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DUNGLI SON'S 
 
 MEDICAL DICTIONARY 
 
WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 I. (Just Issued.) 
 
 HUMAN PHYSIOLO'GY: 
 
 EIGHTH EDITION, REVISED, MODIFIED, AND ENLARGED. 
 
 In two large and, handsome octavo volumes, of about 1500 pages.; leather, price, $7. 
 
 lu preparing the present edition, "no paias 
 have been spared to make the work a complete 
 expression of the science of the day." This 
 statement our own examination of the work en- 
 ables us to confirm ; every page of it testifying 
 to the author's industry in culling from various 
 quarters and sources all that was valuable in the 
 physiological contributions to science of the last 
 few years. The careful and scrutinizing spirit 
 exhibited by the writer when investigating mooted 
 questions, the extensive information he possesses 
 
 of general science in almost every department, 
 and the clear and happy style in which he pre- 
 sents his views, render his Physiology one of the 
 most reliable and attractive works in our language. 
 To the practitioner and general reader, we can 
 heartily recommend it as an excellent resum6 of 
 the present state of physiological science. As a 
 text-book for the student, we think it has no su- 
 perior in our language, and for this object we 
 presume it was chieiiy, if not expressly written. — 
 Med. Examiner, Oct., 1856. 
 
 II, (Now Ready, July, 185 7.) 
 
 GENEEAL THEEAPEUTICS AND MATERIA MEDICA! 
 
 ADAPTED FOR A MEDICAL TEXT-BOOK. 
 
 WITH ABOUT TWO HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 SIXTH EDITION, REVISED AND IMPROVED. 
 
 In two very handsome octavo volumes, of about WOO pages ; leather, price $6. 
 
 The most complete and satisfactory exponent 
 of the existing state of Therapeutical Science, 
 within the moderate limits of a text- book, of any 
 hitherto published. What gives the work a su- 
 perior value, in our judgment, is the happy blend- 
 ing of Therapeutics and Materia Medica, as they 
 are or ought to be taught in all our Medical 
 schools; going no further into the nature and 
 commercial history of drugs than is indispensable 
 
 for the medical student. This gives to the treatise 
 a clinical and practical character, calculated to 
 benefit, in the highest degree, both students and 
 practitioners. We shall adopt it as a text-book 
 for our classes, while pursuing this branch of 
 medicine, and shall be happy to learn that it has 
 been adopted as such in all of our medical insti- 
 tutions. — The N. Y. Journal of Medicine. 
 
 III. (Just Issued.) 
 
 NEW REMEDIES: 
 
 WITH rORMUlJi FOR THEIK PREPARATION AND ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 Seventh. Edition, with, extensive Additions. 
 In one very large octavo volume, of 110 pages ; leather, S3. 75. 
 
 It may be considered almost a work of super- 
 erogation to enter into an elaborate criticism of a 
 work which has reached its seventh edition. The 
 public has pronounced, in the most authoritative 
 manner, its verdict, and we are certainly not dis- 
 posed in the present instance to dispute its de- 
 cision. In truth, such books as this will always 
 be favorably received by the Profession of our 
 country. They are labor-saving productions, 
 which, at the expense of much research and 
 reading to the author, condense in a convenient 
 
 space the novelties and discoveries of the age. 
 The present edition of this work is considerably 
 enlarged and improved. The author, with his 
 accustomed accuracy, has elaborated and amplified 
 many of the articles but casually or imperfectly 
 treated of in the former editions; and he has also 
 added considerably to the list of new remedies. 
 About thirty new agents, or novel applications 
 of old remedies, are introduced to the notice of the 
 reader in this edition. — Va. Med. and Surg. Jour., 
 Sept., 1856. 
 
 IV. 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. 
 
 A TREATISE ON SPECIAL PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 
 
 THIRD AND REVISED EDITION. 
 
 In two large octavo volumes, of about 1500 pages ; leather, $6.25. 
 
 The student of medicine will find in these two that will nerve him with courage, and faithfully 
 elegant volumes a mine of facts, a gathering of direct him in his efforts to relieve the physical suf- 
 precepts and advice from the world of experience, ferings of the race. — Boston Med. and Surg. Jour, 
 
 BLANCHAED AND LEA, PHILADELPHIA. 
 
MEDICAL LEXICON. 
 
 DICTIONARY 
 
 MEDICAL SCIENCE; 
 
 C ONTAINING 
 
 A CONCISE EXPLANATION OF THE VARIOUS SUBJECTS AND TERMS OF ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, 
 PATHOLOGY, HYGIENE, THERAPEUTICS, PHARMACOLOGY, PHARMACY, SURGERY, OB- 
 STETRICS, MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, DENTISTRY, Etc.; NOTICES OF CLI-' 
 MATE, AND OF MINERAL WATERS; FORMULA FOR OFFICINAL, 
 EMPIRICAL, AND DIETETIC PREPARATIONS, Etc.; 
 
 FRENCH AND OTHER SYNONYMES, 
 
 ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M.D., LL.D., 
 
 PROFESSOR OF THE INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE, ETC., 
 
 IN THE JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE 
 
 OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 REVISED AND VERY GREATLY ENLARGED. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 BLANCHARD AND LEA. 
 
 1858. 
 
^ec Lo// 
 
 ■/. / 
 
 
 Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by 
 BLANCHARD AND LEA, 
 the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United Stat es for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 
 
 COLLINS, PRDSTTER. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 On this new edition of his "Medical Lexicon,^' the author has bestowed 
 more than usual labour. It is not more than four years since a friendly re- 
 viewer, in one of the most learned of European medical periodicals, (the 
 "British and Foreign Medico- Chirurgical Beview'' tov Jnlj, 1853, p. 205,) 
 in noticing a former edition, remarked, that the labour which had been bestowed 
 upon the work had "been something prodigious;" adding — "the work, how- 
 ever, has been now done, and we are happy in the thought, that no human 
 being will have again to undertjike the same gigantic task. Eevised and 
 corrected from time to time, Dr. Dunglison's 'Medical Lexicon' will last for 
 centuries.'^ 
 
 Yet, in the present edition, not only has the work been "revised and cor- 
 rected," but about six thousand subjects and terms have been added, which are 
 not to be found in the one noticed by the "British and Foreign.''^ Many of 
 these have been introduced into medical terminology in consequence of the 
 progress of the science ; whilst others had escaped the author in the previous 
 editions. These additions have necessarily required a great amount of labour, 
 which— as on every former occasion of the kind— has been cheerfully bestowed, 
 in order that the work might be rendered still more worthy of the vast favour 
 which it has experienced. It has ever been the anxious desire of the author to 
 make it a satisfactory and desirable — if not indispensable — lexicon, in which the 
 student may search without disappointment for every term that has been legiti- 
 mated in the nomenclature of the science ; and the present very carefully 
 revised, greatly enlarged, and accurately printed edition cannot fail to be more 
 extensively useful, and to offer stronger claims to the attention of the practi- 
 tioner and student, than any of its predecessors. 
 
 The author is grateful for the opportunity again afforded him of expressing 
 his acknowledgments for the reception which the Dictionary has met with 
 everywhere from the profession. 
 
 ROBLEY DUXGLISON 
 
 Philadelphia, 1116 Gieard St. 
 JuLT, 1857. 
 
 (5) 
 
PEEFACE 
 
 TO THE SECOND EDITION. 
 
 The present undertaking was suggested by the frequent complaints, made by the 
 author's pupils, that they were unable to meet with information on numerous topics 
 of professional inquiry, — especially of recent introduction, — in the medical diction- 
 aries accessible to them. 
 
 It may, indeed, be correctly affirmed, that we have no dictionary of medical 
 subjects and terms which can be looked upon as adapted to the state of the science. 
 In proof of this, the author need but remark, that he has found occasion to add 
 several thousand medical terms, which are not to be met with in the only medical 
 lexicon at this time in circulation in the country. 
 
 The present edition will be found to contain many hundred more terms than the 
 first, and to hare experienced numerous additions and modifications. 
 
 The author's object has not been to make the work a mere lexicon or dictionary 
 of terms, but to afford, under each, a condensed view of its various medical relations, 
 and thus to render the work an epitome of the existing condition of medical science. 
 In its preparation, he has freely availed himself of the English, French, and German 
 works of the same nature, and has endeavored to add every subject and term of 
 recent introduction, which has fallen under his notice ; yet, with all his care, it 
 will doubtless be found that subjects have been omitted. The numerous additions, 
 however, which he has made, and his strong desire to be useful, " by removing 
 rubbish and clearing obstructions from the paths through which learning and genius 
 press forward to conquest and glory," will, he trusts, extenuate these and other 
 objections that might be urged against the work ; especially when the toil, which 
 every compiler of a dictionary must endure, is taken into consideration ; a toil which 
 has been so forcibly depicted by the great English Lexicographer, as well as by the 
 distinguished Scaliger : 
 
 " Si quelqu'un a commis quelque crime odieux, 
 S'il a tue son pfere, ou blasph^m^ les Dieux, 
 Qu'il fasse un Lexicon : s'il est supplice au monde 
 Qui le punisse mieux, je veux que Ton me tonde." 
 
EXPLANATION. 
 
 If the simple synonymy of any term be needed, a mere reference to the term 
 may be sufficient ; but if farther information be desired, it may be obtained under 
 the term referred to. For example, the French word Tronc is said to be 
 synonymous with Trunk. This may be sufficient for the inquirer : should it 
 not, the requisite information may be found by turning to Trunk. 
 
 ABBREYIATIOK-S ARBITRARILY EMPLOYED. 
 
 Arab. 
 
 Arabic. 
 
 P. 
 
 Portuguese. 
 
 
 Ch. 
 
 Chaussier. 
 
 Ph. D. 
 
 Pharmacopoeia 
 
 I of Dublin. 
 
 D. 
 
 Dutch. 
 
 Ph. E. 
 
 <( 
 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 Da. 
 
 Danish, 
 
 Ph. L. 
 
 ( i 
 
 London. 
 
 E. 
 
 English. 
 
 Ph. P. 
 
 It 
 
 Paris. 
 
 F. 
 
 French. 
 
 Ph. U. S 
 
 K 
 
 of the Uni- 
 
 F. or Fah. 
 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 
 
 ted States 
 
 Fam. 
 
 Family. 
 
 
 
 ofAmerica. 
 
 G. 
 
 German. 
 
 PI. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 
 Heb. 
 
 Hebrew. 
 
 Prov, 
 
 Provincial. 
 
 
 I. 
 
 Italian. 
 
 R, 
 
 Reaumur, 
 
 
 Imp. meas. 
 
 Imperial measure. 
 
 S. 
 
 Spanish. 
 
 
 Ir. 
 
 Irish. 
 
 s.g. 
 
 Specific Gravity. 
 
 L. 
 
 Latin. 
 
 Sax. 
 
 Anglo-Saxon. 
 
 
 Linn, 
 
 Linnaeus. 
 
 Sc. 
 
 Scottish. 
 
 
 :N'at. Ord. 
 
 Natural Order. 
 
 Sex. Syst 
 
 Sexual System 
 
 
 Old Eng. 
 
 Old English. 
 
 Sw. 
 
 Swedish. 
 
 
 Ord. 
 
 Order. 
 
 Yulg. 
 
 Yulgarly. 
 
 
 (7) 
 
DICTIONAEY 
 
 MEDICAL SCIENCE. 
 
 A. 
 
 A, before a consonant; An before a vowel, a, av, 
 have, in the compound medical terms, a privative 
 or debasing signification, like that of the particles 
 in, im, un, ir, in English. Thus: Stheni'a means 
 strength; ^sfAenr'a, want of strength; AncBmia, 
 want of blood, etc. Occasionally, in compound 
 words, they have an intensive meaning. 
 
 AACHEN, Aix-la-Chapolle. 
 
 A, or AA. See Abbreviation. 
 
 AANDE, Breath. 
 
 AAKZHIL, MINERAL WATERS OF. A. is 
 in the canton of Berne, in Switzerland. The 
 chief spring contains chlorides of calcium and 
 sodium, sulphates of lime and soda, osyd of 
 iron, and sulphohydric acid gas. 
 
 AASMUS, Anhelatio. 
 
 ABACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. A hydro- 
 sulphuretted saline spring not far from Ratisbon 
 or Regentsberg, in Bavaria. 
 
 ABAISSE3IENT, Depression ; a. de la Cata- 
 racte, see Cataract— a. de la Matrice, Prolapsus 
 uteri. 
 
 ABAISSEUR BE L'AILE DU NEZ, De- 
 pressor alfe nasi— or. de I'angle des Vevres, De- 
 pressor anguli oris— a. de la lime inferieure, 
 Depressor labii inferioris— n. de la laiigue, Glos- 
 socatochus — a. de la machoire inferieure, Digas- 
 tricus — a. de I'ceil, Rectus inferior oculi 
 
 ABALIENATIO MENTIS, Insanity. 
 
 ABALIENA'TUS. Corrui^tus, Corrupted; from 
 ah, and ahenus, 'different.' Membra ahaliena'ta. 
 Limbs dead or benumbed. — Celsus, Scribonius 
 Largus. 
 
 ABANGA. Name given by the inhabitants of 
 St. Thomas to the fruit of a palm tree, the seeds 
 of which they consider very useful in diseases 
 of the chest, in the dose of three or four, two or 
 three times a day. 
 
 ABAPTIST'A. Abapfis'ton or Abaptis' turn, from 
 a, privative, and ParTi^etv, 'to plunge.' A term 
 applied to the old trepan, the conical shape of 
 which prevented it from plunging suddenly into 
 the cavity of the cranium 
 
 ABAPTISTON, Abaptista. 
 
 ABAPTISTUM, Abaptista. 
 
 ABAREMO-TEMO. A Brazilian tree, which 
 grows in the mountains, and appears to be a 
 mimosa. Piso relates that the decoction of its 
 bark, which is bitter and astringent, was applied 
 m that country to ulcers of a bad character. 
 
 ABARNAHAS, Mao-nesia 
 
 ABARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis, and Synar- 
 throsis. -^ 
 
 ABATARDJSSE3fENT,-Deo-eneTation 
 A BA TTEMENT, Pros tra tion . 
 1 
 
 ABBREVIATION 
 
 ' ABATTIS, Giblets. 
 
 ABBECOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF, A 
 chalybeate spring, sis leagues from Paris, and 
 one from Poissy. It was once much frequented, 
 but is now abandoned. 
 
 ABBEVILLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. An 
 acidulous chalybeate at Abbeville, in the depart- 
 ment of Somme, France. 
 
 ABBREVIA'TION, Ahhrevia'tio, Brachyn'sis, 
 Brachys'mos, Abbreviatu'ra. (F.) Abreviation, 
 from hrevis, 'short.' Abbreviations are chiefly 
 used in medicinal formulse. They are by no 
 means as frequently employed now as of old, 
 when every article had its appropriate symbol. 
 The following are some of the abbreviations 
 which have been or are employed: 
 
 R. Recipe, Take. 
 
 A. AA, ANA, {ava) utriusque, of each. 
 ABDOJf. Abdomen. 
 
 Abs. Febr. Absente febre, In the absence of 
 fever. 
 
 Ad. or Add. Adde or addatur. 
 
 Ad. Lib. Ad libitum, At pleasure. 
 
 Adjiov. Admoveatur, Let it be applied. 
 
 Altern. Hor. Alternis horis. Every other hour. 
 
 Alv. Adstrict. Alvo adstrictd, The bowels 
 being confined. 
 
 Aq. Aqua, Water. 
 
 Aq. Bull. Aqua bulUens, Boiling water. 
 
 Aq. Comm. Aqua eommunie. Common water. 
 
 Aq. Ferv. Aqua fervens, Hot water. 
 
 Aq. Font. Aqua fontis, Spring water. 
 
 Aq. Marin. Aqua marina, Sea water. 
 
 B. A. Balneum arena, A sand-bath. 
 Bals. £alsa?7ium, Balsam. 
 
 BB. BBDS. Barbadensis, Barbadoes. 
 Bib. £ibe. Drink. 
 Bis ind. Bis indies. Twice daily. 
 B. M. Balneum maria, (F.) Bain marie, A water 
 bath. 
 
 BoL. Bnltw. 
 
 Bull. Bulliat, Let it boil. 
 
 But. Butyrum, Butter. 
 
 B. V. Balneum vaporis, A vapour bath. 
 
 C. Congius, A gallon. 
 C^rul. CcBrideus, Blue. 
 Cap. Capiat, Let him take. 
 C. C. Cornu cervi, Hartshorn. 
 
 C. C. U. Coniu cervi ustiim. Burnt hartshorn 
 C. M. Oras mane. To-morrow morning. 
 0. N. Cras node. To-morrow night. 
 C. V. Cras vespere, To-morrow evening. 
 CoCHL. Cochleare, A spoonful. 
 CocHL. Ampl. Cochleare amplum, A largs 
 spoonful. 
 
 (17) 
 
ABBREVIATION 
 
 18 
 
 ABBREVIATION 
 
 CocHL. Inf. Cochleare infantum, A child's 
 spoonful. 
 
 CocHL. Mod. or Med. Cochleare modicum or 
 medium, A dessert-spoonful. 
 
 CocHL. Part. Cochleare parvjtm, Aten-s-pooJitm. 
 Col. Cola, and Colaturcs, Strain, and to the 
 strained. 
 
 Coup. Compositus, Compound. 
 CoNP. Confectio, Confection. 
 Cons. Conserva, Conserve. 
 CsNT. Contintietur, Let it be continued. 
 CoQ. Coque, Boil. 
 CoRT. Cortex, Bark. 
 Crast. Crcistinus, For to-morrow. 
 Cr.i. Ciijui, Of which. 
 Cr.insL. Ciijnslibet, Of any. 
 Cyath. C^athus, A glassful. 
 Cyath. The^, a cup of tea. 
 D. Dosis, A dose. 
 
 D. at S. Detur et signetur {placed at the end 
 of a prescription). 
 
 D. D. Detur ad, Let it be given in or to. 
 Deaur. Pil. Deauretur pilula. Let the pill be 
 gilded. 
 
 Deb. Spiss. Dehita spissitudo, A due consist- 
 ence. 
 
 Dec. Decanta, Pour off. 
 
 Decdb. Decubitus, Lying down, going to bed. 
 De D. IN D. De die in diem, From day to day. 
 Dej. Alv. Dejectiones alvi, Alvine evacuations. 
 Dep. Depuratus, Purified. 
 Dest. Destilla, Distil. 
 Det. Detur, Let it be given. 
 DiEB.ALTERN.-Die6usc(^fe;'?!»s, Every other day. 
 Dieb. Tert. Diebus tertiis. Every third day. 
 Dig. Digeratur. Let it be digested. 
 DiL. Dilutus, Dilute. 
 Dim. Dimidius, One-half. 
 Div. Divide, Divide. 
 
 DoNEC Alv. Solut. Fuer. Donee alvus soluia 
 fuerit, Until the bowels are opened. 
 Drach. Drachma, A drachm. 
 Ejdsd, Ejusdem, Of the same. 
 Enem. Enema, A clyster. 
 Exhib. Exhibeatur, Let it be exhibited. 
 Ext. super Alut. Extende super alutam. Spread 
 upon leather. 
 
 F. Fiat, Let it be made. 
 
 F. Pil. Fiat pilula, Make into a pill. 
 
 F. Ven^s. or F. VS. Fiat veneesectio, Let bleed- 
 ing be performed. 
 
 Feb. Dur. Febre durante. The fever continuing. 
 
 Fem. Intern. Femoribus internis. To the inside 
 of the thighs. 
 
 Fist. Armat. Fistula armata, A bag and pipe 
 — a clyster pipe and bladder fitted for use. 
 
 Fl. Fluidus, and Flores, Fluid, and Flowers. 
 
 Frust. Frustillatim, In small pieces. 
 
 Gel. Quatis. Gelatind qtidvis, In any kind of 
 jelly. 
 
 G. G. G. Gummi gutfm Gambia, Gamboge. 
 Gr. Granum, A grain. 
 Gt. Gvtta, A drop. Gtt. Guttm, Drops. 
 Gtt. or Gdtt. Quibusd. Guttis quibusdam, With 
 
 gome drops. 
 
 Gum. Gummi, Gum. 
 
 Guttat. Guttati'm, By drops. 
 
 HoR. Decub. Hora decubitHs, At bed-time. 
 
 HoR. Interm. Horis intermediis,' At interme- 
 diate hours. 
 
 H. S. Hord somni. At bed-time. 
 
 Inf. Infunde, Infuse. 
 
 Ind. Indies, Daily. 
 
 Inj. Enem. Injiciatur enema, Let a clyster be 
 given. 
 
 In Pulm. In pulmento, In gruel. 
 
 Jul. Julepus, A julep. 
 
 Lat. Dol. Lateri dolenti. To the pained side. 
 
 Lb. and Lib. Libra, A pound weight. 
 
 Lib. Llb. Libra, Pounds. 
 
 LiQ. Liquor. 
 
 M. Misee, Mix. 
 
 Mac. Macera, Macerate. 
 
 Man. Manipulus, A handful. 
 
 Man. Prim. I aue prima, Early in the morning, 
 
 MiC. Pan. 3/ica panis. Crumb of bread. 
 
 Min. Minimum, The 60th part of a drachm by 
 measure. 
 
 Mitt. Mitte, Send. 
 
 Mitt. Sang. Mittatur sanguis, Let blood bo 
 drawn. 
 
 Mod. Prescript. Ilodo prascripto, In the 
 manner directed. 
 
 MoR. Sol. 2Iore solito. In the usual manner. 
 
 Muc. Mucilago, Mucilage. 
 
 N. M. Nux moschata, Nutmeg. 
 
 0. Octarius, A pint. 
 
 01. Oleum, Oil. 
 Ol. Lini, S. I. Oleum lini sine igne. Cold-drawn 
 
 linseed oil. 
 
 Omn. Bid. Omni biduo, Every two days. 
 Omn. Bih. Omni hihorio. Every two hours. 
 Omn. Hor. Omni hord, Every hour. 
 Omn. Man. Omni mane. Every morning. 
 Omn. Nocte, Every night. 
 Omn. Quadr. Hor. Omni quadrante hora, 
 Every quarter of an hour. 
 
 0. 0. 0. Oleum oliva optimum. Best olive oil. 
 Ov. Ovum, An egg. 
 Ox. Oxymel. 
 Oz. Uncia, An ounce. 
 
 P. Pondere, By weight, and Pare, A part. 
 P. and Pug. Pugillus, A pugil. 
 P. M. Partes aquales, Equal parts. 
 Part. Vic. Partitis vicibus. In divided doses. 
 Peract. Op. Emet. Peractd operatione emetiei, 
 The operation of the emetic being over. 
 
 Pil. Pilula, A pill. Pil. or Pill. Pilula, 
 Pills. 
 
 Post. Sing. Sed. Liq. Post singular sedes 
 liquidas, After every liquid evacuation. 
 Pot. Potio, A potion. 
 P. P. Pulvis patrum, Jesuits' bark. 
 P. Rat. iETAT. Pro ratione atatis, According 
 to the age. 
 
 P. R. N. Pro re natd. As occasion may be. 
 PuLV. Pulvis, A powder. 
 
 Q. P. Quantum placeat. As much as may please. 
 Q. S. Quantum sufficit, As much as is sufficient. 
 QuOR. Quorum, Of which. 
 Q. V. Quantum volueris. As much as you wish. 
 Rad. Eadix, Root. 
 Ras. RasurcB, Shavings. 
 Rect. Rectificatus, Rectified. 
 Red. or Redig. in Pulv. Redactus in pulve- 
 rem, or Redigatur in pulverem. Powdered, or Let 
 it be powdered. 
 
 Reg. Umbil. Regio umbilici, The umbilical 
 region. 
 
 Repet. Rei^etatur, Let it be repeated. 
 
 S. A. Secundum artem. According to art. 
 
 Sem. Semen, Seed. 
 
 Semi-dr. Semi-drachma, half a drachm. 
 
 Semi-h. Semi-hora, Half an hour. 
 
 Serv. Serva, Keep, preserve. 
 
 Sesquih. Senquihora, An hour and a half. 
 
 Sesunc. Sesuncia, An ounce and a half. 
 
 Si Non Val. Si non valeat, If it does not answer. 
 
 Si Op. Sit. Si opus sit. If there be need. 
 
 Si ViR. Perm. Si vires per mittant, If the strength 
 will permit. 
 
 Sing. Singidorum, Of each. 
 
 SoLV. Solve, Dissolve. 
 
 Sp. and Spir. Spiritus, Spirit 
 
 Ss. Semi, One half. 
 
 St. Stet, Let it stand. 
 
 Sub Fin. Coct. Suh finem coctionis. Towards 
 the end of the boiling. 
 
ABCES 
 
 19 
 
 ABDUCTOR 
 
 Sum. Sumat, Let him take ; also, Summitates, 
 Ihe tops. 
 
 S. V. Spiritus villi, Spirit of wine. 
 
 _S. V. R. Spiritus vini rectijicatus, Rectified 
 spirit of wine. 
 
 S. V. T. Spiritus vini tenuior, Proof spirit of wine. 
 
 Syr. Syriipus, Syrup. 
 
 Temp. Dext. Tempori dextro, To the ri"-ht 
 temple. ° 
 
 T. 0. Tinctura opii, Tincture of opium. 
 Tr., Tra. and Tinct. Tinctura, Tincture. 
 Trit. Tritura, Triturate. 
 
 V. 0. S. or ViT. 0\^. Sol. VUello ovi solutus. 
 Dissolved m the yolk of an egg. 
 VS. VencBsectio, Venesection. 
 Z.Z. Anciently myrrh: now zinziher orgino-er. 
 a, Libra, A pound, lib. Pounds. ° 
 
 3' Uncia, An ounce, 
 f 5, Fluiduncia, A fluidounce. 
 5, Drachma, A drachm, 
 f^, Fluidrachma, A fluidrachm. 
 9, Serupulum, A scruple. 
 '^, Minimum, A minim, 
 ss, Semissis, or half; iss, one and a half. 
 J, one ; ij, two ; iij, three ; iv, four, &c. See 
 bymbol. 
 
 The same system is not always followed in ab- 
 breviating. The subjoined will exhibit the usual 
 mode: 
 
 f 5iss 
 
 f^ss 
 gtt. xl. M. 
 
 R 
 
 In/us. Colomh. 
 Tinct. Gent. comp. 
 Syr. Cort. Aurant. 
 Tinct. caps. 
 Capt. coch. ij. p. r. n. 
 
 Tills, written at length, is as follows : 
 Kecipe 
 
 Infusi ColomlcB sesqui-fluidunciam. 
 Tinctura GentiancB OomjMsitce fluidrachmara. 
 Ciyrupi Ourticis AurantiorumsQ\ni-&md.vn.ch.- 
 
 mam. 
 TincturcB Capsici guttas quadraginta. 
 Misce. 
 
 Capiat coehlearia duo pro re nata. 
 In the United States the directions are always 
 written in English. 
 ABCBS, Abscess— a. Aigu, see Abscess. 
 ABCES EN BOUTONDE CHEMISE Shirt 
 button or Skirt-stHd Abscess. A deep-seated mam- 
 mary abscess, following the septa of the breast, 
 and appearing under the skin, so as eventually to 
 give rise to one or more subcutaneous abscesses 
 without losing the original character of submam- 
 mary suppuration. A cavity exists between the 
 integuments and the gland— another, laro-er be- 
 tween the mamma and the chest— the two com- 
 municating by a passage, which is generally nar- 
 row—the whole having the exact appearance of a 
 shirt-stud. — Velpeau. 
 
 ^BCES CHAUD, see Abseess-a. Chronique, 
 see Abscess— rt. par Congestion, see Abscess— 
 a. Oonsicutif, Abscess, metastatic— a. Diathesi- 
 que, see Abscess— a. Froid, see Abscess— «. 3Ie- 
 tastatiquc, Abscess, metastatic— a. Retro-utirine 
 see Retro-uterine— a. Scrofuleiix, see Abscess— a! 
 ooudain, see Abscess. 
 
 ABDO'MEiSr, from abdere, 'to conceal;' be- 
 cause It conceals the viscera; by some, fancifully 
 presumed to be from abdere, ' to conceal,' and 
 omentum, ' the caul.' Prom abdo is formed abdo- 
 men, as from lego, legumen. Etron, Hypogas'trion, 
 Fhysce, Hypoca^'Uum, Epis'chion, Lap'nra, Hi/, 
 pochoi'iion, GcMter, Hypoa'trion, Nedys, Neia'ra, 
 Nei'ra, Abdu'men, Venter, Venter imus, Venter 
 in'fimus, Alvus, U'terus, The belli/, (Sc ) Kyle 
 Bencke, Weam, (Prov.) Baggie, Hag, Wem, Pooh, 
 yh.) \entre, V. inferieur, Bas ventre. The larg- 
 est of the three splanchnic cavities, bounded, I 
 
 above by the diaphragm; below, by the pelvi» • 
 behind, by the lumbar vertebra; ; and at the sides 
 and tore part, by muscular expansions. It is dis- 
 tinguished into three anterior regions, from above 
 to below; VIZ. the epigastric, umbilical. and hypo- 
 gastric, each of which is itself divided into three 
 ottiers, one middle, and two lateral: thus, the 
 epigastric region comprises the epigastrium and 
 hypochondria ; the umbilical, the umbilicus and 
 flanks or lumbar regions; and the hypogastric, 
 the hypogastrium and iliac regions. None of 
 these regions has its limits well defined. The 
 chief viscera contained in the cavity of the abdo- 
 men, Cm'ha, Cavum Abdom'inis, are the stomach, 
 intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, &c. 
 it is lined by the peritoneum. 
 
 Abdomej^, Pendulous, Physconia 
 ABDOM'INAL, Abdomina'lis, Ventra'lis, Ven- 
 tral. That which belongs to the Abdomen, as 
 ,abdonunal muscles, abdominat viscera &c 
 
 ABDOMINIS EXPLORATIO, Abdominos- 
 copia. 
 
 ABDOMINOSCOP'IA, Gastroscop'ia, Lava. 
 \roscop ia, Abdom'inis Explora'tio. Abdom'inos- 
 copy. ■ A hybrid word, frcm abdomen, 'the lower 
 belly,' and (t/cotem, ' I view.' Examination of the 
 lower belly as a means of diagnosis. See Aus- 
 cultation. 
 
 ABDOM'INOUS, Ventrio'sus, Ventro'sus, from 
 abdomen, 'the belly.' Big-bellied, Big-paunclied, 
 Ventrip'otent. Having a large abdomen. 
 ABDUCENS LABIORUM, Levator anguli oris 
 ABDUCENTES, Motor oculi externus 
 ABDUCTEUE BE L'CEIL, Rectus externus 
 ocuh — a. de Voreille, Abductor auris — a. du 
 gros orteil, Abductor pollieis pedis— a. du petit 
 orteil, Abductor minimi digiti pedis— a. court dn 
 /)ouce. Abductor pollieis brevis— a. long du pouce. 
 Abductor long-us pollieis. 
 
 ABDUCTION, Abduc'tio, from abducere, to 
 separate, {ab and ducere, 'to lead.') The move- 
 ment which separates a limb or other part from 
 the axis of the body. 
 
 The word has also been used synonymously 
 with Abrup'tio, Ajmg'ma, Apoclas'ma, a fracture 
 near the articular extremity of a bone, with sepa- 
 ration of the fragments. 
 
 ABDUCTOR, same etymon. (F.) Abdueteur. 
 A muscle which moves certain parts by separat- 
 ing them from the axis of the body. 
 
 Abductor Aurioularis, Abductor auris — a, 
 Indicis pedis, Prior indicis pedis, Posterior indicis 
 pedis — a. Medii digiti pedis. Prior medii digiti 
 pedis — a. Minimi digiti. Flexor parvus minimi 
 digiti— a. Minimi digiti. Prior minimi digiti— a. 
 Oculi, Rectus externus oculi — a. Pollieis manfls, 
 and a. Brevis alter, Abductor pollieis brevis. 
 
 Abductor Auris, Abductor auricula'ris. (F.) 
 Abdueteur de Voreille. A portion of the posterior 
 auris, whose existence is not constant, which 
 passes from the mastoid process to the concha. 
 
 Abductor In'dicis, Semi-interos'seus in'dicis. 
 A muscle which arises from the os trapezium ami 
 metacarpal bone of the thumb, and is inserted 
 into the first bone of the forefinger. Its use is to 
 bring the forefinger towards the thumb. 
 
 Abductor MiN'iMi Dig"iti, Carpo-phalan'qeus 
 min'imi digiti, Carpo-jihalangien du petit d'oii/t. 
 Exten'sor ter'tiiijiterno'dii minimi digiti — (Doul 
 glas.) Hypoth'enar minor metacarpeus. See 
 Flexor parvus. It originates, fleshy, from the os 
 pisiforme, and from the annular ligament near 
 it; and is inserted, tendinous, into the inner side 
 of the base of the first bone of the little finger. 
 Use, to draw the little finger from the rest. 
 
 Abductor Minimi Digiti Pedis, Calco-snb- 
 phalangeus minimi digiti, Calcaneo-phalangien 
 du petit orteil, Parath'enar major — (By Wins- 
 low, the muscle is divided into two portions, — 
 
ABDUMEN 
 
 20 
 
 ABOMASUS 
 
 Parathenar major and metatarseus.) Calcaneo- 
 sous-phalangien du petit orteil — (Ch.) (F.) Ab- 
 ducteur du petit orteil. This muscle forms the 
 outer margin of the sole of the foot, and is im- 
 mediately beneath the plantar aponeurosis. It 
 arises, tendinous and fleshy, from the outer side 
 of the protuberance of the os calcis, and from 
 the root of the metatarsal bone of the little toe, 
 and is inserted into the outer part of the root of 
 the first bone of the little toe. Use, to draw the 
 little toe outwards. 
 
 Abductok Pol'licis Brevis, Abductor Polli- 
 cis IlanCis, Scapho-carpo-siiper-phalMigeus Pol- 
 licis, Sus-phalangien du p)ouce, A. poUicis nianus 
 and A. brevis altei — (Albinus.) (F.) Abducteur 
 court du pouce, Carpo-sus-phalangien du pouce — 
 (Ch.) A short, flat, triangular muscle, which arises 
 from the anterior surface of the os scaphoides and 
 the annular ligament of the carpus, and termi- 
 nates at the outside of the upper extremity of 
 the first phalanx of the thumb. A particular por- 
 tion, on the inner side of this muscle, is called, by 
 Albinus, Abductor brevis alter. 
 
 Abductor Longus Pollicis, A. I. P. Man&s, 
 Extensor ossis metacarpi p)ollicis man&s, Extensor 
 primi internodii — (Douglas,) Extensor primus 
 PoUicis, Cubito-radi-sus-metacarpien du pouce, 
 Cubito-sus-metacarpien du p)OHce, — (Ch.) (F.) 
 Abducteur long du pouce. A long, thin muscle, 
 arising from the posterior surface of the ulna, 
 radius, and interosseous ligament, and inserted at 
 the outer side of the upper extremity of the first 
 metacarpal bone. 
 
 Abductor Polltcis Pedis, Calco-sub-phalan- 
 geus Pol'licis. (F.) Abducteur du gros orteil. 
 This 'muscle arises, fleshy, from the anterior and 
 inner part of the protuberance of the os calcis, 
 and tendinous fro-m the same bone where it joins 
 with the os naviculare. It is inserted, tendinous, 
 into the internal os sesamoideum and root of the 
 first bone of the great toe. Use, to pull the great 
 toe from the rest. 
 
 The name Abductor has been given also to all 
 those interosseous muscles of the hand and foot, 
 which perform the motion of abduction on the 
 fino-ers or toes, and to muscles which execute the 
 same function on other parts of the body. 
 
 ABDUMEN, Abdomen. 
 
 ABEBiE'OS, from a, neg., and Pcfiaio;, 'firm,' 
 Infir'mus, Deh'ilis. Weak, infirm, unsteady. 
 
 ABEILLE, Bee. 
 
 ABELMELUCH. One of the names of the Kici- 
 nus, according to some authors. — Prosper Alpinus 
 Bays that a tree, which grows about Mecca, is so 
 called. Its seeds, which are black and oblong, 
 are said to be a most violent cathartic. 
 
 ABELMOSCHUS, Hibiscus abelmoschus — a. 
 Moschatus, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
 
 ABELMUSK, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
 
 ABENSBERG, MINERAL WATERS OP. A. 
 is a city of Bavaria, where there is a cold, sul- 
 phureous spring. 
 
 ABERRATIO, Aberration — a. Lactis, Galac- 
 toplania — a. Mensium, Menstruation, vicarious — 
 a. Menstruorum, Menstruation, vicarious. 
 
 ABERRA'TION, Aberra'tio, from aberrare, 
 (ab and errare,) 'to stray,' 'to wander from.' 
 This word has several meanings. 
 
 1. The passage of a fluid of the living body 
 into an order of vessels not destined for it. In 
 this sense it is synonymous with the Error Loci 
 of Boerhaave. 
 
 2. The flow of a fluid towards an organ difl"erent 
 from that to which it is ordinarily directed ; as in 
 cases of vicarious hemorrhage. Aberrations of 
 dense or judgment are certain errors in the percep- 
 tions, or certain derangements of the intellectual 
 faculties. 
 
 The word is used in optics to designate the 
 
 dispersion of the rays of light in passing through 
 a lens. 
 
 Aberration, Chromatic, Aberration of Re- 
 frangibility. 
 
 Aberration op Refrangibil'ity, Chromat'ic 
 aberra'tion, (F.) Aberration de Befrangibilite, 
 Chromatisme, exists, when, as in a common lens, 
 the rays that pass near the circumference of the 
 lens are decomposed, so that a coloured image is 
 observed. This aberration in the human eye is 
 corrected by the iris, which does not permit the 
 rays to fall near the circumference of the lens, 
 and also by the crystalline lens itself, which, 
 owing to its structure, serves the purposes of an 
 achromatic glass. 
 
 Aberration, Spherical, Aberration of sphe- 
 ricity. 
 
 Aberration op Spheric"ity or sjjJier'ical ab- 
 erra'tion takes place, when the rays, as in a com- 
 mon lens, which pass through the centre of the 
 lens, and those which pass near the circumfer- 
 ence, are unequally refracted, so that they do not 
 meet at a common focus. 
 
 This aberration of sphericity in the human eye 
 is corrected by the iris and lens. 
 ABESSI, Realgar. 
 
 ABEVACUA'TIO, Apoceno'sis, from ab, and 
 et;ac!(arf, 'to empty.' An evacuation. A partial 
 or imperfect evacuation. By some it is applied 
 to an immoderate evacution. — Kraus. 
 
 ABHAL. A fruit well known in India, and 
 obtained from a species of cypress. It passes for 
 an emmenagogue. 
 
 ABIES, Pinus picea — a. Balsamea, Pinus bal- 
 samea. 
 
 Abies Balsamifera, Pinus Balsamea — a. Ca- 
 nadensis, Pinus Canadensis — a. Excelsa, see Pinus 
 abies — a. Gallica, Pinus picea — a. Larix, Pinus 
 larix — a. Peotinata, Pinus picea — a. Picea, Pinus 
 picea — a. Rubra, Pinus rubra. 
 ABIGA, Teucrium Chamaspitys. 
 ABIOSIS, Death. 
 ABIOTOS, Conium maculatum. 
 ABIRRIT A'TION, Abirrita'tio, from ab, priva- 
 tive, and irritatio, ' irritation.' This word strictlj' 
 means absence or defect of irritation. The disci- 
 ples of Broussais used it to indicate a pathological 
 condition, opposite to that of irritation. It may 
 be considered as synonymous with debility, as- 
 thenia, &c. 
 
 ABLACTATIO, Weaning. 
 ABLASTES, Sterile. 
 ABLATIO, Extirpation. 
 
 ABLEPH'ARUS, from a, privative, and p\s- 
 (papov, 'eyelid.' One who has no eyelids. 
 ABLEPSIA, Cajcitas. 
 ABLUENTIA, Detergents. 
 ABLUENTS, Detergents. 
 
 ABLUTION, Ablu'tio, Aponip'sis, Cataclys'- 
 mus, from abluere, (ab and lucre,) 'to wash.' A 
 name given to legal ceremonies in which the 
 body is subjected to particular affusions. Ablu- 
 tion (especially of the extremities) with cold or 
 tepid water is employed, therapeutically, to re- 
 duce febrile heat. Also, the washing by which 
 medicines are separated from the extraneous 
 matters mixed with them. 
 ABNORMAL, Abnormous. 
 ABNORMITY, Anomalia, 
 
 ABNOR'MOUS, Abnor'mis, Enor'mis, Abnor'- 
 mal, (F.) Anormal, from ab, 'from,' and norma, 
 'rule.' Not conformable to rule ; irregular. 
 
 ABOLI"TION, AboW'tio, destruction or sup- 
 pression, from ab and lucre {?) 'to wash.' A 
 word, often employed, especially b}'' the French, 
 to express the complete suspension of any symp- 
 tom or function. Abolition of the sight, e. g. is the 
 complete loss of sight. 
 
 ABOMA'SUS, Aboma' sum, Enya'tron, Ventric- 
 
ABOMINATIO 
 
 21 ABSCESS 
 
 ulus intestina'lis, Rennet, (So.) Roddikin, (F.) 
 Caillette. The lowermost or fourth stomach of 
 ruminating animals. 
 
 ABOMINATIO, Disgust. 
 
 ABONDANCE, Plethora. 
 
 ABORSIO, Abortion. 
 
 ABORSUS, Abortion. 
 
 ABORTICIDIUM, Foeticide. 
 
 ABORTIF, Abortive. 
 
 ABORTIFACIENS, Abortive. 
 
 ABORTION, Ahor'tus, Abor'sus, Ahor'sio, Bys- 
 to'cia nhorti'va, Omoto'cia, Paracye'sis abortus, 
 Amblo'sis, Amblo'ma, Amblos'mus, Ec'bole, Em- 
 hryotoe'ia, Diaph'thora, Ectro'sis, Examblo'ma, 
 Examhlo' sis, Ectros'mos, Apopalle'sis, Ajjopal'sis, 
 Apoph'thora, Phthora, Convul'sio u'teri, Deper- 
 di'iio. (F.) Avortement, Blessure, Miscarriage ; from 
 ab and oriri, ' to rise,' applied to that which has 
 arisen out of season. The expulsion of the foetus 
 before the seventh month of utero-gestation, or 
 ■before it is viable. The causes of this accident 
 are referable either to the mother, and particu- 
 larly to the uterus ; or to the foetus and its de- 
 pendencies. The causes, in the mother, may be : 
 — extreme nervous susceptibility, great debility, 
 plethora, faulty conformation, &,c ; and it is fre- 
 quently induced immediately by intense mental 
 emotion, violent exercise, <&c. The causes seated 
 in the foetus are its death, rupture of the mem- 
 branes, <fec. It most frequently occurs between 
 the 8th and 12th weeks of gestation. The symp- 
 toms of abortion are: — uterine hemorrhage with 
 or without flakes of decidua, with intermitting 
 pain. When 'abortion has once taken place, it is 
 extremely apt to recur in subsequent pregnancies 
 about the same period. Some writers have called 
 abortion, when it occurs prior to three months. 
 Effluxion. The treatment must vary according 
 to the constitution of the patient and the causes 
 giving rise to it. In all cases, the horizontal 
 posture and perfect quietude are indispensable. 
 
 Abobtion is likewise applied to the product of 
 an untimely birth, — Abor'tus, Abor'sus, Apoble'- 
 ma, Apob'ole, Ecblo'ma, Amblothrtd'ion, Ectro'- 
 ma, Fruo'tus immatu'rus, Abortment, (F.) Avor- 
 ton, Avortin. 
 
 TO ABORT, Abori'ri. To miscarry. (F.) 
 Avorter. 
 
 ABOR'TIVE, Aborti'vus, Ecbol'ius, Amblo'ti- 
 cus, Amblothrid' ium, Ambol'icus, Phthor'ius, Apo- 
 jjJithor'ius, Ectrot'icus, Abortifa'ciens, Acyte'- 
 rius, Expel'lens, Phthiroc' tonus, Phthoroc'tonus, 
 EcboVicus, Contrac' tor u'teri, Accelera'tor Partus, 
 Parturient, Parturifa' cient, Ecbolic. (F.) Abor- 
 tif. A medicine to which is attributed the pro- 
 perty of causing abortion. There is probably no 
 direct agent of the kind. 
 
 ABORTMENT, Abortion. 
 
 ABORTUS, Abortion. 
 
 ABOUCHEMENT, Anastomosis. 
 
 ABOULAZA, a tree of Madagascar, used, ac- 
 cording to Flacourt, in the practice of the coun- 
 ti-y, in diseases of the heart. 
 
 ABOUTISSEMENT, Suppuration. 
 
 ABOYEUSES, see Convidsionnaire. 
 
 ABRABAX, Abrasax, Abraxas. A mystic 
 term, expressing the number 365, to which the 
 Cabalists attributed miraculous properties. 
 
 ABRACADA'BRA, Abrasada'bra, the name 
 of a Syrian idol, according to Selden. This 
 word, when pronounced and repeated in a certain 
 form and a certain number of times, was sup- 
 posed to have the power of curing fevers and 
 preventing many diseases. It was figured on 
 amulets and worn suspended around the neck. 
 
 "IXDN1N31X 
 
 N D N T X 3 T X 
 
 D N n X a "I N 
 
 X T X 3 1 N 
 
 T X 3 "I X 
 X H "I X 
 
 3 -I X 
 
 "I X 
 
 X 
 
 ABRACALAN, A cabalistic term to which the 
 Jews attributed the same virtue as to the word 
 Abracadabra. 
 
 ABRASABRA, Abracadabra. 
 
 ABRASAX, Abrabax. 
 
 ABRA'SION, (Prov.) Flech, Abra'sio, Ajyosyr'- 
 ma, Ap)oxys'mus, from abradere, {ab and radere,) 
 ' to rasp.' A superficial excoriation, with loss of 
 substance, under the form of small shreds, in the 
 mucous membranes of the intestines, — (F.) Ra- 
 clures des Boyaux. Also an ulceration of the 
 skin, possessing similar characters. According 
 to Vicq d'Azyr, the word has been used for the 
 absorption of the molecules composing the various 
 organs. 
 
 ABRATHAN, Artemisia abrotanum. 
 
 ABRAXAS, Abrabax. 
 
 ABRE, Abrus preeatorius. 
 
 ABREVIATION, Abbreviation. 
 
 ABRICOT, see Prunus Armeniaca — a. Sau- 
 vage, Mammea Americana. 
 
 ABRIGOTIER, Prunus Armeniaca. 
 
 ABROSIA, Abstinence. 
 
 ABROTANUM, Artemisia abrotanum — a. 
 Cathsum, Artemisia abrotanum — a. Mas, Arte- 
 misia abrotanum. 
 
 ABROTONE, Artemisia abrotanum. 
 
 ABROTONI'TES, {oivos, 'wine,' understood.). 
 Wine impregnated with Artemisia Abrotanum or 
 Southernwood. 
 
 ABROTONUM, Artemisia Abrotanum. 
 
 ABRUPTIO, Abduction. 
 
 ABRUS PRECATO'RIUS, (from a^pog, 'ele- 
 gant.') Liq'orice Bush, Red Bean, Love pea. (F.) 
 Abre, Liane d riglisse. A small ornamental 
 shrub, found from Florida to Brazil, as well as in 
 Egypt and the West Indies ; Nat. Ord. Legumi- 
 nosse. Sex. Syst. Monadelphia Enneandria; hav- 
 ing beautiful scarlet seeds with a black spot. The 
 roots and leaves are sweet mucilaginous demul- 
 cents. The seeds of the American kind are con- 
 ridered to be purgative and poisonous. They are 
 employed to form rosaries, and hence called, in 
 mockery. Jumble beads. 
 
 ABSCESS, from abscedo, (abs, and cedere,) ' I 
 depart,' or 'separate from.' Absees'sus, Absces' - 
 sio, Aphiste'sis, Aposte'ma, Eepye'rna, Ecpye'sis, 
 Reees'sus, Impos'thume, Gathering. (Old Eng.) 
 Aposiemacion,Apost'hume. (Sc.) Hattrel. (Prov.) 
 Coul, Numpost, Postime. (F.) Abces, Dep)6t. A 
 collection of pus in a cavity, the result of a mor- 
 bid process. See Pyogenia, and Suppuration. 
 
 The French have various distinctive terms for 
 Abscesses. 
 
 Abees Chaud, Aigu, Soudain, is one which fol- 
 lows violent inflammation. 
 
 Abees Froid, Chronique, Scrofuleux, cold, 
 chronic, or scrofulous abscess, one which is the 
 result of chronic or scrofulous inflammation. 
 
 Abces par Congestion, A. diathesique, a sympto- 
 matic abscess ; one which occurs in a part at a 
 distance from the inflammation by which it is 
 occasioned : e. g. a lumbar abscess ; in which the 
 inflammation may be in the lumbar vertebra3, 
 whilst the pus exhibits itself at the groin. 
 
 Abscess, Alvkolar, Parulis — 'a. Cold, see 
 Abscess. 
 
ABSCISSIO PR^PUTII 
 
 22 
 
 ABSUS 
 
 Abscess, Metastat'ic, Alscea'sus metastat'- 
 icuK, (F.) Ahces metastatique, A. consecutif, an 
 abscess which forms suddenly, and sometimes 
 ■without any precursory signs of inflammation, in 
 a part of the body remote from one in a state of 
 suppuration, and without presenting a sufficient 
 reason for its development in the place which it 
 occupies. It is a consequence of phlebitis. 
 
 Abscess, Perforating of the Lung, see 
 Lung, perforating abscess of the — a. Perilaryn- 
 geal, see Perilaryngitis — a. Psoas, Lumbar ab- 
 scess — a. Retropharyngeal, see Retropharyngeal 
 — a. Shirtstud, Abce8 en bouton de chemise. 
 
 Abscessus Capitis Sanguineus NEONATOHmi, 
 Cephala3matoma — a. Cerebri, Encephalopyosis — • 
 a. Gangrsenescens, Anthrax — a. Gangreenosus, 
 Anthrax — a. Lacteus, Mastodynia apostematosa 
 — a. Lumborum, Lumbar abscess — a. Mammae, 
 Mastodynia apostematosa — a. Metastaticus, Ab- 
 scess, metastatic — a. Nucleatus, Furunculus — a. 
 Oeuli, Hypopyon — a. Pectoris, Empyema — a. 
 Pulmonum, Pneumapostema — a. Renalis, Ne- 
 phrapostasis — a. Spirituosus, Aneurism — a. Tho- 
 racis, Empyema — a. Urinosus, Urapostema. 
 AB.SCISSIO PR^PUTII, Circumcision. 
 ABSCIS'SION, Abscis'io, Abscis'sio, from ah- 
 scidere or abseindere, ' to cut off,' Apoc'ope, 
 Apothr-au'sis, Diac'ope. Excision or extirpation 
 of a part, especially of a soft part. — Fabricius 
 Hildanus. 
 
 Fracture or injury of soft parts, with loss of 
 substance. — Hippocrates. 
 
 Diminution, or loss of voice. — Celsus. 
 Sudden and premature termination of a dis- 
 ease. — Galen. 
 
 ABSCOXSIO. Sinus. 
 
 ABSENCE DU BRUIT RESPIRATOIRE, 
 see Murmur, respiratory. 
 
 ABSINTHE, Artemisia absinthium. 
 ABSINTHI'TES, a^Jiv^irni, Apsinthi'tes, Wine 
 impregnated with Absinthium or Wormwood. — 
 Dioscorides. 
 
 _ ABSINTHIUM, (Ph. U. S.,) Artemisia ab- 
 sinthium — a. Marinum, Artemisia maritima — a. 
 Maritimum, Artemisia maritima — a. Ponticum, 
 Artemisia pontica — a. Romanum, Artemisia pon- 
 tica — a. Santonicum, Artemisia santonica — a. 
 Vulgare, Artemisia absinthium. 
 ABSORB ANT, Absorbent. 
 ABSOR'BENT, Absor'bens, from absorbere (ab 
 and sorbere,) 'to drink, to suck up.' (F.) Ab- 
 sorbant. That which absorbs. 
 
 Absorbent Ststem is the collection of vessels, 
 Vasa absorheii'tia seu resorben'tia, and glands, 
 ■ffhich concur in the exercise of absorption. 
 
 A medicine used for absorbing acidity in the 
 stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, &c. In- 
 vei-'tevs, Resor'bens, Sat'waiis, Prmcip'itans. 
 
 Also, any substance, such as cobweb, sponge, 
 &c., which, when applied to a bleeding surface, 
 retains the blood, and forms with it a solid and 
 adhesive compound, which arrests the hemor- 
 rhage. 
 
 ABSORPTIO, Absorption — a. Sanguinis, 
 Hsemorrhophesis. 
 
 ABSORP'TIOX, Abaorp'tio, Resorp'tio, Inha- 
 la'tio, ImbibW'io, Anar'rhophe, Anarrophe'sis, 
 Catapino'sis, Rhoebde'sis, Catarrhophe'sis, Ca- 
 tar'rhophe ; same etymon. The function of ab- 
 sorbent vessels, by virtue of which they take up 
 substances from without or within the body. Two 
 great divisions have been made of this function. 
 1. External absorption, or the absorption of com- 
 position, which obtains, from without the organs, 
 the materials intended for their composition ; 
 and, 2. Internal absorption, or the absorption of 
 decomposition, which takes up from the organs 
 the materials that have to be replaced by the 
 exhalants. 
 
 By external absorption is meant not only that 
 which takes place at the external surface of the 
 body, but also that of the mucous membranes of 
 the digestive and respiratory passages. Hence, 
 again, the division of external absorption into cu- 
 taneous — resorp'tio cuta'nea seu cutis, inhala'tio 
 cutis, — intestinal or digestive, and pulmonary or 
 respiratory. 
 
 Internal absorption is also subdivided into, 
 
 1. 3Iolecular or interstitial, nutritive, organic, or 
 decomposing, which takes up from each organ the 
 materials that constitute it, so that the decompo- 
 sition is always in equiiibrio with the deposition. 
 
 2. The absorption of recrementitial secreted fluida, 
 such as the fluid of serous membranes, synovia, 
 &e. As these are constantly exhaled on surfaces 
 which have no external outlet, they would aug- 
 ment indefinitely, if absorption did not remove 
 them in the same proportion as that in which 
 they are deposited. 3. The absorption of a part 
 of the excrementitial fluids, as they pass over the 
 excretory passages. 
 
 Absorption does not effect the decomposition 
 of the bod}' immediately. It merely prepares the 
 fluid which has to be eliminated by the secretory 
 organs. 
 
 The great agents of external absorption are the 
 veins and chyliferous vessels ; of internal absorp- 
 tion, probably the lymphatics. In the chylife- 
 rous vessels and lymphatics the fluid is always 
 found to possess the same general properties. 
 In them, therefore, an action of elaboration or 
 selection must have taken place. The veins, ou 
 the other hand, seem to exert no selection. Any 
 fluid, possessing the necessary tenuity, passes 
 through the coats of the vessel readily by imbibi- 
 tion, and proceeds along with the torrent of the 
 circulation. Watery fluids in this manner enter 
 the blood when they are taken into the stomach. 
 Substances that require digestion, on the other 
 hand, must pass through the chyliferous vessels 
 and thoracic duct. 
 
 Absorption of Composition, see Absorption — • 
 a. Cutaneous, see Absorption — a. of Decomposi- 
 tion, see Absorption — a. Digestive, see Absorp- 
 tion — a. External, see Absorption — a. of Excre- 
 mentitial Secreted Fluids, see Absorption — a. 
 Internal, see Absorption — a. Intestinal, see Ab- 
 sorption — a. Interstitial, see Absorption — a. 
 Molecular, see Absorption — a. Nutritive, see Ab- 
 sorption — a. Organic, see Absorption — a. Pul- 
 monary, see Absorption — a. of Recrementitial 
 Secreted Fluids, see Absorption — a. Respiratory, 
 see Absorption. 
 
 ABSTEJIE, Abstemious. 
 
 ABSTE'MIOUS, Abste'mius, Aoi'nos, from aba, 
 'without,' and temetum, 'wine.' (F.) Absteme. 
 Used by the ancient writers, as well as by the 
 French, in the sense only of its roots; one who 
 abstains from wine or fermented liquors in 
 general. 
 
 ABSTERGENTIA, Detergents. 
 
 ABSTERSIVA, Detergents, 
 
 ABSTERSORIA, Detergents. 
 
 AB'STINENCE, Abstinen'tia, from als, 'from,' 
 and tenere, 'to hold,' Abroa'ia, Asit'ia, Liman'- 
 chia, Limocton'ia, Fasting. Privation, usually 
 voluntary, as when we speak of abstinence from 
 pleasure, abstinence from drink, &o. It is more 
 particularly used to signify voluntary privation 
 of certain articles of food. Fasting is a useful re- 
 medial agent in certain diseases, particularly in 
 those of an inflammatory character. 
 
 ABSUS, a kind of cassia, 0. Absus, which 
 grows in Egypt and in India, the seeds of which, 
 pulverized and mixed with powdered sugar, have 
 been employed in form of a dry collyrium, in the 
 endemic ophthalmia of Egypt. 
 
ABULIA 
 
 23 
 
 ACCABLEMENT 
 
 ABTJ'LIA; from a, 'privative,' and/?ouA»;, 'will.' 
 Loss of the will, or of volition. 
 
 ABU'LICUS; same etymon. One who has lost 
 the power of will or of volition. 
 
 A BUS BE SOI-M&UE, Masturbation. 
 
 ABUT A (a Guiana name), Pareira brava. 
 
 ABUTILON AVICENN^, A. Corda'tum, Si- 
 da Abu h/on, Indian or Yellow Mallow, Velvet 
 leafy Order, Malvaceae, (from a, privative,' Povg, 
 an ox, and nXo;, < diarrhrea,' that is, 'a remedy 
 tor the diarrhoea of cattle;') is naturalized, and 
 common m most parts of the United States. It 
 resembles common mallow in its properties, being 
 mucilaginous and demulcent. 
 
 ABVACUA'TIO, an excessive or colliquative 
 evacuaUon of any kind. 
 
 oh.t^P^?^l' ^^^- ^-.^-^ ^'""''^ gummi-a. Cate- 
 chu, Catechu-a. False, Robinia pseudo-acacia- 
 a. (rermanica, see Prunus spinosa-a. Giraflfas, see 
 Acac.ae gummi-a. Horrida, see Acacise gummi 
 —a. Indica, Tamarindus-a. Nilotica, see Acaciee 
 gummi— a. Nostras, see Prunus spinosa— a. Sene- 
 gal, see Senegal, gum-a. Vera, see Acaciaj gum- 
 mi-a. Zeylonica, Hfsmatoxylon Campechianum 
 ACACIA GUMMI, Aca'cia, from a.,, 'a 
 point, so called in consequence of its spines G 
 Aca ocBArab'iccB, G. Mimo'scB, G. Arab'icum, G 
 Aeanthinnm, G. Leueum, G. Thcba'icum, G. Se- 
 rapw ms, G. Lamac, G. Senega or Seneca, (see 
 Senegal, gum,) Gum Ar'abic. (F.) Gomm: Ara- 
 hujue The gum of the Aca'cia seu Ilimo'sa 
 iV<fot,ca, Aca'cm vera. Spina ^gyptiaca, of 
 Upper Egypt, Nat. Ord. Mimose^.-'^^^^. S,,H. 
 Polygamia Monoecia. It is in irregular pieces, 
 colourless, or of a pale yellow colour, hard, brittle 
 ot a shining fracture, transparent, soluble in 
 water, and insoluble in alcohol, s. g 1-4317 
 
 It IS mucilaginous ,- but is rarely used, except 
 in pharmacy. Sometimes it is administered alone 
 as a demulcent. 
 
 Acacia Horrida and A. Giraffes, of South 
 Africa, yield a good gum. 
 
 cidlSlk*^^' ^°^ ^°'^''^'' °"^'°^ Anacardium oc 
 ACAJUBA Officinalis, Anacardium oecidentale 
 AOAL YPHA Betuli'na, Cauda feh-a agrestis, 
 {a, privative -caAoj, 'beautiful,' and <S0^, 'touch' 
 IS employed by the natives of India as a stoma- 
 chic and in cho era. It is given in the form of 
 infusion of the leaves. 
 
 Acalypha Hispida, Caturus spiciflorus. 
 *. u^n''''^ In'dica, 'disagreeable to the 
 touch. Cupamem, Order Euphorbiaceaj. A com 
 mon annual in the gardens of India. An infusion 
 of the root, and a decoction of the leaves are 
 cathartic. 
 
 . Acal'yphaVirgin'ica. Three-seeded mer'cury, 
 mdigenous flowering in August, is said to have 
 expectorant and diuretic properties 
 
 ACAM'ATUS, from a, priv., and.,;,va,, 'I la- 
 bour. This word has been sometimes used for 
 a good constitution of the body. According to 
 Galen, it means that position in which a limb is 
 intermediate between flexion and extension • a 
 position which may be long maintained without 
 
 ACAMPSIA, Contractura. 
 ACANOS, Onopordium acanthium — a. Spina 
 Onopordmm acanthium. ^ ' 
 
 vrte.t^.l^^' IT""'^^ •=°'"'^°- ^1««' Spinous 
 process of a vertebra. 
 
 frit^^^'^?^?'^^:^^' ^<=<^n'thulus, Volsel'la, 
 
 J«n.p; f P' J^"" '•<='"«^'°g extraneous sub- 
 
 Stances from wounds.— Paulus of ^gina, Fabri 
 eius ab Aquapendente, Scultetus, <fec 
 ACANTHALZUCA, Echinops 
 
 liul^^^^-^^ ^^^SSE' Heracleum spondy. 
 lartfs!^^^^^"^ I^ECTULARIA, Cimex lectu. 
 
 ACANTHIUM, Onopordium acanthium. 
 
 ACANTHULUS, Aeanthabolus. 
 
 tho'ln M^^^^l^^^^^^' ("'^'"'^«' '^ ^P5ne or 
 thorn, ) same etymon as Acacia. MelamphyV. 
 (urn, Branca nrsi'na seu vera, Branlnu'/ine, 
 Bears Breech. (F.) Pied d'ours. This plant is 
 
 muw""''' ^^^^^''' ^""^ '' "'"'^ ^' '^ 'l^- 
 
 ACAPATLI, Piper longum. 
 
 1,/?^^rr?^^' ^'■°°' "' P"^-' and Kai,\a, 'the 
 neart. liie state of a foetus withoui a heart 
 
 ACARDIOIIJ^'MIA. (F.) Acardiohemie, from 
 a, priv.r Kapita, 'heart,' and <S</.ci ' blood.' Want 
 ot blood in the heart.— Piorry 
 
 ACARDIONER'VIA, (F.) Acardionervie : 
 from a, priv., ,cap<5,a, 'heart;' and vtvpov, 'nerve.' 
 Want of nervous action in the heart as indicated 
 by the sounds ceasing to be audible. 
 
 i^^P^^^/^°^^^^' ^^^^*' atrophy ,f the. 
 yioAiiJii, Acarus. 
 
 AC'ARICIDE, from acanis, and cctdere, 'to 
 kill A destroyer of acari, — as of the acarus 
 
 303-0161, 
 
 ACARICO'BA. The Brazilian name for m,. 
 drocotyle umbella'tum, used by the Indians as 
 an aromatic, alexipharmic, and emetic 
 
 ACARON, Myrica gale. 
 
 ACARP'^, from a, 'privative,' and Kapro;, 
 fruit. A division of the family of cutaneous 
 diseases by Fuchs, in which there is no "fruit" 
 (Germ. Frucht,) or production from the cutane- 
 ous surface— tubercles, vesicles or pustules. 
 Lentigo, Chloasma, Argyria, and Pityriasis be- 
 long to it. 
 
 .4,^'^RUS, from a, privative, and Kap-^g, 'di- 
 visible. (F.) Acare. A minute insect, one spe- 
 cies of which has been noticed, by several obser 
 vers, m the itch. The Acarus Scahiei, see Psora 
 Acarus Giro, see Psora — a. Comedonum," 
 Acarus Folliculorum. 
 
 Ac'ARUS Cros'sei, Crosse mite. An insect sup- 
 posed by Mr. Crosse, of England, to have been 
 developed in a solution of silicate of potassa when 
 submitted to slow galvanic action, for the pur 
 pose of obtaining crystals of silex. It did not 
 however, prove to be a new formation. ' 
 
 Acarus Folliculo'rum, A. Comedo'imm, En- 
 tozo'on seu De'modex seu Simo'nea seu Steatozo'- 
 on folliculo'rum, Macrogas'ter plat'i/pus. An 
 articulated animalcule, discovered in the sebace- 
 ous substance of the cutaneous follicles. Accord- 
 ing to Professor Owen, it belongs to the Ara- 
 chnida. 
 Acarus Scabiei, Acarus, see Psora. 
 ACATALEP'SIA, from a, privative, and Kara- 
 Xapliavio, 'I comprehend.' Uncertainty in dia- 
 gnosis. Its opposite is Catalepsia.— Galen. 
 
 ACATAP'OSIS, from a, privative, and xara- 
 ^o,jig, ' deglutition.' Incapacity of swallowing. 
 Vogel has given this name to difficulty of deelu 
 tition. ° 
 
 ACATASTAT'IC, Acatastat'icus, from a, priv. 
 and Ka^tarriiii, ' to determine.' An epithet given 
 to fevers, &c., when irregular in their periods or 
 symptoms. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ACATHAR'SIA, from a, priv., and Ka^atpi^oi, 
 I purge ;' Sordes, Impurities. Omission of a pur- 
 gative. — Foesius. 
 
 ACATSJAVAL'LT, a Malabar plant, which is 
 astringent and aromatic. A bath of it is used in 
 that country in cases of hemicrania. It is sup- 
 posedjto be the Gassytha filiformis of LiniiEeus. 
 ACAWERIA, Ophiox3'lum serpentinum 
 ACCABLEMENT, Torpor. 
 
ACCELERATEUR 
 
 24 
 
 ACEPHALOGASTER 
 
 ACOSLERATEUR BE L' URINE, Accele- 
 rator urinee. 
 
 ACCELERATOR PARTUS, Abortive. 
 
 Accelera'tor Uri'n^, Bulho-caverno' sus, Bul- 
 ho-uretral — (Ch.), Ejacula'tor Sem'inis, Bidho- 
 syndesmo-caverneux. (F.) Accelerateur de I'urine, 
 Bulho-caverneux, Ano-caverneux, from ad and 
 celer, ' quick/ A muscle of the penis, which 
 arises, fleshy, from the sphincter ani and mem- 
 branous part of the urethra, and tendinous, from 
 the crus and beginning of the corpus caverno- 
 sum penis. In its course it forms a thin, fleshy 
 layer, the inferior fibres of which run more trans- 
 versely than the superior, which descend in an 
 oblique direction; the muscles of both sides com- 
 pletely enclosing the bulb of the urethra. It is 
 ipserted into its fellow by a tendinous line run- 
 ning- longitudinally on the middle of the bulb. 
 Its use is to propel the urine or semen forwards. 
 
 ACCENT, Sonus vocis, from ad and canere, 
 cantum, to sing. Inflection or modification of the 
 voice, which consists in raising or dropping it on 
 certain syllables. 
 
 The accent exhibits various alterations in dis- 
 
 ACCES, Paroxysm. 
 
 ACCES'SION, Acces'sio, from accedo, {ad and 
 cedere,) '1 approach.' The invasion, approach, 
 or commencement of a disease. 
 
 ACOESSOIRE, Accessory — a, du longFUcTiis- 
 seur eommun des orteils : see Flexor longus digi- 
 torum pedis profundus perforans (accessorius) — 
 a. de I' Ohturateur interne^ Ischio-trochanterianus 
 — a. du Pied d' Hippocampe : see Cornu ammonis 
 — a.du Sacro-lomhaire : see Sacro-lumbalis. 
 
 ACCESSORIUS FLEXOR LONGUS DIGI- 
 TORUM PEDIS; see Flexor longus digitorum 
 pedis profundus perforans (accessorius) — a. Pedis 
 hippocampi;— see Cornu ammonis. 
 
 ACCESSORY, Aeceaso'rius, (F.) Aecessoire, 
 Annexe, same etymon. A consequence or de- 
 pendence on any thing; as accessory ligament, 
 muscle, nerve, &c. 
 
 Accessory of the Parot'id is a name given 
 by Haller to a small gland, which accompanies 
 the parotid duct, and is commonly a mere pro- 
 longation of the parotid itself. See Parotid. 
 
 Accessory Sciences to Medicine are those 
 which do not relate directly to the science of 
 man in a state of health or disease ; as physics, 
 chemistry, &c. 
 
 Accessory of the Par Vagtjm, Spinal nerve. 
 
 The term accessory is also given to several 
 muscles. 
 
 ACCESSUS, Coition. 
 
 ACCIDENS, Symptoma — a. Oonsecutifs, Con- 
 secutive phenomena. 
 
 ACCIDENT, Ac'eidens, from accidere, {ad and 
 cadere,) ' to happen.' A casualty ; an unforeseen 
 event. The French — like older English writers 
 — use the term in nearly the same sense as symp- 
 tom. It means also an unexpected symptom. 
 
 ACCIDEN'TAL, Adv^nti" tious. That which 
 happens unexpectedly. 
 
 The French give the name Tissus accidentels 
 to those adventitious textures, that are the result 
 of a morbid process. 
 
 ACCIP'ITER, Hi'erax, 'j£/)af, 'the hawk,' from 
 aeeipere {ad and capio,) 'to take.' Menec'ratis 
 Accip'iter, (F.) Epervier. A bandage applied 
 over the nose, so called from its likeness to the 
 claw of a hawk. 
 
 ACCLI'MATED, Clima'ti assue'tus, (from ad 
 and clima.) A word of recent introduction from 
 the French, which means 'accustomed to a cli- 
 mate.' 
 
 ACCLIMATA'TION, Acclimation. 
 
 ACGLIMATEMENT, Acclimation. 
 
 A CCLIMATION, Seas' oning. rF.) AccUmate- 
 
 ment, Acclimatation. The act of becoming accli« 
 mated or accustomed to a climate. 
 
 The constitution of a person, who goes to live 
 in another and a very difi'erent climate, usually 
 experiences changes, which are frequently of an 
 unfavourable character, and the study of which 
 is of considerable importance in medicine. 
 
 ACCOMPAGNEiMENT DE LA OATA- 
 RACTE, Accompaniment of the cataract. 
 
 ACCOM'PANIMENT, Adjun'ction. (F.) Ac- 
 compagnement, {compagnon, ' an associate'). That 
 which is joined to any thing. 
 
 Accompaniment to the cataract, (F.) Accom- 
 pagnement de la cataracte, is a whitish, viscid 
 substance, which sometimes surrounds the opake 
 crystalline lens, and remains after the operation 
 for cataract, causing a secondary cataract. 
 ACOOUCHEE, Puerpera. 
 ACCOUCHEMENT, Parturition — a. Labori- 
 ous, Dystocia — a. eontre Nature, see Presentation, 
 preternatural — a. Lahorieux, Laborious labour, 
 — a. Provoque, see Parturition. 
 
 ACCOUCHEUR, (F.) Adju'tor Partes, Oh- 
 stet'ricans, Obstetri" cius, Maieu'ter, Maieu'tes. 
 He who practices the art of midwifery. A physi- 
 cian-Accoucheur, a Surg eon- Accoucheur, a Alan- 
 midwife, &c. 
 ACCOUCHEUSE, Midwife. 
 ACCOUPLEMENT, Coition. 
 ACCOUTUMANCE, Habit. 
 ACCRE'TION, Accre'tio, from ad, 'to,' and 
 crescere, 'to increase.' Augmentation; (F.) Ac- 
 eroissement ; also, increase by juxtaposition. 
 ACGR0ISSE3IENT, Accretion, Increase. 
 ACCUSATIO, Indication. 
 
 ACE'DIA, Incu'ria, from a, privative, and 
 Kri^oi, ' care.' Want of care, neglect. Also, fa- 
 tigue. — Hippocrates. 
 ACELLA, Axilla. 
 ACEOGNOSIA, Pharmacognosia, 
 ACEOLOGIA, Materia Medica. 
 ACEPHALE, Acephalous. 
 ACEPHALH^E'MIA, (F.) Acephalhimie, from 
 a, priv., K£(pa\ri, 'head,' and aijia, ' blood.' Want 
 of blood in the encephalon. — Piorry. 
 ACEPHALIA, see Acephalous. 
 ACEPHALIE, see Acephalous. 
 ACEPHALOBRA'CHUS, from a, privative, 
 KC(l)a\ri, 'head,' and fipaj(^i(j>v, .'arm.' A foetus 
 without head or arms. 
 
 ACEPHALOCAR'DIA, from a, priv., tK<pa\v, 
 ' head,' and Kap&ia, ' heart.' Monstrosity in which 
 there is absence of head and heart. 
 
 ACBPHALOCHI'RUS, from a, privative, kc- 
 (paXri, 'head,' and x^'P> 'hand.' A foetus without 
 head or hands. 
 
 ACEPH'ALOCTST, Acephalocys'tis, (F.) Ace- 
 phalocyste, from a, privative, Kt(j)a\ri, 'head,' and 
 KViTig, ' bladder.' A hydatiform vesicle, without 
 head or visible organs, ranked amongst the Ento- 
 zoa, although possessed of few animated charac- 
 teristics. In no organ of the body are acepha- 
 locysts so frequently found as in the liver. Gene- 
 rally it is the ' multiple acephalocyst,' A. socia'- 
 lis seu prolif'era, which is met with. At times, 
 however, it is the 'solitary acephalocyst,' A. 
 eremi'ta seu ster'ilis. 
 
 The acephalocystis endog"ena has a firm coat, 
 and is composed of difi'erent layers, which have 
 numbers of smaller hydatids within them, and 
 are thrown off" from the interior of the parent 
 cyst. This species has hence been termed en- 
 dogena, to distinguish it from the A. exog"ena 
 of ruminant animals, in which the young vesicles 
 are developed from the exterior of the parent 
 vesicles. — See Hydatid. 
 
 ACEPHALOGAS'TER, Athoracoeeph'alus, 
 from a privative, K£(paXri, 'head,' and yaarrip, 'the 
 
ACEPHALOPODUS ; 
 
 belly.' A name given to monsters devoid of head, 
 chest, and abdomen; or to those which have an 
 abdomen, but no chest or head. 
 
 ACEPHALOP'ODUS, from a, priv., Ke<t>a^^, 
 'head,' and -jrovg, voSos, 'foot.' A monster devoid 
 of head and feet. The condition is called Acepha- 
 lopod'ia. 
 
 ACEPHALORA'CHIA, from a, priv., ^.^aA;,, 
 'head,' and paxn, 'spine.' Monstrosity in which 
 there is absence of head and spine 
 
 ACEPHALOS'TOMA,from a, privative, Kt<pa\n, 
 'head/ and orro/xa, 'mouth.' An acephalous fcetus 
 at the upper part of which there is an openins; 
 resembling a mouth. 
 
 ACEPHALOTHORA'CIA, from a, privative, 
 KE.<pa\ix, 'head,' and ^upa^, 5a./)a«:oc, 'thorax' 
 Monstrosity in which there is absence of head 
 and chest. 
 
 ACEPHALOTHO'RUS, from a, privative 
 K€(pa\r,, 'head,' and ,Ja)paf, ' chest,' Apectocejih'alus. 
 A monster devoid of head or chest. 
 < -^^^PH'ALOUS, from a, privative, and Kt(pa\r,, 
 head. (E.) Acephale. A monster born devoid 
 Qf head. The condition is called Acepha'lia (F ) 
 Acephalie. ■ v v 
 
 ACER, Acrid. 
 
 Acer Palmipolium, A. Saccharinum. 
 Acer Pennsyltan'icum, StHped Maple, 
 iitnped Bogivood. A decoction of the bark has 
 been used internally and externally in cutaneous 
 affections ; and a decoction of the leaves and twi-^s 
 IS said to relieve nausea and vomiting. " 
 
 Acer Rubrum, Bed Maple; Indigenous. The 
 inner bark is a mild astringent. The Indians 
 use a decoction of it for sore eyes. 
 
 Acer Sacchari'num, A. palmlfo'lium. Maple, 
 Sugar Maple. (F.) Brable, Ord., Aceraceaj. This 
 tree contains a large amount of sweet sap, whence 
 a considerable quantity of sugar may be extracted. 
 When purified, this sugar can scarcely be distin- 
 guished from that obtained from the cane.— See 
 Saeeharum. 
 
 ACERA'TES Longifo'lia, Long-leaved green 
 M-ilkweed; Order, Aselepiadaceje ; indigenous 
 flowering in June and July; has the properties 
 oi the order. See Asolepias. 
 
 ACERATO'SIS, from a, privative, and Ktpai 
 Kt^aroi, 'horn.' Defective development of the 
 corneous tissue. 
 
 ^ ACERB', Acer'hua, Stryphnos, from ncer, 
 sharp. A savour, or taste, compounded of the 
 acid, bitter, and astringent; such as is met with 
 in unripe fruits, &c. 
 
 ACER'CUS, from a, privative, and /ctp^y 'a 
 tail. A monster devoid of tail.— Gurlt. 
 
 ACE'RIDES, Acero'des, from a, privative, and 
 ''T6^l0T>J,\t:-,tr^ °' wax._Galen. 
 
 ACERO'SUS, Achyro'des, PHliyri'nus, from 
 axvpoy, chaff.' Furfara'ceoua. An epithet used 
 by Hippocrates for the coarsest bread, made of 
 flour not separated from the chaff.— Eoesius 
 
 ACERVULUS CEREBRI. See Pineal Gland 
 ~A"m?^'^ ""^ Pinealis, see Pineal Gland. 
 
 ACES'CENCY, Acesceti'tia, from acescere, ' to 
 grow sour, (aKi?, 'a point,' acer, 'sharp.') A dis- 
 position to acidity. The humourists believed that 
 ^^\^^^,l^y^'^ouTs are susceptible of this change. 
 ACESIA, Cure. * 
 
 ACESINOSUS, Curative. 
 '^^?oJ?' duration, Cure, Medicament. 
 ACESMA, Medicament. 
 ACESMIUS, Curable. 
 ACESMUS, Cure. 
 ACESODYiSrES. Anodyne. 
 ACESOPHORUS, Curative. 
 ACESTER, Physician. 
 ACESTIS, Medicament. 
 ACESTOR, Physician. 
 2 
 
 i^ ACETONE 
 
 ACESTORIA, Medicine. 
 
 ACESTORIS, Midwife. 
 
 ACESTOS, Curable. 
 
 ACESTRA, Needle. 
 
 ACESTRIA, Midwife. 
 
 ACESTRIS, Midwife 
 
 ACESTRUM, Medicament. 
 
 f CETA MEDICATA, Acetica. 
 
 tpFTlln^riFr^^^^^^^' Cotyledons. 
 ' vfnpf "^ K^^^^^^-' (^'-^ A<^etahde, from aeetum, 
 ZTI ' . f"'' '^ resembles the old vinega 
 vessel oxyhaph'ton. A measure capable of con- 
 taining the eighth part of a modern pint.-Atbe- 
 
 rrt!ir l^^^T.. ^'' ^°*^^°"'- According to 
 Castelh, the lobes or cotyledons of the placenta; 
 ot ruminating animals have been so called 
 
 Acetabulum, Cotyle, see Cotyloid-a. Humeri, 
 see Glenoid— a. Marinum, Umbilicus marinus. 
 
 ACETA'RIA, same etymon. A salad or 
 pickle. 
 
 ACETAS, Acetate. 
 
 AC'ETATE, Aee'tas. (F.) Aeetafe. A salt 
 tormed by the union of the acetic acid with an 
 alkaline, earthy, or metallic base. The acetates 
 chiefly used in medicine are the acetates of am- 
 monia, lead, potash, and zinc. 
 
 ACE'TICA, Ace'ta Bfedica'ta. (P.) Vinaigres 
 Medicinaux. Pharmaceutical preparations of 
 vinegar. 
 
 ACE'TICUM AC'IDUM, Aoidnm Ace'tienm 
 Jor tins sen forte seu pnrwn sen glaeia'le, Ace'- 
 t''>^rad^ca'le, O.xos, Ace'tic Acid, Strong Ace'tovs 
 Acid AcidumAceto'sum forte, Rad'ical Vin'eqar 
 Spirjtus Ven'eris (when made from verdigris,) 
 i>prrH of Verdigris. Concentrated acetic acid 
 prepared by decomposing an acetate and receiv- 
 ing the acetic acid by distillation, has a very 
 pungent and grateful odour, and an acid and 
 acrid taste Its s. g. is about 1.046, and it is 
 very volatile. 
 
 _ It is stimulant, rubefacient, and escharotic, and 
 IS applied to the nostrils in syncope, asphyxia, 
 headache, &c. It destroys warts. ' ' ^ "^ ' 
 _ An Aromatic Spirit of Vinegar, Ac"idum Ace'- 
 ileum Lamphora'tum, A. aceto'^vm camphor a' turn, 
 
 MeolT^''^'" '"'""' ""'^' ^^^' ^«"'^^^'''-' ^^' 
 A strong Acetic Acid was ordered by the Lon- 
 don pharmacopoeia, prepared from wood. It was 
 called Vinegar of wood, Improved distilled Vine- 
 gar, Pyrolig'neous Acid, Ace'tum Ligno'rnm, and 
 Its strength was such, that 87 gr. of crystallized 
 subearbonate of soda should saturate 100 o-rains 
 of the acid. 
 
 Ac"idum Ace'tieum. Bilu'tum, A. A. fen'ue sen 
 debiluis, Ace'tum destilla'tum, Acidum ace'tieum, 
 Acidwn aceto'eum. destilla'tum. Distil' led vin'egar, 
 (F.) Acide Acetique faible, Vinaigre distill), is 
 prepared by distilling vinegar, until seven-eighths 
 have passed over. An Acidum aceticum dilutum. 
 Diluted acetic acid, is made by mixing a pint of 
 the strong acetic acid with seven pints of distilled 
 water— Ph. U. S. Its properties are like those 
 ot vinegar. 
 
 AcETicuir Martiale, Perri Acetas. 
 
 AOJETOLAT, (F.) from acetum, vinegar. A 
 liquid medicine resulting from the distillation of 
 vinegar on one or more aromatic vegetable sub- 
 stances, and which are formed of vinegar and 
 essential oils, or other volatile principles.— Beral 
 
 ACETOLATURE, same etymon. A tincture,' 
 formed by digesting a vegetable substance or sub- 
 stances^in vinegar. — Beral. 
 _ ACETOLE, same etymon, OxeoU. A medi- 
 cine, formed of distilled vinegar and medicinal 
 principles dissolved in it.— Beral. 
 
 ACET03IEL, Oxymel. 
 
 ACETONE; Ac"eton, from acetum, 'vinegar- 
 
ACETOSA ALPINA 
 
 26 
 
 ACHILLEA AGERATUM 
 
 Spir'itiis pyro-ace'ti'ciis h'gno'sns, Pyro-ace'lio 
 spirit, Pyyo-ace'tic Ether, Mesit'ic Al'cohol, 
 Bihydrate of ilesit'ylene, (F.) Acetone; errone- 
 ously called Naphtha and Wood Naphtha. By- 
 others, however, the terms are applied to Py- 
 roxylic Spirit. A limpid, colourless liquid, hav- 
 ing a peculiarly penetrating and slightly empy- 
 reumatio odour. Its density in the liquid state, 
 is almost the same as that of alcohol, 0.7921. Its 
 taste is disagreeable, and analogous to that of 
 peppermint. It is miscible in all proportions 
 with water, alcohol, and ether. It may be pre- 
 pared by distilling a mixture of two parts of 
 crystallized acetate of lead and one part of quick- 
 lime in a salt-glaze jar (gray-beard,) the lower 
 part of the jar being coated with fire-clay; and 
 a bent glass tube, half an inch in diameter, 
 adapted to the mouth by a cork, so as to form a 
 distillatory apparatus. The jar is supported on 
 the mouth of a small furnace, by which the lower 
 part only is heated to redness, and the vapours 
 are conducted into a Liebig's condenser. The 
 product is repeatedly redistilled from quicklime, 
 until its boiling point is constant at 132°. 
 
 It has been brought forward as a remedy in 
 phthisis pulmonalis; but evidently with un- 
 founded pretensions. It is an excitant, and may 
 be serviceable in chronic bronchitis. The dose 
 is ten to forty drops three times a day, diluted 
 with water. 
 
 ACETOSA ALPINA, Rumex alpinus — a. 
 Nostras, Rumex acetosa — a. Pratensis, Rumex 
 acetosa — a. Romana, PbUmex scutatus — a. Ro- 
 tundifolia, Rumex scutatus — a. Scutata, Rumex 
 scutatus — a. Vulgaris, Rumex acetosa. 
 ACETOSELLA, Oxalis acetosella. 
 ACE'TUM, oloi, Ojlos, Ace'tum Vini seu Bri- 
 tnn'nicum seu Gal'licum, Common Vinegar, Aei- 
 dum aceto'sum, A'legar, Ace'tum Cerevis'icB, (F.) 
 Vinaigre ; from okis, 'a point,' acer, 'sharp.' A 
 liquor obtained by the acetous fermentation. 
 Vinegar has a pungent odour, and a pleasant acid 
 taste. One fluid ounce of the Acetum of the 
 United States Pharmacopoeia is saturated by 
 about 35 grains of crystallized bicarbonate of 
 soda. It is refrigerant in fevers ; antiseptic, and 
 anti-narcotic; and externally is stimulant and 
 discutient. 
 
 Vinegar Whey is made by stirring a small 
 wineglassful of vinegar, sweetened with a dessert 
 spoonful of sugar, in a pint of milk ; boiling for 
 fifteen minutes, and straining. Like tamarind 
 whey it is an agreeable drink in febrile affections. 
 Ace'tum Aromat'icum, A. Theriaca'le seu 
 quatuor fnrum, Acidum Ace'ticum Aromat'icum, 
 Thieves' Vinegar, Vinegar of the four Thieves, 
 Marseilles Vinegar, (F.) Vinaigre Aromatique, 
 V. des quatre voletirs, [Rorismarin. cacum. sice, 
 Fol. Salvia sing. ^j. Lavand. flor. sice. ^'iv. Ca- 
 ryoph. cont. ^ss. Acid. Acet. Oij. Macerate 7 days, 
 and filter. — Ph. E.) Odour, pungent and aroma- 
 tic. U.sed as a perfume. 
 
 Acetum Britannicum, Acetum. 
 Ace'tum Canthae'idis, Vitiegar of Cantha- 
 rides, {Cantharid. in pulv. ,^iij. Acid. acet. f^v.. 
 Acid, pyrolign. f^^xv: Euphorh. in pulv. crass, 
 ^ss. Mix the acids; add the powders; macerate 
 for seven days ; strain ; express strongly, and 
 filter the liquor. — Ph._E. The London College 
 macerates cantharid. ^ij in acid. acet. Oj. (Imp. 
 meas.) for eight days : expresses and strains.) It 
 is used as a prompt vesicant. 
 
 Ace'tum Col'chici, Vinegar of meadow saffron. 
 (Colchie. rad. contus. ^ij ; Acid, acetic, diliit. vel 
 Acet. destillat. Oij ; Ph. U. S. 1851. It may also 
 be made by displacement.) It is used as a diu- 
 retic, and also in gout. Dose f^Jss. to fj^iss. 
 
 Acetum Destillatum; see Aceticum acidum 
 — a. GaUicum, Acetum — a. Lignorum : see Ace- 
 
 ticum acidum — a. Mulsum dulce, Oxyglycus — a, 
 Opii, GuttEe Nigrse — a. Plumbioum seu Saturni- 
 num. Liquor Plumbi subacetatis — a. Quatuor 
 furum, Acetum Aromaticum — a. Radicale, Aceti- 
 cum Acidum — a. Rosatum, Oxyrrhodinon. 
 
 Acetum ScilLtE, Acidum Ace'ticum Scillit'- 
 icum, Vinegar of Squills, (F.) Vinaigre scilli- 
 tique, {ScillcB contus. ^iv; Acet. destillat. Oij: 
 Ph. U. S. It may also be made by displace- 
 ment.) Diuretic, expectorant, and emetic. Dose 
 f^ss to gij as a diuretic and expectorant. It- 
 may also be made by the process of displacement. 
 Acetum Theriacale, Acetum aromaticum. 
 ACEYTE BE SAL. A remedy for broncho- 
 cele used in S. America. Roulin found it to con- 
 tain a portion of iodine. 
 
 ACHACANA. A species of cactus, in the pro- 
 vince of Potosi in Peru. Its root is thick and 
 fleshy, and of a conical shape. It is a good edi- 
 ble, and is sold in the markets of the country. 
 ACHALYBHEMIE. See Chlorosis. 
 ACHANACA. A plant of the kingdom of 
 Mely in Africa. It is used by the natives as an 
 antisyphilitie. 
 
 ACHAOVAN, a species of Egyptian chamo- 
 mile. — Prosper Alpinus. 
 
 ACHAOVAN-ABIAT. The Egyptian name 
 of Cineraria maritima, used in female diseases. 
 ACHAR, Atchar. 
 ACHE, Pain. 
 
 A CHE, Apium graveolens — a, des Montagnes, 
 Ligusticum levisticum. 
 
 ACHEI'LIA, Achi'lia, from a, priv., and ;!^£iXos, 
 'lip.' A malformation, consisting in a deficiency 
 of a lip or lips. 
 
 ACIIEI'LUS, Achi'lus: same etymon. One 
 who is without lips. 
 
 ACHEIR, Achir, Be'manus, from a, privative, 
 and x^'P' 'hand.' One devoid of hands. — Galen. 
 ACHEI'RIAy Achi'ria: same etymon. The 
 state of being devoid of hands. 
 ACIIEROIS, Populus. 
 
 ACHIA, Achiar. A name given In India t* 
 the pickled shoots of the bamboo. 
 Achia, Atchar. 
 ACHIAR, Achia. 
 
 ACHIC'OLUM, Achit'ohig, Hidrote'rion, Su^ 
 da'rium, Fornix, Tholns, Sudato'rium, Su'datory 
 Siceating-house, Sweating-hath. The eweating- 
 room in the ancient bagnios. 
 ACHILIA, Acheilia. 
 
 ACHILLE, TENDON D\ Achillis tendo. 
 ACHILLE'A AGE'RATUM, A. visco'sa, Bal- 
 sami'ta fosmin' ea, Eupato'rium mes'ues, Age'ra- 
 tum, Cos'tus horto'ruin minor, Ilaudlin, Ilaudlin 
 Tansey ; (F.) Achillee Visquense / Ord. Compo- 
 sita3 ; Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia Super- 
 flua, — has the same properties as tansey, bitter 
 and aromatic, and is used in like afi"ections. 
 
 Achille'a Atra'ta, Herha Gen'ipi veri, (F.) 
 Achillee Noire, has similar virtues. 
 
 Achille'a Millefo'lium, Achille'a Myrio- 
 phyl'lon, Chrysoc'oma, Millefo'lium, Chiliophyl'- 
 lon, Lumbus Ven'eris, Common Yarrow or Mil- 
 foil. (F.) Millefeuille, Hcrhe aux charpentiers. 
 The leaves and flowers have an aromatic smell, 
 and a rough, bitterish, somewhat pungent taste. 
 They have been used in dyspepsia, flatulence, 
 hemorrhage, &c. An extract of the plant, made 
 with proof spirit, has been called Achille'i'num ; 
 and is used by the Italians in intermittent fever. 
 Achille'a Moscha'ta, an Alpine plant, has 
 been esteemed diaphoretic and vulnerary (?) A 
 volatile oil called Esprit d'lva, is obtained from 
 it in Switzerland, which is much prized for its 
 musky odour. It is said, by Merat and De Lens, 
 to be the Genipi of the Savoyards, which is usu- 
 ally referred to Artemisia rupestris. 
 1 Achille'a Ptar'mica, Ptar'mica, P. Vulga'- 
 
ACHILLEE NOIRE 
 
 ACID 
 
 n«, Pseudopy'rethrum, Pyrethrwn sylves'tre, 
 Draco sylves'tris, Tarchon sylrestris, Sternuta- 
 inenio'ria, Dracun' cuius Praten'sis, Sneeze-xoort, 
 Bastard Pel'litory. (F.) Hcrbe d eternuer. The 
 roots and flowers have a hot, biting taste, ap- 
 proaching that of pyrethrum. Their principal 
 use is as a masticatory and sialogogae. 
 
 Achillea Viscosa, A. Ageratum. 
 
 ACHILLEE NOIRE, Achillea atrata — a. 
 Visqueune, Achillea ageratum. 
 
 ACHILLEINUM, see Achillea Millefolium. 
 
 ACHILLE'IS. A beautiful species of barley, 
 mentioned by Theophrastus and Galen, called 
 after Achilles, a labourer. The decoction was 
 used in fevers and jaundice. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ACHILLEUM, Telepheum. 
 
 ACHIL'LIS TEXDO, Funis Hippoc'ratis, 
 Oorda seu Chorda Hippoc'ratis, Corda magna, 
 Nervus latus, (F.) Tendon d'AchiUe. The strong 
 tendon of the gastrocnemii muscles above the 
 heel : so called, because it was the only vulner- 
 able part of Achilles, or because of its strength. 
 See Tendon. 
 
 ACHILUS, Aeheilus. 
 
 ACHIMBASSI. An archiater or chief of phy- 
 sicians. A name given, at Grand Cairo, to a 
 magistrate who licenses physicians. 
 
 ACHIR, Aeheir. 
 
 ACHIRIA, Acheiria. 
 
 ACHITOLUS, Achicolum. 
 
 ACHLYS, Caligo. 
 
 ACHMELLA, Spilanthus acmella. 
 
 AGHNE. Lint. See Linteum. Also, small 
 mucous flocculi seen in front of the cornea. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 ACHOL'IA, from a, privative, and X"^^' 'bile.' 
 Deficiency or want of bile. Also, Asiatic cholera. 
 
 A'CHOLUS : same etymon. One deficient in 
 bile. 
 
 ACHOR, Porrigo larvalis. 
 
 ACHO'RES. A term often employed by the 
 ancients to designate both crusta lac'tea, and 
 email superficial ulcerations on the skin of the 
 face and head. See Porrigo Larvalis. 
 
 AcHORES Capitis, Porrigo scutulata. 
 
 ACHORION SCHONLEINL See Porrigo fa- 
 vosa. 
 
 ACHORIS'TUS, from a, priv., and 'x<^pi(,<^, ' I 
 separate.' Any sign which necessarily accompa- 
 nies a state of health or disease. 
 
 ACHOUROU. The Caraib name for a species 
 of myrtle used in dropsy. 
 
 ACHRAS AUSTRALIS, Sapota — a. Sapota, 
 Sapota — a. Zapota, Sapota, 
 
 ACHROI, Ashrom.atis'ti, AcJiro'mati, AcJiro'mi, 
 from a, privative, and ;;^;(3u/ja, 'colour.' Pale indi- 
 viduals. — Hippocrates. It is nearly synonymous 
 with \u(paijiLOL, leiphoi'mi, persons without colour; 
 bloodless. 
 
 ACHRO'MA, Chloasma album, Leucopathi'a 
 partia'lis acquis'ita. Partial privation of colour 
 of the skin. 
 
 ACHROMASIA, Decoloration. 
 
 ACHROMATI, Achroi. 
 
 ACHROMAT'IC.AcAroma^'i'cua: same etymon. 
 A lens, so constructed as to correct the aberration 
 of refrangibility of common lenses, is so termed. 
 The CrxjHtnlUne is an achromatic lens. 
 
 ACHROMATISTL Achroi. 
 
 ACHROMATOPSIA, Achromatop'sy, Chroma- 
 topseudop'sia, Chromatometahlep' sia, Dyschroma- 
 top'sia, Parachro'ma, Pseudoehro'inia, Parora'- 
 sis, Visus de'color, Colour blindness, Idiopt'cy, 
 Dal'tonism, from «, privative, y^jjiDjia, 'colour,' 
 and oTTofjai, '1 see.' Incapability of distinguish- 
 ing colours; a defect situate in the cerebral part 
 of the visual organ. Persons so circumstanced 
 have been termed, by Mr. AVhewell, Idiopts. See 
 Acyanoblopsia and Anerythropsia, 
 
 ACHROMI, Achroi. 
 
 ACHROMODERiMIE, see Albino. 
 
 ACHROMOTRICHOMIE, see Albino. 
 
 AOHRYSTALLODIAPHANIE, see Cata- 
 ract. 
 
 ACHYLO'SIS, from a, privative, and ;;^tjAo;, 
 'juice, chyle.' Defective chylosis or formation 
 of chyle. 
 
 ACHYMO'SIS, from a, privative, and %i'/JOf, 
 'juice, chyme.' Defective chymification. 
 
 ACHYRAN'THES REPENS, Illke'brur,, po- 
 lygonoides. Forty Knot; indigenous. Order, 
 Amaranthacege. A decoction of the plant ii 
 drunk as a diuretic in dropsy, ischuria, &c. 
 
 ACHYRODES, Acerosus. 
 
 ACHYRON, Furfur. 
 
 A'CIA, from axif, a point. A word used by 
 Celsus, which has puzzled commentators, — some 
 believing it to have meant a needle ; others the 
 thread; and others, again, the kind of suture. 
 "Ac-?'n mollis, non nimis torta." — Celsus, Galen. 
 (Chifflet thinks it meant the thread. — Antwerp, 
 1638.) 
 
 ACID, Ae"idns, Oxys. (P.) Acide, Aigre, from 
 aKig, aKtSos, 'a point;' sharp; sour; especially as 
 applied to odorous or sapid substances. The 
 French also use the term aigre, when referring 
 to the voice, in the sense of sharp and shrill : — 
 as tine voix aigre, vox aspera. 
 
 Acid, Acetic, Aceticum aeidum — a. Acetic, of 
 commerce, Pyroligneous acid — a. Acetic, dilute, 
 see Aceticum aeidum — a. Acetous, strong, Ace- 
 ticum aeidum — a. Aerial, Carbonic acid — a. 
 Antimonious, Antimonium diaphoreticum — a. 
 Arsenious, Arsenicum album— a. Auric, see Gold 
 — a. Azotic, Nitric acid — a. Benzoic, Benjamin, 
 flowers of — a. Benzuric, Hippuric acid — a. Bezo- 
 ardic. Uric acid — a. Boric, Boracic acid — a. Cal- 
 careous, Carbonic acid — a. Calculous, Uric acid. 
 
 Acid, Careazot'ic, Ac"idum Carbazot'icum, 
 Carboni' trio or Picric acid. Welter's Bitter, (F.) 
 Acide Oarbrizotique. «This acid is frequently 
 formed by the action of concentrated nitric acid 
 on animal and vegetable substances. It, as well 
 as the carbazotates, is tonic and astringent. 
 
 Acid, Carbonaceous, Carbonic acid — a. Car- 
 bonitric. Acid Carbazotic — a. Carbonous, Oxalic 
 acid — a. Caseic, Lactic acid — a. Chromic, see 
 Chromic acid — a. Citric, Citric acid — a. Crotonic, 
 see Croton tiglium — a. Cyanhydric, Hydrocyanic 
 acid — a. Cyanohydric, Hj'drocyanic acid — a. Ga- 
 lactic, Lactic acid- — a. Gastric, Gastric juice. 
 
 Acid, Gallic, Ac"idum Gall'icnm. (F.) Acide 
 Gallique. This acid is found in most of the astrin- 
 gent plants that contain tannic acid of the kind 
 obtained from galls. It is in delicate silky nee- 
 dles, usually somewhat yellowish, inodorous, and 
 of a harsh, somewhat astringent taste. It dis- 
 solves in one hundred parts of cold and three 
 parts of boiling water. It is very soluble in alco- 
 hol, and but slightly so in ether. 
 
 It has been highly extolled in internal hemor- 
 rhage, especially from the urinary organs and 
 uterus. Dose from ten to twenty grains. 
 
 The last Pharmacopoeia of the United States 
 (1851) directs it to be made by exposing a thin 
 paste of powdered galls and distilled water for a 
 month, adding the water from time to time to pre- 
 serve the consistence; expressing the paste; 
 boiling the residue in distilled water; filtering 
 through animal charcoal, and crystallizing. 
 
 Acid, Hippq'ric, Ac"idum Hippu'rieurn, Uro- 
 ben'zoic, U'rino-benzo'ic or Benzu'rio acid. An 
 acid found in the urine of graminivorous animnls. 
 It is contained in human urine, especially after 
 benzoic acid has been taken. See Ilippuria. 
 
 Acid, IIydriod'ic, Ac"idnm Ilydriod' icum. 
 This acid is made by mixing solutions of iodide 
 of potassium and tartaric acid; filtering the liquor 
 
ACIDE ACETIQUE FAIBLE 2 8 
 
 ACIDUM ACETICUM 
 
 to separate the bita.rtrate of potassa, and adding 
 water to make the resulting hydriodic acid of 
 definite strength. 
 
 It has been used in the same cases as the pre- 
 parations of iodine in general, but is rarely em- 
 ployed. 
 
 Acii), Hydrochloronitric, Nitro-muriatic acid 
 — a. Ilydrocya?^, Hydrocyanic acid — a. Hydro- 
 cyanic, dilute, see Hydrocyanic acid — a. Hydro- 
 sulphuric, Hydrogen, sulphuretted — a. Hydrothi- 
 onic, Hydrogen, sulphuretted — a. Igasuric : see 
 Jatropha curcas. 
 
 Acid, Iodic, Ac"idum lod'fcum, (F.) Acide 
 lodique. This is obtained by boiling iodine with 
 nitric acid; or by decomposing iodate of baryta 
 by dilute sulphuric acid. It is a white, transpa- 
 rent solid, slightly deliquescent, and very soluble 
 in water. It has been given with sulphate of 
 quinia iu hoarseness, scrofula, incipient phthisis, 
 chronic inflammation, syphilis, etc. Dose three 
 to six grains, or more. 
 
 Acid, Lactic, see Lactic acid. 
 
 Acid of Lemons, Citric acid- — a. Lithenic, Uric 
 acid — -a. Lithiasio, Uric acid — a. Lithic, Uric acid 
 — a. Marine Dephlogisticated, Chlorine — a. Lac- 
 tie, Lactic acid — a. Marine dulcified, Spiritus 
 Eetheris muriatici — a. Mephitic, Carbonic acid — 
 a. of Mill<, Lactic acid — a. Muriatic, see Muria- 
 ticum acidum — a. Muriatic, dilute, Muriaticum 
 acidum — a. Nanceic, Lactic acid — a. Nitric, see 
 Nitric acid — a. Nitric, dilute, see Nitric acid — 
 a. Nitro-hydrochloric, Nitro-Uiuriatic acid — a. 
 Nitro-muriatic, see Nitro-muriatic acid — a. Ni- 
 trous, dephlogisticated, Nitric acid — a. Oxysep- 
 tonic, Nitric acid — a. Picric, Acid, earbazotic 
 — a. Polygalic, see Polygala senega — a. Prus- 
 sic, Hydrocyanic acid — a. Pyroligneous, see Ace- 
 ticuDi acidum — a. Pyrolignic, Pyroligneous acid 
 — a. Rosacic, see Porphyruria — a. of Sorrel, Oxa- 
 lic acid— a. of Sugar, Oxalic acid — a. Sulphhydrie, 
 Hydrogen sulphuretted — a. Sulpho-hydric, Hy- 
 drogen sulphuretted — a.. Sulphuric, see Sul- 
 phuric acid — -a. Tannic, Tannin — a. Uric, Uric 
 acid — a. Urino-benzoic, Acid, hippurie — a. Uro- 
 benzoic, A. Hippurie — a. Urous, Uric oxide — a. 
 Urylic, Uric acid. 
 
 ACIDE ACETIQUE FAIBLE, see Aceticum 
 acidum — a. Azotiqtie, Nitric acid — a. Boraeique, 
 Boracic acid — a. Chromiqne, Chromic acid — o. 
 Gallique, Acid, gallic — a. Hydrocyanique, Hydro- 
 cyanic acid — a. Hydvosulfurique, Hydrogen, sul- 
 phuretted — a. lodique, Acid, iodic — a. Lactiqne, 
 Lactic acid — a. Nitrique, Nitric acid — a. Phos- 
 phoriqne. Phosphoric acid — a. Prussique, Hydro- 
 cyanic acid — n. Pyroacetique, Pyroligneous acid 
 — a. Pyrolignique, Pyroligneous acid — a. Sul/u- 
 reitx, Sulphurous acid — a. Sulfuriqiie, Sulphuric 
 acid — a. Sulfurique delaye, Sulphuricum acidum 
 dilutum — a. Tannique, Tannin — a. Tartrique, 
 Tartaric acid — a. TJrique, Uric acid. 
 
 ACIDITATIO, Acidities. 
 
 ACID'ITIES, Aco'rcH, Acidita'tio, Ae"idum 
 morbo' sum sen prima' rum via' rum, Ox'ytes, Sordes 
 ac'idcB, (F.) Aigreurs. Sourness of the stomach, 
 the result of indigestion, indicated by acid eruc- 
 tations, etc. The afi'ection is very common in 
 children, and must be obviated by absorbents, 
 as raa.o;nesia, chalk, etc., and by regulated diet. 
 
 AOIDOLOG"IA, from axis, aKi&og, 'a, point, a 
 sharp instrument,' and Xoyos, 'a, description.' A 
 description of surgical instruments. 
 
 ACIDOM'ETER, (F.) Acidometre, Pese-acide, 
 from acid, and nerpov, 'measure.' A hydrometer 
 for determining the density of acids. 
 
 ACIDS, Ac"ida, Aco'res, are liquid, solid, or 
 gaseous bodies, possessed of a sour, more or less 
 caustic taste, and the principal character of which 
 is the capability of saturating, wholly or in part, 
 the alkaline properties of bases. 
 
 Acids, in general, are refrigerant and antisep- 
 tic. Their particular uses are pointed out under 
 the individual articles. 
 
 To ACID'ULATE, (F.) Aiguiser, Aciduler. 
 To render acidulous, or slightly acid. 
 
 ACID'ULOUS, Acid'ulus, Suba"cidus, Oxo'des, 
 Oxoi'des, (F.) Acidule, Aigrelet. Substances are 
 so called which possess a sourish taste, as tama- 
 rinds, cream of tartar, etc. 
 
 Acidulous Fruits. Oranges, gooseberries, etc. 
 
 Acidulous Waters, Aqum Acidula. Mineral 
 waters containing carbonic acid gas suflRcient to 
 render them sourish. See Waters, mineral. 
 
 Acidulous Water, Simple, Aqua Ac"idi Car- 
 bon'ici (Ph. U. S.) Aqua a'eris fixi seu acid'- 
 ida simplex, Liquor seu Aqua Soda efferves'cens, 
 Aqua Oarbona' tis Soda acid'ula, Soda loater, Mi- 
 neral water, (F.) Eau acidule simple, is water 
 impregnated with fixed air. 
 
 Water, so impregnated, is cooling and slightly 
 stimulating. It is used beneficially in dyspepsia, 
 and in cases of vomiting, etc. 
 
 ACIDUM ACETICUM, Aceticum acidum— a. 
 Aceticum aromaticum, Acetum aromaticum — a. 
 Aceticum camphoratum, see Aceticum acidum — 
 a. Aceticum dilutum, see Aceticum acidum — a. 
 Aceticum e Ligno venale, Pyroligneous acid — a. 
 Aceticum empj'reumaticum, Pyroligneous acid — 
 a. Aceticum glaciale, Aceticum acidum — a. Ace- 
 ticum Scilliticum, Acetum scillas — a. AcetosellEe, 
 Oxalic acid — a. Acetosum, Acetum — a. Allantoi- 
 cum. Allantoic acid — a. Amnicum, Amniotic acid 
 — a. Arsenicosum, Arsenious acid — a. Arsenio- 
 sum (Ph. U. S.), Arsenicum album — a. Azoticum, 
 Nitric acid — a. Benzoicum, Benjamin, Flowers 
 of — a. Benzoylicum, Benzoin, Flowers of — a. 
 Boracicum, Boracic acid — a. Borussicum, Hydro- 
 cyanic acid — a. Carbazoticum, Acid, earbazotic — 
 a. Carbonicum, Carbonic acid — a. Citricum, Citric 
 acid — a. Gallicum, Acid, gallic — a. Hydriodicum, 
 Acid, hj'driodic — a. Hydrocarbonicum, Oxalic 
 acid — a. Hydrochloricum, Muriaticum acidum — 
 a. Hydrocyanicum, Hydrocyanic acid — a. Hydro- 
 eyanicum dilutum, see Hydrocj'anic acid — a. 
 Hydrothionicum liquidum, see Hydrosulphuretted 
 water — a. lodicum. Acid, iodic — a. Jatrophicum, 
 see Jatropha curcas — a. Lacticum, Lactic acid — ■ 
 a. Ligneum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Ligni pyro- 
 oleosum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Lignorum empy- 
 reumaticum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Limonis, Ci- 
 tric acid — a. Lithicum, Uric acid — a. Marinum 
 concentratum, Muriaticum acidum — a. Morbo- 
 sum. Acidities — a. Muriaticum, Muriaticum aci- 
 dum — a. Muriaticum dilutum, Muriaticum acidum 
 — a. Muriaticum nitroso-oxygenatum, Nitro- 
 muriatic acid — a. Nitri, Nitric acid — a. Nitri 
 dulcificatum, Spiritus tetheris nitrici— a. Nitri- 
 cum. Nitric acid — a. Nitricum dilutum, Nitric 
 acid — a. Nitro-muriaticum, Nitro-muriatic acid — 
 a. Oxalinum, Oxalic acid — a. Phosphoricum, 
 Phosphoric acid — a. Picricum, Acid, earbazotic 
 — a. Primarum viarum. Acidities — a. Prussicum, 
 Hydrocyanic acid — a. Pyroaeeticum, Pyrolig- 
 neous acid — a. Pyroligneum, Pyroligneous acid 
 — a. Pyroxylicum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Querci- 
 tannicum, Tannin — a. Sacchari, Oxalic acid — a. 
 Saccharinum, Oxalic acid — a. Salis, Muriaticum 
 acidum — a. Salis culinaris, Muriaticum acidum — 
 a. Salis marini, Muriaticum acidum — a. Scytode- 
 pliicum. Tannin — a. Septicum, Nitric acid — a. 
 Succinicum, Succinic acid — a. Sulphuricum, Sul- 
 phuric acid — a. Sulphuricum aleoolisatum. Elixir 
 acidum Halleri — a. Sulphuricum aromaticum, 
 Sulphuric acid, aromatic — a. Sulphuricum dilu- 
 tum. Sulphuric acid, diluted — a. Sulphuris vola- 
 tile. Sulphurous acid — a. Sulphurosicum, Sulphu- 
 rous acid — a. Tannicum, Tannin — a. Tartar! es- 
 sentiale, Tartaric acid — a. Tartaricum, Tartaric 
 acid — a. Tartarosum, Tartaric acid — a. Uricum, 
 
ACIDURGIA 
 
 29 
 
 ACONITUM 
 
 Uric acid — a. Urolithicum, Uric acid — a. Vitrio- 
 licum, Sulphuric acid — a. Vitriolicum aromati- 
 cum, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum — a. Vi- 
 triolicum alcohole aromaticum, Sulphuricum aci- 
 dum aromaticum — a. Vitriolicum vinosum, Elixir 
 acidum Halleri — a. Zooticum, Hydrocyanic acid 
 — a. Zootinicum, Hydrocyanic acid. 
 ACIDURGIA, Surgery (operative). 
 ACIER, Chalybs. 
 
 ACIES, Chalybs — a. Digitorum manus. Pha- 
 langes of the fingers — a. Diurna, Hemeralopia. 
 ACINE, Acinus. 
 
 ACINE'SIA, Acine'sis, Akine'sia, ImmobU'i- 
 ias, Qaies, Requies, Requie'tio, Esych'ia, Erem'ia, 
 from a, privative, and Kivriiiis, 'motion,' kiveu, 'I 
 move.' Rest. Immobility. Also, the interval 
 between the systole and diastole of the heart — 
 Parasys'tole. 
 
 Under the term Acineses, Romberg includes 
 the paralytic neuroses, or those that are charac- 
 terized by defect of motive power. 
 
 ACINI OF MALPIGHI, Corpora Malpig- 
 hiana. 
 
 ACINIFORMIS (TUNICA), Choroid, Uvea. 
 ACINUS, A. glandulo'sus, from ac"inus, 'a. 
 grape-stone,' (F.) Acine. A glandiform cot-pus- 
 cle, in which secretion was supposed to take 
 place, and the excretory radicle to arise. Acini 
 are the gloh'uli arteria'rum. ter'mini of Nichols. 
 The term ac"ini glandulo'gi has also been given 
 to glands which, like the pancreas, are arranged, 
 as it were, in clusters. Glands thus formed have 
 been called glan'dulcB acino'scB. See Lobule. 
 ACIPENSER, see Ichthyocolla. 
 ACIURGIA, Surgery (operative). 
 ACLEITROCARDIA, Cyanopathy. 
 ACMAS'TICUS, from aKpin, 'the top,' and arao), 
 'I remain.' A fever which preserves an equal 
 degree of intensity throughout its course. It is 
 also called Homot'onos. The Greeks gave it the 
 name of Epacmas'ticos, and Syn'ochos, when it 
 went on increasing, and Paracmas'ticos, when it 
 decreased. — Galen. 
 
 ACME, Vigor, Cor'yphe, Culmina'tio, Status, 
 Fastig"ium. The period of a disease at which 
 the symptoms are most violent. Arche, Apxv, is 
 'the commencement;' anab'asis, avafiaaig, 'the 
 period of increase,-' and acme, aKjiri, 'the height,' 
 (F.) Eiat. 
 
 ACMELLA, Spilanthus acmella — a. Mauriti- 
 ana, Spilanthus acmella. 
 ACMON, Incus. 
 
 ACNE, Acna, Ion' thus varus, Variw, Psydra'cia 
 Acne, Stone Pock, Whelk, Biihuele, (F.) Acne, 
 Dartre pustuleuse disseminee. A small pimple 
 or tubercle on the face. — Gorr^us. Foesius 
 thinks the word ought to be Acme; and, accord- 
 ing to Cassius, it is, at all events, derived from 
 aKfir], 'vigour;' the disease affecting those in the 
 vigour of life especially. 
 
 Willan and Bateman have adopted the term in 
 their Nosology of cutaneous diseases, and placed 
 it in the order Tubbrcula. Acne, with them, is 
 an eruption of distinct, hard, inflamed tubercles, 
 sometimes continuing for a considerable length 
 of time, and sometimes -suppurating slowly and 
 partially. They usually appear on the forehead, 
 temples, and chin, and are common to both sexes; 
 but the most severe forms are seen in young men. 
 They require but little management, and consist 
 of four varieties : Acne indura'ta, A. simplex, 
 (Haplociene), A. puneta'ta (lon'thus varus punc- 
 ta'tus, PunctcB muco'scB, Grino'nes, Comedo'nes 
 or Maggot Pimple, Worms, Gruhs), and A. rosa' 
 cea. — See Gutta Rosea. 
 
 AcNB Mentagka, Sycosis — a. Rosacea, Gutta 
 Rosea — a. of the Throat, Pharyngitis, follicu- 
 lar. 
 
 ACNE 'MIA, Akne'mia, from a, privative, and 
 Kvriixr;, 'the leg.' Absence of legs. 
 
 ACNE, Acne — a, Ilollimco'ide, Molluscum. 
 
 ACNES'TIS, from a, privative, and Kvauv, 'to 
 scratch.' The part of the spine which extends, 
 in quadrupeds, from between the shoulders to the 
 loins. According to Pollux, the middle of the 
 loins. The vertebral column. 
 
 ACNESTOS, Cneorum tricoccum. 
 
 ACOE, Audition, Ear. 
 
 ACCE'LIOS, from a, privative, and KoiXia, 'belly.' 
 Devoid of belly. One who is so emaciated as to 
 appear to have no belly. — Galen. 
 
 ACOEMETER, Acoumeter. 
 
 ACOEMETRUM, Acoumeter. 
 
 ACOENOSI, Aeonusi. 
 
 ACOESIS, Audition. 
 
 ACOGNOSIA, Pharmacognosia. 
 
 ACOLASIA, Intemperance. 
 
 ACOLOGY, Materia Medica. 
 
 ACONB, Mortar. 
 
 ACQ NIT A GRANDS FLEURS, Aconitum 
 cammarum — a. Salutaire, Aconitum anthora. 
 
 ACONITA, see Aconitum napellus. 
 
 ACONITE, Aconitum. 
 
 ACONITI FOLIA, see Aconitum— a. Radix, 
 see Aconitum. 
 
 ACONITIA, see Aconitum napellus. 
 
 ACONITIN, see Aconitum napellus. 
 
 ACONITINE, see Aconitum napellus. 
 
 ACONITIUM, see Aconitum napellus. 
 
 ACONI'TUM, from Ac'one, a place in Bithy- 
 nia, where it is common. C'ynoc'tonon, Parda- 
 lian'ches, Pardalian'chum, Oanici'da, Ac'onite, 
 Wolfsbane, Monkshood. Orel. Ranunculacese. 
 Sex. Syst. Polyandria Trigynia. 
 
 Aconitum, Aconite, in the Pharmacoposia of 
 the United States, 1842, is the leaves of Aconi- 
 tum napellus, and A. paniculatum. In the last 
 edition, 1851, Acojiiti folia is the ofiicinal name 
 for the leaves, Aconiti radix for that of the 
 root. 
 
 Aconi'tum An'thora, a. Salutif'erum seu 
 Nenioro'sum seu Candol'lei seu Jaequini seu Eu'lo- 
 phum sen Anthordideum, An'thora vidga'ris, An'- 
 thora, Antith'ora, Sal'utary Monkshood,, Whole- 
 some Wolfsbane, Yellow helmet flower, [V.) Aconit 
 salutaire. The root of this variety, as of all the 
 rest, is poisonous. It is used as a cathartic and 
 anthelmintic. Dose Qss to ^j- 
 
 Aconitum Anthoroideum, A. anthora. 
 
 Aconi'tum Cam'maeum, A. panictda'tiim, A. 
 maeran'thum, A. Kusnezo'vii, (F.) Aconit d 
 grands fleurs, resembles Aconitum Napellus in 
 properties. 
 
 Aconitum Candollei, A. anthora — a. Eulo- 
 phum, A. anthora. 
 
 Aconitum Ferox, a most violent ranunculaceous 
 poison, which grows in Nepaul, and is the Bish 
 or Bikh poison of that country. Its effects are 
 like those of the Aconitum Napellus. 
 
 Aconitum Jacquini, A. anthora — a. Kusnezovii, 
 A. cammarum — a. Macranthum, A. cammarum. 
 
 Aconi'tum Napel'lus, Aconi'tum Napel'lus 
 verus. Common Jlonkshood or Wolfsbane, A. Ne- 
 omonta'num, (F.) Chaperon de Moine. The leaves 
 are narcotic, sudorific, and deobstruent (!) They 
 have been used in chronic rheumatism, scrofula, 
 scirrhus, paralysis, amaurosis, etc. The active 
 principle is called Aconit'ia, Aconiti' na, Aeoni'ta, 
 Aconit'ium or Aconitine. A form for its prepara- 
 tion is contained in the Ph. U. S. (1851). It is 
 made by treating an alcoholic extract of the root 
 with dilute snlphtiric acid ; precipitating by solii- 
 tion of ammonia; dissolving the precipitate in 
 dilute sulphuric acid ; treating with animal char- 
 coal; again precipitating with solution of ammo- 
 
ACONUSI 
 
 30 
 
 ACRID 
 
 nta; washing with water, and drying. It re- I 
 quires 150 parts of cold and 50 of boiling water 
 to dissolve it, but is readily- dissolved by alcohol 
 and ether. It neutralizes the acids, and forms 
 with them uncrystallizable salts. It has been 
 used internally, and especially applied exter- 
 nally, in neuralgic cases, iatraleptically and en- 
 dermically. Dose of Aconitum, gr. j. to gr. iij. 
 
 AcoNiTuir Nemorosum, A. anthora — a. Neo- 
 montanum, A. napellus — a. Paniculatum, A. cam- 
 marum — a. Racemosum, Act£ea spicata — a. Salu- 
 tiferum, A. anthora. 
 
 Aconitum Uncina'tum, Wild Monkshood, in- 
 digenous, is said to have similar virtues with 
 Aconitum napellus. 
 
 ACONU'SI, Acoen'osi, Acobn'osi, from 0^017, 
 'audition,' and vovaog, 'disease.' Jiloi-bi au'rium 
 et audi'tus. Diseases of the ear and audition. 
 
 ACOONOSI, Aconusi. 
 
 AC'OPIS. Same etymon as the next. Pliny 
 gives this name to a precious stone, which was 
 boiled in oil and used against weariness. 
 
 AC'OPON, from a, privative, and<iojr«f, 'weari- 
 ness.' A remedy against weariness — Foesius, Gor- 
 raeus, &c. Ac'opnm, — Celsus, Pliny. SeeAnagyris. 
 
 ACOPRIA, Constipation. 
 
 AC0PR03IS, Constipation. 
 
 ACOR BENZOiNUS, Benjamin — a. Boraci- 
 cus, Boracic acid — a. Succineus, Succinic acid — 
 a. Sulphuris, Sulphuric acid — a. Tartarious, Tar- 
 taric acid. 
 
 ACORE BATARB, Iris pseudacorus — a. 
 Faux, Iris pseudacorus — a. Odorant, Acorus 
 calamus. 
 
 ACORES, Acids, and Acidities. 
 
 ACOR'IA, from a, privative, and Koptto, *I sa- 
 tiate.' An inordinate or canine appetite. — Hip- 
 pocrates. 
 
 ACORI'TES. A wine made of Acorns.— Dios- 
 corides. 
 
 ACOR'MUS, from a, privative, and Kopiiog, 
 'trunk.' A monster devoid of a trunk. — Gurlt. 
 
 ACORN, JUPITER'S, Fagus castanea— a. 
 Oily, Guilandina moringa — a. Sardinian, Fagus 
 castanea. 
 
 ACORNS. See Quereus alba. 
 
 ACORUS ADULTERINUS, Iris pseudacorus. 
 
 Ac'oRUS Cal'amus, a. Vents sen Brazilien'sis, 
 Cal'amus Aromat'icus seu Odora'tus seu Vulga'- 
 ris, Typha Aromat'ica, Clava Riigo'sn, Sweetflag 
 or Ae'orus, Flagroot, Sweet cane, 3Iyrtle Flag, 
 Sweet grass, Sweet root. Sweet rush. (F.) Joitc 
 roseau ou Canne aromatique, Acore odorant. 
 Ord. Aroidese ; Acoraceee. (Lindley.) Sex. Syst. 
 Hexandria Monogynia. The rhizoma — Cal'amus 
 (Ph. U. S. — is stomachic and carminative, but is 
 rarely used. It is regarded as a good adjuvant 
 to bark and quinia in intermittents. 
 
 Acorus Palustris, Iris pseudacorus — a. Vul- 
 garis, Iris pseudacorus. 
 
 ACQS, Medicament 
 
 ACOS'MIA, from a, privative, and Koafiog, 'or- 
 der, ornament.' Disorder, irregularity in the 
 critical days, according to Galen, who uses the 
 word Koanog for regularity in those days. Others, 
 and particularly Pollux, call bald persons axoanoi, 
 because they are deprived of one of their most 
 beautiful ornaments. 
 
 ACOU'METER, Acouom' eter, Acoem'eter, Aco- 
 em'etrum, Acu' meter, Acusim'eter, (F.) Aeoumetre, 
 from uKovii}, 'I hear,' and nirpov, 'measure.' An 
 instrument designed by M. Itard for measuring 
 the degree of hearing. 
 
 A CO miE TRE, Acoumeter. 
 
 ACOUOPHO'NIA, Copho'nia; from aKovio, 
 •I hear,' and (pwvn, 'voice,' " Axis' cultatory Per- 
 tus'sion." A mode of auscultation, in which the 
 
 observer places his ear on the chest, anil analyzes 
 the sound produced by percussion. — Donne. 
 
 ACOUS'MA, an imaginary noise. Depraved 
 sense of hearing. 
 
 ACOUS'TIC, Acus'ticus, (F.) Acoitstique. That 
 which belongs to the ear; as Acoustic nerve, 
 Acoustic trumpet. 
 
 Acoustic Mebicine is one used in diseased 
 audition. 
 
 ACOUSTICO-MALLEEN, Laxator tympaui. 
 
 Acous'tics, Acus'tica. (F.) Acoustiqne. The 
 part of physics which treats of the theory of 
 sounds. It is also called Phonics. 
 
 ACOUSTIQUE, Acoustic, Acoustics. 
 
 ACQUA BINELLI, Aqua Binellii — a. Broe- 
 chieri. Aqua Brocchierii — a. Monterossi, Aqua 
 Binellii — a. di Napoli, Liquor arsenicalis — a. 
 della TofFana, Liquor arsenicalis. 
 
 ACQUETTA, Liquor Arsenicalis. 
 
 ACQUI, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 thermal sulphureous springs are in Piedmont. 
 Their temperature is 167° Fahr., and they con- 
 tain sulphohvdric acid and chloride of sodium. 
 
 ACQUIRED DISEASES, Morbi acquis'iti, 
 If. adventi'tii. If. epicte'ti. Adventitious diseases. 
 (F.) Maladies acquises. Diseases which occur 
 after birth, and which are not dependent upon 
 hereditary predisposition. 
 
 ACRAI'PALA, from a, privative, and Kpaivaki], 
 'drunkenness.' Remedies against the effects of 
 a debauch. — Gorrseus. 
 
 ACRA'LEA, from axpog, 'extremity.' The ex- 
 treme parts of the body, as the head, hands, feet, 
 nose, ears, &c. — Hippocrates and Galen. See 
 Acrea. 
 
 ACRA'NIA, from a, privative, and Kpaviov, 'the 
 cranium.' Want of cranium, wholly or in part. 
 
 ACRA'SIA, from a, privative, or 'bad,' and 
 Kpacig, ' mixture.' Intemperance. Excess of any 
 kind. Surfeit. 
 
 It has been employed to denote debility, syno- 
 nymously with Acratia ; but this may have been 
 a typographical inaccuracy. 
 
 ACRATI'A, from a, privative, and Kparo;, 
 'strength.' Impotence; weakness, fainting. 
 
 ACRATIS'MA, from a, privative, and Kcpav- 
 vv/xi, 'to mix.' A breakfast, consisting of bread 
 steeped in wine, not mixed with water. — Galen, 
 Athenteus. 
 
 ACRATOM'ELI, from oKparov, 'pure wine,' 
 and i^sXi, 'honey.' Wine mixed with honey. 
 
 ACRATOPE'G^, Akratop)e'gcp., from a, priva- 
 tive, Kparos, ' strength,' and Trriyt], ' a spring.' 
 Mineral waters having no marked chemical qua- 
 lities. 
 
 ACRATOPOS'IA, from acratum, and toctis, 
 ' drink.' The drinking of pure or unmixed wine 
 
 A'CRATUM, axparov, from a, privative, and 
 Kparos, ' strength.' Unmixed wine, Acratum 
 vinum, Yinnm merum. 
 
 ACRATURE'SIS, from acratia, 'weakness,' 
 and ovprjaig, from ovpov, 'urine,' 'the act of dis- 
 charging the urine.' Inability to void the urine, 
 from paralysis of the bladder. 
 
 ACRE. The extremity or tip of the nose. 
 
 A'CREA, Acrote'ria, from axpos, ' the summit.' 
 Th e extreme parts of the body, as the feet, hands, 
 ears, &c. 
 
 Also the extreme parts of animals that are used 
 as food, Acroco'lia. 
 
 ACRID, from aKpog, 'pointed,' or from am;, 'a 
 point,' Acer. An epithet for substances which 
 occasion a disagreeable sense of irritation or of 
 constriction at the top of the throat. 
 
 Acrid heat, (F.) Chaleur acre, is one that Causes 
 a hot tingling sensation at the extremities of the 
 fingers. 
 
 Acrid Poison, See Poison. 
 
 AcRiDS, in Pathology, are certain imaginary 
 
ACRIDOPHAGI 
 
 31 
 
 ACT^A CIMICIFUGA 
 
 substances, supposed by the humourists to exist 
 in the humours, and to cause various diseases. 
 See Acrimony. 
 
 ACRIDOPH'AGrI, from a/rpif, aicpi^oj, 'alocust,' 
 and ^ayo), 'I eat.' Locust-eaters. Acridophagous 
 tribes are said to exist in Africa. — Strabo. 
 
 ACRIMONY, Acu'itas, Aerimo'nia, from aeer, 
 ' acrid,' axis, ' a point.' Acrimony of the humours. 
 An imaginary acrid change of the blood, lymph, 
 <to., which, by the humourists, was conceived to 
 cause many diseases. 
 
 ACRIN'IA, from a, privative, and Kpivia, *I 
 separate.' A diminution in the quantity, or a 
 total suspension, of the secretions. 
 
 ACRIS, a sharp bony prominence. Also, the 
 locust. 
 
 ACRI'SIA, Acri'sis, from a, privative, and 
 Kpiaii, 'judgment.' A condition of disease, in 
 which no judgment can be formed ; or in which 
 an unfavourable opinion must be given. — Hipp, 
 and Galen. 
 
 ACRISIS, Aerisia. 
 
 ACRIT'ICAL, Ac'ritos, (F.) Acritique, from a, 
 privative, and Kpiaig, 'judgment.' That which 
 takes place without any crisis, or which does not 
 foretell a crisis ; as a critical symptom, abscess, &c. 
 
 ACRITOS, Acritical. 
 
 ACRIVIOLA, Tropaeolum majus. 
 
 ACROBYS'TIA, Acropos'thia, from axpoi, 'top,* 
 and jSuo), ' I cover.' The extremity of the prepuce. 
 — Hippocrates, Rufus. 
 
 ACROBYSTITIS, Posthitis. 
 
 ACPtOCHBIR', Acrochir', AcrocJieir'on, from 
 aKpog, ' extremity,' and x^'-P' ' tbe hand.' The 
 forearm and hand, — Gorrajus. Also, the hand. 
 
 ACROCHOR'DON, from aKpos, 'extremity,' 
 and X''P^i' '^ string.' A tumour which hangs by 
 a pedicle. A kind of hard wart, Verru'ca pens' - 
 His. — A e tins, Celsus. 
 
 ACROCHORIS'MUS, from oKgog, 'extremity,' 
 and ;;^o/)£:u<<), ' I dance.' A kind of dance, with 
 the ancients, in which the arms and legs were 
 violently agitated. 
 
 ACROCOLIA, Acrea, 
 
 ACROCOLIUM, Acromion. 
 
 ACROD'RYA, from aKpog, 'extremity,' and 
 ipvj, 'a tree.' Autumnal fruits, as nuts, ap- 
 ples, &c. 
 
 ACRODYN'IA, Erythe'ma acrod'ynum, E. 
 acrodyn'ia, Ohiropodal'gia, (F.) Acrodynie, Mai 
 des pieds et des mains, from axpog, 'extremity,' 
 and oivvri, 'pain.' A painful affection of the 
 wrists and ankles especially, which appeared in 
 Paris as an epidemic, in 1828 and 1829. It was 
 supposed by some to be rheumatic, by others to 
 be owing to spinal irritation. It appears to have 
 been the same as Dengue. 
 
 ACROLENION, Olecranon. 
 
 ACROMASTItJM, Nipple. 
 
 ACROMIA, Acromion. 
 
 ACRO'MIAL, Acromia'lis. Relating to the 
 Acromion. 
 
 Acromial Ar'tert, External Scapi'vlar, A. 
 Arte'ria Thorac"ica humera'lis, Artere troisiime 
 des Thoraciques, — (Ch.) A. Thoracique hume- 
 rale, arises from the anterior part of the axillary 
 artery, opposite the upper edge of the pectoralis 
 minor. It divides into two branches : one, supe- 
 rior ; the other, inferior, — the branches of which 
 are distributed to the subclavius, serratus major 
 anticus, first intercostal, deltoid, and pectoralis 
 major muscles, as well as to the shoulder joint, 
 &c. They anastomose with the superior scapular, 
 thoracic, and circumflex arteries. 
 
 Acromial Nerves, Nervi acromia'les. 
 Branches of the fourth cervical nerve, which are 
 distributed to the acromial region. 
 
 Acromial Vein has the same arrangement &a 
 the artery. 
 
 ACRO'MIO-CORACOi'DEUS. Belonging to 
 the acromion and coracoid process. 
 
 The triangular ligament between the acromion 
 and coracoid process of the scapula is so called. 
 
 ACRO'MION, Acro'mium, Aero'mia, Acro'mis, 
 from uKpoi, 'the top,' and tofxos, 'the shoulder.' 
 Os Acro'mii, Hu'merua sumrmis, Armits sunnnus, 
 Mucro hu'meri, Hostrum porci'num, Caput Scap'- 
 ulcB, Acroco'lium. The process which terminates 
 the spine of the scapula, and is articulated with 
 the clavicle. 
 
 ACROMIS, Acromion. 
 
 ACROMPHALIUM, Acromphalon. 
 
 ACROM'PHALON, Acrompha'liiim, from 
 aKpos, 'the top,' and optpaXo;, 'the navel.' The 
 extremity of the umbilical cord, which remains 
 attached to the foetus after birth. 
 
 ACROMYLE. Patella. 
 
 ACRO-NARCOTIC, See Poison. 
 
 A'CRONYX, from aKpos, 'the summit,' and 
 ovvf, 'the nail.' Growing in of the nail. 
 
 ACROPARAL'YSIS, from a/cpoj, ' extremity,' 
 and Kapa\v(7i;, 'palsy;' Paral'ysis extremita'tum, 
 Palsy of the extremities. — Fuchs. 
 
 ACROPOSTHIA, Acrobystia. 
 
 ACROPOSTHITIS, Posthitis. 
 
 ACROPSI'LON, from aKpog, 'extremity,' and 
 i^-tXcf, ' naked.' The extremity of the glans penis. 
 
 ACRORIA, Vertex. 
 
 ACRORRHEU'MA, Eheumatis'mus extremita'- 
 tum, from aKpoi, ' extremity,' and pevpa, ' defluxion, 
 rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the extremities. 
 
 ACROS, oKpos, 'extremity, top.' The strength 
 of the Athletae, and of diseases ; the prominences 
 of bones ; the extremities of the fingers, &c. See 
 Aerocheir, Acromion, &c. 
 
 ACROSTICHUM POLYPODIOJfDES, Poly- 
 podium incanum. 
 
 ACROTERIA, Acrea. See Extremity. 
 
 ACROTERIASIS, Acroteriasmus. 
 
 ACROTERIAS'MUS, Acroteri'asis, from axpo- 
 Tripia, ' the extremities ;' hence aKpoT>ipta^etv, ' to 
 mutilate.' Amputation of the extremities. 
 
 ACROTHYM'ION, from aKpog, 'top,' and 
 &vpov, 'thyme.' A kind of conical, rugous, bloody 
 wart, a " moist wart," compared by Celsus to the 
 flower of thyme. 
 
 ACROT'ICA, from oKpo;, 'summit.' Diseases 
 affecting the excernent functions of the external 
 surface of the body. 
 
 Pravity of the fluids or emunctories that open 
 on the external surface ; without fever or other 
 internal affection as a necessary accompaniment. 
 
 The 3d order of the class Eccril'ica of Good. 
 
 ACROTISMUS, Asphyxia. 
 
 ACT, Actus, from actum, past participle of 
 agere, ' to do,' ' a thing done.' The effective ex- 
 ercise of a power or faculty. The action of an 
 agent. Acte is used by the French, to signify 
 the public discussion, which occurs in supporting 
 a thesis ; — thus, soutenir un Acte aux Eco/es de 
 3Iedecine, is, ' to defend a Thesis in the Schools 
 of Medicine.' 
 
 ACTA, Gesta. 
 
 ACT^A CIMICIFUGA, A. racemosa. 
 
 AcTjE'a Racemo'sa, a. Cimieif'uga, Cimicif. 
 uga racemo'sa, Macro'trys racemo'sa, Bot'rophii 
 Serptenta'ria {?), Serj^enta'ria nigra, Blade snake- 
 root, Bichweed, Cohosh, Squaw root, Battleweed, 
 Black Cohosh. (F.) Actee d grappes, Serpentaire 
 noire. Ord. Ranunculaceae. Sax. Syst. Polyan- 
 dria Pentagynia. A common plant in the United 
 Stateg. The root, Cimicif 'uga (Ph. U S.), is as- 
 tringent; and, according to Barton, has been 
 successfully used, in the form of a decoction, as 
 a gargle in putrid sore throat. A decoction of 
 the root cures the itch. It is acro-narcotic, and 
 
ACTE 
 
 32 
 
 ADDUCENS OCULI 
 
 has been used in rheumatism, acute and chronic ; 
 chorea, &c. 
 
 AcTjE'a Spica'ta, Christophoria'na spica'ta, 
 Aconi'tum racemo' sum, Baneherry, Herh Chris'- 
 fopher. (P.) Herhe St. Ghristophe. A perennial 
 herbaceous European plant, the root of which 
 resembles that of the black hellebore. The root 
 is cathartic, and sometimes emetic, and in over- 
 doses may produce dangerous consequences. 
 
 Actce'a America' na, of which there are two 
 varieties, A. alha and A. rubra, — white and red 
 cohosh, — is indigenous in the United States. It 
 has the same properties as A. spicata. 
 
 ACTE, Sambucus. 
 
 ACTE, Act. 
 
 AC TEE d GRAPPES, Actsea raeemosa. 
 
 AC TIF, Active. 
 
 ACTIO, Action, Function. 
 
 ACTION, Ac'tio, Opera'tio, Energi'a, Praxis : 
 from agere, actum, ' to act.' Mode in which one 
 object influences another. 
 
 The animal actions are those that occur in the 
 animal body : the vital, those that are essential 
 to life : the 2^^1/sioloyical, those of a healthy cha- 
 racter : the pathological or morbid, those that 
 occur in disease, &c. The ancients divided the 
 physiological actions into vital, animal, natural, 
 sexual, particular, general, &c. See Function. 
 
 ACTIONES NATURALES, see Function. 
 
 ACTIVE, same etymon. Dras'tieus, Acti'vus, 
 Sthen'icus, Hypiersthen' icus. (F.) Actif. This 
 adjective is used, in Pathology, to convey the idea 
 of superabundant energy or strength. Active 
 symptoms, e. g. are those of excitement. In The- 
 rapeutics, it signifies energetic : — as, an active 
 treatment. The French use the expression 3Ie- 
 decine agissante, in contradistinction to Medecine 
 expectanfe. In Physiology, active has a similar 
 signification, many of the functions being divided 
 into active and passive. 
 
 ACTON". A village near London, at which 
 there is a purgative mineral spring, like that at 
 Epsom. 
 
 ACTUAL. Same etymon as active. That 
 which acts immediately. A term usually re- 
 stricted to the red-hot iron, or to heat in any 
 form; in contradistinction to the potential or vir- 
 tual, which is applied to caustics or escharotics. 
 
 ACTUA'RIUS. Originally a title of dignity 
 given to the Byzantine physicians. 
 
 ACTUS PARTURITIONIS, Parturition. 
 
 ACUITAS, Acrimony. 
 
 ACULEUS LIGNEUS, Splinter. 
 
 ACUMETER, Acoumeter. 
 
 A'CUPUNCTURE, Acupunctu'ra, Acupuncta'- 
 iion, Acupunetura'tion, from acus, ' a needle,' and 
 ptmctura, a puncture,' A surgical operation, 
 much in use amongst the Chinese and Japanese, 
 which consists in puncturing parts with a very 
 fine needle. It has been employed, of late years, 
 in obstinate rheumatic affections, <tc., and appa- 
 rently with success. Acupuncture is likewise a 
 mode of infanticide in some countries ; the needle 
 being forced into the brain through the fonta- 
 nelles, or into the spinal marrow, &c. 
 
 ACURGIA, Surgery (operative). 
 
 ACUS, Needle — a. Capitata, Pin — a. Invagi- 
 nata, see Needle — a. Ophthalmica, see Needle — 
 a. Paracentiea, Trocar — a. Paracentetica, Trocar 
 ■ — a. Triquetra vulgaris, Trocar — a. Veneris, 
 Bryngium campestre. 
 
 ACUSIMETER, Acoumeter. 
 
 ACUSIS, Audition. 
 
 ACUSTICA, Acoustics. 
 
 ACUSTICUS, Auditory. 
 
 ACUTE, Acu'tns, Oxys, ofvj, (acis, 'a point.') 
 (F.) Aigu. A disease which, with a certain de- 
 gree of severity, has a rapid progress, and short 
 
 duration, is said to be "acute." — Oxynose'ma, 
 Oxyn'osos, Oxynu'sos. 
 
 Diseases were formerly subdivided into Morhi 
 acutis'simi, very acute, or those which last only 
 three or four days : M. subacutis'simi, which con- 
 tinue seven days : and Jl. subacu'ti, or those 
 which last from twenty to forty days. 
 
 The antithesis to acute is chronic. Acute, when 
 applied to pain, sound, cries, &c., means sharp. 
 
 ACUTENACULUM, Porte-aiguille. 
 
 ACYANOBLEP'SIA, from a, privative, Kvavoi, 
 'blue,' and /JXejto), 'I see.' Defective vision, 
 which consists in incapability of distinguishing 
 blue. — Gothe. See Achromatopsia. 
 
 ACYESIS, Sterilitas. 
 
 ACYRUS, Arnica montana. 
 
 ACYSTINERVIA, Cystoparalvsis. 
 
 ACYSTURONERVIA, Cystoparalysis. 
 
 ACYSTUROTROPHIA, Cystatrophia. 
 
 ACYTERIUS, Abortive. 
 
 ADACA. The Sphceran'thiis In'dicus, a Mala- 
 bar plant, which is acrid and aromatic. 
 
 ADAC'RYA, from a, privative, and Saxpyiii, '1 
 weep.' Defective secretion of tears. 
 
 AD^MONIA, Anxiety. 
 
 ADAKO'DIEN. A Malabar plant of the fa- 
 mily Apocyneas, used in that country in diseases 
 of the eyes. 
 
 AD'ALI, Lip'pia. A Malabar plant, which 
 the Orientals regard as an antidote to the bite of 
 the naja. 
 
 ADAMANTINE SUBSTANCE, Enamel of 
 the teeth. 
 
 ADAMAS, Diamond. 
 
 ADAMI'TA, Adami'tum. A very hard, white 
 calculus. — Paracelsus. 
 
 The first word has been used for stone in the 
 bladder : the second for lithiasis or the calculous 
 condition. 
 
 ADAM'S APPLE, Pomum Adami. 
 
 ADANSONIA DIGITATA, Baobab. 
 
 ADAPTER, from ad and apto, 'I fit.' A tube 
 employed in pharmaceutical operations for length- 
 ening the neck of a retort; or in cases where the 
 opening of the receiver is not large enough to 
 admit the beak of the retort. 
 
 ADAR'CE, Adar'cion, Adar'cis. A concretion 
 found about the reeds and grass in the marshy 
 regions of Galatia, and hiding them, as it were : 
 hence the name, from a privative, and ^EpKu, 'I 
 see.' It was formerly in repute for cleansing the 
 skin from freckles, <fec. 
 
 ADARIGO, Orpiment. 
 
 ADARNECH, Orpiment. 
 
 ADARTICULATIO, Arthrodia. 
 
 AD CUTEM ABDOM'INIS (ARTERIA). The 
 superficial artery of the abdomen, — a branch of the 
 crural or femoral, which arises at the lower part 
 of Poupart's ligament, and ascends towards the 
 umbilicus, being distributed to the integuments. 
 
 ADDAD. A Numidian plant; bitter and poi- 
 sonous. 
 
 ADDEPHAG"IA, Adephag"ia, from ai&riv, 
 'much,' and ^aytiv, 'to eat.' Voraciousness. 
 Galen and Hoffmann have given this name to 
 voracious appetite in children affected with 
 worms. Sauvages refers it to Bulimia. Also, 
 the goddess of gluttony. 
 
 ADDER'S TONGUE, Ophioglossum vulgatum. 
 
 ADDISON, DISEASE OF, see Capsule, renal. 
 
 ADDITAMEN'TUM. A term once used sy- 
 nonymously with Epipihysis. It is now restricted 
 to the prolongation of two cranial sutures, the 
 lambdoidal and squamous. 
 
 Additamentum Coli, Appendix vermiformis 
 cseci — a. Neeatum, Olecranon — a. ad Sacro-luin- 
 balem, see Sacro-lumbalis — a. Uncatum ulnae. 
 Olecranon — a. Ulnse, Radius. 
 
 ADDUCENS OCULI, Rectus internus oculi. 
 
ADDUCTEUR DE L'OEIL 
 
 ADENONCOSIS 
 
 ADDUOTEUR DE L'CEIL, Rectus inter- 
 nus oeuli — a. du Gros orteil, Adductor poUicis 
 pedis — a. Premier ou moyen, Adductor longus 
 femoris — a. du Poitce, Adductor pollicis manfis 
 — a. Second ou 2>etit, Adductor brevis — a. Troi- 
 sihne ou grand, Adductor magnus. 
 
 ADDUCTION, ^rfc^ijo'^/o, from ad, 'to,' and 
 ducere, ' to draw.' Parago'ge. The action by 
 wliich parts are drawn towards the axis of the 
 body. 
 
 The muscles which execute this function are 
 called Adduc'tors. 
 
 ADDUCTOR MEDII DIGITI PEDIS, Pos- 
 terio-r medii digiti pedis — a. Oculi, Rectus inter- 
 nus oculi. 
 
 Adduc'tor Metacar'pi min'ijii Dig"itt, Me- 
 tacar'peus, Car'po-metacar'peus min'imi dig''iti, 
 is situate between the adductor and flexor, next 
 to the metacarpal bone. It arises, fleshy, from 
 the unciform process of the os unciforme, and 
 from the contiguous part of the annular ligament 
 of the wrist, and is inserted, tendinous and fleshy, 
 into the fore-part of the metacarpal bone of the 
 little finger, from its base to its head. 
 
 Adduc'toe Pol'licis M.anus, A. Pol'licis, A. 
 ad min'imum dig"itum, Metacar'jio-jihalan'geus 
 pol'licis — (Ch.) (F.) Addncteii,r du poiicc. A 
 muscle which arises, fleshy, from almost the 
 whole length of the metacarpal bone of the mid- 
 dle finger, and is inserted into the inner part of 
 the root of the first bone of the thumb. 
 
 Adduc'tor Pol'licis Pedis, Antith'enar, Ife- 
 tatar'8o-suhp>halan'geua p>ollici8. — (Ch.) Tarso- 
 metatarsi-plialangien du ponce. (F.) Addiicteur 
 du gros orteil. Arises by a long, thin tendon, 
 from the under part of the os caleis, from the os 
 cuboides, os cuneiforme externum, and from the 
 root of the metatarsal bone of the second toe. It 
 is divided into two fleshy portions, and is inserted 
 into the external sesamoid bone, and root of the 
 metatarsal bone of the great toe. 
 
 Bichat has given the general name, Adduc'- 
 tors, to those of the interosseous muscles of the 
 hand or foot, which perform the action of ad- 
 duction. 
 
 Adductor Tertii Digiti Pedis, Prior tertii 
 digiti pedis. 
 
 Adductors of the thigh. These are three 
 in number, which have, by some anatomists, been 
 united into one muscle — the Tricepis Adduc'tor 
 F era' oris. 
 
 1. Adduc'tor longus fem'oris, Adduc'tor fem'- 
 oris primus, Triceps minor, Pu' bio-femora' lis — 
 (Ch.) (F.) Premier ou moyen adducfeur. Arises 
 by a strong tendon from the upper and fore part 
 of the OS pubis and ligament of the symphysis, 
 at the inner side of the pectinalis. It runs down- 
 wards and outwards, and is inserted by a broad, 
 fiat tendon, into the middle of the linea aspcra. 
 
 2. Adduc'tor brevis, A. fem'oris secun'dus, 
 Triceps secun'dus, Sub-pubio-femora'lis — (Ch.) 
 (F.) Second ou petit Addueteur. Arises tendi- 
 nous from the os pubis, at the side of its sym- 
 physis, below and behind the last muscle. It 
 runs obliquely outwards, and is inserted by a 
 short, flat tendon into the inner and upper part 
 of the linea aspera, from a little below the tro- 
 chanter minor to the beginning of the insertion 
 of the adductor longus. 
 
 3. Adduc'tor magnus, Adduc'tor fem'oris ter'- 
 tius et quartus, Triceps magnus, Is'chio-femora'- 
 lis — (Ch.) (F.) Troisieme ou grand addueteur, is 
 much larger than either of the others. It arises 
 from the ramus of the pubis, from that of the 
 ischium, and from the tuber ischii, and is inserted 
 into the whole length of the linea aspera. Near 
 the lower part of the linea aspera it is pierced 
 by a kind of oblique, fibrous canal, through which 
 the crural artery and vein pass. 
 
 3 
 
 ADEC. The inner man. — Paracelsus. 
 
 ADECTA, Sedatives. 
 
 ADELIPARIA, Polysarcia. 
 
 ADELODAGAM. A bitter Malabar plant, 
 used in asthma, catarrh, and gout. 
 
 ADELPHIA, see Adelphixia. 
 
 ADELPHIX'IA, AdeljiJiix'is ; from ah\(poi, 
 'brother.' Consanguinity of parts in health or 
 disease; Frater'nitas, Fratra'tio. Hippocrates 
 used the word Adel'pMa for diseases that re- 
 semble each othei'. 
 
 ADELPHIXIS, Sympathy. 
 
 ADEMONIA, Depression, Nostalgia. 
 
 ADEMOSYNE, Depression, Nostalgia. 
 
 ADEN, a5r)v, 'a gland;' hence Adenalgia, 
 Adeniform, &c. — see Gland. 
 
 ADENAL'GIA, Adenodyn'ia, from a&riv, 'a. 
 gland,' and oKyog, 'pain.' Glandular pain. 
 
 ADENECTOP'IA, from a&r,v, 'a gland,' and' 
 cKTUTTos, ' removed from its place.' Dislocation 
 of a gland. 
 
 ADENEMPHRAX'IS, from airiv, 'a gland,' 
 and ejKppa^is, ' obstruction.' Glandular obstruc- 
 tion. 
 
 ADENIES, Adenopathies angibromiques. Dis- 
 eases of the glands connected with the digestive 
 tube. — Piorry. 
 
 ADEN'IFORM, Adeniform' is, Adeno'i'des, 
 Ad'enoid, from Aden, 'a gland,' and Forma, 
 ' form or resemblance.' Glan'diform, or resem- 
 bling a gland. 
 
 ADENITE, Adenitis— a. Lymjohatique, Lym- 
 phadenitis. 
 
 ADENI'TIS, from a^nv, 'a gland,' and itis, a 
 termination denoting inflammation. PJilegma'sia 
 adeno' sa seu glaudulo'sa. {¥.) Adenite. Glandu- 
 lar inflammation. 
 
 Adenitis Lymph atica. Lymphadenitis. 
 
 Adeni'tiS Mesentee'iCA, 31esenter'ic Gangli- 
 oni'tis. Inflammation of the mesenteric glands. 
 
 Adenitis Palpebrarum Contagiosa, see Oph- 
 thalmia. 
 
 ADENOCE'LE, from aSy/v, 'a gland,' and KriXri, 
 'a rupture,' 'a tumour.' Under this terra Mr. 
 Birkett includes tumours of the mammaj, 
 which contain structures similar to, if not identi- 
 cal with, the normal secreting tissue of the gland, 
 and more especially the cysto-sarcoma, and 
 chronic mammary tumours of surgical authors. 
 
 ADENOCHIRAPSOLOG"IA, from aSvv, 'a 
 gland,' x^'P) ' the hand,' aTTTuo, ' I lay hold of,' and 
 ^oyos, 'a description.' The doctrine of curing 
 scrofula or the king's evil by the royal touch. 
 
 ADENOCHON'DRIUS, from aSr,v, 'a gland,' 
 and x<''^^P°s, 'a cartilage.' Relating to gland and 
 cartilage, — for example, Arthrojjhy'ma adeno- 
 chon'drium, a tumefaction of the glands and car- 
 tilages of joints. 
 
 adenodermtes sypeilitiques, a. 
 
 si/mphyosiques, from aStjv, ' a gland,' and Sep/jia, 
 ' skin. Syphilitic afi'ections of the glands of the 
 skin. 
 
 ADENODYNIA, Adenalgia. 
 
 ADENOG'RAPHY, Adenogra'phia, from ahv, 
 ' a gland,' and ypaipu), ' I describe.' That part of 
 anatomy which describes the glands. 
 
 ADENOID, Adeniform. 
 
 ADENOIDES, Adeniform. 
 
 ADENOL'OGY, Adenolog"ia, from oStjv, 'a 
 gland,' and Aoyos, 'a description.' A treatise on 
 the glands. 
 
 ADENOMALA'CIA, from aSr/v, 'a gland,' and 
 /jaXa/cid, ' softening.' Mollescence or softening 
 of a gland. 
 
 ADENO-MENINGEAL, see Fever, adeno- 
 meningeal. 
 
 ADENONCOSIS, Adenophyma, 
 
ADENONCUS 
 
 34 
 
 ADIPOCIRE 
 
 ADENONCUS, Adenophyma. 
 ADENO-NERVOUS FEVER, Plague. 
 ADENOPATHIES ANOIBROMIQUES, 
 Adenies. 
 
 ADE'NO-PHARTN'GEUS,froma5.7v, 'a 
 gland,' and cpapvy^, (papvyyo;, ' the pharynx.' 
 Some fleshy fibres, which pass from the con- 
 strictor pharyngis inferior to the thyroid gland, 
 have received this name. Their existence is not 
 constant. 
 
 ADE'NO-PHARYNGI'TIS. Same etymon. 
 Inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx. 
 ADENOPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi. 
 ADENOPHY'MA, Adenon'cus, Adenoneo'sis, 
 from airjv, 'a gland,' and (pvjjia, 'a swelling.' 
 Swelling of a gland, or glandiform ganglion. 
 (F.) Glandage. Adenophyma is used by some to 
 signify a soft glandular swelling; — Adenoiicus, 
 one of a harder character. — Kraus. 
 Adenophyma Inguinalis. Bubo. 
 ADENOSCIR'RHUS, Adenosclero'sh, from 
 a&riv, 'a gland,' and oKippoi, 'induration.' Scir- 
 rhous induration of a gland. 
 
 ADENOSCLEROSIS, Adenoscirrhus. 
 ADENOSIS SCROPHULOSA, Scrofula. 
 ADENO'SUS, [Ahaces'sus). A hard, glandular 
 abscess, which suppurates slowly. — M. A. Seve- 
 rinus. 
 
 ADENOSYNCHITONITIS, Ophthalmia Neo- 
 natorum. 
 
 ADENOT'OMT, Adenotom'ia, from a&nv, 'a 
 gland,' and rtjivit), 'I cut.' Dissection of the 
 glands. 
 
 ADEPHAGIA, Addephagia, Boulimia. 
 ADEPS, genitive Adipis, Adejis Suillu8,0xyn'- 
 gium, Pingue'do, Lar'idum, Lardum, Lard. 
 (Prov.) Mort, Sallis, Swinesame. Pig's flare. 
 The fat of the hog. In the Ph. U. S., the pre- 
 pared fat of Sus scrofa, free from saline matter. 
 
 ApEPS Anseri'nus, Adeps an'seris or Goose 
 grease, (F.) Graisse d'Oie, is emollient. It has 
 been used as an emetic. 
 
 Adeps Cantharidibus Medicatus, Unguen- 
 tum lyttee medicatum— a. Cortice Daphnes gnidii 
 medicatus, Unguentum epispasticum de Daphne 
 gnidio — a. Humanus, Liquamumia — a. Hydrar- 
 gyro medicatus, Unguentum Hydrargyri — a. ex 
 Hydrargyro mitius dictum cinereum, Unguentum 
 oxidi hydrargyri cinereum — a. Hydrargyri muri- 
 ate oxygenato medicatus, Unguentum muriatis 
 hydrargyri oxygenati medicatum — a. Hydrargyri 
 nitrate medicatus, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis 
 — a. Hydrargyri oxido rubro et plumbi acetate 
 medicatus, Unguentum ophthalmicum — a. Lauro 
 medicatus, Unguentum laurinum — a. Myristicas, 
 see Myristica — a. Ovilli, Sevum — a. Papavere, 
 hyoscyamo, et belladonna medicatus, Unguentum 
 populeum. 
 
 Adeps Pr^para'tus, A. Sm'lUis PrcBpni-a'tus, 
 Mog's lard, Barrow's grease. Lard, Ax'unge, 
 Axu7i'gia, Axun'gia porci'na, (F.) Graisse de 
 Pore, Saindonx, Axonge, is prepared by melting 
 pig's flare, and straining it. This is called ren- 
 dering the lard. Lard is emollient, but is chiefly 
 used for forming ointments and plasters. 
 
 Adeps Suillus Pr^eparatus, Adeps Prsepa- 
 ratus — a. Sulfure et ammonise muriate medicatus, 
 Unguentum sulphuratum ad scabiem — a. Sulfure 
 et carbonate potassae medicatus, Unguentum 
 sulphuratum alcalinum ad scabiem — a. Tartaro 
 stibii medicatus, Unguentum antimonii tartarizati 
 — a. Oxido zinci medicatus, Unguentum oxidi 
 zinci impuri. 
 
 ADEPT, Alchymist. 
 
 ADEP'TA MEDICI'NA. Medicine, which 
 treated of diseases contracted by celestial opera- 
 tions, or communicated from heaven. 
 Adepta Philosophia, Alchymy. 
 
 ADERMONERVIA, Dermataneuria. 
 
 ADERMOTROPH'IA, from a, priv., Scpjia, 
 'skin,' and Tpo<pri, 'nourishment.' Extenuation 
 or atrophy of the skin. 
 
 ADFLATUS, Afflatus. 
 
 ADH^RENTIA, Adherence. 
 
 ADH^SIO, Adherence. 
 
 ADHATO'DA, Justic"ia adhato'da. The 3Ia- 
 lahar Nut Tree. (F.) Noyer de Ceylon. Used 
 in India for expelling the dead foetus in abortion. 
 The word is said to convey this meaning in the 
 Ceylonese. 
 
 ADHE'RENCE, Adhe'sion, AdhcBren'tia, Con- 
 cre'tio, Atre'sia, Pros'physis, ProscoUe'sis, Ad- 
 Jicb'sio, from adhcerere, {ad and JieBrere,} ' to stick 
 to.' These words are usually employed synonym- 
 ously. The French often use adherence for the 
 state of union, and adhesion for the act of ad- 
 hering. 
 
 ADHESION, Adherence. 
 
 ADHE'SIVE INFLAMMA'TION is that in- 
 flammation which terminates by an adhesion 
 between inflamed and separated surfaces, and 
 which was, at one time, supposed to be necessary 
 for such adhesion. 
 
 Adhe'sive is also an epithet for certain plasters 
 which stick closely to the skin. 
 
 ADIANTHUM, Adiantum. 
 
 ADIANTUM, A. pedatum. 
 
 Adiantum ^thiop'icum. A South African 
 plant, Ord. Filices, an infusion of which is some- 
 times used as an emollient in coughs, and in 
 diseases of the chest. 
 
 Adiantum Album, Asplenium ruta muraria — 
 a. Aureum, Polytrichum. 
 
 Adian'tum Capil'lus Ven'bris, A. Coriandri- 
 fo'lium seu Nigrum, Capil'lus Ven'eris, from a, 
 privative, and Siaivio, 'to grow wet,' from the 
 leaves not being easily moistened. Maiden hair. 
 (F.) Capillaire de Montpellier. A European 
 plant, of feeble, aromatic and demulcent pro- 
 perties. It is used for forming the Sirop de Ca- 
 pillaire or Capillaire. 
 
 Adiantum Coriandrifolium, A. Capillus Ve- 
 neris — a. Nigrum, A. Capillus Veneris. 
 
 Adian'tum Peda'tum, A. Canaden'se seu Pa- 
 tens, Adiantum, Capil'lus Ven'ei'ia Canaden'sis, 
 Herba Ven'eris, Filix Ven'eris, Canada Maiden- 
 hair, American Jfaidenhair, Roclfern, Sweetfern, 
 (F.) Capillaire du Canada, has the same proper- 
 ties. Capillaire was once made from this. See 
 Adiantum. 
 
 Adiantum RuBRUir,Asplenium trichomanoides. 
 
 ADIAPHANIE PERICHRYSAL TIQ UE, 
 see Cataract. 
 
 ADIAPHORO'SIS, Adiaphore'sis, from a, pri- 
 vative, (5ja, 'through,' and 0opos, 'a pore.' Defect 
 ot suppression of perspiration, Adia'pneus'tia. 
 
 ADIAPH'OROUS, Adiaph'orus, Indiff'erens, 
 Neutral. A medicine which will neither do harm 
 nor good. 
 
 ADIAPNEUSTIA, Adiaphorosis. 
 
 ADIARRHCE'A, from a, privative, and 5iap- 
 puv, ' to flow.' Retention of any excretion. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 ADIATH'ESIC, Adiathes'ieus, from a, priva- 
 tive, and &iaSre<Jis, ' diathesis.' In the system of 
 controstimulism, adiathesic diseases are such as 
 occur without any antecedent diathesis. 
 
 ADICE, Urtica. 
 
 ADIPATUS, Fatty. 
 
 ABIPEUX, Adipose. 
 
 ADIPOCERA, Adipocire — a. Cetosa, Ceta- 
 ceum. 
 
 ADIPOCIRE, Adipoce'ra, from adeps, 'fat,* 
 and cera, 'wax.' The base of biliary calculi, 
 called also Choi' esterine. Also, a sort of soap, 
 formed from animal matter under certain eircutn- 
 
ADIPOCIRE DE BALEINE 3 5 
 
 iEDGEOGARGARISMUS 
 
 stances. (F.) Gras des Cadavres, Gras des Cime- ' 
 fibres. The human body, when it has been for 
 some weeks in water, assumes this appearance ; 
 and it has been a subject of legal inquiry, what 
 length of time is necessary to produce it. This 
 must, of course, depend upon various circum- 
 stances, as climate, season, &c. 
 
 ADIPOCIRE BE BALEINE, Cetaeeum. 
 
 AD'IPOSE, Ad'ipous, Adipo'sus, from adeps, ; 
 'fat.' (F.) Adipeux. That which relates to fat — 
 as Adipose membrane, A. vessels, &c. See Fatty. 
 
 Ad'ipose Sarco'ma of Ab'erxethy, Emp)hy'riia. 
 sarco'ma adipo'sum, is suetty throughout, and 
 enclosed in a thin capsule of condensed areolar 
 substance, connected by means of minute vessels. 
 It is chiefly found on the fore and back parts of 
 the trunk. See Sarcoma. 
 
 ADIPOSIS. See Polysareia. 
 
 Adipo'sis Hepat'ica, Pimelo'sis seu steato'ais 
 seu malax'is hepat'ica, Hepnr adipo' sum, Fatty 
 liver. Fatty degeneration of the liver, (F.) Becje- 
 nerescence graisseuse du Foie. Fatty disease of 
 the liver. 
 
 ADIPOSUS, Fatty. 
 
 ADIPOUS, Fatty. 
 
 ADIP'SIA, i>t)j8o'si".? expers. Absence of thirst. 
 
 ADIP'SON, Adip'sum, from a, privative, and 
 Si'ija, 'thirst.' Any substance which relieves 
 thirst. Applied to a decoction of barley to which 
 oxymel was added. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ADIPSOS, Glyeyrrhiza. 
 
 AD'ITUS, 'an entrance/ 'an approach;' from 
 adere, aditum, 'to go to.' Pros' odos. The en- 
 trance to a canal or duct, as Aditus ad AqitcBduc- 
 tum Fallopii. 
 
 Aditus ad Infundibuluii, Vulva. 
 
 ADIULIS'TOS, from a, privative, and iiv'Ki(^<i), 
 ' I strain.' Unstrained wine for pharmaceutical 
 purposes. — Gorrasus. 
 
 ADJUNCTUM, Accompaniment. 
 
 ADJUTOR PARTUS, Accoucheur. 
 
 AD'JUVANT, Ad'juvans, from adjuvare, '^to 
 aid.' A medicine, introduced into a prescription 
 to aid tho operation of the principal ingredient 
 or basis. Also, whatever assists in the removal 
 or prevention of disease. 
 
 ADMINICULE, Adminic'ulum, [ad and ma- 
 nus, 'a. hand'). A prop, a support. Anything 
 that aids the action of a remedy. 
 
 ADNASCENTIA, Prosphysis. 
 
 ADJTATA (TUNICA,) Conjunctiva. 
 
 ABNEE {MEMBRANE,) Conjunctiva. 
 
 ADOLES'CENCE, Adolescen'tia, Juven'ta, Ju~ 
 ven'tas, Juven'tus, AEtas bona. Youth; from ado- 
 lescere, {ad and olescere,) 'to grow.' (F.) Jeun- 
 esse. The period between puberty and that at 
 which the body acquires its full development; 
 being, in man, between the l-4th and 25th years ; 
 and, in woman, between the 12th and 21st. 
 
 ADOLES'CENS, Ju'venis, Hebe'tes, Hebe'ter, 
 Hebe'tor, Hypene'tes. A youth. A young man 
 in the period of adolescence. 
 
 ^VDO'LIA. A Malabar plant, whose leaves, 
 put in oil, form a liniment, used in facilitating 
 labour. 
 
 ADOR, Zea mays. 
 
 ADORION, Caucus carota. 
 ABOUOISSANT. Demulcent. 
 AD PONDUS OM'NIUM. The weight of the 
 whole. In a prescription it means, that any 
 particular ingredient shall equal in weight the 
 whole of the others. 
 
 AB RAG ANT, Tragacantha. 
 ABRAGANTEE, Tragacantha. 
 ADRA RIZA, Aristolochia clematitis. 
 ADROBO'LON, from abpoi, 'great,' and iSuXoj, 
 'mass.' The bdellium of India, which is in larger 
 pieces than that of Arabia. 
 
 ADROS, aSpoq, 'plump and full.' Applied to 
 the habit of body, and also to the pulse. — Hippo- 
 crates. 
 
 ADSARIA PALA, Dolichos pruriens. 
 
 ADSPIRATIO, Aspiration, Inspiration. 
 
 ADSTANS, Prostate. 
 
 ADSTITES GLANDULOSI, Prostate. 
 
 ADSTRICTIO, Astriction, Constipation. 
 
 ADSTRICTORIA, Astringents. 
 
 ADSTRINGEXTIA, Astringents. 
 
 ADULAS'SO. The Justitia bivalvis. A small 
 shrub, used in India as a local application in gout. 
 
 ADULT, see Adult age. 
 
 Adult Age, Andri'a, from adolescere, ' to 
 grow to,' {ad and olere, olitum, 'to grow.') Vi- 
 ril'ity, manhood. The age succeeding adoles- 
 cence, and preceding old age. In the civil law, 
 an adult is one, who, if a boy, has attained the 
 age of fourteen years; and, if a girl, of twelve. 
 In the common law, one of full age. Adult, 
 Adul'tus, is also used for one in the adult age. 
 
 ADULTERATIO, Falsification. 
 
 ADULTUS, see Adult aze. 
 
 ADUXCATIO UNGUIUM, Onychogryphosis. 
 
 ADURENS, Caustic. 
 
 ADURION, Rhus coriaria. 
 
 ADUST, Adus'tus, from adurere, {ad and 
 urere,) 'to burn.' The blood and fluids were 
 formerly said to be adust, when there was much 
 heat in the constitution, and but little serum in 
 the blood. 
 
 ADUSTIO, Adustion, Burn. 
 
 ADUS'TIOX, Adus'tio. State of the body 
 described under Adust. In surgery, it signifies 
 cauterization. 
 
 ADVENTITIOUS DISEASES, Acquired dis- 
 eases. 
 
 ADVENTITIUS, Accidental. 
 
 ADYNA'MIA, Lnpoten'tia; from a, privative, 
 and Svvafitg, 'strength,' Adyna'sia, Adyna'tia. 
 Considerable debility of the vital powers ; as in 
 typhus fever. Some Nosologists have a class of 
 i| diseases under the name AdynamicB, Ec'lyses, 
 :l Morbi asthen'ici. 
 i ADY^•A^rrA Virilis, Impotence. 
 J ADYNAAI'IC, Adynam'icus, Hypodynam'ic, 
 jl Eypodynam'icxis ; same etymon. Appertaining 
 '■: to debility of the vital powers. 
 'i ADYNASIA, Adynamia, 
 i ADYNATIA, Adynamia. 
 
 ADYNATOCOMIUM, Hospital. 
 
 ADYNATODOCHIUM, Hospital. 
 
 ADYNATOS, Sickly. 
 
 iEDCEA, Genital Organs. 
 
 ^DCE'AGRA, from ai&oia, 'genital organs,' 
 '■ and aypa, ' seizure.' Gout in the genitals. 
 
 ^DCEAG'RAPHY, ^AlceagrajMia, JEdce- 
 \ og'raphy, from aiioia, 'organs of generation,' and 
 yoa(piJi, ' I describe.' A description of the organs 
 of generation. 
 ; ^DCEAL'OGY, Ji:doealog"ia,JEdceoVogy, from 
 aiioia, ' organs of generation,' and >ioyos, ' a de- 
 scription.' A treatise on the organs of generation. 
 
 ^DCEAT'OMY, ^doeatom'ia, vEdonotom'ia, 
 JEdceot'ome, JEdmot'omy, from ai&oia, 'organs of 
 generation,' and tcjiviji, ' I cut.' Dissection of the 
 parts of generation. 
 
 ^DCEI'TIS, uEdceoti'tis, MedeVtis ; from at- 
 ioia, 'organs of generation,' and itis, denoting 
 inflammation. Inflammation of the genital or- 
 gans. 
 
 ^DCEOBLENORRHCEA, Leucorrhoea. 
 
 ^DCEODYN'IA, from aihoia, 'organs of gene- 
 ration,' and ohvvrj, 'pain.' Pain in the genitals. 
 Pudendagra. 
 
 ^D(EOGARGALUS, Masturbation, Nympho- 
 mania. 
 
 iEDCEOGARGARISMUS, Masturbation, 
 Nymphomania. 
 
iEDCEOGRAPHY 
 
 36 
 
 AEROMANCY 
 
 /EDOaOGRAPHT, ^doeagraphy. 
 ^DGEOLOGY, iEdoealogy. 
 ^DCEOMANIA, Nymphomania. 
 ^DCEOMYCODERMI'TIS, from aiSoia, 'or- 
 gans of generation,' i^vko;, ' mucus,' and Sepi-ta, 
 ' skin.' Inflammation of the mucous membrane 
 of the genital organs. 
 ^DQEOX, Inguen. 
 jEDCEOPSOPHESIS, ^doeopsophia. 
 ^DCEOPSOPH'IA, ^dixopsojyhe'sis, from ai- 
 6oia, ' organs of generation,' and -i/oipciv, ' to make 
 a noise.' Emission of wind by the urethra in 
 man, by the vagina in woman. — Sauvages and 
 Sagar. 
 jSilDCEOPSOPHiA Uterina, Physometra. 
 ^DCEOS'COPY, jEdmoscop' ia, from aihoia, 
 'organs of generation,' and oko-eiv, 'to view.' 
 Exploration of the organs of generation. 
 
 ^DCEOTITIS, ^dffiitis— 86. Gangrsenosa, Col- 
 pocace — £6. Gangrenosa puellarum, Colpocace 
 infantilis — se. Gangraenosa puerperarum, Colpo- 
 cace puerperarum. 
 ^DCEOTOME, ^dceatomy. 
 ^DCEOTOMIA, ^doeatomy. 
 j^DCEOTOMY, ^dceatomy. 
 jEDOPTOSIS, Hysteroptosis — £b. Uteri, Pro- 
 lapsus uteri — se. Uteri inversa, Uterus, inversion 
 of the — ae. Uteri retroversa, Retroversio uteri — 
 se. Vaginae, Prolapsus V. — se. Vesicaj, Exocyste. 
 ..SIEIG'LUCES, Aeig'laces. from azi, 'always,' 
 and yXvxuj, ' sweet.' A kind of sweet wine or 
 must. — Gorrseus. 
 
 ^GAGROPI'LA, JEc/agro2)i' Ins, from aiyaypog, 
 'the rock goat,' and -iXoj, 'hair,' Bezoar d'Alle- 
 inagne, Pila Dcnna'rum seu Miqiieapra'rtim. A 
 ball composed of hairs, found in the stomach of 
 the goat : once used medicinally. 
 ^GEIROS, Populus. 
 iEGER, Sick. 
 
 ^'GIAS, -iEgis, ^ylia, jE'gides, from ai^, 
 oiyoi, 'the goat;' why, is not known. (F.) Aige 
 or Aigle. There is obscurity regarding the pre- 
 cise meaning of this word. It was used to desig- 
 nate an ulcer, or speck on the transparent cornea. 
 — Hippocrates. 
 
 Maitre Jean uses it for a calcareous deposit 
 between the conjunctiva and sclerotica. 
 iEGIDES, ^gias. 
 
 JS'GILOPS, An'chilops, An'kylopB, from ai^, 
 aiyog, 'goat,' and uxp, 'the eye.' An ulcer at the 
 greater angle of the eye, which sometimes cloes 
 not penetrate to the lachrymal sac, but at others 
 does, and constitutes fistula lacrymalis. — Galen, 
 Celsus. Oribasius, Aetius, Paulus of iEgina, &c. 
 
 .SIGI'RINOjST. An ointment of which the fruit 
 or flower of the poplar was an ingredient; from 
 atyttpof, ' the black poplar.' 
 ^GLIA, iEgias. 
 
 ^GOCERAS, Trigonella foenum. 
 ^GOLETHRON. Ranunculus flammula. 
 jEGOXYCHON, Lithospermum ofiacinale. 
 ^GOPHONIA, Egophony. 
 uSlGOPHONICUS, Egophonic. 
 ^GOPODIUM PODAGRARIA, Ligusticum 
 podagraria. 
 
 ^GRIPPA, Agrippa. 
 
 iEGRITUDO, Disease— ae. Ventriculi, Vomit- 
 ing. 
 
 iEGROTATIO, Disease. 
 ^GROTUS, Sick. 
 
 jSilGYP'TIA. An epithet for several medi- 
 cines, mentioned by Galen, Paulus of .Sgina, 
 and Myrepsus. 
 
 j^GYPTiA MoscHATA, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
 
 ^GYP'tiA StTPTe'ria, Aiyvima (jTv-rrjoia, 
 
 Egyptian alum. Piecommended by Hippocrates. 
 
 JEgtp'tia Ul'cera; Egyptian ulcers. Ulcers 
 
 of the fauces and tonsils, described by Aretseus, 
 
 as common in Egypt and Syria. 
 
 ^GYPTIACUM, j^gyp'tion, Mende'sion, Mel 
 JEgyptiaeum, Phar'maeum JEgyptiacum. A pre- 
 paration of vinegar, honey, and verdigris, scarcely 
 used now, except by veterinary surgeons as a de- 
 tergent. See Linimentum ^ruginis. 
 ^GYPTION", ^gyptiacum. 
 JEGYPTIUM MEDICAMENTUM AD 
 AURES, Pharmacum ad aures. 
 
 ^GYP'TIUS PESSUS: JSgyptian 2>essary. 
 A pessary, composed of honey, turpentine, butter, 
 oil of lily or of rose, saffron, each one part; with 
 sometimes a small quantity of verdigris. 
 AEICHRYSON, Sedum. 
 ^IPATHEIA, see Continent (Disease.) 
 AEIPATHIA, see Continent (Disease.) 
 .3EM0PT0ICA PASSIO, Haemoptysis. 
 ^XEA, Catheter. 
 ^OLECTHYMA, Variola. 
 ^OLLION, Varicella. 
 iEOLLIUM, Varicella. 
 
 jEON, aiwv. The entire age of a man from 
 birth till death. — Hippocrates, Galen. Also, the 
 spinal marrow. See Medulla Spinalis. 
 ^ONESIS, Fomentation. 
 J^.ONION, Sedum. 
 
 MO'HA, from aioipeuy, 'I suspend.' Gestation, 
 swinging. — Aetius, Celsus, &c. 
 ^QUALIS, Equal. 
 
 ^QUA'TOR OC'ULI. The line formed by the 
 union of the upper and under ej'elid, when they 
 are closed. It is below the middle of the globe. 
 ^QUIVOCUS, Equivocal. 
 AER, Air. 
 
 AERATION OF THE BLOOD, Haematosis. 
 AERATUS, Carbonated. 
 
 AERENDOCAR'DIA, (F.) A^rendocardle, 
 from* arjp, 'air,' and endocardium. Presence of 
 air in the endocardium or lining membrane of the 
 heart. — Piorry. 
 
 AERE, Carbonated. 
 .AERENTERECTASIA, Tympanites. 
 ^REOLUM, JEreolus, Qhalem. The sixth 
 part of an obolus by weight, consequently about 
 2 grains. 
 
 ^'RESIS, aiptaii, ' the removal of any thing.' 
 A suifix denoting a removal or separation, as 
 Aphcsresis, Diaresis, &,c. 
 
 AERETHMIE, Emphysema. 
 AERETH3I0PNEUM0NIE, see Emphysema 
 of the Lungs. 
 
 AERGIA, Torpor. 
 
 AERHiEMATOX'IA, (F.) Aerhematoxie ; 
 from avp, ' air,' aipa, ' blood,' and to^ikov, ' poison.' 
 Poisoning by the reception of air into the blood- 
 vessels. 
 
 AERIF'EROUS, Aerifer, (F.) Aerifh-e, from 
 aer, 'air,' and ferre, 'to carry.' An epithet for 
 tubes which convey air, as the larynx, trachea, 
 and bronchia. 
 
 AERIFLUX'US. The discharge of gas, and 
 the fetid emanations from the sick. Flatulence. 
 — Sauvages. 
 
 AERODERMECTASIA, Emphysema. 
 AERODIAPH'THORA, from arip, 'air,' and 
 Sidipdopa, 'corruption.' A corrupt state of the air. 
 AERO-ENTERECTASIA, Tympanites. 
 AEROHYDROP'ATHY. Aerohydropathl'a, 
 from arip, 'air,' v&wp, 'water,' and va^os, 'affec- 
 tion.' A mode of treating disease, in which air 
 and water are the chief agents employed. 
 
 AEROL'OGY; Aerolog"ia, Aerolog"ice, from 
 avp, 'air,' and Xoyo;, 'a description.' That part 
 of physics which treats of the air, its qualities, 
 uses, and action on the animal economy. 
 
 AEROMAN'CY, Aeromanti'a, from anp, 'air,' 
 i and navTiia, 'divination.' An art in judicial as- 
 
aEromeli 
 
 37 
 
 /ETHER 
 
 trology, which consists in the foretelling, by 
 means of the air, or substances found in the at- 
 mosphere. 
 
 AEROMELI, Fraxinus ornus. 
 
 AEROPERITONIE, see Tympanites. 
 
 AEROPHOB'IA, from a^p, 'air,' and <^o^oi, 
 'fear.' Dread of the air. This symptom often 
 accompanies hydrophobia, and sometimes hyste- 
 ria and other affections. 
 
 AEROPHOB'ICUS, AeropV ohns ; same ety- 
 mon. One affected with aerophobia. 
 
 AEROPHOBUS, Aerophobicus. 
 
 AEROPHTHORA, Aerodiaphthora. 
 
 AtiROPLEURIE, Pneumothorax. 
 
 AEROPNEUIdONASIE, see Emphysema of 
 the Lungs. 
 
 AEROPNEUMONECTASIE, see Emphy- 
 sema of the Lungs. 
 
 AERORA'CHIA, from anp, 'air,' and pa'x^n, 
 'spine.' Accumulation of air in the spine. 
 
 AEROSIS, Pneumatosis, Tympanites. 
 
 AEROTHORAX, Pneumothorax. 
 
 iERUCA, Cupri subacetas. 
 
 iERU'GINOUS, JErvgino'sus, lo'des, from 
 mrugo, 'verdigris.' (F.) Erugineux. Resem- 
 bling verdigris in colour; as the bile when dis- 
 charged at times from the stomach. 
 
 ^RU'GO, 105, from cbs, 'copper.' The rust 
 of any metal, properly of brass. See Cupri Suba- 
 cetas, 
 
 M'&vnr) Ferri, Ferri subearbonas — se. Plumbi, 
 Plumbi subearbonas. 
 
 ^S, Cuprum. 
 
 -^SCHOS, aiay^og. Deformity of the body gene- 
 rally, or of some part.— Hippocrates. 
 
 iiS'CULUS HIPPOCAS'TANUM, from esca, 
 ' food,' [ ?] Casta'iiea equi'na, Pavi'na, Morse- 
 chestnut, Buck-eye. (F.) Ilarronier ou 3Iarron- 
 nier d'Inde. Ord. Hippocastanese. Sex. Syst. 
 Heptandria Monogynia. The bark has been 
 advised as a substitute for cinchona. Both barii 
 and fruit are astringent. Externally, it has been 
 employed, like cinchona, in gangrene. 
 
 ^SECAVUM, Brass. 
 
 ESTATES, Ephelides. 
 
 jESTHE'MA, aiadriiia, aiaQnfiaTog, 'a sensa- 
 tion, a perception.' See Sensation and Sensi- 
 bility. In the plural, cBsthe'mata, the apparatuses 
 of the senses. 
 
 iE S T H E M A T L' G Y, yEsthematolog" ia ; 
 from aiuQ-nfia, aurdrjuaroi and Xoyos, ' a discourse.' 
 The doctrine of, or a treatise on, the senses, or 
 on the apparatus of the senses. 
 
 JBSTHBMATONU'SI, ^sthematorganonu'si, 
 from aiadriiia, aiaQrjfiaTOi, and vovcoi, ' diseases.' 
 Diseases affecting .sensation. 
 
 ^STHEMATORGANONUSI, iEsthe- 
 matonusi. 
 
 MQTR'E.&lOQr'V.AVHY,JE8thesiogra'2}hia, 
 from aiff-3-)?cr(f, 'perception, sensation,' and ■ypa(pri, 
 'a description.' A description of the sensorial 
 apparatuses. 
 
 iESTHESIOL'OGY, JSsthesiolog" ia, from 
 aia^viiL';, ' perception, sensation,' and \oyoi, ' a 
 discourse.' The doctrine of, or a treatise on, 
 sensation or the senses. 
 
 ^STHE'SIS, Aisthe'sis, from aiaSavonai, ' I 
 feel.' The faculty of being affected by a sensa- 
 tion. Perception. Sensibility, as well as the 
 senses themselves. See Sense. 
 
 iESTHETERIOISr, Sensorium. 
 
 ^STHET'ICA, from aiadavoyLai, ' I feel.' Dis- 
 eases affecting the sensations. Dulness, depra- 
 vation or abolition of one or more of the external 
 organs of sense. The 2d order, class Kturotica, 
 of Good. Also, agents that affect sensation. — 
 Pereira. 
 
 iESTIVUS, Estival. 
 
 .^STUARIUM, Stove. 
 
 iESTUATIO, Ardor, Ebullition, Fermentation. 
 
 ^STUS, Ardor, 
 
 ^STUs Volat'icus. Sudden heat, scorching 
 or flushing of the face.-^Vogel. 
 
 ^TAS, Age — 83. Bona, Adolescence — ae. De- 
 crepita. Decrepitude — 33. Mala, Senectus — se. 
 Provecta, Senectus — se. Senilis, Senectus. 
 
 .ZETHER, Ether, from ai&rip, 'air,' or from ai^a, 
 'I burn.' Ncqihtha. Liquor cBthe'reus. A vola- 
 tile liquor obtained by distillation from a mix- 
 ture of alcohol and a concentrated acid. See 
 jEther sulphuricus, and Ether. 
 
 ^THER AcETicus, see ^ther Sulphuricus — se. 
 Chloricus, Chloroform, Ether, chloric. 
 
 JSther Hydriod'icus, Hydriod'ic or lodhy'- 
 dric Ether, Iodide of Ethyle. (F.) Ether iodJiy- 
 drique : obtained by mixing alcohol, parts v.; 
 iodine, parts x. ; and phosphorus, one part, and 
 distilling. It is used for iodine inhalation. 
 
 .^THER Hydrochloricus; ^Ether muriaticus. 
 
 .35THER Hydrocyan'icus, ^E. Prus'sicus, Hy- 
 drocyan'ic or Prussia Ether, Hydrocy'anate of 
 Eth'erine, Cyan'nretof Eth'yle, (F.) Ether Hydro- 
 cyanique, has been advised in hooping-cough, 
 and where the hydrocyanic acid is indicated. 
 Dose, 6 drops. 
 
 JSther Lignosus, Acetone — se. Martialis, 
 Tinctura seu Alcohol sulfurico-sethereus ferri. 
 
 ^ther MuRiAT'iCDS,yE'. Hydrochlo'ricus, Jfu- 
 riat'ic, Chlorohy'dric or Marine Ether, 3Iu'riate 
 of Etherine, Chloride of Ethyle. This ether, on 
 account of its volatility, can only be kept in cool 
 places. It has the properties of the other ethers, 
 and when used is generally mixed with an equal 
 bulk of alcohol. It has been employed as an 
 anaesthetic. 
 
 A Chlorinated Chlorohydric Ether, (F.) Ether 
 Chlorhydrique chlore, formed by the action of 
 Chlorine on Chlorohydric Ether, has been intro- 
 duced into practice as a local anassthetic. 
 
 j35]ther Muriaticds Alcoholicus, Spiritus 
 astheris muriaticus — ee. Nitricus, see ^Ether Sul- 
 phuricus — ae. Nitricus Alcoolisatus, Spiritus 
 getheris nitrici — eb. Pyro-aceticus, Acetone — as. 
 Nitrosus, see iEther sulphuricus. 
 
 ^THER Sdlphu'ricus, ^ther (Ph. U. S.), ^. 
 Vitriol'icus, Naphtha Vitrioli seu Sulphu'rioa, 
 O'leum vitriole dulce, Sid'phnric Ether. (F.) 
 Ether, Ether sulfurique, vitriolique ou hydrati- 
 que. Ether prepared from sulpjhurio acid and 
 alcohol. 
 
 Rectified Ether, yEther rectifica'tus, prepared 
 by distilling 12 oz. from a mixture of suljohnrio 
 ether, fjxiv, fused potass, ,^ss. and distilled 
 vjater, fjij, is a limpid, colourless, very inflam- 
 mable, volatile liquor; of a penetrating and fra- 
 grant odour, and hot pungent taste. Its s. g. is 
 0.732. 
 
 jEther Sulphuricus, Sulphuric Ether of the 
 Pharmacoposia of the United States (1842), 
 ^Ether of that of 1851, is formed from alcohol, 
 Oiv ; sidphuric acid, Oj ; potassa, ^vj ; distilled 
 water, f^iij; distilling and redistilling according 
 to the process there laid down. The specific gra- 
 vity of this ether is 0.750. 
 
 It is a diffusible stimulant, narcotic and anti- 
 spasmodic, and is externally refrigerant. Dose, 
 gtt. XXX to f^iss. When ether is inhaled, it is 
 found to be a valuable anesthetic agent: and is 
 employed with advantage in spasmodic afi'ections, 
 and in surgical operations. See Anaesthetic. 
 
 The Parisian Codex has an ^ther ace'ticus, 
 Naphtha Ace'ti, (F.) Ether aeetique ; an JEther 
 muria'ticns seu hydrochlo'ricus, (F.) Ether chlor- 
 hydrique j aa. ^ther ni'tricus seu nitro'sus, (F.} 
 
^THEREA HERBA 
 
 38 
 
 AFFUSION 
 
 Ether nitrique ou nitreux ou azoteux ; and an 
 ^ther phosphora'tus. They all possess similar 
 virtues. See Anassthetic. 
 
 ^THBB SuLPHURicus AciDus, Elixir acidum 
 Halleri — se. Sulphuricus cum alcohole, Spiritus 
 setlieris sulphuric! — se. Sulphuricus cum alcohole 
 aromaticus, Spiritus eetheris aromaticus. 
 
 ^THEB Terebinthina'tus, Terebinth' inated 
 ether, made by mixing gradually two pounds of 
 alcohol, and half a pound of spirit of turpentine, 
 with two pounds of concentrated nitric acid, and 
 distilling one-half the mixture with a gentle heat. 
 Employed externally and internally in biliary 
 calculi, rheumatism, &c. Dose 20 to 40 drops, 
 in honey or yolk of egg. 
 
 iETHEREA HERBA, Eryngium maritimum. 
 
 ^THE'REAL, JSthe'reus, Ethe'renl, Ethe'- 
 reoua, (F.) Etheree. An ethereal tincture, (F.) 
 Teintiire etheree, is one formed by the action of 
 sulphuric ether, at the ordinary temperature, on 
 medicinal substances. An ethereal oil is a vola- 
 tile oil. See Olea Volatilia. 
 
 iETHERISMUS, Etherism. 
 
 ^THERISATIO, Etherization. 
 
 ^THERISATUS, Etherized. 
 
 ^THE'REO-OLEO'SA(Remedia),from^<Ae- 
 roletmi, 'a volatile oil.' Remedies, whose pro- 
 perties are dependent upon the volatile oil they 
 contain. 
 
 ^THEROLEA, Olea volatilia. 
 
 ^THIOP'ICUS LAPIS, Ethiopian stone. A 
 etone formerly supposed to be possessed of con- 
 siderable virtue. — Oribasius. 
 
 ^THIOPIFICA'TIO, uEthiopopoe'sis, ^thi- 
 opis'mus, jEthinpio'sis, from ^thiops, andj'acere, 
 'to make.' The mummy-like colouring of the 
 skin, induced at times by the use of mercurial 
 ointment; and seen in bodies poisoned by arsenic. 
 
 iETHIOPIOSIS, ^thiopificatio. 
 
 ^THIOPIS, Salvia sclarea. 
 
 ^THIOPISMUS, iEthiopificatio. 
 
 ^THIOPOPOESIS, ^thiopificatio. 
 
 ^'THIOPS, from ai^to, 'I burn,' and wi^, 
 ' countenance.' A black or burnt countenance. 
 The ancients gave this name to certain oxides 
 and sulphurets of metals, which were of a black 
 colour. 
 
 jEthiops Albus, Albino — £e. Alcalisatus, Hy- 
 drargyrum cum creta — se. Animal, see Choroid. 
 
 ^THIOPS Martia'lis, Mar'tial Elhiojys, Ferri 
 Eeutox'ydum nigrum. The black deutoxide of 
 iron : once in repute as a tonic. See Oxydum 
 Ferri nigrum. 
 
 iETHiOPS MiNERALis, Hydrargyri sulphuretum 
 nigrum — se. Narcoticus, Hydrargyri sulphuretum 
 nigrum — se. per se, Hydragyri oxydum cinereum 
 ' — ae. Saceharatus, Hydrargyrum saccharatum — 
 83. Vegetabilis, see Fucus vesiculosus. 
 
 ^THOL'ICES, from at^w, 'I burn.' Fiery 
 pustules on the skin. Some have, considered 
 them to have been boils. 
 
 ^THUSA AMMI, Sison ammi. 
 
 ^THu'sA Cyna'pium, Fool's Parsley, {'F.)Faux 
 Persil, Petite Cigue. Family, Umbelliferae. Sex. 
 Syst. Pentandria Digynia. A poisonous plant, 
 which has been mistaken for true parslej', pro- 
 ducing nausea, vomiting, headache, giddiness, 
 sopor, and at times, fatal results. It resembles 
 conium in its action. 
 
 -tEthu'sa Meum, 3Ieum, 31. Athaman'ticum, 
 sen Anethifo'lium, Athaman'ta Ifeum, Ligus'ticiim 
 Capilla'ceum seu ileum, Ses'eli 3Ieum, Meu, Spig- 
 nel, Baldmoney. (F.) Ethuse, Meum. The root has 
 been advised as carminative, stomachic, <fee. 
 
 ^TIOL'OGY, ^tiolog"ia, Etiol'ogy, Aitio- 
 log"ia, from atria, 'cause,' and Xoyos, 'a dis- 
 course.' The doctrine of the causes of disease. 
 
 .^TI'TES, or AETITES, from aero;, 'an 
 eagle.' Eayle-stone, Pierre d'Aigle, Hydrate de 
 tritoxide de fer. This stone was formerly sup- 
 posed to facilitate delivery, if bound on the thigh ; 
 and to prevent abortion, if bound on the arm. 
 It was also called Lapis Colhjmus. 
 
 MiOl, or AETOI PHLEBES, Temporal veins. 
 
 ^TOLION, Cnidia grana. 
 
 AFFADIL, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. 
 
 AFFADISSEMENT, (F.) from fade, 'insipid.' 
 That condition of the digestive function in which 
 the appetite is diminished, the sense of tas*8 
 blunted, and the action of the stomach enfeebled; 
 a state usually accompanied by general languor. 
 
 AFFAIBLISSE3IENT, Asthenia. 
 
 AFFAIRES, Menses. 
 
 AFFAISSE3IENT, Collapsus. 
 
 AFFECTIO, Affection— a. Arthritica Cordis, 
 Cardiagra — a. Hypochondriaca, Hypochondriasis 
 — a. Hysterica, Hj'steria — a. Sarmatica, Plica — 
 a. Tympanitica, Tympanites. 
 
 AFFECTION, Affec'tio, from officio or affec- 
 fare (ad and facere,) 'to move or influence.' 
 Any mode in which the mind or body is aflfected 
 or modified. 
 
 AFFECTION TYPHOIDE, see Typhus — 
 a. Vaporeuse, Hypochondriasis. 
 
 AFFECTIONES ANIMI, Affections of the 
 mind. 
 
 AFFECTIONS OF THE MIND, Affec'tus seu 
 Passio'nes seu Affectio'nes seu Conquassatio'nes 
 seu Confusio'nes seu Turhatio' nes seu Perturba- 
 tio'nes an'imi, (E.) Affections de Z'ame include not 
 only the different passions, as love, hatred, jea- 
 lousy, <fec., but every condition of the mind that 
 is accompanied by an agreeable or disagreeable 
 feeling, as pleasure, fear, sorrow, <fec. 
 
 In Pathology, Affection, Pathos, Pathe'ma, \i 
 synonymous with disease : thus we speak of a 
 pulmonary affection, a calctdous affection, &c. 
 
 AFFECTIONS BE L'AME. Affections of 
 the mind. 
 
 AFFECTIVE. That which affects, touches, &c. 
 Gall gives the term affective facidties, (F.) FaciU- 
 tes affectives, to functions dependent upon the 
 organization of the brain, comprising the senti- 
 ments, affections, &c. 
 
 APFECTUS, Passion — a. Faueium pestilens, 
 Cynanche maligna — a. Hyderodes, Hydrops — a. 
 Spasmodico-convulsivus labiorum, Neuralgia fa- 
 ciei. 
 
 AF'FERENT, Af'ferens, Centrip' etal, Esod'ie, 
 from cffero, (ac? and /e?-o,-' to carry,') 'I bring.' 
 Conveying inwards, as from the periphery to the 
 centre. The vessels which convey the lymph or 
 chyle to the lymphatic glands, are called afferent, 
 vasa afferen'tia seu inferen'tia. Also, nerves 
 that convey impressions towards the nervous 
 centres — nervi entobcenon'tes. 
 
 AF'FION, Aff'ium, Ofjinm. Opium. The 
 Bantamese thus designate an electuary of which 
 opium is the basis, and which they use as an ex- 
 citant. 
 
 AFFLA'TUS, Adfla'tus, Epijmoi'a, from ad, 
 'to,' and flare, 'to blow.' Any air that strikes 
 the body and produces disease. 
 
 AF'FLUENCE, Afflux, from affluere, (adand 
 ffuere, ' to flow,') ' to flow to.' A flow or deter- 
 mination of humours, and particularly of blood, 
 towards any part. 
 
 AFFLUXUS, Fluxion. 
 
 AFFRODILE, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. 
 
 AFFUSIO, Affusion— a. Frigida, see Affusion 
 — a. Orbicularis, Placenta. 
 
 AFFU'SION, Affn'sio, Pros'chysis, Epieh'ysis, 
 from ad, ' to,' andfundere, fusum, 'to pour.' The 
 action of pouring a liquid on any body. Affu- 
 sions, Bhyptolu'sicE, cold and warm, are used in 
 
AFIUM 
 
 39 
 
 AGGLUTINATIF 
 
 different diseases. The cold affusion, Affii'sio 
 seu Perfu'sio frig"ida, is said to have been bene- 
 ficial ia cutting short typhus fever and scarlatina, 
 if used during the first days. It consists in pla- 
 cing the patient in a tub, and pouring cold water 
 over him ; then wiping him dry, and putting him 
 to bed. The only precaution necessary is, to use 
 it in the state of greatest heat and exacerbation ; 
 not when chilliness, or topical inflammation, is 
 present. 
 
 AFIUM, Opium. 
 
 AFTER-BIRTH, Secundines. 
 
 AFTER-PAINS, See Pains, labour. 
 
 AGACEMENT, (F.) from uku^uv, ' to sharpen.' 
 The setting on edge. 
 
 AGACE3IENT DES BENTS. A disagree- 
 able sensation experienced when acids are placed 
 in contact with the teeth. Tooth-edge. Setting 
 the teeth on edge. 
 
 A GA CEMENT BES NERFS. A slight irri- 
 tation of the system, and particularly of the 
 organs of sense and locomotion, corresponding 
 nearly to the English Fidgets. 
 
 AGAH, Intermittent Fever. 
 
 AGALACTATIO, Agalactia. 
 
 AGALACTIA, Agalax'ia, Agalac'tio, Agalac- 
 ta'tio, Befec'tns lac'tis, Oligoga'lia, Oligogalac'- 
 tia, from a, privative, and yaXa, 'milk.' Absence 
 of milk in the mamma. 
 
 AGALAXIA, Agalactia. 
 
 AGAL'LOCHUM, from aya\\u>, ' I decorate,' 
 Calamhac, Calamhouk, Lig'ntim Agal'loclii veri 
 seu Al'oes seu Asjjal'athi, Xyloiiloes, Aloes icood. 
 A resinous and very aromatic wood of the East 
 Indies, from Exeaca'ria Agal'loclia, Cynome'tra 
 Agal'lockum, Aloex'ylon Agal'loehum. Used in 
 making pastils, &c. — Dioscorides, Oribasius, 
 Paulus. 
 
 AGAMOUS, See Cryptogamous. 
 
 AG'ARIC, Agar'icum, Agar'icus. A genus of 
 plants in the Linnsean sj'Stem, some of which are 
 edible, others poisonous. It is supposed to have 
 been so called from Agaria, a region of Sarmatia. 
 — Dioscorides. Among the edible varieties of the 
 Boletus, the following are the chief: — 1. The 
 Agar'icus edu'lis seu Arven'sis seu Sylvat'icus 
 seu Campes'tris, (F.) Agaric comestible et cham- 
 jyignon de coucJie. 2. The Agar'ic^is odora'tits, 
 (F.) llousseron. The most common poisonous 
 varieties are the Agar'icus neca'tor, (F.) Agaric 
 meurtrier J and, 2. The Agarictcs acris, {¥.) Aga- 
 ric dcre ; besides the Aitranite, a sub-genus, 
 ■which includes several species. One of the most 
 delicate is the Agaricus Aurantiacus, but care 
 must be taken not to confound it with the A. 
 Pseudo-aurantiacus, which is very poisonous. 
 The A. aurantiacus is called, in French, Oronge. 
 See Poisons, Table of. 
 
 Agaric, see Boletus igniarius — a. Amadoiivier, 
 Boletus laricis — a. Blanc, Boletus laricis — a. de 
 Chine, Boletus igniarius — a. Female, Boletus ig- 
 niarius — a. of the Oak, Boletus igniarius — a. 
 Odorant, Dsedalea suaveolens — a. White, Boletus 
 laricis. 
 
 AGARICUM, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 AGARICUS, Boletus igniarius — a. Albus, Bo- 
 letus laricis — a. Arvensis, see Agaric — a. Auran- 
 tiacus, Amanitse, Bolites — a. Aurieulaeforma, 
 Peziza auricula — a. Campestris, see Agaric — a. 
 Chirurgorum, Boletus igniarius — a. Igniarius, 
 Boletus igniarius — a. Laricis, Boletus laricis — 
 a. Pseudo-aurantiacus, Amanitas — a. Quercfls, 
 Boletus igniarius — a. Sylvaticus, see Agaric. 
 
 AGARIFIED, See Feverish. 
 
 AGASTRONER'VIA, (F.) Agastronervie,iTom 
 a, privative, yacrrip, 'stomach,' and vcvpov, 'nerve.' 
 Want of nervous action in the stomach. 
 
 AGASYLLIS GALBANUM.Bubon galbanum. 
 
 AGATHIS DAMARRA, Pinus damarra. 
 
 AGATIIOSMA CRENATUM, Diosma ere- 
 nata. 
 
 AGATHOTES CHIRAYITA, Gcntiana chi- 
 rayita. _ 
 
 AGA'VE AMERICA'NA, A. Ramo'sa, Ameri- 
 can Agave, American aloe. Maguey, from ayavos, 
 'admirable.' Nat. Ord.Hvoxa.&Wacex. Sex. Synt. 
 Hexandria Monogynia. This plant has been 
 considered diuretic and antisyphilitic. The fa- 
 vourite drink of the Mexicans — Pulque — is the 
 fermented juice of this plant. 
 
 Agave Ramosa, A. Americana. 
 
 Agave Virgin'ica, Rattlesnake's master, False 
 aloe, — grows in the Southern States. The root 
 is very bitter. It has been used in tincture as a 
 carminative in colic; and as a remedy for bites 
 of serpents. 
 
 AGE, '7]\tKia, Heli'lcia, ^tas ; — Of uncertain 
 etymon. Period of life. Time that has elapsed 
 since birth, ifcc. Five ages are often designated 
 in the life of man : 1. First infancy {hifan'tia ;) 
 2. Second infancy (PiierWiVf y) 3. Adolescence 
 {Adolescen'tia ;) 4. The adult age {Viril'itas ;) 
 5. Old age, (Old Eng.) Elth, (Senec'tus.) 
 
 AGENEIOS, Imberbis. 
 
 AGEN'ESIS, from a, privative, and ytvtaiq, 
 'generation,' (F.) Agenesie. Imperfect develop- 
 ment of any part of the body ; as cerebral age- 
 nesis, i. e. imperfect development of the brain in 
 the foetus. See Monster. 
 
 AGENNESIA, Impotence, Sterilitas. 
 
 AGENNESIS, Impotence. 
 
 AGENOSO'MUS, from a, privative, ycwau), 
 ' I generate,' and ciiifja, ' body.' A malformation 
 in which the fissure and eventration are chiefly 
 in the lower part of the abdomen ; the urinary or 
 sexual apparatus absent, or very rudimentary. 
 
 AGENT, Agens, from agere, ' to act.' Any 
 power which produces, or tends to produce, an 
 effect on the human body. Morbific agents, (F.) 
 Agens morbifiques, are the causes of disease ; — 
 therapeutical agents, (F.) Agens thSrajoeutiques, 
 the means of treating it. 
 
 AGER NATURE, Uterus. 
 
 AGERA'SIA, Insenescen'tia, from a, privative, 
 and yijpas, ' old age.' A vigorous and green old 
 age. 
 
 AGERATUM, Achillea ageratum— a. Altissi- 
 mum, Eupatorium ageratoides. 
 
 AGE'RATUS LAPIS, Ayriparos. A ston^ 
 used by cobblers to polish shoes. It was for- 
 merly esteemed discutieut and astringent. — Ga- 
 len, Oribasius, Paulus. 
 
 AGES, Palm. 
 
 AGEUSIA, Ageustia. 
 
 AGEUS'TIA, Agheus'tia, Ageusia, Apogeus'- 
 tia, Apogeu'sis, Bysassthe'sia gustato'ria,Ancesthe'- 
 sia gustato'ria, Parageu'sis, from a, priv., and 
 ysvais, ' taste.' Diminution or loss of taste, 
 AncRsthe'sia lingucB. — Sauvages, Cullen. 
 
 AGGLOM'ERATE, Agglomera'tus, from ag- 
 glomerare, [ad and glomerare, 'to wind up yarn 
 in a ball,') ' to collect together.' Applied to tu- 
 mours or glands in aggregation. 
 
 AGGLU'TINANT, Agglu'tinans, CoUet'icus, 
 Glu'tinans, from gluten, 'glue,' (F.) Agglutinant^ 
 Agglutinatif, Glutinatif, Colletique. Remedies 
 were formerly so called, which were considered 
 capable of uniting divided parts. — Paulus. 
 
 Plasters are called agglutinants, (F.) aggluti- 
 natifs, which adhere strongly to the skin. Cer- 
 tain bandages ,are likewise so termed ; (F.) Ban- 
 delettes agglutinatives. 
 
 TO AGGLUTINATE. The French use the 
 word agglutiner in the sense of 'to reunite;' as 
 agglutiner les Uvres d'une plate, 'to reunite the 
 lips of a wound.' 
 
 AGGLUTINATIF, Agglutinant. 
 
AGGLUTINATIO 
 
 40 
 
 AGRYPNODES 
 
 AGGLHTIXATIO, coition. 
 
 AG&LUTINATIOX, Colle'sis, Epicolle'sis, 
 Prosculle'sis, Glutina'tio, from agglutinare, ' to 
 glue together.' The first degree of adhesion. 
 Also, the action of agglutinants. 
 
 AGGLUTINER, To agglutinate. 
 
 AG'GPtEGATE, Aggrega'tus, from aggregare, 
 (ad and gregare,) ' to flock together,' 'to assemble 
 together.' Glands are called aggregate which are 
 in clusters. See Peyeri Glandulte. Aggregate 
 pills, (F.) Pilules agregatives, signified, formerly, 
 those which were believed to contain the proper- 
 ties of a considerable number of medicines, and 
 to be able to supply their place. 
 
 AGHEUSTIA, Ageustia. 
 
 AGHOUL, Agul. 
 
 AGIAHA'LID or AGIHA'LID or AGRA- 
 HA'LID. An Egyptian and Ethiopian shrub, 
 similar to Ximenia. The Ethiopians use it as a 
 vermifuge. The fruit is purgative. 
 
 AGIHALID, Agiahalid. 
 
 AGISSANT, Active. 
 
 AGITATION, Agita'tto, Done'sis, from agere, 
 ' to act.' Constant and fatiguing motion of the 
 body, Tyrhe, Tijrha'sia, In'qiiles, — or distressing 
 mental inquietude, — Aii'imi Agita'tio. 
 
 AGITATORIUS, Convulsive. 
 
 AGLOS'SIA, from a, privative, and ■y\(ucca, 
 'the tongue.' A malformation, which consists 
 in the want of a tongue. 
 
 AGLOSSOS'TOMA, from Aglossia, and aTOfia, 
 'mouth.' A mouth without a tongue. 
 
 AGLOSSOSTOMOG'RAPHY, Aglossostomo- 
 yra'phia, from a, priv., yXojo-o-a, ' the tongue,' 
 GTOjia, 'the mouth,' and ypacju, 'I describe.' 
 Description of a mouth without a tongue. — Ro- 
 land, (of Saumur.) 
 
 AGLUTI'TIOX, Agluti'Hio, from a, priv., and 
 glutire, 'to swallow.' A hybrid term, designa- 
 ting impossibility of swallowing. — Linnseus. 
 
 AGMA, Fracture. 
 
 AGMATOLOG"IA, from ayjia, ayjiaTo?, frac- 
 ture, and 'Xoyoi, 'a description.' The doctrine 
 of fractures. A treatise on fractures. 
 
 AGME, Fractures. 
 
 AGMIXA DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges 
 of the fingers. — a. Membrana, Amnios. 
 
 AGMINATED GLANDS, Peyer's glands. 
 
 AGNAIL, Hangnail. 
 
 AGNA'IHIA, from a, priv., and yvaQoi, 'jaw.' 
 A malformation, which consists in the want of 
 the jaw, especially of the lower. 
 
 AGNINA MEMBRANA, Amnios. 
 
 AGNOI'A, Agnce'a, from a, priv., and yivuiaKui, 
 ' 1 know.' State of a patient who does not recog- 
 nise individuals. — Hippocrates, Galen, Foesius. 
 
 AGNUS^CASTUS, Vitex. 
 
 AGO'GE, aywyri. The order or condition of a 
 disease. — itippoc, Galen. Likewise the state of 
 the air. — Hippoc, Galen, GorrEeus, Foesius. 
 
 AGOGUE, ayojyof, 'a leader,' fromayoi, 'Head 
 or expel.' Hence Cholagogue, an expeller of bile ; 
 Hydragogue, &c. 
 
 AGOMPHI'ASIS, Agompiho'sis, from a, priva- 
 tive, and yofKpom, '1 nail.' Looseness of the 
 teeth. — Gorrseus. See Gomphiasis. 
 
 AGOMPHOSIS, Agomphiasis. 
 
 AGON. Agony. 
 
 AGONE, Hyosevamus. 
 
 AGONIA, Sterilitas. 
 
 AGONISMA, Agonv. 
 
 AGONISMUS. Agony. 
 
 AGONIS'TICA, from ayojv, 'a combat.' The 
 part of ancient gymnastics, which had reference 
 to the combats of the Athletse. 
 
 Also, verj' cold water, given internally to calm 
 febrile heat. — Paulus of ^gina. 
 AGONIZANS, Psyehorages. 
 AGONOS, Sterile. 
 
 AG'ONY, Agon'ia, Agon, Agonis'ma, Agonis'- 
 mus, MochthiM, Jlogits, Psychora.g"ia, Psychor- 
 rJiag"ia, Angor, Throe, Throw, (Sc.) Patient of 
 death, from ayoiv, ' a combat.' The last struggle 
 of life. — Galen, Gorrseus, &e. The agony, which 
 is of longer or shorter duration, is characterized 
 by great change in the features, gradual abolition 
 of sensation and motion, loss of voice, dryness or 
 lividity of the tongue and lips, rattling in the 
 throat, small and intermittent pulse, and coldness 
 of the extremities. This state is not present in 
 those who die suddenly. See Facies Hippo- 
 cratica. 
 
 AGOS'TUS, from ayto, 'I lead.' The fore arm 
 from the elbow to the fingers. Also, the palm of 
 the hand. — Gorrseus. See Palm. 
 
 AGRA, aypa, from aypcui, ' I seize hold of.' A 
 seizure, as Odoiitagra, a. tooth seizure, toothache; 
 Chiragra, Podagra, &C. 
 
 AGPAFE DE VALEXTIX. A kind of for- 
 ceps with parallel branches, employed by Valen- 
 tin in the operation for hare lip, to eflFect the 
 approximation of the edges of the wound. 
 
 AGRAHALID, Agiahalid. 
 
 AGREGATIVES PILULES. See Aggre- 
 gate. 
 
 AGRE2IIE, from agrie, 'gout,' (Piorry,) and 
 aina, 'blood.' The altered condition of the blood 
 in gout. — Piorry. 
 
 AGRIA, Herpes exedens. Lichen agrius. 
 
 AGRIAMPELOS, Bryonia alba. 
 
 AGRICOCCIMELEA. Prunus Spinosa. 
 
 AGRIE, Gout. 
 
 AGRIFOLIUM, Ilex aquifolium. 
 
 AGRIMONIA, Agrimony — a. Eupatoria, 
 Agrimony — a. Odorata, Agrimony — a. OfBcina^ 
 lis. Agrimony. 
 
 Agriiionia Parviflo'ra, Small-flow' ered or 
 Sweet-scented Agrimony ; indigenous; has simi- 
 lar properties to A. Eupatoria. See Agrimony. 
 
 AG'RIMONY, Agrimo'nia, A. Eupato'ria seu 
 odora'ta seu officina' lis, Caf'al, Laji'ptda hepat'- 
 iea, Cochle-hur, Stickicort. (F.) Aigremoine. Ord. 
 Rosaeese. Sex. Syst. leosandria Digynia. A 
 mild astringent and stomachic. Eose, in powder, 
 from 9j to 5J. 
 
 Agrimony, Hemp, Eupatorium cannabinum — 
 a. Small-flowered, Agrimonia parviflora — a; 
 Sweet-scented, Agrimonia parviflora. 
 
 AGRIOCASTANUM, Bunium bulbocastanum, 
 Lycoperdon tuber. 
 
 AGRIOCINARA, Semjiervivum tectorum. 
 
 AGRIORIGANUM, Origanum majorana. 
 
 AGRIOSELINUM, Smyrnumolusatrum. 
 
 AGRIOTHYM'IA, from aypio;, 'ferocious,' 
 and 5u//of, ' disposition.' Ferocious insanity. — 
 Sauvages. 
 
 AGRIPALMA GALLIS, Leonurus cardiaca. 
 
 AGRIP'PA, ^grip'pa, from ceger piartus, 
 'difiicult birth:' or perhaps from aypa, 'taking 
 or seizure,' and Trovg, 'the foot.' This term has 
 been given to those born by the feet. It is pre- 
 tended that the family of Agrippa obtained their 
 name from this circumstance. Parturition, where 
 the feet present, is czXledAgrijypcB pjartua, Agrip- 
 pi'nus piartus. 
 
 AGRIPPINUS PARTUS, see Agrippa. 
 
 AGRO DI CEDRO, see Citrus mediea. 
 
 AGROPYRUM L^VISSlMUM, Triticum re- 
 pens. 
 
 AGROSTEMMA GITHAGO, Lychnis githago, 
 
 AGROSTIS, Bryonia alba — a. Verticillata, 
 Andropogon muricatus. 
 
 AGRUNA, Prunus spinosa. 
 
 AGRYPNIA, Insomnia. 
 
 AGRYPNOCOMA, Coma vigiJ. 
 
 AGRYPNO'DES, from aypv-vo<;, 'sleepless. 
 Characterized by sleeplessness, as Eehris Agryp. 
 nodes, a fever accompanied with sleeplessness. 
 
AGRYPNOTICUS 
 
 41 
 
 AIRIONE 
 
 AGRYPNOTICUS, Anthypnotic. 
 AGRYP'NUS, aypuTvof. Sleepless, vigilant. 
 AGUA BE VEliUGA, see Verugas. 
 AGUARDIENTE, Brandy. See also Spirit. 
 — a. de Italia, see Spirit. 
 
 A'GUE, from Gothic, agis, 'trembling.' (?) In- 
 termittent fever; often used in the same sense 
 as chill or rigor. 
 Ague and Fever, Intermittent fever. 
 Ague, Brow, Neuralgia frontalis. 
 Ague Cake, Placen'ta fehri'lis seu sple'nica, 
 Physco'm'a sple'nica, Splenis Tumor; (F.) Gd- 
 teau febrile. A visceral obstruction — generally 
 in the spleen— which follows agues, and is dis- 
 tinctly felt by external examination. To a 
 greater or less degree, it is not uncommon. 
 Ague, Dead, see Fever, masked. 
 Ague Drop, Tasteless, Liquor arsenicalis. 
 Ague, Dumb, see Fever, masked — a. Face, 
 Neuralgia, facial. 
 
 Ague, Free, Laurus sassafras. 
 Ague, Leaping, see Leaping ague — a. Quar- 
 tan, Quartan — a. Tertian, Tertian fever. 
 Ague Tree, Laurus sassafras. 
 Ague, Third-day, Tertian. 
 . Ague Weed, Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
 
 AGU'IOS, from a, priv., and yviov, 'limb.' 
 Mutilated or wanting limbs. — Hippocr. Weak, 
 feeble. — Galen. 
 
 AGUL, Aghoul, Alha'cji, the Hedisa'rum seu 
 Hedysa'rum alhagi. A thorny shrub of Persia 
 and Mesopotamia, which affords manna. The 
 leaves are purgative. 
 _ AGYR'IAS, from ayvpi;, 'a collection.' Opa- 
 city of the crystalline. — Aetius, Pare. 
 
 AGYR'TA, from ayvpis, 'a crowd.' Formerly, 
 a stroller who pretended to supernatural powers. 
 Subsequently, a quack or illiterate pretender. — 
 See Charlatan. 
 AGYRTIA, Charlatanry. 
 
 AHO'RA, from a, privative, and 'opa, 'youth.' 
 Tardy development of the organs: the opposite 
 to Hyperho'ra. 
 AHOUAI, Thevetia ahouai. 
 AHUSAL, Orpiment. 
 AHYPNIA, Insomnia. 
 AIAULT, Narcissus pseudo-nareissus. 
 AIDE (F.), Ad'Jutor min'ister. An assistant 
 to a surgeon in his operations. 
 AIDOIOMANIA, Nymphomania. 
 AIERSA, Iris Germanica. 
 AIGE, Mgms. 
 _ AIGLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Near the 
 city of this name, in Normandy, is the chaly- 
 beate spring of St. Xantin, much used in the 
 16th and 17th centuries. 
 AIGLE, Mgina. 
 
 AIGRE, Acidulous— a. Voix. See Acid. 
 AIGRELET, Acidulous. 
 
 AIGRETTE, Rumex acetosa, see Tvpha 
 latifolia. 
 
 AIGREMOINE, Agrimony. 
 AIGREURS, Acidities. 
 AIGU, Acute. 
 
 AIGUES-GAUDES, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF, Aignes-chatides, Eaux chaudes, Aqum cal'- 
 idcB. Sulphurous springs, about six miles from 
 Bonnes, Basses Pyrenees, in France: five in 
 number, the temperature of which is, respec- 
 tively, about 70°, 81°, 92°, 9.3°, and 95°. 
 
 AIGUILLE, Needle — a. d Acupuncture, see 
 JNeedle— a. d Appareil, see Needle— a. d Bee de 
 Lievre, see Needle— a. d Cataracte, see Needle 
 —a. de Deschamps, see Needle— a. Engainee, see 
 Needle— a. d Fistxde, see Needle— a. d Gains, 
 see Needle — a. d Ligature, see Needle — a. d 
 Manche, see Needle— a. d SSton, see Needle-r-a. 
 d Suture, see Needle. 
 
 AIGUILLON (F.), Spina Eelmon'tii. A 
 
 term used since the time of Van Helmont to 
 designate the proximate cause of inflammation. 
 According to him, an inflamed part is in the 
 same condition as if an aiguillon or thorn were 
 thrust into it. 
 AIGUISER, To acidulate. 
 AIL, Allium. 
 AIDE, Ala, Aileron. 
 
 AILERON (F.), Extre'ma Ala seu Pin'nula, 
 diminutive of (F.) Aile, a, wing. The extremity 
 of the wing of a bird, to which the great feathers 
 are attached. 
 
 AILERONS DE LA MATRICE. Three 
 folds at the base of the broad ligaments of the ute- 
 rus, which are occupied by the ovary and its liga- 
 ment, the Fallopian tube, and the round lic'-ament. 
 AILING, Sick, Sickly. 
 AILMENT, Disease. 
 AIMA, 'atfia, see Hsema. 
 AIMANT, Magnet. 
 AIMATERA, Hepatirrhoea. 
 AIMORRHCEA, Hajmorrhagia. 
 AIMORRHOIS, Hsemorrhois. 
 AINE, Inguen. 
 
 AIPATHIA, Continent disease. 
 AIPI, Jatropha inanihot. 
 AIPIMA COXERA, Jatropha manihot. 
 AIPIPOCA, Jatropha manihot. 
 AIR, Aer, Pneuma, from am, ' I breathe.' 
 Common Air, Atmospheric air, (F.) Air atmosphL 
 rique, is an invisible, transparent, inodorous, in- 
 sipid, ponderable, compressible, and elastic fluid, 
 which, under the form of the atmosphere, sur- 
 rounds the earth to the height of 15 or 16 leagues. 
 Air is essentially composed of two gases, 'oxy- 
 gen and nitrogen, in the proportion of 20 of the 
 former to 80 of the latter. Oxygen is the vital 
 portion, but the nitrogen is necessary to dilute it. 
 Air also contains a small portion of carbonic acid 
 gas, and has always floating in it aqueous va- 
 pour, difi'erent terrestrial emanations, etc. Its 
 effects upon the human body vary according to 
 its greater or less density, temperature, moisture, 
 etc.; hence, change of air is found extremely 
 serviceable in the prevention and cure of certain 
 morbid conditions. See Climate, and Respiration, 
 AIR AGIDE VITRIOLIQUE, Sulphurous 
 acid — a. Alcalin, Ammonia — a. AtniospAerique, 
 Air. 
 
 Air Bladder, Swim-hladder, Swimming-Uad- 
 der. The Swim, (F.) Vessie natatoire. An ab- 
 dominal organ in many fishes, sometimes com- 
 municating by means of a duct, Ductus pneu- 
 mat'icus, with the alimentary canal, at others, 
 not, which is considered by some to belong to 
 the respiratory system. Its contents are the ele- 
 ments of atmospheric air, but in different propor- 
 tions; and its chief and general function appears 
 to be to regulate the specific gravity of the fish. 
 
 Air Cells op the Lungs, Bronchial cells; see 
 Cellule — a. Chamber, Folliculus seris. 
 
 Air, Dephlogisticated, Oxygen — a. Empy- 
 real, Oxygen. 
 
 AIR DU FEU, Oxygen. 
 Air, Factitious, Carbonic acid — a. Fixed, 
 Carbonic acid — a. Gate, Azote — a. Hepatique, 
 Hydrogen sulphuretted — a. Inflammable, Hydro- 
 gen, Hydrogen carburetted — a. Mephitic, Car- 
 bonic acid. 
 
 Air Passages, (F.) Voies aeriennes, V. aeri- 
 feres. The larynx, trachea, bronchia, etc. 
 AIR PUANT, Hydrogen, sulphuretted. 
 Air, Pure, Oxygen— a. Solid, of Hales, Car- 
 bonic acid — a. Vide, Azote— a. Vital, Oxygen. 
 AIRAIN, Bell-metal, Brass. 
 AIRE, Areola. 
 . AIRELLE ANGULEUSE, Vaccinium myr- 
 tillus — a. Ponctuee, Vaccinium vitis idsea. 
 AIRIGNE, Hook. 
 
AIRTHREY 
 
 42 
 
 ALBUGINEOUS 
 
 AIRTHREY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Airthrey is situate about two miles north of 
 Stirling, Scotland. The waters are saline ca- 
 thartics; containing chloride of sodium, chloride 
 of calcium, sulphate of zinc, and chloride of mag- 
 nesium. 
 
 ATSELLE, Axilla. 
 
 AISTHESIS, ^sthesis. 
 
 AITHOMO'MA, from ai5o?, 'black.' A black 
 condition of all the humours of the eye. A. Pare. 
 
 AITIA, Cause. 
 
 AITIOLOGY, ^tiologia. 
 
 AITION Cause. 
 
 AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Called by the Germans, Aachen. A ther- 
 mal, sulphureous mineral water, which contains, 
 in 1000 grammes, 28.54 cubic inches of sulpho- 
 hydric acid gas, 18.05 cubic inches of carbonic 
 acid gas, 0.1304 grammes of carbonate of lime, 
 0.0440 grammes of carbonate of magnesia, 0.6444 
 grammes of carbonate of soda, 2. .3697 grammes 
 of chloride of sodium, 0.2637 of sulphate of soda, 
 and 0.0705 of silica. The temperature is 134° 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 '^he factitious water of Aix-la-Ghapelle, A'qua 
 Aquisgranen'sis, (F.) Eau d'Aix-la-Cha2}elle, is 
 made by adding ^jio'e icater f^.xvijss, to hydro- 
 eidphurettcd water f^iv., carbonate of soda gr. 
 XX, chloride of sodium gr. ix. — Ph. P. 
 
 There are thermal sulphureous springs at Aix 
 in Savoy (98°), and some thermal springs at Aix 
 in Provence (91°). 
 
 AIZOON, Sempervivum tectorum. 
 
 A'JUGA, A. 23yramida'lis, Consol'ida me'dia, 
 Sii'gnla, B. jiy rami da' lis, Teu' crimn jiyramidu'le, 
 Upright Biigloss, Middle Consound, (F.) Bugle 
 pyramidale. This plant is subastringent and 
 bitter. 
 
 Ajuga Cham^pitys, Teucrium chamajpitys. 
 
 Ajuga Reptans, Bu'gula, B. reptans, Common 
 Bugle, (F.) Bugle r«))!^aH<e, has similar properties. 
 
 AKATALIS, Juniperus communis. 
 
 AKATERA, Juniperus communis. 
 
 AKERATODIAPHANIE, see Caligo. 
 
 AKINESIA, Acinesia. 
 
 AKNEMIA, Acnemia. 
 
 AKOLOGY, Materia Medica. 
 
 AKRATOPEG^, AcratopegEB. 
 
 AKSIS, Intermittent Fever. 
 
 ALA, Pinna, Pteryx, 'a. wing,' (F.) Aile. A 
 term often used by anatomists for parts which 
 project like a wing from the median line; as the 
 Aim nasi, AIcb of the uterus, etc. See Axilla, and 
 Pavilion of the Ear. Also, Pterygium. 
 
 Ala Extrema, see Ailei-on. 
 
 ALABAMA, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Tallahatta sj^rings contain sulphur, and salts of 
 iron, lime, and magnesia. But the most noted 
 are those of Bladen. See Bladen, Mineral Wa- 
 ters of. Bailey's spring is an acidulo-sulphu- 
 reous chalybeate. It is fourteen miles from Tus- 
 cumbia. 
 
 ALABASTER, Alabas'trum., (F.) Albdtre, 
 Alabastri'tes. A variety of compact gypsum ; 
 of which an ointment was once made — the un- 
 guen'tum alabastri'num / used as a discutient. 
 Alabaster likewise entered into .several denti- 
 jfricGs. 
 
 ALABASTRITES, Alabaster. 
 AL^ INTERNA MINORES CLITORIDIS, 
 Nymphte— a. Magnaj, see Sphenoid bone — a. Ma- 
 jores. Labia pudendi — a. Minores, Nymphse, see 
 Sphenoid bone — a. Muliebres minores, Nymphse 
 — a. Nasi, see Nasus— a. Pudendi Muliebris, La- 
 bia pudendi — a. Pulmonum, see Pulmo — a. of 
 the Uterus, see Ala — a. Vespertilionis, see Uterus. 
 ALAISE, Alese. 
 
 ALAITER, from (F.) lait, 'milk.' To suckle. 
 ALALIA, Mutitas. 
 
 ALAMBIC, Alembic. 
 
 ALANFU'TA. A name given by the Arabians 
 to a vein, situate between the chin and lower lip, 
 which they were in the habit of opening in case.s 
 of fcetor of the breath. — Avicenna. 
 
 ALAQUE'CA. The Hindoostanee name of a 
 stone, found in small, polished fragments, which 
 is considered efBcacious in arresting haemorrhage 
 when applied externally. It is a sulphuret of iron. 
 ALARES MUSCULI, Pterygoid muscles. 
 Ala'res Ven^. The superficial veins at the 
 fold of the arm. 
 
 ALARIA OSSA. The wing-like processes of 
 the sphenoid bone. 
 
 ALA'RIS, Ala'tus, Aliform'is; from ala, 'a 
 wing.' Wing-shaped, winged. 
 
 ALATERNUS, COMMON, Rhamnus alater- 
 nus — a. JLatifolius, Rhamnus alaternus. 
 
 ALA'TUS, Pterygo'des, Homo ala'tus. One 
 whose scapula3 project backwards like wings. 
 
 ALBA'DAFi,AN, Aldabaran. The sesamoid 
 bone of the metatarso-phalangal joint of the 
 great toe. The Rabbis and Magicians attributed 
 extraordinary virtues to it. — Arabians. 
 ALBAGIAZI, Sacrum. 
 ALBAMENTUM, Albumen ovi. 
 ALBAN, SAINT, MINERAL AVATERS OF. 
 A French acidulous chalybeate, in the department 
 of the Loire. 
 
 ALBARAS ALBA, Lepra alphoides — a. Nigra, 
 Lepra nigricans. 
 
 ALBARiES, Lepra alphoides. 
 ALBAROS, Lepra alphoides. 
 ALBA TEE, Alabaster. 
 ALBEDO UNGUIUM, see NaiL 
 ALBIN D'OEUF, Albumen ovi. 
 ALBINISM, see Albino. 
 ALBINISMUS, see Albino. 
 ALBI'NO, 'White.' LeuccB'thiops, ^thiopa 
 albiis, Dondo, from alius, 'white,' (F.) Blafard, 
 Negre-hlanc, A Spanish word applied to indivi- 
 duals of the human race who have the skin and 
 hair white [Achromodermie and Achrom.otricho- 
 mie. — Piorry); the iris very pale, bordering on 
 red; and the eyes so sensible that they cannot 
 bear the light of day. This condition, which has 
 been called Leucmthio'pia, Alpho'sis ^thioj^ica, 
 Albino'is'mus, Albinis'mus, Al'binism, Kakerla- 
 kism, Lencopathi'a, Leuco'sis, is seen more fre- 
 quently in the Negro. Both sexes are exposed 
 to it. It does not seem to be true that there are 
 tribes of Albinos in the interior of Africa. 
 ALBINOISMUS, see Albino. 
 ALBOR OVI, Albumen ovi. 
 AL'BORA. A kind of itch or complicated 
 leprosy. — Paracelsus. 
 ALIBOT, Crucible. 
 ALBOTIM, Terebinthina. 
 ALBUOIN:^, Albuginea, Albugineous. 
 ALBUGIN'EA, A. Testis, Tu'niea albugin'ea, 
 Perites'tis, Dura mater testis, ilembra'na eapsula'- 
 ris testis. (F.) Albvgini, Tunique albuginee. A 
 strong, fibrous, and resisting membrane, which 
 immediately envelopes the testicle, and has, at 
 its upper part, an enlargement, called corpus 
 Highmorianum. From its inner surface it sends 
 off a number of flat, filiform prolongations or 
 septa, between which are contained the semi- 
 niferous vessels. Externally, it is covered by the 
 tunica vaginalis testis. 
 
 ALBUGIN'EOUS, J[»M^wi'er(s, 'white,' from 
 albus, (F.) Albugine. A term applied to textures, 
 humours, <fcc., which are perfectly white. 
 
 ALBUGlN'Eons Fibre, (F.) Fibre albuginee. A 
 name given by Chaussier to what he considers 
 one of the four elementary fibres. 
 
 The albugineous fibre is linear, cylindrical, 
 tenacious, elastic, but little extensible, and of a 
 shining, satiny appearance. It forms fascise or 
 
ALBUGINITIS 
 
 43 
 
 ALCHEMILLA 
 
 fr^cicuU, which constitute the tendons, articular 
 ligaments, and aponeuroses; hence the name 
 Alhugincous membranes, given by Chaussier to 
 the fibrous membranes. 
 
 Gauthier considered, that the rete mucosum 
 consists of four layers, to two of which he gives 
 the names membra'na albugin'ea prof un' da and 
 membra' na albugin'ea superficia'lis, respectively. 
 
 ALBUGINI'TIS, (F.) 'Alhuginite. A term 
 employed by some authors for inflammation of 
 the albugineous tissue. Thus, gout and rheu- 
 matism are regarded as species of the genus 
 albuginitis. 
 
 ALBUGO OCULORUM, Leucoma — a. Ovi, 
 Albumen ovi. 
 
 ALBULA, Leucoma. 
 
 ALBUM CANIS, Album grsecum — a. Ceti, 
 Cetaeeum. 
 
 Album GRjECTJM:, Album Cam's, Cynoe'opms, 
 Spo'dinm GrfBco'rum, Stercus Cani'nvm Album. 
 The white dung of the dog. It consists almost 
 wholly of phosphate and carbonate of lime, from 
 the bones used as food. It was formerly applied 
 as a discutient gargle in quinsies, and as an anti- 
 epileptic ; but is now justly banished from 
 practice. 
 
 Album ISTigruh. The excrement of the mouse. 
 
 Album Oculi, see Sclerotic. 
 
 Album Rhazis. A white ointment made of 
 cerusse and lard, prescribed by the Arabian phy- 
 sician Rhazes. 
 
 ALBU'MEN, Zeweo'jna, Ooni'ne, Ozemun, frova 
 albus, 'white.' (F.) Albumine. An immediate 
 principle of animals and vegetables, which con- 
 stitutes the chief part of the white of egg. Il^s 
 found in the serum, chyle, synovia, serous fluio^ 
 (fee. There is not much difference in chemical 
 composition between animal and vegetable albu- 
 men, fibrin and casein. Also, the white of the 
 eye. See Sclerotic. 
 
 Albu'men Ovi, Ovalbu'men, Albu'men, Albii'- 
 mor, Albu'go seu Albor seu Can'didum Ovi, 
 Clare'ta, Ovi albus liquor, Albumen'titm, Lac avis, 
 white of egg, (F.) Blanc d'oeuf (Old F.) Albin 
 d'aeuf, is used in pharmacy for suspending oils, 
 &c., in water. See Ovum. 
 
 Albumen, Saliyart, see Saliva. 
 
 ALBUMINE, Albumen — a. Cerebrale, Neu- 
 rine — a. dxi Cerveau, Neurine. 
 
 ALBU'MIJfOID, Albinmnoi'des, from albumen, 
 a.nd eiSoq, 'resemblance.' Resembling albumen, as 
 fibrin, casein, &a. It is often applied to aliments 
 in the same sense as proteinous. 
 
 ALBU'MINOSE. The soluble principle of 
 fibrin, identical with the dominant principle of 
 the white of egg. — Bouchardat. According to 
 others, the ultimate product of the transformation, 
 in the stomach, of albuminoid matters, which 
 renders them fit for assimilation and nutrition. 
 Albuminose is not coagulable by heat, and incom- 
 pletely so by acids; an excess of acid dissolving 
 the precipitate. Robin and Verdeil regard it as 
 synonymous with the casein of the small intestine 
 of Tiedemann and Gmelin,the gelatiniform matter 
 of the intestine of Prevost and Morin, and the 
 casein of the blood of Dumas. See Peptone. 
 
 ALBtJMIiSrO'SIS. A condition of the blood, 
 in which the ratio of albumen is increased, as in 
 abdominal typhus, variola, rubeola, &c. Moser 
 and Strabl. 
 
 ALBUMINU'RIA. A hybrid term from 'albu- 
 men,' and ovpov, 'the urine.' A condition of the 
 urine in which it contains albumen, the presence 
 of which is indicated by its coagulation on the 
 application of adequate heat. See Kidney, 
 Bright's disease of the. 
 
 ALBUMINU'RIC, Alluminu'riens, (F.) Albu- 
 minurique. Relating or appertaining to albumi- 
 nuria. One labouring under Albuminuria. 
 
 ALBVMINVRORRHEE, Kidney, Bright's 
 disease of the. ' 
 ALBUMOR, Albumen ova. 
 AL'CAEST, Al'cahes't, Al'chaest, perhaps from 
 (G.) all, 'all,' and geist, 'spirit.' A word in- 
 vented by Paracelsus to designate a liquor, which, 
 according to him, was capable of removing every 
 kind of swelling. 
 
 The same word was used by Van Helmont for 
 a fancied universal solvent, capable of reducing 
 every body to its elements. 
 
 Alcaest op Glauber is a thick liquor ob- 
 tained by detonating nitrate of potassa on hot 
 coals, which transforms it into subcarbonate of 
 potassa. 
 
 Alcaest of Respour is a mixture of potassa 
 and oxyd of zinc. 
 
 ALCAHEST, Alcaest. 
 
 ALCAHOL, Alcohol. 
 
 ALCALES'CENCE, Alkales' cenee, Alcaleseen'- 
 tia. The condition in which a fluid becomes 
 alkaline. 
 
 Alcalescence of the Humours was an old 
 notion of the humourists. It can only occur 
 during the putrid fermentation of animal mat- 
 ters, which contain azote, and produce ammonia. 
 Alcalin'ity is the quality of being alcaline. 
 
 AL'CALI or Alca'li, Al'kali, from al {Arab.,) 
 'the,' and kali, the name of the Salso'la Soda, 
 a plant which contains a large quantity of one 
 of the principal alkalis — soda. The alkalis are 
 substances soluble in water, possessing generally 
 a urinous, acrid, and caustic taste, turning the 
 syrup of violets green, and restoring to blue in- 
 fusion of litmus, which has been reddened by 
 acids; reddening the yellow of turmeric, and 
 having the greatest tendency to unite with acids, 
 whose character they modify, and form salts with 
 them. In medicine we understand by this term 
 Potassa, Soda, or Aynmonia. 
 
 Alcali, Caustic, Al'kali Caus'ticum. A pure 
 alkali. One deprived of its carbonic acid. 
 
 Alcalis, Fixed, Soda and potassa; Volatile 
 Alcali, Ammonia. 
 
 Alcali Ammoniacum Acetatum, Liquor am- 
 monise acetatis — a. Ammoniacum fluidum, Liquor 
 ammonise — a. Fixum tartarizatum, Potassas tar- 
 tras — a. Minerale sulphuricum, Soda, sulphate 
 of — a. Tartari aceto saturatum, Potassaj acetas — 
 a. Vegetabile salito dephlogisticatum, Potassse 
 murias hyperoxygenatus — a. Vegetabile tartari- 
 zatum, PotassEe tartras — a. Vegetabile vitriola- 
 tum, Potassae sulphas — a. Volatile acetatum. Li- 
 quor ammonise acetatis — a. Volatile aeratum, 
 Ammonias earbonas — a. Volatile ex sale ammo- 
 niaco, Ammonia earbonas. 
 
 ALCALIGENE, Azote. 
 
 ALCALINITY. See Alkalescence. 
 
 AL'CALOID; from alcali and eiSog, 'form.' 
 A name given to the organic alcalis to distinguish 
 them from the mineral, from which they differ as 
 regards composition and general properties ; — 
 having nothing in common but their basic pro- 
 perties. Brucia, Emetia, Morphia, Strj'chnia, 
 (fcc, are alcaloids. 
 
 ALCAiSTA, Anchusa officinalis. 
 
 ALCANNA MAJOR LATIFOLIA DENTA- 
 TA, Prinos — a. Orientalis, Lawsonia inermis — a. 
 Spuria, Anchusa tinctoria — a. Vera, Lawsonia 
 inermis. 
 
 ALCE A, Hil5iscus abelmoschus — a. ^gyptiaca, 
 Hibiscus abelmoschus — a. Indica, Hibiscus abel- 
 moschus. 
 
 Al'cea Ro'sea, Common hollyhock, Hoc, Socks. 
 Emollient, like Althaea. 
 
 ALCHACHENGE, Physalis. 
 
 ALCHACHIL, Rosmarinus. 
 
 ALCHAEST, Aleahest. 
 
 ALCHEMIL'LA, said to have been celebrated 
 
ALCHEMY 
 
 44 
 
 ALEIMMA 
 
 with tte Alchemists [?], supposed by some to be 
 of Arabic derivation. A. vidga'ris, Common 
 Ladies' Mantle, Pea Leo'nis, Leont02w'dium, (F.) 
 Pied de Lion. Formerly in great repute as an 
 astringent in hemorrhage. 
 
 ALCHEMY, Alchymy. 
 
 ALCHITRAM, see Pinus Sylvestris. 
 
 ALCHITURA, see Pinus Sylvestris. 
 
 ALCOHOOL, Alcohol. 
 
 ALCHOENEA LATIFOLIA, see Alcornoque. 
 
 AL'CHYMY, Al'chemy, Alchemi'a, AlcMmi'a, 
 Adep'ta Philosoph'ia, from al, an Arabic par- 
 ticle, signifying, ' superiority, excellence,' and 
 Ghimia, ' Chymistry.' This word was formerly 
 synonymous with Chymistry ; but, from the 7th 
 century, it has been applied to the mysterious art 
 of endeavouring to discover a universal remedy, 
 and a mode of transmuting the baser metals into 
 gold : an operation to which they gave the name 
 Opus magnum, and Philosopher's stone. 
 
 Alchymy has also been called Scien'tia vel 
 Philosoph'ia Hermet' ica, from an idea that Her- 
 mes or Mercury was its inventor. 
 
 Harris has well defined this chimerical art : 
 'Ars sine arte, ciijus prt)!C!'pi?H)i est mentiri, me- 
 dium lahorare, et finis mendicare.' 
 
 Al'chymist, (Old Eng.) Alkymistre, Flatua'- 
 rius, Adept'. One pretending to alchymy. 
 
 ALCOCALUM, Cynara scolymus. 
 
 AL'COHOL, Al'cahol, Alchool, Alkol, Alcol, 
 AV cool, Al'kool. An Arabic word, formerly used 
 for an impalpable powder, and signifying 'very 
 subtile, much divided.' At the present day it is 
 applied to highly rectified spirit of wine : — see 
 Spiritus rectificatus or rectified spirit, distilled 
 from dried subcarbonate of potassa. In the Ph. 
 U. S., Alcohol is rectified spirit of the specific 
 gravity 0.835. The Dublin college has a spiritus 
 ybfij'or, used in the preparation of certain essences, 
 whose specific gravity is .818. Alcohol, absolute 
 alcohol, of the Edinburgh and Dublin Pharma- 
 copoeias, is of specific gravity .797. 
 
 Alcohol is an inflammable liquor, lighter than 
 water, of a warm, acrid taste, colourless, trans- 
 parent, and of a pungent, aromatic smell. It is 
 the product of the distillation of vinous liquors ; 
 is miscible with water in all proportions, and is 
 the direct solvent of resins, balsams, &o. Various 
 other vegetable principles are soluble in it, and 
 hence it is used, in different states of concentra- 
 tion, in the preparation of elixirs, tinctures, es- 
 sences, Ac. 
 
 Alcohol acts on the animal body as a powerful 
 stimulus : as such, in a dilute form, it is used in 
 the prevention and cure of disease. Its habitual 
 and inordinate use is the cause of many serious 
 affections, of a chronic character especially, as 
 visceral obstructions, dropsy, (fee. 
 
 Alcohol, absolute, see Alcohol — a. Mth.Q- 
 reus Ferratus, A. Sulfurico-asthereus ferri — a. 
 cum Aloe perfoliata, Tinetura aloes — a. Am- 
 monise et guaiaci, Tinetura guaiaoi ammoniata 
 — a. Ammoniatum, Spiritus ammonia — a. Am- 
 Tnoniatum aromaticum, Spiritus ammonise aro- 
 maticus — a. Ammoniatum foetidum, Spiritus 
 ammoniee fnetidus — a. Amylicum, Oil, fusel — 
 a. cum Aromatibus sulphuricatus, Sulphuricum 
 aeidum aromaticum — a. cum Aromatibus compo- 
 situs, Tinetura cinnamomi eomposita — a. Casto- 
 riatum. Tinetura castorei — a. cum Crotone casca- 
 rilla, Tinetura cascarillifi — a. Dilutum, Spiritus 
 tenuior — a. Ferratus, Tinetura ferri muriatis — 
 a. cum Sulphate ferri tartarisatus, see Ferrum 
 tartarisatum — a. cum Guaiaco officinale ammo- 
 niatus, Tinetura guaiaci ammoniata — a. lodii, 
 Tinetura lodini — a. cum Opio, Tinetura opii 
 — a. Methylic, Spiritus Pyroxylicus — a. Pyroxylic 
 Spiritus Pyroxylicus — a. Sulphuricatum, Elixir 
 aeidum Halleri — a. Sulphuricum, Elixir aeidum 
 
 Halleri — a. Sulphuris, Carbonis sulphuretum — a.. 
 Vini, Spiritus rectificatus — a. Wood, Spiritus 
 pyroxylicus. 
 
 ALCOHOL'IC, Alcohol'icus, Spirituo'sus,Spir'- 
 ituous. (F.) Alcoolique. Relating to or contain- 
 ing alcohol — as an alcoholic drink or remedy. 
 
 ALCOHOLISM'US, Al'coholism, (F.), Alco- 
 olisme. The series of morbid phenomena pro- 
 duced by the use of alcoholic liquors. 
 
 ALCOL, Alcohol. 
 
 ALGOLS, Aphtha}. 
 
 ALCOL AT, Alcoolat. 
 
 ALCOOL, Alcohol — a. Camp)hre, Spiritus cam- 
 phorte. — a. de Sou/re, Carbonis sulphuretum. 
 
 ALCOOLAT, Spirit. It now generally signi- 
 fies alcohol, charged, by distillation, with the vola- 
 tile principles of certain substances, or a distilled 
 spirit, — Alcolat {Codex med. of Paris). 
 
 ALCOOLATUM, Tincture — a. Antiscorbuti- 
 cum, Tinetura de Cochleariis^a. Carminativum 
 Sylvii, Tinetura de Cochleariis — a. de Croco com- 
 positum, Tinetura de Croco eomposita. 
 
 ALCOOLATURE, Teinture aveo les plantes 
 fraiches. A name given by M. Beral to certain 
 preparations introduced by him, which consist of 
 alcohol, charged, by maceration, with the soluble 
 principles of fresh plants. See Tincture. 
 
 ALCOOLE. A name given, in the new French 
 pharmaceutical nomenclature, to medicines re- 
 sulting from the solvent action of alcohol on 
 different substances, or from its admixture with 
 liquids which unite with it in all proportions. 
 See Tincture. 
 
 ALCOOLE SUCRE, Ratafia, 
 . ALCOOLIQUE, Alcoholic. 
 
 ALCOOLISER (F.) Formerly, 'to reduce into 
 an impalpable powder.' No longer used. 
 
 ALCOOLISME, Alcoholismus. 
 
 ALCOOLOMETER, Areometer, 
 
 ALCOOMETER, Areometer. 
 
 ALCORNOQUE (¥.), Cortex Alcornoco. The 
 bark of Alchor'nea latifo'lia, of Jamaica, which 
 has been considered capable of curing phthisis. 
 It is bitter, tonic, and slightly astringent. Dose 
 of the powder J^i to ^ss. 
 
 AL'CYON, Hal'cyon. A swallow of Cochin 
 China, whose nest is gelatinous and very nutri- 
 tious. It has been proposed in medicine as ana- 
 leptic and aphrodisiac. 
 
 ALCYO'NIUM, Bastard sponge. The ashes 
 were formerly employed as dentrifices : they were 
 believed proper for favoring the growth of the 
 hair and beard, and were used in Alopecia. 
 
 ALDABARAN, Albadaran. 
 
 ALDEHYDE, see Anassthetic. 
 
 ALDER, AMERICAN, Alnus serratula — a. 
 Black, Prinos, Rhamnus frangula — a. European, 
 Alnus glutinosa — a. White, Clethra alnifolia. 
 
 ALE, Cerevisia. 
 
 Ale, White. A drink, used in Devonshire, 
 England, amongst the ingredients of which are 
 milk, spice, and spirit. 
 
 ALEACAS, Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 ALEBEPiRY. A beverage, formerly made by 
 boiling ale with sjnce and sugar, and sops of 
 bread. It was given to invalids. — Palsgrave, 
 
 ALECOST, Tanacetum balsamita. 
 
 ALECTO'RIUS LAPIS, Alecto'ria ; from 
 aXt/cTup, ' a cock.' The name of a stone, supposed 
 to exist in the stomach of the cock, or, according 
 to others, in that of the capon, four years old. 
 Many marvellous properties were formerly attri- 
 buted to it, which are as groundless as its exist- 
 ence. There are no stones in the stomach, except 
 what have been swallowed. 
 
 ALEGAR, Acetum. 
 
 ALEHOOF, Glechoma hederacea, 
 
 ALEIMMxi, Liniment, 
 
ALEIPHA 
 
 4 5 
 
 ALIMENT 
 
 ALEIPHA, Liniment. 
 
 ALEIPTE'RIUM, from aXni^o), 'I anoint.' 
 The place in the ancient gymnasium where the 
 combatants anointed themselves. 
 
 ■ ALEIP'TKON. Same etymon. A box for 
 containing ointments. 
 
 ALE MA, Farina. 
 
 ALEM'BIC (Arab.), Moorshead, CapiteVlum, 
 Capit'ulum, Am'hicus, (F.) Alamhic. A utensil 
 made of glass, metal, or earthen ware, adapted 
 for distillation. A still. It consists of a hochj 
 or cucurbit, (F.) cucurbite, chaudiere, to which is 
 attached a head or capital, (P.) chapiteau, and 
 out of this a beak descends laterally to be inserted 
 into the receiver, worm, condenser, or refrigera- 
 tor, (F.) serpentin, refrigerant, as the case may 
 be. 
 
 ALEM'BROTH [Salt.) Sal Alembroth. The 
 alchymists designated by this name, and by 
 those of Sal sapien'tice, Sal artis, Sal vita and 
 S. Scieiiticn, the product resulting from the sub- 
 limation of a mixture of corrosive sublimate and 
 sal ammoniac. It is stimulant, but not employed. 
 
 ALESE (F.), Aleze, Alaise, Lin'teum, from 
 uAe^o), ' I preserve.' A guard. A cloth arranged 
 in several folds, and placed upon a bed, so as to 
 guard it from the lochial or other discharges. 
 
 ALETON, Farina. 
 
 ALETRIS, A. farinosa. 
 
 Al'etris (Ph. U. S.), A. Farino'sa seu alba, 
 Stargrass, Starivort, Blazing star, Aloe-root, 
 Bitter-grass, Black root, Unicorn root, Ague root, 
 Ague grass, Colic roof. Devil's bit, Mealy starxcort, 
 (F.) Aletris. Nat. Ord. Asphodeleee. Sex. Syst. 
 Ilexandria Monogynia. This plant is an intense 
 and permanent bitter, and is used as a tonic and 
 stomachic. It is common in the United States. 
 
 Aletris alba, Aletris — a. Aurea; indigenous 
 — has similar virtues. 
 
 ALEURON, Farina. 
 
 ALEUROTESIS, see Cribration. 
 
 ALEXANDERS, Smyrnium olusatrum. 
 
 ALEXANDRI ANTIDOTES AUREA. See 
 Alexandrine. 
 
 ALEXAN'DRINE, Emplas'trtim Alexan'dri. 
 A garlic plaster, invented by Alexander, contem- 
 porary of Mesue. Other ancient preparations 
 were called 'Alexandrine;' as the Alexan'dri 
 antid'otus au'rea, used in apoplexy; the Collyr'- 
 ium siccum Alexandri'mim, or ' Colly rium of King 
 Alexander,' mentioned by Aetius. 
 
 ALBXICACUM, Amuletum, Alexipharmic. 
 
 ALEXIPHAR'MIC, Alcxiphar'macus, Anti- 
 pliar'macus, Alexica'cus, Caeo-alexite'ria, Lexi- 
 phar'macus, (F.) Alexipharmaque, from aXc^eiv, 
 ' to repel,' and (papfiaKov, ' poison.' A term for- 
 merly used for medicines which were considered 
 proper for expelling from the body various mor- 
 bific principles, or for preventing the bad effects 
 of poisons taken inwardly. 
 
 ALEXIPYRETICUS, Febrifuge. 
 
 ALEXIR. Elixir. 
 
 ALBXITE'RIA, Cacalexite'ria, from a'Xe^aiTSai, 
 'to assist.' Originally, alexiteriam was used 
 synonymously with remedy. In more modern 
 times it has been applied to a class of medicines, 
 that counteract poisons placed in contact with 
 the exterior of the body, in contradistinction to 
 alexipharmic. 
 
 ALEXITERIUM CHLORICUM, see Disin- 
 fection — a. Nitricum, see Disinfection. 
 
 ALEZE, Attse. 
 
 ALFUSA, Tutia. 
 
 ALGA MARINA, Pila marina. 
 
 ALGALIC, Catheter. 
 
 ALGALIE, Catheter. 
 
 AL'GAROTH, Al'garot, Algaro'tU Pulvis, 
 Pulvii AngeVicus, Ox'idum seu Submtt'rias Stib'ii 
 
 prmcipitan' do para'tum, Antimo'nii Ox'ydum, 
 Ox'idum antimo'nii Nitro-mwiat'iciim, Ox'idum 
 Stib'ii Ac"ido Mtiriat'ico oxygena'to para turn, 
 Ifercu'rius VitcB, Blercw'rius Mortis, Floioers of 
 Antimony, (F.) Oxyde d'Antimoine, so called from 
 Victor Algarothi, a Veronese physician ; sepa- 
 rated from the terchloride of antimony by pouring 
 the terchloride into a large quantity of water. 
 AVhen this, an oxychloride, is washed with abun- 
 dance of water to separate the muriatic acid, and 
 afterwards by a solution of alkali to remove the 
 terchloride, the teroxide of antimony, Antimo- 
 nii Oxidum of the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia is 
 left. It was formerly much used as an emetic, 
 purgative, and diaphoretic. 
 
 ALGE'DO, from aXyo?, 'pain.' Violent pain 
 about the neck of the bladder, occasionally oc- 
 curring in gonorrhoea. — Cockburn. 
 
 Algedon, Pain. 
 
 ALGEMA, Pain. 
 
 ALGBSIS, Pain. 
 
 ALGETICUS, SeeAlgos. 
 
 AL'GIDUS, from algor, ' toU.' (F.) Algide. 
 That which is accompanied by coldness. 
 
 Al'gida Febhis, Febris horrif'ica seu Jior'- 
 rida seu quer'qxiera seu crymo'des, Bry'cetus, 
 Bry'chetus. (F.) Fievre algide. Algid Fever. A 
 pernicious intermittent, accompanied by icy cold- 
 ness, which is often fatal in the second or third 
 paroxysm. 
 
 ALGOR, Rigor. 
 
 ALGOS, aXyos, 'pain.' See Pain. Hence, 
 Alget'icus, 'painful,' as Epilep'sia alget'ica. The 
 suffix algia has the same signification — as in 
 Cephalalgia, Pleuralgia, Neuralgia, <fcc. 
 
 ALGOSPAS'MUS, from alyo?, 'pain,' and 
 cnaafiog, ' spasm.' Painful spasm or cramp of the 
 muscles. 
 
 ALOUE G0iM3IUNE, Pilamarina— a. iTarine, 
 Pila marina — a. des Verriers, Pila marina. 
 
 ALHAGI, Agul. 
 
 ALHANDAL, see Cucumis colocynthis. 
 
 ALHASEF, Sudamina. 
 
 ALHAUNE, Lawsonia Inermis. 
 
 ALIBILIS, Nutritious. 
 
 AL'ICA, Hal'ica, Farina'rium, CJiondrus, from 
 alere, 'to nourish.' A grain from which the an- 
 cients made their tisanes; supposed, by some, to 
 have been the Triticum spelta. At times, it 
 seems to have meant the tisane itself. 
 
 AL'ICES, from a\iC,m, 'I sprinkle.' Spots 
 which precede the eruption of small pox. 
 
 ALIENATIO, Anomalia — a. Mentis, Insanity. 
 
 ALIENATION, MENTAL, Insanity. 
 
 ALIENATES, Insane. 
 
 ALIENS, Insane. 
 
 ALIENISTE, Psychiater. 
 
 ALIENUS, Delirious. 
 
 ALIFORMES MUSCULL Pterygoid muscles. 
 
 ALIFORMIS, Alaris, Pterygoid. 
 
 ALIGULUS, Confection. 
 
 ALIMA, Aliment. 
 
 ALIMELL^, Parotid. 
 
 AL'IMENT, Alimen'tum, Al'ima, Harma'lia, 
 Nntri'men, Nu'triens, Susfentac'nlum, Ciba'rium, 
 Broma, Comis'te, Oibus, Esca, Nutri'tus, Nutri- 
 wen'tum, Sitos, Trnphe. (Prov.) Belly-timber. 
 (F.) Aliment, Noitrriture, from alere, 'to nourish.' 
 Food. Any substance which, if introduced into 
 the system, is capable of nourishing it and repair- 
 ing its losses. 
 
 The study of aliments forms one of the most 
 important branches of hygiene. They are con- 
 fined to the organized kingdom, — the mineral 
 affording none. 
 
 As regards the immediate principles which 
 
ALIMENTAL 
 
 46 
 
 ALLENTHESIS 
 
 predominate in their composition, they have 
 been classed, but imperfectly, as follows : — 
 
 1. FecuZaceous. 
 
 2. Mucilaginous. 
 
 3. Saccharine. 
 
 5. Oleaginous 
 Fatty. 
 
 { di; 
 ( be 
 
 TABLE OF ALIMENTS. 
 
 Wheat, barley, oats, rye, rice, In- 
 iaa corn, potato, sago, peas, 
 beans, &c. 
 Carrot, salsify, beet, turnip, aspara- 
 gus, cabbage, lettuce, artichoke, 
 melon, &c. 
 Sugar, fig, date, raisin, apricot, &c. 
 
 ! Orange, currant, gooseberry, cher- 
 ry, peach, strawberry, raspberry, 
 mulberry, prune, pear, apple, 
 sorrel, &c. 
 ,C Cocoa, olive, sweet almond, nut, 
 ""*< walnut, animal fat, oil, butter, 
 ( &a. 
 
 6. Casious. Different kinds of milk, cheese. 
 
 C Tendon, aponeurosis, true skin, 
 
 7. Gelatinous. < cellular texture; very young 
 
 ( animals. 
 
 8. Albuminous. Brain, nerve, eggs, &c. 
 
 9. Fibrinous. Plesh and blood. 
 
 Dr. Prouthas four great classes — the aqueous, 
 saccharine, oleaginous, and albuminous: — Dr. 
 Pereira, twelve — the aqueous, mucilaginous or 
 gummy, saccharine, amylaceous, ligneous, pecti- 
 naceous, acidulous, alcoholic, oily or fatty, pro- 
 teinaceous, gelatinous, and saline. 
 
 Liebig divides them into two classes: — the 
 
 NITROGENIZED Or PLASTIC ELEMENTS OP NUTRI- 
 TION, in which he comprises vegetable fibrin, 
 vegetable albumen, vegetable casein, fiesh and 
 blood; and the non-nitrogenized elements of 
 RESPIRATION, in which he comprises /a(, starch, 
 gum, cane sugar, grape sugar, sugar of milk, pec- 
 tin, bassorin, wine, beer and spiVj'is. The former 
 alone, in his view, are inservient to the nutrition 
 of organized tissue : the latter are burnt in respi- 
 ration, and furnish heat. 
 
 The following simple arrangement is, perhaps, 
 as little objectionable as any : — 
 
 1. NUrogenized Aliments, S I'lbum'inoi?.^"'"''"'' '^ 
 
 {Albmnxnous,Qi Prout.)^ Caseinous. 
 t Amylaceous. 
 
 2. NoiMiitrogenized Aliments, < Saccharine. 
 
 ( Oleaginous. 
 
 The second division might be still farther sim- 
 plified, inasmuch as amylaceous aliments are 
 convertible into sugar during the digestive pro- 
 cess; and, from both, oleaginous matter may be 
 formed. 
 
 ALIMENTAL, Nutrimental. 
 
 ALIMENTARY, Nutrimental— a. Tube, Canal, 
 alimentary. 
 
 ALIMENTATION, Alimenta'tio. The act of 
 nourishing. 
 
 ALLMENTEUX, Nutrimental. 
 
 ALIMENTUM, Aliment, Pabulum. 
 
 ALIMOS, Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 ALINDE'SIS, from a\ivSonai, 'to be turned 
 about.' A species of exercise, which consisted 
 in rolling in the dust, after having been anointed 
 with oil. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ALIPjE'NOS, Alipm' num, Alipan'tos, from a, 
 priv., and \iiTavciv, ' to be fat.' An epithet for- 
 merly given to every external remedy, devoid of 
 fat or moisture ; such as powders. — Galen. 
 
 ALIPANTOS, Alipffinos. 
 
 ALIP'TA, AUp'tes, from a\ei^o>, '1 anoint.' 
 He who anointed the Athletas after bathing. 
 The place where this was done was called A^jp- 
 te'rium. 
 
 ALIPTERIUM, see Alipta. 
 
 ALIP'TICA, same etymon. The part of an- 
 cient medicine, which treated of inunction as a 
 means of preserving health. 
 
 ALISIER BLANC, Crataegus aria. 
 
 ALISMA, A. plantago. Arnica montana — a. 
 
 Lanceolata, A. 
 
 Graminifolia, A. plantago ■ 
 plantago. 
 
 Alis'ma Planta'go, Alisma, A. lanceola'ta seu 
 graminifo'lia, Planta'go aquat'ica. Water Plan- 
 tain, (F.) Plantain d'Eau. Ord. Alismacese. 
 Sex. Syst. Hexandria Polygynia. The fresh root 
 is acrid, and the dried leaves will vesicate. The 
 leaves have been proposed as substitutes for Uva 
 Ursi. 
 
 ALITURA, Nutrition. 
 
 AL'KALE, O'leum Galli'na. An ancient phar- 
 maceutical name for pullets' fat. 
 
 ALKALESCENCE, Alcalescence. 
 
 ALKALI, see Alcali — a. Ammoniacum caus- 
 ticum. Ammonia — a. Ammoniacum spirituosum, 
 Spiritus ammonias — a. Minerale nitratum, Soda, 
 nitrate of • — • a. Minerale phosphoratum, Soda, 
 phosphate of — a. Minerale salinum. Soda, mu- 
 riate of — a. Vegetable, Potash — -a. Vegetabile cum 
 aceto, PotassEB aeetas — a. Vegetabile fixum caus- 
 ticum, Potassa fusa — a. Volatile, Ammonia — a. 
 Volatile causticum, Ammonia — a. Volatile, con- 
 crete, Ammonise carbonas — a. Volatile, mild, Am- 
 monise carbonas — a. Volatile nitratum, Ammonias 
 nitras — a. Volatile tartarizatum, Ammonise tartras 
 — a. Volatile vitriolatum, Ammonia sulphas. 
 
 ALKANET, BASTARD, Lithospermum oflBci- 
 nale — a. Dyer's, Anchusa tinctoria — a. Garden, 
 Anchusa ofiicinalis — a. OfBcinal, Anchusa offici- 
 nalis. 
 
 ALKAR, Medicament. 
 
 ALKEKENGI, Physalis. 
 
 ALKER'MES, Gonfec'tio Alher'mes, Alcher'- 
 j!ies. A celebrated electuary, composed of a mul- 
 titude of substances. It was so called from the 
 grains of kermes contained in it. It was used 
 as a stimulant. Also, kermes. 
 
 ALKERVA, see Ricinus communis. 
 
 ALKITRAN, Cedria. 
 
 ALKOL. Alcohol. 
 
 ALKOOL, Alcohol. 
 
 ALKYMISTRE, Alchymist. 
 
 ALLA, Cerevisia. 
 
 ALLAITEMENT, Lactation. 
 
 ALLAMAN'DA, A. Cathar'tica seu grandi- 
 flo'ra, Ore'lia grandiflo'ra, Gal'arips, Echi'nua 
 scandens, Apoc"ynum scandens. A shrub, native 
 of Guiana, the infusion of whose leaves is said by 
 LinnfBus to be useful in Colica Pictonum. 
 
 ALLANTODES, Allantois. 
 
 ALLAN'TOIC ACID, Ac"idum allanto'icum, 
 A peculiar acid, found in the liquor of the allan- 
 tois of the cow. 
 
 ALLANTOIDES, Allantois. 
 
 ALLAN'TOiS, AllantoVdes, AUanto'des, Uem- 
 bra'na urina'ria, M. seu Tunica Farcimina'lis, 
 ]lf. Intestina'lis, the Allantoid Vesicle, from aWag, 
 aWavTo;, ' n sausage,' and a5or, 'shape.' A sort of 
 elongated bladder,between the chorion and amnion 
 of the foetus, which is thrown out from the caudal 
 extremity of the embryo, and communicates with 
 the bladder by the urachus. It is very apparent 
 in quadrupeds, but not in the human species. As 
 the allantois is developed, its walls become very 
 vascular, and contain the ramifications of what 
 become the umbilical artery and vein, which, by 
 the elongation of the allantois, are brought 
 through the villi of the chorion, into indirect 
 communication with the vessels of the mother. 
 
 ALL ANTOTOX'IC UM, from aXXas, aWavros, ' a 
 sausage,' and to^lkov, ' a poison.' Sausage poison 
 (G.) Wurstgift. The Germans have given this 
 name to a poison developed in sausages formed 
 of blood and liver. 
 
 ALLECTUARY, Electuarium. 
 
 ALLELUIA, Oxalis acetosella. 
 
 ALLEN'THESIS, from aWog, 'another,' and 
 svdccis, 'introduction.' The entrance into, or 
 
ALLEVIATOR 
 
 47 
 
 ALLUS POLLEX 
 
 presence of extraneous bodies in, the organism. — 
 Walther. 
 
 ALLE'VIATOR, from ad,'io,' and levare, 'to 
 raise;' 'a soother.' An instrument for raising in- 
 valids, invented by Mr. Jenks, of Rhode Island. 
 It consists of two upright posts, about six feet 
 high, each supported by a pedestal ,• of two hori- 
 zontal bars at the top, rather longer than a com- 
 mon bedstead ; of a windlass of the same length, 
 placed six inches below the upper bar; of a cog- 
 wheel and handle; of linen belts from sis to 
 twelve inches wide; of straps secured at one end 
 of the windlass; and at the other having hooks 
 attached to corresponding eyes in the linen belts, 
 and of a head-piece made of netting. The pa- 
 tient lying on his mattress, the surgeon passes 
 the linen belts beneath his body, attaching them 
 to the hooks on the ends of the straps, and ad- 
 justing the whole at the proper distance and 
 length, so as to balance the body exactly, and 
 then raises it from the mattress by turning the 
 handle of the windlass. To lower the patient 
 again, and replace him on the mattress, the wind- 
 lass must be reversed. 
 
 ALLGOOD, Chenopodium bonus Henricus. 
 
 ALLHEAL, Heracleum spondylium. 
 
 ALLIA'CEOUS, Allia'ceus, (F.) Alliace, from 
 allium, 'garlic' Belonging to garlic, as alliace- 
 ous odour. 
 
 ALLIAIRE, Alliaria. 
 
 ALLIA'RIA, from allium, its smell resembling 
 garlic. A. officina'lie, Erys'imum allia'ria sen 
 oordifo'lium, Sisym'briunt allia'ria, Jack-in-the 
 hedge, Stinking hedge Mustard, Hedge Garlic, 
 Sauce-alone, Hes'peris allia'ria, (F.) Alliaire. 
 Ord. Cruciferae. This plant has been sometimes 
 given in humid asthma and dyspnoea. It is 
 reputed to be diaphoretic, diuretic, and antiscor- 
 butic. 
 
 The Parisian Codex has a compound syrup of 
 alliaria, Sirop d'erysimum compose, which is used 
 in hoarseness. 
 
 ALLIGATURA, Fascia, Ligature. 
 
 ALLIOTICUS, Alterative. 
 
 AL'LIUM, (Ph. U. S.) from oleo, '1 smell.' 
 A. sati'vum, Theriaca rustico' rum, Ampelop'ra- 
 sum, Scor'odon, Scordon, Garlic, (F.) Ail. Ord. 
 LiliaccEe. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. A 
 native of Sicily, but cultivated for use. The 
 bulbs or cloves, Ag'lithes, have a strong, offensive, 
 and penetrating odour, and a sweetish, biting, 
 and caustic taste. Internally, garlic is stimulant, 
 diuretic, expectorant, emmenagogue (?), diapho- 
 retic, and anthelmintic. Externally, it is rube- 
 facient, maturative, and repellent; and ?i garlic 
 ointment is made by digesting, at a moderate 
 heat, for half an hour, two or three cloves of 
 fresh garlic in an ounce of lard, and straining. 
 It is applied as a rubefacient to the chest in 
 croup. 
 
 Dose, one to six cloves, swallowed whole, or 
 from f Jss to f ^ij of the juice. 
 
 Taylor's Remedy for Deafness, a nostrum, ap- 
 pears to consist of garlic, infused in oil of al- 
 monds, and coloured by alkanet root. 
 
 Allium Ascalon'icum, Echalotte. 
 
 Allium Canaden'se, Meadow garlic; indige- 
 nous; has the same properties as allium. 
 
 Allium Cepa, Cepa Vulga'ris, Common Onion, 
 Ocpul'la, Crom'myon, (F.) Oignon. Acrid and 
 stimulating, and possessing very little nutriment. 
 Onions have been used as stimulants, diuretics, 
 and anthelmintics. The boiled or roasted onion, 
 as a cataplasm, is emollient and maturating. 
 The fresh root is rubefacient. The expressed 
 juice is sometimes used in otalgia and in rheu- 
 matism. 
 
 Allium Gallicum, Portulaca — a. Plantagi- 
 neum, A. Victoriale. 
 
 Allium Pohrum, Porrum, P. sati'vum, Pra- 
 sum, the Leek or P arret ; (F.) Poireau, Porreau. 
 It possesses the same property as the onion. 
 
 The virtues of the genus Allium depend upon 
 an acrid principle, soluble in water, alcohol, acids, 
 and alkalies. 
 
 Allium Redolens, Teucrium scordium 
 
 Alliuji Victoria'le, a. jjlantagin'enm, Cepa 
 victoria'lis, Victoria'lis longa. The root, which, 
 when dried, loses its alliaceous smell and taste, 
 is said to be efficacious in allaying the abdominal 
 spasms of pregnant women (?) 
 
 ALLOCHET'IA, Allotriochet'ia, from aXXof, 
 'another,' and xe^eii', 'to go to stool.' The dis- 
 charge of extraneous matters from the bowels. 
 The discharge of feeces by an abnormous opening, 
 
 ALLOCHOOS, Delirious. 
 
 ALLOCHROMA'SIA, from aWo;, 'another,' 
 and xP'''t"^i ' colour.' A change of colour. 
 
 ALLCEOPATHIA, Allopathy. 
 
 ALLCEOPATHIC, Allopathic. 
 
 ALLCEOSIS, Alteration. 
 
 ALLCEOTICUS, Alterative. 
 
 ALLOIOSIS, Alteration. 
 
 ALLOIOTICUS, Alterative. 
 
 ALLONGEMENT, Elongation. 
 
 ALLOPATH, Allopathist. 
 
 ALLOPATHES, Allopathic. 
 
 ALLOPATH'IC, Allopath' icus, AUceopath'ic, 
 Alla;op>ath'icue, Allop' athes, Heteropath'ic, from 
 aXXof, 'another,' and vaOos, 'affection.' Relating 
 to the ordinary method of medical practice, in 
 contradistinction to the homoeopathic. See Allo- 
 pathy. 
 
 ALLOPATHIE, Allopathy. 
 
 ALLOP'ATHIST, AVlopath, same etymon. 
 One who follows allopathy. 
 
 ALLOP'ATHY, Allopathi'a, Allceopathi'a, Hy~ 
 penantio'sis, Hypenantio' ma, Cura'tio contrario'- 
 rum2yer contra' ria,{¥.) Allopathie ; same etymon. 
 The opposite to homoeopathy; or, according to 
 Hahnemann, a method of treatment in which 
 remedial agents are employed, the action of 
 which, on healthy man, produces morbid phe- 
 nomena different from those that are observed 
 in the sick person. The ordinary medical prac- 
 tice is so designated by the homoeopathist. 
 
 ALLOPHASIS, Delirium. 
 
 ALLOTRIOCHETIA, Allochetia. 
 
 ALLOTRIODON'TIA, from aWorpio?, 'fo- 
 reign,' and o(5ouj, ' a tooth.' Transplantation of 
 teeth. 
 
 ALLOTRIOEC'CRISIS, from aWoTpiog, 'fo- 
 reign,' and cKKpiai;,' 'separation.' The separa- 
 tion of extraneous matters from the body in dis- 
 
 ' ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA, Parageustia. 
 
 ALLOTRIOPHAGIA, Malacia. 
 
 ALLOTRIOTEX'IS, from aUorpwi, 'foreign,' 
 and Ts^if, 'parturition.' The bringing forth of 
 an abnormous foetus. 
 
 ALLOTRIU'RIA, from aWorpioq, 'foreign,' 
 and ovpov, 'urine.' Admixture of foreign mat- 
 ters with the urine. 
 
 AL'LOTROPISM; (F.) Allotroj^ie, from aXXo%, 
 'another,' and rpo-Ko;, ' a turn or change. A term 
 recently introduced into chemistry, the object of 
 which is to express the property, possessed by 
 certain simple bodies, of assuming different quali- 
 ties on being subjected to certain modes of treat- 
 ment. Carbon, for example, furnishes three 
 forms — plumbago, charcoal, and diamond. 
 
 ALL-OVERISH, see Indisposition. 
 
 ALLSPICE, see Myrtus pimenta — a. Bush, 
 Laurus Benzoin — a. Carolina, Calycanthus — a. 
 Wild, Laurus Benzoin. 
 
 ALLUCINATIO, Hallucination. 
 
 ALLURE, Influenza. 
 
 ALLUS POLLEX, Pollex, see Digitus. 
 
ALMA 
 
 48 
 
 ALTERATIVE 
 
 ALMA, Water. 
 
 ALMARIAB, seePlumbi oxydum semivitreum. 
 
 ALMEZERION, Cneorum tricoccum. 
 
 AL.MOXD, Amygdala. 
 
 Almosd Bloom. A liquid cosmetic, formed 
 of Brazil dust ^j, water Oiij ; boil and strain ; 
 and add isinglass 3^J> grana sylvestria ^ij, or 
 cochineal ^\j, alum ^j, borox gi'j > '^oil again, 
 and strain through a fine cloth. 
 
 Almoxd Cake, see Amygdala — a. of the Ear, 
 Tonsil — a. Earth, Araohis hypogsea — a. Paste, 
 see Amygdala — a. Powder, see Amygdala — a. of 
 the Throat, TonsiL 
 
 ALNUS, A. glutinosa — a. Communis, A. gluti- 
 nosa. 
 
 ALj^US GLUTIN'O'SA, Alnvs, A commu'nis, 
 £et'ula glutino'sa seu emargina'ta, Euroi^e' an Al- 
 der, (Sc.) Am, Eller, Ord. Betulacese. A tree 
 which grows in Europe, in moist places. The 
 bark and leaves are astringent and bitter; and 
 hence are employed in intermittents, and as a 
 tonic and astringent. 
 
 Alxus Serkat'ula, American Alder, hs.ssiva.i- 
 lar properties. 
 
 Alxus iSTiGRA, Pihamnus frangula. 
 
 ALOCHI'A, from a, privative, and Ao;^£ia, 'lo- 
 chia.' Absence of the lochial discharge. 
 
 ALOEDA'RIUM. A compound medicine, con- 
 taining aloes. — Gorraeus. 
 
 ALOE, Aloes — a. False, Agave Virginica. 
 ■ ALOE ROOT, Aletris farinosa. 
 
 AL'OES, Al'oe, Fel Natu'ra. The in.spissated 
 juice of the Aloe. Ord. Asphodeleae. Sex. Syst. 
 Hexandria Monogynia. 
 
 Alojjs Barbadensis, a. hepatica — a. Bombay, 
 A. hepatica — a. des Barhades, A. hepatica. 
 
 Aloes Caballi'na, A. Gninien'sis, Horse-aloes. 
 Used chiefly for horses. It is collected in Spain 
 and Portugal, and is very coarse. 
 
 ALOES EN CALEBASSES, A. hepatica. 
 
 Aloes, Cape, Shining Aloes; a cheap and ex- 
 cellent form of aloes, collected at the Cape of 
 Good Hope, from Aloe ferox, A. Africana, A. 
 spieata, and other species. 
 
 Aloes, East India, A. Succotorina — a. Guini- 
 ensis, A. Caballina. 
 
 Aloes Hepat'ica, A. vnJga'ris, A. Barhaden' - 
 sis, Hejpat'ic aloes, Bombay aloes, Barba'does 
 aloes, A. vulga'ris extrac'tum, (F.) Aloes en cale- 
 hasses, A. des JSarbades. This species has a very 
 disagreeable odour, and an intensely bitter and 
 nauseous taste. Properties the same as the last. 
 
 Aloes, Horse, A. Caballina — a. Lucida, A. 
 Succotorina — a. Soeotrine, A. Succotorina — a. 
 Spieata extractum, A. Succotorina. 
 
 Aloes Succotori'xa, Soc'otrine aloes, Turkey 
 aloes. East India aloes. Aloes In'cida, A. Zoetori'- 
 nia, A. spica'tcB extrac'tum, An'ima Aloes, is the 
 best species. Its odour is not unpleasant ; taste 
 very bitter, and slightly aromatic ; colour red- 
 dish-brown, with a shade of purple; mass hard, 
 friable : fracture conehoidal and glossy ; soluble 
 in dilute alcohol. Powder of a bright cinnamon- 
 yellow colour. It is cathartic, warm, and stimu- 
 lating; emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and stoma- 
 chic. As a cathartic, it affects the rectum chiefly. 
 Dose, as a cathartic, gr. v to Qj in pill. 
 
 Aloes, Turkey, A. Succotorina — a. Vulgaris, 
 A. hepatica — a. Wood, Agallochum — a. Zocto- 
 rinia. A. Succotorina. 
 
 ALOET'IC, Aloet'icus. A preparation which 
 cont.iins aloes. 
 
 ALOEXYLOX, Agallochum. 
 _ ALOGOTROPH'IA, from aXoyo?, 'dispropor- 
 tionate,' and Tooipr], 'nutrition.' Irregular nutri- 
 tion. Used particularly to designate the irregu- 
 lar manner in which the nutrition of bones' is 
 effected in rickety individuals. 
 
 ALOPECES, PsoEc. 
 
 ALOPECIA, from aXa)7rr/|, 'a fox;' (this ani- 
 mal being said to be subject to the affection.) 
 Capillo'riim deflu'vium, Athrix depi'lis, Phalac- 
 ro'tis, Depila'tio, Tricho'sis Athrix, Gangrm'na 
 Alope'cia, Atrich'ia, Deflu'vium seu Lapsus seu 
 Flvxns Pilo'rum, Lipsotrieh'ia, Yidpis morbus, 
 Pela'da, Baldness, (F.) Pelade. Falling off of 
 the hair ; loss of the hair. When this is confined 
 to the crown of the head, it is called calvities, al- 
 though the terms are often used synonymously. 
 When congenital, it is called Atrich'ia seu Alope'- 
 cia adnn'ta. The falling off of the hair in old 
 age is termed Alop)e'cia seni'lis. 
 
 Alopecia Adnata, see Alopecia — a. Areata, 
 Porrigo decalvans — a. Circumscripta, Porrigo 
 decalvans — a. Partialis, Porrigo decalvans — a. 
 Senilis, see Alopecia. 
 
 ALOUCHE, Crataegus aria. 
 
 ALOUCH'I. The name of a gum procured 
 from the canella alba tree. 
 
 ALOUCHIER, Crataegus aria. 
 
 ALPAM. A shrub which grows on the coast 
 of Malabar. Certain parts of this, infused in oil, " 
 form an antipsoric ointment. The juice of the 
 leaves, mixed with that of calamus, is employed 
 against the bites of serpents. 
 
 ALPHENIC, Saceharum candidum. 
 
 ALPHITEDOX, see Fracture. 
 
 ALPH'ITOX, aXfiTov, Polen'tjx, Fari'na. Any 
 kind of meal. Toasted barley-meal. — Hippocra- 
 tes. Polenta means, also, a food composed of In- 
 dian meal, cheese, <fec. See Farina. 
 
 ALPHOX'SIN, Alphon'sinum. A kind of bul- 
 let forceps, similar to a Porte-crayon, so-called 
 from the inventor, Alphonso Ferri, of Naples. — 
 Scultetus. 
 
 ALPHOS, Lepra alphoides. 
 
 ALPHOSIS ^THIOPICA, see Albino. 
 
 ALPIXIA CARDAMOM UM, Amomum car- 
 damomum — a. Exaltata, Eenealmia exaltata — 
 a. Tubulata, Renealmia exaltata — a. Galanga, 
 Maranta galanga. 
 
 ALPISTE, Phalaris Canadiensis. 
 
 ALSAXDERS, Smyrnium olusatrum. 
 
 ALSrXE liWDlA, A. avicxda' rum seu vulga'- 
 ris, from a\aoi, ' a grove,' because growing abun- 
 dantly in the woods. [ ? ] Morsus Galli'nce, Holos'- 
 teum Alsi'ne, Stella'ria me'dia, 3Iouse-ear, Chick- 
 iceed, Chickenicort, (F.) Mouron des Oiseaux, Mor- 
 geline. Ord. Caryophyllacese. This plant, if boiled 
 tender, may be eaten like spinach, and forms an 
 excellent emollient poultice. It was formerly 
 regarded as a vulnerary and detergent. 
 
 ALTAFOR, Camphor. 
 
 ALTER SEXUS, Sex, female. 
 
 ALTERAXS, Alterative. 
 
 ALTERANT, Alterative : see, also, Alteration. 
 
 ALTERA'TIOX, Altera' tio, from alter, 'other,' 
 Alloio'sis, Allceo'sis. This word is used in France 
 to express any change which supervenes; for ex- 
 I ample, in the expression of the countenance [al- 
 i teration de la face,) or in the structure of an 
 I organ [alteration organique.) or in the nature of 
 J fluids excreted [alteration de I'urine, des larmes, 
 [ du I a it, (frc.) 
 
 j Alteration is also used in an entirely different 
 
 1 sense, to express intense thirst in disease. In 
 
 i this case its etymology is different. It comes 
 
 from haleter, and was formerly written haleter- 
 
 ation. 
 
 AL'TERATIVE. Al'terans, Alloiot'icus, Allce- 
 ot'icus, Alliot'icus, Immu'tans. An agent con- 
 sidered to be capable of producing a salutary 
 change in a disease, but without exciting any 
 sensible evacuation. As medicine improves, this 
 uncertain class of remedies becomes, of necessity, 
 diminished in number. See Eutrophie. 
 
 (F.) Alterant. The French term likewise 
 
ALTERCANGENOX 
 
 49 
 
 ALVEUS 
 
 means, that which causes thirst, — Siticulo'aus, 
 Di'pset'icus, as alterer means both to change, and 
 to cause thirst. S'alterer is to experience a 
 change for the worse, — {eorrum'pi.) 
 
 ALTERCAXGEXOX, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 ALTERCUM, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 ALTERED, see Castratus. 
 
 ALTHJjl'A, from a\6uv, 'to heal:' A. officina'- 
 lis, Mai v avis' cum, Aristalthce'a, Hihis'cus, Hi- 
 his'eum, Ibia'chus, Ibis'cha mismal'va, Bismal'va, 
 Marsh mallow. (Prov.) Malice. (F.) Giti- 
 maiive. Ord. Malvaceffi. Sex. Syst. Monadelphia 
 Polyandria. The leaves, AUJkb'cb fo'lia, and 
 root, Althce'cB radix, contain much mucilage. 
 They are emollient and demulcent, and are em- 
 ployed wherever medicines, possessing such pro- 
 perties, are required. In the Ph. U. S., Althaea 
 is the root of Altheea officinalis. 
 
 ALTHANAIHA, Orpiment. 
 
 ALTHEUS, Physician. 
 
 ALTHAXIS, Curation. 
 
 ALTHOS, Medicament. 
 
 ALTILIBAT, Terebinthina. 
 
 ALU'DEL, Alu'tel, Yitruni suhlimato'rium. A 
 hollow sphere of stone, glass, or earthen ware, 
 with a short neck projecting at each end, hy 
 means of which one glass might be set upon the 
 other. The uppermost had no aperture at the 
 top. Aludels were formerly used in the sublima- 
 tion of various substances. 
 
 A'LULA, diminutive of ala, ' & wing.' A little 
 wing. 
 
 ALUM, Symphytum — a. Cataplasm, Coagulum 
 aluminosum — a. Egyptian, ^gyptia stypteria. 
 
 Alum, Roche, Alu'raen de Rochi, (F.) Alun de 
 Roche. So called from Pi,occha in Syria, where 
 there was a manufactory of it. It is in pieces of 
 the size of an almond, covered with a reddish 
 efflorescence. 
 
 Common Roche Alum, A. Rochi Gallis. Frag- 
 ments of common alum moistened and shaken 
 with prepared bole. It is white when broken. 
 
 Aluh Root, Geranium maculatum, Heuchera 
 cortusa. 
 
 ALUir, Solution of, Cojipound, Liquor alumi- 
 nis compositus. 
 
 Alum Springs of Virginia, see Virginia, mine- 
 ral waters of. 
 
 ALU'MEX, (an Arabic term, alum,) Alum, 
 Hypersul'phas alu'mincB et Potas'scB, Potas'sa 
 alu'mino-sulphas, Sul'phaa Alumium Aeid'idns 
 cum, Potas'sd, Sulphas Alu'mincB, Sul'jihas KaV- 
 ico-alumin'ieum. Sulphas alumina' ris, Siipei-sul'- 
 phas alu'mincB et potas'scE, Argil'la sulphu'rica 
 a.lcalisa'ta, A. vitriola'ta, Stypte'ria, Sulpersul'- 
 phas Arcjil'lcB alcalisa'tum, Argilla Kalisulphu- 
 riea. (F.) Alun. 
 
 Alumen Catinum, Potash of commerce — a. 
 Fixura, see Potash — a. Kinosatum, Pulvis sul- 
 phatis aluminse compositus. 
 
 Alu'men Cojimu'ne, Common alum, English 
 alum, Rock alum, Alumen fncti"tium, A. crystaV- 
 linmn, A. ru'peum, (F.) Alun d' Angleterre, is the 
 Tariety usually employed. It is in octahedral 
 crystals, but generally in large, white, semitrans- 
 parent masses,- has a sweetish, styptic taste: 
 effloresces in the air, and is soluble in 16 parts of 
 water at 60°. It is tonic and astringent, and as 
 such is used internally and externally. Dose. gr. 
 V to XV. 
 
 Alu'men Exsicca'tum, Alu'men iisfum seu 
 sicca' tumsevi calcina'tum. Sulphas alu'mincEfusus, 
 Argil'la sulphu'rica usta, Burnt alum, dried alum. 
 (F.) Alun calcine, {Alum melted in an earthen 
 vessel until ebullition ceases.) Escharotic. 
 
 ALU'jiE^f Roma'num, Roman alum, A. Ru'ti- 
 lum seu Ruhrum. (F.) Alun de Rome. In crys- 
 tals, which are of a pale red when broken, and 
 covered with a reddish efflorescence. 
 
 Alumen Siccatum, Alumen essiccatum. 
 
 ALUMIXA, ACETATE OF, Aluminee Aceta? 
 — a. Depurata, Argilla pura — a. Pura, Argilla 
 pura — a. Sulphate of, Aluminte Sulphas. 
 
 ALU'MIN^ ACE'TAS,^r^i77ffl Ace'tas, Ac"e- 
 tafe of Alu'mina. A delinquescent salt, obtained 
 by the addition of acetate of lead, to sulp)hate of 
 alumina and piotassa. It possesses the same pro- 
 perties as the sulphate of alumina. 
 
 Alu'mincB et Potasses Htpersulphas, Alu- 
 men — a. et Potassce supersulphas, Alumen — a. 
 Sulphas, Alumen. 
 
 Alu'mina Sulphas, ArgillcB Sulphas, Snlpthate 
 of Alu'raina. Simple sulphate of alumina may 
 be made by the direct combination of alumina 
 and sidphuric acid, and contains 30 per cent, of 
 the former, to 70 per cent, of the latter. It is 
 a deliquescent salt; and is an excellent antisep- 
 tic and detergent to ulcers. It is chiefly used to 
 preserve dead bodies — a strong solution being 
 injected into the arteries. 
 
 Gannal's Solution for preserving animal sub- 
 stances is made by dissolving an ounce of acetate 
 of alumina in twenty ounces of icaler. 
 
 Aluminj; Sulphas Acidulus cum Potassa, 
 Alumen — a. Sulphas fusus, Alumen exsiccatum. 
 
 AimilNE FACTICE, Argilla pura. 
 
 ALUMINII OXIDUM, ArgUla pura. 
 
 ALUN, Alumen. 
 
 ALUNSEL, Gutta. 
 
 ALUS, Symphytum. 
 
 ALUSIA, Hallucination — a. Hypochondriasis, 
 Hypochondriasis. 
 
 ALUTEl., Aludel. 
 
 ALVAQUILLA, Psoralea glandulosa. 
 
 ALVARAS XIGRA, Ichthyosis. 
 
 ALVEARIUM, Auditory canal, external. 
 
 ALVE'OLAR, Alceola'ris, from alveua, 'a. ca- 
 vity.' (F.) Alveolaire. That which relates to 
 the alveoli. 
 
 Alveolar Abscess, Parulis. 
 
 Alve'olar Arches, (F.) Arcades alveolaires, 
 are formed by the margins or borders, -lu/ja alveo- 
 la'ria, of the two jaws, which are hollowed by the 
 Alveoli. 
 
 Alve'olar Artery, Supra-maxillary A., Ar- 
 terc sus-maxillaire of Chaussier, arises from the 
 internal maxillary, descends behind the tuberos- 
 ity of the upper jaw, and gives branches to the 
 upper molar teeth, gums, periosteum, membrane 
 of the maxillary sinus, and buccinator muscle. 
 
 Alveolar Border, Limhus alveola'ris. The 
 part of the jaws that is hollowed by the alveoli. 
 
 Alve'olar Membranes are very fine mem- 
 branes, situate between the teeth and alveoli, and 
 formed by a portion of the sac or follicle which 
 enclosed the tooth before it pierced the gum. By 
 some this membrane has been called the alveolo- 
 dentcd periosteum. 
 
 Alve'olar Vein. This has a similar distri- 
 bution with the artery. 
 
 AL VEOLE, Alveolus. 
 
 ALVEOLI DEXTIS, see Alveolus. 
 
 ALVEOLO- DENTAL PERIOSTEUM, see 
 Alveolar membranes. 
 
 ALVEOLO-LABIAL, Buccinator. 
 
 ALVE'OLUS, same etymon. Bo'trion, Bo'- 
 thrion, Odontoboth'rium, Odontophat'ne, Frena. 
 {Alue'oli), Mortariolum, Eol'micos, PrcBsepiohim, 
 Phatne, Phat'nion, PrcBse'piium, Patne, Pathne. 
 (F.) Alveole. The alveoli are the sockets of the 
 teeth, Alve'oli dentis, Mce'nia seu Caver'nae den'- 
 tium, into which they are, as it were, driven. 
 Their size and shape are determined by the teeth 
 which they receive, and they are pierced at the 
 apex by small holes, which give passage to the 
 dental vessels and nerves. 
 
 ALVEUS, Auge — a. Ampullosus, Pieceptacu- 
 lum chjli — a. Ampullescens, Thoracic duct — a. 
 
ALVI EXCRETIO 
 
 50 
 
 AMBLYOPIA 
 
 Communis : see Semicircular canals — a. Utricu- 
 losus : see Semicircular canals. 
 
 ALVI EXCRETIO, Defecation — a. Fluxus 
 aquosus, Diarrhoea — a. Laxitas, Diarrhoea — a. 
 Profluvium, Diarrhoea. 
 
 ALVIDUCUS, Laxative. 
 
 ALVINE, Alvi'nus, from alvus, 'the abdomen.' 
 That which relates to the lower belly^ as alvine 
 dejections, alvine flux, alvine obstructions, &c. 
 
 ALVUM EVACUANS, Cathartic. 
 
 ALVUS, Abdomen, Uterus — a. Adstricta seu 
 Astricta, Constipation — a. Cita, Diarrhoea — a. 
 Dura, Constipatio — a. Renum, Pelvis of the 
 kidney — a. Tarda, Constipation — a. Viridis, De- 
 jection. 
 
 ALYCE, Anxiety. 
 
 ALYMPH'IA, from a, priv., and lympha, 
 'lymph.' Want of lymph. 
 
 AL'YPON, from a, priv., and Xvirri, 'pain.' An 
 acrid, purging plant, described by Matthiolus. 
 By some it has been supposed to be the Glohula'- 
 ria ali/pum of botanists. 
 
 ALYSIS, Anxiety. 
 
 ALYSMUS, Anxiety. 
 
 ALYSSUM PLINIL Galium mollugo. 
 
 ALYSSUS, Antihydrophobic. 
 
 ALYX'IA STELLA'TA, A. aromat'ica, (F.) 
 Alyxie aromatique. A plant, of the family 
 Apocynaceas, the bark of which resembles canella 
 alba, and is used in Batavia in pernicious fevers. 
 
 AL'ZILAT. In some of the Arabian writers, 
 a weight of three grains. — Ruland and Johnson. 
 
 AMABILE, Lacuna Labii Superioris. 
 
 A3IAD0U, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 A3IAD0UV1ER, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 AMAIGRIR, Emaciate. 
 
 AMAIGRISSE3IENT, Emaciation. 
 
 AMAND (SAINT), MINERAL AYATERS 
 OP, Saint-Amand-les-Eaux. These springs, in 
 the department Nord, France, are thermal (77° 
 Fahr.), carbonated chalybeates ; and are much 
 used internally, or in the form of boues, in 
 chronic affections of the digestive organs and 
 liver, and in rheumatism. 
 
 AMANBES, see Amygdala. 
 
 AMANI'T^, from a, privative, and /lavia, 
 'madness:' i.e. 'not poisonous.' (?) A name 
 given, by the Greeks and Romans, to the edible 
 champignons. Amanita forms, at the present day, 
 a genus, some of which are edible, others poison- 
 ous. Amongst others, it contains the Agaricus 
 aurantiacus and A. pseudo-aurantiacim. 
 
 AMARA DULCIS, Solanum dulcamara. 
 
 AMARACI'NUM. An ancient and esteemed 
 plaster, containing several aromatics, the marjo- 
 ram, afiapaKOi, in particular. 
 
 AMARACUS, Origanum majorana — a. Tomen- 
 tosus, Origanum dictamnus. 
 
 AMARITIES, Bitterness. 
 
 AMARITUDO, Bitterness. 
 
 AMAROR, Bitterness. 
 
 AMARUCACHU, Polyanthes tuberosa. 
 
 AMA'RUS, Picros, 'bitter.' (F.) Amer. The 
 bitter principle of vegetables is the great natural 
 tonic, and hence bitters, as they are termed col- 
 tectively, belong to the class of tonics. Several 
 are used in medicine; the chief are, gentian, 
 quassia, cinchona, calumba, dog-wood, &c. 
 
 AMASE'SIS, Amasse'sis, from a, privative, and 
 liaariatg, 'mastication.' Mastication when im- 
 peded or impracticable. 
 
 AMATORIUM, Lacuna labii superioris. 
 
 AMATORII, Oblique muscles of the eye. 
 
 AMATORIUM VENEFICIUM, Philter. 
 
 AMATORIUS MUSCULUS, Obliquus supe- 
 rior oculi. 
 
 AMAURO'SIS, Obfusca'tio, Offusca'tio, from 
 nuai'po;, 'obscure,' Drop serene, Outta sere'na, 
 datarac'ta nigra, Parop'sis amauro'sis, Immobil'- 
 
 itas pupil'lcE, Siiffu'sio nigra. Black cat'aract, 
 Nervous blindness, (F.) Goutte-sereine, Cataracte 
 noire, Anopticonervie (Piorry). Diminution, or 
 complete loss of sight, without any perceptible 
 alteration in the organization of the eye; gene- 
 rally, perhaps, owing to loss of power of the 
 optic nerve or retina — Optic ancesthe'sia. Coun- 
 ter-irritants are the most successful remedial 
 agents, although the disease is always very diffi- 
 cult of removal, and generally totally incurable. 
 
 Amaurosis Dijiidiata, Hemiopia — a. Diurnal, 
 Nyctalopia — a. Nocturnal, Hemeralopia — a. Im- 
 perfecta, Hypo-amaurosis. 
 
 AMAUROT'IC, Amaurot'icus, (F.) Amaiiro- 
 tique ; same etymon. Affected with amaurosis. 
 
 Ajiaurotic Cat's Eye, Galeamauro'sis. A 
 name given by Beer to an amaurotic affection, 
 accompanied hj a remarkable change of colour 
 in the pupil, which presents, apparently in the 
 fundus of the eye, a lighter tint, yellowish or 
 brownish yellow, instead of its natural clear 
 black. 
 
 AMA'ZIA, from a, privative, and/«(2^of, 'breast.' 
 A monstrosity, in which there is absence of one 
 or both breasts. 
 
 AMBARUM, Ambergris — a. Cineritium, Am- 
 bergris. 
 
 AMBE, from a/z/Jatvo), 'I ascend;' Ambi. A 
 superficial eminence on a bone. Also, an old 
 surgical machine for reducing dislocations of the 
 shoulder ; the invention of which is ascribed to 
 Hippocrates. It is no longer used. — -Hippo- 
 crates, Scultetus. See Crista. 
 
 AMBER, Suecinum — a. Liquid: see Liquid- 
 amber styraciflua. 
 
 AM'BERGRIS, 'gray amber,' Amhor, Ambar, 
 Ambra gri'sea seu cinera'cea seu ambrosiaca, 
 Ambnrtnn, Suc'cinum cine'reum seu gri'seum, 
 Am'barum cineri"tium. A concrete substance, 
 of the consistence of wax, cineritious colour, 
 studded with yellow and blackish spots, and ex- 
 haling a very pleasant odour. It seems highly 
 probable that ambergris is formed in the intes- 
 tines of the whale, and voided with its excre- 
 ment. Like all aromatic substances, ambergris 
 is slightly anti-spasmodic and excitant; but it is 
 oftener employed as a perfume than as a medi- 
 cine. 
 
 AMBIA. A liquid, yellow bitumen, the smell 
 and virtues of which are similar to those of the 
 resin tacamahaca. It is obtained from a spring 
 in India. 
 
 AMBICUS, Alembic. 
 
 AMBIDEX'TER, Amphidex'ius, from ambo, 
 'both,' and dexter, 'right.' One who uses both 
 hands with equal facility. Celsus says the sur- 
 geon ought to be 'non minus sinistra quam dex- 
 trd promptus.' One of the aphorisms of Hippo- 
 crates says, that a woman is never ambidexter. 
 This is a mistake. 
 
 AMBIL^VUS, Ampharisteros. 
 
 AMBIOPIA, Diplopia. 
 
 AMBITUS GENITALIS MULIEBRIS, Ves- 
 tibulum. 
 
 AMBLOMA, Abortion. 
 
 AMBLOSIS, Abortion. 
 
 AMBLOSMUS, Abortion. 
 
 AMBLOTHRIDION, see Abortion. 
 
 AMBLOTHRIDIUM, Abortive. 
 
 AMBLOTICUS, Abortive. 
 
 AMBLUS, aji0\vs, 'obscure.' Hence, 
 
 AMBLYAPH'IA, from afx^Xv;, 'obscure,' and 
 'a(f»h 'feeling.' Dulness of the sense of touch. 
 
 AxMBLYOGMOS, Amblyopia. 
 
 AMBLYO'PIA, from an^Xvi, 'obscure,' and 
 b)tp, 'the eye.' Amblyos'mos, Amblyog'mos, Ampli- 
 o'pia (so called by some, according to Castelli, 
 ob ignorantiam GrtBcm lingum), Hebetu'do visas, 
 
AMBLYOSMOS 
 
 51 
 
 AMMI 
 
 Feebleness of sight, (F.) AnMyopie, Viie faible. 
 First degree of Amaurosis. — Hippocrates. 
 
 Amblyopia Crepuscularis, Hemeralopia — a. 
 Dissitorum, Myopia — a. Meridiana, Nyctalopia — 
 a. Proximorum, Presbytia. 
 AMBLYOSMOS, Amblyopia. 
 AMBOLICUS, Abortive. 
 
 AMBON, aiil3<j)v, 'the raised rim of a shield or 
 dish,' from aiifiatvw, 'I ascend.' The fibro-carti- 
 laginous rings or bourrelets, which surround the 
 articular cavities, as the glenoid cavity of the 
 scapula, the acetabulum, &o., have been so called 
 — Galen. See Crista. 
 AMBOR, Ambergris. 
 
 AMBRA, Succinum — a. Ambrosiaea, Amber- 
 gris — a. Cineracea, Ambergris. 
 AMBRAGRISEA, Ambergris. 
 A3IBRE BLANO, Succinum (album) — a. 
 Jaune, Succinum. 
 
 AMBRETTE, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
 
 AMBRINA AMBROSIOIDES, Chenopodium 
 
 ambrosioides — a. Anthelmintica, Chenopodium 
 
 anthelminticum^a. Botrys, Chenopodium botrys. 
 
 AMBROISIE DU 3IEXIQUE, Chenopodium 
 
 ambrosioides. 
 
 AMBRO'SIA, from a, privative, and (^porog, 
 'mortal.' Food which makes immortal, or the 
 food of immortals. Food of the gods — Homer. 
 See also, Chenopodium botrys. 
 Ambrosia Elatior, see A. Trifida. 
 Ambrosia Marit'ima, Orel. Compositse. A 
 plant which grows on the shores of the Levant, 
 and has a pleasant, bitter and aromatic taste. It 
 is given in infusion, as a tonic and antispasmodic. 
 Ambrosia Trip'iba, Horseioeed, Richweed, 
 Horsemint, Horsecane, BitteriDeed, Great or Tall 
 Ragweed, Wild Hemp. This indigenous plant is 
 found in low grounds and along streams, from 
 Canada to Georgia, and west to Louisiana and 
 Arkansas. It is an annual, and flowers in Au- 
 gust and September. An infusion has been re- 
 commended locally in mercurial salivation. 
 
 Ambrosia Elatior, Ragiceed, is said by Dr. R. 
 E. Griffith to have much more developed sensible 
 properties. 
 
 A3IBR0SIE DU MEXIQUE, Chenopodium 
 ambrosioides. 
 
 AiVBULAWCE (¥.), from ambulare, 'to walk.' 
 A military hospital attached to an army, and 
 moving along with it. Also called Edpital am- 
 bulant. 
 
 AMBULATIO, "Walking. 
 
 AM'BULATORY, Am'bulans, Ambulati'vus, 
 Am'balative, (F.) Ambukait. A morbid affection 
 is said to be 'ambulatory,' (F.) ambulant, when 
 it skips from one part to another; as Erisyp>eles 
 ambulants, &c. When blisters are applied suc- 
 cessively on different parts of the body, they are 
 called Vesicatoires ambulants. 
 AMBULEIA, Cichorium intybus. 
 AM'BULI. The Brachmanic name for an In- 
 dian aquatic herb, which appears to belong to 
 the family LysimachicB. The whole plant has a 
 Bweet smell. Its decoction has a very bitter 
 taste, and is an excellent febrifuge. It is also 
 taken in milk in cases of vertigo. 
 
 AM'BULO FLATULEN'TUS ET FURIO'- 
 SUS, Flatus furio'siis, Vare'ni. Painful, mo- 
 bile, and periodical tumours aflfeeting different 
 parts, which were once considered as the effect 
 of very subtile vapours — Michaelis. Their na- 
 ture is by no means clear. 
 AMBUSTIO, Burn. 
 AMBUTTJA, Pareira brava. 
 AMBUYA-EMBO. A very beautiful, creeping 
 aristolochia of Brazil, the decoction of which is 
 exhibited successfully in obstructions. It is also 
 used in fumigation and in baths as a tonic. 
 A3fE, Anima. 
 
 AMELI. A Malabar shrub, belonging to a 
 genus unknown. The decoction of its leaves is 
 said to relieve colic. Its roots, boiled in oil, are 
 used to repel tumours. 
 AMELIA, Apathy. 
 
 AMENIA, Amenorrhoea, Emmenagogues. 
 AMENOMA'NIA. A hybrid word, formed 
 from the Latin amoenus, 'agreeable,' and jiavia, 
 'mania.' A gay form of insanity. 
 
 AMENORRHCE'A, Parame'nia obstructio'nis, 
 Ifenocryph'ia, Menosta' sia, Apophrax'is,Arrhae' a, 
 Defec'tus seu Reman' sio seu Cessa'tio men'sium, 
 Menstrtia'tio impedi'ta, Ischome'nia, Ame'nia, 
 Ametroha'mia, from a, privative, nt]v, 'a month,' 
 and pe.li>, 'I flow.' Sup)pression of the menses, (F.) 
 Sujjpression duflux menstruel. This suppressioii 
 is most commonly symptomatic, and hence the 
 chief attention must be paid to the cause. Usu- 
 ally, there is an atonic state of the system gene- 
 rally, and hence chalybeates and other tonics are 
 advisable. 
 
 Two great varieties of Amenorrhoea are com- 
 monly reckoned. 1. A. Emansio'nis, Eman'sio 
 men'sium, Menis'chesis, 3Tenos' chesis, 3Ien«truu'tio 
 reten'ta, 3fen'sium reten'tio, Retention of the men- 
 ses, when the menses do not appear at the usual 
 age : and, 2. Supjjres'sio 3fen'sium seu 3Ienstru- 
 atio'nis, Amenorrhos'a Suppressio'nis, Intemqi'tio 
 menstruatio'nis, 3fenstrua'tio suppres'sa, in which 
 the catamenia are obstructed in their regular 
 periods of recurrence. See Emansio Mensium, 
 and Menses. 
 
 Amenorrhcea Difficilis, Dysmenorrhoea — a. 
 Emansionis, see Amenorrhcea — a. Hymenica, see 
 Hymenicus — a. Partialis, Dysmenorrhoea — a. 
 Suppressionis, see Amenorrhoea. 
 
 AMENTIA, Dementia: see, also, Fatuitas, and 
 Idiotism — a. Senilis, Dementia of the aged. 
 
 A31ER, Amarus — a. de Boeuf, Bile of tho 
 ox. 
 
 AMERICAN, see Homo. 
 
 AMERICANUM TUBEROSUM, Solanum tu- 
 berosum. 
 
 A3IERTU3IE, Bitterness. 
 
 AM'ETHYST, Amethys'tus, from a, privative, 
 and jitdvut, 'I am drunk.' A precious stone, to 
 which the ancients attributed the property of 
 preventing drunkenness. It was also used as an 
 anti-diarrhoaic and absorbent. — Pliny, Albertus 
 Magnus. 
 
 AMETH'YSUM, Amethys'tum., (remedium.) 
 Same etymon as the last. A remedy for drunk- 
 enness. 
 
 AMETRIA, Intemperance, from a, privative, 
 and ptrpov, 'measure.' Also, absence of the 
 uterus ; from a, privative, and unrpa, 'the uterus.' 
 
 AMETROH^MIA, Amenorrhoea. 
 
 AMIAN'THUM MUSCiETOX'ICUM, {aixiav- 
 Tog, 'pure,' and avSog, 'a flower,') 3Ielan' thitmt 
 mxisccetox'icum, Helo'nias erythrosperm' a, Fly- 
 poison, Fall-poiso-n, indigenous. Ord. Melan- 
 thacese. A narcotic poison, not used, however. 
 
 AMICULUM, Amnios. 
 
 A3IID0LIQUE, from amidum, 'starch.' Ap- 
 pertaining or belonging to starch. M. Beral 
 calls medicaments amidoliques those, which owe 
 their general propertie,'3 to starch. 
 
 A3IID0N, Amylum — a. lodure d', Starch, 
 Iodide of. 
 
 A3IID0NNIERE, Ammi maeulatum. 
 
 AMIDUM, Amylum. 
 
 AMIN^A, Anime. 
 
 AMIN^'UM VINUM, Amine'an wine, highly 
 esteemed as a stomachic. Virgil distinguishes it 
 from the Falernian. — Pliny, Macrobius, &e. 
 
 AMMA, Truss. 
 
 AMMI, Ammi majus seu cioutmfo'lium sea 
 vulga're seu Bolberi, Am'mios murica'ta, A'pium 
 
AMMION 
 
 52 
 
 AMMONIA ACETAS 
 
 ammi, Bishop's weed. The seeds of this plant 
 are aromatic and pungent. They are said to be 
 carminative and diuretic, and are tonic and sto- 
 machic. 
 
 Asnii BoLBEEi, Ammi — a. des Boutiques, see 
 Sison ammi — a. Cieutaefolium, Ammi — a. Majus, 
 Ammi — a. Verum, see Sison ammi — a. Vulgare, 
 Ammi. 
 
 AMMION, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum. 
 
 AMMIOS MURICATA, Ammi. 
 
 AMMISMUS, Psammismus. 
 
 AMMOCHO'SIA, Ammoclio'sis, from ajinog, 
 'sand,' and x^'^j 'I pour.' Arena'tio. Putting 
 the human body in hot sand, for the cure of 
 disease. 
 
 AMMO'NIA, Ammo'nia or Ammoni'aaal gas, 
 Volatile al'Jcali, Al'cali ammoni.'acum caus'ticum, 
 A. volat'ile caus'ticum, Ammo'nia cans'tica seu 
 2)ura, Ammoni'acum, A. caus'ticum, Gas ammo- 
 niaea'le, Mephi'tis urino'sa, (F.) Ammoniaque, 
 Air alcalin, Gaz ammoniacal. An alcali, so called, 
 because obtained principally by decomposing sal 
 ammoniac [muriate of ammonia) by lime. This 
 gas is colourless, transparent, elastic, of a pun- 
 gent, characteristic odour, and an acrid, urinous 
 taste. It turns the syrup of violets green, and 
 its specific gravity is 0-596. When inhaled, 
 largely diluted with common air, it is a powerful 
 irritant. When unmixed, it instantly induces 
 suffocation. 
 
 Ammonia, Acetate of, Solutiox of, Liquor 
 ammonise acetatis — a. Arseniate of, Arseniate of 
 ammonia — a. Benzoate of. Ammoniac benzoas^ — 
 a. Bicarbonate of, see Ammonite carbonas — a. 
 Caustica liquida. Liquor ammonife — a. Chloro- 
 hydrate of, Ammonige murias — a. Citrate of, Am- 
 niouise citras — a. Hydriodate of. Ammonium, io- 
 dide of — a. Hydrochlorate of, Ammonire murias 
 — a. Hydrosulphuretof, Ammonite sulphuretum — 
 a. Iodide of, see Iodine — a. Liniment of, strong, 
 Linimentum ammonias fortius — a. Liquid, Liquor 
 Ammonias — a. Muriatica, Ammoniee murias — a. 
 Nitrata, Ammonia nitras — a. Phosphate of, Am- 
 moniaB phosphas — a. Prseparata, Ammonise car- 
 bonas — a. Pura liquida. Liquor ammonise — a. 
 Solution of. Liquor ammoniae — a. Solution of, 
 stronger. Liquor ammonite fortior — a. Tartrate 
 of, Ammonia) tartras. 
 
 AMMO'NIAC, GUM, Ammoni'acum (Ph. U. 
 S.), Gum'mi Ammoni' acum, Armoni'acum, Jlato'- 
 rium, (F.) Ammoniac, Gomme ammoniaque, so 
 called from Ammonia in Lybia, whence it is 
 brought. A gum-resin, the concrete juice of 
 Dore'ma ammoni'acum, of Persia : a species of a 
 genus allied to Ferula; and also the gum-resin 
 of Fer'ula tingita'na. The latter is the amnio- 
 niacum of commerce. It is in irregular, dry 
 masses and tears, yellow externally, whitish 
 within. Its odour is peculiar, and not ungrate- 
 ful : taste nauseous, sweet, and bitter. It forms a 
 white emulsion with water: is soluble in vinegar; 
 partially so in alcohol, ether, and solutions of the 
 alcalies. 
 
 Gum ammoniacum is expectorant, deobstru- 
 ent (?), antispasmodic, discutient, and resolvent. 
 It is chiefly used, however, in the first capacity, 
 and in the formation of certain plasters. 
 
 Two varieties are met with in the market, 
 GuticB ammoni'aci, the best; and Lapis ammoni' - 
 aci, the more impure. 
 
 AMMOXIAC^ NITRAS, Ammonia nitras— 
 a. Sulphas, Ammonise sulphas. 
 
 AMMONIACUM, Ammonia, Ammoniac gum 
 —a. Hydrochloratum ferratum, Ferrum ammoni- 
 atum — a. Succinatum, Spiritus ammoniaj fcetidus 
 — a. Volatile mite, Ammoniaj carbonas. 
 
 AMMONIiB ACETAS, Liquor ammonite ace- 
 tatis — -a. Arsenias, Arseniate of Ammonia. 
 
 Ammoni.e Ben'zoas, Ben'zoate of Ammonia. 
 A salt formed by the union of benzoic acid and 
 ammonia, which has been prescribed for the re- 
 moval of gouty depositions of urate of soda in 
 the joints. It is regarded as a good diuretic. 
 
 Ammonia Bicar'bonas, Bicarb'onate of Am- 
 mo'nia, is officinal in the .Dublin Pharmacopoeia. 
 It has the same properties as the next, and is 
 more palatable. Dose, six to twenty-four grains. 
 
 Ammonia Car'bonas, A. Subcar'bonas seu <S'es- 
 quicar'bonas. Salt of bones, Sal Os'sium, Sal Fu- 
 Ug"inis, Salt of wood-soot, Salt of urine, Volatile 
 Sal Ammoniac, Baker's salt, Al'cali volat'ile 
 aera'tum, A. volat'ile ammoniaca'le, A. volat'ile 
 ex sale ammoni'aco, Ammoni' acum volat'ile mite, 
 Ammo'nium carhon'icum seu subcarbo'neum, Car- 
 bonas ammo'nioB alkali'nus seu incomple'tus seu 
 superammoni' anus, Hypocar'bonas ammo'nim, Flo- 
 res salis ammoni'aci, Sal cornu cervi volat'ile, Sal 
 volat'ilis salis amnion i'aci, Concrete or m ild volatile 
 alkali. Carbonate or Subcarbonate of ammonia, 
 Ammo'nia prmpara' ta, Sal volat'ile. Smelling salt, 
 (F.) Carbonate d' ammoniaque, Sel volatil d'An- 
 gleterre, [Amman, muriat. Ibj ; Greta; tbiss. Sub- 
 lime — Ph. U. S.) A white, striated, crystalline 
 mass; odour and taste pungent and ammoniacal: 
 soluble in two parts of water : insoluble in alco- 
 hol : efSoresces in the air. It is stimulant, ant- 
 acid, diaphoretic, and antispasmodic. Dose, gr. 
 V to XV. 
 
 Carbonate of ammonia is at times used to form 
 effervescing draughts. One scruple saturates six 
 fiuidrachms of lemon juice, twenty-six grains of 
 crystallized tartaric acid, and twenty-six grains 
 of crystallized citric acid. 
 
 Carbonate of ammonia is the usual smelling 
 salts. When a few drops of Liquor Ammonite 
 fortior are added to it coarsely powdered, and 
 some volatile oil, it forms Preston Salts. 
 
 Ammonia Citbas, Citrate of Ammo'nia. Made 
 by saturating lemon or lime juice, or a solution 
 of citric acid, with carbonate of ammonia. Dose, 
 f^ss. It may be made extemporaneously, and 
 taken in an effervescing state. Seventeen grains 
 of citric acid, or half a fluidounce of lemon juice, 
 will be sufficient for thirteen grains of carbonate 
 of ammonia. 
 
 Ammonia Cupro-sulphas, Cuprum ammonia- 
 tum. 
 
 Ammonite et Ferri Murias, Ferrum ammo- 
 niatum — a. Ferro-citras, Ferri ammonio-citras — 
 a. Hydriodas, Ammonium, iodide of — a. Hydro- 
 chloras, AmmonitE murias — a. Hydrosulphure- 
 tum, Liquor fumans Boylii — a. Hypocarbonas, 
 Ammonite Carbonas. 
 
 Ammonia Mu'rias (Ph. U. S.), ilu'riate oi 
 Chlorohydrate of Ammo'nia, Hydrochlo' rate of 
 Ammo'nia, Chlorohydrate of Ammo'nia (Ph. U. 
 S.), Sal Ammoni'acum, Sal Ammo'niae, Sal 
 Ammoni'acus, Ammo' nia Muriat'ica, Ammo' nium 
 Muria'tum, Ammo'nia HydrocMo' raa, Chlorure'- 
 tum Arnmo'nicum, Sal Armeni'acum, Salmiac, 
 Fuli'go Al'ha Pkilosopho'rum, Ilisadir, (F.) 
 JIuriaie d' Ammoniaque, Sel Ammoniac ou Arme- 
 niac. A saline concrete, formed by the combi- 
 nation of muriatic acid with ammonia. In Egypt 
 it is manufactured in large quantities by sublim- 
 ing the soot formed by burning camel's dung — 26 
 pounds of the soot yielding 6 pounds. It is also 
 prepared, in great quantities, by adding sulphuric 
 acid to the volatile alkali obtained from soot, 
 bones, &c., mixing this with common salt, and 
 subliming. 
 
 Muriate of ammonia is inodorous, but has an 
 acrid, pungent, bitterish, and urinous taste. 
 Three parts of cold water dissolve one. Solu- 
 ble also in 4-5 parts of alcohol. It is aperient 
 and diuretic, but seldom used internally. Es- 
 
AMMO^^IAQUB 
 
 AMOMUJI 
 
 ternally, it is employed, producing cold during 
 its solution, in inflammations, &c. 
 
 Aji3Io'xij2 Nitras, Nitrate of Ammonia, AV- 
 hali volat'ilenitra'tum, Sal ammoni' acii^ nitro' 8us, 
 Ammo' Ilia nitra'ta, Nitras ammoiii' aca, Nitrum 
 flammans, (F.) Nitrate d'Ainmoniaque. A salt 
 composed of nitric acid and ammonia. It is diu- 
 retic and deobstruent. (?) Externally, it is dis- 
 cutient and sialogogue. 
 
 Ammo'xijs Phosphas, Ammo'nium pJiosphor'i- 
 cuiii, Phosphate of Ammo'nia, (F.) Phosphate 
 d'Ammoniaqiie. This salt has been recommended 
 as an excitant, diaphoretic, and discutient. More 
 recently, it has been proposed as a new remedy 
 for gout and rheumatism, as a solvent of uric acid 
 calculus, and for diseases, acute and chronic, con- 
 nected directly with the lithic acid diathesis. 
 
 AiiMoxi^E Sesquicarbonas, a. carbonas. 
 
 Ammo'xi^ Sclphas, Sulphate of Ammo'nia, 
 Sulphas ammoni'accB, Ammo'nium snlphu'ricum, 
 Al'kali volat'ile vitriola'tum, Sal Ammoni'acum 
 secre'tum Glauberi, Sal seere'tus Glauberi, Vi- 
 triolum ammoniaca'le, (F.) Sulphate dAmmoni- 
 aquc. Formed by adding sulphuric acid either to 
 sal ammoniac or toammoniacal liquor. Its proper- 
 ties are like those of the muriate of ammonia. 
 
 Ammo'xi.e Sulphure'tum, Sul'phuret of Am- 
 mo'nia, Htjdrosul' pihuret of Ammo'nia, Ammo'- 
 nium Sidf hydra' turn, HijdrosuV phas Ammonia, 
 Spir'itus Begdi'-VI, Sp. fumans Begui'xi, Sul- 
 pihure'tum ammoni' acm, Sp. salis ammoni'aci aul- 
 pjhura'tus. Liquor ammo'nii hydrothi'odis, Hydro- 
 sulphure'tum Ammo' nieum, Hydrosulph. anunonia- 
 ca'le aquo'sum, Hydror/'eno-sulphure'turn, amnio- 
 ni'acce liq'uidum, Spir'itus sul'phuris volat'ilis, 
 ITejjar sulphuris volat'ile, Botle's or Beg0INe's 
 fuming spiirit, (F.) Hydrosulpjhate sulfure d'Ain- 
 moniaque, Liqueur fumante de BoYLE, Sulfure 
 hydrogene d'Ammoniaque, Hydrosnlfure d'Am- 
 moniaqiie. Odour very fetid; taste nauseous and 
 styptic; colour dark yellowish green. It is re- 
 puted to be sedative, nauseating, emetic, disoxy- 
 genizing(?) and has been given in diabetes and 
 diseases of increased excitement. Dose, gtt. vij 
 
 to gtt. XX. 
 
 Ammo'xIjtE Tartras, Al'kali volat'ile tartari- 
 za'turn, Sal Ammoni'acum tarta'reum, Tar'tarus 
 ammo'nicB, Tartrate of Ammo'nia, (F.) Tartrate 
 d'Ainmoniaque. A salt composed of tartaric acid 
 and ammonia. It is diaphoretic and diuretic; 
 but not much used. 
 
 A2IM0NIAQUE, Ammonia — a. Arseniate d', 
 Arseniate of ammonia — a. Hydrosnlfure d', Am- 
 monise sulphuretum — a. Hydrosulfate sidfure d', 
 Ammonias sulphuretum — -a. Liquide, Liquor am- 
 monias — a. Phosphate d' , Ammoniffi phosphas — 
 a. Sulfure hydrogene d' , Ammonise sulphuretum. 
 
 AMMONII lODIDUM, Ammonium, iodide of 
 — a. loduretum, Ammonium, iodide of. 
 
 AMMOXIO-CUPRICUS SUBSULPHAS, Cu- 
 prum ammoniatum. 
 
 AMMO'!NION, from a^jio^, 'sand.' An ancient 
 collyrium of great virtue ia many diseases of the 
 eye, and which was said to remove sand from 
 that organ. 
 
 AMMOXIUM ARSENICICUM, Arseniate of 
 ammonia — a. Carbonicum, Ammonias carbonas — 
 a. Hydroiodieum, Ammonium, iodide of — a. lo- 
 datum. Ammonium, iodide of. 
 
 AiiMo'xiuii, Iodide of, lod'idum seu lodure'- 
 tum ammonii, Ammonium loda'tum seu Hydro- 
 iod'icum, Hydri'odas ammo'iiiee, Hydri'odate of 
 ammo'nia. This salt is formed by saturating 
 liquid hydriodic acid with coAistic ammonia, and 
 evaporating the solution. It is applied in the 
 form of ointment (^j ad adipis ^j) in lepra, 
 psoriasis, &c. 
 
 Ammonium Muriaticum Martiatum seu Mar- 
 TiALE, Ferrum ammoniatum — a. Muriatum, Am- 
 
 monias murias — a. Phosphoricum, Ammoniae 
 phosphas — a. Subcarboneum, Ammonias carbonas 
 — a. Sulf hydratum. Ammonias sulphuretum — a. 
 Sulphuricum, Ammonias sulphas. 
 
 AMNA ALCALIZATA, Water, mineral, sa- 
 line. 
 
 AMNEMOSTNE, Amnesia. 
 
 AMNE'SIA, Amnest'ia, Amnemos'yne, from a, 
 privative, and fivria-ii, 'memory.' Ilo'ria iinhec"- 
 ilis amne'sia, Oblio'io, Pecollectio'nis jaetu'ra, 
 DyscBsthe'sia inter'na, Dehil'itas memo'rics, Me- 
 mo' ria dele'ta, (S.) Perte de Memoire, 'loss of 
 memory.' By some nosologists, amnesia con- 
 stitutes a genus of diseases. By most, it is con- 
 sidered only as a symptom, which may occur in 
 many diseases. 
 
 AMNESTIA, Amnesia. 
 
 AMNIO, Amniotic. 
 
 AMNIO AOID, Amniotic acid. 
 
 AMNIITIS, Amnitis. 
 
 AMNIOCLEP'SIS, from amnios, and kAe-tw, 
 'I steal or take away clandestinely.' Premature 
 escape of the liquor amnii. 
 
 AMNIOPtRHOE'A, from amnios, and psu, 'I 
 flow.' A premature discharge of the liquor amnii. 
 
 AM'NION, Ain'nios, Aninium, Hym'nium, 
 Charta virgin'ea, Armatu'ra, Agni'na memlra'nu, 
 Pellu'cida membra' na. Galea, Scepar'num, Lidu'- 
 sixan, Amic'idum, Meinhra' na foitum invol'vens. 
 The innermost of the enveloping membranes of 
 the foetus : — so called because first observed in 
 the sheep (?), [afivos, ' a sheep.') It is thin, trans- 
 parent, perspirable, and possesses many delicate 
 colourless vessels, which have not be-en injected. 
 It is generally considered to be produced by a 
 fold of the external layer of the germinal mem- 
 brane, rising up, and gradually enveloping the 
 embryo. Its external surface is feebly united to 
 the chorion by areolar and vascular filaments. 
 Its inner surface is polished, and is in contact 
 with the body of the foetus and the liquor amnii. 
 
 AMNIOT'IO, Amniot'icus, Amnio, Am'nicut, 
 (F.) Amniotique ou Amnique. Relating, or ap- 
 pertainincT, to the amnios. 
 
 AMNIOT'IO ACID, Ac"idum am'nieurn seu 
 amniof'ieum. A peculiar acid, found by Vauque- 
 lin and Buuiva in the liquor amnii of the cow, 
 
 A31NIQUE, Amniotic. 
 
 AMNI'TIS, Amnii'tis, from amnion and itis, 
 'inflammation.' Inflammation of the amnion. 
 
 AMCENOMA'NIA, from amcenus, 'agreeable,' 
 and mania. A form of mania in which the hal- 
 lucinations are of an agreeable character. 
 
 AJIOJTE FAUX, Sison amomum. 
 
 AMO'MUM CARDAMO'MUM (Ph. D.), A. 
 verum, Alpin'ia cardamo'mum, Caro'pi, Mato'nia. 
 Cardamo'mum, Eletta'ria Cardamo'mum, Carda- 
 mo'mum 3limts, Lesser, True, or Officinal Car'da~ 
 mom, (F.) Cardamome de la Cote de Malabar, 
 Cardamome. Ord. Zingiberaceas. The fruit of 
 this East India plant — Cardainomum, (Ph. U. S.), 
 C. 3Ialabareii'se — has an agreeable, aromatic 
 odour, and a pungent, grateful taste. It is car- 
 minative and stomachic: but is chiefly used to 
 give warmth to other remedies. It is called Amo- 
 mis. Dose, gr. v to ^j. 
 
 The Amo'mum Garda'ino'mum of hinnssus. Clus- 
 ter or Pound Cardamom of Sumatra, Java, and 
 other islands eastward of the Bay of Bengal, 
 yields the round Cardamom, Cardamo'mum ro- 
 tun'dum, of the shops. The fruits, in their native 
 clusters or spikes, constituting the Amo'mum ra- 
 cemo'sum, are rarely met with. 
 
 Amomum Curcuma, Curcuma longa. 
 
 Amomum Galanga, Maranta galanga. 
 
 Amomum Granum Paradisi, A. max'imum, 
 Cardamo'mum majus seu pipera'tum, Meleguet'ta, 
 Maniguet'ta. Greater cardamom seeds — Grana 
 Paradi'ai, Grains of Paradise, (F.) Graines de 
 
AMOR 
 
 54 
 
 AMULETUM 
 
 Paradis — resemble A. cardamomum in properties. 
 They are estremely hot, and not much used. 
 
 Amomum, Great-winged, Amomum maximum 
 — a. Hirsutum, Costus. 
 
 Amomum Max'imum, Great-winged Amomum, 
 yields the fruit known in commerce by the names 
 Java or Nepal Cardamoms, Bengal Cardamoms 
 of the Calcutta market, &c. — Pereira. 
 
 Amomum Montanum, see Cassumuniar — a. Pi- 
 menta, see Myrtus pimenta — a. Racemosum, see 
 A. cardamomum — a. Sj'lvestre, see Cassumuniar 
 — a. Zedoaria, Kaempferia rotunda — a. Zerumbet, 
 see Cassumuniar. 
 
 Amomum Zo'giber, Zin'giher officina'le seu 
 album sevL nigrum seu commu'ne, Ziii'ziber, Gin- 
 ger, (F.) Gingemhre. The black a.nd tchite ginger, 
 Zin'ziber fuscum et album, Zin' giber (Ph. U. S.), 
 are the rhizoma of the same plant, Zin'giher offi- 
 cina'le, the difference depending upon the mode 
 of preparing them. 
 
 The odour of ginger is aromatic ; taste warm, 
 aromatic, and acrid. It yields its virtues to alco- 
 hol, and in a great degree to water. It is car- 
 minative, stimulant, and sialogogue. 
 
 Preserved Ginger, Zingib'eris Radix Condi'ta, 
 Radix Zingib'eris condi'ta ex India alla'ta, is a 
 condiment which possesses all the virtues of 
 ginger. 
 
 Ginger-Boer Powders may be formed of xcjiite 
 sugar ^j and Qij, ginger gr. v, subearbonafe of 
 soda gr. xsxvj, in each blue paper : acid of tar- 
 tar Qiss, in each vyhite paper — for half a pint of 
 water. 
 
 Oxley's Concentrated Essence of Jamaica Gin- 
 ger is a solution oi ginger in rectified spirit. 
 
 AMOE, Love. 
 
 AMORGE, Amurca. 
 
 AMORPHUS, Anhistous, Anideus. 
 
 AMOSTEUS, Osteocolla. 
 
 AMOUR, Love — a. Physique, Appetite, vene- 
 real. 
 
 AMOUREUX, (muscle.) Obliquus superior 
 oculi. 
 
 AMPAC, Amj)'acus. An East India tree, the 
 leaves of which have a strong odour, and are 
 used in baths as detergents. A very odoriferous 
 resin is obtained from it. 
 
 AMPAR, Succinum. 
 
 AMPELOCARPUS, Galium aparine. 
 
 AMPELOPRASUM, Allium. 
 
 AMPELOP'SIS QUINQUEFO'LIA, {aiJi^e\og, 
 'the vine/ and o^is, 'appearance,') Virgin'ian 
 Creeper, American Ivy, Five-leaved Ivy, Woody 
 Climber. An indigenous climbing plant. Ord. 
 Vitacese ; which flowers in July. It has been 
 advised as an expectorant. 
 
 AMPELOS, Vitis vinifera — a. Agria, Bryonia 
 alba — a. Idaja, Vaccinium Vitis Idsea — a. Mela3na, 
 Tamus communis — a. Oinophorus, Yitis vinifera. 
 
 AMPHAMPHOTERODIOPSIA, Diplopia. 
 
 AMPHARIS'TEROS, Ambilce'vus, 'awkward;' 
 from cfxipi, and apiarepos, 'the left.' Opposed to 
 ambidexter. 
 
 AMPHEMERINOS, Quotidian. 
 
 AMPHEMERUS, Quotidian. 
 
 AMPHI, aii(pi, 'both, around, on all sides.' 
 Hence, a prefix in many of the following terms. 
 
 AMPHIAM, Opium. 
 
 AMPHIARTHRO'SIS, from a//^i, 'both,' and 
 acyS-cwais, ' articulation.' A mixed articulation, 
 in which the corresponding surfaces of bones are 
 united in an intimate manner by an intermediate 
 body, which allows, however, of some slight mo- 
 tion. Such is the junction of the bodies of the 
 vertebrte by means of the intervertebral car- 
 tilages. This articulation has also been called 
 Diartlirose de Continuite. The motion it permits 
 is but slight. 
 
 AMPHIBLESTROIDITIS, Retinitis. 
 
 AMPHIBLESTROIDES, Reticular. 
 
 AMPHIBLESTROMALA'CIA, AmpMlles- 
 tro'idomala' cia, from amphiblestro'ides (membra- 
 na), 'the retina, and naXaxia, 'softening.' Mol- 
 lescence or softening of the retina. 
 
 AMPHIBRAN'CHIA, from ajKpi, 'around,' 
 and fipayxi-a, ' the throat.' Amphibron'chia. The 
 tonsils and neighbouring parts. — Hippocrates. 
 
 AMPHICAUSTIS, Vulva. 
 
 AMHID'EUM, from aiitj>i, 'around,' and Ssia, 
 '1 bind.' The outermost margin of the cervix 
 uteri ; the Labium iiteri. 
 
 AMPHIDEXIUS, Ambidexter. 
 
 AMPHIDIARTHRO'SIS, from a/i.0i, ' about,' 
 and iiapS-pcocrts, 'moveable joint.' A name given 
 by Winslow to the temporo-maxillary articula- 
 tion, because, according to that anatomist, it 
 partakes both of ginsrlymus and arthrodia. 
 
 AMPHIESMA CO^RDIS, Pericardium. 
 
 AMPHIMERINA, Pertussis— a. Hectica, Hec- 
 tic fever. 
 
 AMPHIMERINOS, Quotidian. 
 
 AMPHIOX, Maslach. 
 
 AMPHIPLEX, PeriniEum. 
 
 AMPHIPNEUMA, Dyspnoea. 
 
 AMPHISMELA, Knife, double-edged. 
 
 AMPHISMILE, Knife, double-edged. 
 
 AMPHISPHAL'SIS, Circumac'tio, Circum. 
 ductio, from afiipi, 'around,' and cipaWo], 'I wan- 
 der.' The movement of circumduction used in 
 reducing luxations. — Hippocrates. 
 
 AMPHODIPLOPIA, see Diplopia. 
 
 AM'PHORA, per syncop. for an4>i^opivs, from 
 aiKjii, 'on both sides,' and (ptpui, 'I bear :' because 
 it had two handles. A liquid measure among 
 the ancients, containing above seven gallons. 
 Also called Quadrant'al, Cera'mium, Ceram'nium, 
 Cadus. 
 
 AMPHORIC RESPIRATION, see Cavernous 
 Respiration. 
 
 AMPHOTERODIPLOPIA, see Diplopia. 
 
 AMPHRODIPLOPIA, Diplopia. 
 
 AMPLEXATIO, Coition. 
 
 AMPLEXUS, Coition. 
 
 AMPLIPICATIO, Platynosis. 
 
 AMPLIOPIA, Amblyopia, 
 
 AMPOSIS, Anaposis. 
 
 AJIPOULES, Essera. 
 
 AMPUL'LA, (L.) 'A bottle.' A membranous 
 bag, shaped like a leathern bottle. See Cavitas 
 Elliptica. In pharmacy, a receiver. 
 
 Ampulla Chtlifera seu Chyli, Rec«pta- 
 culum chyli. 
 
 AMPULLA, Phlyctsenee. 
 
 AMPUTATION, Amputa'tio, from amputare, 
 amputatum, (am, 'around,' aiid ]-jutare, 'to cut 
 off.') Apot'ome, Apotom'ia. The operation of 
 separating, by means of a cutting instrument, a 
 limb or a part of a limb, or a projecting part, as 
 the mamma, penis, <te., from the rest of the body. 
 In the case of a tumour, the term excision, re- 
 moval, or extirpation, (F.) Resection, is more com- 
 monly used. 
 
 Amputation, Circular, is that in which the 
 integuments and muscles are divided circularly. 
 
 Amputation, Flap, (F.) A. a, lambeaux, is 
 when one or two flaps are left so as to cover the 
 stump when the limb has been removed. 
 
 AMPtJTATiox, Joint, Exarticida'tio, (F.) A. 
 dans I'article ou dans la contiguite des membres, 
 is when the limb is removed at an articulation. 
 
 Each amputation requires a different process, 
 which is described in works on operative surgery. 
 
 Amputation, Spontaneous, see Spontaneous. 
 
 AMULET, Amuletum. 
 
 AMULETTE, Amuletum. 
 
 AMULE'TUM, from amoliri, 'to remove.' An 
 Amidet, Periam'ma, Apiotropm'urn, Periap'ton, 
 Phylaete'rion, Apoteles'ma, Exarte'ma, Alexica'- 
 
AMURCA 
 
 55 
 
 AMYRIS COMMIPHORA 
 
 eum, PrcBservati'vum, Proba3ea'nhnn,Prohascan'- 
 tiuni, (F.) Amidette. Any image or substance 
 worn about the person for the purpose of pre- 
 venting disease or danger. 
 
 AMUR'CA, Amur'ga, anopyn, from ajiepyta, 'I 
 press out.' The marc or grounds remaining after 
 olives have been crushed and deprived of their 
 oil. It has been used as an application to ulcers. 
 
 AMURGA, Amurca. 
 
 AMUSA, Musa Paradisiaca. 
 
 A'MYCE, Amycha, Amyx'is. Excoriation, Sca- 
 rification. 
 
 AMYCHA, Amyce. 
 
 AMYC'TICA, from aiivacui, '1 lacerate.' Me- 
 dicines which stimulate and vellicate the skin. — 
 Caelius Aurelianus. 
 
 A2IYD0LE, Fecula. 
 
 AMYDRIASIS, Mydriasis. 
 
 AMYEL'IA, from a, privative, and iiveXog, 
 'marrow.' A monstrous formation, in which 
 there is an absence of spinal marrow. 
 
 AMYELONER'VIAj/rom a, privative, /^ucXof, 
 'marrow,' and vevpov, 'nerve.' Paralysis or de- 
 ficient action of the spinal marrow. 
 
 AMYELOTROPH'IA, from a, privative, pneXog, 
 'marrow,' and Tpo(t>rj, 'nourishment.' Atrophy 
 of the spinal marrow. 
 
 AMYGt'DALA, same etymon as Amyctica; 
 because there seem to be fissures in the shell. 
 The Almond, of which there are two kinds ; 
 Amyg'dalm ania'rm and A. dulces, (F.) Amandes 
 ameres, and A. douees, obtaine,d from two varie- 
 ties of Amyg'dalus communis or A. sati'va, Al- 
 mond tree, (Old Eng.) Amyllier, a native of Bar- 
 bary. Ord. Amygdalese. Sex. Syst. Icosandria 
 Monogynia. 
 
 The taste of Amygdala dulcis is soft and sweet ; 
 that of A. amora, bitter. Both yield, by expres- 
 sion, a sweet, bland oil. The bitter almond con- 
 tains Prussic acid. They are chiefly used for 
 forming emulsions. 
 
 Amyg'dal^ Pasta, Almond Paste, a cosmetic 
 for softening the skin and preventing chaps, is 
 made of hitter almonds, blanched, ^^iv, xcltite of 
 one egg ;. rose water, and rectified sjiirit, equal 
 parts, or as much as is sufficient. 
 
 Amyg'dal^ Placen'ta, Almond Cake, is the 
 cake left after the expression of the oil. The 
 ground Almond Cake, Almond, Powder, Fari'ita 
 Amygdala' rum, is used instead of soap for wash- 
 ing the hands. 
 
 Amygdala, Tonsil. Also, a lobule or promi- 
 nence of the cerebellum, so called from its resem- 
 blance to an enlarged tonsil. This and its fellow 
 of the opposite side form the lateral boundaries 
 of the anterior extremity of the valley, and are 
 in great part covered by the medulla oblongata. 
 The Amygdalae are seated on either side of the 
 uvula, in the fourth ventricle. 
 
 A3[Y0' BALATO]\IE, Amygdalat'omus, from 
 afivyoaXri, 'tonsil,' and Topr], 'incision;' impro- 
 perly Tonsillitome, — Tonsil-guillotine, (F.) Se'ca- 
 teur des Amygdales. An instrument for surgery 
 and excising a portion of the tonsil. See Kio- 
 tome. 
 
 AMYGDALATUM, Emulsio amygdalse. 
 
 AltYGDALE, Tonsil. 
 
 AMYG'DALIN, Amygdali'num, Amygdali'na, 
 Amyg'daline. A principle contained in bitter 
 almonds, which is prepared by pressing the 
 bruised almonds between heated plates to sepa- 
 rate the fat oil; boiling the residue in alcohol; 
 evaporating, and treating with ether, which pre- 
 cipitates the amygdalin in a crystalline powder. 
 A weak solution of it, under the influence of a 
 small quantity of emidsin or synatapse, which 
 constitutes the larger portion of the pulp of al- 
 monds, yields at once oil of bitter almonds and 
 hydrocyanic acid. 
 
 AMYGDALITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
 
 AMYGDALUS, see Amygdala. 
 
 Amygdalus Communis, see Amygdala. 
 
 AmygdaluS Per'sica, Per'sica vulga'ris. The 
 common i)each-tree, (F.) Pecker. The leaves and 
 flowers have be-en considered laxative. They ai-e 
 bitter and aromatic, and have been given in hae- 
 maturia, nephritis, &c. The fruit is one of the 
 pleasant and wholesome summer fruits, when 
 ripe. The kernels, Amyg'dalm Per'sicw, as well 
 as the flowers, contain prussic acid. 
 
 Peach Brandy is distilled from the fruit, and 
 is much used in the United States. 
 
 AMYGMOS, Scarification. 
 
 AMYL, Amylum. 
 
 AMYLA'CEOUS, Amyla'cens, (F.) Amijlace. 
 from amylum, 'starch.' Having the nature of, 
 or containing starch. Starchy, starch-like. 
 
 Amylaceous Bodies, Corpora amylacea. 
 
 AMYLE, HYDRATED oxide of, Oil fusel 
 
 AMYLENE, see Potato oil. 
 
 AMYLEON, Amylum. 
 
 AiVIYLI lODIDUM, Starch, iodide of— a. 
 loduretum. Starch, iodide of. 
 
 AMYLLIER, see Amygdala. 
 
 AxMYLOID BODIES, Corpora amylacea. 
 
 A'MYLUM, A'midum, Fee'ida, Amyl'eon, 
 Amyl'ion, Am'ylon, from a, priv., and /juAi;, 'a 
 mill,' because made without a mill. Starch, (Old 
 Eng.) Amyl, (F.) Amidon, Amylon. Starch of 
 Wheat, Fari'na, Trit'ici fari'na, Amylum tritic" - 
 eu7n sen Trit'ici, Fec'ula Amyla'cea, is inodorous 
 and insipid, white and friable. It is insoluble in 
 cold water and alcohol, but forms with boiling 
 water a strong, semi-transparent jelly. It is de- 
 mulcent, and is used as an emollient glyster, and 
 as the vehicle for opium, when given per amim. 
 Starch is met with abundantly in all the cereal 
 grains, in the stalks of many of the palms, in 
 some lichens, and in many tuberous roots, par- 
 ticularly in the bulbs of the orchis. 
 
 Amylum Americanum, see Arrow-root — a. 
 Cannaceum, Tous-les-mois — a. lodatum. Starch, 
 iodide of — a. Manihotieum, see Jatropha manihot 
 — a. Marantaceum, Arrow-root — a. Palmaceum, 
 Sago — a. Querneum, Raeahout. 
 
 A'MYON, from a priv., and fiviov, 'a muscle,' 
 Emnscida'tus. Without muscle. Applied to the 
 limbs, when so extenuated that the muscles can- 
 not be distinguished. 
 
 AMYOSIS, Synezizis. 
 
 AMYOSTHENI'A, (F.) Amyosthenie, from a, 
 priv., nvb)v, 'a muscle,' and a^tvoc, 'strength.' 
 Defect of muscular contraction. 
 
 AMYOSTHENIE GYSTURIQUE, Paralysis 
 of the bladder. — Piorry. 
 
 AMYRIS COMMIPHORA, see Bdellium. 
 
 Am'yris Elemif'era, (a. intensive, and /ivpov, 
 'an odoriferous ointment,' because it enters into 
 the composition of such.) (F.) Balsamier ou 
 Baumier Elemifere. Ord. Terebinthacese. Sex. 
 Syst. Oetandria Monogynia. The plant whence 
 it has been supposed Gum El'emi is obtained. 
 This gum or resin is brought from the Spanish 
 East and West Indies. Brazilian Elemi, accord- 
 ing to Dr. Royle, is produced by Idea leicarihn ; 
 Mexican Elemi, by Ela'j^ihriuni elemiferiim' ; and 
 Manilla Elemi, by Cana'rium commu'ne. It is 
 softish, transparent, of a pale whitish colour, in- 
 clining a little to green, and of a strong, though 
 not unpleasant smell. It is only used in oint- 
 ments and plasters, and is a digestive. 
 
 Amyris Gileadensis, see A. opobalsamum. 
 
 Am'yris Opobal'samum, (F.) Balsamier ou 
 Baumier de la Mecque, Bal'sem, Bal'samum. The 
 plant from which is obtained the Balsam op 
 Mecca, Bal'samum genvi'mim antiqno'rvm seu 
 Asiat'icum seu Juda'icum seu Syriacum seu e 
 
AMYRON 
 
 56 
 
 ANESTHETIC 
 
 Hfeccd seu Alpi'ni, Balsamelm' on, JSgyiotiacum 
 Bal'sanmm, Coccohal'samum, Oleum BaVsami, 
 Opohal'samum, Xylohal'samum, Balsam or Balm 
 of Gilead, (F.) Baume Blanc, B. de Constantino- 
 ple blanc, B. de Galaad, B. da Grand Caire, B. 
 Vrai, Terebinthine de Giliad, T. d' Egypte, T. du 
 Grand Kaire, T. de Judee. A resinous juice ob- 
 tained by making incisions into Amyris opohal'- 
 samum and A. Gileaden'sis of Linn^us, Balsa- 
 luaden'dron Gileaden'se of Kunth. The juice of 
 the fruit is called GarpohcV samum ; that of the 
 wood and branches Xylohal'samum. It has the 
 general properties of the milder Terebinthinates. 
 Amvris Tomentosum, Fagara octandra. 
 AMYRON, Carthamus tinctorius. 
 A'MYUS, from a, privative, and nvs, 'a mouse, 
 a muscle.' Weak or poor in muscle. 
 
 AMYX'IA, from a, privative, and /tufa, 'mu- 
 cus.' Deficiency of mucus. 
 
 AMYXIS, Amyce, Scarification. 
 ANA, ava, a word which signifies 'of each.' 
 It is used in prescriptions as well as a and ila, its 
 abbreviations. As a prefix to words, it means 
 'in,' 'through,' 'upwards,' 'above,' in opposition 
 to cata; — also, 'repetition,' like the English re. 
 Hence, — • 
 
 ANAB'ASIS, from avaPaivoi, 'I ascend.' The 
 first period of a disease, or that of increase. — 
 Galen. See Augmentation. 
 ANABEXIS, Expectoration 
 ANABLEP'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and jSXsnu), 
 ' I see.' Restoration to sight. 
 
 ANABOL^'ON, Aimhole' us, from ava/?aXX(o, 'I 
 cast up.' An ointment for extracting darts or 
 other extraneous bodies. 
 
 ANAB'OLE, from ava, 'upwards,' and jSaXXco, 
 'I cast.' Anayo'ge, Anaph'ora, Anacine'ma, 
 Anacine'sis. An evacuation upwards. An act 
 by which certain matters are ejected by the 
 mouth. In common acceptation it includes, ex- 
 sp>uitlon, expectoration, regurgitation, and vomit- 
 ing. 
 
 ANABROCHIS'MUS, Anahron'cMsmus, from 
 uva, 'with,' and ^(lo^pi, 'a running knot.' An 
 operation for removing the eye-lashes, for exam- 
 ple, when they irritate the eye, by means of a 
 bair knotted around them. — Hippocrates, Galen, 
 Celsus, &c. 
 ANABRONCHISMUS, Anabrochismus. 
 ANABROSIS, Corrosion, Erosion. 
 ANACAMPSEROS, Sedum telephijim. 
 ANACAR'DIUM OCCIDENTA'LE, {ava and 
 Kabila, 'heart,' from the resemblance of the fruit 
 to a dried heart,) Acaju'ha oceidenta'lis, Cassu'- 
 vium pomAf erum. Cashew ( W. Indies.) (F.) Ac'- 
 ajou. Ord. Terebinthaceas. Sex. Syst. Ennean- 
 dria Monogynia. The Oil of tl^ CasJiew Nut, 
 O'leum Anacar'dii, (F.) Huile d'AcaJou, is an 
 active caustic, and used as such in the countries 
 where it grows, especially for destroying warts, 
 &c. 
 Anacarpium Orientalb, Avicennia tomentosa. 
 ANACATHAR'SIS, from ava, 'upwards,' and 
 Kd&aipuv, ' to purge.' Purgation upwards. Ex- 
 pectoration. See, also, Repurgatio. 
 
 Anacatharsts Catarrhalis Simplex, Ca- 
 tarrh. 
 
 ANACATHARTICUS, Expectorant. 
 ANACESTOS, Incurable. 
 ANACHREMPSIS, Exspuition. 
 ANACHRON, Soda. 
 ANACINEMA, Anabole, Exspuition. 
 ANACINESIS, Anabole, Exspuition. 
 ANACLASIS, Repercussion. 
 ANACLINTE'RIUM, Anaclin'trum, Recuhi- 
 to'rium, from avaK\iv<a, 'I recline.' A long chair 
 or seat, so formed that the person can rest in a 
 reclining posture. 
 
 ANACLINTRUM, Anaclinterium. 
 
 ANACOLLE'MA, from ava, 'together, ai^d 
 KoXXuu), 'I glue.' A healing medicine. 
 Anacollemata, Frontal bandages. 
 ANACOLUP'PA. A creeping plant of Mala- 
 bar, the juice of which, mixed with powdered 
 pepper, passes in India as a cure for epilepsy, 
 and as the only remedy for the bite of the naja 
 It is supposed to be Zapa'nia nodiflo'ra. 
 ANACOLUTHIE, Incoherence. 
 ANACOMIDE, Restauratio. 
 ANACONCHYLIASMUS, Gargarism. 
 ANACONCHYLISMUS, Gargarism. 
 ANACTESIS, Restauratio. 
 ANACTIRION, Artemisia. 
 ANACYCLEON, Charlatan. 
 ANACYCLUS OFFICINARUM, see Anthe- 
 mis Pyrethrum — a. Pyrethrum, Anthemis pyre- 
 thrum. 
 
 ANADESMUS, Fascia. 
 
 ANADIPLO'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and h-rXoui, 
 'I double.' Epanadiplo'sis, Epanalep'sis, Bedu- 
 plica'tio. The redoubling which occurs in a 
 paroxysm of an intermittent, when its type is 
 double. — Galen, Alexander of Tralles. 
 ANADORA, Ecdora. 
 
 ANAD'OSIS, from avaSiSioni, 'I give up.' 
 Purgation upwards, as by vomiting. Congestion 
 of blood towards the upper parts of the body. 
 Anadosie seems also to have occasionally meant 
 chylification, whilst diadosis meant capillary nu- 
 trition, — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 ANAD'ROME, fyom ava, 'upwards,' and ^p£/i&), 
 ' I run.' The transport of a humour or pain from 
 a lower to an upper part. — Hippocrates. Also, 
 the globus hystericus. See Angone. 
 
 ANJ3D(E'US, from av, privative, and aihoia, 
 'organs of generation.' A monster devoid of 
 sexual organs. 
 
 AN^MATOPOE'SIS, from n, av, privative, 
 'aifxa, 'blood,' and ttouu}, 'I make.' Impeded or 
 obstructed hasmatosis. 
 
 AN^MATO'SIS, Anhamato'sis, from a, av, 
 privative, and 'ai^a, 'blood.' Defective hsoma. 
 tosis or preparation of the blood. Anemia. 
 
 AN^'MIA, Exm'mia, Ance'masis, Anhce'mia, 
 AnhcBvtaio'sis, Polyanha'mia, Ancemo'sis, Oligce'- 
 mia, Oligohm'mia, Hypa'viia, Hydroa'mia, Hy- 
 drm'niia, Ane'mia, (F.) An&mie, AnJiemic, Anhe- 
 matosie,PolyanMmie, Hydrohemie,Exaanguin'ity, 
 Blood' lessness : from a, priv., and 'aifjia, 'blood.' 
 Privation of blood ; — the opposite to plethora. It 
 is characterized by every sign of debility. Also, 
 diminished quantity of fluids in the capillary ves- 
 sels : — the opposite to Hyperemia. — The essential 
 character of the blood in anemia is diminution 
 in the ratio of red corpuscles. 
 
 AN^'MIC, Anem'ie, AncB'micus ; same ety- 
 mon. Appertaining or relating to ansemia, — as 
 an " ancBmic ■person." See Exsanguious. 
 
 AN^MOCH'ROUS,froma, aj/, privative, 'aifia, 
 'blood,' and XP"^' 'colour.' Devoid of colour, 
 pale. 
 
 AN^MOSIS, Anasmia. 
 
 AN^MOT'ROPHY, Anaimotrop'h'ia : from av, 
 privative, 'ai/^a, 'blood,' and rpoipt], 'nourish- 
 ment.' A deficiency of sanguineous nourishment. 
 — Prout. 
 
 AN^MYDRIA, Anhydramia. 
 AN^STHE'SIA, Anasthe'sis, Insensihil'itas, 
 Analge'sia, Parap'sis expers, (F.) Anesthesie ; 
 from a, privative, and aiadavofiai, ' I feel.' Pri- 
 vation of sensation, and especially of that of 
 touch, according to some. It may be general or 
 partial, and is almost always symptomatic. 
 
 Anesthesia Gustatoria, Ageustia — a. Lin- 
 gu£B, Ageustia — a. Olfactoria, Anosmia — a. Optic, 
 Amaurosis. 
 
 AN^STHESIS, Anaesthesia. 
 ANiESTIIET'IC, Anesthet'ic, AncBsthet'iciif, 
 
ANiESTHETIZATION 
 
 57 
 
 ANAPNOE 
 
 (F.) Anesthesique ; same etymon, as Ancestheski. 
 Relating to privation of feeling, as an " oncBstheti'c 
 agent;" one that prevents feeling. The term is, 
 now, almost restricted to agents, which produce 
 such effect by being received into the lungs in 
 the form of vapours or gases, and passing with 
 the blood to the nervous centres on which their 
 action is exerted. Perhaps, as a general rule, 
 the intellectual faculties first feel their influence, 
 — a sort of intoxication supervening, with imper- 
 fect power of regulating the movements; the 
 sensory ganglia become afterwards or simulta- 
 neously affected, sensation and motion are 
 suspended, and ultimately, if the quantity in- 
 haled be suflBcient, the medulla oblongata has its 
 actions suspended or destroyed, respiration ceases, 
 and death is the consequence. Different agents 
 have been used as ancesthetics by way of inhala- 
 tion — sulphuric ether, chloroform, chloric ether, 
 compound ether, chlorohydric and nitric ethers, 
 bisulphuret of carbon, chloride of olefiant gas, 
 benzin, aldehyde, light coal-tar naphtha, &c. ; 
 but the first four are alone employed. They have 
 been, and are, greatly used in serious surgical 
 operations, and during parturition; and in such 
 cases, as well as in many diseases, especially of a 
 painful nature, produce the most beneficial results. 
 
 AN^STHETIZA'TION, (F.) AnesthetiSation; 
 same etymon. The condition of the nervous sys- 
 tem induced by anaesthetics. 
 
 ANAGAL'LIS, from ava, and yaXa, 'milk,' 
 from its power of coagulating ijiilk. A. arven'sis 
 A. Phoenic"ea, Red Pim'iJernel, Scarlet Pimper- 
 nel, Shepherd' s Sun-dial. Nat. Ord. Primulaceaj. 
 Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. (F.) Mouron 
 rouge. A common European plant; a reputed 
 antispasmodic and stomachic. 
 
 Another species — Anagal'lis ecBru'lea is a mere 
 variety of the above. 
 
 Anagallts Aquatic a, Veronica Beccabunga. 
 
 ANAGARGALICTON, Gargarism. 
 
 ANAGARGARISMUS, Gargarism. 
 
 ANAGARGARISTON, Gargarism. 
 
 ANAGLYPHE, Calamus scriptorius. 
 
 ANAGNOSTAKIS, see Ophthalmoscope. 
 
 ANAGOGE, Anabole, Rejection. 
 
 ANAGRAPHE, Prescription. 
 
 ANAG'YRIS, Anag'yris foe'tida, Anag'yrus, 
 Ac'opon, Stinking Bean Trefoil. (F.) Anac/ijre, 
 from avayu, ' I lead upwards' [ ? ]. Native of Italy. 
 The leaves are powerfully purgative. The juice 
 is said to be diuretic, and the seeds emetic. — Di- 
 oscorides, Paulus. 
 
 ANAGYRUS, Anagyris. 
 
 ANAL, Ana'lis. That which refers to the 
 anus ; — as Anal region, &g. 
 
 ANAL'DIA, (F.) Analdie; from a, av, priva- 
 tive, and oXhtLv, 'to grow.' Defective nutrition. 
 
 ANALEMSIA, Analepsia. 
 
 ANALENTIA, Analepsia. 
 
 ANALEP'SIA, Anale2>'sis, Analen'tia, Ana- 
 lem'sia, from ava, 'fresh,' and Xajx^avtiv. (future 
 Xi74o//«i,) 'to take.' Restoration to strength after 
 disease. — Galen. AJiind of sympathetic epilepsy, 
 originating from gastric disorder. See Epilepsy. 
 
 Also, the support given to a fractured extre- 
 mity ; — Appen'sio. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANALEPSIS, Convalescence, Restauratio. 
 
 ANALEP'TICA, Anapsye'tica, Psycllot'ica, 
 Refecti'va, Peficien'tia, Restauran'tia, Analep)'- 
 tics, same etymon. Restorative medicines or 
 food ; such as are adapted to recruit the strength 
 during convalescence; — as sago, salep, tapioca, 
 jelly, &c. 
 
 Analeptic Pills, James's, consist of James's 
 Powder, Gum Ammoniaeum, and Pills of Aloes 
 and Myrrh, equal parts, with Tincture of Castor, 
 sufficient to form a mass. 
 
 ANALGE'SIA, Anal'gia, from a, av, priv., and 
 a\yog, 'pain.' Absence of pain both in health 
 and disease." See Aneesthesia. 
 
 ANALGIA, Analgesia. 
 
 AN'ALOGUE, Anal'ogus; from ava, 'again,' 
 and Aoyos, ' a description.' A part in one orga- 
 nized being which has the same function as an- 
 other part in another organized being. 
 
 ANALOGOUS TISSUES, see Tissues. 
 
 ANALOSIS, Atrophy. 
 
 ANALTESIS, Restauratio. 
 
 ANALTHES, Incurable. 
 
 ANAMIRTA COCCULUS, Menispermum coc- 
 culus — a. Peniculata, Menispermum cocculus. 
 
 ANAMNES'TIC, Anamnes'ticum, from ava, 
 'again,' and ynnvrjaKU), 'I remember.' A medi- 
 cine for improving the memory. See, also, Com- 
 memorative. 
 
 ANANAS, Bromelia ananas — a. Aculeata, Bro- 
 melia ananas — a. Americana, Bromelia pinguiii 
 — a. Ovata, Bromelia ananas — Wild, broad- 
 leaved, Bromelia pinguin. 
 
 ANANAZIP'TA. A word formerly scrawled 
 on amulets to charm away disease. 
 
 ANANDRI'A, from a, av, privative, and avnfi, 
 'a man.' Want of manliness. Impotence in the 
 male. The state and act of emasculation. 
 
 ANANEO'SIS, Renova'tio ; from ava, 'again,' 
 and vEoj, 'new.' Renovation or renewal, — as of 
 the blood by the chyliferous vessels and lym- 
 phatics. 
 
 ANAPETI'A, Exjyan'sio mea'tuum, from ava, 
 and TTETatii, ' I dilate.' A state opposite to the 
 closure of vessels. — Galen. 
 
 ANAPHALANTI'ASIS,4«f7J^.a?o??.to'«!a,from 
 ava(pa\avTiai, ' bald.' Los^ of the hair of the eye- 
 brows. Also, baldness in general. 
 
 ANAPHALANTOMA, Anaphalantiasis. 
 
 ANAPHE, Anaphia. 
 
 ANAPH'IA, Anhaph'ia, An'aphe, from a, av, 
 priv., and 'aipr;, 'touch.' Diminution or privation 
 of the sense of touch. 
 
 ANAPHLASMUS, Masturbation. 
 
 ANAPHONE'SIS, from ava, ' high,' and 4,^vj,, 
 'voice.' Exercise of the voice : vociferation: — 
 the act of crying out. Vocifera'tio, Olamor. 
 
 ANAPHORA, Anabole. 
 
 ANAPHRODIS'IA, from a, priv., and A0po- 
 SiTT], ' Y enus,' Defec'tus Ven'eris. Absence of the 
 venereal appetite. Sometimes used ior Impotence 
 and Sterility. 
 
 ANAPHRODISIAC, Antaphrodisiac. 
 
 ANAPHROMELI, Mel.despumatum. 
 
 ANAP'LASIS, Anaplasm'us, from avaTrAao-o-u, 
 ' I restore.' Confirma'tio, Reposi"tio. Restora- 
 tion. Union or consolidation of a fractured bone. 
 — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANAPLASMATIC, Anaplastic. 
 
 ANAPLASMUS, Anaplasis. 
 
 ANAPLAS'TIC, AnapAas'tieus ; same etymon. 
 An epithet applied to the art of restoring lost 
 parts or the normal shape, — as 'Anaplastic Sur- 
 gery.' See Morioplastice. Also an agent, that 
 increases the amount of plastic matter — fibrin — 
 in the blood; Anaplasmai'ic. 
 
 ANAPLERO'SIS, from ava-aXnpow, [ava, and 
 irXj/pou',) 'I fill up.' Repletion. That part of 
 surgical therapeutics whose object is to supply 
 parts that are wanting. Also, Apposition or 
 Prosthesis. 
 
 ANAPLEROTICUS, Incarnans. 
 
 ANAPLEU'SIS, Fluetita'tio, lanata'tio, from 
 ava-nXsiv, [ava and ttAju)), 'to swim above.' The 
 looseness or shaking of an exfoliated bone ; or of 
 a carious or other tooth, &c. — Hippocrates, 
 Paulus. 
 
 ANAPLOSIS, Growth. 
 
 ANAPNEUSIS, Respiration. 
 
 ANAPNOE, Respiration. 
 
ANAPNOENUSI 
 
 58 
 
 ANATOMY 
 
 ANAPXOENU'SI, from anapnoe, 'respira- 
 iion,' and vovcos, disease.' Diseases of the re- 
 spiratory organs. 
 
 ANAPNOMETER, Spirometer. 
 
 ANAPODISIS UTERI, Retroversio Uteri, 
 
 ANAP0DI3MUS UTERI, Retroversio Uteri. 
 
 ANAPODOPHYLLUM CANADENSE, Podo- 
 phyllum peltatum. 
 
 ANAP'OSIS, Ani'posie, from ava, 'again,' and 
 Toaiq, 'drink.' A recession of humours from the 
 circumference to the centre of the body. — Hippo- 
 crates. 
 
 ANAPSE, Auailte. 
 
 ANAPSIA, GcBcitas. 
 
 ANAPSYCTICA, Analeptica. 
 
 AXAPTYSIS, Expectoration. 
 
 ANAPTYXIS, Growth. 
 
 ANARCOTINA, Narcotine. 
 
 ANARRHEG-NU'MINA, from avappvywfii, '1 
 break out again.' Fractures are so called when 
 tney become disunited; as well as ulcers when 
 they break out afresh. 
 
 ANARRHI'JvTON', from ava, 'upwards,' and 
 piv, ' the nose.' That which returns by the nose. 
 — Gorraeus. 
 
 According to others, that which issues by the 
 skin ; from ava, and pivog, 'the skin.' 
 
 ANARRHINUM, Sternutatory. 
 
 ANARRHffi'A, Anar'fhoe,Anarrho'pia, Anas'- 
 tasis, from ava, ' upwards,' and /ieu, ' I flow. Af- 
 flux of fluid towards the upper part of the body. 
 
 ANARRHOPHE, Absorption. 
 
 AN A R R H P H EN U'S I, from anarrJiophe, 
 'absorption,' and vovaos, 'disease.' Diseases of 
 the absorbents. 
 
 ANARRHOPHESIS, Absorption. 
 
 ANARRnOPIA, Anarrhcea. 
 
 ANAR'THRUS, from av, priv. and ap^pov, 'a 
 joint.' Without a joint. One who is so fat that 
 his joints are scarcely perceptible. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANASAR'CA, from ava, ' through,' and trapl, 
 aapKos, ' the flesh.' Anasarch'a, Catasar'ca, 
 Aqua intercus seu inter cutem, Hypumv' ca, Hy- 
 drops cellula'ris toti'ua cor'jioris, H. Anasar'- 
 ea seu inter'cua seu subcuta'neus seu cdlulo'aus seu 
 ciila'neus seu teliz cellulo' scb, Katasar ca, Episar- 
 cid'ium, Hy'deros, Hydaton'cus, Hyderon'cus, 
 Hydron'cus, Hydrosar'ca, Hydroder' ma, Hydrop' - 
 isis vera, Sar' cites, Polylym'phia, Hyposareld' ins, 
 Leucophlegma' tia. General dropsy. Dropsy of the 
 cellular membrane, (F.) Anasarqtie. Commonly, 
 it begins to manifest itself by swelling around the 
 ankles; and is characterized by tumefaction of 
 the limbs and of the soft parts covering the ab- 
 domen, thorax, and even the face, with paleness 
 and dryness of the skin, and pitting when any 
 of these (especially the ankles) are pressed upon. 
 Like dropsy in general. Anasarca may be active 
 or passive ; and its treatment must be regulated 
 by the rules that are applicable to general dropsy. 
 At times, the symptoms are of an acute character, 
 and the efTusion sudden, constituting Derma- 
 toek'ysis. Hydrops Anasar'ca acu'tus, CEde'ma 
 cal'idum, CE. acu'tum, CE. fehri'le of some. See 
 Hydrops. 
 
 Anasarca HrsTERicmr, Anathymiasis — a. 
 Pulmonum Hydropneumonia, ffidema of the 
 Lungs — - a. Serosa, Phlegmatia dolens. 
 
 ANASARCHA. Anasarca. 
 
 ANASARQUE, Anasarca. 
 
 ANASISMUS, Concussion. 
 
 ANASPADIA, see Anaspadiseus. 
 
 ANASPA'DIAS, Epispa'dias, from ava, 'up- 
 wards,' and iTxau), ' I draw.' One whose urethra 
 opens on the upper surface of the penis. 
 
 ANASPADISIS, see Anaspadiaeus. 
 
 ANASPADISMUS, see Anaspadiajus. 
 
 ANAS'PASIS, Anaspasm'us, from avacrirao), 'I 
 contract.' Betrac'tio. Contraction, especially of 
 
 the bowels. The condition is called Anasjia'dia, 
 Anaspad'iais, and Anaspadis'mus. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANASPASMUS, Anaspasis, 
 
 ANASSA, Bromelia ananas. 
 
 ANASTALTICA, Styptics. 
 
 ANASTASIS, Anarrhoea. Also, restoration 
 from sickness. Convalescence. 
 
 ANASTCECHEIO'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and 
 cToix^Lov, ' element.' Reelementa' tio. Resolu- 
 tion of a body or its parts into their elements. — 
 Galen. 
 
 ANASTOMO'SIS, from ava, 'with,' and aroiia, 
 ' a mouth.' Inoscula' tio seu Reu'nio vaso'rum, 
 Exanastomo'sis, Concur' sus, (F.) Abouchement. 
 Communication between two vessels. By con- 
 sidering the nerves to be channels, in which a 
 nervous fluid circulates, their communication like- 
 wise has been called Anastomosis. By means of 
 anastomoses, if the course of a fluid be arrested 
 in one vessel, it can proceed along others. 
 
 Anastomosis Aneurismatica, Telangiectasia 
 — a, Jacobson's, see Petrosal ganglion. 
 
 ANASTOMOT'IC, Anastomot' icus, (F.) Anas- 
 tomotique. Same etymon as anastomosis. Be- 
 longing or relating to anastomosis. 
 
 ANASTOMOT'ICS, Anastomot'ica. Same ety- 
 mon. Certain medicines were formerly so called, 
 which were believed to be capable of opening tho 
 mouths of vessels, as asperients, diuretics, etc. 
 
 ANASTOMOT'ICUS MAGNUS (RAMUS), 
 (F.) Artere collaterale interne, A. collaterale du 
 coude, is a branch of the brachial artery, which 
 comes off a little above the elbow, and bestows 
 branches to the brachialis internus, to the under 
 edge of the tric«ps, and to the muscles, ligaments, 
 etc, about the elbow joint. See, also, Articular 
 arteries of the knee. 
 
 ANASTROPHE UTERI, Inversio uteri. 
 
 ANATASIS, Extension. 
 
 ANATHEMA, Tabula votiva. 
 
 ANATHERIUM MURICATUM, Andropogoa 
 muricatus. 
 
 ANATHOMIA, Anatomv. 
 
 ANATHYMIAMA, Anathymiasis. 
 
 ANATHYMI'ASIS, Anathymiama, from ava, 
 'upwards,' and Su/za, 'fumigation.' CEde'ma fu- 
 gax, CEde'ma spas'ticum, CEde'ma liyster'icum, 
 Anasar'ca hyster'icum. An uncertain and tran- 
 sient swelling or inflation, said to have been ob- 
 served at times in nervous and hysterical per- 
 sons. It also means Exhalation, Fumigation, and 
 Hypochondriasis. 
 
 ANATOLE UNGUIUM, see Nail. 
 
 ANATOME, Anatomy — a. Animata, Physio- 
 logy- 
 
 ANATOMIA, Anatomy — a. Animalis, Zootomy 
 — a. Comparata, Zootomy — a. Comparativa, Zo- 
 otomy — a. Viva, Physiology. 
 
 ANATOMIE, Anatomy — a. Chirurgicale, see 
 Anatomy — a. des Regions, see Anatomy. 
 
 ANAT'OMISM, Anatomisin'us. Same etymon 
 as Anatomy. The doctrine of those who look 
 into the arrangement of parts, to explain all the 
 phenomena of the organism. 
 
 ANAT'OMIST, Anatom'icm. One who occu- 
 pies himself with anatomy. One versed in ana- 
 tomy. 
 
 ANAT'OMY, Anat'ome, Anatom'ia,Afiathom'ia, 
 Prosec'tio, from ava, and tcjivuv, 'to cut,' (F.) 
 Anatomie. The word Anatomy properly signifies 
 dissection ; but it has been appropriated to the 
 study and knowledge of the number, shape, 
 situation, structure, and connection — in a word, 
 of all the apparent properties of organized bodies. 
 Anatomy is the science of organization. Some 
 have given the term a still more extended accep- 
 tation, applying it to every mechanical decom- 
 position, even of inorganic bodies. Thus, Crys- 
 tallography has been termed the Anatomy of 
 
ANATON 
 
 59 
 
 ANCUBITUS 
 
 crystallized minerals. Anatomy has also been 
 called MIoiyhoVogij, Somntol'ogy, Somatot'omy, 
 Organol'ogy, etc. It assumes different names, 
 according as the study is confined to one organ- 
 ized being, or to a species or class of beings. 
 Thus, Androt'omy, or Anthropot'o7ni/, or Anthro- 
 pog'ra-pTiy, or Anthi'oposomatol'ogi/, is the Ana- 
 tomy of Man; Zootomy, that of the other species 
 of the animal kingdom; and Vet'erinary Anat'- 
 omy is the anatomy of domestic animals ; but 
 when the word is used abstractly, it means Hu- 
 man Anatomy, and particularly the study of 
 the organs in a physiological or healthy state. 
 Physiolog"ical Anatomy is occasionally used to 
 signify the kind of anatomy which investigates 
 structure with a special view to function. The 
 Anatomy of the diseased human body is called 
 Patliolog"ical or Morbid Anatomy, and when ap- 
 plied to Medical Jurisprudence, Foren'sic Anat- 
 omy. Several of the organs possessing a simi- 
 larity of structure, and being formed of the same 
 tissues, they have been grouped into Systems or 
 Genera of Organs; and the study of, or acquaint- 
 ance with, such systems, has been called General 
 Anat'omy, Histol'ogy, or Morjohot'omy, whilst the 
 study of each organ in particular has been termed 
 Descriptive Anatomy, AnthropomorpJiol'ogy. His- 
 tology is, however, more frequently applied to 
 the Anatomy of the Tissues, which is called, also, 
 Tex'tural and Mici-oscop'ic Anatomy, Micrano- 
 tom'ia, see Histology. Descriptive Anatomy has 
 been divided into Skeletol'ogy, which comprises 
 Osteol'ogy and SyndesmoVogy ; and into SarcoV - 
 ogy, which is subdivided into MyoVogy, NeuroV- 
 ogy, Angiol'ogy, Adenol'ogy, Splanclinol'ogy, and 
 Hermol'ogy. Sur'gicalAnat'omy,3Iedico-G'hirurgi- 
 ealAnat'omy, Topograph' iealAnat'omy, Re'gional 
 Anat'omy, (F.) Anatomie Chirurgicnle, A. des Re- 
 gions, is the particular and relative study of the 
 bones, muscles, nerves, vessels, etc., with which 
 it is indispensable to be acquainted before per- 
 forming operations. Gompar'ative Anat'omy is 
 the comparative study of each organ, with a view 
 to an acquaintance with the modifications of its 
 structure in different animals or in the different 
 classes of animals. Transcendent' al or Philosoph' - 
 ical Anatomy inquires into the mode, plan, or 
 model upon which the animal frame or organs 
 are formed; and Artifcial Anat'oiny is the° art 
 of modelling and representing, in wax or other 
 substance, the different organs or different parts 
 of the human body, in the sound or diseased state. 
 Phytot'omy is the anatomy of vegetables, and 
 Picto'rial Anatomy, anatomy artistically illus- 
 trated. 
 
 Anatomy, see Skeleton — a. Artificial, see Ana- 
 tomy—a. Comparative, see Anatomy, Zootomy — 
 a. Descriptive, see Anatomy — a. Forensic, see 
 Anatomy — a. General, see Anatomy — a. Human, 
 see Anatomy — a. of Man, see Anatomy— a. Me- 
 dico-Chirurgical, see Anatomy— a. Microscopic, 
 see Anatomy — a. Morbid, see Anatomy — a. Path- 
 ological, see Anatomy — a. Pathological, micros- 
 copic, see Histology— a. Philosophical, see Ana- 
 tomy—a. Physiological, see Anatomy — a. Picto- 
 rial, see Anatomy — a. Practical, see Dissection — 
 a. Regional, see Anatomy — a. Surgical, see Ana- 
 tomy — a. Textural, see Anatomy — a. Topogra- 
 phical, see Anatomy — a. Transcendental, "see 
 Anatomy — a. Veterinary, see Anatomy. 
 
 ANATON, Soda. 
 
 ANATREPSIS, Restauratio. 
 
 ANATRESIS, Perforation, Trepanning. 
 
 ANATRIBE, Friction. 
 
 ANATRIPSrS, Friction. 
 
 ANATRIPSOL'OGY, Anatripsolog"ia, Ana- 
 triptolog" ia, from avar^n^is, 'friction,' and \oyoi, 
 
 'a discourse. 
 medy. 
 
 A treatise on friction as a re- 
 
 ANATRIPTOLOGIA, Anatripsology. 
 
 ANATRO.N,_Natrum, Soda. 
 
 ANAT'ROPE, from ava, 'upwards,' and Tpfjra, 
 'I turn.' Subversion. A turning or subver- 
 sion or inverted action of the stomach, charac- 
 terized by nausea, vomiting, etc. — Galen. We 
 still speak of the stomach turning against any 
 thing. 
 
 ANAUDIA, Catalepsy, Mutitas. 
 
 ANAXYRIS, Rumex acetosa. 
 
 ANAZESIS, Ebullition. 
 
 ANAZOTURIA, see Urine. 
 
 ANCHA, Haunch. 
 
 ANCHILOPS, ^gilops. 
 
 ANCHONE, Angone. 
 
 ANCHORALIS PROCESSUS, Coracoid. 
 
 ANCHUSA ANGUSTIPOLIA, A. Ofiicinalis 
 — a. Incarnata, A. Officinalis — a. Lycopsoides, A. 
 Officinalis. 
 
 Anchu'sa Officinalis, A. Angnstifo'Ka seu 
 Tncarna'ta seu LycopsoV des, Alca'na, Lingua 
 Bovis, Buglos'sum sylves'tre, Offio"inal or Garden 
 Al'kanet or Pugloss, (Old Eng.) Langdehef; Ord. 
 Boraginete. ^e,r. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. 
 (F.) Buglose. A native of Great Britain. The 
 herb was formerly esteemed as a cordial in me- 
 lancholia and hypochondriasis; but it is now 
 rarely used. It is also called Bvglos'sa, Btiglos'- 
 srim angustifo'lium majus, £. vulga're majus, B, 
 sati'vum. 
 
 Anchd'sa Tincto'ria, Alcan'na spn'ria, Byer'a 
 Bitgloss, Ane'hium, Buglos'sum Tincto'rnm, Li- 
 thosper'mtim villo'sum, Dyer's Al'kanet, (P.) Or- 
 canette. A European plant. The medical pro- 
 perties are equivocal. It is used to give a beau- 
 tiful red colour to ointments. 
 
 ANCHYLOSIS, Ankylosis. 
 
 ANCISTRON, Hamulus. 
 
 ANCLE, Astragalus, Malleolus. 
 
 ANGLER, Malleolus. 
 
 ANCLET. Malleolus. 
 
 ANCLIFF, Malleolus. 
 
 ANCLOWE, Malleolus. 
 
 ANCOLIE, Aquilegia vulgaris. 
 
 ANCON, Elbow, Olecranon. 
 
 ANCONAD, see Anconal Aspect. 
 
 ANCONAGRA, Pechyagra. 
 _ ANCO'NAL, from ayKwv, 'the elbow.' Rela- 
 ting, or appertaining to the elbow or the olecranon. 
 
 Anconal Aspect. An aspect towards the side 
 on which the ancon or elbow is situated. — Bar- 
 clay.^ Anco'nad is used by the same writer ad- 
 verbially, to signify 'towards the anconal aspect.' 
 
 ANCONE, Anconeus. 
 
 ANCONE'US, from ayK^i^v, 'the elbow.' A term 
 once applied to every muscle attached to the ole- 
 cranon. Winslow distinguished four — the great, 
 external, internal, and small; the first three being 
 portions of the same muscle, the triceps hrachia- 
 lis. The last has, alone, retained the name. It 
 is the Aneone'ns minor of Winslow, the Ancone'us 
 seu Cuhita'lis Riola'ni of Douglas, the Epicon- 
 dylo-Cuhita'lis of Chaussier, the Brevis Ga'biti, 
 (F.) Ancone, and is situate at the upper and back 
 part of the fore-arm. It arises from the external 
 condyle of the os humeri, and is inserted into 
 the posterior edge of the upper third of the ulna. 
 Its use is to aid in the extension of the fore-arm. 
 
 Anconeus Externus, see Triceps extensor 
 cubiti — a. Internus, see Triceps extensor cubiti 
 — a. Major, see Triceps extensor cubiti. 
 
 ANCTE'RES. Fihulcn or Glasps by which 
 the lips of wounds were formerly kept together. 
 — Celsus, Galen. 
 
 ANCTERIASMUS, Infibulation. 
 
 ANCU'BITUS, Petrifac'tio. An affection of 
 the eye, in which there is a sensation as if sand 
 were irritating the organ. 
 
ANCUNNUENT.E 
 
 •6 
 
 ANEMONE DES BOIS 
 
 ANCUNXUEX'T^. A name formerly given 
 to menstruating females. 
 
 ANGUS, Anhus, from ay/cuv, 'the elbow.' One 
 who cannot extend his arms completely. 
 
 Also, the deformity resulting from a luxation 
 of the humerus or fore-arm.— Hippocrates. 
 
 ANCYLE. Ankylosis. 
 
 AXCYLOBLEPHAROX, Ankyloblepharon. 
 
 AXCTLOCHEILIA, AnkylocheUia. 
 
 ANCYLOCOLPUS, Colpatresia. 
 
 ANCYLOOORE, Ankylocore. 
 
 AiSrCYLODERE, Torticollis. 
 
 ANCYLODERIS, Torticollis. 
 
 A^^CYLODONTIA, Ankylodontia. 
 
 ANCYLOGLOSSIA, Ankyloglossia. 
 
 AXCYLOMELE, Ankylomele. 
 
 ANCYLOMERISMUS, Ankylomerismus, 
 
 ANCYLORRHIXIA, Ankylorrhinia. 
 
 AXCYLOSIS, Ankylosis. 
 
 ANCYLOTIA, Ankylotia. 
 
 ANCYLOTOMUS, Ankylotomus. 
 
 AXCYRA. Hook. 
 
 ANCYROID CAVITY, Digitd cavity. 
 
 AXCYROIDES PROCESSUS, Coracoid. 
 
 AXD, Breath. 
 
 ANDA. Native name of a tree of Brazil — 
 Anda Gome'sii seu Brasilien'sis sen de Phon, 
 Andassu, Anda-aqu, Joanne'sia prvicejjs. Ord. 
 Euphorbiacese. Sex. Synt. Moncecia Monadel- 
 phia. An oil — Oil of Anda — is obtained from 
 the seeds by pressure, 60 to 60 drops of which 
 act as a cathartic. The fruit is an oval nut, 
 containing two seeds. These have the taste of 
 the chestnut; but are strongly cathartic, and 
 even emetic. The shell is astringent, and is 
 used as such in diarrhoea, etc. 
 
 ANDE, Breath. 
 
 ANDELY, MINERAL T^ATERS OF. An- 
 dely is in France, near Gysore, and eight leagues 
 from Rouen. The water is cold, and a weak cha- 
 lybeate. It is used in chlorosis and abdominal 
 obstructions. 
 
 ANDERSON'S PILLS, see Pilulse Aloes et 
 Jalapae. 
 
 ANDIRA IBAI, Geoffraea Vermifuga— a. In- 
 crmis, Geoffraea inermis — a. Racemosa, Geoffreea 
 inermis — a. Surinamensis, Geoffreea Surinamen- 
 sis. 
 
 ANDRACHAHARA, Sempervivum tectorum. 
 
 ANDRACHNE, Arbutus unedo, Portulaca. 
 
 ANDRALOGOMELE, from awp, avSi^og, 'a 
 man,' a, priv., \uyo;, 'reason.' and jxrjXov, 'a do- 
 mestic animal.' A name given by 3Ialacarne to 
 a monster in which he supposed the presence of 
 the body of a man with the limbs of a brute. 
 
 ANDRANATOM'IA, Andranat'ome, Andro- 
 tom'ia, Androt'ome, Aiithropot'omy, from avrjp, 
 genitive avRpos, 'a man,' and tcjivuv, 'to cut.' 
 The anatomy of man. 
 
 ANDRI'A. Adult age. Manhood. 
 
 Axdri'a Mu'lier, Mulier HermaphrodW ica. 
 A female hermaphrodite. 
 
 ANDROGEN'IA, from avrip, avSpo;, ' a man,' and 
 ytriais, 'generation.' The procreation of males. 
 — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANDROG"YNUS, from av^o, av'opog, 'a man,' 
 and yi'vr], 'a woman.' A hermapjhrodite. An 
 effeminate person. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANDROLEPSIA, Conception. 
 
 ANDROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 ANDROM'EDA ARBO'REA, Sorrel Tre-e, 
 Sour Tree, Sour Wood, Elk Tree, Elk Wood, 
 Sorrel Wood, Sour Leaf , (F.) Andromede, Andro- 
 medier. A small indigenous tree ; Ord. Erica- 
 ceae, Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia; found in 
 the Alleghany mountains and the hills and val- 
 leys diverging from them, as far as the fouthern 
 limits of Georgia and Alabama; but seldom north 
 of Virginia. The sour leaves are refrigerent and 
 
 astringent, and have been used to make a kind 
 of lemonade, which has been given in fevers. 
 
 Aedromeda Maria'na, Broad-leaved Moor- 
 toort, Kill-lamh, Lamb Killer, Staffffrbueh. A 
 decoction of this American plant is said to have 
 been successfully employed as a wash, in a dis- 
 agreeable affection — not uncommon amongst the 
 slaves in the southern parts of the United States 
 — called the Toe Itch, and Ground Itch. — Barton. 
 
 Andromeda Nit'ida, Sourwood, Sorrel tree, 
 indigenous ; has properties similar to those of 
 A. arborea. 
 
 ANDROPOGON BICORNIS, Junetus odoratus 
 — a. Calamus aromatieus, see Oleum graminis In- 
 dici — a. Citratus, Junetus odoratus — a. Citriodo- 
 rus, Junetus odoratus, Nardus Indica. 
 
 Axdropo'gon Mueica'tus, {avnp, avopos, 'a 
 man,' and Truiyuiv, 'a beard.') A. squarro'sus, 
 Phal'aris zizano'i'des, Agros'tis verticilla'ta, Ana- 
 the'rum. murica'tum, Yetive'ria odora'ta, Yiftie- 
 vayr, Cuscus, Khus-Khus ; Nat. Ord. Gramineae. 
 The root of this plant, from Bombay, is aromatic 
 and bitterish. It is used as a perfume. It has 
 been used as an excitant and diaphoretic. 
 
 AxDROPOGON Nardus, Calamus Alexandrinus, 
 Nardus Indica — a. Schcenanthus, Junetus odora- 
 tus — a. Squarrosus, A. Muricatus. 
 
 ANDROSACE, Umbilicus marinus— a. Mat- 
 thioli, Umbilicus marinus. 
 
 ANDROSiEMUM, Hypericum perforatum. 
 
 ANDROTOMY, Andranatomia. 
 
 ANDRUM. An East India word, latinized 
 by Ka3mpfer, signifying a kind of elephantiasis 
 of the scrotum, endemic in southern Asia. 
 
 ANEANTISSE3IEXT (F.), Yir'ium e.rtinc'- 
 tio. This word is often employed hyperbolically, 
 by patients in France, to signify excessive fatigue, 
 debility or syncope. 
 
 ANEBIUM, Anchusa tinctoria. 
 
 ANEBUS, Impuber. 
 
 ANECPYE'TUS, from av, for nvtv, 'without,' 
 and TTDEu, 'I promote suppuration.' That which 
 does not suppurate, or is not likely to suppurate. 
 
 ANEGER,'TICA, from avzyziohi (ava and zyeipoi), 
 'I awaken.' The art of resuscitating the appa- 
 rently dead. 
 
 ANEILE'MA, Aneile'sia, from avu\ca [ava and 
 ti\c(ji), 'I roll up.' Applied particularly to the 
 motion of air in the intestines and the tormina 
 accompanying it. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANEILESIS, Aneilema. 
 
 ANEMIA, Anosmia. 
 
 ANEMO'NE, Wind Floicer : from avcfiog, 'the 
 wind,' because it does not open its flowers until 
 blown upon by the wind. 
 
 ANEMONE DES BOIS, Anemone nemorosa. 
 
 Anemone Collina, A. Pulsatilla — a. Hepatica, 
 Hepatica triloba — a. Intermedia, A. Pulsatilla. 
 
 Anemone Ludoticiana, A. patens. 
 
 Anemo'ne Nemoro'sa, Ranun'culus alhus seu 
 nemero'sus. Wood Anemo'ny, (F.) Anemone des 
 hois. Orrf. Ranunculaceas. The herb and flowers 
 are poisonous, acrid, and corrosive. They have 
 been used as rubefacients. 
 
 Anemo'ne Patens, A. Ludovicia'na, PuhatiV- 
 la patens : indigenous: from Illinois and "Wis- 
 consin to the Rocky Mountains, is supposed to 
 possess similar properties. 
 
 Anemo'ne Praten'sis, A. Sylves'tria, Pulsatil'- 
 la ni' gricans seu praten'sis. This plant has si- 
 milar properties with the last It is also called 
 Meadow Anemony, (F.) Pulsatille noire, P. des 
 pres. 
 
 Anemo'ne Pulsatil'la, A. CoUi'na seu Inter- 
 me'dia seu Praten'sis seu Rubra, Pulsatil'la 
 vulgaris, Merba ventis, Nola culina'ria, Pasque 
 flower, (F.) Coquelourde, possesses like properties. 
 
 Anemone Rubra, A. Pratensis— a. Rue-leaved, 
 
ANEMONY 
 
 61 
 
 ANEURISM 
 
 Thalictrum anemonoides — a. Sylvestris, A. Pra- 
 teusis. 
 
 AXEMONY, Anemone hepatiea — a. Meadow, 
 Anemone pratensis — a.Wood, Anemone nemorosa. 
 
 ANEMOS, Wind. 
 
 ANENCEPHALIA, see Anencephalus. 
 
 A>;ENCEPHAL0H^'MIA, from av, privative, 
 eYKt(pci^os, ' encephalon,' and a(//a, ' blood.' De- 
 fect of blood in the brain. Syncope. 
 
 ANEXCEPHALONEU'RIA, AneneepJi-alo- 
 ner'via, from av, priv., cyKe(pa>iOs, 'encephalon,' 
 and vevpov, 'nerve.' Want of nervous action in 
 the encephalon. 
 
 AXEXCEPHALOTROPH'IA, from av, priva- 
 tive, cyKz<pa\os, ' the encephalon,' and rpofri, 'nou- 
 rishment.' Atrophy of the encephalon. 
 
 ANEXCEPH'ALUS, from av, privative, and 
 tyKe<ia\o;, 'brain.' A monster devoid of brain. 
 — Bonetus, G. St, Hilaire. Also, one that has a 
 part onlj' of the brain ; — Paraceph'ahis. The con- 
 dition has been called AnencephaV ia. A weak, 
 sillv person. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANEXERGESIA, Debility. 
 
 AXEXERGIA, Debility. 
 
 ANEXTJERONERVIE SATURNINE, see 
 Palsv, lead. 
 
 ANEPISCHESIS, Incontinentia. 
 
 AXEPITHYM'IA, from av, priv., and t-i^vixia, 
 'desire.' Many nosologists have used this word 
 for a loss of the appetites, as of those of hunger, 
 thirst, venery, &c. 
 
 Anepithymia Chlorosis. Chlorosis. 
 
 AXER, avrio, genitive av^poj. A man. 
 
 AXERETHIS'IA, Inirntabil'itas, from av, 
 priT., and £p£6((7ij, ' in'itability.' Defect of irrita- 
 bility. — Swediaur. 
 
 ANER VIS.MIE, Paralysis. 
 
 AXERYTHROP'SIA, from av, priv., tpv^oog, 
 'red,' and ot^tf, 'vision.' Defective vision, which 
 consists in an incapability of distinguishing red. 
 
 AXESIS, Remission. 
 
 ANESTHESIE, Anjesthesia. 
 
 ANESTEESIE EXTATIQUE. The aggre- 
 gate of phenomena of impaired feeling produced 
 especially by the manipulations of the animal 
 magnetizer. — Andral. 
 
 ANESTHETIC, Ansesthetic. 
 
 ANESTHESIQTJE, Anesthetic. 
 
 ANESTHETIZATIOX, Anesthetization. 
 
 ANESOX, Anethum. 
 
 ANESUM, Pimpinella anisum. 
 
 AXET. Anethum. 
 
 ANETH, Anethum graveolens. 
 
 AXE'THUM, Aiie'son, Ane'ton, Ane'tJium Fce- 
 nic'ulum seu Sege'tum seu Piperi'tum, Foenic'u- 
 lum, F. Dulce seu Officinale seu vulga're, Ligus'- 
 tieum foenic' alum, Fan'eulum, Fennel or Finckle, 
 Mar' aihrtim, Anet, Sweet Fennel, (Prov.) Spingel, 
 (F.) Fenouil ou Aniis dotix. Orel. Umbelliferse. 
 Sex. St/St. Pentandria Digynia. The fruit, Foe- 
 iiic'uluM (Ph.TJ. S.), has an aromatic odour, and 
 v/arm, sweetish taste. It is carminative. The oil 
 — Oleum Fctnic'uU — is ofl&cinal in the Ph. U. S. 
 The root is said to be pectoral and diuretic. 
 
 Anethum Fceniculum, Anethum. 
 
 Anethum Graveolens, Anethum, A. horten'se, 
 Pastina' ca Anethum seu Graveolens, Fer'ula Gra- 
 veolens, Dill, (F.) Aneth, Fenouil puant. A na- 
 tive of the south of Europe. The seeds are sti- 
 mulant and carminative. A distilled water — 
 Aqua ane'thi. Dill-water — is officinal in the Lon- 
 don and Edinburgh Pharmacopoeias. Dose, gr. 
 XV to 3J. 
 
 Oleum Ane'thi, Oil of Dill, (F.) Huile d' Aneth, 
 possesses the carminative properties of the plant. 
 Anethum Pastinaca, Pastinaca Sativa — a. 
 Pineritura, Anethum — a. Segetum, Anethum. 
 AXETICUS, Anodyne- 
 
 AXETOX, Anethum. 
 
 AXETUS, Intermittent fever — a. Quartanus, 
 Quartan — a. Quotidianus, Quotidian — a. Tertia- 
 nus, Tertian fever. 
 
 AXEURAL'GICOX, from a, privative, vtv^ov, 
 'nerve,' and aXyog, 'pain.' A name given by Dr. 
 C. T. Downing to an instrument used by him to 
 allay pain in nerves. It is a kind of fumigating 
 apparatus, in which dried narcotic and other 
 herbs are burnt, the heated vapour being directed 
 to any part of the body. 
 
 AXEURIA, Paralysis. 
 
 A'i^'^ViYA'Si^i, Aneurys' ma.yAneurys'mus, Anen- 
 ris'ma, Cedma, from avsvpvveiv, [ava, and cvpvveiv,) 
 ' to dilate or distend.' Dilata'tio Arteria'rum, 
 Ecta'sta, Emborys'ma, Exangi'a aneuris'ma, Ar- 
 terieurys'ma, Artereurys'ma, Ecematoce'le arte~ 
 rio'sa, Absces'sus spirituo'sus, Arteriec'tasis, (F.) 
 Anevrysme, Aneurisme. Properly, Aneurism sig- 
 nifies a tumour, produced by the dilatation of an 
 artery ; but it has been extended to various lesions 
 of arteries, a,s well as to dilatations of the heart. 
 
 There are various kinds of aneurism. The fol- 
 lowing are the chief: 
 
 I. When the blood, which forms the tumour, is 
 enclosed within the dilated coats of the artery. 
 This is the true Aneurism, Aneurys'ma verum, 
 Hernia Arteria'rum, (F.) Anevrysme vrai. 
 
 II. When the blood has escaped from the 
 opened artery, it is called spurious or false 
 Aneurism, Aneuris'ma spu'rium, Ruptu'ra Arte'- 
 ricB, Arteriorrhex'is, Arteriodial'ysis, Ecchymo'- 
 nia arterio'snm, (F.) Anevrysme faux. The latter 
 is divided into three varieties : 
 
 1. Diffused False Aneurism, (F.) Anevrysme 
 faux, prim itif, diffus, 7ioncirconserit ou piar infil- 
 tration, which occurs immediately after the divi- 
 sion or rupture of an artery, and consists of an 
 extravasation of blood into the areolar texture 
 of the part. 
 
 2. Circumscrihed False Aneurism, (P.) Anev- 
 rysme faux consecutif circonscrit ou par e2yanche- 
 ment, enkyste on sacciforme, tumeur hemorrhagiale 
 circonscrite, in which the blood issues from the 
 vessel some time after the receipt of the wound, 
 
 i and forms it-self a sac in the neighbouring areolar 
 membrane. 
 
 3. An' eurism by Anaatomo'sis, Var'icose or Cir- 
 eoid An'eurism, PhlebarteriodiaV ysis, Aneurys'- 
 ma veno' so-arterio' sum, A. varico' sum, (F. ) Anev- 
 rysme par anastomose ou variqueux, A. par ero- 
 sion, A. de Pott, A. des plus petites arteres, which 
 
 I arises from the simultaneous wounding of an ar- 
 tery and vein; — the arterial blood passing into 
 the vein, and producing a varicose state of it. 
 
 III. JIixED Aneurism, {'¥.) Anevrysme rnixte,\a 
 that which arises from the dilatation of one or two 
 of the coats, with division or rupture of the other. 
 Some authors have made two varieties of this : 
 
 1. Mixed external Aneurism, where the internal 
 and middle coats are ruptured, and the areolar is 
 dilated. 
 
 2. Mixed internal Aneurism, in which the inter- 
 nal coat is dilated, and protrudes, like a hernial 
 sac, through the ruptured middle and outer coats. 
 This variety has been called Aneurys' ma Her' niam 
 Arte'ria sistens. 
 
 Aneurisms have been termed traumat'ic or ex- 
 oq" enous, and spjonta' neons, according as they may 
 have been caused by a wound, or have originated 
 spontaneously. The latter, when originating froin 
 lesions of the inner coats of arteries, have been 
 termed endog" enous. They have also been di- 
 vided into internal and external. 
 
 The internal aneurisms are situate in the great 
 splanchnic cavities, and occur in the heart and 
 great vessels of the chest, abdomen, &c. Their 
 diagnosis is difficult, and they are often inacces- 
 sible to surgical treatment. 
 
ANEURISMA 
 
 62 
 
 ANGEIOPLANIA 
 
 The external aneurisms are situate at the exte- 
 rior of the headj neck, and limbs, and are dis- 
 tinctly pulsatory. 
 
 Aneurisms, especially the internal, may be 
 combated by a debilitant treatment, on the plan 
 of Valsalva, which consists in repeated blood- 
 letting, with food enough merely to support life. 
 In external aneurism, the artery can be oblite- 
 rated. This is usually done by applying a liga- 
 ture above the aneurismal tumour. 
 
 Aneurism, Dissecting, is one in which, owing 
 to rupture of the inner and middle coats of an 
 artery, the blood makes itself a channel between 
 these coats and the outer coat. 
 
 In many cases, the lesion appears to consist in 
 a separation of the laminae of the middle coat, 
 between which the blood forms itself a channel. 
 
 Anedeisjis of the Heart, Cardion'cM, Car- 
 dieurys'ma, (F.) Anevrysmes du cceur, have been 
 divided into active and passive. The former can 
 scarcely be esteemed aneurisms, as they most 
 commonly consist of increased thickness of the 
 parietes of the heart, which diminishes its cavity 
 instead of increasing it. The term Hy2:iertrophy 
 of the heart better indicates their character. 
 Passive aneurism, Cardiec'tasis, on the contrary, 
 is attended with extenuation of the parietes of 
 the organ, and enlargement of the cavities. The 
 physical signs of dilatation, of the heart are the 
 following : — The action of the heart is not visible, 
 and no impulse is conveyed to the hand. On 
 percussion, there is a loss of resonance over a 
 larger surface than usual, but the dulness is much 
 less intense than that which accompanies hyper- 
 trophy. On auscultation, the action of the heart 
 is only slightly felt, and communicates at once 
 the impression of its diminished power. The im- 
 pulse is feebler than usual. Both sounds are widely 
 transmitted over the thorax, and are not much 
 fainter at a distance from their point of origin. 
 
 Partial or true aneurism of the Heart — C'a7-di- 
 ec'tasis partia'lis, Aneurys'ma conseeuti'vum cor- 
 dis — is sometimes seen ; rarely, however. 
 
 The name Aneurism of the Valves of the Heart 
 has been given to pouch-like projections of the 
 valves into the auricles. 
 
 Aneurism by Anastomosis, see Aneurism — 
 a. Brasdor's operation for, see Brasdor — a. 
 Circoid, see Aneurism — a. Endogenous, see 
 Aneurism, and Endogenous — a. Exogenous, 
 see Aneurism, and Exogenous — a. External, 
 see Aneurism — a. False, see Aneurism — a. 
 False, circumscribed, see Aneurism — a. False, 
 diffused, see Aneurism — a. Internal, see Aneurism 
 — a. Mixed, see Aneurism — a. Mixed, external, 
 see Aneurism — a. Mixed, internal, see Aneurism 
 — a. Spontaneous, sec Aneurism — a. Spurious, see 
 Aneurism — a. Traumatic, see Aneurism — a. True, 
 gee Aneurism — a. Valsalva's method of treating, 
 see Aneurism — a. Varicose, see Aneurism. 
 
 ANEURISMA, Aneurism. 
 
 ANEURIS'MAL, Aneurys'mal, Aneurismat'ic, 
 Aneurysmat' icus, Aneurisma'lis. That which be- 
 longs to Aneurism. 
 
 Aneurismal Sac or Cyst, (F.) Sac ou Kyste 
 anevrysnial, is a sort of pouch, formed by the 
 dilatation of the coats of an artery, in which the 
 blood, forming the aneurismal tumour, is con- 
 tained. 
 
 ANEURISMATIC, Aneurismal. 
 
 ANEURYSM, Aneurism. 
 
 ANEURYSMA, Aneurism — a. Cordis activum. 
 Heart, hypertrophy of the — a. Herniam arteri£e 
 sistens, see Aneurism — a. Spurium, see Aneurism 
 — a. Varicosum, see Aneurism — a. Venoso-arte- 
 riosum, see Aneurism — a. Verum, see Aneurism. 
 
 ANEUR YSJIE, Aneurism. 
 
 ANEURYSMUS, Aneurism, Dilatation. 
 
 ANEVRIA, Paralysis. 
 
 ANEVRYSME, Aneurism — n. de I'Aorte, 
 Aorteurysma — a. de Pott, see Aneurism — a. des 
 plus petites Arteres, see Aneurism — a. Girconscrit, 
 see Aneurism — or. Diffus, see Aneurism— a. En- 
 kyste, see Aneurism — a. Faux, see Aneurism — 
 a. Faux consecutif, see Aneurism — a. Mixte, see 
 Aneurism — a. par Anastomose, see Aneurism — a. 
 piar Epanchement, see Aneurism — a. par Erosion, 
 see Aneurism — a. par Infiltration, see Aneurism 
 — a. Primitif, see Aneurism — a. Saeciforme, see 
 Aneurism — a. Variqueux, see Aneurism — a. Vrai, 
 see Aneurism. 
 
 ANEYS, see Pimpinella anisum. 
 
 ANFION, Maslach. ^ , 
 
 ANFRAGTUOSITES CEREBRALES, An- 
 fractuosities, cerebral — a. Ethmo'idales, see An- 
 fractuosity. 
 
 ANFRACTUOS'ITY, Anfrac'tus, Sulcus, from 
 am, 'around,' andfrangere,fraetum, 'to break.' 
 A groove or furrow. Used in anatomy to signify 
 sinuous depressions or sulci, of greater or less 
 depth, like those which separate the convolutions 
 of the brain from each other. These ■ 
 
 Anfractuosities, Cerebral, An/rac'(iis Cer'- 
 ebri, (F.) Anfractuosiies Cerebrales, are always 
 narrow, and deeper at the upper surface of the 
 brain than at its base ; and are lined by a pro- 
 longation of the pia mater. 
 
 The Ethmoid Cells are, sometimes, called An- 
 fractuosites ethmo'idales. 
 
 ANFRACTUS, Anfractuosity— a. Cerebri, An- 
 fractuosities, (cerebral.) 
 
 ANGECTASIA, Angiectasis. 
 
 ANGEIAL, Vascular. 
 
 ANGEIECTASIA, Angiectasis. 
 
 ANGEIECTASIS, Angiectasis. 
 
 ANGEIECTOMA, Angiectasis. 
 
 ANGEIOG'RAPHY, Amjioy'rajihy, Angeio- 
 graph'ia, from ayyeiov, ' a vessel,' and Ypa<pri, ' a 
 description.' The anatomy of the vessels. 
 
 ANGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY, Angiohydrog'- 
 raphy, Angeiondrog'rapjhy, Angeiohydrogro.'phin, 
 Hydrangiograph' ia,{Tom ayyetov, 'a vessel,' 'vSiap, 
 'water,' and ypatpu), 'I describe.' A treatise on 
 the lymphatics. 
 
 ANGEIOHYDROT'OMY, Angiohydrot'omy, 
 Angeiondrot'omy, Angeiohydrctom'ia, Hydran- 
 giotom'ia, from ayyuov, 'a vessel,' 'v&oip, 'water,' 
 and Ttpvtiv, ' to cut.' Dissection of the lymphatics. 
 
 ANGEIOLEUCI'TIS, Angioleuci'tis, ' Angio- 
 lymphi'tis, Lymphange'i'tis, Lymphangi'tis, Lym- 
 phangio'i'tis, Hydrangei'tis, Lymphi'tis, Lympha- 
 ti'tis, Inflamma'tio vaso'rum lymjjhatico'rum , from 
 ayyetov, ' a vessel,' Aeukoj, ' white,' and itis, inflam- 
 mation. (F.j Inflammation des vaisseaitx lympha- 
 tiques ou des tissus blancs. Inflammation of the 
 lymphatics ; lymphatic or scrofulous inflamma- 
 tion. 
 
 ANGEIOL'OGY, Angiol'ogy, Angeiolog"ia, 
 from ayytiov, 'a vessel,' and \oyog, 'a discourse.' 
 A discourse on the vessels. The anatomy of the 
 vessels. It includes Arteriol'ogy, Phlebol'ogy, 
 and Angeiohydrol'ogy. 
 
 ANGEIOMALA'CIA, Angiomala'cia, from 
 ayyetov, ' a vessel,' and /xa^aKta, ' softening.' Mol- 
 lescence or softening of vessels. 
 
 ANGEIOMYCES, Haematodes fungus. 
 
 ANGEION, Vessel. 
 
 ANGEIONDROGRAPHY, Angeiohydrogra- 
 phy. 
 
 ANGEIONDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomy. 
 
 ANGEIONOSUS, Angeiopathia. 
 
 ANGEIONUSUS, Angeiopathia. 
 
 ANGEIOPATHI'A, Angiopathi' a, Angeion'- 
 osus, Angeionu'sus, Angio'sis, from ayyetov, ' a 
 vessel,' and irados, 'a disease.' Disease of the 
 vessels. 
 
 ANGEIO'PLA''NIA, Angiopla'nia,fTomayyciov, 
 
ANGEIOPLEROSIS 
 
 63 
 
 ANGINA 
 
 ' a vessel,' and irXavj?, ' error.' Anomaly in the 
 structure and distribution of vessels. 
 ANGEIOPLEROSIS, Plethora. 
 ANGEIOPYRA, Synocha. 
 ANGEIORRHAGIA, Hsmorrhagia activa. 
 ANGEIORRHCE'A, Angiorrhce'a, (F.) An- 
 geiorrhee ; from ayyi-iov, 'a, vessel/ and ptoi, 'I 
 flow.' Passive hemorrhage. 
 ANGEIOSIS, Angiosis. 
 ANGEIOSTBGNOSIS, Angiemphrasis. 
 ANGEIOSTENOSIS, Angiemphrasis. 
 ANGEIOSTEO'SIS, Angiosto'ais from ayytiov, 
 'a vessel/ and oarewais, 'ossification.' Ossifica- 
 ' lion of vessels. 
 
 ANGEIOSTROPHE, see Torsion. 
 ANGEIOTELECTASIA, Telangiectasia. 
 ANGEIOT'OMT, Angiot'omy, Angeiotom'ia, 
 from ayytiov, ' a vessel/ and Ttjivuv, ' to cut.' 
 Dissection of vessels. 
 
 ANGEI'TIS, Angi'i'tia, Angioi'tis, Inflamma'- 
 tio vaso'rmn, (F.) Angeite, from ayyuov, 'a vessel/ 
 and iti8, denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
 of vessels in general. 
 
 ANGEL-BREAD. A kind of purgative cake, 
 formerly made of spurge, ginger, flour and oat- 
 meal. — Halliwell. 
 
 ANGELIC ROOT, Angelica lucida. 
 ANGEL'ICA, Angel'iea Archangel' ica sen 
 Hispa'na seu Sati'va, Archangel' ica officina'lis, 
 Garden Angelica, (F.) Angelique, Racine de Saint 
 Esprit. So called from its supposed angelic vir- 
 tues. Ord. Umbelliferse. Sex. Syst. Pentandria 
 Digynia. Native of Lapland. The roots, stalk, 
 leaves, and seed, are aromatic and carminative. 
 A sweetmeat is made of the root, which is 
 agreeable. 
 Angelica Archangelica, Angelica. 
 Angelica Ateopurpu'eea, Angelica (Ph. 
 TJ. S.), Blasterioort. An indigenous species, grow- 
 ing over the whole United States, and admitted 
 into the secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of 
 the United States. Virtues, same as those of 
 the Angelica of Europe. 
 
 Angelica Levisticum, Ligusticum levisticum. 
 Angelica Lu'cida, Angel'ic root, Bellyache 
 root, Nendo, White root, an indigenous plant, the 
 root of which is bitterish, subacrid, fragrant, 
 aromatic, stomachic, and tonic. Also, Ligusticum 
 actseifolium. 
 Angelica Nendo, Ligusticum actseifolium. 
 Angelica Officinalis, Imperatoria — a. Palu- 
 dapifolia, Ligusticum levisticum — a. Sativa, An- 
 gelica, A. sylvestris. 
 
 Angelica Sylves'tris, A. sati'va, Sdi'mim 
 Sylves'tre seu Angel'iea seu Pubes'cens, Iinpera- 
 to'ria Sylves'tris seu Angelica, Wild Angel'iea, 
 (F.) Angelique sauvage. Possesses similar pro- 
 perties to the last, but in an inferior degree. The 
 seeds, powdered and put into the hair, are used 
 to destroy lice. Also, Ligusticum podagraria. 
 Angelica Tree, Aralia spinosa. 
 ANGELI'N^ CORTEX. The bark of a 
 Grenada tree, which has been recommended as 
 anthelmintic and cathartic. 
 
 ANGELIQUE, Angelica. — a. Sauvage, Angel- 
 ica sylvestris. 
 
 ANGELOCACOS, Myrobalanus. 
 
 ANGEMPHRAXIS, Angiemphraxis. 
 
 ANGIAIRHYDRIE, Asphyxia by submer- 
 sion. ^ 
 
 ANGIARHEMIE, Heemoptysis. 
 
 ANGTARRHAGIE. Hsemoptysis. 
 
 ANGIBROMELMINTHIE, Worms (intes- 
 tinal). 
 
 ANGICHOLOLITHE, Calculi, biliary. 
 
 ANGIDIECTASIA, Trichangiectasia. 
 
 ANGIDIOSPONGUS, Htematodes fungus. 
 
 ANGIECTASIA VENOSA, Varix. 
 ANGIEC'TASIS, Angeiecta'sia, Angecta'sia, 
 Angieurys'ma, Angeiecto'ma, Angiodias'tasis, from 
 ayyuov, ' a vessel,' and t/cruo-i?, ' dilatation.' Dila- 
 tation of vessels. — Grafe and Alibert. See 
 Telangiectasia. 
 
 ANGIEMPHRAX'IS, Angemphrax'is, Angei- 
 oateno'sis, Angeiostegno' sis, from ayyciov, ' a ves- 
 sel,' and s/x^pa^ij, ' obstruction.' Obstruction of 
 vessels. 
 
 ANGIEURTSMA, Angiectasis. 
 ANGIITE, Inflammation, Angeitis. 
 ANGIITIS, Angeitis. 
 
 ANGI'NA, Fehris Angino' sa, lethmi'tis, Quin- 
 sy or Sore Throat; from angere, 'to choke.' 
 Inflammation of the supra-diaphragmatic portion 
 of the alimentary canal, and of the air passages. 
 The Latin writers applied the term to every dis- 
 ease in which deglutition or respiration, sepa- 
 rately or united, was affected, provided that such 
 affection was above the stomach and lungs. — 
 Boerhave speaks of the angina of the moribund, 
 which is nothing more than the dysphagia or 
 difBcult deglutition preceding death. See Cy- 
 nanche. 
 
 Angina Aphthosa, Aphthae — a. Aquosa, (Ede- 
 ma of the glottis — a. Bronchialis, Bronchitis — a. 
 Canina, Cynanche trachealis — a. Cordis, Angina 
 pectoris — a. cum Tumoxe, Cynanche tonsillaris — 
 a. Epidemica, Cynanche maligna — a. Epiglot- 
 tidea. Epiglottitis — a. Erysipelatosa, Erythranche 
 a. Exsudatoria, Cynanche trachealis — a. Externa, 
 Cynanche parotidsea — a. Faucium, Isthmitis — a. 
 Faucium Maligna, Cynanche maligna — a. FoUi- 
 culosa of the pharynx. Pharyngitis, follicular — 
 a. Gangraenosa, Cynanche maligna — a. Humida, 
 Cynanche trachealis — a. Inflammatoria, Cynan- 
 che, Cynanche trachealis — a. Laryngea, Laryn- 
 gitis — a. Laryngea Qildematosa, (Edema of the 
 glottis — a. Linguaria, Glossitis — a. Maligna, An- 
 gina pellicularis, Cynanche maligna. Pharyngitis, 
 diphtheritic — a. Maxillaris, Cynanche parotidasa 
 — a. Membranacea, Cynanche trachealis — a. 
 Mitis, Isthmitis. 
 
 Angi'na Nasa'lis, Nasi'tis posti'ca. An in- 
 flammation of the posterior portion of the Schnei- 
 derian membrane lining the nose. Also, Coryza. 
 Angi'na (Edemato'sa, (F.) Angine oedema- 
 teuse, (Edeme de la Glotte. An oedematous swell- 
 ing of the glottis, the effect of chronic cynanche 
 laryngea. See (Edema of the Glottis. 
 
 Angina Palatina, Hyperoitis — a. Paralytica, 
 Pharyngoplegia — a. Parotidsea Externa, Cynan- 
 che parotida3a. 
 
 Angi'na Pec'toris, A. cordis, Sternal'gia, 
 Asthma spastico-arthrit'icum incon'stans, Asthma 
 diaphragmat'icum, Arthri'tis diaphragmatica, 
 Orthopnoe' a cardi'aca, Sternodyn'ia ST/ncop'tica 
 et pril'pitans, S. syncopa'lis, Cardiog'mus cordis 
 sinis'tri, Astheni'a pectora'lis, Angor j>^<^'tori8, 
 Stenocar'dia, Diapihragmat'ic gout. Asthma con- 
 vidsi'vum. Asthma arthritieum, CardioneuraV gia, 
 Neiiral'gia hrachiothorac" ica, Hyjyeroisthe'sia. 
 plexus cardi'aci, A. dolorif'icum, Syncope angi- 
 no'sa seu angens, Oardiod'yne spasmod'ica inter- 
 mit'tens, Pnigopho'bia, Prunel'la, Snspir'ium 
 cardi'acum, Pneumonal'gia, Snff'ocative Breast- 
 pang, (F.) Angine de Poitrine, Nevrose du Gceur. 
 A disease, the precise pathology of which is not 
 known. The principal symptoms are, violent 
 pain about the sternum, extending towards the 
 arms, anxiety, dyspnoea, and sense of suffoca- 
 tion. It is an affection of great danger, and is 
 often connected with ossification, or other morbid 
 condition of the heart. It appears to be neuropa- 
 thic, and has been termed Neuralgia of the Heart. 
 Some, however, employ this last term for an 
 acutely painful intermittent affection of the heart, 
 which seems to difi'er from angina pectoris pc'i*-s 
 
ANGINE GUTTURALS 
 
 64 
 
 ANGONE 
 
 \n regard to the small number of parts wliicli are 
 drawn into morbid consent with the affected car- 
 diac nerves, than in regard either to its nature 
 or apiiropriate treatment. The most powerful 
 stimulating and narcotic antispasmodics are re- 
 quired during the paroxysm. 
 
 Angi'na Pellicdla'ris, a. malig'na, Dipthe- 
 ri'tis of the throat. A name given to those in- 
 flammations about the throat, in which exuda- 
 tions or false membranes are thrown out during 
 the phlogosis of the mucous membranes. Aphthm, 
 Tracheitis, when accompanied with the membra- 
 niform exudation, are, with some, examples of 
 diphtheritic inflammation. 
 
 Angina Perniciosa, Cynanche traehealis — a. 
 Pestilentialis, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic — a. Poly- 
 posa, Cynanche traehealis — a. Polyposaseu Mem- 
 branacea, Cynnnche traehfealis — a. Pseudo-mem- 
 branosa, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic — a. Pulposa, 
 Cynanche traehealis — a. Sanguinea, Cynanche 
 tonsillaris. 
 
 Angina Sicca, (F.) Angine Seche, is a chronic 
 inflammation of the pharynx, with a distressing 
 sense of dryness and heat, in chronic diseases of 
 the stomach and lungs. See Paedanchone. 
 Angina Simplex, Isthmitis. 
 Angina Squiero'sa, (F.) Angine squirrense, 
 consists in difiiculty of deglutition, caused by 
 scirrhous disorganization .of the pharynx or oeso- 
 phagus, or by enlarged tonsils. 
 
 Angina Strangulatoria, Cynanche traehe- 
 alis — a. Strepitosa, Cynanche traehealis — a. Suf- 
 focatoria, Cynanche traehealis — a. Synochalis, 
 Cynanche tonsillaris^a. Thyreoidea, Thyreoitis 
 — a. Tonsillaris, Cynanche tonsillaris — a. Tra- 
 ehealis, Cynanche traehealis — a. Ulcerosa, Cy- 
 nanche maligna — a. Uvularis, Staphyloedema, 
 Uvulitis — a. Vera et Legitima,. Cynanche ton- 
 sillaris. 
 
 ANGINE GUTTURALE, Cynanche tonsil- 
 laris — a. Laryngee, Larj'ngitis — a. Laryngee et 
 trackeale, Cynanche traehealis — a. Laryngee eede- 
 wateuse, (Edema of the glottis — a. CEsopjhagienne, 
 Gilsophagitis — a.Pharyngee, Cynanche parotidfea 
 — a. de Poitrine, Angina pectoris — a. Seche, An- 
 gina sicca — a. Simple, Isthmitis — a. Squirr-ense, 
 Angina Squirrosa — a. Tonsillaire, Cynanche ton- 
 sillaris. 
 
 ANGINE UX, Anginose. 
 
 ANGl'SO'S'E, Angino'siis, (F.) Angineux. Re 
 lating or appertaining tc angina; as Scarlati'na 
 angino'sa. 
 
 AiS^'GIOCAE.DrTIS, from ayytiov, 'a vessel,' 
 and carditis, ' inflammation of the heart.' In- 
 flammation of the heart and great vessels. 
 ANGIODIASTASIS, Angiectasis. 
 ANGIOGRAPHY, Angeiography. 
 ANGIOHEMIE, Hyperemia. 
 ANGIOHYDROGRAPHY, Angeiohydrogra- 
 
 ANGIOHYDROTOMY, Angeiobydrotomy. 
 ANGIOITIS, Aneeitis. 
 ■ ANGIOLEUCITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
 ANGIOLOGY. Angeiology. 
 ANGIOLYMPHITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
 AXGIOMALACIA, Angeiomalacia. 
 ANGIOMTCES, Hsematodes fungus. 
 ANGIONOSUS, Angeiopathia. 
 ANGIONUSUS, Angeiopathia. 
 ANGIOPATHIA, Angeiopathia. 
 ANGIOPLANIA, Angeioplania. 
 ANGIOPLEROSIS, Plethora. 
 ANGIOPYRA, Synocha. 
 ANGIORRHAGIA, Hsemorrhagia activa. 
 - ANGIORRHCEA, Angeiorrhoea. 
 ANGIOSIS. Ansriopathia. 
 ANGI03TEGNOSIS, Angiemphraxis. 
 ANGIOSTENOSIS, Angiemphraxis. 
 ANGIOSTOSIS, Angeiostosis. 
 
 ANGIOSTROPHE, see Torsion. 
 
 ANGIOTELECTASIA, Telangiectasia. 
 
 AXGIOTEN'IC, Angeiofen'ic, Angioten'icua 
 seu Angeioten'icus, from ayyeiov, ' a vessel,' and 
 reivsiv, ' to extend.' An epithet given to inflam- 
 matcry fever, owing to its action seeming to be 
 chiefly exerted on the vascular system. 
 
 ANGIOTOMY, Angeiotomy. 
 
 ANGLE, An'guhis, from ayictiXoj, 'a hook.' 
 The space between two lines which megt in a 
 point. 
 
 Angle, Fa'cial, pointed out by Camper, is 
 formed by the union of two lines, one of which- 
 is drawn from the most prominent part of the 
 forehead to the alveolar edge of the upper jaw, 
 opposite the incisor teeth — the facial line — and 
 the other from the meatus auditorius externus to 
 the same point of the jaw. According to the 
 size of the angle it has been attempted to appre- 
 ciate the respective proportions of the cranium 
 and face, and, to a certain extent, the degree of 
 intelligence of individuals and of animals. In 
 the white varieties of the species, this angle is 
 generally 80° ; in the negro not more than 70°, 
 and sometimes only 65°. As we descend the 
 scale of animals, the angle becomes less and less ; 
 until, in fishes, it nearly or entirely disappears. 
 Animals which have the snout long, and facial 
 angle small, such as the snipe, crane, stork, &c., 
 are proverbially foolish, at least they are so 
 esteemed; whilst intelligence is ascribed to those 
 in which the angle is more largely developed, as 
 the elephant and the owl. In these last animals, 
 however, the large facial angle is caused by the 
 size of the frontal sinuses : — so that this mode of 
 appreciating the size of the brain is very inexact, 
 and cannot be depended upon. 
 
 The following is a table of the angle in man 
 and certain animals : 
 
 FACIAL ANGLES. 
 
 Man from 68° to 88° and more. 
 
 Sapajou 65 
 
 Orang-Utang 56 to 58 
 
 Guenon 67 
 
 Mandrill 30 to 42 
 
 Coati 28 
 
 PoleCat 31 
 
 Pug-Dog 35 
 
 Mastiff 41 
 
 Hare 30 
 
 Ram 30 
 
 Horse 23 
 
 Angle, Occipital, op Daubenton, is formed 
 by a line drawn from the posterior margin of the 
 foramen magnum to the inferior margin of the 
 orbit, and another drawn from the top of the 
 head to the space between the occipital condyles. 
 In man, these condyles, as well as the foramen 
 magnum, are so situate, that a line drawn per- 
 pendicular to them would be a continuation of 
 the spine ; but in animals they are placed more 
 or less obliquely ; and the perpendicular is ne- 
 cessarily thrown farther forward, and the angle 
 rendered more acute. 
 
 Angle, Optic, (F.) Angle optique, is the angle 
 formed by two lines, which shave the extremities 
 of an object, and meet at the centre of the pupil. 
 
 ANGNAIL, Hangnail. 
 
 ANGOISSE, Angor. 
 
 ANGOLAM. A very tall Malabar tree, which 
 possesses vermifuge properties. 
 
 AN'GONE, properly An'chone, from ayx^', '1 
 choke.' Anad'roine, Hysterapopnix'is, Hys'tero- 
 pnix, Prcefoca'tio Fau'cinm seu Uteri'na seu 
 Matri'cis, Strangala'tio uteri'na, Suffoca'tio ute- 
 ri'na seu hyster'ica, Globus seu Nodus hysfer'ieus, 
 Orthopnoe'a hyster'ica, Dyspha'gia globo'sa seu 
 hyster'ica, Nervous Quinsy. A feeling of strangu- 
 lation, with dread of sufi"ocation. It is common 
 
ANGOR 
 
 65 
 
 ANIMAL 
 
 in hysterical females, and is accompanied with a 
 sensation as if a ball arose from the abdomen to 
 the thrcdC. 
 
 ANGOR, Anguish, (F.) Angoisse. Extreme 
 anxiety, accompanied with painful constriction 
 at the epigastrium, and often with palpitation 
 and oppression. It is frequently aa unfavour- 
 able symptom. 
 
 Angor, Agony, Orthopnoea — a. Faucium, Isth- 
 mitis — a. Pectoris, Angina pectoris. 
 
 ANGOS. Bubo, Uterus, Vessel. 
 
 ANGOSTURE YRAIE, Cusparia febrifuga. 
 
 ANGOURION, Cucumis sativus. 
 
 ANGUIS, Serpent. 
 
 ANGUISH, Angor. 
 
 Anguish, Febrile, Angor Fehri' lis. The com- 
 bination of weariness, pain, anxiety, and weak- 
 ness affecting the head and neck, which is so ge- 
 nerally observed at the commencement of fever. 
 
 ANGULAIRE BE L'OMOPLATE, Levator 
 scapulae. 
 
 AN'GULAH, Angula'ris, from angulus, 'an 
 angle,' (F.) Angulaire. That which relates to 
 an angle. 
 
 Angular Artery and Vein. A name given, 
 1. to the termination of the facial artery and 
 vein, because they pass by the greater angle of 
 the eye ; and, 2. to the facial artery and vein 
 themselves, because they pass under the angle 
 of the jaw. Sec Facial. 
 
 Angular Nerve is a filament furnished by 
 the inferior maxillary, which passes near the 
 greater angle of the eye. 
 
 Angular Processes of the frontal bone are 
 seated near the angles of the eyes. See Orbitar. 
 
 ANGULARIS, Levator scapulse. 
 
 ANG ULI- SOAP UL - HUMERAL, Teres 
 major. 
 
 ANGULUS COST^, see Costa — a. Ocularis, 
 Canthus. 
 
 ANGURIA. Cucurbita citrullus. 
 
 ANGUSTATIO, Arctatio— a. Cordis, Systole— 
 a. Intestini recti vel Ani, Stricture of the rectum. 
 
 ANGUS'TIA, Angusta'tio, Stenocho'ria. Anx- 
 iety, narrowness, strait, constriction. 
 
 Angustia Abdominalis, Pelvis, (Brim) — a. 
 Perinaealis, Pelvis, (Outlet.) 
 
 ANGUSTURA, Cusparia febrifuga— a. False, 
 Brucea antidysenterica, and Strychnos nux vo- 
 mica — a. Spuria, Brucea antidysenterica, and 
 Strychnos. 
 
 ANGUSTURE, FAUSSE, Brucea antidysen- 
 terica — Of. Ferrugineuse, Brucea antidysenterica 
 — a. Vraie, Cusparia febrifuga. 
 
 ANGUSTURINE, Brucine. 
 
 ANH^MATOSIA, Asphyxia, Anemia. 
 
 ANH^MIA, Anemia. 
 
 ANHAPHIA, Anaphia. 
 
 ANHELA'TIO, from anhelo, '1 pant.' An- 
 Jiel'itns, Aas'mus, Panting, Gasping, Anhelation, 
 (Sc.) Hech, Hegh, (Prov.) Gian, Kawing, Peck- 
 ing, (F.) Essonfflement. Short and rapid breath- 
 ing, See Dyspnoea. 
 
 Anhelatio is sometimes employed synony- 
 mously with asthma. 
 
 ANHELITUS, Breath. 
 
 ANHEMATOSIE, Ansemia, Asphyxia. 
 
 ANHEMIE, Anajmia. 
 
 ANHIS'TOUS, from a, av, privative, and 'icto?, 
 'organic texture,' 'Anor^'ajiic' Amor'phus. The 
 tunica decidua uteri is termed by Velpeau the 
 aiihistoiis membrane. 
 
 ANHUIBA, Laurus sassafras. 
 
 ANHYDR^'MIA, Ancemijd'ria, from av, pri- 
 vative, 'v&ioQ, ' water,' and 'aijia, ' blood.' A con- 
 dition of the blood in which there is a diminution 
 in the quantity of the serum. 
 
 ANHYDROMYEL'IA, from av, priv., 'vii^p, 
 
 'water,' and fivcKog, 'marrow.' Deficiency or 
 absence, in the spinal cavity, of the cephalo-spi- 
 nal fluid. 
 
 ANICE'TON, Amce'twm, Mesia'mum, from a, 
 privative, and MKn, 'victory,' 'invincible.' A 
 plaster much extolled by the ancients in cases 
 of achores. It was formed of litharge, cerusse, 
 thus, alum, turpentine, white pepper, and oil. 
 
 A N I'D E US, from av, privative, and ci&og, 
 'shape.' Aniorphus. A monster devoid of shape. 
 —.1. G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 ANIDRO'SIS, from a, privative, and 'tSpojs, 
 'sweat.' Sudo'ris nul'litas vel priva'tio. Ab- 
 sence of sweat. Deficiency of perspiration. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 ANILEMA, Borborygmus, Tormina. 
 
 ANILESIS, Borborygmus, Tormina. 
 
 ANILITAS, see Dementia. 
 
 AN'IMA, An'imus, Mens, Psyche. The mind, 
 breath, &c., from avefiog, 'wind or breath.' (F.) 
 Ame. The principle of the intellectual and moral 
 manifestations. Also, the principle of life — the 
 life of plants being termed An'ima vegetati'va, 
 (F.) Ame vegetative ,• that of man, An'ima sensi- 
 ti'va, (F.) Ame sensitive. 
 
 The Anima of Stahl, An'ima Stahlia'na, was a 
 fancied intelligent principle, which he supposed 
 to preside over the phenomena of life, — like the 
 Archceus of Van Helmont. 
 
 Under the terra Anima mundi, the ancient phi- 
 losophers meant a universal Spirit, which they 
 supposed spread over every part of the uni- 
 verse. 
 
 The precise seat of the mind in the brain has 
 given rise to many speculations. The point is 
 unsettled. 
 
 With the ancient chemists, Anima meant the 
 active principle of a drug separated by some 
 chemical management. 
 
 Anima Aloes : see Aloes Succotorina — a. Ar- 
 ticulorum, Hermodactylus — a. Hepatis, Ferri sul- 
 phas — a. Pulmonum, Crocus — a. Rhei, Infusum 
 rhei — a. Stahliana, see Anima — a. Vegetativa, 
 Plastic force. 
 
 AN'IMAL, Zodn. A name given to every 
 animated being. Most animals have the power 
 of locomotion ; some can merely execute par- 
 tial movements, such as contraction .and dila- 
 tation. In other respects it is often a matter 
 of difiiculty to determine what is an animal 
 characteristic. The study of animals is called 
 ZodVogy. 
 
 An'imal, Anima'lis. That which concerns, or 
 belongs to, an animal. 
 
 Animal Heat, Color anima'lis seu nati'vus, 
 Cal'idum anima'le seu inna'tum, Biolych'nion, 
 Flam' mula vita'lis, Therma eni'phytum, Thermum 
 em'phytum, Ignis anima'lis seu natura'lis seu 
 vita'lis, (F.) Chaleur animate, is the caloric con- 
 stantly formed by the body of a living animal, 
 by virtue of which it preserves nearly the same 
 temperature, whatever may be that of the me- 
 dium in which it is placed. This formation 
 seems to take place over the whole of the body, 
 and to be connected with the action of nutrition. 
 
 The following are the natural temperatures of 
 certain animals j that of man being 98° or 100°. 
 
 Animals. Temperatun. 
 
 Arctic Fox 107 
 
 Arctic Wolf. ■) .^, 
 
 Squirrel / ^"° 
 
 Hare ) ,,. 
 
 Whale I 10* 
 
 Arctomys citillus, zizil — in summer. 103 
 
 Do. when torpid 80 to 84 
 
 Goat 103 
 
 Bat, in summer ) ,„„ 
 
 Musk / ^"- 
 
 Marmota bobac — Bobac 101 or 102 
 
 House mouse. 101 
 
ANIMALCULA 
 
 66 
 
 ANISOTACHYS 
 
 Animals. Temperatur . 
 
 Arctomys marmota, marmot,— in summer... 1^1 or 102 
 Do. when torpid. 
 
 43 
 
 Rabbit : r. ^'^^n^°* 
 
 Polar Bear ••• -^"^ 
 
 Dog j 
 
 i^^e:::;:::::::::::::::::;::::::::::::::::":::"::"" \ loo *« ^s 
 
 Sheep 
 
 Ox J 
 
 Guinea-pig 100 to 102 
 
 Arctomys glis 
 
 Shrew ~ 
 
 Young wolf ■■■ 
 
 Fringilla artiea, Arctic finch j. 
 
 Jlubecola, redftreosi J 
 
 Fringilla linaria, lesser redpoll 110 or 111 
 
 Falco pulumbarius, goshawk | 
 
 Caprimulgus Europteus, European goat- > 
 
 sucker ) 
 
 Emberiza nivalis, snow-bunting 109 to IIU 
 
 99 
 
 111 
 
 100 
 
 109 
 
 108 
 
 107 
 
 Falco lanarius. lanner 
 
 Fringilla carduelis, goldfinch 
 
 Corvus corax, raven 
 
 Turdus, thrush, (of Ceylon,) 
 
 Tetrao perdix, partridge 
 
 Anas clypeata, sJioveler 
 
 Tringa pugnax, ruffe 
 
 Scolopax limosa, lesser godwit 
 
 Tetrao tetrix, grouse 
 
 Fringilla brumalis, winterfinch 
 
 Loxia pyrrhula 
 
 Falco nisus, sparrowhawk 
 
 Vultur barbatus 
 
 Anser pulchricoUis 
 
 Colymbus auritus, dusky grebe 
 
 Tringa vanellus, lapiving, wounded 
 
 Tetrao lagopus, ptarmisrara , 
 
 Fringilla domestica, Tioiise sparrow lOi to 111 
 
 Strix passerina, Kffle owl 
 
 Haematopus ostralegus, sea-pie 
 
 Anas penelope, widgeon > lOG 
 
 Anas strepera, gadwall.... 
 
 Pelecanus carbo 
 
 Falco ossifragus, sea-eagle, 
 
 Fulica atra, coot )- 105 
 
 Anas acuta, pintail-dtick, 
 
 Falco milvuB, kite, (wounded,) \ jqI 
 
 Merops apiaster, bee-e-ater f 
 
 Goose 
 
 H(ni I. 103 to 10 
 
 Dove 
 
 Duck 
 
 Ardea stellaris 
 
 Falco albicollis 
 
 Pieus major 
 
 Cossus ligniperda 
 
 Shark 
 
 Torpedo marmorata 
 
 103 
 
 ) to 91 
 83 
 74 
 
 Animal Kingdom, (F.) Begne Animal, com- 
 prises all animated beings. 
 
 Animal Layer, see Tache emhryonnaire — a. 
 Magnetism, see Magnetism, animal. 
 
 ANIMALCULA SEMINALIA, Spermatozoa 
 — a. Spermatica, Spermatozoa. 
 
 ANIMAL'CULE, Animal' euluin ; diminutive 
 of animal. A small animal. An animal well 
 seen only by means of the microscope. 
 
 ANIMALCULES, SEMINAL, Spermatozoa — 
 a. Spermatic, Spermatozoa. 
 
 ANIMALCULISM, Spermatism. 
 ANIMAL'CULIST, An' imalint. One who at- 
 tempts to explain different physiological or pa- 
 thological phenomena by means of animalcules. 
 One who believes that the embryo is formed from 
 the so-called spermatic animalcules — sperm'atist, 
 sem'inist, 
 
 ANIMAL'CULOVISM, Animalctdovism'- 
 iis, from animalculum and ovum. The doctrine, 
 now universal, which maintains that the new 
 being is formed by the concourse of the sperma- 
 tic animalcule or spermatozoid with the ovum. 
 ANIMALCULUM, Animalcule. 
 ANIMALIST, Animalculist. 
 ANIMAL'ITY, Animal'itas, (F.) Anim.alite. 
 The aggregate of qualities which distinguish that 
 which^fs animated. That which constitutes the 
 animal. 
 
 ANIMALIZA'TION, Animalisa'lio. The 
 transformation of the nutritive parts of food into 
 the living substance of the body to be nourished. 
 Assimilation. 
 
 To AN'IMATE, Anima're. To unite the liv- 
 ing principle with an organized body. The 
 French use it in the sense of, — to excite or render 
 active; as, animer un vesicatoire : to excite a 
 blister to suppurate. 
 
 ANIMATIO, Animation — a. Foetfis, see Quick- 
 ening. 
 
 ANIMA'TION, Zoo'siSfAnima'tio, from anirnu, 
 'the soul or mind.' The act of animating. The 
 state of being enlivened. 
 
 Animation, Suspended, Asphyxia. 
 AN'IME, Gum an'ime, Amina'a, Gummi an'- 
 ime, Can'camum, Can'camy. A resin obtained 
 from the trunk of Hymen'ma, cour'baril. Ord. 
 Fabaceae. It has been given as a cephalic and 
 uterine. It is not used. The plant is also called 
 Cotir' baril. 
 
 ANIME, (F.) An epithet applied to the 
 countenance, when florid, in health or disease. 
 ANIME LL^, Parotid. 
 
 ANIMI CASUS SUBITUS, Syncope— a. De- 
 liquium, Syncope — a. Pathemata, Passions. 
 ANIMISM, see Animist. 
 
 AN'IMIST, from anima, 'the soul.' One who, 
 following the example of Stahl, refers all the 
 phenomena of the animal ecomony to the soul, 
 Aii'imism. ~~ 
 
 The soul, according to Stahl, is the immediate 
 and intelligent agent of every movement, and of 
 every material change in the body. Stahl there- 
 fore concluded, that disease is nothing more 
 than a disturbance or disorder in the government 
 of the economy, or an effort by which the soul, 
 attentive to every morbific cause, endeavours to 
 expel whatever may be deranging the habitual 
 order of health. See Stahlianism. 
 ANIMUS, Anima, Breath. 
 ANIRID'IA, from av, priv., and ipts, ipiSos 'the 
 iris.' Absence of the iris. 
 
 ANIS, Pimpinella anisum — a. Aigre, Cuminum 
 Cyminum — a. de la Chine, lUicium anisatum — a. 
 JDovx, Anethum — a. Etoili, Illicium anisatum. 
 
 ANISA'TUM, from Anisum, ' Anise.' A sort 
 of medicated wine, formerly prepared with honey, 
 wine of Ascalon, and aniseed. 
 
 ANISCALPTOR, Latissimus dorsi. 
 ANISCHURIA, Enuresis. 
 ANISE, Pimpinella anisum — a. Star, Illicium 
 anisatum, I. Floridanum — a. Tree, Florida, Illi- 
 cium Floridanum — a. Tree, yellow-flowered, Illi- 
 cium anisatum. 
 
 ANISEED, see Pimpinella anisum. 
 ANISEMA DRACONTIUM, Arum dracon- 
 tium. 
 
 ANISI SEMINA, see Pimpinella anisum. 
 ANISO'DUS LU'RIDUS, Nican'dra anom'- 
 ala, Phy'salis stramo'nium, Whitley'a stramo'ni- 
 folia. A plant of Nepal, possessed of narcotic 
 properties, and resembling belladonna and to- 
 bacco. It dilates the pupil, and is used in dis- 
 eases of the eye like belladonna. It is given in 
 alcoholic tincture {dried leaves §j to alcohol 
 f^viij). Dose, 20 drops internally in the 24 hours. 
 ANISOPHTLLUM IPECACUANHA, Eu- 
 phorbia Ipecacuanha. 
 
 ANISOS'THENES, In^qua'li rob' ore pollens. 
 That which is unequal in strength : from av, 
 priv., icog, 'equal,' and (r&evog, 'strength.' An 
 epithet applied particularly to the muscular con- 
 tractility which, in the sick, is sometimes aug- 
 mented in certain muscles only, — in the flexors, 
 for example. 
 
 ANISOT'ACHYS, from av, priv., itroj, ' equal,' 
 
ANISUM 
 
 67 
 
 ANNULAR 
 
 and ra^vs, 'quick.' An epithet for the pulse, 
 when quick and unequal. — Gorraus. 
 
 ANISUM, Pimpinella anisum — a. Africanum 
 frutescens, Bubon Galbanum — a. Fruticosum gal- 
 baniferum, Bubon Galbanum — a. Officinale, Pim- 
 piuella anisum — -a. Sinense, Ulieium anisatum — 
 a. Stellatum, Ulieium anisatum — a.Vulgare, Pim- 
 pinella anisum. 
 
 ANKLE, Astragalus, Malleolus. 
 
 ANKLEY, Malleolus. 
 
 ANKUS, Ancus. 
 
 ANKYLOBLEPH'x\KON, Aricylolleph'aron, 
 Palpebrn'rum coal'itus, from ayKv'Sri, 'a bridle,' 
 and fi\e<papov, ' eyelid.' A preternatural union 
 between tlie free edges of the eyelids. Likewise 
 called Symhleph' aron, Symhlepharo' sis, undPros'- 
 physis. , 
 
 Also, union between the eyelids and globe of 
 the eye. — Aetius. 
 
 ANKYLOCHEI'LIA, Ancylochei'Ua, (F.) An- 
 hycloclielie, from ayxiiAo;, ' crooked,' and ;:^ciAoy, 
 'lip.' Accidental union of the lips. 
 
 ANKYLOCHELIE, Ankylocheilia. 
 
 ANKYLOCOLPUS, Colpatresia. 
 
 ANKYLOGORE, Coreclisis. 
 
 ANKYLODON'TIA, from ay/cuAos, 'crooked,' 
 and o&ovi, oSovtos, ' a tooth.' An irregular posi- 
 tion of the teeth in the jaws. 
 
 ANKYLOGLOS'SIA, Ancyloglos'sia, Concre'- 
 tio lin<ju(B, from ayxuA^, ' a bridle,' and yAuco-a, 
 'the tongue.' Impeded motion of the tongue in 
 consequence of adhesion between its margins and 
 the gums ; or in consequence of the shortness 
 of the frjenum : the later affection constituting 
 Tongue-tie, Olop7io'?iia lin'gucB frcena'ta. It 
 merely requires the frsenum to be divided with a 
 pair of scissors. 
 
 ANKYLOGLOSSOT'OMUM, from ankyloglos- 
 sia, ' tongue-tie,' and to^i?, ' incision.' An instru- 
 ment used in the operation for tongue-tie. 
 
 ANKYLOME'LE, Ancylome'l'e, from ayKv\og, 
 'crooked,' and /<;?A)7, 'a probe.' A curved probe. 
 — Galen. 
 
 ANKYLOMERIS'MUS, Ancylomeris'mus, from 
 ayKvhi, 'a bridle,' and jwe/sos, 'a part.' Morbid 
 adhesion between parts. 
 
 ANKYLOPS, ^gilops. 
 
 ANKYLORRHIN'IA, Ancylorrhin'ia, from 
 ayKvXr], 'a bridle,' and piv, 'the nose.' Morbid 
 union of the parietes of the nose. 
 
 ANKYLOSED, see Ankylosis. 
 
 ANKYLO'SIS, Aneylo'sis, Anchylo'sis, An'- 
 cyle, Stiff Joint, from ayx-uAoj, 'crooked.' An 
 affection, in which there is great difficulty or even 
 impossibility of moving a diarthrodial articula- 
 tion. It is so called, because the limb commonly 
 remains in a constant state of flexion, and a joint 
 thus affected is said to be ankylo' sed. Anchylo- 
 sis is said to be complete or true, when there is an 
 intimate adhesion between the synovial surfaces, 
 with union of the articular extremities of the 
 bones. In the incomplete or false anchylosis, 
 there is obscure motion, but the fibrous parts 
 around the joint are more or less stiff and thick- 
 ened. In the treatment of this last state, the 
 joint must be gently and gradually exercised; 
 and oily, relaxing applications be assiduously em- 
 ployed. 
 
 Ankylosis Spuria, Rigiditas artieulorum. 
 
 ANKYLO'TIA, Ancylo'tia, from ayKvXrj, 'a 
 bridle,' and avs, laro?, 'the ear.' Morbid union 
 of the parietes of the ear. 
 
 ANKYLOT'OMUS,^nc?/;o<'oMM8, from ayKvXo;, 
 'crooked,' and tcjiveiv, 'to cut.' Any kind of 
 curved knife. — Paulus. An instrument for di- 
 viding the fraenum linguae. — Scultetus. 
 
 ANNE ATI, Ring — a. Crural, Crural canal — a. 
 Diap'hragmati<]ue, Diaphragmatic ring — a. Femo- 
 
 ral, Crural canal — a. Inguinal, Inguinal ring — a. 
 Ombi'lical, Umbilical ring. 
 
 ANNEXE, Accessory, Appendix. 
 
 ANNI CRITICL Climacterici (anni)— a. De- 
 cretorii, Climacterici (anni) — a. Fatales, Climac- 
 terici (anni) — a. Genethliaci, Climacterici (anni) 
 — a. Gradarii, Climacterici (anni) — a. Hebdoma- 
 dici, Climacterici (anni)— a. Heroici, Climacterici 
 (anni) — a. Natalitii, Climacterici (anni) — a. Sca- 
 lares, Climacterici (anni) — a. Scansiles, Climacte- 
 rici (anni). 
 
 ANNOTA'TIO, Episma'sia. Under this term 
 some have included the preludes to an attack of 
 intermittent fever — as yawning, stretching, som- 
 nolency, chilliness, &c. 
 
 ANN OTTO, see Terra Orleana, 
 
 AN'NUAL DISEASES, 3Iorbi an'nui, M. an- 
 niversa'rii, (F.) Maladies annuelles. A name 
 given, by some, to diseases which recur every 
 year about the same period. Febris annua, (F.) 
 Fievre annuelle, is a term used for a fancied in- 
 termittent of this type. 
 
 ANNUENS. Rectus capitis internus minor. 
 
 ANNUIT"IO, Nodding, from ad, 'to,' and 
 nutus, 'a nod.' A gesture, denoting assent in 
 most countries. Also, the state of somnolency, 
 when the individual is in the erect or sitting 
 posture, with the head unsupported, in which 
 the power of volition over the extensor muscles 
 of the head is lost, and the head drops forward. 
 
 AN'NULAR, Annula'ris, Amda'ris, CricoV des, 
 (F.) Annulaire, (annus, 'a circle.') Any thing 
 relating to a ring, or which has the shape or ful- 
 fils the functions of a ring; from annulus, 'a 
 ring.' 
 
 Annular Finger, Ring Finger, Ring man, 
 Dig"iti(s annula'ris, Param'esos. The fourth 
 finger, so called from tlie wedding ring being 
 worn thereon. See Digitus. Of old, it was be- 
 lieved, that there is a medium of direct commu- 
 nication between the ring finger and the heart. 
 
 Annular Ganglion, see Ciliary ligament. 
 
 Annular Lig'aMENT, Transverse ligament, 
 Cru'cial ligament. A strong ligamentous band, 
 which arches across the area of the ring of the 
 atlas, from a rough tubercle upon the inner sur- 
 face of one articular process, to a similar tubercle 
 on the other. It serves to retain the odontoid 
 process of the axis in connexion with the ante- 
 rior arch of the atlas. 
 
 An'nular Lig'ament of the Ra'dius, is a very 
 strong fibro-cartilaginous band, which forms, with 
 the lesser sigmoid cavity of the cubitus, a kind 
 of ring, in which the head of the radius turns 
 with facility. 
 
 An'nular Lig'aments of the Carpus, Ar- 
 mil'loB nianiis membrano' sm, are two in number. 
 
 The one, anterior, is a broad, fibrous, quadri- 
 lateral band, extending transversely before the 
 carpus, and forming the gutter, made by the 
 wrist, into a canal. It is attached, externally, 
 to the trapezium and scapho'ides ; and internally 
 to the OS pisiforme and process of the unciforme. 
 It keeps the tendons of the flexoV muscles, me- 
 dian nerve, &c., applied against the carpus. 
 
 The p)osterior ligament is situate transversely 
 behind the joint of the hand, and covers the 
 sheaths of the tendons, which pass to the back 
 of the hand. Its fibres are white and shining, 
 and are attached, externally, to the inferior and 
 outer part of the radius; internally to the ulna 
 and OS pisiforme. 
 
 An'nular Lig'aments op the Tarsus are two 
 in number. The anterior is quadrilateral, and 
 extends transversely above the instep. It is at- 
 tached to the superior depression of the os calcis, 
 and to the malleolus internus. It embraces the 
 tendons of the extensor muscles of ihe toes, the 
 tibialis anticus, and peroneus anticus. The inter- 
 
ANNULARIS 
 
 68 
 
 ANOSMIA 
 
 ta? is broader than the last. It descends frona 
 the malleolus internus to the posterior and inner 
 part of the os calcis, with which it forms a kind 
 of canal, enclosing the sheaths of the tendons of 
 the tibialis posticus, flexor longus dicjitorum pedis, 
 and F. lon(jns poUicis pedis, as well as the plantar 
 vessels and nerves. 
 
 Annular Vein, Vena annida'ris, is situate 
 between the annular finger and the little finger. 
 Aetius recommends it to be opened in diseases 
 of the spleen. 
 
 ANNULARIS, Cricoid: see Digitus — a. Ani, 
 Sphincter ani. 
 
 ANNULI CARTILAGINEI, see Trachea— a. 
 Cartilaginosi Trachea3, see Trachea. 
 
 AN'NULI FIBRO-CARTILAGIN'EI, " Fi- 
 hro-cartilaginous or festooned rings." Tough 
 tendinous tracts in the heart, two of which, an- 
 terior, are situate on the right and left of the 
 aortal opening; and one posterior, which runs 
 backwards from the aorta to the border of the 
 auriculo-ventricular septum, where it splits into 
 two slender crura. 
 
 A NX UL I- TEND INO-PEALANOIENS, 
 Lumbricales manus. 
 
 ANNULUS, Daetylius, Vulva — a. Abdominis, 
 Inguinal ring — a. Albidus, see Ciliary (ligament) 
 — a. Cellulosus, Ciliary ligament — a. Ciliaris, 
 Ciliary ligament — a. Fossa ovalis : see Oralis 
 fossa — a. Gangliformis, see Ciliary (ligament) — 
 a. Repens, Herpes circinatus — a. Umbilicalis, 
 Umbilical ring — a. Ventrieuli, Pylorus — a. Vieus- 
 senii, see Ovalis fossa. 
 
 ANO, avoi. A prefix denoting 'above, up.' 
 
 ANO-CA VERNEUX, Accelerator urina;. 
 
 ANOCHI'LUS, from avu, 'above,' and ■x^ctXog, 
 'lip.' The upper lip. Also, one who has a large 
 upper lip. 
 
 ANOCiELTA, Stomach. 
 
 ANOCCELIADELPHUS, Cceliadelphus. 
 
 ANO'DIA, from av, priv., and w^^, 'song.' 
 An unconnected or dissonant mode of speech. 
 
 ANOD'IC, Anod'icus, from avui, 'above, up,' 
 and 'oi5o;, 'a way.' Tending upwards. An epi- 
 thet applied by Dr. Marshall Hall to an ascend- 
 ing course of nervous action. 
 
 ANODIN, Anodyne. 
 
 ANODIN'IA, from a, av, privative, and a&iv, 
 'a labour pain.' Absence of labour pains. 
 
 ANODMIA. Anosmia. 
 
 ANODUS, Edentulus. 
 
 AN'ODYNE, Anod'yntis, Antod'i/ntis, Antid'- 
 ynows (improperly), Pa/-e(7o?''jcHS, Anet'icus, Ant- 
 al'cjicvs, Acesod'ynes, (F.) Anodin ou Anodyn, 
 from av, privative, and ucvvrj, 'pain.' Anodynes 
 are those medicines which relieve pain, or cause 
 it to cease; as opium, belladonna, &q. They act 
 by blunting the sensibility of the encephalon, so 
 that it does not appreciate the morbid sensation. 
 
 ANODYN'IA, Indolen'tia. Cessation or ab- 
 sence of pain. Vogel has given this name to a 
 genus of diseases, characterized by a cessation 
 of pain, and the exasperation of other symptoms ; 
 as we see in gangrene. 
 
 ANODYNUM MINERALE, Potassse nitras 
 sulphatis paucillo mixtus. 
 
 ANQ3'A, Anoi'a, from a, privative, and vooq, 
 'mind.' Delirium, imbecility. See Dementia 
 and Idiotism. 
 
 ANOESIA, Dementia — a. Abstricta, Melan- 
 choly. 
 
 A.NOIA, Ancea. 
 ANOMAL. Anomalous. 
 ANOMALES, Anomalous. 
 ANOMA'LIA, from av, privative, and ojiaXos, 
 'regular.' Abnor'mitas, AlienaHio. Anomaly, 
 abnormity, irregularity. In Pathology, anomaly 
 means something unusual in the symptoms pro- 
 
 per to a disease, or in the morbid appearances 
 presented by it. 
 
 Anomalia NERVORrM, Nervous diathesis. 
 
 AN03IALIE PAR CLOISONNEMENT, see 
 Cloisonnement. 
 
 AN02IAL0 TROPHIES, from av, privative, 
 o/iaXog, 'regular,' and rpo^ir;, 'nourishment.' A 
 class of diseases, which consist in modifications 
 in the nutrition of organs. — Gendrin. 
 
 ANOM'ALOUS, Anom'alus, Anom'alis; the 
 same etymon. Irregular; contrary to rule. (F.) 
 Anomal. In Medicine, a disease is called ano- 
 malous, in whose symptoms or progress there is 
 something unusual. Affections are also called 
 anomalous, which cannot be referred to any 
 known species. 
 
 ANOMALOUS, Irregular. 
 
 ANOMMATUS, Anophthalmus. 
 
 ANOMOCEPH'ALUS, from a, priv., vopLog, 
 'rule,' and x£(paXri, 'head.' One whose head is 
 deformed. — Geofi'roi Saint-Hilaire. 
 
 ANOJWSPLENOTOPIE, Splenectopia. 
 
 ANOMOTOPJE, Ectopia. 
 
 ANOM'PHALUS, from av, priv., and o/KpaXo;, 
 'the navel.' One devoid of navel. Many writers 
 have endeavoured to show that Adam and Eve 
 must have been avo^tpaXoi, as they could not have 
 had umbilical vessels. 
 
 ANONA TRILOBA, see Carica papaya. 
 
 ANO'NA TRIPET'ALA. xV tree of the/am% 
 Anonese or Anonacese; Sex. Sysf. Polyandria 
 Polygynia, from fifteen to twenty feet high, na- 
 tive of South America, which bears a delicious 
 fruit called Chirimoya. Both the fruit and flowers 
 emit a fine fragrance, which, when the tree is 
 covered with blossom, is almost overpowering. — 
 Tschudi. 
 
 ANONIS, Ononis. 
 
 ANONYCH'IA, from av, privative, and ow^, 
 ovvx°^t 'a nail.' Want of nails, — a rare con- 
 genital defect. 
 
 ANONY^rE, Innominatum. 
 
 ANON'YMOUS, Anon'ymua, Innomina'tus, (F.) 
 Anonyme, from av, privative, and ovojia, 'name.' 
 That which has no name. 
 
 The word has been applied to many parts of 
 the body: — to the Anonymous hone or Os inno- 
 minatum : — the Anonymous foramen or Foramen 
 innominatum, &C. 
 
 ANOPHRESIA, Anosmia. 
 
 ANOPHTHAL'MUS, Anom'matiis, from av, 
 privative, and o(j>da\fiog, 'an eye.' One who is 
 devoid of eyes. 
 
 ANOPS'IA, from av, priv., and wi//, 'the eye.' 
 A ease of monstrosity in which the eye and orbit 
 are wanting. 
 
 ANOPTICONERVIE, Amaurosis. 
 
 ANOR'CHIDES, from av, priv., and op^tg, 'a 
 testicle.' They who are without testicles. — For- 
 tunatus Fidelis. 
 
 ANOREX'IA, from av, priv., and opt^Lg, 'ap- 
 petite.' Inaj^peten'tia, Limo'sis expers, (F. ) Perte 
 d'appetit. Absence of appetite, without loathing. 
 Anorexia or want of appetite is symptomatic of 
 most diseases. Also, Indigestion, Dyspepsia. 
 
 Anorexia Exhausto'rcm, Frigidity of the 
 stomach — a. Mirabilis, Fasting. 
 
 ANORGANIC, see Anhistous, and Inorganic. 
 
 ANORMAL, Abnormous. 
 
 ANORTnOP'IA,from a, priv., opv^o?, 'straight.' 
 and o-^tf, 'vision.' Vision in which persons are 
 unable to judge when objects are not parallel or 
 not symmetrical. 
 
 ANOS'IA, from a, priv., and vono;, 'disease.' 
 Health. Freedom from disease. 
 
 ANO S 'MIA, from av, privative, and oapiv, 
 'odour.' Loss of smell. Diminution of the sense 
 of smell. Called, also, Anosphre'sia, Anospkra'- 
 sia, AnopJire' sia, Paros'mia, Anod'mia, Anosrno'- 
 
ANOSMOSTA 
 
 69 
 
 ANTHELMINTIC 
 
 sin, Offact&s amis'sio seu defic"iers, DyscBSthe'sia 
 olfacto' rin, Anmathe' sia olfacto'ria, Odora'tus de- 
 2>er'dittis. (F.) Perte de I'Odorat. 
 AXOSMOSIA, Anosmia. 
 AN0SPHRA3IA, Anosmia. 
 ANOSPHRESIA, Anosmia. 
 
 ANO'TUS, from av, privative, and ovg, wro;, i 
 'the ear.' A monster having no ears. 
 ANOXEJ,riE, Asphyxia. 
 ANSA INTESTINALIS, Anse (J nt est in ale). 
 ANSE (P.), Anna (L.), signifit's, proper!}-, the 
 handle of certain vessels, usually of an arched ' 
 form. By analogy, it has been applied to that 
 which is curved in the form of such handle. 
 Thus, the French speak of Anse intestiuale — Ansa 
 seu Gyms infest in a' Us — to signify a portion of 
 intestine, supported by its mesentery, and de- 
 scribing a curved line : — also, of Anse nerveuse, 
 Anse anastomotiqiie, &0. 
 
 Anse de fil is used, in Surgery, to designate a 
 thread, curved in the form of an Anse. 
 
 ANSERINA, Potentilla anserina. 
 
 ANSERINE, Chenopodium ambrosioides — a. 
 Anthehniutiqne, Chenopodium anthelminticum — 
 a. Bon Henri, Chenopodium Bonus Henricus — a. 
 Jjofrys, Chenopodium Botrys — -a. Fetide, Cheno- 
 podium vulvaria — a. Vermifuge, Chenopodium 
 anthelminticum. 
 
 ANTACIDS, Anti-acids, Antiac"ida, Inver- 
 fen'tia, from anti, 'against,' and acida, 'acids.' 
 Pbemedies which obviate acidity in the stomach. 
 They are chemical agents, and act by neutralizing 
 the acid. Those chiefly used are ammonia, calcis 
 carbonas, calx, magnesia, magnesiJB carbonas, 
 potassa, potassaa bicarbonas, p. carbonas, sodse 
 bicarbonas, and s. carbonas. They are, of course, 
 only palliatives, removing that which exists, not 
 preventing the formation of more. 
 
 ANTAG'ONISM, Antagonis'mns, Antis'tasis, 
 from avTi, 'against,' and ayuvi^onai, 'to strive.' 
 Action in an opposite direction. It applies to the 
 action of muscles that act in a contrary direction 
 to others. In estimating the force of muscles, 
 this antagonism must be attended to. 
 
 ANTAG'ONIST, Antaffonis'ta. A muscle 
 whose action produces an effect contrary to that 
 of another muscle. Every muscle has its anta- 
 gonist, because there is no motion in one direc- 
 tion without a capability of it in another. 
 
 ANTALGTCUS. Anodyne. 
 
 ANTAPHP.ODIS'IAC, Antaphrodit'ic, Anta- 
 phrodisiaciis, Anaphrodisiacus, Anaphrndis' iac, 
 Anterot'icns,irova.avTi, 'against,' and acppoSiinaKog, 
 'aphrodisiac' A substance capable of blunting 
 the venereal appetite. 
 
 ANTAPHRODITIC, Antaphrodisiac. 
 
 ANTAPOD'OSIS, from apTaiTo5i6u>/ii, 'I return 
 in exchange.' The succession and return of the 
 febrile periods. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANTAPOPLECTICUS, Antiapopleetic. 
 
 ANTAPtTHRITIC, Antiarthritic. 
 
 ANTASTHENICUS, Tonic. . 
 
 ANTASTHMATICUS, Antiasthmatic. 
 
 ANTATROPH^C, Antatro2)h'icus, Antat'ro- 
 phus, Antiritroph'icus, from avTi, 'against,' and 
 arpoipia, 'atrophy.' A remedy opposed to atro- 
 phv or consumption. 
 
 ANTEBRACHIAL, see Antibraehial. 
 
 ANTECEDEN'TIA. The precursory or 
 warning svtnptoms of a disease. 
 
 ANTEFLEXIO UTERL see Anteversion. 
 . ANTELA'BIA, Prochei'la, from ante, 'before,' 
 and labia, 'the lips.' The extremity of the lips. 
 
 ANTELOPE. Antilopus. 
 
 ANTEMBALLOMENUM, Suecedaneum. 
 
 ANTEM'BASIS, from avn, and cjiliaivu,, 'I 
 enter.' Mu'tuus ingres'sus. The mutual recep- 
 tion of bones. — Galen. 
 
 ANTEMETIC, Antiemetic. 
 
 ANTEXDEIXIS, Counter-indication. 
 
 ANTENDIXIS, Counter-indication. 
 
 ANTENEAS'MUS, from avn, 'against,' and 
 vzav, 'audacious;' or rather, perhaps, from avn, 
 and TEivu, 'I extend or stretch.' One furious 
 against himself. Mania, in which the patient 
 attempts his own life.' — Zacchias. 
 
 ANTENNA'BIA DIOI'CA. Gnapha'lium Di- 
 oi'eum, Tfispid'xda, Pes cati, Eli'chrysum rnonta'- 
 nnm, Dice'eiotis Everlast'ing, Catsfoot, (F.) Pied 
 de chat. Order, Compositse. A common Euro- 
 pean plant, which has been advised in hemor- 
 rhage, diarrhoea, &c. 
 
 AsTENNABiA Margaeitace A, Gnaphalium 
 margaritaeeum. 
 
 Antennaeia PlantagiiiIfo'lia, Gnnphrt'lium 
 plantaginifo' Hum seu plantagin'eum seu dioi'cum 
 variety plantaginifoUum, Plantain Life-everlast- 
 ing. Cudu-cld, indigenous, has similar properties. 
 
 AXTEPHIALTIC, Antiephialtic. 
 
 ANTEPILEPTIC, Antiepileptic. 
 
 ANTEPONENS, Anticipating. 
 
 ANTBREI'SIS, from avn, 'against,' and tpa- 
 i(i>, 'I support.' The resistance — the solidity — 
 of bones. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANTE R IE UP DU 3IARTEAU, Laxator 
 tympani — a. de V Oreille, Anterior auris. 
 
 ANTE'RIOR, Anti'cus, from ante, 'before.' 
 Situate before. Great confusion has prevailed 
 with anatomists in the use of the terms hefore, 
 behind, etc. Generally, the word anterior is ap- 
 plied to parts situate before the median line, the 
 body being in the erect posture, with the face 
 and palms of the hands turned forwards, and 
 the feet applied longitudinally together. 
 
 Ante'eior Au'riS (Ifascle), Anricula'ris ante'- 
 rior, At' traliens auric'xdam, {J} .) Auricidaire ante- 
 rieur, Anterieur de I'oreille, Zygomato-oriculaire. 
 A small muscle, passing from the posterior part 
 of the zygoma to the helix. Use, to draw the ear 
 forwards and upwards. 
 
 Anterior Mallei, Laxator tympani. 
 
 ANTEROTICUS, Antaphrodisiac. 
 
 ANTEUPHORBIUM, Cacalia anteuphorbium. 
 
 ANTEVER'SION, Antever'sio, Antrover'sio, 
 from ante, 'before,' and vertere, versum, 'to turn.' 
 Displacement of the uterus, in which the fundus 
 is turned towards the pubes, whilst its orifice is 
 towards the sacrum. It may be caused by extra- 
 ordinary size of the pelvis, pressure of the viscera 
 on the uterus, etc.; and is recognised by exami- 
 nation ^jer vaginam. A simple forward inclina- 
 tion of the body of the uterus, without the os 
 uteri being carried much backwards, is termed 
 Antefex'ivn of the u'terns, Antejlex'io u'teri. Not 
 unfrequently, however, it is used synonymously 
 with Ptetroversion of the Uterus. See Retro- 
 versio uteri, 
 
 A N T H ^ M P T Y'i C U S, AntihtEmoptif-icus, 
 from avTi, 'against,' and hamo-ptysis, 'spitting 
 of blood.' Against spitting of blood. A remedy 
 for spitting of blood — antihcBmopty'icum (rerae- 
 dium). 
 
 ANTH^MORRHAGICUS, Antihemorrhagic. 
 
 ANTHECTICUS, Antihectio. 
 
 ANTHELIT'RAGUS, (F.) Antheli tragi en. 
 One of the proper muscles of the pavilion of 
 the ear. 
 
 ANT'HELIX, Anti-helix, from avn, 'before,' 
 and 't\L^, 'the helix.' An eminence on the car- 
 tilage of the ear, in front of the helix, and ex- 
 tending from the concha to the groove of the 
 helix, where it bifurcates. 
 
 A N T H E L M I N'T I C, Antihelmin'ticus, Anti- 
 scol'ious, Anthelmin'thicHS, Antiscolet'icus, Hel-, 
 min'thicus, Helminthago'gus, Antiverniirvo' sua, 
 Vermif'ugus, Ver'mifnge, from avn, 'against,' 
 and 'tXfiivs, 'a worm.' A remedy which de- 
 
ANTHEMA ERUPTIO 
 
 70 
 
 ANTHRAX 
 
 stroys or expels •worms, or prevents their for- | 
 mation and development. The chief anthel- 
 mintics are, Chenopodium, Mucuna, Oleum ani- 
 male Dippelii, Oleum Terebinthina, Sodii Chlo- 
 ridum, Spigelia, and Pulvis Stanni. See Worms. 
 ANTHEMA ERUPTIO, Esanthem. 
 AN'THEMIS COT'ULA, from av9£u), 'I flower.' 
 A.foe'tida sen Novehoracen' sis, Cot'ula, C.foe'tida, 
 Cota, Cynan'themis, ChamcBine'ltim foe'tidum seu 
 Chamomil'la spu'n'a seu foe'tida, Ifaru'ta Cot'ula, 
 Moyflovjer, 3Iciyiceed, Stinking Chamomile, Wild- 
 Cham' ornile, Dog's fennel, Dilly, Dilweed, Field- 
 weed, Pissweed. Ord. Compositas Corymbiferse. 
 Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Superflua. (F.) Jiarouie, 
 Camomille fetide, Camomille ptiante. 
 
 This plant Cot'ula, (Ph. U. S.), has a very dis- 
 agreeable smell, and the leaves have a strong, 
 acrid, bitterish taste. It is reputed to have been 
 us&fiil in hysterical affections. 
 Anthemis Fcetida, A. cotula. 
 An'themis No'bilis, An'themis, A. odora'ta, 
 Chamame'lum, Ch, No'bile seu odora'tum, Cha- 
 momil'la Boma'na, Eitan'themon, Leucan' themum, 
 (F.) Camomille Bomaine. The leaves and flowers. 
 — Anthemis, Ph. U. S. — have a strong smell, and 
 bitter, nauseous taste. The flowers are chiefly 
 used. They possess tonic and stomachic proper- 
 ties, and are much given as a pleasant and cheap 
 bitter. A simple infusion is taken to produce, or 
 to assist vomiting. Externally, they are often 
 used in fomentations. 
 
 The O'leiim Anthem' idis possesses the aromatic 
 properties of the plant, but not the bitter and 
 tonic. Consequently, the ' Chamomile Drops,' as 
 sold by the druggists, must be devoid of the lat- 
 ter qualities. They are made by adding 01. 
 anthem, f^j. to Sp. vini rectif. Oj. 
 
 Anthemis Noveboracencis, A. cotula — a. 
 Odorata, A. cotula. 
 
 An'themis Py'rethrum, Py'rethrum, P. veriim., 
 Anacyo'lus 2)yrethrum, Biiphthal'miim Cre'ticum, 
 Denta'ria, Herha snliva'ris, Pes Alexandri'nns, 
 Spanish Chamomile, Pellitory of Spain, (F.) Py- 
 rethre, Racine salivaire, Salivaire, Pied d' Alex- 
 andre. The root, Pyrethrum (Ph. U. S.), is hot 
 and acrid, its acrimony residing in a resinous 
 principle. It is never used except as a mastica- 
 tory in toothache, rheumatism of the foce, pa- 
 ralysis of the tongue, etc. It acts as a powerful 
 sialogogue. 
 
 The Pellitory of the shops in Germany is said 
 to be derived from Anacyo'lus officina' rum ; a 
 plant cultivated in Thuringia for medicinal pur- 
 poses. 
 
 An'themis Tincto'ria, Buphthal'mi Herha, 
 Dyer's Chamomile, a European plant, has a bitter 
 and astringent taste, and has been regarded as 
 stomachic and vulnerary. (F.) Camomille des 
 Teinturiers, CEil de Bccuf. 
 Anthemis Vulgaris, Matricaria Cbamorailla. 
 ANTHE'RA, from avByjpo;, so called from its 
 'florid' colour. A remedy compounded of several 
 substances — myrrh, sandarac, alum, saffron, etc. 
 It was used under the form of liniment, colly- 
 rium, electuarv, and powder. — Celsus, Galen. 
 ANTHEREOX, Mentum. 
 
 AXTHORA, Aconitum anthora — a. Vulgaris, 
 Aconitum anthora. 
 
 AXTHOPtlS'MA, from avn, 'against,' and 
 opiaixa, 'boundary.' Tumor diffu'sua. A tumour 
 without any defined margin. 
 
 AXTHOS, see Rosmarinus — a. Sylvestris, Le- 
 dum sylvestre. 
 
 ANTHRA'CIA, from av^pai, avBpaKo;, 'coal.' 
 Carbun'cnlar Exan'them. An eruption of tumors, 
 imperfectly suppurating, with indurated edges, 
 ftnd, for the most part, a sordid and sanious core. 
 A genus in the order Exanthematica, class JTcema- 
 tica of Good, and including Plague and Taws. 
 
 Anthracia, Anthraoosis — a. Pestis, Plague— 
 a. Rubula, Frambresia. 
 
 ANTHRACION, see Anthrax. 
 
 AN'THRACOID, Anthraco'des, from av5-pa|. 
 avdpaKo;, 'coal,' and ci&og, 'resemblance.' (F.) 
 Charhonneux. As black as coal. Accompanied 
 by or resembling anthrax. 
 
 ANTHRACOMA, Anthrax. 
 
 AXTHRAC0XECR0SI3, see Sphacelus. 
 
 ANTHRACOPHLYCTIS, see Anthrax. 
 
 ANTHRACOSIA, -\nthrax. 
 
 ANTHRACO'SIS, Anthra'cia, Carlo Palpe- 
 hra'rum, from avS-pa^, avOpaKog, 'a coal.' A spe- 
 cies of carbuncle, which attacks the eyelids and 
 globe of the eye. — Paulus of ^gina. Also, a 
 carbuncle of any kind. It has been used for the 
 "black lung of coal miners," which is induced 
 by carbonaceous accumulation in the lungs; 
 Pseudo-melanot'ic formation, (Carswell.) Matiere 
 noire des Povmons, Charhon pulmonaire. ^yhen 
 ulceration results from this cause, black phthisis, 
 (F.) Phthisie avec Melanose, exists. See Mela- 
 nosis. 
 
 Anthracosis Pulmontjm, see Melanosis. 
 
 ANTHRACOTTPHUS, Plague. 
 
 ANTHRAKOK'ALI, Lithanthrakok'ali, from 
 avQpa^, avdpaKog, 'coal,' and kali, 'potassa.' An 
 article introduced as a remedy in cutaneous dis- 
 eases. It is formed by dissolving carbonate of 
 potassa in 10 or 12 parts of boiling water, and 
 adding as much slacked lime as will separate the 
 potassa. The filtered liquor is placed on the fire 
 in an iron vessel, and suffered to evaporate, until 
 neither froth nor effervescence occurs, and the 
 liquid presents a smooth surface like oil. To 
 this, levigated coal is added in the proportion of 
 160 grammes to 192 grammes of potassa. The 
 mixture is stirred, and removed fmiu the fire, 
 and the stirring is continued, until a black homo- 
 geneous powder results. A sulphuretted anthra- 
 kokali is made by mixing accuratelj' 16 grammes 
 of sulphur with the coal, and dissolving the mix- 
 ture in the potassa, as directed above. The dose 
 of the simple and sulphuretted preparations is 
 about two grains three times a day. 
 
 AXTHRAX, avQpa^, 'a coal,' Antrax, Carlo, 
 Bnli'nus verns, Codesel'la, Erytke'ma gangrceno'- 
 sum, Grantris'tum, Prima, Per'sicus Ignis, Pyra, 
 Granatris'tum, Phyma Anthrax, Erythema an- 
 thrax, Carbun'culus, Aiithraco'sia, Anthraeo'ma, 
 Absces'sus gangranes' cens seu ganqrmno' sus, Fu- 
 run' cuius maliy'nns, F. gangrcBuo'sus, Carbuncle, 
 (F.) Oharlon. An inflammation, essentially gan- 
 grenous, of the cellular membrane and skin, 
 which may arise from an internal or external cause. 
 In the latter case it is called Anthra'cion, Vesic'- 
 ula gangrcBUes'cens, Anthracophlyc'tis, (F.) Pus- 
 tule maligne ; Bouton d'Alep, Feu Persiqne (Per- 
 sian fire), Malvat, Bouton malin. Puce maligna, and 
 is characterized at the outset by a vesication or 
 bleb filled with a sero-sanguinolent fluid, under 
 which a small induration is formed, surrounded 
 by an areolar inflammation, which becomes gan- 
 grenous. It has been thought by some to be in- 
 duced altogether by contact with the matter of 
 the carbuncle of animals, or of the exuviae of 
 the bodies of such as had died of the disease, 
 but it is now known to arise primarily in the 
 human subject. This form of carbuncle has re- 
 ceived different names, many of them from the 
 places where it has prevailed: — Carbun'cidus 
 contagio'sus seu Gal'licus seu Hunga'ricus seu 
 Polon'icus seu Sepitentriona'lis, 3forbus pustulo'sus 
 Fin'nicus, Pus'tula gangrcenosa seu Liv'ida Es- 
 tho'nicB, Pemphigus Hungar'icus, Puce de Botir- 
 gogne. 
 
 Anthrax is a malignant boil, and its treatment 
 is similar to that which is required in case of 
 gangrene attacking a part. 
 
ANTHRISCUS CEREFOLIUM 71 
 
 ANTICOMMA 
 
 Anthrax Pulmonum, Neeropneumonia. 
 
 ANTHRISCUS CEREFOLIUM, Scandix ce- 
 refolium — a. Humilis, Chserophyllutn Sylvestre 
 — a. Procerus, Chserophyllum Sylvestre. 
 
 ANTimOPE, Cutis. 
 
 ANTHROPIAT'RICA (MED ICIISr A), from 
 Mi'/u.^-i , 'man,' and larpog, 'a physician.' Me- 
 dicine applied to man, in contradistinction to 
 animals. 
 
 ANTHROPOCHEMIA, Chymistry (human). 
 
 ANTHROPOCHYMY, Chymistry (human). 
 
 ANTHROPOGEN'IA, Anthrojwgen'esis, An- 
 fliropoy"eny, Genean'thropy, from avSrfnonog, 'man,' 
 undyivtais, 'generation.' The knowledge, or study, 
 or phenomena of human generation. 
 
 ANTHROPO G'RAP'HY, Anthropograph'ia, 
 from ai'6f)w-of, 'man,' and ypacpv, 'a description.' 
 Anthropology. A description of the human body. 
 
 AN'THROPOID, Anthropioi'des, from av9pu}nos, 
 ' man,' and eiSog, 'resemblance.' Resembling man : 
 — as the ape. 
 
 ANTHROPOL'ITHUS, from avSpm-os, 'man,' 
 and A(9os, 'a stone.' The petrifaction of the 
 human body or of any of its parts. Morbid con- 
 cretions in the human body. 
 
 ANTHROPOL'OGY, Anthropoloc/"{a, from 
 rtv^-pwTTOf, 'man,' and Aoyof, 'a discourse.' A 
 treatise on man. By some, this word is used for 
 the science of the structure and functions of the 
 human body. .Frequently, it is employed synony- 
 mously with Natural History and Physiology of 
 Man. 
 
 A N T H R POMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism, 
 animal. 
 
 ANTHROPOMANCY, Anthropomanti'a, from 
 avSpw-nog, 'a man,' and fiavTtia, 'divination.' Di- 
 vination by inspecting the entrails of a dead man. 
 
 ANTHROPOM'ETRY, from ai^SpoiTros, 'a man,' 
 and fttrpov, 'measure.' Measurement of the di- 
 mensions of the different parts of the human body. 
 
 ANTHROPOMORPHOLOGY, Anatomy (de- 
 scriptive). 
 
 ANTHROPOMORPHUS, Atropa mandragora. 
 
 ANTHROPON'OMY, Anthroponom'ia, from 
 av^pojTTog, 'man,' and voyiog, 'law.' A knowledge 
 of the special laws which preside over the func- 
 tions of the human body in action. 
 
 ANTHROPOPH'AGUS, (F.) AnthropopJiage, 
 from avSp(i)Tro5, 'a man,' and (payut, 'I eat.' A 
 name given to one who eats his own species. 
 
 ANTHROPOPH'AGY, Anthropo2}ha'gia, same 
 etymon. The custom of eating Imman flesh. A 
 disease in which there is great desire to eat it. 
 
 ANTHROPOS, Homo. 
 
 ANTHROPOSCOPIA, Physiognomy. 
 
 ANTHROPOTOMY, Andranatomia. 
 
 ANTHUS, Flos. 
 
 ANTHYPNOT'IC, Anthyimot'icus, AntiJiyp- 
 not'ic, Agrypnot'ic, from avri, 'against,' and 
 'vTvwTLKoi, 'stupefying.' A remedy for stupor. 
 
 ANTHYPOCHON'DRIAC, AntJtypoclwndri'- 
 actis, from avTi, 'against,' and 'vi:o;)(^ovSiiiaKo;, 'hy- 
 pochondriac' A remedy for hypochondriasis. 
 
 ANTHYSTER'IC, Antihyster'ie, Antihyster'- 
 icus, from avn, 'against,' and 'varEpa, 'the ute- 
 rus.' A remedy for hysteria. 
 
 ANTI, avTi, as a prefix, in composition, gene- 
 Tally means 'opposition.' 
 
 ANTIADES, Tonsils. 
 
 ANTIADITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
 
 ANTIADON'CUS, from avnah;, 'the tonsils.' 
 and o'yKos, 'tumour.' A swelling of the tonsils. 
 — Swediaur. Anti'ager has a, similar meaning. 
 
 Antiadoncus Inflaifmatorius, Cynanche ton- 
 sillaris. 
 
 AWnkV0Vl,'EC"HC,Antiapoplec'ticu8,Anta- 
 2yoplec'ticus, Apjoplec'ticus, from avri, 'against,' 
 and aTToirhjiia, 'apoplexy.' A remedy for apo- 
 plexy. 
 
 ANTIARTS TOXICARIA, see Upas. 
 
 ANTIARTHRIT'IC, Antarthrit'ic, Antiar- 
 thrit'iciis, Antipodag'ric, from avrt, 'against,' 
 and ap^piTts, 'the gout,' (F.) Antigoutteux. A 
 remedy for gout. 
 
 ANTIASTHEN'IC, Anfiaxthcti'icus, from avn, 
 'against,' and aaOevua, 'debility.' A remedy for 
 debility. 
 
 ANTIASTHMAT'IC, Antiasthmat'ics, A„t- 
 asthmat'icus, from avn, 'against,' and aaS^pa, 
 'asthma.' A remedy for asthma. 
 
 ANTIATROPHICUS, Antatrophic. 
 
 ANTIBALLOxMENUM, Succedaneum. 
 
 AA^TIBDELLA, Antlia sanguisuo-a, 
 
 ANTIBECHICUS, Expectorant." 
 
 A N T I B R A'C H I A L, Antibrachiu'lis. That 
 which concerns the fore-arm.— Bichat. J. Clo- 
 quet suggests that the word should be written an- 
 tebrachial, from ayiie, 'before,' and brachium, 
 'the arm' — as antebrachial region, antebrachial 
 aponenrosis, &c. 
 
 Antebra'chial Aponeuro'sis, (F.) Aponev- 
 rose antebrachiale, is a portion of the aponeurotic 
 sheath which envelops the whole of the upper 
 limb. It arises from the brachial aponeurosis, 
 from a fibrous expansion of the tendon of the 
 biceps muscle, from the epicondyle, epitrochlea, 
 and, behind, from the tendon of the triceps bra- 
 chialis. Within, it is inserted into the cubitus, 
 etc.; and, below, is confounded with the two an- 
 nular ligaments of the carpus. It is covered by 
 the skin, by veins, lymphatics, and by filaments 
 of superficial nerves ; it covers the muscles of the 
 fore-arm, adheres to them, and sends between 
 them several fibrous septa, which serve them for 
 points of insertion. 
 
 ANTIBRACHIUM, Fore-arm. 
 
 ANTIBRO'MIC, Antibro'micus, from avri, 
 'against,' and ISpaixo;, 'foetor.' A Deo'dorizer. 
 An agent that destroys offensive odours — as 
 chloride of zinc, simple sulphate of alumina, &c. 
 
 ANTICACHEC'TIC, Anticachec'ticus, Antica- 
 cochym'ic, from avri, 'against,' and «:a;^4ia, 'ca- 
 chexy.' A remedy against cachexy. 
 
 ANTICACOCHYMIc, Anticachectic. 
 
 ANTICAK'CEROUS, Anticancero' sns, Anti- 
 cancro'sus, Anticarcinom' atous, Antischir'rous, 
 from avTi, 'against, and KapKivui/^a, 'cancer,' car- 
 cinoma. Opposed to cancer. 
 
 ANTICANCROSUS, Anticancerous. 
 
 ANTICARCINOxMATOUS, Anticancerous. 
 
 ANTICARDIUM, Fosaette du cceur, Serobieu- 
 lus cordis. 
 
 ANTICATAR'RHAL, Anticatarrha'li.,, Anti- 
 catarrho'icus, from avri, 'against,' and Karappos, 
 ' catarrh.' A remedy for catarrh. 
 
 ANTICAUSOD'IC, Anticausot'ic, Anticau- 
 Bod'icus, from avTi, 'against,' and Kavco;, 'a burn- 
 ing fever.' A remedy for causus or inflammatory 
 fever. 
 
 ANTICAUSOTIC, Anticausodie. 
 
 ANTICHEIR, Pollex, see Digitus. 
 
 ANTICHCERADICUS, Antiscrofulous. 
 
 ANTICHOL'ERIC, Antichohr'icus, from avri, 
 'against/ and cholera. A remedy against cho- 
 lera. 
 
 ANTICHOLERICA, Sophora heptnphylla. 
 
 ANTIC'IPATIiSTG, Antic"ip,ans, Ante2^o'nens, 
 Prolept'icus, (F.) Anticipant. An epithet for a 
 periodical phenomenon, recurring at progress- 
 ively shorter intervals. An anticipating lixter- 
 mittent is one in which the intervals between the 
 paroxysms become progressively less. 
 
 ANTICNEMIUM, Shin. 
 
 ANTICCEUR, Scrobiculus cordis. 
 
 ANTICOL'IC, Anticol'icus, from avn, 'against,' 
 and KwXiKos, 'the colic' That which is opposed 
 to colic. 
 
 ANTICOMMA, Contre-coup. 
 
ANTICOPE 
 
 72 
 
 ANTIMOINE 
 
 ANTICOPE, Contre-cnup. 
 
 ANTICOPOSCOPIUxM, Pleximeter. 
 
 ANTICRUSIS, Contre-covp. 
 
 ANTICRUSMA, Contre-coup). 
 
 ANTICUS, Anterior. 
 
 ANTIDARTREUX, Antiherpetic. 
 
 ANTIDEIXIS, Counter-indication. 
 
 ANTIDIAPlPlHCE'IC, Antxdiarrhce'icus. A 
 remedy for diarrhoea. Opposed to diarrhoea. 
 
 ANTID'INIC, Antidin'icus, Din'ic, Din'icus, 
 fromav7(, ' against/ and iivoq, 'vertigo.' Opposed 
 to vertigo. 
 
 AN'TIDOTAL, Antidota'lia, same etymon as 
 antidote. Relating to an antidote > possessed of 
 the powers of an antidote. 
 
 ANTIDOTA'RIUx¥, from avniorov, 'an anti- 
 dote.' A dispensatory. A pharmacopoeia or for- 
 mulary. As'tidotary was used formerly for any 
 composition that had the properties of an anti- 
 dote. 
 
 AXTIDOTARY, see Antidotarium. 
 
 AN'TIDOTE, ^»nVZ'o<Hm,from avn, 'against, 
 and 5iSii)iJi, '1 give.' Originally, this word signi- 
 fied an internal remedy. It is now used synony- 
 mously with counter-poison, antiphar' macum, (F.) 
 Gontre-pioison, and signifies any remedy capable 
 of combating the effect of poison. 
 
 A List of reputed Antidotes. 
 
 1. 51EIALS. 
 
 Iron Filings. 
 Zinc Jj'ilings. 
 
 2. Acids. 
 
 Tannic Acid. 
 
 Acetic or Citric Acid. 
 
 3. Salts. 
 Alkaline or Earthy Sul- 
 phates. 
 
 Chloride of Sodium. 
 Hypochlorite of Soda or 
 of Lime. 
 
 4. Alkalises. 
 Ammonia. 
 
 Carbonates of Ammonia. 
 Carbonates of Soda. 
 Magne.iia. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesia. 
 Lime Water. 
 
 Chalk. 
 Soap. 
 
 5. SULPHCEETS. 
 
 Sulphuretted Hj-drogen, 
 
 dispolved in water. 
 Sulphuret of Pota.ssium. 
 
 6. Haloids. 
 Chlorine. 
 
 7. JIetallic Oxides. 
 
 Hydrated Sesqui-oxide of 
 
 Iron. 
 Mixed Oxides of Iron. 
 
 8. Organic Substances. 
 Albuminous Substances, 
 
 (Albumen, Casein, and 
 
 Gluten.) 
 Starch. 
 Oil. 
 
 Animal Charcoal. 
 
 ANTIDOTUM HERACLIDIS, Enneaphar- 
 macos — a. Mithridatium, Mithridate. 
 
 ANTIDYXAMICA, Debilitants. 
 
 ANTIDYNOUS, Anodyne. 
 
 ANTIDYSENTER'IC, Antidysenter'icus, from 
 ivn, 'against,' ivi, 'with difficulty,' and evrepov, 
 'intestine.' Opposed to dysentery. 
 
 ANTIEMET'IC, Antemet'ie, Antiemet'icus, 
 from avTi, 'against,' and cjictiko^, 'emetic' A 
 remedy for vomiting. 
 
 ANTIEPHIAL'TIC or ANTEPHIAL'TIC, 
 Antiephial'ticns, from avn, 'against,' and €<J3ia\Tris, 
 'nightmare.' A remedy for nightmare. 
 
 ANTIEPILEP'TIC or ANTEPILEP'TIC, 
 Antiepilepj'ticiLS, from avn, 'against,' and c-ki- 
 "Krixliia, 'epilepsy.' A remedy for epilepsy. 
 
 ANTIFEBRILIS, Febrifuge. 
 
 ANTIGALAC'TIC, Antigalac'ticus, Antilac'- 
 feiis, from avn, 'against,' and ya\a, yaXaKTo?, 
 'milk.' (F.) Antilaiteiix. Opposed to the secre- 
 tion of milk or to diseases caused by the milk. 
 
 ANTIG'ONI COLLYP.'IUM NIGRUM, Black 
 coUyriiim of AsTiG'oyus. It was composed of 
 eadmia, antimony, pepper, verdigris, gum Arabic, 
 and water. 
 
 ANTIGUA, see West Indies. 
 
 ANTIH^3I0PTYICUS, AnthEemnptyious. 
 
 ANTIHEC'TIC, Antihec'ticus, Antkec'ticus, 
 from avn, 'against/ and 'e^ii, ' habit of body.' 
 
 The AntiTiec'ticum Pote'rii is the white oxyd of 
 antimony ; also called Diaphoret'icum Jovia'le. 
 
 ANTIHELIX, Anthelix. 
 
 ANTIHELMINTICUS, Anthelmintic. 
 
 ANTIHEMORRHAG"IC, AntihcBniorrhag". 
 icus, AnihcBniorrhag"icus, from avrt, 'against,' 
 and 'atjiopjjayta, 'hemorrhage.' That which is 
 against hemorrhage ; an antihemorrhagic re- 
 medy. 
 
 ANTIR'EMO^'RBOIJ)' A'L,AntihcBmorr7ioida'. 
 Zi's, from avTt, 'against,' and 'aifioppoiits, 'hemor- 
 rhoids.' A remedy for hemorrhoids. 
 
 ANTIHERPET'IC, Antiheipet'icus, from avrt, 
 'against,' and 'tfi-cg, 'herpes.' {F.) Antidartreux. 
 A remedy for herpes. 
 
 ANTIHYDROPHOB'IC, AntihydropTioh'iexis, 
 Antilys' sua, Alys'sus, frova avrt, 'against,' 'vhwji, 
 'water,' and folios, 'dread.' A remedy for hydro- 
 phobia. 
 
 ANTIHYDROP'IC, Aniihy drop' icus, Hydrop'- 
 icus, from avn, 'against,' and 'vSpwip, ' dropsy.' A 
 remedy for dropsy. 
 
 ANTIHYPNOTIC, Anthypnotie. 
 
 ANTIHYSTERIC, Anthysteric. 
 
 ANTI-ICTERIC, Anti-icter'icus, . Icter'icua, 
 from avTi, ' against,' and iKrepo;, 'jaundice.' A 
 remedy for iaundice. 
 
 ANTI-IMPETIGENES, SOLOMON'S, see 
 Liquor Hydrargyri oxymuriatis. 
 
 ANTILABIUM, Prolabium, see Antelabia. 
 
 ANTILACTEUS, Antiealactic. 
 
 ANTILAITEUX, Antrgalactic. 
 
 ANTILEP'SIS, Appjrehen'sio, from avriXu/i- 
 jSavui, 'I take hold of.' The mode of attaching a 
 bandage over a diseased part, by fixing it upon 
 the sound part:s. — Hippocrates. The mode of 
 securing bandages, ic, from slipping. Treat- 
 ment by revulsion or derivation. 
 
 ANTILETHAR'GIC, Antilethar'gicus, from 
 avn, 'against,' and \r]6apyiKos, 'affected with 
 lethargy.' A remedy for lethargy. 
 
 ANTILITH'ICS, Antilith'ica, Lith'ica, from 
 avTi, ' against,' and ^idog, 'a stone.' A substance 
 that prevents the formation of calculi in the uri- 
 nary organs. 
 
 The chief antilithics — according as the calculi 
 are lithic acid or phosphatic — are alkalies or 
 acids; with revellents, especially change of air ; 
 tonics, as diosma crenata[?], and uva ursi[?]. 
 
 ANTILLY, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 celebrated French medicinal spring, near Meaux, 
 in France. The waters have not been analyzed; 
 but astonishing and chimerical effects have been 
 ascribed to them. 
 
 ANTILOBIUM, Antitragus, Tragus. 
 
 ANTILOI'MIC, Antiloi' micus, Anfiloe'mic, An- 
 tipestilentia'lis, from avn, 'against,' and Xotpio;, 
 ' the plagrue.' A remedy for the plague. 
 
 ANTILO'PUS. The An'telope. (F.) Gazelle, 
 from avdos, 'a flower,' and wip, 'the eye' — so 
 called from its beautiful eye. An African animal, 
 whose hoofs and horns were formerly given in 
 hysteric and epileptic cases. 
 
 ANTILYSSUS, Antihydrophobic. 
 
 ANTIMEL'ANCHOLIC, Antimelanchol'icus, 
 from avTi, 'against,' and iiiXay)(^o\ia, 'melan- 
 choly.' A remedy for melancholj'. 
 
 ANTIMEPHIT'IC, Antimephit'icus,irQm avrt, 
 'against,' and mepliific. A remedy against me- 
 phitic or deleterious gases. 
 
 ANTIMIASMAT'IC, Antimiasmat'icus, from 
 avn, 'against,' and p.iaafia, fiiaajiarog, 'miasma.' 
 A remedy against miasmatic affections. 
 
 ANTIMOINE, Antimonium — a. Beurre d', 
 Antimonium muriatum — a. Chlorure d', Antimo- 
 nium muriatum — a. Oxide d', Algaroth — a. Oxide 
 hlanc d\ Antimonium diaphoreticum — a. Smifre 
 dore d', Antimonii sulphuretum prsecipitatum — 
 a. Sidfure d', Antimonium — a, Sulfure, hydrosul- 
 
ANTIMONIAL 
 
 73 
 
 ANTIMONIUxM 
 
 phure rouge d', Antimonii sulphuretum rubrum 
 — a. Verre d', Antimonii vitrum. 
 
 ANT1M0''S1 ALyAntinomia' Us, Sdhia'lis, from 
 anttinonium, 'antimony.' A composition into 
 which antimony enters. A preparation of anti- 
 mony. 
 
 ANTiJfo'NiAL Powder, Pulms antimonia'lis, 
 Ox'idum aiitimo'nii cicm phos'pkate calcis, Phos- 
 phas calcis stibia'tus seu cal'cicum stibin'tum, 
 Pul'vis Jame'sii seu stibia'tus seu de phos'pkate 
 calcis et stib'ii comjjositus, Factitious James's 
 Powder, Schwanberg's Fever Powder, Chene- 
 Vix's AntimoniaJ Powder, (F.) Poudre antimo- 
 niale composee ou de James. A peroxide of an- 
 timony combined with phosphate of lime. [Take 
 of common sidphuret of antimony , Ibj ; hartshorn 
 shavings, Ibij. Roast in an iron pot, until they 
 form a gray powder. Put this into a long pot, 
 with a small hole in the cover. Keep it in a red 
 heat for two hours, and grind to a fine powder.) 
 This preparation has long been esteemed as a 
 febrifuge: but it is estremel}' uncertain in its 
 action. The ordinary dose is 6 or 8 grains. 
 
 ANTIMOXIALE CAUSTICUM, Antimonium 
 muriatum. 
 
 ANTIMOXIATUM SULPHUR, Antimonii 
 sulphuretum prseeipitatum — a. Tartar, Antimo- 
 nium tartarizntum. 
 
 ANTIMOXII BUTYRUM, Antimonium mu- 
 riatum — a. Calx, Antimonium diaphoreticum — a. 
 Cerussa, Antimonium diaphoreticum — a. et Po- 
 tassae tartras, Antimonium tartarizatum — a. Mu- 
 rias, Antimonium muriatum — a. Oleum, Antimo- 
 nium muriatum — a. Oxydulum hydrosulphuratum 
 aurantiacum, Antimonii sulphuretum praeipita- 
 tum — a. Oxydum, see Algaroth — a. Oxydum aura- 
 tum, Antimonii sulphuratum prseeipitatum — a. 
 Oxydum nitro-muriatieum, Algaroth — a. Oxydum 
 cum sulphure vitrifactum, Antimonii vitrum — a. 
 Oxydum sulphuretum vitrifactum, Antimonii vi- 
 trum — a. Oxysulphuretum, A. sulphuretum prseei- 
 pitatum — a. Potassio-tartras, Antimonium tartari- 
 zatum — a. Regulus medicinalis, Antimonium me- 
 dicinale — a. Sal, Antimonium tartarizatum — a. 
 Sulphur auratum, Antimonii sulphuretum praj- 
 eipitatum — a. Sulphur praseipitatum, Antimonii 
 sulphuretum prseeipitatum — a. Sulphuretum, 
 Antimonium. 
 
 Axtimo'nii Sclphure'tum PrvEcipita'tum, 
 Sulphur antimoma'tum, Hi/drosulphure'tum sti- 
 bio'sum cum sul'phure, Oxo'des stib'ii sulphura'- 
 tum, Oxi/d'ulum antimo'nii hydrosnlphura'tum 
 auranti'acum, Ox'ydnm aura'tura atitimo'm'i, Sul- 
 phure'titm stib'ii oxydula'ti, Hydro-sulfure'twn 
 lu'teum ox'ydi stib'ii sulfura'ti. Sulphur antimo'- 
 nii prcBcipita'tum, Sulphur aara'tum antimo'nii, 
 Golden SnlpAur of Antimony. 
 
 Antinio' nii Sulpihure'tum PrcRcipitatum, A. Oxy- 
 sxdphuretum, (F.) Soufre dore d'Antimoine, of the 
 London Pharmacopoeia, is nearly the same as the 
 old Kermes or Chermes Mineral. It is a powder 
 of an orange colour, of a metallic, styptic taste. 
 It is emetic, diaphoretic, and cathartic, according 
 to the dose; and has been chiefly used in chronic 
 rheumatism, and in cutaneous affections. Dose, 
 gr. j to gr. iv. 
 
 Antimonii Sulphuretum PrcBcipitntum, of the 
 United States Pharmacopoeia, is made by boiling 
 together Sulphuret of Antimony, in fine powder, 
 Solution of Potassa, and distilled water ; strain- 
 ing the liquor while hot, and dropping into it 
 Diluted Sulpihuric Acid so long as it produces a 
 precipitate. 
 
 Antimo'nii Sulphure'tum Rcbrum, i?ec? SuV- 
 phuret of Antimony, Hydrosulfure'tum stib'ii 
 rubrum, Sub-hydrosul'fas stib'ii,Hydro-sidphure'- 
 tum, 7-ubrum stib'ii sulphura'ti, Pulcis Carthusia- 
 no'rum, Kermes or Chermes mineral, (F.) Hydro- 
 sulfure rouge d'Antimoine sulfure, Vermilion de 
 
 Provence. Properties the same as the last. Dose, 
 gr. j to gr. iv. 
 
 Axtimoxii Tartras, Antimonium tartarizatum 
 — a. Tartras et Potassse, Antimonium tartarizatum 
 — a. Vitrum hyacinthinum, Antimonii vitrum — a. 
 Tersulphuretum, Antimonium. 
 
 Antimo'iMI Vitrum, Glass of Antimony, Anti- 
 mo'nii ox'ydum sulphure' turn vitrifac'tum, Ox'- 
 ydum stib'ii semivit'reum, Antimo'nium vitrifac'- 
 tum, Ox'ydum antimo'nii cum sul'phure vitrifac- 
 tum, Vitrum stib'ii, Antimo'nii vitrum hyricin'- 
 thinum, Oxyd'ulum stib'ii vitrea'tum, (F.) Verre 
 d'Antimoine. (Formed by roasting powdered 
 common antimony in a shallow vessel, over a 
 gentle fire, till it is of a whitish gray colour, and 
 emits no fumes in a red heat; then melting it, on 
 a quick fire, into a clean, brownish red glass.) 
 It has been used for preparing the tartarized 
 antimony and antimonial wine. 
 
 ANTIMONIOUS ACID, Antimonium diapho- 
 reticum. 
 
 ANTIMO'NIUM, of unknown derivation ; by 
 some supposed to be from avn, 'against,' and 
 liovos, 'alone;' i. e. not found alone: or, accord- 
 ing to others, from am, 'against,' and moine, 'a 
 monk;' because, it is asserted, certain monks 
 suffered much from it. Stibi, Stib'ium, Reg'ulus 
 Antimo'nii, Minera'lium, Gyncece' urn , JIagne'sia 
 Satur'ni, Marcasi'ta plum'bea, PlatyojjhthaV mon, 
 Stim'mi, Aiirum lepro'sum, Antimo'nium crudum, 
 Antimo'nii sulphure' turn (Ph. U. S.), A. Tersul- 
 phure'tnm, Suljjhure'tum stib'ii nigrum. Common 
 or Crude Antimony, Sulphuret of Antimony, (F.) 
 Antimoine, Sulfure d'Antimoine. Sulphuret of 
 antimony is the ore from which all the prepara- 
 tions of antimony are formed. In Pharmacy, it 
 is the native sesquisulphuret of antimony, puri- 
 fied by fusion. When prepared fur medical use, 
 by trituration and levigation, it forms a powder, 
 Antimo'nii sidphure'tum p>''CEpnra'tum, (Ph. D.) 
 of a black, or bluish gray colour, which is inso- 
 luble. It is slightly diaphoretic and alterative, 
 and has been used in chronic rheumatism, cuta- 
 neous diseases, &c. 
 
 Antimonium Album, Bismuth — a. Calcinatum, 
 Antimonium diaphoreticum. 
 
 Antimo'nium Diaphoret'icum, Diaphoret'ic 
 Antimony, Antimo'nious Acid, Min'eral Bez'oard,- 
 Antimo'nium Calcina'tum, Mineral Diaphoret'ic, 
 Matiere perlee de Kerkring, Peroxide of Anti- 
 mony, Calx Antimo'nii, Antimo'nium diaphoret'- 
 icum latum, Cerus'sa Antimo'nii, Calx Antimo'nii 
 elo'ta, Oxo'des stib'ii album, Ox'ydum stibio' sum, 
 Ox'ydAim stib'ii album median'te nitro confectum, 
 Potassa biantimo'nias, Deutoxide of Antimony, 
 (F.) Oxide blanc dJ Antimoine prepare par le 
 rnoyen du nitre. [Common antimony, ibj; purified 
 nitre, Ibiij. — Throw it by spoonfuls into a red-hot 
 crucible; powder and wash. The flowers tbat 
 stick to the side of the crucible must be carefully 
 separated, otherwise they render it emetic) 
 Dose, gr. x. to xxx. 
 
 Antimonium Emeticum, A. tartarizatum. 
 
 Antimo'nium Medicina'le, Reg'xdus Antimo'- 
 nii Medicina'lis, Medic"inal Eeg'ulus of Anti- 
 mony. [Antimon. suljihur. ^v Potass, subcarb. 
 §i Sodii chlorid. ^iv. Powder, mi.x, and melt. 
 When cold, separate the scoriae at top, powder 
 the mass, and wash it well.) It is conceived to 
 be more active than common antimony. 
 
 Antimo'nium Muria'tum, Antimu'nii Mu'rias, 
 Chlor'uret of An'timony, Chlorure'tum stib'ii, 
 Spuma trium draco'nnm, Deuto-murias stib'ii 
 sublima'tns. Butter of Antimony, Muriate of An- 
 timony, Chloride of Antimony, Buty'rum Antimo'- 
 nii seu stib'ii, O'leum Antimo'nii, Cans' ticum anti- 
 monia'le, Antimonium suli'tum, (F.) Chlorure 
 d'Antimoine, Beurre d' Antimoine. (Common an- 
 
ANTIMONY 
 
 74 
 
 ANTIPHYSICAL 
 
 timony and corrosive sublimate, of each equal 
 parts : grind together, and distil in a wide-necked 
 retort, and let the butyraoeous matter, that comes 
 over, run, in a moist place, to a liquid oil.) A 
 caustic, but not much used as such. Sometimes 
 taken as poison. 
 
 Antimonidm Salitum, Antimonium muriatum. 
 Antimo'nidm Tartariza'tum, Tartras anti- 
 mo'nii, Tartras Anfimo'nii et Potasses, Antimo'- 
 nii et Potassm Tartras (Ph. U. S.), Antimo'nii 
 potas'sio-tartras, Tartris Antimo'nii, Tartar An- 
 timonia' turn, Sal Antimo'nii, Tartras Potas'scB 
 stibio'sus seu stihia'lis, Tartris lixiv'icB stihia'tus, 
 Deato-tartras potas'scB et stih'ii, Tar'tarus eniet'- 
 icus seu stihia'tus, Tar'tarum emet'icum, Antinio'- 
 nium emet'icum, Tar' tarizecl An'timony, Tartrate 
 of Antimony and potas'sa, Potassio-tartrate of 
 Antimony, Eniet'ic Tartar, Tartar Emetic, (F.) 
 Tartre stihie, Tartre Enetique, Emetique ; in 
 some parts of the United States, vulgarly and 
 improperly called Tartar: (Made by digesting 
 aulphuret of antimony in a mixture of nitric and 
 mjiriatic acids with the aid of heatj filtering the 
 liquor, and pouring it into water: freeing the 
 precipitate from acid, by washing and drying it ; 
 adding this powder to hitartrate of potassa in 
 boiling dintilled water ; boiling for an hour, and 
 after filtering the liquor while hot, setting it 
 aside to crystallize. — Ph. U. S.) Tartarized an- 
 timony is emetic, sometimes cathartic and dia- 
 phoretic. Externally, it is rubefacient, and in 
 the form of ointment, more especially unguentum 
 anti'monii is used to cause pustulation. Dose, as 
 an emetic, gr. j to gr. iv in solution: as a dia- 
 phoretic, gr. one-sixteenth to gr. one-quarter. 
 
 The empirical preparation, called Norris's 
 Drops, consists of a solution of tartarized anti- 
 mony in rectified spirit, disguised by the addi- 
 tion of some vegetable colouring matter. 
 
 Antimonium Vitrifactum, Antimonii vitrum. 
 ANTIMONY, Antimonium — a. Butter of, 
 Antimonium muriatum — a. Chloride of, Anti- 
 monium muriatum — a. Chloruret of, Antimo- 
 nium muriatum — a. Common, Antimonium — 
 a. Crude, Antimonium — a. Deutoxide of, Anti- 
 monium diaphoreticum — a. Flowers of. Alga- 
 roth — a. Glass of, Antimonii vitrum — a. Golden 
 sulphur of, Antimonii sulphuretum prsecipitatum 
 — a. Medicinal regulus of, Antimonium medici- 
 nale — a. Muriate of, Antimonium muriatum — a. 
 Peroxide of, Antimonium diaphoreticum — a. 
 Potassio-tartrate of, Antimonium tartarizatum — 
 a. Sulphuret of, red, Antimonii sulphuretum ru- 
 Ijrum — a. Tartarized, Antimonium tartarizatum — 
 a. Terchloride of, see Algaroth — a. Teroxide of, 
 see Algaroth — a. Vegetable, Eupatorium perfoli- 
 atum. 
 
 Antimony and Potassa, Tartrate of, Anti- 
 monium tartarizatum. 
 
 ANTINEPHRIT'IC, Antinephret'ic, Antine- 
 pliret'icus, from avn, 'against,' and v£(pptTi;, 'ne- 
 phritis.' Aremedvfor inflammaiion of the kidney. 
 ANTINEURO'PATHIC, Nervine. 
 ANTINEUROTIC, Nervine. 
 ANTINIAD, see Antinial. 
 ANTIN'IAL, from avn, 'against,' and iviov, 
 'the ridge of the occiput.' An epithet for an 
 aspect towards the side opposite to the inion, or 
 ridge of the occiput. — Barclay. Antiniad is used 
 adverbially by the same writer, to signify 'to- 
 wards the antinial aspect.' 
 
 ANTI'OCHI HI'ERA. A preparation ex- 
 tolled by the ancients in melancholy, hydropho- 
 bia, epilepsy, &c. It was formed of germander, 
 agaric, pulp of colocynth, Arabian scoechas, opo- 
 ponax, sagapenum, parsley, aristolochia, white 
 pepper, cinnamon, lavender, myrrh, honey, &c. 
 
 Antiochi Theriaca. A theriac employed by 
 Antiocbus against every kind of poison. It was 
 
 composed of thyme, opoponax, millet, trefoil, 
 fennel, aniseed, nigella sativa, &c. 
 
 ANTIODONTAL'GIC, Antodontal'gic, Anto- 
 dontal'gicus, Odontal'gie, Odont'ic, Antiodontal'- 
 gicus, from avn 'against,' and oSovraXyia, ' tooth- 
 ache.' A remedy for toothache. 
 
 ANTIORGAS'TIC, Antiorgas'ticus, from avrt, 
 'against,' and opyaui, 'I desire vehemently.' A 
 remedy for orgasm or erethism, and for irritation 
 in general. 
 
 ANTIPARALYT'IC, Antiparalyt'icus, from 
 avTi, 'against,' and TrapaXvatg, 'palsy.' Opposed 
 to palsy. 
 
 ANTIPARASITIC, Antipyarasit'icns, Anti- 
 phtheiriacns, Pkthi'rius, Parasit'icide ; from avTi, 
 ' against,' and ^rapaairo;, 'a parasite.' An agent 
 that destroys parasites, as the different vermin 
 that infest the body. The chief antiparasitics 
 are Coccnlus, Staphisagria, Veratrum album, and 
 certain of the mercurial preparations. 
 
 ANTIPARASTATI'TIS, from avn, 'opposite,' 
 and napaaraTrii, ' the epididymis ;' also, ' the pros- 
 tate,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of Cowper's glands. 
 
 ANTIPATHI'A, from qitj, 'against,' and naOo;, 
 'passion, afi'ection.' Aversion. A natural re- 
 pugnance to any person or thing. 
 
 ANTIPATH'IC, Antipafh'icus, (F.) Antipu- 
 thiqiie. Belonging to antipathy. Opposite, con- 
 trary, — as hnmeurs antipathiques ; humours op- 
 posed to each other. Also, palliatives. 
 
 ANTIP'ATRI THERIACA, Theriac of An- 
 tip'ater. a farrago of more than 40 articles : 
 used as an antidote against the bites of serpents. 
 
 ANTIPERIOD'IC, Antiperiod'icus, Antityp'- 
 ?'cus, from avTi, 'against,' and litpioboi;, 'period.' 
 A remedy which possesses the power of arresting 
 morbid periodical movements ; — e. g. the sulphate 
 of quinia in intermittents. 
 
 ANTIPERISTAL'TIC, Antiperistal'tiens, An- 
 tivermic'idar, from avn, 'against,' and -reptaTcWoi, 
 'I contract.' An inverted action of the inte.stinal 
 tube. 
 
 ANTIPERIS'TASIS,from avn, 'against,' and 
 n-E/jtorao-is, 'reunion, aggregation.' A union of 
 opposite circumstances : the action of two con- 
 trary qualities, one of which augments the force 
 of the other. The peripateticians asserted, that 
 it is by Antiperistasis, that fire is hotter in winter 
 than in summer. Theophrastus attributes the 
 cause, which renders man more vigorous, and 
 makes him digest more readily in winter, to the 
 augmentation of heat caused by Antiperistasis. 
 
 ANTIPER'NIUS, from avn, 'against,' and 
 Pernio, 'a chilblain.' A remedy against chil- 
 blains ; — as Unguen'tum antiper'nium, an oint- 
 ment for chilblains. 
 
 ANTIPERTUSSIS, see Zinci sulphas. 
 
 ANTIPESTILENTIALIS, Antiloimic. 
 
 ANTIPHARMACUS. Alexipharmic. 
 
 ANTIPHLOGIS'TIC, AntijMogis'ticus, Plilo- 
 go'gus, from avn, ' against,' and ^Atyoj, ' I burn.' 
 Opposed to inflammation; as Antiphlogistic re- 
 medies, A. regimen, &c. 
 
 ANTIPHTHEIRIACA, Antiphthiriaca, from 
 avn, 'against,' and ^S-uptaixi, 'I am lousy.' A 
 remedy used to destroy lice. 
 
 ANTIPHTHIS'ICAL, Antiphthis'icns, from 
 avn, 'against,' and ^^tcris, 'consumption.' Op 
 posed to phthisis. 
 
 ANTIPHYSETICS, Carminatives. 
 
 ANTIPHYSICA, Carminatives. 
 
 ANTTPHYS'ICAL, Antiphys' icus, from avn, 
 'against,' and (pvcaw, 'I blow.' An expeller of 
 wind : a carminative. 
 
 It has also been used for any thing preterna- 
 tural ; here, the derivation is from avn, 'against,* 
 and (pvaig, 'nature.' The French sometimes say, 
 'Un go&t antipthysique,' 'an unnatural taste.' 
 
ANTIPLASTIC 
 
 ANTRUM 
 
 ANTIPLAS'TIC, Antiplas'ticus, PlastUyt'ic, 
 PlaBtilyt'ims, from avri, 'against,' and n'XaaTiKos, 
 'formative.' Antiformative. An agent that 
 iiminishes the quantity of plastic matter — fibrin 
 — in the blood. 
 
 ANTIPLEURIT'IC, Anti2ileuret'ieus, Anti- 
 ■pleuret'ic, from avri, 'against,' and vXcvpins, 
 'pleurisy.' Opposed to pleurisy. 
 
 ANTIPNEUMON'IC, Antipneumon'icus, from 
 avTi, 'against,' and Tivtvfunvia, 'disease or inflam- 
 mation of the lungs.' A remedy for disease or 
 inflammation of the lungs. 
 
 ANTIPODAGRIC, Antiarthritic. 
 
 ANTIPRAX'IS, from avTi, 'against,' and 
 rrpaaaia, 'I act.' A contrary state of different 
 parts in the same patient: e. g. an increase of 
 heat in one organ, and diminution in another. 
 
 ANTIPSOR'IC, Aittipso'n'cus, Antisca'bioiis, 
 from avTt, 'against,' and i/wpa, 'the itch.' (F.) 
 Antigaleux. Opposed to the itch. 
 
 ANTIPUTRID, Antiseptic. 
 
 ANTIPY'IC, Antt'pi/'icus, from avn, 'against,' 
 and -iTvnv, 'pus.' Opposed to suppuration. 
 
 ANTIPYRETIC, Febrifuge. 
 
 ANTIPYROT'IC, Antqiijrot'icii^, from avri, 
 'against,' and zvp, 'fire.' Opposed to burns or 
 to pyrosis. 
 
 ANTIQUARTANA'RIUM, Anfiquar'thim. A 
 remedy formerly used against quartan fever. 
 
 ANTIQUUS, Chronic. 
 
 ANTIRHACHIT'IC, AntirhacJiit'icus, from 
 avri, 'against,' and rachitis. Opposed to rachitis, 
 or rickets. 
 
 ANTIRHEUMAT'IC, AntirrJieumat'icus; from 
 avTi, ' against,' and pevfia, 'rheumatism.' A re- 
 medy for rheumatism. 
 
 ANTIRHINUM ACUTANGULUM, A. Lina- 
 ria — a. Auriculatum, A. Elatine. 
 
 Antirhi'num Elati'ne, A. auricula'tum, Ela- 
 ti'ne, E. hasta'ta, Lina'i-ia elati'ne, Cymbala' ria 
 elati'ne, Fluellen or Female Speedwell, was for- 
 merly used against scurvy and old ulcerations. 
 
 ANTiRHiMnM Hederaceum, a. Linaria — a. 
 Hederfefolium, A. Linaria. 
 
 Antirhi'num Lina'ria, A. hedera'ceum seu 
 hedercBfo'lium seu acutan' gidum, Lina'ria, L. 
 vulga'ria seu cymhala'ria, Elati'ne cyiiihala'- 
 ria, Cymbala'r-ia mura'lis, Osy'ris, Urina'ria, 
 Common Toad Flax, (F.) Linaire. Ord. Scrophu- 
 lariacefe. The leaves have a bitterish taste. They 
 are reputed to be diuretic and cathartic. An 
 ointment made from them has been extolled in 
 hemorrhoids. 
 
 ANTISCABIOUS, Antipsoric. 
 
 ANTISCIRRHOUS. Anticancerous. 
 
 ANTISCOLETICUS, Anthelmintic. 
 
 ANTISCOLICUS, Anthelmintic. 
 
 ANTISCORBU'TIC, Antiscorbu'ticus, from 
 avri, ' against,' and scorbutus, ' the scurvy.' Op- 
 posed to scurvy. 
 
 ANTISCROF'ULOUS, Antiscroph'idous, An- 
 tiscrofulo'sus, Aniistrumo'sus, Antichcerad'icus. 
 Opposed to scrofula. 
 
 ANTISEP'TIC, Aniisep'ticjis, Antipu'trid, 
 from avTL, 'against,' and arj-KTog, 'putrid.' Anti- 
 putredino'stis. Opposed to putrefaction. The 
 chief antiseptics, internally or externally em- 
 ployed, are Acidum 3/iiriaticmn, Acidum Nitri- 
 cum, Acidum Sidphuricum, Alumince sulphas, 
 Carbo Ligni, Calx Chlorinata, Chlorin'ium, Cin- 
 chona and its active principles, Creasote, Baud 
 Radix, Ferinentum CerevisicE, Soda Chlorinata, 
 and Zinci Chloridum. 
 
 ANTISIAL'AGOGTTE, Antisialago'gus, Anti- 
 si'alus, from avn, ' against,' and maXov, 'saliva.' 
 A remedy against ptyalism. 
 
 ANTISPASIS, Derivation, Revulsion. 
 
 ANTISPASMOD'IC, Antispasmod'icus, Anti- 
 sptas'ticus, from avTi, 'against, and a-rcaiD, 'I con- 
 
 tract.' Opposed to spasm. The whole operation 
 of antispasmodics is probably revulsive. The 
 following are the chief reputed antispasmodics. 
 ^ther Sulphuricus, Asafietida, Castoreum, Dra- 
 contium, Moschus, Oleum Animale Dippelii, and 
 Valeriana — with the mental antispasmodics, ab- 
 straction, powerful emotions, fear, &0. Of direct 
 antispasmodics, we have no example. 
 
 ANTISPASTICUS, Antispasmodic, Deriva- 
 tive. 
 
 ANTISQUA'MIC, Antisqria'micus ; from anti, 
 'against,' and squama, 'a scale.' A name given 
 by Mr. Headland to a medicine, which, by acting 
 on the blood, removes cutaneous afiections. The 
 name is inappropriate, as the true scalj' diseases 
 — lepra and psoriasis — are not the only ones that 
 require the use of eutrophics. 
 
 ANTISTASIS, Antagonism. 
 
 ANTISTERYG'MA, from avTi, 'against,' and 
 arripvyiia, 'a support.' A fulcrum, support, crutch. 
 — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANTISTER'NUM, from avn, 'against,' and 
 uTcpvov, 'the sternum.' The back. — Rufus. 
 
 ANTISTRUMOUS, Antiscrofulous. 
 
 ANTISYPHILIT'IC, Antisyph-ilit'icus, from 
 avTi, ' against,' and syphilis, ' the venereal dis- 
 ease.' Opposed to the venereal disease. 
 
 ANTITASIS, Counter-extension. 
 
 ANTITHENAR, Opponens poUicis, Adductor 
 poUicis pedis. 
 
 ANTITHERMA, Refrigerants. 
 
 ANTITHORA, Aconitum anthora. 
 
 ANTITRAG'ICUS, Antitra'geus, (F.) Muscle 
 de rAntitragus, 31. antitragien. — (Ch.) Belong- 
 ing to the antitragus. A small muscle is so 
 called, the existence of which is not constant. 
 It occupies the space between the antitragus and 
 anthelix. 
 
 ANTITRAGIEN, Antitragieus. 
 
 ANTIT'RAGUS, from ai/n, 'opposite to,' and 
 rpayog, ' the tragus,' Antilo'bium,. Oblo'bium. A 
 conical eminence on the pavilion of the ear, op- 
 posite the tragus. 
 
 ANTITYP'IA, from avn, 'against,' and tvtttw, 
 'I strike.' Resistance. Hardness. Repercus- 
 sion. 
 
 ANTITYPICUS, Antiperiodic. 
 
 ANTIVENE'REAL, Antivene'reus, from avn, 
 'against,' and Venus, 'Venus.' The same as An- 
 tisyphilitic. Formerly it was used synonymously 
 with Antaphrodisiac. 
 
 ANTIVERMICULAR, Antiperistaltic. 
 
 ANTIVERMINOSUS, Anthelmintic. 
 
 ANT'LIA or ANTLI'A, from avrXuv, 'to 
 pump out' A syringe; a pump. Hence, Antlia 
 lac'tea, Lactisu'gium, a breast-pump: and Antlia 
 sanguisu'ga, Antibdel'la, Hiru'do artificia'lis, the 
 exhausting syringe used in cupping. 
 
 Antlia Gastrica, Stomach-pump. 
 
 ANTODONTALGIC, Antiodontalgie. 
 
 ANTODYNUS, Anodyne. 
 
 ANTRAX, Anthrax. 
 
 ANTRE, Antrum — a. d'Hyghmore, Antrum 
 of Highmore. 
 
 ANTROVERSIO, Anteversio. 
 
 ANTRUM, 'a cavern,' Cavern'a, Ba7-'athru'm, 
 (F.) Autre. A name given to certain cavities in 
 bones, the entrance to which is smaller than the 
 bottom. 
 
 Antrum Auris, Tympanum — a. Buccinosum, 
 Cochlea, Labyrinth — a. Dentale, see Tooth — a. 
 Pylori, see Stomach. 
 
 Antrum op Highmore, Antrum Highmoria'- 
 num seu Gena seu maxiUa're seu m.axi'l'la; supe- 
 rio'ris, Genyan'trum, Gnathan'trum, Max'illary 
 Sinus, Sinus GencBpituita'rius, (E.) Antre d' Hygh- 
 more, Sinus Maxillaire. A deep cavity in the 
 substance of the superior maxillary bone com- 
 municating with the middle meatus of the nose. 
 
ANTSJAR 
 
 76 
 
 APERIE^^T 
 
 It is lined by a prolongation of the Schneiderian 
 membrane, 
 
 ANTSJAR, Upas. 
 ANULARIS, Annular. 
 ANULUS, Fossette. 
 ANURESIS, Ischuria. 
 ANURIA, Ischuria. 
 ANUROCRINIE, see Ischuria. 
 ANURORRHEE, see Ischuria. 
 ANUS, 'a circle,' Podex, Potex, MoVyne, Mo- 
 hjn'ie, Dactyl'ios, Cath'edi'a, Ci/r'ceon, Cys'saros, 
 Cysthos, Aph'edra, Aph'edron, Hedra, Proctos, 
 Archos, Sedes, Cuius, Cu'leon. The circular open- 
 ing situate at the inferior extremity of the rectum, 
 by which the excrement is expelled. The /uHcZa- 
 iient. The body. The eeat, (F.) Siege, Fonde- 
 ment. 
 
 Anus also signifies the anterior orifice of the 
 Aqueduct of Sylvius. By some, this Anus, called, 
 also, Fora'men commu'ne 2}c^t^'rius, has been 
 supposed to form a communication between the 
 back part of the third ventricle and the lateral 
 ventricles. It is closed up, however, by the tela 
 ehoroidea, and also by the fornix, which is inti- 
 mately connected with this. The foramen is 
 situate between the commissura mollis of the 
 optic thalami and the pineal gland. 
 
 Anus, Artificial. An opening made artifi- 
 cially, to supply the place of the natural anus. The 
 term is often used to include preternatural anus. 
 Anus Cerebri, see Aquasductus Sylvii. 
 AxDS, Contract'ed, (F.) Anus retreci. A state 
 of the anus when, from some cause, it is con- 
 tracted. 
 
 Anus, Iiiper'forate. A malformation, in 
 which there is no natural anus. See Atresia ani 
 adnata. 
 
 Anus, Preternat'ural, (F.) Anus contre na- 
 ture, A. anormal. An accidental opening which 
 gives issue to the whole or to a part of the fseces. 
 It may be owing to a wound, or, which is more 
 common, to gangrene attacking the intestine in 
 a hernial sac. 
 
 This term is also employed, as well as Anus 
 devie, de'vious anus, to the case where the anus, in- 
 stead of being in its natural situation, is in some 
 neighbouring cavity, as the bladder, vagina, etc. 
 ANXIETAS, Anxiety — a. Praacordiorum, see 
 Anxiety. 
 
 ANXI'ETY, Anxi'efas, Anxi'etude, Adcemo'- 
 nia, Dysjjho'ria anxi'etas, Alys'mus, Al'yce, AV- 
 ysis, Ase, (F.) Anxiete, from angere, Gr. ay)(^nv, 
 'to strangle, to suffocate.' A state of restlessness 
 and agitation, with general indisposition, and a 
 distressing sense of oppression at the epigastrium, 
 Anxi'etas prcecordio' rum. Inquietude, anxiety, 
 and anguish, represent degrees of the same con- 
 dition. 
 
 ANYPNIA, Insomnia. 
 
 AOCHLE'SIA, from a, priv., and o;^Xoj, 'dis- 
 turbance.' Tranquillity, calmness. 
 
 AOR'TA, Arte'ria magna seu crassa seu max'- 
 ima, HcBmal Axis, of Owen, (F.) Aorte. This 
 name was given by Aristotle to the chief artery 
 of the body. It may have been derived from 
 aoprconai, 'I am suspended,' as it seems to be 
 suspended from the heart; or from aj]p, 'air,' and 
 TTjpeo), 'I keep,' because it was supposed to con- 
 tain air. It is probable that Hippocrates meant 
 by aoprai the bronchia and their ramifications. 
 The aorta is the common trunk of the arteries of 
 the body. It arises from the left ventricle of the 
 heart, about opposite to the fifth dorsal vertebra, 
 passes upwards {ascending Aorta), forms the great 
 arch, of the Aorta, and descends along the left 
 of the spine [descending Aorta), until it reaches 
 the middle of the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebra, 
 "where it bifurcates, to give origin to the common 
 iliacs. The aorta is sometimes divided into the 
 
 Thoracic or Pectoral, and the Abdominal. For 
 the arteries which arise from it, etc., see Artery. 
 AOR TASTE, Aorteurysma. 
 AORTEOTASIE, Aorteurysma. 
 AORTEURYS'MA, from ao^iTr,, 'the aorta,' 
 and ivpvi, 'dilated.' Aneurism of the Aorta, (F.) 
 Anevrysme de I'Aorte, Aortectasie, Aortasie. — 
 Piorry. By carefully auscultating over the dor- 
 sal vertebrEe, a bellows' sound, with a deep and 
 not always perceptible impulse, may be detected. 
 AOR'TIC, Aor'ticus. Relating to the Aorta. 
 The Aortic ventricle, (F.) Ventricule Aortique, is 
 the left ventricle. The Aortic valves are the sig- 
 moid valves at the origin of the Aorta, etc. 
 
 AORTI'TIS, Inflamma' tio Aor'ta, from Aorta, 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
 of the aorta. 
 
 AORTRA, Aortron. A lobe of the lungs.— 
 Hippocrate.s. 
 
 AO'TUS, from a, privative, and ouj, oiTOi, 'an 
 ear.' A monster devoid of ears. — Gurlt. 
 
 A P A G ' M A, Apoclas'ma, Apocecaulis'menon, 
 from ano, 'from,' and ayiii, 'I remove.' Separa- 
 tion, abduction. Separation of a fractured bone. 
 — Galenus, Foesius. 
 
 APAGOGE, Defe-eation, Inductio. 
 APALACHINE, Ilex vomitoria — a. a Feuilles 
 de Prunier, Prinos — a. Gallis, Ilex vomitoria. 
 
 APAL'LAGE, Apallax'is, from a-oXarru, 'I 
 change.' Mutation, change. It is generally 
 taken in a good sense, and means the change 
 from disease to health. — Hippocrates. 
 APALLAXIS, Apallage. 
 
 APALOT'ICA, from a-aXorns, 'softness, ten- 
 derness.' Fortuitous lesions or deformities affect- 
 ing the soft parts. The first order in the class 
 Tychica, of Good. 
 APANTHESIS, Apanthismus. 
 APANTHIS'MUS, Apanthe'sis, from a-7:o, 
 'from,' and avdtoi, 'I flower.' The obliteration 
 of parts previously inservient to useful purposes, 
 as of the ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus, 
 which are essential to foetal existence, but are 
 subsequently unnecessary. See also Stuprum. 
 
 APANTHRO'PIA, from a-o, 'from,' and av- 
 &pii)T:oi, 'man.' Detestation of man; desire for 
 solitude. — Hippocrates. One of the symptoms 
 of hypochondriasis. 
 
 APAPHRISMOS, Despumation. 
 APARACH'YTUM VINUM, from a. priv., 
 and 7raji/a;^i)u, 'I pour over.' The purest wine: 
 that which has not been mixed with sea-water. — 
 Galen. 
 
 APARINE, Galium aparine — a. Hispida, Ga- 
 lium aparine. 
 
 AP ARTHROSIS, Diarthrosis. 
 AP'ATHY, Apathi'a, Ameli'a, from a, priva- 
 tive, and Tza^os, 'affection.' (F.) Apathie. Ac- 
 cidental suspension of the moral feelings. It 
 takes place in very severe diseases, particularly 
 in malignant fevers. 
 
 APECHE'MA, from a-ao, 'from,' and ijX"^' 
 'sound.' Properly the action of reflecting sound. 
 In medicine, it is synonymous with the Latin 
 Contrafissura, a counter-fissure, a counter-blow. 
 — Gorrfeus, Celsus. 
 
 APECTOCEPHALUS, Acephalothorus. 
 APEL'LA, AppeVla, Leipoder'mos, Becuti'tns, 
 from a, priv., &nd. pellis, 'skin.' One whose pre- 
 puce does not cover the glans. — Galenus, Lin- 
 nasus, Vogel. Retraction or smallness of any 
 other soft appendage. — Sagar. One who is cir- 
 cumcised. 
 
 APEPSIA. Dyspepsia. 
 
 APE'RIENT, Ape'riens, Aperiti'vns, from ape- 
 rire {ab and pario), 'to open.' Res' erans. A 
 laxative. (F.) Aperitif. A medicine which 
 gently opens the bowels. The term had for- 
 merly a much more extensive signification, and, 
 
APERISTATON 
 
 APIASTEUM 
 
 like Cntalyt'iciim, was given to a substance sup- 
 posed to have the power of opening any of the 
 passages, and even the blood-vessels. 
 
 APERIS'TATON', Aperis'tatum, from a, pri- 
 vative, and T!£()iaTj]iJi, 'I surround.' An epithet 
 for an ulcer not dangerous nor considerable nor 
 surrounded by inflammation. 
 APERITIF, Aperient. 
 APERITIVUS, Aperient. 
 APERTOR OCULI, Levator palpebrffi supe- 
 rioris. 
 
 APERTO'RIUM, from aperio, 'I open.' An 
 
 instrument for dilating the os uteri during labour. 
 
 APERTURA, Mouth — a. Anterior ventriculi 
 
 tertii cerebri, Vulva (cerebri) — a. Pelvis superior, 
 
 kee Pelvis. 
 
 APEUTHYSMENOS, Rectum. 
 APEX, 3[uc)-o. The point or extremity of a 
 part, — as the apex of the tongue, nose, etc. 
 Apex LiNsu.fi, Proglossis. 
 APH.ERESIS, Apheresis, Extirpation. 
 APHALANGI'ASIS, from a, 'intensive,' and 
 (paXay^, 'phalanx.' The fourth stage of Oriental 
 lepros}', which is recognised chiefly by a gangre- 
 nous condition of the fingers. 
 
 APHASSOM'ENOS, from a<pac,7io, 'I touch, I 
 feel.' The touching of the parts of generation 
 of the female as a means of diagnosis. — Hippo- 
 crates. See Esaphe. 
 APHEDRA, Anus. 
 APHEDRLl, Menses. 
 APHEDRON, Anus. 
 
 APHELI'A, aiisXri;, 'simple.' Simplicity. 
 The simple manners of the sect of Methodists in 
 teaching and practising medicine. 
 
 APHBLX'IA, from a<pe\Kto, '1 abstract.' Vo- 
 luntary inactivity of the whole or the greater 
 part of the external senses to the impressions of 
 surrounding objects, during wakefulness. lie- 
 very, (F.) Reverie. Dr. Good has introduced 
 this into his Nosology, as well as Aphelx'ia. so- 
 cors or absence of mind — A. infen'ta or abstrac- 
 tion of mind: and A. otio'sa, Stu'dium ina'ne, 
 Genospu'dia, brown study or listless musing. 
 APHEPSEMA, Decoction. 
 APHEPSIS, Decoction. 
 
 APHE'RESIS, AphcB'resis, from a(paipt(a, 'I 
 take away.' An operation by which any part of 
 the body is separated from the other. Hippo- 
 crates, according to Foesius, uses the expression 
 Aj^hm'resis San'guinis for excessive hemorrhage; 
 and Sennertus, to express the condition of an 
 animal deprived both of the faculties of the mind 
 and of the mind itself. 
 
 APH'ESIS, from aipirifii, 'I relax.' A remis- 
 sion. This word expresses sometimes the dimi- 
 nution or cessation of a disease; at others, lan- 
 guor and debility of the lower extremities. See 
 Languor, and Remission. 
 
 APHILAN'THROPY, Aphlanthro'pia, from a, 
 privative, (fit'Xcoi, 'I love,' and avS-pw-og. 'a man.' 
 Dislike to man. Love of solitude. Vogel has 
 given this name to the first degree of melancholy. 
 APHISTESIS, Abscess. 
 APHODEUMA, Excrement. 
 APHODUS, Excrement. 
 APHOXETUS, Aphonus. 
 
 APHO'NIA, Z!'(/a7('o lingua, Loque'la ahol'ita, 
 Defec'tus loque'lce, Dyspho'nia, (of some,) Aph'- 
 ony, (F.) Aphonic, Perte de la Voix, from a, pri- 
 vative, and (phivT}, 'voice.' Privation of voice, or 
 of the sounds that ought to be produced in the 
 glottis. When aphonia forms part of catarrh or 
 of 'cold,' it is commonly but of little consequence; 
 but when produced by causes acting on the ner- 
 vous system, as by some powerful emotion, or 
 without any appreciable lesion of the vocal appa- 
 ratus, {Laryngo-paralysis,) it frequently resists 
 al' remedies. 
 
 Aphon'ia, Catalepsy — a. Surdorum, Mutitas 
 3urdorum. 
 
 APHONICUS, Aphonus. 
 
 APHO'NIJS, A2:>ho'nicus, Aplio'netus; same 
 ety.TQon. Relating to aphonia. 
 APHONY, Aphonia. 
 APHORIA, Sterilitas. 
 APHORICUS, Sterile, 
 APHORUS^ Sterile. 
 
 APHOR'ME, a(pop^r], 'occasion.' The exter- 
 nal and manifest cause of any thing. The occa- 
 sional cause of a disease. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APHRO'DES, 'frothy,' from aippos, 'foam,' 
 and u&os, 'resemblance.' Applied to the blood 
 and the excrements. — Hippocrates. 
 APHRODISIA, Coition, Puberty. 
 APHRODIS'IAC, Aphrodisiacus, from A0po- 
 liTT], 'Venus,' (F.) Aphrodisiaque. Medicine 
 or food believed to be capable of exciting to the 
 pleasures of love; as ginger, cantharides, &c. 
 They are generally stimulants. 
 APHRODISLA.Ci:S, Venereal. 
 APHRODLSIASMUS, Coition. 
 APHRODISIOG'RAPHY, from k<ppoiiTv, 'Ve- 
 nus,' and ■yfja(poi, 'I describe.' Etymologically, 
 this term means a description of the pleasures of 
 love, but it has been placed at the head of a work 
 describing the venereal disease. 
 APHRODITIC, Venereal. 
 APHROG'ALA, from atppo?, 'foam,' and yoKa, 
 'milk.' Lac spnmo'sum. A name formerly given 
 to milk rendered frothy by agitation. 
 APHRONIA, Apoplexy. 
 APHRONITRUM, Natrum, Soda. 
 APHROSYNE, Delirium, Insanity. 
 APHTHA, AphtcB, AptIi(B, from a-rw, 'I in- 
 flame." Thrush or sore mouth, Aphtha lactu'ci- 
 men seu Infan'tum, Lactu'cimen, Laclucini'ina, 
 Lactu'mina, Al'colcB, Em'phlysis aphtha, Ulcera 
 serpen'tia oris, Pus'tula oris, Febris aphtho'sn, 
 Angi'nu aphtho'sa, Vesic'nlm gingiva'ram, Sto- 
 mati'tis exsudati'va seu vesiculu'sa infan'tum, Sto- 
 map'yra, S. apihtha, Prunel'l-a, White Thrush, 
 3Iilk Thrush. Aphthae consist of roundish, pearl- 
 coloured vesicles, confined to the lips, mouth, 
 and intestinal canal, and generally terminating 
 in curd-like sloughs. In France, the Aphthas of 
 children, Aphthes des Enfans, is called Muguet, 
 Millet, Blanchet, Catarrhe buccal and Stomatite 
 cremeuse pidtacee, Pultaceous inflammation of 
 the Mouth; and generally receives two divisions 
 — the mild or discreet, (F.) JIuguct benin ou dis- 
 cret, and the malignant, (F.) Muguet malin ou 
 confluent, the Black Thrush. Common Thrush is 
 a disease of no consequence, requiring merely 
 the use of absorbent laxatives. The malignant 
 variety, which is rare, is of a more serious cha- 
 racter, and is accompanied with typhoid symp- 
 toms, — Typhus aphtho'ideus. 
 
 Aphth.b ADULTORu:vr, Stomatitis, aphthous — a. 
 Prseputii, Herpes prseputii — a. Serpentes, Cancer 
 aquaticus. 
 
 APH'THAPHYTE, Aphthaph'yton : Oid'inm 
 alh'icans. Champignon da Muguet, from a<p6ai, 
 'aphthse,' and <i>vtov, 'a vegetable.' A parasitic 
 vegetable growth observed in aphthae. 
 _ APHTHE GAKGRENEUX, Cancer aqua- 
 ticus. 
 
 APHTHES DES ENFAXS, Aphthas. 
 APHTHEUX, Aphthous. 
 
 APHTHO'DES, Aphthoides, Ajohthouleus, from 
 aphtha, and uios. 'resemblance.' Aphthous-like. 
 Resembling aphthse. 
 
 APH'THOUS, Aphtho'sns, (F.) Aplitheux. Be- 
 longing to aphthse; complicated with aphthse j 
 as Aphthous Fever. 
 
 APIASTRUM, Melissa. 
 
APICES 
 
 APOGALACTOS 
 
 APICES CRURUM MEDULLA OBLON- 
 GATA, Corpora striata — a, Digitorum, Pa- 
 pulae. 
 
 APILEPSIA, Apoplexy. 
 
 A'PIOL, Apio'liun, Parsley oil, from apium, 
 'parsley,' and oleum, 'oil.' A yellowish oily 
 liquid, obtained from apimn petroselinum or 
 parsley, which, in the dose of 15 grains, has 
 been used as an antiperiodic. 
 
 APIONTA, see Excretion. 
 
 APIOS, Pyrus communis. 
 
 APIS, Bee. 
 
 API' TES, from arioi', ' a pear.' Perry. — Gror- 
 rfflus. 
 
 APIUM, A. graveolens — a. Ammi, Ammi — a. 
 Anisum, Pimpinella anisum — a. Carvi, Carum. 
 
 A'PinM Graveolens, Apium, Paluda'pium, 
 JSelVnum, Ses'eli graveolens, Slum graveolens seu 
 apium, Smallage, (F.) Ache. Orel. Umbelliferse. 
 Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The plants, 
 roots, and seeds are aperient and carminative. 
 Selery is a variety of this. 
 
 Apiujr HoKTESSE, A. graveolens — a. Monta- 
 num, Athamanta aureoselinum — a. Paludapium, 
 A. Graveolens — a. Petrseum,Bubon Macedonicum. 
 
 Apium Petroseli'num, Apium Horten'se seu 
 vulga're, Eleoseli' num [ ? ], Grielnm, PetroseW- 
 num, Common Parsley, (F.) Persil. The root — 
 Petroselinum, (Ph. U. S.) — and seeds are diuretic 
 and aperient. See Apiol. 
 
 Apium Sium, Slum nodiflorum — a. Vulgare, A. 
 graveolens. 
 
 APLAS'TIC, Ap)las'ticus, from a, privative, 
 and irXaaaii), 'I form.' That which is not capable 
 of forming ; or is not organizable. 
 
 Aplastic Element; one which is unsuscep- 
 tible of any farther amount of organization. — 
 Gerber. 
 
 APLESTIA, Ingluvies, Intemperance. 
 
 APLEU'ROS, from a, privative, and Tr>.£vpov, 
 'a rib.' One without ribs, or pleurse. — ^^Hippo- 
 crates, Galen. 
 
 APLOT'OMY, Aplotom'ia, from aTrXoof, 'sim- 
 ple,' and TCjjivu), ' I cut.' A simple incision. 
 
 APNEE, Apnoea. 
 
 APNEUMATOSIS, see Atelectasis. 
 
 APNEU'MIA, from a, priv., and :ri'£u/K(i)i', 'lung.' 
 A monstrosity in which there is absence of lungs. 
 
 APNEUMONER'VIA, Apneumoneu' ria, from 
 a. priv., ■Kvt.v\L<itv, 'lung,' and vtvpov, 'nerve.' 
 "Want of nervous action in the lungs. 
 
 APNEUSTIA, Apnoea, Asphyxia. 
 
 APNCE'A, from a, privative, and ttveu, 'I re- 
 spire.' C^.) A-pnee, Absence of respiration, i?e- 
 spiira'tio ahol'ita ; or insensible respiration. Also, 
 Orthopnoea. See Asphyxia. 
 
 Apncea Infantum, Asthma Thymicum. 
 
 APNCEASPHYXIA, Asphyxia. 
 
 APNUS, airvoos, same etymon. One devoid of 
 respiration. An epithet applied by authors to 
 cases in which the respiration is so small and 
 slow, that it seems suspended. — Castelli. It is 
 probable, however, that the word was always ap- 
 plied to the patient, not to the disease. 
 
 APO, 0-0, a prefix denoting 'from, of, off, out.' 
 Hence — 
 
 APOBAMMA, Embamma. 
 
 APOBAINON. Eventus. 
 
 APOBESOMEXOX, Eventus. 
 
 APOBIOSIS, Death. 
 
 APOBLEMA. Abortion. 
 
 APOBOLE, Abortion. 
 
 APOBRASMA, Furfur. 
 
 APOCAPNISMUS, Fumigation. 
 
 APOCATASTASIS, Considentia, Restauratio. 
 
 APOCATHARSIS, Catharsis. 
 
 APOCATHARTICUS, Cathartic. 
 
 APOCECAULISMENON, Apagma. 
 
 APOCEXO'SIS, Aposceno'sis, from a-o, 'out,' 
 and KEvuiais, 'evacuation.' A partial evacuation 
 according to some, in opposition to Cenosis, whicl 
 signifies a general evacuation. — Cullen and Swe 
 diaur apply it to morbid fluxes. 
 
 Apocenosis, Abevacuatio — a. Diabetes melli 
 tus. Diabetes — a. Ptyalismus mellitus, see Saliva 
 tion — a. Vomitus pyrosis. Pyrosis. 
 
 APOCHOREOX, Excrement. 
 
 APOCHREMMA, Sputum. 
 
 APOCHREMPSIS, Exspuition. 
 
 APOCH'YMA, from a-oxcio, ' I pour out.' A 
 sort of tar, obtained from old ships, which is im- 
 pregnated with chloride of sodium. It was used 
 as a discutient of tumours. — Aetius, Paulus, 
 Gorrseus. 
 
 APOCiy GOBE-MOUCHE, Apoeynum an 
 drosaimifolium. 
 
 APOCLASMA, Abduction, Apagma. 
 ■ APOCLEISIS, Asitia, Disgust. 
 
 APOCOPE, from airo, and kotttuv, 'to cut.' 
 Abscission. A wound with loss of substance. 
 Fracture with loss of part of a bone. Amputation. 
 
 APOCOPUS, Castratus. 
 
 APOCRISIS, Contagion, Excrement, Secre- 
 tion. 
 
 APOCROUS'TIC, Apocrous'tica sen Apocrus'- 
 tica, [remed'ia,) from otto, 'out,' and Kgovut, 'I 
 push.' An astringent and repellent. — Galenus. 
 
 APOCRUSTICA, Apocroustic. 
 
 APOCYESIS, Parturition. 
 
 APOCYX, see Apoeynum Cannabinum. 
 
 APOCYXIX, see Apoeynum Cannabinum. 
 
 AP0C"YXUMANDR6SiEMIF0'LIUM,(Ph. 
 U. S.) from aiTo, and Kutiiv, ' a dog,' because es- 
 teemed, of old, to be fatal to dogs. Dog's Bane, 
 Bitter Dog's Bane, Milkweed, Bitterroot, Honey- 
 hloom, Catchfly, Flytrap, Ip'ecac, Amer'ican Ipe- 
 cac., (F. ) Apocin gohe-mouche, A. amer. Ord. 
 Apocynaceae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. 
 The root of this plant is found from Canada to 
 Carolina. Thirty grains evacuate the stomach 
 as effectually as two-thirds of the amount of 
 Ipecacuanha, by which name it is known in vari- 
 ous parts of the Eastern States. It is in the 
 secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
 States. 
 
 Apocynum Cannab'inum, (Ph. U. S.) Indian 
 Hemp. This American plant possesses emetic, 
 cathartic, diaphoretic and diuretic properties, has 
 been strongly recommended in dropsy, and 
 has been given in decoction, — g'J of ^^^ TOCt 
 boiled in three pints of water to two. A wine- 
 glassful for a dose. An active principle, Apocyn 
 or Apocynin, has been extracted from the root. 
 
 Apocynum Hypericefo'lidm, a variety of Ai 
 cannabinum, which, as well as A. androssemifo- 
 lium, abounds in a milky juice. This, when ap- 
 plied to the skin, produces a troublesome erup- 
 tion resembling flea-bites : hence, the plants have 
 been termed, by the voyageurs in the Hudson's 
 Bay territory, Herhes a la puce. 
 
 Apocynum Xov^ AnglivE Hirsutum, Ascle- 
 pias tuberosa — a. Orange, Asclepias tuberosa — a. 
 Scan dens, Allamanda. 
 
 APODACRYT'ICUS, DelacTirymati' vus, from 
 3770, 'from,' and (5a)cpua), 'I weep.' A substance, 
 supposed to occasion a flow of the tears, and then 
 to arrest them. — Columella, Pliny, Galenus. 
 
 APODEMIALGIA, Nostalgia. 
 
 APOD'IA, from a, privative, and ttovs, -roSot, 
 'afoot.' Want of feet; hence Apous or Aints, 
 one who has no feet. 
 
 APODYTE'RIUM, Coniste'rium, Spoliato'- 
 rium, Spolia/rium, from a-oi5uw, 'I strip off.' The 
 ante-room, where the bathers stripped themselves 
 in the ancient gymnasia. 
 
 AP06ALACTISMUS, Weaning. 
 
 APOGALACTOS, Exubor. 
 
APOGEUSIS 
 
 79 
 
 APOTLECTIC 
 
 APOGEUSIS, Ageustia. 
 APOGEUSTIA, Ageustia. 
 APOGLAUCOSIS, Glaucosis. 
 APOGON. Imberbis. 
 
 APOG'ONUM, from a-o, and ytvofiai, '1 exist.' 
 A living foetus in utero. — Hippocrates. 
 APOLEPISIS, Desquamation. 
 APOLEPISMUS, Desquamation. 
 APOLEP'SIS, Apolej/sia, ApoNp'sis, from 
 dToXa^/Javo), * I retain.' Retention, suppression. 
 — Hippocrates. Asphyxia. 
 
 APOLEX'IS, from a-noXny^, *I cease.' Old 
 age, decrepitude. 
 
 APOLINO'SIS, from axo, and \ivov, ' a flaxen 
 thread.' The mode of operating for fistula in 
 ano, by means of a thread of Homolinon or Linum 
 crudnm. — Hippocrates, Paulus. 
 APOLIPSIS, Apolepsis. 
 
 APOLLINARIS ALTERCUM, Hyoscyamus. 
 APOLUTICA, Cicatrisantia. 
 APOLYS'IA, ApoZ'?/s?'s, from aToXuto, 'Iloosen.' 
 Solution. Relaxation. Debility of the limbs or 
 looseness of bandages. — Erotian. Expulsion of 
 the foetus and its dependencies. Termination of 
 a disease. — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 APOMATHE'MA, Apomnthe'sis, from qto, and 
 fiav^avu), ' I learn.' Eorgetfulness of things taught. 
 — Hippocrates. 
 
 APOM'ELI, from avo, 'of,' and /leXi, 'honey.' 
 An oxymel or decoction made of honey.^ Galen, 
 Aetius, Paulus, &c. 
 APOMEXIS, Munctio. 
 
 APOMYLE'NAS, from a-xofxvWaivu}, 'I make 
 a wry mouth.' One who pushes his lips forwards, 
 pressing them against each other. Occasionally 
 a symptom of nervous fever. — Galen, Erotian. 
 
 APOMYTHO'SIS,^pon!7/fto'8i«, from a-noyivaaiji, 
 'I snore.' A disease in which there is stertor. — 
 Sauvages, Sagar. 
 
 APOMYXIA, Nasal mucus. 
 APONEUROG'RAPHY, Aponeurogra'pMa, 
 from a-jovtvpiiXTLS, an ' aponeurosis,' and ypa(pr], 
 ' a description.' A description of the Aponeu- 
 roses. 
 
 APONEUROL'OGT, Aponeurolog"ia, from 
 xrovcvpu)ais, 'an aponeurosis,' and \oyoi, 'a dis- 
 course.' Apioneurosiol'ogy. The anatomy of the 
 .iponeuroses. 
 
 APONEUROSIOLOGT, Aponeurology. 
 APONEURO'SIS, Aponevro'sis, from a-ro, 
 'from,' and vcv^ov, 'a nerve.' Pronerva'tio, De- 
 iierva'tio, Enerva'tio, Expan'sio nervo'aa, (F.) 
 Aponeiirose, Aponevrose. The ancients called 
 every white part vtvoov, and regarded the Apo- 
 neurosis as a nervous expansion. The Aponeu- 
 roses are white, shining membranes, very resist- 
 ing, and composed of fibres interlaced. Some 
 are continuous with the muscular fibres, and differ 
 only from tendons by their flat form. They are 
 called Aponeuroses of insertion, (F.) Aponevroses 
 d'insertion, when they are at the extremities of 
 muscles, and attach them to the bone ; — Aponeu- 
 roses of intersection, (F.) Aponevroses d'intersec- 
 iion, if they interrupt the continuity of the mus- 
 cle, and are continuous on both sides with mus- 
 cular fibres. Others surround the muscle, and 
 prevent its displacement : they are called envelopi- 
 ing Aponeuroses, (F.) Aponevroses d'enveloppe. 
 
 Aponeurosis, Fascia — a. Crural, Fascia lata — 
 a. Femoral, Fascia lata — a. Hiac, Fascia iliaca. 
 
 APONEUROSPTIS, from aponeurosis, and 
 itis, 'denoting inflammation.' Inflammation of 
 an aponeurosis. 
 
 APONEUROT'IC, Aponeurot'icus. What re- 
 lates to Aponeuroses : — thus, we say Aponeurotic 
 expansion, Aponeurotic muscle, <fec. 
 
 APONEUROT'OMY, Aponeurotom'ia, from 
 aiTovivptixng, ' aponeurosis,' and rsixvu, ' I cut.' 
 Anatomy of aponeuroses. 
 
 Aponeurotomy has, also, been proposed for the 
 division, (debridement) of filaments, &g., in apo- 
 neurotic openings, and for the section of fascia;. 
 
 APONEVEOSE PEDIEUSE, see Pedal 
 Aponeurosis — a. Superficielle de I'Abdomen et de 
 la Ouisse, Fascia superficialis. 
 
 APONEVROSIS, Aponeurosis. 
 
 APON'IA, from a, privative, and ttovo;, 'pain.' 
 Freedom from pain. 
 
 APONIPSIS, Ablution. 
 
 APOPALLE'SLS, Apopal'sis, from an-OTraAAu, 
 'I throw off.' Expulsion. Protrusion. — Hippo 
 crates. Also, Abortion. 
 
 APOPATE'MA, Apop'athos, Apop'atus. The 
 excrement, and the place where it is deposited.— 
 Dioscorides, Erotian. 
 
 APOPEDASIS, Luxation. 
 
 APOPHLEGMATISANS PER NARES, Er 
 rhine — a. per Os, Sialogogue. 
 
 APOPHLEGMATISAN'TIA, ApopMegmati- 
 son'ta, Apophlegmatis'mi, from atzo, ' out,' and 
 (p\eyiia, 'phlegm.' Medicines which facilitate the 
 upward expulsion of mucus from the mucous 
 membrane of the digestive or air passages ; as 
 gargles, masticatories, &c. 
 
 APOPHLEG'MATISM, ApiopJdegmatis'mus. 
 The action of Apophlegmatisantia. — Galen. 
 
 APOPHLEGMATISMI, Apophlegmatisantia. 
 
 APOPH'RADES, from a-o^oa;, 'unlucky.' 
 An epithet applied to unlucky days, [dies ne- 
 fandi.) Days on which a favourable change 
 is tiot expected to occur in a disease. — A. Lau- 
 rentius. 
 
 APOPHRAXIS, Amenorrhoga. 
 
 APOPHTHAR'MA, Apoph'thora, from aTto, and 
 (p^tiQin, 'I corrupt.' Abortion, as well as a medi- 
 cine to procure abortion. 
 
 APOPHTHORA, Abortion. 
 
 APOPHTHORIUS, Abortive. 
 
 APOPHY'ADES, from ano, 'from,' and ^vw, 
 'I spring.' The ramifications of veins and arte- 
 ries. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APOPHYSE BASIL AIRE, Basilary process 
 — a. Engainante ou voginale. Vaginal process — • 
 a. Pyramidale, see Temporal Bone — a. Petree, 
 see Temporal Bone. 
 
 APOPHYSES E PINE USES, Spinous pro- 
 cesses of the vertebrae. 
 
 APOPH'YSIS, from otto, 'from,' and (^vw, 'I 
 rise,' Ec'physis, Proces'sus, Appendix, Prominen'- 
 tia ossis contin'ua, A process of a hone. When 
 the apophysis is yet separated from the body of 
 the bone by intervening cartilage, it is called 
 Epipjh'ysis. The apophyses or processes are, at 
 times, distinguished by epithets, expressive of 
 their form : as A. styloid, A. coraeoid, &c. Others 
 are not preceded by the word apophysis ; as Tro- 
 chanter, Tuberosity, &c. 
 
 Apoph'ysis op Ingeas'sias is a term applied 
 to the lesser ala of the sphenoid bone. 
 
 Apophysis Mammillaei-s; Mastoid process. 
 
 Apophysis of Rau, Ch-ele apojjhyse du 3Iar- 
 teau : see Malleus. 
 
 Apophysis Zygomatica, Zygomatic process. 
 
 APOPIES'MA, from a-iroiiu^w, 'I compress.' 
 Hippocrates uses the term to signify a fancied 
 expression or forcing out of humours by the 
 application of bandages in wounds and frac- 
 tures. 
 
 APOPLANESIS, Error loci. 
 
 APOPLECTIC, Apoplec'ticus. Referring to 
 Apoplexy. This word has various significations. 
 It is applied, 1. To individuals laboring under 
 apoplexy : 2. To remedies proper for combating 
 apoplexy : 3. To the constitution, temperament, 
 or make, Architectu'ra apoplec'ticn, HaVituf 
 apoplec'ticus seu quadra'tus seu toro'sus, which 
 predisposes to it, and, 4. To the symptoms which 
 characterize apoplexy ; as Apoptlectic sleep. A, 
 
APOPLECTICUS 
 
 80 
 
 APOSTASIS 
 
 stroke, A. stertor, &c. The jugulur veins have 
 also, by some, been called Apoplectic veins, Yena 
 apoplec'ticcB. 
 
 Apoplectic Cell. Focus apoplec'ticus. A 
 cavity remaining in the encephalon, after the 
 effusion of blood and its subsequent absorption. 
 APOPLECTICUS, Antiapoplectic, Apoplectic. 
 APOPLEXIA, Apoplexy — a. Catalepsia, Cata- 
 lepsia — a. Cerebralis, see Apoplexy — a. Cerebri, 
 see Apoplexy — a. Cordis, Hjemocardiorrhagia — 
 a. Hepatica, Hepatorrhagia — a. Hydroeephalioa, 
 Hydrocephalus internus — a. Interarachnoidealis, 
 Apoplexy, meningeal — a. Intermeningealis, Apo- 
 plexy, meningeal — a. Medullaris, Apoplexiamye- 
 litica — a. Meningaea, Apoplexy, meningeal. 
 
 Apoplexia Myelit'ica, A. Ifedulla'ris seu 
 Spina'lis seu Rachia' lis,II(Bmor' rhachis, Ilyelor- 
 rhag"ia, Myelapoplex' ia, (F.) Apoplexie de la 
 3Ioelle epiniere, Hemorrhagie de la Moelle epi- 
 niere, Hemato-myelie, Hemo-myelorrhagie, Hema- 
 torrhachie. Hemorrhage into the spinal mar- 
 row. 
 
 Apoplexia Nervosa, Apoplexy, nervous — a. 
 Nervosa traumatica, Concussion of the brain — -a. 
 Oculi Hajmophthalmia — a. Pituitosa, see Apo- 
 plexy — a. Pulmonalis, see Hasmoptysis — a. Pul- 
 monum, see Hajmoptysis — a. Renalis, Apoplexy, 
 renal — a. P^achialis, A. myelitica — a. Sanguinea, 
 see Apoplexy — a. Serosa, see Apoplexy — a. Sim- 
 plex, Apoplexy, nervous — a. Spa«modica, Apo- 
 plexy, nervous— a. Spinalis, Apoplexia myelitica 
 — a. Temulenta, see Temulentia. 
 
 APOPLEXIE CAP ILL AIRE, Mollities cere- 
 bri — a. Cerebrale, Apoplexy, Hemorrhayie cere- 
 brale — a. du C'ceur, Hajmocardiorrhagia. 
 
 APOPLEXIE FOUDROYANTE, 'Thun- 
 dering Apoplexy.' A form of apoplexy, which 
 is intense and rapidly fatal. 
 
 APOPLEXIE MENINOEE, Apoplexy, me- 
 ningeal — a. de la Moelle Epinieie, Apoplexy, 
 spinal. 
 
 AP'OPLEXT, Apoplex'ia, (Sc.) Poplesy, from 
 airo-'X)]Trtii', 'to strike with violence.' At the pre- 
 sent day, the term apoplexy is employed by many 
 writers to signify interstitial hemorrhage, (F.) i7e- 
 morrhagie interstitielle, or every effusion of blood, 
 which occurs suddenly into the substance of an 
 organ or tissue. Hence, we speak of cerebral 
 apoplexy, pulmonary apoplexy, Ac. <fec. For- 
 merly it was always — and still is by many — 
 used in a restricted sense, to signify, in other 
 words, the train of phenomena, which charac- 
 terize cerebral apoplexy. This disease, Hcemor- 
 rha'gia Cer'ebri, Aphro'nia, Cams Apoplex'ia, 
 Ooma Apoplex'ia, Apoplex'ia eer'ehri sanguin'ea 
 seu cerehra'lis, Eneephalorrhag"ia, San'guinis 
 ictus, Hcsniateneeph' alum, Pulpez'ia, Sidera'tio, 
 Apileps'ia, Morbus atton'itus, Gutta, Theopihle'gia, 
 Theoplex'ia, (F.) Apo23lexie, A. cerebrale, Henia- 
 toencepho.lie. Coup de sang, is characterized by 
 diminution, or loss of sensation and mental ma- 
 nifestation ; by tire cessation, more or less com- 
 plete, of motion ; and by a comatose state, — cir- 
 culation and respiration continuing. It generally 
 consists in pressure upon the brain ; either from 
 turgeseence of vessels, or from extravasation of 
 blood: hence the terms HcBmenceph'alns, Hemor- 
 rhagie cerebrale, and Eemoeneephalorrhagie, ap- 
 plied to it by some. The general prognosis is 
 unfavourable : especially when it occurs after the 
 age of 35. When Apoplexy is accompanied with 
 a hard, full pulse, and flushed countenance, it is 
 called Apoplex'ia sanguin' ea, Cntaph'ora Coma ; 
 when with a feeble pulse and pale countenance, 
 and evidences of serous effusion, Apoplex'ia se- 
 ro'sa, A. 'pituito'sa, Serous Apopilexy, Cataph'ora 
 hydroce2>hal'ica, Encephaloeh'ysis scni'Us, Hydro- 
 repih'alus acu'tus senum, Hydroencephalorrhee, 
 
 (Piorry,) Hydropisie cerebrale suraigue, Hydror- 
 rhagie. 
 
 In Nervous Apoplexy, Apoplex'ia nervo'sa seu 
 spasmod' ica, A. simplex. Simple apoplexy, no le- 
 sion whatever may be perceptible on dissection ; 
 although the patient may have died under all the 
 phenomena that are characteristic of apoplexy. 
 
 Apoplexy, Heat, see Coup-de-Soleil — a. of 
 the Heart, Hcemocardiorrhagia. 
 
 Apoplexy, Meninge'al, Apoplex'ia menin- 
 gce'a seu intermeningea'lis sen inter arachno'idea'- 
 lis, (F.) Apopjlexie meningee, Hemorrhagie me- 
 ningee. Hemorrhage from the meninges of the 
 brain or spinal marrow, generally into the great 
 cavity of the arachnoid. 
 
 Apoplexy, NERVors, see Apoplexy — a. Pul- 
 monarj', see Hajraoptysis — a. Simple, A. Nervous. 
 
 Apoplexy, Renal, Apojdex'ia rena'lis. A 
 condition of the kidney, characterized by knotty, 
 irregular, tuberculated eminences, some of a deep 
 black colour. Effusion of blood into the substance 
 of the kidney. 
 
 Apoplexy, Serous, see Apoplexy — a. Spinal, 
 Apoplexia mvelitica. 
 
 APOPNEUSIS, Exhalatio. 
 
 APOPNIXIS, Suffocation. 
 
 APOPNOE, Exspiratio. 
 
 APOPNCEA, Exspiratio. 
 
 APOPSYCHIA, Syncope. 
 
 APOPTO'SIS, from airoTiTr™, 'I fall down.' 
 A relaxation of bandages. — Erotian. 
 
 APORRHOE, Aporrhcea. 
 
 APORRHCE'A, Apor'rhoe, Apor'rhysis, Befln'- 
 vium, from aTroppeia, '1 flow from.' An emana- 
 tion, effluvium, contagion. — Moschion. A falling 
 off of the hair, according to some. 
 
 APORRHYSIS, Aporrhcea. 
 
 APOSCEM'MA, Aposcep'sis, from a-roaKmui, 
 '1 lie down, I direct myself towards.' Afflux of 
 fluids towards a part. Metastasis. The first 
 word has been applied to the excrements. — Hip- 
 pocrates, Galen. 
 
 APOSCENOSIS, Apocenosis. 
 
 APOSCEPARNIS'MUS, Deaseia'tio, from ano 
 and (TKCTTapvov, ' a hatchet.' Wound of the cra- 
 nium, by a cutting instrument, in which a piece 
 of the bone has been cut out, as with a hatchet. 
 — Gorreeus. 
 
 APOSCEPSTS, Aposcemma. 
 
 APOS'CHASIS, Aposchas'mus, from aT!0(7)^a^w, 
 ' I scarify.' Scarijiea' tion. A slight superficial in- 
 cision in the skin. Also, blood-letting. — Hippoe. 
 
 APOS'IA, Sitis defec'tus, from a, privative, 
 and -Kocig, ' drink.' Want of thirst, absence of 
 desire for liquids. 
 
 APOSI'TIA, from otto, 'from,' and clto;, 'food.' 
 Aversion for food. — Galen. See Disgust. 
 
 APOSIT'IC, AjoosfV'/eusy the same etymology. 
 Any substance which destroys the appetite, or 
 suspends hunger. 
 
 APOSPAS'MA, from ajroo-n-uu, 'I tear or lace- 
 rate. (F.) Arrachement. A solution of continu- 
 ity, especially of a ligament; Rhegma ligamen- 
 ta're, Lacera'tio ligamenta'ria. 
 
 APOSPHACEL'ISIS, Aposphacelis'mus, from 
 a-o, and a(j>aK£Xog, ' mortification.' Gangrene in 
 wounds and fractures, owing to the bandages 
 being too tight. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APOSPHINX'IS, a-!TO(Tipiy^is, constriction, com- 
 pression. The action of a tight bandage. — Hip- 
 pocrates. 
 
 APOSPONGIS'MUS, the act of sponging for 
 any purpose. — Gorreeus. 
 
 APOSTAXiAG'MA, Apiostag'ma, from airo, 
 'from,' and oraXa^aj, 'I drop.' The ancient name 
 for the saccharine liquor which flows from grapes 
 when not yet pressed. 
 
 APOS'TASIS, from qtto, and larTj/ii, ' I stop.* 
 
APOSTAXIS 
 
 8 1 APPAREILS DE FORMATION 
 
 The ancients had different significations for this 
 word. It was most commonly used for an ab- 
 scess. The separation of a fragment of bone by 
 fracture. Removal of disease by some excre- 
 tion, &c. 
 
 APOSTAX'IS, from a7rooTa|w 'I distil from.' 
 Stcixis. The defluxion of any humour, as of 
 blood from the nose. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APOSTE'MA, from aito, 'from,' and larrifii, 'I 
 settle,' or from afpiarrDii, 'I recede from.' This 
 word is used by the ancients somewhat vaguely. 
 It meant an affection in which parts, previously 
 in contact, are separated from each other by a 
 fluid collected between them. The moderns re- 
 gard it as synonymous with Abscess. Some, even 
 of the moderns, have applied it to any watery 
 tumour, and even to tumours in general. 
 
 Apostema Cerebri, Encephalopyosis — a. Em- 
 pyema, Empyema — a. Parulis, Parulis — a. Pha- 
 langum, Fourche — a. Psoaticum, Lumbar abscess. 
 
 APOSTEMACION, Abscess. 
 
 APOSTERIG'MA, from anoarvpi^oj, '1 sup- 
 port.' Anything that supports a diseased part, 
 as a cushion, a pillow, &c. — Galen. A deep- 
 seated and inveterate disease of the intestines. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 APOS'THIA, Leipoder'mia, from a, privative, 
 and voaOia, 'prepuce.' Want of prepuce. 
 
 APOSTHUME, Abscess. 
 
 APO STOLE, Extractum. 
 
 APOSTOLO'RUM UNGUEN'TUM, Dodeca- 
 pTiai-' inacum, Oinfmept of the Apostles. So called, 
 because as many solid ingredients entered into 
 its composition as there were apostles. It con- 
 tained several resins andgum-resins, yellow wax, 
 oil, vinegar, verdigris, &o., and was formerly em- 
 ployed as a vulnerary. 
 
 APOS'TROPHE, from airo, and <7rp£0a), 'I 
 turn.' An aversion or disgust for food. — Paulus. 
 Also, the direction of humours towards other 
 parts. 
 
 APOSTRMA, Abrasion, Desquamation. 
 
 APOTELES'MA, from a-rro, and TeXccjia, 'com- 
 pletion.' The result or termination of a disease. 
 See, also, Amuletum. 
 
 APOTHANASIA, see Death. 
 
 AVOTH^'G A, Pharmace'uin,Pharmacopo'lium, 
 from aTTo, and Tidrjjjii, 'to place.' Any place where 
 things are kept, and therefore 'a shop,' and par- 
 ticularly a wine cellar. A place or vessel wherein 
 medicines are kept. See Pharmacopolium. 
 
 APOTHECARIES' HALL. The Hall of the 
 Corporation or Society of Apothecaries of Lon- 
 don, where medicines are prepared and sold 
 under their direction, &c. This Company ob- 
 tained a charter of incorporation in the 15th year 
 of James the First. No general practitioner can 
 establish himself in England or Wales, without 
 having obtained a license from the Court of Ex- 
 aminers of the Company. 
 
 APOTH'ECARY, Apotheca'rius, Dispensa'tor, 
 Pharmacopo'la, Pharmacopce'us, Pharmu'ceus, 
 Pharmacen'ta, Pigmenta'rins, Rhizot'omus, My- 
 ropo'les, Myropo'lus, Pharmacter, Pharmncttr'- 
 giciis, Pharmacur'gus, Pharniaceu'tist, same deri- 
 vation, (Prov.) Pot'ecary, (Sc.) Pottingar, (F.) 
 Apothieaire, Pharmacien, Pharmacopole. In 
 every country except Great Britain, it means one 
 who sells drugs, makes up prescriptions, <fec. In 
 addition to these offices, which, indeed, they 
 rarely exercise, except in the case of their own 
 patients, the Apothecaries in England form a 
 privileged class of practitioners — a kind of sub- 
 physician. See Surgeon-apothecary. 
 
 APOTHERAPEl'A, Apotherap-ro., Apothera- 
 peu'sis, from aTro&cpaTrnia, {airo and Otpamvui,) '1 
 cure.' A perfect cure.— Hippoe. In the ancient 
 Gymnastics, it meant the last part of the exer- 
 cises : — the friction, inunction, and bathintr, for 
 6 *= 
 
 the purpose of obviating fatigue, or curing dis- 
 ease. — Galen, GorraBus. 
 
 APOTHERAPEUSIS, Apotherapeia. 
 
 APOTHER'MUM, from aTro, and &cp,,v, 'heat.' 
 A pickle made of mustard, oil, and vinegar. — 
 Galen. 
 
 APOTH'ESIS, from anoTiStint, '1 replace.' 
 The position proper to be given to a fractured 
 limb, after reduction. 
 
 APOTHICAIRE, Apothecary. 
 
 APOTHICAIREIUE (F.), from aTzo6r,Kv, 'a 
 warehouse, shop.' The same as Apotheca; also, 
 a gallipot. See Pharmacopolium. 
 
 APOTHLIM'MA, from otto, and ^Xj/3u, 'I 
 press from.' Anciently, the dregs, and some- 
 times the expressed juice, Sicccus expres'sus, of 
 plants. — Gorrseus. 
 
 APOTHRAU'SIS, from arro^pavto, 'I break.' 
 Fracture of a bone, with spicula remaining. Ex- 
 traction of a spiculum of bone. — Gorraeus. Also, 
 Abscission. 
 
 APOTILMOS, Evulsion. 
 
 APOT'OKOS, from aro, and tiktu, 'I bring 
 forth.' An abortive foetus. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APOTOME, Amputation. 
 
 APOTOMIA, Amputation. 
 
 APOTROP^UM, Amuletum. 
 
 APOTROPE, Aversion. Also, deviation — as 
 of a limb — Parat'rope. 
 
 APOXYSMUS, Abrasion. 
 
 APOZEM, Decoction. 
 
 APOZESIS, Decoction. 
 
 APPARA'TUS, Parasceu'e, from ad and pa- 
 rare, 'to prepare.' This word signifies a collec- 
 tion of instruments, &c., for any op-eration what- 
 ever. (F.) Appareil. 
 
 In Surgery, it means the methodical arrange- 
 ment of all the instruments and objects necessary 
 for an operation or dressing. By extension, the 
 French give the name Appareil, Capsa chrrvr'- 
 gica, to the case or drawers'in which the appara- 
 tus is arranged. 
 
 App)aratu8 has likewise been applied to the 
 diflFerent modes of operating for the stone. See 
 Lithotomy. 
 
 In Physiology, Apparatus, (F.) Appareil, is ap- 
 plied to a collection of organs, all of which work 
 towards the same end. A system of organs com- 
 prehends all those formed of a similar texture. 
 An apparatus often comprehends organs of very 
 different nature. In tha former, there is analogy 
 of structure ; in the latter, analogy of function. 
 
 Apparatus Altus, see Lithotomy. 
 
 Apparatus Immov'able (F.), Ajipareil immo- 
 bile, Imtnovable Bandage, Permanent Bandage. 
 An apparatus for fractures, which is generally 
 formed by wetting the bandages in some sub- 
 stance, as starch or dextrin, which becomes solid, 
 and retains the parts in situ. 
 
 Apparatus Lateralis, see Lithotomy — a. 
 Major, see Lithotomy — a. Minor, see Lithotomy. 
 
 Appareil, Apparatus, Bottier — a. iJiap- 
 nogene, see Perspiration — a. Grand, see Litho- 
 tomy — a. Haut, see Lithotomy — a. Immobile, 
 Apparatus, immovable — a. Lacrymal, see Lachry- 
 mal passages — a. Lateralise, see Lithotomy — a 
 NevrothiXe, see Nevrothele — «. Petit, see Litho- 
 tomy — a. Pigmental, Pigmental apparatus. 
 
 APPAREILS DE FORMATION {¥.). Gall 
 admits, in the brain, two kinds of fibres; the 
 one, divergent, proceeding from the cerebral 
 peduncles to the convolutions, and constituting 
 vfhat, he esills appareils deformation : the other, 
 convergent, and proceeding from the convolutions 
 to the centre of the organ, constituting what he 
 calls nppareils de reunion. The first, as a whole, 
 form the organs of the mental faculties ; the latter 
 are commissures, which unite parts of the organ 
 that are double and in pairs. 
 
APPAUVRI 
 
 82 
 
 APYROMELE 
 
 APPAUVRI, Impoverished. 
 APPENDICE, Appendis — a. Ccecal, Appen- 
 dix vermiformis cteci— a. Digital, Appendis ver- 
 miformis cseci — a. Sous-sternale, Xiphoid carti- 
 lage — a. Sus-spheno'idale du cerveaic, Pituitary 
 gland — a. Xipho'ide, Xiphoid cartilage. 
 
 Appe>t)ices Coli Adipose, Appendiculas epi- 
 
 ploicse — a. Spiplo'iques, Appendiculffi epiploic^. 
 
 APPENDICULA CEREBRI, Pituitary gland 
 
 — a. Vermiformis casci, see Appendix — a. Epi- 
 
 ploica. Epiploic appendage. 
 
 APPEXDIC'ULJE PINGUEDINO'S^, A. 
 Epiplo'iccB, Epip'loic append'ages, Appen'dices 
 coli adipo'ncB, Fim'hricB carno'sas coli, Sapp>lemKn'- 
 ta epipAo'icn, Omen'tula, (F.) Appendices Epi^ 
 ploiqiics. Prolongations of the peritoneum be- 
 yond the surface "of the great intestine, which 
 are analogous in texture and arrangement to 
 omenta. 
 
 APPEN'DIX, Epiphysis, from appendere, {ad 
 and pendere, 'to hang,') 'to hang from.' Any 
 part that adheres to an organ or is continuous 
 with it : — seeming as if added to it. Am ajopend- 
 age; an apophysis, (F.) Appendice, Annexe. 
 
 Appendix Auriculae, see Auricles of the 
 jleart — a. Cerebri, Pituitary gland — a. ad Cere- 
 brum, Cerebellum — a. Cutanea Septi Narium, 
 Statica Septi Narium— a. to the Epididymis, Yas- 
 culum aberrans — a. Ventrieuli, Duodenum. 
 
 ApPE>rDix Veriiifor'mis, Ajypendic'ula Ver- 
 mifor'mis Cas'ci, Tubus Vennicula'ris Caei, Ec'- 
 phijas, Additamen'tum Coli, Appen'dix CcBci, (F.) 
 Appendice vermiforme, A. ccBcal ou digital. A 
 vermicular process, the size of a goose-quill, 
 which hangs from the intestine caBCum. Its 
 functions are unknown. 
 Appendix Vesica, see Bladder, sacculated. 
 APPENSIO, see Analeptia. 
 AP'PETEI<[CE, Appeten'tia,irova. apipetere., [ad 
 and petere,) 'to desire.' An ardent, passionate 
 desire for any object. 
 
 AP PETIT. PERTE D', Anorexia, 
 AP'PETITE, Appeti'tus, Appeten'tia, Appeti"- 
 tia, {ad and petere,) 'to seek,' Cupi'do, Orex'is, 
 Orme : same etymology as the last. An internal 
 sensation, which warns us of the necessity of ex- 
 erting certain functions, especially those of diges- 
 tion and generation. In the latter case it is called 
 venereal appyetite, (F.) Appetit venerien: in the 
 former, simply appetite, (F.) Appetit ou Appeti- 
 tion. If the desire for food, occasioned by a real 
 want, be carried to a certain extent, it is called 
 ^joit/er, when solid food is concerned; thirst, when 
 liquid. Appetite and hunger ought not, how- 
 ever, to be employed synonymously: they are 
 different degrees of the same want. Hunger is 
 an imperious desire : it cannot be provoke-d, like 
 the appetite. It is always allayed by eating : but 
 not so the appetite; for, at times, it may be ex- 
 cited in this manner. They are very generally, 
 however, used synonymously. 
 Appetite, Morbid, Limosis. 
 Ap'petite, Vene'real, Venereal desire, (F.) 
 Le g&nesique, Amour physique, Sens genital. The 
 instinctive feeling that attracts the sexes towards 
 each other to effect the work of reproduction. 
 
 APPETITUS CANINUS, Boulimia— a. Defl- 
 ciens, Dysorexia. 
 
 APPLE, ADAM'S, Pomum Adami— a. Bitter, 
 Cucumis colocynthis — a. Curassxja, Aurantium 
 eurassaventiumf — a. Dead Sea, see Quereus infec- 
 toria — a. Eye, see Melon — a. of the Eye, Pupil 
 — a. Mad, see Quereus infeotoria — a. May, Podo- 
 phyllum peltatum — a. of Peru, Datura stramo- 
 nium — a. Root, Euphorbia coroUata — a. of Sodom, 
 see Quereus infectoria. 
 
 Apple Tea., Apple water. Slice two large, not 
 over-ripe apples, and pour over a pint of boiling 
 
 tcater. After an hour, pour off the fluid, and, if 
 necessary, sweeten with sugar. 
 Apple Tree, Pyrus malus. 
 APPLICA'TA, from ajjplicare, {ad and 2}licare, 
 ' to fold,') ' to apply.' A word, unnecessarily in- 
 troduced' into medical language, to express the 
 objects which are applied immediately to the sur- 
 face of the body, as clothes, cosmetics, baths, &c. 
 —Halle. 
 
 APPLICA'TION, App)lica'tio, (same etymon,) 
 in a moral signification, is synonymous with at- 
 tention. Also, the act of applying one thing to 
 another ; as the application of an apparatus, of 
 a bandage, blister, &c. 
 
 APPREHEN'SIO, from ad and prehendere, 
 'to take.' This word is employed in various 
 senses. It means catalepsy or catoche. — Paul 
 Zacchias. A kind of bandage for securing any 
 part. Also, a therapeutical indication. 
 
 APPRO CSE, Coition. 
 
 APPROXIMA'TIOIST, Approxima'tio, from ad 
 and proximus, 'nearest.' Ettmuller gave this 
 name to a pretended method of curing disease, 
 by making it pass from man into some animal or 
 vegetable, by the aid of immediate contact. 
 
 APRAC'TA, from a, priv., and -Trpaaaui, 'I act.' 
 Without action. An epithet for the parts of ge- 
 neration, when unfit for copulation or generation. 
 
 APRICATIO, Insolation. 
 
 APRICOT, Prunus Armeniaca, 
 
 APROCTUS, see Atretus. 
 
 APROXIA, Tamus communis. 
 
 APROSO'PIA, TriocephaV ia, from a, priv., 
 and rpoo-uiroy, ' the face.' A malformation, which 
 consists in the face being deficient. 
 
 APROSOPUS, Microprosopus. 
 
 APSINTHIA'TUM, from ax^iv^iov, 'worm- 
 wood.' A sort of drink made of wormwood. 
 
 APSINTHITES, Absinthites. 
 
 APSYCHIA, Syncope. 
 
 APSYCHISME, Idiotism. 
 
 APSYCHY, Syncope. 
 
 APSYXIA, Syncope. 
 
 APTH^, Aphthae. 
 
 APTYS'TOS, from a, priv., and Ttrvm, 'I spit.' 
 Devoid of expectoration. Ah epithet given to 
 certain pleurisies, in which there is no expectora- 
 tion. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APUS, see Apodia. 
 
 APY'ETOS, from a, priv., and Ttvov, 'pus.' An 
 external affection, which does not end in suppu- 
 ration. 
 
 APYIQUE, A^jTos. 
 
 A'PYOS, from a, priv., and irvov, 'pus.' (F.) 
 Apyique. That which does not afford pus, 
 
 APYRECTIC, Apyretic. 
 
 APYRENOMELE, Apyromele. 
 
 APYRET'IC, Apyret'icus, Apyreo'tic, Apyrea'- 
 ticus, Apyy'etus, from a, priv., and nvp, 'fire, 
 fever.' Without fever. This epithet is given to 
 days in which there is no paroxysm of a disease, 
 as in the case of an intermittent, as well as to 
 some local affections which do not induce fever. 
 Urticaria is sometimes called an aj^yretic exan- 
 them. 
 
 APYREX'IA, A'pyrexy. The same etymology. 
 Absence of fever; Dialem'ma, Dialeip'sis, Dia- 
 lip'sis, Tempu-s intercala' re. Interval' hun, Inter- 
 mis'sio. Apyrexia is the condition of an inter- 
 mittent fever between the paroxysms : the dura- 
 tion of the apyrexia consequently depends on 
 the type of the intermittent. Occasionally, the 
 term has been applied to the cessation of the 
 febrile condition in acute diseases. 
 
 APYROME'LE, Apyrenome'le, firom a, priv., 
 TTvpnv, 'a nut,' and tiriXr;, 'a joand.' A sound or 
 probe, without a button or nufc It is the Jlelo'tis, 
 
AQUA 
 
 83 
 
 AQUA SALUBRIS 
 
 SpecU'lum auricula' rium or Auricular sound of 
 Galen. 
 
 AQUA, Urine, Water — a. Acidi carboniei, 
 Acidulous water — a. Aeidula hydrosulphurata, 
 Naples water (factitious) — a. Aeris fixi, Acidu- 
 lous water (simple) — a. Alkalina oxymuriatica, 
 Eau de Javelle — a. Aluminis composita. Liquor 
 aluminis conipositus — a. Aluminosa Bateana, Li- 
 quor aluminis compositus — a. Ammonise, Liquor 
 ammonite — a. Acetatis ammoniis, Liquor ammo- 
 nise acetatis — a. Ammonias carbonatis, Liquor 
 ammoniaj subcarbonatis — a. Ammonite caustica, 
 Liquor ammonige — a. Amnii, Liquor Amnii. 
 
 Aqua Amygdala'rdm Coxcentra'ta, A. amy- 
 dala'rum amara'rum,(F.) Eaud'Ainandes ameres, 
 Water of bitter almonds. Made by bruising well 
 two pounds of bitter almonds; adding, whilst 
 triturating, ten pounds of spring loater, and four 
 pounds of alcohol; letting the mixture rest in a 
 well-closed vessel, and then distilling two pounds. 
 Used instead of the Aqua Laurocerasi, and the 
 Hydrocyanic acid. It must be given with great 
 caution. 
 
 An Aqua amTig'dalm ama'ras, Bitter Almond 
 water, has been introduced into the last edition 
 of the Ph. U. S., 1851, {01. a-mygdnl. amar. 
 ^\, ^^j > Magnes. Carbon. Jj J Aqua Oij.) Dose, 
 
 Aqua Axethi, see Anethum graveolens — a. 
 Anisi, see Pimpinella anisum — a. Anisi Fortis, 
 Spiritus anisi — a. Aquisgranensis, see Ais-la- 
 Chapelle — a. Auditoria, Cotunnius, Liquor of — 
 a. Aurantii, see Citnas aurautium — a. Azotica 
 oxygenata. Aqua nitrogenii protoxydi — a. Balsa- 
 mica arterialis. Aqua Binellii — a. Bareginensis, 
 Bareges water — a. Barytae Muriatis, see Baryta, 
 muriate of — a. Bellilucana, Balaruc waters — a. 
 Benedicta, Liquor calcis — a. Benedicta compo- 
 sita, Liquor calcis compositus — a. Benedicta E,u- 
 landi, Vinum antimonii tartarizati. 
 
 Aqua Binel'lii, Acqua Binelli, Aqua Balsam' - 
 ica arte-ia'lis, Binelli's sti/]itie, (F.) Eau de Bi- 
 nelli. A celebrated Italian hasmostatic, invented 
 by one Binelli. Its composition is unknown, but 
 its virtues have been ascribed to creasote ; al- 
 though there is reason for believing it to possess 
 no more activity than cold water. Aqua Monte- 
 rossi, (P.) Eau de Monterossi, appears to be of 
 analogous composition. 
 
 Aqua Borvonensis, Bourbonne-les-Baines, 
 mineral waters of — a. Bristoliensis, Bristol water. 
 Aqua Brocchie'iui, Acqua Broeehieri, Broc- 
 ehieri or Brocchiari water, BroccMeri' s styptic, 
 (F.) Eau de BroccMeri, Eau styptique de Broe- 
 ehieri. A supposed styptic, which made much 
 noise at Paris at one time. It is devoid of effi- 
 cacy. Dr. Paris found nothing in it but water 
 perfumed by some vegetable essence. 
 
 Aqua Calcari^ ustvE, Liquor calcis — a. Cal- 
 cis, Liquor Calcis — a. Calcis composita, Liqucfr 
 calcis compositus — a. Camphors, Mistura cam- 
 phorse — a. Camphorata, Bates's, see Cupri sulphas 
 — a. Carbonatis sodas aeidula, Acidulous water, 
 simple — a. Carui, see Carum Carui — a. Cassise, 
 see Laurus cassia — a. Catapultarum, ^r^iteSasac^e, 
 eau d' — a. Chlorini, see Chlorine. 
 
 Aqua Cinnamo'mi, Cinnamon water, (Sc.) 
 Cannel water. Distilled water of Cinnamon Bark. 
 Prepared also in the following manner. 01. Cin- 
 nam. f^ss; Magnes. Carbon,'^]; Aq. destillat. 
 Oij. Rub the oil and carbonate of magnesia; 
 add the water gradually, and filter. (Ph. U. S.) 
 Aqua Cinxamomi Fortis, Spiritus Cinnamomi 
 — a. Colcestrensis, Colchester, mineral waters of. 
 Aqua Colora'ta, ' coloured water.' A name 
 given to a prescription in which simple coloured 
 water is contained. Used in hospital cases, more 
 especially, where a placebo is demanded. 
 
 Aqua Cupri Ammoniata, Liquor c. a. — a. Cu- 
 
 pri vitriolati composita. Liquor cupri sulphatis 
 composita — a. inter Cutem, Anasarca — a. Destil- 
 lata. Water, distilled. 
 
 Aqua Fabro'rum, 'Water of Smiths.' Water in 
 which hot iron has. been quenched. A feeble 
 chalybeate. 
 
 Aqua Florum Aurantii, see Citrus aurantium 
 — a. Fluviatilis, Water, river. 
 
 Aqua Fcenic'uli, Fennel loater. The distilled 
 water of fennel seed. It may be prepared also 
 like the aqua cinnamomi. 
 
 Aqua Fontana, AVater, spring — a. Fortis, Ni- 
 tric acid — a. Goulardi, Liquor Plumbi subaeetatis 
 dilutus — a. Hepatica, Hydrosulphuretted water 
 — a. Hordeata, Decoctum hordei — a. Imbrium, 
 Water, rain — a. Infernalis, see Toddy — a. Inter- 
 cus, Anasarca — a. Inter Cutem, Anasarca — a. 
 Juniperi composita, Spiritus juniperi compositus 
 — a. Kali, Liquor potassse subcarbonatis — a. Kali 
 caustici. Liquor potassse — a. Kali praeparati. 
 Liquor potassas subcarbonatis — a. Kali puri. 
 Liquor potass^ — a. Kali subcarbonatis. Liquor 
 potassse subcarbonatis — a. Labyrinthi, Cotunnius, 
 liquor of — a. Lactis, Serum lactis— ^a. ex. Lacu, 
 Water, lake — a. Lauro-cerasi, see Prunus Lauro- 
 cerasus — a. Lithargyri acetati composita. Liquor 
 plumbi subaeetatis dilutus — a. Lucire, Spiritus 
 ammoniae succinatus — a. Marina, Water, sea — a. 
 Medicata, Water, mineral. 
 
 Aqua MbntHjE Piperi't^e, Peppermint Water. 
 The distille-d water of peppermint. It may be 
 prepared like the aqua cinnamomi. 
 
 Aqua Mentha Piperitidis Spirituosa, Spi- 
 ritus menthae piperitas — a. Menthas pulegii, see 
 Mentha pulegium — a. Mentha^ viridis. Spearmint 
 water, see Aquse menthse piperita3 — a. Menthse 
 vulgaris spirituosa, Spiritus mentha viridis — a. 
 Mineralis, Water, mineral — a. Mirabilis, Spiritus 
 pimentas — a. Monterossi, see Aqua Binellii — a. 
 Mulsa, Hydromeli — a. Natri Oxymuriatici, Li- 
 quor sodae chlorinatse — a. Neapolitana, Naples 
 water, (factitious) — a. Nephritica, Spiritus my- 
 ristica. 
 
 Aqua NiTROGEN'n Protox'ydi, Protox'ide 
 of Ni'trogen Water, Aqua azot'ica oxygena'ta, 
 Searle's piatent oxyg"enou8 aerated icater, A pa- 
 tent solution of protoxide of nitrogen, said to 
 contain five times its own bulk of gas. It has 
 been recommended as a nervine, and excitant in 
 nervous conditions, dyspepsia, &c. It has also 
 been used in cholera, and to counteract the evil 
 consequences of drunkenness. The dose is i'^^'h 
 or §viii, two or three times a day; or, in dys- 
 pepsia, as a beverage between meals. 
 
 Aqua Nivata, Water, snow — a. Nucis moscha- 
 tcB, Spiritus myristic^ — a. Ophthalmiea, Liquor 
 zinci sulphatis cum eamphora — a. Paludosa, 
 Water, marsh — a. Pedum, Urine — a. Pericardii, 
 see Pericardium — a. Phagedenica, see Hydrar- 
 gyri Oxymurias — a. Picea, see Pinus sylvestris — 
 a. Picis, see Pinus sylvestris — a. Pimentse, see 
 Myrtus Pimenta — a. Plumbi, Liquor Plumbi, 
 subaeetatis dilutus — a. Pluvialis, Water, rain — a. 
 Potassse, Liquor potassse — a. Pulegii, see Mentha 
 pulegium — a. Pulegii spirituosa, Spiritus pulegii 
 — a. Putealis, Water, well — a. ex Puteo, Water, 
 well — a. Eabelli, Elixir acidum Halleri — a. Raph- 
 ani composita, Spiritus armoracise compositus — 
 a. Regia^ Nitromuriatie acid. 
 
 Aqua Ros^, Rose Water, Rhodostag'ma, [Ros. 
 centifol. Ibviij : Aqua cong. ij. M. Distil a gallon 
 —Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Aqua Salubris, Water, mineral — a. Sambuci, 
 see Sambucus — a. Sappharina, Liquor cupri am- 
 moniata — a. Saturni, Liquor plumbi subaeetatis 
 dilutus — a. Sclopetaria, Arquebusade eau d' — a. 
 Seminum anisi composita, Spiritus anisi — ft. Semi- 
 num carui fortis, Spiritus carui — a. Sodas efTerves- 
 cens, Acidulous water, simple — a. S'oteria-, Water, 
 
AQU.E ACIDUL.E 
 
 84 
 
 AQUIPAROUS 
 
 mineral — a. St}"gia, Xitro-muriatio acid — a. Styp- 
 tica, Liquor cupri sulphatis composita — a. Sul- 
 phurata simplex, Ilydrosulphuretted water — a. 
 Pnlphureti ammoniaa, Liquor fumans Eoylii — a. 
 Thediana, Arqiiehusade eau d' — a. Theriacalis 
 Bezoardica, Chylostagma diaphoreticum Minde- 
 reri — a. Tofana, Liquor arsenicalis — a. Tosti 
 panis, Toast water — a. Traumatica Thedenii, 
 Arqiiehusade eau d' — a. Vegeto-mineralis, Liquor 
 plumbi subaeetatis dilutus — a, Viciensis, Yichy 
 water — a. Vitriolica eamphorata, Liquor zinci 
 sulphatis cum camphora — a. Vitriolica cagrulea, 
 Soluiio sulphatis cupri composita — a. Vulneraria, 
 Arquebusade eau d' — a. Zinci vitriolati cum 
 camphora, Liquor zinci sulphatis cum camphora. 
 AQU^ ACIDUL^, Acidulous waters— a. 
 BadiguEe, Bath, Mineral waters of^ — a. Badizse, 
 Bath, Mineral waters of — a. Bathonije, Bath, 
 Mineral waters of — a. Buxtoniensis, Buxton, Mi- 
 neral waters of — a. Calidse, Aigues caudes — a. 
 Cantuarienses, Canterbury, waters of — a. Chaly- 
 beatfe, Waters, mineral, chalybeate. 
 
 Aqd^ Destilla't^e, Hijdrola'ta, Distilled 
 Waters, (F.) Hydrolats. These are made by 
 putting vegetable substances, as roses, mint, 
 pennyroyal, &c., into a still with water, and 
 drawing oif as much as is found to possess the 
 aromatic properties of the plant. To every gallon 
 of the distilled water, 5 oz. of spirit should be 
 added to preserve it. The simple distilled waters 
 are sometimes called AqucB stillatit"icE sim'23licea : 
 th-e spirituous, Aqua stillatit'ia spirituo' sa, but 
 more commonly Spir'itus. 
 
 Aquje Ferros^e, Waters, mineral, chabybeate. 
 AqUjE Martiales, Waters, mineral, chalybeate. 
 Aquj; Mkdica't^, Jfedicated waters include, in 
 the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, prepara- 
 tions consisting of waters impregnated with some 
 medicinal substance, wh<ich arenotarrangedin any 
 other class. Among these are the " AVaters," and 
 "Distilled waters" of the British pharmacopoeias. 
 Aqc^ Metus, Hydrophobia — a. Minerales aci- 
 dulae — a. AVaters, mineral, gaseous — a. Minerales 
 ferruginosEe, Waters, mineral, chalybeate — a. Mi- 
 nerales sulphurese. Waters, mineral, sulphureous 
 — a. Stillatitise, Aquae destillatse — a. Solis, Bath, 
 mineral waters of. 
 
 AQUiEDUC'TUS, Aq'ueduct, from aqua, 'wa- 
 ter,' and ducere, ductum, ' to lead.' (F.) Aque- 
 duc. Properly, a canal for conducting water 
 from one place to another. Anatomists have 
 used it to designate certain canals. 
 
 Aqu^dcctcs Cerebri, Infundibulum of the 
 brain — a. Cotunnii, Aquaeductus vestibuli. 
 
 Aqtj^duc'tus Coch'le^, (F.) Aqueduc du Li- 
 viaQon ; — a very narrow canal which proceeds 
 from the tympanic scala of the cochlea to the 
 posterior edge of the jtsars petroscr. 
 
 Aqu^duc'tus Fallo'pii, Cana'lis Fallo'pii, 
 Canal spiro'ide del'os temporal of Chaussier, (F.) 
 Aqueduc de Fallope. A canal in the pars petro- 
 sa of the temporal bone, which extends from the 
 meatus auditorius internus to the foramen stylo- 
 mastoideum, and gives passage to the facial 
 nerve. The opening into this aqueduct is called 
 Hia'tua Fallo'pii, H. Cana'lis Fallo'pii, Fissu'- 
 ra Cana'lis Fallo'pii, Fora'men Tari'ni, F. 
 arton'ymurn Ferrein'ii. 
 
 Aqlt^dttc'tus Syl'tii, Cana'lis eminen'tice 
 quadrigem' inoB, Iter ad quartum ventric' ulum seu 
 d ter'tio ad quar'tum ventric' ulum, Cana'lis me'di- 
 V.9, (F.) Aqueduc de Sylvius, Oanal intermediare 
 des ventricules of Chaussier. A canal forming a 
 communication between the third and fourth 
 ventricles of the brain. The ventricular opening 
 is termed anus cer'ebri. 
 
 Agu^DUc'Trs Vestib'uli, Aquwdnctus Cotun'- 
 nii. Canal of Cotun'nius, (F.) Aqueduc du vestibule 
 ou Aqueduc de Cotugno. This begins in the ves- 
 
 tibule, near the common orifice of the two semi- 
 circular canals, and opens at the posterior surface 
 of the pars petrosa. 
 
 AQUALIC'ULUS, from aqualis, 'a wat-er-pot.' 
 That part of the abdomen which extends from 
 the umbilicus to the pubes. See Hypogastrium. 
 It has also been applied to the stomach or intes- 
 tinal canal. 
 
 AQUAS'TER. A word used, by Paracelsus, 
 to express the visions or hallucinations of pa- 
 tients. 
 
 AQUEDUC, Aqueduct — a. de Cotugno, Aquse- 
 ductus vestibuli — a. de Fallope, Aquaeductus Fal- 
 lopii — a. du Limagon, Aqusfrductus cochleae — a. 
 de Sylvius, Aquaeductus Sylvii — a. du Vestibule, 
 Aquaeductus vestibuli. 
 
 AQUEDUCT, Aquffiductus. 
 
 A'QUEOUS, A'queus, Aquo'sus, Hydato'des. 
 Hydro' des, from aqua, 'water,' (F.) Aqueux, 
 AVatery. The absorbents or lymphatics are 
 sometimes called, in France, Conduits ou Canaux 
 aqueux. 
 
 Aqueous Humour of the Eye, Humor aquo'- 
 sus, Ooei'des, Oo'des, Hydato'i'des, Hydato'des, 
 Ova'tus seu Ovifor'mis humour, Albugin'eou^ hu- 
 mour, (F.) Humeur aqueuse. The limpid fluid 
 which fills the two chambers of the eye, from the 
 cornea to' the crystalline, and which is, conse- 
 quently, in contact with the two surfaces of the 
 iris. Quantity, 5 or 6 grains : s. g. 1.000.3. It 
 contains albumen, chloride of sodium, and phos- 
 phate of lime in small quantity j and is enveloped 
 in a fine membrane : — the membrane of the aqueous 
 humour. Tunica propria seu Vagi'na seu Jfeyn- 
 bra'na seu Cap'stda humo'ris a'quei seu 3Iem- 
 hra'na Demuria'na seu Descemet'ii, Membrune- 
 of Demours or of Descemet ; although these last 
 terms are by some appropriated to a third layer 
 of the cornea. 
 
 AQUEUS, Aqueous. 
 
 AQUIDUCA, Hydragogues. 
 
 AQUIFOLIUM, Ilex aquifolium — a. Foliis 
 deciduis, Prinos. 
 
 AQUILA, Hydrargyri submurias. Sulphur. 
 
 The alchymists used this word for sublimed 
 sal ammoniac, precipitated mercury, arsenic, sul- 
 phur, and the philosopher's stone. See Hydrar- 
 gyri Submurias, and Sulphur. 
 
 Aq'uila Ccelest'is; a sort of panacea, of 
 which mercury was a constituent. 
 
 Aq'uila Lach'rym^; a liquor prepared from 
 several ingredients, especially from calomel. 
 
 Aq'uila PniLosoPHo'EUJt. The alchymists, 
 whose terms were always mysterious, called mer- 
 cury thus, when reduced to its original form. 
 
 Aq'uila A^'ex'eris ; an ancient preparation, 
 made by subliming verdigris and sal ammoniac. 
 
 AQUILA A^EN^, Temporal veins. 
 
 AQUILE'GIA, A. vulga'ris seu sylves'tris seu 
 Alpi'na, Common Colombine or Columbine, (F.) 
 Ancolie. Order, Ranunculaceae. From aquila, 
 'the eagle,' owing to some fancied resemblance of 
 the spurs to talons. The seeds, herb, and flowers 
 were formerly used in jaundice and cutaneous 
 diseases. They are still retained in many of the 
 Pharmacopoeias of continental Europe. 
 
 Aquilegia Alpes'A, Aquilegia. 
 
 Aquilegia Canaden'sis, Wild Columbine, is 
 indigenous, and flowers in April and June. The 
 seeds are said to be tonic. 
 
 Aquilegia Syltesteis, Aquilegia — a. A'ul- 
 garis, Aquilegia. 
 
 AQUILIC'IA SAMBU'CIISTA, from aqua, 
 'water,' and elicire, 'to attract,' because it grows 
 in moist places. [?] An East Indian plant, the 
 decoction of whose root is used in indigestion to 
 allay heartburn. 
 
 AQUIP'AROUS, (F.) Aquipare, from aqua, 
 'water,' and pario, 'I bring forth.' An epitfa°t 
 
AQUO-CAPSULITIS 
 
 ARANEOSUS 
 
 for glands which, like the parotid, secrete much 
 ■water, in contradistinction to the submaxillary 
 glands, which are muciparous. 
 
 AQUO-CAPSULITIS, Aquo-membranitis. 
 
 AQUO-MEMBRANI'TIS, Keratoiri'tie, Aquo- 
 capiiidi'tis, HydromeningV tie. Inflammation of 
 the anterior chamber of the eye. A badly com- 
 pounded term, denoting inflammation of the cap- 
 sule or membrane of the aqueous humour. 
 
 AQUULA, Ceratocele, Hydatid, Hydroa — a. 
 Acustica, Cotunnius, liquor of. 
 
 Aquula seu Aqua Morgagnh. The minute 
 portion of water which escapes when an opening 
 is made into the capsule of the crystalline. 
 
 AQUULA VITREA AUDITIVA, Vitrine au- 
 ditive. 
 
 ARA PARVA, a small altar; — a kind of band- 
 age invented by Sostratus, which represents the 
 corners of an altar. — Galen. 
 
 AR'ABE ; a wound, a blow. — Erotian. 
 
 ARAB'ICA ANTID'OTUS HEPAT'ICA, Ar'- 
 ahie Hepat'ic An'tidote. A powder composed of 
 myrrh, costus, white pepper, &c. It was admi- 
 nistered in new wine. 
 
 ARAB'ICUS LAPIS. A sort of white marble, 
 analogous to alabaster, found in Arabia. It was 
 regarded as absorbent and desiccatiFe, and was 
 employed in hemorrhoids. 
 
 ARABIS BARBAREA, Erysimum barbarea. 
 
 AR'ABIS MALAG'xMA. An antiscrofulous 
 medicine, composed of myrrh, olibanum, wax, 
 sal ammoniac, iron pyrites, &c. — Celsus. 
 
 ARABISTS, SCO Arabs, medicine of the. 
 
 AR'ABS, MEDICINE OF THE. The Ara- 
 bians kept the torch of medical science illumi- 
 nated during a dark period of the middle ages. 
 Before the year of the Hegira, they had schools 
 of medicine ; but these were most flourishing 
 during the 10th, 11th, and 12th centuries. The 
 chief additions made by them to medical science 
 were in the departments of pharmacy and in the 
 description of diseases. Their principal writers 
 were Avicenna, Serapion, Averrhoes, Ilali Abbas, 
 Moses Maimonides, Avenzoar, Rhazes, Albucasis, 
 kc. The disciples of the AralD school were called 
 Ar'abista. 
 
 ARACACHA, Conium moschatum. 
 
 ARACHIS AFRICANA, A. hypogea— a. Ame- 
 ricana, A. Hypogea. 
 
 Ar'achis Hypoge'a, A. America'na seu Afri- 
 ca' na, AracTinV da hypogea, Ground nut, Pea nut, 
 Earth almond, (S.) Mane; erroneously called 
 Pistachio nut, in the South; Pindars of the West 
 Indies. Ord. Leguminosse. Cultivated in the 
 Southern States. The seeds are oily, and are 
 eaten. A kind of inferior chocolate may be 
 made of them. 
 
 ARACH'NE, apax^Vj 'a spider,' 'a cobweb.' 
 Hence, Arachnitis, <tc. 
 
 ARACHNIDA hypogea, Arachis hypogea. 
 
 ARACHNI'TIS, more properly Arachno'idi'tis, 
 Arachnodei'tis, Inflammation of the Arachnoid. 
 A variety of phrenitis. 
 
 ARACHNODEITIS, Arachnitis. 
 
 ARACH'NOID, Arachnoideus, Arachno'des, 
 from apaxyv, 'a cobweb,' and cibog, 'form, resem- 
 blance.' Resembling a spider's web. 
 
 Arachnoid Canal, see Canal, arachnoid. 
 
 Arachnoid of the Eye. The lining mem- 
 brane of a cavity, supposed by some to exist be- 
 tween the sclerotic and choroid. 
 
 Arach'noid Membrane, lleninx me'dia seu 
 sero'sa, Tu'nica ara'nea seu crystal'lina, Me- 
 niii'gion. A name given to several membranes, 
 which, by their extreme thinness, resemble spi- 
 der-webs. Celsus and Galen called thus the 
 membrane of the vitreous humour, — the tunica 
 hyaloidea. The moderns use it now for one of 
 the membranes of the brain, situate between the 
 
 dura mater and pia mater. It is a serous mem- 
 brane, and composed of two layers ; the external 
 being confounded, in the greater part of its extent, 
 with the dura mater, and, like it, lining the inte- 
 rior of the cranium and spinal canal; the other 
 being extended over the brain, from which it is 
 separated by the pia mater, without passing int« 
 the sinuosities between the convolutions, and 
 penetrating into the interior of the brain by an 
 opening at its posterior part under the corpus 
 callosum. It forms a part of the investing sheath 
 of the nerves, as they pass from the encephalic 
 cavities. Its chief uses seem to be : — to envelop, 
 and, in some measure, protect the brain, and to 
 secrete a fluid for the purpose of keeping it in a 
 state best adapted for the proper performance of 
 its functions. 
 
 ARACHNOIDITIS, Arachnitis. 
 
 ARA.CW , Arrack ; (East Indian.) A spiritu- 
 ous liquor made in India in various ways, often 
 from rice, sometimes from sugar fermented along 
 with the juice of the cocoa nut; frequently from 
 toddy, the juice which flows from the cocoa-nut 
 tree by incision, and from other substances. It 
 is a strong, heating spirit. 
 
 Arack, Mock, is made by adding Qij of Ben- 
 zoic acid to a quart of rum. The celebrated 
 Vauxhall punch is made with such arack. 
 
 ARACOUCHINI, Idea aracouchini. 
 
 ARACUS AROMATICUS, Vanilla. 
 
 AR'ADOS, Apaiog. The agitation excited in 
 the stomach by the coction of aliments of differ- 
 ent nature. — Hippocrates. Likewise, the motion 
 produced by cathartics. 
 
 AR^OMA, Interstice. 
 
 AREOMETER, Areometer. 
 
 AR^OT'ICA, from apatow, 'I rarefy.' Medi- 
 cines supposed to have the quality of rarefying 
 the humours. See Rarefaciens. 
 
 ARAKI, see Spirit. 
 
 ARALIA CANADENSIS, Panax quinquefo- 
 lium. 
 
 Ara'lia His'pida, Dwarf Elder, Ord. Aralia- 
 cefe, is said to be diuretic, and has been recom- 
 mended, in decoction, in dropsy. 
 
 Ara'lia Nudicau'lis, Nardus America' nus, 
 Small Spiilcenard, Wild Liq'uorice, Sweet root, 
 False or Wild Sarsaparil'la, (F.) Petit nctrd. 
 This American plant is said to be a mild stimu- 
 lant and diaphoretic, and has been recommended 
 as a substitute for sarsaparilla. It is used, also, 
 as a tonic. It is in the secondary list of the 
 Pharmacopoeia of the United States. 
 
 Ara'lia Racemo'sa, Arnericaii Spikenard, has 
 the same properties as A. Nudicaulis. 
 
 Ara'lia Spino'sa, Anc/el'ica Tree, Prickly 
 Ash, Toothach Tree, Spikenard Tree, Prickly 
 Elder, Shothush, Pigeon Tree. Its properties are 
 not clear. The berries, and a tincture of them, 
 have been employed, it is said, successfully in 
 toothach. A spirituous infusion has also been 
 used in colic. The bark is ofiBcinal in the Phar- 
 macopoeia of the United States. 
 
 ARANEA, Aranese Tela — a. Tarentula, see 
 Tarentula. 
 
 ARA'NEA TELA, Ara'nea, Ara'newn, Cob- 
 iceb, (F.) Toile d'Araignee. Formerly, this sub- 
 stance was much employed, and supposed to pos- 
 sess extraordinary virtues, especially when ap- 
 plied to the wrists. It has been recently used 
 again in intermittents. The spider itself, soft- 
 ened into a plaster and applied to the forehead 
 and temples, is said by Dioscorides to prevent 
 ague. Cobweb is a mechanical styptic, and is so 
 applied at times. 
 
 ARANEO'SA URI'NA. A term applied to 
 the urine when loaded with filaments, like cob 
 webs. 
 
 ARANEO'SUS (PULSUS); a term employed 
 
ARANEUM 
 
 86 
 
 ARCHIATER 
 
 to express extreme weakness of pulse ; ■when the 
 movements resemble those of a delicate net raised 
 by the wind. 
 
 ARANEUM, Aranea3 Tela. 
 
 Ara'nedm Ulcus, Astakil'los. A name given 
 by Paracelsus to a malignant, gangrenous ulcer, 
 extending from the feet to the legs. 
 
 ARARA, Myrobalanus citrina. 
 
 ARASCON, Nymphomania, Satyriasis. 
 
 ARATRUM, Vomer. 
 
 ARAUCARIA DOMBEYI, Dombeya excelsa. 
 
 ARBOISE, Arbutus unedo. 
 
 ARBOL BE LEGHE, Galactodendron utile. 
 
 ARBOR BENIVI, Benjamin— a. Indiea, Lau- 
 rus cassia — a. Maris, Coral — a. Thurifera, Juni- 
 perus Lycia — a. Uteri Vivificans, Palmffi uteri 
 plieatas. 
 
 Arbor Vit^, (F.) Arhre de vie. A name 
 given to an arborescent appearance, observed on 
 cutting the cerebellum longitudinally ; and which 
 results from the particular arrangement of the 
 white substance with the cineritious. Also, the 
 Thuya occidentalis. 
 
 Arbor Vit^, American, Thuya occidentalis — 
 a. Vita3 Uterinus, Palmse uteri plicataj — a. Vitse 
 of the Uterus, Palmse uteri plicatse. 
 
 AR'BORES. A morbid alteration of the skin, 
 which precedes its ulceration. Ruland. 
 
 ARBORIZA'TION, Arborisa'tio, (F.) Arbori- 
 sation, from arbor, arboris, 'a tree.' The figure 
 or appearance of a tree or plant. The capillary 
 vessels, when injected, as in inflammation, fre- 
 quently appear under the form of Arborizations. 
 
 ARBOUSIER, Arbutus unedo. 
 
 ARBRE DE VIE, Arbor Vitse. 
 
 ARBUSCULA GUMMIFERA BRAZILIEX- 
 SIS, Hypericum bacciferum. 
 
 ARBUTUS, A. Unedo — a. Trailing, A. Uva 
 ursi, EpigEea repens. 
 
 Ar'butus Uva JJusi, Arctosfaph'ylos Uva ursi, 
 llaira'nia uva ursi. Orel. Ericaceos. Sex Si/st. 
 Decandria Monogynia. (F.) BiisseroUe ou Rai- 
 sin d'Ours. The leaves — (?7(.-fi Ursi, Ph. U. S.) 
 — of this plant are tonic and astringent, and have 
 been employed, chiefly, in diseases of the urinary 
 organs, and also as a parturifacient. Dose of the 
 powder from gr. xv to ^ss. The English names 
 are Trailing Ar'butus, Bear's Whortleberry or 
 Bearberry, Mountain-box, Bedberry, Upland 
 Cranberry, Foxberry, Ghecherberry, (Sc.) Braio- 
 lins. 
 
 Ar'butus Une'do, Ar'butus, Andrach'ne, Une'- 
 do, U. papyra'eea, Koixapos, (F.) Arbousier, Ar- 
 boise. A decoction of the leaves is astringent, 
 and has been used in diarrhoea. 
 
 ARC, Arch, Arcus, (F.) Are, Arcade (diminu- 
 tive). Any part of the body resembling an arch 
 in form; as the Arch of the colon, (F.) Arc dii 
 colon, — the transverse portion of that intestine : 
 — Arch of the Aorta, Arcics aor'tcB, (F.) Crosse 
 de I'Aorte, &c., the turn which the aorta takes in 
 the thorax. 
 
 ARCA ARCANORUM, Hydrargyrum— a. Cor- 
 dis, Pericardium. 
 
 ARCADE, see Are — a. Anastomotique, Arch, 
 anastomotic — a. Crurale, Crural arch — a. Ingui- 
 nale, Crural arch — a. Orbitaire, Orbitar arch — 
 a. Pubienne, Pubic arch- — a. Zygomatique, Z3'go- 
 matic arch. 
 
 ARCADES DENTAIRES, Dental arches — 
 a. Pabnaires, Palmar arches. 
 
 AR CADI- TEMP OR 0-MAXILLAlRE, Tem- 
 poralis. 
 
 ARCZE'US or ARCCE'US, BALSAM OF, (F.) 
 Banme d'Arcoeus. A kind of soft ointment used 
 in sores, contusions, &c. It is made by melting 
 two parts of mutton suet, one part of hog's lard : 
 
 turpentine and rosin, each one part and a half; 
 straining and agitating till cold. 
 
 ARC ANSON, Colophonia. 
 
 ARCA'NUM, from area, 'a chest.' A secret, 
 a nostrum, a quack or empir'ieal med'icine, (F.) 
 Arcane. A remedy whose composition is kept 
 secret; but which is reputed to possess great 
 efficacy. 
 
 Arcanum Corallinuji, Hydrargyri nitrico- 
 oxydum — a. Duplicatum, Potassse sulphas — a. 
 Tartari, Potassse acetas. 
 
 ARCEAU, Arculus, Cradle. 
 
 ARCEUTHOS, Juniperus communis. 
 
 ARCH, ANASTOMOT'IC, (F.) Arcade Anasto- 
 motique, is the union of two vessels, which anas- 
 tomose by describing a curved line. The vessels 
 of the mesentery anastomose in this manner. 
 
 Arch op the Aorta, see Aorta — a. Crural, see 
 Crural arch — a. Femoral, see Crural arch — a. 
 Gluteal, see Gluteal aponeurosis — a. Hjemal, see 
 Haemal arch— a. Inguinal, see Crural arch — a. Or- 
 bital, see Orbitar arch — a. of the Palate, see Palate 
 bone — a. of the Pubis, see Pubie arch— a. Subpu- 
 bic, see Subpubic arch — a. Superciliary, see Su- 
 perciliary arches — a. of a Vertebra, see Vertebrae — 
 a. Zj'gomatic, see Zygomatic arch. 
 
 Arches op the Palate. These are two in 
 number on each side of the throat, one of which 
 is termed anterior, the other posterior. 
 
 The anterior arch arises from the middle of 
 the velum palati, at the side of the uvula, and is 
 fixed to the edge of the base of the tongue. 
 
 The posterior arch has its origin, likewise, from 
 the side of the uvula, and passes downwards to 
 be inserted into the side of the pharynx. The 
 anterior arch contains the circuuiflexus palati, 
 and forms the isthmus faucium. The posterior 
 areh has within it the levator palati, and be- 
 tween the arches are the tonsils. 
 
 ARCHjE'US, Arehe'us, from a/j^tj, 'commence- 
 ment,' (F.) Archie. A word invented by Basil 
 Valentine, and afterwards adopted by Paracelsus 
 and Van Helmont. The latter used it for the 
 internal principle of our motions and actions. 
 This archajus, according to Van Helmont, is an 
 immaterial principle, existing in the seed prior 
 to fecundation, and presiding over the develop- 
 ment of the body, and over all organic pheno- 
 mena. Besides this chief archasus, whose seat 
 Van Helmont placed in the upper orifice of the 
 stomach, he admitted several of a subordinate 
 character, which had to execute its orders; one, 
 for instance, in each organ, to preside over its 
 functions; each of them being subject to anger, 
 caprice, terror, and every human feeling. 
 
 ARCHANGEL, NEW, MINERAL SPRINGS. 
 About twenty miles to the north of New Arch- 
 angel, Sitka Island, on the N. W. coast of North 
 America, are some thermal sulphureous waters, 
 the temperature of one of which is upwards of 
 153° of Fahr. They are much celebrated. — Sir 
 Geo. Simpson. 
 
 ARCHANGELICA, Lamium album— a. Offici- 
 nalis, Angelica. 
 
 ARCHE, apX'h Init"ium, Princip'imn, Primor'- 
 dium, Ori'go, Inva'sio. The first attack of a dis- 
 ease. 
 
 ARCHECPTOMA, Proctocele. 
 
 ARCH.ee, Archeeus. 
 
 ARCHELL, CANARY, Lichen roccella. 
 
 ARCHELOG"IA, from apxn^ 'beginning,' and 
 \oyo^, 'a discourse.' A treatise on fundamental 
 principles — of medicine, for example. 
 
 ARCHEN'DA. A powder of the leaves of the 
 ligustrum, used by the Egyptians after bathing, 
 to obviate the unpleasant odour of the feet. — 
 Prosper Alpinus. 
 
 ARCHIA'TER, ArcMa'trus, Protomed'icua, 
 
ARCHIGEXI MORBI 
 
 87 
 
 AREXATIO 
 
 Proiin'tros, from apxi^, 'I am first,' and laroos' I 
 'pbTsieian.' The original signification of this i 
 word is a matter of dispute. Some consider, with j 
 Mercurialis, that it meant physician to a prince, ■ 
 king, emperor, &c.; others, with C. Hoffmann, ap- 
 p!j' it to every physician who, by his situation, 
 is raised above his colleagues. The former opi- 
 nion seems to have prevailed — Archiatre des 
 Piois de France being applied to the chief physi- 
 cian to the kings of France. 
 
 ARCHIG"EXI MORBI. Acute diseases; be- 
 cause they hold the first rank : from agxVi 'be- 
 ginning,' and yivo^ai, ' I am.' 
 
 ARCHIMAGIA, Chvmistry. 
 
 ARCHIXGEAY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Archingeay is situate in France, three leagues 
 from St. .Jean d'Angely. The waters are prized 
 in all diseases. They seem to contain carbonate 
 of lime, a little chloride of sodium, carbonate of 
 iron, and some bitumen. 
 
 ARCHITECIURA APOPLECTICA, Apo- 
 plectic make. 
 
 ARCHITIS, Proctitis, Rectitis. 
 
 ARCHOCELE, Proctocele. 
 
 ARCHOPTOMA, Proctocele. 
 
 AROHOPTOSIS, Proctocele. 
 
 ARCHORRHA'GIA, from apx°^, 'the anus,' 
 and citui, 'I flow.' Archorrhce'a. Hemorrhage 
 from the anus. 
 
 ARCHORRHCEA, Archorrhagia. 
 
 ARCHOS. Arcus. Rectum. 
 
 ARCHOSTEGXOMA, Stricture of the Rectum. 
 
 ARCHOSTEGXOSIS, Stricture of the Rectum. 
 
 ARCHOSTEXOSIS, Stricture of the Rectum. 
 
 ARCHOSYRIXX, Fistula in ano. 
 
 AR'CIFOPi-M, Arcifor'mis, from arx, arcis, 
 'a top or ridge,' and forma, 'shape.' An epi- 
 thet given to certain fibres, Fibrm arciform'es, 
 of the anterior pyramids of the medulla oblon- 
 gata, which take a curved course around the in- 
 ferior extremity of each corpus olivare and ascend 
 towards the cerebellum. 
 
 ARCTA'TIO, Arctitu'do, from arcto, '1 make 
 narrow;' Angnsta'tio, Coarcta'tio, (F.) Befrect's- 
 sement. Contraction of a natural opening or of a 
 canal, and especially of the vulva, of the orifice 
 of the uterus, or of the intestinal canal. Consti- 
 pation, (see Stegnosis.) Reunion by suture or 
 infibulation. — Scribonius Largus, Paul Zac- 
 ehias. &c. 
 
 ARCTITUDO, Arctatio. 
 
 ARCTIU^I, A. lappa — a. Bardana, A. lappa. 
 
 Akctium Lappa. The root and seed of the 
 Clit'bur, Barda'na, ApK^iov, Arctium, A. harda'na, 
 seu majns seu minus seu tomento'sum, I'laphis, 
 Lappa glabra, Lappa major seu persona'ta, Per- 
 sola'ta, Persolla'ta, Persolii'ta, Burdock, (Old 
 Eng.) CUthe, Cuckold, (F.) Bardane, Glouteron, 
 Eerhe aux teigneux. Ord. Compositae. Sex. Syst. 
 Syngenesia aequalis. Boot, Lappa (Ph. U. S.), 
 diuretic ; seed, cathartic. It has been used in 
 decoction in diseases of the skin and in syphilis. 
 
 ARCTicJt MA.jns, A. lappa — a. Minus, A. lappa 
 — a. Tomentosum, A. lappa. 
 
 ARC'TOPUS ECHIXA'TUS. A South Afri- 
 can plant, Ord,. Umbelliferse, which is demulcent 
 and diuretic, somewhat approaching sarsaparilla. 
 The decoction of the root is employed in syphilis, 
 lepra, and chronic cutaneous affections of all 
 kinds. 
 
 ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA URSI, Arbutus 
 uva ursi. 
 
 ARCTU'RA, from arcto, 'I straighten.' The 
 effects of a nail grown into the flesh, Arctu'ra 
 unguis. See Onychogryphosis. 
 
 Arctcra Uxgcium. The growing in or inver- 
 sion of the nails. See Onychogryphosis. 
 
 A-RCUA'TIO, Concava'tio. An anterior gib- 
 bosity or projection of the sternum. 
 
 ARCUEIL, MIX'ERAL WATERS OF. Ar- 
 cueil is about one league south of Paris. The 
 water contains carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, 
 sulphate of lime, chloride of sodium, and some 
 deliquescent salts. 
 
 A celebrated society held its meetings at this 
 village, of which Berthollet, Humboldt^ La Place, 
 &c., were members. 
 
 ARCULA CORDIS, Pericardium. 
 
 ARCUL^. The Orbitar Fossee : TrotAic'js. — 
 Rufus of Ephesus. 
 
 APtC'ULUS, diminutive of arcus, 'an arch.' A 
 small arch ; a cradle, (F.) Arceau, ArcJiet. A 
 semicircular box or basket used for preventing 
 the bed-clothes from coming in contact with in- 
 jured or diseased parts. An ordinance of the 
 Grand Duke of Tuscany forbade mothers to sleep 
 with an infant near them, unless it was put under 
 a solid cradle. 
 
 ARCUS MEDULLARIS, Fornix— a. Senilis, 
 Gerotoxon — a. Subpubicus, Subpubic arch — a. 
 Superciliaris, Superciliary arches — a. Unguium, 
 see Xail — a. Zygomaticus, Zygomatic arch. 
 
 ARDALOS, Excrement. 
 
 ARDAS, Excrement. 
 
 ARDEXT, Ardens, from ardere, 'to burn.' 
 
 Ardent Fever, (F.) Fievre ardente. C'ausus, 
 Syiioclia, or inflammatory fever. 
 
 Ardent or Inflamed Eyes, (F.) Yeux ardens. 
 The eyes are so called when injected red. 
 
 Ardent Urine, (F.) Urine ardente. Urine of 
 a deep red. 
 
 ARDESIA HIBERXICA, Hibernicus lapis. 
 
 ABDEUB, Ardor — a. du Cotur, Cardialgia — 
 a. d' Estomac, Ardor ventriculi, Pyrosis — «. dn 
 la Fievre, Ardor Febrilis — a. d' Urine, Ardor 
 Urinas. 
 
 AR'DOR, (F.) Ardeur. Heat. A feeling of 
 burning, of violent heat; uEstu^, JEstua'tio, Cau- 
 sa' ma. 
 
 Ardor Febri'lis, (F.) Ardeur de la Fievre, 
 The hot period of fever. 
 
 Ardor Stomachi, Pyrosis. 
 
 Ardor Uri'nje, (F.) Ardeur d' Urine. A scald- 
 ing sensation occasioned by the urine in passing 
 over the inflamed mucous membrane of the ure- 
 thra, or over the neck of the bladder. 
 
 Ardor Venereus, Heat. 
 
 Ardor Ventric'uli, Ebullit"io Stom'aehi, 
 Heartburn, (Sc.) Heartaxes, Heartscald, Hersket, 
 (F.) Ardeur d'Estomac. See Cardialgia and 
 Pyrosis. 
 
 A'REA, 'a void place,' 'an open surface.' A 
 Latin word used by some authors to designate a 
 variety of Alopecia, in which the hair changes 
 colour, but does not fall off; also, Porrigo de- 
 calvans. 
 
 Area Germinativa, Tache enihryonnaire. 
 
 Area Pellu'cida. An elliptical depression in 
 the ovum, filled with a pellucid fluid, in the cen- 
 tre of which is the germ. 
 
 Area Vasculo'sa, see Circulus venosus. 
 
 ARE'CA. The fruit — Are'ca nut, Betel nut — 
 of Are'ca Cat'ecliu seu Fa.ufel, Caun'ga ; Ord. 
 Palmae ; Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia ; (F.) 
 Arec, is astringent and tonic, and enters into the 
 composition of the Betel, the great masticator}' 
 of the Orientals. 
 
 Areca Catechtt, see Areca — a. Faufel, see 
 Areca. 
 
 AREFAC'TIOX, Arefac'tio, Xerun'sis, ^vpavais, 
 from arefacere, 'to make dry,' (arere, 'to dry,' 
 and facere, 'to make.') The process of drying 
 substances, prior to pulverization. 
 
 AREXA, see Gravel. 
 j AREX'AMEX, Bole Armenian. 
 1 AREXA'TIO, Lihuma'tio, Chosis, Sand or 
 
ARENGA SACCHARIFERA 
 
 ARGEMONE MEXICANA 
 
 Earth Bath; from arena, 'sand:' Saburra'tio. 
 The application of hot sand to the body. Pedi- 
 hi'via [?] of sand were formerly used in Ascites. 
 ARENGA SACCHARIFERA, see Toddy. 
 AREXO'SA URI'XA, Sandy Urine. Urine 
 ■when it deposits a sandy sediment. 
 
 ARENO'SUS, Sabulous. Also, one who passes 
 sandy urine. 
 
 ARENULA, see Gravel. 
 
 ARE'OLA. A diminutive of Area, fF.) Au-e. 
 Anatomists understand by Areola the int-er- 
 8tiees between the fibres composing organs, or 
 those existing between laminse, or between ves- 
 sels which interlace with each other. 
 
 Areola is also applied to the coloured circle 
 Halo, Halos, which surrounds the nipple, Are'- 
 ola papilla' rh, and which becomes much darker 
 during pregnancy; as well as to the circle sur- 
 Founding certain vesicles, pustules, ifcc., as the 
 pustules of the small-pox, the vaccine vesicle, 
 <£c. Chaussier, in such cases, recommends the 
 word Aure'ola, (F.) Aureole. 
 
 Areola Papillaris, see Areola — a. Tubercles 
 of the, see Mamma. 
 
 ARE'OLAR, Areola'ris. Appertaining to an 
 areola. 
 
 Areolab Exhalations are -those reeremen- 
 titial secretions which are effected within the 
 organs of sense, or in parenchymatous struc- 
 tures — as the aqueous, crystalline, and vitreous 
 humours, &c. 
 
 Areolar Tissue, Cellular Tissue. 
 AREOM'ETER, Armom'eter, Gravirn'eter, Al- 
 coblom'eter, Aleoom'eter, Aerostat'ic Balance, from 
 apaios, 'light,' and //£rpo!/, 'measure:' i. e. 'measure 
 of lightness.' An instrument 
 so called because first em- 
 ployed to take the specific gra- 
 vity of fluids lighter than water. 
 Tho: Areometer of Baume, which 
 is the most used in Pharmacy, 
 particularly in France, consists 
 of a fiibe of glass, largely 
 expanded towards its inferior 
 extremity, and terminating be- 
 low by a small ball, containing 
 mercury or leadj which serves 
 it as a balance, so that it may 
 remain upright in the fluid. 
 This tube is furnished with a 
 graduated scale. If the fluid 
 into which the Areometer is 
 plunged be heavier than water, 
 the instrument rises; if lighter, 
 it sinks. There are various 
 Areometers, as those of the 
 Dutch, of Fahrenheit, Nichol- 
 son, &c. The Areometer is also 
 called Hydrom'eter, (F.) Areo- 
 metre, Pese-liqueur. 
 
 There are some hydrometers 
 which have a general applica- 
 tion for determining the spe- 
 cific gravities of liquids — as 
 Fahrenheit's, Nicholson's,Guy- 
 ton de Morveau's, and the com- 
 mon glass hydrometers, inclu- 
 ding Baume's, Cartier's, Twad- 
 dle's, Zanetti's, and the spe- 
 cific gravity beads; others in- 
 tended for special application 
 — as for estimating the com- 
 parative strength of spirits; the 
 comparative densities of sy- 
 rups, oils, &e. — as Gay Lus- 
 sac's, Sikes's, and Dicat's hy- 
 drometers, and the saccharometer, urinometer, 
 and elasometer. 
 
 ffl:::: 
 
 Baume's Hydro 
 meter. 
 
 SCALE OF baume's HTDRO-METEE, WITH COERE- 
 SPOXDIXG specific GRAVITIES. 
 
 1. Ascending Scale for light liquids. 
 
 Scale of 
 
 Specific 
 
 Baume. 
 
 Gravities. 
 
 70 
 
 700 
 
 66 
 
 715 
 
 60 
 
 742 
 
 50 
 
 782 
 
 4S 
 
 792 
 
 42 
 
 819 "1 
 827; 
 
 40 
 
 36 
 
 847 
 
 S3 
 
 863 
 
 32 
 
 86S 
 
 30 
 
 878 
 1 
 
 26 
 
 900 ■ 
 
 25 
 
 906 7 
 915 1 
 
 23 
 
 
 1 
 
 Id. 
 
 Id. 1 
 
 923 r 
 
 Id.-) 
 
 22 
 
 Id. 
 
 20 
 
 935 V 
 
 18 
 
 948 j 
 
 13 
 
 980 
 
 12 
 
 986 
 
 11 
 
 993 
 
 10 
 
 1000 
 
 Substances. 
 
 Pure hydrocyanic acid. — Gay Ims- 
 
 sac. 
 Tery pure sulphuric ether. 
 The same concentrated. 
 
 Equal parts of alcohol and ether. 
 Tery pure alcohol for pharmaceu- 
 tical purposes. 
 Pure alcohol. Naphtha. 
 Alcohol of commerce. 
 Essential oil of turpentine. 
 
 Hydrocyanic acid of Scheele and 
 pure hydrocyanic acid, mixed 
 with an equal portion of water. 
 — JSobiquet. 
 
 Acetic ether. 
 
 Nitric ether. 
 Muriatic ether. 
 Liquid ammonia. 
 Olive oil. 
 
 Brandy. 
 
 Burgundy wine. 
 
 Bordeaux wine. 
 Distilled water. 
 
 2. Descending Scale for heavy liquids. 
 
 Scale of 
 
 Specific 
 
 Baume. 
 
 Gravities. 
 
 
 
 1000 
 
 1 
 
 1007 •) 
 1009/ 
 
 9 
 
 1014 
 
 If 
 
 1032 
 
 10 
 
 1075 ■) 
 1091/ 
 
 12 
 
 20 
 
 1161 
 
 21 
 
 1180 1 
 1210/ 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 1261 
 
 85 
 
 1321 j 
 
 1384) 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 1398 Y 
 
 45 
 
 1454J 
 
 Id. 
 
 Id. 
 
 50 
 
 1532 
 
 60 
 
 1714 
 
 66 
 
 1847 
 
 70 
 
 1946 
 
 stances. 
 
 Common distilled water. 
 Distilled vinegar. 
 Common vinegar. 
 Cow's milk. 
 
 Concentrated acetic acid. 
 
 Liquid hydrochloric acid. 
 
 Boiling syrup. 
 Cold Syrup. 
 Common nitric acid. 
 
 Concentrated nitric acid. 
 
 Phosphoric acid for medical use. 
 
 Very concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 Very concentrated phosphoric acid 
 
 ARES. A term invented by Paracelsus to de- 
 signate the principle on which depends the form 
 of mercury, sulphur, and salt. These the alchy- 
 mists regarded as the three bodies that give birth 
 to every other. 
 
 AR'ETE, apcTT], 'virtue.' Mental or corporeal 
 vigour. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ARETHU'SA, A. hulho'sa; indigenous. Order, 
 Orchidaceas. The bruised bulbs are used in 
 toothache; and as cataplasms, to tumours. 
 
 A'REUS. A pessary mentioned by Paulus of 
 .^gina. 
 
 ARGEL, Cynanchum oleaefolium. 
 
 AR'GEMA, Ar'gemon, Ar'gemus, from apyoi, 
 'white.' Fos'sula, (F.) Encavure. A white spot' 
 or ulceration of the eye. — Hippocrates. See 
 Lencoma. 
 
 ARGEMO'NE, MEXICA'NA, Thorn Poppy, 
 Prickly Po-ppy, Yellow Thistle. A native of 
 Mexico, but naturalized in most parts of the 
 world. Ord. Papaveraceae. Sex. Syst. Polyan- 
 dria Monogynia. The juice resembles gamboge. 
 
ARGENSON 
 
 89 
 
 ARGILLA BOLUS FLAVA 
 
 and has been used as a hydragogue. The seeds 
 are employed in the West Indies as a substitute 
 for ipecacuanha. They are also used as a ca- 
 thartic. 
 
 ARGENSON, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 chalybeate situate at Argenson in Dauphiny : 
 used in cases of obstruction, jaundice, &c. 
 
 ARGENT, Argentum — a. Chlanire d', see Ar- 
 gentum ■ — -a. Cyunure d', see Argentum — a. et 
 d'Aminoniaque, chlorure d', see Argentum — a. 
 lodiire d', see Argentum — a. Oxide d', see Ar- 
 gentum — a. Petit, Platinum — a. Vive, Hydrar- 
 gyrum. 
 
 ARGENTERIA, Potentilla anserina. 
 
 ARGENTI CHLORIDUM, see Argentum— a. 
 et Ammonige chloridum, see Argentum — a. et 
 Ammoniae chloruretum, see Argentum — a. Cya- 
 iiidum, see Argentum — a. Cyanuretum, see Ar- 
 gentum — a. lodidum, see Argentum — a. lodure- 
 tum, see Argentum. 
 
 Aegen'ti Nitras, Argen'tuni Nitra'tum seu 
 Nit'ricum, Sal argen'ti, (F.) Nitrate ou Azotate 
 d' Argent, Nitrate of Silver. This preparation is 
 sometimes kept in crystals, the Nitras Argen'ti 
 ill crystal'los conere'tus. Nitrate d' Argent crystal- 
 lise of the Codex of Paris, Luna 2Mtah' His, Crys- 
 talli Luncs, Argen'tum nit'ricnm crystallisa'tiim, 
 Nitras argenti crystal'linus, Nitrum luna're, Hy- 
 drago'gum Boy'lei. Generally, however, it is in 
 the fused state : and it is this which is admitted 
 into most Pharmacopoeias, and which, besides 
 the name Nitras Argenti, is called Ni'tras argen'ti 
 fusus seu fustim, Caus'ticicm luna're, Lapis infer- 
 na'lis, Argen'tum nit'ricum fusum, and lunar 
 caustic, (F.) Nitrate d'argent fondu, Pierre in- 
 female. 
 
 In the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, it 
 is directed to be prepared as follows : — Take of 
 silver, in small pieces, ,^j ; nitric acid, f^vij, 
 distilled water, f^ij- Mix the acid with the 
 water, and dissolve the silver in the mixture in 
 a sand bath; then crystallize, or gradually in- 
 crease the heat, so that the resulting salt may be 
 dried. Melt this in a crucible over a gentle fire, 
 and continue the heat until ebullition ceases ; 
 then immediately pour it into suitable moulds. 
 
 The virtues of nitrate of silver are tonic, and 
 eseharotic. It is given in chorea, epilepsy, &c. : 
 locally, it is used in various cases as an eseha- 
 rotic. Dose, gr. 1-8 to gr. 1-4 in pill, three times 
 a day. 
 
 When silver is combined with iodine, it is said 
 to have the same effect as the nitrate, and not to 
 produce the slate colour of the surface, which is 
 apt to follow the protracted use of the latter. 
 
 Argenti Oxiddm, see Argentum. 
 
 ARGENTILLA vulgaris, Potentilla an- 
 serina. 
 
 AR'GENTINE, Argento'sus, same etymon as 
 the next. Pertaining to silver; as an 'argentine 
 solution,' or solution of a salt of silver. 
 ■ Argentine, Potentilla anserina. 
 
 ARGEN'TUM, ^)-'(/7/ras, from apyo?, 'white,' 
 Silver, Luna, Bia'na. (F.) Argent. A solid metal 
 of a shining white appearance ; insipid ; inodor- 
 ous; highly sonorous; malleable and ductile; 
 somewhat hard; crystallizable in triangular py- 
 ramids ; fusible a little above a red heat, and 
 volatizable; s. g. 10.4. Not used in medicine, 
 unle.'S in some places for silvering pills. Silver 
 Lhaf, Argen'tum folia' turn, is the State in which 
 it is used for this purpose. 
 
 Argentum Divi'sum, metallic silver, in very 
 fine powder, has been recommended internally in 
 syphilis. 
 
 The Chloride {Argen'ti cMo'ridum, Argen'- 
 tum muriat'icum seu chlora'tum seu sali'tnm. 
 Chlorvre'tuni Argen'ti, Chlor'uret or Ifii'riate of 
 Silver, (F.) Chlorure d' Argent); the Cyanuret; 
 
 the Iodide (Argen'ti lo'didum, Argen'tum loda'- 
 tum, lodure'tum Argen'ti, lod'uret of Silver, (F.) 
 lodure d' Argent;) the Oxide [Argen'ti ox'idum, 
 Argen'tum oxyda'tum, (F.) Oxide d' Argent), Ank 
 the Chloride of Ammonia and Silver [Argen'ti 
 et Ammo' ni(E~ chlo'ridum, Argen'tum muriat'icum 
 ammonia'tum, CMorure' turn Argen'ti et Ammo'- 
 nicB, Chlo'ruret of Silver and Ammonia, Ammo- 
 nio-chloride of Silver, (F.) Chlorure d' Argent et 
 d'Am7noniaque),ha,ve been used in syphilis. At 
 first, these different preparations were adminis- 
 tered iatraleptically on the gums ; the chloride, 
 the cyanide and the iodide in the dose of l-12th 
 of a grain; the chloride of silver and ammonia 
 in the dose of l-14th of a grain, and the oxide of 
 silver and divided silver in the dose of l-8th and 
 l-4th of a grain. M. Serre, of Montpellier, who 
 made many trials with them, soon found that 
 these doses were too small; he therefore raised 
 that of the chloride to 1-lOth, and of the iodide 
 to l-8th of a grain, without any inconvenience 
 resulting. The dose of the other preparations was 
 likewise increased in a similar ratio. M. Serre 
 extols the preparations of silver — used internally 
 as well as iatraleptically — as antisyphilitios, but 
 they are not to be depended upon. 
 
 The Cyanuret or Cyanide of Silver, Argen'ti 
 Cyanure'tum seu Cyan'idum, Argen'tum cyanoge- 
 na'tum, (F.) Cyanure d'argent, is thus directed 
 to be prepared in the Ph. U. S. (1842,) Argent. 
 Nit. ^xv, Acid Hydrocyan., Aq. destillat. aa Oj. 
 Having dissolved the nitrate of silver in the 
 water, add the hydrocyanic acid, and mix them^ 
 Wash the precipitate with distilled water and dry 
 it. In the last edition of the Pharmacopoeia, 
 (1851,) it is directed to be prepared as follows: — 
 Nitrate of Silver, dissolved in distilled water, is 
 put into a tubulated glass receiver; Ferocyanuret 
 of Potassium, dissolved in distilled loater, is put 
 into a tubulated retort, previously adapted to the 
 rec&iver. Dilute Sulphuric Acid is added to the 
 solution in the retort; and, by means of a sand- 
 bath and a moderate heat, distillation is carried 
 on until the liquid that passes over no longer 
 produces a precipitate in the receiver. The pre- 
 cipitate is then washed with distilled water, and 
 dried. 
 
 The Oxide of Silver, Argen'ti Ox'idum, has 
 been introduced into the last edition of the Ph. 
 U. S. (1851). It is made by precipitating a solu- 
 tion of the Nitrate of Silver by solution of Po- 
 tassa, drying the precipitate. 
 
 Argentum Ciiloratdm, see Argentum — a. 
 Cyanogenatum, see Argentum — a. Fugitivum, 
 Hydrargyrum — a. Fusum, Hydrargyrum — a. 
 lodatum, see Argentum — a. Liquidum, Hydrar- 
 gyrum — a. Mobile, Hydrnrgyrum — a. Muriati- 
 cum, see Argentum — a. Muriaticum Ammonia- 
 turn, see Argentum — a. Oxydatum, see Argentum 
 — a. Salitum, see Argentum — a. Vivum, Hydrar- 
 gyrum. 
 
 ARGIL, PURE, Argilla pura. 
 
 ARGILE OOHREUSE PALE, Bolus Alba. 
 
 ARGILLA BOLUS FLAVA, Terra Lemnia— 
 a. Bolus rubra, Bole Armenian — a. Ferruginea 
 rubra. Bole Armenian — a. Kalisulphurica, Alu- 
 men — a. Pallida, Bolus alba. 
 
 Argilla Pura, Terra Alu'minis seu hola'ris, 
 seu argilla'cea jiura seu depura'ta seu hydra'ta, 
 Alu'mina pura seu depura'ta, Ox'idum alumin'ii, 
 pure Argil or Alumina, (F.) Alumine factice. 
 This substance, which is prepared by drying alum 
 and exposing it, for twenty or twenty-five mi- 
 nutes, to a red heat, until the sulphuric acid is 
 driven off, has been recommended in indigestion 
 as antacid, as well as in vomiting and diarrhoea 
 accompanied with acidity. The dose to a very 
 young child is from Jss to ^j ; to older children 
 from S;j to 3ij. 
 
ARGILL-E ACETAS 
 
 90 
 
 ARMOUR 
 
 Argilla Sclphurica Alcalisata, Alumen — 
 a. Sulphurica usta, Alumen exsicciitum — a. Su- 
 persulphas alcalisatum, Alumen — a. Vitriol ata, 
 Alumen. 
 
 ARGILLiE ACETAS, Aluminse acetas — a. 
 Sulphas, Aluminse sulphas. 
 
 ARGOL, RED, Potassse supertartras impurus 
 ■ — a. White, Potassas supertartras impurus. 
 
 ARGUMENTUM INTEGRITATIS. Hymen. 
 
 APbGY'RIA, from apyvpog, 'silver.' The dis- 
 coloration of the skin occasioned by the internal 
 use of nitrate of silver. 
 
 ARGYROCH^TA, Matricaria. 
 
 ARGYROPH'ORA, from apyvpog, 'silver,' and 
 (j>tpM, 'I bear.' A name given, by Myrepsus, to 
 an antidote which he regarded as extremely pre- 
 cious. 
 
 ARGYROTROPHEMA, Blancmanger. 
 
 ARGYRUS, Argentum. 
 
 ARHEUMAT'IC, Arheumat'ieus, from a, pri- 
 vative, and pevixa, 'fluxion or rheumatism.' One 
 without fluxion or rheumatism. 
 
 ARIA, CratEBgus aria — a. Cattiva, see Miasma. 
 
 APuICI'ISTA, Aric"ia, Cus'conin, Ctisco-Cincho'- 
 nia, so called from Arica in South America, the 
 place vs-here it is shipped. An alkaloid found in 
 Cusco Bark, which is very similar in many of its 
 properties to Ginchonia. Cusco was the ancient 
 residence of the Incas. 
 
 ARIC'YMON, from api, an intensive particle, 
 and Kvuv, ' to conceive.' A name given to a 
 female who conceives readily. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ARIDE'NA. A Latin word employed to de- 
 signate the leanness of any part. — EttmuUer, 
 Sauvages. 
 
 ARID'ITY, Arid'itas. (F.) Aridite, from arere, 
 ' to grow dry.' The French use the word Ari- 
 dite to express the dryness of any organ, and 
 particularly of the skin and tongue, when such 
 dryness is so great as to render the organ rough 
 to the touch. Aridite also means the lanuginous 
 appearance of the hair in some diseases in which 
 it seems covered with dust. 
 
 ARIDU'RA. Wasting or emaciation of the 
 whole or of any part of the body; Marasmus, 
 Atrophy. 
 
 Aeidura Cordis, Heart, atrophy of the — a. 
 Hepatis, Hepatrophia. 
 
 APtlKA, see Spirit. 
 
 ARISiEMA ATRO-RUBENS, Arum triphyl- 
 lum. 
 
 ARISTALTH^A, AlthEea. 
 
 ARISTOLOCHI'A, from apio-rof, ' very good,' 
 and \o)(^ua, 'parturition;' so called, because the 
 different varieties were supposed to aid parturi- 
 tion. Birthwort, (F.) Aristoloche. Ord. Aris- 
 tolochiacese. Several varieties were once in use. 
 
 Aristolochia Cava, Fumaria bulbosa. 
 
 Aristolochi'a Clemati'tis, Aristolochi'a Viil- 
 ga'ris seu Cre'tica seu ten'uis, Adra Riza (F.) 
 Aristoloche ordinaire, Upright Birthicort. The 
 root has been considered stimulant and emmena- 
 gogue, and as such has been used in amenorrhcea, 
 chlorosis, and cachexia. 
 
 Aristolochia Cretica, A. Clematitis — a. Fa- 
 bacea, Fumaria bulbosa — a. Hastata, see A. 
 serpentaria — a. Hirsuta, see A. serpentaria. 
 
 Aristolochi'a Longa, and A. Rotun'da, (F.) 
 Aristoloche longiie et ronde, Long and Round 
 Birthwort. Virtues the same as the preceding. 
 
 Aristolochi'a Pistolochi'a, Pistolochi' a Aris- 
 tolochi'a, Polyrrhi'za. This variety has an aro- 
 matic odour," and an acrid and bitter taste. (F.) 
 Aristoloche crenelee. 
 
 Aristolochia Reticulata, see A. serpentaria. 
 
 Aristolochi'a Serpenta'ria, Serpenta'ria, S. 
 Virginia'na, Vipera'ria, Viperi'na Virginia'na, 
 Colubri'na Virginia'na, Contrayer'va Virginia'- 
 na, {¥.] Serpentaire Qt Aristoloche serpentaire de 
 
 Virginie, Coluvrine ou Couleuvree ou Viperine de 
 Virginie, Virginia Snakeroot, Snaheroot Birth- 
 wort, Snakeweed, Snagrcl. Virtues of the root, 
 Serpenta'ria, tonic, stimulant; and as such, em- 
 ployed in debility, intermittents, Ac. Aristo- 
 lochi'a Hirsu'ta, a. Hasta'ta and A. Reticu- 
 la'ta; indigenous, are employed indiscriminately 
 with A. Serpentaria under the name Serpentaria 
 or Virginia Snakeroot. 
 
 Aristolochi'a Sipho, Dutchman's pipe, and 
 A. Tomento'sa; indigenous, have virtues like 
 those of A. Serpentaria. 
 
 Aristolochi'a Tenuis, A. Clematitis — a. To- 
 mentosa, see A. sipho — a. Trifida, A. Trilobata. 
 
 Aristolochi'a Triloba'ta, A. trifida, (F.) 
 Aristoloche trilobee. A plant of Surinam and 
 Jamaica; possessing the general virtues of the 
 Aristolochiacese. The other varieties of Aristo- 
 lochia have similar properties. 
 
 Aristolochi'a Vulgaris Rotunda, Fumaria 
 bulbosa. 
 
 ARISTOLOCH'IC, Aristoloch'icus. Same ety- 
 mology. An old term for remedies supposed to 
 have the property of promoting the flow of the 
 lochia. — Hippocrates, Theophrastus, Dioscorides, 
 &c. 
 
 ARIS'TON MAGNUM, and ARISTON PAR- 
 VUM. These names were formerly given to 
 pharmaceutical preparations, used in phthisis, 
 tormina, and fever. — Avicenna. 
 
 ARISTOPHANEI'ON. A sort of emollient 
 plaster, prepared with four pounds of pitch, two 
 of apochyma, one of wax, an ounce of opoponax, 
 and half a, pint of vinegar. — Gorrseus. Not 
 used. 
 
 ARKAN'SAS, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 About 5 miles from the Washita river, and about 
 a quarter of a degree north of the Louisiana line, 
 there are about 70 of those springs; — Ouachita 
 or Washitau Springs. They are thermal, vary- 
 ing from 138° to 150° Fahrenheit, and are em- 
 ployed in rheumatism, cutaneous affections, &c. 
 
 ARK-BEIN, Pubis os. 
 
 ARKEION, Arctium Lappa. 
 
 ARLADA, Realgar. 
 
 ARLES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ther- 
 mal sulphureous springs in the department of 
 Pyrenees Orientales, France. Their temperature 
 is 103° to 145° of Fahr., and they contain sul- 
 phohydric acid. 
 
 ARM, Brachium. 
 
 ARMA, Penis — a. Ventris, Penis. 
 
 ARMAMENTARIUM, Arsenal — a. Chirurgi- 
 cum, see Arsenal — a. Portabile, see Case. 
 
 ARMATORY UNGUENT, Hoplochrysma. 
 
 ARMATURA, Amnios. 
 
 ARME, from apu), 'I adapt.' Any physiolo- 
 gical or mechanical junction or union of parts. — 
 Hesychius. A suture, as of the craniunL — Galen. 
 
 ARMENIACA EPIROTICA, Prunus Armeni- 
 aca — a. Mains, Apricot, see Prunus — a. Vulgaris, 
 Prunus Armeniaca. 
 
 ARMENIAN STONE, Melochites. 
 
 ARMENITES, Melochites. 
 
 ARMILL^ MANUS MEMBRANOS^, An- 
 nular ligaments of the carpus. 
 
 ARMOISE BLANCHE, Artemisia rupestris 
 — a. Commune, Artemisia vulgaris — a. Estragon, 
 Artemisia dracunculus — a. Ordinaire, Artemisia 
 vulgaris. 
 
 ARMONIACUM, Ammoniac, gum. 
 
 ARMORA'CIA, from Armorica, where it was 
 largely cultivated. In the Pharmacopoeia of the 
 United States, the fresh root of Cochlearia armo- 
 racia. 
 
 Armoracia Rusticana, Cochlearia armoracia 
 — a. Sativa, Cochlearia armoracia. 
 
 ARMOUR, Condom. 
 
ARM U RE DJES JAMBES 
 
 91 
 
 ARROW ROOT 
 
 ARMURE DBS JAMBES, see Comu am- 
 monis. 
 
 ARMUS, Humerus — a. Summus, Acromion. 
 
 ARN, Alnus glutinosa. 
 
 ARNALD'IA, Amalclie. A disease, which 
 appears to have prevailed in England at one 
 time, but whose origin and nature are unknown. 
 It was accompanied with loss of hair ; and, by 
 some, is supposed to have been Syphilis. " Deinde 
 uterque R,ex incidit in tegritudinem, quam Ar- 
 naldiam vocant, in qua ipsi usque ad mortem 
 laborantes, capillos sues deposuerunt." — Rogerus 
 Hovedenus, in Ricardo I., cited by Du Cange. 
 
 AR'NICA MONTA'NA. Derivation uncer- 
 tain. Arnica, Leojyard's Bane, Eoron'icum Ger- 
 man' icum seu Oj>23osit>/o'liu)n seu Plantag"ini8 
 folio, Ar'nica Plauensis, Alis'ma, Ac"yrus, 
 Biuret' ica, Panace'a lapso'rum, Ptar'mica mon- 
 ta'na, Caltha seu Calen'dula Alpi'na, Nardus 
 Cel'tica ul'tera, (F.) Arnique, Betoine ou Tahac 
 des Montagues, Tahac des Vosgea, Tabac ou Be- 
 toine des Savoyards, Doronic d'Allemagne, Plan- 
 tain ou Souci des Alpes. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia 
 Polygamia superflua. Ord. Compositse. The 
 plant and flowers (Aj'nica, Ph. U. S.) are consi- 
 dered, or have been considered, narcotic, stimu- 
 lant, emmenagogue, &c.; and, as such, have been 
 given in amaurosis, paralysis, all nervous afl'ec- 
 tions, rheumatism, gout, chlorosis, &c. Dose, 
 gr. V to X, in powder. In large doses it is dele- 
 terious. 
 
 Arnica Nudicaulis and A. Mollis are sup- 
 posed to have medical virtues like the last. 
 
 Arnica Plauensis, Arnieamontana — a. Spuria, 
 Inula dysenterica — a. Suedensis, Inula dysen- 
 teriea. 
 
 ARNIQUE, Arnica montana. 
 
 ARNOGLOSSUM, Plantago. 
 
 ARNOTT'S DILATOR, see Dilator, Arnott's. 
 
 ARNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum. 
 
 ARO'MA, Ar'tyma, 'perfume :' {apt, intensive, 
 and oaiiri or ohjit], ' odour,' or from apw, ' to make 
 fitting or agreeable.') Spir'itua Rector, (F.) 
 ArSrae. The odorous part of plants. An ema- 
 nation — frequently imponderable- — -from bodies, 
 which acts on the organ of smell, and varies with 
 the body exhaling it. 
 
 AROMATE, Aromatic. 
 
 AROMAT'IC, ^romai'jcus, (E.) Ar ornate. Any 
 odoriferous substance obtained from the vegetable 
 kingdom which contains much volatile oil, or a 
 light and expansible resin. Aromatics are used 
 in perfumes, in seasoning, and embalming. In 
 medicine they are employed as stimulants. Gin- 
 ger, cinnamon, cardamoms, mint, <fcc., belong to 
 this class. 
 
 AR'OMATIZE, (F.) Aromatiser. To add to a 
 mixture or potion some aromatic, to mask its 
 taste or render it more agreeable. Such mix- 
 ture is then said to he aromatized. 
 
 AROMATOPO'LA, from apu)iia, 'an odour,' 
 and TTwAtd), 'I sell.' An apothecary or druggist. 
 One who sells spices. 
 
 ARON", Arum. 
 
 AROPH. A barbarous word, which had vari- 
 ous significations with the ancients. Paracelsus 
 employed it to designate a lithonthriptic remedy. 
 The mandragora, according to some. Also, a 
 mixture of bread, safiron, and wine. — Van Hel- 
 mont. 
 
 Aroph Paracelsi, Ferrum ammoniatum. 
 
 ARQUEBUSADE, EAU B', Aqua traumat'- 
 ica Thede'nii seu Thedia'na seu selopetu'ria seu 
 vulnera'ria seu catapulta'rum, Mistu'ra vulnera'- 
 ria ac"ida. A sort of vulnerary water, distilled 
 from a farrago of aromatic plants. Rosemary, 
 ftiiss; millefoil, thyme, each Ibss ; Proof spirit, 2 
 gallons — distil a gallon. This is one form. 
 
 ARR, Cicatrix. 
 
 ARRABOX, Arraphon. 
 
 ARRACHEMENT (F.), from arraeher, 'to 
 tear out,' Apospas'ma, Abrup'tio, Avul'sio. Act 
 of separating a part of the body by tearing it from 
 the bonds connecting it with others. Evulsion. 
 Laceration. 
 
 Arrachement is applied to certain operations, 
 as to the extraction of a tooth, the extirpation of 
 a polypus, &c. 
 
 ARRACK, Arack. See Spirit. 
 
 AR'RAPHON, Ar'rabon, from a, priv., and 
 paipri, 'a suture,' — 'without suture.' A term 
 applied to the cranium when it presents no 
 sutures. 
 
 ARRECTIO, Erection. 
 
 ARRED, see Scar. 
 
 ARREPTIO, Insanity. 
 
 ARRESTA BOVIS, Ononis spinosa. 
 
 ARR&T B'HILBAN, Remora Hildani. 
 
 ARR&TE-BCEUF, Ononis spinosa. 
 
 ARRHQil'A, from a, priv., and pew, 'I flow.' 
 The suppression of any flux. Amenorrhcea. 
 
 ARRHOSTEMA, Disease. 
 
 ARRHOSTENIA, Disease. 
 
 ARRHOSTIA, Disease, Infirmity, 
 
 ARRHYTHMUS, Cacorrhythmus, 
 
 ARRIBA, GeoflfrEBa vermifuga. 
 
 ARRTERE-BOUOHE, Pharynx — a. -Bent, 
 see Dentition— n. -Faix, Secundines. 
 
 ARRTERE-GOUT (F.), 'after taste.' The 
 taste left by certain bodies in the mouth for some 
 time after they have been swallowed, owing per- 
 haps to the papillEe of the mouth having imbibed 
 the savoury substance. 
 
 ARRIERES NARINES, Nares, posterior. 
 
 ARROGHE, Atriplex hortensis — a. Puant, 
 Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 
 ARROSEMENT, Aspersion. 
 
 ARROWHEAD, Sagittaria variabilis. 
 
 ARROW LEAF, Sagittaria variabilis. 
 
 ARROW POISON, This difi^ers with diflerent 
 tribes of Indians. By some, the poison capsicum, 
 and infusions of a strong kind of tobacco, a,nd of 
 euphorbiacese are mixed together, with the poi- 
 sonous emmet, and the teeth of the formidable 
 serpent, called, by the Peruvian Indians, Miua- 
 maru or Jergon — LacJiesii picta of Tschudi. 
 
 ARROW ROOT, Fec'ula Maran'ta, Am'ylum 
 maranta' cexmi seu America'num. The fecula of 
 the rhizoma of Maran'ta Arundina'cea, 3faranta 
 (Ph. U. S.), Ord. Marantaceae, which, like all 
 feculse, is emollient and nutritive, when prepared 
 with water, milk, &c. 
 
 Dr. Carson has shown, that Florida arrow root 
 is derived from Za'mia, integrifo'lia or Z.p)u'mila, 
 Sugar piine, Ord. Cycadacese ; Bermuda arrow 
 root being obtained from Maranta arundinacea. 
 Florida arrow root, as well as the farina, is known 
 in the Southern States under the name Coonti or 
 Goontie. 
 
 According to Dr. Ainslie, an excellent kind of 
 arrow root is prepared in Tra van core from the 
 root of Curcuma angustifolia, Ord. ZingiberacesB. 
 
 ArroiD root mucilage is made by rubbing arrow 
 root powder with a little cold water, in a basin, 
 by means of the back of a spoon, until it is com- 
 pletely mixed with the water; then pouring boil- 
 ing water over it, stirring assiduously until a soft, 
 gelatinous, tenacious mucilage is formed; and, 
 lastly, boiling for five minutes. A tablespoonful 
 of arrow root powder is suificient to make a pint 
 of mucilage. It may be moderately sweetened; 
 and wine or lemon juice may be added. 
 
 With milk also it forms a bland and nutritious 
 article of diet. 
 
 Arrow Root, Brazilian. The fecula of Ja- 
 tropha Manihot. 
 
ARROW WEED 
 
 92 
 
 ARSENICUM 
 
 Arro-w Root, Common, see Solanum tubero- j 
 Bum. 
 
 Arrow Root, East Indian. The fecula of the 
 tubers of Curcuma angustifoUa, or narrow-leaved 
 Turmeric. 
 
 Arrow Root, English, Arrow root, common. 
 
 Arrow Root, Tahi'ti, Tacca starch, Otahei'te 
 Salep. The fecula of Tacca Oceanica. 
 
 ARROW WEED, Sagittaria variabilis. 
 
 ARROW WOOD, Euonymus, Viburnum den- 
 tatum. 
 
 ARS CABALISTICA, Cabal— a. Chymiatrica, 
 Chymiatria — a. Clysmatiea nova, Infusion of me- 
 dicines — a. Coquinaria, Culinary art — a. Cosme- 
 tica. Cosmetics — a. Culinaria, Culinary art — a. 
 Empirica, Empiricism — a. Formulas medicas con- 
 cinandi, see Prescription— a. Hermetica, Chymis- 
 try — a. Horaceopathica, Homoeopathy — a. Hydria- 
 trica, Hydrosudotherapeia — a. Infusoria, Infu- 
 sion of medicines — a. Machaonia, Medicina — a. 
 Majorum, Chymistry — a. Medica, Medicina — a. 
 Obstetrieia, Obstetrics — a. Sanandi, Art, healing 
 — a. Separatoria, Chymistry — a. Signata, Cabal 
 — a. Spagyriea, Chymistry — a. Sphygmica, Sphyg- 
 mologia — a. Veterinaria, Veterinary Art — a. Zoia- 
 trica, Veterinary Art. 
 
 ARSALT03, Asphaltum. 
 
 ARSATUM, Nymphomania. 
 
 ARSECOCKLE (Sc), synonymous with Teut. 
 aers-bleyne, tnherculus in ano. Originally, a 
 hot pimple on the hips. Now, in Scotland, a 
 similar pimple on the face or any part of the 
 body. — Jamieson. 
 
 ARSENAL (F.), Cliirapothe'ca, Armamenta'- 
 riurii. A. Chirur' giciim. A collection of surgical 
 instruments. A work containing a description 
 of surgical instruments. Armainenta'rium ob- 
 stet'ricum has the same significations in regard to 
 obstetrics. 
 
 ARSEN'IATE, Arsen'iaa, (¥.) Arseniate, from 
 cpatjv, 'robust.' A salt formed by a combination 
 of arsenic acid with a salifiable base. 
 
 Arseniate of Ammonia, Arsen'ias Ammo'nim, 
 Ammo'nium, Araen'icum seu Arsenic' icum, (F.) 
 Arseniate d' Ammoniaque. This preparation is 
 highly extolled in cutaneous diseases. A grain 
 of the salt may be dissolved in an ounce of dis- 
 tilled water, and 20 to 25 drops be commenced 
 with as a dose. 
 
 Arseniate of Iron, Arsen'ias Ferri, Ferrum 
 Arsenia'tum seu Arsenic' icum oxydula'tum, (F.) 
 Arseniate de Fer. This preparation has been 
 applied externally to cancerous ulcers. An oint- 
 ment may be made of gss of the arseniate, ^ij of 
 the phosphate of iron, and ^vj of spermaceti 
 ointment. The arseniate has also been given 
 internally in cancerous affections, in the dose of 
 one-sixteenth of a grain. 
 
 Arseniate of Protox'ide of Potas'sium, 
 Proto-arsen'iate of Potas'sium, Arsen'iate of Po- 
 tassa, Arsen'ias PotasscB seu Kali, (F.) Arseniate 
 de Potasse, Sel arsenical de Macquer. Proper- 
 ties the same as those of arsenious acid. 
 
 Arseniate of Q01NIA, Quinice Arsenias. 
 
 Arsen'iate op Soda, Sodce arsen'ias, (P.) Ar- 
 seniate de Sonde. Made, according to the Codex 
 of Paris, by mixing and heating to redness arse- 
 7iious acid and nitrate of soda; dissolving the 
 salt in water; adding carbonate of soda until 
 there is an alcaline reaction; filtering, evapora- 
 ting, and crystallizing. It is the basis of Pear- 
 son's Solution, which is formed of one grain of the 
 crystallized arseniate to one fluidounce of distilled 
 water. Dose, gtt. xx. Seinecke's Solution con- 
 sists of the arseniate, gr. vj ; j^eppermint water, 
 f 5iiss ; wi7ie of cinnamon, { ^ss ; loAidanum, f ^^. 
 Dose, forty to fifty drops. 
 
 ARSENIA TE DE SO UBE, Arseniate of Soda. 
 AR'SENIC, Arsen'icum, (Ph. U. S.) A solid 
 
 metal ; of a steel-gray colour ; granular texture ; 
 very brittle; volatilizing before melting; very 
 combustible and acidifiable. It is not dangerous 
 of itself, and only becomes so by virtue of the 
 facility with which it absorbs oxygen. 
 ARSENIC BLANC, Arsenicum album. 
 Arsenic, Iodide of, Arsen'ici lo'didum seu 
 Teriod'idum seu lodure'tum, Arsen'icum loda'- 
 tum, Hydri'odas arsen'ici, formed by the combi- 
 nation of arsenic and iodine. This preparation, 
 applied externally, has been highly extolled in 
 various cutaneous affections. An ointment may 
 be made of three grains of iodide to ,^j of lard. 
 It has also been given internally in the dose of a 
 tenth of a grain in similar affections. It is ofiici- 
 nal in the Ph. U. S. 1851. 
 
 Arsenic, Oxide of, Arsenicum album — a. Ox- 
 ide of. White, Arsenicum album — a. White, Arse- 
 nicum album. 
 
 Arsenic and Mercury, Iodede of, Hydrar'- 
 gyri et Arsen'ici lo'didum, Double I'odide of 
 Mer'eury and Ar'senic, lodo-arsenite of Mer'cury. 
 A compound, which has been proposed as more 
 efficacious than either the iodide of arsenic or 
 the iodide of mercury. It is made by tritura- 
 ting 6'OS grains ot arsenic; 14'S2 grains of mer- 
 cury ; 49 of iodine, with a fluidrachm of alcoTiol, 
 until the mass has become dry, and from being 
 deep brown has become pale red. Eight ounces 
 of distilled water are poured on, and, after tritu- 
 ration for a few moments, the whole is trans- 
 ferred to a flask; half a drachm of hydriodic 
 acid, prepared by the acidification of two grains 
 of iodine, is added, and the mixture is boiled for 
 a few moments. When the solution is cold, make 
 the mixture up to f^viij with distilled water. 
 This is called by Mr. Donovan, the proposer, 
 Liquor Arsen'ici et Hydrar'gyri lo'didi, each 
 drachm of which, by measure, consists of water, 
 5J ; arsenious acid, gr. 1-Sth; peroxide of mercury, 
 gr. l-4th ; iodine, converted into hydriodic acid, 
 gr. 3-4ths. In the last edition of the Ph. U. S. 
 it is directed to be made of Arsenici lodidum 
 and Hydrargyri lodidum ruhrum, each gr. xxxv; 
 and Aqua destillata, Oss; dissolving by rubbing, 
 heating to the boiling point, and filtering. 
 
 The dose of Donovan's Solution is from TTLx 
 to f gss, two or three times a day. 
 
 It has been used successfully in inveterate cu- 
 taneous diseases. 
 
 ARSEN'ICAL, Arsenica'lis, (F.) Arsenical. 
 Relating, or appertaining to, or containing, ar- 
 senic. 
 
 Arsen'ical Paste, (F.) Pate Arsenicale. 
 This application to cancers is formed of 70 parts 
 of cinnabar, 22 of dragon's blood, and 8 of arse- 
 nious acid ; made into a paste with saliva, when 
 about to be applied. 
 
 Arsenical Powders of Frere CQme, and op 
 JuSTAMOND, see Powder, Arsenical. 
 
 Arsenical Solution, see Arseniate of Soda, 
 and Liquor Arsenicalis. 
 
 ARSENICI HYDRIODAS, Arsenic, Iodide of 
 — a. lodidum, Arsenic, Iodide of — a, loduretum, 
 Arsenic, Iodide of — a. Teriodidum, Arsenic, Io- 
 dide of. 
 
 ARSENICISM'US, Intoxica'tio Arsenica'lis. 
 Poisoning by arsenic. 
 
 ARSENICUM, Arsenic. 
 
 Arsen'icum Album, White Ar'senic, Oxide 
 of Ar'senic, Ratsbane, Arsen'ici ox'ydum al- 
 bum, Calx Arsen'ici alba, Ac''idum Arsenica' sinn 
 seu Arsenio' sum (Ph. U. S.), Arsenious acid. White 
 oxide of arsenic, (P.) Arsenic blane. An acid 
 which is met with in commerce, in compact, white, 
 heavy, fragile masses; of a vitreous aspect, opake, 
 and covered with a white dust ; of an acrid and 
 nauseous taste ; without smell when cold ; vola- 
 tilizable by heat, and exhaling the odour of gar- 
 
ARSENIS POTASS^ 
 
 93 
 
 ARTi:RE 
 
 lie ; soluble in water, alcohol, and oil ; crystal- 
 lizable in regular octahedrons. It is this that is 
 meant by the name arsenic, as commonly used. 
 
 Arsen'icum Album Sublima'tum, Sublimed 
 O-cide of Arsenic, is the one employed in medi- 
 cine. It is tonic and escharotic, and is the most 
 virulent of mineral poisons. It is used in inter- 
 mittents, periodical headachs, neuroses, &c. Dose, 
 gr. one-tenth to one-eighth, in pill. See Poisons, 
 Table of. 
 
 Arsenicum Iodatum, Arsenic, Iodide of — a. 
 Rubrum faetitium, Realgar. 
 
 ARSENIS POTASSiE, Arsenite of protoxide 
 of potassium — a. Potassse aquosus. Liquor arseni- 
 calis — a. Potassse liquidus, Liquor arsenicalis. 
 
 AR'SENITE, Ar'senis. A salt, formed by a 
 combination of the arsenious acid with a salifi- 
 able base. 
 
 Ak'senite of Protox'ide of Potas'sium, Pro- 
 tn-nr'senite of Potas'sitim, Ar'aenite of Potassa, 
 Ar'senis Pofassce. An uncrystallizable and co- 
 lourless salt, which forms the basis of the liquor 
 nrseniealis, which see. 
 
 Arsenite of Quinia, Quinias arsenis. 
 
 ARSE-SMART, BITING, Polygonum hydro- 
 piper. 
 
 ART, HEALING, ^rs Sanan'di, 3Iedici'na. 
 The appropriate application of the precepts of 
 the best physicians, and of the results of experi- 
 ence to the treatment of disease. 
 
 Art, Veterinary, Veterinary art. 
 
 AR'TABE, aprajSij. Name of a Persian mea- 
 sure for dry substances, in use with the ancients, 
 equal at times, to 5 modii: at others, to 3; and 
 at others, again, to 7. — Galen. 
 
 ARTANTHE ELONGATA, see Matico. 
 
 AR'TELSHEIM, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These German waters have been much recom- 
 mended in hysteria, gout, palsy, &c. Their 
 physical or chemical properties have not been 
 described. 
 
 ARTEMIS'IA, Anacti'rion. Ord. Compositae. 
 Called after a queen of the name, who first em- 
 ployed it; or from Aprspug, 'Diana;' because it 
 was formerly used in diseases of women, over 
 whom she presided. The Gauls called it Bricu- 
 mum. 
 
 Arteiiis'ia Abrot'anum, Abrot'anum, Abrot'- 
 owim, Abrot'anum Cathsum seu Mas, Abrathan, 
 Srintli'ernioood, Oldman, Slovemoood, (F.) A}>ro- 
 toue, Aurone, Aurone male, Aurone des Jardins, 
 Garderobe, Citronelle. Supposed to be possessed 
 of stimulant properties. 
 
 Oil of Southernwood, O'leum Ahrot'ani, (F.) 
 Haile d' Aurone, possesses the aromatic proper- 
 ties of the plant. 
 
 Artejiis'ia Absin'thium, Absin'thium, A. vtd- 
 ga're, Apsin'thium, Barypi' eron. Common Worm- 
 v:ood, Wormit, (F.) Absinthe, Properties : — tonic 
 and anthelmintic. The Oil of Wormwood, O'leum 
 Absin'thii, (F.) Huile d' Absinthe, contains the 
 aromatic virtues of the plant. 
 
 Artemisia Afra, a South African species, is 
 tonic, antispasmodic and anthelmintic; and has 
 been used in debility of the stomach, visceral ob- 
 structions, jaundice and hypochondriasis. It is 
 taken in infusion, decoction and tincture. A 
 strong infusion is used by the Cape Colonists as 
 a coUyrium in weakness of the eyes; and the 
 pounded leaves and stalks are employed as dis- 
 cutients in oedema and sugillations. 
 
 Artemisia Alba, A. Santonica — a. Balsamita, 
 A. Pontiea. 
 
 Artemisia Biennis, ^jenn/aZ Wo7-mioood ; in- 
 digenous. 
 
 Artemisia Boteys, Chenopodium ambrosi- 
 Dides. 
 
 Autemis'ia Campes'tris. Field Southernwood, 
 
 (F.) Aurone des Champs. This possesses the 
 same properties as A. Abrot'anum. 
 
 Artemisia Canadensis, Canada Wormwood — 
 a. Caudata: indigenous. 
 
 Artemisia Chenopodium, Chenopodium bo- 
 trys. 
 
 Artemisia Chinen'sis, A. In'dica, A. iloxa. 
 From this the Chinese form their moxas. 
 
 Artemisia Contra grows in Persia, Asia 
 Minor, and other parts of the East. 
 
 Artemisia Dracun'culus, Tar'agon, (F.) Ar- 
 moise estragon, Estragon. Virtues: — the same 
 as the last. The leaves are much used to season 
 food, especially in the form of Es'tragon vin'egar. 
 
 Artemis'ia Glacia'lis, Silky Wormioood ; 
 
 Artemisia Indica, Artemisia Chinensis, A. 
 Santonica; 
 
 Artemisia Juda'ica, grows in Palestine, Ara- 
 bia, China, Cochin China, and Northern Africa. 
 
 Artemisia Leptophylla, A. Pontiea; 
 
 Artemisia Maeit'ima, Absin'thium Mari'num 
 seu 3Iarit'imum, Sea Wormwood, llaritime South- 
 ernwood j- 
 
 Artemisia Moxa, A. Chinensis ; 
 and 
 
 Artemis'ia Pon'tica, A. Roma'na seu Tenui- 
 fo'lia seu Balsami'ta seu Leptophyl'la, Absinthi- 
 am Pon'ticum seu Roma'num, Roman Wormwood, 
 Lesser Wormwood, possess like virtues; — as well 
 as 
 
 Artemisia Romana, A. Pontiea; 
 
 Artemisia Rubra, A. Santonica; and 
 
 Artemis'ia Rupes'tris, Creeping Wormwood, 
 Gen'ijn album, (F.) Armoise blanc, Genijii blaiic. 
 This variety has aromatic virtues, and is used in 
 intermittents, and in amenorrhoea. 
 
 Artemis'ia Santon'ica, Santon'ieum, Cnnni 
 Herba, Chammcedris, Chammeyparis'sus, Absin'- 
 thium Santon'ieum, Sevienti'na, Xnntoli'na, Sche- 
 ba Ar'abum, Sina seu Cina Levan'tica, Tarta'rian 
 South' ernwood, (F.) Barbotine. From this and 
 other species of absinthium is obtained the so- 
 called Semen contra vermes seu Contra seu Zed,o- 
 a'ricB seu Santon'ici seu Cina, Hagiospierm' um. 
 Sanctum Semen, Wormseed, which do not consist 
 of seeds, but of broken peduncles. Virtues : — 
 anthelmintic and stimulant. Dose, gr. x. to gj 
 in powder. Its active principle is San'tonin, the 
 dose of which is from 2 to 5 grains in the day, 
 for a child six or eight years of age. 
 
 Artemisia Tenuifolia, A. Pontiea. 
 
 Artemis'ia Vulga'ris, Artemis'ia rubra et 
 alba, Cin'gultim Saneti Joan'nis, Hater Herba'- 
 rum, Berenisecum, Bubastecor' dium, Canapa'cia, 
 Blugioort, (F.) Armoise ordinaire, A. Commune, 
 Herbe de Saint Jean, Ceinture ou Couronne de 
 Saint Jean. This, as well as some other varie- 
 ties, possesses the general tonic virtues of the 
 Artemisise. Artemisia vulgaris has been highly 
 extolled by the Germans in cases of epilepsy. 
 Dose of the powder, in the 24 hours, from ^ss to 
 
 ARTERE, Artery— o. Brachiale, Brachial ar- 
 tery — a. Brachio-cephaliqve, Innominata arteria 
 — a. Bronchique, Bronchial artery — a. Ciliaire, 
 Ciliary artery — a. CUtorienne : see Clitoris — a. 
 C(Ecale : see Colic arteries — a. Collaterale du 
 coude, Anastomoticus magnus ramus — a. Collate- 
 rale externe, Arteria profunda humeri — a. Colla- 
 terale interne, Anastomoticus magnus ramus — a. 
 Curonaire des levres, Labial artery — a. Coronaire 
 Stomachique, Coronary artery — a. Crurale, Crural 
 artery — a. Deuxieme des thoraciques, Arteria tho- 
 racica externa inferior — a. Epineuse, Meningeal 
 artery,middle — n.i^e/no?*o-p(>p?(Vee,Ischiatic artery 
 — a. Fessiere, Gluteal artery — a. Gastrique droite, 
 petite, Pyloric artery — a. Gutturo-maxillaire, 
 Maxillary artery, internal — a. Honteuse externe, 
 Pudic, external, artery — a. Honteuse interne, Pu- 
 
ARTERIA 
 
 94 
 
 ARTERITIS 
 
 die, internal, artery — a. Humerale profonde, At- 
 teria profunda humeri — a. Iliaque primitive, Iliac 
 artery — a. Innominee, Innominata arteria — a. 
 Irienne, Ciliary artery — a. Isekio-penienne : see 
 Pudic, internal, artery — a. ilediane anterieure, 
 Spinal artery, anterior — a. Medicine posterieure 
 du rachis, Spinal artery, posterior — a. Meningee 
 moyenne, Meningeal artery, middle — a. JJening- 
 ienne posterieure, Prevertebral artery — a.Menton- 
 viere, Mental foramen — or. Mesocephalique, Basi- 
 lary artery — a. Ifesocolique : see Colic artery — 
 a. JIuicidaire du bras, Arteria profunda humeri 
 — a. Masculaire du bras, grande : see Collateral 
 arteries of the arm — a. Musculaire grande de la 
 cuisse, Arteria profunda femoris — a. Opisthogas- 
 trique, Cceliac artery — a. Orbitaire, Ophthalmic 
 artery — a. de I'Ovaire, Spermatic artery — a. 
 Pelm-crurale, Crural artery — a. Pelvi-erurale, 
 Iliac artery — a. Pelvienne, Hypogastric artery — 
 a. Premiere dea thoraciques, Arteria thoraciea 
 externa superior — a. Prevert^brale, Preverte- 
 bral artery — a. Radio-carpienne transversals 
 pnlmaire, Fiadio-carpal artery — a. Scrotale, Pu- 
 dic, external, artery — a. Sous-claviere, Subcla- 
 vian artery — a. Sous-piibio-femorale, Obturator 
 artery — a. Sous-pubienne, Pudic, internal, artery 
 — a. Sons-sternal, Mammary, internal— ^a. Sphe- 
 tto-epineuse, Meningeal artery, middle — a. Stomo- 
 gastrique, Coronary artery — a. Sus-carpienne : 
 see Sus-carpien — a. Sus-maxillaire, Alveolar 
 artery — a. Sus-maxillaire, Buccal artery — n. 
 Siis-metatarsienne, Metatarsal artery — a. Sus- 
 pubienne, Epigastric artery — a. Testiculaire, 
 Spermatic artery — a Thoracique humerale, Acro- 
 mial artery — a. Trachelocervical : see Cerebral 
 arteries — a. Trochanterienne, Circumflex artery 
 of the thigh — a. Troisihne des thoraciques. Acro- 
 mial artery — a. Tympanique, Auditory artery, 
 external — a. Uveale : see Ciliary artery — a. Vid- 
 vaire, Pudic, external, artery. 
 
 ARTEPtlA, Artery — a. Ad Cutem Abdominis, 
 see Ad Cutem abdominis, (arteria) — a. Anonyma, 
 Innominata artery — a. Aspera, Trachea — a. Ce- 
 rebralis, Carotid, internal — a. Cervicalis, Basilary 
 artery — a. Coronaria dextra, Pyloric artery — a. 
 Crassa, Aorta — a. Cruralis, Crural artery — a. 
 Externa Cubiti, Radial artery — a. Dorsalis meta- 
 carpi. Metacarpal artery — a. Durae matris media 
 maxima, Meningeal artery, middle — a. Encepha- 
 liea. Carotid, internal — a. Gastrica superior. 
 Coronary artery — a. Ileo-colica : see Colic arteries 
 — a. Iliaca interna, Hypogastric artery — a. Iliaoa 
 posterior, Hypogastric artery — a. Magna, Aorta 
 — a. Magna pollicis, Princeps pollicis — a. Malleo- 
 laris externa : see Tibial arteries — a. Malleolaris 
 interna: see Tibial arteries — a. Mammaria ex- 
 terna, A. Thoraciea externa inferior — a. Maxima, 
 Aorta — a. Media anastomotica : see Colic arteries 
 — a. Meningsea media. Meningeal artery, middle 
 
 — a. Muscularis femoris, A. Profunda femoris — 
 a. Pharyngea suprema, Pterygoid artery — a. Pro- 
 funda cerebri : see Cerebral arteries — a. Pudenda 
 communis, Pudic, internal, artery — a. Pudica, 
 Pudic, internal, artery — a. Ramulus ductus 
 Pterygoidei, Pterygoid artery — a. Spheno-spi- 
 nosa, Meningeal artery, middle — a. Spinales, Spi- 
 nal arteries — a. Spinalis, A. Profunda humeri — 
 a. Sternalis, Mammary, internal — a. Supra-orbi- 
 talis. Frontal artery — a. Sylviana: see Cerebral 
 arteries — a. Thoraciea axillaris vel alaris. Scapu- 
 lar artery, inferior — a. Thoraciea humeralis, 
 Acromial artery — a. Transversalis colli : see 
 Cerebral arteries — a. Transversalis humeri, Sca- 
 pular artery, superior — a. Ulnaris, Cubital artery 
 
 — a. Uterina hypogastrica. Uterine artery — a. 
 Vasta posterior, A. Profunda femoris. 
 
 ARTE'RIAC, Arteri'acus. A medicine pre- 
 scribed in diseases of the windpipe. Also arte- 
 rial. 
 
 ARTE'RI^ ADIPO'SiE. The arteries which 
 secrete the fat about the kidneys are sometimes 
 so called. They are ramifications of the capsular, 
 diaphragmatic, renal, and spermatic arteries. 
 
 ArterIvE ApoPLECTiCyE, Carotids — a. Capitales, 
 Carotids — a. Ciliares, Ciliary arteries — a. Corporis 
 callosi cerebri, Mesolobar arteries — a. Jugulares, 
 Carotids — a. Lethargicae, Carotids — a. Mesolobi- 
 086, Mesolobar arteries — a. Prseparantes, Sper- 
 matic arteries — a. Somniferse, Carotids — a. Sopo- 
 rales, Carotids — a. Soporarise, Carotids — a. Ve- 
 nosEe, Pulmonary veins. 
 
 ARTE'RIAL, Arteri'acus, Arterio'sus. Be- 
 longing to arteries. 
 
 Arterial Blood, (F.) Sang arteriel. Red 
 blood is so called because contained in the arte- 
 ries. The pulmonary veins, however, also con- 
 tain red blood : hence the name arterial veins, 
 (F.) Veines arterielles, applied to them. 
 Arterial Constitution, Plethora arteriosa. 
 Arte'rial Duct, Cana'lis arterio'sus, Ductus 
 arterio'sus seu Botal'lii, (F.) Canal arteriel, C. 
 Pulmo-aortique, is the portion of the pulmonary 
 artery which terminates in the aorta in the foetus. 
 When this duct is obliterated after birth, it is 
 called Arte'rial Lig'ament, Lig amen' turn arterio'- 
 sum, (F.) Ligament arteriel. 
 
 Arterial System includes all the arteries, 
 from their origin in the heart to their termina- 
 tion in the organs. See Vascular System. 
 
 ARTERIALIZATION OF THE BLOOD, 
 Hsematosis. 
 
 ARTERIARGTIE, from aprrjpta, 'artery,' and 
 arcto, 'i straiten.' Contraction of an artery. 
 ARTERIECTASIS, Aneurism. 
 ARTERIECTOP'IA, from aprnpia, 'artery,' 
 and sKToTTOi, ' out of place.' Dislocation of an 
 artery. 
 ARTERIEURYSMA, Aneurism. 
 ARTERIITIS, Arteritis. 
 ARTERIODIALYSIS, see Aneurism. 
 ARTERIOG'RAPHY, Arteriogra'pihia : from 
 aprrjpia, 'artery,' and ypaipr/, 'a description.' A 
 description of the arteries. 
 ARTERIOLA. A small artery. 
 ARTERIOL'OGY, Arteriolog" ia ; from aprn- 
 pia, 'artery,' and \oyos, 'a discourse.' A treatise 
 on the arteries. 
 
 ARTERIO-PHLEEOTOMY, see Bloodletting. 
 ARTE'RIO-PITU'ITOUS. An epithet ap- 
 plied to vessels which creep along the interior of 
 the nostrils. — Ruysch. 
 
 ARTERIORRHEXIS, see Aneurism. 
 ARTERIOS'ITAS, Arterios' ity , from arteria, 
 'an artery.' A condition of the blood in which 
 it preserves in the veins the arterial character. — 
 The opposite to Venositas. 
 
 Arteriositas Sanguinis, Preedominium san- 
 guinis arteriosi. 
 
 ARTERIOSTEIE, irom ap^pia, 'artery,' and 
 ouTcov, 'a bone.' Ossification of an artery. — 
 Piorry. 
 
 ARTERIOSTENO'SIS, from aprnpia, 'artery,' 
 and GTivos, 'contracted.' Contraction or oblite- 
 ration of an artery. 
 
 . AUTEUIOT'OMY, Arteriotom'ia, from aprripia, 
 'an artery,' and rt^vw, 'I cut.' This word has 
 been used for the dissection of arteries. Most 
 commonly, however, it means a surgical opera- 
 tion, which consists in opening an artery, to 
 draw blood from it. Arteriotomy is chiefly used 
 in inflammatory aflFectioBS of the head, when the 
 blood is generally obtained from the temporal 
 artery. See Bloodletting. 
 
 ARTERI'TIS, Arterii'tis, Inflamma'tio Arte- 
 ria'rum, (F.) Arterite, Inflammation des arteres /. 
 from aprrjpia, 'an artery,' and itis, a termination 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of an ar- 
 
ARTERY 
 
 95 
 
 ARTERY 
 
 tery. Inflammation of the inner coat of an 
 artery is termed Endo-arteri'tis, or Endonar- 
 teri'tis ; of the outer, Exo-arteri'tis or Exar- 
 teri'tis. 
 
 AR'TERT, Arte'ria, (F.) Artere, from anp, 
 'air,' and rnpc-tv, 'to preserve/ quasi, 'receptacle 
 of air,' because the ancients believed that it con- 
 tained air. They, at first, gave the name Artery 
 to the trachea, aprtjpia rpa^^ia, because it is filled 
 with air ; and afterwards they used the same 
 term for the arteries, properly so called, probably 
 because they commonly found them empty in the 
 dead body. We find, also, (pXcjit; to designate 
 the arteries, called by the Latins VencB miean'tes 
 }}idsat'iles. Arteries, with the moderns, signify 
 the order of vessels, which arise from the two 
 ventricles of the heart, and have valves only at 
 their origin. They are cylindrical, firm, and 
 elastic canals ; of a yellowish white colour; little 
 dilatable ; easily lacerable ; and formed, 1. Of an 
 external, laminated, or areolar membrane, Tu'- 
 iiica externa seu adventWia seu cellula'ris, Va- 
 gina cellula'ris, of a dense and close character. 
 2. Of a middle coat, Tu'nica me'dia seu elas'- 
 tica, composed of fibres, which do not, however, 
 contract on the application of the galvanic stimu- 
 lus, formed chiefly of elastic tissue, and also of 
 smooth muscular fibres, and eminently elastic; 
 and, 3. Of an inner coat, Tu'nica in'tima seu 
 (/labra, which is thin, diaphanous, reddish, and 
 polished. 
 
 The use of the arteries is to carry the blood 
 from the heart to the various parts of the system. 
 It will be obvious, however, that they cannot all 
 convey arterial blood. The pulmonary artery, 
 for example, is destined to convey the venous 
 blood to the lungs, there to be converted into 
 arterial; whilst the pulmonary veins convey 
 arterial blood back to the heart. 
 
 TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL ARTERIES OP THE BODY. 
 
 All the arteries take their rise from the Pul- 
 monary Artery, or the Aorta; and the names 
 generally indicate the parts to which they are 
 distributed. 
 
 1. Arteria Pulmonalis. 
 
 The Pulmonary Artery arises from the right 
 ventricle, and soon divides into a right and left 
 branch, one of which is distributed to each lung. 
 
 II. Arteria Aorta. 
 The Aorta arises from the left ventricle. It is 
 the common trunk of the arteries of the body, 
 and may be divided into five portions. 
 
 a. Arteries furnished hy the Aorta at its origin. 
 
 1. A. Cardiaca ftr coronaria anterior. 
 
 2. A. Cardiaca or coronaria posterior. 
 
 b. Arteries furnished hy the Aorta at its arch. ,~ 
 
 The arch of the Aorta gives ofi", to the left, two 
 considerable trunks — the Arteria carotidea pri- 
 mitiva, and A. subclavia; and, to the right, a 
 single trunk, which is larger — the A. innominata, 
 or Brachio-cephaliea, which divides into the pri- 
 rnitive carotid and subclavian. 
 
 A. Arteria Caro- f Divides into A. Carotidea externa, 
 liDEA PRiMiTivA. t and A. Carotidea interna. 
 ' Furnishes, 1. A. Thyroidea superior. 
 
 2. A. lingualis, which gives ofi the A. dor- 
 salis linguae and A. sublingualis. 
 
 3. A. facialis vel A. MaxiUaris externa, 
 which furnishes the A. palatina infe- 
 rior, the A. submentalis, and A. coro- 
 naria superior and inferior. 
 
 4. A. occipitalis, which gives off the A. 
 mastoidea posterior. 
 
 5. A. auricularis posterior, which gives off 
 A. stylo-mastoidea. 
 
 6. A. pharyngea inferior. 
 
 a. A. Ca- 
 rotidea 
 externa. 
 
 rails. 
 
 2. A 
 
 Maxilla- 
 ris in- 
 terna. 
 
 b. A. Ca- 
 rotidea 
 Interna. 
 
 The external carotid ultimately divides into the tem- 
 poral artery and internal maxillary. 
 
 m ■ ■ J Furnishes A. transversalis faciei, A. auricu- 
 - - " j laris anten-ior, and A. temporalis media. 
 
 ' Furnishes 13 branches, viz. — A. meningea 
 media, A. dentaris inferior, A. temporcdig 
 prnfunda p)osterior, A. masseterina, A. 
 pteryijoidea, A. buccalis, A. temporalis prro- 
 funda, anterior, A. alveolaris, A. suhorhi- 
 taris, A. vidiana., A. pterygopaloiina or 
 pharyngea superior, A. palatina superior, 
 and A. splienopalatina. 
 f Furnishes, 1. A. ophthalmica, ■which gives 
 off A. lacrymalis, A. centralis retinse, A. 
 supraorbitaria vel supereiliaris, A. ciliares 
 posteriores, A. ciliares lougse, A. niuscu- 
 laris superior et inferior, A. ethmoidalis 
 posterior et anterior, A. palpebralis supe- 
 rior et inferior, A. nasalis, and A. fronta- 
 lis. 2 A. communicans Willesii. 3. A. 
 choroidea. 4. A. cerebralis anterior. 5. A. 
 cerebralis media. 
 ' Furnishes, 1. A. vertebralis, which gives off 
 A. spinalis anterior et posterior, A. cere- 
 bellosa inferior, and forms — by uniting it- 
 self with that of the opposite side — the A. 
 basilaris, divided into A. cerebellosa su- 
 perior and A. cerebralis posterior. 2. A 
 B. AEt thyroidea inferior, which gives off A. cer- 
 TERIA j vicalis ascendens. 3. A. mammaria in- 
 SuBCLA- j terna, which gives off the A. mediastina 
 via. anterior and A. diaphragmatica superior. 
 
 4. A. intercostalis superior. 5. A. cervico/- 
 lis transversa. 6. A. scapularis superior. 
 7. A. cervicalis posterior vel profunda. 
 Farther on, the subclavian artery conti- 
 tinues its progress under the name A. axil- 
 laris. 
 Furnishes, 1. A. acromialis. 2. A. thoracica 
 superior. 3. A. thoracica inferior vel longa 
 vel mammaria externa, i. A. scapularis 
 inferior vel communis. 5. A. circumflexa 
 posterior. 6. A. circumflexa anterior. Far- 
 ther on, the axillary artery continues un- 
 , der the name A. brachialis. 
 ' Furnishes A. humeralis profunda vel collate- 
 ralis externa.. 2. A. collateralis interna. 
 It afterwards divides into the radial and 
 cubital arteries, 
 f Gives off A. recurrens radialis, A. dorsalis 
 l.A.Ea-) carpi, A. dorsalis metacarpi, A. dorsalis 
 dialis. 1 pollicis, and terminates in forming the 
 Arcus pahnaris profundus. 
 'Gives off A. recurrens cuintalis anterior and 
 posterior: A. interossea anterior and jjos- 
 2. A. Cur \ terior, which latter furnishes A. recurrens 
 bitalis. ' radialis posterior. It terminates in form- 
 ing the superficial palmar arch, which 
 gives off A. collaterales digitorum. 
 
 c. Arteries given off hy the Aorta in the Thorax, 
 
 1. A. Bronchica, dextra el sinistra. 
 
 2. A. cesophagaa (to the number of four, 
 five, or six). 
 
 3. A. mediastince posteriores. 
 
 4. A. intercostales inferiores vel aoriiccs 
 (to the number of eight, nine, or ten). 
 
 A. Axil- 
 laris. 
 
 A. Bra- 
 chialis. 
 
 Tliese 
 arteries ■ 
 are. 
 
 d. Arteries furnished hy the Aorta in the Abdomen. 
 
 , , \ 1. The A. diaphragmatica vel phrenwa, 
 orancnesK dextra el sinistra. 
 
 are, (. 
 
 I Which divides into three branches, 1. A. co- 
 ronaria ventriculi. 2. A. Sepatica, which 
 gives off A, pylorica, A. gastro-epiploica 
 dextra, and A. cystica; and, lastly, the A. 
 splenica, which gives off A. gastro-epiplo- 
 ica sinistra and Vasa brevia. 
 3. A ("Which gives off at its concavity the A. co- 
 Ifesen- J lica, dextra superior, niedia et inferior, and 
 terica 1 at its convex part from 15 to 20 Rami in- 
 superior. (_ testinales. 
 
 w-' Which gives off A. colica superior media, 
 
 terica ' ^^'^ inferior, and divides into A. hsemor- 
 
 Mesenr 
 inferior. [ rhoidales superiores. 
 
 5. The A. Capsulares medim (to the number of two on 
 
 each side). 
 
 6. A. Renales vel Emidgentes. 
 
 7. A. Spermo.ticcB. 
 
 8. A. Lumhares (to the number of four and five on 
 
 each side). 
 
ARTETISCUS 
 
 96 
 
 ARTHEOLOGY 
 
 e. Arteries resulting from, the Bifurcation of the 
 Aorta. 
 
 Tca ( 
 
 Divides into A. JMaca interna and A. lliaca 
 externa. 
 
 a. A. ll- 
 iaca in- 
 terna. 
 
 b. A. ll- 
 iaca ex- 
 terna. 
 
 A. Cru- 
 ralis. 
 
 A. Pop- 
 litsea. 
 
 2. A. Ti- 
 bialis 
 postica 
 
 The Aorta, a little above its Bifurcation, gives "off 
 the A. sacra media, and divides into A. iliaccR primi- 
 tivce 
 
 A. lliaca 
 
 jn-imi- 
 
 tiva. 
 
 Furnishes, 1. A. ilio-lumharis. 2. A. sacra 
 lateralis. 3. A glutea vel iliaca posterior. 
 4. A. utnbilicalis. 5. A. vesicalis. 6. A. 
 ohturatoria. 7. A. hcemorrhoidea mtdia. 
 8. A. uterina. 9. A. vaginalis. 10. A. 
 ischiatica. 11. A. pudeiula interna, \7hich 
 gives off the A. kemorrhoidales inferiores. 
 A. of the septum, A. transversa perinei, 
 A. corporis cavernosi, and A. dorsalis penis. 
 ' Furnishes, 1. A. epigastrica, 2. A. iliaca an- 
 terior vel circumflexa ilii, and is continued 
 afterwards under the name of Crural Ar- 
 tery. 
 (Furnishes, 1. A. subcutanea abdominalis. 2. 
 I A. pudenda superficialis and profunda. 3. 
 A. muscidaris superficialis. 4. A. muscu- 
 I laris profunda, which gives off the A. cir- 
 \ cumflexa externa and interna, and the 
 three Perforantes, distinsuishea into su- 
 perior, middle, and inferior. Farther on, 
 the crural artery continues under the name 
 A. Pojilitcea. 
 "Furnishes, 1. A. Articulares superiores, in- 
 terna, media, et externa. 2. A. Gamellce. 
 3. A. Articulares inferiores, interna et ex- 
 terna. 4. A tibialis antica, which, at the 
 foot, takes the name A. dorsalis tarsi, and 
 gives off the tarsal and metatarsal arte- 
 ries. In the leg, the popliteal artery di- 
 vides into the peroneal and posterior 
 tibial. 
 
 1. A. Pe- i' Divides into A. per oruea antica and A. peron<ea 
 ronaea. } postica. 
 
 ("Divides into A. plantaris interna and A. 
 plantaris externa. The latter, by anasto- 
 mosing with the A. dorsalis tarsi, forms 
 the plantar arch, whence arise Rami su- 
 periores vel pe.rforante^s postici, R. Inferi- 
 ores postici et antici, which give off Rami 
 [_ perforantes antici. 
 
 Artery, Ajjgular, Facial artery — a. Articu- 
 lar, Circumflex artery— a. Brachiocephalic, Inno- 
 rainata arteria — a. Central of the retina, Central 
 artery of the retina — a. Central of Zinn, Central 
 artery of the retina — a. Cephalic, Carotid — a. 
 Cerebral posterior, Vertebral — a. Cervico-scapu- 
 lar, see Cervical arteries — a. Coronary of the lips, 
 Labial artery — a. Crotaphite, Temporal artery — 
 a. Fibular, Peroneal artery — a. Gastric inferior, 
 Gastro-epiploic artery — a. Gastro-hepatic, see 
 Gastro- epiploic artery — a. Genital, Pudic (inter- 
 nal) artery^a. Guttural inferior, Thyroideal A. 
 inferior — a. Guttural superior, Thyroideal A. su- 
 perior — a. Humeral, Brachial artery — a. Iliac 
 posterior. Gluteal artery — a. Iliaco-muscular, 
 Deo-lumbar artery — a. Labial, Facial artery — a. 
 Laryngeal superior, Thyroideal artery, superior 
 — a. Maxillary internal. Facial artery — a. Median 
 of the sacrum, Sacral artery, anterior — a. Nasal, 
 lateral, large, Spheno-palatine artery — a. Palato- 
 labial, Facial artery — a. Periccphalic, Carotid 
 (external) — a. Pharyngeal, superior, Pterygo- 
 palatine artery — a. Phrenic, Diaphragmatic ar- 
 tery — a. Posterior, of the brain, sge Cerebral ar- 
 teries — a. External scapular. Acromial artery — 
 a. Spinal, Meningeal artery, middle — a. Subcla- 
 vian right, Innominata arteria — a. Subscapular, 
 Scapular artery, inferior — a. Superficial of the 
 abdomen. Ad cutem abdominis (arteria) — a. Su- 
 pramaxillary, Alveolar artery — a. Suprarenal, 
 Capsular artery — a. Thoracic, internal. Mammary 
 internal — a. Urethro-bulbar, Transverse perineal 
 artery — a. Vesieo-prostatic, Vesical artery — a. 
 Vidian, Pterygoid artery. 
 
 ARTETIS'CUS, from artus, 'a limb.' One who 
 has lost a litnb. 
 
 ARTEURYSMA, Aneurism. 
 
 ARTHANI'TA, from apros, 'bread,-' the Ci/c'- 
 
 lamen or Sowbread. It was formerly made into 
 ointment, Unguen'tum Artliani'tcs, with many 
 other substances, and was employed as a purga- 
 tive, being rubbed on the abdomen. 
 
 Aeth ANITA Cyclamen, Cyclamen. 
 
 ARTHETICA, Teucrium chamEepitys. 
 
 ARTHRAGRA, Gout— a. Anomala, Gout, an- 
 omalous — a. Genuina, Gout, regular — a. Legiti- 
 ma. Gout, regular — a. Normalis, Gout, regular — 
 a. Vera, Gout, regular. 
 
 ARTHRALGIA, Arthrodynia, Gout. See Lead 
 rheumatism. 
 
 ARTHRELGO'SIS, from ap^pov, 'a joint,' and 
 'tXxwaig, 'ulceration.' Ulceration of a joint. 
 
 ARTHREMBOLE'SIS, same etymon as the 
 next. The reduction of a fracture or luxation. 
 
 ARTHREM'BOLUS, from apV. 'a joint,' 
 cv, 'in,' and fiaWw, 'I cast.' An ancient instru- 
 ment used in the reduction of dislocations. 
 
 ARTHRETICA, Teucrium chamajpitys. 
 
 AJiTliJilT'IC, Arthrit'icus, Gouty, from ap^pov, 
 'a joint.' {¥.) Arthritique, Goutteux. That which 
 relates to gout or arthritis, as arthritic symptoms, 
 &c. See Podagric. 
 
 ARTHRITICUS VERUS, Gout. 
 
 ARTHRITIF'UGUM, from arthritis, 'gout,' 
 and fugare, 'to drive away.' A remedy that 
 drives away gout. Heyden terms cold water, 
 internally, the arthritif ugum magnum. 
 
 ARTHRITIS, Gout, Arthrophlogosis, Arthro- 
 sia — a. Aberrans, Gout (wandering) — a. Acuta, 
 Gout (regular) — a. Arthrodynia, Rheumatism, 
 chronic — a. Asthenica, Gout (atonic) — a. Atonic, 
 Gout (atonic) — a. Diaphragmatica, Angina Pec- 
 toris — a. Erratica, Gout (wandering) — a. Hydrar- 
 thros, Hydrarthrus — a. Inflammatoria, Gout (re- 
 gular) — a. Juvenilis, see Rheumatism, acute — a. 
 Masillaris, Siagonagra^a. Nodosa, Gout (with 
 nodosities) — a. Planetica, Gout (wandering)— a. 
 Podagra, Gout — a. Rheumatica, see Rheumatism, 
 acute — a. Rheumatismus, Rheumatism, acute — 
 a. Retrograda, Gout (retrograde). 
 
 ARTHROC'ACE, from ap^pov, 'a. joint,' and 
 KaKog, 'bad.' Disease of the joints; and espe- 
 cially caries of the articular surfaces. Spina 
 ventosa. 
 
 Arthrocace Cosarum, Coxarum morbus. 
 
 ARTHROCACOLOG"IA, from arthrocacia— 
 according to Rust, a chronic disease of the joints; 
 and Aoyoj, 'a description.' A treatise on chronic 
 diseases of the joints. 
 
 ARTHROCARCINO'MA, from ap^pov, 'a 
 'joint,' and KapKiviop-a, 'cancer.' Cancer of the 
 joints. 
 
 ARTHROCHO]SrDRrTIS,froma/[)5poi', 'a 
 joint,' ■xpy^poi, 'a cartilage,' and itis, denoting 
 infiammatron. Inflammation of the cartilages 
 and joints. 
 
 ARTHRO'DIA, from ap^pov, 'a joint.' Adar- 
 ticula'tio, (F.) Enfongure, JEnfonceure. A move- 
 able joint, formed by the head of a bone applied 
 to the surface of a shallow socket, so that it can 
 execute movements in every direction. Arthro'- 
 dium is ' a small joint;' diminutive of Arthrodia. 
 
 ARTHRODYN'IA, Arthronal'gia, Arthral'gia, 
 from ap^pov, 'a joint,' and ohwrj, 'pain.' Articu- 
 lar pain. Pain in the joints. See Rheumatism, 
 chronic. 
 
 Arthrodynia Podagrica, Gout. 
 
 ARTHROG'RAPHY, Arthrograph'ia, from 
 apSpov, 'a joint,' and ypa(poi, 'I write.' A de- 
 scription of the joints. 
 
 ARTHROGRYPOSIS, from apSpov, 'a joint,' 
 and ypv-ou), 'I incurvate.' Malposition of the 
 joints, especiallv of the hands and feet. 
 
 ARTHROHYDRINE, Synovia. 
 
 ARTHROL'OGY, Arthrolog" ia, from ap^pov, 
 'a joint,' and "Koyog, 'a description.' A descrip- 
 tion of the joints. The anatomy of the joints. 
 
ARTHROMBOLE 
 
 97 
 
 ARTIFICIAL 
 
 ARTHROMBOLE, from ap&pov, and jSaXXw, 
 ' I cast.' Coaptation, reduction. Reduction of 
 a luxated or fractured bone. 
 
 ARTHROMENINGITIS, Meningarthroeaee. 
 ARTHRON, 'a joint.' The ancients used tbe 
 word ArthroH for the articulation of bones with 
 motion, in opposition to Symphjsh, or articula- 
 tion without motion. 
 
 ARTHRONALGIA, Arthrodynia. 
 ARTHRON'CUS, Artkrophy'ma, from ap^pov, 
 •a joint,' and oyKog, 'a swelling.' Tumefaction 
 of a joint. 
 ARTHROXEMPYESIS, Arthropyosis. 
 ARTHROPATHY, Ai-thropathi'a, from ap^pov, 
 'a joint,' and naS-os, 'affection.' A disease of the 
 joints. 
 
 ARTHROPHLOGO'SIS, from ap&pov, 'a joint,' 
 and (p'Xs.yo), 'I burn:' Arthri'tis, Ostarthro'sis. 
 Inflammation of the joints. 
 
 ARTHROPHLOGOSIS SYNOVIALIS, Syno- 
 vitis. 
 
 ARTHROPHYMA ADENOCHONDRIUM, 
 see Adenoehondrius. 
 
 ARTHROPYd'SIS, Arthronempye'sis, from 
 ap^pov, 'a joint,' and -kvov, 'pus.' Suppuration 
 or abscess of the joints. 
 
 ARTHRO-RHEUMATISMUS, Rheumatism 
 (acute). 
 
 ARTHRO'SIA, from ap^pout, '1 articulate.' 
 Arthritis, (of some). Inflammation, mostly con- 
 fined to the joints; severely painful; occasionally 
 extending to the surrounding muscles. A genus 
 of diseases in the Nosology of Good, including 
 Rheumatism, Gout, Articular inflammation, Joint- 
 ache, Ac. 
 
 Arthrosia Acuta, Rheumatism, acute — a. 
 Chronica, Rheumatism, chronic — a. Lumborum, 
 Lumbago — a. Podagra, Gout — a. Podagra com- 
 plicata, Gout (retrograde) — a. Podagra larvata, 
 Gout (atonic) — a. Podagra regularis, Gout (re- 
 gular). 
 
 ARTHROSIS, Articulation. 
 ARTHROSPON'GUS, from ap^pov, 'a. joint,' 
 and azoyyog, 'a sponge.' A white, fungous tu- 
 mour of the joints. 
 
 ARTHROTRAU'MA, from ap$rpov, 'a joint,' 
 and Tpiivjia, 'a wound.' A wound of a joint. 
 
 AR'TIA. According to some, this word is sy- 
 nonymous with aprripia; Others use it synony- 
 mously with Trachea. 
 
 ARTICHAUT, Cynara scolymus. 
 ARTICHOKE, Cynara scolymus. 
 ARTICLE, Articulation — a. of Death, see 
 Psychorages. 
 ARTICOCALUS, Cynara scolymus. 
 ARTICULAR, Articula'ris, (F.) Articulaire, 
 from artits, 'a joint;' articulus, 'a small joint.' 
 That which relates to the articulations — as the 
 articular capsules, &c. 
 
 Articular Arteries of the Arm, Circumflex 
 arteries of the arm. 
 
 Artic'ular Ar'teries of the Knee arise 
 from the popliteal artery, and surround the tibio- 
 femoral articulation. Although of a small size, 
 they are important, as they furnish blood to the 
 lower extremity after the operation for popliteal 
 aneurism. They are distinguished into superior 
 and inferior. The superior articular arteries, 
 pop)liteal articular arteries, are commonly three 
 in number; one of which is internal, another ex- 
 ternal, and another middle, the az'ygous artic'- 
 ular, Th.e first. Ramus anastomot'icus magntis, 
 anastomoses by one branch with the external cir- 
 cumflex, and by another with the external supe- 
 rior articular. The second anastomoses with the 
 external circumflex, the superior internal arti- 
 cular, and the inferior external articular; and 
 the third is distributed within the joint. The in- 
 ferior articular arteries are two in number : an 
 7 
 
 internal and external. The former anastomoses 
 with the internal superior articular and the ex- 
 ternal inferior articular. The latter anastomoses 
 with the recurrent branch of the anterior tibial, 
 and the external superior articular. To each 
 articular artery there is an articular nerve. 
 
 Artic'ular Facettes' are the contiguous 
 surfaces, by means of which the bones are arti- 
 culated. 
 
 Articular Processes, see Vertebra. 
 
 Artic'ular Veins of the knee follow the 
 same course as the arteries. 
 
 ARTICULATED, Articula'tus, (F.) ArticuU, 
 same etymon as Articulation. Provided with, or 
 united by, articulations ; as an ' articulated skele- 
 ton.' See Skeleton, articulated; and Voice, ar- 
 ticulated. 
 
 ARTICULATIO, Articulation — a. Artificialis, 
 Pseudarthrosis — a. Notha, Pseudarthrosis. 
 
 ARTICULA'TION, Joint, Articula'tio, Ar- 
 thro'sis, Assarthro'sis, Artie' ulus, Junctu'ra, Cola, 
 Conjunc'tio, Nodus, Commissu'ra, Compa'ges, 
 Syntax'is, Har'mus, Vertic'ula, Vertic'ulus, Ver- 
 tic'ulnrn, (F.) Articulation, Article. By some of 
 the French surgeons and anatomists, article is 
 restricted more particularly to a movable articu- 
 lation. Same etymon. The union of bones with 
 each other, as well as the kind of union. 
 
 table op articulations. 
 
 Articulations are generally divided into Diar- 
 throses or movable articulations, and Synar- 
 throses or immovable. 
 
 f 1. Amphiarthrosis. 
 
 2. Diarthrosis, orbicu- f Enarthrosis. 
 Diarthroses. -i lar vague. \ Arthrodia. 
 
 3. Alternative or Ginglymus, which 
 admits of varieties. 
 
 1. Suture. 
 Si/narthroses. \ 'i harmony. 
 
 4. Schindylesis. 
 
 The articulations are subject to a number of 
 diseases, which are generally somewhat severe. 
 These may b* physical, as wounds, sprains, luxa- 
 tions, &c. ; or they may be organic, as ankylosis, 
 extraneous bodies, caries, rheumatism, gout, hy- 
 drarthroses, arthropyosis, &c. 
 
 Articulation means also the combination of 
 letters which constitute words. See Voice. 
 
 Articulation, False, Pseudarthro'sis, Artie'- 
 tdus fal-sus, (F.) A. fausse, A. accidentelle, A. 
 contre nature, A. anormale. A false joint, formed 
 between fragments of bone, that have remained 
 ununited ; or between a luxated bone and the 
 surrounding parts. 
 
 ARTICULATION SURNUMERAIEE, 
 Pseudarthrosis — a. en Charniere, Ginglymus — a. 
 de la Hanche, Coxo-femoral articulation. 
 
 ARTICULI DIGITORUM MAN US, Phalan- 
 ges of the fingers — a. Digitorum pedis. Phalanges 
 of the toes. 
 
 ARTICULO MORTIS, see Psychorages— a. 
 Spinalis, Semispinalis colli. 
 
 ARTICULUS NOVUS, Pseudarthrosis — a. 
 Praeternaturalis, Pseudarthrosis — a. Spurius, 
 Pseudarthrosis. 
 
 ARTIFICIAL, Artificia'lia, (F.). Artificiet, 
 from ars, artis, 'art,' and facere, 'to make.' 
 That which is formed by art. 
 
 Artificial Eyes are usually made of enamel, 
 and represent a sort of hollow hemisphere, which 
 is applied beneath the eyelids, when the eye is 
 lost. 
 
 Artificial Teeth are made of ivory, porce- 
 lain, &c. 
 
 Pieces d'Anatomie Artificielles, are prepara- 
 tions of anatomy, modelled in wax, plaster, pa- 
 per, &e. 
 
ARTISCOCCUS L^VIS 
 
 98 
 
 ASARUM 
 
 ARTISCOCCUS L^VIS, Cynara scolymus. j 
 ARTIS'CUS, from aproi, 'bread.' See Tro- 
 chiscus. A troch of the shape of a small loaf. 
 Also, and especially, a troch made of vipers. 
 
 ARTOCARPUS. The Bread-fruit Tree, (F.) 
 Jaquier, from apro;, 'bread,' and icupn-oj, 'fruit.' 
 A Polynesian tree, so called because the fruit, 
 which is milky, and juicy, supplies the place of 
 bread to the inhabitants. It grows to the height 
 of 40 feet. 
 Artocarpus Integrifolia, Caoutchouc. 
 ARTOC'REAS, from aproi, 'bread,' and xpta;, 
 'flesh.' A kind of nourishing food made of va- 
 rious aliments boiled together. — Galen. 
 
 ARTOG'ALA, from apros, 'bread,' and ya\a, 
 'milk.' An alimentary preparatiou of bread and 
 milk. A poultice. , 
 
 ARTOM'ELI, from apTo;, 'bread,' and fieXi, 
 'honey.' A cataplasm of bread and honey. — 
 Galen. 
 
 ARTTJS, Membrum. 
 ARTYMA, Aroma, Condiment. 
 ARUil, A. maculatum, and A. tripbyllum — a. 
 Americanum betas foliis, Dracontium fcetidum. 
 
 Ardm DRACON'TltJlf, AriscB'ma dracon' tium, 
 Green Dragon; indigenous, has probably the 
 same medical properties as A. tripbyllum. 
 
 Arum Dracun'culus, A. polyphyl'him, Bra- 
 cun'culue polyphyl'lus, Coluhri'na Dracon'tia, 
 Erva de Sancta Maria, Giy'arus serpenta'ria, 
 Serpenta' ria GaUo'rum. Family, Aracese. Sex. 
 Syst. Monoecia Polyandria. The roots and leaves 
 are very acrimonious. The plant resembles the 
 A. macula'tum in its properties. 
 
 Arum Esculen'tdm, Cala'dium ceeulen'tum, 
 Taro, Kalo. The foliage and roots possess acrid 
 qualities, which are dissipated by baking or boil- 
 ing; in which form it is used as food by the 
 people of Madeira, the Polynesians, Ac. 
 
 Ardm Macula'tcm, Aran, Arum (of the older 
 writers), A. vnlga're, Cuckow Pint, (Prov.) CocJcy- 
 haby, Barha Aaro'nis, Serpenta' ria minor, Zin'- 
 giber German' icum, Sacerdo'tis penis, Wake 
 Robin, Priest's pintle, (F.) Gouet, Pied de Veau, 
 Pied de lievre, Picotin, Giron, Amidonniere. The 
 fresh root is stimulant internally. Dose, Qj. of 
 the dried root. Externally, it is very acrid. 
 From the root of this Arum a starch is prepared, 
 which is called Portland Island Sago, Gersa ser- 
 penta'ria, Cerus'sa serpenta' ria, Fec'ula ari 
 macula'ti. 
 
 Arum, Three-Leaved, Arum triphyllum. 
 
 Arum TRlpnyL'LUM, Arisce'ma atrorubens. 
 Three-leaved arum, (F.) Pied de Veau triphylle, 
 Indian Turnip, Dragon Root, Dragon Turnip, 
 Pepper Turnip. This plant grows all over the 
 United States, and is received into the Pharma- 
 copoeia under the title Arum. The recent root, 
 or Cormus — Arum, (Ph. U. S.) — is very acrimo- 
 nious, and has been employed in asthma, croup, 
 and hooping-cough. Boiled in lard, it has been 
 used in tinea capitis, and in milk in consumption. 
 
 Arum Virginicum, Peltandra Virginica — a. 
 Vulgare, A. maculatum — a. Water, Calla palus- 
 tris. 
 
 ARUMARI, Caramata, 
 
 ARUNDO BAMBOS, Bamboo — a. Brachu 
 major. Ulna — a. Brachii minor, Radius — a. In- 
 dica, Sagiitarium alexipharmacum — a. Major, 
 Tibia — a. Minor, Fibula — a. Saccharifera, see 
 Saccharum. 
 
 ARVA, Ava. 
 
 ARVUM, Vulva— a. Naturae, Uterus. 
 
 ARY-ARYTENOID^US, Arytenoidaeus — a. 
 Epiglotticus, Arytaeno-epiglotticus. 
 
 ARYT^'NA, apvTaiva, ' a ladle.' Hence, 
 
 ARYT^']SrO-EPIGLOT'TICUS,Ar3/te'r,o. 
 npiglottida' us, Ary-epiglot'ticus. That which be- 
 longs to the arytenoid cartilages and epiglottis. 
 
 Winslow gives this name to small, fleshy fasci- 
 culi, which are attached, at one extremity, to the 
 arytenoid cartilages, and, by the other, to the free 
 edge of the epiglottis. These fibres do not al- 
 ways exist. They form part of the arytenoid 
 muscle of modern anatomists. 
 
 ARYT'ENOID, ArytcenoVdes, Aryteno'idw'us, 
 from apvTaiva, *a ladle,' and ii6os, ' shape.' Ladle- 
 shaped. 
 
 Arytenoid Car'tilages, Cartilag"ines aryte.- 
 noi'des seu guttura'les seu gutturi'na seu gutturi- 
 for'mes seu triq' uetrcB, Guttur'nia, are two carti- 
 lages of the larynx, situate posteriorly above the 
 cricoid, which, by approximation, diminish the 
 aperture of the glottis. Their upper extremities 
 or cornua are turned towards each other, and are 
 now and then found loose, in the form of appen- 
 dices, which are considered, by some, as distinct 
 cartilages, and termed cuneiform or tuberculated 
 Cartilages, Cornic'ida Laryn'gia, 
 
 Arytenoid Glands, Gland'ulcB Arytenoidce'm, 
 are small, glandular, whitish bodies, situate an- 
 terior to the A. cartilages. They pour out a mu- 
 cous fluid to lubricate the larynx. 
 
 ARYTENOID^'US, (F.) Arytenoidien. A 
 small muscle, which passes from one arytenoid 
 cartilage to the other, by its contraction brings 
 them together, and diminishes the aperture of 
 the glottis. AVinslow divided the muscle into 
 three portions ; — the Arytenoida' us transver'sus, 
 or Ary-arytenoida' us, and two Arytenoids' i ob- 
 li'qui. 
 
 ARYTHM, Aryth'mia, from a, privative, and 
 pvOfioq, 'rhythm,' 'measure.' Irregularity. This 
 word is applied chiefly to the pulse. 
 
 ASA, Asafoetida. See Assa — a. Dulcis, Ben- 
 jamin. 
 
 ASAFCETI'DA, Assafoe'tida (Ph. U. S.), Assa- 
 fet'ida, Stercus diab'oli, Cibus Deo' rum, Asa, 
 Devil's dung. Food of the ffods. A gum-resin — 
 the concrete juice of Ferida Assafoe'tida, Nar- 
 thex Assnfcetida. Order, Umbelliferee. It is in 
 small masses of a whitish, reddish, and violet 
 hue, adhering together. Taste bitter and suba- 
 erid: smell insupportably alliaceous. The Asi- 
 atics use it regularly as a condiment. 
 
 Its medical properties are antispasmodic, sti- 
 mulant, and anthelmintic. Dose, gr. v to xx, in 
 pill. 
 
 ASAGR^A OFFICINALIS, see Veratrina, 
 
 AS'APES, Asep'ton, properly, not putrid, from 
 a, privative, and aa-nuy, or crjTtu), ' I corrupt.' A 
 term applied by Hippocrates to the sputa, or to 
 other matters evacuated, which do not give signs 
 of coction. 
 
 ASAPH'ATUM, from a, privative, and aaipm, 
 'clear.' This term has been applied to collec- 
 tions in the sebaceous follicles of the skin, which 
 may be pressed out like little worms, with a black 
 head. See Acne. 
 
 ASAPHI'A, from a, privative, and tra^ijj, 
 'clear.' Dyspho'nia immodula'ta palati'na, Pa- 
 rapho'nia guttnra'lis seu palati'na. Defective 
 articulation, dependent upon diseased palate. — 
 Hippocrates, Vogel. 
 
 ASARABACCA, Asarum — a. Broad-leaved, 
 Asarum Canadense. 
 
 ASAR'COX, from a, priv., and trap^, 'flesh.' 
 Devoid of flesh. Aristotle uses the term for the 
 head when it is but little fleshy, compared with 
 the chest and abdomen. 
 
 ASARET, Asarum — a. du Canada, Asarum 
 Canadense. 
 
 ASARI'TES, from aaapov, 'the asarum.' A 
 diuretic wine, of which asarum was an ingredient. 
 — Dioscorides. 
 
 AS'ARUM, from a, privative, and aaipeiv, 'to 
 adorn :' because not admitted into the ancient 
 coronal wreaths [?], As' arum Europm'um sea 
 
ASBESTOS SCALL 
 
 99 
 
 ASCLEPIAS ALBA 
 
 officina'le, Nardus Monfa'na seu Riist'icn, Az - \ 
 nrum, (F.) Asaret ou Cuharet, Azarum Cabaret. 
 Oreille d'homme, Oreillefte, Girnrd-Rousdn, Nard 
 Sauvage. Order, Aristolochiacese, Sex. Si/st. 
 Dodecandria Monogynia. The plant, used in 
 medicine, is the Ax'arum Eiiropce'nm, Asarabac'- 
 ca, and of this the leaves. They are emetic, 
 cathartic, and errhine, but are hardly ever em- 
 ployed, except for the last purpose. 
 
 ASARDM Canaden'sb, A. Carolinia'num, Ca- 
 nada Siiakeroot, Wild Ginger, Colt's Foot, Broad- 
 leaf Asarabiicca, Indian Ginger, Heart Snalce- 
 rnot, (F.) Aiiaret du Canada. The root Ai'nrum, 
 (Ph. U. S.), is used as a substitute for ginger, and 
 is said to act as a warm stimulant and dia- 
 phoretic. 
 
 AsARUjf Carolinianum, A. Canadense — a. 
 Europseum, see Asarum — a. Hypoeistis, Cytinus 
 hypocistis — a. Officinale, see Asarum. 
 
 ASBESTOS SCALL, see Eczema of the hairy 
 scalp. 
 
 ASCAIN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ascain 
 is a village, situate about a league from St. Jean- 
 de-Luz, in France. The water is a eold chaly- 
 beate. 
 
 ASCARDAMYC'TES, from a, privative, and 
 oKaphanuTTw, ' I twinkle the eyes.' One who stares 
 with fixed eyes, without moving the eyelids. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 ASCARICIDA ANTHELMINTICA, Verno- 
 nia anthelmintica. 
 
 ASCARIDE LU3TBRIC0tBE, Asearis lum- 
 bricoides — a. Vermicnlaire, Asearis vermicularis. 
 AS'CARIS, pi. ASCAR'IDES, from aa-capt^w, 
 'I leap.' A genus of intestinal worms, charac- 
 terized by a long, cylindrical body, extenuated 
 at the extremities; and having a mouth furnished 
 •with three tubercules, from which a very short 
 tube is sometimes seen issuing. Formerly, there 
 were reckoned two varieties of the Asearis — the 
 Aa'caria lumbricoV de9 seu gigas liom'inis, Lum- 
 hri'ciis, L. teres hom'inis, Scolex, (F.) Lombri- 
 coide, Ascaride lomhrico'ide, Lombric, or long 
 round worm ; and the As'caris Vermieula'ris 
 — the Asearis proper — the thread icnrm or maw 
 worm. The former is alone included under 
 the genus, at present — a new genus having been 
 formed of the A. vermicularis, under the name 
 Oxyuris. It is the Oxyu'rie seu Fusn'ria ver- 
 micula'ris, (F.) Ascaride, A. vermiculaire, Oxyure 
 vermicnlaire. 
 
 A new species of entozoa has been found by 
 Dr. Bellingham, the As'caris ala'ta. 
 
 AscARis Alata, see Asearis — a. Gigas hominis, 
 see Asearis — a. Lumbricoides, see Asearis — a. 
 Renalis, Strongylus gigas — a. Trichuria, Tricho- 
 cephalus — a. Vermicularis, see Asearis — a. Visce- 
 ralis, Strongylus gigas. 
 
 AS'CELES, As'keles, Carens cru'ribns, from a, 
 privative, and cKcXoi, 'a leg.' One who has no 
 legs. 
 
 ASCELLA, Axilla. 
 
 ASCEN'DENS, from ascendere, [ad and eoan- 
 dere,) 'to ascend.' (F.) Ascendartf. Parts are 
 thus called, which are supposed to arise in a re- 
 gion lower than that where they terminate. Thus, 
 Aorta ascendem is the aorta from its origin to the 
 arch: Vena cava ascendens, the large vein which 
 carries the blood from the inferior parts to the 
 heart : Obliqnvs ascendens (muscle), the lesser 
 oblique muscle of the abdomen, &c. 
 
 ASCEN'SUS MORBI. The period of increase 
 of a disease. 
 
 ASCHERSONIAN VESICLES, see Vesicles, 
 Aschersonian. 
 
 ASCESIS, Exercise. 
 ASCHIL, Scilla. 
 
 ASCHISTODAC'TYLUS, Syndac'tylus, from 
 a, privative, c'x^iaTo-,, 'cleft;' and iaKTvXe;, 'a 
 
 finger.' A monster whose fingers are not sepa- 
 rated from one another. — Gurlt. 
 
 AS'CIA (an axe), Axine, Seepar'nos, Dol'abra, 
 
 Fas'cia spira'lis. Name of a bandage mentioned 
 
 by the ancients, and figured by Scultetus, in the 
 
 shape of an axe or hatchet. — Galen. See Doloire. 
 
 ASCILLA, Axilla. 
 
 ASCITE, Ascites — a. Periloneale, Ascites. 
 ASCI'TES, from aaKog, 'a leathern sack, a 
 large belly :' — Aski'tes, Hydroee'le Peritona'i, 
 Hydrops Abdom'inis seu Ancites, Hydrogas'ter, 
 Hydroperitone'um, Hydrocoe'lia, Hydre'trum, As- 
 cli'tes, Ccelioch'ysis, Dropsy of the loicer belly. 
 Dropsy of the Peritone'nm, (F.) Ascite, A. perito- 
 neale, Hydro-peritonie, Hydropisie du Bas-ventre 
 ou du peritoine. A collection of serous fluid in 
 the abdomen. Ascites proper is dropsy of the 
 peritoneum ; and is characterized by increased 
 size of the abdomen, by fluctuation and the gene- 
 ral signs of dropsy. It is rarely a primary dis- 
 ease; but is always dangerous, and but little sus- 
 ceptible of cure. Most generallj', it is owing to 
 obstructed circulation in some of the viscera, or 
 to excitement of the vessels of the abdominal 
 organs. The treatment is essentially the same 
 as that of other dropsies. Paracentesis, when 
 had recourse to, can only be regarded as a pal- 
 liative. 
 
 Dropsy of the peritoneum may also be saccated 
 or in cysts, and occasionally the fluid accumulates 
 exterior to the peritoneum, Hydrepigas'trinm, 
 When in cysts it is termed Hydrocys'tis, Hydrops 
 abdom'inis sacea'tus seu cys'ticus and Asci'tes 
 sacca'tus. 
 
 Ascites Hepato-Cvsticus, Turgescentia vesi- 
 culse felleee — a. Ovarii, Hydrops ovarii — a. Puru- 
 lentus, Pyocoelia — a. Saccatus, see Ascites, Hy- 
 droarion, and Hydrops ovarii. 
 
 ASCIT'IC, Ascit'icus, (F.) Aseitique. Relating 
 or appertaining to, or afi"ected with, ascites. 
 
 ASCLEPI'ADiE, Asclepi' ades, horn AaKXrjTrto;, 
 '^sculapius.' The priest physicians, who served 
 in the ancient temples of JEsculapius, and who 
 took their name from being his descendants. 
 ASCLEPIADE, Asclepias vineetoxicum. 
 ASCLEPIAS ALBA, A. vineetoxicum —a. 
 Apocynum, A. Syriaca — a. Asthmatica, Tylo- 
 phora asthmatica — a. Cornuti, A- Syriaca — a. 
 Crispa, Gomphocarpus crispus. 
 
 Asclepias Curassav'ica, Bastard Ipecacu- 
 anha, Redhead, Bloodweed, The leaves are 
 emetic in the dose of one or two scruples. It 
 is the Ipecacuanha blanc of St. Domingo. 
 
 Asclepias Decum'bens ; the root. Escharolic, 
 cathartic, sudorific, diuretic. 
 
 Asclepias, Flesh-coloured, A. Incarnata — 
 a. Gigantea, Mudar. 
 
 Ascle'pias Incarna'tA, a. pulchra, Flesh- 
 coloured or swamp asclepiias or silkweed. The 
 root of this plant, which grows in all parts of the 
 United States, and is ofiicinal in the Ph. U. S., 
 has the same virtues as A. Syriaca, and A. tube- 
 rosa. 
 Asclepias Obovata, A. Syriaca. 
 Asclepias Proc"era [?], Beidelcssar, Bei- 
 delsar. An Egyptian plant, the leaves of which 
 are made into a plaster, and applied to indolent 
 tumours. The milky juice is caustic, and is used 
 as such. 
 
 Asclepias Pseudosaesa, Hemidesmus Indi- 
 cus — a. Pubescens, A. Syriaca — a. Pulchra, A. 
 incarnata. 
 
 Asclepias Syriaca, A. pubes'cens seu apoc"y- 
 num seu obova'ta seu tomento'sa seu Cornu'ti, 
 Common Silkweed, Milk Weed, (F.) Herbe & la 
 houette. The cortical part of the root, ofiicinal 
 in the Ph. U. S., has been given, in powder, in 
 
ASCLEPIASMUS 
 
 100 
 
 ASPHYXIA 
 
 asthmatic and pulmonic affections in general, 
 and, it is said, with success. 
 
 AsctE'piAS Sullivan'tii, Smooth ililkweed, 
 Silkweed: indigenous, possesses the same virtues 
 as the next. 
 
 AscLEPiAS ToMENTOSA, A. Syriaca. 
 Ascle'pias Tubero'sa, Butterfly Weed, Pleu- 
 risy Root, Flux Hoot, Wind Root, Wind Weed, 
 White Root, Orange Swallow Root, Silk Weed, 
 Canada Root, Orange Apoc'ynum, Tuberous 
 Rooted Swal'low Wort. Said to have been first 
 recommended by the Aselepiades. In Virginia 
 and the Carolinas, the root of this plant — officinal 
 in the Ph. U. S. — has been long celebrated as a 
 remedy in pneumonic affections. It is sudo- 
 rific, and the powder acts as a mild purgative. 
 Its chief powers are said to be expectorant, dia- 
 phoretic, and febrifuge. It is occasionally given 
 to relieve pains of the stomach from flatulency 
 and indigestion. 
 
 AscLEPlAS ViNCETOx'iCUJf, A. Alba, Cynan'- 
 ehum Vincetox'icum, Vincetox'ieum, V. Officina'le, 
 Hirundina'ria, Apoc"ynum Novcb An'glim hirsu'- 
 tum, &c., Swnllow-Wort, White Sioallow-Wort, 
 (F.) Asclepiade, Dompte-venin. 
 
 The root is said to be stimulant, diuretic, and 
 emnienagogue, but is hnrdly ever used. 
 ASCLEPIASMUS, Hsemorrhois. 
 ASCLITES, Ascites. 
 
 ASCO'MA, from aoKoq, 'a bottle.' The emi- 
 nence of the pubes at the period of puberty in 
 females. — llufus of Ephesus. 
 ASE, Anxiety. 
 ASELLI, Onisci aselli. 
 ASELLUS, Oniscus. 
 
 ASE'MA CRISIS, /c()i(ris aanixa, from a, priva- 
 tive, and crijxa, ' a sign.' A crisis occurring unex- 
 pectedly and without the ordinary precursory 
 signs. 
 
 ASEPTON, Asapos. 
 
 ASH, BITTER, Quassia — a. Blue, Fraxinus 
 quadrangulata — a. Mountain, Sorbus acuparia 
 — a. Mountain, American, Sorbus Americana 
 — a. Prickly, Aralia spinosa., Xanthoxylum clava 
 Herculis — a. Prickly, shrubby, Xanthoxylum 
 fraxineum — a. Stinking, Ptelea trifoliata — a. 
 Tree, Fraxinus excelsior — a. White, Fraxinus 
 Americana. 
 
 ASIALORRHCE'A, (F.) Asialorrh.ee, from a, 
 priv., (tigXov, ' saliva,' and ^£0), 'tofl.ow.' Diminu- 
 tion in the flow of saliva. 
 
 ASIMINA TRILOBA, see Carica papaya. 
 ASIT"IA, from a, privative, and criTog, 'food.' 
 Abstinence from food. Want of appetite, — Fas- 
 tid'ium cibo'rum, Apoclei'sis. 
 ASIUS LAPIS, Assius Lapis. 
 ASJAGAN, As'Jogam. An Indian tree, the 
 iuice of whose leaves, mixed with powdered 
 cumin seeds, is employed in India in colic. 
 ASJOGAM, Asjagan. 
 ASKELES, Asceles. 
 ASKER, Eschar. 
 ASKITES, Ascites. 
 
 ASO'DES, Asso'des, from arrn, 'disgust,' 'sati- 
 ety.' A fever accompanied with anxiety and 
 nausea ; Fe'bris aso'des vel azo'des. 
 
 ASPALASO'MUS, from aaTra\a^, 'a mole,' and 
 o-wfia, 'a body.' A genus of monsters in which 
 there is imperfect development of the eyes. — 
 I. Gr. St. Hilaire. Also, a malformation, in which 
 the fissure and eventration extend chiefly upon 
 the lower part of the abdomen ; the urinary ap- 
 paratus, genitals and rectum opening externally 
 by three distinct orifices. — Vogel. 
 ASPALTUM, Asphaltum. 
 ASPARAGINE, see Asparagus. 
 ASPAR'AGUS, A(T-apayug, Aspar'aiyns offici- 
 na'lis, Common Asparagus, Spar'agus, Sper'agus, 
 Sparrow Grass, Grass, Sperage. Ord, Aspho- 
 
 delese. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. As- 
 par'agi ojflcina'lis Turio'iits, (F.) Asperge. The 
 fresh roots are diuretic, perhaps owing to the im- 
 mediate crystallizable principle, Asparagine, 
 which is said to be sedative in the dose of a few 
 grains. The young shoots are a well known and 
 esteemed vegetable diet. They communicate a 
 peculiar odour to the urine. A sj'rup made of 
 the young shoots and an extract of the roots has 
 been recommended as a sedative in heart affec- 
 tions. 
 
 ASPA'SIA. A ball of wood soaked in an in- 
 fusion of galls, and used by females for constring- 
 ing the vagina. 
 
 ASPEN, AMERICAN", Populus tremuloides— 
 a. European, Populus tremula. 
 ASPERA ARTBRIA, Trachea. 
 ASPERGE, Asparagus. 
 
 ASPERITAS ARTERI^ ASPERiE, Rau- 
 cedo. , ^ ^ 
 
 ASPERITE DES PAUPIERES, Trachoma. 
 ASPERITUDO, Trachoma. 
 ASPER'ITY, Aspier'itas, roughness. Asperi- 
 ties are inequalities on the surfaces of bones, 
 which often serve for the insertion of fibrous 
 organs. 
 
 ASPERMATIA, Aspermatismus. 
 ASPERMATIS'MUS, Asper'inia, Asperma'tia, 
 from a, privative, and anepua, 'sperm.' Reflux 
 of sperm from the urethra into the bladder, dur- 
 ing the venereal orgasm. 
 
 ASPERMIA, Aspermatismus. 
 ASPERSIO, Catapasma, Fomentation. 
 ASPER'SION, Asper'sio, from aspergere (ad 
 and spargere), 'to sprinkle,' (P.) Arrosement. 
 Act of sprinkling or pouring a liquid guttatim 
 over a wound, ulcer, &c. 
 
 ASPERULA, Galium aparine. 
 Asper'olA Odora'ta, (diminutive of asper, 
 'rough,' the seeds being rough), Ga'lium odora'- 
 tum, Matrisyl'va, Hepat'ica Stella' ta, (P.) AspS- 
 rule odorante ou Muguet des bois, Hep)atique 
 etoilee. Ord. Rubiaceae. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria 
 Monogynia. Sweet-scented Woodroof. Said to 
 be diuretic, deobstrueut, tonic, and vulnerary. 
 ASPER ULE ODORANTE, As^erulnodoTnta.. 
 ASPHALTI'TES, Nephri'tes, Nephri'tis, Pri- 
 ma Vertebra lumba'ria, same etymon as asphal- 
 tum. A name given by some to the last lumbar 
 vertebra. — Gorrseus. 
 
 ASPHAL'TUM, Nep'ta, Arsal'tos, Asphal'tum, 
 from a(ripa\i^£iv, ' to strengthen,' being used as 
 a cement. [?] With the Greeks, this word signi- 
 fied any kind of bitumen. It is now restricted 
 chiefly to the Bitu'men of Jud^'a, B. Juda'- 
 icum, A. sol'idum, Jews' Pitch, Karabe of Sodom, 
 (F.) Asphalte, Bitume de Judee, Poix minerale 
 scoriacee, Baume de momie ou des funeraiUes. It 
 is solid, friable, vitreous, black, shining, inflam- 
 mable, and of a fetid smell. An oil is obtained 
 from it by distillation. It enters into the compo- 
 sition of certain ointments and plasters. 
 
 It is collected on the surface of the water of 
 the Dead Sea or Lake Asphaltites, in Judaja. 
 ASPHARINE, Galium aparine. 
 ASPHOD'ELUS, Aa^pohUg, A. Ramo'sus seu 
 Albus seu Maris, Has'tula Regis, (F.) Lis aspho- 
 delc. The bulbs of this southern European 
 plant have an acrimony which they lose in boil- 
 ing water. They contain a feeula with which 
 bread has been made, and have been considered 
 diuretic. They have been used as a succedaneum 
 for the squill. 
 
 ASPHYCTOS, Pulseless. 
 
 ASPHYX'IA, from a, priv., and o-^vl'if, 'pulse,' 
 Defec'tus Pulsus, Acrotis'mus, Sidera'tio, Sydera'- 
 tio, (F.) Anhematosie. For a long time. Asphy- 
 xia was confined to the sense of ' suspension of 
 circulation or syncope;' Pulselessness. It now 
 
ASPHYXIAL 
 
 101 
 
 ASSIDENTIA SIGNA 
 
 generally means suspended animation, produced 
 by the noneonversion of the venous blood of the 
 lungs into arterial, — Aionce'a, Apneus'tia, Apnoe- 
 asjjhyx' ia, Anhceniato'sia, Ec'lysis pneumo-eardi' - 
 aca, Anoxemie, Hypoxemie, — Piorry. Owing to 
 the supply of air being cut off, the unchanged 
 venous blood of the pulmonary artery passes into 
 the minute radicles of the pulmonary veins, but 
 their peculiar excitability requiring arterial blood 
 to excite them, stagnation takes places in the pul- 
 monary radicles, and death occurs chiefly from 
 this cause, — not owing to venous blood being 
 distributed through the system, and 'poisoning' 
 it, as was the idea of Bichat. Cants asphyx'ia, 
 Mors appa'rens, Mors jjutati'va, Pseudothan'alos, 
 Apparent death, (F.) Mort apparente, is charac- 
 terized by suspension of respiration, of the cere- 
 bral functions, &c. Several varieties of Asphyxia 
 have been designated. 
 
 1. Asphyx'ia of the iSTEW-BoEX, A. neonato'- 
 rnm. This is often dependent upon the feeble 
 condition of the infant, not permitting respiration 
 to be established. 
 
 2. Asphyx'ia by Noxious lyHALA'TiON, or in- 
 halation of gases, some of which cause death by 
 producing a spasmodic closure of the glottis; 
 others by the want of oxygen; and others are 
 positively deleterious or poisonous. 
 
 3. Asphyx'ia by Strangula'tion, or Suffoca'- 
 tion ; produced by mechanical impediment to 
 respiration, as in hanging. 
 
 4. Asphyx'ia by Subjier'sion, A. by drown- 
 ing, A. Immerso' rum, Atu/iairhydrie (Piorry), as 
 occurs in the drowned, who perish in consequence 
 of the medium in which they are plunged, being 
 unfit for respiration. See Submersion. 
 
 Mr. Chevalier has used the term Asphyx'ia 
 Idiopath'ica, for fatal syncope owing to relaxa- 
 tion of the heart. See Suffocation. 
 
 Asphyx'ia JjurERSORUir, A. by submersion — 
 a. Local: — see Grangrene — a. Neonatorum, A. of 
 the new-born — a. Pestilenta: — see Cholera — a. 
 Pestilential : — see Cholera. 
 
 ASPHYX'IAL, Asphyx'ic Relating to as- 
 phyxia — as ' asphyxial phenomena.' 
 
 ASPHYXIE BES PARTIES, Gangrene— 
 a. Lente des nouveau-nes, Induration of the cel- 
 lular tissue. 
 
 A S P H Y X'l E D, Asphyx'iated, Asphyxia' tus, 
 same etymon. In a state of asphyxia. 
 ASPIC, Aspis, Lavandula spica. 
 ASPIDISCOS, Sphincter ani externus. 
 ASPID'IUM ATHAMAN'TICUM, from 
 acnriSiov, 'a small shield,' diminutive of aa-t;, 'a, 
 shield.' A South African fern, Ord. Filices, 
 which is possessed of anthelmintic properties. 
 Its caudex, in the form of powder, infusion, or 
 electuary, has been found excellent in helmin- 
 thiasis, and especially in tapeworm. 
 
 AsPiDiUJr CoRiACEtTM, Calagualas radix — a. 
 Depastum, Polypodium filix mas — a. Discolor, see 
 Calagualse radix — a. Erosum, Polypodium fllix 
 mas — a. Filix foemina, Asplenium filix foemina — 
 a. Ferrugineum, see Calagualee radix — a. Filix 
 mas, Polvpodium fil'x mas. 
 ASPIRATIO, Inspiration. 
 
 ASPIRA'TION, Adspira'tio, Aspira'tio, from 
 aspirare {ad and sjnrare), ' to breathe.' The 
 French sometimes use the term synonymously 
 ■with inspiration. It also means theactof attract- 
 ing or sucking like a pump. Imbibition. Also, 
 the pronunciation of a vowel with a full breath. 
 
 ASPIS, ac-TTig. A name given by the ancients 
 to a venomous serpent — the Egyptian viper of 
 Lacepede, (F.) Aspic. Its bite is very dangerous, 
 and it is supposed to have been the reptile which 
 Cleopatra used for her destruction. 
 
 ASPLE'NIUM, Asple'num, from a, priv., and 
 VT!\riv, 'the spleen.' Spileenwort, Milticaste. 
 
 AsPLENiuir AuREUsr, A. ceterach. 
 Asple'nium Cet'erach, A. au'reum seu lati- 
 fo'lium, Gymnogram'me ceieraoh, Doradil'la, 
 Blechnum equanio'sum, Seolopen'dria, Athyr'ion, 
 Cet'erach officina'rum seu Canarien'sis, Grammi'- 
 tis cet'erach seu an'rea, Gymnopi'teris ceterach, Vit- 
 ta'ria ceterach, (F.) Doradille. Ord. Filices. 
 Supposed to be subastringent and mucilaginous, 
 and has been recommended as a pectoral. It has 
 also been given in calculous cases. 
 
 Asple'niuji Filix Fce'mtna, Polypo'dium filix 
 foemina seu molle seu denta'tum seu inei'sum seu 
 trif'idum, Aspidium filix foemina, Athyr'ium filix 
 fcemina seu molle seu ova'tiun seu trif'idum, Pte- 
 ris palus'tris, Female fern, Spleemoort, (F.) Foii- 
 gere femelle. The root of this plant resembles 
 that of the male fern, and is said to possess simi- 
 lar anthelmintic virtues. The name female fern 
 is also given to Pteris aqnilina. 
 
 Asplenium Latifolium, A. ceterach — a. Mu» 
 rale, A. ruta — a. Obtusum, A. ruta muraria. 
 
 Asple'.mum Ruta Mura'ria, A. mura'le seu 
 obtu'sum, Paronych'ia, Phylli'tis ruta mnra'ria, 
 Scolopen' drium ruta mura'ria, Wallrue, White 
 Maidenhair, Tentwort, Adian'tum album, Ruta 
 mura'ria, Sal'via Vita, (F.) Rue des murailles, 
 Sauve-vie. Used in the same cases as the last. 
 
 Asple'nium Scolopen'drium, Seolopendrium 
 ofiicina' rum seu lingua seu phylli'tis seu vulga'- 
 re, Scolopen'dra, Seolopen'dria, Hart's Tongue, 
 Spleemoort, Phylli'tis, Lingua cervi'na, Blechnum 
 lignifo'lium, (F.) Scolopendre, Langue de cerf. 
 Properties like the last. 
 
 Asple'nium Trichomanoi'des, A. Trichom'- 
 anes, Phylli'tis rotundifo'lia, Calyphyl' lutn, Tri- 
 chom'anes, T. crena'ta, Adian'tum rubrum. Com- 
 mon Maidenhair, Polyt'richum commu'ne, (F.) 
 Polytric. Properties like the last. 
 ASPLENUM, Asplenium. 
 ASPREDO, Trachoma — a. Miliacea, Miliary 
 fever. 
 
 ASPHALE, Hippuris vulgaris. 
 ASPRITUDO, Trachoma. 
 ASS ABA. A Guinea shrub, whose leaves are 
 considered capable of dispersing buboes. 
 ASSACOU, Hura Brasiliensis. 
 ASSA DOUX, Benjamin — a. Dulcis, Benjamii 
 — a. Odorata, Benjamin. 
 ASSAFETIDA, Asafoetida. 
 ASSAFCETIDA, Asafoetida. 
 ASSAIERET. A compound of bitter, stoma- 
 chic, and purgative medicines in the form of pill. 
 — Avicenna. 
 
 ASSAINISSEMENT (F.), from ad, 'to,' 
 and sanare, 'to make healthj-.' The act of ren- 
 dering healthy, as by the draining of marshes, 
 the disinfection of the air, &c. 
 
 ASSAISONNEMENT, Condiment. 
 ASSAKUR, Saccharum. 
 ASSALA, see Mvristica moschata. 
 ASSARTHROSiS, Articulation. 
 ASSA'TIO, Opte'sis. The boiling of food or 
 medicines in their own juice, without the addi- 
 tion of any liquid. Various kinds of cooking by 
 heat. — Galen. 
 ASSELLA, Axilla. 
 
 AS'SERAC, Assis. A preparation of opium, 
 or of some narcotic, used by the Turks as an 
 excitant. 
 
 ASSERCULUM, Splint. 
 ASSERVATION, Conservation. 
 ASSES' MILK, see Milk, asses'. 
 Asses' Milk, Artificial, see Milk, asses'. 
 AS'SIDENS, from ad, 'to,' and sedere, 'to be 
 seated.' That which accompanies or is concomi- 
 tant. An epithet applied to the accessory symp- 
 toms, Assiden'tia signa, and general phenomena 
 of disease. 
 ASSIDENTIA SIGNA, see Assidens. 
 
ASSIMILABLE 
 
 102 
 
 ASTHMA 
 
 ASSIM'ILABLE, AssimilaVilin. Same ety- 
 mon as Assimilation. That which is susceptible 
 of assimilation. 
 
 ASSIM'ILATING, Assim'ihtori/, Asshnilato'- 
 rius,(E.) Assimilateur. Same etymon as the next. 
 That which effects assimilation, as an assimilating 
 or assimilatory organ. 
 
 ASSIMILA'TION, Assimila'tio, Simila'tio,Ap- 
 propria'tio, Exomoio'sis, Homoio'sis, Threpsis, 
 Threp'tiee; from assimilare, {ad and similare,) 
 'to render similar.' The act by which living 
 bodies appropriate and transform into their own 
 substance matters with which they may be placed 
 in contact. The reverse action — that of separa- 
 ting and eliminating matters already assimilated, 
 in the act of nutrition — is termed, by the French, 
 Desassimilation. 
 
 ASSIS, Asserac. 
 
 AS'SIUS LAPIS, A'siiis Lapis. A sort of 
 stone or earth, found near the town of Assa in 
 the Troad, which had the property of destroying 
 proud flesh. 
 
 ASSOCIATED MOVEMENTS,see Instinctive. 
 
 ASSODES, Asodes. 
 
 ASSOUPISSANT, Somniferous. 
 
 ASSOUPISSEiMENT, Somnolency. 
 
 ASSOURON, see Myrtus Pimenta. 
 
 ASSUETUDO, Habit. 
 
 ASSULA, Splint. 
 
 ASSULTUS, Attack. 
 
 ASSUMPTIO, Prehension. 
 
 ASTACI FLUVIATILIS CONCKEMENTA, 
 Cancrorum chelge. 
 
 AST AC US FLUVIATILIS, Crab. 
 
 ASTAKILLOS, Araneum ulcus. 
 
 ASTARZOF. An ointment, composed of li- 
 tharge, frog's spawn, <fcc. Also, camphor, dis- 
 solved in rose water. — Paracelsus. 
 
 ASTASIA, Dysphoria. 
 
 ASTER ATTICUS, Bubonium. 
 
 Aster CoRDiroLnJS, Heart-leaved Aster, A. 
 Punic'eus, Moitgh-stenuned Aster, and other 
 indigenous species, Order Compositse, possess 
 aromatic properties. 
 
 Aster Dysentericus, Inula dysenterica — a. 
 Heart-leaved, A. cordifolius — a. Helenium, Inula 
 Helenium — a. Inguinalis, Eryngium campestre — 
 — a. Officinalis, Inula Helenium — a. Rough- 
 stemmed, A. Puniceus^a. Tortifolius, Sericocar- 
 pus tortifolius — a. Undulatus, Inula dysenterica. 
 
 ASTE'RIA GEMMA, Asfe'nus, Astroi'tes, As'- 
 trios, Astroh'olus. The ancients attributed ima- 
 ginary virtues to this stone, — that of dispersing 
 NcEvi Materni, for example. 
 
 ASTERIAS LUTEA, Gentiana lutea. 
 
 ASTER'NIA, from a, privative, and oTcpov, 
 'the sternum.' A monstrosity, in which there is 
 absence of the sternum. 
 
 ASTBROCEPHALUS SUCCISA, Scabiosa 
 succisa. 
 
 ASTHENES, Infirm. 
 
 ASTHENI'A, Vis imminu'ta, from a, priv., 
 and CT^svoj, 'force,' 'strength.' Want of strength, 
 debility. (F.) Affaiblissement. Infirmity. A 
 word used in this sense by Galen, and employed, 
 especially by Brown, to designate debility of the 
 whole economj', or diminution of the vital forces. 
 He distinguished it into direct and indirect: the 
 former proceeding from diminution of stimuli; 
 the latter from exhaustion of incitability by the 
 abuse of stimuli. 
 
 Asthenia Deglutitionis, Pharyngoplegia — a. 
 Pectoralis, Angina Pectoris. 
 
 ASTHEN'IC, Asthen'icus, (F.) Astheniqne. 
 Same etymon as the last. Relating or belonging 
 to asthenia. 
 
 ASTHENICOPYRA, Fever, adynamic. 
 
 ASTHENICOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic. 
 
 ASTHENIQUE, Asthenic. 
 
 ASTHENO'PIA, BebU'itas seu Eeletu'do vi- 
 sits, (F.) Affaiblissement de la Vue, from a, priv., 
 aBei'os, 'strength,' and atp, 'the eye.' Weakness 
 of sight ; Weak-sightedness. 
 
 ASTHENOPYRA, Fever, adynamic. Typhus. 
 
 ASTHENOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic. 
 
 ASTHMA, from acQjia, 'laborious breathing;' 
 from au), ' I respire.' A. spas'ticum advlto'rum 
 seu bronchia'le seu senio'rvm seu eonvulsi'vum seu 
 spas'ticum intermit' tens, Spas'mus bronchia' lis, 
 JJyspnce'a et orthopnm'a convnlsi'va, Mcdum Ca- 
 du'cum pulmo'num, Broken-icindedness, Nervous 
 asthma, (F.) Asthme, A. nerveiix. Difficulty of 
 breathing, recurring at intervals, accompanied 
 with a wheezing sound and sense of constriction 
 in the chest; cough and expectoration. 
 
 Asthma is a chronic disease, and not curable with 
 facility. Excitant and narcotic antispasmodics 
 are required. 
 
 There are no pathognomonic physical signs of 
 asthma. In some cases, the respiration is uni- 
 versally puerile during the attack. In the spas- 
 modic form, the respiratory murmur is very feeble 
 or absent during the fit; and in all forms percus- 
 sion elicits a clear pulmonary sound. The disease 
 generally consists in some source of irritation, and 
 occasionally, perhaps, in paralysis of the pneu- 
 mogastric nerves, Uronchoparal'ysis, Paral'ysis 
 nervi vagi in parte thorac"ica, more frequently 
 of the former — all the phenomena indicating 
 constriction of the smaller bronchial ramifica- 
 tions. The treatment is one that relieves spasmo- 
 dic action — narcotics, counter-irritants, change 
 of air, &G. 
 
 Asthma Acc'ttjm, of Millar, A. spas'ticum in- 
 fan'ium, Cynan'ehe Trachea'lis spasmod'ica, (F.) 
 Asthme aitju. Probably, spasmodic croup [?] 
 See Asthma Thymicum. 
 
 Asthma Aerium, Pneumothorax — a. Aerium 
 ab Emphysemate Pulmonum, Emphysema of the 
 Lungs — a. Arthriticum, Angina Pectoris — a. 
 Bronchiale, Asthma. 
 
 Asthma, Car'diac, (F.) Dysprtee ou Asthme 
 Cardiaque, Dyspnoea dependent upon disease of 
 the heart. 
 
 Asthma Convulsivtjm, Angina pectoris — a. 
 Diaphragmaticum, Angina Pectoris — a. Dolo- 
 rificum, Angina pectoris — a. Emphysematicum, 
 Pneumothorax. 
 
 Asthma, Grinders', Grinders' Rot. The ag- 
 gregate of functional phenomena, induced by the 
 inhalation of particles thrown off during the ope- 
 ration of grinding metallic instruments, &c. The 
 structural changes induced are enlargement of 
 the bronchial tubes, expansion of the pulmonary 
 tissue, and phthisis. 
 
 Asthma Gypseum, A. pulverulentum — a. Hay, 
 Fever, hay. 
 
 Asthma Hh'midum, Humid, Common, or Spit- 
 ting asthma, is when the disease is accompanied 
 with expectoration. It is also called A. humo- 
 ra'le, A. flatulen' turn, A. pneumon' icum, Blenno- 
 tho'rax chron'icus, &c. 
 
 Asthma Infantum, Cynanche trachealis — a. 
 Infantum Spasmodicum, A. Thymicum — a. Kop- 
 pian, A. Thymicum — a. Laryngeum Infantum, 
 A. Thymicum — a. Montanum, A. pulverulentum 
 — a. Nervous, Asthma — a. Nocturnum, Incubus. 
 
 Asthaia Pulverulen'tum, A. gyp'seum, A. 
 monta'num. The variety of asthma to which 
 millers, bakers, grinders, and others are subject. 
 
 Asthma Siccum, so called when the paroxysm 
 is sudden, violent, and of short duration; cough 
 slight, and expectoration scanty; spasmodic con- 
 striction. 
 
 Asthma Spastico-Arthriticum Inconstans, 
 Angina pectoris — a. Spasticum Infantum, A. 
 Thymicum. 
 
ASTHMATIC 
 
 103 
 
 ATAVISM 
 
 Asthma TnT'sricuif, A. T. Kop'pii, Asthma 
 spas'ticum infan'tum seu infan'tnm spasmo' dicxim 
 seu larynge'uminfan'tum seu intermit' tens infan'- 
 tum seu dentien'tium seu period' iciim. acu'tum, 
 Thymasth'ma, Cynan'che trachea'lis spasmnd'ica, 
 Spasmus glot'tidis, Koppian Asthma, Thymic 
 Asthma, Laryngis'mus strid'ulus, Lnryngo-spas- 
 mus, Apnce'a infan'tum, Spasm of the larynx or 
 glottis, Croup-like inspiration of infants. Child- 
 crowing, Spasmodic croup. Pseudo-croup, Spu'ri- 
 ous or Cer'ehral croup, Phreno-glot'tism, Suffo- 
 cating nervous catarrh, (F.) Laryngite stridideuse, 
 Fanx Croup, Pseudo-croup nerveux, Spasme de la 
 Glotte et dn Thorax. A disease of infants, cha- 
 racterized by suspension of respiration at inter- 
 vals ; great difficulty of breathing, especially on 
 waking, swallowing, or crying; ending often in 
 a fit of suffocation, with convulsions. The patho- 
 logy of the disease has been supposed to consist 
 in an, enlargement of the thymus gland, or of 
 the glands of the neck pressing on the pneumo- 
 gastric nerves [?]. The ear, by auscultation, at 
 a distance from the chest, detects an incomplete, 
 acute, hissing inspiration, or rather cry; whilst 
 the expiration and voice are croupal, both at the 
 accession and termination of the paroxysm. The 
 heart's action has been observed to be distinct 
 and feeble. 
 
 These symptoms are often accompanied by 
 rigidity of the fingers and toes ; the thumb being 
 frequently drawn forcibly into the palm of the 
 clenched hand, whence the name Carp>o-pedal 
 spasm, applied, at times, to the disease. 
 
 Asthma Typicum. Asthma characterized by 
 periodicity. 
 
 Asthma Uteri, Hysteria — a. "Weed, Lobelia 
 inflata. 
 
 ASTHMAT'IC, Asfhmat'icus, Pnoocohjt'icns, 
 (F.) Asthmatique. Affected with asthma. E,ela- 
 ting to asthma. 
 
 ASTH3IE AIGU, Asthma acutum— a. Cardi- 
 aque. Asthma, cardiac — a. Nerveux, Asthma. 
 
 ASTIG'MATISM, Astigmatism' us, from a, pri- 
 vative, and CTtyfta, aTtyjiaToi, 'a point.' A state 
 of irregular refraction in the eye, in which the 
 rays are not brought to one focus, but converge 
 at different distances, so as to form two linear 
 images at right angles to each other. 
 
 AS'TOMUS, from a, privative, and cro/xa, 'a 
 mouth.' (F.) Astome. One without a mouth. 
 Pliny speaks of a people in India without mouths, 
 who live anhelatn et adore! 
 
 ASTRAGALE COL D', Collum astragali. 
 
 ASTRAGALOIDES SYPHILITICA, Astra- 
 galus exscapus. 
 
 ASTRAG'ALUS, Talus, the AiMe, Qua'trio, 
 Quar'tio, Quater'nio, Viah'ebos, Peza, Cavic'ula, 
 Cavil'la, Tetro'ros, As'trion, Os BalUst'm seu 
 Tes'serce, from acrrpayaXos, 'a die,' which it has 
 been considered to resemble [?]. A short bone, 
 situate at the superior and middle part of the 
 tarsus, where it is articulated with the tibia. It 
 is the ankle bone, sling hone, or first bone of the 
 foot. The anterior surface is convex, and has a 
 well-marked prominence, supported by a kind of 
 neck, and hence has been called the head of the 
 astragalus. The astragalus is developed by two 
 points of ossification. 
 
 Also, the atlas or first vertebra of the neck. 
 
 Astrag'alus Ex'scapus, Astragalo'i'des sy- 
 pMlit'ica, Stemless llilk-vetch, (F.) Asfragale d 
 gousses veins. Ord. Leguminosse. Sex. Syst. Dia- 
 delphia Decandria. The root is said to have 
 cured confirmed syphilis. 
 
 Astrag'alus Tragacanthus, see Tragacanth. 
 
 Astrag'alus Verus, Spina hirci, Astrag' alus 
 acidea'tus. Goat's thorn, dlilk-vetch. The plant 
 which affords Gum Trag'aeanth. See Traga- 
 canth a. 
 
 ASTRANTIA, Imperatoria — a. Diapensia, Sa- 
 nieula. 
 
 AS'TRAPE, Corusca'tio, Fuhjar, Fuhnen, 
 Lightning. Galen reckons it amongst the re- 
 mote causes of epilepsy. 
 
 ASTRIC'TION, Astric'tio, Stypsis, Adstric'tio, 
 Constric'tio, from astringere, [ad and stringere,) 
 ' to constringe.' Action of an astringent sub- 
 stance on the animal economy. 
 
 ASTRICTORIA, Astringents. 
 
 ASTRINGENT ROOT, Comptonia aspleni- 
 folia. 
 
 ASTRIN'GENTS, Astringen'tia, Adstricto' ria, 
 Adstringen'tia, Stryphna, Catastal'tica, Constrin- 
 gen'tia, Contrahen'tia, Stegno'tica, Syncrit'ica, 
 Astricto'ria. Same etymon. JMedicines which 
 have the property of constringing the organic 
 textures. External astringents are called Styp- 
 tics. 
 
 The following are the chief astringents: Aci- 
 dum Sulphuricum, A. Tannicum, Alumen, Ar- 
 gent! Nitras, Catechu, Creasoton, Cupri Sulphas, 
 Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, Liquor Ferri Nitratis, 
 Ferri Sulphas, Gallaj, Hamatoxylon, Kino, Kra- 
 meria, Liquor Calcis, Plumbi Acetas, Quercus 
 Alba, Quercus Tinctoria, Zinci Sulphas. 
 
 ASTRION, Astragalus. 
 
 ASTRIOS, Asteria gemma. 
 
 AS'TROBLES, from aarpov, 'a star,' and/JaXAu, 
 'I strike.' One struck by the stars, (sidera'tus.) 
 One who is in a state of sideration — in an apo- 
 plectic state. — Gorrseus. 
 
 ASTROBLESIA, Astrobolismus. 
 
 ASTROBOLIA, Astrobolismus. 
 
 ASTROBOLIS'MUS, Astrobol'ia, Astroble'sia, 
 Heli'asis, Helio'sis. Same etymology. Sidera'- 
 tion, or action of the stars on a person. Apo- 
 plexy.— Theophrastus, Gorrasus. 
 
 ASTROBOLOS, Asteria gemma. 
 
 ASTROITIS, Asteria gemma. 
 
 ASTROLOGER, see Astronomy. 
 
 ASTROL'OGY, Astrolog"ia, from aarpov, 'a 
 star,' and \oyog, 'a, discourse.' The art of divi- 
 ning by inspecting the stars. This was formerly 
 considered to be a part of medicine; and was 
 called .Judicial Astrology, to distinguish it from 
 astronomy. 
 
 ASTRON'OMT, Astronom'ia, from aarpov, 'a 
 star, and vopos, 'a. law,' 'rule.' A science which 
 makes known the heavenly phenomena, and the 
 laws that govern them. Hippocrates places this 
 and astrology amongst the necessary studies of 
 a physician. In the earlier English writers, 
 Astrono7ner is often used in the sense of Astro- 
 loger. 
 
 ASYSTOLIE, from a, privative, and cvaroXri, 
 'systole. A name given by M. Beau to a period, 
 in diseases of the heart, in which the systole is 
 incomplete ; or, at least, is insufficient to free the 
 ventricles from the blood in them. 
 
 ASTRUTHIUM, Imperatoria. 
 
 ASTYPHIA, Impotence. 
 
 ASTYSIA, Impotence. 
 
 ASUAR, Myrobalanus Indica. 
 
 ASULCI, Lapis lazuli. 
 
 ASYNODIA, Impotence. 
 
 ATACTOS, Erratic. 
 
 ATARACTAPOIE'SIA, Ataractopoe'sia-, from 
 a, privative, rapaKTog, 'troubled,' and ttouiv, 'to 
 make.' Intrepidity, firmness; a quality of which, 
 according to Hippocrates, the physician ought to 
 be possessed in the highest degree. 
 
 ATARAX'IA, from a, privative, and rapa|iy, 
 'trouble,' 'emotion.' Moral tranquillity, peace 
 of mind. 
 
 AT'AVISM, Atavism'us, from atavus, 'an old 
 grandsire or ancestor indefinitely.' The case in 
 which an anomaly or disease, existing in a family, 
 
ATAXIA 
 
 104 
 
 ATLAS 
 
 is lost in one generation and reappears in the 
 following. 
 
 ATAX'IA, from a, privative, and ra^ts, 'order.' 
 Disorder, irregularity. Hippocrates employs the 
 word in its most extensive acceptation. Galen 
 applies it, especially, to irregularity of pulse ; 
 and Sydenham speaks of Ataxia Spirituum for 
 disorder of the nervous system. Ataxia, now, 
 usually means the state of disorder that charac- 
 terizes nervous fevers, and the nervous condition. 
 
 Ataxia Spiritdum, Nervous diathesis. See 
 Ataxia. 
 
 ATAX'IC, 4'«a;'?c!(s/ same etymon. Having 
 the characters of ataxia. 
 
 ATCHAR, A'chia, Achar. A condiment used 
 in India. It is formed of green fruits of various 
 kinds — garlic, ginger, mustard, and pimento — 
 pickled in vinegar. 
 
 ATECNIA, Sterilitas. 
 
 ATELECTASIS, Atelek'tasis, from arc'Xvi, 
 'imperfect/ 'defective,' and tKraaiq, 'dilatation.' 
 Imperfect expansion or dilatation ; as in 
 
 Atelec'tasis Pulmo'num, Pneumonatelec'ta- 
 sis, Pneumatelec'tasis. Imperfect expansion of 
 the lungs at birth, giving rise to Cyano'sis pul- 
 mona'lis. A similar condition is observed in 
 lungs which have received air, and in a distinctly 
 lobular form. This is regarded by Dr. W. T. 
 Gairdner as, in all probability, a secondary le- 
 sion, and dependent, in the majority of instances, 
 on a catarrhal condition of the bronchial tubes. 
 It is called, by him, ptilmonari/ collapiie, or col- 
 lap>se of the lung, and has received the name 
 apneumnto'sis from Fuchs. 
 
 AT'ELES, areXrii, 'imperfect/ 'defective.' 
 Hence 
 
 ATEL'IA, (F.) Atelie. A monstrosity in which 
 there is a want of some members. 
 
 ATELOCHEI'LIA, from aTc\„;, 'imperfect,' 
 and ;^£iAos, 'lip.' A malformation which consists 
 in an imperfect development of the lip. 
 
 ATELOENCEPHAL'IA, from aTt),r,i, 'imper- 
 fect,' and cyKecpaXov, 'the encephalon.' State of 
 imperfect development of the brain. — Andral. 
 
 ATELOGLOS'SIA, from artAr,?, 'imperfect/ 
 and yXojffo-a, 'tongue.' A malformation which 
 consists in an imperfect development of the 
 tongue. 
 
 ATELOGNA'THIA, from aTtXm, 'imperfect/ 
 and yvaQoi, 'the jaw.' A malformation which 
 consists in an imperfect development of the jaw. 
 
 ATELOMYEL'IA, from aTe\n?, 'imperfect,' 
 and /lutAof, 'marrow.' State of imperfect deve- 
 lopment of the spinal marrow. — Beelard. 
 
 ATELOPROSO'PIA, from arcA;??, 'imperfect,' 
 and -irpoaoirrov, 'the face.' A malformation which 
 consists in imperfect development of the face. 
 
 ATELORACHIDIA, Hydrorachis. 
 
 ATELOSTOM'IA, from aTe)<ns, 'imperfect,' 
 and BTona, 'mouth.' One whose mouth is im- 
 perfectly developed. 
 
 ATER SUCCUS, Atrabilis. 
 
 ATHAMAN'TA, from Athamas, a place in 
 Thessaly. A genus of plants. 
 
 Athamanta Annua, A. Cretensis. 
 
 ATHAAfAN'TA Aureoseli'num, OreoseWnum, 
 0. legit'imum seu nigrum, Seli'nwn oreoseli' num., 
 Peaced'aiuim oreoseli'vum, Apiiitn monta'num, 
 Black Ifountain Parsley, (F.) Persil de Mon- 
 tague ; Occf. Umbelliferse. The plant, seed, and 
 roots, are aromatic. It has been considered 
 attennant, aperient, deobstruent, and lithontriptic. 
 The distilled oil has been used in toothache. 
 
 Athaman'ta Creten'sis seu Cre'tica, A. an'- 
 nna, Libniio'tis annua seu Creten'sin seu hirsu'ta, 
 Daucus Creticus seu Candia'nufi, 3fyrrhis an'nua, 
 Candy Carrot. The seeds of this plant are acrid 
 
 and aromatic. They have been used as carmina- 
 tives and diuretics. 
 
 Athamanta Macedonica, Bubon Macedoni- 
 cum — a. Meum, j3]lthusa meum. 
 
 ATHANASIA, Tanacetum. 
 
 Athana'sia, from a, privative, and ^avuTOi, 
 'death.' An antidote for diseases of the liver, 
 jaundice, gravel, &c. It consisted of saffron, 
 cinnamon, lavender, cassia, myrrh, juncus odo- 
 ratus, honey, <fcc., and was esteemed to be sudo- 
 rific. 
 
 ATHARA, Athera. 
 
 ATHELAS'MUS, from a, privative, and QriXv, 
 'a breast or nipple.' Impracticability of giving 
 suck; from want of nipple or otherwise. 
 
 ATHELXIS, Sucking. 
 
 ATHE'NA. Name of a plaster, recommended 
 by Asclepiades, and composed of oxide of copper, 
 sublimed oxide of zinc, sal ammoniac, verdigris, 
 gall nuts, and a variety of resinous and other in- 
 gredients. — Oribasius, Aetius, and P. j3ilgineta. 
 
 ATHENIO'NIS CATAPO'TIUM. A pill, 
 composed of myrrh, pepper, castor, and opium; 
 used to allay coughing. — Celsus. 
 
 ATHE'RA, Atka'ra, from adrjp, 'an ear of 
 corn.' A kind of pap for children; also, a kind 
 of liniment. — Dioscorides, Pliny. 
 
 ATHERAPEUTUS, Incurable. 
 
 ATHERO'MA, from a&rjpa, 'pap or pulp,' Em- 
 ]>hy'na encys'tis at'hero'ma, 3follus'eum, Pulta'tio. 
 A tumour formed by a cyst containing mattei 
 like pap or Bouillie, or plaster. 
 
 ATHEROM'ATOUS, Atheromato'des. Having 
 the nature of Atheroma. 
 
 ATHLE'TA, from a^Xo;, 'combat.' Athlete, 
 (F.) Athlete. Athletae were men who exercised 
 themselves in combat at the public festivals. — 
 Vitruvius. 
 
 ATHLET'IC, Athlet'icus, (F.) AtUetique ; con- 
 cerning AthletcB. Strong in muscular powers. — 
 Foesius. 
 
 ATHOL PORRIDGE, see Mahogany. 
 
 ATHORACOCEPHALUS, Acephalogaster. 
 
 ATHRIX, At'richus, Calms, (F.) Chauve ; 
 from a, privative, and 6p(f, rpix"?, 'hair.' Bald, 
 (Sc.) Beld, Bellit. One who has lost his hair. 
 
 Athrtx Depilis, Alopecfa. 
 
 ATHYM'IA, An'imi defcc'tus et anxi'etas sen 
 demis'sio, Tristit"ia, McBror, Lype, from a, priv., 
 and 5ii;/os, 'heart,' 'courage.' Despondency. The 
 prostration of spirits often observable in the sick. 
 — Hippocrates. Melancholy. — Swediaur. See 
 Panophobia. 
 
 Athymia Pleonectica, see Pleonectica. 
 
 ATHYRION, Asplenium eeterach. 
 
 ATHYRIUM FILIX FGEMINA, Asplenium 
 filix foemina — a. Filix mas, Polypodium filix mas 
 — a. Molle, Asplenium filix fcemina — a. Ovatum, 
 Asplenium filix fcemina — a. Trifidum, Asplenium 
 filix fcemina. 
 
 ATLANTAD, see AtlantaL 
 
 ATLAN'TAL ; same etymon as Atlas. Rela- 
 ting or appertaining to the atlas. 
 
 Atlantal Aspect. An aspect towards the 
 region where the atlas is situated. — Barclay. 
 Atlantad is used by the same writer to signify 
 'towards the atlantal aspect.' 
 
 Atlantal Extremities. The upper limbs. 
 
 ATLANTION, Atlas. 
 
 ATLAS, Atlan'tion, Astrag'alus, from arXau), 
 ' I sustain.' The first cervical ver'tebra ; so 
 called from its supporting the whole weight of 
 the head, as Atlas is said to have supported the 
 globe on his shoulders. Chaussier calls it At- 
 lo'ide. This vertebra in no respect resembles the 
 others. It is a kind of irregular ring, into which, 
 anteriorly, the processus dentatus of the second 
 vertebra is received. Posteriorly, it gives pas- 
 sage to the medulla spinalis. 
 
ATLODIDYMUS 
 
 10; 
 
 ATRIPLEX FGETIDA 
 
 ATLODID'TMUS, Adod't/mus, (F.) Atlodyme; 
 from Atlas, 'the first bone of the neck,' and 
 Si&vfioq, 'a twin.' A monster which is simple 
 below and double above. M. Isid. Geoffroy 
 Saint-Hilaire applies this term to a monster, 
 which has a single body, with two distinct heads 
 supported on one neck. 
 
 ATLO'iDE, Atlas. 
 
 A. T L 1 D ' - AXOID, (F.) Atlo-nlo-axoidien. 
 Relating to both the Atlas and the Axis or Ver- 
 tebra Dentata. 
 
 Atloido-axoid ARTictTLATioN. The articula- 
 tion between the first two cervical vertebrae. 
 
 Atloido-axoid Lig'aments. These are two 
 in number; one anterior and another posterior, 
 passing between the two vertebriie. 
 
 ATLOID'O-OCCIP'ITAL. Relating to the 
 atlas and occiput. The Atloido-occip' itrd Arti- 
 cula'tion is formed by the condyles of the occi- 
 pital bone and the superior articular surfaces of 
 the Atlas. The Atloido-occipital muscle is the 
 Rectus capitis posticus minor. 
 
 A TL O'lDO-SO US-MASTO'tDIEN, Obliquus 
 superior oculi — a. Sous-occipitale, Rectus capitis 
 lateralis. 
 
 ATMIATRI'A, Atmidiat' rice, from ar/^os, 'va- 
 pour,' and tarpeia, 'treatment.' Treatment of 
 diseases by fumigation. 
 
 ATMIDIATRICE, Atmiatria. 
 
 ATMISTERION, Vaporarium. 
 
 ATMOS, Breath. 
 
 AT'MOSPHERE, Atmosphee'ra, from ur„og, 
 'vapour,' and (jcpaipa, 'a sphere;' — as it were. 
 Sphere of vajwurs.- The atmosphere is a sphe- 
 rical mass of air, surrounding the earth in every 
 part; the height of which is estimated at 15 or 
 16 leagues. It presses on the surface of the 
 earth, and this pressure has, necessarily, sensible 
 effects on organized bodies. The surface of the 
 human body being reckoned at l.") square feet, it 
 is computed that a pressure of 33,000 pounds or 
 more exists under ordinary circumstances; and 
 this pressure cannot be increased or diminished 
 materially, without modifying the circulation and 
 all the functions. 
 
 ATMOSPHERIZATION, Hajmatosis. 
 
 ATOCIA, Sterilitas. 
 
 ATOL'MIA, from a, priv., and ro>ija, 'confi- 
 dence.' Want of confidence; discouragement. 
 A state of mind unfavorable to health, and in- 
 jurious in disease. It is the antithesis of Eu- 
 tol'mia. 
 
 ATOMY, Skeleton. 
 
 ATONIA, Atony— a. Ventriculi, Gasterasthe- 
 nia. 
 
 AT'ONIC, Aton'icus, (F.) Atonique. Wanting 
 tone. Same etymon as the next. Also, a medi- 
 cine capable of allaying organic excitement or 
 irritation. — Schwilgue. 
 
 AT'ONY, Aton'ia, Infir'mitas et Remin'sio vi'- 
 rium, Languor, Lax'ita-i, from a, priv., and rovug, 
 'tone,' 'force.' Want of tone. Weakness of 
 every organ, and particularly of those that are 
 contractile. Violent gastritis has been described 
 by Scribonius Largus under a similar name, 
 A.TOVOV, At'onon. 
 
 ATRABIL'IARY, Atrahil'ious, Atmhilia'ris, 
 Atrahilio'sns, (F.) Atrabilnire, Atrahileux, from 
 ater, 'black,' and hilis, 'bile.' An epithet given 
 by the ancients to the melancholic and hypo- 
 chondriac, because they believed the Atrabilis 
 to predominate in such. 
 
 Atrabiliary Capsoles, Arteries and Vetn-s. 
 The renal capsules, arteries and veins : the for- 
 mation of Atrabilis having been attributed to 
 them. 
 
 ATRABI'LIS, same etymon, .^«er succvp, 
 Black Bile or melancholi/, (F.) Atrahile. Ac- 
 
 cording to the ancients, a thick, black, acrid 
 humour, secreted, in the opinion of some, by the 
 pancreas; in that of others, by the supra-renal 
 capsules. Hippocrates, Galen, Aetius, and others, 
 ascribe great influence to the Atrabilis in the 
 production of hypochondriasis, melancholy, and 
 mania. There is really no such humour. It 
 was an imaginary creation. — AretEeus, Rufus of 
 Ephesus, &c. 
 
 ATRACHE'LOCEPH'ALUS, from a, priv., 
 Tpa^rjXog, 'neck,' and Ke(pa\ri, 'head.' A monster 
 whose neck is partially or wholly deficient. 
 
 ATRACHE'LUS. Same etymon. One who is 
 very short-necked. — Galen. 
 
 ATRAC'TYLIS GUMMIF'ERA, Cnr'dnus 
 pi'neiis, Ixi'ne, Gwnmy-rooted Atractylis, Pine 
 Thistle. Ord. Compositse. The root, when 
 wounded, yields a milky, viscid juice, which 
 concretes into tenacious masses, and is said to 
 be chewed with the same views as mastich. 
 
 ATRAGENE, Clematis vitalba. 
 
 ATRAMEN'TUM, A. Suto'rium, Tnh, Chalcan'- 
 thum, (F.) Encre. It has been advised as an as- 
 tringent, and as an external application in her- 
 petic affections. 
 
 Atramentum Sutoridii, Ferri sulphas. 
 
 ATRE'SIA, (F.) Atrisic, Adherence, Imperfo- 
 ration. Same etymon as Atretus. See Monster. 
 
 Atre'sia Ani Adna'ta, Anas Imperfora'tus, 
 Imperfora'tio ani, Atretocys'ia, (F.) Imperfora- 
 tion de I'anus. Congenital imperforation of the 
 intestinal cnnal. 
 
 ATRETELYTRIA, Colpatresia. 
 
 ATRETISMUS, Imperforation. 
 
 ATRETOCEPH'ALUS, from arpnTog, 'imper- 
 forate,' and K£<paXr], 'head.' A monster, in which 
 some of the natural apertures of the head are 
 wanting. — Gurlt. 
 
 ATRETOCOR'MUS, from arp^rog, 'imperfo- 
 rate, and Koppog, 'trunk.' A monster in which 
 the natural apertures of the trunk are wanting. — 
 Gurlt. 
 
 ATRETOCYSIA, Atresia ani. 
 
 ATRETOMETRIA, Hysteratresia. 
 
 ATRETOPSIA, Coreclisis. 
 
 ATRETOSTOM'IA, from arprirog, 'imperfo- 
 rate,' and oTOjia, 'mouth.' Imperforation of the 
 mouth. 
 
 ATRETURE'THRIA, from arpriTog, 'imperfo- 
 rate,' and ovpnOfia, 'urethra.' Imperforation of 
 the urethra. 
 
 ATRE'TUS, from a, priv., and Tpaio, '1 per- 
 forate.' Imperfora'tus, Imper'forate. One whoso 
 anus, or parts of generation, are imperforate 
 {a2yroc'tus). 
 
 ATRIA, Auricles of the heart — a. Mortis, seo 
 Death. 
 
 AT'RICES. Small tumours, which appear oc- 
 casionally around the anus. Some commentators 
 consider the word to be synonymous with con- 
 dylomata.— Forestus. 
 
 ATRICHIA, Alopecia — a. Adnata, see Alope- 
 cia — a. Senilis, see Alopecia. 
 
 ATRICHUS, Athris. 
 
 AT'RICI. Small sinuses in the vicinity of the 
 anus, not penetrating the rectum. 
 
 ATRIO-VENTRICULAR, Auriculo-ventricu- 
 lar. 
 
 ATRIPLEX FCETID A, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 
 Atriplex Horten'sis, A. Sati'vn, (F.) Ar- 
 roche, Bonne Dame, FoUette. Ord. Chenopodiii- 
 ceaB. The herb and seed of this plant have been 
 exhibited as antiscorbutics. 
 
 At'riplex al'iniHS, A. Portulaco'i'des, and A. 
 Pat'ula, are used as pickles, and have similar 
 properties. 
 
 Atriplex Laciniata, A. patula — a. Mexicana, 
 Chenopodium ambrosoides — a. Odorata, Cheno- 
 podium botrys — a. Olida, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 
ATRIUxM CORDIS DEXTER 
 
 106 
 
 ATTRITION 
 
 Atriplex Pat'uia, A. lacima'ta seu Piir- 
 shia'na, Spreading Orache; indigenous; Family, 
 ChenopodiaceEB. The expressed juice is said to 
 be cathartic. It has been used, in place of gam- 
 boge, in dropsy and asthma. 
 
 Athiplex Pukshiana, A. patula. 
 
 ATRIUM CORDIS DEXTER, Sinus dexter 
 cordis — a. Cordis sinistrum, Sinus pulmonalis — 
 a. Vaginae, Vestibulum. 
 
 AT'ROPA, from Arporcog, 'immutable,' 'the 
 goddess of destiny ;' so called from its fatal 
 effects. 
 
 Atropa Bblladon'na, Belladon'na, B. hac- 
 cif'era seu trichot'oma, Deadly Nightshade, Oom- 
 IDion Dioale, (Sc.) Mekilwort, Sola'iuim letha'le 
 seu horten'se nigrum, Sola'num mani'aciim seu 
 /urio'snm seu melanocer' asua, (F.) Bvlladone, 
 Morelle farieuse, Belle Dame. Ord. Solanaceae. 
 Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. The leaves — 
 Belladonna (Ph. U. S.) — are powerfully narcotic, 
 and also diaphoretic, and diuretic. They are 
 occasionally used where narcotics are indicated. 
 Sprinkling the powdered leaves over cancerous 
 sores has been found to allay the pain ; and the 
 leaves form a good poultice. Dose, gr. ^ to gr. j 
 of the powdered leaves. 
 
 Atropa Mandrag'ora, Mandrog'ora, M. ver- 
 na'lis seu ojflcina'lis seu aeati'lis, Circce'a, Anthro- 
 pomorph'iis, Malum terres'tre, Ilandrake. The 
 boiled root has been used in the form of poultice 
 to indolent swellings. 
 
 ATROPHIA, Atrophy, Tabes — a. Ablactato- 
 runi. Brash, weaning — a. Cerebri, Phrenatrophia 
 — a. Cordis, Heart, atrophy of the — a. Glandula- 
 ris, Tabes mesenterica — a. Hepatis, Hepatatro- 
 phia — a. Infantum, Paedatrophia, Tabes mesen- 
 terica — a. Intestinorum, Enteratrophia. 
 
 Atrophia Lactan'tium, Tahea nutri'cum seu 
 lac'tea. The atrophy of nursing women. 
 
 Atrophia Lienis, Splenatrophia — a. Mesen- 
 terica, Tabes mesenterica — a. Testiculi, Orchida- 
 trophia — a. Unguium, Onychatrophia. 
 
 A TR OP HIE, Atrophy — a. 3Iesenterique, Tabes 
 mesenterica. 
 
 ATE OP HIE 3WSCULAIRE PROGRES- 
 SIVE, Paralysie muaculaire atrophique, Atrophie 
 musculaire primitive ou idiopathique ou avec 
 transformation graisseuse. A rare malady, in 
 which the muscles become so greatly atrophied 
 that they cannot perform their functions. 
 
 ATROPHIED, see Atrophy. 
 
 AT'ROPHY, Maras'mus Atro'phia, Atro'phia 
 Maras'mus, llaran'sis, 3Ia'cies, Cotitabescen'tia, 
 Tabes, Marco'res, Analo'sia, from a, privative, 
 and rpofri, 'nourishment.' (P.) Atrophie, Des- 
 sechement. Defective nutrition, Hijpot'rop)hy. Pro- 
 gressive and morbid diminution in the bulk of 
 the whole body or of a part. Atrophy is gene- 
 rally symptomatic. Any tissue or organ thui 
 affected is said to be at' rophied. 
 
 Atrophy op the Heart, see Heart, atrophy 
 of the. 
 
 ATROPIA, Atropine — a. Sulphate of, Atropine 
 sulphas. 
 
 ATROP'I^ SULPHAS, Sulphate of Atrop'ia 
 (Ph. L.). Formed by dissolving atropia in dilute 
 sidphuric acid; evaporating, and crystallizing. 
 Virtues, the same as those of Atropia. 
 
 AT'ROPINE, Atropi'na, Atrop'ia, Atrop'ium, 
 Atropi'num, Belladon'nin, (F.) Atropine. The 
 active principle of Atropia Belladonna, separated 
 by Brandes, by a process similar to that for pro- 
 curing morphia. A single drop of a solution, of 
 one grain in f^iv of distilled water with a 
 few drops of acetic acid, applied to the inner 
 surface of the lower eyelid, causes dilatation of 
 the pupil, in fifteen or twenty minutes. A grain 
 to a drachm of lard is an application in neu- 
 ralgia. 
 
 ATTACHE, Insertion. 
 
 ATTACK, Insid'tus, Assul'tus, Irrep'tio, Inva'- 
 sio, Eis'bole, Lepsis, (Prov.) Take, (F.) Attaque. 
 A sudden attack, invasion or onset of a disease. 
 A seizure. One attacked or affected with severe 
 disease is often said, in the United States, to be 
 "taken dotcn," or to be " doton" with it. 
 
 ATTAGAS, Attagen. 
 
 AT'TAGEN, At'tagas, the Fran'eolin. Cele- 
 brated with the ancients both as food and medi- 
 cine. — ^Martial, Aristophanes. 
 
 ATTANCOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 A mineral water in France, at Attancourt, in 
 Champagne ; about three leagues north of Join- 
 ville. The water is a chalybeate, and contains 
 sulphate of lime. In large doses it is purgative. 
 
 ATTAQUE, Attack — a. des Nerfs, Nervous 
 attack. 
 
 ATTAR OF ROSES, see Rosa centifolia. 
 
 ATTELLE, Splint. 
 
 ATTENOTING, MINERAL WATERS OF, 
 in Bavaria. The water contains carbonic acid, 
 carbonates of lime and soda, sulphates of lime 
 and magnesia, chloride of sodium, iron and alum. 
 It is much used in skin diseases, fistula, old ul- 
 cers, calculi, and hajmorrhoids. 
 
 ATTEN'UANTS, Attenuan'tia, Le2:>tun'tica, 
 (F.) Attenuants, Lepitontiques, from tenuis, ' thin.' 
 Medicines which augment the fluidity of the 
 humours. 
 
 ATTENUA'TION, Attenva'tio; same etymon. 
 Thinness, emaciation. A term used by the ho- 
 mceopathists, in the sense of dilution or division 
 of remedies into infinitesimal doses. 
 
 AT TI RANT, Attrahent. 
 
 AT'TITUDE, Situs Cor'poris. Low Latin, 
 optitudo ; from Latin aptare, 'to fit.' Situation, 
 position of the body. The attitudes are the dif- 
 ferent postures which man is capable of assum- 
 ing. In General Pathology, the attitude will 
 often enable the physician to pronounce at once 
 upon the character of a disease, or it will aid him 
 materially in his judgment. In St. Vitus's dance, 
 in fractures, luxations, &c., it is the great index. 
 It will also indicate the degree of nervous or 
 cerebral power; hence sinking down in bed is 
 an evidence of great cerebral debility in fever. 
 The position of a patient during an operation is 
 also an interesting subject of attention to the 
 surgeon. 
 
 ATTOL'LENS AUREM, A. Auric'ula, Leva'- 
 tor Amis, Supe'rior Auris, Attol'lena Auric' ulam, 
 Auricula'ria supe'rior, (F.) Auricidaire auperieur, 
 Temporo-auriculaire. A muscle of the ear, which 
 arises, thin, broad, and tendinous, from the 
 I tendon of the occipito-frontalis, and is inserted 
 into the upper part of the ear, opposite to the 
 anti-helix. It raises the ear. 
 
 Attollens Oculi, Rectus superior oculi — a. 
 Oculum, Rectus superior oculi. 
 
 ATTOUCHEMEJVT, Masturbation. 
 
 ATTRACTION OF AGGREGATION, Cohe- 
 sion, force of. 
 
 ATTRACTIVUM, see Magnet. 
 
 ATTRACTIVUS, Attrahent. 
 
 ATTRACTORIUS, Attrahent. 
 
 ATTRAHENS AURICULAM, Anterior auris. 
 
 AT'TRAHENT, At'trahens, Attracti'vHS, At- 
 tracto'rius, from ad, 'to,' and traho, 'I draw.' 
 (F.) Attractif, Attirant. Remedies are so called, 
 which attract fluids to the parts to which they 
 are applied, as blisters, rubefacients, &c. 
 
 ATTRAPE-LOURDAUT (F.). A bistoury 
 invented by a French surgeon, called Biennaise, 
 and used in the operation for hernia. See Bis- 
 touri cache. 
 
 ATTRITA, Chafing. 
 
 ATTRITIO, Attrition, Chafing. 
 
 ATTRIT"ION, AttrV'tio, Ecthlim'ma, from 
 
ATTRITUS 
 
 107 
 
 AURANTIUM 
 
 ad, and terere, ' to Lruise.' Friction or bruising. 
 Chafing. — Galen. Also, a kind of eardialgia. — 
 Sennertus. Likewise, a violent contusion. 
 
 ATTRITUS, Chafing. 
 
 ATYP'IC, Atyp'icus, At'ypos, (F.) Atypique, 
 from a, privative, and tuttos, 'type.' That which 
 has no type. Irregular. Chiefly applied to an 
 irregular intermittent, — Fehris atyp'ica, 
 
 ATYPOS, Erratic. 
 
 AUANSIS, Drying. 
 
 AtJAN'TE, Anap'se, from avavai^, 'desicca- 
 tion.' Hippocrates gave this name to a disease, 
 the principal symptom of which was emaciation. 
 Atrophy. 
 
 AUBE-VIGNE, Clematis vitalba. 
 
 AUBEPINE, Mespilus oxyaeantha. 
 
 AUBERGINE, Solanum Melongena. 
 
 AUBIFOIN, Centaurea cyanus, Cyanus sege- 
 tum. 
 
 AUCHEN, Collum. 
 
 AUCHENORRHEUMA, Torticollis. 
 
 AUCHE'TICUS, from avxw, 'the neck.' One 
 affected with stiff neck or torticollis. 
 
 AUCTUMNUS, Autumn. 
 
 AUDE, Voice. 
 
 AUDINAC, MINERAL WATERS OF. Au- 
 dinao is situate in the department of Arriege, 
 France. The water contains a small quantity 
 of sulphohydric acid, carbonic acid, sulphates of 
 lime and magnesia, carbonates of lime and iron, 
 and a bituminous substance. Temp. 67° Fahr. 
 It is much used in chronic rheumatism, herpes, 
 scrofulous diseases, &c. 
 
 AUDiriF, Auditory. 
 
 AUDIT"IOISr, from audire, auditum, 'tohear ;' 
 Aud{t"io, Audi'tuf, A'coe, Acoe'sis, Acu'sis, (F.) 
 Otne, Hearing. The act of hearing. The sen- 
 sation arising from an impression made on the 
 auditory nerves by the vibrations of the air, pro- 
 duced by a sonorous body. The physiology of 
 Audition is obscure. It probably takes place : — 
 
 1. By the vibrations being communicated from 
 the membrana tympani along the chain of small 
 bones to the membrane of the foramen ovale. 
 
 2. By means of the air in the cavity of the tym- 
 panum, the membrane of the foramen rotundum 
 is agitated. 3. The transmission may be made 
 by means of the bony parietes. In these three 
 ways the vibrations produced by a sonorous body 
 may reach the auditory nerve. Audition may be 
 active or ]iassrve : hence the difference between 
 listening and simply hearing. 
 
 AU'DITORY, Audita' rius, Atiditi'vus, Aexis'- 
 ticus, (F.) Auditif. That which relates to audi- 
 tion. 
 
 Auditory Arteries and Veins, are vessels 
 which enter the auditory canals, and are, like 
 them, distinguished into internal and external. 
 The external auditory artery, A. Tympanique — 
 (Ch.) is given off by the styloid, a branch of the 
 external carotid: the internal is a branch of the 
 basilary artery, which accompanies the auditory 
 nerve, and is distributed to it. The Auditory 
 Veins empty into the internal and external ju- 
 gulars. 
 
 Auditory Canal, External, llea'tus audito'- 
 rius exter'mis, Alvea'rium, Scapha, Seaphus, (F.) 
 Conduit auditif externe, Conduit a-urieulaire, 
 commences at the bottom of the concha, at the 
 Fora'men attditi'vum exter'num, passes inwards, 
 forwards, and a little downwards, and terminates 
 at the membrana tympani. It is partly cartila- 
 ginous, partly osseous, and partly fibrous. 
 
 Auditory Canal, Internal, Mea'tua audito'- 
 rius inter'nus, Porus seu Sinus acus'ticus, Cyar, 
 (F.) Conduit auditif interne, G. lahyrinthique, is 
 situate on the posterior surface of the pars pe- 
 trosa of the temporal bone. From the Fora'?nen 
 auditi'vum inter'num, where it commences, it 
 
 passes forwards and outwards, and terminates 
 by a kind of cul-de-sac, rnac'ula cribro'sa, perfo- 
 rated by many holes, one of which is the orifice 
 of the Aquseductus Fallopii; and the others com- 
 municate with the labyrinth. 
 
 Auditory Nerve, Nervals audito'rius seu acus'- 
 ticus, Nerf lahyrinthique — (Ch.), is the Fortio 
 Mollis of the seventh pair. It arises from the 
 corpus restiforme, from the floor of the fourth 
 ventricle, and by means of whit€ striae from the 
 sides of the calamus scriptorius. As it leaves the 
 encephalon, it forms a flattened cord, and pro- 
 ceeds with the facial nerve through the foramen 
 auditivum internum, and as far as the bottom of 
 the meatus, where it separates from the facial, 
 and divides into two branches, one going to the 
 cochlea, the cochlear j- the other to the vestibule 
 and semi-circular canals, the vestibular. 
 
 AUGE, Al'veus. Some of the older anatomists 
 gave this name to a reservoir, into which liquids 
 flow in an interrupted manner, so that it is alter- 
 nately full and empty. Such are the ventricles 
 and auricles of the heart. 
 
 AUGGERE, Intermittent Fever. 
 
 AUGMENTA'TION, from augere, auctum, 'to 
 increase;' Augmen'ium, Incremen'tum, Anab'asis, 
 Auc'tio, Auxis, Progres'sio, Progres'sms, Auxe'- 
 sis, (F.) Augment. The stage of a disease in 
 which the symptoms go on increasing. 
 
 AULISCUS, Canula. See Fistula. 
 
 AULOS, Canula, Fistula. See Vagina, and 
 Foramen. 
 
 AUMALE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Au- 
 male is a town of Upper Normandy, in the coun- 
 try of Caux. Several springs of ferruginous 
 mineral waters are found there, whose odour is 
 penetrating, and taste rough and astringent. 
 They are tonic, and employed in debilitj' of the 
 viscera, &c. 
 
 AUMURE, Parietaria. 
 
 AUNE^ NOIRE, Rhamnus frangula. 
 
 AUNEE, Inula helenium — a. Bysenteriqne, 
 Inula dysenterica — a. Officinale, Inula helenium. 
 
 AURA, Pnoe. A vapour or emanation from 
 any body, surrounding it like an atmosphere. 
 Van Helmont regarded the vital principle as a 
 gas and volatile spirit, which he called Aura 
 vitalis. 
 
 In Pathology, Aura means the sensation of a 
 light vapour, which, in some diseases, appears 
 to set out from the trunk or limbs ; and to rise 
 towards the head. This feeling has been found 
 to precede attacks of epilepsy and hysteria, and 
 hence it has been called Aura Epilep'tica, and 
 A. hyster'ica. 
 
 Aura Epileptica, see Aura — a. Hysterica, see 
 Aura. 
 
 Aura San'guinis. The odour exhaled by blood 
 newly drawn. See Gaz Sanguinis. 
 
 Aura Sem'inis, A. semina'lis, Spir'itus geni- 
 ta'lis : — A volatile principle fancied to exist in 
 the sperm, and regarded by some as the fecun- 
 dating agent. Such is not the case. 
 
 Aura Vitalis, Vital principle. 
 
 AURAL MEDICINE AND SURGERY, 
 Otiatria. 
 
 AURANCUM, see Ovum. 
 
 A URANITE, see Agaric. 
 
 AURAN'TIA CURASSAVEN'TIA, A. Curas- 
 sav'ica, Curasso'a apples or oranges. Immature 
 oranges, checked, by accident, in their growth. 
 They are a grateful, aromatic bitter, devoid of 
 acidity. Infused in wine or brandy they make a 
 good stomachic. They are also used for issue 
 peas. See Citrus aurantium. 
 
 AURANTII CORTEX, see Citrus aurantium 
 — a. Floris Aqua, see Citrus aurantium. 
 
 AURANTIUM, Citrus aurantium. 
 
AURELIANA CANADENSIS 108 
 
 AUTEMESIA 
 
 AURELIANA CANADENSIS, Panax quin- 
 quefolium. 
 
 AUREOLA, Areola. 
 
 AURI CHLORETUM CUM CHLORETO 
 NATRII, see Gold— a. Chloridum, Gold, muriate 
 of — a. Chloretum, Gold, muriate of — a. Cyanidum, 
 see Gold — a. Cyanuretum, see Gold — a. lodidum, 
 see Gold — a. loduretum, see Gold — a. et Natri 
 chloruretum, see Gold — a. Murias, Gold, muriate 
 of — a. Nitro-murias, see Gold — a. Oxidum, see 
 Gold — a. Terchloridum, see Gold — a. Tercyani- 
 dum, see Gold — a. Teroxidum, see Gold. 
 
 AURICHALCUM, Brass. 
 
 AURICLE, Auric'ula, (F.) Aurieule, Oricule. 
 Diminutive of aun's, an ear. The pavilion of 
 the ear. See Pavilion. 
 
 Auricles op the Heart, Auric'ula, A'tria, 
 Cavita'tes innomina'tcB, (F.) Ofeillettes, are two 
 cavities, one right, the other left, each communi- 
 cating with the ventricle of its side. These two 
 cavities receive the blood from every part of the 
 body. Into the right auricle, the two vente cavee 
 and coronary vein open: into the left, the four 
 pulmonary veins. Chaussier calls the former the 
 Sinus of the VencB Oaves: — the latter, the Sinus 
 of the Pulmonary Veins. The foliated or dog's 
 ear portion of each auricle is called Appen'dix 
 auric' ulcB. See Sinus. 
 
 Auricula Jud^, Peziza auricula — a. Muris, 
 Hieracium Pilosella — a. Muris major, Hieraeium 
 murorum. 
 
 AURICULAIRE, Auricular, see Digitus — a. 
 Posterieur, Pwetrahens auris — a. Superieur, Attol- 
 lens aurem. 
 
 AURICULAR, Auricula' ris, Oric'ular, (F.) 
 Auriculaire, from auricula, 'the ear.' That 
 which belongs to the ear, especially to the ex- 
 ternal ear. 
 
 AuRic'uLAR Ar'teries and Veins, Orieu- 
 laires — (Ch.), are divided into anterior and pos- 
 terior. The anterior are of indeterminate num- 
 ber. They arise from the temporal artery, and 
 are distributed to the meatus auditorius externus, 
 and to the pavilion of the ear. The iMsterior 
 auricular is given off by the external carotid, 
 from which it separates in the substance of the 
 parotid gland. When it reaches the inferior part 
 of the pavilion of the ear it bifurcates; one of its 
 branches being distributed to the inner surface 
 of the pavilion, the other passing over the mas- 
 toid process, and being distributed to the tempo- 
 ral and posterior auris muscles, &e. Before its 
 bifurcation it gives off the stylo-masfoid artery. 
 The Anterior and Posterior Auricular Veins open 
 into the temporal and external jugular. 
 
 Auricular Finger, (F.) Doigt aurictdaire, is 
 the little finger, so called because, owing to its 
 size, it can be more readily introduced into the 
 meatus auditorius. 
 
 Auricular Nerves are several. 1. The au- 
 ricular branch, Zygomato-auricular, is one of 
 the ascending branches of the cervical plexus. 
 It ramifies and spreads over the two surfaces of 
 the pavilion. 2. The auricular or superficial 
 tempioral, Temporal-cutaneous — (Ch.), is given off 
 from the inferior maxillary. It ascends between 
 the condyle of the jaw and the meatus auditorius 
 externus, sends numerous filaments to the meatus 
 and pavilion, and divides into two twigs, which 
 accompany the branches of the temporal artery, 
 and are distributed to the integuments of the 
 head. There is also a posterior auricular fur- 
 nished bv the facial. ■ 
 
 AURICULARIA SAMBUCI, Peziza auricula. 
 
 AURICULARIS anterior, Anterior auris 
 •^a. Superior, AttoUens aurem. 
 
 AURICULE, Auricle, Pavilion of the ear. 
 
 AURIC'ULO-VENTRIC'ULAR, A'trio-ven- 
 iric'ular, A'trio-ventricula'ria, Auric' ulo-ventri- 
 
 cula'ris, (F.)Auricido-ventriculaire. That which 
 belongs to the auricles and ventricles of the heart. 
 The communications between the auricles and 
 ventricles are so called. The Tricuspid and 3Ii- 
 tral Valves are auriculo-ventricular valves. 
 
 AURI'GA. a species of bandage for the ribs, 
 described by Galen. See, also. Liver. 
 
 AURIGO, Icterus — a. Neophytorum, Icterus 
 Infantum. 
 
 AURIPIGMENTUM, Orpiment— a. Rubrum, 
 Realgar. 
 
 AURIS, Ear. 
 
 AURISCALPIUM, Earpick. 
 
 AURISCOP'IUM, ^u')-?'scope, from auris, 'the 
 ear,' and ukottcoi, '1 view.' An instrument for 
 exploring the ear. 
 
 AURIST, Otia'ter, Otia'trus, Ear-doctor, Ear- 
 sxirgeon ; from auris, 'the ear.' One who occu- 
 pies himself chiefly with the diseases of the ear 
 and their treatment. 
 
 AURIUM FLUCTUATIO, Bombus — a. Mar- 
 morata. Cerumen — a. Sibilus, Bombus — a. Soni- 
 tus, Bombus — a. Sordes, Cerumen — a. Susurrus, 
 Bombus. 
 
 A U R N E, Artemisia abrotanum — a. dea 
 Champs, Artemisia campestris — a. des Jardins, 
 Artemisia abrotanum — a. JIdle, Artemisia abro- 
 tanum. 
 
 AURUGO, Icterus. 
 
 AURUM, Gold — a. Chloratum, Gold, mu- 
 riate of — a. Chloratum natronatum, see Gold — a. 
 Foliatum, Gold leaf — a. in Libellis, Gold leaf — a. 
 Leprosum, Antimonium — a. Limatum, see Gold 
 — a. Muriaticum, see Gold — a. Muriaticum natro- 
 natum, see Gold. 
 
 Aunuir Musi'vuir, Auriim Mosa'icum, Sulph'- 
 uret of Tin, Devtosulpihuret or Persulphuret of 
 tin, (Quicksilver, tin, sulphur, scd ammoniac, 
 ail, equal parts. The tin being first melted, the 
 quicksilver is poured into it, and then the whole 
 are ground together, and sublimed in a bolthead. 
 The aurum musivum lies at the bottom.) It is 
 used in some empirical preparations. 
 
 AuBDM OxYDATUJi, See Gold — a. Oxydulatum 
 muriaticum. Gold, muriate of — a. Nitro-muriati- 
 cum, see Gold — a. Salitum, Gold, muriate of. 
 
 AUS'CULTATE, from auseultare, 'to listen.' 
 To practise auscultation. 'To auseult' is at times 
 used with the same signification. 
 
 AUSCULTA'TION, Auscidta'tio, Echos'cope, 
 act of listening. Buisson has used it synony- 
 mously with listening. Laennec introduced aus- 
 cultation to appreciate the different sounds which 
 can be heard in the chest, and in the diagnosis 
 of diseases of the heart, lungs, &c. This may 
 be done by the aid of an instrument called a ste- 
 thoscope, one extremity of which is applied to the 
 ear, th« other to the chest of the patient. This 
 mode of examination is called 3Iediate Ausculta- 
 tion, (F.) Auscultation mediate, — the application 
 of the ear to the chest being immediate ausculta- 
 tion. 
 
 The act of exploring the chest is called Stetho- 
 sco^j'ia, and Thoracoscop'ia ; of the abdomen, 
 Ahdominoscoj^'ia. 
 
 AUSCUL'TATORT, Auscultato'rius ; Aus'eul- 
 tory, Auscul' tic, (with some.) Belonging or hav- 
 ing relation to auscultation. 
 
 Ausccltatory Percussion, see Acouophonia. 
 
 AUSTERE', Auste'rus. Substances which pro- 
 duce a high degree of acerb impression on the 
 organs of taste. 
 
 AUSTRUCHE, Imperatoria. 
 
 AUTALGIA DOLOROSA, Neuralgia, facial, 
 Pleurodynia — a. Pruriginosa, Itching — a. Vertigo, 
 Vertigo. 
 
 AUTARCI'A, from avroj, 'himself,' and apKi^ca, 
 'I am satisfied.' Moral tranquillity. — Galen. 
 
 AUTEMES'IA, from avros, 'self,' and tutais, 
 
AUTEMPRESMUS 
 
 109 
 
 AVENA 
 
 ' vomiting.' Spontaneous or idiopathic vomiting. 
 — Alibert. 
 
 AUTEMPRESMUS, Combustion, human. 
 
 AUTHE'MERON. A medicine which cures 
 on the day of its exhibition; from avros, 'the 
 same,' and 'ti/itpa, ' day.' 
 
 AUTHYGIANSIS, Vis medicatrix naturae. 
 
 AUTOCHIR, AutocM'rus, Suici'da, from avros, 
 'himself,' and ■x^cip, 'hand. One who has com- 
 mitted suicide. A self-murderer or suicide. 
 
 AUTOCHIRIA, Suicide. 
 
 AUTOCINE'SIS, 3Iotus volunta'rins, from 
 avTos, 'self,' and Kivrjais, 'motion.' Voluntary 
 motion. 
 
 AUTOC'RAST, Autoerati'a, Antocrato'ria, 
 from avTos, 'himself,' and Kparog, ' strength.' In- 
 dependent force. Action of the vital principle, 
 or of the instinctive powers, towards the preser- 
 vation of the individual. See Vis Medicatrix 
 Naturae. Also, the vital principle. 
 
 AUTOCRATIA, Autocrasy, Vis Medicatrix 
 Naturae. 
 
 AUTOCRATORIA, Autocrasy— a. Physiatrice, 
 Vis medicatrix naturae. 
 
 AUTOCTONIA, Suicide. 
 
 AUTOG"ENOUS, from avrog, 'self,' and yev- 
 pau), 'I generate.' A term applied by Mr. Owen 
 to parts or elements that are usually developed 
 from distinct and independent centres ; as in the 
 case of the different parts or elements that form 
 a vertebra. 
 
 AUTOGONIA, Generation, equivocal. 
 
 AUTOLITHOT'OMUS, from avros, ' himself,' 
 XtSos, 'a stone,' and refiveiv, 'to cut.' One who 
 operates upon himself for the stone. 
 
 AUTOMAT'IC, Automat'icns, Autom'atus, (F.) 
 Automatique, from avrofiaroi, ' spontaneous.' That 
 which acts of itself. Those movements are called 
 a«to?unfic which are executed without volition : — 
 involuntary motions, motus automat'ici seu a!«- 
 tom'ati seu involunta'rii. 
 
 AUTOMNAL, Autumnal. 
 
 AUTONOM'IA, Via medica'trix natu'rm. The 
 word Autonomia is occasionally employed by the 
 French and Germans for the peculiar mechanism 
 of an organized body. Thus, although indivi- 
 duals of the same species may differ in outward 
 conformation, their mechanism or instinctive 
 laws {Autonomia) may be the same. 
 
 AUTONYCTOBAT'IA, Somnambulism. 
 
 AUTOPEP'SIA. from avroi, 'self,' and TrsrTo), 
 ' I concoct.' Self-digestion, — as of the stomach 
 after death. 
 
 AUTOPHIA, Autopsia. 
 
 AUTOPH'ONY, Antopho'nia, (F.) AufopJwme, 
 JRetentiseement aiitophonique, from avros, 'self,' 
 and (pixivri, ' voice.' An auscultatory sign pointed 
 out by M. Hourmann, which consists in noting 
 the character of the observer's own voice, while 
 he speaks with his head placed close to the pa- 
 tient's chest. The voice, it is alleged, will be 
 modified by the condition of the subjacent organs. 
 The resonance, thus heard, he terms retentisse- 
 ment autophonique. This diagnostic agency Dr. 
 R. G. Latham proposes to term heautophon'ics. 
 
 AUTOPHONIA, Suicide. 
 
 AUTOPHOSPHORUS, Phosphorus. 
 
 AUTOPLAS'TIC, Autoplas'ticm, from atiro?, 
 ' self,' and TrAacrrixo;, ' formative.' Relating to 
 autoplasty or plastic surgery. 
 
 AUTOPLASTICE, Morioplastice. 
 
 AUTOPLASTY, Morioplastice. 
 
 AUTOP'SIA, Au'topsy, from avrog, 'himself,' 
 and 01^(5, 'vision.' Autoph'ia, Autoscop'ia. In- 
 spection ; examination by one's self; self-inspec- 
 tion. Often improperly used for the following: 
 
 AuTOP'siA Cadaver'ica, (P.) Autopsle ou On- 
 verture cadaverique. Attentive examination after 
 death, — Examination post mortem, Sectio Cadav'- 
 
 eris, Dissection, Nec'roscopy, Nec'ropsy, Necro- 
 scop'ia, Necrop'sia, Necrop'sis, — practised for 
 the purpose of investigating the causes and seat 
 of an affection of which a person may have 
 died, &c. 
 
 AuTOP'siA Cadaver'ica Lega'lis, Sec'tio seu 
 Obduc'tio lega'lis, is the examination after death 
 fur medico-legal purposes. 
 
 AUTOPYROS, Syncomistos. 
 
 AUTOSCOPIA, Autopsia. 
 
 AU'TOSITE, from avros, 'self,' and airog, 
 'nourishment.' A single monster, capable of 
 deriving nourishment from its own proper or- 
 gans, in contradistinction to Omphalosite. 
 
 AUTOTHERAPIA, Vis medicatrix naturae. 
 
 AUTUMN, Autum'nus, Anctmn'nvs, from av- 
 gere, auctum, 'to increase' [?], Phthiropo'rou, ['¥.) 
 Automne. One of the seasons of the year, between 
 the 23d of September and the 21st of December. 
 In all climates, the Autumn or Fall is liable to 
 disease; a combination of local and atmospheric 
 causes being then present, favourable to its pro- 
 duction. 
 
 AUTUM'NAL, Autumna'Us, (F.) Automnnl. 
 Relating to Autumn; as Autumnal Fruits, Au- 
 tumnal Fevers, &o. 
 
 Autumnal Fever generally assumes a bilious 
 aspect. Those of the intermittent kind are much 
 more obstinate than when they appear in the 
 spring. 
 
 AUXESIS, Augmentation, Increase. 
 
 AUXIL'IARY, Auxilia'ris, from anxilium, 
 'aid.' (E.) Auxiliaire. That which assists, or 
 from which assistance is obtained. 
 
 Auxiliary Medicike is one which assists the 
 principal medicine or basis. It is synonymous 
 with Adjuvant. 
 
 Auxiliary Muscles are those which concur 
 in the same movement. Some anatomists have 
 applied the term to several ligaments, as well as 
 to the fleshy fibres, which hang from the sacro- 
 spinalis muscle. 
 
 AUXILIUM, Juvans, Medicament. 
 
 AUXIS, Augmentation, Increase. 
 
 AVA, Arva, Kara. An intoxicating narcotic 
 drink, made by chewing the Piper methisticum. 
 It is much used by the Polynesians. 
 
 AVAILLES, WATERS OF. A small village 
 in France, 13 leagues S. S. E. of Poitiers, at 
 which there is a cold saline chalybeate. It 
 contains chlorides of sodium and calcium, sul- 
 phate and subcarbonate of soda, iron, <fcc. 
 
 AVANT-BOUCEE (¥.), Os anti'cum. This 
 name has been applied by some to the mouth, 
 properly so called — in contradistinction to the 
 Arriere louche or Pharynx. 
 
 AVANT-BRAS, Fore-arm. 
 
 AVANT-CCEUR, Scrobiculus cordis. 
 
 AVANT-GOUT (E.), PrcBcjusta'tio. A fore- 
 taste ; praegustation. 
 
 AVANT-MAIN CF.), Adver'sa Manus. The 
 inside of the hand, when extended. 
 
 AVANT-PIED (F.). The most advanced part 
 of the foot. 
 
 A VANT-POIGNET (F.). The anterior part 
 of the wrist. 
 
 A VELTNE, Corylus avellana, (nut.) 
 
 AVELLANA, Corylus avellana — a. Cathartica, 
 Jatropha curcas. 
 
 AVE'NA, Bromos, Outs, (Prov., North of Eng- 
 land) Aits. The seeds of Ave'na sati'va. Ord. 
 Gramineae. Sex. Syst. Triandria Digynia. (S.) 
 Avoine. Oats are used as food for man in some 
 parts, particularly in the North of England and 
 Scotland. When deprived of the husks, they 
 form Groats. Pi-educed to meal — Avenae Fari'na, 
 Oatmeal, (Ph. U. S.) — they are applied as cata- 
 plasms to promote suppuration. The dry meal 
 is sprinkled over erysipelatous parts. 
 
AVENiE FARINA 
 
 110 
 
 AXOIDO-ATLOIDIEN 
 
 Oatmeal gruel, Water gruel, is prepared as fol- 
 lows : — Take of oatmeal, ^ij ; soft water, Oiss. 
 Rub the meal in a basin, with the back of a spoon, 
 in a moderate quantity of the water, pouring oif 
 the fluid after the grosser particles have subsided, 
 but whilst the milkiness continues; and repeat 
 the operation until no more milkiness is commu- 
 nicated to the water. Put the washings in a pan, 
 after having stirred them well, in order to sus- 
 pend any fecula which may have subsided; and 
 boil until a soft, thick mucilage is formed. 
 
 It is a good demulcent, and is used also as a 
 vehicle for clysters. 
 
 AvENA ExcoRTioATA, Groats. 
 AVENiE FARINA, see Avena. 
 AVENHEIM, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Avenheim is three leagues from Strasburg: near 
 it is an aperient mineral water. 
 
 AVENNES, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Avennes is a village in the department of He- 
 rault, in France: near it is a saline spring, the 
 temperature of which rises to 84° Fahrenheit. 
 
 AVENS, COMMON, Geum urbanum— a. Pur- 
 ple, Geum rivale — a. Water, Geum rivale — a. 
 White, Geum Virginianum — a. Yellow, Geum 
 urbanum. 
 
 AVE RICH, Sulphur. 
 
 AVERRHO'A BILIM'BI, BiUm'bi, Bilimhhig 
 teres. Old. Oxalidese : called after Averrhoes. 
 An Indian tree, which has a fruit that is too acid 
 to be eaten alone. It is used as a condiment, 
 and in the form of syrup as a refrigerant. 
 
 Averrho'a Caram'bola, Malum Coen'se, Prtt- 
 num stella'tum, Tam'ara, Conga, Caram'holo. 
 An Indian tree, whose fruits are agreeably acid. 
 The bark, bruised, is employed as a cataplasm, 
 and its fruit is used as a refrigerant in bilious 
 fever and dysentery. 
 
 AVER'SiON, Aver'sio, Apot'rope, from oijer- 
 tere, (a and vertere,) 'to turn from.' Extreme 
 repugnance for anything whatever. 
 
 AVERSION {¥.) also means, in therapeutics, 
 the action of medicines which turn the afflux of 
 fluids from one organ, and direct them toothers; 
 being synonymous with counter-irritation, or 
 rather, revulsion or derivation. 
 
 AVER TIN (F.). A disease of the mind, 
 which, according to Lavoisien, renders the pa- 
 tient obstinate and furious. 
 AVEUGLE, Caeus. 
 
 AVEUGLEMENT, Cajcitas — a. de Jour, 
 Nyctalopia- — a. de Nuit, Hemeralopia. 
 
 AVICEN'NIA TOMENTO'SA, A. Afriea'na 
 seu resini/'era. sen nit'ida, Bon'tia ger'minans : 
 called after Avicenna. Ord. Verbenaceffi. The 
 plant which aifords the Alalac'ca Bean or Ana- 
 car'dium Orienta'leoi the Pharmacopoeias, Seme- 
 car'pus Anacar'dium. The oil drawn from the 
 bark of the fruit is a corrosive and active vesica- 
 tory, but it is not used. 
 
 AVICULA CIPRIA, Pastil— a. Margaritifera, 
 Bee Pearl. 
 AVOIN, Avena. 
 
 AVON, MINERAL WATERS OF. Avon 
 Springs are in the State of New York, on the 
 eastern branch of the Genesee river, 18 miles 
 from Rochester. There are three sulphureo-saline 
 and one iodine spring. They are applicable to 
 the same set of cases as the Sharon Springs. 
 
 AVORTEMENT, Abortion— a. Provoque, see 
 Parturition. 
 
 AVORTER, to Abort. 
 AVORTIN, Abortion. 
 AVORTON, Abortion. 
 AVULSIO, Arrachement. 
 AVULSION, Evulsion. 
 
 AX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ax is a 
 small town in the department of Arriege, Prance; 
 where there are several sulphurous springs, the 
 
 temperature of which varies from 77° to 162° of 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 AXE, Axis — a. de I'CEil, Axis of the eye. 
 AX'EACOMMISSU'RA, TrochoVdea. A 
 pivot-joint. See Trochoid. 
 
 Axen Korper, Corpuscula tactds. 
 AXES, Intermittent, Paroxysm. 
 AXILE BODIES, Corpuscula tactfls. 
 AXIL'LA, Ala, Ascel'la, Assel'la, Aseil'la, 
 Acel'la, Cordis emuncto'rium, 3/ale, Hypo'mia, 
 Fo'vea axilla'ris, Mas' ehale, Mas'ehalis, (Sc. and 
 Prov.) Oxtar, Oxter, (F.) Aisselle. The cavity 
 beneath the junction of the arm with the shoulder; 
 the armpit ; (F.) Greux del' Aisselle. Itis bounded, 
 anteriorly, by a portion of the pectoralis major ; 
 posteriorly, by the latissimus dorsi. It is covered 
 with hair, contains much areolar membrane, lym- 
 phatic ganglions, important vessels and nerves, 
 and numerous sebaceous follicles, furnishing an 
 odorous secretion. In consequence of such secre- 
 tion, the ancients called it emuncto'rium cordis. 
 
 AX'ILLARY, Blaschaliae' us, (F.) Axillaire, 
 from axilla, ' the armpit.' Belonging to the 
 armpit. 
 
 Axillary Artery, Arte'ria axilla'ris; a con- 
 tinuation of the subclavian, extending from the 
 passage of the latter between the scaleni muscles 
 as far as the insertion of the pectoralis major, 
 when it takes the name of Brachial. 
 
 Axillary Glands are lymphatic glands seated 
 in the armpit; into which the lymphatic gland? 
 of the upper extremity open. 
 
 Axillary Nerve, Cir'cvmflex N., Scap'ido- 
 hu'meral (Ch.), NerJ" circonjlexe, Artic'ular nervej 
 arises from the posterior part of the brachial 
 plexus, particularly from the last two cervical 
 pairs and the first dorsal. It is chiefly distri- 
 buted to the posterior margin of the deltoid. 
 
 Axillary Vein, Vena Axilla'ris, Vena Suba- 
 la'ris. This vein corresponds with the artery ; 
 anterior to which it is situate. It is a continua- 
 tion of the brachial veins/ and, at its termina- 
 tion, assumes the name Subclavian. 
 
 AXINE, Ascia. 
 
 AXIRNACH. An Arabic word, used by Al- 
 bucasis to designate a fatty tumour of the upper 
 eyelid, observed particularly in children. 
 
 AXIS, Axon, (F.) Axe. A right line which 
 passes through the centre of a body. 
 
 Axis, Cerebro-Spinal, see Encephalon — a. 
 of the Cochlea, Modiolus — a.. Cranio-Spinal, see 
 Encephalon — a. Cylinder of Nerve, see Nerve 
 fibre — a. Coeliac, Coeliae artery. 
 
 Axis of the Eye, (F.) Axe de I'ceil, called 
 also, Vis'ual Axis and Optic Axis, is a right line, 
 which falls perpendicularly on the eye, and passes 
 through the centre of the pupil. 
 
 Axis, H^mal, Aorta — a. Neural, see Ence- 
 phalon. 
 
 Axis, is also the second vertebra of the neck, 
 Axon, Epistroph'eus, Epis'trophus, Maschalister : 
 Ver'tebra Denta'ta, (F.) Essieu. So called, be- 
 cause it forms a kind of axis on which the head 
 moves. Chaussier calls it Axo'ide, from ufcuv, 
 'axis,' and tiiog, 'shape.' 
 
 AXLETEETH, Molar teeth. 
 
 AX OWE, Axis — a. Occipitale, Rectus capitis 
 posticus major. 
 
 AXOID'O-ATLOID'EUS. What refers to both 
 the axis and atlas, asAxoido-ofloidean articulation. 
 
 The lesions of the Axoido-atloidean, are, 1. 
 Fracture of the Proces'sus Denta'tus. 2. Rupture 
 of the odontoid ligament, and consequently pas- 
 sage and pressure of the process behind the trans- 
 verse ligament : and, 3. The simultaneous rupture 
 of the odontoid and transverse ligaments. These 
 different accidents are fatal. 
 
 AXOIDO-ATLOIDIEN, Obliquus inferior 
 capitis. 
 
AXON 
 
 111 
 
 BACCHIA 
 
 AXON, Axis. 
 
 AXONGE, Adeps prasparatus. 
 
 AXUNGE, Adeps prasparatus. 
 
 AXUN6IA, Pinguedo — a. Gadi, Oleum Jecoris 
 Aselli — a. de Mumia, Marrow — a. Articularis, 
 Synovia — a. Piscina Marina, Oleum Jecoris Aselli 
 — a. Poreina, Adeps pr^paratus. 
 
 AYPNIA, Insomnia. 
 
 AZALEA PROCUMBENS, Loiseleuria pro- 
 cumbens. 
 
 AZARNET, Orpiment. 
 
 AZARUM, Asarum — a. Cabaret, Asarum. 
 
 AZEDARACH, Melia Azedarach. 
 
 AZEDARACHA AMOENA, Melia Azedarach. 
 
 AZO'IC, Azo'icus, same etymon as Azote. De- 
 void of life. The "Azoic period" of the geologist 
 is that before any living being appeared. 
 
 AZOODYNA'MIA, from a, priv., ^u^, 'life,' 
 and Swafiis, 'strength.' Privation or diminution 
 of the vital powers. 
 
 AZORES, CLIMATE OF. The Azores or 
 Western Islands are said to afford one of the best 
 examples of a mild, humid, equable climate, to 
 be met with in the northern hemisphere. It is 
 slightly colder and moister than that of Madeira, 
 but even more equable. Sir James Clark thinks, 
 that a change from the Azores to Madeira, and 
 thence to Teneriffe — one of the Canaries — would 
 prove more beneficial to the phthisical valetudi- 
 narian than a residence during the whole winter 
 in any one of those islands. 
 
 AZOTAS HYDRARGYRICUS LIQUIDUS, 
 see Hydrargyri nitras — a. Hydrargyroso — ammo- 
 nicus, see Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum — a. 
 Hydrargyrosus, Hydrargri nitras — a. Potassicus, 
 Potassas nitras. 
 
 AZOTATE, Nitrate — a. d' Argent, Argenti 
 nitras — -a. de Merciire, Hydrargyri nitras — a. de 
 jifercure et d'ammoniaque, see Hydrargyri oxy- 
 dum cinereum — a, de Plomh, Plumbi nitras — a. 
 de Potasse, Potassaj nitras. 
 
 A'ZOTE, Azo'tum, from a, priv., and ^mr], 'life.' 
 Ni'trogen, Alcaligene, Gas azo'ticuni, Nitro- 
 gen'ium, Seiiton, (F.) Azote, Nitrogene, Ilofette, 
 Air gate. Air vide, is a gas which is unfit for re- 
 spiration. It is not positively deleterious, but 
 proves fatal owing to the want of oxygen. It is 
 one of the constituents of atmospheric air, and a 
 distinguishing principle of animals. Vegetables 
 have it not generally diffused, whilst it is met 
 with in most animal substances. It has been 
 variously called, phlogistic air, vitiated air, &c. ; 
 has been looked upon as sedative, and recom- 
 mended to be respired, when properly diluted, in 
 diseases of the chest. 
 
 Azote, Protoxide of, Nitrogen, gaseous ox- 
 ide of. 
 
 AZOTE, Nitrogenized. 
 
 AZOTED, Nitrogenized. 
 
 AZOTENESES, from azote, and vocoi, 'dis- 
 ease.' Diseases fancied to be occasioned by the 
 predominance of azote in the body. — Baumes. 
 
 AZOTIC ACID, Nitric acid. 
 
 AZOTIZED. Nitrogenized. 
 
 AZOTURIA, see Urine. 
 
 AZTEC CHILDREN, see Nanus. 
 
 AZUR, Coral, Smalt. 
 
 AZU'RIUM. A compound of two parts of 
 mercury, one-third of sulphur, and one-fourth of 
 sal ammoniac. — Albertus Magnus. 
 
 AZ'YGES, Az'ygos, Az'ygous, sine pari, from 
 a, priv., and ^uyof, ' a yoke', not paired. The 
 sphenoid hone, because it has no fellow. Also, a 
 process, Proces'sus Az'yges, Rostrum spheno'ida'le, 
 projecting from under the middle and forepart 
 of this bone. 
 
 AZYGOS GANGLION, see Trisplanchnic 
 Nerve. 
 
 AZYGOUS ARTICULAR ARTERY, see Ar- 
 ticular arteries of the skull. 
 
 AzYGODS Muscle, A«!/.(/o8 U'vuIcb, is the small 
 muscle which occupies the substance of the uvula, 
 — Morgagni. The name is, however, inappro- 
 priate, as there are two distinct fasciculi, placed 
 along-side each other, forming the Pal'afo-sta- 
 phyli'ni, Staphyli'ni or EpistaphyW ni muscles, 
 Stapihyli' ni me'dii of Winslow. 
 
 AzYGous Process, of the Sphenoid, see 
 Azyges. 
 
 AzYGOUS Vein, Vena Azygos, Veine Prelomho- 
 thoracique — (Ch.), Vena sine pari. Vena pari 
 carens, (F.) Veine sans Paire. This vein was so 
 called by Galen. It forms a communication be- 
 tween the V. cava inferior and V. cava superior, 
 permitting the blood to pass freely between the 
 two. It rises from the vena cava inferior, or 
 from one of the lumbar or renal veins, passes 
 through the diaphragm, ascends along the spine 
 to the right of the aorta and thoracic duct, and 
 opens into the V. cava superior, where it pene- 
 trates the pericardium. On the left side, the 
 SEMI-Az'ygos, Left hron'chial or left superior in- 
 tercos'tal vein, Vona demi-azygos, V. hemi-az'yga, 
 Veine petite prelombo-thoracique — (Ch.), presents, 
 in miniature, nearly the same arrangement. 
 
 AZYMIA HUMORUM, Crudity of the hu- 
 mours. 
 
 AZ'YMUS, from a, priv., and ^d/<>7, 'leaven.' 
 Azy mous bread is unfermented, unleavened bread, 
 — Galen. 
 
 AZZLE-TEETH, Molar teeth. 
 
 B. 
 
 BAB EUR RE, Buttermilk. 
 
 BABILLEMEMT, Loquacity. 
 
 BABUZICARIUS, Incubus. 
 
 BABY, Infans. 
 
 BAC'ARIS, Bach'aris. A name given by the 
 ancients to an ointment, described by Galen 
 under the name Ointment of Lydia. It was 
 sometimes employed in diseases of the womb. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 BACC^ BERMUDENSES, Sapindus sapo- 
 naria — b. seu Grana actes, see Sambucus ebulus 
 — b. Jujubse, Jujube — b. Myrtillorum, see Vacci- 
 nium myrtiUus — b. Norlandicas, Rubus arcticus 
 
 — b. Piperis Glabri, see Piper Cubeba — b. Pisea^ 
 toriae, see Menispermum cocculus — b. Zizyphi, 
 see Jujube. 
 
 BACCAR, Bac'caria, Bac'charis. An herb 
 used by the ancients in their garlands, to destroy 
 enchantment. Perhaps, the Digitalis purpurea. 
 Some authors have erroneously thought it to be 
 the Asarnm, 
 
 BACCHARIS, Bacear. 
 
 Bac'charis Halimifo'lia, Groundsel tree ; Or- 
 der, Compositse ; indigenous ; is used as a demul- 
 cent to allay cough, in the form of decoction. 
 
 BACCHI'A, from Bacchus, 'the god of wine.' 
 
BACCHICA 
 
 112 
 
 BALANORRHAGIA 
 
 A name applied to the red or pimpled face of the 
 drunkard. See Gutta rosea. 
 BACCHICA, Hedera helix. 
 BACCIV'OE-OUS, Bacciv'oms, (F.) Baccivorc, 
 from hacea, ' a berry,' and voro, ' I devour.' Liv- 
 ing on berries. 
 
 BACHARIS, Bacaris. 
 
 BACHELOR'S BUTTONS, see Stryehnos nux 
 vomica. 
 
 BACKER'S TONIC PILLS, Pilul£e ex Helle- 
 boro et Myrrh a. 
 
 B AGILE, Crithmum maritimum. 
 BACILLAR LAYER OF THE RETINA, 
 Tunica Jacobi. 
 
 BACIL'LUM, Bacillus, Bac'idus, Bac'eulus: 
 'a stick.' This name has been applied to a kind 
 .of troch, composed of expectorants, and having 
 the shape of a stick. Also, a suppository. Bacil- 
 lum was used by the ancient chemists for several 
 instruments of iron. 
 BACK, Dorsum. 
 BACK-ACH ROOT, Liatris. 
 BACKBONE, Vertebral column. 
 BACKSIDE, Nates. 
 BACKSPRENT, Vertebral column. 
 BACKSTROKE OP THE HEART, Impulse, 
 diastolic. 
 
 BACOBOTRYS PICTA, Saoria. 
 BACOVB, Musa sapientum. 
 BACTYRILOBIUM FISTULA, Cassia fistula. 
 BACULUS, Bacillum. 
 BAD, Sick. 
 
 BADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Baden 
 is a town six miles from Vienna. Here are 12 
 springs, containing carbonates of lime and mag- 
 neisa; sulphates of lime, and magnesia, and 
 soda; and chlorides of sodium and aluminum. 
 The water is used in diseases of the skin, rheu- 
 matism, <to. 
 
 There are two other towns of the same name ; 
 one in Suabia, and the other in Switzerland, 
 about 12 miles from Ziirieh, where are mineral 
 springs. The waters of the last two are thermal 
 sulphureous. 
 
 BADEN-BADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Celebrated thermal springs, situate about a league 
 from the high road to Basle and Frankfort. Their 
 temperature varies from 130° to 154° Fahrenheit. 
 Their situation is beautiful, and they are much 
 frequented. 
 
 BADENWEILER, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 B. is in Baden, about a league to the westward 
 of Miillheim. The waters are thermal (87° of 
 Fahr.), and contain carbonate of lime, sulphuret 
 and chloride of calcium, and chloride of magne- 
 sium. 
 
 BADER, Bather. 
 
 BADIAGrA. A kind of sponge, sold in Pv,ussia, 
 the powder of which is said to take away the livid 
 marks from blows and bruises in a few hours. 
 Its nature is not understood. 
 BADIANE, Illicium anisatum. 
 BADJSI3, Walking. 
 BADLY, Sick. 
 
 BADUKKA, Capparis badukka. 
 BAG, DUSTING, see Dusting-bag — b. of 
 Waters, see Liquor Amnii. 
 BAGEDIA, Pound. 
 BAGGIE, Abdomen. 
 
 BAGNERES-ADOUR, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Bagneres-Adour is a small town in the de- 
 partment of Halites Pyrenees, having a great 
 viumber of mineral springs; some, cold chaly- 
 beates; others, thermal salines; but the greatest 
 part sulphureous and warm. 
 
 BAGNERES DU LUCHON is a small town 
 in the department of Haute Garonne, on the 
 ttontiers of Spain. It has been for a long time 
 
 famous for its numerous sulphureous springs, 
 the temperature of which is from 69° to 148° of 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 BAGNIGGE WELLS. A saline mineral spring 
 of London, resembling the Epsom. 
 
 BAGNIO, Baignoire. 
 
 BAGNOLES, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Bagnoles is a village in the department of Orne. 
 The water resembles that of Bagneres de Lvchon. 
 
 BAGNOLS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bag- 
 nols is a village, two leagues from Mende, in the 
 departmemt of Lozere. The waters are hydro- 
 sulphurous and thermal : 109° Fahrenheit. 
 
 BAGOAS, i:astratus. 
 
 BAGUENAUDIER, Colutea arborescens. 
 
 BAHA'MA ISLANDS, CLIMATE OF. The 
 climate of the Bahamas is not considered to be 
 well adapted for consumptive patients, on ac- 
 count of the rapid alternations of temperature, 
 and the prevalence of winds, often of a dry, cold 
 character. Still, the phthisical valetudinarians 
 from most portions of the United States might 
 derive advantage from a residence there during 
 the winter months. The accommodations are 
 not, however, good, or numerous. 
 
 BAHEL, Colum'nea longifo'lia. A labiated 
 plant of Malabar, whose leaves, bruised, are ap- 
 plied as cataplasms to suppurating tumours. 
 
 Bahel Schulli, Genista spinosa Indica. 
 
 B AWN EUR. Bather. 
 
 BAIGNOIRE, (F.) Bapt~iste'rium, a Bathing 
 tub, Bagnio, So'lium, Pisei'na. The vessel or 
 place in which bathing is performed. Baignoire 
 oculaire, an eye-hath, — a small vessel for bathing 
 the eyes. See Seaphium oculare. 
 
 BAILEY'S SPRING, see Alabama, Mineral 
 
 BAILLEMENT, Yawning. 
 
 BAILLON, Speculum oris. , 
 
 BAIN, Bath — h. Chaud, Bath, hot— 5. Elec- 
 trique, Bath, electric, see Electricity — b. Entier, 
 Bath, general — h. de Fauteuil, Bath, hip — h. 
 Frais, Bath, tepid — b. Froid, Bath, cold — b. Hy- 
 gienique, see Bath — b. 3Iarie, Bath, water — b. 
 Medicinal, Bath, medicated — 6. de Mer, Bath, 
 sea — b. de Pied, Bath, foot, Pediluvium — b. de 
 Sable, Bath, sand — h. de Siege, Bath, hip — h. 
 Simple, see Bath — b. Tempere, Bath, tepid, B. 
 Temperate — b. de Tete, Bath, head — b. Tiede, 
 Bath, tepid — h. Tres froid, Bath, cold — h.de 
 Vapeiir, Bath, vapour. 
 
 BAINE, Bath. 
 
 BAINS, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 are situated at Plombi&res, department of the 
 Vosges. They are said to be saline and thermal 
 by some; others deny them any medical pro- 
 perties. 
 
 BAIRN. Infnns. 
 
 BAIRNWORTS, Bellis. 
 
 BALAMPULLI. Tamarindus. 
 
 BALANCE, AEROSTATIC, Areometer. 
 
 BAL'ANCEMENT, Compensa'tion, from (F.) 
 balance, 'a, balance,' itself from bis, 'twice,' and 
 lanx, 'a dish.' A law of teratogeny, as main- 
 tained by GeofFroy St. Hilaire, by which exube- 
 rance of nutrition in one organ is supposed to 
 involve, to a greater or less extent, the total or 
 partial atrophy of some other, and conversely. 
 
 BALANDA, Fagus Sylvatica. 
 
 BALANEUM, Bath. 
 
 BALANISMUS, Suppository. 
 
 BALANITE GONTAGIEUSE, see Gonor- 
 rhoea. 
 
 BALANITIS, Gonorrhoea spuria. 
 
 BALANOBLENNORRH (EA, Gonorrhoea 
 spuria. 
 
 BALANOCASTANUM, Bunium Bulbocasta- 
 Dum. 
 
 BALANORRHAGIA, see Gonorrhoea. 
 
BALANORRHffiA 
 
 113 
 
 BALSAM 
 
 BALANORRHCEA, Gonorrhoea spuria. 
 
 BALANOS PHCENICOS, Date. 
 
 BA'LANUS, iiaKavo<;, 'glans,' 'an acorn.' The 
 glans penis. Hence, Balanohlennorrhce'a, Blen- 
 norrhcea of tlie glans ; and Balani'tis, Inflamma- 
 tion of the glans. Suppositories and pessaries 
 were called Bal'ani. 
 
 Balanos, Glans, Suppository — b. Myrepsica, 
 Guilandina moringa. 
 
 BALARUC, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ba- 
 laruc is a town in the department of Herault, 
 in France. The waters are saline and thermal. 
 They contain carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, 
 carbonate of magnesia, chlorides of sodium, cal- 
 cium, and magnesium, sulphate of lime, and a 
 little iron. They are considered tonic, and are 
 largely used. Their temperature is about 118° 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 Balaruc "Water, Factit"ious, (F.) Eau de 
 Balaruc ; Aqua Belliluca'na is made of simple 
 acidulous water (containing twice its bulk of car- 
 bonic acid) f^xxss; chloride of sodium, '^\ss; 
 chloride of calcium, gr. xviij ; chloride of mag- 
 nesium, gr. Ivi; carbonate of magnesia, gr. j. 
 
 BALATRO, Bambalio. 
 
 BALAUSTINB FLOWERS, see Punica gra- 
 natum. 
 
 BALBIS, 0a\j3ig, 'a foundation.' Any oblong 
 cavity. — Galen. Hippocrates, in his treatise on 
 the joints, gives the name Balhito' des to the ole- 
 cranon cavity of the humerus. 
 
 BALBUS, (F.) Begue. One habitually affected 
 with stammering. A stammerer. 
 
 BALBUTIEMENT, Bulbuties. 
 
 BALBU'TIES, Psellis'mus, Psel'lofes, BIcb'- 
 eitas, Baryglos'sia, Dysla'lia, Mogilu'lia, Jscho- 
 pho'nia, Battaris'mus, Bamba'iia, Hmsita'tio, 
 Loque'la blcn'sa, Tituba'tio Linguce, (F.) Balbu- 
 tiement, Begaiement, Begayement, Stuttering, 
 Stammering, Hammering, (Prov.) Tutt'ering, 
 St. Vitus's Dance of the Voice, (Sc.) Hab'bering, 
 Habbling. Also, vicious and incomplete pronun- 
 ciation, in which almost all the consonants are 
 replaced by the letters B and L; Traulis'mus. 
 
 BALCHUS, Bdellium. 
 
 BALD, Athrix. 
 
 BALDMONEY, ^thusa meum. 
 
 BALDNESS, Alopecia, Calvities— b. Limited, 
 Porrigo decalvans — b. Partial, Porrigo decalvans. 
 
 BALENAS, Leviathan penis. 
 
 BALIMBAGO, Hibiscus populeus. 
 
 BALINEATOR, Bather. 
 
 BALINEUM, Bath. 
 
 BALL, Pila— b. of the Eye, Pupil. 
 
 BALLISMUS, Chorea. 
 
 BALLISTA, Astragalus. 
 
 BALLOCK-GRASS, Orchis mascula. 
 
 BALLON, Receiver. 
 
 BALLONNEMENT, Tympanites. 
 
 BALLO'TA FCE'TIDA, B. vnlga'ris seu nigra, 
 Marrti'bium nigrum, Black Horehound, Stinking 
 H., (F.) Marrube noir. Ord. Labiatse. Sex. 
 Syst. Didynamia Gymnospermia. This plant is 
 esteemed to be antispasmodic, resolvent, and 
 detersive. (?) 
 
 Ballota Lana'tA, Leonu'rus lana'tna, (F.) 
 Ballote cotonneuse. A plant which grows in 
 Siberia. The whole plant, with the exception of 
 the root, has been recommended in dropsy, and 
 in rheumatism and gout, as a diuretic. It is 
 usually given in decoction (^ss to 5J to f^viij 
 of water). 
 
 BALLOTE COTONNEUSE, Ballota lanata. 
 
 BALLOTTEiMENT, (F.) Mouvement de Bal- 
 lottement, Agita'tion, Succus'sion, Repercus'sion, 
 means the motion impressed on the foetus in 
 utero, by alternately pressing the uterus by 
 means of the index finger of one hand intro- 
 duced into the vagina; the other hand being 
 
 applied on the abdomen. It is one of the least 
 equivocal signs of pregnancy. 
 
 BALLS, DEER, Elaphomyces granulatus. 
 
 BALLSTON SPA. This village is situate in 
 Saratoga County, New York. The spring Sans 
 Souci belongs to the class of Acidulous Chaly- 
 beates. It contains iodide of sodium. There is 
 also a sulphur spring. 
 
 BALM, Melissa — b. Apple, Momordica bal- 
 samina — b. Bastard, Melitis Melissoph3'llum — b. 
 of Gilead, Solomon's, see Tinctura cardamomi — ■ 
 b. of Gilead, Poplar, Populus candicans — b. of 
 Gilead tree, Dracocephalum Canariense — b. In- 
 dian, Trillium latifoliuni — b. Mountain, Monarda 
 coccinea — b. Red, Monarda coceinea — b. Scarlet 
 rose, Monarda coccinea — b. Stinking, Hedeoma. 
 
 BALMONY, Chelone glabra. 
 
 BALNEA CCENOSA, Boue des eaux. 
 
 BALNEARIUM, Hypocaustum. 
 
 BALNEARIUS, Bather. 
 
 BALNEATOR, Bather. 
 
 BALNEOG'RAPHY, Balneograph'ia, from 
 ^oKaveiov, 'a bath,' and yputpV) 'a description.' 
 A description of baths. 
 
 BALNEOL'OGY, Balneolog"ia, from fiaXa- 
 vctov, 'a bath,' and Xoyo;, 'a description.' A 
 treatise on baths. 
 
 BALNEOTHERAPI'A, from/SaXavtiov, 'a 
 bath,' and dc^iaiTcia, 'treatment.' Treatment of 
 disease by baths. 
 
 BALNEUM, Bath— b. Acidum, Bath, acid — 
 b. Alkalinum, Bath, alkaline — b. Animale, Bath, 
 animal — b. Antipsoricum, Bath, antipsoric — b. 
 Anti-syphiliticum, Bath, antisyphilitic — b. Are- 
 nae, Bath, sand — b. Gelatinosum, Bath, gelatinous 
 — b. Marine, Bath, water — b. Marinura, Bath, sea 
 — b. Maris, Bath, water — b. Medicatum, Bath, 
 medicated — b. Sulphuris, Bath, sulphur. 
 
 BALSAM, B'd'samum, Bal'samus, Bol'eson, 
 Bel'eson, (F.) Bawne. This name is given to 
 natural vegetable substances, concrete or liquid, 
 but very odorous, bitter, and piquant: composed 
 of resin, benzoic acid, and sometimes of an es- 
 sential oil — which allow benzoic acid to be dis- 
 engaged by the action of heat; readily dissolved 
 in volatile oil, alcohol, and ether; and, when 
 treated with alkalies, afford a soluble benzoate, 
 and throw down resin. We know of only five 
 balsams — those of Peru, and Tolu, Benzoin, solid 
 Styrax or Storax, and liquid Styrax. (See those 
 different words.) There are, however, many phar- 
 maceutical preparations and resinous substances, 
 possessed of a balsamic smell, to which the name 
 balsam has been given ; but they differ essentially 
 in composition and properties: hence the dis- 
 tinction of balsams into natural and artificial. 
 The natural balsams include the five before men- 
 tioned; the artificial the remainder. 
 
 Balsam, Acous'tic, Bal'samum Acous'ticnw, 
 (F.) Baume acoustique. A mixture of fixed and 
 essential oils, sulphur, and tinctures of fetid 
 gums. Used in cases of atonic deafness, dropped 
 into the ear. The acoustic balsam of Dr. Hugh 
 Smith is made by mixing three drachms of ox- 
 gall, with one drachm of balsam of Peru. 
 
 Balsam, American, see Myroxylon Peruiferum 
 — b. Anodyne, Bates's, Linimentum saponis et 
 opii. 
 
 Balsam, Apoplec'tic, Bal'samum Apoplec'ti- 
 cum, Bal'samiis Apoplec'tious, (F.) Baume Apo- 
 plectique. A medicine composed of several bal- 
 sams properly so called, resins, and volatile oils. 
 It is of a stiff consistence, is worn in ivory 
 boxes about the person, and is smelled at in 
 headaches, Ac. 
 
 Balsam Apple, Momordica balsamina. 
 
 Balsam of Arcce'us, Bal'samum Arccei, Un~ 
 guen'tum El'em.i, (F.) Baume d'Arcceus. A soft 
 ointment; sometimes employed in wounds, ul- 
 
BALSAM 
 
 114 
 
 BALSAM 
 
 cers, &c. It is made by melting, with a gentle 
 heat, two parts of mutton suet, one of lard, one 
 and a half of turpentine, and as much resin. 
 Balsam, Calaba, see Fagara octandra. 
 Balsam, Canada, see Pinus balsamea — b. Ca- 
 nary, Dracocephalum Canariense — b. Capivi, 
 Copaiba. 
 
 Balsam of Carpa'thia, B. Carpa'thian, BaV- 
 inmum Carpath'icum, (F.) Baume de Carpathie. 
 The resin of the Pinus Gembra, a tree, which 
 grows in Switzerland, Libya, and the Krapac 
 mountains in Hungary. 
 
 Balsam, Chaly'beate, Bal'samum Ohah/bea'- 
 tum, (F.) Baume d'acier ou d'aiguilles. A mix- 
 ture of nitrate of iron, alcohol, and oil, prepared 
 by dissolving needles in nitric acid. It was for- 
 merly employed in friction in pains of the 
 joints. 
 
 Balsam, Comman^der's, Tinctura benzoin! cora- 
 posita — b. for Cuts, Tinctura benzoini composita. 
 Balsam, Cor'dial, op Senner'tus, Bnl'mmnm 
 Cordia'le Seniier'ti, (F.) Baume cordiale de Sen- 
 nert. A stimulant medicine, composed of the 
 essential oils of citron, cloves, and cinnamon, of 
 musk, and ambergris. Dose, 6 to 15 drops. 
 
 Balsam of Fierabras. A celebrated Spanish 
 vulnerary balsam, mentioned by Cervantes ; the 
 composition of which was oil, rosemary, salt, and 
 wine. (?) 
 
 Balsam, Spir'ituoits, op Fiohaventi, Bal'- 
 samum Fioraven'ti spirituo'sum, (F.) Baume de 
 Fioraventi sptritaeux. Different products of the 
 distillation of resinous and balsamic substances, 
 and of a number of aromatic substances, pre- 
 viously macerated in alcohol, have been thus 
 called. The Sjn'riUtous Balsam of Fioraventi, 
 the only one now used in friction, in chronic 
 rheumatism, is the first product of the distillation 
 from a sand-bath. It is entirely alcoholic. The 
 Oili/ Bahara of Fioraventi is obtained by re- 
 moving the residue, and distilling it in an iron 
 vessel, at a white heat. It has the appearance 
 of a citrine-coloured oil. The Black Balsam of 
 Fioraventi is the black oil, obtained when the 
 temperature is sufficient to carbonize the sub- 
 stances in the cucurbit. 
 
 Balsam of Fir, see Pinus balsamea. 
 Balsam op Fourcroy or of Laborde, (F.) 
 Baume de Fourcroy ou de Laborde, A kind of 
 liniment composed of aromatic plants, balsams, 
 resins, aloes, turpentine, theriae, and olive oil. 
 Used in chaps of the skin and nipples. 
 Balsam, Friar's, Tinctura benzoini composita. 
 Balsam op Genevieve, (F.) Baume de Gene- 
 vieve. An ointment composed of wax, turpen- 
 tine, oil, red saunders, and camphor. Used in 
 contused wounds, gangrene, &c. 
 
 Balsam op Honey (Hill's). A tincture made 
 of tola, honeff (aa Ibj) and spirit (a gallon). A 
 pectoral, used in coughs. The committee of the 
 New York College of Pharmacy recommend the 
 following formula — (Gum Benzoin, ^v, Bah. 
 Tolut. ^}, Mellis Jviij, Alcohol. Oiij— "digest for 
 10 days and filter). See Mel. 
 
 Balsam of Horehound (Ford's). A tincture 
 of horehottnd, liquorice-root, camphor, opitim, 
 benzoin, dried squills, oil of aniseed, and honey. 
 It has the same properties as the above. See 
 Marrubium. 
 
 Balsam, Hungarian, see Pinus mughos. 
 Balsam, Hypnot'ic, Bal'samum Hypnot'icum, 
 (F.) Baume liypnotique. A preparation of which 
 opium, hyoscyamus, camphor, and some other 
 sedative substances, form the basis. It is used 
 externally in friction, to provoke sleep. 
 
 Balsam, Hyster'ic, Bal'samum Hyster'ieum, 
 (P.) Baume Hysterique. A preparation made of 
 opium, aloes, asafoetida, castor, distilled oils of 
 rue, amber, &,c. It is held to the nose, applied 
 
 to the navel, or rubbed on the hypogastrium in 
 hysterical cases. 
 
 Balsam, Indian, see Myroxylon peruiferum. 
 Balsam, Iod'uretted, Bal'samum ioduret'um, 
 (F.) Baume hydriodati, B. ioduri, Gelee contre 
 le goitre. A balsam used in the way of friction, 
 in goitre, at Lausanne, in Switzerland. It may 
 be made as follows — animal soap, 60 ; iodide of 
 potassitim, 42; alcohol at 85°, 500; essence of 
 lemon, 4 parts. The iodide is dissolved in the 
 alcohol, which is added to the soap melted in a 
 water-bath. The whole is then filtered, and put 
 into bottles. 
 
 Balsam of Leictoure, of Condom or Vince- 
 GUERE, Bal'samum Lectoren'se. A strongly sti 
 mulant and aromatic mixture of camphor, safi"ron, 
 musk, and ambergris, dissolved in essential oils. 
 The ancients burnt it for the purpose of purifying 
 the air of a chamber, when infected with a dis- 
 agreeable odour. 
 
 Balsam op Life of Hofp'mann, Bal'samum 
 VitoB Hoffman! ni, (F.) Baume de Vie d' Hoffmann. 
 A tincture, composed of essential oils and amber- 
 gris, emploj'ed internally and externally as a 
 stimulant. A mixture of essential oils without 
 alcohol constitutes the Saxon Balsam, Bal'samum 
 apoplec'ticum, B. aromat'icum, B. cephal'icum, B, 
 Saxon'ieum, B. nervi'num, B. ScHERZERI, B. Sto- 
 7nach'icum. Employed in friction as a stimulant. 
 
 Balsam of Life, Decoctum aloes compositum 
 — b. of Life, Turlington's, see Tinctura benzoini 
 composita. 
 
 Balsam of Locatel'li or Lucatel'li, Bal'- 
 samum Lueatel'li, (F.) Baume de Lucatel. A sort 
 of ointment, composed of wax, oil, turpentine, 
 sherry, and balsam of Peru, coloured with red 
 saunders. It was once administered in pulmo- 
 nary consumption. 
 
 Balsam of Mecca, see Amyris opobalsamum 
 — b. Mexican, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — b. 
 Natural, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
 
 Balsam, Green, op Metz, Bal'samum Vir'ide 
 Meten' sinm, B. Vir'ide, (F.) Baume vert de Metz, 
 Baume de Feuillet, Huile verte, O'leum ox'ydi 
 cupri vir'ide. This is composed of several fixed 
 oils, holding, in solution, subcarbonate of copper, 
 sulphate of zinc, turpentinp, aloes, and the es- 
 sential oils of cloves and juniper. It is green 
 and caustic, and is employed to hasten the cica- 
 trization of atonic ulcers. 
 
 Balsam, Nephrit'ic, op Fuller, Bal'samum 
 Nephrit'icum Fulleri. A liquid medicine. Com- 
 posed of oils, resins, and balsams, which have 
 experienced an incipient state of carbonization 
 from concentrated sulphuric acid. It was given 
 in the dose of 15 to 30 drops in certain affections 
 of the kidneys. 
 
 Balsam, Nervous, Bal'samum Nervi'num, 
 (¥.) Baume nervin ou nerval. A kind of oint- 
 ment, composed of fatty bodies, volatile oils, 
 balsam of Peru, camphor, &c. It is employed 
 in friction in cases of sprains and rheumatic 
 pains. 
 
 Balsam, Paralyt'ic, op Mynsicht. A sort 
 of liniment or soft mixture of the essential oils 
 of difi"erent aromatic plants, oils of turpentine 
 and amber. — Lemery. 
 
 Balsam op Parei'ra brava, Bal'samum Pa- 
 rei'rcB brava. A soft mixture of balsam, resin, 
 muriate of ammonia, and powder of the root of 
 Pareira brava. It is given internally, to excite 
 the urinary secretion. 
 
 Balsam, Peruvian, see Myroxylon Peruife- 
 rum — b. of Peru, red, see Toluifera balsamum — 
 b. of Peru, white, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
 
 Balsam op RACKAsi'RAor of Rakasi'ri. This 
 substance is of a yellowish-brown colour ; semi- 
 transparent; fragile, when dry, but softening by 
 heat; adhering to the teeth, when chewed. It 
 
BALSAMADENDRON 
 
 115 
 
 BAMBOO 
 
 has a smell similar to that of the Balsam of Tolu, 
 and is slightly bitter. It is brought from India 
 in gourd shells, and has been employed in dis- 
 eases of the urinary and genital organs, especially 
 in gunorrhoea. 
 
 BALSAjf, Riga. Prepared from the shoots of 
 the Scotch Fir, macerated in spirit of wine. In- 
 ternally, stimulant and diuretic ; externally, a 
 vulnerary. See Pinus Cembra, 
 
 Balsam of Saturv, Bal'aamum Sntur'ni. A 
 solution of acetate of lead in spirit of turpentine, 
 concentrated by evaporation ; to which camphor 
 has been added. This balsam was applied to 
 hasten the cicatrization of wounds. 
 
 Balsam op the Samar'itav, (F.) Baume du 
 Sfiniaritain. A sort of liniment, prepared by 
 boiling together, at a gentle heat, equal parts of 
 ■wine and oil. It is said to have been the oint- 
 ment used by the Samaritan of the Gospel to 
 cure a patient covered with ulcers. 
 
 Balsam, Saxon, Balsam of Life of Hoffmann. 
 Balsam of Sulphur, Bal'samum Snl'phuris, 
 (F.) Baume de Sou/re. A solution of sulphur in 
 oil. — B. sitlph. anisn'tum, (F.) B. de Sou/re anhe. 
 A solution of sulphur in essential oil of aniseed ; 
 given as a carminative. — B. Siilph. succina'tnm, 
 (F.) B. de Soiifre succitie. A solution of sulphur 
 in oil of amber. — B. Sidphnrts terehinthlna' turn. 
 Common Dutch Dropn, (F.) B. de Sou/re terebin- 
 thine. A solution of sulphur in essential oil of 
 turpentine, administered as a diuretic. — The Bal- 
 sam of Sulphur of Ruland is a solution of sul- 
 phur in linseed oil or nut oil. 
 
 Balsam of Sym'pathy, Balsamum Sympath'- 
 icum, (F.) Baume de Sympathie. A balsam, used 
 in the days when sympathetic influence was 
 strongly believed in. It was composed of the 
 raspings of a human skull, blood, and human fat, 
 and was applied to the instrument which had 
 inflicted the wound. 
 
 Balsam, Thibaut's. A tincture of myrrh, 
 aloes, dragon's blood, flowers of St. John's wort, 
 and Chio turpentine. Internally , diuretic ; exter- 
 nally, vulnerary. 
 
 Balsam of Tolu, see Toluifera Balsamum. 
 Balsam, Tranquil, Bal'samum tranquil'lum 
 ECU tranquil' lans, (F.) B. tranquUle. A liquid 
 medicine employed, externally, in the shape of 
 friction : it is prepared by macerating and boil- 
 ing, in olive oil, narcotic and poisonous plants, — 
 belladonna, mandragora, hyoscyamus, Ac. — and 
 afterwards infusing, in the filtered decoction, 
 different aromatic plants. It was employed as 
 an anodyne. 
 
 Balsam, Turkey, Dracocephalum Canariense 
 — b. Turlington's, see Tinctura Benzoini com- 
 posita. 
 
 Balsam of TuR'PENmrE, Dutch Drope, Bal'- 
 samum Terehin'ihin<B. Obtained by distilling 
 oil of turpentine in a glass retort, until a red 
 balsam is left. It possesses the properties of the 
 turpentines. 
 
 Balsam, Vervain's, Tinctura Benzoini com- 
 posita. 
 
 Balsam, Vul'nerary, op Mindere'rds, BaV- 
 samum vulnera'rium 3Iindere'ri, (F.) B. vulne- 
 raire de Minderer. A kind of liniment, com- 
 posed of turpentine, resin elemi, oil of St. John's 
 wort, and wax. Employed in friction, and as a 
 dressing to wounds. 
 
 Balsam Weed, Impatiens fulva. 
 Balsam Wound, Tinctura Benzoini eomposita. 
 BALSAMADENDRON GILEADENSE, 
 Amyris Gileadensis — b. Myrrha, see Myrrha. 
 
 BALSAMARIA INOPHYLLUM, see Fagara 
 octandra. 
 
 BALSAMEL^ON, Myroxylon Peniiferum. 
 BALSAM'IC, Baham'icus, (F.) Balsamique, 
 from fiaXcrajtov, 'balsam.' Possessing the quali- 
 
 ties of balsams. Balnamic odour: — a sweet, 
 faint, and slightly nauseous smell. Bahamio 
 substance: — one resembling the balsams in pro- 
 perty. 
 
 BALSAMIER ELEMIFERE, Amyris elemi- 
 fera — b. de la Mecque, Amyris opobalsamum. 
 BALSAMINA, Momordica balsamina. 
 BALSAiflNE, Momordica balsamina. 
 BALSAMIQUE, Balsamic. 
 BALSAMITA FCEMINEA, Achillea ageratura 
 — b. Major, Tanacetum balsamita — b. Mas, Ta- 
 nacetum balsamita. 
 
 Balsami'ta Suav'eolens, B. odora'ta seu 
 maris, Mentha Saracen'ica seu Roma'iia. Ord. 
 Compositae. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia 
 superflua. A plant, common in the south of 
 France, and cultivated in the gardens; where it 
 bears the names of Menthe coq ou romaine. Grand 
 baume, Baume coq ou Costiie des Jardi)is. Its 
 smell is strong and aromatic, and taste hot. It 
 is used for the same purposes as tansey, i. e. as a 
 stimulant, vermifuge, &c. 
 
 Balsamita Suaveolens, Tanacetum balsa- 
 mita — b. Vulgaris, Tanacetum balsamita. 
 
 BALSAMO-SACCHARUM, Elaeo-Saccharum. 
 BALSAMUM, see Balsam, Amyris opobalsa- 
 mum — b. .^gyptiacum, see Amyris opobalsamum 
 — b. Album, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — b. 
 Alpini, Dracocephalum Canariense — b. Alpini, 
 see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Anodynum, Lini- 
 mentum saponis et opii — b. Apopleetieum, Balsam 
 of life of Hoffmann — b. Aromaticum, Balt-am of 
 life of Hoffmann — b. Asiaticum, see Amyris opo- 
 balsamum — b. Braziliense, Copaiba — b. Calaba, 
 see Fagara octandra — b. Canadense, see Pinus 
 balsamea — b. Catholicum, Tinctura benzoini eom- 
 posita — b. Cephalicum, Balsam of life of Hoff- 
 mann — b. Copaibas, Copaiba — b. Genuinum anti- 
 quorum, see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Hyperici 
 simplex, see Hypericum perforatum — b. lodure- 
 tum. Balsam, ioduretted — b. Judaicum, see Amy- 
 ris opobalsamum — b. Libani, see Pinus cembra — 
 b. Mari«, see Fagara octandra — b. e Mecca, see 
 Amyris opobalsamum — b. Mercuriale, Unguen- 
 tum hydrargyri nitratis — b. Nervinum, Balsam 
 of life of Hoffmann — b. Nucist«, see Myristica — 
 b. Opodeldoc, Linimentum saponis camphoratum 
 b. Ophthalmicum rubrum, Unguentura hydrar- 
 gyri nitrico-oxydi — b. Persicum, Tinctura benzo- 
 ini eomposita — b. Peruvianum, see Myroxylon 
 Peruiferum — b. Saturninum, Unguentum plumbi 
 superacetatis — b. Scherzeri, Balsam of life of 
 Hoffmann — b. Stomachieum, Balsam of life of 
 Hoffmann — b. Styracis, Styrax — b. Styracis ben- 
 zoini, Benjamin — b. Succini, see Succinura — b. 
 Sulphuris Barbadense, Petroleum sulphuratum — 
 b. Sulphuris simplex, Oleum sulphuratum — b. 
 Syriacum, see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Toluta- 
 tanum, see Toluifera balsamum — b. Tranquillans 
 seu Tranquillum, Balsam, tranquil — b. Trauma- 
 ticum, Tinctura benzoini eomposita — b. Univer- 
 sale, Unguentum plumbi superacetatis — b. Viride, 
 Balsam, green, of Metz ; see Fagara octandra. 
 
 BALSAMUS, Balsam.— b. Palustris, Mentha 
 aquatica. 
 
 BALSEM, Amyris opobalsamum. 
 BAMBA, Bamboo. 
 BAMBALIA, Balbuties. 
 
 BAMBA'LIO, Bam'balo, Bala'tro, from ffa/t- 
 fiaiiw, ' I speak inarticulately.' One who stam- 
 mers or lisps, or utters ina,rticulate sounds. Ac- 
 cording to Krause, one who speaks as if he had 
 pap in his mouth, or as if his tongue were para- 
 lyzed. 
 
 BAMBOO, (F.) Bambou, Bamhti. Earn. Gra- 
 mineae. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. The 
 young shoots of Bambos arundina'cea, Arun'do 
 hambos, Bambu'sa arundina'cea, and of Bambot 
 verticilla'ta, contain a saccharine pith, of which 
 
BAMBOS AEUNDINACEA 116 
 
 BANDEA U 
 
 the people of both the Indies are very fond. 
 They are sometimes made into a pickle. 
 
 BAMBOS ARUNDINACEA, Bamboo — b. 
 Vertieillata, Bamboo. 
 
 BAMBTJSA ARUNDI2^ACEA, Bamboo. 
 
 BAMIX 3I0SCHATA, Hibiscus abelmoschns. 
 
 BAMMA, from (SarrToi, 'I plunge,' 'a paint; a 
 dye.' Anciently, liquids were so called, in which 
 certain bodies were plunged, to moisten or soften 
 them. In the case of tea, for instance, into which 
 bread is dipped, the tea would be the bamina. 
 
 BANANA, Musa sapientum. 
 
 BANANIER, Musa sapientum. 
 
 BAN AUSIA, Charlatanry. 
 
 BANG D'HIPPOCRATE, Bathron. 
 
 BANCAL, (F.) One who has deformed legs. 
 It includes the vcdgus, compemia, and varus, 
 which see. 
 
 BANCROCHE, (F.) A vulgar epithet for a 
 ricketv individual. 
 
 BAND, PRIMITIVE, see Nerve Fibre. 
 
 BAN'DAGE, Besma, Syndes'mus, Hypodes'- 
 mis, IJi/podesma, Hypodes'mus, (the last three 
 signify properly an under bandnge.) A binder, 
 from Sax. bindan, 'to bind.' This word, with 
 the French, is generally used to express the me- 
 thodical application of rollers, compresses, &c., 
 Bati'dagitig, Syn'deei's, to fix an apparatus upon 
 any part, — corresponding to the words delign'tio, 
 fascia'tio,fasrAa'rvm appUca'tio, epid'enis. With 
 us the noun is usually applied to the result of the 
 application, or to the bandage itself: — a sense in 
 which the French employ the word Bande. Ban- 
 dages are simple or cnmpound. The simple ban- 
 dage is equal, if the turns are applied circularly 
 above each other; unequal, if the turns are not 
 accurately applied upon each other. If each turn 
 of the bandage be only covered one-third, it 
 forms the doloire of the French ; if the edges 
 touch only slightly, it is the monsne ; if the turns 
 are verj' oblique and separated, it is the sjn'ral 
 or creeping, (F.) rampant; if folded upon each 
 other, it is termed the reversed, (F.) renverse. 
 By uniting various kinds of baiidaging, we have 
 the compound ; and these compound bandages 
 have received various names expressive of their 
 figure, or of the parts to which they are applied, 
 as capistrum, spica, <tc. Bandages are divided, 
 also, as regards their uses, into uniting, dividing, 
 retaining, expelling, compressing, &c. 
 
 Bandage on Roller, Fas'cia, Tm'nia, Epides'- 
 mns, Vin'cidum, the Bande of the French. It may 
 be made of linen, flannel, or other stuff capable 
 of offering a certain resistance. The two extre- 
 mities of a bandage are called tails, (F.) chefs, 
 and the rolled part is termed its head, (F.) globe. 
 If rolled at both extremities, it is called a. double- 
 headed roller or bandage, (F.) Bande d deux 
 globes. 
 
 BANDAGE 1 BANDELETTES SEPA- 
 REES, Bandage of separate strips. 
 
 Bandage, Body, Btanti'le, (F.) Bandage de 
 Corps, is used for fixing dressings, i-c, to the 
 trunk. It is formed of a towel, napkin, or some 
 large compress, folded three or four times ; the 
 extremities of which are fastened by pins. This 
 is again fixed by means of the scapulary bandage, 
 which is nothing more than an ordinary ban- 
 dage, stitched to the anterior and middle part 
 of the napkin, passing over the clavicles and 
 behind the head, to be attached to the back part 
 of the napkin. 
 
 Bandage, Compound, see Bandage. 
 
 Bandage. Compre.ssing, or Roller, Fascia 
 compressi'va ceu convolu'ta, (F.) Bandage com- 
 pressive on rotile, is the simple roller with one 
 head; and is employed in cases ofulcers, varices, 
 
 (fee., of the limbs. Whenever this roller is applied 
 to the lower part of the limbs, it is carried up- 
 wards by the doloire and reversed methods above 
 described. 
 
 Bandage, Compressite, see Bandage, com- 
 pressing — b. de Corps, see Bandage — b. Dividing, 
 see Bandage — 6. Divisif, Dividing bandage — b. 
 d dix-huit Chefs, Bandage, eighteen-tailed — b. en 
 Doloire, Doloire — b. Double-headed, see Band- 
 age. 
 
 Bandage, Eighteen-tailed, Fas'cia octod'- 
 ecim capit'ibns, (F.) Bandage d dix-huit chefs. 
 This bandage is made of a longitudinal portion 
 of a common roller; and with a suflBcient num- 
 ber of transverse pieces or tails, to cover as much 
 of the part as is requisite. It is a very useful 
 bandage, inasmuch as it can be undone without 
 disturbing the part. 
 
 Bandage, Expelling, see Bandage. 
 
 Bandage, Galen's, B. for the Poor, Fas'cia 
 Gale'ni sen Pau'perum, (F.) Bandage de Galieii 
 ou des Panvres, Ga'lea, is a kind of cncullus or 
 hood, (F.) Couvrechef, divided into three parts 
 on each side ; of which Galen has given a de- 
 scription. See Cancer Galeni. 
 
 Bant)AGE of Genga, Bandage of Theden — b. . 
 Hernial, see Truss — b. Immovable, Apparatus, 
 immovable. 
 
 Bandage, In'guinal, Fas'cia inguina'lia. A 
 bandage for keeping dressings applied to the 
 groin. It consists of a cincture, to which is at- 
 tached a triangular compress, adapted for cover- 
 ing the groin. To the lower extremity of this, 
 one or two bandages are attached, which pass 
 under the thigh, and are fixed to the posterior 
 part of the cincture. This bandage may be either 
 simile or double. 
 
 Other bandages will be found described under 
 their various names. 
 
 BANDAGE DES P AUTRE S, Bandage, 
 Galen's — b. Permanent, Apparatus, immovable — 
 b. of the Poor, see Bandage, Galen's, and Cancer 
 Galeni — b. Rampant, see Bandage — h. Renverse, 
 see Bandage — b. Roule, see Bandage — b. of Scul- 
 tetus. Bandage of separate strips. 
 
 Bandage of separate Strips, or B. op Scul- 
 te'tus, Fas'cia fasei'olis separa'tim dispos'itii 
 seu Sculte'ti, (F.) Bandage d bandeleites separees 
 ou de Scultet. This is formed of linen strips, 
 each capable of surrounding once and a half the 
 part to which they have to be applied, and placed 
 upon each other, so as to cover successively one- 
 third of their width. It is used chiefly for frac- 
 tures, requiring frequent dressing. 
 
 Bandage, Simple, see Bandage. 
 
 Bandage of Theden, B. of Genga. A band- 
 age employed, at times, in brachial aneurism, 
 which commences at the fingers, and extends to 
 the axilla. 
 
 Bandage, Under, Hypodesmis — b. Unequal, 
 see Bandage — b. Unissant, Uniting bandage — b. 
 Uniting, see Bandage, and Uniting bandage. 
 
 BANDAGING, see Bandage— b. Doctrine of, 
 Desmaturgia. 
 
 BAN'DAGIST, (F.) Bandagiste. One whose 
 business it is to make bandages, and especially 
 those for hernia. 
 
 BANDE, Bandage. The word Bande, in 
 anatomy, is used by the French for various nar- 
 row, flat, and elongated expansions. 
 
 BANDE A DEUX GLOBES, see Bandage. 
 
 BANDE B'HELTODORE, a kind of bandage 
 for supporting the mammae. 
 
 BANDEAU, (F.) A kind of simple bandage, 
 which consists of a piece of cloth, folded four 
 times, and applied round the head. There is 
 also the Bandeau ou 3Iouehoir en triangle or 
 
BANDELETTE 
 
 111 
 
 BARII CHLORIDUM 
 
 triangular bandage, a kind of couvrechef, made 
 of a square piece of cloth, or of a handkerchief, 
 folded diagonally, and applied round the head. 
 
 BANDELETTE, (F.) Diminutive of Bande 
 Fasciola, Tceniola, Vitta ; a narrow bandage, 
 stiip, or fillet. Also Taenia semicircularis. 
 
 BANDELETTES AGGLUTINATIVES. 
 Small strips, covered with a glutinous plaster. 
 Vitta aggliitinan'tes. See Agglutinant. 
 
 BANDELETTES DE COUPES, are strips 
 of linen, notched on one edge, and covered, on 
 one side, with ointment. They are applied to 
 wounds to prevent the lint from sticking, and the 
 laceration of the cicatrix. 
 
 BANDELETTE SEMICFRCULATRE, Tae- 
 nia semieirculiiris^S. des Comes d'ammon, Corpus 
 fimbriatum — b. des Eminences pyrlformes, T«nia 
 semicircularis — b. de V Hlppocampe, Corpora flm- 
 briata. 
 
 BANDURA, Nepentha destillatoria. 
 BANDY-LEGGED, Cnemoscoliosis. 
 BANBBERRY, Actaea spicata. 
 BANGUE, Bhang, Bang, Bangi or Beng, Sed- 
 Jiee, Siibjee. Adanson believes this to be the Ne- 
 penthes of the ancients. The largest leaves and 
 capsules without the stalks of Cau'nabis In'dica, 
 (F.) Chanvre Lidien, Indian hemp, probably iden- 
 tical with C. sativa. Family, Urticese. Sex. Syst. 
 Dioecia Pentandria. The leaves and flowers of 
 Cannabis are narcotic and astringent. They are 
 chewed and smoked. The seeds, mixed with 
 opium, areca, and sugar, produce a kind of intoxi- 
 cation, and are used for this purpose by the peo- 
 ple of India. An alcoholic extract of the plant, 
 Chitrrns — Extrac'tum Cau'nabis (Ph. U. S.) — has 
 been used in India, and since then in Europe and 
 in this country, as a narcotic arid anti-convulsive, 
 in the dose of from half a grain to ten or more. 
 It requires, however, great caution in its adminis- 
 stration. The pure resin — Cannabine, Haschis- 
 ohine — is active in the dose of two-thirds of a 
 grain. 
 
 The dried plant, which has flowered, and from 
 which the resin has not been removed, called 
 Gnnjah, Ganjah, Guaza, and Guazah, Ilaschisch, 
 Haschich, Hachisch, Hashish, or Chaschisch, of 
 the Arabs, consists of the tops and tender parts 
 only of the plant, collected immediately after in- 
 florescence, and simply dried. 
 BANICA. Pastinaca sativa. 
 BANILAS, Vanilla. 
 BANILLA, Vanilla. 
 BANILLOES, Vanilla. 
 
 BANISTE'RIA ANGULO'SA. This plant, 
 in Brazil and the Antilles, passes for a powerful 
 sudorific, and an antidote to the poison of ser- 
 pents. 
 
 BANKSIA ABYSSINICA, Hagenia Abyssi- 
 nica — b. Speciosa, Costus. 
 
 BANNIERES, MINERAL WATERS OP. 
 Bannieres is a village in Quercy, dioeess of Ca- 
 hors, France. The waters are probably chaly- 
 beate. They are celebrated in amenorrhoea, ca- 
 chexia, jaundice, &c. 
 
 BA'OBAB, Adanso'nia digita'ta, of Africa. 
 Nat. Ord. Bombaceae. One of the largest pro- 
 ductions of the vegetable kingdom. Its fruit is 
 called, in the country, Pain de singe. The pulp 
 is sourish, and agreeable to eat; and a refreshing 
 drink is made from it, which is used in fevers. 
 Prospero Alpini and Dr. L. Frank think that the 
 Terra Lemnia was prepared, in Egypt, from the 
 pulp. All the parts of the Baobab abound in 
 mucilage. The bark has been given as a substi- 
 tute for cinchona. 
 
 BAPTISIA LEUCANTHA, see Sophora tinc- 
 toria — b. Tinctoria, Sophora tinctoria. 
 BAPTISTERIUM, Baignoire. 
 
 BAPTORRHCRA, see Gonorrhrea. 
 BARAQUETTE (¥.). A name given by Ra- 
 sous, physician at Nismes, in France, to a catar- 
 rhal epidemy, which occurred there in 1761. See 
 Influenza. 
 
 BARATIIRON, Juniperus sabina. 
 BARATHRUM, Antrum. 
 
 BARBA, Beard — b. Aaronis, Arum maculatura 
 — b. Caprae, Spiraea ulmaria — b. Hirci, Tragopo- 
 gon — b. Jovis, Sempervivum tectorum. 
 
 BARBADOES, see West Indies — b. Leg, see 
 Elephantiasis. 
 
 BARBAREA, Erysimum barbarca — b. Stricta, 
 Erysimum barbarea. 
 
 BARBAROS'S^ PIL'UL^, Barlaros'sa's 
 Pills. An ancient composition of quicksilver, 
 rhubarb, diagridium, musk, <4,c. It was the first 
 internal mercurial medicine which obtained any 
 real credit. 
 
 BARDE, Beard — b. de Bone, Tragopogon. 
 BARBEAU, Centaurea cyanus, Cyanus sege- 
 tum. 
 
 BARBER-CHIRUR'GEONS. A Corporation 
 of London, instituted by King Edward IV. The 
 barbers were separated from the surgeons, by 18 
 Geo. II., c. 15; and the latter were erected into a 
 Royal College of Snrgtons at the commencement 
 of the present century. 
 
 BARBERS, ARMY, see Bathers. 
 BARBERIB, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These mineral waters are half a league from 
 Nantes. They contain carbonic acid, chlorides 
 of magnesium and sodium, sulphiite of magnesia, 
 carbonates of magnesia, lime, and iron. They are 
 used as chalj'beates. 
 
 BARBERRY, Oxycantha Galeni— b. Ameri- 
 can, see Oxycantha Galeni. 
 
 BARBIERS. A variety of paralysis chiefly 
 prevalent in India; and by many considered to 
 be the same as Beriberi. Beriberi is commonly 
 an acute disease. Barbiers is generally chronic. 
 BARBITIUM, Beard. 
 BAR-BONE, Pubis, os. 
 BARBOTINE, Artemisia Santonica. 
 BARBULA CAPRINA, Spiraea ulmaria. 
 BARCLAY'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS, Pilulse 
 a.ntibiliosae. 
 
 BARDADIA, Pound. 
 
 BARDANA, Arctium lappa — b. Minor, Xan- 
 thium. 
 
 BARDANE PETITE, Xanthiura. 
 BAREGES, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Bareges is a village in the department of Hautes 
 Pyrenees, near which are several springs. They 
 are sulphureous and thermal, the heat varying 
 from 85° to 112° Fahrenheit. They contain chlo- 
 rides of magnesium and sodium, sulphates of mag- 
 nesia and lime, carbonate of lime, sulphur, <fec. 
 These springs have long enjoyed a high reputa- 
 tion, and are daily advised in cutaneous and 
 scrofulous afi'ections, <fec. A nitrogenized matter 
 was first found in these waters, and afterwards in 
 other sulphureous springs, to which Longchamp 
 gave the name Baregine. 
 
 Factitious Bareges Water, Aqua Baregi- 
 nen'sis seu Baretginen'sis, (F.) Eau de Bareges, 
 is made by aAdmghydrosnlphurettedicater,i'^\y, 
 to pure wflfe;-, f^^xvijss, carbonate of sod a , gr. xvj, 
 chloride of sodium, gr. ss. Bottle closely. 
 BAREGINE, see Bareges. 
 BARGADA, Convolvulus pes caprse. 
 BARGOU. An alimentary preparation formed 
 of ground oats, boiled to aproper consistence with 
 water. 
 
 BARIGLIA, Soda. 
 
 BARII CHLORIDUM, Baryta, muriate of— 
 b. lodidum, Baryta, hydriodate of. 
 
BARILLA 
 
 118 
 
 BARYTA 
 
 BARILLA, Soda — b. Alicant, Soda — b. Car- 
 thagena, Soda — b. Turkey, Soda. 
 
 BARILLOR, Soda. 
 
 BA'RIUM, Ba'ryum, Baryt'ium, Phifo'niuvi, 
 from Papvs, 'heavy.' The metallic base of ba- 
 ryta, so called from the great density of its com- 
 pounds. 
 
 BARinr, Chloride of. Baryta, muriate of — 
 h. Chlorure de, Baryta, muriate of — b. lodatum, 
 and Iodide of, Baryta, hydriodate of — b. Protox- 
 ide of, Baryta. 
 
 BARK, Cinchona — b. Arica, see Cinchonae cor- 
 difolite cortex — b. Ash, see Cinchona — b. Bitter, 
 Pinckneya pubens — b. Bogota, see Cinchona — b. 
 Calisaya, Cinchonae cordifolise cortex — b. Cali- 
 saya, spurious, see Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex — 
 b. Carabaya, see Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex — b. 
 Caribsean, Cinchonae Caribajse cortex — b. Cartha- 
 gena, see Cinchona — b. Coquetta, see Cinchona 
 
 — b. Crown, Cinchonae lancifoliae cortex — b. 
 Cusco, see Cinchonae cordifolise cortex — b. 
 Doom, Sassy-bark — b. Elk, Magnolia glauca — b. 
 Essential salt of, see Cinchona — b. Florida, 
 Pinckneya pubens — b. Fusagasuga, see Cinchona 
 
 — b. Georgia, Pinckneya pubens — b. Gray, see 
 Cinchona — b. Huamilies, see Cinchona — b. Hua- 
 nuco, see Cinchona — b. Indian, Magnolia glauca 
 
 — b. Iron, see Kino — b. Jesuit's, Cinchona — b. 
 Jaen, see Cinchona — b. Lima, see Cinchona — b. 
 Loxa, Cinchonae lancifoliae cortex — b. Pale, Cin- 
 chonae lancifoliae cortex — b. Maraeaybo, see Cin- 
 chona — b. Ordeal, Sassy-bark — b. Peruvian, Cin- 
 chona — b. Pitaya, CinchonEe Caribaeae cortex, see 
 Cinchona — b. Red, Cinchonae oblongifoliae cortex 
 — b. Royal, Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex — b. of St. 
 Ann, see Cinchonae cordifoliffi cortex — b. Saint 
 Lucia, Cinchonae Caribaeae cortex — b. Santa Mar- 
 tha, see Cinchona — b. Sassy, Sassj'-bark — b. 
 Seven, Hydrangea arborescens — b. Silver, see 
 Cinchona — b. Yellow, Cinchonse cordifoliae cortex. 
 
 BARLERIA BUXIFOLIA, Cara schuUi. 
 
 BARLEY-BREE, Cerevisia. 
 
 Barlet-Coen, Cerevisia. 
 
 Barley, Pearl, see Hordeum — b. Scotch, 
 Hordeum 
 
 Barley-Water, Decoctum hordei. 
 
 BARM, Yest. 
 
 BARN, Infans. 
 
 BARNET, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bamet 
 is not far from London. The water is of a purg- 
 ing quality, like that of Epsom, and about half 
 the strength. 
 
 BAROMACROM'ETER, PcBdohnromacrom'- 
 eter, Pasdom'eter, from jiapos, ' weight,' jiaKpo;, 
 'long,' and fitrpov, 'measure.' An instrument 
 invented by Stein to indicate the length and 
 weight of a new-born infant. 
 
 BAROM'ETER, Baroscop'iuvi, Ba'roseope, 
 from fiapog, 'weight,' and titrpov, 'measure.' (F.) 
 Barometre, An instrument which measures the 
 weight of the air. A certain degree of density 
 in this medium is necessary for health. AVhen 
 we ascend high mountains, great inconvenience 
 is experienced, owing to the diminished density. 
 Changes of this character are indicated by the 
 Barometer or weather-glass. 
 
 BA'ROS, jSapo;, 'heaviness.' Employed by the 
 Greek physicians to designate the feeling of las- 
 situde and heaviness observable in many diseases. 
 — Hippocrates. Galen. 
 
 BAROSCOPE. Barometer. 
 
 BAROSMA CRENATA, Diosma crenata. 
 
 BAROTE, Baryta. 
 
 BAROTES SALITUS, Baryta, muriate of. 
 
 BARRAS, see Pinus svlvestris. 
 
 BARRE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Barre is 
 a small town, six leagues from Strasburg. The 
 waters are thermal, and contain much iron, cal- 
 careous salt, .fee. They are diuretic and tonic. 
 
 BARRE (F.),Barrure, Vara, 'a bar.' A pro- 
 jection or prolongation of the symphysis pubis > 
 — a deformity rendering delivery difficult. 
 
 BARREE (F.). A term applied, in France, to 
 a female whose pelvis has the deformity described 
 under Barre. 
 
 BARRES (DENTS,), Barred Teeth. The 
 molar teeth, when the roots are spread or tortu- 
 ous, so that they cannot be extracted without 
 being broken ; or without a portion of the alveo- 
 lar arch being removed. 
 
 BARREL OF THE EAR, Tympanum. 
 
 BARREN, Sterile. 
 
 BARRENNESS, Sterilitas. 
 
 BARROS, Terra Portugallica. 
 
 BARR URE, Barre. 
 
 BARTON'S FRACTURE, see Fracture of the 
 Radius, Barton's. 
 
 BARYCOCCALON, Datura stramonium. 
 
 BARYCOITA, Baryecoia. 
 
 BARYECOI'A, Barycoi'ta, Bradyecoi'n, Pa- 
 racu'sia obtu'sa, Disecoi'a, Dynecie'a, Audi'tus 
 dijfic'ilis, A. grauis, A. imminu'tus, Ohundi'tio, 
 Obatidi'tus, Hyjuocopho' sis, Hypochyro'tfis, (F.) 
 Dnrete d' Oreille, Uysecee, from jiapvi, 'heavy,' 
 and oKorj, 'hearing.' Hardness of hearing, in- 
 complete deafness. See Cophosis, and Deafness. 
 
 BARYGLOSSIA, Balbuties, Baryphonia. 
 
 BARYI HYDRAS lODATL Baryta, hydrio- 
 date of. 
 
 BARYLALIA.Baryphonia. 
 
 BARYOD'YNE, from Papvs, 'heavy,' and oSwr), 
 'pain.' A dull, heavy pain. 
 
 BARYPHO'NIA, Baryglos'si-, Baryhi'Ua, Lo- 
 que'la impedi'ta, from ^apvs, 'heavy,' and ^tavri, 
 'voice.' Difficulty of voice or speech. 
 
 BARYPICRON, Artemisia abrotanuin. 
 
 BARYSOMATIA, Polysarcia adiposa. 
 
 BARYSOMATICA, Polysarcia adiposa. 
 
 BARY^'TA, from fiapv^, 'heavy,' ^apv-njs, 
 'weight.' Terra pondero'sa, Bary'tes, Protox'- 
 ide of Ba'riitm, Heavy Earth, Ponderous Earth, 
 (F.) Baryte, Barote, Terre pesante. This earth 
 and its soluble salts are all highly corrosive poi- 
 sons. It is never employed in medicine in the 
 pure state. When externally applied, it is cans- 
 tie, like potassa and soda. 
 
 Bary'ta, Carbosate of, Baryta Car'bonas, 
 (Ph. U.S.), (F.) Carbonate de Baryte, Craie baro- 
 tique, is only used officinally to obtain the mu- 
 riate. 
 
 Baryta, Hydri'odate of. Baryta Hydri'odas, 
 Baryta Hydriod'ica, Hydras Baryi loda'ti : — 
 (in the dry state. Iodide of Barium, Barii lod'- 
 idum, Ba'rium loda'tum.) has been given in scro- 
 fulous and similar morbid conditions. It may 
 be administered internally in the dose of one- 
 eighth of a grain three or four times a day, and 
 be applied externally to scrofulous swellings, in 
 the form of ointment, (gr. iv to ^j of lard.) 
 
 Baryta Hydriodica, Baryta, hydriodate of. 
 
 Baryta, Mu'riate or Hydrochlorate of, 
 Bary'ta mii'rias, Chlo'ride of Ba'rium, Ba'rii 
 Chlo'ridum (Ph. U. S.), Chlo'rriref of Ba'rium, 
 Terra pondero'sa sali'ta seu muria'ta, Sal mnri- 
 at'icnm barot'icum, Baro'tes sali'tus, (F.) Chlo- 
 rure de barium, is the combination chiefly used. 
 The Muriate of Baryta may be formed as follows : 
 Baryt. Carbon, in frustulis, Ibj ; Acid. Murint. 
 f^xij ; Aqua Oiij. Mix the acid with the water, 
 and gradually add the Carbonate of Baryta. To- 
 ward the close of the effervescence, apply a gentle 
 heat, and, when the action has ceased, filter the 
 liquor, and boil it down so that Crystals may form 
 as it cools. — Ph. U. S. 
 
 It is given in the form of the Sohi'tio Ifuria'tis 
 Baryta, Liquor Barii Chlo'ridi, Ph. U. S., Aqua 
 baryta mnria'tis, (F.) Solution de Muriate de 
 
BARYTE 
 
 1 19 
 
 BASSIA BUTYRACEA 
 
 Baryte, {Ihiriate of Baryta, one part; distilled 
 water, ttiree parts,) and is employed in scrofulous 
 case?, worms, and cutaneous diseases. Exter- 
 nally, to fungous ulcers and to specks on the 
 cornea. 
 
 Baryta, Sulphate op, Baryta suljyhas, (F.) 
 Sulfate de Baryte, is used in pharmacy, like the 
 carbonate, to obtain the chloride of barium. 
 
 BARYTiE Carbonas, Baryta, carbonate of — b. 
 Hydriodas, Baryta, hydriodate of — b. Murias, 
 Baryta, muriate of — b. sulphas, Baryta, sulphate 
 of. 
 
 BARYTE, Baryta— 6. Carbonate de, Baryta, 
 carbonate of — b. sulfate de. Baryta, sulphate of. 
 
 JBARYTHMIA, Melancholy. 
 
 BARYTIUM, Barium. 
 
 BARYUM, Barium. 
 
 BAS-FOND, see Urinary Bladder. 
 
 BAS-LAS3E, Stocking, laced. 
 
 B AS- VENTRE, Abdomen. 
 
 BASAAL. The name of an Indian tree, the 
 decoction of whose leaves, in water, with ginger, 
 is used as a gargle in diseases of the fauces. The 
 kernels of the fruit are vermifuge. 
 
 BASANASTRA'GALA, from ^aeravof, 'torture,' 
 and affrpayaAoj, 'the astragalus.' Pain in the ankle 
 joint; gout in the foot. 
 
 BASANIS'MOS, from ffacavi^uv, 'to explore.' 
 'A touch-stone.' Investigation or examination. 
 — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 BASE, Basis, from ^aivai, '1 proceed,' ' I rest,' 
 'I support myself.' That which serves as a foun- 
 dation or support. That which enters, as a prin- 
 cipal matter, into a mixture or combination. In 
 anatomy, it is employed in the former sense, as 
 Base of the Cranium, Base of the Brain — Basis 
 seu Pavimen'tum cere'bri ; Base of a 2}>'ocess, &c.. 
 Base of the heart — Basis vel coro'na cordis. In 
 dentistry, it means a metallic, ivory, or hippopo- 
 tamus plate, which is used as a support for arti- 
 ficial teeth. In the art of prescribing. Basis is 
 the chief substance which enters into a compound 
 formula. 
 
 BASE-BORX, Illegitimate. 
 
 BASEMENT MEMBRAjS^E, see Membrane, 
 basement. 
 
 BASIATIO, Coition. 
 ■ BASIATOR, Orbicularis oris. 
 
 BASIL, BUSH, Ocymum caryophyllatum — b. 
 Citron, Ocymum basilicum — b. Common, Ocy- 
 mum basilicum — b. Small, Ocymum caryophyl- 
 latum — b. Wild, Chenopodium vulgare — b. Wild, 
 Cunila mariana — b. Wild, Pycnanthemum in- 
 canum. 
 
 BxiSILAD, see Basilar Aspect. 
 
 BAS'ILAR, Basila'ris, Bas'ilary, (F.) Basi- 
 laire. That which belongs to the base, from 
 fiaatg, 'base.' This name has been given to seve- 
 ral parts, which seem to serve as basis to others. 
 The sacrum and sphenoid have been so called. 
 
 Basilar Artery, A, basila'ris seu cervica'lis, 
 (F.) Artere ou Tronc basilaire, A. mesocephalique 
 (Ch.) The union of the two vertebral arteries. 
 It ascends along the middle groove on the infe- 
 rior surface of the tuber, and is supported, be- 
 neath, by the Fossa basilaris. It terminates in 
 the posterior cerebral arteries. 
 
 Basilar Aspect. An aspect towards the base 
 of the head. — Barclay. Basilad is used adverb- 
 ially by the same writer to signify 'towards the 
 basilar aspect.' 
 
 Basilar Fossa, (F.) Gouttilre ou Fosse basi- 
 laire, is the upper surface of the basilaj-y process, 
 — so called because it is channeled like a Fossa 
 or Gutter. The Tuber annulare rests upon it. 
 
 Basilar Process, Proces'sus basila'ris ossis 
 oecip'itis seu cuneifor' mis ossis occip'itis, (F.) 
 A-pophyse Basilaire, Prolonyement sous-occipital, 
 Cu'neiform Process, is the bony projection, formed 
 
 by the inferior angle of the os occipitis, which ia 
 articulated with the sphenoid. 
 
 Basilar Sinus, Sinus transversus. 
 
 Basilar Surface, (F.) Surface basilaire, is 
 the inferior surface of the process. It is covered 
 by the mucous membrane of the pharynx. 
 
 Basilar Vertebra. The last vertebra of the 
 loins. 
 
 BASIL'IC, Basil'icus, (F.) Basilique, from 
 (SaaiXtKog, 'royal.' This name was given, by the 
 ancients, to parts which they conceived to play 
 an important part in the animal economy. 
 
 Basilic Vein, Vena basil' ica seu cu'biti inte'- 
 rior, (F.) Veine Basilique, Veine cubitale cuta- 
 vee of Chaussier. This vein is one of those on 
 which the operation of bloodletting is performed. 
 It is situate at the internal part of the fold of the 
 elbow, in front of the humeral artery, and is 
 formed by the anterior and posterior cubital 
 veins, and by the median basilic. It terminates, 
 in the arm-pit, in the axillary vein. The an- 
 cients thought, that the basilic of the right arm 
 had some connexion with the liver, and hence 
 they called it hepatic. The vein of the left arm, 
 for a similar reason, they called splenic. The 
 jIFedian Basilic Vein, (F.) Veine mediane basi- 
 lique, is one of the branches of the preceding 
 vein. It joins the median cephalic at an acute 
 angle, or rather by a transverse branch, and re- 
 ceives some branches of the deep radial and cu- 
 bital veins, and a considerable subcutaneous vein 
 — the common median. 
 
 BASILIC CO MM UN, Ocymum basilicum— 6. 
 Sauvaqe, grand, Chenopodium vulgare. 
 
 BASIL'ICON, Basil' icura. 'Royal,' or of 
 great virtue. An ointment, composed of yellow 
 wax, black pitch, and resin, of each one part, 
 olive oil, four parts. Hence it was called Un- 
 guen'tum Tetraphar'macum, [TZTparjiapjiaKa, 'four 
 drugs.') — Celsus. Scribonius Largus. 
 
 Basilicon, Basilicum, of the Parisian Codex, 
 is the Onguent de Poix et de Cire. In most Phar- 
 macopoeias, it is represented by the Unguen'tum 
 or Cera'tum Resi'nce. It is used as a stimulating 
 ointment. See Ceratum Resinse, and Unguen- 
 tum Resinse Nigrae. 
 
 BASILICUM, Basilicon, Ocymum Basilicum 
 — b. Citratum, Ocymum basilicum — b. Majus, 
 Ocymum basilicum. 
 
 BASILIQUE, Basilic. 
 
 BASILISCUS, Syphilis. 
 
 BASIO-CERATO-CHONDRO-GLOSSUS, 
 Hyoglossus. 
 
 BASIO-CER'ATO-GLOSSUS, from (iaci;, 
 'base,' Kepag, 'cornu,'and yXuaaa, 'tongue.' A 
 nanue given to a part of the hyoglossus, which is 
 inserted into the cornu of the os hyoides and base 
 of the tongue. 
 
 BASIOCES'TRUM, from fiaaig, 'the base,' 
 and Kcarpa, 'a dart.' An instrument for opening 
 the head of the foetus in utero, invented by Mes- 
 ler, a German. 
 
 BA'SIO-GLOS'SUS, Hypseloglos'sus, Hyoba- 
 sioglossus, Ypseloglos'sus, from ffaai;, 'base,' and 
 ■y\wa<Ta, ' the tongue.' A name formerly given to 
 the portion of the hyoglossus which is inserted 
 into the base of the os hyoides. — Riolan, Thomas 
 Bartholine. See Lingual Muscle. 
 
 BASIO PHARYNG^'US, from ffaais, 'base,' 
 and (jiapvy^, 'the pharynx.' A name given tc 
 some fibres of the constrictor pharyngis medius. 
 — Winslow. 
 
 BASIS, see Prescription — b. Cerebri, Base of 
 the Brain — b. Cordis, Radix cordis — b. Corporis, 
 Sole. 
 
 BASSI-COL'ICA. Name of a medicine com- 
 posed of aromatics and honey. — Scribonius 
 Largus. 
 
 BASSIA BUTYRACEA, see Spirit, (Arrack.^ 
 
B AS SIN 
 
 120 
 
 BATH 
 
 BASSIN, Pelvis— 6. Oeulaire, Scaphium ocu- 
 ]are. 
 
 BASSINER, Fove're, to foment. 
 BASSINET, Pelvis of the kidney, Ranunculus 
 bulbo?us. 
 
 BAS'SORA, GUJL A gum, obtained from a 
 plant unknown, which came originally from the 
 neighbourhood of Bassora, on the Gulf of Per- 
 sia, whence its name. It is in irregularly shaped 
 pieces, white or yellow, and intermediate in its 
 transparency between gum Arabic and gum tra- 
 gacanth. Only a small portion is soluble in 
 water. The insoluble portion is a peculiar prin- 
 ciple, called Bassorin. It is not used in medi- 
 cine ; but bassorin enters into the composition of 
 several substances. 
 
 BASSORIN, see Bassora gum. 
 BASSWOOD, Tilia Americana. 
 BASTARD, Illegitimate. 
 BATA, Musa Paradisiaca. 
 BATATA DE PURGA. The Brasilian and 
 commercial name of the purgative, feculent, and 
 gum-resinous roots of two plants of the family 
 Convolvulaceae, the one called Jeticucu, Jlechoa- 
 can, Convol'vulus mechoacan'na, the Pijitoste'gia 
 Piso'iiis of Von Martins; the other Convol'vulus 
 opercula'tus, the Ipomm'a seu Pijjtoate'yia oper- 
 eula'ta of Von Martius. 
 
 BATA'TAS. The inhabitants of Peru gave 
 this appellation to several tuberous roots, espe- 
 cially to Convolvulus Batatas or Siceet Potato. 
 Our word. Potato, comes from this. See Solanum 
 tuberosum. 
 
 BATEMAN'S PECTORAL DROPS, see Pec- 
 toral Drops, Bateman's. 
 BATERION, Bathron. 
 
 BATES'S ALUM WATER, Liquor aluminis 
 compositus — b. Anodyne Balsam, Linimentum 
 saponis et opii — b. Camphorated Water, Lotion, 
 camphorated, of Bates — b. Collyrium, see Lotion, 
 camphorated, of Bates. 
 
 BATH, Anglo-Saxon baS, Bal'neum, Bala- 
 ne'um, Baline'um, Loutron, (Old Eng.) Baine, 
 (P.) Bain. Immersion, or staj^ for a longer or 
 shorter duration, of the whole or a part of the 
 body, in some medium, as water. Act of plung- 
 ing into a liquid, sand, or other substance, in 
 which it is the custom to bathe. Plunge Bath. 
 Also, the vessel in which the water is put for 
 bathing. Also, a public or private establishment 
 for bathing. The common water-bath, used for 
 hygienic as well as for therapeutical purposes, is 
 the Bain simple ou hijgienique of the French. 
 
 In Pharmacy, a vessel, placed over a fire, and 
 filled with any substance, into which another 
 vessel is placed, containing matters for digestion, 
 evaporation, or distillation. 
 
 Bath, Acid, Bal'neum ac''idum (Acid, mnriat. 
 Ibij ; Aqum cong. Ixvi. One half, one third, or 
 one fourth the quantity of acid is more frequently 
 employed.) 
 
 Bath, Acid, Scott's, see Scott's Acid Bath — 
 b. Air, hot, see Bath, hot — b. Air, warm, see 
 Bath, hot. 
 
 Bath, Ah'KAi.mE, Bal'neum alkali'nnm. This 
 may be made of half a pound or a pound of pearl- 
 ash or of carbonate of soda, to sixty-six gallons 
 of water. 
 
 Bath, An'imal, Balneum anima'le, consists in 
 wrapping an animal recently killed, or its skin, 
 around the body, or some part of it. 
 
 Bath, Axtipsor'ic, Bal'neum antipso'rietim. 
 Recommended in cases of itch and other cuta- 
 neous diseases. [Potass, sulphuret. ,^iv, AqucB 
 cong. Ix.) 
 
 Bath, Antistphilit'ic, Bal'neum antisyphilit' - 
 icum, Mercu' rial bath. Made by dissolving from 
 two drachms to an ounce of the corrosive chloride 
 of mercury in sixty gallons of water. 
 
 Bath, Arm, Brachilu'vium. A bath for the arm. 
 Bath, Cold, see Bath, hot — b. Cool, see Bath, 
 hot. 
 
 Bath, Dry, is one made of ashes, salt, sand, 
 &c. The ancients used these frequently for the- 
 rapeutical purposes. 
 
 Bath, Earth, Arenatio. 
 
 Bath, Elec'tric, (F.) Bain electrique, consists 
 in placing the person upon an insulated stool, 
 communicating, by a metallic wire, with the 
 principal conductor of the electrical machine in 
 action. The Electric Bath produces general ex- 
 citement of all the functions, and especially of 
 the circulation and secretions. 
 
 Bath, Foot, Pedilu'vium, (F.) Bain de Pied, 
 a bath for the feet. 
 
 Bath, Gelat'ixous, Bal'neum gelatino' sum . 
 Made by dissolving two pounds of gelatin or glue 
 in a gallon oi water. A gelatino-sulphurous bath 
 may be made by adding a pound of glue, previ- 
 ously dissolved in water, to the sulphur bath. 
 
 Bath, General, (F.) Bain Entier, is one in 
 which the whole body is plunged, except the 
 head; in contradistinction to the partial bath, 
 Jlerobalane' um, MerobaV neum. 
 
 Bath, Half, Semieu'pium, Exeathis'ma, In- 
 ces'sio, Inces'sus, is one adapted for half the body. 
 One, for receiving only the hips or extremities, is 
 also so called. 
 
 The Sitz-balh, (G.) Sitzbad, of the hydropa- 
 thists is a tub of cold water, in which the patient 
 sits for a variable period. 
 
 Bath, Hand, Mamdu'vium, (F.) Bai7i de 3Iain 
 ou Mnnuluve, is a bath for the hands. 
 
 Bath, Head, Capitilu'vium, (F.) Bain de Tete 
 ou Capiitiluve, a bath for the head. 
 
 Bath, Hip, Coxcehi'vium, (F.) Bain de Fau- 
 teuil, Bain de Siege, is one in which the lower 
 part of the trunk and upper part of the thighs 
 are immersed. 
 
 Bath, Hot, Balneum Cal'idum, Zestolu'sia, 
 (F.) Bain chaud, is a bath, the temperature of 
 which is 98° and upwards; the Warm Bath 
 from 92° to 98°; the Tepid Bath, (F.) Bain 
 Tiede, Balneum tep'idum. from 85° to 92° ; the 
 Temperate Bath, (F.) Bain tempere, from 75° 
 to 85°; the Cool Bath, (F.) Bain frais, from 
 60° to 75° ; the Cold Bath, Balneum frig'idnm, 
 Frigida'rium, (F.) Bain froid. Bain tres froid, 
 (of some,) from 30° to 60° ; and the Vapour 
 Bath, Balneum vapo'ris, (F.) Bain de Yapeur, 
 Etuve Humide, from 100° to 130°, and upwards. 
 See Vaporarium. A Warm Air Bath, or Hot 
 Air Bath, consists of air the temperature of 
 which is raised. 
 
 Bath, Med'icated, Balneum Medlca'tiim, (F.) 
 Bain medicinal, is a bath, formed of decoctions 
 or infusions of vegetable substances, or of any 
 ingredient, introduced into the water for thera- 
 peutical purposes. 
 
 Bath, Mercurial, Bath, antisyphilitic — b. 
 Nitro-muriatic acid, Scott's acid batli — b. Plunge, 
 see Bath. 
 
 Bath, Sand, Balneum Are'nce, (F.) Bain de 
 Sable, consists of a vessel filled with sand, and 
 placed over the fire. Into this vessel, the one is 
 put which contains the substance to be evapo- 
 rated. See Psammismus. 
 
 Bath, Sea, Balneum mari'num, (F.) Bain de 
 mer. A sea-water bath. 
 
 Bath, Shower, Implu'vium, Hydroco'nium, is 
 one in which the water is made to fall like a 
 shower on the body. See Douche. 
 Bath, Sitz, see Bath, half. 
 Bath, Steam, may be formed by introducing 
 steam into a properly closed vessel in place of 
 water, as in the water bath. 
 
 Bath, Succes'sion, Transit"ion bath. A term 
 
BATH 
 
 121 
 
 CAURAC 
 
 applied to the rapid succession or transition from 
 a cold to a warm or hot bath, or conversely. — 
 Bell. 
 
 Bath, Suxphur, Bal'neum Sulph'uris, Snlpkii- 
 rett'ed bath. A bath much used in psora, and 
 other chronic cutaneous affections. It ma}' be 
 composed of two ounces of diluted sulphuric acid, 
 and eight ounces of sulphuret of potassium added 
 to each bath; or simply of the sulphuret of po- 
 tassium. 
 
 Bath, Sulphur Vapour, see Sulphurous Acid. 
 
 Bath, Tan. An astringent bath, prepared, at 
 times, by boiling two or three handfuls of ground 
 oak-bark, — such as is used by tanners — in two 
 or three quarts of water, for half an hour, and 
 then adding the decoction to the water of the 
 bath. 
 
 Bath, Temperate, see Bath, hot — b. Tepid, 
 see Bath, hot — b. Transition, Bath, succession — 
 b. Vapour, see Bath, hot, and Vaporarium — b. 
 Warm, see Bath, hot. 
 
 Bath, Water, Balneum Ifar'icB sou Maris, 
 (E.) Bain Marie, in chemistry, consists of a ves- 
 sel filled with boiling water, or salt water, in 
 which the vessel is placed, that contains the sub- 
 stance to be evaporated. 
 
 Bathing is much employed in the treatment of 
 disease. The cold bath, especially the cold sea 
 bath, is a sedative and indirect tonic : the warm 
 bath a relaxant; and the hot bath a stimulant. 
 
 The regular use of the bath is extremely con- 
 ducive to health ; but if too much indulged in, it 
 is apt to produce injurious effects. 
 
 BATH ALUM SPRINGS, see Virginia, 
 Mineral Waters of. 
 
 BATH, MINERAL WATERS OF, Aqua 
 Batho'nicB vel BncViza, Aqua Solis, Aqua Bad'- 
 iffua. Celebrated thermal springs at Bath, in 
 England. They contain but little impregnation, 
 and are chiefly indebted to their temperature, 
 from 112° to 117° Fahrenheit, for their utility. 
 The main ingredients are sulphate of lime, chlo- 
 ride of sodium, sulphate of soda, carbonate of 
 lime, protoxide of iron, free carbonic acid and 
 azote. 
 
 These waters are employed in the most hete- 
 rogeneous cases; and are serviceable where the 
 simple thermal springs are indicated, as in rheu- 
 matism, paralysis, <tc. 
 
 BATH SPRINGS, in Berkley County, Vir- 
 ginia, is a mild carbonated water : temperature 
 73° Fahr. It is a useful bath in cutaneous affec- 
 tions, and is said to contain some of the salts of 
 lime and magnesia. 
 
 BA'TIIER, same etymon; Balnea'rius, Boli- 
 nea'tor, Balnea'tor, (P.) Baigneur. One who 
 bathes. Anciently, the name was given to those 
 that administered baths to the diseased, — the 
 Etuvistea of the French. At the present day, in 
 remote districts in Germany, the country people 
 call their medical practitioners Bader or 'bath- 
 men,' and Feldsch eeren or 'army barbers.' 
 
 BATHING, see Bath. 
 
 BATHMIS, Bathmus, 'base, support.' The 
 cavity of a bone, which receives the eminence of 
 another; and especially the two Fossettes at the 
 inferior extremity of the humerus into which the 
 processes of the ulna are received, during the 
 flexion and extension of the fore-arm. 
 
 BATHRON, Bathrum Hippoc'ratis, Scamnum 
 HIppoe'rntis, Bate'rion, 'a step, a ladder.' (F.) 
 Ba)ic d' Hippocrate. An instrument, used for the 
 extension of a limb, in eases of fracture or luxa- 
 tion. The description of it is found in Galen, 
 Oribasius, and Scultetus, with a figure. 
 
 BATHRUM HIPPOCRATIS, Bathron. 
 
 BATIA, Retort. 
 
 EATISSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ba- 
 
 tisse is three leagues from Clermont, in France, 
 The water is tepid, and contains subcarbonate 
 and sulphate of soda, sulphates of lime and iron, 
 muriate of magnesia, and carbonate of lime. 
 
 BATOS, Ruhus Idajus. 
 
 BATRACHUS, Ranula. 
 
 BATTALISM'US, Battaris'mvs, from /Sarrapc- 
 ^££1/, 'to stammer.' Balbuties. Stammering with 
 incapacity to pronounce the R. 
 
 BATT'ALUS, Bat'tarus, same etymon. A 
 stammerer, a stutterer. 
 
 BATTARISMUS, Battalismus. 
 
 BATTARUS, Battalus. 
 
 BATTATA VIRGINIANA, Solanum tubero- 
 sum. 
 
 BATTEMENS DOUBLES, see Bruit du 
 Cceur fceial. 
 
 BATTEMENT, Pulsation. 
 
 BAUDRICOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Baudricourt is a town of France, two leagues 
 and a half from Mirecourt. The waters are sul- 
 phureous. 
 
 BA UDR UCHES, Con dom. 
 
 BAUHIN, VALVE OF, Valve of Tul'pius, 
 V. of Fallo'pius, V. of Varo'lius, Il'eo-coeeal 
 Valve, Ileo-colie Valve, Val'vula Ilei, Val'vula 
 Coli, V. Caci, Oper'culum Ilei, Sjjhincier llti. 
 This name is given to the valve situate trans- 
 versely at the place where the ileum opens into 
 the ccecum, and which Baubin says he discovered 
 at Paris, in 1759. It had, however, been pre- 
 viously described by several anatomists ; as by 
 Vidus Vidius, Postius, &c. 
 
 BAUME, Balsam — h. d'Acier, Balsam, chaly- 
 beate — h. d'Aiguillen, Balsam, chalybeate — h. 
 d'Amerique, see Toluifera balsamum — b. Apo- 
 plectique, Balsam, apoplectic — b. d'Arcaus, At- 
 casus, balsam of; see, also. Balsam of Areaaus — 
 b. d'Arceus, Unguentum elemi compositum — 
 b. Aromatique, Balsam, aromatic — h. Benjoin, 
 Benjamin — h. Blanc, see Amyris Opobalsamum — 
 6. du Bresil, Copaiba — b. de Canada, see Pinus 
 balsamea — b. de Cannelle, Laurus einnamomum 
 — b. de Carpathie, Balsam of Carpathia — h. de 
 Cartharjene, see Toluifera balsamum — b. de Con- 
 stantinople i^ajic, see Amyris opobalsamum — b. 
 de Copjahu, Copaiba — b. Cordiale de Sennerte, 
 Balsam, cordial, of Sennertus — b. d'Eau dfeiiilles 
 ridees, Mentha crispa — b. de Feuillet, Balsam, 
 green, of Metz — b. de Fioraventi spiritueuse, Bal- 
 sam, spirituous, of Fioraventi — b. de Fourcroy ou 
 de Laborde, Balsam of Fourcroy or Laborde — b. 
 des Funerailles, Asphaltum — b. de Galaad, see 
 Amyris opobalsamum — b. de Genevieve, Balsam 
 of Genevieve — 6. Grand, Tanacetum balsamita 
 — b. du Grand Caire, see Amyris opobalsamum 
 — b. Hydriodate, Balsam, ioduretted — b. Hypnoti- 
 que. Balsam, Hypnotic — b. Eysterique, Balsam, 
 hysteric — 6. des hides, see Myroxylon Peruiferum 
 — b. lodure. Balsam, ioduretted — b. des Jardins, 
 Mentha viridis — b. c/e Zdcaie/, Balsam, Lucatelli's 
 — b. Marie, see Fagara octandra — 6. de Momie, As- 
 phaltum — b. Nervin, Bals.am, nervous — b. de 
 Perou,see: Mj'roxylon Peruiferum — b. de Saint- 
 Thomas, see Toluifera balsamum — b. du Samari- 
 I tain, Balsam of the Samaritan — b. Saxon, Balsam, 
 Saxon — b. de Soufre, Balsam of sulphur — b. de 
 Sympathie, Balsam of sympathy — b. Tranquille, 
 Balsam, tranquil — b. de Tolu, see Toluifera 
 balsamum — b. de Vanille, Vanilla — b. Vert, see 
 Fagara octandra — b. Vert de 3[etz, Balsam, green, 
 of Metz — b. de Vie d' Hoffmann, Balsam of Life, 
 of Hoffmann — b. de Vie de Lelievre, Tinctura 
 aloes composita — 6. Vrai, see Amyris opobal- 
 samum — b. Vulneraire de Minderer, Balsam, vul- 
 nerary, of Mindererus. 
 BAU3IIER, Bohamier. 
 
 BAURAC, (Arab.) Nitre, or salt in general. 
 From this word comes Boras. 
 
BAURIN 
 
 122 
 
 BEDFORD 
 
 BAUPtlX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Baurin 
 is a village four leagues from Roye, department of 
 Somme. The waters are strongly chalybeate. 
 
 JBAVE (¥.), Sali'va ex orejiiiens, Spnma, ITu- 
 mor Sali'vus. Frothy, thick, viscid saliva, issu- 
 ing from the mouth. This drivelling or slaver- 
 ing, we see in children, old people, <fec. The term 
 is, also, applied to the frothy liquid, which flows 
 from the mouth of rabid animals. Sauvages uses 
 it synonymously with salivation. 
 
 BAVEUX, Baveuse, an epithet, occasionally 
 applied by the French to the spongy flesh of a 
 wound, which suppurates, and exhibits but little 
 tendency to heal. 
 
 BAY, CASTOR, Magnolia glauea— b. Rose, 
 Rhododendron chrysanthemum — b. Rose, Ame- 
 rican, Rhododendron maximum — b. Sweet, Lau- 
 rus — b. White, Magnolia glauea and M. macro- 
 phylla. 
 BDALSIS, Sucking. 
 BDELLA, Hirudo. 
 
 BDEL'LIUM, 2fi/vr7in imperfee'ta, Bolchon, 
 Madeleon, Balchus. A gum-resin, brought from 
 the Levant and India, and supposed to be ob- 
 tained from a species of Arnyria, little known. 
 It is solid, brittle, of a deep brown colour, of an 
 acrid and bitter taste, and sweet odour. It was 
 much vaunted by the ancients, but is now little 
 employed. Two different gum-resins have been 
 in the shops, distinguished by the names Indian 
 and African bdellium. Dr. Royle was informed 
 that the former was obtained from Am'yria Com- 
 miph'ora, growing in India and Madagascar. 
 The latter is said to be from Heudelo'tia Afri- 
 ca'na, which grows in Senegal. 
 
 BDELLOM'ETER, from /3MXa, 'a leech,' 
 (PhXXui. ' I suck,') and ixerpov, ' measure.' An in- 
 strument, proposed as a substitute for the leech ; 
 inasmuch as we can tell the quantity of blood ob- 
 taine<l by it, whilst we cannot by the leech. It 
 consists of a cupping-glass, to which a scarifica- 
 tor and exhausting syringe are attached. 
 BDELLUS. Fart. 
 BDELY(iMIA, Fart. 
 BDELYGMUS, Fart. 
 BDESMA, Flatulence. 
 BDOLUS, Fart. 
 
 BEAD TREE, Melia Azedaracb. 
 BEAL. Phlegmon, to Suppurate. 
 BKALING, Pregnant. 
 
 BEAN, CARTHAGENA, Habilla de Cartha- 
 gena — - b. Egyptian, Nyrapheea nelumbo — b. 
 French, Phaseolus vulgaris — b. Garden, com- 
 mon, Vieia faba — b. Indian, Catalpa — b. Kidney, 
 Phaseolus vulgaris — b. Malacca, Avicennia to- 
 mentosa — b. Pontic, Nymphaaa nelumbo — b. 
 Red, Abrus prccatorius — b. Sacred, Nelumbium 
 luteum — b. St. Ignatius's, Ignatia amara — b. 
 Tonka. Dipterix odorata — b. Tree, Catalpa — b. 
 Tree, white, Crataegus aria. 
 
 Bkan Trefoil Tree, see Cytisine. 
 BEARBERRY, Arbutus uva ursi. 
 BEARD. (Sax.) beaT^o, (G.) Bart, Barba, 
 Pogrin, Genei'on, Barhi'lium, (F.) Borbe. The 
 hair which covers a part of the cheek, the lips, 
 and chin of the male sex, at the age of puberty. 
 
 BEAR'S BREECH, Acanthus mollis— b. Foot, 
 Helleborus fcetidus — b. Fright, Heptallon gra- 
 veolens — b. Grass, Yucca filamentosa — b. Whor- 
 tleberry, Arbutus uva ursi. 
 
 BRARWEED, Veratrum viride. 
 B EASTINGS, Colostrum. 
 BEASTLINGS, Colostrum. 
 BEATING OF THE HEART, see Heart. 
 BEAUGENCY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Beaugency is a quarter of a league from Orleans. 
 The waters contain subcarbonate of soda, iron, 
 magnesia, and lime. They are tonic and aperient. 
 
 BEAUMONT ROOT, Gillenta trifoliata. 
 BEALVAIS, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 waters are chalybeate. Beauvais is in Picardie, 
 France. 
 
 BEAVER, Castor fiber— b. Wood, Celtis occi- 
 dentalis. Magnolia glauea — b. Tree, Magnolia 
 glauea, M. macrophylla. 
 
 BEBEERIA, see Bebeeru. 
 
 BEBEERINE, see Bebeeni. 
 
 BEBEERU, Sipeeri. A tree of British Gui- 
 ana, which j'ields two alkalies — Beheerine, Bebee'- 
 rina, Bebee'ria or Biberine, a.Tid Sipeerine ; and 
 in its properties resembles the Cinchonas. It has 
 been referred to Nectan'dra Rodiei. Ord. Lau- 
 rineas. The timber of the tree is known to ship- 
 builders by the name bibiru or green-heart. The 
 Sulphate of Bebeeria has been employed in inter- 
 mittents. Warburg's Fever Drops, Tinctu'ra an- 
 tifebri'lis Warbur'gi, an empirical antiperiodic 
 preparation, have by some been considered to be 
 a tincture of the seeds of the Bebeeru, but this is 
 questionable. 
 
 BEC, (F.) Rostrum, Beak. This name has been 
 applied to various parts. 
 
 BEC CORACO'iDIEN, (F.) Cor'aeoid heah, is 
 the end of the coracoid process. 
 
 BEC BE CUILLER, Ham'ulus. An instru- 
 ment used for the extraction of balls. It consists 
 of an iron rod, 7 or 8 inches long, having at one 
 extremity a small cavity, into which the ball is 
 received to be drawn outwards. See Cochleari- 
 formis. 
 
 BEC DE GRUE MUSQTJE, Geranium Mos- 
 chatum — 6. de Grue Robertin, Geranium Roberti- 
 anum — b. de Lievre, Harelip. 
 
 BEO DE LA PLUME A ECRIRE (F.), 
 Beak of the Calamus Scripto'rius, is a small cavity 
 at the superior part of the medulla oblongata, 
 which forms part of the 4th ventricle. 
 
 BEC, (Le.) MINERAL WATERS OP. Bee 
 is six leagues from Rouen, in Normandy. The 
 water is strongly chalybeate. 
 
 BECCABUNGA, Veronica Beccabunga. 
 
 BECHiESTHE'SIS, from /3^f, fipx°^, 'cough,' 
 and awGnaii, 'sensation.' The excitement or de- 
 sire to cough. 
 
 BECHIA, Tussis. 
 
 BECHIAS, Tussis. 
 
 BE'CHICS, Be'chica, Becha, Bec'cJiica, Be', 
 chita, from j3;;f, (irj^os, ' cough,' {¥.) Bechiquee. 
 Medicines adapted for allaying cough. 
 
 BECHITA, Beehic. 
 
 BECHIUM, Tussilago. 
 
 BECHORTHOPNCEA, Pertussis. 
 
 BECUIBA, Ibieuiba. 
 
 BED, HYDROSTATIC, Water bed— b. Water, 
 Arnott's, see Water bed. 
 
 BED'EGAR, Bedeguar, Bedeguard, Spon'gia 
 Cynos'bati, Fungus Rosa' rum, F. Cynos'bati, (F.) 
 Pomme monsseuse, Eponge d'eglantier. An ex- 
 crescence, which makes its appearance on dif- 
 ferent species of wild roses, and which is pro- 
 duced by the puncture of a small insect, — Cy- 
 nips RoscB. It was formerly employed as a 
 lithontriptic and vermifuge, but is not now used. 
 It was slightly astringent. 
 
 BEDFORD, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bed- 
 ford is a village, situate on the great AVestern 
 Turnpike road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, a 
 few miles east of the chief elevation of the Alle- 
 ghany mountains. The " Springs" are about a 
 mile and a half from the village. They are saline 
 and sulphureous. The most celebrated — the 
 " Mineral Spring" or "Anderson's Spring" — con- 
 tains carbonic acid, sulphate of magnesia, chlo- 
 rides of sodium and calcium, and carbonate of 
 iron, but none of these articles in great quan- 
 tity; hence, the main action of the waters is diu- 
 
BEDLAM 
 
 123 
 
 BELL METAL 
 
 retic. At some distance from the Springs, there 
 is a chalybeate water; and about 10 miles S. W. 
 of Bedford, at Milliken's Cove, a strong sulphure- 
 ous spring. The climate of Bedford Springs is 
 agreeable. During the heat of summer, the 
 nights are generally cool. In the morning of 
 July 14, 1853, the author marked the thermome- 
 ter, at five o'clock, A. M., at 45°. Three days 
 before, however, it was at 70° at the same hour. 
 
 BEDLAM, Morotrophium. 
 
 BEDLAMITE, Insane. 
 
 BEDSTRAW, Galium verum— b. Ladies, 
 greater, Galium, mollugo, Galium verum — b. 
 Rough, Galium asprellum — b. Ladies, rough, 
 Galium asprellum. 
 
 BEE, Sax. beo. AjiisjA. nellif'ica seu domest'ica, 
 MeUs'sa, Melit'ta, (F.) Aheille. This insect was 
 formerly exhibited, when dried and powdered, as 
 a diuretic. 
 
 Bee IX THE BojfNET, see Insanity. 
 
 BEEBREAD, Propolis. 
 
 BEECH, Fagus sylvatica — b. Drop, Orobanche 
 Virginiana — b. Drops, false, Hypopitys lanugi- 
 nosa. 
 
 Beech, Albany, Pterospora Andromedea. 
 
 Beech, Mast, see Fagus sylvatica. 
 
 BEEDY'S EYES, Viola tricolor. 
 
 BEEF ESSENCE, see Beef tea. 
 
 Beef Tea, Jus bovi'num. An infusion of beef, 
 much used in debilitating maladies, and in con- 
 valescence. It may be made as follows : Take 
 two pounds and a half of lean beef: cut it, in 
 small pieces, into three parts of jcafer in an earthen 
 pipkin : let this simmer, but never boil, until the 
 liquor is consumed to a pint and a half: then 
 strain carefully. It ought to be entirely free 
 from fat or grease. — Dr. E. J. Seymour. 
 
 Hnsence of beef — as it has been called — may be 
 made by putting a pound of good beef, freed from 
 fat, and cut into small pieces, into a porter-bot- 
 tle, corking lightly. The bottle must be put into 
 boiling water, and kept there until the water has 
 been boiling at least half an hour. As the boil- 
 ing goes on, the cork may be inserted a little 
 more tightly, to retain the contents of the bottle. 
 The juices of the beef are thus separated, and 
 constitute the ' essence,' which may be seasoned 
 to the taste. It contains much nutriment. 
 
 BEEN, Centaurea behen. 
 
 BEER, Cerevisia — b. Black, see Falltranck — 
 b. Chowder, see Chowder — b. Pipsissewa, see 
 Pyrola umbellata. 
 
 Beer, Jews', See Pinus sylvestris — b. Springs, 
 see Water, Mineral (gaseous.) 
 
 Beer, Sprcce, Cerevis'ia Abie'tis, may be 
 prepared as follows. Take of Essence of Spruce, 
 half a pint; Pimento, bruised; Ginger, bruised; 
 Hops, of each, four ounces ; water, three gallons. 
 Boil for five or ten minutes ; strain, and add of 
 warm water eleven gallons ; yeast, a pint ; molas- 
 ses, sis pints. Mix and allow to ferment for twenty 
 hours. Used as an agreeable drink in summer. 
 
 Beer, Tar, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 BEET, Beta. 
 
 BEEST, Colostrum. 
 
 BEESTINGS, Colostrum. 
 
 BEETLEWEED, Galax aphylla. 
 
 BEGAIEMENT, Balbuties. 
 
 BEGMA, — according to some. Bregma, — from 
 firiaauv or Pprjcrtretv,, ' to expectorate after cough- 
 ing.' Coughing ; also, the sputum or expecto- 
 rated matter. — Hippocrates. 
 
 BEGO'NIA. The Begonia grandiflo'ra and 
 B. tomento'sa have astringent roots, which are 
 used in Peru in cases of hemorrhage, scurvy, low 
 fevers, &c. 
 
 BEGUE, Balbus. 
 
 BEHEN ABIAD, Centaurea behen — h. Al- 
 bum, Centaurea behen — b. Officinarum, Cucu- 
 balus behen — h. ^o7<gre, Statice limonium — b. 
 Vulgaris, Cucubalus behen. 
 
 BEHMEN ACKMAR, Statice limonium. 
 
 BEIAHALALEN, Sempervivum tectorum. 
 
 BEIDELSAR, Aselepias proeera. 
 
 BEIST, Colostrum. 
 
 BEISTINGS, Colostrum. 
 
 BEISTYN, Colostrum. 
 
 BEJUIO, Habilla de Carthagena. 
 
 BELA-AYE or BE-LAHE, A tonic and 
 astringent bark of a Madagascar tree. Du-petit- 
 Thouars and Sonnerat think it may be substi- 
 tuted for the Simarouba. 
 
 BELADAMBOC. A species of convolvulus of 
 the Malabar coast, which contains an acrid milky 
 juice. From this a liniment is formed with oil 
 and ginger, which is used against the bites of 
 rabid animals. 
 
 BE-LAHE, Bela-aye. 
 
 BELA-MODAGAM. A kind of Scce'vola of the 
 Malabar coast, the leaves of which are considered 
 diuretic and emmenagogue. 
 
 BEL ANDRE, (F.) A litter, surrounded with 
 curtains, in which patients are sometimes carried 
 to hospitals. 
 
 BELCHING, Eructation. 
 
 BELD, Athrix. 
 
 BELEMNOID, Belenoid. 
 
 BELEMNOIDES PROCESSUS, Styloid pro- 
 cesses. 
 
 BEL'ENOID, BEL'ONOID, BEL'EMNOID 
 or BEL'OID, BelenoVdes or BelemnoVdes Pro- 
 ces'sus, from Pe\os, 'an arrow,' and ti^oj, 'shape.' 
 This name has been given to styloid processes 
 in general — Processus beleno'i'des. 
 
 BELESME, see Bellesme. 
 
 BELESON, Balsam, Musssenda frondosa. 
 
 BELILLA, Mussaenda frondosa. 
 
 BELINUM, Apium Graveolens. 
 
 BELI OCULUS, Belloculus. 
 
 BELL, CANTERBURY, Campanula trache- 
 lium. 
 
 BELLADONE, Atropa belladonna. 
 
 BELLADON'NA, in the Pharmacopoeia of the 
 United States, is the officinal name of the leaves 
 of Atropa Belladonna. 
 
 Belladonna Baccifera, Atropa belladonna — 
 b. Trichotoma, Atropa belladonna. 
 
 BELLADONNIN, Atropine. 
 
 BELLE-BLOME, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. 
 
 BELLE DA3IE, Atropa belladonna. 
 
 BELLEGU, Myrobalanus. 
 
 BELLEREGL Myrobalanus. 
 
 BELLESiME, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Bellesme is about three leagues from Montague, 
 in France. The waters are chalybeate. 
 
 BELLEY, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 waters at Belley, department of Ain, in France, 
 are saline aperients. 
 
 BELLFLOWER, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. 
 
 BELLIDOIDES, Chrysanthemum leucanthe- 
 mum. 
 
 BELLIS, Bellus, ('pretty,') Bellis peren'nis 
 seu minor seu horten'sis, Sym'phytum miu'imum, 
 Bruisewort, Common Daisy, (Sc.) Ewe-gowan, 
 (Prov.) Bairnworts, (F.) Paquerette vivace, petite 
 Marguerite. Ord. Compositse. The leaves and 
 flowers are rather acrid. They were, atone time, 
 considered to cure different species of wounds. 
 See Osmitopsis asteriscoides. 
 
 Bellis Hortensis, Bellis — b. Major, Chrysan- 
 themum leucanthemum — b. Minor, Bellis — b. 
 Perennis, Bellis — b. Pratensis, Chrysanthemum 
 leucanthemum. 
 
 BELLIT, Athrix. 
 
 BELL METAL, Cal'cocos, (F.) Airain, MStal 
 des cloches. An alloy of copper, zinc, tin, and a 
 
BELLOCULUS 
 
 124 
 
 BERBERIS 
 
 small quantity of antimony, used for making 
 bells. The mortars of the apothecary are often 
 formed of this material. They require to be kept 
 clean, to avoid the formation of verdigris. 
 
 BELLOCULUS, Beli Oc'vlns. A kind of gem, 
 ■which the Assyrians considered efficacious in the 
 cure of many diseases. They imagined that the 
 figure of an eye could be seen in it, and hence its 
 name, Bel's Eye, from the god Bel. 
 
 BELLON, Colic, metallic. 
 
 BELLOTAS, see Ilex major. 
 
 BELLOWS' SOUND, Bruit de soufflet — h. s. 
 Encephalic, see Bruit de soufflet. 
 
 Bellows' Sound, Punic, a single murmur of 
 the bellows kind, synchronous with the first sound 
 of the heart; heard by some observers, and re- 
 ferred by them to diminished calibre of the um- 
 bilical arteries, either by pressure or stretching 
 of the funis, or both. 
 
 Bellows' Sound, Placental, Bruit placen- 
 taire. 
 
 BELLWORT, SMALLER, Uvularia perfoliata. 
 
 BELLY, Venter, from Ir. bolg, 'the belly, a bag 
 or pouch' [?]. At the present day, the abdomen. 
 Formerly, all the splanchnic cavities Were called 
 bellies; — the lower belhj, venter in'Jiiiius, being 
 the abdomen ; the middle belli/, venter me'dius, 
 the thorax ; and the upper belly, venter snpre'mus, 
 the bead. Also, the womb. See Venter. 
 
 BELLY-ACH, Colica. 
 
 Belly-ach, DiiY, Colica metallica. 
 
 Belly-ach Root, Angelica lucida. 
 
 BELLY-BAND, Belt, Russian. 
 
 BELLY-BOUND, Constipated. 
 
 BELLY-GOD, Glutton. 
 
 BELLY-HARM, Colic. 
 
 BELLY, POT, Physconia. 
 
 BELLY-THRA, Colic. 
 
 BELLY-TIMBER, Aliment. 
 
 BELLY-WARK, Colic. 
 
 BELMUSCHUS, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
 
 BELNILEG, Myrobalanus. 
 
 BELOID, Belenoid. 
 
 BELOIDES PROCESSUS, Styloid processes. 
 
 BELONE, Needle. 
 
 BELONODES, Styloid. 
 
 BELONOID, Belenoid. 
 
 BEL'S EYE, Belloculus. 
 
 BELT, RUSSIAN, re?itra'le,— vulgarly, Belly- 
 band, — Abdominal supporter. A broad bandage 
 applied to the abdomen, so as to support, and make 
 methodical pressure upon it. Different forms have 
 been termed obstetric binders, utero-abdominal 
 supporters, &c. 
 
 BELUL'CUM, from jScAof, 'a dart,' and 'tAxo., 
 ' I draw out.' An instrument used for extracting 
 darts or arrows. Many instruments of this kind 
 have been noticed by surgeons. — Ambrose Pare, 
 Fabricius ab Aquapendente. 
 
 BELZOE. Benjamin. 
 
 BELZOIM, Benjamin. 
 
 BELZOINUM, iienjamin. 
 
 BEN, Guilandina moringa — b. of Judsea, Ben- 
 jamin — b. Nut, Guilandina moringa. 
 
 BENATH, Pustule. 
 
 BENEDICTA SYLVESTRIS, Geum rivale. 
 
 BENEDICTUM LAXATIVUM, Confectio 
 sennte. 
 
 BENEFICE DE LA NATURE, Beneficium 
 naturae — 6. de Ventre, see Beneficium naturae. 
 
 BENEFICIUM NATU'R^, (F.) Benefice de 
 la nature. This term is used by the French pa- 
 thologists for cases in which diseases have got well 
 without medical treatment. AVith them, Benefice 
 de nature, or B. de ventre, is synonymous also with 
 Alvi Proflu'vium ; — a spontaneous diarrhoea, often 
 acting favourably either in the prevention or cure 
 of disease. 
 
 BENELi, Croton racemosum. 1 
 
 BENEOLENS, from Jejie, 'well,' and olere, 'to 
 smell.' Euo'des, Suaveolens. A sweet-scented 
 medicine, as gums, &c. 
 
 BENG, Bangue. 
 
 BENGALE INDORUM. Cassumuniar. 
 
 BENGAL ROOT, Cassumuniar. 
 
 BENGI, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 BENIGN', Benig'nus, Eueth'es, (F.) BSnin, 
 Benigne. Diseases of a mild character are so 
 called: as well as medicines whose action is not 
 violent, as & Benign Fever, Febria benig'na impa'- 
 tris, &c. 
 
 BENIN, Benign. 
 
 BEN'JAMIN, corruption of Ben'zoin, Benzo'- 
 inum (Ph. U. S.), B. verum, Assa odora'ta seu 
 dulcis, Benjui, Benjuin, Asa or Ben'juoy, Benjo'- 
 intini, Belzoe, Belzoim, Ben'zoe, Sty'racis Benzo'- 
 ini BaV samum, Liquor Gyreni'acus, Croton Ben- 
 zol, Ben of JudcB'a, Acor Benzo'inus, Sal Ac"idum 
 seu essentia'le seu volat'ile Benzoes, {¥.) Benjoin, 
 Baume Benjoin, Assa donx. A resinous, dry, 
 brittle substance, the concrete juice of Slyrax 
 Benzoin, Arbor Benivi, Laurus Benzoin, of Su- 
 matra. The odour is extremely frag»ant, and 
 taste slightly aromatic. It is principally used 
 for the preparation of the acid which it contains. 
 It is also employed in some vulnerary tinctures, 
 and as an expectorant. Benzoic Acid, Ac"idum 
 Benzo'icum, is obtained from it by sublimation. 
 The purest Benjamin is in amygdaloid masses: 
 hence called (F.) Benjoin amygdaloide. 
 
 Benjamin Bush, Laurus benzoin. 
 
 Benjamin, Flowers of, Ben'zoic Acid, Ae"- 
 idum Benzo'icum seu Benzoylicum, Flores Beneoes 
 seu Benzo'ini, Ac"idum Benzo'icum per subliina- 
 tio'nem, (F.) Acide Benzoique, Fleurs de Benjoin. 
 This acid exists in all the balsams, but chiefly in 
 Benzoin, from which it is obtained by sublima- 
 tion. It is in vanilla, canella, the urine of in- 
 fants, and of herbivorous animals. Its odour is 
 aromatic and fragrant; taste hot, slightly acidu- 
 lous, and agreeable. The crystals consist of 
 white, satiny flakes, slightly ductile. It is pro- 
 bably stimulant; and has been used, as such, in 
 chronic catarrh; but it has little efiicacy. 
 
 BEN.JAOY, Benjamin. 
 
 BENJOIN, Benjamin. 
 
 BENJOINUM, Benjamin. 
 
 BENJUL Benjamin. 
 
 BEN MOENJA. A Malabar tree. An alexi- 
 pbarmic decoction is made of its roots, in the 
 country, which is much praised in cases of malig- 
 nant fever. Its bark, boiled with Calamus aroma- 
 ticus and salt, forms a decoction used in bites of 
 poisonous serpents. 
 
 BENNE, Sesamum orientale. 
 
 BENNET, HERB, Geum urbanum, and G. 
 Virgin ianum. 
 
 BENOITE, Geum urbanum — b. Aquatique, 
 Geum rivale — b. des Ruisseaux, Geum rivale — 
 b. de Virginie, Geum Virginianum. 
 
 BENZENE, Benzole. 
 
 BENZIN, Benzole, see Anaesthetic 
 
 BENZOATE OF AMMONIA, AmmoniEe ben- 
 zoas. 
 
 BENZOE, Benjamin. 
 
 BENZOENIL, Vanilla. 
 
 BENZOIN, Benjamin — b. Odoriferum, Laurus 
 Benzoin. 
 
 BEN'ZOLE, Benzin, Benzene, Phene, Hy'dru- 
 ret of Phen'yle. A constituent of coal-gas tar, 
 obtained by distilling coal naphtha. It is a co- 
 lourless, oleaginous liquid, of agreeable odour. 
 Sp. gr. 0'85. The vapour, when inhaled, acts as 
 an anfesthetic. 
 
 BBRBERINE, see Oxyacantha Galeni. 
 
 BERBERIS, Oxyacantha Galeni — b. Cana- 
 densis, see Oxyacantha Galeni. 
 
BEREINE 
 
 125 
 
 BEZOAR 
 
 BERBIN^E, Verbena officinalis. 
 BERCE. Ileracleum spondylium. 
 BERENDAROS, Ocymum basilicum. 
 BERENICE, Succinum. 
 BERENICIUM, Potassse nitras. 
 BEREXISECUM, Artemisia vulgaris. 
 BERGAMOT', Bergamote, Bergamot'ta, (F.) 
 Bergamotte. A small orange, of a very agreeable 
 ta=te, and peculiar odour. From its rind an oil, 
 Oleum Berga'inii (Ph. U. S.), is obtained, -n-hieh 
 is much employed as a perfume, and sometimes 
 in medicine. See Citrus mella rosa. 
 
 BER'IBERI, Berihe'ria, Syn'clonus Berihe'- 
 ria, Indosyn' clonus, ParaVysis Ber'iheri, from 
 beri in the Singhalese language, which signifies 
 'weakness;' therefore, 6e/-?'6er!', ' great weakness.' 
 This word is also said to be Kindusthanee, and 
 to mean a sheep. — Bontius. Beriberi is an In- 
 dian disease, little known in Europe. It con- ; 
 sists in debility and tremors of the limbs, — some- ! 
 times, indeed, of the whole body; with painful 
 numbness of the affected parts, &c.: — the patient 
 walking doubled, and imitating the movements 
 of sheep ! Some authors have esteemed it rheu- 
 matic ; others, paralytic; others, to be a kind of 
 chorea. It is, almost always, incurable : is rarely 
 fatal; and is treated by exercise, stimulant fric- 
 tion, sudorifies, &c. It is sometimes called 
 Bar'hiers, but this would seem to be a different 
 disease. 
 
 BERICOCCE, Prunus armeniaca. 
 BERKLEY SPRINGS, see Bath Springs. 
 BERLE NODIFLORE, Slum. 
 BERL UE, Metamorphopsia. 
 BEBMU'DAS, CLIMATE OF. Pulmonary 
 ■invalids are occasionally sent to Bermuda, but 
 the principal objection to a winter residence 
 there, is the prevalence of strong winds; espe- 
 ciall}' of the dry, sharp, and cold north-west 
 winds, during the winter and spring. Still, it 
 affords a good winter retreat for the phthisical, 
 from any part of the United States, provided due 
 care be selected in choosing a suitable locality. 
 The neighbourhood of Hamilton has been strongly 
 recommended with this view. 
 
 BERNARD THE HERMIT, Cancellus. 
 BERRIES, INDIAN, see Menispermura coc- 
 culus — b. Turkey, yellow, see Piper cubeba. 
 
 BERS. A sort of electuary, composed of pep- 
 per, seed of the whitehyoscyamus, opium, euphor- 
 bium, saffron, <tc. The Egyptians used it as an 
 excitant. — Prospero Alpini. 
 
 BERU, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bern is 
 in Champagne, France. The waters are slightly 
 chalybeate. 
 
 BERULA, Slum nodiflorum — b. Angustifolia, 
 Slum nodiflorum. 
 BESASA, Ruta. 
 BESICLES, Spectacles. 
 
 BESOIN, Want— 6. de Resjnrer, see Want— 
 h. de la Vie, Necessary of life. 
 
 BESSANEM. A word used by Avicenna, for 
 
 redness of the skin, limbs, and face, produced by 
 
 the action of cold. 
 
 BESSON, 
 
 BESSONNE, 
 
 BETA. The Beet, Sic'ula, (F.) Bette, Bette- 
 
 rctve. i^am i7y, Chenopodeae. Sex. Syst.Vexitnn- 
 
 dria Digynia. A genus of plants, of which the 
 
 following are the chief varieties : 
 
 Beta 'H.Y''&vt.m&., Root of Scarcity. Root red, 
 outside; white, within. Very nutritive; yields 
 sugar. 
 
 Beta Vulga'ris Alba, White Beet. The root 
 yields sugar, and the leaves are eaten as a sub- 
 stitute for spinach. 
 
 Beta Vulga'ris PiUBEa, Red Beet. Root red 
 and nutritive ; yields a small quantity of sugar. 
 BETAYNE, Betonica officinalis. 
 
 See Gemellus. 
 
 BETEL, Pijjer Betel, Chavica hefle. A species 
 of pepper, cultivated in several parts of India. 
 The East Indians are in the habit of chewing 
 the leaves with lime and areca; and they give 
 the name Betel to this preparation. It is used in 
 all the equatorial countries of Asia. Betel is said 
 to be tonic and astringent. It is a.\so called Beite, 
 Betre, Beth. See Areca. 
 
 BETHROOT, Trillium latifolium — b. Broad- 
 leaf, Trillium latifolium. 
 BETISE, Dementia. 
 
 BETOINE, Betonica officinalis — I. des Mov- 
 tagnes, Arnica montana — b. des Savoyards, Ar- 
 nica montana. 
 
 BETON, Colostrum. 
 
 BETONICA AQUATICA, Scrophularia aqua- 
 tica. 
 
 Beton'icA Officina'lis, B. purpu'rea, Vet- 
 ton'ica, Cestron, Bet'ony, Wood Betoiiy, (Old 
 Eng.) Betayne, Psychot'rophum, Veroni'ca pur- 
 pu'rea, (F.) Betoine. Order, Labiatfe. Sex. Syst. 
 Didynamia Gymnospermia. Betony was in much 
 esteem amongst the ancients, who employed the 
 flowers and leaves, in decoction, in gout, sciatica, 
 cephalalgia, &c. It was so called, according to 
 Pliny, from being in great repute among the Vet- 
 tones or Bettones, an ancient people of Spain. 
 Antonius Musa is said to have written a volume 
 in praise of it; recommending it in no less than 
 47 different diseases. It has, however, little or 
 no virtue. The leaves are said to be aperient, 
 ; and the root emetic. 
 
 Betonica Pauli, Veronica. 
 BETONY, Betonica officinalis— b. Paul's, Ly- 
 I copus sinuatus, Lycopus Virginicus, Veronica — 
 b. Water, Scrophularia aquatica — b.Wood, Beto- 
 nica officinalis. 
 
 BETRE, Betel. 
 I BETTE, Beta. 
 1 BETTERAVE, Beta. 
 
 BET'ULA ALBA, St/^vJo. The Birch, (Sc.) 
 I Birk, (F.) Bovleau eomnum. Order, Betulacese. 
 The young leaves are slightly odorous, astrin- 
 1 gent, and bitter. They are applied to wounds 
 : and ulcers. They have been regarded as anti- 
 ' scorbutic and anthelmintic. The tree furnishes 
 a saccharine juice, which is considered antiscor- 
 { butie and diuretic. 
 
 I BETULAEMAnGiNATA,Alnusglutinosa — b. Glu- 
 tinosa, Alnus glutinosa. 
 
 Bet0LA Lenta, Siceet Birch, Black Birch, 
 Cherry Birch, Jlountaiii Mahogany, is an Ame- 
 rican species, the bark and leaves of which have 
 the smell and taste of Gaultheria procumbens. 
 An infusion is sometimes made of them, and used 
 as an excitant and diaphoretic. The volatile oil 
 is nearly, if not wholly, identical with that of 
 Gaultheria. 
 
 BEURRE, Butter — 6. de Bambouc, Butter of 
 bambouc — b. de Cacao, Butter of cacao — b. de 
 Coco, Butter of cocoa — b. Vegetale, Persea gratis- 
 sima. 
 
 BEUVRIGNY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Beuvrigny is in the vicinity of Bayeus, in Nor- 
 mandy. The water is chalybeate. 
 BEVERAGE, Drink. 
 BEVUE, Diplopia. 
 
 BEX, Tussis — b. Convulsiva, Pertussis — b. Hu- 
 mida. Expectoration — b. Theriodes, Pertussis. 
 BEXIS, Tussis. 
 
 BEXU'GO. Under this name, a purgative 
 root was formerly introduced into Europe from 
 Peru. It is supposed to have been the root of a 
 Hippoeratea. 
 
 BEZ'OAR, iJez'aar, Bez'ehard, Pa'zahar, from 
 Persian Pa, 'against,' and sahar, poison. Lapis 
 Bezoar'dicus, CaV cuius Bez' oar. Enteral' ithiis Be- 
 zoar'dus, Bezoard. A calculous concretion, found 
 
B£Z0ARD D'ALLEMAONE 126 
 
 BICHO 
 
 in the stomach, intestines, and bladder of ani- 
 mals. Wonderful virtues were formerly attri- 
 buted to these Bezoars. There were two great 
 varieties: the Bez'oar orienta'le, An'imal Bezoar'- 
 tieum orienta'le, formed in the fourth stomach of 
 the gazelle of India {Gazel'la In'diea, or rather 
 Antilo'ptts cervica'pra:) and the Bez'oar oeciden- 
 ta'le, Animal Bezoar'ticum oecidenta'le, found in 
 the fourth stomach of the wild goaf or chamois 
 of Peru. These substances were esteemed to be 
 powerful alexipharmics; but the former was the 
 more valued. It was believed that no poison, 
 and no eruptive, pestilential, or putrid disease, 
 could resist its influence. As so many virtues 
 were ascribed to it, other animal concretions were 
 substituted for it; and factitious Bezoards were 
 made of crabs' eyes and claws, bruised and mixed 
 with musk, ambergris, <fec. 
 
 Bez'oar Bovi'num, (F.) Btzoard de Bcettf, Be- 
 zoard of the heef. A concretion formed in the 
 fourth stomach of beeves ; also, a biliary calcu- 
 lus found in the gall-bladder. 
 
 Bez'oard of the Deer, B. of the Lach'rymal 
 Fossa of the Deer, Deer's Tears. A moist, highly 
 odorous, fatty matter, found below the anterior 
 canthus of the orbit of the red deer — Cervus el'e- 
 phas. It has been used, like castor, as an anti- 
 spasmodic, in the dose of from 5 to 15 grains, two 
 or three times a day. 
 
 Bezoar Equinum, Bezoard of the horse — b. 
 Hystricis, Bezoard of the Indian porcupine. 
 
 Bez'oard op Cayman. This was once much 
 prized. It is now unknown. 
 
 BEZOARD D'ALLE3IAGNE, ^gagropila. 
 
 Bez'oard of the Chamois, and B. of the 
 Horse, Bezoar equi'num, Hippol'ithus, &C., exhi- 
 bit their origin in the name. 
 
 Bez'oard op the Indian Por'cupine, Bez'oar 
 Hifs'trieis, Lapis Porci'nus seu Mahicen'sis, Petro 
 del Porco, (F.) Bezoard de Porc-Ejnc, was for- 
 merly the dearest of all the Bezoards, and was 
 sold at an enormous price in Spain and Portu- 
 gal. 
 
 Bez'oard, Mineral, Antimonium diaphoreti- 
 cum — b. Vegetable, see Calappite. 
 
 BEZOAR'DIC, Bezoar'dicus, (F.) Bezoardique ; 
 concerning the bezoard. Bezoardic medicines are 
 those supposed to possess the same properties 
 with the bezoard ; as antidotes, alexiteria, alexi- 
 pharmics, cordials. 
 
 BEZOARDICA RADIX, Dorstenia contra- 
 yerva. 
 
 BEZOAR'DICUM SATUR'Ifl. A pharma- 
 ceutical preparation, regarded by the ancients as 
 antihysteric. It was formed of protoxide of lead, 
 butter of antimony, and nitric acid. 
 
 Bezoar'dicum Huma'num. Urinary calculi 
 were formerly employed under this name as 
 powerful alexipharmics. 
 
 Bezoar'dicum Jovia'le. A sort of greenish 
 powder, used as a diaphoretic, and formed of an- 
 timony, tin, mercury, and nitric acid. 
 
 Bezoar'dicum Luna're. A medicine formerly 
 regarded as a specific in epilepsy, convulsions, 
 megrim, &c. It was prepared of nitrate of sil- 
 ver, and butter of antimony. 
 
 Bezoar'dicum Martia'le. A tonic medicine, 
 used by the ancients in diarrhoea. It was pre- 
 pared from the tritoxide of iron and butter of 
 antimony. 
 
 Bezoar'dicum Mekcuria'le. A medicine, 
 formerly vaunted as an antisyphilitie, and pre- 
 pared from the mild chloride of mercury, butter 
 of antimony, and nitric acid. 
 
 Bezoar'dicum Minera'le ; the deutoxide of 
 antimony ; so called because its properties were 
 supposed to resemble those of animal bezoard. 
 
 Bezoar'dicum Sola're. A diaphoretic medi- 
 
 cine, prepared of gold filings, nitric acid, and 
 butter of antimony. 
 
 Bezoar'dicum Ven'eris. A pharmaceutical 
 preparation, formerly employed in lepra, diseases 
 of the brain, &c. ; which was made from filings 
 of copper, butter of antimony, and nitric acid. 
 BHANG, Bangue. 
 
 BI, as a prefix to words, has the same signi- 
 cation as Di. 
 
 BIAIOTIIANATI, Biothanati. 
 BIBERINE, see Bebeeru. 
 
 BIBIRU, Bebeeru. 
 
 BIBITORIUS, Rectus internus oculi. 
 
 BIBLIOG'RAPHY, MED'ICAL, from ^i^Mov, 
 'a book,' and Ypa(p<i), 'I describe.' A description 
 or history, or skill in the knowledge, of medical 
 books. The most distinguished medical biblio- 
 graphers have been : J. A. Van der Linden, 
 Amstelod. 1662, octavo, (L.) M. Lipenius, 
 Francf. ad Mcen. 1679, fol. (L.) G. A. Merck- 
 LEiN, Norimb. 1686, (L.) J. J. Manget, Genev. 
 1695 to 1731, (L.) Tarin (anatomical), Paris, 
 1753, (F.) A. VON Haller, Zurich, 1774, Ac, 
 (L.) ViGiLiis VON Cruetzenfeld (surgical), 
 Vindob. 1781, (L.) C. G. Kuhn, Lips. 1794, (L.) 
 C. L. ScHWEiKARD (anat., phys., and legal medi- 
 cine), Stuttgard, 1796 to 1800, (L.) G. G. Plouc- 
 QUET, Tubing. 1808 to 1814, (L.) C. F. Burdach, 
 Gotha, 1810 to 1821, (G.) J. S. Ersch, (since 
 1750). Leipz. 1822, (G.) Th. Ch. Fr. Enslin, 
 (of Germany, since 1750,) Berlin, 1826, (G.) 
 J. B. MoNTFALcoN, Paris, 1827, (F.) J. Forbes, 
 M.D., F.R.S., London, 1835. A. C. P. Calli- 
 SEN, Copenhagen, 1845, (G.) E. Morwitz, Leip- 
 zig. 1849, (G.) 
 
 BICAUDALTS, Retrahens auris. 
 
 BICAUDA'TUS, CaHda'tM,froTnbi,iind Cauda, 
 'a tail;' 'double-tailed.' A monster having two 
 tails. 
 
 BICEPHA'LIUM, Dicepha'lium. A hybrid 
 word, from hi and Kt<pa\Ti, 'head.' Sauvages ap- 
 plies this epithet to a very large sarcoma on the 
 head, which seems to form a double head. 
 
 BICEPHALUS, Dicephalus. 
 
 BICEPS, from hi, and caput, 'head.' That 
 which has two heads. This name has been par- 
 ticularly given to two muscles ; one belonging to 
 the arm, the other to the thigh. 
 
 Biceps Exter'nus Mus'culus. The long por- 
 tion of the Triceps Brachia'lis. — Douglas. 
 
 Biceps Flexor Cruris, B. Cruris, Biceps, 
 (F.) Biceps Crural, Biceps Fem'oris, Is' chio-fem' - 
 oro-peronier — (Ch.) A muscle on the posterior 
 part of the thigh ; one head arising from the tu- 
 berosity of the ischium, and the other from a 
 great part of the linea aspera. It is inserted into 
 the top of the fibula. It serves to bend the leg 
 on the thigh. 
 
 Biceps Flexor Cu'biti, Biceps, B. Bra'chn 
 seu mands seu inter'nus seu inter'nns hu'meri, 
 Cor'aco-radia'lis, (F.) Seajmlo-radial, (Ch.) — 
 Biceps Brachial. A muscle, situate at the ante- 
 rior and internal part of the arm ; extending 
 from the edge of the glenoid cavity and from the 
 top of the coracoid process to tlie tuberosity of 
 the radius. It bends the fore-arm upon the arm. 
 
 BIG [IE DE MER, Sea Slug. A molluscous 
 animal, belonging to the genus Holothuria, which 
 is caught amongst the islands of the Feejee group, 
 New Guinea, &c., and when prepared finds a 
 ready sale in China, where it is used as an ingre- 
 dient in rich soups. 
 
 BICHET, Terra Orleana. 
 
 BICHICH'I^, probably corrupted from /?,;f, 
 (irixo£, 'cough.' Pectoral medicines, composed 
 of liquorice juice, sugar, blanched almonds, Ac. 
 — Rhazes. 
 
 BICHIOS, Dracunculus. 
 
 BICHO, Dracunculus — b. di Culo, Proctocace. 
 
BICHOS 
 
 127 
 
 BINDWEED 
 
 BICHOS. A Portuguese name for the worms 
 that penetrate the toes of people in the Indies ; 
 and which are destroj'ed by the oil of the cashew 
 nut. 
 
 BICIP'ITAL, from biceps (hi and caput), 'two 
 headed.' Relating to the biceps. 
 
 Bicip'iTAL Groove, (F.) Coulisse ou Goutti^re 
 bicipitale, Coulisse humerale, (Ch.,) is a longitu- 
 dinal groove, situate between the tuberosities of 
 the OS humeri, which lodges the long head of the 
 biceps. 
 
 Bicip'lTAL Tu'bercle, Bicipital tuheros'ity, 
 (F.) Tuberosite bicijntale ; a prominence near 
 the upper extremity of the radius, to which the 
 tendon of the biceps is attached. 
 BTCORNE RUDE, Ditrachyceros. 
 BICUS'PID, Bicuspida'tus, from hi and cuspis, 
 'a spear.' That which has two points or tuber- 
 cles. 
 
 BiCPs'piD Teeth, Denies Bicusptda'ti, (F.) 
 Dents bicnspideee. The small molares. See Molar. 
 BIDDY, Pediculus. 
 
 BIDEXS ACMELLA, Spilanthus acmella. 
 BIDET, (F.) Bidet; pronounced beeday. A 
 small horse formerly allowed to each trooper for 
 carrying his baggage. Hence, perhaps, applied 
 to a chamber bathing apparatus, which has to be 
 bestridden. It is a useful arrangement, in case 
 of hemorrhoids, prolapsus ani, affections of the 
 sexual organs, &c. 
 BIECHO, Bische. 
 
 BIERE, Cerevisia — 6. Mediciiiale, see Cerevi- 
 sia. 
 
 EIESTINGS, Colostrum. 
 BIFEMOR 0- CAL CANIEN, Gastrocnemii. 
 BI'FURCATION, Bi/urca'tio, from M and 
 fiu-ca, 'a fork.' Division of a trunk into two 
 branches ; as the bifurcation of the trachea, 
 aorta, &c. 
 
 BIGARADE, see Citrus aurantium. 
 BIGASTER, Digastricus. 
 BIGBELLIED, Abdominous. 
 BIG BLOOM, Magnolia macrophylla. 
 BIGBONE, see Kentucky, Mineral Waters of. 
 BIGPAUNCHED, Abdominous. 
 BIGEMINAL BODIES, Quadrigemina tuber- 
 cula. 
 
 BIGGAR. A disease of Bengal, remarkable 
 for the intensity and danger of the cerebral 
 symptoms. — Twining. 
 
 BIG-LEAF, Magnolia macrophylla. 
 BIGLES, see Strabismus. 
 
 BIGNO'NIA CAPREOLA'TA, B. crucig"era ; 
 indigenous. The root and plant are employed, 
 like sarsaparilla, in infusion and decoction, in 
 syphilis, chronic rheumatism, and in cachexia 
 in general. 
 
 BiGNONiA Catalpa, Catalpa — b. Crucigera, B, 
 capreolata. 
 
 Bigno'nia In'dica. The leaves are employed 
 in India, as emollients, to ulcers. 
 
 Bignonia Leucox'ylon, Trumpet tree. A South 
 American tree, the sap of which is the surest an- 
 tidote against the manchineel. — Schleiden. 
 
 Bignoxia Radicans, Tecomaradicans — b. Sem- 
 pervirens, Gelseminum nitidum. 
 BIJON, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 BIKH, Aconitum ferox. 
 BILATE OF SODA, Picromel. 
 BILATERAL SYMMETRY, see Symmetry. 
 BILAZAY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bila- 
 zay is a town in France, two leagues from Thouar, 
 department of Deux Sevres, near which is a ther- 
 mal sulphureous spring. Temperature about 77° 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 I BILBERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus— b. Red, 
 Vaocinium vitis idsea. 
 
 BILE, Bilis, Pel, Chol'os, Chole, Choler, (F.) 
 
 Bile, Fiel. A yellow, greenish, viscid, bitter, 
 nauseous fluid, secreted by the liver. It is dis- 
 tinguished into hepatic and cystic ; according as 
 it flows immediately into the duodenum from the 
 liver or from the gall-bladder. It contains, ac- 
 cording to Muratori, water; a peculiiir fatty 
 matter ; colouring matter ( Cholepyr'rhin or Bili- 
 pihcB'in, ilatiere Jaune de la Bile; cholesterin, 
 combined with soda; picromel or biliu; extract 
 of flesh, mucus; soda, phosphate of soda; phos- 
 phate of lime, and chloride of sodium. 
 
 The use of the bile is to remove from the body 
 superfluous hydro-carbon ; and it is probably in- 
 servient to useful purposes in digestion. 
 
 Bile, Furunculus — b. Black, Atrabilis — b, de 
 Boruf, see Bile — b. Repandue, Icterus. 
 
 Bile of the Bear, Gall of the Bear, Fel Ursi, 
 was thought to be anti-epileptic; and that of the 
 Eel, Fel anyuil'lce, to facilitate labour. 
 
 Bile op the Ox, Gall of the Ox, Ox Gall, Fel 
 Tauri sen Bovis seu Bovi'num, (F.) Bile ou Fiel 
 ou Amer de Boeuf, was once reputed cosmetic and 
 detergent, anti-otalgic and emmenagogue ; as 
 well as to possess the power of facilitating labour. 
 It has also been given as a bitter stomachic and 
 anthelmintic; and as a tonic and laxative, in 
 cases of deficiency of the biliary secretion. 
 
 Bile of the Swine, Bilis porci'na, inspissated, 
 has been used in the same cases as the bile of 
 the ox. 
 
 BIL'IARY, Bilia'ris, Bilia'rius, Fel'leus, 
 (F.) Biliaire. That which relates to bile. 
 
 Bil'iary Appara'tus, B. organs, B. passages. 
 The collection of parts that concur in the secre- 
 tion and excretion of bile — viz., the liver, pori 
 biliari or tubuli biliferi ; hepatic, cystic, and 
 choledoch ducts, and gall-bladder. 
 
 Bil'iary Concre'tions are concretions found 
 in some parts of the biliary apparatus. 
 
 Biliary Ducts, Pori biliarii. 
 
 BILIEUX, Bilious. 
 
 BILIA'TION, Bilia'tio; from biUs, 'bile.' 
 The excretion of bile; as urination means the 
 excretion of urine. 
 
 BILIFUL'VINE; from bilis, 'bile,' and /u^- 
 vus, 'reddish yellow.' The colouring matter of 
 the bile of the ox. — Berzelius. 
 
 BILIMBI, Averrhoa bilimbi. 
 
 BILIMBING TERES, Averrhoa bilimbi. 
 
 BILIN, Picromel. 
 _ BIL'IOUS, Bilio'sns, Chol'icus, Chol'ius, Fel- 
 lin'eus, Epich'olos, Picroch'olos, Fel'leus, (F.) 
 Bilieux; from bilis, 'bile.' That which relates 
 to bile, contains bile, or is produced by bile. An 
 epithet given to certain constitutions and diseases, 
 which are believed to be the effect of superabun- 
 dance of the biliary secretion; as Bilious tempe- 
 rament, B. symptoms, B. fever. 
 
 BILIPH^IN, see Bile. 
 
 BILIS FLUXIO, Cholera morbus. 
 
 BILITICUS, Cholagogue. 
 
 BILIVERD'IN, from bilis, 'bile,' and viridis, 
 'green.' On adding an acid to a solution of the 
 yellow colouring matter of bile, a precipitate of 
 green flocculi takes place, which possesses all the 
 properties of chlorophyll, or the green colouring 
 matter of leaves. This is the biliverdin of Ber- 
 zelius. 
 
 BILNA, MINERAL WATERS OF, see Piillna. 
 
 BILOCULAR, see Unilocular. 
 
 BILUMBI BITING-BING, Malus Indiea. 
 
 BI'MANUS, from hi and manus, 'a hand.' 
 One that has two hands. A term applied only 
 to man, because he is the sole mammiferous ani- 
 mal that possesses two perfect hands. 
 
 BINDER-, Bandage. 
 
 BINDERS. OBSTETRIC, see Belt, Russian. 
 
 BINDWEED, Polygonum aviculare — b. Fid- 
 dle-leaved, Convolvulus panduratus — b. Great, 
 
BINDWOOD 
 
 128 
 
 BISMUTH 
 
 Convolvulus sepium — b. Hedge, Convolvulus 
 sepium — b. Lavender-leaved, Convolvulus Can- 
 tabriea — -b. Sea, Convolvulus soldanclla — b. Vir- 
 ginian. Convolvulus pandurattts. 
 BINDWOOD, Hedera belix. 
 BINKOHUMBA, Phyllanthus urinaria. 
 BINOCULAR, Binocula'ris : same etymon as 
 the next. Relating to or affecting both eyes — as 
 'hinocular vision' — vision with both eyes; or from 
 impressions made upon both retinae, which are 
 amalgamated into sinc/Je vision. 
 
 BINOC'ULUS, Bin'ocle, Diophthal'mica Fas'- 
 cia, Oc'nlis duplex, from hi and oenhis, "an eye.' 
 (F.) CEIl double. A bandage applied over both 
 eyes. It was also formerly called DiophthaV - 
 nuts. 
 
 BIN'SICA. A Rabbinical term for disorder 
 of the mind. According to Van Helmont, an 
 atrophy of the organ of imagination. 
 BIOCHYMIA, Chymistry, vital. 
 BIOD, Vis vitalis. 
 
 BIODYNAM'ICS, Biodynam'ica, Biodynam'- 
 ice, Biosoph'ia, from /?ioy, 'life,' and ivvujxi^, 
 'power/ 'force.' The doctrine of the vital ac- 
 tivity or forces. 
 
 EIOGAMIA, Magnetism, animal. 
 BIOL'OGY, from /?iof, 'life,' and \oyo?, 'a de- 
 scription.' The doctrine of life or of living bo- 
 dies. — Physiology. " Bioloc/iccd phenomena" are 
 those presented by living bodies. 
 
 BIOLYCH'NION, Biohjch'ninm, from ,S(Of, 
 'life/ and Xv^viov, 'a lamp.' Innate heat, vital 
 heat, animal heat. Lych'nium, LycJinid'ium, 
 Thernium em'phytum, Flamma seu Flam'mula 
 vita'lis seu cordis. Also, a secret preparation of 
 which Beguin and Burgrate make mention. 
 BIOLYSIS, see Biolytic. 
 
 BIOLYT'IC, Biolyt'icns; from iSiof, 'life,' and 
 >tJo-tf, ' solution.' Relating to the destruction of 
 life. A 'biolytic agent' is one that tends to 
 hiol'ysis, or destruction of life. A depressing 
 ngent. — Schultz. 
 
 BIOMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism, animal. 
 BIONOMY, Phvsiolngv. 
 BIOPH^NOMENOLOGIA, Physiology. 
 BIOS, (Sto;. Life. Also, what is necessary for 
 the preservation of life. 
 
 BIOSOPHIA, Biodynamies. 
 BIOSTATICS. Statistics, medical. 
 BIOTAX'Y, Taxon'omy, from /3iof, 'life,' and 
 ra^if, -order, arrangement.' The arrangement or 
 co-ordination of living organisms, according to 
 their external characters. 
 BIOTE, Life. 
 
 BIOTHAN'ATL Biaiothan'ati, from Ptog, 
 'life,' and ^avarog, 'death.' Those who die of a 
 violent death very suddenly, or as if there was 
 no space between life and death. 
 BiOTIC, Vital. 
 BIOTICS, Physiology. 
 BIOTOMIA, Vivisection. 
 BIOTOS. Life. 
 
 BIPARI'ETAL, Biparieta'lls, (F.) Biparii- 
 tnl, from hi and parietale (os), 'the parietal bone.' 
 An epithet for the diameter of the cranium from 
 one parietal fossa to the other. 
 
 BIPARIETAL SUTURE, Sagittal suture. 
 BIPIN'NA, from bi, and pinna, 'a wing- 
 feather.' A term used by the ancients for a 
 diminutive penis, not exceeding in size two 
 quills. 
 
 BIR, Thorax. 
 BIRA, Cerevisia. 
 
 BIRCH, Betula alba— b. Black, Betula lenta— 
 b. Cherry, Betula lenta — b. Sweet, Betula lenta. 
 BIRDS' BREAD, Sedum acre. • 
 BIRDS' NEST. Ilypopitys lanuginosa. 
 BIRK, Betula alba. 
 BIRTH, Parturition — b. Cross, Presentation, 
 
 preternatural — b. Live, see Born alive — b. Plural, 
 see Multiparous. 
 
 BIRTHWORT, Aristolochia— b. Snakeroot, 
 Aristolochia serpentaria. 
 
 BISCHE, Biecho. A malignant kind of dy- 
 sentery, which often prevails in the island of 
 Trinidad. 
 
 BISCUIT, Biscoc'tits ; bis, 'twice,' and eoctus, 
 'baked,' (F.) bis and cuit, 'twice baked.' A 
 kind of dry, hard bread, or cake, which is va- 
 riously made; and, when without eggs or butter, 
 is easy of digestion. It was formerly called Bi- 
 pyri'tes, and Di'p>yros. Medic"inal OR Mf.d'i- 
 CATED Biscuits, (F.) Biscuits 3Iedicinaux, Masse- 
 pains, Macarons, are occasionally made by add- 
 ing to biscuit paste a medicinal solution or 
 powder, and baking the mass. 
 
 BISCUIT, MEAT. An alimentary prepara- 
 tion, proposed by Mr. G. Borden, Jr., of Texas, 
 which consists in combining the matters, ex- 
 tracted from meat by boiling, with flour, so as to 
 form biscuits : which keep well, and are of course 
 nutritive. 
 
 BISCUITS MEDICINA UX, see Biscuit. 
 
 BISERMAS, Salvia sclarea. 
 
 BISFERIENS, Dicrotus. 
 
 BISH, Aconitum ferox. 
 
 BISHOP'S WEED, Ammi. 
 
 BISLINGUA, Ruscus hypoglossum. 
 
 BISMALVA, AlthsBa. 
 
 BISMUTH, Autimo'niiim album, Chal'citas, 
 Luna imperfec'ta, Stannum glacia'le seu cine'i-eum, 
 Bismu'thum, Wismu' thum, Reg'ulus of Bia'math, 
 Ifarcasi'tn, Tin glass, (F.) Etain gris, E. de 
 Glace. A metal, in spicular plates, of a yel- 
 lowish-white colour; s. gr. 9.822; fusible at 400° 
 Fahrenheit, and volatilizable at a high tempera- 
 ture. It is used only in the preparation of the 
 subnitrate. 
 
 Bismuth, Nitrate of. Bismuth, Subnitrate of 
 — b. Oxide of. Bismuth, Subnitrate of — b. Oxide 
 of, white, Bismuth, Subnitrate of — b. Regulus of, 
 Bismuth. 
 
 Bismuth, Subnitrate of, Bismu'tlii suhni'tras 
 seu Nitras, 3Iarcasi'ta alba. Plumbum cine'reum, 
 Magiate'rium Marcasi' tcB seu Bismuihi, Bismu'- 
 thum Nit'ricum seu Suhnit'ricum, Nitras Siihbis- 
 niu'tJiicnm, Calx Vismu'thi. Bismu'thum oxydula'- 
 tum album, Bismuthum album, Suhaz'otas bismu'^ 
 ticus. Oxide of Bismuth, Nitrate of Bismuth, 
 White Bismuth, Trisnitrate of Bismuth, White 
 Oxide of Bismuth, 3Iag"istery of Bismuth, Pearl 
 White, Spanish White. (F.) Sousnitrate ou sous- 
 azotate de bismuth, Oxide blanc de B., Blanc de 
 fard, Blanc de perle. (Bismuth, in frustulis, ^j. 
 Acid nitric, f ^ij. Aq. destilL q. s. Mix a fluid- 
 ounce of distilled water with the nitric acid, and 
 dissolve the bismuth in the mixture. When the 
 solution is complete, pour the clear liquor into 
 three pints of distilled water, and set the mixture 
 by, that the powder may subside. Lastly, having 
 poured off the supernatant fluid, wash the sub- 
 nitrate of bismuth with distilled water, wrap it 
 in bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle heat. 
 Ph. U. S.) It is considered to be tonic and 
 antispasmodic, and has been chiefly used in 
 gastrodynia. 
 
 Bismuth, Trisnitrate of. Bismuth, sub- 
 nitrate of. 
 
 Bismuth, Vai.e'rianate of, Bismu'thi valeri- 
 a'nas, Bismu'thum valerian'icnm. Prepared by 
 mixing a neutral solution of oxide of bismuth in 
 nitric acid, with valerianate of soda ; washing, 
 and drying the precipitate. Used in gastrodynia, 
 chronic gastralgia, neuralgia, and chronic palpi- 
 tation, as a nervine. Dose, i a grain to 2 grainsy* 
 three or four times a day, in pill. 
 
 Bismuth, White, Bismuth, subnitrate of. 
 
BISMUTIII NITRAS 
 
 ] 29 
 
 BLJESOPODES 
 
 BISMUTHI NITRAS, Bismuth, subnitrate I! 
 of — b. Valerianas, Bismuth, valerianate of. 
 
 BISMUTHUM, Bismuth— b. Album, Bismuthi 
 subnitras — b. Nitricum, Bismuth, subnitrate of — 
 b. Oxydulatum album, Bismuth, subnitrate of — 
 b. Subnitricum, Bismuth, subnitrate of — b. Vale- 
 rianicum. Bismuth, valerianate of. 
 
 BISPIRUS, Dipnoos. 
 
 BISSUM, Hvdrangea arborescens. 
 
 BISTORT, OFFICINAL, Polygonum bistorta 
 — b. Virginian, Polygonum virginianum. 
 
 BISTrJRTA, Polygonum bistorta. 
 
 BISTORTE, Polygonum bistorta, 
 
 BISTORTIER, (F.) A name given by the 
 Pharmacien to a long wooden pestle used for 
 reducing soft substances to powder, and in the 
 preparation of electuaries. 
 
 BISTOURI, (F.) PistoAen'sis gla'dius, Scal- 
 pel'lns, Scal'peum, Bis'toury. A small cutting- 
 knife, used in surgery, — so called, according to 
 Huet, from the town of Pistori, which was for- 
 merly celebrated for the manufacture of those 
 instruments. A bistoury has the form of a small 
 knife, and is composed of a blade and a handle. 
 The blade, which is most commonly movable in 
 the handle, maybe fixed by a button, spring, &c. 
 When fixed in the handle, the bistouri is called 
 by the French, B. d lame fixe ou dormante. 
 
 The chief bistouries are : — 1. The straight B. 
 (F.) B. droit, in which the blade and cutting 
 edge are straight, the point being fine, round, or 
 square. 2. The convex B. (F.) B. convexe ; the 
 blade of which is convex at the cutting edge, 
 concave at the back. 3. The concave B. (F.) 
 B. concave ; the blade of which is concave at its 
 edge, and convex at the back. 4. Blunt-pointed 
 B. (F.) B. houtonne ; the blade of which has a 
 button at its extremity. 5. The blunt or probe- 
 pointed Bistoury of Pott ; concave at its cut- 
 ting edge, and its point blunt; so that it can be 
 carried on the palmar surface of the index finger, 
 to divide the stricture, in strangulated hernia. 
 Sir Astley Cooper has recommended a useful 
 modification of this, to avoid wounding the intes- 
 tine, should it come in contact with the edge of 
 the knife. His Bistoury has an edge of not more 
 than eight lines in length, situate about five lines 
 from the point. 6. Bistouri a la lime, (F.) is 
 a straight bistoury ; the blade fixed in the handle, 
 the extremity with a button, and the edge made 
 with a file. It is chiefly used for dilating parts. 
 7. Bistouri Royal. (F.) A Bistouri used in ope- 
 rating upon Louis XIV., for fistula in ano. 8. 
 Bistouri gastrique, (F.) A complicated instru- 
 ment, invented by Morand, for dilating wounds 
 of the abdomen. 9. Bistouri cache, B. herniaire, 
 ou Attrajye-lourdaud de Biennaise, Forceps de- 
 eepto'ria. A curved bistouri, the blade of which 
 is placed in a canula, whence it issues on pressing 
 a spring. 
 
 The word Bistouri is used by the French, at 
 times, where we would employ knife. 
 BITCH-DAUGHTER, Incubus. 
 BITNOBEN, Salt of Bitu'men, Padnoon, Sou- 
 cherloon, Khala mimnc. A white, saline sub- 
 stance, which is a Hindoo preparation of great 
 antiquity, and has been supposed to be the Sal 
 aspJialii'tes and Sal Sodome'nus of the ancients. 
 It is used by the Hindoo in the prevention or 
 cure of almost all diseases. 
 
 BITHNIMAL'C-4, Gas'teranax. Two unmean- 
 ing words, used by Dolaus, to designate an active 
 principle supposed to have its seat in the stomach, 
 and to preside over chymification, &c. 
 BITIOS DE KIS, Proctocace. 
 BITTER, Amarus — b. Bark, Pinckneya pu- 
 bens — b. Bloom, Chironia angularis — b. Holy, 
 
 Hiera piora — b. Redberry, Cornus Florida — b. 
 
 Root, Apocynum androsamifolium, Gentiana 
 
 Catesbaei, Menyanthes verna — b. Sweet night- 
 shade, Solanum Dulcamara — b. Sweet vine, So- 
 lanum Dulcamara — b. Welter's, Acid, carbazotic. 
 
 BIT'TERNESS,.4 /nariVii'c^o, Arnarit' ies, Ama'- 
 ror, Pi'cria, (F.) Amertume. A particular taste, 
 which belongs to many substances. In some 
 diseases there is a sense of bitterness felt in the 
 mouth. 
 
 BITTERS, COLUMBO, Tinctura Calumbse — 
 b. Spirit, Tinctura gentianee composita — b. Wine, 
 Vinum gentianaj compositum. 
 
 BITTERSWEET, Solanum dulcamara. 
 
 BITTERWEED, Ambrosia trifida. 
 
 BITTERWOOD TREE, Quassia. 
 
 BITTOS. A disease, in which the chief symp- 
 tom is an acute pain in the anus. — Chomcl. 
 
 BITUME BE JUDEE, Asphaltum. 
 
 BITUMEN, GLUTINOUS, Pissasphaltum — 
 b. Judaicum, Asphaltum — b. of Judaa, Asphal- 
 tum — b. Petroleum, Petrolaeum — b. Malta, Pissas- 
 phaltum — b. Salt of, Bitnoben — b. Solidum, As- 
 phaltum. 
 
 BIVENTER, Digastrieus— b. Cervicis, Com- 
 plexus musculus — b. Maxillae, Digastrieus. 
 
 BIVENTRAL LOBE OF THE CEREBEL- 
 LUM, see Lobe, biventral. 
 
 BIXA AMERICANA, see Terra Orleana — b. 
 Orleana, see Terra Orleana — b. Orellana, see 
 Terra Orleana. 
 
 BLABE, AVound. 
 
 BLACCI^, Rubeola. 
 
 BLACIA, Debility. 
 
 BLACKBERRY, AMERICAN, see Rubus 
 fruticosus — b. High or Standing, see Rubus fru- 
 ticosus. — b. Low, Rubus trivialis. 
 
 BLACK BOTTLE, see Infusum Sennse. 
 
 BLACK DOSE, see Infusum Sennfe. 
 
 BLACK DRAUGHT, see Infusum Senna. 
 
 BLACK DROP, GuttES nigree. 
 
 BLACK LION. A term given to a sloughing 
 syphilitic ulcer, under which the British soldiers 
 suffered greatly in Portugal. 
 
 BLACK ROOT, Aletris farinosa, Pteroeaulon 
 pyonostachyum, Leptandria purpurea. 
 
 BLACKWATER, Pyrosis. 
 
 BLACTIiE, Rubeola. 
 
 BLADDA, Buttermilk. 
 
 BLADDER, Urinary Bladder. 
 
 Bladder, F ascic'ulated. A condition 
 of the bladder in which the interior of the 
 organ is marked by strong reticulated ridges or 
 columns. 
 
 Bladder, Gall, see Gall Bladder — b. Irrita- 
 ble, Cysterethismus. 
 
 Bladder, Sac'culated. A condition of the 
 bladder, in which the mucous coat protrudes 
 through the muscular, so as to produce a hernia, 
 which may go on increasing, so as to form a 
 ves'ieal sae'eulus or appen'dix vesi'cm. 
 
 Bladder, Swim, Air bladder — b. Urinary, see 
 Urinary Bladder. 
 
 BLADEBONE, Scapula. 
 
 BLADOCH, Buttermilk. 
 
 BLADON SPRINGS. Mineral springs in 
 Alabama, about 85 miles from Mobile, which are 
 said to be similar in composition to those of Selt- 
 zer, Spa, and Aix-la-Chapelle, of Europe. 
 BLADUM, Ble. 
 
 BLAEBERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus. 
 BL^'SITAS, BlcBsa lingua. Some authors have 
 used this word as synonymous with stammering. 
 See Balbuties. Sauvages understands by it a 
 defect in pronunciation, which consists in substi- 
 tuting soft consonants for those that are hard; 
 as the z for s, the d for t, the s for 6 and j, &e. 
 Also, Lisping, Traulis'mus, Trau'lotea, (F.) Ble- 
 site, Ble (parler). 
 
 BL^SOPODES, see Kyllosis. 
 
BLiESOPUS 
 
 130 
 
 BLENNOGENOUS 
 
 BL^SOPUS, see Kyllosis. 
 
 BLiESUS. A distortion; especially the out- 
 ward distortion of ttie legs. Also, a stammerer. 
 
 BLAFARD, (F.) Pal'Udus, Pallkl'ulus. This 
 epithet is sometimes given to the skin, when pale 
 and dull ; but, most frequently, to the flesh of a 
 wound, when it has lost its colour, and become 
 white. The word is, also, sometimes used syno- 
 nymously with Albino. 
 
 BLAIIST, (Sax.) blejene, Blexne. A pustule; a 
 botch ; a blister. In Scotland, a mark left by a 
 wound ; the discolouring of the skin after a sore. 
 — Jamieson. 
 
 BLAK OF THE EIE, Pupil. 
 
 BLANC D' ARGENT, Plumbi subcarbonas— 
 h. de Baleine, Cetaceum — b. de Cerus^e, Plumbi 
 subcarbonas — h. de Crems, Plumbi subcarbonas 
 — h. de Fard, Bismuth, subnitrate of — 6. de 
 Kremnitz, Plumbi subcarbonas — 6. de Krem^, 
 Plumbi subcarbonas — b. de I'GEil, Sclerotic — b. 
 d'QSuf, Albumen ovi — b. de Perle, Bismuth, sub- 
 nitrate of — 6. de Plomb, Plumbi subcarbonas — 6. 
 de Zinc, Zinci oxydum. 
 
 BLANC-MANGER (F.), Cibus albu^, Leuco- 
 pha'gium, Leucoph' agum, Argijrotrophe' ma. An 
 animal jelly, so called on account of its colour, 
 combined with an emulsion of sweet almonds, to 
 which sugar has been added, and some aromatic. 
 It is sometimes prescribed as a nutriment in con- 
 Yalescence and chronic diseases, 
 
 BLANC-RAISIN, Blanc Rhazis. 
 
 BLANC RHAZIS, Blanc-raisin. An ointment 
 composed of cerusa, white wax, and olive oil. 
 
 BLANCA, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 
 BLANCH, from (F.) Uanchir, 'to whiten, 
 to bleach.' To whiten by depriving of the outer 
 rind ; as 'to blanch almonds ;' i. e. to peel them. 
 
 BLANCHE!, (F.) A blanket A term given 
 by the French Pharmaciens to the woollen 
 strainer through which they filter syrup and 
 other thick fluids. See, also, Aphthae. 
 
 BLANCHING, Etiolation — b. of the hair. 
 Canities. 
 
 BLANCNON ORIBASII, Polypodium filix 
 mas. 
 
 BLAS An unmeaning term invented by Van 
 Helmont to designate a kind of movement in the 
 body ; at times, local, — at others, under extrane- 
 ous influence. Thus, he speaks of the Bias mete- 
 oros of the heavenly bodies, and the Bias huma'- 
 num, that which operates in man. 
 
 Blas Alterativum, Plastic force. 
 
 BLASE, (F.) 'cloyed.' An epithet given to 
 one whom the abuse of enjoyment has prevented 
 from any longer deriving satisfaction or pleasure 
 from it. 
 
 BLAST, Couta'gio, (Sas.) blaj-t, (G.) blasen, 
 'to blow.' The infection of any thing pestilen- 
 tial. The stroke of some sudden plague. 
 
 BLASTE'MA, Blaste'sis, (F.) Blo'^ihne, from 
 PXaaravi^, ' I bud.' A germ. The sense of this 
 word, which is often used by Hippocrates, is ob- 
 scure. Castelli thinks it means the eruption of 
 some morbific principle at the surface of the body. 
 Also, the matrix or general formative element of 
 tissues. 
 
 Blastema Pili, see Hair. 
 
 BLAS'TEMAL, Blastema' lis. Relating or ap- 
 pertaining to a blastema, — as 'blastemal forma- 
 tions,' those that are formed from a blastema. 
 
 BLASTOCARDIA, see Molecule. 
 
 BLASTODERMA, see Molecule. 
 
 BLATTA BYZAN'TIA, Unguis odora'tus, (F.) 
 Blatte de Byzance. This name seems, formerly, 
 to have been given to a marine production from 
 some of the Conchylia. It had an agreeable 
 smell, a reddish tint, and the shape of a nail. It 
 was prescribed in epilepsy, h}'steria, and hepatic 
 obstructions. Rondclet affirms, that it was the 
 
 production of the shell-fish murex or pitrpura / 
 and that the name Blatta is derived from the 
 Greek fiXarros, 'purple.' 
 
 BLAVELLE, Centaurea cyanus. 
 BLA YE OLE, Centaurea cj'anus. 
 BLAVEROLLE, Centaurea eyanus. 
 
 BLAWING, Swelling. 
 
 BLAWORT, Centaurea cyanus. 
 
 BLAZING-STAR, Chamaslirium luteum, Li- 
 atris. 
 
 BLE, Bladum. This word answers, in France, 
 to the word Corn in England; i. e. any kind of 
 grain employed for making bread. Wheat being 
 most commonly used for this purpose, Ble is 
 sometimes restricted to this. Ble meteil is a 
 mixture of wheat and rye. 
 
 BLE CORNU',lS,rgot—b. d'Espagne, Zea mays 
 — b. d'ltalie, Zea mays — b. Bleteil, see Ble — ■ 
 5. Noir, Polygonum fagopyrum — b. de Turquie, 
 Zea mays. 
 
 BLE (PARLER,) Blsesitas. 
 
 BLEABERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus. 
 
 BLEACHING, Dealbation — b. Liquid, Eau de 
 Javelle. 
 
 BLEAREDNESS, Lippitudo. 
 
 BLEAR-EYE, Lippitudo. 
 
 BLEAR-EYED, Lippus. 
 
 BLEAR-EYEDNESS, Lippitudo, 
 
 BLEB, Bulla. 
 
 BLECHNON, Polypodium fills mas. 
 
 BLECHNUM LIGNIFOLIUM, Asplenium 
 Scolopendrium — b. Squamosum, Asplenium ce- 
 terach. 
 
 BLECHROPYRA, see Blechros. 
 
 BLECHROPYRUS, Typhus mitior. 
 
 BLECHROS, ISXrixpoi, 'weak, feeble, slow.' 
 An epithet applied to different affections, and 
 particularly to fevers. Hence Blechrop'yra, 'a 
 slow fever:' Blechrosphyg'mia, 'a slow pulse.' 
 
 BLECHROSPHYGMIA, see Blechros. 
 
 BLED, Corn — b. Avorte, Ergot — 6. Farouche, 
 Er2;ot. 
 
 BLEDOCH, Buttermilk. 
 
 BLEEDING, Bloodletting, Hsemorrhagia. 
 
 BLEEDING FROM THK NOSE, Epistaxis. 
 
 BLEEDING HEART, Cjpripedium luteum— 
 b. Boist. Cupping glass. 
 
 BLEIB, Bulla. 
 
 BLEJNE, Blain. 
 
 BLE ME, (F.) This word has nearly the same 
 signification as Blafard. Generally, however, it 
 includes, also, emaciation of the countenance. 
 
 BLENCYSTORRHEE, Cystirrhoea. 
 
 BLENNA, Mucus — b. Narium, Nasal mucus. 
 
 BLENNADENI'TIS, from fiXtwa. 'mucus,' 
 a^riv, 'a gland,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of mucous follicles. 
 
 BLENNELYT'RIA, from ^X^wa, 'mucus,' and 
 iXvTpov, 'a sheath.' A discharge of mucus from 
 the vagina. Leucorrhoea. — Alibert. 
 
 BLENNEM'ESIS. Blennoem' esis, Vom'itus 
 pituito'sus, from fiXtwa, ' mucus,' and tyisais, 
 'vomiting.' Vomiting of mucus. 
 
 BLENNENTERIA, Dysentery. 
 
 BLENNISTH'MIA, from ^Xtvva, 'mucus,' and 
 laS/jios, 'the gullet.' Increased flow of mucus 
 from the pharynx and larynx. — Alibert. 
 
 BLENNOCHEZIA, Diarrhoea, mucous. 
 
 BLENNOCYSTIDES, Bursse mucosa. 
 
 BLENNOCYSTITE, Cystirrhoea. 
 
 BLENNODES, Mueiform. 
 
 BLENNOEMESIS, Blennemesis. 
 
 BLENN0G"ENOUS, Blennog"enus, Mucific, 
 Mueif'icus, from fiXtvva, 'mucus,' and yevvaii}, 'I 
 form.' Forming or generating mucus. Breschet 
 and Roussel de Vauzeme describe an apparatus 
 
BLENNOIDES 
 
 131 
 
 BLIGHT IN THE EYE 
 
 of this kind for the secretion of the mucous mat- 
 ter that constitutes the cuticle, composed of a 
 glandular parenchyma or organ of secretion situ- 
 ate in the substance of the true skin, and of 
 excretory duets, which issue from the organ, 
 find deposite the mucous matter between the 
 papillse. 
 
 BLENNOIDES. Muciform. 
 
 BLENNOIDEUS, Muciform. 
 
 BLENNOMETRITIS, see Leucorrhoea. 
 BLENNOPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia, (puru- 
 lent.) 
 
 BLENNOP'TYSIS, from ^Xcvva, and tttvoi, 'I 
 spit.' Expectoration of mucus. Catarrh. 
 
 BLENNOP'YRA, Blennopy'ria, from ^\tvva, 
 and TTup, 'fire.' Alibert has classed, under this 
 head, various fevers with mucous complications ; 
 as Mesenteric fener, Adeiio-meninqeal fever, &c. 
 
 BLENNORRHAGIA, Gonorrhoea— b. Genita- 
 lium, Leucorrhoea — b. Notha, Gonorrhoea spuria 
 — b. Spuria, Gonorrhoea spuria. 
 
 BLBNNORRHAG"IC, Blen,wrrkag"{cus, (F.) 
 Blennorrhagiqne, from ^Xevva, ' mucus,' and 
 priyvviit, •'! break forth.' Ptelating or appertain- 
 ing to blennorrhagia or gonorrhoea. 
 
 Blennorehagic Epididymitis, Hernia humo- 
 ralis. 
 
 BLENNORRHAGIE FAUSSE, Gonorrhoea 
 spuria — b. du Gland, Gonorrhoea spuria. 
 
 BLENNORRHEE, Blennorrhoea. 
 
 BLENNORRHINIA, Coryza, 
 
 BLENNORRHCE'A, Blennor'rhoe, Blennor- 
 rhag"ia, Phlegmorrlue' a, Phlegmorrhag"ia, (F.) 
 Blennorrhee, from 0\cvva, 'mucus,' and ptu, 'I 
 flow.' Inordinate secretion and discharge of mu- 
 cus. Also, Gonorrhoea. 
 
 Blennorrhcea Chronica, (gleet,) see Gonor- 
 rhoea — b. Genitalium, Leucorrhoea — b. Luodes, 
 Gonorrhosaimpura — b. Nasalis, Coryza — b. Oculi, 
 see Ophthalmia — b. Oculi gonorrhoica, see Oph- 
 thalmia — b. Oculi neonatorum, see Ophthalmia — 
 b. Oculi purulenta,see Ophthalmia — b. Urethralis, 
 Gonorrhoea, Cystorrhrea — b. Ventriculi, Gastror- 
 rhoea — b. Vesicce, Cystorrhosa. 
 
 BLENNO'SES, from ^Xiwa, 'mucus.' AfiFec- 
 tions of the mucous membranes. — Alibert. 
 
 BLENNOTHORAX, Catarrh, Peripneumonia 
 notha— b. Chronicus, Asthma humidum. 
 
 BLENN0T0RRH(EA, Otirrhoea. 
 
 BLENNURETHRIA, Gonorrhoea. 
 
 BLENNURIA, Cystorrhrea. 
 
 BLEPHARADENITIS, Ophthalmia Tarsi. 
 
 BLEPHARANTHRACO'SIS, ^ZejoAart'- 
 tis gan/jfrcBHo'sa, Carbuncula' tio Oc'uli. Gangre- 
 nous inflammation of the eyelids. 
 
 BLEPHARELOSLS. Entropion. 
 
 BLEPHARIDES. Cilia. 
 
 BLEPHARIDOPLASTICE, Blepharoplastice. 
 
 BLEPHARISMUS, Nictation. 
 
 BLEPHARITIS, (inflammation of the eyelids,) 
 Ophthalmia tarsi — b. Gangrasnosa, Blepharan- 
 
 BLEPHAROBLENNORRHCEA, Ophthalmia, 
 purulent — b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia (pu- 
 rulenta infantum.) 
 
 BLEPH'ARO-CONJUNCTIVI'TIS, Blepha- 
 rosyndesmi'tis, from P>i£<papov, 'an eyelid,' con- 
 junctiva, and itis, denoting inflammation. Oph- 
 thalmia aflFecting the conjunctiva and eyelids. 
 
 BLEPHARODYSCHRCE'A, from ^Xcpapov, the 
 'eyelid,' Stis, 'with difiiculty,' and XP"") 'colour.' 
 Discoloration of the eyelid. Nsevus of the eye- 
 lid. — Von Ammon. 
 
 BLEPHARCEDEMA AQUOSUM, Hydroble- 
 pharon. 
 
 BLEPHARON, Palpebra— b. Atoniaton, Ble- 
 pharoptosis. 
 
 BLEPHARONCO'SIS, Blepharon'cus, Ble- 
 pharophy' ma, Palpelra'rum Tumor, from ^Xc(pa- 
 
 pov, 'eyelid,' and oyKo;, 'tumour.' A tumour of 
 the eyelid. 
 
 BLEPHARONCUS, Blepharoncosis. 
 BLEPHAROPHIMO'SIS, from (3Xc<papov, 'the 
 eyelid,' and (pt/ioq, 'a cord.' Congenital diminu- 
 tion of the space between the eyelids. — Ammon, 
 See Blepharostenosis. 
 
 BLEPHAROPTHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi 
 — b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia — b. Purulenta, 
 Blcpharopyorrhoea. 
 
 BLEPHAROPHTHALMITIS GLANDULO- 
 SA, Ophthalmia, purulent, of infants. 
 
 BLEPHAROPHYMA, Blepharoncosis. 
 
 BLEPHAROF'LAS'TIC^, Blepharidoplas'tice, 
 Insit"io Cilio'rum, Blepth'uroplanty, from (i\e<pa- 
 pov, 'the eyelid,' and irXatrTtKog, 'forming,' 'form- 
 ative.' The formation of a new eyelid. 
 
 BLEPHAROPLEGIA, Blepharoptosis. 
 
 BLEPHAROPTO'SIS, Blepharople'gia, Casm 
 pal'pebrce su2>erio'ris, Delop'siis seu Prolap'stis 
 seu Propto'sis seu Pto'sis pal'pebrcB, Atoniaton 
 Mepharon, from ^\e(l>aQov, 'the eyelid,' and Trrojo-ts, 
 'fall.' A falling down of the upper eyelid over 
 the eye, caused by a paralysis of the Levator 
 palpebrcB supierioris muscle. This paralysis is 
 an unfavorable symptom, as it is generally con- 
 nected with a state of the brain favouring apo- 
 plexy or palsy. 
 
 Blepharoptosis Ectropium, Ectropium — b. 
 Entropion, Entropion. 
 
 BLEPIIAR0PY0RRH(E'A, BlepTiarophthaV- 
 mia purulen'ta, Pyorrhce'a pal'pebrcB, from fiXeip- 
 apov, 'eyelid,' t:vov, 'pus,' and ptw, 'I flow.' Se- 
 cretion of pus from the eyelids. 
 
 Blepharopyorrhcea Neonatorum, see Oph- 
 thalmia (purulenta infantum.) 
 
 BLEPHARORRHCE'A, from PXtfapov, 'eye- 
 lid,' and pen), '1 flow.' A discharge of mucus 
 from the eyelids. 
 
 BLEPHAROSPAS'MUS, from l3Xt^,apov, 'eye- 
 lid,' and oTTaafiog, 'spasm.' A spasmodic action 
 or tic of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle. 
 
 BLEPHAROSTENO'SIS, from fiXe^apov, 'the 
 eyelid,' and irrfi-wo-ts, 'contraction.' Accidental 
 diminution of the space between the eyelids. — 
 Ammon. See Blepharophimosis. 
 _ BLEPHAROSYNDESMITIS, Blepharocon- 
 junctivitis. 
 
 BLEPHAROTIS, Ophthalmia tarsi — b. Glan- 
 dularis contagiosa, see Ophthalmia. 
 
 BLEPHAROTITIS, Ophthalmia tarsi. 
 
 BLEPHAROTOSIS, Ectropium. 
 
 BLEPHAROXY S'TUM, Blepharoxys'trum, 
 from fiXtijtapov, 'eyelid/ and (yw, 'I scrape.' An 
 instrument used, by the ancients, for removing 
 callosities, which made their appearance in the 
 afifection called, by the Greeks, Tpax<»iia. — Paulus 
 of ^gina, Gorraeus. 
 
 BLEPHIL'IA HIRSU'TA, Ohio Horsemint, 
 Hairy Horsemint, from ^\£(papig, ' an eyelash,' in 
 reference to its hairy fringed bracts. An indi- 
 genous plant of the Mint family, Labiate, which 
 has the aromatic properties of the Mints. 
 
 BLESITE, Blajsitas. 
 
 BLESSED HERB, Geum urbanum. 
 
 BLESSURE, Abortion, Wound. 
 
 BLESTRIS'MUS. Restlessness of the sick.— 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 BLETA. A word, used by Paracelsus for white 
 or milky urine, arising from diseased kidneys. 
 Biota alba has the same meaning. 
 
 BLEU BE BERLIN, Prussian blue — 6. de 
 Frmse, Prussian blue. 
 
 BLEUET BES MOISSONS, Cyanus sege- / 
 turn. ^ 
 
 BLEVILLE, MINERAL "WATERS OF. Blg- 
 ville is a village about two miles from Havre. 
 The waters are acidulous chalybeate. 
 
 BLIGHT IN THE EYE, Ophthalmia, catar- 
 
BLIGHTS 
 
 132 
 
 BLOOD-LETTING 
 
 rhal. Palsy of the orbicularis palpebrarum and 
 muscles of the eyebrow is also vulgarly called 
 blight. 
 
 BLIGHTS, see Lichen urticatus. 
 BLINDNESS, Caecitas — b. Colour, Achroma- 
 topsia — b. Day, Nyctalopia — b. Nervous, Amau- 
 rosis — b. Night, Hemeralopia — b. Snow, see 
 Snow blindness. 
 
 BLISTER, Veaicato'rium, Emplns'trum Yesica- 
 io'rinm seu Lytia, Epispaa' ticum, Ves'icant, Blis- 
 ter pilnster, (F.) Vesicatoire, Vesicant. Any sub- 
 Stance which, when applied to the skin, irritates 
 it, and occasions a serous secretion, raising the 
 epidermis, and inducing a vesicle. Various arti- 
 cles produce this effect, as cantharides, mustard, 
 garou, evpliorhium, garlic, ammonia, <fec. Blisters 
 are used as counter-irritants. By exciting a dis- 
 ease artificially on the surface, we can often re- 
 move another which may be at the time existing 
 internally. A perpetual blister is one that is 
 Ijept open for a longer or a shorter time by means 
 of appropriate dressings. 
 
 Blister or vesication, (Pfov.) Ercle,a\so means 
 the vesicle produced by vesicatories or other 
 causes. 
 
 Blister, Fever, see Fever blister. 
 Blister, Mag"istral, (F.) Vesicatoire magis- 
 tral. A prompt means of producing vesication 
 recommended by M. Valleix. It is prepared as 
 follows — Take powdered cantharides and icheat- 
 Jiour, of each equal parts ; vinegar, a sufficient 
 quantity to form a soft paste. 
 
 Blister Beetle, Cantharis — b. Fly, Cantha- 
 ris — b. Plaster, Blister. 
 
 BLISTERWEED, Ranunculus acris. 
 BLISTERING FLY, Cantharis— b. Paper, see 
 Sparadrapum vesicatorium — b. Tissue, Sparadra- 
 pum vesicatorium. 
 
 BLISTERS, WHITE, Rupia eseharotiea. 
 BLITUM AMERICAN Ux\L Phytolacca de- 
 candra. 
 
 BLOOD, Anglo-Saxon, bloS, from bletian, 'to 
 bleed.' Sanguis, Cruor, Lapis nnima'lis, HcBma, 
 'aiyta, (Old Eng.) Blede, (F.) Sang. An animal 
 fluid formed chiefly from the chyle ; acquiring 
 important properties during respiration ; entering 
 every organ through the circulation ; distributing 
 the nutritive principles to every texture, and the 
 source of every secretion. The blood is white in 
 the molluscous and inferior animals, which have 
 been, hence, called white-blooded, to distinguish 
 them from the red-blooded, which class includes 
 the mammalia, birds, reptiles, and fishes. Hu- 
 man blood is composed of water, albumen, fibrin, 
 an animal colouring substance, a little fatty mat- 
 ter — hmmatelcB'um — and different salts: as chlo- 
 rides of potassium and sodium, phosphate of lime, 
 subcarbonate of soda, lime, magnesia, oxide of 
 iron, and lactate of soda, united with an ani- 
 mal matter. Arterial blood is of a florid red 
 colour, strong smell ; s. g. 1.049. Venous blood 
 is of a brownish red ; s. g. 1.051. The difi"er- 
 ence in colour has given occasion to the first 
 being called red blood; the latter, black. The 
 former, which is distributed from the heart, is 
 nearly the same through its whole extent : the 
 latter is the remains of the arterial blood after 
 the different elements have been taken from it in 
 nutrition, and probably differs in composition. 
 It likewise contains different substances absorbed. 
 Venous blood, taken from a vessel and left to 
 itself, becomes solid, and separates into two dis- 
 tinct parts, — the serum or watery supernatant 
 fluid ; and the cruor, coag'vlum, crassamen'tum, 
 liepar seu j^lccen'ta san'guinis, plaeen'ta cruo'ris, 
 in'aula, thrombus, or clot. The serum is chiefly 
 water, holding albumen in solution and the salts 
 of the blood. The clot contains the fibrin, co- 
 louring matter — hcBmatosin, a little serum, and a 
 
 small quantity of salts. M. Le Canu found the 
 blood to be composed — in 1000 parts — of water, 
 785.590; albumen, 69.416 ; fibrin, 3.566 ; colour- 
 ing matter, 119.626; crystallizable fatty matter, 
 4.300; oily matter, 2.270; extractive matter so- 
 luble in alcohol and water, 1.920 ; albumen com- 
 bined with soda, 2.010 ; chlorides of sodium and 
 potassium; alkaline phosphates, sulphates, and 
 subcarbonates, 7.304; subcarbonate of lime and 
 magnesia, phosphate of lime, magnesia and iron, 
 peroxide of iron, 1.414; loss, 2.586. The four 
 principal components of the blood are fibrin, 
 albumen, corpuscles, and saline matter. In the 
 circidating blood they are thus combined — 
 
 In solution forming Liquor Sangui- 
 
 Fibrin, 
 Albumen, 
 
 Salts, 
 
 Red Corpuscles — suspended in the Liquor San- 
 guinis. 
 
 In coagulated blood they are thus combined: 
 
 Fibrin, ] Forming the crassamentum or 
 
 Red Corpuscles, J clot. 
 
 Albumen, 1 Remaining in solution, forming 
 Salts, J serum. 
 
 The following table exhibits the computations 
 of difi"erent physiologists regarding the weight 
 of the circulating fluid — arterial and venous. 
 
 Harvey, 1 lbs. 
 
 Lister, 
 
 iloulins, 
 
 Abildguard, 
 
 Blumenbacb, 
 
 Lobb, V 10 
 
 Lower, J 
 
 Sprensel 10 to 15 
 
 Giinther 15 to 20 
 
 Blake 16| to 18^ 
 
 Mtiller and Burdach 20 
 
 Wagner 20 to 25 
 
 Quesnai 27 
 
 F. Hoffmann 28 
 
 Haller 28 to 30 
 
 Young 40 
 
 Hamberger 80 
 
 Keill 100 
 
 The proportion of arterial blood to venous is 
 about 4 to 9. 
 
 Much attention has been paid to the varying 
 condition of the blood in disease. The average 
 proportion of each of the organic elements in 
 1000 parts of healthy blood is as follows, accord- 
 ing to Le Canu, and MM. Andral and Gavarret: 
 — fibrin, 3 ; red corpuscles, 127 ; solid matter of 
 the serum, 80 ; water, 790. 
 
 Dried human blood was, at one time, consi- 
 dered to be anti-epileptic; that of the goat, dried, 
 Sanguis hirci sieca'tus; sudorific and antipleu- 
 retic. The dried blood of the ox — Extrac'tum 
 San'guinis Bovi'ni — and the dried red corpuscles 
 have been given as analeptics, especially where 
 there was a deficiency of red corpuscles. 
 
 Blood, Arterial, see Blood — b. Black, see 
 Blood — b. Black, vascular system of, see Vas- 
 cular. 
 
 Blood, Casein-, Globulin — b. Corpuscles, Glo- 
 bules of the blood — b. Disease, Hajmatonosus — 
 b. Disks, Globules of the blood. 
 ( Blood, Dried, see Blood — b. Loss of, Hsemor- 
 rhagia — b. Menstrual, see Menses — b. Red, see 
 Blood — b. Red, system of, see Vascular — b. Spit- 
 ting of, Hgemoptysis — b. Venous, see Blood — b. 
 Vomiting of, Hjematemesis — b. White, Lymph. 
 
 BLOOD CRYSTALS, Hsematoidin. 
 
 BLOODING. Blood-letting. 
 
 BLOODLESSNESS, Anjemia. 
 
 BLOOD-LETTING, ilissio seu Detrac'tio 
 ,i San'guinis, HcBmax'is, Cataschas'mus, Blooding, 
 
BLOODLIKE 
 
 133 
 
 BOE 
 
 Bleeding, (F.) Saignee, Emission sanguine. A 
 discharge of a certain quantity of blood produced 
 by art : an operation which consists in making 
 an opening into a vessel to draic or let blood from 
 it. When practised on an artery, it is called Ar- 
 teriot'umi/ ; on a vein, Phlebot'omy, Venmsec'tio, 
 Venesec'tion; and on the capillary vessels, local 
 or capillary, in contradistinction to the former, 
 which is termed general. Blood-letting is used 
 both during the existence of a disease, as in in- 
 flammation, and in the way of prophylaxis. It 
 is employed to fulfil various indications. 1. To 
 diminish the actual mass of blood ; — when it is 
 termed, by the French pathologists, Saignee eva- 
 cuative. In such ease, fluids ought not to be al- 
 lowed too freely afterwards. 2. To diminish the 
 turgescence in any particular organ — (F.) Saig- 
 nee revulsive, Revulsive blood-letting or bleeding, 
 VencBsec'tio revulso'ria, when performed far from 
 the part affected; and Saignee derivative, when 
 near. 3. To diminish the consistence of the blood, 
 (F.) Saignee spuliative. The immediate effects 
 of blood-letting are: diminution of the mass of 
 blood and of heat; retardation of the pulse, and 
 sometimes syncope. Blood-letting from the veins 
 — phlebotomy — is practised on the subcutaneous 
 veins of the neck, the face, the fore-arm, and the 
 leg ; sometimes on those of the hand or foot. 
 The necessary apparatus consists of a bandage 
 or riband, a compress of rag, and a lancet or 
 fleam. 
 
 The veins selected for the operation, are, 1. In 
 the fold of the arm, five; — the cephalic, basilic, 
 the two median, and the anterior cubital. 2. In 
 the hand, the cephalic and salvatella. 3. In the 
 foot, the great and little saphena. 4. In the neck, 
 the external jugular. 5. la the forehead, the 
 frontal. 6. In the mouth, the ranine. The ope- 
 ration of phlebotomy in the limbs is performed 
 by tying a circular bandage round the limb, in 
 order that the subcutaneous veins may become 
 turgid by the course' of the blood being ob- 
 structed: the bandage not being so tight, how- 
 ever, as to compress the arteries of the limb. A 
 puncture is made into the vein, and the desired 
 quantity allowed to flow. The ligature is now 
 removed, and a compress and retaining bandage 
 applied. Capillary or local blood-letting, arte- 
 rio -phlebot'omy, is practised on the skin or 
 mucuous membranes, by means of leeches, the 
 lancet, or cupping. 
 
 Blood-letting, CAPiLLARy, see Blood-letting 
 — b. Derivative, see Blood-letting — b. Evacuative, 
 see Blood-letting — b. General, see Blood-letting 
 — b. Local, see Blood-letting — b. Revulsive, see 
 Blood-letting — b. Spoliative, see Bloodletting. 
 
 BLOODLIKE, Sanguine. 
 
 BLOOD LIQUOR, Liquor Sanguinis. 
 
 BLOODROOT, Sanguinaria Canadensis. 
 
 BLOODSHOT, Hyperaemic. 
 
 BLOODSTONE, Hajmatites. 
 
 BLOODSTROKE, Conj,-de-sang. 
 
 BLOOD VESICLE, Globule of the blood. 
 
 BLOOD VESSEL, (F.) Vaisseati sanguin. A 
 vessel destined to contain and convey blood. 
 
 Blood Vessel, breaking, bursting, ruptu- 
 ring OF A. Haemorrhagia. 
 
 BLOODWEED, Asclepias curassavica. 
 
 BLOODWORT, Hieracium venosum, Sangui- 
 naria Canadensis. 
 
 BLOODY, Sanguin'ens, Cruen'tus, Sanguin'- 
 eous, (F.). Sanguin. Having the character of 
 blood. Relating to blood. See Sanguine. 
 
 BLOODY FLUX, Dysentery. 
 
 BLOOM, HONEY, Apocynum androssemifo- 
 lium. 
 
 BLOSSBURG MINERAL SPRINGS. The 
 town of Blossburg is in Tioga County, 133 miles 
 
 north of Harrisburg. They contain pure sulphu- 
 ric acid; and are astringent and tonic. 
 
 BLOSSOM, see Grog-blossom. 
 
 BLOTA ALBA, Bleta. 
 
 BLOTCH, (Prov.) Splavin, Sprote. A pustule; 
 more commonly, an eruption of a large kind. 
 
 BLOW, Ictus, Plege, (F.) Coup. Effect pro- 
 duced by one body striking another. The im- 
 pression made by any body which strikes us, or 
 against which we strike; — a common cause of 
 wounds, contusions, fractures, &o. 
 
 BLOWING SOUND, Bruit de Souffle — h. s. 
 Diffused, see Murmur, respiratory. 
 
 BLUE-BELLS, Gentiana catesbsei. 
 
 BLUE-BERRY, Caulophyllum thalictroides, 
 Lantana — b. Low, Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum. 
 
 BLUE-BONNETS, Cetaurea cyanus. 
 
 BLUE-BOTTLE, Centaurea cyanus, Cyanus 
 segetum. 
 
 BLUE LICKS, see Kentucky,MineralWaters of. 
 
 BLUE STONE, Cupri sulphas. 
 
 BLUET, Centaurea cyanus. 
 
 BLUET DES 3I0ISS0NS, Cyanus segetum. 
 
 BLUITER, Borborygmus. 
 
 BLUSH, see Flush. 
 
 Blush, Cutaneous, see Efiiorescence — b. In- 
 flammatory, Erythema. 
 
 BLUTTER, Borborygmus. 
 
 BOA, Boia. An eruption of red, ichorous pim- 
 ples. — Pliny. See, also, Hidroa and Sudamina. 
 
 Boa Upas, Upas. 
 
 BO^, Syphilis. 
 
 BOALA, see Scherlievo. 
 
 BOBEBRL Curcuma longa. 
 
 BOCHE, Swelling. 
 
 BOCCHOE, Diosma crenata. 
 
 BOCHET, Bochetum. 
 
 BOCHE'TUM, (F.) Bochet. A term formerly 
 applied to the second decoction of the sudorific 
 woods. The French word has been lately revived. 
 
 BOCHIUM, Bronchocele. 
 
 BOCHO, Diosma crenata. 
 
 BOCIUM, Bronchocele. 
 
 BOCK, Vomiturition. 
 
 BOOKING, Eructation, Vomiting. 
 
 BOOKLET, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 springs of Booklet, in Bavaria, are acidulous 
 chalybeates. 
 
 BODY, Corpus, Soma, (F.) Corps; from Teu- 
 tonic boden, the 'fundus or bottom.' [?] The 
 human body, (F.) Corps humain, (Old E.) Liche, 
 is the collection of organs which compose the 
 frame. At times, however, body is used synony- 
 mously with trunk. We say, also, body of the 
 femur, of the sphenoid, &c., to designate the shaft 
 or middle portion of those bones; body of the 
 tiferus, &c. Likewise, any distinct portion of 
 matter perceived by the senses. Also, the rectum. 
 
 Body, Coming down of the. Proctocele. 
 
 Body-Searcher, Searcher. One who formerly 
 examined the bodies of the dead to report as to 
 the cause of death. In the time of the plague 
 this was done by "the chirurgeons," who were 
 allowed "twelve pence," to be paid out of the 
 goods of the party searched, if able; otherwis-e, 
 by the parish. Until of late, this ofiice was exe- 
 cuted in England by two old women — called 
 'searchers'; and hence the imperfections of the 
 Bills of Mortality. In plague times, the ofiBce 
 was an important one; and, it is stated, that a 
 noted searcher, named Snacks, finding his busi- 
 ness increase so much, that he could not transact 
 it alone, offered to any one who would join him 
 in its hazards, half the profits; and they who 
 joined him were said to "go with Snacks." 
 Hence, the saying "to go Snacks," or to divide 
 the spoils. — Wadd. 
 
 BODY-SNATCHER, Resurrectionist. 
 
 BOE, Ci-j. 
 
BOELLI 
 
 134 
 
 BOX DUE 
 
 BOELLI, Intestines. 
 
 BOETHEMA, Medicament. 
 
 BOG-BEAN, Menyanthes trifoliata. 
 
 BOHON UPAS, Upas. 
 
 BOIA, Boa. 
 
 BOIL, Furunculus — b. Blind, see Furuncnlus — 
 b. Gum, Parulis — b. Malignant, see Eurunculus — 
 b. Wasp's nest, see Eurunculus. 
 
 BOIS AMER, Quassia — 6. de Camplehe, 
 Hsematoxylum Campechianum — h. de Cerf, Cornu 
 cervi — h. de Chypre, Rhodium lignum — h. de 
 Couleuvre, see Strychnos — 6. Doux, Glycyrrhiza 
 — h. de JIarais, Cephalanthus occidentalis — b. 
 de Plomh, Dirca palustris — b. Puant, Prunus pa- 
 Jus — b. de Rose, Rhodium lignum — b. de Sap- 
 pan, CEesalpinia sappan — b. Sudon'Jiqiie, Wood, 
 sudorific. 
 
 BOISSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 •waters are situate about half a league from Fon- 
 tenay-le-Compte, in France. They are purgative, 
 aud seem to contain carbonate and sulphate of 
 lime and chloride of sodium. 
 
 £OISSO^\ Drink. 
 
 BOIST, Swelling. 
 
 BOITE, (F.) A box or cage, Capsa, Pyxis. 
 An apparatus for the reception of any matters 
 which it may be desirable to preserve. In Sur- 
 gery and Anatomy, Boites d dissection, B. a am- 
 putation, B. d trepan, B. d caiaracte, &c., mean 
 the cases containing these various instruments. 
 Bo'ite du Crane is the bony case which receives 
 the brain. Bo'ite is, also, the portion of the 
 stem of the trephine which receives the pyra- 
 mid or centre-pin. Boite de Petit is a machine, 
 invented by M. Petit, to retain the fractured por- 
 tions of bone in apposition, when the leg has been 
 fractured in a complicated manner. Bo'ite is, also, 
 a kind of case put before an artificial anus to re- 
 ceive the faeces, which are continually being dis- 
 charged. The vulgar, in France, give the name 
 Boite, to various articulations, — B. de c/enuu, B. 
 de la handle; "knee-joint, hip-joint." 
 
 BOITEMENT, Claudication. 
 
 BOITERIE, Claudication. 
 
 BOITIER, (E.) Ajjpareil, Cap'sida ungnenta'- 
 ria, Cap)sa'rium. A dressing-case. A box, con- 
 taining salves and dilFerent apparatus, used more 
 particularly by the dressers in hospitals. 
 
 BOK, Vomiturition. 
 
 BOKKIXG, Eructation, Vomiting. 
 
 BOL, Bolus — b. d'Armenie, Bole, Armenian — 
 b. Oriental, Bole, Armenian — b. Blanc, Bolus 
 alba — b. Rouge, Bole, Armenian. 
 
 BOLA, Mvrrha. 
 
 BOLCHOX, Bdellium. 
 
 BOLE, Bolus, (F.) Bol, Terre bolaire, meant, 
 vrith the older writers, argillaceous earth, used 
 as an absorbent and alexipharmic. The various 
 boles had difi"erent forms given to them, and were 
 stamped, or sealed, henee called Terra sigillata; 
 as in the following : 
 
 Bole Arme'nian, Bole Arme'niac, B. Ar'me- 
 nic, Argil'la ferrugin'ea rubra, A. Bolus rubra, 
 Sinapisis, Arena'men, Bolus Orienta'lis seu Ar- 
 meniaca seu Arme'ni(£ seu rubra, (F.) Bol d'Ar- 
 menie ou oriental ou rouge. A red, clayey earth, 
 found not only in Armenia, but in several coun- 
 tries of Europe, — in Tuscany, Silesia, France, 
 &c. It was once esteemed a tonic and astringent, 
 and was applied as-a styptic. It is now, scarcely, 
 if ever, used. It consists of argil, mixed with 
 lime and iron. 
 
 BOLESIS, Coral. 
 
 BOLESON, Balsam. 
 
 BOLET OBORANT, Dsedalea suaveolens. 
 
 BOLETUS AGARICUS, B. Laricis— b. Albus, 
 Boletus laricis — b. Cervinus, Elaphomyces gra- 
 nulatus — b. Discoideus, Dajdalea suaveolens. 
 
 Bole'tcs Escclex'tus, (F.) Morelle. Ord. 
 Fungi. An eatable mushroom, found in the 
 woods in Europe, and much admired by Gastro- 
 nomes. It was formerly esteemed to be aphro- 
 disiac. 
 
 Boletus Fttltus, B. igniarius — b. Hippocrepis, 
 B. igniarius. 
 
 Bole'tcs Ignia'hics. The systematic name 
 for the Ag'aric, Agar'ieus, Agar'icum of the 
 Pharmacopoeias, Agar'ieus Chirurgo'rum seu 
 QnereHs seu ignia'rius, Polyp'orus ignia'rius, 
 Is'ca, Bole'tus nngula'tus seu fnhnis seu hippo- 
 crepis seu obtu'sus, Spunk, Am'adou, Punk, (Prov.) 
 Funk, Fungus Ignia'rius, Fungus Querci'nus, 
 Agaric of the Oak, Touchicood, Touchwood Bole- 
 tus, Female Agaric, Tinder, (F.) Agaric de chine, 
 Amadouvier. It was formerly much used by 
 surgeons as a styptic. 
 
 Bole'tus Lar'icis, B. Larici'nns seu purgang 
 seu albus seu agar'ieus seu officina'lis, Fun'gus 
 Lar'icis, Polyp'orus ojfficina'lis, Agar'ieus albua 
 seu Lar'icis, A. Albus op'timus. White Agaric, 
 (F.) Agaric blanc, A. Amadouvier. On the con- 
 tinent of Europe it has been given as a cathartic 
 and emetic, as well as to moderate the sweats in 
 phthisis. — De Haen. Externally, styptic. 
 
 Boletus Obtusus, B. igniarius — b. Officinalis, 
 B. laricis — b. Purgans, Boletus laricis — b. Salicis, 
 Dffidalea suaveolens — b. Suaveolens, Dsedalea 
 suaveolens — b. Touchwood, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 BOLl JIARTIS, Ferrum tartarisatum. 
 
 BOLISMOS, Boulimia. 
 
 BOLI'TES. The mushroom; perhaps the 
 Agar'ieus Aurantiacus. — Pliny, Martial, Sento- 
 nius, Galen. It was so called, in consequence 
 of its shape, — from Bolus. 
 
 BOLLYNGE, Swelling. 
 
 BOLNING, Swelling. 
 
 BOLT. Used, at times, for to swallow withou 
 chewing, — as to " boh one's food." 
 
 BOLUS, (i(i)\os, Buccell'a, a morsel, a mouth- 
 ful, a bole, (F.) Bol. A ■pharmaceutical prepa- 
 ration, having a pilular shape, but larger; capa- 
 ble, however, of being swallowed as a pill. 
 
 Bolus Alba, Terra Sigilla'ta, Argil'la pal- 
 lid'ior: — called sigilla'ta, from being commonly 
 made into small cakes or flat masses, and stamped 
 or sealed with certain impressions. (F.) Bol 
 blanc, Terre Sigillee, Argile ochrense pale. It 
 was used like Bole Armenian, and was brought 
 from Etruria. See Terra. 
 
 Bolus, Alimen'tarv, Bolus AUmenta' rius. The 
 bole formed by the food, after it has undergone 
 mastication and insalivation in the mouth ; and 
 been collected upon the tongue prior to degluti- 
 tion. 
 
 Bolus Oriexta'lis. A kind of bolar earth, 
 only distinguished from Bole Armenian in being 
 brought from Constantinople. See Bole, Armenian. 
 
 Bolus Rubra, Bole Armenian. 
 
 BOMA'REA SALSIL'LA. The inhabitants 
 of Chili use this plant as a sudorific. It is given 
 in infusion in cutaneous diseases. 
 
 BOMBAX, Gossypium. 
 
 BOJIBEJIEXT, Bombus. 
 
 BOMBITATIO, Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 BOMBUS, Au'rium Jiuctua'tio, A. Sib'ilus, A. 
 Son'it)ts, A. Susur'rns, (F.) Bombement. A kind 
 of ringing or buzzing in the ears; — characterized, 
 according to Sautages, by the perception of 
 blows or beating repeated at certain intervals. 
 Also, Borborygmus. See Part, Flatulence, and 
 Tinnitus Aurium. 
 
 BOMBYX MORI, see Sericum. 
 
 BON, CofTea Arabica. 
 
 BONA. Phaseolus vulgnris. 
 
 BONANNIA OFFICINALIS, Sinapis alba. 
 
 BONA FEVER, see Fever, Bona. 
 
 BONDUE, Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
 
BONE 
 
 135 
 
 BORACIC ACID 
 
 BOXE, Oe, Os'teon, Os'teum, (F.) Os, (Sax.) 
 ban. The bones are the solid and hard parts, 
 which form the basis of the bodies of animals 
 of the superior classes; and the union of which 
 constitutes the skeleton. The human body has, 
 at the adult age, 208 bones, without including 
 the 32 teeth, the ossa Wormiana, and the sesa- 
 moid bones. Anatomists divide them, from their 
 shape, into 1. Zoii(/ bones, which form part of the 
 limbs, and represent columns for supporting the 
 weight of the body, or levers of different kinds 
 for the muscles to act upon. 2. Flat bones, which 
 form the parietes of splanchnic cavities; and, 3. 
 Short bones, met with in parts of the body where 
 solidity and some mobility are necessary. Bones 
 are formed of two different textures ; sponr/ij and 
 comjiact. They afford, on analysis, much phos- 
 phate and carbonate of lime, a little phosphate 
 of magnesia, phosphate of ammonia, oxides of 
 iron and manganese, some traces of alumina and 
 silica, gelatin, fat, and water. The uses of the 
 bones are mentioned under each bone. They 
 give shape to the body, contain and defend the 
 viscera, and act as levers to the muscles. 
 
 TABLE OP THE BONES. 
 
 Bones of 
 
 THE 
 
 Head. 
 
 f Frontal., 
 
 Bones of the 
 
 Cranium or 
 
 SlcuU. 
 
 Bones of the 
 Face. 
 
 Dentes, 
 
 or 
 
 Teeth. 
 
 Bone of the 
 
 Tongue. 
 
 Bones of 
 
 THE 
 TUUNK. 
 
 Bones of 
 THE Up- 
 per Ex- 
 
 TKEMITT. 
 
 Bones of 
 Lower 
 
 EXTRE- 
 
 Miir. 
 
 Parietal 2 
 
 Occipital 1 
 
 Temporal 2 
 
 Ethmoid 1 
 
 [Sphenoid 1 
 
 (Superior Maxillary.... 2 
 
 Jugal or Cheek 2 
 
 Nasal 2 
 
 Lachrymal 2 
 
 Palatine 2 
 
 Inferior Spongy 2 
 
 Vomer 1 
 
 Inferior Maxillary 1 
 
 'Ineisores 8 
 
 -j Cuspidati 4 
 
 I^Molares 20 
 
 JHyoid 1 
 
 ! Malleus 2 
 
 Incus 2 
 
 Orbiculare 2 
 
 Stapes 2 
 
 f Cervical 7 
 
 VertehrcE. -; Dorsal 12 
 
 (Lumbar 5 
 
 Sacrum 1 
 
 Os Coccygis 1 
 
 'r^<^Tkora..{^^-----------^ 
 
 The Pelvis Innominatum 2 
 
 TheS!wulder.l f'^"'"]^ 2 
 
 (.Scapula 2 
 
 The Arm Humerus 2 
 
 JUlna 2 
 
 t Radius 2 
 
 I Naviculare 2 
 
 I Lunare 2 
 
 I Cuneiforme 2 
 
 J Orbiculare... 2 
 
 Fore-arm. 
 
 Carpus, 
 
 Wrist. 
 
 Trapezium 2 
 
 Trapezoides 2 
 
 I Magnum 2 
 
 [Unciforme 2 
 
 Metacarpus 10 
 
 y Phalanges 28 
 
 The Thigh Femur 2 
 
 (Patella 2 
 
 Iha Leg. -^ Tibia 2 
 
 (Fibula 2 
 
 f fCalcisOs 2 
 
 ^- I Tarsus, I Astragalus 2 
 
 3 I or -^ Cuboides 2 
 
 ^ -I Instep. Naviculare 2 
 
 ^ (.Cuneiforme 6 
 
 E-i \ Metatarsus 10 
 
 [^Phalanges 28 
 
 Total 240 
 
 The bones of the ox, Bos Taurus, are employed 
 in pharmacy. [ 
 
 BoNE-AcH, Osteocopus — b. Ague, Osteocopus. ■ 
 
 BoxE, Back, Vertebral column — b.Bar,Pubis,os. 
 
 Bone Black, see Carbo animalis. 
 
 Bone, Blade, Scapula — b. Boat-like, Os sca- 
 phoides — b. Breast, Sternum — b. Crupper, Coccyx. 
 
 Bone Earth, see Cornu ustum — b. Fever, see 
 Inflammation. 
 
 Bone, Haunch, Ilion— b. Interparietal, Inter- 
 parietal bone. 
 
 Bone Phosphate op Lime, see Cornu ustum. 
 
 Bone, Rump, Coccyx — b. Share, Pubis — b. 
 Splinter, Fibula. 
 
 BONEBINDEPu, OsteocoUa. 
 
 BONE-DOCTOR, Eenouenr. 
 
 BONE-NIPPERS, Osteul'cnm, Tenac'ula, from 
 teneo, 'I hold.' (F.) Tenaille incisice. An in- 
 strument used for cutting off splinters and car- 
 tilages. It is a kind of forceps, the handles of 
 which are strong, and the edges, which touch 
 each other, cutting. 
 
 BONESET, Eupatorium perfoliatum — b. 
 Rough, Eupatorium teucrifolium — b. Upland, 
 Eupatorium sessifolium. 
 
 BONE-SETTER, lienoueur. 
 
 BONE-SHAVE, Neuralgia femoro-poplitasa. 
 
 BONES, BRITTLENESS OF THE, Fragilitas 
 ossium — b. Friability of the, Fragilitas ossium — 
 b. Salt of, Ammonite carbonas — b. Softening of 
 the, Mollities ossium. 
 
 BONHOMME, Verbascum thapsus. 
 
 BONICLATTER, Bonnyclabber. 
 
 BONIFAGIA, Ruscus hypoglossum. 
 
 BONITHLOBBER, Bonnyclabber. 
 
 BONNE DAME, Atriplex hortensis. 
 
 BONNES, MINERAL AVATERS OF. Bonnea 
 is a village six leagues from Pau, in the depart- 
 ment Basses Pyrenees, France. Here are several 
 thermal springs. They were celebrated as early 
 as the time of Francis I., under the name Eaux 
 d'Arquebusade. They contain chlorides of sodium 
 and magnesium, sulphates of magnesia and lime, 
 sulphur, and silica. The temperature is from 78° 
 to 98° Fahrenheit. 
 
 Th.Q factUions Eau de Bonnes is made oi Hy- 
 drosulphuretted icater, f ^iv ; pure water, Oj. and 
 f^ss; chloride of sodium, gr. xxx ; sulphate of 
 magnesia, gr. i. 
 
 BONNET, Reticulum. 
 
 BONNET A DEUX GL OBES, Bonnet d'Hip- 
 pocrate. 
 
 BONNET D'HIPPOCRATE, Cap of Hip- 
 poc' rates, Mitra Hijjpoerat'ica, Fas'cia cupita'lis, 
 Pi'leus Hijipocrat'icue. A kind of bandage, the 
 invention of which is ascribed to Hippocrates. 
 It consists of a double-headed roller, passed over 
 the head, so as to envelop it like a cap. The 
 French also name it Bonnet d deux globes, Cape- 
 line de la tete. 
 
 BONNYCLABBER, Clabber, from Irish, buine, 
 'milk,' and clabar, 'mire.' In Ireland, sour but- 
 termilk. In this country, the thick part of sour 
 milk. Boniclatter and Bonithlobber, also, meant 
 cream or "good milk gone thick.' — Halliwell. 
 
 BONPLANDIA ANGUSTURA, Cusparia fe- 
 brifuga — b. Trifoliata, Cusparia febrifuo-.a. 
 
 BONTIA GERMINANS,Avicennia tomentosa. 
 
 BONUS GENIUS, Peucedanum— b. Henrieus, 
 Chenopodium bonus Henrieus. 
 
 BONY, Osseous. 
 
 B.OOCHO, Diosma crenata. 
 
 BOON UPAS, Upas. 
 
 BOONA, Phaseolus vulgaris. 
 
 BOOTIA VULGARIS, Saponaria. 
 
 BOOTIKIN. A glove .with a partition for the 
 thumb, but no separate ones for the fingers — like 
 an infant's glove— made of oiled silk.— Dr. E. J. 
 Seymour. Horace Walpole speaks in raptures of 
 the benefit he derived from bootikins in gout. 
 
 BORACIC ACID, Ac"idum Borac"icum, Snl 
 sedati'vus Homber'gi, Boric Acid, (F.) Acide 
 
BORAGE 
 
 !36 
 
 BOTHRION 
 
 horacique. An acid obtained from boras, which 
 was once looked upon as sedative. It was also 
 called Acor Borac"icus, Sal vitrioli narcot'icum, 
 Sal voUa'ile Bora'cis, and Flores Bora'cis. 
 BORAGE, Borago ofacinalis. 
 BORA'GO OFFICINA'LIS, Buglos'sum ve- 
 rum seu latifo'lium, Borra'go, Corra'go, Bo- 
 rngo Tiovten'sis, Borage, Burrage, (F.) Bourrache. 
 Ord. Boragineae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Mono- 
 gynia. The leaves and flowers have been con- 
 sidered aperient. 
 
 BORAS SUPERSODICUS, Borax. 
 BORATHRON, Juniperus Sabina. 
 BORAX, Boras Sodce seu supersat'urus sodm 
 seu alcales'cens seu aleali'num seu superso' dieus, 
 SodcB Bibo'ras, Siihboraa SodcB seu na'tricum, 
 Soda Boraxa'ta, ChrysoeoVla, Capis'trum aiiri, 
 Subhorate ofprotox'ide of So'diHm,Subprotobo'rate 
 of Sodium, Borax Ven'etus, Borax'irion, Nitrum 
 factV'lium, &c., Subbo'rate or Biborate of Soda, 
 Borate of Soda, (F.) Borate ou Sous-borate de 
 Sonde, Borate sursature de sonde. It is found in 
 an impure state in Thibet and Persia. It is_ in- 
 odorous ; taste cool, and somewhat alkaline; 
 soluble in 12 parts of water. Borax is seldom 
 used except as a lotion in aphthas. 
 
 Borate op Mercury has been recommended 
 as an antisyphilitic. 
 
 BORAXTRIOX, Borax. 
 
 BORBON'IA RUSCIFO'LIA. a small South 
 African shrub, used in asthma and hydrothorax. 
 In decoction, it is given as a diuretic. — Pappe. 
 BORBORUS, Fimus. 
 
 BOBBORYG'MUS, from Pop^opv^u), 'I make a 
 dull noise.' Ifurmur seu Bombus seu Motus In- 
 testino'rum, Anile' ma, Anile'sis, Ooeliopsoph'ia, In- 
 tona'tio intestina'lis, Jfurmur ventris seu intesti- 
 iw'le, Bor'borygm, (Sc.) Bluiter, Blutter, (Prov.) 
 Crolliiig, Growling, (F.) Gargouillement, Grouille- 
 ment d' Entrailles. The noise made by flatus in 
 the intestines. This happens often in health, 
 especially in nervous individuals. 
 
 BORB (F.), Margo, Edge, Margin. Anato- 
 mists have so named the boundaries of an organ. 
 Thus, the bones, muscles, <tc. have bords as well 
 as bodies. The 'free edge,' bord libre, is one not 
 connected with any part; the 'adhering edge,' 
 lord adherent, one that is connected; and the 
 bord articidaire, or 'articular margin or edge,' 
 that which is joined to another bone. 
 BORD CILIAIRE, Ciliary margin. 
 BORDEAUX, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Near this great city, in the south-west of France, 
 is a saline, chalybeate spring. It contains oxide 
 of iron, carbonate and sulphate of lime, chlorides 
 of sodium and calcium, subcarbonate of soda, and 
 sulphate of magnesia. 
 BORE, Boron. 
 BORE-TREE, Samhucus. 
 
 BORGNE (F.), Codes, Unoe'ulus, Luscus, 
 Luseio'sas. One who has only one eye, or sees 
 only with one. The word has been used, figu- 
 ratively, for blind, in surgery and anatomy. See 
 Csecus. 
 
 BORIUM, Boron. 
 
 BORKHAUSENIA cava, Fumaria bulbosa. 
 BORN, past participle of bear, (F.) ne. Brought 
 forth from the womb. 
 
 Born Alive. It has been decided by English 
 -judge?, that 'to be born alive,' means, that acts 
 of life must have been manifested after the whole 
 body has been extruded; and that respiration in 
 transitu is not evidence that a child was born 
 alive. It must be 'wholly born alive;' hence 
 respiration may be a sign of life, but not of live 
 birth. 
 
 BORON, Bo'rium, Borum, (F.) Bore. A simple 
 substance, the basis of boracic acid; obtained, by 
 heating potassium with boracic acid, as a dark. 
 
 olive-coloured powder, devoid of taste and smell. 
 Heated in the air or in oxygen, it is converted 
 into boracic acid. 
 
 BOR'OSAIL, Zael. Ethiopian names for a 
 disease, very common there, which attacks the 
 organs of generation, and appears to have con- 
 siderable analogy with syphilis. 
 
 BORRAGO, Borago officinalis. 
 
 BORRI, Curcuma longa. 
 
 BORRIBERRI, Curcuma longa. 
 
 BORSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Borse is 
 a village in Beam. The waters are chalybeate. 
 
 BORUM, Boron. 
 
 BOSA. An iEgyptian name for a mass, made 
 of the meal of darnel, hemp-seed, and water. It 
 is inebriating. — Prospero Alpini. At the present 
 day, it is applied to a kind of acidulated and, 
 sometimes, fermented scherbet. In its common- 
 est form, it is made by fermenting an infusion of 
 millet-seed. A more agreeable Bosa is prepared 
 by the Egyptians from tamarinds and honey; 
 and by the Greeks from the fruit of Solanum Ly- 
 copersicum. This last is called, by them, Apoaia- 
 TiKov, Brosis'ticon. 
 
 BOSCHESJESMANSTHEE, Methystophyl- 
 lum glaucum. 
 
 BOSOM, see Mamma. 
 
 BOSSA, Plague token. 
 
 BOSSE, Hump, Protuberance — h. NaeaJe, 
 Nasal protuberance. 
 
 BOSSU, see Hump. 
 
 BOSWELLIA SERRATA, see Juniperus lycia 
 — b. Thurifera, see Juniperus lycia. 
 
 BOTAL FORA'MEN, Fora'men Bota'le seu 
 Botal'lii, Fora'men Ova'le, (F.) Troii de Bo- 
 tal, Trou ovale. A large opening which exists 
 in the foetus in the partition between the two 
 auricles of the heart; and by means of which 
 the blood passes from one to the other. Its 
 discovery is generally attributed to Leonard Bo- 
 tallus, Botal, or Botalli, who wrote in 1562. It 
 was spoken of, however, by Vesalius, and even 
 by Galen. 
 
 BOTANE, Herb. 
 
 BOTANICAL DOCTOR, Herb-doctor. 
 
 BOTANIQUE 3rEDICALE, Botany, medical. 
 
 BOT'ANY, MEDICAL, Butan'ica Med'-ica, 
 Medici'na Botan'ica, Phytolog"ia Med'ica, from 
 fioTavri, 'an herb,' (F.) Botanique Medicale. The 
 knowledge of the properties, characters, <tc. of 
 those vegetables which are used in medicine. 
 
 BOTAR'GO, (F.) Botargue. A preparation 
 made in Italy and the south of France, with the 
 eggs and blood of the Mugilcepih'alus or Mullet, 
 strongly salted, after it has become putrescent. 
 It is used as a condiment. 
 
 BOTARGUE, Botargo. 
 
 BOTCH, (L) Bozza. Of old, a swelling of the 
 skin. A phlegmon. A large ulcerous affection. 
 
 BOTHOR. An Arabic term for abscess in the 
 nares. It means, also, a tumour in general; 
 especially those which are without solution of 
 continuity. 
 
 BOTHRIOCEPH'ALUS, B. latus, BotJirio- 
 eeph' alum, from Podptov, 'a small pit,' and KctpaXrj, 
 ' head.' Botrioceph'alua, Diboth'rium latum, 
 Tce'nia lata seu vulga'ris seu os'culis lateral'ibus 
 gem'inis seu grisea seu membrana' cea seu tenel'la 
 seu denta'ta seu huma'na iner'mis seu ^jv/nui seu 
 os'culis lateral'ibns solita'riis seu aceph'ala seu 
 osculis superficial' ibus, Lumbri'cus latns, Plate'a, 
 Haly'sis membrana'cea seu lata, (F.) Tenia d an- 
 neaux courts ou non arme, Ver solitaire, Broad 
 Tape-worm. Common in Switzerland, Russia, 
 and some parts of France. It inhabits the intes- 
 tines of man, and extends to an enormous length. 
 A broken specimen has been obtained 60 yards 
 long. — Goeze. 
 
 BOTH'RION, Both'rium, from fio^piov, 'a smalf 
 
BOTHRIUM 
 
 137 
 
 BOURBON-LANCY 
 
 pit, cavity,' &c. An alveolus, or small fossa. A 
 small, deep ulcer on the cornea. — Galen, Paulus 
 of .^gina. See Fossette. 
 
 BO LHRIUM, Bothrion, Fossette. 
 BOTHROS, Fovea. 
 BOTIN. Terebinthina. 
 BOTIUM, Bronchocele. 
 
 BOTOTHINUM. An obscure term, used by 
 Paracelsus to denote the most striking symptom 
 of a disease : — the Flos morhi. 
 BOTOU, Pareira brava. 
 BOTRIOCEPHALUS, Bothriocephalus. 
 BOTRION, Alveolus. 
 
 BOTROPHIS SERPENTARIA, Actsea race- 
 mosa. 
 
 BOTRTS, Chenopodium botrys, see Vitis vini- 
 fera — b. Ambrosioides, Chenopodium ambrosio- 
 ides — b. Americana, Chenopodium ambrosioides 
 — b. Anthelmintica, Chenopodium anthelminti- 
 cura — b. Mexieana, Chenopodium ambrosioides. 
 
 BOTTINE(F.). A thhi hoot or huskin, O'cren 
 le'vioi: An instrument which resembles a small 
 boot, furnished with springs, straps, buckles, &c., 
 and used to obviate distortions of the lower ex- 
 tremities in children. 
 
 BOTTLE-NOSE, Gutta rosea. 
 BOTTLE-STOOP. In Pharmacy, an arrange- 
 ment for giving the proper inclination to a bottle 
 containing a powder, so as to admit of the -con- 
 tents being readily removed by the knife, in dis- 
 pensing medicines. It consists of a block of 
 wood with a groove in the upper surface, to re- 
 ceive the bottle in an oblique position. 
 BOTTOM, Nates. 
 BOTTRY-TREE, Sambucus. 
 BOUBALIOS, Momordica elaterium, Vulva. 
 BOUBON, Bubo. 
 
 BOUGAGE AN IS, Pimpinella anisum — 5. 
 3fnjeiir, Pimpinella magna — h. Minenr, Pimpi- 
 nella saxifraga — h. Petit, Pimpinella saxifraga. 
 
 BOX! CHE, Mouth — 6. Fdteuse, Clammy 
 mouth. 
 
 BOUCLEMENT, Infibulation. 
 BOUE, see Corruption. 
 
 BOUE SPLENIQUE. The altered blood ex- 
 travasated into the splenic cells has been so 
 called. 
 
 BOUES DES EAUX (F.), Boues Minemles, 
 Bal'uea Coeno'sa. The mud or swamp, formed 
 near mineral springs, impregnated with the sub- 
 stances contained in such springs, and conse- 
 quently possessing similar properties. TheBoiies 
 are applied generally and topically, in France, at 
 the springs of St. Amand, Bagneres de Luchon, 
 Bagnols, and Bareges ; in the United States, at 
 the White Sulphur in Virginia, &c. 
 
 BOUES MINEBALES, Boues des eau.v. 
 BOUFFE, (F.) The small eminence, formed 
 by the junction of the two lips. — Delaurens. 
 BocFFE, Eructation. 
 BOUFFEE DE OHALEUR, Flush. 
 BOUFFISSURE, Puffiness. 
 BOUGIE, (F.) A wax candle: CandeVula, 
 Cnnde'la, C. ce'rea seu medica'ta, Ce'reum medi- 
 cn'tum, Oere'obis Ohirnrgo'rum, Dce'dion, Speo'l'- 
 him ce'reum, Virga ce'rea, Cere'olus. A flexible 
 cylinder, variable in size, to be introduced into 
 the urethra, oesophagus, rectum, &c., for the pur- 
 pose of dilating these canals, when contracted. 
 A Simple Bougie is composed of solid and inso- 
 luble substances; as plaster, elastic gum, gutta 
 percha, catgut — (Bougie de Corde d hoyau,) &c. 
 It acts of course onlj' mechanically. 
 
 Bougie, Med'icated, (F.) B. jlfedicamenteuse, 
 has the addition of some escharotic or other sub- 
 stance to destroy the obstacle : as in the Caustic 
 Bougie, (Y.) B. eauterisante, B. armee, B. emplas- 
 tigue, which has a small portion of Lunar Caus- 
 
 tic or Common Caustic inserted in its extremity. 
 Ducamp has recommended a Bougie, which swell.<< 
 out near its extremity, for the better dilating of 
 the urethra. This he calls B. d ventre. The 
 metallic Bougie, invented by Smyth, is a compo- 
 sition of metal, allowing of great flexibility; and 
 a hollow Bougie is one with a channel running 
 through it, to be used in the same manner as the 
 catheter, or otherwise. 
 
 Bougie, Uterine, Sound, uterine. 
 BOUILLTE, (F.) PuUic'ula, Pap, from (F.) 
 houillir, 'to boil.' Flour, beaten and boiled with 
 milk. It is a common food for infants. 
 
 BOUILLON, (F.) from houillir, 'to boil,' Jus, 
 Sorhit"io. A liquid food, made by boiling the 
 flesh of animals in water. The osmazome, gela- 
 tin, and soluble salts dissolve ; the fat melts, and 
 the albumen coagulates. Bouillon is nourishing, 
 owing to the gelatin and osmazome. The .Jus de 
 Viande is a very concentrated Bouillon, prepared 
 of beef, mutton, veal, &c. 
 
 BOUILLON, in common language, in France, 
 means a round fleshy excrescence, sometimes 
 seen in the centre of a venereal ulcer. 
 
 BOUILLON BLANC, Verbascura nigrum. 
 BOUILLONS MEBICINAUX on PHAR- 
 3IACEUTIQUES, Medicinal or Pharmaceutic 
 Bouillons, contain infusions or decoctions of me- 
 dicinal herbs. The Bouillon aux herhes is gene- 
 rally composed of sorrel or beet. 
 
 BOUILLON d'OS, (F.) Bouillon from hones, 
 is obtained by treating bones with muriatic acid, 
 in order to dissolve the earthy parts. The gela- 
 tin, which remains, is then boiled with a little 
 meat and vegetables. — D'Arcet. Bouillon, how- 
 ever, can be easily obtained from the bones of 
 roast meat bv simple coction. 
 
 BOUILL ONNEJIENT, Ebullition. 
 BOUrS, Buxus. 
 
 BOULE D'ACIER, Ferrum tartarizatum— &. 
 de Mars, Ferrum tartarizatum — h. de Molsheim, 
 Ferrum tartarizatum — h. de Nancy, Ferrum tar- 
 tarizatum. 
 BOULEAU COMMUN, Betula alba. 
 BOULESIS, Voluntas. 
 
 BOULIM'IA, Bulim'ia, Bulim'ins, Bu'limxts, 
 Bou'limos, Bnlimi'asis, Bolis'mos, Eclim'ia. Fames 
 cani'na seu bovi'na seu lupi'na, Appeti'tus cani- 
 nus, Appeten'tia cani'na, Adepha'gia, Cijnorex'ia, 
 Orex'is cyno'des, Bupi'na, Bupei'na, PhagcB'na, 
 Phagedm'na, from /Sous, 'an ox,' and Ai/^of, 
 'hunger ;' or from /?ou, augmentative particle, and 
 Xi/jof, 'hunger,' (F.) Boulimie, Faim canine, F. 
 devorante, Polyphagie. An almost insatiable 
 hunger. A canine appetite. It is sometimes 
 seen in hysteria and pregnancy; rarely under 
 other circumstances. 
 BOULIMIE, Boulimia. 
 
 BOULOGNE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Boulogne is in the department of Pas-de-Calais, 
 France. The waters are chalybeate. 
 BOUNCING BET, Saponaria. 
 BOUND, Costive. 
 BOUNTREE, Sambucus. 
 BOUQUET ANATOMIQUE DE BIOL AN, 
 (F.) from bouquet, a collection of flowers or other 
 substances tied together. A name given, by some 
 anatomists, to the collection of ligaments and 
 muscles, inserted into the styloid process of the 
 temporal bone. 
 
 Bouquet Fever, Dengue. 
 BOURBILLON, see Furunculus (core). 
 BOURBON-LANCY, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Bourbon-Lancy is a small village in the 
 department of Saone-et-Loire, France ; where 
 there are thermal saline springs, containing car- 
 bonic acid, chloride of sodium, and sulphate of 
 ! soda, chloride of calcium, carbonate of lime, irpiL. 
 
BOURBON L'ARCHAMBAUT 
 
 BRACHIOCYLLOSIS 
 
 and silica. Tlieir heat is from 106° to 135° 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 BOURBON" L'ARCHAMBAUT, MINERAL 
 "WATERS OF. This town is in the department 
 of Allier, six leagues west from Moulins, and 
 has been long celebrated for its thermal chaly- 
 beate waters. They contain sulphohydric acid, 
 sulphate of soda, magnesia, and lime, carbonate 
 of iron, and silica. Their temperature varies 
 between 136° and 145° Fahrenheit. 
 
 BOURBONNB-LES- BAINS, MINERAL 
 "WATERS OF. These springs are seven leagues j 
 from Langres, department of Haute -Marne, 
 France. They are thermal and saline, and have 
 been long celebrated. Temperature from 106° 
 to 133° Fahrenheit. The Factitious wnter, (F.) 
 Eau de Jjourbonne-les- Bains, Aqua Borvonen'sis, 
 is composed of water, containing twice its bulk 
 of carbonic acid, f^xxss; chloride of sodium, 
 f 3J, chloride of calcium, gr. x, &c. 
 
 .BOURBOULE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 A village near Mont d'Or, where there are two 
 thermal saline springs. 
 
 BOURDAINE, Rhamnus frangula. 
 
 BOURDONNEMENT, Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 BOURDONNET, Pulvil'lus, P. e linamen'tis 
 confec'tuB seu rotun'dus. Dossil. A term in French 
 surgery for charpie rolled into a small mass of 
 an olive shape, which is used for plugging wounds, 
 absorbing the discharge, and preventing the 
 union of their edges. In cases of deep and pene- 
 trating wounds, as of the abdomen or chest, a 
 thread is attached to them by which they may 
 be readily withdrawn, and be prevented from 
 passing altogether into those cavities. 
 
 BOURGENE, Rhamnus frangula. 
 
 BOURGEON, Granulation, Papula— 6. Char- 
 nu, Granulation. 
 
 BOURGEONNEMENT, see Generation. 
 
 BOURGEONS, Gutta rosea. 
 
 BOURGUEPINE, Rhamnus. 
 
 BOURRACHE, Borago oflBcinalis. 
 
 BOURRELET (F.) A Pad, a Border. A 
 fibro-cartilaginous border, which surrounds cer- 
 , tain articular cavities, such as the glenoid cavity 
 of the scapula and the acetabulum ; by which the 
 depth of those cavities is augmented. See Cor- 
 pus Callosum. 
 
 BOURRELET ROULE, Cornu ammonis. 
 
 BOURSE d BERGER, Thlaspibursa— 6. d, 
 Pasteur, Thlaspibursa. 
 
 BOURSES {LES), Scrotum— 6. Mucilagi- 
 neuses, Bursse mucosae — b. Muqueuses, Bursee 
 mucosfe. 
 
 BOURSOUFLURE, Puffiness. 
 
 BOURTREE, Sambucus. 
 
 BOUSSOLE, Glossanthrax. 
 
 BOUT BE SEIN (F.), 'End of the breast,' 
 'nipple.' An instrument of caoutchouc or ivory 
 to place over the nipple when the infant sucks, 
 soon after delivery, or where the nipple is in a 
 morbid condition. 
 
 BOUTON, Papula— 6. d'Alep, see Anthrax— 
 6. Malin, see Anthrax — b. d'Or, Ranunculus 
 acris. ^ 
 
 BOUTONNIERE (F.), Fissu'ra, Incis'io. A 
 long incision made into the urethra to extract a 
 calculus from the canal, when it is too large to 
 be discharged. 
 
 Also, a small incision or puncture, made in the 
 peritoneum, or above the pubis, to penetrate the 
 bladder in certain cases of retention of urine. 
 
 BOVACHEVO, Datura sanguinea. 
 
 BOVILL^, Rubeola. 
 
 BOVISTA, Lycoperdon. 
 
 BOWEL, Intestine. 
 
 BOWLEGGED, see Cnemoscoliosis. 
 
 BOWMAN'S CAPSULE, see Kidney. 
 
 BOWMAN'S ROOT, Euphorbia corollata, Gil- 
 lenia trifoliata, Leptandria purpurea. 
 
 BOXBERRY, Gaultheria. 
 
 BOX, MOUNTAIN, Arbutus uva ursi. 
 
 BOX TREE, Buxus, Cornus Florida. 
 
 BOXWOOD, Cornus Florida. 
 
 BOYAU, Intestine — b. Pollinique, see Pollen. 
 
 BRABYLON, Prunum Damascenum. 
 
 BRACHERIOLUM, Truss, 
 
 BRACHERIUM, Truss. 
 
 BRACHIA COPULATIVA, see Peduncles of 
 the Cerebellum. 
 
 BRACHIA PONTIS, see Peduncles of the 
 Cerebellum. 
 
 BRACHI^US, Brachial — b. Internus, Bra- 
 chialis anterior. 
 
 BRA'CHIAL, Brachia'lis, Brachia'us, from 
 Braehium, 'the arm.' "What belongs to the arm. 
 
 Brachial Aponeuro'sis. An aponeurosis, 
 formed particularly by expansions of the tendons 
 of the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and del- 
 toides muscles, and which completely envelops 
 the muscles of the arm. 
 
 Brachial Artery, Arte'ria brachia'lis, Hu'- 
 meral Artery, (F.) Artere OU Tronc brachial. 
 The artery, which extends from the axilla to the 
 bend of the elbow ; where it divides into A. eubi- 
 talis and A. radialis. It passes along the inter- 
 nal edge of the biceps, behind the median nerve 
 and between the accompanjnng veins. Under 
 the name Brachial Artery, Chaussier includes 
 the subclavian, axillarj', and humeral, the last 
 being the brachial proper. 
 
 Brachial Muscle, Anterior, 3Ius'culus Bra- 
 chia'lis Ante'rior, Brachia'lis internus seu anti'- 
 cus, Brachim'us, B. internus, (F.) iluscle brachial 
 interne, Htnnero-czibital — (Ch.) This muscle is 
 situate at the anterior and inferior part of the 
 arm, and before the elbow-joint. It arises, fleshy, 
 from the middle of the os humeri, and is inserted 
 into the coronoid process of the ulna. Use, To 
 bend the fore-arm. 
 
 Brachial Plexus, Plexus Brachia'lis, is a 
 nervous plexus, formed by the interlacing of the 
 anterior branches of the last four cervical pairs 
 and the first dorsal. It is deeply seated in the 
 hollow of the axilla, and extends as far as the 
 inferior and lateral part of the neck. It gives 
 off the thoracic nerves, supra and infra scapular, 
 and the brachial (which are six in number), the 
 axillary, cutaneous, muscido-cutaneous, radial, 
 cubital, and median. 
 
 Brachial Veins are two in number, and ac- 
 company the artery, frequently anastomosing 
 with each other: they terminate in the axillary. 
 Under the term Brachial Veins, Chaussier in- 
 cludes the humeral, axillary, and subclavian. 
 
 BRACHIALE, Carpus. 
 
 BRACHIAL'GIA, Neural'gia Brachia'lis, 
 from (ipaxtiiiv, 'the arm,' and a'Xyo;, 'pain.' Pain 
 in the arm, neuralgia of the arm. 
 
 BRACHIALIS, Brachial— b. Anticus, Brachial 
 muscle — -b. Externus, see Triceps extensor cubiti 
 — b. Internus, Brachial muscle. 
 
 BRACHIERIUM, Truss. 
 
 BRACHILE, Truss. 
 
 BRACHILUVIUM, Bath, arm. 
 
 BRACHIO-CEPHALIC ARTERY, Tnnomi- 
 nata arteria — b. Veins, Innominatse venas. 
 
 B R A'C H 1 0-C U'B I T A L, Brachio-cubita'lis. 
 That which belongs both to the arm and cubitus. 
 This name has been given to the internal lateral 
 ligament of the elbow-joint; because it is at- 
 tached to the OS brachii or os humeri and to the 
 cubitus or ulna. 
 
 BRACHIOCYLLO'SIS, from 0paxtu>v, 'the 
 arm,' and xuXXuo-if, 'the act of making crooked.' 
 
BKACHION 
 
 139 
 
 BRAS 
 
 Curvature of the arm inwards. Paralysis or loss 
 of power from cur\ature of the arm. 
 
 BRACHIOISr, Brachium. 
 
 BRACHION'CUS, from Ppaxt'^v, 'the arm,' 
 and oyKoi, 'a swcllino;.' A tumour of the arm. 
 
 BRA'CHIO-RA'DIAL,i^/'«c7(i'o-rorf;a7!«. That 
 which belongs to the brachium and radius. This 
 name has been applied to the external lateral 
 ligament of the elbow-joint, because it is attached 
 to the humerus and to the radius. See Supinator 
 radii longus. 
 
 BRACHIORRHETJ'MA, Bheumatis'mm hra'- 
 chii, from (ifta'x^iiov, 'the arm,' and pcvfia. 'deflux- 
 ion, rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the arm. 
 
 BRACHIOT'OMY, BrncMotom'ia, from Ppa- 
 %ia)j/, 'arm,' and tout], 'incision.' Amputation of 
 the arm. ' 
 
 BRACHIROLUM, Truss. 
 
 BRA'CHIUM, Bra'chlon, Lacer'tua, (F.) Bras, 
 'the arm.' The arm from the shoulder to the wrist, 
 or the part between the shoulder and elbow. See 
 Humeri Os. 
 
 BEA'cHiusr Ante'rius. a rounded process, 
 which passes from the anterior pair of the cor- 
 pora quadrigemina {nates) obliquely outwards 
 into the thalamus opticus. 
 
 Beachidm Movens Quartus, Latissimus dorsi. 
 
 Bra'chium POste'rids. A rounded process, 
 which passes from the posterior pair of the qua- 
 drigemina {testes) obliquely outwards into the 
 optic thalamus. 
 
 BRACHUNA, Nymphomania, Satyriasis. 
 
 BRACHYAU'CHEN, from l^axv?, 'short,' and 
 av)(_nv, 'neck.' One who has a short neck. 
 
 BRACHYCEPH'AL^ (Gentes), 'short heads,' 
 from (Spaxvs, 'short,' and K£(pa\rj, 'head.' In the 
 classification of Retzius, those nations of men 
 whose cerebral lobes do not completely cover the 
 cerebellum — as the Sclavonians, Fins, Persians, 
 Turks, Tartars, &c. 
 
 ERACHYCHRON'IUS, from l^paxvg, 'short,' 
 and XP"''"^} 'time.' That which continues but a 
 short time. A term applied to diseases which 
 are of short duration. — Galen. 
 
 BRACHYGNA'THUS, from Ppaxv;, 'short,' 
 and yvados, 'the under jaw.' A monster with too 
 short an under jaw. — Gurlt. 
 
 BRACHYNSIS, Abbreviation. 
 
 BRACHYPNCEA, Dyspnoea. 
 
 BRACHYP'OTI, from Ppaxv;, 'short,' and 
 Torrig, 'drinker.' They who drink little, or who 
 drink rarely. Hippocrates, Galen. Foesius. 
 
 BRACHYRHYN'CHUS, from fyaxvs, 'short,' 
 and (ivyxos, 'snout.' A monster with too short a 
 nose. 
 
 BRACHYSMOS, Abbreviation, 
 
 BRACING, Corroborant. 
 
 BRACKEN, Pteris aquilina. 
 
 BRADY^STHE'SIA, from PpaSv;, 'difficult,' 
 and aiadrjaii, 'sensation.' Impaired sensation. 
 
 BRABYBOLISMUS, Bradyspermatismus. 
 
 BRADYECOIA, Deafness. 
 
 BRADYLOG"IA, Dy sla' Ha /from PpaSv;, 'diffi- 
 cult,' and \oyo;, 'a discourse.' Difficulty of speech. 
 
 BRADYMASE'SIS, Brachjmasse'sis, impro- 
 perly Bradymaste'sis, Ifaiiduca'tio diffic"il{s, 
 from Ppaivi, 'difficult,' and nacnaig, 'mastica- 
 tion.' Difficult mastication. See Dysmasesis. 
 
 BRADYMASTESIS. Bradymasesis. 
 
 BRADYPEP'SIA, Tarda cibo'nnn concoe'fio, 
 from PpaSvs, 'slow,' and vcnno, 'I digest.' Slow 
 digestion.— Galen. See Dyspepsia. 
 
 BRADYSPERiMATIS'MUS, BradybohVmus, 
 Ejacula'tio sem'inis impedi'ta, Dysperviatis'mus, 
 from l^paSvs, 'slow,' and arepfia, 'sperm.' A slow 
 emission of sperm. 
 
 BRADYSU'RIA, Tenes'mns vesi'ca, (F.) Ti- 
 nesme vesical, from I3pa&vs, 'difficult,' and ovpuv, 
 
 'to pass the urine.' Painful evacuation of the 
 urine, with perpetual desire to void it. Dysuria. 
 
 BRADYTOCIA, Dystocia. 
 
 BRAG'GET, Braggart, Bragwort. A name 
 formerly applied to a tisan of honey and water, 
 See Hydromeli. 
 
 BEAI LIQUIDE, see Pinus sylvestris — 6. 
 Sec, Colophonia. 
 
 BRAIN, Cerebrum — b. Fag, see Nervous dia- 
 thesis. 
 
 BraiNjLittle, Cerebellum. 
 
 Brain Pan, Cranium — b.Sand, see Pineal gland. 
 
 BRAINE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Braine 
 is a small village, three leagues from Soissons, 
 France, which has purgative waters similar to 
 those of Passy. 
 
 BllAIRETTE, Primula veris. 
 
 BRAKE, COMMON, Pteris Aquilina— b. Rock, 
 Polypodium vulgare, Polypodium incanum. 
 
 Brake Root, Polypodium vulgare. 
 
 BRAKING, Vomiting, Vomiturition. 
 
 BRAMBLE, AMERICAN HAIRY, see Rubus 
 fruticosus — b. Common, Rubus fruticosus. 
 
 BRAMBLE-BERRIES, see Rubus fruticosus. 
 
 BRAN, Furfur. 
 
 BRAKC-URSINE BATARBE, Heraclenm 
 spondylium. 
 
 BRANCA GERMANICA, Heracleum spondy- 
 lium — b. Ursina, Acanthus mollis — b. Vera, 
 Acanthus mollis. 
 
 BRANCH, from (F.) Branche, originally, pro- 
 bably, from Ppaxii^v, 'an arm,' [?] because branches 
 of trees, <tc., go off like arms. A term applied, 
 generally, to the principal division of an artery 
 or nerve. The word is commonly used synony- 
 mously with Ramus ,- hut often, with the French, 
 Branche signifies the great division; — Rameau, 
 Lat. Ramus, the division of the branches; and 
 Ramuseides, Lat. Ramuseuli, the divisions of 
 these last. 
 
 The French, also, speak of the lr<tnches of the 
 pubis for the Rami of that bone, branches of the 
 ischium for the rami of the ischium, &c. 
 
 BRANCHES BE LA 3I0ELLE ALLON- 
 GEE {PETITES), Corpora restiformia. 
 
 BRANCHI, BranchcB. Swellings of the ton- 
 sils, or parotid, according to some; — of the thy- 
 roid gland, according to others. 
 
 BRAN'CHIA, (Gr.) 0payxia. The gills or re- 
 spiratory organs of fishes, corresponding to the 
 lungs of terrestrial animals. 
 
 BRANCHUS, ppayxos, Rauce'do. A catarrhal 
 affection of the mucous membrane of the fauces, 
 trachea, &o. — Galen. Hoarseness. 
 
 BRANCI, Cynauche tonsillaris. 
 
 BRANCIA, Vitrum. 
 
 BRANDWINE, Brandy. 
 
 BRANDY, (G.) Branntwein, Dutch, 
 Brandwijn, 'burnt wine,' (Old Eng.) Brand- 
 wine. Viniim advs'tum seu crema'tinn. Aqua 
 VitcB, (F.) Spir'itus vini Gall'ici, (Ph. U. S.) 
 Sptr'itns Gall'icus, Eau de vie, (S.) Aguardiente. 
 The first liquid product obtained by distilling 
 wine. It is composed of water, alcohol, and an 
 aromatic oily matter, which gives it its flavour. 
 Brandy is a powerful and diffusible stimulant, 
 and as such is used in medicine. It has been 
 also called Liquor Aquile'gius. See Spirit. 
 
 Brandy, Apple, see Pyrns malus — b. Egg, see 
 Ovum. 
 Brandy-Bottles, see Nymphaga lutea. 
 Brandy-Face, Gutta rosea. 
 BRANKS, Cynanche parotidaea. 
 BRANK URSINE, Acanthus mollis. 
 BRANNTWEIN, Brandy. 
 BRAS. See Oryza. 
 
 BRAS, Brachium — 5. dn Cervelet, Corpora Fes- 
 tiformia 
 
BRASDOR'S OPERATION 140 
 
 BREGMA 
 
 BRASDOR'S OPERATION POR ANEU- 
 RISM. An operation by ligature, proposed by 
 Brasdor, which consists in the application of the 
 ligature on the distal side of the tumour. 
 
 "braseuur, mineral waters of. 
 
 Braseo-ur is a place in the diocese of Rhodez, 
 where there are cathartic waters. 
 BRASENIA, B. Hydropeltis. 
 Brase'nia Hydropel'tis, Brase'nia, B. Pel- 
 tu'ta, Hydropel'tis purpu'rea, Geladna aquat'ica, 
 Frogleaf, Little Water Lily, Water Jelly, Water 
 shield, Water target, Deerfood. An indigenous 
 plant, Nat. Ord. Ranunculacese, iS'e^. Syst. Poly- 
 andria Polygynia, flourishing from Kentucky to 
 Carolina and Florida; and covering the surface 
 of ponds, marshes, &c. The fresh leaves are 
 mucilaginous, and have been used in pulmonary 
 complaints, dysentery, &c., like Cetraria. 
 Brasenia. Peltata, B. Hydropeltis. 
 BRASH, (Sc), of uncertain etymology. A 
 transient attack of sickness. A bodily indispo- 
 sition.— Jamieson. A rash or eruption. (Prov. 
 West of England.) 
 
 Brash, Water, Pyrosis, 
 
 Brash, Weaning, (Sc.) Speanuiy brash, 
 Atroph'ia Ahlactato'rum. A severe form _ of 
 diarrhoea, which supervenes at times on weaning. 
 The IJaladie de Crwveilhier appears to be a simi- 
 lar affection. 
 
 BRASTLETTO, see Caesalpinia. 
 BRASIUM, Malt. 
 BRASMOS, Fermentation. 
 BRASS, Sax. bpar, }¥ehh, pr^s. AurichaV- 
 cum, properly, Orichal'cum, ('mountain brass,' 
 from opog, 'a mountain,' and x"^'^"^' 'brass.') 
 Chrysoehal'cos, Ghalcos, Esecavum, (F.) Airaiiu 
 A yellow metal, formed by mixing copper with 
 calamine. The same general remarks apply to it 
 as to copper. See Cuprum. 
 
 BRAS'SICA, Crambe, B. olera'cea seu capita'- 
 ta seu crtnm'na of the old Romans. The Cab- 
 bage, (F.) Ghou potager. Order, Cruciferse. Sex. 
 Syst. Tetradynamia Siliquosa. Cato wrote a 
 book on its virtues. It is a vegetable by no 
 means easy of digestion when boiled; when raw, 
 it appears to be more digestible. When forming 
 a solid globular mass, like a head, it is the B. 
 Capita'ta, (F.) Chou-Cabus, Choii Pomme. 
 
 Brassica Canina, Mercurialis perennis — b. 
 Capitata, Brassica — b. Cumana, Brassica. 
 
 BrAS'siCA Eru'ca, B. his'pida, Eru'ca, E. foe'- 
 tida seu sati'va, Sina'pis eru'ca, Sisym'brinm 
 crucas'trum. Garden Jiocket, Roman Rocleet, 
 Shinlock, &C.., (F.) Chou Roquette, Roqnette. 
 This was considered by the Romans an aphrodi- 
 siac. — Columella. The seeds were ordinarily 
 used. 
 
 Bras'sicA Flor'ida, — Bras' sica Pompeia'na 
 of the ancients — the Caulijloioer, Caidis Flor'ida, 
 (F.) Ghou-Jleur, is a more tender and digestible 
 variety. 
 
 The Broc'coli, B. Sabel'lica of the Romans, B. 
 Ital'ica, belongs to this variety. 
 
 Brassica Hispida, B. eruca — b. Italica, B. 
 Florida — b. Marina, Convolvulus soldanella. 
 
 Bras'sica Napds, Napus Sylvestris, Bu'nias, 
 Rape, (F.) Navette. The seed yields a quantity 
 of oil. 
 
 Brassica Nigra, Sinapis nigra — b. Oblonga, 
 B. rapa — b. Oleracea, Brassica — b. Pompeiana, 
 B. Florida. 
 
 Bras'sica Rapa, Rapa rotun'da seu oblon'ga 
 seu napns, Rapum majiis, Sina'j^is tubero'sa. 
 Turnip, (F.) Ghou navet, Navet, Rave. The tur- 
 nip is liable to the same objection (but to a less 
 extent) as the cabbage. 
 
 Brassica Sadellica, B. Florida. 
 BRATHU, Juniperus sablna. 
 BRATHYS, Juniperus sabina. 
 
 BRAWLINS, Arbutus uva ursi, Vaccinium 
 vitis idaea. 
 
 BRAWN, Muscle. 
 BRA YER, Truss. 
 
 BRAYERA ANTHELMINTIC A, Hagenia 
 Abyssinica. 
 
 BRAZIL WOOD, Caesalpinia echinata. 
 BREAD, see Tritieum. 
 
 Bread, Gluten. Bread made of wheat dough 
 deprived of the chief portion of its starch by 
 washing. Bread, made of gluten only, cannot 
 be eaten, on account of its hardness and tough- 
 ness ; hence one-fifth of the normal quantity of 
 starch is allowed to remain, and in this form the 
 bread is said to be tolerably light, eatable, and 
 moderately agreeable. 
 
 Bread, Household, Syncomistos. 
 BREADBERRY, Pap. 
 BREAD-FRUIT TREE, Artocarpus. 
 BREAKBONE fever. Dengue. 
 BREAST, Thorax, Mamma — b. Abscess of the, 
 Mastodynia apostematosa — b. Pigeon, see Lor- 
 dosis. 
 
 BREAST-GLASS, Milk-glass. A glass applied 
 to the nipple to receive the milk when secreted 
 copiously by the mamma. 
 
 Breast, Irritable, Neuralgia mammas. 
 BREAST-PANG, SUFFOCATIVE, Angina 
 pectoris. 
 
 BREAST-PUMP, Antlia Lactea. 
 BREASTWEED, Saururus cernuus. . 
 BREATH, Sax. bpase, (Old Eng.) Aande, 
 and Ande, Hal'itiis, Anhel'itus, An'imus, Spir'- 
 itiis, At'mos, (F.) Haleine. The air expelled from 
 the chest at each expiration. It requires to be 
 studied in the diagnosis of thoracic diseases espe- 
 cially. See Respiration. 
 
 Breath, Oppens'ive, Fcetor Oris, Catostoma- 
 tosphre'sia, Hal'itas oris foe' tidus, Oze. An offen- 
 sive condition, which is usually dependent upon 
 carious teeth, or some faulty state of the secre- 
 tions of the air passages. The internal use of the 
 chlorides may be advantageous. 
 
 Breath, Saturnine, see Saturnine — b. Short, 
 Dyspnoea. 
 
 BREATHING AIR, see Respiration. 
 Breathing, Difficulty of. Dyspnoea. 
 BRECHET, (F.) The Brisket. This name is 
 given in some parts of France to the cartilago 
 ensiformis, and sometimes to the sternum itself. 
 BRECHMA, Bregma. 
 BRECHMUS, Bregma. 
 
 BREDISSVRE (F.), Trismus Capistra'tus. 
 Incapacity of opening the mouth, in consequence 
 of preternatural adhesion between the internal 
 part of the cheek and gums; often occasioned by 
 the abuse of mercury. 
 
 BREDOUlLLEilENT (F.), Tituban'tia. A 
 precipitate and indistinct mode of utterance, in 
 which a part only of the words is pronounced, 
 and several of the syllables viciously changed. 
 This defect is analogous to stuttering, but differs 
 from it in being dependent on too great rapidity 
 of speech ; whilst stuttering is characterized by 
 continual hesitation, and frequent repetition of 
 the same syllables. 
 BREE, Supercilium. 
 BREED, Race. 
 
 BREEDING, Generation, Pregnant. 
 Breeding, Cross. The act of raising or breed- 
 ing from different stocks or families. 
 
 Breeding-in-and-in. The act of raising or 
 breeding from the same stock or family. 
 BREELLS, Spectacles. 
 
 BREGMA, Breehma, Breehmus, from flpeyctv, 
 ' to sprinkle ;' Fontanel' la, Sin'eiput. The top 
 of the head was thus called, because it was be- 
 lieved to be humid in infants; and, according to 
 
BREGMATODYMIA 
 
 141 
 
 BROMINE 
 
 some, because it was conceived to correspond to 
 the most humid part of the brain. 
 
 CKEGMATODYMIA, see Cephalodymia. 
 BRENNING, Burning. 
 BREPHOCTONON, Conyza squarrosa. 
 BU^PHOTROFllE'VyiyEcthelobrephotrophe'- 
 nm, from (ipttpog, 'a new-born child,' and rpt^eiv, 
 ' to nourish.' A foundling hospital. 
 BRESILLET, Csesalpina sappan. 
 BRE'VIA VASA, Short Vessels. This name 
 has been given to several branches of the splenic 
 arteries and veins, which are distributed to the 
 great cul-de-sac of the stomach. 
 BREVIS CUBITI, see Anconeus. 
 BRICK, (F.) Brique. Hot bricks are some- 
 times used to applj' heat to a part, as to the ab- 
 domen in colic, or after the operation for popli- 
 teal aneurism : or, reduced to very fine powder, 
 and mixed with fat, as an application to herpetic 
 and psoric aifections. 
 
 Bricks, Forna'eecB Testa or Tiles were for- 
 merly bruised in vinegar, and the liquid was used 
 as a specific in cutaneous affections. They en- 
 tered, also, into a cerate used for scrofulous hu- 
 mours, &a. To the Terra Forna'cum, or Brick 
 eai-fh. the same virtues were assigned. 
 
 BRICKLIKE SEDIMENT, see Lateritious. 
 BRICUMUM, Artemisia. 
 
 BRIDE (F.), 'a bridle.' Frcn'mtlum, Reti- 
 nac'uhvn. This term is given, in the plural, to 
 membranous filaments, which are found within 
 abscesses or deep-seated wounds, and which pre- 
 vent the exit of pus. The term is, also, applied 
 to preternatural adhesions, which occur in cica- 
 trices of the skin, in the urethra, or in inflamed 
 serous or synovial membranes. 
 BRIEF, Rife. 
 
 BRIER, WILD, Rosa Canina. 
 BRIGHT'S DISEASE OF THE KIDNEY, 
 see Kidney, Bright's disease of the. 
 
 BRIGHTON, CLIMATE OF. The air of this 
 fashionable watering-place, on the south coast of 
 England, is dry, elastic, and bracing. Its cli- 
 mate appears to the greatest advantage in the 
 autumn and early part of the winter; when it is 
 somewhat milder and more steady than that of 
 Hastings. Accordingly, it is adapted for all 
 eases in which a dry and mild air at this season 
 of the year proves beneficial. In the spring 
 months, owing to the prevalence of, and its ex- 
 posure to, north-east winds, the climate is cold, 
 harsh, and exciting to the delicate. It is well 
 adapted for convalescents, and for all who require 
 a dry and bracing sea air. 
 BRIMSTONE, Sulphur. 
 BRINE, Muria. 
 
 BRINTON ROOT, Leptandria purpurea. 
 BRION. Corallina. 
 BRIQ UE, Brick. 
 
 BRIQUEBEO, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 This town is three leagues from Cherbourg, in 
 France. The water contains chloride of iron. 
 BRIQUETE, Lateritious. 
 BRISE-COQUE (E.), from Iriser, 'to break 
 to pieces,' and coque, 'a shell.' An instrument 
 designed by Heurteloup for breaking to pieces 
 the shell of a vesical calculus, after it has been 
 hollowed by his mandrin d virgnle. 
 
 BRISE-PIERRE ARTICULE {¥.), from 
 Iriser, 'to break to pieces, and pieri-e, 'a stone.' 
 An instrument invented by Jacobson for crush- 
 ing the stone in the bladder. 
 
 BRISTOL HOT AVELL, Bristolien'sis Aqua. 
 Bristol is about thirteen miles from Bath, in 
 England. The water is an almost pure thermal; 
 slightly acidulated. It contains chlorides of 
 magnesium and sodium, sulphate of soda, sul- 
 phate of lime, carbonate of lime, carbonic acid, 
 
 oxygen and azote. Temperature, 74° Fah. The 
 Hot Well has been long celebrated. Its action 
 is like that of thermal waters in general. The 
 climate of Bristol is mild, and hence the water 
 has been celebrated for the cure of incipient pul- 
 monary consumption. See Clifton. 
 
 BRIZOCERAS, Ergot. 
 
 BROAD, Sax. bpatj, Latns, (F.) Large. Any 
 body is so termed whose transverse extent is 
 considerable compared with its length. The 
 Broad Bones, such as the frontal, parietal, occi- 
 pital, iliac-, aid in forming the parietes of splanch- 
 nic cavities. Broad Muscles generally, occupy 
 the parietes of cavities, and especially those of 
 the chest and abdomen. The epithet has also 
 been applied to other parts — as to the broad liga- 
 ments of the womb, &c. 
 
 BROCCOLI, Brassica sabellica. 
 
 BROCHOS, j3po;n;o;, La'queus. A bandage. 
 
 BROCHT, Vomiting. 
 
 BROCH'THUS, (ipox^o;, Grdn. The throat. 
 Also, a kind of small drinking vessel. — Hipp. 
 
 BROCHUS, (ijio'x^os. This name has been given 
 to one who has a very prominent upper lip. 
 According to others it means one whose teeth 
 project in front of the mouth. 
 
 BRO'DIUM. A synonym of Jus or Jus'cidum. 
 Broth, or the liquor in which any thing is boiled. 
 Bro'dinm satis — a decoction of salt. 
 
 BR0IE3IENT, see Cataract, Laceration -h. 
 de la Pierre, Lithotrity. 
 
 BROKELEAK, Rumex hydrolapathum. 
 
 BROKEN DOSES, see Doses, broken. 
 
 BROKEN-WINDEDNESS, Asthma. 
 
 BROMA, Aliment, Bromine. 
 
 BROMATOECCRISIS, Lientery. 
 
 BROMATOG'RAPHY, Bromatograph'ia, Bro- 
 mog'raphy, Bromograph'ia, from (Spwita, 'food,' 
 and ypacpv, 'a description.' A description of ali- 
 ments. 
 
 BROMATOL'OGY, Bromatolog"ut, Sitiol'ogy, 
 from (Spiii/ia, 'food,' and }^oyos, 'a discourse.' A 
 treatise on food. 
 
 BROME, Bromine. 
 
 BROMEGRASS, Bromus ciliatus — b. Soft, 
 Bromus ciliatus. 
 
 BROME'LIA ANA'NAS, called after Olaus 
 Bromel, a Swede. Car'dnus Braxilia'nns, Ana'- 
 nas ova'ta seu acidea'ta, Anas'sa, Capa-Isiak'ka, 
 Ana'nas or Pine Apple, Soursop. Order, Bro- 
 meliacese. A West India tree, which produces 
 the most delicious of fruits. 
 
 Brome'liA Pingoin, Ana'nas Ameriea'na, Pin- 
 guin. Broad-leaved vyild Ana'nas, &o. The West 
 India plant, which affords the Pinguin fruit. The 
 fruit is refrigerant, and the juice, when ripe, very 
 austere. It is used to acidulate punch. A wine 
 is made from the Pinguin, which is very intoxi- 
 cating, and has a good flavour. 
 
 BROMIC, Bro'micns ; same etymon as Bro- 
 mine. Containing bromine. 
 
 BROMIDE OF IRON, see Bromine — b. of 
 Mercury, see Bromine — b. of Potassium, see 
 Bromine. 
 
 BROMIDRO'SIS, from ISpafios, 'stench,' and 
 'tip(i)S, 'sweat.' Offensive sweat. 
 
 BROMINE. Bro'minum (Ph. U. S., 1842), Bro- 
 min'ium (1851), Broma, Bromin'eum. Bro'mium, 
 Bro'mina, Bromum, Mu'rina, Jfuride, Brome. 
 A simple body, of a very volatile nature, and 
 highly offensive and suffocating odour, whence 
 its name, from Ppwuoi, 'a stench.' It is met with 
 chiefly in sea-water, and in many .animal and 
 vegetable bodies that live therein. It has like- 
 wise been found in many mineral waters of this 
 and other countries. In its chemical relations, 
 it may be placed between chlorine and iodine. 
 With oxygen it forms an acid — the Bromic, and 
 with hydrogen another — the Htjdrubromic. 
 
BROMIUM 
 
 142 
 
 BRONCHITIS 
 
 Pure Bromine ; Bromide of Iron, Ferri Bro'- 
 midum, Ferrum broma' turn, (P.) Broniure de Fer, 
 in solution, Hydrobromate of Iron, Ferri hydro- 
 bro'nias, Ferrum hydrohro'micum oxyda'tHm,[dose, 
 gr. i or ij,); and Bromide of Potassium, Potas'sii 
 bro'miditm, (F.) Bromiire de potassium, haxe been 
 used medicinally, and chiefly in scrofulosis — 
 internally, as well as applied externally. Bro- 
 mine may be dissolved in forty parts of distilled 
 water, and six drops be commenced with as a 
 dose. Bromides of Mercury i^Hydrar'gyri Bro'- 
 mida, (P.) Bromures de Mercure), have been given 
 in syphilis. The prolobromide and the bibromide 
 are analogous in composition and medicinal pro- 
 perties to the corresponding iodides of mercury. 
 
 Chloride op Bromine, Bromin'ii chlo'ridum 
 — made by passing chlorine through bromine, and 
 condensing the resulting vapours by cold, has been 
 prescribed internally, as well as externally, in 
 cancer ; but chiefly in the latter mode, in the 
 form of a caustic paste, either alone or with other 
 chlorides — as those of zinc, antimony, and gold. 
 
 BROMIUM, Bromine. 
 
 BROMOGRAPHY, Bromatography. 
 
 BROMOS, /?pM//of. One of the cerealia, sup- 
 posed, by some, to be oats. See Avena. 
 
 BROMOSUS, Fetid. 
 
 BROMUM, Bromine. 
 
 BROMUEE BE FER, see Bromine — 6. de 
 Mercure, see Bromine — 6. de Potassium, see 
 Bromine. 
 
 BROMUS CILIA'TUS, B. purgans, Brome 
 grass; indigenous: Order, Graraineae ; is said to 
 be emetic, and anthelmintic [?], cathartic and 
 diuretic. It purges cattle. 
 
 Bromus Glaber, Triticum repens. 
 
 Bromus Mollis, Soft Brome Grass. The seeds 
 are said to cause giddiness in man, and to be 
 fatal to poultry. 
 
 Bromus Purgans, B. ciliatus — b. Temulentus, 
 Lolium temulentum. 
 
 BRONCHARCTIA, Bronehiostenosis. 
 
 BRONCHECTASIS, Bronchia, dilatation of 
 the. 
 
 BRONGHES, Bronchia— 6. Ganglions lym- 
 phatiques des, Bronchial glands. 
 
 BRONCHI, Bronchia. 
 
 BRON'CHIA, Bron'chicp, Bronchi, from 0poy- 
 Xos, 'the throat.' The Latins used the term 
 Bronchus for the whole of the trachea; whilst 
 they called its ramifications Bronchia. Bronchia, 
 Bronchias, and Bronchi, (F.) Branches, now mean 
 the two tubes, with their ramifications, which 
 arise from the bifurcation of the trachea, and 
 carry air into the lungs — Cari'nulcB j)^dmo'num, 
 Syrin'ges seu Cana'les a'erif'eri. 
 
 Bronchia, Dilatation op the. Dilated Bron- 
 chia, Bronehec'tasis, Bronchiec'tasis, Dilatatio 
 bronchia' rum. The physical signs of this condi- 
 tion are the following : Percussion usually clear, 
 but not unfrequently less so than natural, although 
 very seldom quite dull. A uscultation detects coarse 
 mucous or gurgling rhonchi, increased by the 
 cough, combined with, or replaced by, bronchial 
 or cavernous respiration, which is often effected 
 as if by a sudden puff or whiff. The resonance 
 of the voice is increased, but it seldom amounts 
 to perfect pectoriloquy. The most common situa- 
 tions for dilated bronchia are the scapular, mam- 
 mary, or lateral regions. They are almost always 
 confined to one side. 
 
 Bronchia, Obliteration or Compression op 
 THE. The inspiratory murmur on auscultation 
 is weaker or wholly suppressed over a limited 
 portion of the chest; the expiration is generally 
 more distinct and prolonged : all the other con- 
 ditions are natural. 
 
 BRONCHIA, see Bronchia. 
 
 BRON'CHTAL, Bronchic, Bronchia'lis, Bron'- 
 chicus, (F.) Bronchial, Bronchique. That which 
 relates to the bronchia. 
 
 Bronchial Arteries, {¥.)Arteres Bronehiques. 
 These are generally two in number, one going to 
 each lung. They arise from the thoracic aorta, 
 and accompany the bronchia in all their ramifi- 
 cations. 
 
 Bronchial Cells, (F.) Cellides bronehiques. 
 The Air-cells; the terminations of the bronchia. 
 
 Bronchial Cough, (P.) Toux bronchique, T. 
 tubaire. This generally accompanies bronchial 
 respiration. They both indicate obstruction to 
 the entrance of air into the air-cells. 
 
 Bronchial Glands, Glan'didas Vesalia'ncB, 
 Glands of Vesa'lius, (F.) Glandes bronehiques, 
 Ganglions lymphaiiques des branches, are nume- 
 rous glands of an ovoid shape; of a reddish hue 
 in the infant, and subsequently brown and black, 
 seated in the course of the bronchia. Their func- 
 tions are unknown. The bronchial glands may 
 be presumed to be affected by scrofulosis, when, 
 in addition to the existence of tumours in the 
 neck, percussion gives a dull sound under the 
 upper and central part of the sternum, whilst 
 there is no appreciable lesion of the lungs. 
 
 Bronchial Nerves, (P.) Nerfs bronehiques, 
 are furnished by the two pulmonary plexuses. 
 
 Bronchial Phthisis, see Phthisis bronchial — 
 b. Respiration, see Murmur, respiratory. 
 
 Bronchial Veins arise from the last divisions 
 of the arteries of the same name, and pass, on 
 the right side, into the vena azygos ; on the left, 
 into the superior intercostal. 
 
 BRONCHIC, Bronchial. 
 
 BRONCHIECTASIS, Bronchia, dilatation of 
 the. 
 
 BRONCHIITIS, Bronchitis. 
 
 BRON'CHIOLE, Bronchiolum, Bronchiolus ; 
 diminutive ot Bronchium or Bronchus. A minute 
 bronchial tube. 
 
 BRONCHIOPNEUMONIA, Bronchopneumo- 
 nia. 
 
 BRONCHIOSTENO'SIS, Bronchiarc'tia, from 
 ^poyxoi, 'a bronchus,' and crTevoKri;, 'contraction.' 
 Contraction or narrowness of the bronchi. 
 
 BRONOHITE CONVULSIVE, Pertussis— 6. 
 Pseudomembraneuse, Polypus bronchialis. 
 
 BRONCHI'TIS, Bronchii'tis, Inflamma'tio 
 bronchio'rum, Catar'rhus Pulmo'num seu bron- 
 chio'rum, Pleuri'tis hu'mida seu bronchia'lis, 
 Bronchos' ta sis, Angi'na bronchia'lis, Pul'monary 
 Catarrh, (F.) Inflammation des Branches. In- 
 flammation of the lining membrane of the bron- 
 chial tubes. This is always more or less present 
 in cases of pulmonary catarrh ; and is accompa- 
 nied by cough, mucous expectoration, dyspnoea, 
 and more or less uneasiness in breathing. The 
 acute form is accompanied with all the signs of 
 internal inflammation, and requires the employ- 
 ment of antiphlogistics followed by revulsives. 
 The chronic form, Tussis seni'lis, Catar'rhus seni'- 
 lis, Rheuma catarrha'le, Peripneumo'nia notha, 
 Bronchorrhoe'a acu'ta. Winter Cough, Chronic 
 Catarrh, may be confounded with phthisis; from 
 which it must be distinguished mainly by the 
 absence of hectic fever and of the physical signs 
 that are characteristic of the latter, as well as 
 by the nature of the expectoration, which is ge- 
 nerally mucous, although at times muco-purulent. 
 When the expectoration is little or none, the bron- 
 chitis is said to be dry, dry catarrh, (F.) Catarrhe 
 Sec. 
 
 When bronchitis affects the smaller tubes, it is 
 termed capil'lary bronchi'tis, bronchi'tis capilla'- 
 ris, bronchoc'ace infanti'lis [?], and is often fatal 
 to children. Vesic'ular bronchitis is the term 
 proposed by M.M. Rilliet and Barthez for the 
 vesicular pneumonia of children. 
 
BRONCHIUS 
 
 143 BRUIT DE CRAQUEMENT 
 
 Bronchitis, Catarrh — b. Astheniea, Peripneu- 
 monia not.ha — b. Capillary, see Bronchitis — b. 
 Chronic, see Bronchitis — b. Crouposa, Polypus 
 bronchialis — b. Convulsiva, Pertussis — b. Exsu- 
 dativa. Polypus bronchialis. 
 
 Bronchitis, Mechan'ical. Inflammation of 
 the lining membrane of the air-tubes, induced by 
 the inhalation of irritating particles. 
 
 Bronchitis Membranacea, Polypus bronchia- 
 lis — b. Plastic, Polypus bronchialis — b. Pseudo- 
 membranous, Polypus bronchialis — b. Summer, 
 Fever, hay — b. Vesicular, see Bronchitis. 
 BRONCHIUS, Sterno-thyroideus. 
 BRONCHLEMMITIS, Polypus bronchialis. 
 BRONCHOCACE, Peripneumonia notha — b. 
 Infimtilis, see Bronchitis. 
 
 BRONCHO-CATARRHUS, Catarrh. 
 BRONCHOCE'LE, from ^poyxos, 'a bronchus,' 
 and KrjXri, 'tumour.' An inaccurate name for the 
 affection which is called, also, Bo'cMum, Botium, 
 Bocium, Hernia gut'turis seu gutlura'lis seu hron- 
 chia'l!s,Guttur tu'midum seu globo'sum, Trache- 
 lophy'ma, Thyroce'le, Thyreoce'le, Tracheoce'le, 
 Tracheloce'le, ThyremphroK' is, Thyreophrax'ia, 
 Thyrophrax'ia, Thyreon'ciis, Thyron'cus, Deiron'- 
 cus, Deron'cus, Gossum, Go'tium, Exechebron'chus, 
 Gomgro'na, Struma, Glans, Tuber gutturo' sum, 
 Gutte'ria, &c., the Derbyshire neck, Sinelled neck, 
 Wen, Goitre, &c., (F.) Goitre, Gouetre, Hyper- 
 trophic du Corps Thyro'ide, Grosse Gorge, Gros 
 Cou. This is no rupture, but consists of an en- 
 largement of the thyroid gland. It is common 
 at the base of lofty mountains in every part of 
 the world; and has been supposed to be owing 
 to the drinking of snow-water, but it occurs 
 where there is no snow. The tumour is some- 
 times very extensive. Iodine has great power 
 over it, and will generally occasion its absorp- 
 tion, when the case has not been of such dura- 
 tion as to have ended in a cartilaginous condition. 
 BRONCHOCEPHALITIS, Pertussis. 
 BRONCHOPARALYSIS, Asthma. 
 BRONCHOPHONY, Resonance— b. Pectorilo- 
 quous. Pectoriloquy — b. Strong, Pectoriloquy. 
 
 BRONCHOPLAS'TIC, Bronchoplas'ticus, from 
 Ppoy)(^og, 'a. bronchus,' and TrXao-tro), ' I form.' An 
 epithet given to the operation for closing fistulas 
 in the trachea ; Bron'choplasfy. 
 
 BRONCHOPNEUMO'NIA, Bron'chiopneu- 
 mo'nia, from j3poy;^of, 'a bronchus,' and Pneumo- 
 nia. Inflammation of the bronchia and lungs. 
 
 BRONCHORRHCE'A, (F.) Bronchorrhle, Ca- 
 tarrhe pit uiteux,Phlegmorrhcigie pidmonaire, Flux 
 bronchique, from Ppoyxoi, 'bronchus,' and p£U), 'I 
 flow.' An increased secretion of mucus from the 
 air passages, accompanied or not by inflammation, 
 — a gleet, as it were, of the pulmonary mucous 
 membrane. When excessive, it may constitute 
 Phthisis pituito'sa seu muco'sa, Myco-phlhi'sis. 
 Bronchorrhcea Acuta, Bronchitis (chronic). 
 BRONCHOSTASIS, Bronchitis. 
 BRONCHOTOME.Bronchot'omus, from Ppoy- 
 ■)(oq, and Tifivtiv, ' to cut.' A kind of lancet, with 
 a blunt and rounded point, mounted on a handle, 
 and fitted to a canula, which passes in along with 
 it, and is allowed to remain in the opening made 
 in the trachea. 
 
 BRONCHOT'OMY, Bronchotom'ia, (F.) Bron- 
 chotomie. Same etymology. A surgical operation, 
 which consists in making an opening either into the 
 trachea, {Tracheot' omy :) into the larynx, {Laryn- 
 got'omy:) or into both, [Trachea-laryngot' omy ,) to 
 extract foreign bodies or to permit the passage of air 
 to the lungs. These different parts are divided trans- 
 versely or vertically, according to circumstances. 
 BRONCHO-VESICULAR RESPIRATIdST, 
 see Respiration. 
 
 BRONCHUS, see Bronchia, Trachea. 
 BROOKLIME, Veronica beccabunga. 
 
 BROOM, Sophora tinetoria, Spartium scopa- 
 rium — b. Butcher's, Ruscus — b. Clover, Sophora 
 tinetoria — b. Indigo, Sophora tinetoria — b. Rape, 
 of Virginia, Orobanche Virginiana — b. Spanish, 
 Spartium junceum — b. Yellow, Sophora tinetoria. 
 BROSSARDIERE, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Brossardiere is a chateau in Bas-Poitou, 
 France. The waters contain carbonates of iron 
 and lime, chloride of sodium, and sulphate of 
 lime. They are aperient. 
 BROSSE, Brush. 
 
 BROTH, CHICKEN, see Chicken Broth. 
 Broth, Vegetable. Take two potatoes, a car- 
 rot, and an onion, all cut fine; boil in a quart of 
 water for an hour, adding more water from time 
 to time, so as to keep the original quantity ; fla- 
 vour with salt, and a small quantity oi potherbs ; 
 strain. A little mushroom catchup improves the 
 flavour. 
 
 BROTHER, UTERINE, see Uterine. 
 BROVILLARD, Caligo. 
 BROUS'SAIST. One who is a believer in, and 
 professor of, the physiological and pathological 
 opinions of Broussais. The system itself was 
 called BROUSSAisir, or the Physiological Doc- 
 trine. 
 
 BROW, Front — b. Ague, Neuralgia frontalis. 
 BROWN RED, Colcothar. 
 BROWN'IAN, Broiono' nian, Bruno'nian. Re- 
 lating to the system or opinions of John Brown. 
 B R W N I S M, Bru'nonism, Bruno' nianism. 
 The doctrines of Brown. 
 
 BROWNIST, Broiono'nian, Bruno'nian. A 
 follower of the system of Brown. 
 
 BRU'CEA ANTI-DYSENTER'ICA. Called 
 after Bruce, the Abyssinian traveller. B, ferru- 
 gin'ea, Angustu'ra spu'ria, (F.) Fausse Angiis- 
 ture, A. Ferrugineuse. The systematic name of 
 the plant whence was obtained — it was supposed 
 — false Angustura or false Cusparia Bark. It 
 is really the bark of Strychnos nux vomica. 
 BRUCIA, Brucine. 
 
 BRUCINE, Bru'cia, Bruei'na, Briici'nwm, 
 Bru'cium, Pseudangusturi'num, Canirami'num, 
 Canira'minm, Vom'icine, Angus'turine. An orga- 
 nic, salifiable base, discovered in the false angus- 
 tura — Brticea anti-dysenter'ica, and obtained from 
 Strychnos nux vom'ica. It is of a pearly white ; 
 crystallizes in oblique prisms with a parallelo- 
 grammatic base; is very bitter, slightly acrid 
 and styptic, and soluble in water, but more so ia 
 alcohol. Brucia is a less active poison than 
 strychnia. It resembles it, however, and may 
 be used as a substitute for it and for the extract 
 of nux vomica. Dose, half a grain. 
 
 BRUCKENAU, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These springs are in Bavaria, and contain car- 
 bonic acid and iron. 
 
 BRUCOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Brucourt is three leagues and a half from Caen, 
 in Normandy. The waters contain carbonic acid, 
 chloride of sodium, and sulphate of soda, much 
 sulphate of lime, &c. 
 BRUICK, Furunculus. 
 BRUISE, Contusion. 
 BRUISE-ROOT, Stylophorum diphyllum. 
 BRUISEWORT, Bellis saponaria. 
 BRUISSE3IENT (F.), Frem'itus. This word 
 has much the same signification a.s Bourdonnement, 
 as well as Bruit. 
 
 BRUIT (F.), 'sound.' A French term, applied 
 to various sounds heard on percussion and aus- 
 cultation, viz. : 
 
 BRUIT DE CRAQUEMENT, B. de TiraiUe- 
 ment, Bruit de cuir neuf, Cri de cuir, ' sound of 
 crackling, or bursting, or of new leather.' A 
 sound produced by the friction of the pericar- 
 dium, when dried and roughened by inflamma- 
 tion. 
 
BRUIT DU CCEUR FCETAL 144 
 
 BRUSH 
 
 BRUIT DU CCEUR FCETAL, Battemens dou- 
 bles, Double bruit du Goeur du Foetus. The pul- 
 sations of the foetal heart heard in auscultation 
 in the latter half of utero-gestation. 
 
 BRUIT DE OUIR NEUF, Bruit de craque- 
 tnent. 
 
 BRUIT DE D I ABLE, Ronflement du Diahle, 
 Bruit de souffle d double courant, 'noise of the 
 diable, or humming-top.' Venous hum. A high 
 degree of Bruit de soufflet, heard on auscultating 
 the arteries or veins — probably the latter — of the 
 neek, in chlorosis. It denotes an impoverished 
 state of the blood. 
 
 BRUIT DOUBLE DU CCEUR DU FfETUS, 
 Bruit du Cceur foetul — h. d' Expansion jndmo- 
 naire, see Murmur, respiratory — 6. de FrSlement, 
 see FrSlement — b. de Froissement pulmonaire, 
 see Froissement pulmonaire — b. de FrSlement 
 pericardique, see Frolement pericardique. 
 
 BR UIT DEFRO TTEMENT ASCENDANT 
 ET DESCENDANT, 'sound of friction of ascent 
 and descent.' Sounds produced by the rubbing of 
 the lung against the parietes of the chest, as it 
 rises and falls during inspiration and expiration. 
 They are distinctly heard in pleuritis, when the 
 pleura has become roughened by the disease. 
 Friction sounds. Rubbing sounds, To-and-fro 
 Sounds are also heard in pericarditis and perito- 
 nitis. 
 
 BRUIT HUMORIQUE, B. Hydropneuma- 
 tique. The sound afforded on percussion when 
 organs are filled -with liquid and air. 
 
 BRUIT HYDROPNEUMATIQUE, Bruit 
 Jiumorique — b. de Jappement, see Sijftement mo- 
 dule — b. de Lime d bois, see Bruit de Scie. 
 
 BRUIT DE MOUCHE (F.), 'fly sound.' A 
 sound analogous to the Bruit de diable — so called 
 from its likeness to the buzzing of a fly — heard 
 on auscultating the neck in chlorotic cases. 
 
 BRUIT MUSGULAIRE. The sound accom- 
 panying the first sound of the heart, referred by 
 some to muscular contraction. Called, also. 
 Bruit rotatoire, in consequence of its having 
 been thought to resemble the rumbling of dis- 
 tant wheels. 
 
 BRUIT MUSICAL, Sifflement module. 
 
 BRUIT DE PARCHEMIN, 'parchment 
 tone.' A sound as if produced by two sheets of 
 parchment applied to each other. It is said to 
 be produced by thickening and rigidity of the 
 valves of the heart. 
 
 BRUIT DE PIAULEMENT, see Sifflement 
 module. 
 
 BRUIT PLACENTAIRE, B. de souffle pla- 
 eentaire ou uterin, Souffle uterin ou place)itaire, 
 Placental bellows' sound, Utero-placen'tal mur- 
 mur, Uterine murmur. The bellows' sound heard 
 on auscultating over the site of the placenta in a 
 pregnant female. It does not appear to be ow- 
 ing to the placental vessels; but to the uterine 
 tumour pressing upon the large vessels of the 
 mother. 
 
 BRUIT DE POT FELE, 'sound of a cracked 
 vessel.' Cracked p>ot sound. A sound heard on 
 percussion, when a cavern in the lungs is filled 
 with air, and has a narrow outlet. It is not diag- 
 nostic, however. 
 
 BRUIT DE RACLEMENT, 'sound of scrap- 
 ing.' A sound produced by the scraping of hard, 
 solid membranes, as the pericardium, against each 
 other, very analogous to Bruit de eraquement. 
 
 BRUIT DE RAPE, 'sound of a rasp.' A 
 sound heard during the contraction of either the 
 auricles or ventricles. It is constant; and the 
 contraction of the cavity is more prolonged than 
 natural, and emits a hard, rough, and — as it were 
 - -stifled sound. 
 
 It indicates contraction of the valvular orifices 
 by cartilaginous deposits, or ossification, and is 
 better heard near the apex of the heart, if the 
 auriculo-ventricular valves be concerned, — near 
 the base, if the semilunar valves be the seat of the 
 
 BRUIT RESPIRATOIRE, Murmur, respi- 
 ratory. 
 
 BRUIT ROTATOIRE, Bruit muaculaire. 
 
 BRUIT DE SCIE, or 'saw sound,' and Bruit 
 DE LIME A BOIS, or ' file sound,' resemble the Bruit 
 de Rape. ^ 
 
 BRUIT DE SOUFFLE A DOUBLE COU- 
 RANT, Bruit de Diable. 
 
 BRUIT DE SOUFFLET, Bruit de Souffle, 
 'bellows' sound,' 'blowing sound.' A sound like 
 that of a bellows, heard occasionally by the ear 
 applied to the chest during the contraction of the 
 ventricles, auricles, or large arteries. It coexists 
 with affections of the heart, but is heard, also, 
 without any disease of that organ, — whenever, 
 indeed, an artery is compressed. An Encephalic 
 bellows' sound, (F.) Bruit de souffle cephalique, 
 has been described by Drs. Fisher and Whitney. 
 It is heard on applying the ear to the occiput or 
 to the top of the head; and is considered to indi- 
 cate turgescence of vessels, or inflammation. 
 When such turgescence exists, the vessels are 
 compressed, and the compression gives rise to 
 the sound in question. [?] 
 
 BRUIT DE SOUFFLE CEPHALIQUE, see 
 Bruit de soufflet — b. de Souffle placentaire, 
 Bruit jylacentaire — b. de Souffle uterin, Bruit 
 placentaire — b. de Tiraillement, Bruit de eraque- 
 ment. 
 
 BRUIT DE SO UP APE, 'valvular or flap- 
 ping noise.' A sound heard in respiration, when 
 a foreign body is in the air passages. It some- 
 what resembles the flapping of a valve; hence its 
 French name. 
 
 BRUIT DE TAFFETAS, 'sound of taf- 
 feta.' 'Sarcenet sound.' A respiratory sound, 
 so named, by M. GrisoUe, from its resembling the 
 sound caused by the tearing of a piece of taffeta; 
 and which he considers to indicate hepatization of 
 the lung, limited to the surface, in pneumonia. 
 
 BRUIT TY3IPANIQUE, 'tympanic sound.' 
 The clear sound afforded by percussing the sto- 
 mach and intestines when containing air. 
 
 BR UIT UTERIN, B. placentaire. 
 
 BR UITSDU C(EUR, see Heart. 
 
 BRUK, Furunculus. 
 
 BR UL URE, Burn. 
 
 BRUNELLE, Prunella. 
 
 BRUNNER'S GLANDS, Brunneri Glan'dulce, 
 G. Brunneria'ncB seu solita'ricB, Solitary glands 
 or follicles, Second pan' creas. Compound muci- 
 parous follicles, seated between the mucous and 
 muscular coats of the stomach, along the two 
 curvatures of that organ, and in the duodenum ; 
 so called from their discovery having been gene- 
 rally attributed to Brunner. The solitary intes- 
 tinal follicles are often known, at the present 
 day, as the glands of Brunner, although Brunner 
 restricted the latter term to the glands of the 
 duodenum. 
 
 BRUNONIAN, Brownian. 
 
 BRUNONIANISM, Brownism. 
 
 BRUNUS, Erysipelas. 
 
 BBUSCUS, Ruseus. 
 
 BRUSH, Scop'ula, (F.) Brosse. A well-known 
 instrument, used in medicine chiefly for the fol- 
 lowing purposes : — 1. To clean the teeth. 2. To 
 remove the saw-dust which adheres to the teeth 
 of the trephine, during the operation of trephin- 
 ing. 3. To rub the surface of the body, for the 
 purpose of exciting the skin, and favouring trans- 
 piration. Westring, a Swedish physician, has 
 
BRUTA 
 
 145 
 
 BUBONOEEXIS 
 
 reoommended metallic brushes for the purpose 
 of conveying galvanism to a part. These brushes 
 consist of a plate of ebony fitted to another of 
 gold, in -which threads of the same metal are 
 fixed; — the brush being connected with one of 
 the poles of the galvanic pile. 
 
 Brosh, Stomach, Excutia ventriculi. 
 
 BRUTA, Juniperus sabina. 
 
 BRU'TIA. A sort of thick pitch, obtained from 
 Brutia, in Italy. From Pix Brutia was obtained 
 the O'leum Pici'num. 
 
 Brutia, Instinct. 
 
 BRUTINO,^Terebinthina. 
 
 BRUTOLE, see Cerevisia. 
 
 BRUXANELLI. A Malabar tree, the bark 
 and leaves of which have a strong smell, and are 
 astringent. On the coast of Malabar, its juice, 
 mixed with butter, is applied to boils. Its bark 
 is esteemed to be diuretic, and its roots anti- 
 arthritic. ^ 
 
 BRUYERE VULGAIRE, Erica vulgaris. 
 
 BRUYERES, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Bruyeres is a small village, 7i leagues from 
 Luneville. The waters are acidulous and chaly- 
 beate. 
 
 BRYCETOS, see Algidus. 
 
 BRYCHETHMOS, Rugitus. 
 
 BRYCHETOS, see Algidus. 
 
 BRYGMA, Bryqmus, Trisia, Priais, Prismus, 
 Odontopri'sis, Stridor Den'tium, (F.) Grincement 
 des Dents. Grinding of the teeth. A common 
 symptom, in children, of gastric or other derange- 
 ment, but often present when there is no reason 
 to suspect any. 
 
 BRYONE, Bryonia — h. d'Ameriqxte, Convol- 
 vulus Mechoacan. 
 
 BRYO'NIA AFRICA'NA, African Bry'ovy, 
 from /3pDw, ' I bud forth.' A South African 
 plant, common amongst the Hottentots, which, 
 in the form of decoction, acts simultaneously as 
 an emetic, cathartic, and diuretic. It is used by 
 the natives in cutaneous diseases, dropsy, and 
 syphilis. The tincture is a powerful emetic and 
 cathartic. — Thunberg. 
 
 Bryo'nia Alba, White Bvy'ony, Vitis alba 
 sylvee'tris, Af/ron'tis, Ar/riam'pelos, Am'peloa 
 a'gria, Echetro'sis, Bryo'nia as'pera seu Ei- 
 oi'ca, Oedros'tis, Chelido' nitim, Lahrns'ca, 3fe- 
 lo' thrum, Ophrostaph'ylou, Psi'lo'tlirum. Ord. 
 Cucurbitacese. Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia. 
 (F.) Ooxleuwee, Vigne vlerge, V. blanche, Navet 
 du diable ou galant. The root is large and suc- 
 culent, and has an acrid, bitter, and disagreeable 
 taste. It is a drastic cathartic. Externally, it 
 has been applied, in form of cataplasm, in gout. 
 When repeatedly washed, a good starch is ob- 
 tained from it. The active principle has been 
 separated from it, and called Bry'onine. 
 
 Bryomia Mechoacanna Nigricans, Convol- 
 vulus jalapa — b. Nigra, Tamus communis — b. 
 Peruviana, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 
 BRYONTNE, see Bryonia alba. 
 
 BRYONY, BLACK, Tamus communis — b. 
 White, Bryonia alba — b. Wild, Sycios angulatus. 
 
 BRYTIA, Marc of grapes. 
 
 BR YTOLA TUBE, see Cerevisia. 
 
 BRYTOLE, see Cerevisia. 
 
 BRYTON, Cerevisia. 
 
 BU, (iov, abbreviation of /?ous, 'an ox,' in com- 
 position expresses ' excess, greatness.' Hence 
 Btilimun, Bnphthalmia, &c. 
 
 BUBASTECORDIUM, Artemisia vulgaris. 
 
 BUBE, Pustule. 
 
 BUBO, [iov(3wv, Pano'chia, Panus inguina'Us, 
 Adenophy'mn inguina'Us, Bubonopa'nus, Bnbo- 
 non'cxis, Buhon'ctis, Cumbu'ea, Angus, Boubon, 
 Codoce'le, Codoscel'la, (F.) Biibon, Pnulain. In 
 the works of Iiippocrates and Galen, this vj^ord 
 10 
 
 sometimes signifies the groin — Inguen ; at others, 
 the inguinal glands; and at others, again, swell- 
 ing or inflammation of these parts. The moderns 
 apply the term to an inflammatory tumour seated 
 in the groin or axilla, and they generally distin- 
 guish — 1. Simple or Sympathetic Bubo, which is 
 independent of any virus in the economy. 2. 
 Venereal Bubo, (F.) Bubon venerien, which is oc- 
 casioned by the venereal virus. 3. Pestilential 
 Bubo, or B. sympAomatic of the Plague. The last 
 two have by some been called malignant Bvbo, 
 (F.) Bubon malin. 
 
 Primary Bubo, (F.) Bubon primitif, shows it- 
 self with the first symptoms of syphilis: the con- 
 secutive not till afterwards. 
 
 BUBON, Bubo, Inguen — b. Gummiferum, see 
 Ammoniac gum. ^ 
 
 BUBON D'EMBLEE (F.). An enlargement 
 and suppuration of one or more of the inguinal 
 glands, not preceded by any other of the more 
 common forms of venereal disease, nor by any 
 other syphilitic symptom. 
 
 Bubon Gal'banum. The systematic name of a 
 plant which has been supposed to afford galba- 
 num ; Ileto'pion, Muto'rium. The plant is also 
 called Fer'ula Africa' na, OreoseW num. Africa' - 
 num, Ani'sum frutico'sum galbanif'erum seu Af- 
 rica' num frutes'cens, Seli'num Galbanum, Agasyl'- 
 lis gal'banum, The long-leaved or lovage-leaved 
 Gal'banum. Ord. Umbelliferse. The plant can 
 scarcely, however, be considered to be determined. 
 By the Dublin College, it is referred to OpoVdia 
 Galbanif'era, Ord. Umbelliferse. Galbanum is 
 the gummi-resinous juice. Its odour is fetid, and 
 taste bitter and acrid : the agglutinated tears are 
 of a white colour, on a ground of reddish-brown. 
 It forms an emulsion when triturated with water, 
 and is soluble in proof spirits of wine, and vine- 
 gar : sp. gr. 1'212. It has been given as an anti- 
 spasmodic and expectorant, in pill or emulsion. 
 Dose, from gr. 10 to 60. Externally, it is applied 
 as a cataplasm. 
 
 Bubon galbanum is a South African plant; and 
 is reputed to be an excellent diuretic, under the 
 name of Wild Celery. A decoction of the leaves 
 is given in dropsy and gravel. According to 
 Pappe, the re.sinous matter, which exudes from 
 the stem, difl'ers in appearance, smell, and in 
 every respect, from Gummi Galbanum. 
 
 Bubon Macedon'icum, Athaman'ta Ifacedon'- 
 ica, Petroseli'num ilacedon'icum, A'pjium petrce'- 
 um, Petra'pium, (F. ) Persil de Macedoine, 3Iace- 
 do'nian Parsley. Its properties are similar to 
 those of common parsley, but weaker and less 
 grateful. The seeds are an ingredient in the 
 celebrated compounds, Mithridate and Theriae. 
 
 BUBONA, Nipple. 
 
 BUBONALGIA, from /3odj3uv, 'the groin,' and 
 aXyoi, 'pain.' Pain in the groin. 
 
 BUBONCUS, Bubo. 
 
 ^VBO'lSflHyi, Aster At'ticus, Golden Starwort. 
 A plant anciently supposed to be ethcacious in 
 diseases of the groin, from ISovffmv, 'the groin.' 
 
 BUBONOCE'LE, from fiovHwv, ' the groin,' and 
 KriXr;, 'tumour,' 'rupture.' Her'nia inguina'Us, . 
 In'guinal Hernia, Rupture of the Groin. (F.) 
 Hemic inguinale. Some surgeons have confined 
 this term to hernia when limited to the groin, 
 and have called the same affection, when it has 
 descended to the scrotum, Oseheoce'le, Scrotal 
 Hernia. The rupture passes through the abdo- 
 minal ring: and, in consequence of the greater 
 size of the opening in the male, it is more fre- 
 quent in the male sex. 
 
 BUBONONCUS,Bubo. 
 
 BUBONOPANUS, Bubo. 
 
 BUBONOREX'IS, from /3ou,3a;v, 'the groin,' 
 and p??^if, 'a rupture.' A name given to bubono- 
 cele when accompanied with a division of the pe- 
 
BUBONULUS 
 
 146 
 
 BULBOCODIUM 
 
 ritoneum, or -when, in other words, it is devoid ; 
 of a sac. 
 
 BUBON'ULUS, Bubun'eulus. A diminutive 
 01 £ubo. A painful swelling of the lymphatics 
 of the penis, extending along the dorsum of that 
 organ to the groin. It is an occasional accom- 
 paniment of gonorrhcea. 
 
 BUBUKLE. A word used by Shalispeare for 
 a red pimple on the nose. 
 
 BUBUNCULUS, Bubonulus. 
 
 BUCAROS, Terra Portugallica. 
 
 BUCCA, Gnathos. The mouth. The cheek 
 and hollow of the cheek. Also, the vulva. 
 
 BUCCAC'RATON, from Bucca, and /cpau), 'I 
 mix.' A morsel of bread sopped in wine, which 
 served of old for a breakfast. — Linden. 
 
 BUCCAL, Biicca'lis, from Bnecn, 'the mouth,' 
 or rather ' the cheek.' That which concerns the 
 mouth, and especially the cheek. 
 
 Buccal Artery, Artere Sus-maxUlaire, (Ch.) 
 arises from the internal maxillary or from some 
 of its branches, as the Temporalis lyrofuvda an- 
 tico, or the Alveolar. It distributes its branches 
 to the buccinator muscle, and to the buccal mem- 
 brane. 
 
 Buccal Gla>T)S, Ifolar Glands. Mucous fol- 
 licles, seated in the buccal membrane, opposite the 
 molar teeth. They secrete a viscid humour, which 
 mixes with the saliva, and lubricates the mouth. 
 
 Buccal Membrane, (F.) Membrane Bnccale. 
 The mucous membrane, which lines the interior 
 of the mouth. 
 
 Buccal Xerve, Bucctna'tor Nerve, Biiccola- 
 hial — (Ch.), is given off by the inferior maxillary. 
 It sends its branches to the cheek, and especially 
 to the buccinator muscle. 
 
 Buccal Yees' follows the artery. 
 
 BUC'CEA, Buccel'la. The fleshy excrescence 
 of nasal polypus, so called because it was believed 
 to proceed from the mouth. — Paracelsus. Also, 
 a mouthful. 
 
 BUCCELA'TON, Buccela'fus. A loaf-shaped 
 cathartic medicine ; made chiefly of scammony. 
 — Aetius, Paulus of ^gina. 
 
 BUCCELLA, Bolus, Buccea. 
 
 BUCCELLA'TIO. A mode of arresting hemor- 
 ^rhage, by applying a pledget of lint to the bleed- 
 ing vessel. — Avicenna, Fallopius. 
 
 BLCCINA, Turbinated bones. 
 
 BUCCINA'TOR, from buccinare, 'to sound 
 the trumpet.' The Buccina'tor Jluscle, Retrac'- 
 tor An'guli Oris, Bucco-Alveolo-maxillaire, Alve- 
 olo-labial — (Ch.), Manso'rius, is situate in the 
 substance of the cheeks. It extends between the 
 posterior portions of the alveolar arches of the 
 two jaws and the commissure of the lips, which 
 it draws backward. It assists in mastication, by 
 pushing the food back towards the teeth ; and, 
 if the cheeks be distended by air, its contrac- 
 tion forces it out. 
 
 BUCCO. One who is blub-cheeked, or wide- 
 mouthed. In composition, the mouth. 
 
 BUCCO-AL VEOLO-MAXILLAIRE, Bucci- 
 nator. 
 
 BUCCO-LABIAL NERVE, Buccal nerve. 
 
 BUCCO-PHARYNGE'AL, Bueco-Pharynge'- 
 na, (F.) Biicco-Pharyngien. Belonging to the 
 mouth and pharynx. The Bucco-phari/nge'al 
 Aponeuro'sis or Intermax'illary Lig'ament, ex- 
 tends from the internal ala of the pterygoid pro- 
 cess to the posterior part of the lower alveolar 
 arch, and affords attachment, anteriorly, to the 
 buccinator, and, posteriorly, to the constrictor 
 pharynsjis superior. 
 
 BUC'^CULA, from Bucca, 'the mouth.' A 
 small mouth. The fleshy part beneath the chin. 
 -^Bartholine. 
 
 BUCERAS, Trigonella foenum — b. Foenum 
 Grascum, Trigonella foenum Graseum. 
 
 BUCHU, Diosma crenata — b. Leaves, Diosma 
 crenata. 
 
 BUCKBEAN, Menyanthes trifoliata— b. Ame- 
 rican, Menyanthes verna. 
 
 BUCKBERRY, Vaceinium stamineum. 
 
 BUCKET FEVER, Dengue. 
 
 BUCKEYE, ^sculus hippoeastanum. 
 
 BUCKHO, Diosma crenata. 
 
 BUCKTHORN, PURGING, Rhamnus. 
 
 BUCKU, Diosma crenata. 
 
 BUCKWHEAT, Polygonum fagopyrum — b. 
 Plant, eastern. Polygonum divarieatum. 
 
 BUCNEMIA, see Elephantiasis— b. Tropica, 
 see Elephantiasis. 
 
 BUCTON, Hymen. 
 
 BUFF, INFLAMMATORY, Corium phlogis- 
 ticum. 
 
 BUFFY COAT, Corium phlogisticum. 
 
 BUG, (BED,) Cimex. 
 
 BUGANTIA, Chilblain. 
 
 BUG'GERY, Sod'omy, Sodom' ia, Co'itus So- 
 domit'icus, (I.) Bugarone. Said to have been 
 introduced by the Bulgarians : hence the name. 
 A carnal copulation against nature, as of a man 
 or woman with any animal; or of a man with a 
 man, or a man unnaturally with a woman. The 
 unnatural crime. 
 
 BUGLE, Prunella — b. Common, Ajuga rep- 
 tans — b. Pyramidale, Ajuga — b. Rarnpante, Aju- 
 ga reptans — b. Water, Lycopus Virginious — b. 
 Weed, Lycopus. 
 
 BUGLOSE, Anchusa officinalis. 
 
 BUGLOSS, DYER'S, Anchusa tinctoria — b. 
 Garden, Anchusa officinalis — b. Upright, Ajuga. 
 
 BUGLOSSA, Anchusa officinalis. 
 
 BUGLOSSUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM MAJUS, 
 Anchusa officinalis — b. Latifolium, Borago offici- 
 nalis — b. Sativum, Anchusa officinalis — b. Syl- 
 vestris, Anchusa officinalis — b. Tinctorum, An- 
 chusa tinctoria — b. Verum, Boracic acid — b. 
 Vulgare majus, Anchusa officinalis. 
 
 BUGRANDE EPINEUSE, Ononis spinosa. 
 
 BUGRANE, Ononis spinosa — b. dee Chamjjs, 
 Ononis arvenis. 
 
 BUGULA, Ajuga — b. Chamfepitys, Teuerium 
 chamsepitys — b. Pyramidalis, Ajuga — b. Rep- 
 tans, Ajuea reptans. 
 
 BUIS,''Buxn9. 
 
 BUISARD, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bui- 
 sard is two leagues from Chateau-Thierry, in 
 France. The water contains chloride of calcium 
 and carbonate of lime. 
 
 BULB, Bulbils, (F.) Bulbe. A name, given 
 by anatomists to different parts which resemble, 
 in shape, certain bulbous roots. The Bulb of the 
 Aorta is the great sinus of the Aorta. Bulb of a 
 Tooth ; the vascular and nervous papilla con- 
 tained in the cavity of a tooth. The Bulb or 
 Roof of the Hair is the part whence the hair 
 originates. The Bulb of the Urethra is the 
 dilated portion formed by the commencement 
 of the Corpus spongiosum towards the root of 
 the penis. We say, also, Bulb, for Globe, of the 
 eye. 
 
 Bulb of the Eye, see Eye — b. of the Female, 
 Bulbus vestibuli' — b. Rachidian, see Medulla 
 oblongata. 
 
 BULBE, Bulb — 6. Rachidien, see Medulla 
 oblongata — b. du Vagin, Bulbus vestibuli — 6. de 
 la Voiite d trois Piliers, Mamillary tubercles. 
 
 BULBI FORNICIS, Mamillary tubercles— b. 
 Priorum Crurum Fornicis, MamUlary tubercles. 
 
 BULBOCASTANEUM, Bunium bulbocas- 
 tanum. 
 
 BULBO-CAVERNEUX, Accelerator urina. 
 
 BULBO-CAVERNOSUS, Accelerator urinse— 
 b. Syndesmo-caverneiix, Accelerator urinae — b. 
 Urethral, Accelerator arinje. 
 
 BULBOCODIUM, Narcissus pseudonarcissus. 
 
BULBONACII 
 
 147 
 
 BURNT HOLES 
 
 BULBONACH, Lunaria rediviva. 
 
 BULBUS, Bulb. 
 
 BuLBUS Esculen'tus. The Es'cuJent Bulb: 
 a particular kind, so denominated by the an- 
 cients. It is supposed to have been the Cejia 
 Ascalon'ica. — Dioscorides, Celsus, Pliny, &c. 
 
 BuLBUS Glanddlosus, Proventricukis — b. 
 Medulla spinalis, Medulla oblongata — b. Oculi, 
 see Eye — b. Olfactorius, see Olfactory Nerves — 
 b. Pili, see Hair — b. Kachidicus, see Medulla ob- 
 longata — b. Vaginae, B. vestibuli. 
 
 Bdlbus Vestib'ult, B. Vagi'iicB, Plexus re.ti- 
 form'is seu retieula'rls seu caverno'sus, Crura 
 clitor'idis inter'na, Bulb or Semi-bulb of the Fe- 
 male, (F.) Bulbe du Vagi'n. A close-packed 
 plexus of intricately anastomosing veins, inclosed 
 in a fibrous investment, — being an immediate 
 continuation and extension of the^o?-« intermedia, 
 and oceupj'ing the space between the beginning 
 or vestibule of the vagina and the rami of the 
 pubic arch on each side. It is regarded by 
 Lauth, Taylor, Morgagni and Kobelt as the ana- 
 logue of the male bulb. 
 
 BtJLBUs Vomito'rius. a plant, said by Dios- 
 corides to be emetic and diuretic. It is the 
 3[usk-grnpe flower, according to Bay, — the Hija- 
 ciiithus Ifuscari. 
 
 BULESIS, Voluntas. 
 
 BULGA, Vulva. 
 
 BULIMIA, Boulimia. 
 
 BU'LITHOS, from ffov;, 'an ox,' and \t&o;, 
 'a stone.' A bezoar or stone, found in the kid- 
 neys, gall-bladder, or urinary bladder of an ox 
 or cow. 
 
 BULLA, (F.) Bnlle. A Bleh, (Se.) Bleib. A 
 portion of the cuticle, detached from the skin by 
 the interposition of a transparent, watery fluid. 
 It forms the 4th order in Willan's and Bateman's 
 arrangement of cutaneous diseases, and includes 
 erysipelas, pemphigus, and pompholyx. By 
 some, Bulla has been used synonymously with 
 Pemphigus. See, also. Hydatid. 
 
 BULLACE PLUM, Prunus in Sitia. 
 
 BULLiB ROTUNDA CERVICIS UTERI, 
 Nabothi glandulas. 
 
 BULLDOG, Tabanus. 
 
 BULL-FISTS, Lycoperdon. 
 
 BULLOUS, Bullo'sns, (F.) Bulleux. Having 
 relation to a bulla or bleb, as a 'bullous eruption.' 
 Pemphigus has been designated Maladie bul- 
 leuse, and Fievre buUeuse, when accompanied by 
 fever. 
 
 BULLSEGG, Typha latifolia. 
 
 BUMBLEKITES, see Rubus fruticosus. 
 
 BUMELLIA. Fraxinus excelsior. 
 
 BUM-GUT, Rectum. 
 
 BUNA, Coffea Arabica. 
 
 BUNCOMBE, WARM AND HOT SPRINGS 
 OF. See North Carolina, Mineral Waters of. 
 
 BUNDURH, Corylus avellana. 
 
 BUNEWAND, Heracleum spondylium. 
 
 BUNIAS, Brassica napus. 
 
 BUNIOID, Napiform. 
 
 BUNION, Bunyon. 
 
 BUNI'TES VINUM. A wine, made by in- 
 fusing the Bunium in must. It is stomachic, but 
 scarcely ever used. 
 
 BUNIUM CARVI, Carum. 
 
 Bu'nium Bdlbocas'tanum, 0OVVIOV, so called, 
 it has been supposed, from growing on hills, from 
 fiovvog, 'a bill,' or from the tuberosity of its root. 
 B. minus, Balanocas'tanuvi, Sium bulbocastanum, 
 Scandex bulbocastanum, Cantm bulbocastanum. 
 Order, Umbelliferse. The systematic name of a 
 plant, whose root is called Pig-nut, Agriocas'ta- 
 mim, Nu'eula terres'tris, Bulbocas'tanum maj'us et 
 minus, Earth-nut, Haioh-nut, Kipper-nut, (Sc.) 
 Arnut, (F.) Terre-noix. The root is tuberous, 
 and is eaten raw or roasted. It has been sup- 
 
 posed to be of use in strangury. It is not em- 
 ployed in medicine. 
 
 BUNNIAN. Bunyon. 
 
 BUN WEED, Seneeio Jacobaea. 
 
 BUN'YON, Bun'ion, Bun'nian, from Poivoc, 
 'an eminence.' [?] An enlargement and in- 
 flammation of the bursa mucosa at the inside of 
 the ball of the great toe. 
 
 BUOPHTHALMIA, Buphthalmia. 
 
 BUPEINA, Boulimia. 
 
 BUPHTHALMI HERBA, Anthemis tinctoria. 
 
 BUPHTHAL'MIA, Buophthal'mia, Buphthnl'^ 
 mos, Elepjhantom'ma, from fiovi, 'an ox,' and oip- 
 ^aXjioq, 'an eye.' Ox-eye. Under this name, 
 the generality of authors have designated the 
 first stage of hydrophthalmia. Others, with Sa- 
 batier, mean by it, turgescence of the vitreous 
 humour, which, by pushing the iris forwards, 
 forms around the crystalline a sort of border. 
 
 BUPHTHALxMUM CRETICUM, Anthemis 
 Pyrethrum — b. Majus, Chrysanthemum Icucan- 
 themum. 
 
 BUPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia, Semper- 
 vivum tectorum. 
 
 BUPINA, Boulimia. 
 
 BUPLEUROIDES, Bupleurura rotundifolium. 
 
 BUPLEU'RUM ROTUNDIFO'LIUM, Bu- 
 pleu'ron, Bupleuro'i'des, from /Sou, augmentative, 
 and jT^cvpov, 'side,' (F.) Buplevre, Percefeuille, 
 Round-leaved flare's Ear, Thorowioax. Order, 
 Umbelliferffi. The herb and seeds are slightly 
 aromatic. It was formerly celebrated for curing 
 ruptures, being made into a cataplasm with wine 
 and oatmeal. 
 
 BUPLEVRE, Bupleurum rotundifolium. 
 
 BUR AC. Borax. Also, any kind of salt. 
 (Arabic.) 
 
 BURBOT, see Oleum Jeeoris Aselli. 
 
 BURDOCK, Arctium lappa — b. Lesser, Xan- 
 thium — b. Prairie, Silphium terebinthaceum. 
 
 BURIAL ALIVE, Zoothapsis. 
 
 BURIS, Hernia, accompanied by scirrhous 
 tumefaction; or, perhaps, a scirrhous tumour 
 only. — Avicenna. 
 
 BURN. Sax. bejiiian or l3y)inan, 'to burn or 
 bren.' Us'tio, Ambus'tio, Adus'tio, Tresis Causis, 
 Erythe'ma Ambus'tio, Causis, Encau'sis, Pyri- 
 caus'tum, Combustu'ra, Catacau'ma, Combus'tio, 
 (F.) Brulure. An injury produced by the action 
 of too great heat on the body. Burns are of 
 greater or less extent, from the simple irritation 
 of the integument to the complete destruction of 
 the part. The consequences are more or less 
 severe, according to the extent of injury, and the 
 part affected. Burns of the abdomen, when ap- 
 parently doing well, are sometimes followed by 
 fatal results. Their treatment varies, — at times, 
 the antiphlogistic being required; at others, one 
 more stimulating. 
 
 BURNEA, see Pinus Sylvestris. 
 
 BURNET, CANADA, Sanguisorba Cana- 
 densis. 
 
 BURNETT'S DISINFECTING LIQUID or 
 FLUID. A solution of chloride of zinc, first 
 used by Sir William Burnett for preserving tim- 
 ber, canvass, <fec., from dry rot, mildew, <fcc., and 
 afterwards as an antibromic and antiseptic, espe- 
 cially in the case of dead bodies. The Dublin 
 Pharmacopoeia has a Zinci Chlo'ridi Liquor, So- 
 lu'tion of Chloride of Zinc, which is not near so 
 strong as Sir William's preparation. 
 
 BURNING, Brenning. A disease mentioned 
 by old historians, from which authors have un- 
 successfully endeavoured to demonstrate the an- 
 tiquity of syphilis. — Parr. 
 
 BURNING OF THE FEET, see Feet, burn- 
 ing of the. 
 
 BURNT HOLES. A variety of rupia, popu- 
 larly known in Ireland under this name; and not 
 
BURR 
 
 148 
 
 BUXUS 
 
 unfrequent there amongst the ill-fed children of 
 the poor. See Rupia escharotica. 
 BURR, Rotacisrnus. 
 BURRAGE, Borago officinalis. 
 BUR-REED, GREAT, Sparganium ramosum. 
 BURRH, Rotacisrnus. 
 
 BURRHI SPIR'ITUS MATRICA'LIS. The 
 Spirit of Burrhns for diseases of the Womh. It 
 is prepared by digesting, in alcohol, equal parts 
 of myrrh, olibanura, and mastic. Boerhaave fre- 
 quently prescribed it. 
 
 BURSA CORDIS, Pericardium— b. Omentalis, 
 see Epiploon, gastro-hepatic — b. Pastoris, Thlaspi 
 bursa — b. Testiura, Scrotum — b. Virilis, Scrotum. 
 
 BURS^ MUCILAGINOSiE, B. mucosae. 
 
 BURS^ MUCO'S^, B. nmco'sa vesiculn'res, 
 BnrscB seu Cap'aulcB synovia'les, Biennocys' tides, 
 Siccci mnco'si, VesVcoR ungnino'sce ten'dinum, 
 Vngi'ncB St/tinvia'les seu mucilagiiio'scB, Syno'vial 
 Crypts or Foll'icJes, (F.) Bourses Synuviales ou 
 muquexises ou mucilarjineuses. Small membranous 
 sacs, (from fivpaa, ' a bag, a purse,') situate about 
 the joints, particularly about the large ones of 
 the upper and lower extremities, and, for the 
 most part, lying under the tendons. They are 
 naturally filled with an oily kind of fluid, the use 
 of which is to lubricate surfaces over which the 
 tendons play. In consequence of bruises or 
 sprains, this fluid sometimes collects to a great 
 extent. The bursiB are, generally, either of a 
 roundish or oval form, and they have been ar- 
 ranged under two classes, the sj^herical and the 
 vaginal. 
 
 IBiTRSyE Synoviales, Bursse mucosae. 
 
 BURSAL, Bitrsa'Hs. Relating or appertain- 
 ing to bursse, — as a 'bursal tumour.' 
 
 BURSALIS, Obturator internus. 
 
 BURSERA ACUMINATA, B. gummifera. 
 
 Burse'rA Gummif'etia, B. acumina'ta, Tere- 
 hintli' us gummifera, Jdmaica Bark Tree. Or- 
 der, Terebinthaceae. A resin exudes from this 
 tree, which, as met with in the shops, is solid 
 externally ; softish internally ; of a vitreous frac- 
 ture ; transparent; of a pale yellow colour ; tur- 
 pentine smell, and sweet, perfumed taste. It has 
 been used like balsams and turpentines in gene- 
 ral, and is called, by the French, Cachibou, Chi- 
 hou, and Resine de Gomart. 
 
 BURSITIS, see Synovitis. 
 
 BURST, Hernia, Hernial. 
 
 BURSTEN, see Hernial. 
 
 BURSULA, Scrotum. 
 
 BURTHISTLE, Xanthiura. 
 
 BURTREE, Sambucus. 
 
 BURUNHEM. Monesia. 
 
 BURWEED, Xanthiura. 
 
 BURWORT, Ranunculus acris. 
 
 BUSH, JEW, Pedilanthus tithymaloides. 
 
 BUSSANG, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bus- 
 sang is a village in the department of Vosges, 
 France. The waters are acidulous chalybeates. 
 
 BUSSEROLLE, Arbutus uva ursi. 
 
 BUS'SII SPIR'ITUS BEZOAR'TICUS, Be- 
 zoar'dic Spirit of Bussius. A preparation, re- 
 garded as sudorific, diuretic, and antispasmodic; 
 obtained by distilling subcarbonate and muriate 
 of ammonia, amber, oil of cedar or juniper, &c. 
 
 BUTE, ISLAND OF, CLIMATE OF. This 
 island is in the Frith of Clyde, about 18 miles 
 below Greenock. The climate is mild and equa- 
 ble, but rather moist ; and, as a winter residence, 
 it holds out advantages for those only that ap- 
 pear to demand such a condition of the atmo- 
 sphere. The climate resembles, in character, 
 that of the S. W. of England and France, and 
 the Channel islands; although its temperature is 
 lower. 
 
 BU'TEA FRONDO'SA, Erythri'na monosper'- 
 
 ma, Rndolpli'ia frondo'sa, see Kino. A tree, 
 common in Bengal, and in the mountainous parts 
 of India; Nat. Ord. Leguminosae ; from which 
 gum butea flows. Dr. Pereira found this gum to 
 be identical with a specimen marked gummi ru- 
 brum astringens — the gomme astringente de Gam- 
 bie of M. Guibourt. By some, this gum has been 
 confounded with kino. 
 BUTIGO, Gutta rosea. 
 BUTOMON, Iris pseudacorus. 
 
 BUTTER, from jSouTupov; itself from ;Sous, 'ox,' 
 and Tvpoi, 'any thing coagulated.' Buty'rum, 
 Pice' r ion, (F.) Beiirre. A sort of concrete oil, 
 obtained from the cream that forms on the sur- 
 face of the milk furnished by the females of the 
 mammalia, especially by the cow and the goat. 
 Fresh butter is very nutritious, whilst the rancid 
 is irritating. The ancient chemists gave the 
 name Butter to many of the metallic chlorides. 
 It has also been applied to vegetable substances, 
 which resemble, in some respects, the butter ob- 
 tained from milk. The essential fatty matter in 
 it is bu'tyrin or bu'iyrate of glyc"erin. 
 
 Butter op Antimony, Antimonium muriatum. 
 
 Butter of Bamrouc or Bamboc, (F.) Beurre 
 de Bambouc ou Bambuh. A vegetable oil ob- 
 tained from a species of almond, and used in 
 Senegal in neuralgic and rheumatismal pains. 
 
 Butter of Ca'cao, Oil of Ca'cao, Oleum Ca- 
 cao spissa'tum, 0. Theohro'viai Cacao expres' sum, 
 (F.) Beurre de Cacao, Huile de Cacao. A fjlt 
 substance, of a sweet and agreeable taste, ob- 
 tained from the Theobroma cacao or chocolate 
 nut. Owing to its firmness and fusibility, it is 
 well adapted to serve as the constituent of sup- 
 positories. 
 
 Butter of Cocoa, (F.) Biierre de Coco. A 
 fatty, concrete substance, which separates from 
 the milk of the cocoa nut. It is sweet and 
 agreeable. 
 
 Butter and Eggs, Narcissus pseudonarcissus 
 — b. Kokum, see Garcinia purpurea — b. of Nut- 
 megs, see Myristica. 
 
 BUTTERBUR, Tussilago petasites. 
 
 BUTTERCUPS, Ranunculus acris, and R. 
 bulbosus. 
 
 BUTTERFLY-WEED, Asclepias tuberosa. 
 
 BUTTERMILK, (Prov.) Chum-milk, Kern- 
 milk. Whig, (Sc.) Bladoch, Bledoch, Bladda, Kirn- 
 milk, SourmiJk, (F.) Babeurre, Lait de Beurre. 
 The thin, sour milk, separated from the cream by 
 churning. It contains caseum and a little butter. 
 It is a refreshing drink when newly made. 
 
 BUTTERTEIETH, Incisive teeth. 
 
 BUTTER WEED, Erigeron Canadense. 
 
 BUTTERWORT, Pinguicola vulgaris. 
 
 BUTTOCK-HUMP, Steatopyga, 
 
 BUTTONBUSH, Cephalanthus occidentalis. 
 
 BUTTONWOOD SHRUB, Cephalanthus occi- 
 dentalis. 
 
 BUTUA, Pareira brava. 
 
 BUTYRATE OF GLYCERIN, see Butter. 
 
 BUTYRIN, see Butter. 
 
 BUTYRUM, Butter — b. Amygdalarum dul- 
 eium. Confection (almond) — b. Saturni, Unguen- 
 tum plumbi superacetatis — b. Zinci, Zinei chlo- 
 ridum. 
 
 BUVEUR, Rectus internus oculi. 
 
 BUXTON, MINERAL WATERS OF, Bu.v- 
 tonien'ses Aquas. Buxton is a village in Derby- 
 shire. The springs are thermal, and about 82° 
 Fahrenheit. They contain sulphate of sodn., 
 chloride of calcium, chloride of sodium, chloride 
 of magnesium, carbonate of lime, carbonic acid, 
 and azote. They are used in cases in which 
 thermal springs, in general, are recommended. 
 They contain little or no mineral impregnation. 
 
 BUXUS, Bu.vus sempervi'rens. The Box-tree, 
 (F.) Buis ou Bonis. The leaves are bitter and 
 
BYNE 
 
 149 
 
 CACHECTIC 
 
 aromatic, and, as such, have been used in medi- 
 cine, in cases of worms, dyspepsia, &c., in the 
 form of decoction. They are sometimes, also, 
 added to beer. The seed was anciently called 
 Oarihe'gon. 
 
 BYNE, Malt. 
 
 BY'RETHRUM. A sort of cap or Coitvreche/, 
 filled with cephalic substances. — Forestus. 
 
 BYRON ACID or SOUR SPRINGS. These 
 Springs are in the town of Byron, Genesee coun- 
 ty, New I'ork. The water is a nearly pure dilute 
 sulphuric acid. They are powerfully astringent 
 and tonic. 
 
 BYRSA, (ivpaa. A leather skin to spread 
 plasters upon. 
 
 BYRSODEP'SICON. A tan stuff, with which 
 Cehus ^ORELiANns Sprinkled wool, which he 
 
 applied in certain cases to the umbilical region j 
 from ffvpo-a. ' leather,' and ^ei/eu, ' I tan.' 
 
 BYRSODEPSICUM PRINCIPIUM, Tannia. 
 
 BYSAU'CHEN, from (ivui, 'I stop up,' and 
 avxvv, ' the neck.' A morbid stitfness of the 
 neck. One with a short neck, — Simotrache'lus. 
 
 BY8S0S, Vulva. 
 
 BYSSUS, Byssum. The ancients gave this 
 name to several vegetable substances, which were 
 used for the fabrication of stuffs prized for their 
 fineness, colour, and rarity of material. It is 
 now chiefly applied to the filaments, by the aid 
 of which the acephalous moUusca attach their 
 shells to the rocks. Byssus was formerly &lsj 
 applied to Vae female pudendum. 
 
 BYTHOS, /3u^of, ' depth.' An epithet used by 
 Hippocrates for the fundus of the stomach. 
 
 c. 
 
 C. This letter in the chemical alphabet sig- 
 nifies nitre. It is also sometimes used in pre- 
 scriptions for calx. 
 
 CAA-AP'IA, Dor-sfe'iua Brazilien'sis seu cnr- 
 difo'lia seu placentoV des seu vitel'la. Order, 
 Urticese. The root, according to Piso, is employed 
 as emetic and anti-diarrhoeic. 
 
 CAA-ATAY'A. A plant of Brazil, supposed 
 to be a species of gratiola. It is very bitter, 
 and considered to be one of the best indigenous 
 cathartics. 
 
 CAAOICA, Euphorbia capitata. 
 
 CAA-GHIYU'YO, Frvtex hac'cifer BrazUien'- 
 sis. A shrub of Brazil, whose leaves, in powder, 
 are considered detersive. 
 
 CAAOPIA, Hypericum bacciferum. 
 
 CAAPEBA, Pareira brava, Pothomorpha pel- 
 tata and P. urabellata. 
 
 CAAPONGA, Crithmum maritimum. 
 
 CAAROBA. A Brazilian tree, whose leaves, 
 in decoction, promote perspiration. See Cera- 
 tonia. 
 
 CABAL, Crib'ala, Crtbal'la, Cal'hala, Caba'lia, 
 Kah'ala, Gahalla. This word is from the He- 
 brew, and signifies knowledge transmitted by 
 tradition. Paracelsus and several authors of the 
 16th and 17th centuries have spoken much of 
 this species of magic, which they distinguished in- 
 to Juda'ic or theolo'gian, and Hermet'ic or medie"- 
 innl; the latter being, according to them, the 
 art of knowing the most occult properties of 
 bodies by an immediate communication with 
 spirits, — the knowledge being thus acquired by 
 inspiration, and incapable of inducing error. It 
 was also called Ara cabalis' tica seu signa'ta, 'ca- 
 balistic art.' 
 
 CABAL'HAU. A plant of Mexico, according 
 to Dalechamps, which passes for an antidote to 
 white hellebore, and yet is used for poisoning 
 arrows. It is unknown to botanists. 
 
 CAB'ALIST, Cabalis'ta. One instructed in 
 the Cabal. 
 
 CABALLATION, Cynoglossum. 
 
 CABARET, Asarum. 
 
 CABBAGE, Brassica — e. Cow, Nymphasa odo- 
 rata— e. Irish, Dracontium foetidum — c. Skunk, 
 Dracontium fcetidum — c. Swamp, Dracontium 
 foetidum — c. Water, Nymphsea odorata — c. Tree, 
 GeofFraeainermis — c. Bark tree, Geoffrasa inermis. 
 
 CABBAGIUM, Geoffrsea inermis. 
 
 CABOTZ, Hagenia Abyssinica. 
 
 CABUREIBA, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
 
 CABUREICIBA, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
 
 CACJS'MIA, Cachce'mia, from KUKog, 'bad,' 
 and 'ai/ja, 'blood.' A faulty or morbid condition 
 of the blood. 
 
 CAC^STHE'SIS, Cct.cnasfhe'sis, OaeotBSthe'- 
 sis, from koko;, 'bad,' and aiadr/atg, 'feeling.' 
 Morbid sensation. Morbid general feeling. In- 
 disposition. 
 
 CACAFERRT, Ferri subcarbonas. 
 
 CAC'AGOGUE, Cacago'giis, Cac'cagogue, Cac- 
 cago'gus, from kukkt], 'excrement,' and ayetv, 'to 
 expel.' An ointment, composed of alum and 
 honey; which, when applied to the anus, pro- 
 duced an evacuation. — Paulus of Jilgina. 
 
 CACALEXITERIA, Alexiteria. 
 
 C AC A' LI A ANTEUPHOR'BIUM, Anteu- 
 phor'bium. Ord. Compositaj. A plant, which 
 Dodoens and others considered to be capable of 
 tempering the caustic properties of euphorbium. 
 It is also called Klein'ia. 
 
 Many varieties of the Cacalia arc used, in dif- 
 ferent countries, chiefly as condiments. 
 
 CA'CAO, Ca'coa, Caca'vi, Quakoil, Cacava'ta. 
 The cocofi. or chocolate nut ; fruit of Theobro'ma 
 Cacao, Co'coa Cacavif'era, Ca'cao minor seu 
 sati'va, Cacao theobro'ma, (F.) Cacaoyer ou Ca- 
 caotier ordinaire. Family, Malvaceae. Sex. 
 Syst. Polydelphia Pentandria. 
 
 CACAOTIER ORDINAIRE, see Cacao. 
 
 CACAOYER ORDINAIRE, see Cacao. 
 
 CACATION, Defecation. 
 
 CACATORIA, Diarrhoea. 
 
 CAC'ATORY, Cncato'rivs, from cacare, 'to go 
 to stool.' Febris cacato'ria; a kind of intermit- 
 tent fever, accompanied by copious alvine evacua- 
 tions. — Sylvius. 
 
 CACAYATA, Cacao. 
 
 CACAVI, Cacao, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 CACCAGOGUE, Cacagogue. 
 
 CACCE, Excrement. 
 
 CACCION'DE. A sort of pill, chiefly formed 
 of catechu, recommended by Baglivi in dysentery. 
 
 CACEPHEBOTE'SIA, from KaKog, 'bad,' and 
 e(j>tfioTin, ' puberty.' Morbid puberty. Disease 
 occurring at the period of puberty. 
 
 CACHALOT, see Cetaceum. ' 
 
 CACHANG-PARANG. A sort of bean of Su- 
 matra, mentioned by Marsden, whoss seeds are 
 given in pleurisy. Jussieu considered it to be the 
 Mimo'sa scandens. 
 
 CACHECTIC, Cachec'tes, Caehec'ticus, (F.) 
 Cachectique, same etymon as Cachexia. One at- 
 
CACHELCOMA 
 
 150 
 
 CACOSIS 
 
 tacked with cachexia. Belonging to cachexia. 
 Cachec'tica remed'ia are remedies against ca- 
 chexia. 
 
 CACHELCOMA. Helcoeaee. 
 CACHEX-LAGUEN, Chironia Chilensis. 
 CACHET (F.), 'a seal.' A stamp or merlicine 
 stamp, used by the ancient Romans for marking 
 their drugs, especially those prescribed in dis- 
 eases of tiie eyes ; and hence called, by soni?, 
 oculist stamps. Some of those more lately dis- 
 covered amongst Roman antiquities, hare been 
 described by MM. Sichel and Duchalais, and by 
 Prof. Simpson, of Edinburgh. j 
 
 CACHEX'IA, from kuko;, 'bad,' and 'tftf, 
 'habit.' Status cachec'ticus, Cach'exi/, Di/sthe'sis, 
 (F.) Cacherrie. A condition in which the body 
 is evidently depraved. A bad habit of body, 
 chiefly the result of scorbutic, cancerous, or ve- 
 nereal diseases when in their last stage. Hence 
 we hear of a Scorbutic Cachexia, Cancerous Ca- 
 chexia, &c. Sauvages and CuUen have included 
 under this head a number of diseases — consump- 
 tions, dropsies, &c. Cachexia has been some- 
 times confounded with diathesis. Cachexia Ic- 
 ter'iea is jaundice or icterus itself, or a disposition 
 thereto. Fluor albus is sometimes called Ca- 
 chexia Uteri' na. 
 
 Cachexia Africa>"A, Chthonophagia — c. Gal- 
 culosa, Lithia — c. Cancerous, see Cancer — c. 
 Chlorotie, Chlorosis — c. Dysthetica, Dyscrasia. 
 
 Cachexia, Gaol. The deteriorated organic 
 actions induced by confinement in prisons, which 
 is so often the precursor of scrofula. 
 Cachexia Icterica, Icterus. 
 Cachexia Loxdisen'sis. The paleness and 
 other evidences of impaired health presented by 
 the inhabitants of London. A similar cachexia is 
 seen in those of other crowded cities. 
 
 Cachexia, Lymphatica Farcimixosa, see 
 Equinia. 
 
 Cachexia, Maesh, (F.) Cachexie j^aladeenne, 
 ou palustre. The state of cachexy observed in 
 malarious districts. 
 
 Cachexia, Saturxixa, Saturnismus — c. Scor- 
 butic, see Purpura — c. Scrophulosa, Scrofula. 
 
 Cachexia Sple'xica. The state of scorbutic 
 cachexia, which often accompanies diseases, es- 
 pecially enlargement of the spleen, SpjlenaV gia 
 Beugalen'sis, in India. 
 
 Cachexia Venerea, Syphilis — c. Venous, Ve- 
 nositv — c. Virginum, Chlorosis. 
 
 CACHEXIE, Cachexia— e. lodee, see Iodine 
 — c. Paludienne, Cachexia, marsh — c. Palustre, 
 Cachexia, marsh. 
 
 CACHEXY. Cachexia. 
 CACHIBOU, see Bursera gummifera. 
 CACHIXLAGUA, Chironia ehilensis. 
 CACHINXA'TIO, from caehinno, 'I laugh 
 aloud.' A tendency to immoderate laughter, as 
 in some hysterical and maniacal affections. 
 
 CACHIRI. A fermented liquor made, in Cay- 
 enne, from a decoction of the rasped root of the 
 manioc. It resembles perry. 
 
 CACHLEX. a small stone or pebble, found 
 on the sea shore. One of these, when heated in 
 the fire, and cooled in whey, communicates an 
 ttstringency to the liquid, so that it was anciently 
 esteemed to be useful in dj'sentery. — Galen. 
 
 CACHOS. An oriental fruit, apparently of a 
 Solanum, which is esteemed lithontriptic. 
 CACHOU, Catechu. 
 
 CACHRYS LIBAXO'TIS. An umbelliferous 
 plant which grows in Africa and the south of 
 Europe. It is aromatic and astringent. Its seeds 
 are extremely acrid. 
 
 Cachrts Maritima, Crithmum maritimum. 
 CACHUX'DE. An Indian troeh or pastile 
 composed of amber, mastic, musk, cinnan>on, 
 aloes, rhubarb, galanga, pearls, rubies, emeralds, 
 
 garnets, &c. It is regarded by the people ofln- 
 dia as an antidote, stomachic and antispasmodic 
 CACO, KaKo, properly only an abbreviation of 
 KaKOi. In composition it means something de- 
 fective; as in the following words: 
 CACO^STHESIS, Cacsesthesis. 
 CACO-ALEXITERIA, Alexipharmic. 
 CACOCHOL'IA, from Kaxog, 'bad,' and x^^Vt 
 'bile.' Diseases induced by a depraved condition 
 of the bile. 
 
 CAC'OCHROI, Cae'oehri, from kukos, 'bad,' 
 and XP°''! 'colour.' Diseases in which the com- 
 plexion is morbidly changed in colour. 
 
 CACOCinrL'IA, from koko;, 'bad,' and ;^uAos, 
 'chyle.' Depraved chylification. 
 
 CACOCHYM'IA, Kakoehym'ia, Corrup'tio 
 Humo'rum, from kokos, 'bad,' and %t)/iOf, 'juice,' 
 'humour.' Cacoch'ijmy. Depravation of the 
 humours. 
 
 Cacochyjiia Plcmbea, Lead poisoning — c. 
 Scorbutica, see Purpura — c. Scrophulosa, Scro- 
 fula — c. Venerea, Syphilis. 
 
 CACOCH'YMUS, Cacochym'icus. One attacked 
 with cacochymia. Belonging to cacochymia. 
 
 CACOCXE'MUS, Cacocne'micus, JJalis suria 
 pradi'tus; from KaKos, 'bad,' and Kvrifij), 'the 
 leg.' One who has bad legs. 
 
 CACOCORE'MA, from KaKof, 'bad,' and Kopm, 
 ' I purge, or cleanse.' A medicine which purges 
 off the vitiated humours. 
 
 CACOD^'MOX, from koko;, 'bad,' and iaifiwv, 
 'a spirit.' An evil spirit, to which were ascribed 
 many disorders. The nightmare. 
 j CACO'DES, from jcatoj, 'bad,' and o^£iv, 'to 
 smell' — inale olens. Having a bad smell; Caco'- 
 dia, Cacos'mia. 
 
 CACODIA, see Cacodes. 
 
 CAC0ETH'ES,CaeoefA'j>?/8, (F.) Caeoethe,fTnm 
 KaKog, 'bad,' and tvoj, 'disposition, habit,' <S;c. 
 Of a bad or vitiated character, as ulcus cacoeth'es, 
 an ulcer of a malignant character. 
 CACOETHICUS, Cacoethes. 
 CACOGALAC'TIA, Cacocjn'lia, from /ca«coj, 
 'bad,' and yaXa, gen. yaAaxroj, 'milk.' A bad 
 condition of the milk. 
 
 CACOGALAC'TICA. Same etymon as the last. 
 One who suffers from a bad condition of the milk. 
 CACOGALIA, Cacogalactia. 
 CACOGEX'ESIS, (F.) Cacog^nise, from KaKOf, 
 'bad,' and ytvtrng, 'generation.' A morbid for- 
 mation. A monstrosity. 
 
 CACOMORPHIA, Deformation. 
 CACOMORPHOSIS, Deformation. 
 CACOPATHI'A, Pas'sio Jlala, from KnKo?, 
 'bad,' and Trai-o;, 'affection.' A distressed state 
 of mind. — Hippocrates. 
 
 CACOPHO'XIA, from koko;, 'bad,' and ^wvv, 
 'voice,' vitia'ta vox. A dissonant condition of 
 voice. 
 
 CACOPLAS'TIC, Cncoplas'ticus, Di/sjjlaeynai'- 
 ie ; from KaKo;, 'bad,' and rrAac-o-u, 'I form.' Sus- 
 ceptible of only a low degree of organization, as 
 the indurations resulting from low or chronic 
 < inflammation, fibro-cartilage, cirrhosis, &c. 
 
 CACOPRA'GIA, Cacoprax'is, from Kaxa;, 
 'bad,' and TrpaTToi, 'I perform.' Depraved con- 
 dition of the orsanic functions. 
 CACOPRAXiS, Cacoprasia. 
 CACORRHACHI'TIS, from Kaxos, 'bad,' and 
 pax'^' 'the spine.' Cacor'rhachis, Cacor'hachis, 
 Cacorhachi'tis, Spondylal' gia.. Deformity of the 
 spine. Disease of the spine. Spontaneous luxa- 
 tion of the vertebrae and ribs dependent upon 
 internal causes. 
 
 CACORRHYTH'MUS, ArrhytTi'mus, from /ca- 
 Kog, 'bad,' and pv^/xos, 'rhythm,' 'order.' Irre- 
 gular. 
 
 CACO'SIS. Mala disposit"io, (F.) Vice. A 
 
CACOSITIA 
 
 151 
 
 C^CUM 
 
 bad condition of body. — Hippocrates. A diseased 
 condition in general. 
 
 CACOSIT'IA, from /caico?, 'bad,' and airiov, 
 'aliment.' Disgust or aversion for food — Fas- 
 tid'iura ciho'i'um, 
 
 CACOSMIA, see Cacodes. 
 
 CACOSOMI'UM, from Kaico;, 'bad,' and cwixa, 
 'the body.' An hospital for leprosy, and incura- 
 ble affections in general. 
 
 CACOSPERMA'SIA, Cacosperma'tia, Cacos- 
 per'mia, irom kukos, 'bad,' and o-Trtp/ja, 'sperm.' 
 A bad condition of the sperm. 
 
 CACOSPHYX'IA, from xaxof, 'bad,' and 
 o-^uft;, 'pulse.' — Vitio'sHs 2)ul'sns. Bad state of 
 pulse. — Galen. 
 
 CACOSPLANCH'NIA, from Kaxos, 'bad,' and 
 o-irXay;^;i'ov, 'a viscus.' Indigestion. The ema- 
 ciation dependent upon imperfect digestion. — 
 Siebenhaar. 
 
 CACOSTOM'ACHUS, from >caKo^, 'bad,' and 
 uTOfi.axo';, ' the stomach.' What disagrees with 
 the stomach. Indigestible. — Gorraus. 
 
 CACOSTOMATOSPHRESIA, Breath, offen- 
 sive. 
 
 CACOS'TOMUS, from KaKog, 'bad,' and arofia, 
 'a mouth.' Having a bad mouth, or a bad 
 breath. 
 
 CACOTHANASIA, see Euthanasia. 
 CACOTHYM'IA, VU.'ium Aii'im!, from naKog, 
 ' bad ' and Sviios, ' mind,' ' disposition.' A vicious 
 state of mind. — Linden. 
 
 CACOTRIBULUS, Centauroa calcitrapa. 
 CACOTRICH'IA, from kuko;, 'bad/ and Sptf, 
 rpixoi, 'hair.' Disease of the hair. 
 
 CACOTROPH'IA, from Ka<os, 'bad,' and rpo,pn, 
 'nutrition.' — Vitio'sa nutril"io ; — disordered nu- 
 trition. — Galen. 
 
 OAOOU, Cngot, Catechu. 
 
 CACOU'CIA COCCIN'EA, Couain'en, Coc- 
 ciii'ea, SckousbcB'a coccin'ea, Tikimma. A peren- 
 nial twining shrub of South America, the plant 
 of which, as well as the fruit, is possessed of 
 emeto-cathfirtie properties. 
 GACTIER, Cactus opuntia. 
 CACTUS, Cynara. 
 
 CACTUS OPUN'TIA, Opun'tia, 0. vidga'ris. 
 The Indian Fig, (F.) Cactier, Roqnette, Figuier 
 d'lnde. Ord. Cactaceaj. This plant grows in 
 Bouth America, Spain, Italy, &c. Its fruit, which 
 has the shape of the fig, is of a sweetish taste, 
 and colours the urine red when eaten. Its leaves 
 are considered refrigerant. 
 
 The fruits of different species of cactus are 
 called Tunas. 
 
 CADA'BA, Stroe'mia. A genus of the family 
 Gapparidem, natives of India and Arabia. The 
 young shoots of the Cada'ba farino'sa are consi- 
 dered to be an antidote against venomous bites. 
 
 CADA'VER, Ptoma, Necron. A dead body, 
 corse, corpse, (Sc.) Corp; a subject; a carcass, 
 (F.) Gddavre. The word has been supposed to 
 come from cado, ' I fall ;' and by some to be a 
 contraction from caro data vermibus, 'flesh given 
 to the worms.' [?] 
 
 CADAVERIC, Cadaverous. 
 
 CADAVEROUS, Cadav'eric, Gadavero'sus, 
 Necro'des, (F.) Gadavereux, Gadaverique. Be- 
 longing to the dead body ; as cadaverous smell. 
 The Gudmj'erous or Hippoevat'ic face, (see Face), 
 is an unfavourable sign in disease, and generally 
 denotes a fatal termination. 
 
 Cadav'erogs or Cadav'eric HypERiE'iiiA. 
 The hypostatic hyperfemia observed in depend- 
 ing parts of the dead body. 
 
 CADDY INSECT, see Ectozoa. 
 OADE, Juniperus oxycedrus. 
 CADE.JI-INDI, Malabathrum. 
 CADEL-AVANACU. Croton tiglium. 
 CADIA. An Egyptian, leguminous plant. 
 
 The Arabs attribute to its fresh leaves the power 
 of relieving colic. 
 
 CADIVA IXSANIA, Epilepsy. 
 
 CADMIA, Calamina, Tutia. 
 
 CADMI'I SULPHAS, Cadmi'mn snlpTin'ricnm, 
 Sulphas Cadmi'cus, 3Ieli'iii Sulphas, Klapro'thii 
 Sulphas, Klapro'lhium SiJphu'ricum, Melinuni, 
 Sulphu' ric%im, Sulp>hate of Gad' mium. Used in 
 spots on the cornea, and in chronic torpid in- 
 flammation of the conjunctiva, in the quantity 
 of half a grain to a grain to the ounce of water. 
 It does not differ materially in its properties from 
 sulphate of zinc. The nitrate, in the dose of fth 
 of a grain, induces vomiting and purging. 
 
 CADMIUIVI SULPHUP.ICUM, Cadmii Sul- 
 phas . 
 
 GADRE DU TYMPAN, Tympanal. The 
 portion of the temporal bone which supports the 
 membrana tympani. 
 
 CADTCHU, Catechu. 
 
 CADUCA HUNTERI, Decidua — c. Passio, 
 Epilepsy. 
 
 CADU'CITY, Imbecil'lifas, Debll'itas, Gadu'- 
 citas, from cadere, 'to fall.' The French use the 
 word Gadiicite for the portion of human life which 
 is comprised generally between 70 and 80 years. 
 The age which precedes decrepitude. It i.s so 
 termed in consequence of the limbs not usually 
 possessing sufficient strength to support the body. 
 The precise age must of course vary in indivi- 
 duals. 
 
 GADUQUE, Decidua membrana — c. Reflechie, 
 see Decidua membrana — c. Uterine, Decidua — c. 
 Vraie, Decidua membrana. 
 
 CADURCUS, Vulva. 
 
 CADUS, Ka&oi;. A Greek measure equal to ten 
 gallons English. — Pliny. Amphora. 
 
 CiECA FOBAM'INA (ANTERIUS ET POS- 
 TERIUS) are situate at the fore and back parts 
 of the tuber annulare of the brain, and at the 
 extremities of the depression made by the verte- 
 bral artery. The former is placed between the 
 nerves of the third, and the latter between those 
 of the sixth pair. 
 
 C^.C^ HiEMORRHOi'DES, Blind Piles, 
 (F.) Hemorrhoides aveugles, are those unaccom- 
 panied by any discharge. 
 
 CiECAL, GcBca'lis. Belonging to the Caseum, 
 from ccBcus, 'blind, hidden.' The GcBcal arteries 
 and veins are the branches of the Arteries et vence 
 coliccB dextrcB inferiores, distributed to the cpscum. 
 The GcBcal or blind extremity of a duct is its 
 closed termination. See Caecus. 
 
 CiECATRIX, Cicatrix. 
 
 C^'CITAS, GcB'citas, Cmcitu'do, Ablep'sia, 
 Obcceca'tio, Ocemca'tio, Anap'sia, Ty'jihlotes, 
 Typhlo'sis, Ce'city, Blindness, (F.) Aveuylement, 
 Geeite, Perte de la vue. Cseeitas may be depend- 
 ent upon many different diseases — as upon amau- 
 rosis, specks, hypopyon, cataract, glaucoma, oph- 
 thalmia, atrophy of the eye, &c. 
 
 C^ciTAS Crepuscularis, Hemeralopia — e. 
 Diurna, Nyctalopia — c. Nocturna, Hemeralopia. 
 GjEGITE. Typhlo-enteritis. 
 
 CiECITUDO, Cfficitas. 
 
 GJECVM, Gcecum, Intesti'nnm ccBciim, 3'Ionom'- 
 aehon, llonom'acum, Monoco'lon, 3Ionorn'lin>i, 
 Typhlo'teron monoco'lon, Typhlot'erum, Typhlo- 
 en'terum, Init"ium ■intesti'ni crassi, Saccus Iiites- 
 tini crassi seu Goli, GcBCum Gaput coli, Gnput m/i. 
 Prima cella coli, Init"ium extii'berans coli, from 
 CCBCUS, 'blind.' The Blind Gut, so called from 
 its being open at one end only. That por- 
 tion of the intestinal canal which is seated be- 
 tween the termination of the ileum and com- 
 mencement of the colon ; and which fills, almost 
 wholly, the right iliac fossa; where the perito- 
 neum retains it immovably. Its length is about 
 three or four fingers' breadth. The Ileo-cmcal 
 
C.ECUS 
 
 15; 
 
 CALADIUM ESCULENTUM 
 
 vahe or Valce of Bauhin shuts oif all communi- 
 cation between it and the ileum : and the Appen- 
 dix vermiformis ccBci is attached to it. 
 
 CiECUii Fora'men of the frontal hone is a small 
 cavity at the inferior extremity of the internal 
 coronal crest or crista. — Fronto-ethmoidal fora- 
 men, (F.) Trou avevgle ou borgne. Morgagni has 
 given the same name to the small cavity in the 
 middle of the upper surface of the tongue, near 
 its base ; the sides of which are furnished with 
 mucous follicles — Lacunes de la langue — (Ch.) 
 
 C.ECujr, Phlegmonous Tumour of the, Ty- 
 phlo-enteritis. 
 
 CiECUS. 'Blind.' One deprived of sight, 
 TypMops, (F.) Aveugle, Borgne. In anatomy, it 
 is used to designate certain holes or cavities, 
 which end in a cul-de-sac; or have only one 
 opening. See Caecal. 
 
 Bihid Ducts of the Ure'thra, (F.) Conduits 
 aveugles de I'urethre, are the Mucous Lacu'na 
 of the Ure'thra. 
 
 C^LA-DOLO, Torenia Asiatica. 
 
 C^MENTUM, Lute. 
 
 CiERULEUM BEROLINENSE, Prussian 
 blue — c. Borussicum, Prussian blue. 
 
 C^RULOSIS NEONATORUM, Cyanopathy. 
 
 CiESALPI'NIA, C sappan, Sappan or Samp- 
 fen wood, (F.) Bresillet, Bois de S^^ippcui. Ord. 
 Leguminosae. Called after C»salpinus. A small 
 Siamese tree, the wood of which is used in de- 
 coction, in cases of contusion. 
 
 Brazil wood, Pernamhnco or Fernambuco wood, 
 formerly used as an astringent, is the wood of 
 C.ksalpin'ia Echina'ta. This is the proper 
 Brazil wood ; but another variety in commerce is 
 the Brasiletto from Cwsalpinia Brasiliensis and 
 C. crista, which grow in the West Indies. 
 
 The Nicaragua or Peach-icood is analogous to 
 this, and is said to be derived from a species of 
 Cgesalpinia. 
 
 The kernel of C^salpix'ia Boxducell'a, the 
 seed of which is called in India Kutkuleja and 
 Ktitoo Kurunja, is given as a febrifuge tonic. 
 Dose, ten erains. 
 
 C^SA'REAN section, C<Bsa'rean opera'- 
 tion, Tomotoc'ia, Ca-.sa'vea sectio. Partus ccesa'- 
 reus, Opera'tio ccBsa'rea, Metrotorii'4a, (F.) Ope- 
 ration Cesarienne, from ccedere, cmsum, ' to 
 cut.' An incision made through the parietes 
 of the abdomen and uterus to extract the 
 foetus. In this manner, Julius Cassar is said 
 to have been extracted. — Pliny. It is also 
 called Hysterotom'ia, Hysterotomotoc'ia, Gastro- 
 metrotom'ia, Gusterhysterot'omy, Gastrometrot' - 
 ome, Gastroh y sterol' omy . An incision has been 
 made into the uterus through the vagina, consti- 
 tuting the Vaginal CcBsurean Section, Gastro- 
 elytrotom'ia, Gastrelytrotom'ia, Gastrocolpotom'ia, 
 Laparacolpotom'ia, Laparoelytrotom' i a, (F.) Ope- 
 ration cesarienne vaginale. The Ccesarean sec- 
 tion may be required when the mother dies 
 before delivery ; when there is some invincible 
 obstacle to delivery from the faulty conformation 
 of the pelvis ; or when the child has passed into 
 the abdominal cavity in consequence of rupture 
 of the uterus. 
 
 CiESARIES, Capillus, Scalp. 
 
 C^SIUS, Glaucoma. 
 
 CiE'SOXES, Cce'sares. Children brought into 
 the world by the Cfesarean operation. 
 
 CiESU'LI^'E. They who have gray eyes. 
 
 C^SURA, Cut. 
 
 C^TCHU, Catechu. 
 
 CAF, Camphor. 
 
 CAFAL, Agrimony. 
 
 CAFAR, Camphor. 
 
 CAFE, Coffea. 
 
 CAFF 1 LA SULTANE. This name has 
 
 been given to an infusion or decoction of the ground 
 coques or pericarps which surround the coffee. 
 
 CAFE CITRIN. The aqueous infusion of un- 
 roasted coffee, so called on account of its yellow- 
 ish tint. 
 
 CAFEIN, see Coffea Arabica. 
 
 CAFEIER and CAFEYER, Coffea Arabica. 
 CAFFA, Camphor. 
 CAFFEIN, see Coffea Arabica. 
 
 CAFIER, Coffea Arabica. 
 
 CAFUR, Camphor. 
 
 CAGAS'TRUM. The principal or germ of dis- 
 eases which are communicable. — Paracelsus. 
 
 CAGNEUX, Cagot. See Kyllosis. 
 
 CAGOSANGA, Ipecacuanha. 
 
 CAGOTS{¥.). A name given to deformed and 
 miserable beings, met with in the Pyrenees, Bern, 
 and Upper Gascony, in France, where they are also 
 called Capots. In other districts they are called 
 Gezits, Gezitains, Cretins, Gahets, Capons, Coli- 
 berts, Cacous, Cagneux, &c. See Cretin. The word 
 Cagot is supposed to be an abbreviatiou of Cania 
 Go'thus, ' Dog of a Goth.' 
 
 CAGUE-SANGUE, Caqnesangue. 
 
 CAHINC.E RADIX, Caincas radix. 
 
 CAI'EPUT OIL, Cafeput oil, Kyaput'ty, Ca- 
 jnpu'ti O'leum. The volatile oil of the leaves of 
 3Ielaleu'ca Cajupu'ti, Ord. Myrtacese, a native 
 of the Moluccas. The oil has a strong, fragrant 
 smell, like camphor; taste pungent and aromatic. 
 It is stimulant, and useful where the essential oils 
 in general are employed. It has also been called 
 Oil of Witneben, from the person who first dis- 
 tilled it; 
 
 CAIK, Pleurodynia. 
 
 CAIL-CEDRA, Swietenia Senegalensis. 
 
 CAILLE, Tetrao coturnix. 
 
 CAILLE, see Curd. 
 
 CAILLE AU, Lantana. 
 
 CAILLEBOTTE, see Curd. 
 
 CA[LLE-LAIT, Rennet — c. Blanc, Galium 
 moUugo — c. Vraie, Galium verum. 
 
 CAILLETTE, Abomasus. 
 
 CATLLOT, Coagulum. 
 
 CAINANiE RADIX, Caincse radix. 
 
 C A I N'C M RADIX, Radix. Chiococ'ccB, R. 
 Caina'ncB seu CaninancB seu Cahinca seu Ka- 
 hincm seu Serpenta'ricB Brazilien'sis, Cainca Root. 
 The bark of the roots of Chiococe'a anguif'vga 
 seu densifo'lia, and, perhaps, Ch. raecmo'sa, a 
 plant of the Order Rubiaceee. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
 tandria Monogynia, of Linnaeus. It is bitter, 
 tonic, and diuretic, but has not been long intro- 
 duced. Dose of the powder, from Qj to ^i^^- 
 
 Dr. John H. Griscom, of New York, considers 
 there is a remarkable analogy between the Cain- 
 ca and the Apocynum cannahinum. 
 
 CAINITO. Chrysophyllum Cainito. 
 
 CAIPA SCHORA. A cucurbitaceous Malabar 
 plant, the fruit of which has a pyriform shape. 
 The juice is drunk in that country for the pur- 
 pose of arresting hiccough. The fruit, when un- 
 ripe, is emetic. 
 
 CAISSE, Case — c. du Tambour, Tympanum — 
 c. du Tympan, see Tympanum 
 
 CAITCHU, Catechu. 
 
 CAJAN, Phaseolus ereticus 
 
 CAJUPUTI, Caieput. 
 
 CAKES, WORM, STORY'S. These were com- 
 posed oi calomel a.nd jalap, made into cakes, and 
 coloured with cinnabar. 
 
 CALABASH-TREE, NARROW-LEAVED, 
 Crescentia Cujete. 
 
 CALADIUM ESCULENTUM, Arum esculen- 
 tum. 
 
 Cala'dtum Segui'num, Nat. Ord. Araeeae. A 
 plant of India, whose acrid juice has been given 
 
CALAF 
 
 153 
 
 CALCENOS 
 
 there in gout and rheumatism, and as an anaphro- 
 disiac to women. The tincture has been prescribed 
 in pruritus vulvae. 
 
 CALAF, Salix ^gyptiaea. A large-leaved 
 Egyptian willow, called, also. Ban. The dis- 
 tilled water of the flowers, called Ilacahalef, 
 passes, in that country, for an excellent ant- 
 aphrodisiac. It is also used as an antiloimic, 
 antiseptic, and cordial. 
 
 CALAGUALA, see Calagualae radix. 
 
 CALAGERI, Vernonia anthelraintica. 
 
 CALAGIRAH, Vernonia anthelraintica. 
 
 OALAGUA'LiE RADIX, Calngae'la: Radix. 
 The root of Polypo'dium Calagua'lu seu adianti- 
 for'me seu coria'ceum seu ammifo'liiim seu ar- 
 yen'teiim seu pol'Hum, Aspid'inm coria'ceum seu 
 ferriigiii'eum seu dis'color, Tecta'ria calahuala 
 sea ferrugin'ea, Calaguala, Calahuala. Order, 
 Felices. It has been exhibited in Italy in dropsy, 
 pleurisy, contusions, abscesses, &c. Its proper- 
 ties are not, however, clear. 
 
 CALAHUALA. see Calagualse radix. 
 
 CALAMANDRINA, Teucrium chamsedrys. 
 
 CALAMBAC, Agallochum. 
 
 CALAMBOUK, Agallochum. 
 
 CALAME'DON, from KaUfAog, 'a reed.' This 
 word has had various significations. Some have 
 used it for an oblique fracture of a bone; the 
 fractured portions having the shape of the nib 
 of a pen. Others have used it for a longitudinal 
 fracture ; and others, again, for one that is com- 
 minuted. 
 
 CALA2rENT, Melissa calamintha. 
 
 CALAMI'JSTA, Cal'amiiie, from calamus, 'a, 
 reed,' so called from its reed-like appearance. 
 Cadmi'a, 0. lapido'sa aero'sa seu fos'silis, Lapis 
 Aero'sus, Lapis Calamiita'ris, Calamina'ris, Oa.r'- 
 bonas Ziiici impu'rus, Cathmir, (F.) Pierre cala- 
 minaire. Native impure carbonate of zinc. Cala- 
 mine is chiefly used for pharmaceutical purposes 
 in the form of the Calamina pr^para'ta (Pb. 
 U. S.), Lapis Calamina'ris prcepara'tus, Gar'ho- 
 nas zinci impu'rus jircBpara'tus, Zinci car'bonas 
 prcBpara'tns, Prepared Calamine : — Calamine re- 
 duced to an impalpable powder by roasting and 
 levigation. In this state it is sprinkled or 
 dusted on excoriated parts, or to prevent exco- 
 riation, (fee. 
 
 CALAMINARIS, Calamina. 
 
 CALAMINT, Melissa Calamintha— c. Field, 
 Melissa nepeta — c. Mountain, Melissa grandiflora 
 — e. Spotted, Melissa nepeta. 
 
 CALAMINTA HUMILIOR, Glecoma hede- 
 racea. 
 
 CALAMINTHA, Melissa C — c. Anglica, Me- 
 lissa nepeta — c. Erecta Virginiana, Cunila Mari- 
 ana — c. Hederacea, Glechoma hederacea — c. 
 Magno flore, Melissa grandiflora — c. Montana, 
 Melissa grandiflora — c. Nepeta, Melissa nepeta — 
 c. Parviflora, Melissa nepeta — c. Pulegii odore, 
 Melissa nepeta— e. Triehotoma, Melissa nepeta. 
 
 CAL'AMUS, KoKafjLos, 'the reed.' In the Phar- 
 macopoeia of the U. S., the rhizoma of acorus 
 calamus. 
 
 Calamus Alexandri'nus. Celsus has thus 
 called a medicine, which was long confounded 
 with Calamus Aromaticus. It is not a root, 
 however, but the stalk of a plant of India and 
 Egypt, probably the Andropio'gon Nardus. It 
 entered into the theriaca, and has been regarded 
 as antihysteric and emmenagogue; — Calamus 
 aromaticus verus. 
 
 Calamus Aromaticus, Acorus calamus — c. 
 Aromaticus verus, Calamus Alexandrinus — e. 
 Draco, C. rotang — c. Indicus, see Saccharum — c. 
 Odoratus, Acorus calamus. Juncus odoratus. 
 
 CALAsrus PbOTANG, C. Draco. Order, Palmse. 
 The systematic name of a plant, whence Dragon's 
 Blood, Sanguis Draco' nis, Cinnab'aris GrcBco'runi, 
 
 DraeonthcE'ma, (F.) Sang-Dragon, is procured. It 
 is the red, resinous juice, obtained, in India, from 
 wounding the bark of the Calamus Rotang. It hag 
 been used as an astringent in hemorrhages, &c. ; 
 but is now rarely employed. 
 
 Calamus ^ crivt o' b.\\: s. Ana g'lyplie, 'a writing 
 pen,' (F.) Fossette angulaire da quatrieme ven-. 
 tricule. A small, angular cavity, situate at the 
 superior extremity of the medulla, in the fourth 
 ventricle of the brain, which has been, by some, 
 supposed to resemble a pen. 
 
 Calamus Vulgaris, Acorus calamus. 
 
 CALAPPITE. Rumphius has given this name 
 to calculous concretions, found in the interior of 
 certain cocoa-nuts. The cocoa-tree itself the Ma- 
 lays call Calap]ja. These stones are, likewise, 
 termed Vegetable Bezoards. The Malays attri- 
 bute potent virtues to them, and wear them as 
 amulets. 
 
 CALASAYA, Cinehonse cordifoliee cortex. 
 
 CALBALA, Cabal. 
 
 CALBIA'NUM. The name of a plaster in 
 Myrepsus, the composition of which we know 
 not. 
 
 CALCADINUM, Ferri sulphas. 
 
 CALCATRE, Calcareous. 
 
 CALCA'NEAL, Calca'nens, from calx, 'the 
 heel.' Having relation to the calcaneum, as 
 ' calcaneal arteries.' 
 
 CALCANEO-PHALANGIEN DU PETIT 
 ORTEIL, Abductor minimi digiti pedis — c. 
 Phalanginien cowiwfo), Extensor brevis digitorum 
 pedis- — ■ c. Sous-phalangettien eommun, Flexor 
 brevis digitorum pedis — c. Sous-Phalanginien 
 comnutn. Flexor brevis digitorum pedis — c. Sous- 
 j)lialangien du j^etit orteil, see Abductor minimi 
 digiti pedis — c. Sus-jjJialangettien commim. Ex- 
 tensor brevis digitorum pedis. 
 
 CALCA'NEUM, from calx, 'the heel.' Calca- 
 neus, Calcar, Cal'cia, Ichnus, Os Calcis, Pterna, 
 Pter'nium. The largest of the tarsal bones : that 
 which forms the heel. It is situate at the poste- 
 rior and inferior part of the foot ; is articulated 
 above and a little anteriorly with the astragalus; 
 anteriorly, also, with the os cuboides. Its poste- 
 rior surface — called Heel, Talus, Calx, (F.) Ta- 
 lon — gives attachment to the tendo-achillis : tho 
 lower has, posteriorly, two tuberosities, to which 
 the superficial muscles of the sole of the foot are 
 attached. The small Ap)op)h' y sis orlateral Apoph- 
 ysis of the Calca' newni, (F.) Petit Apopliyse ou 
 Apophyse laterale du Calcaneum, is a projection 
 at tbe upper surface of this bone, on which is 
 formed the posterior portion of the cavity that 
 receives the astragalus. The great Apoph'ysis, 
 anterior Apoph'ysis of the Calca'neum, is the 
 projection which corresponds, on one side, with 
 the cuboides; and on the other forms the ante- 
 rior part of the facette which receives the astra- 
 galus. 
 
 CALCAR, Calcaneum, Ergot — c. Avis, Hippo- 
 campus minor. 
 
 CALCA'REOUS, Calca'reus, Calca'rius, from 
 calx, 'lime.' (F.) Calcaire. Containing lime :— 
 as calcareous concretions, C. dej^ositions, &o. 
 
 CALCAREUS CARBONAS, Creta. 
 
 CALCARIA CHLORATA, Calcis chloridum— 
 c. Chlorica, Calcis chloridum — c. Phosphorica, 
 see Cornu cervi — c. Pura, Calx — c. Pura liquida, 
 Liquor calcis. 
 
 CALCARIA CHLORUM, Calcis chloridum. 
 
 CALCATAR, Ferri sulphas. 
 
 CALCATREPPOLA, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
 
 CALCE'NA, CALCE'NON, CALCENO'NIA, 
 CALCINO'NIA.. Words employed by Paracel- 
 sus to designate the concretions of tartrate of lime 
 which form in the human body. 
 CALCENOS, Calcetus. 
 
CALCEOLARIA 
 
 154 
 
 CALCULI 
 
 CALCEOLA'RIA, from caleeolus, 'a. small 
 slipper ;' Stipperwort. 
 
 Calceola'eia Primata is used in Peru as a 
 laxative. 
 
 Calceola'eia Trif'ida is esteemed to be febri- 
 fuge. 
 
 CALCE'TUS, Caleeno'nitts, Calce'nos. That 
 •which abounds in tartrate of lime. An adjective 
 used by Paracelsus in speaking of the blood; 
 Sanguis calce'tus. Hence came the expression, 
 Cal'cined Mood, Snng calcine. 
 
 CALCPJUM EQUINUM, Tussilago. 
 
 CALCHOIDEA (OS), Cuneiform bone. 
 
 CALCIA. Calcaneum. 
 
 CALCIFEROUS CANALS, Canaliculi calci- 
 feri. 
 
 CALCIFICATIOlSr, see Cretefaction. 
 
 CALCIGEROUS CELL, see Tooth. 
 
 CALCIG'RADUS, Ptemob'ates, from calx, 
 'the heel,' and gradus, 'a step.' One who walks 
 on his heels. 
 
 CALCII CHLORIDUM. Calcis murias — c. 
 Chloruretum, Calcis murias — c. Oxychloruretum, 
 Calcis ehloridum — c. Oxydum, Calx viva — c. 
 Protochloruretum, Calcis ehloridum — c. Sulphu- 
 retum, Calcis sulphuretum. 
 
 CALCINA'TION, Calcina'tio, CalcVnon, Con- 
 crema'tio, from calx, 'lime.' The act of submit- 
 ting to a strong heat any infusible mineral sub- 
 stance, which we are desirous of depriving either 
 of its water, or of any other volatilizable sub- 
 stance that enters into its composition ; or which 
 ■we wish to combine with oxygen. Alum is cal- 
 cined to get rid of its water of crystallization ; — 
 chalk, to reduce it to the state of pure lime, by 
 driving off the carbonic acid ; Ami. certain metals 
 are subjected to this operation to oxidize them. 
 
 CALCINATUM MAJUS POTERII, Hydrar- 
 gyrum prfficipitatum. 
 
 CALCINONIA, Calcena. 
 
 CALCIS BICHLORURETUM, Calcis ehlori- 
 dum — c. Carbonas, Creta — c. Carbonas durus, 
 Greta, Marmor — c. Carbonas friabilis, Creta. 
 
 Caicis Car'bonas Pr^cipita'tus, Precip'- 
 itated Car'bonate of Lime, Precipitated Chalk. 
 This preparation, introduced into the last edition 
 of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, is pre- 
 pared as follows: Liq. Caleii Chlorid. Ovss; SodcB 
 6'ar/j';)ir/^ tbvj ; Aqum destillat. q. s. Dissolve the 
 carbonate of soda in six parts of distilled water; 
 heat this and the solution of chloride of calcium, 
 separately, to the boiling point, and mix. Wash 
 the precipitate repeatedly with distilled water, 
 and dry on bibulous paper. It has the same pro- 
 perties as creta praeparata, and is preferred to it 
 in certain cases, — for example, as an ingredient in 
 tooth powders, owing to its freedom from gritty 
 particles. 
 
 Calcis Chlc'ridum, Chlo'ride or Chlo'ruret or 
 Hypochlo'rite or Chlorite or Oxymu'riateof Lime, 
 Calx chlorina'ta (Ph. U. S.) seu Oxymuriat' ica, 
 Protoxichlor' uret of Calcium, Calea'ria chlora'ta 
 seu Chlorica, Chloru^n seu Chloretum Calca'rim, 
 Oxychlorure'tum seu Protochlorure'tum Caleii, 
 Ghlorure'tum Oxidi Caleii, Bichlorure' turn seu 
 Oxymu'rias Calcis, Calcis Hypochlo' ris. Bleach- 
 ing or Tennant's Powder, (F.) Protoxichlorure 
 de Calcium, Chlorure d' Oxide de Calcium, 
 Chlorure ou Oxichlorure ou Bichlorure ou Oxi- 
 muriate ou Muriate suroxigene ou oxigh>& de 
 Chaux, Poudre de Blanchement, P. de Tennant. 
 A compound resulting from the action of chlorine 
 on hydrate of lime. Chloride of lime is a most 
 valuable disinfecting agent, (see Disinfection,) 
 when dissolved in the proportion of one pound to 
 SIX gallons of water. It has likewise been em- 
 ployed both internally and externally in various 
 diseases, as in scrofula, foetor oris, foul ulcers. 
 
 Calcis Hepae, Calcis sulphuretum — c. Hy- 
 dras, see Calx — c. Hypoehloris, Calcis ehloridum. 
 
 Calcis Mv'bias, Muriate of Lime, Calx sali'ta, 
 Caleii Chlorure'tum seu Chlo'ridum, Chloride of 
 calcium, (F.) Chlorure de calcium. Muriate ou 
 Hydrochlorate de Chaux. This salt has been 
 given, in solution, as a tonic, stimulant, &c., in 
 scrofulous tumours, glandular obstructions, gene- 
 ral debility, <fec. A Solu'tio 3Iuria'tis Calcis, 
 Liquor Calcis Muria'tis, Solution of Muriate of 
 Lime, Liquid Shell, may be formed of Min-iafe 
 of Lime, ^} ; dissolved in distilled water, f^iij. 
 The Liquor Cal'cii Chlo'riki or Solution of Chlo- 
 ride of Calcium, of the Pharmacopoeia of the 
 United States, is prepared as follows :• — Blarhle, 
 in fragments, "^xx. Muriatic acid, Oj ; Distilled 
 water, a sufficient quantity. Mix the acid vi-ith 
 a half pint of the water, and gradually add the 
 marble. Towards the close of the effervescence 
 apply a gentle heat, and, when the action has 
 ceased, pour off the clear liquor and evaporate to 
 drj'ness. Dissolve the residuum in its weight and 
 a half of distilled water, and filter. Dose, from 
 gtt. XXX to f ^j, in a cupful of water. 
 
 Calcis Oxymurias, Calcis ehloridum — c. 
 Phosphas, see Cornu cervi — e. Phosphas praeci- 
 pitatum, see Cornu ustum. 
 
 Calcis Sulphure'tuji, Cal'cii sulphure'tum, 
 Hepar Calcis, Sul'phuret of Lime, S. of Cal'cium, 
 Hi/drosulphate of Lime, (F.) Proto-hydrosulfate 
 de Calcium, Hydrosulfate de chaux. Principally 
 used in solution, as a bath, in itch and other 
 cutaneous affections. 
 
 CALCITEA, Ferri sulphas, 
 
 CALCITEOSA, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum. 
 
 CALCITHOS, Cupri subacetas. 
 
 CALCITRAPA, Centaurea Calcitrapa, Del- 
 phinium consolida — e. Hippophasstum, Centau- 
 rea calcitrapa — c. Stellata, Centaurea calcitrapa, 
 
 CALCIUM, CHLORIDE OF, Calcis murias— 
 c. Chlorure de, Calcis murias — c. Chlorure d'oxide 
 de, Calcis ehloridum — c. Protohydrosnlfate de, 
 Calcis sulphuretum — c. Protoxichlorure de, Cal- 
 cis ehloridum — e. Protoxichloruret of, Calcis 
 ehloridum — c. Protoxide of. Calx — c. Sulphuret 
 of, Calcis sulphuretum. 
 
 CALCO-SUBPHALANGEUS MINIMI DI- 
 GITI, Abductor minimi digiti pedis — c. Subpha- 
 langeus polHcis, Abductor pollicis pedis. 
 
 CALCOCOS, Bell-metaL 
 
 CALCOIDEA, (ossicula,) Cuneiform bones. 
 
 CALCOTAR, Ferri sulphas. 
 
 CALCUL, Calculus. 
 
 CALCULEUX, Calculous. 
 
 CALCULI, see Calculus — e. Articular, see 
 Calculi, arthritic ; and Concretions, articular. 
 
 Calculi, Alternating, see Calculi, urinary. 
 
 Calculi, Arthrit'ic, Tophi, Tuher'cula ar- 
 thrit'ica, Calculi arthrit'ici seu podag'rici, 
 Chalk-stones, Gout-stones, Modes, (F. ) Pierres 
 crayeuses, Calculs arthritiques, Nceuds. Concre- 
 tions, which form in the ligaments, and within 
 the capsules of the joints, in persons affected with 
 gout. They are composed of uric acid, soda, and 
 a little animal matter: very rarely, urate of lime 
 and chloride of sodium are met with. Similar 
 calculi are found in other parts beside the joints. 
 
 Cal'culi, Bil'iary, Cal'culi bilio'si sen fell' ei 
 seu bilia'rii, Bil'iary Concre'tions, Gall-stones, 
 Cholol'ithus, Cholel'ithus, (F.) Cdleuls biliaires, 
 Pierres au fiel, AngieholoUthe, — Piorry. Some 
 of these contain all the materials of the bile, and 
 seem to be nothing more than that secretiou 
 thickened. Several contain Picromel ; and the 
 gseater part are composed of from SS to 94 parts 
 of Cholesterin, and of from 6 to 12 of the yellow 
 matter of the bile. Biliary calculi are most fre- 
 quently found in the gall-bladder : at other times. 
 
CALCULI 
 
 155 
 
 CALCULI 
 
 in the substance of the liver, in the hranches of 
 the Ductus hepaticus, or in the Ductus Communis 
 Choledochua. The first are called Ci)''tic; the 
 second Hepatic ; and the last, sometime?, Hepa- 
 tocystic. The causes which give rise to them are 
 very obscure. Often they occasion no uneasi- 
 ness, and at other times the symptoms may be 
 confounded with those of hepatitis. At times. 
 They are rejected by the mouth, or by the bowels, 
 along with a considerable quantity of bile, which 
 had accumulated behind them ; at other times 
 they occasion violent abdominal inflammation, 
 abscesses, and biliary fistulee, rupture of the gall- 
 bladder, and fatal effusion into the peritoneum. 
 The passage of a gall-stone is extremely painful ; 
 yet the pulse is not at first affected. Antjphlo- 
 gisties, when there is inflammatory action- and 
 strong doses of opium, to allay the pain and 
 spasm, with the warm bath, are the chief reme- 
 dies. Solvents are not to be depended upon. 
 They cannot reach the calculi. 
 
 Calculi, Bone Earth, see Calculi, urinary — 
 c. Compound, see Calculi, urinary — c. Cystic, see 
 Calculi, urinary. 
 
 Cal'culi of the Ears, (F.) Calcuh de V Oreille. 
 Hard, light, and inflammable concretions, which 
 occur in the meatus auditorins externus, and are 
 merely indurated cerumen. They are a frequent 
 cause of deafness. They can be easily seen, and 
 may be extracted by appropriate forceps, after 
 having been detached by injections of soap and 
 water. 
 
 Calculi Fellei, Calculi, biliary — c. Fusible, 
 see Calculi, urinary. 
 
 Cal'culi, Lach'rymal, (F.) Calcuh lacry- 
 maux. Concretions sometimes, but rarely, form 
 in the lachrymal passages, where they occasion 
 abscesses and fistulse, which do not heal until 
 they are extracted. No analysis has been made 
 of them. 
 
 Calculi, Lithic, see Calculi, urinary. 
 
 Cal'culi op the Mamm^, (F. ) Calcuh des 
 Mamelles. Haller gives a case of a concretion, 
 of a yellowish-white colour, which had the shape 
 of one of the excretory ducts of the mammary 
 gland, having been extracted from an abscess 
 seated in that organ. 
 
 Calculi, Mulberry, see Calculi, urinary. 
 
 Cal'culi op the Pan'creas, (F.) Calcids du 
 Pancreas. These are but little known. Ana- 
 logy has induced a belief that they resemble 
 the salivary. Some have supposed that certain 
 transparent calculi, rejected by vomiting, or 
 passed in the evacuations, have proceeded from 
 the pancreas, but there seems to be no reason for 
 this belief. 
 
 Cal'culi of the Pine'al Gland, (F.) Calcuh 
 de la. Claude Pineale. These have been fre- 
 quently met with. No symptom announces their 
 presence during life. They are composed of 
 phosphate of lime. 
 
 Calculi Podagrici, Calculi, arthritic. 
 
 Cal'culi of the Prostate, Prostat'ic cal'culi. 
 These are not very rare. They have generally 
 the same composition as the preceding. They 
 usually present the symptoms common to every 
 tumefaction of the prostate, and sometimes those 
 of calculi in the bladder. 
 
 Cal'culi Pul'monarv, (F.) Calcuh pnhno- 
 vaires. These concretions are very frequently 
 met with in the dead body, without seeming to 
 have produced unpleasant symptoms during life. 
 At other times, they are accompanied with all 
 the symptoms of phthisis, Litho-phtkisis, Phthisic 
 ealculeuse. of Bayle. See Lithiasis pulmonum. 
 At times they are expectorated without the 
 supervention of any unpleasant symptom. They 
 
 are usually formed of carbonate of lime and ani- 
 mal matter. 
 
 Cal'culi, Sai/ivary, Cal'culi saliva'les, Sia^ 
 lol'ithi, (F.) Calcuh salivaires. Concretions, 
 usually formed of phosphate of lime and animal 
 matter, which are developed in the substance of 
 the salivary glands or in their excretory ducts. 
 In the first case, they may be mistaken for a 
 simple swelling of the gland ; in the second, the.y 
 may generally be detected by the touch. They 
 may be extracted by incision in the interior of 
 the mouth. The calculus developed in the sub- 
 lingual ducts has been called Cal'culus sublin- 
 gua'lis and Ran'ula lajyide'a. 
 
 Cal'culi, Sperjiat'ic, (F.) Calcuh sperma- 
 tiques. These have been sometimes found in the 
 vesiculse seminales after death. They cannot be 
 detected during life. No analysis has been made 
 of them. 
 
 Cal'culi of the Stomach and Intes'tines, 
 Enferol'ifhus, E. Cal'culus, Coprol'ithus, Concre- 
 tio'iies alvi'ncB, (F.) Calcuh de I'estomac, C. in- 
 testinaujc ou stercoraux, Pierres stercorales. Con- 
 cretions intesiinales. Calculi of the stomach are 
 rare, and have almost always been carried thither 
 by the antiperistaltic action of the intestines. The 
 symptoms occasioned by them are those of chronic 
 gastritis. It has been imagined that the con- 
 tinued use of absorbent powders, as magnesia, 
 will give occasion to them. 
 
 Intestinal concretions, (F.) Calcuh intestinaux, 
 are not uncommon in animals (see Bezoard :) 
 but they are rare in man. The causes which 
 give rise to them are little known : sometimes a 
 biliary calculus affords them a nucleus. Their 
 composition varies. They are light, hard, very 
 fetid, and not inflammable. They are formed, 
 ordinarily, between the valvulce of the small in- 
 testines, or in the cells of the large, and some- 
 times in old herniae. Whilst they do not ob- 
 struct the passage of the alimentary mass, they 
 produce no unpleasant symptoms. At times, the 
 movable tumour which they form may be felt 
 through the parietes of the abdomen. They aro 
 generally evacuated per anum. 
 
 Cal'culi of the Tonsils. Calculous concre- 
 tions, which sometimes form in the tonsils. (F.) 
 Calcuh des Ami/gdales. They are easily recog- 
 nised by the sight and touch : sometimes they 
 are discharged by spitting, either alone or with 
 the pus of an abscess occasioned by their pre- 
 sence. They have not been analyzed. 
 
 Calculi, Triple, see Calculi, urinary — c. 
 Uric, see Calculi, urinary. 
 
 Cal'culi, U'rinary, Urol'ithi, (F.) Calcuh 
 urinaires, Pierres urinaires. Concretions which 
 form from the crystallizable substances in the 
 urine, and which are met with not only in the 
 whole course of the urinary passages, but in fis- 
 tulous openings wherever the urine stagnates 
 naturally or accidentally. Their causes are but 
 little known. They are more common at the two 
 extremities of life than at the middle, and more 
 so in some countries and districts than in others. 
 At times, a clot of blood, a portion of mucus, 
 Ac, form the nucleus. The symptoms and treat- 
 ment vary according to the seat of the calculus. 
 There is no such thing probably as a medical 
 solvent. See Urinary Calculi. 
 
 Chymists have demonstrated the exist- 
 ence of several components of urinary calculi, 
 viz., Lithic Acid, Phosphate of Lime, Ammo- 
 niaco-31agnesian Phosphate, Oxalate of Lime, 
 Cystic Oxide, and Xantliic Oxide, with an 
 animal cementing ingredient. The. varieties of 
 calculi, produced by the combination or inter- 
 mixture of these ingredients, are thus represented 
 by Dr. Paris. 
 
CALCULIFRAGUS 
 
 156 
 
 CALCULS BILl AIRES 
 
 A TABULAR VIEW OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF URINARY CALCULI. 
 
 SPECIES OF CAL- 
 CULI. 
 
 EXTERNAL CHARACTERS. 
 
 CHYMICAL COMPOSITION. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 1. LiTHic or 
 
 tRIC. 
 
 Form, a flattened oval. S. G. 
 generally exceeds 1,500. Colour, 
 brownish or fawn-like. Surface, 
 smooth. Texture, laminated. 
 
 It consists principally of Litliic 
 Jicid. When treated with nitric 
 acid, a beautiful pink substance 
 results. This calculus is slightly 
 soluble in water, abundantly so 
 in the pure alkalies. 
 
 It is the prevailing 
 species ; but the surface 
 sometimes occurs fine 
 ly tuberculated. It fre- 
 quently constitutes the 
 nuclei of the other spe- 
 cies. 
 
 2. MULEERET, 
 
 (J^.) Calculs 
 muraux. 
 
 Colour, dark brown. Texture, 
 harder than that of the other 
 species. S. G. from 1.428 to 1.976. 
 Surface, studded with tubercles. 
 
 It IS oxalate of lime, and is de- 
 composed in the flame of a spirit 
 lamp swelling out into a white 
 efflorescence, which is quick- 
 lime. 
 
 'I'his species includes 
 some varieties, which 
 are remarkably smooth 
 and pale-coloured, re- 
 sembling hempseed. 
 
 3. BONE EARTH 
 
 Colour, pale brown or gray ; 
 surface, smooth and polished ; 
 structure, regularly laminated; 
 the laminee easily separating 
 into concrete crusts. 
 
 Principally -phosphate of lime. 
 It is soluble in muriatic acid. 
 
 
 4. TRIPLE. 
 
 Colour, generally brilliant 
 white. Surface, uneven, studded 
 with shining crystals, less com- 
 pact than the preceding species. 
 Between its laminaj small cells 
 occur, filled with sparkling par- 
 ticles. 
 
 It is an ummoniaco-magnesian 
 phosphate, generally mixed with 
 phosphate of lime. Pure alka- 
 lies decompose ii, extracting its 
 ammonia. 
 
 This species attains a 
 larger size than any of 
 the others. 
 
 5. FUSIBLE. 
 
 Colour, grayish white. 
 
 A compound of the two fore- 
 going species. 
 
 It is very fusible, 
 melting into a vitreousj 
 
 globule. 
 
 6. CYSTIC. 
 
 Very like the triple calculus, 
 but it is unsiratified and more 
 co(npact and homogenous. 
 
 It consists of c?/s(!c oxic/c. Un- 
 der the blowpipe it yields a pe- 
 culiarly fetid odour. It is solu- 
 ble in acids, and in alkalies, 
 even if they are fully saturated 
 with carbonic acid. 
 
 It is a rare species. 
 
 7. ALTERNA- 
 TING. 
 
 Its section exhibits different 
 concentric laminas. 
 
 Compounded of several spe- 
 cies, alternating with each other. 
 
 
 8. COMPOUND. 
 
 No characteristic form. 
 
 The ingredients are separable 
 only by chymical analysis. 
 
 
 1. Renal Calculi, (F.) Calculs renaux. These 
 have almost always a very irregular shape : 
 at times, there is no indication of their pre- 
 sence : at others, they occasion attacks of pain 
 in the kidneys, sometimes accompanied with 
 bloody or turbid urine. Often, they cause in- 
 flammation of the kidneys, with all its unplea- 
 sant results. They are generally formed of uric 
 acid, animal matter, and oxalate of lime, with, 
 sometimes, phosphates. The treatment will have 
 to vary, according to the absence or presence of 
 inflammatory signs, — relieving the irritation by 
 opiates. A surgical operation can rarely be ap- 
 plicable. 
 
 2. Calculi of the Ureters, (F.) Calcnls des 
 UrSteres. These come from the kidneys, and do 
 not produce unpleasant eifeets, unless they are 
 so large as to obstruct the course of the urine, 
 and to occasion distension of the whole of the 
 ureters above them ; or unless their surface is so 
 rough as to irritate the mucous membrane, and 
 occasion pain, hemorrhage, abscesses, &c. The 
 pain, during the passage, is very violent, extend- 
 ing, at times, to the testicle of the same side 
 in the male: and occasioning a numbness of the 
 thigh in both sexes. The treatment consists in 
 general or local blood-letting, warm bath, and 
 opiates. 
 
 ii. Calculi, Vesical; Stone in the Bladder, 
 Lith'ia Vesica'lis, Lithi'asis cys'tica seu vesica'lis, 
 Cysto-lithi'asis, Dysu'ria calculo'sa. seu irrita'ta, 
 Cal'culus vesi'ccB, (F.) Calculs vesicaux. These 
 are the most common. Sometimes, they proceed 
 from the kidneys: most commonly, they are 
 formed in the bladder itself. Sense of weight in 
 the perinaeum, and sometimes of a body rolling 
 when the pa.tient changes his position; pain or 
 itching at the extremity of the glans in men ; 
 frequent desire to pass the urine; sudden stop- 
 page to its flow ; and bloody urine — are the chief 
 
 signs which induce a suspicion of their existence. 
 We cannot, however, be certain of this without 
 sounding the patient. Sometimes, when of a 
 small size, they are expelled: most commonly, 
 they remain in the bladder, the disorganization 
 of which they occasion, unless removed by a sur- 
 gical operation. 
 
 4. Calcxili, Ure'thral. These almost always pro-- 
 ceed from the bladder. The obstruction, which 
 they cause to the passage of the urine, the hard 
 tumour, and the noise occasioned when struck 
 by a sound, indicate their presence. They are 
 removed by incision. 
 
 6. Calculi of Fis'tidous passages. These arise 
 when there is some fistulous opening into the 
 urethra. They can be readily recognised, and 
 may generally be extracted with facility. (F.) 
 Calculs places hors des voies urinaires. See Uri- 
 nary Calculi. 
 
 Cal'culi of the U'terus, (F.) Calculs de 
 V Uterus. These are very rare. The signs, which 
 indicate them during life, are those of chronic 
 engorgement of the uterus. Their existence, con- 
 sequently, cannot be proved till after death. 
 
 CALCULIFRAGUS, Lithontriptie. 
 
 C A L ' C U L U S, (F. ) Calculeux, Graveleux. 
 That which relates to calculi, especially to those 
 of the bladder. 
 
 Calculous Oxyd, Oxyd, cystic. 
 
 CALCULS (F.), pi. of Calcul, a calculus. 
 
 CALCULS BILL AIRES, Calculi, biliary — 
 c. de I'Estomac, Calculi of the stomach — c. de la 
 Glande PinSale, Calculi of the pineal gland — c. 
 Intestiuaux, Calculi of the stomach and intestines 
 — c. Lacrymaux, Calculi, lachrymal — c. des Ma- 
 melles, Calculi of the mammaa — c. Ifuraux, see 
 Calculi, urinary — c. de l' Oreille, Calculi in the 
 ears — c. du Pancreas, Calculi of the Pancreas — ■ 
 c. Places hors des voies urinaires. Calculi of fis- 
 tulous passages — c. Pttlmonaires, Calculi, pulmo- 
 
CALCULUS 
 
 157 
 
 CALLIBLEPHARUM 
 
 nary — c. Renaux, Calculi, renal — c. Salivaires, 
 Calculi, salivary — c. Spermatiques, Calculi, sper- 
 matic — e. Stercoraux, see Calculi of the stomach 
 and intestines — c. Urinaires, Calculi, urinary — c. 
 des Ureteres, Calculi of the ureters — c. de I' Ute- 
 rus, Calculi of the uterus — c. Vesicaux, Calculi, 
 vesical. 
 
 CAL'CULUS, Lapis, LitJios. A diminutive 
 of ealx, a lime-stone. (F.) Calcxd, Pierre. 
 Calculi are concretions, which may form in every 
 part of the animal body, but are most frequently 
 found in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in 
 the excretory canals. They are met with in the 
 tonsils, joints, biliary ducts, digestive passages, 
 lachrymal ducts, mammae, pancreas, pineal gland, 
 prostate, lungs, salivary, spermatic and urinary 
 passages, and in the uterus. The causes which 
 give rise to them are obscure. 
 
 Those that occur in reservoirs or ducts are 
 supposed to be owing to the deposition of the 
 substances, which compose them, from the fluid 
 as it passes along the duct; and those which 
 occur in the substance of an organ are regarded 
 as the product of some chronic irritation. Their 
 general effect is to irritate, as extraneous bodies, 
 the parts with which they are in contact; and to 
 ])rodiice retention of the fluid, whence they have 
 been formed. The symptoms differ, according to 
 the sensibility of the organ and the importance 
 of the particular secretion whose discharge they 
 impede. Their solution is generally impracti- 
 cable : spontaneous expulsion or extraction is the 
 only way of getting rid of them. 
 
 Calculus Bezoar, Bczoard — e. Dentalis, 
 Odontolithus — c. Encysted, Calcul cliatonne — c. 
 Sublingualis, see Calculi, salivary — c. Vesicee, 
 Calculus, vesical. 
 
 CALDAS, WATERS OF. Caldas is a small 
 town, ten leagues from Lisbon, where are mineral 
 springs, containing carbonic and hydrosulpburic 
 acid gases, carbonates and muriates of lime and 
 magnesia, sulphates of soda and lime, sulphuret 
 of iron, silica, and alumina. They are much 
 used in atonic gout. They are thermal. Tem- 
 perature 93° Fahrenheit. 
 
 - CALDE'RI^E ITAL'ICiB, Warm baths in 
 the neighbourhood of Ferrara, in Italy, much 
 employed in dj'suria. 
 
 CALEBASSES, Cucurbita lagenaria. 
 
 CALEDO'NIA SPRINGS. These are in Penn- 
 sylvania, fifteen miles from Chambersburg. The 
 waters are pure ; temperature 52° Fahr. 
 
 Caledonia Springs, see Canada, mineral 
 Waters of. 
 
 CALEFA'CIENTS, Cahfacien'tia, Therman'- 
 fica, from ealidits, 'warm,' and facia, 'I make.' 
 (F.) Echaiiffants. Substances which excite a de- 
 gree of warmth in the part to which they are 
 applied, as mustard, pepper, &c. They belong 
 to the class of stimulants. 
 
 CALEFACTIO, Echauffement. 
 
 CALENDULA ALPINA, Arnica monta-na. 
 
 Calen'dula Arten'sis, Caltha Arven'sis seu 
 officiua'ils, Wild Mar'igold, (F.) Souci des 
 Champs. Order, Compositae. This is, some- 
 times, preferred to the next. Its juice has been 
 given, in the dose of from f^j to f^iv, in jaun- 
 dice and cachexia. 
 
 Calen'dula Officina'lis, C. Sati'vn, Chry- 
 san'themuvi, Sponsa solis, Caltha vidga'ria ; Ver- 
 ruca' ria, Single or Garden Mar'igold, (Prov.) 
 Goldiitg, (F.) Souci, S. ordinaire, Fleur de tous 
 lea mois. Family, Synantherese, Syngenesia ne- 
 eessaria, Linn. So called from flowering every 
 calend. The flowers and leaves have been exhi- 
 bited as aperients, diaphoretics, &c., and have 
 been highly extolled in cancer. 
 
 CALENDULiE MARTIALES, Ferrum am- 
 moniatum. 
 
 CALENTU'RA, Cal'enture, from calere, 'to be 
 warm.' The word, in Spanish, signifies fever. A 
 species of furious delirium to which sailors are 
 subject in the torrid zone : — a kind of phrenitis, 
 the attack of which comes on suddenly after a 
 broiling daj', and seems to be characterized by a 
 desire in the patient to throw himself into the 
 sea. It is only a variety of phrenitis. 
 
 Calentura Continua, Synocha. 
 
 CALENTU'RAS; Palo de Cahntu'ras. Pomet 
 and Lemery say, that these words are sometimes 
 applied to cinchona. Camelli says, they mean, 
 also, a tree of the Philippine Isles, the wood of 
 which is bitter and febrifuge. 
 
 CALF KNEE, Entogonyancon— c. of the Leg, 
 Sura. 
 
 CALICE, Calix. 
 
 CALICES RENALES, see Calix. 
 
 CALICO BUSH, Kalmia latifolia. 
 
 CALIDARIUM, see Stove. 
 
 CALIDUM ANIMALE, Animal heat — c. In- 
 natum, Animal heat. 
 
 CALIFOR'NIA, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Several mineral springs exist in California, near 
 40° N. Lat. and 40i° longitude west of Wash- 
 ington, directly upon the California trail, leading 
 from the sink of Humboldt river to Pyramid 
 lake. Their temperature varies from cold to 
 almost boiling. They ebb and flow at irregular 
 intervals; have not been analyzed; but some 
 have the taste of a strong solution of sulphate of 
 magnesia. They have had the singular eflect of 
 inducing blcnnorrhoeal symptoms, both in man 
 and animals. 
 
 CALIGATIO, Dazzling. 
 
 CALI'GO. 'A mist.' Achhjs, (F.) Brouillard. 
 An obscurity of vision, dependent upon a speck 
 on the cornea: also, the speck itself; Call-go cor'- 
 necB seu d Kephel'io seu a Leuco'mate, Mac'ida 
 cornece seu semipiellu'cida, Phtharma cab'go, He- 
 betu'do vis'iis, Neh'ula, Opake cornea, Wcb-eye, 
 M''eb, Piu-and-Web, (F.) Nonage de la Cornee, 
 Taie ou Taye, Obscurcissement de la vue, Akeru- 
 todiaj)han ie,- — -Piorry. 
 
 Caligo Lentis, Cataract — c. Pupillee, Syne- 
 zisis — c. Synizesis, Synezisis — c. Tenebrarum, 
 Hemeralopia. 
 
 CALIHACHA CANELLA, Laurus cassia. 
 
 CALISAYA BARK, Cinchonse cordifolise cor- 
 tex. 
 
 CALISTHEN'ICS, Callisfhen'ics, Calistheni'a, 
 Calli8theni'a,(F.) Calliathenie, from ku\os, 'beau- 
 tiful, and o-^Ei/oj, 'strength.' The art of promoting, 
 by appropriate exercises, strength of body, and 
 grace of movements. 
 
 CALIX, Calyx, Infundib'ulum, from (caAuf, 'a 
 cup,' 'a flower cup.' (F.) Calice, Entonnoir. 
 Anatomists have given this name to small cup- 
 like membranous canals, which surround the 
 papillffi of the kidney, and open into its pelvis, 
 whither they convey the urine : — Cal'ices rena'le-i, 
 Cylind'ri membrana'cei Renum, Fis'tulm iire'te- 
 rum renum, Canales membra'nei Renum, Tn'buli 
 pelvis renum. Their number varies from 6 to 12 
 in each kidney. 
 
 Calix Vomitoria, Goblet, emetic. 
 
 CALLA PALUS'TRIS, Water Arum; indige- 
 nous. Ord. Araeeas : has similar virtues to those 
 of the Arums. 
 
 Calla Vihgimca, Peltandra Virgiuica. 
 
 CALLEUX, Callous. 
 
 CALLIBLEPH'ARUM, from KaX\og, 'beauty,' 
 and (i\e(papov, 'eyelid.' A remedy for beautity- 
 ing the eyelids. 
 
CALLICANTHUS 
 
 158 
 
 CALUMBA 
 
 CALLICANTHUS, Calycanthug. 
 CALLICAR'PA AMERICA'NA, French 3Iul'- 
 lerry ; indigenous. Order, Verbenaceffi. Used 
 as a eutrophic in cutaneous diseases. Said to be 
 useful in dropsy. 
 
 CALLICOCCA IPECACUANHA, Ipecacu- 
 anha. 
 
 CALLICREAS, Pancreas. 
 CALLIOMARCHUS, Tussilago. 
 CALLIP^'DIA, from icaXXo?, 'beauty,' and 
 n-ai?, Tradoi, 'a child.' The art of begetting beau- 
 tiful children. This was the title of a poem by 
 Claude Quillet, in 1655; "GalUpadia sive de pul- 
 chrcs prolis habendcB ratione." The author ab- 
 surdly supposes, that the beauty of children is 
 affected by the sensations which the mother ex- 
 periences during her pregnancy. 
 
 CALLIPERS OF BAUDELOCQUE, see Pel- 
 vimeter. 
 
 CALLIPESTRIA, Cosmetics. 
 CALLIPHYLLUM, Asplenium trichoma- 
 noides. 
 
 CALLIP'YGOS, from koWo?, 'beauty,' and 
 TTvyri. ' buttocks.' A cognomen of Venus, owing 
 to her beautiful nates. 
 
 CALLISTHENICS, Calisthenics. 
 CALLITRICHE AQUATICA, C. Yerna— c. 
 Heterophylla, C Verna — c. Intermedia, C. j 
 Verua. 
 
 Callit'riche Verna, (KaXog, 'beautiful,' and 
 ■Spil, Tfjix'ii, 'hair,' from its capillary and tufted 
 stems,) C. aquat'ica seu interme'dia seu Tietero- 
 phifl'la, Water chickweed, Water staricort : indi- 
 genous ; Order, Callitrichacese ; is diuretic, and 
 used in dropsy, in the form of tincture or of de- 
 coction. 
 
 CAL'LITRIS ECKLO'NL A South African 
 tree, Ord. Coniferse, from the branches and cones 
 of which a gum exudes, that resembles Gum 
 Sandarac- This is successfully used in the form 
 of fumigations in gout, rheumatism, oedematous 
 swellings, &c. 
 
 Callitris CuPRESSOiDES, a common shrub in 
 the neighbourhood of Cape Town, exudes a simi- 
 lar substance. 
 
 CALLOSITAS, Induration — c. Palpebrarum, 
 Scleriasis — c. Vesicae, Cystauxe. 
 
 CALLOS'ITY, Callos'itas, Scijron, Tyle, Tylux, 
 Tfjlo'ma, Tylo'sis, Bermatosclero'sis, JJermatoty- 
 lo'ma, Bermatutylo'sis, Bermatot'yius, Fonts, Ec- 
 ■pTiy'ma Callus. Hardness, induration, and thick- 
 ness of the skin, which assumes a horny consist- 
 ence in places where it is exposed to constant 
 pressure. (F.) Fiirillon. Also the induration, 
 which is observed in old wounds, old ulcers, fis- 
 tulous passages, &c. 
 
 CALLOUS, Callo'siis, OcJitJio'des, from callus, 
 'hardness.' (F.) Calleux. That which is hard 
 or indurated. A Callous Ulcer is one whose edges 
 are thick and indurated. 
 
 CALLUNA ERICA, Erica vulgaris — c. Vul- 
 garis, Erica vulgaris. 
 
 CALLUS, Calus, Callum, Osteot'ylus, (P.) Cal. 
 The bony matter, thrown out between the frac- 
 tured extremities of a bone, which acts as a ce- 
 ment, and as a new bony formation. The words 
 are, likewise, used occasionally in the same sense 
 as Callosity. 
 
 Callus, Provisional. When the shaft of a 
 long bone has been broken through, and the ex- 
 tremities haye been brought in exact juxtaposi- 
 tion, the now matter, first ossified, is that which 
 occupies the central portion of the deposit, and 
 thus connects the medullary cavities of the broken 
 ends, forming a kind of plug, which enters each. 
 This was termed by M. Dupuytren the provi- 
 sional Callus. 
 
 CALMANTS, Sedatives. 
 
 CALIIE, (F.) The interval that separates the 
 paroxysms of an acute or chronic disease. When 
 the type is intermittent, the word intermission is 
 used. 
 
 CALOMBA, Calumba. 
 
 CAL'OMEL, from Ka\os, 'good,' and /icXaj, 
 'black.' A term, formerly applied to ^thiops 
 mineral. By some, the mild chloride of mercury 
 is said to have been so called by Sir Theodore 
 Turquet de Mayerne, in consequence of its having 
 been prepared by a favourite black servant, or, 
 according to others, because it was a good remedy 
 for black bile. It is now applied to the mild 
 chloride of mercury only. See Hydrargyri sub- 
 murias. 
 
 CALOMEL STOOLS. A term applied to the 
 green, spinach-like, evacuations occasioned by 
 the internal use of the mild chloride of mercury. 
 CALOMEL'ANOS TURQUE'TI, Hydrargyri 
 submurias. A name, also, given by Riverius to 
 purgative pills, prepared with calomel, sulphur-5 
 and resin of jalap. — Dictionaries. 
 
 CALOMELAS, Hydrargyri submurias. 
 CALO'XIA, Ka\wvia. An epithet formerly 
 given to myrrh. — Hippocrates. See Myrrha. 
 
 CALOPHYLLUM IXOPHYLLUM, see Fa- 
 gara octandra. 
 
 CALOR, Heat — e. Animalis, Animal heat — 
 c. Nativus, Animal heat. 
 
 CALORICFTF, (F.) Caloric'Htas. The faculty 
 possessed by living bodies of generating a suffi- 
 cient quantity of caloric to enable them to resist 
 atmospheric cold, and to jireserve, at all times 
 and in every part, a temperature nearly equal. 
 See Animal Heat. 
 
 CALORIFA'CIENT, Calorif'iant, Calorifa'- 
 ciens, Caloriji'ans : frojn calor, 'heat,' a.ndfaeere, 
 'to make.' Having the power of producing heat. 
 Relating to the power of producing heat. 
 
 CALORIFICA'TION, Calorifica'tio, from ca- 
 lor, 'heat,' and fieri, 'to be made.' The function 
 of producing animal heat. 
 
 CALORINESES, from calor, 'heat.' The 
 name under which M. Baumes proposes to ar- 
 range all diseases characterized by a sensible 
 change in the quantity of animal heat. The Ca~ 
 lorineses form the first class of his Nosology. 
 
 CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA, Mudar— c. Mu-' 
 darii, Mudar. 
 
 CALO TTE, (F.) Pile'ohm. Anatomists some- 
 times give the name. Calotte aponevrotiqne, to 
 the aponeurosis of the oocipito-frontalis muscle, 
 which covers it externally ; and that of Calotte 
 du crane to the scull-cap. 
 
 Calotte is also applied to an adhesive plaster, 
 with which the head of a person labouring under 
 tinea capitis is sometimes covered, after the hair 
 has been shaved off. This plaster is pulled sud- 
 denly and violently off, in order to remove the 
 bulbs of the hair. It means, also, a sort of coif 
 made of boiled leather, worn by those who have 
 undergone the operation of trepanning, &c. 
 CALOTTE D' ASSURANCE, Condom. 
 CALTHA ALPINA, Arnica montana — e. Ar- 
 vensis, Calendula arvensis — c. Marsh, C. Palus- 
 tris — c. Officinalis, Calendula arvensis. 
 
 Caltha Palus'tris, Marsh Mar'igold, Marsh 
 Caltha, Cowslips. Order, Ranunculaceas : indi- 
 genous. A syrup prepared from it is a popular 
 cough remedy. 
 
 Caltha Vulgaris, Calendula officinalis. 
 CALTROPS, see Trapa natans. 
 CALUM'BA, Colom'ho, C'alom'ba, Colom'ha, 
 (Ph. U. S.); Columbo, Radix ColumbcB, (F.) Ca- 
 lumbe ou Colambe. The root of Menisper' mum 
 
CALUS 
 
 159 
 
 CAMPHENE 
 
 pfilma'fnm, Coc'culus palma'tns. Order, Meni- 
 spermacese : indigenous in Mozambique. Its 
 odour is slightly aromatic; taste unpleasantly 
 bitter. It is tonic and antiseptic. Dose, gr. 10 
 to 3J i" powder. 
 
 Calumba, American, Frase'ra Walteri seu 
 Curolinen'sis seu Officina'lis seu verticil' lata, 
 Swer'tia difform'is seu Frase'ra, American or 
 Ulariet'ta Golumho, Indian Lettuce, Yellow Gen- 
 tian, Golden Seal, 3Teadow pride, Pyr' amid. The 
 root Frase'ra (Ph. U. S.) is used in the same 
 cases as the true Calumba. 
 
 CALUS, Callus. 
 
 CALVA, Cranium. 
 
 Calva, Calva'ria. The cranium ; the upper 
 part especially ; the skull-cap; — the Vault of the 
 Cranium, Cam' era. 
 
 CALVARIA, Cranium. 
 
 CALVA'TA FERRAMEN'TA. Surgical in- 
 struments, which have a head or button. 
 
 CALVIT"IES, Calvit"ium, Phal'acra, Phala- 
 cro'sis, Glahrit"ies, Ophi'asis, Depila'tio C'ap'- 
 itis, Phalacro' via, 3fadaro'8is,Lipsotrich'ia, Bald- 
 ness, (Old Eng.) Ballednesse, Cal'vity, &a., from 
 calvus, 'bald,'(F.) Calvitie, Chauvete. Absence 
 of hair, particularly at the top of, and behind, 
 the head. 
 
 Calvit"ies Palpebra'eum is loss of the eye- 
 lashes. 
 
 CALVUS, Athrix. 
 
 CALX,' Lime, Ca'rium Terra, Protox'ide of 
 Cnl'cium, Calca'ria pura, (F.) Chaux. The lime, 
 employed in pharmacy, should be recently pre- 
 pared by calcination. When water is sprinkled 
 over caustic lime, we have slaked lime, hydrate 
 of lime, — the Calais Hydras of the London phar- 
 macopoeia. 
 
 Calx, see Calcaneum — c. Bismuthi, Bismuth, 
 subnitrate of — c. Chlorinata, Calcis chloridum — 
 c. Cum kali puro, Potassa cum calce — c. Salita, 
 Calcis murias — c. Oxymuriatica, Calcis chlo- 
 ridum. 
 
 Calx e Testis ; lime prepared from shells. 
 It has probably no medicinal advantages over 
 that prepared from marble. 
 
 Calx Viva, C. reeens seu usta, Calx et Calx 
 viva, Ox'idum Cal'cii, Fumans nix, Lime or 
 Quicklime, (F.) Chaux vive. The external ope- 
 ration of calx viva is escharotic, but it is rarely 
 used. Lime is a good disinfecting agent. It is 
 employed internally in the form of Liquor Calcis. 
 
 CALYCANTH'US, C.Flor'idus, Callican'thus, 
 [ ? ] Caroli'na Allspice, Sweet-scented shrub, Sweet 
 shrub, from calyx, 'a flower-oup,' and avdos, 'a 
 flower.' An indigenous plant; 0?-rfer, Calycan- 
 thaceae ; with purplish flowers, of strong, agree- 
 able odour, which appear from March to June. 
 The root is possessed of emetic properties. 
 
 CALYPTRANTHES CARYOPHYLLATA, 
 Myrtus earyophyllata. 
 
 CALYSTEGIA SEPIUM, Convolvulus sepium 
 — c. Soldanella, Convolvulus soldanella. 
 
 CALYX, Calls. 
 
 CAMARA, Calva. 
 
 CAMAREZ, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ca- 
 marez is a small canton near Sylvanes, in the 
 department of Aveyron, France, where there are 
 acidulous ehalybeates. 
 
 CAMARO'SIS, Camaro'ma, from Kafxapa, 'a 
 vault ,' Camera' tio, Testudina'tio Cra'nii. A spe- 
 cies of fracture of the skull — cam'erated frac- 
 ture — in which the fragments are placed so as to 
 form a vault, with its base resting on the dura 
 mater. — Galen, Paulus of ^gina. 
 
 CAMBIE-LEAF, Nymphsea alba et lutea. 
 CAMBING. A tree of the Molucca Islands, 
 from the bark of which a kind of gum-resin ex- 
 
 udes, which has been highly extolled in dysen- 
 tery. It appears to have some resemblance to 
 the simarouba — Rumphius. 
 
 CAMBIUM, 'Exchange.' A name formerly 
 given to a fancied nutritive juice, which waf 
 supposed to originate in the blood, to r-epair the 
 losses of every organ, and produce their increase. 
 — Sennertus. 
 
 CAMBO, MINERAL WATERS OF. A vil- 
 lage in the department of Basses Pyrenees, 
 France, where there are two mineral springs; 
 the one an acidulous chalybeate, the other sul- 
 phureous. Temperature, 62° to 69° Fahrenheit. 
 
 CAMBODIA, Cambogia. 
 
 CAMBO'GIA, from Cambodia, in the East In- 
 dies, where it is obtained. Hence, likewise, its 
 names Cambo'dia, Camho'gium, Garnbo'gia, Gam- 
 bo'giu7n,Gambu'gium,Gamboi'dia. It is called, also, 
 Gutta, Gutta. gamba seu GamandrcB,Gumnn Gutta, 
 Catagau'na, Cattagau'ma, Chry'sopus, Laxati'vus 
 Ind'icus, Gumini Bo'gia seu gaman'drce. seu de Goa 
 seu de Jemu seu ad Pod'agram, Cliitta jemoco, 
 Gamboge or Gamboge, (F.) Gomme Gutte. Ord. 
 Guttiferse. A yellow juice obtained from Hebra- 
 dendron Cambogioi'des, and other plants of the 
 natural family Guttiferse, but it is not known 
 from which of them the ofiicinal camboge is ob- 
 tained. It is inodorous, of an orange yellow 
 colour; opake and brittle; fracture, glassy; is a 
 drastic cathartic, emetic and anthelmintic; and 
 is used in visceral obstructions and dropsy, and 
 wherever powerful hydragogue cathartics are re- 
 quired. Dose from gr. ij to vi, in powder, united 
 with calomel, squill, &c. 
 
 Cambogia Gutta, Garcinia cambogia. 
 
 CAMBU'CA, Catnbuc'ca membra'tn. Buboes 
 and venereal ulcers, seated in the groin or neai 
 the genital organs. — Paracelsus. See Bubo. 
 
 CAMELEF, Cneorum tricoccum. 
 
 CAMERA, Chamber, Fornix, Vault — c. Cordis, 
 Pericardium — c. Oculi, Chamber of the eye. 
 
 CAMERATIO, Camarosis. 
 
 CAMFOROSMA, Camphorosma. 
 
 CAMINGA, Canella alba. 
 
 CAMISIA FCETITS, Chorion. 
 
 CAMISOLE, Waistcoat, strait. 
 
 CAMMARUS, Crab. 
 
 CA3W21ILLE FETIDE, Anthemis cotula— 
 c. Puante, Anthemis cotula — c. Romaine, Anthe- 
 mis nobilis — c. des Teinturiers, Anthemis tincte- 
 ria — c. Vulgaire, Matricaria chamomilla. 
 
 CAMOSIERS, WATERS OF. Camosiers is 
 a canton, two leagues from Marseilles, 'where are 
 two springs containing carbonate of lime, sul- 
 phur, chloride of sodium, &c. They are purga- 
 tive, and used in skin complaints. 
 
 CAMOTES, Convolvulus batatas. 
 
 CAMPAGXE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Campagne is in the department of Aude, France. 
 The waters contain sulphate and chlorohydrate 
 of magnesia. Temperature, 80° Fahrenheit. 
 
 CAMPAN'ULA. Diminutive of campana, a 
 bell. 
 
 Campanula Trache'lium, Canterbury Bell or 
 Throatwort, was formerly used, in decoction, in 
 relaxation of the fauces. It is, also, called Cer- 
 vica'ria. 
 
 CAMPE, Flexion. 
 
 CAMPHENE. The radical of camphor, which, 
 according to Dumas, consists of camphene and 
 one equivalent of oxygen. Camphene or cam- 
 phine is_ represented by pure oil of turpentine, 
 That which is used for burning in lamps, and is 
 occasionally employed therapeutically, is oil of 
 turpentine purified by distillation from a solution 
 of caustic potassa. 
 
CAMPHIRE 
 
 160 
 
 CANAL DE PETIT 
 
 CAMPHIRE, Camphor. 
 
 CAMPHOR, from Arab. Ca'phur or Xam'- 
 pliur, Cam'phora, Caphura, Caffa, Oaf, Cafur, 
 Caphora, Altafor, Camphire, (F.) Camphre. 
 A concrete substance, prepared, by distillation, 
 from Laui-us Gam' phora, Per'sea Cam'fora, Gam- 
 phoTa officinarum, an indigenous tree of the East 
 Indies. Order, Laurineas. Its odour is strong 
 and fragrant : it is volatile, not easily pulveriza- 
 ble ; texture crystalline. Soluble in alcohol, 
 ether, oils, vinegar, and slightly so in water. Its 
 properties are narcotic, diaphoretic, and sedative. 
 Dose, gr. v to ^j. Dissolved in oil or alcohol, it 
 is applied externally in rheumatic pains, bruises, 
 sprains, &c. 
 
 Camphor Water, Mistura Camphorse. 
 CAMPHORA'CEOUS, Gamphora'cens. Rela- 
 ting to or containing camphor; — as a ' camphor- 
 uceous smell or remedy.' 
 
 CAMPHORATA HIRSUTA, and C. MON- 
 SPELIBNSIUM, Camphorosma Monspeliaca. 
 
 CAMPH'ORATED, Gamphora'tus, (F.) Gam- 
 phre. Relating to camphor ; containing cam- 
 phor ; as a camphorated smell, a camphorated 
 draught. 
 
 CAMPHOROS'MA MONSPELIACA, C. Pe- 
 reii'nts, from Gamphor, and oafiri, 'odour.' Sela'go, 
 Gamphora'ta hirsu'ta seu 3fonspelien'sium, Hairy 
 Gamphoros'ma, (F.) Gamphree de Montpellier. 
 Order, Chenopodiaceee. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria 
 Monogynia. This plant, as its name imports, has 
 an odour of camphor. It is regarded as diuretic, 
 diaphoretic, cephalic, antispasmodic, &c. It is 
 also called GhamcBpen'ce and Stinking Ground 
 Pine. 
 
 Camphorosma Perennis, C. Monspeliaca. 
 GAMPHRE, Camphor. 
 GAMPHRE, Camphorated. 
 GAMPHREE DE MONTPELLIER, Cam- 
 phorosma Monspeliaca. 
 
 CAMPION, ROSE, Lychnis githago. 
 CAMPOMANE'SIA LINEATIFO'LIA. A 
 tree, twenty to thirty feet high, which grows in 
 Peru, and whose fruit — palillo — of a bright j'el- 
 low colour, and as large as a moderate-sized apple, 
 has an exceedingly agreeable scent, and is one 
 of the ingredients in making the perfumed water 
 called mistura. — Tschudi. 
 
 CAMPSIS, Flex'io, Gurva'tio, Inflex'io. Bone 
 or cartilage, forcibly bent from its proper shape, 
 without breaking. — Good. 
 
 Campsis Depressio, Depression. 
 CAMPYLOR'RIIACHIS; from Kaix-nv\oi, 
 ' crooked,' and pa'x^n, 'spine.' A monster whose 
 spine is crooked. — Gurlt. 
 
 CAMPYLORRHI'NUS; from Ka,ivv\oi, 
 'crooked,' and piv, 'nose.' A monster whose 
 nose is crooked. — Gurlt. 
 
 CAMPYLOTIS, Cataclasis, 
 CAMPYLUM, Cataclasis. 
 
 CAMUS, (F.) Simus, Resi'mus, Simo, Silo, Si- 
 his. One who has a short, stumpy nose. The 
 French speak of A^ez camus, 'short nose.' 
 
 CANADA BURNET, Sanguisorba cana- 
 densis. 
 
 CAN'ADA, MINERAL AYATERS OF. St. 
 Gatherine's, at the head of Lake Ontario, at the 
 entrance of the Welland Canal, 12 miles from 
 Niagara Falls, and on the Great Western Rail- 
 road, has a mineral spring, much frequented, 
 which Dr. Chilton, of New York, analyzed and 
 found to contain chlorides of calcium, magnesium, 
 sodium, and iron, sulphate of lime, carbonates of 
 lime and magnesia, bromide and iodide of mag- 
 ne.«ium, silica and alumina. 
 
 Tuscarora Acid Spring is in the township of 
 
 Tuscarora, about 20 mites north of Pass Dover. 
 It contains a large amount of free sulphuric acid : 
 beside sulphates of the alkalies, lime, magnesia, 
 alumina and iron. 
 
 Gharlotteville Sulphur Spring is a few miles 
 from Dover, on Lake Brie. It contains an un- 
 usual quantity of sulphuretted hydrogen. 
 
 The Galedonia Springs — a well known water- 
 ing place — are a few miles south of the Ottawa 
 river, and 40 miles from Montreal. There are 
 various sources ; one — the Gas Spring — discharg- 
 ing carburetted hydrogen ; a Saline and a Sul- 
 phur Spring; besides an Intermitting Spring, 
 which discharges large quantities of carburetted 
 hydrogen ; and in which iodine and bromine have 
 been detected. 
 
 CANAL, Gana'lis, Ductus, Mea'tus, Poros, 
 Och'etos, [F.) Gonduit. A channel for affording 
 passage to liquids, or solids, or to certain organs. 
 Canal, Alimen'tary, C. Diges'tive, Gana'lis 
 seu Ductus ciha'rius seu digesti'vus seu alimen- 
 ta'rius, Tubus alimenta'rius seu intestino'rum, 
 Diges'tive Tube, Aliment' ary Duct or Tube. The 
 canal extending from the mouth to the anus. 
 
 Canal, Arach'noid, Gana'lis Bichat'ii, Ganal 
 of Bichat. A canal, formed by the extension of 
 the arachnoid over the transverse and longitu.ll- 
 nal fissures of the brain, which surrounds the vena 
 magna Galeni. The orifice of the canal has 
 been termed the Foramen of Bichat. 
 
 GANAL ARTERIEL, Arterial duct— c. de 
 Bartholin, Ductus Bartholinus — c. of Bichat, 
 Canal, arachnoid — c. Bullular, of Petit, Godronns 
 canal — c. Gnrotidien, Carotid canal — e. Ghole- 
 doque, Choledoch duct — c. Ciliary, Cilinry canal 
 — c. of Cotunnius, Aqueeductus vestibuli — c. De- 
 ferent, Deferens vas — c. of Fontana, Ciliary canal 
 — c. Goudronne, Godronn& canal — c. Hcpatique, 
 Hepatic duct. 
 
 Canal of Huguier. A small canal at the 
 inner side of the fissure of Glaser, through which 
 the chorda tympani nerve leaves the cavity of 
 the tympanum. 
 
 Canal, Hy'alotd. A cylindrical passage, de- 
 scribed by M. J. Cioquet as formed by the reflec- 
 tion of the hyaloid membrane into the interior 
 of the vitreous body around the nutritious artery 
 of the lens. M. Cruveilhier has never been able 
 to see it. 
 
 Canal, Inci'sive, see Palatine canals — c. Infra- 
 orbitar, Suborbitar canal — c. Inflexe de I'os tem- 
 poral, Carotid canal — c. Intermediure des ventri- 
 cules, Aquajduotus Sylvii. 
 
 Canal, Intes'tinal, Gana'lis seu Ductus intes- 
 tina'lis. The portion of the digestive canal formed 
 by the intestines. 
 
 Canal of Jacobson, Canal, tympanic. 
 Canal, Med'ullary. The cylindrical cavity 
 in the body or shaft of a long bone, which con- 
 tains the marrow. 
 
 Canal, Nasal, Lachrymal canal. 
 Canal of Nctck. A cylindrical sheath formed 
 around the round ligaments of the uterus by a 
 prolongation of the peritoneum into the inguinal 
 canal. 
 
 GANAL DE PETIT, Godronne canal— c. 
 Pubno-aortique, Arterial duct — c. Rachidian, 
 Vertebral canal. 
 
 Canal op Schlemm. A minute circular canal, 
 discovered by Professor Schlemm, of Berlin. It 
 is situate at the point of union of the cornea and 
 sclerotica. 
 
 Canal, Spinal, Vertebral canal — c. Spiro'ide 
 de I'os temporal, Aquseductus Fallopii — e. de Ste- 
 i\on. Ductus salivalis superior — c. Thoracique, 
 Thoracic duct — c. Veineux, Canal, venous — c. 
 Vulvo-uterine, Vagina — c. de Warthon, Ductus 
 salivalis inferior. 
 
CANALES AERIFERI 
 
 161 
 
 CANCER 
 
 Canal, Tril'PANlC, Cana'lis tympan'icus, Canal 
 ofJa'cohson. A canal which opens on the lower 
 surface of the petrous portion of the temporal 
 bone, between the carotid canal and the groove 
 for the internal jugular veiTn. It contains Jacob- 
 son's nerve. 
 
 Canal, Vector, Tube, Fallopian. 
 Canal, Venous, Cana'lis seu Ductus veno'sits 
 seu D. V. Aran'tii, (F.) Canal veineux. A canal 
 which exists only in the foetus. It extends from 
 the bifurcation of the umbilical vein to the vena 
 cava inferior, into which it opens below the dia- 
 phragm. At times, it ends in one of the infra- 
 hepatic veins. It pours into the cava a part of 
 the blood, which passes from the placenta by the 
 umbilical vein. After birth, it becomes a fibro- 
 cellular cord. 
 Canal of Wirstjng, see Pancreas. 
 CANALES AERIFERI, see Bronchia. 
 CANA'LES BRESCHET'I. Canals in the 
 diploe for the passage of veins j so called after 
 M. Bresehet. 
 
 Canales Circulares, Semicircular canals — c. 
 Cochlese, Scalse of the cochlea — o. Lacrymales, 
 Lachrymal ducts — e. Membranei renum, see Calix 
 — c. Tubseformes, Semicircular canals. 
 CANALICULATED, Grooved. 
 CANALICULATUS, CanneU, Grooved. 
 CANALICULE, Grooved. 
 OANALIOULES CALCIFJERES, Canaliculi 
 calciferi. 
 
 CANALICULI, plural of Canaliculus— c. Bili- 
 feri, Fori biliarii — c. of Bone, see Lacunae of 
 Bone. 
 
 CANALICULI CALCIF'BRI, Calciferous 
 canals, (F.) Canalicules Caleiferes. Minute ca- 
 naliculi, observed with the microscope, in the 
 cartilages of bones, which are full of calcareous 
 salts. 
 
 CANALICULI HAVERSIANI, Canals, nu- 
 tritive — c. Lacrymales, Lachrymal ducts — c. 
 Limacum, Lachrymal ducts — c. Semicirculares, 
 Semicircular canals — c. Seminales, see Testicle 
 — c. Seminiferi, see Testicle — c. Vasculosi, Canals, 
 nutritive. 
 
 CANALICULUS, diminutive of canalis, 'a 
 channel.' A small channel. See Canaliculi. 
 
 CANALIS, Meatus — c. Alimentarius, Canal, 
 alimentary — c. Arteriosus, Arterial duct — c. 
 Bichatii, Canal, arachnoid — c. Canaliculatus, Gor- 
 get — c. Caroticus, Carotid canal — c. Cervicis, see 
 Uterus — c. Deferens, Deferens vas — c. Eminen- 
 tite quadrigeminse, Aqua;ductus Sylvii — c. Fallo- 
 pii, Aquseductus Fallopii — c. Intestinorum, Intes- 
 tinal tube — c. Lacrymalis, Lachr^'mal or nasal 
 duct — c. Medius, Aquaduetus Sylvii — c. Medullae 
 Spinalis, see Vertebral column — c. Nervous fistu- 
 losus renum, Ureter — c. Orbitas nasalis. Lachry- 
 mal or nasal duct — c. Scalarum communis, In- 
 fundibulum of the cochlea — c. Semieircularis ho- 
 rizontalis, see Semicircular Canals — c. Semieir- 
 cularis verticalis posterior, see Semicircular Ca- 
 nals — c. Semieircularis verticalis superior, see 
 Semicircular canals — c. Tympanicus, Canal, tym- 
 panic — c. Urinarius, Urethra — c. Vidianus, Pte- 
 rygoid canal. 
 
 CANALS OF HAVERS, Canals, nutritive — 
 c. Haversian, Canals, nutritive. 
 
 CaUals, Nutritive, Canals for the nutrition 
 (ff hones, Ductus nutrit"ii, Canalic'xili vasenlo'si 
 sen Haversia'ni, Haver'sian Canals, Canals of 
 Havers, (F.) Cananx nourriciers ou du Nutrition 
 des OS, Conduits nourriciers ou nutriciers. The 
 canals through which the vessels pass to the 
 bones. They are lined by a very fine lamina of 
 11 
 
 compact texture, or are formed in the texture 
 itself. There is, generally, one large nutritious 
 canal in a long bone, situate towards its middle. 
 
 CANAPACIA, Artemisia vulgaris. 
 
 CANARIES, CLIMATE OF. The climate 
 of the Canaries greatly resembles that of Ma- 
 deira. That of the latter, however, is more 
 equable, and the accommodation for invalids 
 much superior. 
 
 CANARIUM COMMUNE, see Amyris elemi- 
 fera. 
 
 CANARY-SEED, Phalaris Canariensis. 
 
 CANAUX AQUEUX, see Aqueous— c. Demi- 
 circulaires, Semicircular canals — c. Ejaculateurs, 
 Ejaculatory ducts — c. Nourriciers, Canals, nutri- 
 tive — c. de Nutrition des os. Canals, nutritive. 
 
 CANAUX DE TRANSMISSION. Accord- 
 ing to Bichat, the bony canals intended to give 
 passage to vessels and nerves going to parts more 
 or less distant — as the Cana'lis Carot'icus, &e. 
 
 CANAUX VEINEUX, Venous Canals. The 
 canals situate in the diploe, which convey venous 
 blood. 
 
 CAN'CAMUM. A mixture of several gums 
 and resins, exported from Africa, where it is used 
 to deterge wounds. Dioscorides calls, by the 
 name KayKafiov, the tears from an Arabian tree, 
 which are similar to myrrh, and of a disagree- 
 able taste. He advises it in numerous diseases. 
 This name is given, also, to the Anime. 
 
 CANCAMY, Anime. 
 
 CANCELLATED, Cancella'tns, (F.) Cancelle ; 
 from Canoelli, 'lattice-work.' Formed of can- 
 celli, as the 'cancellated structure of bone.' 
 
 CANCEL'LI, 'Lattice-work.' The Cellular 
 or Spongy Texture of Bones, (F.) TissH cellulenx; 
 consisting of numerous cells, communicating with 
 each other. They contain a fatty matter, analo- 
 gous to marrow. This texture is met with, prin- 
 cipally, at the extremities of long bones; and 
 some of the short bones consist almost wholly of 
 it. It allows of the expansion of the extremities 
 of bones, without adding to their weight, and 
 deadens concussions. 
 
 CANCEL'LUS, from cancer, 'a crab.' A spe- 
 cies of crayfish, called the Wrong Heir, and Ber- 
 nard the Hermit: which is said to cure rheuma- 
 tism, if rubbed on the part. 
 
 CANCER, 'a crab.' Car'cinos, Lupus cancro'- 
 sns. A disease, so called either on account of the 
 hideous appearance which the ulcerated cancer 
 presents, or on account of the great veins which 
 surround it, and which the ancients compared to 
 the claws of the crab : called also Garcino'ma. 
 It consists of a scirrhous, livid tumour, inter- 
 sected by firm, whitish, divergent bauds; and 
 occurs chiefly in the secernent glands. The 
 pains are acute and lancinating, and often extend 
 to other parts. The tumour, ultimately, termi- 
 nates in a fetid and ichorous ulcer, — Ulcus 
 cancro' sum. It is distinguished, according to its 
 stages, into occult. Cancer occul'tua, and open, C. 
 aper'tus; the former being the scirrhous, the 
 latter the ulcerated condition. At times, there is 
 a simple destruction or erosion of the organ, at 
 others, an encephaloid or cerebriform, and, at 
 others, again, a colloid degeneration. 
 
 For its production, it requires a peculiar dia- 
 thesis, or cachexia. The following table, from 
 Dr. AValshe, exhibits the characters of the three 
 species of carcinoma : 
 
 The use of irritants in cancerous afi'ections is 
 strongly to be deprecated. When the disease is 
 so situate that excision can be practised, and 
 the constitution does not exhibit great contami- 
 nation, the sooner it is removed the better. 
 
CANCER ALVEOLAIRE 
 
 162 
 
 CANCER DE GALIEN 
 
 Encephaloid. 
 
 Resembles lobulated cerebral 
 matter. 
 
 Is commonly opake from its ear- 
 liest formation. 
 
 Is of a dead white colour. 
 
 Contains a multitude of minute 
 vessels. 
 
 Is less hard and dense than scir- 
 rhus. 
 
 Is frequently found in the veins 
 issuing from the diseased mass. 
 
 The predominant microscopical 
 elements are globular, not always 
 distinctly cellular, and caudate cor- 
 puscula. 
 
 Occasionally attains an enor- 
 mous bulk. 
 
 Has been observed in almost 
 every tissue of the body. 
 
 Very commonly co-e.xists in se- 
 veral parts or organs of the same 
 subject. 
 
 Is remarkable for its occasional 
 vast rapidity of growth. 
 
 Is frequently the seat of intersti- 
 tial hemorrhage and deposition of 
 black or bistre-coloured matter. 
 
 When softened into a pulp, ap- 
 pears as a dead white or pink opake 
 matter of creamy consistence. 
 
 Subcutaneous tumours are slow 
 to contract adhesion with the skin. 
 
 Ulcerated encephaloid is fre- 
 quently the seat of hemorrhage, 
 followed by rapid fungous develop- 
 ment. 
 
 The progress of the disease after 
 ulceration is commonly very rapid. 
 
 It is the most common form un- 
 der which secondary cancer exhi- 
 bits itself 
 
 Is the species of cancer most fre- 
 quently observed in young subjects. 
 
 Scirrhus. 
 
 Resembles rind of bacon tra- 
 versed by cellulo-fibrous septa. 
 
 Has a semi-transparent glossi- 
 ness. 
 
 Has a clear whitish or bluish 
 yellow tint. 
 
 Is comparatively ill-supplied with 
 vessels. 
 
 Is exceedingly firm and dense. 
 
 Has not been distinctly detected 
 in this situation. 
 
 The main microscopical consti- 
 tuents are ju.Ktaposed nuclear cells ; 
 caudate corpuscula do not exist 
 in it. 
 
 Rarely acquires larger dimen- 
 sions than an orange. 
 
 Its seat, as ascertained by obser- 
 vation, is somewhat more limited. 
 
 Is not unusually solitary. 
 
 Ordinarily grows slowly. 
 
 Is comparatively rarely the seat 
 of these changes. 
 
 Resembles, when softened, a yel- 
 lowish brown semitransparent ge- 
 latinous mailer. 
 
 Scirrhus thus situate usually be- 
 comes adherent. 
 
 Scirrhous ulcers much less fre- 
 quently give rise to hemorrhage ; 
 and fungous growths (provided 
 they retain the scirrhous charac- 
 ter) are now more slowly and less 
 abundantly developed. 
 
 There is not such a remarkable 
 change in the rate of progress of the 
 disease after ulceration has set in. 
 
 Is much less common before pu- 
 bertv. 
 
 Colloid. 
 
 Has the appearance of particles of 
 jelly inlaid in a regular alveolar bed. 
 
 The contained matter is strik- 
 ingly transparent. 
 
 Greenish yellow is its predomi- 
 nant hue. 
 
 Its vessels have not been suffi- 
 ciently examined as jet. 
 
 The jelly-like matter is e.xceed- 
 ingly soft ; a colloid mass is, how- 
 ever, firm and resisting. 
 
 The pultaceous variety has been 
 detected in the veins. 
 
 Is composed of sliells in a state 
 of emboitement. 
 
 Observes a mean in this respect. 
 
 Has so far been seen in a limited 
 number of parts only. 
 
 Has rarely been met with in more 
 than one organ. 
 
 Grows with a medium degree of 
 rapidity. 
 
 Undergoes no visible change of 
 the kind. 
 
 Has so far been observed in adults | 
 on I v. 
 
 CANCER ALVEOLAIRE, CoUoid — c. Al- 
 veolaris, Colloid — c. Apertus, see Cancer. 
 
 Cancer Aquat'icus, Gan'grenoua stomati'tia, 
 Cancrum Oris, Gangrmnop'sis, Canlcer of the 
 mouth, Gan'grenous sore mouth, Gan'grenous ero'- 
 eion of the cheek. Sloughing Phagedce'tia of the 
 mouth, Water Canker: called, also, Aphthm ser- 
 pen'tes, Gangra'na Oris, Noma, Nome, Nomas, 
 Pseudoearcino'ma la'hii, Stnmae'ace gangrmno'sa, 
 Cheiloc'ace, Uloc'ace, Uli'tis sep'tica, Cheiloma- 
 la'cia, Scorbu'tus Oris, Stomatomala'cia pu'trida, 
 Stomatosep' sis, Stomatonecro' sis, Carbun'culus 
 labio'rum et gena'rura, (F.) Cancer aquatique, 
 Stomatite gangreneuse, S. Charbonneuse, Gangrene 
 ou Spkacele de la Botiche, Fegurite, Aphthe gnn- 
 greneux. Certain sloughing or gangrenous ulcers 
 of the mouth — so called, perhaps, because they 
 are often accompanied with an afflux of saliva. 
 The disease is not uncommon in children's asy- 
 lums, and demands the same treatment as hospi- 
 tal gangrene — the employment of caustics, and 
 internal and external antiseptics. 
 
 CANCER AQUATIQUE, Cancer aquaticus, 
 Stomaeace — c. Areolaire, Colloid — c. Astacus, see 
 Cancrorum chelse — c. Black, Cancer melanotic — 
 c. of the Breast, Mastocarcinoma — c. Camina- 
 riorum, Cancer, chimney-sweepers' — e. Cellular, 
 Encephaloid — c. Cerebriforme, see Encephaloid. 
 
 Cancer, Chimney-sweepers', Sootwart, Can- 
 cer mundito'rum seu purgato'ris infumic'uli seu 
 cnminario' rum, Cancer seu careino' ma scroti, Os- 
 cheocarcino'ma, Oschocarcino'ma, (E.) Cancer 
 des Ramoneurs. This aflFection begins with a 
 superficial, painful, irregular ulcer, with hard and 
 elevated edges, occupying the lower part of the 
 
 scrotum. Extirpation of the diseased part is the 
 only means of effecting a cure. 
 
 CANCER COLLO'lDE, Colloid. 
 
 Cancer, Davidson's Remedy for, see Conium 
 maculatum. 
 
 CANCER DUR, Scirrhus. 
 
 CANCER EBURNE. A kind of waxy dege- 
 neration of the breast, so called by M. Alibert, but 
 which appears to be in no way allied to cancer. 
 
 CANCER ENCEPHALOIDE, Scirrhus — c. 
 Epithelial, see Epithelial — c. Fibreux, Scirrhus — 
 c. Fibrous, Scirrhous — c. dn Foie, Hepatosarcoviie . 
 
 Cancer Gale'ni, (F.) Cancer de Galien. A 
 bandage for the head, to which Galen gave the 
 name cancer, from its eight heads resembling, 
 rudelj', the claws of the crab. It is now sup- 
 plied by the bandage with six chefs or heads, 
 which is called the Bandage of Galen or B. of 
 the Poor. 
 
 CANCER BE GALIEN, Cancer Galeni — e. 
 Gelatiniform, Colloid — c. Gelatinous, Colloid — e. 
 Gommeux, Colloid — c. Hard, Scirrhus — c. Intes- 
 tinorum, Enteropathia cancerosa — c. des Intestins, 
 Enteropat-hia caneerosa — e. of the Lung, Phthisi.s, 
 cancerous — -c. Lupus, Lupus — c. Mastoid, see 
 Mastoid cancer — c. Medullaris, Encephaloid — c. 
 Melseneus, Cancer, melanotic — c. ilelane. Cancer, 
 melanotic — c. Melanodes, Cancer, melanotic. 
 
 Cancer, Melanot'ic, Cancer melano'des, Car- 
 cino'ma melano' des seu melanot'icum seu' melm' - 
 neus. Fungus melano'des, SleV ano-carcino'ma, 
 Black or 3Iel'anoid Cancer, (F.) Cancer Jlelane. 
 A combination of cancer and melanosis. 
 
 Cancer, Miltlike, see Miltlike. 
 
CANCEREUX 
 
 163 
 
 CANITIES 
 
 Cancer Mollis, see Encephaloid — c. i/o«, 
 Encephaloid — c. Munditorum, Cancer, chimney- 
 sweepers' — c. Nephroid, see Nephroid — c. Occul- 
 tus, see Cancer — c. Oculi, Scirrhophthalmus — c. 
 Oris, Stomacace — c. Ossis, Spina ventosa — c. 
 Pharj'ngis et oesophagi, Laemoscirrhus — c. Pal- 
 tace, Colloid — c. Purgatoris infumiculi. Cancer, 
 chimney-sweepers' — c. des Mamoneiu-n, Cancer, 
 chimney-sweepers' — c. Scirrhosus, Scirrhus — c. 
 Scroti, Cancer, chimney-sweepers' — c. Soft, Hte- 
 matodes fungus — c. Solanoid, see Solanoid — c. 
 Squirrheiix, Scirrhus — c. of the Stomach, Gas- 
 trostenosis cardiaca et pylorica — c. Uteri, Metro- 
 carcinoma. 
 
 CANCEREUX, Cancerous. 
 
 CANCER ROOT, Orobanehe Virginiana, Phy- 
 tolacca decandra — c. Weed, Goodyera pubescens. 
 Salvia lyrata. 
 
 CANCEROMA, Carcinoma. 
 
 CAN'CEROUS, Cancro'sus, Carcino'sus, (F.) 
 Caiicereux. Relating to cancer; as Cancerous 
 ulcer, Cancerous diathesis. 
 
 CANCHALAGUA, Chironia Chilensis. 
 
 CANCRENA, Gangrene. 
 
 CANCRODES, Cancroid. 
 
 CAN'CROID, Kankroid, Cancro'des, Cancro'i'- 
 des, Oarcino'des, Carcino'ides, Cancro'ideus, from 
 cancer and ciSos, 'form.' That which assumes a 
 cancerous appearance. Cancroid is a name given 
 to certain cutaneous cancers by Alibert: called 
 also Cheloid or Keloid, Chel'o'is, Can'cro'is, Ke- 
 lo'i'des, (^(eXvs, 'a tortoise,' and u^og, 'likeness;' 
 or from KrfXis, 'a spot or stain,' and uiog, 'like- 
 ness ;') Kelis, from their presenting a flattish 
 raised patch of integument, resembling the shell 
 of a tortoise. 
 
 Cancroid of the Skin, see Epithelial. 
 
 CANCROIS, see Cancroid. 
 
 CANCROMA, Carcinoma. 
 
 CANCRO'RUM CHELiE, Oc'uli seu Lap'ides 
 seu Lapil'li Cancro'rum, Concremen'ta As'taci 
 Jluviat'ilis, Crab's stones or eyes, (F.) Yeux 
 d'ecrevisse, Pierre d'Ecrevisse. Concretions found, 
 particularly, in the Cancer As'tacus or Cray-fish. 
 They consist of carbonate -and phosphate of lime, 
 and possess antacid virtues, but not more than 
 2halk. 
 
 CANCROSUS, Cancerous, Chancreuse. 
 
 CANCRUM ORIS, Cancer Aquaticus, Sto- 
 macace. 
 
 CANDELA, Bougie — e. Fumalis, Pastil — c. 
 Medicata, Bougie — c. Regia, Verbascum nigrum. 
 
 CANDELARIA, Verbascum nigrum. 
 
 CANDI, Candum, Canthum, Can'tion, Candy, 
 from candidus — ' white, bleached, purified.' Pu- 
 rified and crystallized sugar. See Saccharum. 
 
 CANDIDUM OVI, Albumen ovi. 
 
 CANDLE, Pupil. 
 
 Candle, Mercu'rial. A candle made of wax 
 and vermilion for mercurial fumigation. 
 
 Candle Tree, Parmentiera cerifera. 
 
 CANDY, Candi. 
 
 CANDYTUFT, BITTER, Iberis amara. 
 
 CANE, SUGAR, see Saccharum — c. Sweet, 
 Acorus calamus. 
 
 CANEFICIER, Cassia fistula. 
 
 GANELA, Nectandra cinnamomoides. 
 
 CANELE, Grooved. 
 
 CANELLA, see Canella alba. 
 
 Canel'la Alba, diminutive oi canna, 'a reed.' 
 A West India tree. Fam. Magnoliacese : Sex. 
 Syst. Dodecandria Monogynia. It is so called 
 because its bark is rolled up like a reed. Cortex 
 Wintera'nus spu'rius, Canella Cuha'na seu Wiii- 
 tera'nia, Cinnamo'jmim album, Cortex Antiscor- 
 bu'ticus seu Aromat'icus, Costus cortico'sus, Ca- 
 min'ga, Canella (Ph. U. S.), Canella Bark, (F.) 
 Canelle ou Canelle blanche, Fausse Ecorce de 
 
 Winter, Ecorce Cariocostine ; Ord. Guttiferse, is 
 a pungent aromatic. Its virtues are partly ex- 
 tracted by water; entirely by alcohol. It is a 
 stimulant, and is added to bitters and cathartics. 
 
 Canella Caryophyllata, Myrtus caryophyl- 
 lata — c. Cubana, C. alba, Laurus cassia — c. Mala- 
 barica et Javensis, Laurus cassia. 
 
 CANELLIFERA MALAB ARIC A, Laurus 
 cassia. 
 
 CANEPIN, (F.) A fine lamb's skin or goat's 
 skin, used for trying the quality of lancets. 
 
 CANICACEOUS, Furfuraceous. 
 
 CAN'IC^. Meal, in which there is much 
 bran. Also, coarse bread ; or bread in which 
 there is much bran — Panis Canica'ceus. 
 
 CANICIDA, Aconitum. 
 
 CANIC'ULA; the Dogstar, from canis, 'a dog;* 
 'Zeiptog, Sirius, (P.) Canicule. This star, which 
 gives its name to the Dogdays, Dies canictda'res, 
 because they commence when the sun rises with 
 it, was formerly believed to exert a powerful in- 
 fluence on the animal economy. The Dogdays 
 occur at a period of the year when there is gene- 
 rally great and oppressive heat, and therefore — 
 it has been conceived — a greater liability to dis- 
 ease. 
 
 CANIF, Knife. 
 
 CANIN, Canine. 
 
 CANINAN^ RADIX, Cainc^ radix. 
 
 CANINE, Cani'nus, Cyn'icus, from canis, 'a 
 dog,' (F.) Canin. That which has a resemblance 
 to the structure, &c., of a dog. 
 
 Canine Fossa, Fossa Cani'na, Infra-orbifar or 
 Suborbitar fossa, (F.) Fosse Canine. A small 
 depression on the superior maxillary bone, above 
 the dens caninus, which gives attachment to thft 
 oaninus or levator angtili oris muscle. 
 
 Canine Ladgh, Sardon'ic laugh, Risus Cani'- 
 nus seu Sardon'icus seu Sardo'nius seu Sardanios 
 seu de Sardo'nia seu involunta'rius seu spas'ticus, 
 Tortu'ra seu Distor'sio Oris, Gelas'mus, Sardi'~ 
 asis, Sardoni' asis. Trismus Sardon'icus seu cyn'- 
 ieus, Spasmus musculorum faciei seu cyn'icus, Pro- 
 sopospas'mus, (F.) Ris canin, R. Sardonique-, R. 
 Sardonien, R. moqueur. A sort of laugh, the facial 
 expression of which is produced particularly by 
 the spasmodic contraction of the Caninus muscle. 
 Probably, this expression, as well as Cynic Spiasm, 
 Spasmus cani'nus seu cyn'icus, Convul'sio cani'na, 
 Trismus cyn'icus, may have originated in the re- 
 semblance of the affection to certain movements 
 in the upper lip of the dog. The Risus Sardon'- 
 icus is said to have been so called from similar 
 symptoms having been induced by a kind of 
 Ranunculus — R. scelera'tus — that grows in Sar- 
 dinia. 
 
 Canine Teeth, JDentes Cani'ni seu Lania'rii 
 seu angxda'res seu ciisjnda'ti seu columella' res seu 
 ocida'res seu morden'tes, Cynodon'tes, Eye Teeth, 
 Pug Teeth, (¥.) Dents canines ou laniaires ou an- 
 gulaires ou oculaires ou oeilleres ou cono'ides. The 
 teeth between the lateral incisors and small mo- 
 lares of each jaw ; — so named because they re- 
 semble the teeth of the dog. 
 
 CANINUS, Levator anguli oris — c. Sentis, 
 Rosa canina — c. Spasmus, see Canine Laugh. 
 
 CANIRAM. Strychnos nux vomica. 
 
 CANIRAMINUM, Brucine. 
 
 CANIRUBUS, Rosa oanina. 
 
 CANIS INTERFECTOR, Veratrum sabadilla 
 — e. Ponticus, Castor fiber. 
 
 CANIT"IES, from canus, 'white.' Blanching, 
 Whiteness or grayness of the hair, and especially 
 of that of the head — Ti-ichon'osis polio'sis. (F.) 
 Canitie. When occurring in consequence of old 
 age, it is not a disease. Sometimes it happen."? 
 suddenly, and apparently in consequence of severe 
 mental emotion. The causes, however, are not 
 clear. See Poliosis. 
 
CANKER 
 
 164 
 
 CAPBERN 
 
 CANKER, Stomacace — c. of the Mouth, Can- 
 cer aquaticus. 
 
 CANKER-RASH, see Cynanche maligna. 
 CANKER, WATER, Cancer aquaticus. 
 CANNA, see Tous-les-Mois, Cassia fistula. 
 Trachea — c. Braohii, Ulna — c. Domestica cruris, 
 Tibia— 0. Edulis, Tovs-lcn-Jlois — c. Fistula, Cas- 
 sia fistula — c. Lndica, Sagittarium alexipharma- 
 cum — c. Major, Tibia^c. Minor, Fibula, Radius 
 — c. Solutiva, Cassia fistula — e. Starch, Tous-les- 
 Mijis. 
 
 CANNABIN, Bangue. 
 
 CANNAB'INA, from Kavva/3i;, 'hemp.' Reme- 
 dies composed of Cannabis Indica. — Pereira. 
 
 Casnabina Aquatica, Eupatorium canna- 
 binum. 
 
 CANNABIS INDICA, Bangue. See, also, 
 Churrus. 
 
 Can'nabiS Sati'va, (F.) Chanvre, Ckamhrie. 
 The seed of this — Hemi)seed, Sem'iita Gnn'nahin, 
 (F.) Chenevis — is oily and mucilaginous. The 
 decoction is sometimes used in gonorrhoea. 
 
 CANNACORUS RADICE CROCEA, Curcuma 
 longa. 
 
 CANNAMELLE, see Saccharum. 
 GANNE AROMATIQUE, Acorus calamus — 
 c. Congo, Costus — c. de Riviere, Costus — c. a 
 Sucre, see Saccharum. 
 
 CANNEBERGE, .Vaccinium o.xycoccos — c. 
 Ponctuee, Vaccinium vitis idasa. 
 CANNEL, Laurus cinnamomum. 
 CANNEL-BONE, Clavicle. 
 CANNEL-WATER, Aqua^cinnamomi. 
 CANNELE ou GANELE (F.), from cmialis, 
 'a canal.' Sidca'tus, Stria'tus, Gnnalicida' tus. 
 Having a canal or groove — as JilKscle cannele 
 (Lieutaud), the Gemini ; Corps canneles ou stries, 
 the Corpora striata; Sonde cannelee, a grooved 
 sound, &c. See Grooved. 
 
 CANNELL BAYNE, Clavicle. 
 CANNELLE, Laurus cinnamomum — c. 
 Blanche, Canella alba — c. de la Chine, Laurus 
 cassia — c. de Coromandel, Laurus cassia — c. 
 Fausse, Laurus cassia — c. Giroflee, Myrtus cary- 
 ophyllata — c. des Indes, Laurus cassia • — c. de 
 Java, Laurus cassia — c. de Malabar, Laurus cas- 
 sia — c. 3Iatte, Laurus cassia — c. Officinale, Lau- 
 rus cinnamomum — c. Poivree, see Wintera aro- 
 matic a. 
 
 CANNULA, Canula. 
 CANNULA PULMONUM, Bronchia. 
 CANOPUM, see Sambucus. 
 CANOR STETHOSCOPICUS, Tintement ine- 
 tallique. 
 
 CANQUOIN'S CAUSTIC PASTE, Pasta zinci 
 chloridi. 
 
 CANTABRICA, Convolvulus Cantabriea. 
 CANTABRUNO, Furfur. 
 CANTARELLUS, Meloe proscarab^us. 
 CANTATIO, Charm. 
 CANTEL, Vertex. 
 
 CANTERBURY, WATERS OP, Aqua Can- 
 tuarien'sea. The waters of Canterbury, in Kent, 
 England, are impregnated with iron, sulphur, 
 and carbonic acid. 
 
 CANTERIUM, Cantherius. ^ 
 CANTHARIDE TAG HE TEE. Lytta vittata. 
 CANTHARIDINE, see Cantharis. 
 CAN'THARIS, from Kav^apo^, ' a scaralxBns.' 
 0. vesicato'ria, Musca Hispanica, 2Iel'oe vesica- 
 to'rius, Lytta vesicato'ria, Blis'tering Fly, Blister- 
 fly, Blisterheetle, Spanish Fly, Fly, (F.) Cantlia- 
 rides, Mouches, M. d' Espagne. This fly — Order, 
 Coleopterse — originally, perhaps, a native of 
 Italy and Spain, is now found in France, Ger- 
 many, Hungary, Russia, Siberia, and England. 
 It is, however, rare in the last-named country. 
 It is found in species of Oleaoeee — as the ash, 
 privet, and lilac; and of Caprifoliacese — as the 
 
 elder and lonicera. It is much employed in me- 
 dicine, and is the most common vesicatory. 
 Given internally, and even when absorbed from 
 the skin, it afie-cts the urinarj' organs, exciting 
 strangury. This may be prevented, in cases of 
 blisters, by interposing between the blistering 
 plaster and skin a piece of tissue-paper. Dilu- 
 ents relieve the strangury. Dose, half a grain 
 to one grain. If kept dry, the flies will retain 
 their activity for many years. Their active prin- 
 ciple — Gan'tharidin, Cantharidi'na — has been 
 separated from them. 
 
 Ganlharis vesicatoria is the ordinary blistering 
 insect used in Europe. 
 
 Cantharis seu Lytta vitfa'ta, (which see,) and 
 C. ntra'ta, G. margina'ta, and C. cine'rea, of 
 America; C. atoma'ria, of Brazil; C. ru'ficeps, 
 of Sumatra and Java; G. gigas, Lytta cwru'lea, 
 of Guinea and the East Indies; C' viola' cea, 
 Lytta gigas mas, of the East Indies; C. Syr'iaca, 
 Lytta seg'eiam, of Arabia; ILyla'hris, At. punc- 
 ta'ta, M. pustula'ta, and 3L cicho'rii, of China 
 and the East Indies; 3feloe proscaraba'us, and 
 3L maja'lis or True May worm — possess similar 
 properties. 
 
 CANTHE'RIUS, Gante'rium. The cross-piece 
 of wood in the apparatus used by Hippocrates for 
 reducing luxations of the humerus. 
 
 CANTHI'TIS. Inflammation of the canthus 
 of the eye. 
 
 CANTHIUM CORONATUM, Randia dume- 
 torum. 
 
 CANTHOPLAS'TICE, Oan'thojjlasty, (F.) Can- 
 thoplastie, from KavSog, ''the angle of the eye,' and 
 ■r:\aaTiKos, 'formative.' The formation, by plastic 
 operation, of the angle of the eye. An operation 
 proposed by Ammon, when the eyelids are not 
 sufficiently cleft. 
 
 CANTHUM, Candi. 
 
 CANTHUS, Epican'this, An'gnhis ocida'ris. 
 Eons lacryma'rum. The corner or angle of the 
 eye. The greater canthus is the inner angle, 
 Hircus, Hir'quus, Rhanter ; the lesser canthus, 
 the outer angle, Parop'ia, Pega. 
 
 CANTIA'NUS PULVIS, 'Kent Powder.' A 
 cordial powder, known under the name 'Countess 
 of Kent's Powder,' composed of coral, amber, 
 crabs' eyes, prepared pearls, <tc. It was given 
 in cancer. 
 
 CANTTON, Candi. 
 
 CAN'ULA, Can'nula, Au'liscus, Aulos. Di- 
 minutive of Canna, 'a reed;' Tu'bulus, (F.) Ga- 
 nule ou Gannule. A small tube of gold, silver, 
 platinum, iron, lead, wood, elastic gum, or gutta 
 percha, used for various purposes in surgery. 
 
 CA'OUTCHOUC. The Indian name for In- 
 dian Rubber, Elas'tic Gum, Gum Elastic, Gummi 
 elas'ticmn, Gauchuc, Resi'na elas'tica seu Gayen- 
 nen'sis, Cayenne Resin, Gautchuc, (F.) Gomme 
 elastique, Risine ilastique ou de Cayenne. A 
 substance formed from the milky juice of HcB'vea 
 seu Hevea Guianen'sis, Jat'ropha elas'tica, Si- 
 pho'nih Cahuchu, S. elas'tica, Seringue Tree, and 
 of Fieu'i Indica, and Artocar'pus integrifo'lia: — 
 South American trees. It is insoluble in water 
 and alcohol: but boiling water softens and swells 
 it. It is soluble in the essential oils and in ether, 
 when it may be blown into bladders. It is used 
 in the fabrication of catheters, bougies, pessaries, 
 
 CAP, PITCH, see Depilatory. 
 
 CAPACITY, LUNG, see Vital Capacity — c. 
 Pulmonic, see Vital Capacity. 
 
 CAPA-ISIAKKA, Bromeiia annnas. 
 
 CAPBERN, WATERS OF. Capbern is in 
 the department Hautes-Pyrcnees, France. The 
 waters contain sulphates aad carbonates of lime 
 and magnesia, and chloride of magnesium. Tem- 
 perature, 75° Fahrenheit. They are purgative. 
 
CAFELET 
 
 165 
 
 CAPSICUM 
 
 CAPELET, Myrtus carophyllata. 
 
 CAPELI'NA, CapelU'na, (F.) Capeline. A 
 Woman's Eat, in French ; Capis'trum, from caput, 
 ' head.' A sort of bandage, ^vhich, in shape, re- 
 sembles a riding-hood. There are several kinds 
 of Capeliues : — 1. That of the head, C. de la tete, 
 Fns'cia capitu'Us. See Bonnet d' Hippocrate. C. 
 of the clavicle, employed in fractures of the acro- 
 mion, clavicle, and spine of the scapula. C. of an 
 amputated limb — the bandage applied round the 
 stump. 
 
 CAPELLINA, Capelina. 
 
 CAPER BUSH, Capparis spinosa. 
 
 CAPER PLANT, Euphorbia lathyris. 
 
 CAPERS, see Capparis spinosa. 
 
 CAPETUS, Imperforation. 
 
 CAPHORA, Camphor. 
 
 CAPHURA, Camphor. 
 
 CAPILLAIRE, Capillary, see Adiantum 
 capillus veneris — c. da Canada, Adiantum pe- 
 datum — c. de Montpellier, Adiantum capillus 
 veneris. 
 
 CAPILLAMEN'TUM, from capillus, 'a hair,' 
 Cttpillit" ium, Tricho'ina, Trichoma' tion. Any 
 villous or hairy covering. Also, a small fibre or 
 fibril. 
 
 CAP'ILLART, Capilla'ris, Capilla'ceus, from 
 coinllus, ' a hair.' (F.) Capillaire. Hair-like ; 
 small. 
 
 Cap'illary Vessels, Vasa capiUa'i-ia, 3Ii- 
 cravgi'n, Trichangi'a, (F.) Vaisseaux capillaires, 
 Ca])illicules, are the extreme radicles of the ar- 
 teries and veins, which together constitute the 
 capillarT/, intermediate, or ^;er7'^i7(e?-«? vascular 
 si/stem, — the methce'mata or tnethcematous blood- 
 channels of Dr. Marshall Hall. They possess an 
 action distinct from that of the heart, but not one 
 of rhythmic contraction and dilatation. Formerly, 
 it was conceived that white vessels — Vasa sero'sa 
 — or vessels so minute as not to admit red cor- 
 puscles, were distributed to the tissues which do 
 not receive red blood. 
 
 CAPILLATIO, Trichismus. 
 
 CAPILLATUS, Impuber. 
 
 GAPILLIOULES, Capillary vesse.s. 
 
 CAPILLITIUM, Capillamentum, Entropion, 
 Scalp. 
 
 CAPILLORUM DEFLUVIUM, Alopecia. 
 
 CAPIL'LUS, quasi Capitis Pilus, Coma, GhcBte, 
 Crinis, Pilus, Thrix, CcBSa'ries, (F.) Cheveu. 
 This term is generally applied to the hair of the 
 head, Pili seu Honor eap'itis, the characters of 
 which vary according to races, individuals, &c. 
 Hairs arise in the areolar membrane, where the 
 bulb is placed, and are composed of two parts- — 
 one, external, transparent, and of an epidermoid 
 character; the other, internal and sui generis, 
 which, in the opinion of some, communicates to 
 them their colour. The hair is insensible, and 
 grows from the root. 
 
 Capillus Veneris, Adiantum capillus veneris 
 — c. V. Canadensis, Adiantum pedatum. 
 
 CAPIPLE'IflUM, Capitiple'nium, from caput, 
 'the head,' audplenum, 'full.' A word employed 
 with different significations. A variety of catarrh. 
 — Schneider. A heaviness or disorder in the 
 head common at Rome, like the Kapii^aiHu, Care- 
 baria, of the Greeks. — Baglivi. 
 CAPISTRATIO, Phimosis. 
 CAPISTRUM, Capeline, Chevestre, Trismus— 
 c. Auri, Borax. 
 
 Capis'trusi, Phimos, Cemos, K-qfioi;, 'a halter.' 
 This name has been given to several bandages 
 for the head. See Capeline, Chevestre. 
 
 CAPITALIA REMEDIA, Cephalic remedies. 
 CAPITALIS, Cephalic. 
 CAPITELLUM, Alembic, see Caput. 
 CAPITEUX, Heady. 
 
 CAPITILU'VIUM, from caput, 'the head,' and 
 lavare, ' to wash.' A bath for the head. 
 CAPITIPLENIUM, Capiplenium. 
 CAPITIPURGIA, Caput purgia. 
 CAPITIT'F.AHA, from caput, 'the head,' and 
 trahere, ' to draw.' Instruments which, like the 
 forceps, draw down the head of the foetus when 
 impacted in the pelvis. 
 
 CAPITO'NES, from caput, ' the head.' Ifacro- 
 ceph'ali, Proceph'ali. Foetuses whose heads are 
 so large as to render labour difficult. The con- 
 dition is called 3Iacrocepha' Ua. 
 
 CAPITULUM, Alembic, Condyle, see Caput 
 — c. Costas, see Costa — c. Laryngis, Corniculum 
 laryngis — e. Martis, Eryngium campestre — c. 
 Santorini, Corniculum laryngis. 
 CAPITULUVIUM, Bath (head). 
 CAPNISMOS, Fumigation. 
 CAPNITIS., Tutia. 
 
 CAPNOIDES CAVA, Fumaria bulbosa. 
 CAPXORCHIS, Fumaria bulbosa. 
 CAPNOS, Fumaria. 
 capon; Cagot. 
 
 CAPON SPRINGS. A pleasant summer re- 
 treat, situated in a gorge of the North Mountain, 
 in Hampshire co., Va., 23 miles W. of Winchester. 
 The waters in the vicinity are sulphurous and 
 chalybeate; — those at the springs alkaline and 
 diuretic. 
 
 CAPOT, Cagot. 
 
 CAP'PARIS SPINO'SA, Cap'pnris, Cappar, 
 Ca'pria, Pricldy Caper Bush, (F.) Cdprier. Ord. 
 Capparideae. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Monogynia. 
 The bark of the root and the buds have been es- 
 teemed astringent and diuretic. The buds are a 
 well-known pickle — Capers, (F.) Cdpres. 
 
 Capparis Baduc'ca, Baduk'ha. A species of 
 caper, cultivated in India on account of the beauty 
 of its flowers. The Orientals make aliniment with 
 its juice, with which they rub pained parts. The 
 flowers are purgative. 
 
 CAPPONE, WATERS OF. At Cappone, in the 
 isle of Ischia, are waters containing carbonate of 
 soda, chloride of sodium, and carbonate of lime. 
 Temp. 100° Fahr. 
 
 CAPREOLA'RIS, from capreolus, 'a tendril.' 
 Cisso'i'des, EUcdi'des, (F.) Capjreolaire. Twisted. 
 Capreola'ria Vasa. Some have called thus 
 the spermatic arteries and veins, on account of 
 their numerous contortions. 
 CAPREOLUS, Helix. 
 CAPRES, see Capparis spinosa. 
 CAPRIA, Capparis spinosa. 
 CAPRICORNUS, Plumbum. 
 CAPBIEPl, Capparis spinosa. 
 CAPRIFOLIA, Lonicera periclymenum. 
 CAPRIFOLIUMDISTINCTUM,Lonicerape- 
 riolymenum — c. Periclymenum, Lonicera pericly- 
 menum — c. Semper vivens, Lonicera sempervivens, 
 — c. Sylvaticum. Lonicera periclymenum. 
 CAPRILOQUIUM, Egophony. 
 CAPRTZANS PULSUS, see Pulse, caprizant. 
 CAPSA, Botte, Capsule, Case— c. Cordis, Peri- 
 cardium. 
 
 CAPSARIUM, Boitier. 
 
 CAPSELLA BURSA PASTORIS, Thlaspi 
 bursa. 
 
 CAPSICUM, see Capsicum annuum. 
 Cap'sicum An'nuum, C. Hinpan'icum, from 
 Ka-KToi, 'I bite.' The systematic name of the plant 
 whence, in part, Cayenne Pepper is obtained, — 
 Piper In'dicum seu Hispan'icum seu Brazilia'- 
 num seu Guineen'se seu Calecu'ticum seu Tur'ci- 
 cum seu Lusitan'icum, Sola'num urens, Siliquas'- 
 trum Plin'ii, Cayenne or Guinea or Chilli Pepper. 
 Garden Ginger, (F.) Ptment, Poiv)-e d' Inde, Poivru 
 de Guinee, Corail des Jar-dins. Ordc, Solanese. 
 The pungent, aromatic properties of Baccm Cap- 
 
CAP SI QUE 
 
 1C6 
 
 CAR ANN A 
 
 Bid, Cap'sioum Berries, Capsicum (Ph. U. S.)) are 
 yielded to ether, alcohol, and water. They are 
 highly stimulant and rubefacient, and are used as 
 a condiment. Their active principle is called 
 Capsiein. 
 
 Capsicum Hispajhcuji, Capsicum annuum. 
 
 CAPSIQ UE, Capsicum annuum. 
 
 CAPSITIS, see Phacitis. 
 
 CAPSULA, Bolder — c. Articiilaris, Capsular 
 ligament — c Cordis, Pericardium — c. Dentis, 
 Dental follicle — c. Humoris aquei, see Aqueous 
 humour of the eye — c. Lentis, see Crystalline — e. 
 Nervorum, Neurilemma — c. Sequestralis, see 
 Sequestrum. 
 
 CAPSULE SEMINALES, Vesiculee S. — c. 
 Synoviales, Bursas mucosae. 
 
 CAPSULAIRE, Capsular. 
 
 CAP'SULAR, Capsula'ris, (F.) Capsulaire. 
 Relating to a capsula or capsule. 
 
 Capsular Arteries, Suprare'nal Arteries and 
 Veins. Vessels belonging to the suprarenal cap- 
 sules. They are divided into superior, middle, 
 and inferior. The iirst proceed from the inferior 
 phrenic, the second from the aorta, and the third 
 from the renal artery The corresponding veins 
 enter the phrenie, vena cava, and renal. 
 
 Capsular Cataract, see Cataract. 
 
 Capsular Lig'amext, Ligamen'tum capsula're, 
 Cap'sula artieula'ris, Artic'idar or Fibrous cap- 
 sule, (F.) Ligament capsulaire, Capsule articu- 
 laire, Capsule fihreux, &c. Membranous, fibrous, 
 and elastic bags or capsules, of a whitish consist- 
 ence, thick, and resisting, -which surround joints. 
 
 CAPSULE, Capi'snla, Cnpsa, a box, or case, 
 (F.) Capsule. This name has been given, by ana- 
 tomists, to parts bearing no analogy to each other. 
 
 Capsule, Bowjian's, see Kidney — c. Cellular, 
 of the Eye, see Eye— e. Fibrous, Capsular liga- 
 ment. 
 
 Capsule, Gelat'inous, Cap'sula gelat'incB, 
 (F.) Capsule gelatineuse, Capsule of gelatin. A 
 modern invention by -which copaiba and other 
 disagreeable oils can be enveloped in gelatin so 
 as to conceal their taste. 
 
 Capsule op Gljsson, Cap'sula GLisso'sn seu 
 commu'nis Glisso'xii, Yagi'na Portce, V. Glis- 
 So'nii. a sort of membrane, described by Glis- 
 son, which is nothing more than dense areolar 
 membrane surrounding the vena porta and its 
 ramifications in the liver. 
 
 Capsule of the Heart, Pericardium— c. Ocu- 
 lar, see Eye. 
 
 Capsule, Renal, Suprare'nal or Atrahil'- 
 iary C, Renal Gland, Glnn'dula suprarena'lis, 
 Cap'sula rena'lis seu suprarena'lis seu atrabilia'- 
 ris, Ben succenturia'tus, Xephrid'ium, (F.) Cap- 
 sule surrenah ou atrahiliaire. A flat triangular 
 body, which covers the upper part of the kidney, 
 as with a helmet. A hollow cavity in the interior 
 contains a brown, reddish or yellowish fluid. The 
 renal capsules were long supposed to be the secre- 
 tory organs of the fancied atrabilis. They are 
 much larger in the foetus than in the adult. 
 They are probably concerned in lymphosis. 
 
 A singular condition of cachexia, the leading 
 characteristics of which are anasmia, general lan° 
 guor and debility; remarkable feebleness of the 
 heart's action; irritability of the stomach, and a 
 peculiar bronzed skin, was first described by Dr. 
 Thos. Addison, of London, as connected with a 
 diseased condition of the supra-renal capsules. 
 It has been proposed to call it the Disease of Ad- 
 dison, (F.) Maladie d'A^ddison. 
 
 Capsule, Seji'inal, Cap'sula semina'Us. Bar- 
 tholine thus designates the extremity of the vas 
 deferens, which is sensibly dilated in tbe vicinity 
 of the vesiculie seminales. Some anatomists ap- 
 ply this name to the vesiculse themselves. 
 
 Capsule, Syno'vial, Cqmda Synovia'lis. A 
 
 membranous bag, surrounding the movable arti- 
 culations and canals, which gives passage to ten- 
 dons. Synovial capsules exhale, from their arti- 
 cular surface, a fluid, whose function is to favour 
 the motions of parts upon each other. See Bursa 
 mucosa, and Synovia. 
 
 CAPSULE SUERENALE ou ATBABI- 
 LIABE, Capsule, renal. 
 
 CAPSULITIS, see Phacitis. 
 
 CAPUCHON. Trapezius. 
 
 CAPUCINE, Tropaeolum majus. 
 
 CAPULIES, Prunus capulin, 
 
 CAPULUS, Scrotum. 
 
 CAPUT, 'the head.' Also, the top of a bone 
 or other part, (F.) Tete. The head of small 
 bones is sometimes termed eapiit' ulum, captiteW um, 
 cephalid'iurn, ceph'alis, cephal'ium. Also, the 
 glans penis. 
 
 Caput Asperse Arteri^e, Larynx — c. Coli, 
 Csecum — c. Gallrnaceum, see Gallinaginis caput 
 — c. Gallinaginis, see Gallinaginis caput — c. Ge- 
 nitale, Glans — c. Lubricum, Penis — c. Major, see 
 Epididymis — c. Minor, see Epididymis — c. Mo- 
 nachi, Leontodon Taraxacum — c. Obstipum, Tor- 
 ticollis — c. Penis, Glans. 
 
 Caput Pur'gia, Capiti2')ur'gia. Remedies, 
 which the ancients regarded as proper for purg- 
 ing the head : — errhines, sternutatories, apopihleg- 
 matisantia, &c. Prosper Alpinus makes the capjut 
 purgia to be the same as errhines ; and the npo- 
 p)hlegmatismi the same as the masticatories of 
 the moderns. 
 
 Caput Scapula, Acromion. 
 
 Caput Succepa'seum. A term sometimes used 
 for the tumefied scalp, which first presents in 
 certain cases of labour. 
 
 Caput Testis, Epididymis. 
 
 CA Q VE-SANO UE, Cague-sangue. 01 d Fren ct 
 words which signify Bloody evacuations, (F.) Z>e. 
 jeetions sanguinolentes. They come from cacare, 
 ' to go to stool,' and sanguis, ' blood.' Under 
 this term was comprehended every affection in 
 which blood is discharged from the bowels. 
 
 CARA SCHULLI, Frutex In'dicus spino'sus, 
 Barle'ria buxifo'lia. A Malabar plant, which, 
 when applied externally, is maturative and resol- 
 vent. The decoction of its root is used, in the 
 countrj^, in ischuria. 
 
 CARABAC'CIUM. An aromatic wood of In- 
 dia, of a yellowish colour, and a smell like that 
 of the clove. Its decoction and infusion are 
 given as stomachics and antiscorbutics. 
 
 CAR'ABUS. A genus of coleopterous insects. 
 Two species, the chrysoceph'alus and ferrugin'eus 
 have been recommended for the toothach. They 
 must be pressed between the fingers, and then 
 rubbed on the gum and tooth affected. 
 
 CARACTERE, Character, Symbol. 
 
 CARAGNA, Caranna. 
 
 CARAMATA, Arumari. A tree in the inland 
 parts of Pomeroon. It furnishes a febrifuge bark, 
 which Dr. Hancock says may be used in typhoid 
 and remittent fevers where cinchona is either 
 useless or pernicious. 
 
 CARAMBOLO, Averrhoa carambola. 
 
 CARAMEL, Sac'charum piercoc'turn seu tos- 
 ium. Sugar subjected to the action of heat, until 
 it is partly decomposed, deliquescent, of a brown 
 colour, and a strong, agreeable and empyreumatic 
 odour. 
 
 CARAN'NA, Caragna, Tacamaha'ca, Caragna, 
 Caran'ncB Gummi, G. Brel'isis, G^irn Caran'na, 
 (F.) Ca.ragne, Oornme Caragne ou Carane. A 
 gum-resinous substance, whicli flows from a large 
 tree in New Spain, and is obtained from South 
 America in impure masses. It preserves its soft- 
 ness for a long time, has an aromatic smell, and 
 a slightly acid and bitter taste. It was formerly 
 ! used as a vulnerary and in plasters. 
 
CARAWAY 
 
 16: 
 
 CARCINOMA 
 
 CARAWAY, Carum. 
 
 CARAWAY SEEDS, see Carum. 
 
 C ARE AS A, Linteum. 
 
 CARBASUS, Linteum. : 
 
 CARBO, Carbon, (F.) Carhone. An elemen- • 
 tary body, extensively distributed in nature; but 
 of wliicb the two following forms are officinal in 
 the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. Also, 
 a coal, charcoal. 
 
 Caubo Lisni, Charcoal (F.) Cfiarbon. Fresh 
 Charcoal is antiseptic. It is used to improve the 
 digestive organs in cases of worms, dyspepsia, 
 &c. ; as a cataplasm to gangrenous and fetid 
 ulcers, tinea, &c., and forms a good tooth-powder. 
 Dose, gr. x to ^j. Also, Antlirax. 
 
 Carbo Anima'lis, C. camis, Animal charcoal, 
 (F.) Charbon animal, usually prepared by sub- 
 jecting bones to a red beat in close vessels. The 
 result is Bone black, commonly called Ivory black. 
 (F.) Noir animal ou d'os. It is given in the 
 same cases as Carbo Ligni, and has been extolled 
 in cancer. Dose, gr. ss to gr. iij. 
 
 The Pharmacopoeia of the United States con- 
 tains a formula for the preparation of Carbo 
 Anijia'lis Purifica'tus, Purified animal char- 
 coal {Carbon, animal. Ibj ; Acid muriat., Aqua 
 aa f^^xij). Pour the muriatic acid, previously 
 mixed with the water, gradually upon the char- 
 coal, and digest with a gentle heat for two days, 
 occasionally stirring the mixture. Having al- 
 lowed the undissolved portion to subside, pour 
 off the supernatant liquor, wash the charcoal fre- 
 quently with water until it is entirely free from 
 acid, and lastly dry it. 
 
 Carbo Fos'silis, Lithanthrax, Stone coal. 
 
 Carbo Huma'num. The human excrement. — 
 Paracelsus. 
 
 Carbo Ligst, Carbo — c. Mineralis, Graphites 
 
 — e. Palpebrarum, Anthracosis — c. Spongiee, 
 Spongia usta. 
 
 CARBOX, Carbo — e. Sesqui-iodide of, Carbonis 
 sesqui-iodidum — -c. Bisulphuret of, Carbonis sul- 
 phuretum — c. Sesquichloride of, Carbonis trichlo- 
 ridum — c. Sulphide of, Carbonis sulphuretum — e. 
 Sulphuret of, Carbonis sulphuretum — c. Terchlo- 
 ride of, Carbonis trichloridum, see Chloroform. 
 
 CAR'BOXAS or CARBO'NAS. A carbonate. 
 (T.) Carbonate. A salt, formed by the combina- 
 tion of carbonic acid with a salifiable base. 
 
 Carbosas Natriccm, Sodae carbonas — c. Plum- 
 bicus, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 
 CARBON-ATE D'AM3I0N1AQUE, Ammo- 
 nise carbonas. 
 
 CAR'BOXATED, Carbona'tiis, Aera'tus, (F.) 
 Carbone, Acre. That which is impregnated with 
 carbonic acid. 
 
 CARBONE, Carbon — c. Trichlorure de, Car- 
 bonis trichloridum. 
 
 CARBONE, Carbonated. 
 
 CARBOlN^EUM CHLORATUM, Chloroform. 
 
 CARBOX'IC ACID, Ac"idum Carbon'icum, 
 Solid Air of Hales, Factitious or Fixed Air, 
 Carbona'ceous or Calca'reous or Aerial or Jfephit'- 
 ic Acid, llephit'ic Air, Spir'itus letha'lis, (F.) 
 Acide Carbonique. This gas, which neither sup- 
 ports respiration nor combustion, is not often 
 used in medicine. It is the main agent in effer- 
 vescent draughts, fermenting poultices, &c. It 
 is often found occupying the lower parts of mines 
 
 — when it is called the choke damp — caverus, 
 tombs, wells, brewers' vats, <fcc., and not unfre- 
 quently has been the cause of death. Lime 
 thrown into such places soon absorbs the acid. 
 
 CARB0XI3 SESQUICHLORIDUM, Carbonis 
 trichloridum. 
 
 CARBO'NIS SESQUI-IOD'IDUM, C. Sesqui- 
 lodnre'tum. Sesqui-I'odide or Sesqui-Iod'uret of 
 Carbon. This is made by mixing concentrated 
 alcoholic solutions of iodine and potassa, until 
 
 the former loses its colour; a solution is obtaineJ 
 from which water throws down a yellow precipi- 
 tate — the sesqui-iodide of carbon. It has been 
 used in enlarged glands and in some cutaneous 
 affections, applied externally, (^ss to ^vj of 
 cerate). See Iodoform. 
 
 Carbo'xiS Sulphcre'tum, S'dph'uris Carbii- 
 re' turn, Sulphure'tum seu Sul'fidum Carbo' nu, 
 Carbo'nium Sulphura'tum, Al'cohol Sul'pjlniris, 
 Bisulphure'tum Carbo' nii, Sulphuret, Sidphide or 
 Bisulphuret of Carbon, Carburet of Sulphur, (F.) 
 Sulfur e de Carhone,Carbure de Soufre,Soufre Car- 
 bure, Alcool de Soufre. This transparent, colour- 
 less fluid, which has a very penetrating, disa- 
 greeable odour, and a taste which is cooling at 
 first, but afterwards acrid and somewhat aroma- 
 tic, is a diffusible excitant. It is diaphoretic, 
 diuretic, and has been said to have proved em- 
 menagogue. It is also used in nervous diseases 
 as an antispasmodic. Dose, one drop to four, 
 repeated frequently. 
 
 It is used externally, where a cooling influence 
 has to be rapidly exerted, and has been inhaled 
 as an ansestlaetic. 
 
 Carbo'xis Trichlo'ridum, C. Sesqui-cMo'ri- 
 clum, Terchloride or Sesquichloride of Carbon, 
 (F.) Trichlorure OU Sesquichlorure de Cctrhone,\S 
 formed by the action of Chlorine on Chloroliy- 
 dric e/7;e;-, under the influence of sun-light. It has 
 been given in cholera, and applied to correct the 
 fetor of foul ulcers. Dose, four grains or more. 
 
 CARBONIUM SULPHURATUM, Carbonis 
 sulphuretum. 
 
 CARBUNCLE, Anthrax. 
 
 Carbuncle, Fungous, Terminthus. 
 
 Carbuncle of the Tongue, Glossanthrax — c. 
 Berry, Terminthus. 
 
 CARBUXCLED FACE, Gutta rosea. 
 
 CARBUXCULAR EXAXTHEM, Antbracia. 
 
 CARBUXCULATIO OCULI, Blepharanthra- 
 cosis. 
 
 CARBUXCULUS, Anthrax — c. Anginosus, 
 Cynanche maligna — c. Contagiosus, see Anthrax 
 — c. Gallicus, see Anthrax — c. Hungaricus, see 
 Anthrax — c, Labiorum et genarum. Cancer aqua- 
 ticus— c. Polonicus, see Anthrax — c. Pulmonum, 
 Xecropneumonia — c. Septentrionalis, see Anthrax. 
 
 Carbun'culus Rubi'xus. A red, shining, and 
 transparent stone, from the Isle of Ceylon; for- 
 merly employed in medicine as a preservative 
 against several poisons, the plague, &c. 
 
 Carbunculus Ulcusculosus, Cynanche ma- 
 ligna. 
 
 CARBURE DE SOUFRE, Carbonis sulphu- 
 retum. 
 
 CAR'CAROS, from KapKatpoi, 'I resound,' 'I 
 tremble.' A fever, in which the patient has a 
 general tremor, accompanied with an unceasing 
 noise in the ears. 
 
 CARCIXODES, Cancroid, Chancreuse. 
 
 CARCIXOIDES, Cancroid. 
 
 CARCI'SO'MA, Karkino'ma, Cancero'ma, Can- 
 cro'ma, from KapKivog, 'a crab.' Some authors 
 have thus called indolent tumours different from 
 cancer; others, incipient cancer; and others, 
 again, the species of cancer in which the affected 
 structure assumes the appearance of cerebral sub- 
 stance: but the majority of authors use Carcino- 
 ma in the same sense as Cancer. 
 
 Carcinoma Alveolare, Colloid — c. Epitheli- 
 odes. Epithelial Cancer — c. Fibrosum, Seirrhus 
 — c. Haematodes, Hsematodes fungus — c. Intesti- 
 norum, Enteropathiacancerosa — c. Lingua?, Glos- 
 socarcinoma — c. of the Liver, Hepatoscirrhus — c. 
 Medullare, Encephaloid — c. Melanodes, Cancer, 
 melanotic — e. Melanoticum, Cancer, melanotic — 
 c. Simplex, Seirrhus — c. Spongiosum, Encepha- 
 loid, Haematodes fungus — c. Scroti, Cancer, chim- 
 ney-sweepers' — c. Uteri, Metrocaroinoma, Metro. 
 
CARCINOMATOUS 
 
 168 
 
 CARDIECTASIS 
 
 scirrbus — c. Ventriculi, Gastroscirrhus ; see Gas- 
 trostenosis eardiaca et pylorica. 
 
 CARCINOMATOUS, Carcinomato'sus, (F.) 
 Carciiwmateux. Relating to Carcinoma. 
 
 CARCINOME 310 U ET SPONGIEUX, En- 
 ceplialoid — c. Sanglant, Encephaloid, Htema- 
 todes fungus. 
 
 CARCINOS, Cancer. 
 
 CARCINO'SES, (G.) Karcinosen, from xap- 
 Kti>os, 'a crab.' A family of diseases, according 
 to the classification of Fuchs; whicb embraces 
 the diiferent forms of Cancer. 
 
 CARCINOSUS, Cancerous. 
 
 CARCINUS, SPONGIOSUS, Encephaloid. 
 
 CARDAMANTICA, Cardamine pratensis, Le- 
 pidium Iberis. 
 
 CARDAMINDUM MAJUS, Tropaeolum 
 inajus. 
 
 CARDAMINE FONTANA, Sisymbrium nas- 
 turtium — c. Nasturtium, Sisymbrium nasturtium. 
 
 Cardami'ne Praten'sis, Cardami'ne, Carda- 
 man'tica, Nastur'tium Aquat'icum, Car'damon, 
 Call flos, Ihe'ria so])h'ia, Nastur'tium praten'se, 
 Ladies-smock, Cuckoo-flower, Common Bitter 
 Cress, Meadow Cress, (F.) Cresson elegant ou des 
 pres, Passerage saiivage. Ord. Crueiferse. The 
 flowers have been considered useful as antispas- 
 modics, in the dose of gj. to ^ij. They are pro- 
 bably inert. 
 
 CARDAMOM, Cardamo'mum (F.) Cardamome. 
 The name of the fruit of various species of 
 Amomum and Elettaria, respecting the botanical 
 history of which there has been much confusion. 
 
 CARDAiroM, Bengal, Amomum maximum — c. 
 Cluster, Amomum cardamomum — c. Greater, 
 Amomum Grana Paradisi — -c. Java, Amomum 
 maximum — c. Lesser, Amomum cardamomum — 
 c. Nepal, Amomum maximum — e. Round, Amo- 
 mum cardamomum. 
 
 CARDAMOME, Amomum cardamomum — c. 
 de la Cote de 3Ialahar, Amomum cardamomum. 
 
 CARDAMOMUM MAJUS, Amomum grana 
 paradisi — c. Minus, Amomum cardamomum — c. 
 Piperatum, Amomum grana paradisi — c. Rotun- 
 dum, Amomum cardamomum — c. Wild, Fagaras- 
 trum Capense. 
 
 CARDAMON, Cardamine pratensis. 
 
 CARDA^MUM MAJUS, Tropaiolum majus. 
 
 CARDERE, Dipsacus sylvestris — c. CultivS, 
 Dipsacus fullonum. 
 
 CARDIA, Kapiia, 'the heart.' Stom'aehus, 
 Orific"imn sinis'trum seu Ingres'sus supe'rior 
 seu Ostium cesophage'um ventric'uU. The supe- 
 rior or oesophageal orifice of the stomach. Also, 
 the Heart. 
 
 OAR'DIAC, Cardi'aeus, from KapBia, 'the 
 heart;' or the upper orifice of the stomach. (P.) 
 Cardiaque. Relating to the heart, Carditic, 
 Car'diul, (F.) Cardiaire, Carditique, — or to the 
 upper orifice of the stomach. A cordial. 
 
 Cardiac Ar'teries, Cor'onary arteries, (F.) 
 Arteres cardiaques ou coronaires, are two in 
 number. They arise from the aorta, a little above 
 the free edge of the sigmoid valves, and are dis- 
 tributed on both surfaces of the heart. 
 
 Car'diac Gan'glion, Gan'glion cardi'acum, 
 situated beneath the arch of the aorta, to the 
 right side of the ligament of the ductus arteriosus. 
 It receives the superior cardiac nerves of opposite 
 sides of the neck, and a branch from the pneu- 
 mogastric, and gives off numerous branches to 
 the cardiac plexuses. 
 
 Cardiac Nkrves, (F.) Nerfs cardiaques. These 
 are commonly three on each side; a superior, 
 middle, and inferior, which are furnished by cor- 
 responding cervical ganglia. Commonly, there 
 are but two on the left side ; the upper and mid- 
 dle, which draw their origin from the last two 
 cervical ganglia. Scarpa calls the superior — 
 
 Cardi' acus superjicia'lis ; the middle — C.profun'- 
 dus seu magnus ; and the inferior — C. 2)arvris 
 sen minor. There are, besides. Cardiac fil'aments, 
 (F.) Filets cardiaques, furnished by the par va- 
 gum or pneumo-gastric nerve, which become 
 confounded with the above. 
 
 Cardiac Plexus, Plexus cardi' acus. There 
 are three cardiac plexuses. 1. The great cardiac 
 plexus is situated upon the bifurcation of the tra- 
 chea. It is formed by the convergence of 
 the middle and inferior cardiac nerves; and by 
 branches from the pneumogastric, descendens 
 noni, and first thoracic ganglion. 2. The anterior 
 cardiac plexus is situated in front of the ascend- 
 ing aorta near its origin. It is formed by fila- 
 ments from the superior cardiac nerves; from 
 the cardiac ganglion ; and from the great cardiac 
 plexus. Filaments from this plexus ac-company 
 the left coronary artery, and form the anterior 
 coronary plexus. 3. 'Yhs posterior cardiac plexus 
 is seated upon the posterior part of the ascending 
 aorta near its origin. It is formed by numerous 
 branches from the great cardiac plexus. It 
 divides into two sets of branches, which together 
 constitute the ^:)osferi'oj' coronary plexus. 
 
 Cardiac Veins, Coronary Veins, (F.) Yeinea 
 Cardiaques, are commonly four in number; two 
 anterior and two posterior. They open into the 
 right auricle by one orifice, which is furnished 
 with a valve, and is called, by Portal, Sinus coro- 
 naire du Cosur. 
 
 CARDIACA CRISPA, Leonurus eardiaca — 
 c. Passio, Cardialgia — c. Trilobata, Leonurus 
 eardiaca — c. Vulgaris, Leonurus eardiaca. 
 
 CARDIACUS, Cordial, StomachaL 
 
 CARDIAGMUS, Cardialgia. 
 
 CARDI'AGRA, Affec'tio arthrit'ica cordis; 
 from Kapiia, 'the heart,' and aypa, 'seizure.' 
 Gout of the heart, Cardialgia. 
 
 CARDIAG'RAPHY, Cardiagra'pMa, from 
 KupSta, 'the heart,' and ypa(prj, 'a description.' 
 An anatomical description of the heart. 
 
 CARDIAIRE, see Cardiac. 
 
 CARDIAL, see Cardiac. 
 
 CARDIAL'GIA, Cardi'aca Passio, Col'ica 
 Yentric'idi, Spasmus Ventric'uU, Perodyn'ia, 
 Cordo' Hum, Cardilm' a, Dyspiepsodyn'ia, Dyspep- 
 siodyn'ia, Dyspeptodyn'ia, Peratodyn'ia, Car- 
 diod'yne, Gastrodyn'ia, GastraVgia, GasteraV gia, 
 Gastrocol'ia, Gustrod'yne, Pas'sio Cardi'aca, 
 Stomachal' gia, Stomacal'gia, Cardi'aeus 3forbus, 
 Cardiog'mus, Cardial' gy ; from Kaphia, 'the car- 
 diac orifice of the stomach,' and a\yog, ' pain.' 
 Pain of the stomach, (F.) Douleur de I' Estomac, 
 D. nevralgique de I' Estomac. Also, Heartburn, 
 (F.) Cardialgie, Ardeur d' Estomac, A. du Goeur. 
 Impaired appetite, with gnawing or burning pain 
 in the stomach or epigastrium, — Jlorsus seu ardor 
 ventric'uU, Morsus stom'achi. Soda, Limo'sis car- 
 dial'gia mordens, Rosio Stom'achi seu Ventric'- 
 uU : — a symptom of dyspepsia. 
 
 Cardialgia Inflammatoria, Gastritis — c. 
 Sputatoria, Pyrosis. 
 
 CARDIALbG"IA, from KapSia, 'the heart,' 
 and Xoyof, 'a discourse.' A treatise on the heart. 
 
 CARDIANASTROPHE, Ectopia cordis. 
 
 CARDIABCTIE, Heart, concentric hypertro- 
 phy of the. Contraction of the cavities of the 
 heart. 
 
 CARDIA'RIUS; same etymology. A name 
 given to a worm, said to have been found in the 
 heart or pericardium. 
 
 CARDIATOM'IA, from Kapiia, 'the heart.' 
 and Ttfivciv, 'to cut.' Dissection of the heart. 
 
 CARDIATROPHIA, Heart, atrophy of the. 
 
 CARDIAUXE, Heart, hypertrophy of the. 
 
 CARDIECTASIS, Dilatation of the heart, see 
 Aneurism of the heart — c. Partialis, Aneurism 
 of the heart. 
 
CARDIELCOSIS 
 
 169 
 
 CARIES 
 
 CARDIELCOSIS; from KapSia, 'tbe heart,' 
 and 'cXkos, ' an ulcer.' Ulceration of the heart. 
 
 CARDIETHMOLIPOSIS, Steatosis cordis. 
 
 CARDIEURYSMA, Aneurism of the heart. 
 
 CARDILiEA, Cardialgia. 
 
 CARDIM'ELECH, from KapSia, 'the heart,' 
 and l7fD, Melelc, (Hebr.,) ' a governor.' A sup- 
 posititious active principle seated in the heart, 
 and governing the vital functions. — Dolseus. 
 
 CARDIAL FLOVt^ER, Lobelia cardinalis — 
 c. f. Blue, Lobelia syphilitica. 
 
 CARDINAL PLANT, Lobelia cardinalis. 
 
 CARDINAMENTUM, Ginglymus, Gomphosis. 
 
 CARDIOBOTANUM, Centaurea benedicta. 
 
 CARDIOCE'LE, from Kap&ia, 'the heart,' and 
 Kri\ri, ' rupture.' Hernia of the heart, especially 
 into the abdominal cavity. 
 
 CARDIOGLASJE, Cardiorrhexis. 
 
 CARDIOD'YNE, Cardiodijn'ia ; from icapiia, 
 'the heart, the stomach,' and oivvrj, 'pain.' Pain 
 in the heart. Also, Cardialgia. 
 
 Cardiodyne Spasmodica Intermittens, An- 
 gina pectoris. 
 
 CARDIOG'MUS. Hippocrates employed this 
 word KapSidiyiio;, synonymously with cardialgia. 
 In the time of Galen it was used, by some writers, 
 for certain pulsations of the heart, analogous to 
 palpitations. Sauvages understood by Cardiog- 
 nius an aneurism of the heart or great vessels, 
 when still obscure. Also, Angina pectoris. 
 
 Cardiogmus Cordis Sinistri, Angina pectoris. 
 
 CARDIOMALA'CIA, Malaco'siS seu 3Ialacia 
 sen 3Ialax'is seu 3IoUit"ie8 Cordis, (F.) Ramol- 
 lissement du Occur, from xapiia, 'the heart,' and 
 fxoKaKia, ' softness.' Softening of the heart, caused 
 by inflammation of the organ, or a consequence 
 of some lesion of the function of nutrition. 
 
 CARDIOM'ETRY, Cardiomet'ria, from KupSia, 
 'heart,' and ^erpov, 'measure.' Measurement of 
 the heart, as by percussion and auscultation. 
 
 CARDIOMYOLIPOSIS, Steatosis cordis. 
 
 CARDIONCHI, see Aneurism. 
 
 CARDIONEURALGIA, Angina pectoris. 
 
 CARDION'OSUS, Morbus cordis, from KapSta, 
 ' heart,' and voaog, ' disease.' Disease of the heart. 
 Heart disease. 
 
 CARDIOPALMTJS, Cardiotromus. 
 
 CARDIOPERICARDITIS, see Pericarditis. 
 
 CARDIORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'mns cordis ; 
 from Kuphta, 'the heart, and pevna, ' defluxion, 
 rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the heart. 
 
 CARDIORRHEX'IS, Cardioclasie, (Piorry,) 
 Ruptu'ra cordis, (F.) Rupture du Coenr, from 
 Kitpoia, 'the heart,' and /Jiylty, 'laceration.' Lace- 
 ration of the heart. 
 
 CARDIOSCLEROSIE, (Piorry), from Kapha, 
 'the heart,' and <jK\r,pog, 'hard.' (P.) Endurcisse- 
 ment du Coeur. Induration of the heart. 
 ^ CARDIOSTENO'SIS, Stenocar'dia, from Kap- 
 OLu, 'the heart, and aTsvaan;, 'contraction.' Con- 
 traction of the openings of the heart 
 
 CARDIOTRAU'MA, from Kapha, 'the heart,' 
 and rpavpa, 'a wound.' A wound of the heart. 
 
 CARDIOT'ROMUS, Palpita'tio Cordis trep'- 
 {dans, Cardiojml'mus, Trepida'tio Cordis, from 
 Kapiia, 'the heart,' and rpo//of, 'tremor.' Rapid 
 and feeble palpitation or fluttering of the heart 
 
 CARDIOT'ROTUS, from Kapha, 'the heart,' 
 and nrpwo-Kw, 'I wound.' One affected with a 
 wound of the heart. — Galen. 
 
 CARDIPERICARDITIS, see Pericarditis. 
 
 CARD IT E, Carditis. 
 
 CARDITIC, Cardiac. Also, relating or be- 
 longing to carditis. 
 
 CARDI'TIS, from Kapha, 'the heart, and the 
 termination itis. Inflammation of the fleshy 
 substance of the heart. Empres'ma Cardi'tis, 
 Inflammn'tio Cordis, I. Cardi'tis, Cauma Cardi'- 
 tis, Mi/ocardi'tis, Cardi'tis 3Iuscula'ris, (F.) Li- 
 
 flammation du Ooeur, Oardite. The symptoms 
 of this affection are by no means clear. They 
 are often confounded with those of pericarditis, 
 or inflammation of the membrane investing the 
 heart. Carditis, indeed, with many, includes 
 both the inflammation of the external investing 
 membrane and that of the interior of the heart. 
 See Pericarditis, and Endocarditis. 
 
 Carditis Externa, Pericarditis — c. Interna, 
 Endocarditis — c. Muscularis, Carditis — c. Mem- 
 branosa. Pericarditis — c. Polyposa, Polypi of the 
 heart — c. Serosa, Pericarditis. 
 
 CARDO, Ginglymus. 
 
 CARDOPATIUM, Carlina acaulis. 
 
 CARDOPERICARDITIS, see Pericarditis. 
 
 CARDUUS ALTILIS, Cynara scolymus — c. 
 Benedictus, Centaurea benedicta — c. Brazilianus, 
 Bromelia ananas — c. Domesticus capite majori, 
 Cynara scolymus — c. Hemorrhoidalis, Cirsium 
 arvense. 
 
 Car'duhs Maria'nus, C. Ma'rice seu lac'teus, 
 Sil'ybum, S. 3£aria'num seu macida'tum, Car'tha- 
 mus macula'tus, Cir'sium macula' turn, Spina alba, 
 Common 3Iilk Thistle, Ladies' Thistle, (F.) 
 Chardon-Marie. Ord. Compositse. The herb is 
 a bitter tonic. The seeds are oleaginous. It is 
 not used. 
 
 Carduus Pineus, Atractylis gummifera — c. 
 Sativus, Carthamus tinctorius — c. Sativus non- 
 spinosus, Cynara scolymus — c. Solstitialis, Cen- 
 taurea calcitrapa — e. Stellatus, Centaurea calci- 
 trapa — c. Tomentosus, Onopordium acanthium — 
 c. Veneris, Dipsacus fuUonum. 
 
 CAREBARESIS, Carebaria. 
 
 CAREBA'RIA or CAREBARFA, Carcbare'- 
 sis, from Kapri, 'the head,' and fiapog, 'weight.' 
 Scordine'ma, Cereba'ria, Scordinis'mut, Cordine'- 
 ma. Heaviness of the head. — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 CARE'NA, Kare'na. The twenty-fourth part 
 of a drop. — Ruland and Johnson. 
 
 CARE-TAKER, Nurse. 
 
 CAREUM, Carum. 
 
 CAREX ARENARIA, Sarsaparilla Germanica. 
 
 CARIACOU. A beverage, used in Cayenne, 
 and formed of a mixture of cassava, potato, and 
 sugar, fermented. 
 
 CAR'ICA, from Caria, where the fig was culti- 
 vated. See Ficus carica. 
 
 Car'ica Papa'ya, Papaw tree, Paiop>aiu, (F.) 
 Pupayer. Ord. Cucurbitaceas. A native of 
 America, India, and Africa. The fruit has 
 somewhat of the flavour of the pumpkin, and 
 is eaten like it. The milky juice of the plant 
 and the seed and root have been regarded as 
 anthelmintic. 
 
 The papaw, of North America, belongs to the 
 order Anonacese, {Ano'na seu Asi'minn seu Por- 
 cel'ia seu Uva'ria tri'loha, Ficus In'dica, Orchi- 
 docar'pum arieti'num,) Custard Apple Family. 
 
 CAR'ICUM. Said to have been named after 
 its inventor Carious. Car'yeum. A detergent 
 application to ulcers ; composed of black helle- 
 bore, sandarach, copper, lead, sulphur, orpiment, 
 cantharides, and oil of cedar. — Hippocrates. 
 
 CARTE, Caries — e. des Dents, Dental gangrene. 
 
 CAR IE. Carious. 
 
 CA'RIES, Nigrit"ies Os'sium. An ulceration 
 of bone, Osieohelco'sis, — Ife-crosis being death of a 
 bone. It resembles the gangrene of soft parts. 
 Hence it has been termed Caries gangrano'sa, 
 GangrcB'na Ca'ries seu Os'sium, Tere'do, Arro'sio, 
 Euros, (F.) Carie. It is recognised by the swell- 
 ing of the bone which precedes and accompanies 
 it; by the abscesses it occasions; the fistulae 
 which form ; the sanious character, peculiar odour 
 and quantity of the suppuration, and by the evi- 
 dence aff'orded by probing. The most common 
 causes of caries are blows, the action of some 
 virus, and morbid diatheses. When dependent on 
 
CARIEUX 
 
 170 
 
 CAROTA 
 
 any virus in the system, this must be combated 
 by appropriate remedies. When entirely local, it 
 must be converted, where practicable, into a state 
 of necrosis or death of tlie affected part. For 
 this end, stimulants, the actual cautery, <fec., are 
 applied. 
 
 Caries, Dentium, Dental gangrene — c. Puden- 
 dorum, see Chancre — c. of the Vertebrte, Verte- 
 bral disease — ^c. Vertebrarum, Vertebral disease. 
 
 CARIEUX, Carious. 
 
 CARIM CURINI, Justitia ecbolium. 
 
 CARI'JSTA, ' a ship's keel.' The vertebral co- 
 lumn, especially of the foetus. Also, the breast- 
 bone bent inwards. Hence, Pectus carina'tum : 
 — the chest affected with such deformity. 
 
 CA'RIOUS, Cario'sus, Euro'des, (F.) Oarii, 
 Carieu.r. Affected with caries. 
 
 CARIUM TERR^, Calx. 
 
 CARIVE, Myrtus pimenta, 
 
 CARIVILLANDI, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 CARLINA, 'Carline Thistle.' 
 
 Carli'na Acaul'is, 0. chrtmcB'leon, ChamcB'- 
 leon album, Cai-dopa' tium, (F.) Carline sans tige. 
 Ord. Compositas, which grows in the Pyrenees, 
 and on the mountains of Switzerland, Italy, &c., 
 has been recommended as a tonic, emmenagogue, 
 and sudorific. 
 
 Carlina Chamteleon, 0. acaulis, 
 
 CARLINE SANS TIGE, Carlina acaulis. 
 
 CARLISLE SPRINGS. These are about five 
 miles from the town of Carlisle, in Pennsylvania. 
 The water is mildly sulphureous. 
 
 CARLO SANCTO RADIX. 'St. Charles's 
 Root:' found in Mechoachan in America. The 
 bark is aromatic, bitter and acrid. It is con- 
 sidered to be sudorific, and to strengthen the 
 gums and stomach. 
 
 CARLSBAD, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Carlsbad is a town in Bohemia, 24 miles from 
 Egra, celebrated for its hot baths. The water 
 contains about 47 parts in the 100 of purging 
 salts. It is a thermal saline; temperature 121° 
 to 167° Fahrenheit. The constituents are — car- 
 bonic acid, sulphate of soda, carbonate of soda, 
 and chloride of sodium. 
 
 GAR3IANTINE, Justitia pectoralis— c. Pecto- 
 rale, Justitia pectoralis. 
 
 CARMEN, ' a verse.' An amulet. A charm, 
 which, of old, often consisted of a verse. See 
 Charm. 
 
 CARMINANTIA, Carminatives. 
 
 CARMINATIVA, Carminatives. 
 
 CARMIN'ATIVES, Carminan'tia seu Cm-mi- 
 nati'vn, from carmen, 'averse,' or 'charm,' An- 
 tiphys'ica, Physago'ga, Xan'tica, Antiphyset'ics, 
 (F.) Carminatifs. Remedies which allay pain, 
 'like a charm,' by causing the expulsion of 
 flatus from the alimentarj'- canal. They are gene- 
 rally of the class of aromatics. 
 
 The Four Greater Carminative Hot Seeds, 
 Quat'uor sem'ina cal'ida majo'ra carminati'va, 
 were, of old, anise, carui, cummin, and fennel. 
 
 The Four Lesser Carminative Hot Seeds, 
 Quat'uor sem'ina cal'ida mino'ra, were bishop's 
 weed, stone parsley, smallage, and wild carrot. 
 
 CARMOT. A name given, by the alchymists, 
 to the matter which they believed to constitute 
 the Philosopher's stone. 
 
 CARNABADIA, Carum, (seed.) 
 
 CARNABADIUM, Cuminum cyminum. 
 
 CARNATIO, Syssarcosis. 
 
 CARNATION, Dianthus caryophyllus. 
 
 CARNBLIAN, Cornelian. 
 
 CARNEOLUS, Cornelian. 
 
 CAR'NEOUS, Garno'sus, Sarco'des, Incarna'- 
 tus, from caro, aarnis, 'flesh,' (F.) Charnu. 
 Consisting of flesh, or resembling flesh. 
 
 Carneous Columns, Fleshy Columns, Colum'- 
 
 ncB Carnea, of the heart, (F.) Colonnes charnues, 
 are muscular projections, situate in the cavities 
 of the heart. They are called, also, llus'culi 
 Papilla'res. 
 
 Carneous Fibres, Fleshy Fibres, Mus'cular 
 Fibres, (P.) Fibres charnues ou musculaires, are 
 fibres belonging to a muscle. 
 
 CARNEUM MARSUPIUM, Ischio-troehan- 
 terianus. 
 
 CARNIC'ULA. Diminutive of caro, carnis, 
 'flesh.' The s:um. — Fallopius. 
 
 CARNIPICA'TIO, Carnification — c. Pulmo- 
 num, Hepatisation of the lungs. 
 
 CARNIFICA'TION, Camifica'tio, from caro, 
 carnis, 'flesh,' and fieri, 'to become.' Trans- 
 formation into flesh. A morbid state of certain 
 organs, in which the tissue acquires a consistence 
 like that of fleshy or muscular parts. It is some- 
 times observed in hard parts, the texture be- 
 coming softened, as in Osteosarcoma. When it 
 occurs in the lungs, they present a texture like that 
 of liver. Such is the condition of the fcetal lung. 
 
 CARNIFOR'MIS ABSCESS'US. An abscess, 
 which ordinarily occurs in the neighborhood of 
 the articulations, and whose orifice is hard, the 
 sides thick and callous. — M. A. Severinus. 
 
 CARNIVOROUS, Camiv'orus, Sarcoph'a- 
 gus, Creatoph'agus, Creoph'agus, Zobph'agous, 
 Creatoph' agous, Creoph'agous, Kreatopih' agovs, 
 (F.) Carnivore; from caro, carnis, 'flesh,' and 
 voro, 'I eat.' That which eats flesh. Any sub- 
 stance which destroys excrescences in wounds, 
 ulcers, <fec. 
 
 CARNOSA CUTIS, Panniculus carnosus. 
 
 CARNOS'ITAS, (F.) Camosit^, horn caro, 
 carnis, 'flesh.' A fleshy excrescence. 
 
 CARNOS'ITIES OF THE URE'THRA, Car'- 
 uncles in the Ure'thra, (F.) Carnositis ou Caron- 
 cules de I'uretre. Small fleshy excrescences or 
 fungous growths, which were, at one time, pre- 
 sumed to exist in the male urethra, whenever 
 retention of urine followed gonorrhoea. 
 
 M. Cullerier uses the term Carnosite venSrienne 
 for a cutaneous, cellular, and membranous tu- 
 mour, dependent upon the syphilitic virus. See, 
 also, Polysarcia. 
 
 CARNOSUS, Carneous. 
 
 CARO, Flesh — c. Accessoria, see Flexor longus 
 digitorum pedis profundus perforans, (accesso- 
 rius) — c. Excrescens, Excrescence — c. Fungosa, 
 Fungosity — e. Glandulosa, Epiglottic gland — c. 
 Luxurians, Fungosity — c. Orbicularis, Placenta — 
 c. Parenchymatica, Parenchyma — c. Quadrata, 
 Palmaris brevis — c. Quadratus Sylvii, see Flexor 
 longus digitorum pedis profundus perforans, (ac- 
 eessorius) — e. Viscerum, Parenchyma. 
 
 CAROB TREE, Ceratonia siliqua. 
 
 CAROBA ALNABATI, Ceratonium siliqua. 
 
 CARODES, Carotic. 
 
 CAROLI, see Chancre. 
 
 CAROLI'NA, NORTH, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. In the counties of AVarren, Montgomery, 
 Rockingham, Lincoln, Buncomb, and Rowan, 
 there are mineral springs. They belong gene- 
 rally to the sulphureous or acidulous saline. 
 
 CAROLINA, SOUTH, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. They are numerous. Pacolet Springs, on 
 the west bank of Pacolet River, contain sulphur 
 and iron. Many, with similar properties, but not 
 held in estimation, are scattered about the State. 
 
 CAEONCULE, Caruncle — c. Lachrymale, Ca- 
 runcle. 
 
 CARONGULES MYRTIFORMES, Carun- 
 culae myrtiformes — c. de I'Urltre, Carnosities of 
 the urethra. 
 
 CARONGULEUX, Carunculous. 
 
 CAROPI, Amomum cardamomum. 
 
 CAROSIS, Somnolency. 
 
 CAROTA, see Daucus carota. 
 
CAROTIC 
 
 171 
 
 CARRE A U 
 
 CAROT'IC, Carot'icus, Carot'id, Carot'idus, 
 Oarotidae'iis, Caro'des, Com'atose, from Kapog, 
 'stupor,' (F.) Carotique. Relating to stupor or 
 car us — as a carotic state; — or to the carotids, (F.) 
 Carotidien. 
 
 Carotic Arteries, Carotids — e. Ganglion, 
 see Carotid Nerve — c. Nerve, Carotid Nerve — c. 
 Plexus, see Carotid Nerve. 
 
 CAROTICA, Narcotics. 
 
 CAROTICUS, Carotic. 
 
 CAROTID, Carotic. 
 
 CAROTID^US, Carotic. 
 
 CAROTIDIEN, Carotic. 
 
 CAROT'IDS, Carot'ides, Carot'iccB, Carotidea, 
 Caplta'les, Jugida'res, Sopora'les, Supora'ricB, So- 
 porif'ercB, SomnifercB, Apoplec'tices, Lethar'giccB 
 [Arte'ricB), Carot'id Ar'teries, Cephal'ic Ai'teries, 
 (F.) Arteres Carotides ; from Kapog, 'stupor,' [?]. 
 The great arteries of the neck, which carry blood 
 to the head. They are divided into, 1. Primitive 
 or common; the left of which arises from the 
 aorta, and the right from a trunk, common to it 
 and the subclavian. 2. External or pericephal'ic, 
 branch of the primitive, which extends from the 
 last to the neck of the condyle of the lower jaw; 
 and, 3. Internal, Arte'ria cerebra'lis vel enee- 
 }}hal'ica, another branch of the primitive, which, 
 arising at the same place as the external, enters 
 the cranium, and terminates on a level with the 
 fissure of Sylvius, dividing into several branches. 
 
 Carotid or Carotic Canal, Cana'lis Carot'icus, 
 Canal inflexe de I'os temp)oral — (Ch.), Canal caro- 
 tidien, is a canal in the temporal bone, through 
 which the carotid artery and several nervous 
 filaments pass. 
 
 Carotid or Carotic Foram'ina, Foram'ina Ca- 
 rot'ica, (F.) Trous carotidiens, are distinguished 
 into internal and external. They are the foram- 
 ina at each extremity of the Canalis Carotiens. 
 
 Carotid Ganglion, see Carotid nerve. 
 
 Carotid Nerve, Carot'io nerve, Nervus carot'- 
 icus. A branch from the superior cervical gan- 
 glion of the great sympathetic, which ascends by 
 the side of the internal carotid. It divides into 
 two portions, which enter the carotid canal, and, 
 by their communication with each other and the 
 petrosal branch of the vidian, form the carotid 
 2}lexus. They also frequently form a small gan- 
 gliform swelling on the under part of the artery 
 — the carotic or carotid or cavernous ganglion, 
 ganglion of Laumonier. 
 
 Carotid Plexus, see Carotid nerve. 
 
 GAROTTE, Daucus carota. 
 
 CAROUA, Carum (seed). 
 
 CAROUBIER, Ceratonium siliqua. 
 
 GAROUGE, see Ceratonium siliqua. 
 
 CARPAL, Carpa'lis; from /fupTros, 'the wrist.' 
 Belonging or relating to the carpus or wrist. 
 
 CARPASA, Carbasa. 
 
 CARPA'SIUM, Car'pasum, and Carp)e'sium. 
 Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen, kc, have given these 
 names, and that of Carpasos, to a plant, which 
 cannot now be determined, and whose juice, called 
 Opocar'jiason, orroKapnaaov, passed for a violent, 
 narcotic poison, and was confounded with myrrh. 
 
 CARPATHICUM, see Pinus cembra. 
 
 CARPE, Carpus. 
 
 CARPENTARIA, Achillea millefolium. 
 
 CARPENTER'S LEAF, Galax aphylla 
 
 CARPESIUM, Carpasium. 
 
 CARPHO'DES, Carphoi'de«, from /ca/j^o;, 'Jloc- 
 cidus,' and eiSo;, 'resemblance.' Flocculent, 
 stringy; — as mucus carj^hodes, flocculent or 
 stringy mucus. 
 
 CARPHOLOG"IA, Tilmns, Garpo7og"ia, Oro- 
 ci'dis'mus, Orocydis'mus, Flocco'rum vena'tio, Floc- 
 cile'gium, Tricholog"ia, Grocidix'is, Floccila' tion, 
 Floccita'iion, from Kap<pos, 'floe' cuius,' and Aeyw, 
 
 'I collect,' or 'pluck,' (F.) Carphologie. Action 
 of gathering floeculi. A delirious picking of the 
 bed-clothes, as if to seek some substance, or to 
 pull the floeculi from them. It denotes great 
 cerebral irritability and debility, and is an un- 
 favourable sign in fevers, <fec. 
 
 CARPHOS, Trigonella fuenum. 
 
 CARPIA, Linteum. 
 
 CARPIiEUS, Palmaris brevis. 
 
 CAR'PIAL, Car'pian, Carpia'nus, Garpia'lis, 
 (F.) Carpien. Belonging to the Carpus. 
 
 Car'pialLig'aments, (E .) Ligaments Carpiens, 
 are, 1. The fibrous fasciae, which unite the bones 
 of the carpus ; and, 2. The annular ligaments, 
 anterior and posterior. 
 
 CARPIAN, Carpial. 
 
 CARPIEN, Carpial. 
 
 CARPISMUS, Carpus 
 
 C A R P B A L S A M U M, see Amyris opobal- 
 samum. 
 
 CARPOLOGIA, Carphologia — c. Spasmodica, 
 Subsultus tendinum. 
 
 CARPO-METACARPEUS MINIMI DIGITI, 
 Adductor metacarpi minimi digiti — c. Metacar- 
 pien du petit doigt, Opponens minimi digiti — 
 c. Metacarpien du pouce, Opponens poUicis — e. 
 Phalangeus minimi digiti. Abductor minimi digiti 
 — c. Phalangien du pietit doigt, Abductor minimi 
 digiti, Flexor parvus minimi digiti — c. Phalangien 
 du pouce, Flexor brevis poUicis manus — c. S^is- 
 phalangien du pouce, Abductor poUicis brevis. 
 
 CARPO-PEDAL, from carjms, 'the wrist,' and 
 pes, p>edis, 'the foot.' Relating to the wrist and 
 foot. 
 
 Carpo-pedAL Spasm, Ger'ehral spasmod'ic 
 croup. A spasmodic affection of the chest and 
 larynx in young children, accompanied by gene- 
 ral or partial convulsions. The disease commonly 
 occurs between the third and ninth month, and 
 is characterized by excessive dyspnoea, accompa- 
 nied by a loud croupy noise on inspiration; the 
 thumbs being locked, and the hands and feet 
 rigidly bent for a longer or shorter period. The 
 seat of the disease is evidently in the cerebro- 
 spinal axis, primarily or secondarily : generally, 
 perhaps, it is owing to erethism seated elsewhere, 
 but communicated to the cerebro-spinal centre, 
 and reflected to the respiratory and other muscles 
 concerned. It seems to be connected with dental 
 irritation; and consequently, in the treatment, 
 where such is the case, the gums should be freely 
 divided ; after which, cathartics and revulsives, 
 with the use of narcotics and appropriate diet, 
 will generally remove the affection; for although 
 extremely alarming, it is often not attended with 
 great danger. See Asthma thymicum. 
 
 CARPOS, Fruit. 
 
 CARPOT'ICA, from Kapzos, 'fruit.' Diseases 
 aS'ecting impregnation. Irregularity, difiiculty 
 or danger produced by parturition : — the 3d or- 
 der, class Genetica, of Good. 
 
 CARPUS, Garptis'mus, BracMa'le, Rasce'ta, 
 Raste'ta, Rascha, Rase'ta, Raset'ta, Wrist, (Prov.) 
 Hand-wrist, Shackle, (F.) Garpe, Poignet. The 
 part between the fore-arm and hand. Eight 
 bones compose it (in two rows). In the superior 
 row there are, from without to within — the Sc.a- 
 pho'ides or navicxda're, Luna're or semihina'^-e, 
 Guneifor'me, and Orbicula're or pisifor'me. In 
 the lower row — Trape'zium, Trapezoi'des, Mag- 
 num, and Uncifor'me. 
 
 CARRAGEEN MOSS, Fucus crispus. 
 
 CARRE, Quadratus — c. de la Cuisse, Quad- 
 ratus femoris — c. des Lomhes, Quadratus lum- 
 borum — c. du Menton, Depressor labii inferioris 
 — c. du Pied, Extensor brevis digitorum pedis. 
 
 CARREAU, Tabes mesenterica. 
 
CARRE E 
 
 1 
 
 CARYOCOSTINUS 
 
 CARREE, see Flexor longus digitorum pedis 
 profundus perforans (accessorius). 
 
 GARRELET, (F.) Acus triangula'ris. A 
 Straight needle, two or three inches long, the 
 point of which is triangular; and which the 
 ancients used in different operations. Also, a 
 wooden, triangular frame for fixing a cloth 
 through which different pharmaceutical prepara- 
 tions are passed. 
 
 CAPiRON OIL, Linimentum aquae calcis. 
 
 CARROT, CANDY, Athamanta cretensis— c. 
 Deadly, Thapsia. 
 
 Carrot Plant, Daucus cajota. 
 
 GARTH AGENA BARKS, see Cinchona. 
 
 CARTHAMUS MACULATUS, Carduus ma- 
 rianus. 
 
 Car'thajius Tincto'rius, Am'yron, Cm'cus, 
 Crocus German' icus seu Saracen' ious, Oar'tha- 
 mum ojfficina'rum, Car'duus sati'vus, Safra'num, 
 Saffron-flower, Safflower, Safflow, Bastard Saf- 
 fron, Dyer's Saffron, (F.) Carthaine, Safran 
 bdtard, Carthame des Teinturiers. Ord. Com- 
 positas. Sex. Si/st. Syngenesia Polygamia sequa- 
 lis. The seeds are aromatic, cathartic, and diu- 
 retic; yet to the parroquet they are an article of 
 food; hence their name, Oraines de Parroquet. 
 The flowers. Car' thamus (Ph. U. S.), are employed 
 as a cosmetic, and are a reputed diaphoretic. [?] 
 
 CARTHEGOX, see Buxus. 
 
 CAR'TILAGE, Chondros, Car'tilago, Gristle, 
 (Sc.) Girsle, (F.) Cartilage. A solid part of the 
 ajaimal body, of a medium consistence between 
 bone and ligament, which in the foetus is a sub- 
 stitute for bone, but in the adult exists only in 
 the joints, at the extremities of the ribs, <to. 
 Cartilages are of a whitish colour, flexible, com- 
 pressible, and very elastic, and some of them 
 apparently inorganic. They are composed, ac- 
 cording to J. Davy, of .4i albumen, .55 water, 
 and .01 phosphate of lime. 
 
 CARTILAGE AN0NY3IE, Cricoid, (carti- 
 lage) — c. Epiglottic, Epiglottis — c. Muerone, Xi- 
 phoid Cartilage — c. Supra-arytenoid, Corniculum 
 laryngis — c. Tarsal, see Tarsus. 
 
 Cartilages, Articular, Obdn'cent Car'tilages, 
 invest bony surfaces, which are in contact; hence 
 they are called investing or incrtisling cartilages, 
 (F.) Cartilages de revetement ou d'encroiitement. 
 
 Cartilages, Cuneiforji, op the Laryxx, see 
 Cuneiform. 
 
 _ CARTILAGES E BURKES, see Eburnifica- 
 tion. 
 
 Cartilages, Interarticular, Mem's'ci, are 
 such as are situate within the joints, as in the 
 knee joint. 
 
 Cartilages, Intervertebral, see Interverte- 
 bral. 
 
 Cartilages of Ossifica'tiox are sEch as, in 
 the progress of ossification, have to form an in- 
 tegrant part of bones; as those of the long bones 
 in the new-born infant. They are termed tem- 
 porary ; the others being permanent. All the 
 cartilages, with the exception of the erticular, 
 are surrounded by a memlsrane analogous to the 
 periosteum, called Perichon'drium. 
 
 Cartilages of the Ribs are, in some respects, 
 only prolongations of the ribs. Those of the nose, 
 of the meatus auditorius, and Eustachian tube, 
 present a similar arrangement. Other cartilages 
 resemble a union of fibrous and cartilaginous tex- 
 tures ; hence their name Fihro-cartilages. 
 
 Cartilages of Saxtorlni, Corniculum La- 
 ryngis — c. Semilunar, see Semilunar — c. Sig- 
 moid, Semilunar cartilages — c. of Wrisberg, 
 Cuneiform Cartilages of the Larynx. 
 
 CARTILAGINES GUTTURALES, Aryte- 
 noid cartilages — c. Semilunares, Semilunar car- 
 tilages — c. Sigmoideffi, Semilunar cartilages. 
 
 Cartilaginis Arytenoid ,e.e Capituluji, Cor- 
 niculum laryngis. 
 
 CARTILAG"INOUS, Cartilagin'eus, Cartila- 
 gino'sus, Chondro'des, Chondrot'des, (F.) Carti- 
 lagineux. Belonging to, or resembling cartilage. 
 
 Cartilaginods Tissue, see Tissue. 
 
 CARTILAGO, Cartilage— c. Clypealis, Thy- 
 roid cartilage — c. Ensiformis, Xiphoid cartilage 
 — c. Gutturalis, Arytenoid cartilage — c. Innomi- 
 nata. Cricoid — c. Mucronata, Xiphoid cartilage — 
 c. Peltalis, Thyroid cartilage. Xiphoid cartilage — 
 c. Peltatus, Thyroid cartilage — c. Scutiformis, 
 Thyroid cartilage — c. Uvifer, Uvula — c. Xiphoi- 
 des, Xiphoid cartilage. 
 
 CARUM, from Caria, a province of Asia. 
 A'pium seu Bu'nium seu Ligus'ticum seu Ses'eli 
 carvi seu carum, Slum carvi, Ca'reum, Caruin 
 car'vi, Carvi, Ciimi' num p>raten' se, Cams, Car'uon, 
 the Car' away, (F. ) Carvi, Cumin des pres. Order, 
 Umbelliferse. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. 
 The seeds, Caraway seeds, (Prov.) Carvy seeds, 
 Carnaha'dia, Car'oua, Carum (Ph. U. S.), are 
 carminative. Dose, gr. x to Jij, swallowed whole 
 or bruised. The oil, Oleum Car'u'i, (F.) Huile de 
 carvi, has the properties of the seeds. Dose, gtt. 
 ij to vj. Aqua Car'ui, Car'away Water, is ofiB- 
 cinal in the Pharmacopoeias of London and 
 Dublin. 
 
 Carum Bulbocastanum, Bunium bulbocasta- 
 num. 
 
 CAR'UNCLE, Carun'cula, diminutive of caro, 
 'flesh.' A small portion of flesh, Sar'cium, Sar- 
 cid'ium. A fleshy excrescence, — Ecphy'ma car- 
 un'cula, (F.) Caroncule. 
 
 Caruncle, Carnositas. 
 
 Caruncles in the Urethra, Carnosities. 
 
 Carun'cula Lacryma'lis, (F.) Caroncule 
 lacry?nale. A small, reddish, follicular body, 
 situate at the inner angle of the eye. It secretes 
 a gummy substance. 
 
 Caruncula Seminalis, Gallinaginis caput. 
 
 CARUNCUL^ CUTICULARES, Nymphse. 
 
 Caruncul-E Majijiilla'res. The extremities 
 of the lactiferous tubes in the nipples. The 
 olfactory nerves have been so called by some. 
 
 Caruncul^ MyrtifOr'mes, C. Vagina'les, 
 Glan'dulcB myrtifor'mes, (F.) Caroncules myrti- 
 formes. Small, reddish tubercles, more or less 
 firm, of variable form, and uncertain number, 
 situate near the orifice of the vagina, and formed 
 by the mucous membrane. They are regarded 
 as the remains of the hymen. 
 
 CARUNcnL.E PAPiLLARES.Papillse of the kidney. 
 
 CARUN'CULOUS, Caruncular, (F.) Caroncu- 
 leux. Relating to caruncles or carnosities. 
 
 CARUON, Carum. 
 
 CARUS, Kapoi, Sopor caro'ticus. Profound sleep. 
 The last degree of coma, with complete insensi- 
 bility, which no stimulus can remove, even for » 
 few instants. Sopior, Coma, Lethargia, and Ca- 
 nts, are four degrees of the same condition. 
 
 Carus Apoplexia, Apoplexy — e. Asphyxia, 
 Asphyxia — c. Catalepsia, Catalepsy — c. Ecstasis, 
 Ecstasis — c. Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus in- 
 ternus — c. ab Insolatione, Coup de soleil — c. Le- 
 thargus. Lethargy — c. Lethargus cataphora, Som- 
 nolency — c. Lethargus vigil. Coma vigil — c. 
 Paralysis, Paralysis — e. Paralysis paraplegia, 
 Paraplegia — c. Veternus, Lethargy. 
 
 CARVI, Carum. 
 
 CARVY SEEDS, see Carum. 
 
 CARYA, Hickorj', Juglans regia — c. Basilica 
 Juglans regia. 
 
 CARYDION, Corylus avellana. 
 
 CARYEDON CATAGMA, see Fracture. 
 
 CARYOCOST'INUS, Caryocostinum. An elcc 
 tuary prepared of the costus and other aronjatio 
 substances, &c. It was cathartic. See Confoctio 
 scammoniae. 
 
CARYON 
 
 173 
 
 CASSUMUNIAR 
 
 CARYON, Juglans regia — c. Ponticon, Corylus 
 avellana (nut.) 
 
 CARYOPHYLLA, Geum urbanum. 
 
 CARYOPHYLLATA AQUATICA, Geum ri- 
 vale — c. Nutans, Geum rivale — c. Urbana, Geum 
 urbanum — e. Vulgaris, Geum urbanum. 
 
 CARYOPHYLLUM RUBRUM, Dianthus ca- 
 ryophyllus. 
 
 CARYOPHYLLUS AMERICANUS, see Myr- 
 tus pimenta — c. Aromaticus, Eugenia caryophyl- 
 lata — c. Hortensis, Dianthus caryophyllus — c. 
 Pimenta, Myrtus Pimenta — c. Vulgaris, Geum 
 urbanum. 
 
 CARYO'TI. The best kind of dates.— Galen. 
 
 CAS RARES (F.), Rare cases. This term is 
 used, by the French, for pathological facts, which 
 vary from what is usual. See a celebrated article 
 under this head in the Dictionnaire des Sciences 
 Medicales, Vol. IV. 
 
 CASAMUM, Cyclamen. 
 
 CASAMUNAR, Cassumuniar. 
 
 CASCADING, Vomiting. 
 
 CAS'CARA, CASCARIL'LA. Spanish words, 
 which signify harh and little bark, under which 
 appellations the hark (Cinchona) is known in 
 Peru. They are now applied to the bark of Cro- 
 ton cascarilla. The bark-gatherers are called 
 Oascarilleros. 
 
 CASCARILLA, Cascara, Croton cascarilla — c. 
 Carabaya, see Cinchonse cordifolite cortex — c. 
 Colorada, Cinchonse oblongifoliae cortex — c. Roxa, 
 Cinchonge oblongifoliae cortex. 
 
 OASCARILLEROS, see Cascara. 
 
 CASCHEU, Catechu. 
 
 CASE, Ca-psa, Theca, (F.) Caisse. This name 
 is given to boxes for the preservation of instru- 
 ments, or of medicines necessary in hospital or 
 other service. We say, e. g. — A case of amj^n- 
 tating, or of trejjanninc/ iiistrtiments. A pocket 
 case, Armamenta' rium piortnh' He, (F.) Trousse, 
 contains the smaller instruments in constant use 
 with the surgeon. 
 
 Case, Casxis, from cadere, casum, 'to fall.' 
 The condition of a patient; — as a case of fever, 
 &c. (F.) Observation. Also, the history of a 
 
 CASEARIUS, Cheesy. 
 
 CA'SEIN, Caseine, Ca'seum, Galaetine, Tyrine, 
 Lactalbu' men. Caseous matter, (F.) Caseine, Ma 
 tiere caseuse, from cnseus, 'cheese.' The only 
 nitrogenized constituent of milk. It is identical 
 in composition with the chief constituents of 
 blood, — fibrin and albumen, all being compounds 
 of protein. A similar principle exists in the vege- 
 table, Vegetable Casein or Legii'min, Veg"etable 
 Gluten. It is chiefly found in leguminous seeds 
 — peas, beans, lentils. Like vegetable albumen. 
 Casein is soluble in water; and the solution is 
 not eoagulable by heat. 
 
 Caseim, Blood Globulin — c. of the Saliva, see 
 Saliva — c. of the Small intestine, Albumiiiose. 
 
 CASEOSUS, Cheesy. 
 
 CASEOUS MATTER, Casein. 
 
 CASEUM, Casein. 
 
 CASEUS, Cheese — c. Equinus, Hippace. 
 
 CASEUX, Cheesy. 
 
 CASHEW, Anacardium occidentale. 
 
 CASHOO. An aromatic drug of Hindoostan, 
 gaid to possess pectoral virtues. 
 
 CASHOW, Catechu. 
 
 CASIA, Laurus cassia. 
 
 CASMINA, Cassumuniar. 
 
 CASMONAR, Cassumuniar. 
 
 CASSA, Thorax. 
 
 CASSADA ROOT. Jatropha manihot. 
 
 CASSAVA, BITTER, Jatropha manihot — e. 
 Root, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 CASSE AROMATIQUE, Laurus cassia — c. 
 en Batons, Cassia fistula — c. en Bois, Laurus cas- 
 
 sia — c. des Boutiques, Cassia fistula — c. Seni, 
 Cassia senna. 
 
 CASSE-LUNETTE, Centaurea eyanus, Cya- 
 nus segetum, Euphrasia officinalis. 
 CASSEENA, Ilex vomitoria. 
 CASSENOLES, see Quercus infectoria. 
 CASSIA, Laurus cassia — c. Absus, Absus — c. 
 Acutifolia, C. senna — c. Egyptian, C. senna — 
 c. Alexandrina, C. fistula — c. Bonplandiana, C. 
 fistula. 
 
 Cassia Cham^ecris'ta, Prairie senna, Par- 
 tridge Pea, Wild Senna, an indigenous plant, 
 Order, Leguminosse, which flowers in August. It 
 resembles Cassia Marilandica in properties. 
 
 Cassia Cinxamomea, Laurus cassia — c. Ca- 
 ryophyllata, Myrtus caryophyllata — c. Canella, 
 Laurus cassia — c. Egyptian, Cassia senna — c. 
 Excelsa, C. fistula. 
 
 Cas'sia Fis'tula, C. nigra seu fistula'ris seu 
 Alexandri'na seu excel'sa seu Bon2jlandiu'na, 
 Canna, G. soluti'va seu fistula, Cathartocar'pus, 
 Bactyrilo'bixim fis'tula. Purging Cassia, (F.) Casse 
 Caneficier, Caneficier ou en Batons ou des Bou- 
 tiques. The pulp of Cassia Fis'tula or Catharto- 
 car'pus Fistula, Pudding pipe tree; Fam. Legu- 
 minosse; Sex. Si/st. Deoandria Monogynia, Pnlpa 
 Cas'sicB, CassicB Aramen'tum, Caasim Fistulm 
 Pulpa, (Ph. U. S.), which is obtained in long 
 pods, is black, bright, and shining; sweet, slightly 
 acid, and inodorous. It is laxative in the dose 
 of 3iv to 5J. 
 
 Cassia Lancbolata, C. senna— c. Lignea, 
 Laurus cassia — e. Lignea Malabarica, Laurus 
 cassia. 
 
 Cassia MarilAN'dica, Senna America'na, 
 American or Wild Senna, Locust plant, (F.) Seiie 
 d'Amerique. The leaves of this plant are similar, 
 in virtue, to those of cassia senna. They are, 
 however, much inferior in strength. 
 
 Cassia Nigra, C. fistula — c. Officinalis, C. 
 senna — c. Orientalis, C. senna — c. Purging, Cas- 
 sia fistula. 
 
 Cassia Senna, C. lanceola'ta seu acutifo'lia 
 seu orienta'lis seu officina'lis. The name of the 
 plant which affords senna. It is yielded, how- 
 ever, by several species of the genus cassia. The 
 leaves of senna. Senna Folia, Senna Alexandri'- 
 na seu Ital'ica, Sena, Senna or Egyptian Cassia, 
 (F.) Sene, Casse Sine, have a faint smell, and 
 bitterish taste. The active part, by some called 
 Cathartin, is extracted by alcohol and water. 
 Their activity is injured by boiling water. They 
 are a hydragogue cathartic, and apt to gripe. 
 Dose of the powder, 9j to 3J. Infusion is the 
 best form. 
 
 The varieties of senna, in commerce, are Tin- 
 nivelly Senna, Bombay or Common India Senna, 
 Alexandrian Senna, Tripoli Seyuia, and Alejtpio 
 Senna. 
 
 CASSIiB ARAMENTUM, see Cassia fistula— 
 c. Fistula3 pulpa, see Cassia fistula — c. Flores, 
 see Laurus cinnamomum. 
 
 CASSIALA, llyssopus. 
 
 CASSIDA GALERICULATA, Scutellaria ga- 
 lericulata. 
 
 CASSIDE BLEUE, Scutellaria galericulata. 
 
 CASSINA, Ilex vomitoria. 
 
 CASSINE CAROLINIANA, Ilex paraguensis 
 — c. Evergreen, Ilex vomitoria — c. Peragua, Ilex 
 paraguensis. 
 
 CASSIS, Ribes nigrum, 
 
 CASSITEROS. Tin. 
 
 C A S S U M U ' N I A R, Casamu'nar, Casmonar, 
 Zernrnhet, Casmina, Ri'sagon, Ben'gale Indo'rum, 
 Bengal Root, (F.) Racine de Bengale. A root, 
 obtained from the East Indies, in irregular slices 
 of various forms ; some cut transversely, others 
 longitudinally. It is an aromatic bitter, and is 
 consequently tonic and stimulant. It was ouco 
 
CASSUVIUM POMIFERUM 174 
 
 CATAG0GL0SSU3I 
 
 considered a panacea, and has been referred to 
 Zingiber Cassumuniar, Z. Clifford' ia seu purpu'- 
 reum, Amo'mum monta'num, and to Zingiber Ze- 
 rtimbet seu spu'riurn, Arao'mum Zerumbet seu syl- 
 ves'tre. 
 
 CASSUVIUM POMIFERUM, Anacardium 
 occidentale. 
 
 CAS'SYTA FILIPORM'IS. A South African 
 plant, Nat. Ord. Laurinese, which is employed 
 by the Cape colonists as a wash in scald head, 
 and as an antiparasitic. 
 
 CAST, Contortion, Caste — c. in the Eye, see 
 Strabismus. 
 
 CASTALIA SPECIOSA, Xymphaa alba, 
 
 CASTANEA, Fagus castanea: see, also, Fagus 
 castanea pumila — c. Equina, iEsculus Hippocas- 
 tanum — c. Pumila, Fagus castanea pumila. 
 
 CASTE, (7ast, from (P.) Casta, 'race or lineage.' 
 A name given, by the Portuguese in India, to 
 classes of society, divided according to occupa- 
 tions, which have remained distinct from the 
 earliest times. Hence a separate and fixed order 
 or class. See Half-caste. 
 
 CASTELLAMARB DI STASIA, "WATERS 
 OF. Castellamare di Stabia is a town in Naples, 
 in the Principato Citra, 15 miles S. S. E. of Na- 
 ples. There are two springs, the one sulphu- 
 reous, the other chalybeate. 
 
 CASTELLETTO ADONO, "WATERS OF. 
 These waters, situate near Acqui, in Italy, are 
 sulphureous. 
 
 CASTERA-VIVENT, "WATERS OF. Cas- 
 tera-Vivent is a small village in the department 
 of Gers, near which is a cold acidulous chaly- 
 beate, and another which is sulphureous and 
 thermal. Temp. 84° Fahrenheit. 
 
 CASTIGANS, Corria-ent. 
 
 CASTIGLIO'NIA LOBA'TA, Pinoncillo tree. 
 A tree, which is cultivated in some parts of Peru, 
 and grows wild in abundance. Its beautiful fruit, 
 when roasted, has an agreeable flavour. When 
 an incision is made into the stem, a clear bright 
 liquid ilows out, which, after some time, becomes 
 black and horny-like. It is a very powerful 
 caustic. 
 
 CASTILLON" PO"WDERS, see Powders, Cas- 
 tillon. 
 
 CASTING, Vomiting. 
 
 CASTJOE, Catechu. 
 
 CASTLE-LEOD, WATERS OF. A sulphu- 
 reous spring in Ross-shire, Scotland, celebrated 
 for the cure of cutaneous and other diseases. 
 
 CASTOR BAT, Magnolia glauca. 
 
 Castor Fiber, Fiber, Cai.is Pon'ticus, the 
 Beaver. (F.) Castor. It furnishes the Castor. 
 Rondelet recommends slippers made of its skin 
 in gout. Its blood, urine, bile, and fat, were for- 
 merly used in medicine. 
 
 Castor Oil Plant, Ricinus communis. 
 
 CASTO'REUM, Chsto'rium, Castor, Castoreum 
 Ros'sicum et Canaden' se, from Kairrup, ' the bea- 
 ver,' quasi yaorup, from yaar-qo, 'the belly,' be- 
 cause of the size of its belly. [?] A peculiar 
 matter found in the follicles of the prepuce of the 
 beaver. Castor jiher. Its odour is strong, unplea- 
 sant, and peculiar ; taste bitter, subacrid ; and 
 colour orange brown. It is antispasmodic, and 
 often employed. Dose, gr. s to ^j- 
 
 CASTORINA, from Castoreum, 'castor.' Me- 
 dicines containing castor. 
 
 CASTPbANGULA, Scrophularia aquatica. 
 
 CAST RAT, Castratus. 
 
 CASTRA'TION, Castra'tio, Ec'torae, Ectom'ia, 
 Evira'tio, Excastra'tio, Etesticula'tio, Extirpa'tio 
 testiculo'rum, Detesta'tio, Exsec'tio viril'ium, Eu- 
 nuchis'mus, Orchotom'ia, Orcheot'omy, Orehidot'- 
 omy, Gelding, Spaying, (F.) Chatrure. The 
 operation of removing the testicles. Sometimes 
 the term is employed for the operation when per- 
 
 formed on one testicle ; hence the division into 
 complete and incomplete castration. Castration 
 renders the individual incapable of reproduction. 
 
 The term Spaying is usually restricted to the 
 removal of the ovaries. 
 
 CASTRATO, Castratus. 
 
 CASTRA'TUS, (I.) Castra'to, Ectom'ius, 
 Emascnla'tus, Evira'tus, Exsec'tus, Desec'tiis, Ex- 
 testicula'tus, Ex maribus, Intestab'ilis, Intesta'tns, 
 Spado, Apoc'opiis, Bago'os, from castrare, ' to 
 castrate.' (F.) Castrat, Chdtre. One deprived 
 of testicles. In the Southern States an animal 
 thus situated is said to be al'tered. This priva- 
 tion has a great influence on the development of 
 puberty. It is practised to procure a clearer and 
 sharper voice ; and in the East, the guardians of 
 the harem, for the sake of security, are converted 
 into Castra'ti or Eu'nuchs, tvvovxot. Eunuchs 
 have generally both testes and penis removed. 
 
 CASUS, Prolapsus, Symptom — c. Palpebrae 
 superioris, Biepharoptosis--e. Uvulse, Staphyloe- 
 dema, 
 
 CAT FOOT, Gnaphalium polycephalum. 
 
 CAT TAIL, Typha latifolia. 
 
 CATA, Kara, 'downwards,' 'after,' applied to 
 time : at times, it gives additional force to the 
 radical word. A common prefix, as in — 
 
 CATAB'ASIS, from KarajSaivu}, 'I descend.' 
 An expulsion of humours downwards. Also, a 
 descent, Bescen'sus, Bescen'sio, — as of the tes- 
 ticles, Beseen'sus testicnln'rura, 
 
 CATABLE'MA, KaTal3\riiia, [Kara and i^aXXeiv,) 
 'anything let fall, as a curtain,' Epiible' ma, Pe- 
 rible'ma. The outermost bandage which secures 
 the rest. 
 
 CATABTTHISMOMA'NIA, from KaraM^a- 
 fiog, 'submersion,' and //avia, 'mania.' Insanity, 
 with a propensity to suicide by drowning. 
 
 CATACASMUS, Cupping, Scarification. 
 
 CATACAUMA, Burn. 
 
 CATACAUSIS, Combustion, human— c. Ebri- 
 osa. Combustion, human. 
 
 CATACERAS'TICUS, from Karaiczpavvviii, '1 
 temper,' 'I correct.' The same as Epicerastieus. 
 A medicine capable of blunting acrimony of the 
 humours. 
 
 CATACHASMOS, Scarification 
 
 CATACHRISIS, Inunction. 
 
 CATACHRISTON, Liniment. 
 
 CATACH'YSIS, Effu'sio, Perfu'8io,iTom Kara- 
 Xtw, ' I pour upon. Affusion with cold water. — 
 Hippocrates. Decantation. 
 
 CATAC'LASIS, from KaTaK\ai;,u,, 'I break to 
 pieces.' Cam'pylum, Carnpylo'tis. Distortion, or 
 spasmodic fixation of the eyes ; spasmodic occlu- 
 sion of the eyelids. Also, fracture of a bone. — 
 Hippocrates, Vogel. 
 
 CATACLEIS', from Kara, 'beneath,' and kXch, 
 'the clavicle;' 'a lock or fastening,' KaraKXtuo 
 (Kara and kXciixi), I lock up. This term has been 
 applied to many parts, as to the first rib, the 
 acromion, the joining of the sternum with the 
 ribs, &e. 
 
 CATACLEI'SIS, same etymon. A locking up. 
 Theactof lockingup. Morbidunion of the eye-lids. 
 
 CATACLYS'MUS, Cataclys'ma,_ Cata'clysis, 
 from KaraKXv^eiv, 'to submerge, inundate.' A 
 Clyster. — Hippocr. Others mean, by the term, a 
 shower-bath, or copious afi'usion of water; Catm- 
 one'sis. Ablution, Bonche. 
 
 CAT^ONESIS, Catantlema, Cataclysmus. 
 
 CATAGAUNA, Cambogia. 
 
 CATAGLOSSUM, Glossocatochus. 
 
 CATAGMA, Fracture — c. Fissura, Fissure, see 
 Contrafissura — c. Fractura, Fracture. 
 
 CATAGMAT'ICS, Catagmat'ica remed'ia, from 
 Karay/ia, 'fracture.' Remedies supposed to be 
 capable of occasioning the formation of callus. 
 
 CATAGOGLOS'SUM, from Karayuv, 'to draw 
 
CATAGRAPHOLOGIA 
 
 175 
 
 CATAPLASMA 
 
 down,' and yXwaaa, 'the tongue.' An instrument 
 for pressing down tlie tongue. See Glossocato- 
 chus. 
 
 CATAGRAPHOLOGIA^Pharmacocatagrapho- 
 logia. 
 
 CATAIRE, ISTepeta, see Fremissement cataire. 
 
 CATALEN'TIA. Epilepsy, or some disease 
 resembling it. — Paracelsus. 
 
 CATALEPSIA SPURIA, Ecstasis. 
 
 CATALEP'SY, Catalep'sia, Catalep'sis, Cat'- 
 oche, Cat'ochiis, Cat'oeha Gale'ni, Iforbus atton'- 
 itus Cehi, Hyste'ria eatalep' tiea, Congela'tio, De- 
 ten' tio,Eiicatalep' sis, Aphonia — (Hippocr.,)jl ?!««'- 
 dia — (Antigenes,) Apprehen'sio, Contempjla'tio, 
 Stupor vi(/"ilana, Prehen'sio, Cams CataUj^' sin, 
 Oppres'sio, Comprehen'sio — (Ca;l. Aurelian,) Com- 
 pren' sio,Apoplex' ia Catalep' 8ia,from KaraXafifiavui, 
 'I seize hold of.' Trance[?'\ (¥ .) Catalei^sie. A 
 disease in which there is sudden suspension of 
 the action of the senses and of volition ; the 
 limbs and trunk preserving the different positions 
 given to them. It is a rare aflfectiou, but is seen, 
 at times, as a form of hysteria. Some of the 
 Greek writers have used the word in its true ac- 
 ceptation of a seizure, surprise, <fcc. 
 
 CATALEPTIC, Catalep'ticus, {¥.)Cataleptique. 
 Same etymon. Relating to catalepsy. Affected 
 with catalepsy. 
 
 Catalep'tic Method, 3Ieth'odus Catalep' tica. 
 The administration of external agents when in- 
 ternal agents are inapplicable. 
 
 CATALOT'IC, Catalot'icus, from (caraXoaM, 'to 
 break or grind down.' A remedy which removes 
 unseemly cicatrices. 
 
 CATAL'PA, C. Arbo'rea seu Cordifo'lia seu 
 Arbores'cens seu Bignonio'i'des seu Sj/rinr/csfo'lia, 
 Bigno'nia Oatal'pa, Cataio'ha tree, Bean tree, 
 Indian Bean. A decoction of the pods of the 
 Catalpa, an American tree, of the Order Bigno- 
 niaoeffi, Didynamia Angiospermia, has been re- 
 commended in chronic nervous asthma. 
 
 Catalpa Arborea, Catalpa — c. Bignonioides, 
 Catalpa — c. Cordifolia, Catalpa — c. Syringaefolia, 
 Catalpa. 
 
 CATAL'YSIS, Paralysis, from Kara, and aum, 
 *I dissolve or decompose.' The action of pre- 
 sence in producing decomposition ; as when a 
 body which possesses what has been termed ca- 
 talytic force — (F.) Force eatcdytique — resolves 
 other bodies into new compounds by mere con- 
 tact or presence, without itself experiencing any 
 modification. 
 
 CATALYT'IC, Catalyt'icus. Same etymon. 
 A medicine, which is presumed to act by the de- 
 struction or counteraction of morbid agencies in 
 the blood. — Headland. Sec Catalysis. 
 
 CATALYTIC FORCE, see Catalysis. 
 
 CATAMENIA, Menses — c. Alba, Leucorrhoea. 
 
 CATAME'NIAL, Catamenia'Us, Men'strual, 
 Men'struus, Men'struous, (F.) Menstruel, from 
 Kara, and yt-qv, 'a month.' Appertaining or rela- 
 ting to the catamenia. 
 
 CATAMENIORUM FLUXUS IMMODICUS, 
 Menorrhagia. 
 
 CATANANCE, Cichorium intybus. 
 
 CATANGELOS, Ruscus. 
 
 CATAiSTTLE'MA, Catantle' sis, from Kara, 
 'upon,' and avrKaw, 'I pour.' Cateone'sis and 
 C'atcBone'sis. Ablution with warm water. A fo- 
 mentation. — Moschion, Marcellus Empiricus. 
 
 CATAPAS'MA, from KaraTracao), ' I sprinkle.' 
 Catapas'tum, Consper'sio, Epipas'ton, Pasma, 
 Sympas'ma, Empas'ma, Diapas'ma, Xer'ion, As- 
 per'sio, Epispas'tum, Pulvia asperso'rius. A com- 
 pound medicine, in the form of powder, employed 
 by the ancients to sprinkle on ulcers, absorb per- 
 epiration, &c. — Paulus of Jilgina. 
 
 CATAPH'ORA, 'a fall,' from Karatpzpw, 'I 
 throw down.' A state resembling sleep, with 
 
 privation of feeling and voice. Somnolency. 
 According to others, Cataphora is simply a pro- 
 found sleep, which it is difBcult to rouse from — 
 in this sense being synonymous with Sopor. 
 
 Cataphora Coma, see Apoplexy — c. Hydro- 
 eephalica, see Apoplexy — c. Cymini, Theriaea 
 Londinensis — c. Magnetica, Somnambulism, mag- 
 netic. 
 
 CATAPHRAC'TA, Cataphrae'tes, a Cuirass, 
 from KaTa(ppaaaiii, ' I fortif}'.' A name given by 
 Galen to a bandage applied round the thorax 
 and shoulders. It was also called Quadri'ga. 
 
 CATAPIESIS, Depression. 
 
 CATAPINOSIS, Absorption. 
 
 CATAP'LASIS, from KaTairXacauo, 'to be- 
 smear.' The act of besmearing or overlaying 
 with plaster. 
 
 CAT'APLASM, Cataplas'ma, E-piplas'- 
 ma, Poidtice, Pultise, (Prov.) Puhey, from 
 KaraiiXaaaeiv, (vara and -nXaacctv, 'to form or 
 mould,') 'to besmear.' (F.) Cataplasme. A 
 medicine applied externally, under the form of a 
 thick pap. Cataplasms are formed of various in- 
 gredients, and for different objects. They may 
 be anodyne, emollient, tonic, antiseptic, irritating, 
 &c. A simple poultice acts only by virtue of its 
 warmth and moisture. Mealy, fatty substances, 
 leaves of plants, certain fruits, crumb of bread, 
 &c., are the most common bases. The chief poul- 
 tices which have been officinal are the following: 
 — Anodyne — c. Cicutse, c. Digitalis. Antiseptic 
 — c. Carbonis, c. Dauci, e. Fermenti, e, Acetosae, 
 c. Cumini. Emollient — c. Lini, c. Panis, c. Mali 
 maturi. Irritating — c. Sinapis, c. Sodii chloridi, 
 e. QuercHs Marinae. Tonic and Astringent — c. 
 Alum, c. Goulard, c. of Roses. 
 
 The Parisian Codex had some other ofBcinal 
 cataplasms : — 1. Catajjlas'ma anod'ynum, made of 
 poppy and hyoscyamus. 2. Cataplas'maemolliens, 
 made of meal and pulps. .3. Cataplas'ma ad sup- 
 7)2(ra<!o'nemj3ro?«oi;en'rfam, of pulp3 and basilicon. 
 4. Cataplas'ma ruhefa' ciens vel antipleurit'icum, 
 formed of pepper and vinegar. 
 
 The only cataplasms, the preparation of which 
 it is important to describe, are some of the fol- 
 lowing : — 
 
 Cataplasm, Alum, Coagulum Aluminosum — 
 c. of Beer grounds, see Cataplasma Fermenti — 
 c. Carrot, Cataplasma Dauci — c. Charcoal, Cata- 
 plasma carbonis ligni — c. of Chlorinated Soda, 
 Cataplasma Sodee chlorinatse — c. Flaxseed, Cata- 
 plasma Lini — c. Hemlock, Cataplasma Conii — e. 
 Ice, see Ice — c. Linseed, Cataplasma Lini — c. 
 Slippery Elm, Cataplasma Ulmi — c. Yeast, Cata- 
 plasma Fermenti. 
 
 CATAPLASMA, Cataplasm — c. Bynes, see C. 
 FermentL 
 
 Cataplas'ma Carbo'nis, Charcoal Cataplasm 
 or pnnltice, (F.) Cataplasme au charbon. Made 
 by adding powdered charcoal to a common cata- 
 plasm. Used as an antiseptic to foul ulcers, &e. 
 
 Cataplas'ma Cosi'i, Hemlock Cataplasm, maAe 
 by spreading soft Extract of Hemlock on sl fax- 
 seed poultice. Use-d in malignant painful ulcers. 
 
 Cataplas'ma Dauci, Carrot Cataplasm or 
 poultice. Made by boiling the root of the Carrot 
 until it is soft enough to form a poultice. Used 
 in fetid ulcers. 
 
 Cataplasma F^cul^ Ceeetisi^, see C. Fer- 
 menti. 
 
 Cataplas'ma Ferment'i, (7. efferves'cens, Yeast 
 Cataplasm or poultice, (F.) Cataplasme de Levure. 
 (Take of wheaten flour, ftj ; q/east and water, aa, 
 fgv. Expose to a gentle heat.) It is antiseptic, 
 and a good application to bruises. A Cataplasm 
 of Beer Grounds, Cataplasma Fa'cidcB Cerevis'im, 
 C. Bynes, is used in the same cases. 
 
 Cataplas'ma Lini, Linseed or Flaxseed Cata- 
 jdasm, (F.) Cataplasme de farine de Lin, Cata- 
 
CATAPLASMS 
 
 176 
 
 CATARACT 
 
 plasme commun, made by mixing hoiling water 
 with linseed meal, is an excellent emollient. 
 
 Cataplas'ma Sina'pis, C. Sina'peos, Shi'a- 
 2nsm, Mustard Catajjlasm, poultice or plaster, (F.) 
 Gataplasme de 3foutard ou Sinapisme. {Mtistard 
 and linseed meal or meal, aa, equal parts; warm 
 vinegar or toater, q. s.) A rubefacient and stimu- 
 lant applied to the soles of the feet in coma, low 
 typhus, &c., as well as to the pained part in rheu- 
 matism, &c. 
 
 Cataplas'ma Sod^e CnLORiNA'TiE, Cataplasm 
 of Chlo'rinated Soda. Made by adding solution of 
 chlorinated soda to a cojnmoxi flaxseed cataplasm. 
 Applied to foul, offensive ulcers. 
 
 Cataplas'ma Uljii, Slippery Elm poultice, is 
 made by adding boiling water to the powdered 
 bark of Ulmus fulva, stirring constantly. It is a 
 light, agreeable cataplasm. 
 
 GATAPLASME, Cataplasm — c. an Charhon, 
 Cataplasma carbonis ligni — c. de Purine de Lin, 
 Cataplasma lini. 
 
 CATAPLEX'IS, Stupor, from Kara, and nXriaaw, 
 'I strike.' The act of striking with amazement. 
 Appearance of astonishment, as exhibited by the 
 eyes in particular. See Hsemodia. 
 
 CATAPOSIS, Deglutition. 
 
 CATAPOTIA, Pilula. 
 
 CATAPOTION, Pilula. 
 
 CATAPSYX'IS, from Kara4.uXu,' I refrigerate.' 
 Perii^syx'is. Considerable coldness of the body, 
 without rigor and horripilatio. — Galen. Perfric'- 
 tio. Coldness in the extreme parts of the limbs. 
 — Hippocrates. 
 
 CATAPTO'SIS, Deciden'tia, a fall. This word, 
 at times, expresses the fall of a patient, attacked 
 with epilepsy or apoplexy ; at others, the sudden 
 resolution of a paralytic limb. 
 
 CATAPULTA VIRILIS, Penis. 
 
 CATAPUTIA MINOR, Euphorbia lathyris, 
 Ricinus communis. 
 
 CAT'ARACT, Catarac'ta, Catarrhac'ia, Suffu'- 
 sio Oc'nli, S. Lentis crystall'inee, Phtharma cata- 
 rac'ta, Cali'go lentis, Gutta opa'ca, Hypoc'hyma, 
 Ho'poc'hysis, Hopoph'ysis, Phacoscoto'tua, Parop'- 
 sis catarac'ta, Glauco' ma Woulhou'si, from Kara- 
 pao-ffEiv, {Kara and pauauv,) 'to tumble down.' A 
 deprivation of sight, which comes on as if a veil 
 fell before the eyes. Cataract consists in opacity 
 of the crystalline lens or its capsule, which pre- 
 vents the passage of the rays of light, and pre- 
 cludes vision. The causes are obscure. Diag- 
 nosis, — The patient is blind, the pupil seems 
 closed by an opake body, of variable colour, but 
 commonly whitish : — the pupil contracting and 
 dilating. Cataracts have been divided, by some, 
 into spurious and genuine. The formei-, where 
 the obstacle to vision is between the capsule of 
 the lens and the uvea: the latter, where it is in 
 the lens or capsule. A lenticular cataract is 
 where the affection is seated irt the lens ; — a cap- 
 sular or vtemhranous, in the capsule. The cap- 
 sidar is divided again, by Beer, into the anterior, 
 jjosterior, and complete capsular cataract. When 
 the capsule is rendered opake, in consequence 
 of an injury, which cuts or ruptures any part of 
 it, it thickens, becomes leathery, and has been 
 called Catarac'ta arida siliqno'sa. Catarac'ta 
 Morgagnia'na lactea seu purifnr'mis is the milky 
 variety, in which the crystalline is transformed 
 into a liquid similar to milk, (P.) Cataracts lai- 
 teuse ; or, as generally defined, in which there is 
 opacity of the fluid situate between the lens and 
 its capsule. The cap'sulo-lentic' ular affects both 
 lens and capsule, {Achrystallodiaphanie, Adia- 
 phanie perichrystaltique — Piorry,) and Beer con- 
 ceives the liquor Morgagni, in an altered state, 
 m.ay contribute to it. Cataracts are also called 
 hard, soft [Phacomala' cia,), stony, (F. pierreuse,) 
 milky or cheesy [laiteuse ou caseuse,), Galactocata- 
 
 rac'ta, Catarac'ta lactic'olor, according to their 
 density : — white, pearly, yellow, brown, gray, 
 green, black, (F.) blanche, perlee, jaune, hrune, 
 grise, verie, tioire, according to their colour : — 
 fixed or vacillating — catarac'ta capsulo-lenticn- 
 la'ris fixa vel trem'ula, (P.) fixe ou branlante, 
 according as they are fixed or movable behind 
 the pupil. They are likewise called Catarac'tce 
 marmora'ciee, fenestra'tce, stella'tcB, puncta'tcB, 
 dimidia'tcB, <fcc., according to the appearances 
 they present. 
 
 They may be simple, or complicated with 
 adhesion, amaurosis, specks, <fcc. ; and primary 
 or primitive, when opake before the operation; — 
 secondary, when the opacity is the result of the 
 operation. 
 
 The following classification of cataracts is by 
 M. Desmarres : — 
 
 Class I. — True Cataracts. 
 
 r 
 
 Lenticular 
 Cataracts. 
 
 Hard. 
 
 Soft. 
 
 Liquid. 
 
 C Green, 
 j Black, 
 j Osseous. 
 [ Stony or chalky, 
 f Striated, etiolated, 
 barred, dehis- 
 cent, with three 
 branches, <fcc. 
 - Disseminated, or 
 dotted. 
 Congenital. 
 Traumatic. 
 [ Glaucomatous. 
 ["Morgagnian, or 
 J interstitial. 
 I Cystic, purulent, 
 I fetid. 
 Other varie- r Shaking, or fl.oat- 
 ties,soft,hard, < ing. 
 or liquid. (Luxated. 
 
 7, r, 1 r K 1. • r Pyramidal or ve- 
 
 h. Capsular f Anterior. J ■'^ 
 
 Cataracts. 1 Posterior. 1 . *?, ^^].' 
 
 c. capsuio- r ^ ^'" '^iiiq""se. 
 
 xTor,f -r. 1 ) ^^^ the varieties of lenticular and 
 \ enLricuiar -i i .-, , , 
 
 Cataracts. ( capsular Cataracts. 
 
 d. Secondary I ^^"^Jl'j^';^'-- 
 
 Cataracts. ] r^ ^ \ i- ■, 
 
 [^ Capsulo-lenticular. 
 
 Class II. — False Gaiaracts. 
 
 Fibrinous. 
 Purulent. 
 Sanguineous. 
 Pigmentous. 
 
 Cataract is commonly a disease of elderly indi- 
 viduals, although, not unfrequently, congen'ital. 
 It forms slowly: objects are at first seen as 
 through a mist; light bodies appear to fly before 
 the eyes, and it is not until after months or years 
 that the sight is wholly lost. jSTo means will ob- 
 viate the evil except an operation, which consists 
 in removing the obstacle to the passage of the 
 light to the retina. Four chief methods are em- 
 ployed for this purpose. 1. Couching or Deptres- 
 sion, Hycdonix'is, Hyalonyx'is, (F.) Abaisseinenf, 
 Deplacement de la Cataracte. This consists in 
 passing a cataract needle through the sclerotica 
 and subjacent membranes, a little above the 
 transverse diameter of the eye ; and at about two 
 lines' distance from the circumference of the 
 transparent cornea, until the point arrives in the 
 posterior chamber of the eye. With this the 
 crystalline is depressed to the outer and lower 
 part of the globe of the eye, where it is left. 
 2. By absorption, — by the French termed broic- 
 ment or bruising. This is performed in the same 
 manner as the former ; except that, instead of 
 
CATARACTA 
 
 177 
 
 CATARTISMUS 
 
 turning the crystalline from the axis of the visual 
 rays, it is divided by the cutting edge of the 
 needle, and its fragments are scattered in the 
 humours of the eye, where they are absorbed. 
 3. By extraction, which consists in opening, with 
 a particular kind of knife, the transparent cornea 
 and the anterior portion of the capsule of the 
 crystalline ; and causing the lens to issue through 
 the aperture. Each of the processes has its ad- 
 vantages and disadvantages, and all are used by 
 surgeons. 4. Some, again, pass a cataract needle 
 through the transparent cornea and pupil to the 
 crystalline, and depress or cause its absorption. 
 This is called Ceratonyxis. See, also, Reclination. 
 Cataract, Black, Amaurosis — c. Capsular, 
 see Cataract — c. Capsulo-lenticular, see Cataract 
 
 — c. Central, Centradiaphanes — c. Cheesy, see 
 Cataract— c. Congenital, see Cataract — c. Com- 
 plicated, see Cataract — c. Fixed, see Cataract — 
 c. GenuinCj see Cataract — e. Hard, see Cataract 
 
 — c. Lenticular, see Cataract — c. Membranous, 
 see Cataract — c. Milky, see Cataract — c. Opake, 
 see Cataract — c. Primary, see Cataract. — c. Primi- 
 tive, see Cataract— c. Secondary, see Cataract — ■ 
 c. Simple, see Cataract — c. Soft, see Cataract — c. 
 Spurious, see Cataract — c. Stony, see Cataract — 
 c. Vacillating, see Cataract. 
 
 CATARACTA, Cataract — c. Arida siliquosa, 
 see Cataract — c. Capsulo-lenticularis, see Cata- 
 ract — c. Centralis, Centradiaphanes — c. Dimidi- 
 ata, see Cataract — c. Fenestrata, see Cataract — 
 c. Glauca, Glaucoma — e. Lacticolor, see Cataract 
 
 — c. Liquida, Hygrocataracta — c. Marmoracea, 
 see Cataract — c. Morga.gniana, see Cataract — c. 
 Nigra, Amaurosis — c. Punctata, see Cataract- — ^c. 
 Stellata, see Cataract. 
 
 CATARACTE, ABAISSEMENT DE LA, see 
 Cataract — o. Blanche, see Cataract — c. Branlante, 
 see Cataract — c. Bnine, see Cataract— c. Caseuse, 
 see Cataract — c. Deplacement de la, see Cataract 
 — «. Fixe, see Cataract — c. Grise, see Cataract — 
 c. Jaxine, see Cataract — e. Laiteuse, see Cataract 
 
 — c. Noire, Amaurosis, see Cataract — c. Perlee, 
 see Cataract — e. Pierreuse, see Cataract — c. Verte, 
 see Cataract. 
 
 CATARACTE (F.), Catarac'tus, Catarae'td 
 vitia'tus. One affected with cataract. The French 
 use this term, both for the eye affected with cata- 
 ract and the patient himself. 
 
 CATARIA, see Nepeta — -c. Vulgaris, Nepeta. 
 
 CATARRH', Catar'rhns, Catar'rhopiis, Catar- 
 rheu'ma, Rheuma, Bejlux'io, Catastag'yaia,Phleg- 
 matorrhag"ia,P}degmatorrhoe'a, from Kara, 'down- 
 wards,' and pEu, ' I flow.' A discharge of fluid 
 from a mucous membrane. The ancients consi- 
 dered catarrh as a simple flux, and not as an in- 
 flammation. Generally it partakes of this cha- 
 racter, however. Catarrh is, with us, usually 
 restricted to inflammation of the mucous mem- 
 brane of the air-passages : the French extend it 
 to that of all mucous membranes; (F.) Flux 
 viuqueux. Fluxion catarrhale. 
 
 Catarrh, in the English sense, Broncho catar'- 
 rhns, Pid'monary Catarrh, Lung fever (vul- 
 garly), Rheuma Pec'toris, Destilla'tio Pec'toris, 
 Catar'rhus Pec'toris, C. Pulmo'num, 0. Pulnio- 
 na'lis, 0. Bronchia'lia, Blennop'tysis, Tus'sis ca- 
 iarrha'lis 8im23lex, Grave'do (of many), Fehris 
 Catarrha'lis, Blennotho' rax, Bronchi'tis, Catar'- 
 rhus d Fri'gore, a Cold, (Prov.) Cooth, (P.) Ca- 
 tarrhe pulmonaire, Fievre Catarrhale, Rhume de 
 Poitrine, is a superficial inflammation of the mu- 
 cous follicles of the trachea and bronchi. It is com- 
 monly an afi'ection of but little consequence, but 
 apt to relapse and become chronic. It is charac- 
 terized by cough, thirst, lassitude, fever, watery 
 eyes, with increased secretion of mucus from the 
 air-passages. The antiphlogistic regimen and 
 time usually remove it. Sometimes, the inflam- 
 12 
 
 mation of the bronchial tubes is so great as to 
 prove fatal. 
 
 Catarrh, Acute, of the Uterus, see Metri- 
 tis — c. Chronic, Bronchitis, (chronic) — c. Dry, 
 see Bronchitis — c. Pulmonary, Bronchitis, Ca- 
 tarrh — c. Rose, Fever, hay^c. Suffocating ner- 
 vous, Asthma Thymicum — c. Summer, Fever, 
 hay. 
 
 Catarrh', Epidem'ic, Catar'rhus epidem'icus, 
 C. d conta'gio, Rheuma epidem'icum. Catarrh 
 prevailing owing to some particular Constitutio 
 aeris, and affecting a whole country, — Influenza. 
 
 CATARRHACTA, Cataract. 
 
 CATAR'RHAL, Catarrha'lis, Catarrho'icus, 
 Catarrho'it'icU'S, Catarrhoet'icus. Relating to 
 catarrh, — as Catarrhal Fever. 
 
 CATARRHE AIGUE BE U UTERUS, see 
 Metritis — c. Buccal, Aphthae — c. Convulsive, 
 Bronchitis — c. Gastrique, Gastritis — c. Guttural, 
 Cynanche tonsillaris — c. Intestinal, Diarrhoea — 
 c. Laryngien, Laryngitis — c. Nasal, Coryza — 
 c. Oculaire, Ophthalmia — -c. de l' Oreille, Otir- 
 rhcea — c. Pharyngien, Cynanche parotidea — c. 
 Pituiteux, Bronchorrhoea — c. Pulmonaire, Ca- 
 tarrh — c. Sec ; see Bronchitis — c. Stomacal, Gas- 
 trorrhoea — e. Uterin, Leucorrhcea — c. Ye' steal, 
 Cystorrhoea. 
 
 CATARRHEC'TICA, from Karappvywiii, 'I 
 break down.' Remedies considered proper for 
 evacuating; — as diuretics, cathartics, <&c. — Hip- 
 pocrates. 
 
 CATARRHEUMA, Catarrh. 
 
 CATARRHEUX{¥.) Catarrho'sus. One sub- 
 ject to catarrh ; affected with catarrh. 
 
 CATARRHEX'IA, Catarrhex'is ; same ety- 
 mon as Catarrhectica. The action of Catarrhec- 
 tiea. Also, effusion; evacuation of the bowels. 
 
 CATARRHEXIS, Catarrhexia, Excrement— c. 
 Vera, Ha?matnr;hezia. 
 
 CATARRHCEA, Rheumatism. 
 
 CATARRHOET'ICUS, from Karapficio, 'I flow 
 from.' An epithet for disease produced by a 
 discharge of phlegm; catarrhal. 
 
 CATAR'RHOPA PHY'MATA, from Karappo- 
 TTOs, KarappoTZTig, ' sloping downwards.' Tubercles 
 tending downwards, or with their apices down- 
 wards. 
 
 CATARRHOPHE, Absorption. 
 
 CATARRHOPHESIS, Absorption. 
 
 CATARRHO'PIA, Catar'rhysis, from Kara, 
 'downwards,' and por.-q, 'inclination.' An afflux 
 of fluids towards the inferior parts, and especi- 
 ally towards the viscera of the abdomen. The 
 Greek word avappofria expresses an opposite phe- 
 nomenon, or a tendency towards the upper parts. 
 
 CATARRHOPUS, Catarrh. 
 
 CATARRHOS'CHESIS, from Karappog, 'ca- 
 tarrh,' and o-;^£o-(?, 'suppression.' The suppres- 
 sion of a mucous discharge. 
 
 CATARRHUS, Defluxion, Tussis— c. ^stivus, 
 fever, hay — c. Bellinsulanus, Cynanche paroti- 
 dfea — c. Bronchialis, Catarrh — c. Bronchiorum. 
 Bronchitis — c. a Contagio, Influenza — c. Epi- 
 demicus, Influenza, Catarrh, epidemic — c. Geni- 
 talium, Leucorrhcea — c. Gonorrhoea, Gonorrhoea 
 — c. Intestinalis, Diarrhoea — c. Laryngeus, La- 
 ryngo-catarrhus — c. ad Nares, Coryza — c. Nasa- 
 lis, Coryza — c. Pulmonalis, Catarrh — c. Pulmo- 
 num. Bronchitis, Catarrh — c. Senilis, Bronchitis, 
 (chronic) — c. Suflfocativus Barbadensis, C. trache- 
 alis — c. Trachealis, Laryngo-catarrhus — c. Ure- 
 thrae. Gonorrhoea pura — c. Urethralis, Gonor- 
 rhoea — c. Vesicae, Cystorrhoea. 
 
 CATARRHYSIS, Catarrhopia, Defluxion. 
 
 CATARTISIS, Catartismus. 
 
 CATARTIS'MUS, Catar' tisis, from KarapTi^eiv, 
 ' to repair, replace.' The coaptation of a luxated 
 or fractured bone, or hernia. 
 
CATASARCA. 
 
 178 
 
 CATOCIlE 
 
 CATASARCA, Anasarca. 
 
 CATASCEUB, Structure. 
 
 CATASCHASMUS, Bloodletting, Scarification. 
 
 CATASTAGMUS, Catarrh, Coryza. 
 
 CATASTALAGMUS, Coryza, Distillation. 
 
 CATASTALTICA, HEematostatica, Sedatives, 
 Styptics. 
 
 CATAS'TASIS, from KaSiarrnjn, 'I establish.' 
 The constitution, state, condition, <fec., of any 
 thing. — Hippocrates. Also, the reduction of a 
 bone. See Constitution, and Habit of Body. 
 
 CATAT'ASIS, from kututuvo), 'I extend.' Ex- 
 tension. The extension and reduction of a frac- 
 tured limb. — Hippocrates. 
 
 CATATHLIPSIS, Oppression. 
 
 CATAWBA TREE, Catalpa. 
 
 CATAXIS, Fracture. 
 
 CATCH FLY, Apocynum androsaemifolium, 
 Silene Virginica. 
 
 CATCHING, see Contagious. 
 
 CATCHUP, Ketchup. 
 
 CAT'ECHU. The extract of the wood of 
 Aca'cia seu Mimo'sa Cat'echn, Caml'cliu, and of 
 the leaves of Nau'clea seu Unca'ria gnmhir, ori- 
 ental trees. The drug is also called Extrac'tum 
 Catechu, Terra Japon'ica, Japan Earth, Cascheu, 
 Cadtchii, Cashoiv, Caitehu, Cnstjoe, Cacau, Cate, 
 Kaath, Ciiti, Ciitch, Coira, Siiccns Japon'icus, 
 Gamhir, (F.) Cachoa. It is a powerful astringent, 
 and is used in diarrhoea, intestinal hemorrhage, 
 &o. Dose, gr. xv to ^ss, in powder. 
 
 Catbchu, Square, see Nauclea gambir. 
 
 CATEIAD'ION, from Kara, and eia, 'a blade of 
 grass.' A long instrument thrust into the nostrils 
 to excite hemorrhage in headach. — Aretseus. 
 
 CATENAE MUSCULUS, Tibialis antieus. 
 
 CATEONESIS, Catantlema. 
 
 CATGUT, Galega Virginiana. 
 
 CATH^'BESIS, KaBaipeais, 'subtraction, di- 
 minution.' Extenuation or exhaustion, owing to 
 forced exercise. — Hippocrates. The action of 
 
 CATH^RETICUS, Catheretic. 
 
 CATHARETICUS, Cathartic. 
 
 CATHARISMOS, Depuration. 
 
 CATHAR'MA, Purgament'vm. The matter 
 evacuated by a purgative, or by spontaneous 
 purging : also, a cathartic. 
 
 CATHAR'MUS. Same etymon ; a purgation. 
 — Hippocrates. Also, the cure of a disease by 
 magic, &c. 
 
 CATHAR'SIS, from KaS-atpeiv, (kuB' and aipetv, 
 'to take away,') 'to purge.' Purga'tio, Apoca- 
 thar'sis, Copropho'ria, Coprophore'sis. A natu- 
 ral or aTtifi.da.\ purgation of any passage; — mouth, 
 anus, vagina, &c. 
 
 CATHAR'TIC, Cathar'ticus, Cathare'ticus, 
 Cathar'ma, Coprocrit'tcum, Coprago' gum, Lustra- 
 men'tum, Purgana medicament' um, Trichilium, 
 Dejecto'rium Remed'ium, Eccathar'ticus, Hi/pactt- 
 cus, Hypochoret' icMS, Alvum evac'uans, Hypel'atos, 
 Lapae'ticus, Apocathar'ticus. Same etymon. (F.) 
 Cathartique. A medicine which, when taken in- 
 ternally, increases the number of alvine evacua- 
 tions. Some substances act upon the upper part 
 of the intestinal canal, as calomel and colocynth ; 
 others, on the lower part, as aloes ; and some on 
 the whole extent, as saline purgatives. Hence a 
 choice may be necessary. Cathartics are divided 
 into purgatives and laxatives. The following is 
 a list of the chief cathartics : 
 
 Aloe, Cassia Marilandiea, Colocynthis, Elate- 
 rium, Gambogia, Hydrargyri CWoridum mite, 
 Hydrargyri Oxydum nigrum, Hydrarg. cum 
 Magnesia, Jalapa, Juglans, Magnesia, Magnesise 
 Carbonas, Magnesise Sulphas, Manna, Mannita, 
 Oleum Euphorbiie Lathyridis, Oleum Ricini, 
 Oleum Tiglii, Podophyllum, Potassse Acetas, Po- 
 tissac Bisulphas, Potassse Sulphas, Potassas Bi- 
 
 tartras, Potassae Tartras, Rheum, Scammonium, 
 Senna, Sinapis, Sodas et Potassse Tartras, Sodse 
 Phosphas, Sodce Sulphas, Sodii Chloridum, Sul- 
 phur, Veratria, Aquae Minerales Sulphurete et 
 Salinse, Enemata, Suppositoria. 
 
 CATHARTIN, see Cassia Senna, and Con- 
 volvulus jalapa. 
 
 CATHARTIQUE, Cathartic. 
 
 CATHARTOCARPUS, Cassia fistula. 
 
 CATHEDRA, Anus. 
 
 CATHEMERINUS, Quotidian. 
 
 CATHEMERUS, Quotidian. 
 
 CATHERET'IC, Cathceret'icua, Ectylot'iexia, 
 Sarcoph'agus, from Ka^aipcio, ' to eat,' * destroy.' 
 Substances applied to warts, exuberant granula- 
 tions, &c., to eat them down. Mild caustics. 
 
 CATH'ETER, from KaSiv/xt {Ka6\ and 17,^1, 'to 
 send,') 'I explore.' JEne'a, Al'galie, Algalic, 
 Gathete'ris, Demissor, Immis'sor. A hollow tube, 
 introduced by surgeons into the urinary bladder, 
 for the purpose of drawing off the urine. Cathe- 
 ters are made of silver or elastic gum. See Bougie, 
 The French generally use the word catheter for 
 the solid sound or staff ; and algalie and sonde 
 for the hollow instrument. 
 
 Catheter, Nasal. An instrument, invented 
 by M. Gensoul, of Lyons, for catheterizing the 
 ductus ad nasum. It is hook-shaped ; the extre- 
 mity, bent at a right angle, is about an inch in 
 length, suited to the distance of the lower orifice 
 of the duct from the nostril, and likewise to the 
 length and form of the duct, with a slight spiral 
 turn. 
 
 CATHETERIS, Catheter. 
 
 CATHETERISIS, Catheterismus. 
 
 CATHETERIS'MUS, Cathete' riais, Catheteri- 
 sa'tio, Cath' eterism, Catheteriza'tion, Immis'sio 
 Cathete'ris, same etymon. The introduction of a 
 catheter or sound into a natural passage, as 
 through the urethra into the bladder or into the 
 Eustachian tube, larynx, &c. Also, probing a, 
 wound. Melosis. 
 
 CATHETERIZATION, Catheterismus. 
 
 CATH'ETERIZE. To perform the operation 
 of catheterism,— in other words, to introduce the 
 catheter: to probe or sound a cavity. 
 
 CATHID'RYSIS, from KaSiipvii, ' I place to- 
 gether.' Reduction ofa part to its natural situation. 
 
 CATHMIA, Plumbi oxydum semi-vitreum. 
 
 CATHMIR, Calamina. 
 
 CATH'ODIC, Cathod'icus; from KaO', 'down- 
 wards,' and b&os, 'a way.' An epithet applied by 
 Dr. Marshall Hall to a downward course of ner- 
 vous action. 
 
 CATH'OLIC HUMOURS, (F.) Bumeura Ca- 
 thoUquea, are the fluids spread over the whole 
 body. 
 
 CATHOLICON, Panacea. 
 
 Cathol'icon Duplex. An ancient purging 
 electuary, chiefly composed of cassia, tamarinds, 
 rhubarb, senna, Ac. 
 
 CATIL'LIA. A weight of nine ounces. 
 
 CATILLUS, Cup. 
 
 CATINUS FUSORIUS, Crucible. 
 
 CATLING, Knife, double-edged. 
 
 CATNEP, Nepeta Cataria. 
 
 CATO, (caroj, 'below,' 'beneath.' ^'his word, 
 in the writings of Hippocrates, is often used for 
 the abdomen, especially the intestines. When he 
 advises a remedj' Karui, he means a purgative; 
 when avw, 'above or upwards,' an emetic. As a 
 prefix, Cato means 'beneath,' as in 
 
 C A T C A T H A R'T I C, Catocathar'ticus,irora 
 KOTw, ' downwards,' and xa^aiija), ' I purge.' A 
 medicine which purges downwards. One that 
 produces alvine evacuations. She antithesis to 
 Anacathartic. 
 
 CATOCHA GALENI, Catalepsy. 
 
 CAT'OCHE, Cat'ocheis, Cat'ochns, from icars^fu. 
 
CATOCHUS 
 
 179 
 
 CAULORRHAGIA 
 
 'I retain,' 'I hold fast.' This word has, by some, 
 been used synonymously with Catalepsy ; by 
 others, with Coma vigil; by others, with Tetanus. 
 
 CATOCHUS, Catoche, Ecstasis — c. Cervinus, 
 Tetanus — c. Holotonicus, Tetanus — c. Infantum, 
 Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 
 CATOMIS'MOS, from /caru, 'beneath,' and 
 <i)liC)S, 'shoulder;' Siibhumera'tio. A mode with 
 tlie ancients of reducing luxation of the humerus 
 by raising the body by the arm.— Paulus of jEgina. 
 
 CATOPTER, Speculum. 
 
 CATOP'TRIC, Ccaop'tricus, (P.) Catoptnque, 
 from KaTOKTpts or (caroTrrpov, 'a mirror.' Relating 
 or appertaining to Catoptrics or the reflection of 
 light. 
 
 Catop'tric Examination of the Eye. When 
 a lighted candle is held before the eye, the 
 pupil of which has been dilated by belladonna, 
 three images of it are seen — two erect, and 
 one inverted : — the former owing to reflection 
 from the cornea and anterior surface of the crys- 
 talline; the latter owing to reflection from the 
 posterior layer of the crystalline inverted, and 
 between the other two. This mode of examining 
 the eye has been proposed as a means of diagno- 
 sis between cataract and amaurosis. In the latter, 
 all the images are seen. 
 
 CATOPTROMANCY, from Karonrpov, (Kara, 
 and oTZTojiai), 'a mirror,' and navma, 'divination.' 
 A kind of divination by means of a mirror. 
 
 CATOPTRON, Speculum. 
 
 CATORCHI'TES. A kind of sour wine, pre- 
 pared with the orchis and black grape, or dried 
 figs. It was formerly employed as a diuretic and 
 emmenagogue. — Dioscorides. Called, also, Si/ci'- 
 tes. — Galen. 
 
 CATORETICUS, Purgative. 
 
 CATOTERICUS, Purgative. 
 
 CATO'TICA, from Karui, 'beneath.' Diseases 
 infecting internal surfaces. Pravity of the fluids 
 or emunctories, that open on the internal surfaces 
 of organs. The second order in the class Eccri- 
 tiea of Good. 
 
 CATOX'YS, Peracu'ius, from Kara, 'an inten- 
 sive,' and o^vf, 'acute.' Highly acute; as Morbus 
 Catoxys, M. Peracu'ius, a very acute disease. 
 
 CATS' EYE. A name, under which several 
 morbid conditions of the eye would appear to 
 have been confounded — all agreeing, however, in 
 presenting an opalescent appearance of the pupil 
 or of the bottom of the eye; those parts reflect- 
 ing- the light in various colours, or, at least, with 
 various degrees of intensity, according to the 
 direction in which the eye is turned. This ap- 
 ^pearance was compared lay Beer to the reflection 
 from the tapetum of the eye of the cat. — Mac- 
 kenzie. 
 
 Cat's eye. Amaurotic, see Amaurotic. 
 
 Cat's foot, Antennaria dioica. 
 
 Cat's purr, Fremissement Cataire. 
 
 CATTAGAUMA, Cambogia. 
 
 CATTITEROS, Tin. 
 
 CATULOTICA, Cicatrisantia. 
 
 CATU'RUS SPICIFLO'RUS, (KaTra, Catns, 
 'a cat,' and ovga, 'tail,') Cauda felis, from the 
 shape of its flowers. Acal'ypha his'pida. An 
 East Indian shrub, Order, Euphorbiacese ; used 
 in its native country, in decoction, in diarrhoea 
 and dysentery. 
 
 CAi'U-TRIPALT, Piper longum. 
 
 CAUCALIS CAROTA, Daucus carota— e. Sa- 
 nicula, Sanicula. 
 
 CAUCALOIDES, Patella. 
 
 CAUCASIAN, see Homo. 
 
 CA UCHEMAR, Incubus. 
 
 CAUCHEVIETLLE, Incubus. 
 
 CAUCHUC, Caoutchouc. 
 
 CAUDA, see Clitorism, Coccyx, Penis. 
 
 Cauda Equi'na. The spinal marrow, at its 
 termination, about the second lumbar vertebra, 
 gives oS' a considerable number of nerves, which, 
 when unravelled, resemble a horse's tail ; hence 
 the name; (F.) Queue de Cheval, Q. de la Moelle 
 Epiniere. See Medulla Spinalis. 
 
 Cauda Felis, Caturus — u.f. Agrestis, Acalypha 
 betulina. 
 
 Cauda Salax, Penis. 
 
 CAUDAL, Caudate, Cauda'lis, Cauda'tus; from 
 Cauda, 'a tail.' Relating or appertaining to a 
 tail. Having a tail or tail-like appendage : — ■ 
 as 'caudal or caudate cells or corpuscles' — cells 
 or corpuscles having a tail-like appendage, as in 
 cancerous growths. 
 
 CAUDATE, Caudal. 
 
 CAUDATIO, Clitorism. 
 
 CAUDATUS, Bicaudatus. 
 
 CAUDEX CEREBRI, Peduncles of the brain. 
 
 CAUDIEZ, MI^TERAL WATERS OF. Cau- 
 diez is a small town, nine leagues from Perpig- 
 nan, in France, where there is a thermal spring, 
 containing a little sulphate of soda and iron. 
 
 CAUDLE, Coiodel, (F.) Chaudeau, from chaud, 
 'warm or hot.' A nourishing gruel given to wo- 
 men during the childbed state. The following is 
 a form for it : Into a pint of fine gruel, not thick, 
 put, whilst it is boiling hot, the yolk of an egg 
 beaten with sugar, and mixed with a large spixin- 
 ful of cold water, a glass of wine, and nutmeg. 
 Mix the whole well together. Brandy is some- 
 times substituted for the wine, and lemon peel 
 or capillaire added. It is also sometimes made 
 of gruel and beer, with sugar and nutmeg. 
 
 CAUL, from (L.) caula, 'a fold,' Pihis, Pile'- 
 olus, Ga'lea, Vitta, (P.) Coeffe, Coiffe — {£fre ne 
 eoiffe — 'to be born with a caul.') The English 
 name for the omentum. When a child is born 
 with the membranes over the face, it is said to 
 have been 'born tcith a caul.' In the catalogue 
 of superstitions, this is one of the favourable 
 omens. The caul itself is supposed to confer 
 privileges upon the possessor; hence the mem- 
 branes are dried, and sometimes sold for a high 
 price. See Epiploon. 
 
 CAULE'DON, Cicye'don, from fcauXof, 'a stalk.' 
 A transverse fracture. 
 
 CAU'LIFLOWER, (G.) Kohl, 'cabbage,' and 
 flower [?], Brassica Florida. 
 
 Cauliflower Excrescence, (F.) Choufleur. 
 An excrescence, which appears about the origin 
 of the mucous membranes, chiefly about the anus 
 and vulva, and which resembles, in appearance, 
 the head of the cauliflower. It is often syphilitic 
 in its character. 
 
 Cauliflower Excrescence op the Uterus, 
 Metrobot'rytes. A morbid growth from a part, 
 or the whole, of the circumference of the os 
 uteri; and, at times, from the surface of the 
 cavity of the uterus. It is doubtful whether its 
 progress can be arrested except by excision. 
 
 CAULIS, Penis — c. Florida, Brassica Florida. 
 
 CAULOPHYL'LUM THALICTROI'DES, 
 (KavXog, 'a stalk or stem,' and <pv\Xov, 'a leaf;' so 
 called because the leaf-stalks appear like a con- 
 tinuation of the stem.) Leon'tice thalictro'i'des, 
 Blueberry Cohosh, Cohosh, Cohush, Blue Cohosh, 
 Blueberry, Papoose Boot, Squaw Boot, Blue Gin- 
 seng, Yellow Ginseng, a plant of the Family Ber- 
 berideae ; Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia, which 
 grows all over the United States, flowering in May 
 and June. The infusion of the root is much used 
 by the Indians in various diseases. To it are 
 ascribed emmenagogue and diaphoretic virtues. 
 
 CAULOPLE'GIA, from icavAof, 'the male or- 
 gan,' and TiXriyr], 'a wound,' or 'stroke.' An in- 
 jury or paralysis of the male organ. 
 
 CAULORRHAGIA, Stimatosis— c. Ejaculato- 
 
CAULORRHGSA BENIGNA 
 
 180 
 
 ria, Spermato-cystidorrliagia — c. Stillatitia, Ure- 
 throrrhagia» 
 
 CAULORRHCEA BENIGNA, Gonorrhoea 
 pura. 
 
 CAULUS, Penis. 
 
 CAUMA, Kavfia, ' a burnt part,' from Katw, ' I 
 burn.' Great heat of the body or atmosphere. 
 Synocha, Empresma. 
 
 Cauma Bronchitis, Cynanehe trachealis — c. 
 Carditis, Carditis — c. Enteritis, Enteritis — c. 
 Gastritis, Gastritis — c. Haemorrhagicum, Haemor- 
 rhagia activa — c. Hepatitis, Hepatitis — c. Oph- 
 thalmitis, Ophthalmia — c. Peritonitis, Peritonitis 
 — c. Phrenitis, Phrenitis — c. Pleuritis, Pleuritis 
 — c. Podagricum, Gout — c. Pwheumatismiis, Rheu- 
 matism, acute. 
 
 CAUMATO'DES, Caumate'ms, from Kavna, 
 'fire, heat.' Burning hot. Fehris caumato'des, 
 F. causo'des. Inflammatory fever. Synocha. 
 
 CAUNGA, Areca. 
 
 CAUSA CONJUNCTA, Cause, proximate— c. 
 Continens, Cause, proximate. 
 
 CAUSAE ABDIT^, Causes, predisponent or 
 remote — e. Actuales, Causes, occasional — c. Prae- 
 incipientes, Causes, procatarctic — c. Proegume- 
 nse. Causes, predisponent. 
 
 CAUSE, Can'sa, Ai'tia, Ai'tion. An act Tvhich 
 precedes another, and seems to be a necessary 
 condition for the concurrence of the latter. The 
 causes of disease are generally extremely ob- 
 scure ; although they, sometimes, are evident 
 enough. The predisponent and occasional causes 
 are the only two on which any stress can be 
 laid; but as authors have divided them differ- 
 ently, a short explanation is necessary. 
 
 Cause, Ac'cessort, (F.) Cause Accessoire. 
 One which has only a secondary influence in the 
 production of disease. 
 
 Causes, Accident'al, Common Causes, (F.) 
 Causes Accidentelles, are those which act only 
 in certain given conditions ; and which do not 
 always produce the same disease. Cold, e. g., 
 may be the accidental cause of pneumonia, rheu- 
 matism, <fcc. 
 
 CAUSES CACHE ES, C. occult— c. Common, 
 C. accidental — c. Exciting, C. Occasional — c. Es- 
 sential, C. Specific — c. Determinantes, C. Specific 
 — c. Eloignees, C. Predisponent. 
 
 Causes, External, (F.) Causes extemes, are 
 such as act externally to the individual: as air, 
 cold, &G. 
 
 CAUSES F0R3IELLES (¥.), are such as 
 determine the form or kind of disease. They 
 diifer from the Causes inate>-ielles, which are 
 common to a set of diseases; as, to the neuroses, 
 phlegmasiae, &c. 
 
 Causes, Hidden, C. Occult — e. Immediate, C. 
 essential. 
 
 Causes, Intern'al, (F.) Causes Internes, are 
 those which arise within the body; as mental 
 emotions, &,c. 
 
 Causes, Mechan'ical, (F.) Causes micaniques, 
 are those which act mechanically, as pressure 
 upon the windpipe in inducing suffocation. 
 
 Causes, Negative, (F.) Causes negatives, com- 
 prise all those things, the privation of which 
 may derange the functions: — as abstinence too 
 long continued. They are opposed to positive 
 causes, which, of themselves, directly induce dis- 
 ease ; — as the use of indigestible food, spirituous 
 drinks, Ac. 
 
 Causes, Obscure, C. Occult. 
 
 Causes, Occa'sional, Exci'ting Causes, Causa 
 ar.tua'les, (P.) Causes occasionelles, are those 
 which immediately produce disease. The occa- 
 sional causes have been divided into the cogniz- 
 able and non-cognizable. — C. J. B. Williams. 
 
 Exciting 
 
 Causes 
 
 OF 
 
 Disease. 
 
 CAUSTICITI 
 
 I. Cognizable Agents. 
 
 1. Mechanical. 
 
 2. Chemical. 
 
 3. Ingesta. 
 
 4. Bodily exertion. 
 
 5. Mental emotion. 
 
 6. Excessive evacuation. 
 
 7. Suppressed or defective evacua- 
 
 tion. 
 
 8. Defective cleanliness, ventilation, 
 
 and draining. 
 
 9. Temperature and changes. 
 
 II. Non- Cognizable Agents. 
 
 1. Endemic. 
 
 2. Epidemic. J- Poisons. 
 
 3. Infectious. 
 
 Causes, Occult', Hidden causes. Obscure causes, 
 (F.) Causes occultes ou caehees ou obscures. Any 
 causes with which we are unacquainted; also, 
 certain inappreciable characters of the atmo- 
 sphere, which give rise to epidemics. 
 
 Causes, Phys'ical, (F.) Causes Physiques, — 
 those which act by virtue of their physical pro- 
 perties ; as form, hardness, <fcc. All vuln crating 
 bodies belong to this class. 
 
 Causes, Physiolog"ical, (F.) Causes Pliysio- 
 logiques, those which act only on living matter; 
 — narcotics, for example. 
 
 Causes, Predispo'nent, C. predispo'sing, Re- 
 mote causes. Causes proegu'mencB, Causa ab'ditcs, 
 Causa remo'ta ; (F. ) Causes p)^^disp)onantes. 
 Causes eloignees,— those which render the body 
 liable to disease. They may be general, affecting 
 a number of people, or particular, affecting only 
 one person. 
 
 Causes, Prin'cipal, (F.) Causes principales, 
 — those which exert the chief influence on the 
 production of disease, as distinguished from the 
 accessory causes. 
 
 Causes, Procatarc'tic, Causa procatare'tica, 
 Causa praincipien'tes, from TrpoxarapKTtKo;, ' the 
 origin or beginning of a thing,' (^po, 'before,' and 
 Kurap'^u), ' I begin.') These words have been used 
 with different significations. Some have em- 
 ployed them synonj'mously with predisponent or 
 remote causes j others with occasional or exciting 
 causes. 
 
 CAUSE PROCHAINE, C. proximate. 
 
 Cause, PROx'nrATE, Causa "prox'ima seu con'- 
 tinens seu coiijunc'ta, (P.) Cause continente ou pro- 
 chaine, may be the disease itself. Superabundance 
 of blood, e. g., is the proximate cause of plethora. 
 
 Causes, Remote, C. predisponent. 
 
 Causes, Specif'ic, Essen'tial or Imme'diate 
 causes, &c., (F.) Causes specifiques, C. essentielles, 
 G. determinantes ; — those which produce a deter- 
 minate disease. 
 
 CAUSIS. Burn, Ebullition, Fermentation, In- 
 cendium, Ustion. 
 
 CAUSOMA, Inflammation. 
 
 CAUS'TIC, Ca-us'ticus, Cauteret'icus, Diaret'- 
 icus, Ero'dens, Adu'rens, Urens, Pt/rot'icus, from 
 Kaib), 'I burn,' Kavaog, 'heat.' (F.) Caustique. 
 Bodies which have the prop'erty of causticity ; 
 and which, consequently, burn or disorganize 
 animal substances. The word is also used sub- 
 stantively. The most active are called Escharot'- 
 ics. Caustics are also termed 'corrosives.' 
 
 Caustic Bearer, Porte-]}ierre — c. Paste, Can- 
 quoin's, Pasta Zinci chloridi. 
 
 CAUSTICA ADUSTIO, Cauterization. 
 
 CAUSTICITY, Caustic"itas, from KavcrriKo;, 
 ' that which burns,' (xaioi, ' I burn.') The impres- 
 sion which caustic bodies make on the organ of 
 taste; or, more commonly, the property which 
 distinguishes those bodies. 
 
CAUSTlOOPHORUM 
 
 181 
 
 CAVERNOUS 
 
 CAUSTlOOPHORUM, Porte-plerre. 
 
 CAUS'TICUM ^THIOP'ICUM, Unguen'tum 
 31elan'icum caus'ticuni. A sort of paste, made by 
 rubbing powdered saffron with concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, recommended by Velpeau as a caus- 
 tic in cases of gangrenous and carcinomatous ul- 
 cers. The acid is the caustic : the saffron, the 
 constituent merely. 
 
 Causticum Alkalinum, Potassa fusa — c. Ame- 
 ricanum, Veratrum sabadilla — c. Antimoniale, 
 Antimonium muriatum. 
 
 Causticum CoMMu'Nii, Poten'tial Cautery, Com- 
 mon Caustic, Caute'riuni potentia'le, Lajyis sep'- 
 ticus, Gaus'tic.iim commu'ne mtt'ius. This con- 
 sists of quicklime and black soap), of each equal 
 parts. 
 
 Causticum Commune, Potassa fusa — c. Com- 
 mune aeerrimum, Potassa fusa — c. Commune for- 
 tius, Potassa cum calce — c. Lunare, Argenti nitras 
 — c. Potentials, Potassa fusa — c. Salinum, Po- 
 tassa fusa — c. Viennense fusum Filhos, see Pow- 
 der, Vienna. 
 
 CAUSTIQUE, Caustic— c. Filhoi, see Powder, 
 Vienna — c. de Vienne, Powder, Vienna. 
 
 CAUSUS, from Kaim, ' I burn,' /cautrof, 'heat.' 
 A highly ardent fever; Den' reus. Pinel regards 
 it as a complication of bilious and inflammatory 
 fever; Broussais, as an intense gastritis, accom- 
 panied with bilious symptoms. See Synoeha. 
 
 Causus, Endemial, of the West Indies, 
 Fever, Yellow — c. Tropicus endemicus. Fever, 
 Yellow. 
 
 CAUTER, Cauterium. 
 
 GAUTERE, Cauterium, Fonticulus — c. lahe- 
 rent, Inherent cautery. 
 
 CAUTERETICUS, Caustic. 
 
 CAUTERETS, MINERAL WATERS OP. 
 Cauterets is a hourg seven leagues from Bareges 
 [Hautes-Pyrenees,) France. The waters are hy- 
 drosulphurous and thermal — temperature 123° F. 
 They are used in the same cases as the Bareges 
 
 CAUTERIASMUS, Cauterization. 
 
 CAUTE'RIUM, C. actua'le. Canter, Cau'tenj, 
 Inusto'rium, Bupto'rium, Ignis actna'lis, from 
 Kaitii, 'I burn,' Kavrrjp, 'a burner.' (F.) Cautere, 
 Feu actuel. A substance, used for 'firing,' burn- 
 ing or disorganizing the parts to which it is ap- 
 plied. Cauteries were divided by the ancients 
 into actual and potential. The word is now re- 
 stricted to the red-hot iron ; or to positive burn- 
 ing. It was, formerly, much used for preventing 
 hemorrhage from divided arteries; and also with 
 the same views as a blister. The term Poten'tial 
 Cautery, Caute'riuni potentia'le. Ignis potentia'lis, 
 (F.) Feit potentiel, was generally applied to the 
 causticum commune, but it is now used synony- 
 mously with caustic in general. Cautere also 
 means an issue. 
 
 Cauterium Actuale, Cauterium. 
 
 CAUTERIZA'TIOX, Cauterisu'tio, Cauterias'- 
 mus, Exus'tio, Inus'tio, Caus'tica Adus'tio, Firing. 
 The effect of a cautery or caustic. The French, 
 amongst whom cauterization is much used, dis- 
 tinguished five kinds : 1. Cauterisation InJierente, 
 which consists in applying the actual cautery 
 freely, and with a certain degree of force, so as 
 to disorganize deeply. 2. Cauterisation trans- 
 eurrente, which consists in passing the edge of 
 the Cautere cultellaire, or the point of the Oauth-e 
 conique lightly, so as not to disorganize deeply. 
 3. Cauterisation par piointes, which consists in 
 applying on the skin, here and there, the hot 
 point of the conical cautery, with sufficient force 
 to cauterize the whole thickness of the skin. 4. 
 Cauterisation lente, sloio cauterization, by means 
 of the moxa. 5. Cauterisation objective, which 
 
 consists in holding the cautery at some distance 
 from the part to be acted upon by it. 
 
 Cau'terize; Caustieo adurere ; (F.) Cau- 
 t&riser. To apply a cautery or caustic. To burn 
 with a cautery or caustic. 
 
 CAUTERY, Cauterium — c. Galvanic, see Moxa 
 — e. Potential, Causticum commune, Cauterium. 
 
 CAVA, Vulva. 
 
 Cava Vena, Vena hepati'tes. The hollow or 
 deep-seated vein. (F.) Veine cave. A name 
 given to the two great veins of the body, which 
 meet at the right auricle of the heart. The vena 
 cava sujie'rior, thorac" ica seu descen'dens, is 
 formed by the union of the subclavians; and re- 
 ceives successively, before its termination at the 
 upper part of the right auricle, the inferior thy- 
 roid, right internal mammary, superior diaphrag- 
 matic, azygos, &c. The vena cava infe'rior, ab- 
 domina' lis seu ascen' dens, arises from the union 
 of the two primary iliacs, opposite the fourth or 
 fifth lumbar vertebra, receives the middle sacral, 
 lumbar, right spermatic, hepatic, and inferior dia- 
 phragmatics, and opens at the posterior and in- 
 ferior part of the right auricle. 
 
 CAVATIO, Cavity. 
 
 CAVEA, Cavity — c. jSTarium, Nares. 
 
 CAVER'NA, Antrum. 'A cavern.' This term 
 has been used for the female organs of generation. 
 See Cavity, and Vulva. 
 
 Caverna Narium, Nares. 
 
 Cavernjs Dentium, Alveoli dentium — c. 
 Frontis, Frontal Sinuses. 
 
 CAVERNEUX, Cavernous. 
 
 CAVERNOUS, Oaverno'sus, (P.) Caverneux. 
 Filled with small cavities or caverns, — as a 
 sponge. 
 
 Cavernous Bodies, Cor'pora Cavernos'a of the 
 penis, Cor'jiora nervo'sa seu Ner' veo-spongio' sa 
 Penis, (F.) Corps Caverneux. The corpus caver- 
 nosum is a kind of cylindrical sac, composed of 
 cells; separated, through its whole extent, by a 
 vertical, incomplete septum. Septum pectinifor' - 
 me, Trabec'tdas cor'porum cavernosa' rum, and 
 forming nearly two-thirds of the penis. The 
 corpus eavernosum, on each side, arises from the 
 ascending portion of the ischium, and terminates 
 obtusely behind the glans. The arteries of the 
 corpora cavernosa come from the internal pudic. 
 See Helicine Arteries. Nerves are found on the 
 surface of the outer membrane, but they do not 
 appear to penetrate the substance, and the smooth 
 muscular fibre has been traced into the fibrous 
 parietes of the cells, as in the case of all erectile 
 tissues. 
 
 J. Miiller's researches have led him to infer, 
 that both in man and the horse, the nerves of the 
 corpora cavernosa are made up of branches pro- 
 ceeding from the organic as well as the animal 
 system, whilst the nerves of animal life alone 
 provide the nerves of sensation of the penis. 
 
 Cavernous Bodies, Corpora Cavernosa of the 
 Olit'oris, are two hollow crura, forming the clit- 
 oris. 
 
 Cavernous Body of the Vagi'na, Corpus Ca- 
 vermS sum Vagi'ncp., Plexus retiform'is, is a sub- 
 stance composed of blood-vessels and cells, simi- 
 lar to those of the penis and clitoris, which covers 
 the outer extremity of the vagina, on each side. 
 It serves to contract the entrance to the vagina 
 during coition. 
 
 Cavernous Ganglion, see Carotid or Carotic 
 Nerve. 
 
 Cavernous Respira'tion. AVhen a cavity 
 exists. in the lungs, and one or more ramifications 
 of the bronchia terminate in it, a loud tubal noise 
 is emitted, provided the cavity be not filled with 
 fluid, which is called cavernous respiration. In 
 this condition, the cough is cavernous likewise, 
 (F.) Toux Caverneuse. When the capacity of the 
 
CAVERNULOUS EHONCHUS 182 
 
 CELANDINE 
 
 cavern is very great, the sound of the respiration 
 is like that produced by blowing into a decanter, 
 ■with the mouth at a little distance from the neck. 
 This kind of cavernous respiration has been called 
 amphoric, from amphora, 'a flask;' {¥.) Respi- 
 ration amphorique, Souffle amphorique, S. metal- 
 lique. 
 
 The Veiled Puff, (F.) Souffle voile, is a modi- 
 fication of the cavernous respiration, in which, 
 according to Laennec, "a sort of movable veil 
 interposed between the excavation and the ear" 
 seems to be agitated to and fro. It is a sign 
 which is not attended to. 
 
 Cavernous Khonchus, see Cavernous Respi- 
 ration, and Gurgling. 
 
 Cavernous Sinus, Sinus Cavemo'siis seu poly- 
 mor'phus seu sphenoida'lis, Receptac' ulum aellcB 
 equi'ncB lat'erihus appos'itum, (F.) Sinus c.aver- 
 neux. The Cav' ernous Si'nuses are venous cavi- 
 ties of the dura mater, filled with a multitude of 
 reddish, soft filaments, intersecting each other; 
 and, as it were, reticulated. They commence 
 behind the inner part of the sphenoid fissure, 
 pass backwards on the sides of the fossa pitui- 
 taria, and terminate by opening into a cavity, 
 common to the superior and inferior petrosal 
 sinuses. They receive some meningeal veins, the 
 ophthalmic veins, &c. The anterior extremity 
 of each cavernous sinus has been named the 
 ophthal'mic sinus. 
 
 Cavernous Texture or Tissue, Tela caver- 
 no' sa, (F.) Tissu caverneux. The spongy sub- 
 stance which forms the greater part of the penis 
 and clitoris. It seems to consist of a very com- 
 plicated lace-work of arteries and veins ; and, 
 probably, of nervous filaments, with small fibrous 
 plates, which form by their decussation numerous 
 cells communicating with each other. This 
 spongy texture produces erection, by dilating and 
 swelling on the influx of blood; and probably, 
 also, by virtue of some property inherent in it. 
 
 Cavernous Whisp^ir. A blowing sound, heard 
 over cavities when jvords are whispered. — A. 
 Flint. 
 
 CAVERNULOUS RHONCHUS, see Gurgling. 
 
 CAVIALE, Caviars. 
 
 CAVIARE', Caviar, Caviale, Kciviac, A culi- 
 nary' preparation, much used by certain people, 
 and made, on the shores of the Black and Caspian 
 Seas, from the roe of the sturgeon, mixed with 
 salt and other condiments. 
 
 CAVIC'ULA, Cavil'la, from cavus, 'hollow.' 
 The ankle or space between the malleoli. Some 
 have given this name to the os cuneiforme. See 
 
 CAVICUL^ PEDIS NODUS, Tarsus. 
 
 CAVILLA, Astragalus, Cavicula. 
 
 CAVITAS ANTROSA AURIS, Tympanum— 
 c. Buc«inata, Cochlea — c. Coehleata, Cochlea — c. 
 Digitata ventriculi lateralis, Cornu posterius ven- 
 trieuli lateralis. 
 
 Cav'itas Ellip'tica, Ampul'la, Sinus ampnl- 
 la'ceus. A dilatation at one end of the semicir- 
 cular canals of the ear. 
 
 Catitas Humeri Glenoides, see Glenoid — e. 
 Narium, Nares — c. Oculi, Orbit — c. Oris, Mouth 
 — c. Pulpte, see Tooth. 
 
 CAVITATES CEREBRI, Ventricles of the 
 brain — c. Durae matris, Sinuses of the dura mater 
 — e. Innominatse, Auricles of the heart — c. Inter- 
 scapulares, see Interscapularis. 
 
 CA VITE, Cavity — c. Dentaire, Dental cavity — 
 c. des Epiploons, see PeritonaBum — c. du Tl/mpan, 
 Tympanum. 
 
 CAVITY, Cav'itns, Cavum, Coe'lotes, Ccelon, 
 Ca'vea, Caver'na, Cava'tio, (F.) Cavite. The 
 hollow of anything, as of the cranium, mouth, 
 nasal fossas, ic. 
 
 Cavities, Splanchnic, (F.) Cavitia splanch- 
 niques, are those which contain the viscera. 
 They are three in number : — the cranium, chest, 
 and abdomen. The cavities of bones, connected 
 with joints or otherwise, are described under 
 their particular denominations. 
 
 CAVUM, Cavity — c. Abdominis, see Abdomen. 
 
 Cavum Cra'nii, Venter Supre'mus. The cavity 
 formed by the proper bones of the cranium. 
 
 Cavum Dentis, see Tooth — c. Mediastini, see 
 Mediastinum— c. Narium, Nasal fossae, Nares — c. 
 Oris, Mouth — c. Pericardii, see Pericardium — c. 
 Thoracis, see Thorax — c. Tympani, Tympanum. 
 
 CAYAN, Phaseolus Creticus. 
 
 CAZABI, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 CEANOTHOS, Cirsium afvense. 
 
 CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS, Celastrus— c. 
 Trinervis, Celastrus. 
 
 CEAR, Heart. 
 
 CEASMA, Fissure. 
 
 CEBI GALLI'NiE. The liver of the fowl, 
 bruised. — Castelli. 
 
 CEBIP'ARA. A large Brazilian tree, whose 
 bitter and astringent bark is used in making anti- 
 rheumatic baths and fomentations. 
 
 CE BO CEP HALE, Cehoceph'alus, from foj/Jos, 
 'an ape,' and KeipaXr;, 'a head.' A genus of mon- 
 sters, in which the nose does not project, and the 
 interocular region is narrow and plane, so as to 
 give the physiognomy a striking resemblance to 
 that of the American ape. — I. G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 CECES, see Quercus alba. 
 
 CECITE, Cajcitas. 
 
 CECITY, Cfficitas. 
 
 CEDAR, RED, Juniperus Virginiana— ;. 
 White, Cupressus thyoides. 
 
 CEDEIA, Embalming. 
 
 CEDMA, Aneurism, Varix. 
 
 CED'MATA, Kt&jxara. Rheumatic pains of the 
 joints, especially of the hips, groin, or genital 
 organs. A form of gout or rheumatism. 
 
 CEDRAT, Citrus medica. 
 
 CEDRELA" FEBRIFUGA, Swietenia febri- 
 fuga. 
 
 CEDRELE'UM, from K^hfiog, 'the cedar,' and 
 ekaiov, 'oil.' The oil of cedar. — Pliny. 
 
 CE'DRIA, Ce'drium, Ce'drinuni, Cedri lac'- 
 ryvia, Alkitran. The oil or resin which flows 
 from the cedar of Lebanon. It was supposed to 
 possess great virtues. — Hippocrates, Foesius, 
 Scribonius Largus, Dioscorides. It has been 
 supposed to be the same as the pj'roligneous 
 acid. See Pinus Svlvestris. 
 
 CE'DRINUM VINUM, Cedar Wine. A wine 
 prepared by steeping half a pound of bruised 
 cedar berries in six French pints of sweet wine. 
 It is diuretic and subastringent. 
 
 CEDRI'TES, from KcSpos, 'the cedar.' A wine 
 prepared from the resin of cedar and sweefwine. 
 It was formerly employed as a vermifuge, &c. 
 
 CEDRIUM, Cedria. 
 
 CEDROMELA, see Citrus medica. 
 
 CEDRON, see Simaba cedron. 
 
 CEDRONELLA, Melissa — c. Triphylla, Dra- 
 cocephalum canariense. 
 
 CEDROS, Juniperus lycia. 
 
 CEDROSTIS, Bryonia alba. 
 
 CEDRUS BACCIFERA, Juniperus sabina — 
 c. Mahogani, Swietenia mahogani. 
 
 CETNTURE, Cingulum, Herpes zoster — o. 
 Blanche de la choro'ide. Ciliary ligament — c. 
 Dartreuse, Herpes zoster — c. de Hildane, Cin- 
 gulum Hildani — c. de Saint-Jean^ Artemisia 
 vulgaris — c. de Vif Argent, Cingulum mer- 
 curiale. 
 
 CELANDINE, Impatiens— c. Common, Cbeli- 
 donium majus — c. Lesser, Ranunculus ficaria — c. 
 P^PPJ; Stylophorum diphyllum. 
 
CELASTRUS 
 
 183 
 
 CELOLOGIA 
 
 CELAS'TRUS, Celas'tus, Ccano'thus America'- 
 ni(8 seu trinei-'vis, Neto JerRey Tea, Red Boot, (F.) 
 The. de Jersey. Used by the American Indians, 
 in the same manner as lobelia, for the cure of 
 syphilis. It is slightly bitter and somewhat as- 
 tringent. A strong infusion of the dried leaves 
 and seeds has been recommended in aphthae, and 
 as a gargle in scarlatina. 
 
 Celastrus Scandens, Climhing Stafftree. A 
 climbing American shrub, the bark of which is 
 said to possess emetic, diaphoretic, and narcotic 
 properties. 
 
 GELATION', (¥.) Concealment, from celare, 
 'to conceal.' A word used by French medico- 
 legal writers for cases where there has been con- 
 cealment of pregnancy or delivery. 
 
 CELB, Kri\r], 'a, tumour, protrusion, or rupture;' 
 a very common suffix, as in hydrocele, bubono- 
 cele, &c. See Hernia. 
 
 CEL'ERY, (F.) Oeleri. The English name for 
 a variety of Ainwn graveolens. 
 
 Celery, Wild, Bubon galbanum. 
 
 CELETA, see Hernial. 
 
 CELIA, Cerevisia. 
 
 CELIAQUE, Coeliac. 
 
 CELINE, Melissa. 
 
 CELIS, K/;Xif, 'a spot, a stain.' A macula, or 
 spot on the skin. 
 
 CELL, Cella. A small cavity. The same sig- 
 nification as cellule. Also, a vesicle composed 
 of a membranous cell-icall, with, usually, liquid 
 contents. The whole organized body may be re- 
 garded as a congeries of cells having different 
 endowments, each set being concerned in special 
 acts, connected with absorption, nutrition, and 
 secretion, wherever an action of selection or ela- 
 boration has to be effected. These cells are gene- 
 rally termed primary, elementary, ov primordial. 
 "When they give rise to other cells, they are, at 
 times, termed parent or mother cells; the result- 
 ing cells being termed daughter cells. 
 
 Cell, Apoplectic, see Apoplectic cell — c. Bone, 
 Lacuna of bone — c. Bronchic, Cellule, bronchic 
 — c. Calcigerous, see Tooth — c. Daughter, see 
 Cell — c. Elementary, see Cell. 
 
 Cell, Epidee'mic or Epithe'lial. The cells 
 or corpuscles that cover the free membranous sur- 
 faces of the body, and which form the epidermis 
 and epithelium, are termed 'epidermic or epithe- 
 lial ceils.' They are developed from germs fur- 
 nished by the subjacent membrane. 
 
 Cell, Epithelial, Cell, epidermic — e. Fat, see 
 Fatty vesicles. 
 
 Cell Force. The plastic or formative force 
 seated in a cell, by the agency of which the dif- 
 ferent tissues are developed. See Cell Life. 
 
 Cell Formation, Cytogeny — c. Genesis, Cy- 
 togeny — c. Germ, Cytoblast, see Molecule — c. 
 Germinal, see Cytoblast — c. Nucleated, see Cyto- 
 blast. 
 
 Cell Life. The life which is possessed by 
 the separate cells that form the tissues, and by 
 which the nutrition of the tissues is presumed to 
 be effected. 
 
 Cell, Mother, see Cell — c. Osseous, Lacuna 
 of bone — c. Parent, see Cell. 
 
 Cell, Pigment. Pigment cells are mingled 
 with the epidermic cells, and are most manifest 
 in the coloured races. They are best seen on the 
 inner surface of the choroid of the eye, where 
 they form the pigmentmn nigrum, 
 
 Ckll, Primary, see Cell — c. Primordial, see 
 Cell — c. Sperm, see Sperm — c. Wall, see Cell. 
 
 CELLA, Cell— c. Media, see Ventricles of the 
 Brain — c. Turcica, Sella Turcica. 
 
 CEL'LOID, Celloi'des, badly compounded from 
 
 cella, and £i5o{, 'resemblance.' Resembling a 
 ceil or cellule. 
 
 CELLULA, Cellule. 
 
 CELLULE COLI, see Colon— c. Aerese, Cel- 
 lules, bronchic — c. Bronchicaj, see Cellule — c. 
 Mastoidese, Mastoid cells — c. MeduUares, see 
 Medullary membrane — c. Pulmonales, Cellules 
 bronchic, see Pulmo — e. Sanguinis, Globules of 
 the blood. 
 
 CEL'LULAR, Cellula'ris, Cellnlo'sus, (F.) Cel 
 lulaire. Composed of cells or cellules, from cella 
 or cellula, ' a cell.' 
 
 Cel'lCLAR Membrane, Membra' na celhdo'sa 
 seu Cellula'ris, — M. adipu'sa seu pingiiedino'sa, 
 of some, Pannic'ulns adipo'sus, — Membrane 
 formed of cellular tissue, (F.) Memhrane cellu- 
 laire. Generally used for the tissue itself. 
 
 Cellular System. The whole of the cellular 
 tissue of the human body. 
 
 Cellular Tissue, Tela cellula'ris seu cellnlo'- 
 sa seu. Ilipjioc'i'at is crihro'sa, Eth'myphe, Contex'- 
 tus cellulo'sus, Eeticula'ted, filamentous, laminated, 
 crib'riform, porous, are'olar, connec'tive, and 
 mucous Tissue, Retic' ular or cellular substance, 
 (F.) Tissu cellulaira, reticule, lamineux, eribleux, 
 poreux, areolaire, muqueux, conjonctif, Ethmose of 
 Piorry, <fcc., is the most common of all the organic 
 tissues. It contains irregular areola; between 
 the fibres, as well as serum, fat, and the adipous 
 tissue. Of the fibres, some are of the yellow elas- 
 tic kind; but the greater part are of the white 
 fibrous tissue, and they frequently present the 
 form of broad flat bands, in which no distinct 
 fibrous arrangement is perceptible. See Fibrous. 
 
 The cellular tissue or texture unites every part 
 of the body, determines its shape, and by its 
 elasticity and contractility, and by the fluid 
 which it contains in its cells, facilitates the mo- 
 tion of parts on each other. 
 
 Cellular tissue has been divided by anatomists 
 into the external, general or common cellular 
 tissue — textus cellula'ris interme'dius seu laxns, 
 which does not penetrate the organs, — the cellu- 
 lar texture which forms the envelopes of organs 
 — textus cellula'ris strietus, and that which pene- 
 trates into the organs, accompanying and enve- 
 loping all their parts, — the textus cellula'ris sti- 
 pa'tus, constituting the basis of all the organs. 
 It has likewise been termed Textus organ'icus 
 seu parenchyma'lia. 
 
 Cellular Tissue of Bones, see Canoelli. 
 
 CEL'LULE, Cel'lula, diminutive of cella, 'a 
 cavity.' A small cavity. (F.) Cellule. CelluleH 
 are the small cavities between the lamina of the 
 cellular tissue, corpora cavernosa, Ac. 
 
 Cellules or Cells, Bronchic, Cel'lula Bron'- 
 chir^cB seu Pulmona'les seu Ae'recB, Fori pulmo'- 
 num, Vesic'ulcB pulmonales. The air-cells of the 
 lung.=. See Pulmo. 
 
 CELLULES BRONCHIQUES, Bronchial 
 cells— c. des Os, Lacunas of Bone — c. Osseuse.i, 
 Lacunae of Bone. 
 
 CELLULITIS VENENATA, see Woun-d. 
 
 CELLULO- FIBROUS TUMOUR, Tumour, 
 fibro-cellular. 
 
 CEL'LULOSE, same etymon as Cellule. The 
 substance which is left after the action upon any 
 kind of vegetable tissue of such solvents as are 
 fitted to dissolve out the matter deposited in its 
 cavities and interstices. The tunicated or asci- 
 dian mollusca have, in their integuments, a con- 
 siderable quantity of it, and it exists in the Cor- 
 pora amylacea of the brain and other parts. It 
 is identical with starch, in the proportion of its 
 constituents, and forms the principal part of the 
 thickness of the walls of the cells, vessels, &c., of 
 which the vegetable organism is composed. 
 
 CELLULOSUS, Cellular. 
 
 CELOLOG"IA, from Krjh], 'rupture,' and Xovoi, 
 
CELOSOMUS 
 
 184 
 
 CENTRAL 
 
 a discourse.' The doctrine of hernia. A trea- 
 tise on hernia. 
 
 CELOSO'MUS, from KriXri, 'a rupture,' and 
 (Tui/tn, 'body.' A monster in which the trunk is 
 malformed, and eventration or displacement of 
 the viscera exists. 
 
 CELOTES, see Hernial. 
 
 CELOTOM'IA, Xelotom'ia, Celot'omy, from 
 Kri\tj, ' a rupture,' and rt^ivtiv, 'to cut.' An ope- 
 ration, formerly employed for the radical cure of 
 inguinal hernia; which consisted, principally, in 
 passing a ligature round the hernial sac and sper- 
 matic vessels. It necessarily occasioned atrophy 
 and loss of the testicle; and did not secure the 
 patient against the return of the disease. The 
 intestines were, of course, not included in the 
 ligature. Also, the operation for hernia in gene- 
 ral, — Herniot'omy. 
 
 CELOT'OMUS, same etymon. Eerniot'omus. 
 A knife used in the operation for hernia. Adjec- 
 tively, it means relating to celotomy, like Celo- 
 tom'iciis. 
 
 CELSA. A term, used by Paracelsus for a 
 cutaneous disease, dependent, according to him, 
 on a false or heterogeneous spirit or vapour, con- 
 cealed under the integuments, and endeavouring 
 to escape. Perhaps the disease was Urticaria. 
 
 CELSUS, METHOD OF, see Lithotomy. 
 
 CELTIS OCCID^'SI A.''Lli,Sugarherry, Hach- 
 herry, Nettletree, Beaverwood. Order, Ulmacese : 
 indigenous, flowering in May. The bark is said 
 to be anodyne and cooling; the berries are sweet 
 and astringent. It has been used in dysentery. . 
 
 CEMERO NUTS, see Pinus cembra. 
 
 CEMENT. A glutinous substance introduced 
 into a carious tooth to prevent the access of air 
 or other extraneous matters. The following is 
 an example: R. Sandarac. gij ; Mastich. ^i; 
 Snccin. gr. x. ^Ether. gj ; Dissolve with the aid 
 of heat. Osterinaier's Cement for the teeth is 
 prepared of finely powdered caustic lime, thirteen 
 parts; anhydrous phosphoric acid, twelve parts. 
 When introduced into a carious tooth, it becomes 
 solid in about two minutes. 
 
 CEMEXTEllIUxM, Crucible. 
 
 CEMENTUM, see Tooth. 
 
 CENANGIA, Ceneangia. 
 
 CENCHPtON, Panicum miliaceum. 
 
 CENDRE^ DU LE VANT, Soda. 
 
 CENDRE, Cineritious. 
 
 OENDRES GRAVELEES, see Potash— c. 
 de Sarment, see Potash. 
 
 CENEANGI'A, Cenangi'a, from Ktvns, 'empty,' 
 and ayytfov, 'a vessel.' Inanition. Empty state 
 of vessels. — Galen. 
 
 CENEMBATE'SIS, from Ktvog, 'empty,' and 
 e/ilSaivw, ' I enter.' Paracentesis. Also, the act 
 of probing a wound or cavity; Melo'sis. 
 
 CENEONES, Flanks. 
 
 QENESTHESIE, Coen»sthesis. 
 
 CENIGDAM, Ceniplam. 
 
 CENIGOTAM, Ceniplam. 
 
 CENIPLAM, Cenigdam, Cenigotam, Cenipo- 
 lam. The name of an instrument anciently used 
 for opening the head in epilepsy. — Paracelsus. 
 
 CENIPOLAM, Ceniplam. 
 
 CENO'SIS, from Kevoq, 'empty.' Lie' sis, Ineth- 
 mos. Evacuation. It is sometimes employed 
 synonymously with inanition, and opposed to re- 
 pletion, — ■E.rinanit"io. 
 
 CENOSPUDIA, Aphelsia otiosa. 
 
 CENOTIC, Drastic. 
 
 CENOT'ICA, from Knvmais, 'evacuation.' Dis- 
 eases affecting the fluids. Morbid discharges or 
 excess, deficiency or irregularity of such as are 
 natural. The first order, class Genetica, of Good. 
 Also, Drastics. 
 
 CENTAUREA BEHEN, Serrat'ula hehen, Be- 
 
 hen ahiad, Behen album, Been, White Behen. 
 Ord. Gentianeas. Astringent. 1 
 
 Centaurea Benedic'ta, Car'duus benedic'tus, ' 
 
 Cnicus sylves' tris seu benedic'tus, Cardiobot' anum, 
 Blessed or Holy Thistle, Virgin-3Iary Thistle, 
 (F.) Chardon benit. Earn. Cynarocephalese. Sex. 
 Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia frustranea. A strong 
 decoction of the herb is emetic : — a strong infu- 
 sion, diaphoretic [ ? ] ; a light infusion, tonic and 
 stomachic. Dose, gr. xv to ^j of the powder. 
 
 Centaurea Calcitea'pa, Calcitra'i^a, Calca- 
 trep'pola, Car'duus solstitia'lis seu stella'tus, 
 Ja'cea ramosis' sima, Cacotrih'ulus, Galcitrap'jia 
 stella'ta seu hippojjhcBs'tum, Stella'ta rupi'na, 
 Centaure'a stella'ta. Common Star-Thistle, Star- 
 Knapineed, (F.) Centauree etoilee, Chardon etoile, 
 Chaiissetrappe, Pignerole. It is possessed of 
 tonic properties, and has been given in intermit- 
 tents, dyspepsia, <Scc. It is not much used. 
 
 Cextaurea CENTAURi'ujr, Rhapon'ticum, vul- 
 ga're, Centauri'um magnum seu majus seu offici- 
 na'le. Greater Cen'taury, (F.) Centauree grande. 
 It is a bitter; and was formerly used as a tonic, 
 especially the root. 
 
 Centaueea Cy'anus, Cy'anus, Blue bottle, 
 Corn-flower, Blue bonnets, (Sc.) Blaioort, (F.) 
 Blavelle, Blaveole, Blaverolle, Bluet, Barheau, 
 Aubifoin, Gasse-lunette. The flowers were once 
 much used as a cordial, tonic, &c. They are now 
 forgotten. 
 
 Centadrea Stellata, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
 CENTAUREE ETOILEE, Centaurea calci- 
 trapa — c. Grande, Centaurea centaurium — c. Pe- 
 tite, Chironia centaurium. 
 
 CENTAUREUM, Chironia centaurium, 
 CENTAURIS, Chironia centaurium. 
 CENTAURIUM MAGNUM, Centaurea cen- 
 taurium — c. Minus vulgare, Chironia centaurium 
 — c. Ofiicinale, Centaurea centaurium — c. Par- 
 Tum, Chironia centaurium. 
 
 CENTAURY, AMERICAN, Chironia angu- 
 laris — c. European, Chironia centaurium — c. 
 Greater, Centaurea centaurium — c. Lesser, Chi- 
 ronia centaurium. 
 
 CENTESIS, Paracentesis, Puncture. 
 CENTIGRAMME, (F.) from centum, 'a hun- 
 dred,' and Ypaixfia, ' gramme,' Centigram'ma. 
 The hundredth part of a gramme. A centigram- 
 me is equal to about the fifth part of a French 
 grain, gr. .1543 Troy. 
 
 CENTILITRE, Centili'tra, from centum, 'a 
 hundred,' and Xirpa, 'litre.' An ancient Greek 
 measure for liquids : — the hundredth part of a 
 litre — equal to nearly 2.7053 fluidrachms. 
 
 CENTIMETRE, Centim'eter ; the hundredth 
 part of a metre — equal to about four lines, 
 .3937 English inch. 
 
 CENTIMORBIA, Lysimachia nummularia. 
 CENTINERVIA, Plantago. 
 CENTINODE, Polygonum aviculare. 
 CENTINODIA, Polygonum aviculare. 
 CENTO VIRGINALIS, Hymen. 
 CENTRAD, see Central aspect. 
 CENTRADIAPH'ANES, Catarac'ta centra'- 
 lis, from Kcvrpov, ' centre,' a, privative, and Sia- 
 ipavrig, 'transparent.' Cataract owing to obscurity 
 of the central portion of the crystalline. 
 
 CENTRAL, Centra'lis, from centrum, ' the cen- 
 tre.' Relating or appertaining to the centre. 
 
 Central Ar'tery of the Ret'ina, Arte'ria 
 Centra'lis Ret'incB, Central Artery of Zinn. 
 This artery is given ofi" from the arteria oph- 
 thalmica, and penetrates the optic nerve a little 
 behind the ball of the eye ; running in the 
 axis of the nerve, and spreading out into many 
 small branches upon the inside of the retina. 
 When the nerve is cut across near the eye, the 
 
CENTRE 
 
 185 
 
 CEPHALANTHUS 
 
 orifice of the divided artery is observable. This 
 was formerly called Portis Op'ticm. 
 
 Central Aspect. An aspect towards the cen- 
 tre of an organ. — Barclay. Centrad is used by 
 the same writer adverbially, to signify 'towards 
 the central aspect.' 
 
 CENTRE, Centrum, Kevrpov, (F.) Centre. The 
 middle point of a figure or body. 
 
 Centre op Action. The viscus in which the 
 whole or a great part of any function is executed, 
 'and to which several other organs contribute. 
 Thus, the vital activity seems to be wholly cen- 
 tred in the stomach, during chymification; in the 
 duodenum, during chylification. In like manner, 
 the uterus becomes a centre of action during 
 gestation. 
 
 Centre, Epigas'tric. The ganglions and ner- 
 vous plexuses, formed by the great sympathetic 
 and pneumogastric nerves, in the epigastrium, 
 around the cceliac artery ; where the impressions 
 received from various parts of the body seem to 
 be centred. 
 
 Centre op Fltjx'ion. The part towards which 
 fluids are particularly attracted. An irritated 
 organ is said to be a centre of fluxion. 
 
 Centres, Nervous, (F.) Centres nervenx. The 
 organs whence the nerves originate; as the brain 
 and spinal marrow. 
 
 Centre, Optic, see Optic centre. 
 
 Centre, Oval, Centrum Ova'le, C. 0. Vievsse'- 
 nii, Tegumen'tum ventriculo'rum cer'ehri. When 
 the two hemispheres of the brain are sliced away, 
 till on a level with the corpus callosum, the me- 
 dullary part in each is of an oval shape : hence 
 called centrum ovale minus, (F.) centre medulla-ire 
 hemispheral. The two centres of the opposite 
 sides, together with the corpus callosum, form 
 the centrum ovale of Vieus' sens. Vieussens sup- 
 posed all the medullary fibres to issue from that 
 point, and that it was the great dis]] ens atari/ of 
 the animal spirits. 
 
 Centre, Phrenic, Ten'dinous Centre of the 
 Di'aphragm, Centrum Phren'ieum seu Ner'veum 
 seu Tendino'sum seu Tendin'eum, (F.) Centre 
 jthrenique ou tendineux du Diaphrngme. The 
 central aponeurosis or eordiform tendon of the 
 diaphragm. 
 
 Centre op Sympathet'ic Irradia'tions, (F.) 
 Centre d' irradiations si/mpalhiques. Any organ 
 which excites, sympathetically, the action of 
 other organs, more or less distant from it; and 
 with which it seems to have no immediate com- 
 munication. — Marjolin. 
 
 Centre, Tendinous, op the Diaphragm, 
 Centre, phrenic. 
 
 CENTROMYRINE, Ruscus. 
 
 CE N T R S T A L'T I C, GentrostaV ticus. badly 
 formed from centrumj 'the centre,' and areWu), 'I 
 send.' An epithet applied by Dr. Marshall Hall 
 to the action of the vis nervosa in the spinal 
 centre. 
 
 CENTRUM, see Vertebraj— c. Commune, So- 
 lar plexus — c. Nerveum, Centre, phrenic — c. Op- 
 ticum, Optic centre — ^c. Ovale, Centre, oval — c. 
 Ovale minus, see Centre, oval — c. Ovale of Vieus- 
 sens, Centre, oval — c-. Semicirculare geminum. 
 Taenia semicireularis — c. Tendinosum, Centre, 
 phrenic. 
 
 Centrum Vita'le, Nodus seu Fons vita'Us, 
 (F.) Noeud vital. A term applied, at times, to 
 the medulla oblongata; at others, to the medulla 
 oblongata, and the medulla spinalis as far as the 
 second cervical nerve of the spinal marrow, in 
 any part of which a wound would seem to be in- 
 stantly fatal. It is the nervous centre of respi- 
 ration and deglutition. 
 
 CENTRY, Chironia angularis. 
 
 CENTUM CAPITA, Eryngium campestre. 
 
 CENTUMNODIA, Polygonum aviculare. 
 
 CEP A ASCALONICA, Bulbus esculentus, 
 Echalotte — c. Marina, Scilla — c. Victorialis, Al- 
 lium victoriale — c. Vulgaris, Allium cepa. 
 
 CEPjEA, Veronica beccabunga. 
 
 CEPHAELINUM, Emetine. 
 
 CEPHAELIS IPECACUANHA, Ipecacuanha. 
 
 CEPHAL^'A, Headach, (F.) Cephalee, from 
 Kc<pa\ji, 'head.' Some use the term synonymously 
 with cephalalgia; others, for a periodical head- 
 ach ; others, again, for a more violent headach 
 than cephalalgia implies; and others for a chronic 
 headach. The last was its ancient signification. 
 
 Cephalm'a spasmod'ica, Cepihalal'gia sjyasmod'- 
 ica, C. Nauseo'sa, Sick-headaeh, is characterized 
 by partial, spasmodic pain ; often shifting from 
 one part of the head to another: chiefly com- 
 mencing in the morning, with sickness and faint- 
 ness. It is extremely apt to recur, notwithstand- 
 ing every care. 
 
 Cephal^a Arthritica, Cephalagra— c. He- 
 micrania, Hemicrania — c. Nauseosa, C. Spas- 
 modica — c. Pnlsatilis, Crotaphe. 
 
 CEPHAL^MATO'MA, (F.) CiphaUmntome, 
 from Kt(f>a\ri, 'head,' and 'aifxa, 'blood;' Cephalm- 
 mato'ma neonato'rum, Ecchymo'ma cap'itis, E. 
 capitis recens nato'rum, Thromhus neonato'rum, 
 Absces'sits cap'itis sanguin'eus neonatorum, Tumor 
 cap'itis sanguin'eus rieonato'rum, Cephalophy' ma, 
 Craniohmmaton' cus. Asanguineous tumour, some- 
 times developed between the pericranium and the 
 bones of the head of new-born children. Similar 
 tumours are met with occasionally above other 
 bones, and at all periods of existence. 
 
 Cephalhematoma Neonatorum, Cephalsema- 
 toma. 
 
 CE PH ALjSj'MI A, Hyperce'mia cer'ehri seu 
 Cap'itis, EncephalohcB'mia, (F.) Hyperemie ou 
 Congestion du cervean, Encej)halohemie, H. cer&- 
 hrale, Congestion cerebrale. Accumulation of 
 blood in the vessels of the brain. 
 
 CEPHALAGO'GUS, Cephalodue'tor, Capiti- 
 due' tor, from Ke<paXri, ' head,' and ayioyog, ' a 
 leader, a driver.' An instrument used for draw- 
 ing down the foetal head. 
 
 CEPH'ALAGRA, from Kt<ba\v, 'the head,' and 
 ayjia, 'seizure.' Cephalm'a arthrit'ica, Ifenin- 
 gi'tis arthrit'ica. Gout in the head. 
 
 CEPHALAGRA'PHIA, from/cE0aA^, 'the 
 head,' and ypaiprj, 'a description.' An anatomical 
 description of the head. 
 
 CEPHALAL'GIA, Cephalopo'nia, Cephalo- 
 dyn'ia, Encephalodyn'ia, Homonopa'gia, from 
 K£(/>aX)7, 'the head,' and aXyog, 'pain;' Encepha- 
 lal'gia. Dolor Cap'itis seu cephal'icus, Soda, Pain 
 in the head; Headach, (Sc.) ffedeverk, (Prov.) 
 HedeioarJc, (F.) Cephalalgie, Mai d tete. Every 
 kind of headach, whether symptomatic or idio- 
 pathic, is a cephalalgia. It is ordinarily sympto- 
 matic, and has to be treated accordingly. 
 
 Cephalalgia Contagiosa, Influenza — c. In- 
 flammatoria, Phrenitis. 
 
 Cephalalgia Period'ica, Fehris intermit'tens 
 cephaVica larva'ta, Intermittent headach. Head- 
 ach which returns periodically; properly, per- 
 haps, a form of neuralgia. 
 
 Cephalalgia Pulsatilis, Crotaphe — c. Spas- 
 modica, see Cephal^a. 
 
 CEPHALALOG"IA, from KB(t>a\r,, 'the head,' 
 and Aoyof, 'a discourse.' An anatomical disser- 
 tation on the head. 
 
 CEPHALANTHE B'AMERIQUE, Cepha- 
 lanthus oecidentalis. 
 
 CEPHALAN'THUS OCCIDENTA'LTS, Bnt- 
 tonwood shrub, ButtonbusJi, White Ball, Little 
 Snoivball, Swampwood, Pond Dogwood. Globe- 
 flower, (F.) Cephalanthe d'Amir'ique, Bois de 
 3farais. An ornamental shrub, Ord. Rubiacea? ; 
 Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia, which grows all 
 
CEPHALAKTICA 
 
 186 
 
 CERAS 
 
 over the United States, near streams and ponds, 
 and flowers in July and August. The bark of 
 the root has been iised as an antiperiodic tonic. 
 CEPIIALARTICA, Cephalic remedies. 
 CEPHALATOM'IA, Cephalotom'ia, from 
 Ksipa\ri, ' the head/ and tchveiv, ' to cut.' Ana- 
 tomy, or dissection, or opening of the head. 
 CEPHALEj^Head. 
 
 CEPHALE3IA T03IE, Cephalffimatoma. 
 
 CEPHAL'IC, Cephnl'icua, Capita'lis, from 
 KC(pa\v, 'the head.' (P.) Ceiihaliqiie. Relating 
 to the head. 
 
 Cephal'ic Rem'edies, CephaV ica sen Capita'- 
 lia remed'ia, are remedies capable of relieving 
 affections of the head, especially headach : — 
 Cephalar'tica. 
 
 Cephal'ic Vein, Vena CepTial'ica seu Cap'- 
 itis, (P.) Veine cephaNque, Veine radiale cutanee 
 of Chaussier. The great superficial vein at the 
 outer part of the arm and fore-arm. It begins 
 on the back of the hand, by a number of radicles, 
 which unite into a single trunk, called the OepJi- 
 alieofthe Thumb, Cephal'ica Pol'liois, (F.) Veiiie 
 cephalique dn p)nuce. It ascends along the ante- 
 rior and outer part of the fore-arm, where it forms 
 the snperjicial radial. At the fold of the elbow 
 it receives the median cephalic, ascends along the 
 outer edge of the biceps, and opens into the axil- 
 lary vein. The name Cephalic was given to it by 
 the ancients, because they thought it had some 
 connection with the head, and that blood-letting 
 ought to be performed on it, in head affections. 
 
 Chaussier calls the internal jugular, Veine ce- 
 phalique, and the primary or common carotid, 
 Artere cephalique. 
 
 CEPHALIDIUM, see Caput 
 
 CEPHALI'NE. The base orroot of the tongue. 
 — Gorreeus. 
 
 CEPIIALIS, see Caput. 
 
 CEPHALITIS, Phrenitis. 
 
 CEPHALIUM, see Caput 
 
 CEPIIALODUCTOR, Cephalagogus. 
 
 CEPHALODYM'IA, Encephalodi/m'ia; from 
 Kt<pa\t], 'head,' and &vij>, 'I enter into.' A class 
 of double monstrosities, in which the heads are 
 united. It is divided into two genera, Fronto- 
 dym'ia and Bregmatodym'ia: in the former the 
 union being between the ossa frontis ; in the lat- 
 ter between the bregmata. — Cruveilhier. 
 
 CEPHALODYNIA, Cephalalgia. 
 
 CEPHALffiDEMA, Hydrocephalus. 
 
 CEPHALOG'RAPHY, Gephalograph'ia; from 
 Ke<pa\rj, 'head,' and Ypa(prj, 'a description.' An 
 anatomical description of the head. 
 
 CEPHALOID, Encephaloid. 
 
 C^EPRAJjOL'OGcY, Cephalolog"ia;h-omK£(l>a\ti, 
 and Xoyog, ' a discourse.' A treatise on the head. 
 
 CEPHALOMA, Encephaloid. 
 
 CEPHALOM'ELUS, (F.) Cephalomlle ; from 
 KS(pa\r;, 'head,' and ixeXo;, 'a limb.' A monster 
 having one or two accessory limbs on the head. 
 —I. G. St Hilaire. 
 
 CEPHALO-MENINGITIS, Meningo-eephali- 
 tis. 
 
 CEPHALOM'ETER, (P.) Ciphalomltre, from 
 KE(pakri. 'the head,' and ftcrpov, 'measure.' An 
 instrument for measuring the different dimensions 
 of the foetal head, during the process of accouche- 
 ment A kind of forceps. 
 
 CEPHALON'OSUS, from Ke<pa\ri, 'the head,' 
 and voaog, ' disease.' This term has been applied 
 to the Fehris Hungar'ica, in which the head was 
 much affected. See Fever, Hungaric. Others 
 have so called any cerebral disease or fever. 
 
 CEPHALOPAGES, Symphyocephalus. 
 
 CEPH'ALO-PHARYNGiE'US, from Keij>aXv, 
 'the head,' and <papvy^, 'the pharynx:' belonging 
 to the head and pharynx. Winslow has given 
 
 this name to the portion of the constrictor pha- 
 rynqis superior, which is attached, above, to the 
 inferior surface of the basilary process of the os 
 occipitis. The Ceph'alo-pharynge'al Aponeuro'- 
 sis is a thin, fibrous membrane, which is attached 
 to the basilary process, and gives insertion to the 
 fibres of the constrictor superior pharyngis. 
 CEPHALOPHYMA, Cephalsematoma. 
 CEPHALOPONIA, Cephalalgia. 
 CEPHALO-RACHIDIAN, Cephalo-spinal. 
 CEPHALOSOMATODYM'IA, Encephaloso- 
 matodym'ia ; from KcfaXr), 'head,' au>ixa, 'body,' 
 and ivi», 'I enter into.' A double monstrosity, 
 in which the union is between the heads and the 
 trunks. Of this there are varieties : — for exam- 
 ple, liifra-maxillostermodj/m'ia, where the union 
 is with the inferior maxillary bones and sterna ; 
 and Prosoposternodym'ia, between the faces and 
 sterna. — Cruveilhier. 
 
 CEPHALO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spina'lis, Cep¥- 
 alo-rachid'ian, Enceph' alo-rachid' ian, Cer'ehro- 
 spi.nal, Cer'ebro-rachid'ian, Craniospinal. A 
 hybrid term, from K€<jia\ri, 'head,' and spina, 
 'spine.' Belonging to the head and spine. 
 
 Ceph'alo-spinal Fluid, Cephalo-rachid'ian 
 fluid, Cer'ebro-spinal fluid, Flu'idum cer'ehro- 
 spina'le. Subarachnoid' ean fluid, (P.) Liquide 
 ciphalo-ro.chidien, is an exhaled fluid, which is 
 found beneath the arachnoid, wherever pia mater 
 exists in connexion with the brain and spinal 
 cord. It seems to have a protecting office, and 
 to keep up a certain degree of pressure on the 
 organ — at least in the spinal canal. 
 
 CEPHALOTHORACOSTERU'MENUS, from 
 Ki^aXr], 'head,' Oiapa^. 'the chest,' and artpsiv, 'to 
 rob.' A monster without head or chest. 
 CEPHALOTOMIA, Eccephalosis. 
 CEPHALOTBTBE, (P.) An instrument in- 
 vented by Baudelocque, the nephew, for crushing 
 the head of the foetus in utero; from KtipaXri, 'the 
 head,' and TptPoi, ' I bruise.' It consists of a 
 strong forceps, the blades of which are solid: 16 
 lines broad, and 3 thick. The handles are per- 
 forated at their extremity to receive a screw with 
 three threads, the direction of which is very ob- 
 lique, so as to allow great rapidity of rotation, 
 and the screw is moved by a winch 6 inches long, 
 to increase the force of the pressure. The bones 
 of the head are easily crushed by it. 
 
 CEPHALOTRIP'SY, Cephalotrip'sis ; same 
 etymon as Cepthalotribe. The operation of crush- 
 ing the head of the foetus in utero. 
 CEPHALOTRYPESIS, Trepanning. 
 CEPHALOXIA, Torticollis. 
 CEPULLA, Allium cepa. 
 CER, Heart. 
 
 CERA PLAVA et CERA ALBA, €ero8, Yel- 
 loto and White Wax, (P.) Cire Jaune et Blanche. 
 An animal substance prepared by th-e bee, and 
 by some plants, as the Cerox'ylon and Myri'ca 
 cerif'era. Its colour is yellow, and smell like 
 that of honey, but both are lost by bleaching. 
 It is demulcent and emollient; is sometimes given 
 in the form of emulsion, in diarrhoea and dysen- 
 tery, but is chiefly used in cerates and ointments. 
 CERM'M, from Kepag, 'a horn,' Ktpaiai. The 
 Cornua of the uterus. — Rufus of Ephesus. 
 
 CERAM'ICE, Cerami' tis, irom. Kepapof, 'potter's 
 earth.' A sort of earth used as a cataplasm in 
 peri pneuinony.— Hippocrates. 
 
 CERAMIUM, Amphora — c. Helminthochortus, 
 Corallina Corsieana. 
 
 CERAMNIUM, Amphora. 
 CERAMURIA, see Urine. 
 CERANTHEMUS, Propolis. 
 CERAS, K£pas, 'genitive,' Kcparas, 'horn,' Oor- 
 nu; also, the Cornea. Hence, Ceratectomia, Ce- 
 ratocele, &c. 
 
CERASION 
 
 1 
 
 CERATOTOMIA 
 
 CERASION', see Prunus cerasus. 
 
 CERAS'MA, from KepavwiJi, 'to mix:' some- 
 thing mixed. A mixture of hot and cold water. 
 Ifetaceras'ma. — Gorrseus. 
 
 CERASUM, see Prunus cerasus. 
 
 CERASUS ACIDA, Prunus cerasus — c. Avi- 
 um, Prunus avium, P. nigra — c. Dulcis, Prunus 
 nigra — c. Hortensis, Prunus cerasus — c. Lauro- 
 eerasus, Prunus laurocerasus — c. Padus, Prunus 
 padus — c. Racemosus sylvestris, Prunus padus 
 — c. Rubra, Prunus cerasus — c. Serotina, Prunus 
 Virginiana — c. Virginiana, Prunus Virginiana — 
 0. Vulgaris, Prunus cerasus. 
 
 C£RAT BLANG ou DE G ALIEN, Ceratum 
 Galeni — c. de Blanc de Baleine, Ceratum cetacei 
 — c. de Goulard, Ceratum plumbi — c. poitr les 
 Levres, Cerate for the lips — c. de Plomh compoKe, 
 Ceratum plumbi compositum — c. de Savon, Ce- 
 ratum Saponis — e. de Siiracetate de plomb, Cera- 
 tum plumbi superacetatis. 
 
 CE'RATE, Cera'tum, from Kr/pa;, Lat. cei-a, 
 ' wax,' Cereles' um, Cero'ma, Cero'niurn, Cero'tum, 
 Cero'leum, Oleo-eera' turn, Ceratomalag'ma, (P.) 
 Cerat, Oleo-cerole, ElcBOcerole, Cereoli, Liparoide. 
 A composition of wax, oil, or lard, without other 
 ingredients. 
 
 Cerate, Simple Cerate, Cera'tum, Cera'tum 
 simplex^ (Ph. U. S.), (F.) Cerat Simple. {White 
 wax, %'\y. Lard, ^^viij.) It is applied as an 
 emollient to excoriations, &o. See Ceratum Ce- 
 tacei. 
 
 Cerate, Belleville's, see Unguentum Hy- 
 drargyri nitrico-oxydi. 
 
 Cerate of Cal'amine, Cera'tum Calami'nm 
 seu Calamina prapara'ta seu Carbona' tis zinci 
 impu'ri seu Zinci Carbona'tis seu lap'idis Ca- 
 lamina'ris seu epulot'icum. Cerate of Carbonate 
 of Zinc, Turner's Cerate, Healing Salve, (F.) 
 C&rat de Pierre Calaminaare, C. de Calamine. 
 {Galamin., CercB flavcB, aa "^u^, adiptis, ibj. Melt 
 the wax and lard together, and, on cooling, add 
 the carbonate of zinc and stir till cool. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Cerate of Canthar'ides, Cera'tum Canthar'- 
 idis seu Lyttm, Blister Ointment, Ointment of 
 Spanish Flies, Unguen'tum ad vesicato'ria seu 
 Pul'veris Blel'oes vesicato'rii seu episjyas'ticmn 
 for'tius, (F.) Cerat de Cantharides. (Spermaceti 
 cerate ,^vj, Cantharides in powder, ^j. The 
 cerate being softened by heat, stir in the flies.) 
 This cerate of the European Pharmacopoeias is 
 used to keep blisters, issues, Ac, open. See Un- 
 guentum Lyttae. For the Cerate of Spanish flies 
 of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, see Emplastrum 
 Lytta;. 
 
 Cerate, Goulard's, Ceratum plumbi compo- 
 situm. 
 
 Cerate, Kirkland's Neutral. [Diachyl. 
 I^viij, olive oil ^iv, prepared chalk ^iv : when 
 nearly cool, add Acet. dest. giv, plumb superacet. 
 J^iij.) A cooling emollient. 
 
 Cerate or Pojia'tuji for the Lips, Cera'tum 
 labia'le rubrum, Pomma'tum ad labia demulcen' - 
 da. — Ph. P. (F.) Cerat ou Pommade pour les 
 levres, (Wax 9 parts; oil 16 parts; — coloured 
 with alkanet.) 
 
 Cerate, Lead, Compound, Ceratum plumbi 
 compositum. 
 
 Cerate, Marshall's. (Palm oil f^vi. calomel 
 ^j, sugar of lead ^ss, ointment of nitrate of mer- 
 
 Cerate, Resin, Compound, Ceratum Resinee 
 compositum — c. Savine, Ceratum sabinae — c. 
 Soap, Ceratum saponis — c. Spermaceti, Ceratum 
 cetacei — c. of Superacetate or sugar of lead, Ce- 
 ratum plumbi superacetatis — c. Turner's, Cerate 
 of Calamine — e. of Carbonate of zinc. Cerate of 
 calamine. 
 
 CERATECTOM'IA, from Kcpa;, Keparo;, 'the 
 
 cornea,' and cKTOfxog, 'cut out.' An incision 
 through the cornea. See Ceratotomia. 
 CERATIA, Ceratonium siliqua. 
 CERATI'ASIS, Kerati'asis, from Kzpag, Ktparog, 
 ' horn.' A morbid condition characterized by 
 corneous growths. 
 CERATION, Siliqua. 
 
 CERATI'TIS, Kerati'tis, from Kepas, KtpaTo;, 
 'the cornea,' and itis, 'inflammation.' Inflam- 
 mation of the cornea, Cerati'tis, Ceratode'i'tis, 
 Kerat.odei'tis, Ceratomeningi'tis, Cornei'tis, In- 
 flamma'tio cor'necB. 
 
 CERATIUM, Ceratonium siliqua. 
 
 CER'ATO. In composition, relating or apper- 
 taining to the eornua of the os hyoides, or to the 
 cornea. _ 
 
 CERATOCE'LB, Keratoce'le,^ Aquula, Uva'- 
 tio, Prominen'tia Cor' nece, Hernia Cor'necB, Cera- 
 todeoce'le, from Kspa;, Keparos, 'horn,' and Kri'S.ri, 
 'tumour.' A protrusion of the transparent cor- 
 nea, or rather of the membrane of the aqueous 
 humour, through an opening in the cornea. 
 
 CERATODEITIS, Ceratitis. 
 
 CERATODEOCELE, Ceratocele. 
 
 CERATODEONYXIS, Ceratonyxis. 
 
 CERATODES MEMBRANA, Cornea. 
 
 CERATOGLOS'SUS, Kerafoglos'sus, from ce- 
 rato, and yXuacra, ' the tongue.' A muscle, ex- 
 tending from the great eornu of the os hyoides to 
 the base of the tongue. It is a part of the hyo- 
 glossus. 
 
 CERATOIDES, Cornea. 
 
 CERATOLEUCOMA, Leucoma. 
 
 CERATO'MA, Cerato'sis, from xepag, Ktparog, 
 'horn.' A horny growth, or horny formation. 
 
 CER'ATO-MALA'CIA, Ker'ato-mala'cia, from 
 Ktpag, Keparog, 'cornea,' and fiaXaKia, 'softness.' 
 Softening of the cornea, the result of inflamma- 
 tion or of starvation. 
 
 CERATO-MALAGMA, Cerate. 
 
 CERATO-MENINGITIS, Ceratitis. 
 
 CERATO-MENINX, Cornea. 
 
 CERATO'NIA, SIL'IQUA, from K^pag, Ksparog, 
 'a horn' — from its hornlike pod. The Carob 
 Tree, Cera'tium, Cera'tia, Sil'iqua dulcis, Caro'- 
 ba Alnabati, Siceetpod, (F.) Caroubier, (Fruit, 
 Carouge.) This — the fruit of the Ceratonia sili- 
 qua — is mucilaginous, and employed in decoction 
 where mucilages are indicated. 
 
 CERATONYX'IS, Keratomjx'is, Ceratodeo- 
 nyx'is, from Kepag, Keparog, 'the cornea,' and vv(7- 
 ao), 'I puncture.' An operation by which the 
 crystalline is depressed by means of a needle in- 
 troduced into the eye through the cornea. Some 
 divide the crystalline into fragments with the 
 needle, and leave them to the action of the ab- 
 sorbents. The operation is as old as th-e 17th 
 century. 
 
 CER'ATO-PHARYNGE'US,5'er'a«o-P7,.a,-2/n- 
 ge'us, from cerato, and ipapvy^, 'the pharynx.' 
 The great and small Cer' ato-pharynge' i are small 
 fleshy bundles, forming part of the Hyo-pharyn- 
 geus of Winslow. _ 
 
 CERATOPLAS'TICE, Cer' atojilasty , Ker'ato- 
 plasty, from Ktpag, Keparog, ' the cornea,' and -Aoct- 
 TiKog, ' forming, formative.' The operation for the 
 formation of an artificial cornea. It has not been 
 practised on man. 
 
 CERATORRHEX'IS, Ruptn'ra cor'nea:, from 
 Ktpag, Ktparog, 'the cornea,' and pn^i-g, 'rupture.' 
 Rupture of the cornea. 
 
 CERATOSIS, Ceratoma. 
 
 CER'ATO-STAPHYLI'NUS, Ker'oto-staphy- 
 li'nus, from cerato, and aratpvXij, 'the uvula.' 
 Some fleshy fibres of the Thyro-staphylinus of 
 Winslow. 
 
 CERATOTO'MIA, Ceratectom'ia, from Ktpag, 
 Ktparog, 'cornea,' and rtfivtiv, 'to cut.' Section 
 of the transparent cornea. This incision is used 
 
CERATOTOMUS 
 
 188 
 
 CEREBELLITIS 
 
 in the operation for cataract, to give exit to pus 
 effused in the eye, in case of hj'popyon, <fec. 
 
 CERATOT'OMUS, Keratot'omus, Eerat'omus, 
 from KZiiai, KspuTos, ' cornea,' and rijivtiv, ' to cut.' 
 A name given by Wenzel to his knife for dividing 
 the transparent cornea, in the operation for cata- 
 ract. Many modifications of the instrument have 
 been made since Wenzel's time. See Knife, ca- 
 taract. 
 
 CERATUM, Cerate— -c. Album, Ceratum ceta- 
 cei, Ceratum Galeni — c. de Altheea, Unguentum 
 dc Althgea — c. Calamines, Cerate of Calamine — 
 e. Cantharidis, Cerate of Cantharides, Emplas- 
 trum LyttEe — c. de Cerussa, Unguentum plumbi 
 subcarbonatis. 
 
 Cera'tum Ceta'cei, C. Spermacet'i seu album 
 seu cefi seu simplex (Ph. E.), Unguen'tum Ceta'- 
 cei (Ph. D.) seu adipoce'rfB ceto'rum, Linimen'- 
 tum album, EmpAas' trum Sperm' atis Ceti, Sperma- 
 ceti Cerate, (F.) Cerat de bJanc de baleine, On- 
 guent blanc. {^Spermaceti, ^j ; white tcax, §iij ; 
 olive oil, f ^vi. Ph. U. S.) A good emollient to 
 ulcers, &c. 
 
 Ceratum Ceti, Ceratum cetacei — e. Cicuta3, 
 Ceratum conii — c. Citrinum, Ceratum resinse. 
 
 Cera'ttjm Coxi'i. Cera'tum Cicu'tcB- ( U^ng. 
 conii, tt)j ; cetacei, ^ij ,• eercB alba, ^iij.) A for- 
 mula in Bartholomew's Hospital; occasionally 
 applied to cancerous, scrofulous sores, <fec. 
 
 Ceeatum Epuloticum, Cerate of calamine. 
 
 Cera'tum Gale'ni, C. album seu refrig"erans 
 Gale'ni, Unguen'tum cera'tum seu aviygdali'num 
 seu simplex, Emplas'trum ad fontic'ulos, O'leo- 
 cera'tum aqud suba.c'tum, Cold. Cream, (F.) Cerat 
 hlane ou de Galiex. ( White wax, i parts ; oil 
 of siceet almonds, 16 parts ; add, when melted, 
 tcater or rose-tcaJer, 12 parts. Ph. P.) A mild 
 application to chaps, &c. 
 
 Cera'tum HvDEAR'eYRi Compos'itum, Com- 
 pound Cerate of 3Iercury. (Urig. Hydrarg., Ce- 
 rat. So.pon. Comp., aa, §vj; Camphor, ,^iss. 
 Rub together. Ph. L.) A discutient to indolent 
 tumours. 
 
 Ceratum Laeiale Rubrum, Cerate for the 
 lips — c. Lapidis calaminaris. Cerate of calamine 
 — e. LithargjTi acetati compositum, Ceratum 
 plumbi compositum — c. Lyttae, Cerate of cantha- 
 rides — c. Mercuriale, Unguentum hydrargyri — c. 
 Picatum, Pisselaeum. 
 
 Ceratum Plumbi Compos'itum, C. LitJiar'gyri 
 Aceta'ti Comptos' itum seu Sabaceta'ti p)lumhi medi- 
 ca'tura seu Plumbi Subaceta'tis (Ph. U. S.) seu Sa- 
 tur'iii, Comj)ound Lead Cerate, Goidard's Cerate, 
 Goxdard's Ointment, (F.) Cerat de Goulard, C. de 
 Plomb compose. [Liq. pilumb. subacet., §iiss; 
 cerce flavcB, ,^iv,- ol. oliv., ^i.x; campihorca, Jss. 
 Ph. U. S.) Its virtues are the same as the next. 
 
 Ceratum Plumbi Supeeaceta'tis, C. Plumbi 
 Aceta'tis, Unguentum Cerus'sce Aceta'tcB, Cerate 
 of Superacetate or Sugar of Lead, Ungxientum Ace- 
 tatis Plumbi, (F.) Cerat de suracetate de Plomh. 
 {Acetate of lead, Jij : tchite wax, 5ij ; olive oil, 
 B)ss.) Cooling and astringent. 
 
 Cekatum Refhigerans Galexi, Ceratum Ga- 
 leni. 
 
 Ceratum Resi'n.e, C. Resi'na fiavm seu cit'ri- 
 •num, Unguen'tum basil'icon flavum, seu Resi'ncB 
 flavce seu Pesino'sum., Pesin Cerate or Ointment, 
 Yellow Basil'icon, Basil'icon Ointment. {Pesin. 
 flav., ^v; CercB flav., ^iy, Adipis, gviij. Ph. 
 U. S.) A stimulating application to old ulcers, 
 &o. Digestive. 
 
 Dr. Smellome's Ointment for the Eyes consists 
 of finely powdered verdigris, ^ss, rubbed with 
 oil, and then mixed with an ounce of ceratum 
 resincB. 
 
 Ceratum Resi'njg Compos'itum, Compound 
 Pesin Cerate, {Pesin., Sevi, CercB favcB, aa, ft j j 
 Terebinth., ftss ; 01. Lini, Oss. JDeshlei-'s Salve. 
 
 Melt together, strain through linen, and stir till 
 cool. Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Ceratum Sabi'x^, Unguentum Sabinm, Savine 
 Cerate, (F.) Cerat de Sabine. {Savine, in pow- 
 der, ^ij; Pesin Cerate, Ibj. Ph. U. S. Irrita- 
 tive, ' drawing.' Used in the same cases as the 
 cerate of cantharides. 
 
 Ceeatum Sapo'xis, C. Sapo'nis Compos'itum^ 
 Soa.p Cerate, (F.) Cerat de Savon. {Liq. Plumb, 
 subacetat., Oij ; Sapon, ^vy, CercB aibcB,^x; 01. 
 olivcE, Oj. Boil the solution of subacetate of lead 
 with the soap over a slow fire, to the consistence 
 of honey; then transfer to a water-bath, and eva- 
 porate until all the moisture is dissipated ; lastly, 
 add the wax, previously melted with the oil, and 
 mix. Ph. U. S.) It is applied in cases of sprains 
 or fractures, 
 
 Ceratum Saturx% Ceratum plumbi composi- 
 tum — c. Simplex, Cerate, simple, Ceratum ceta- 
 cei- — c. Spermaceti, Ceratum cetacei — c. Subace- 
 tati plumbi medicatum, Ceratum plumbi composi- 
 tum — c. Tetrapharmacum, Pisselseum. 
 
 Ceratum Zixci Carboxatis, Cerate of Car- 
 bonate of Zinc. {Zinei carbonat. prcejjarat., ^\y, 
 Ung. simpL, ^x. Ph. U. S.) Used in the same 
 cases as the Ceratum calaminte. 
 
 CERAU'jSTION", from Ktpavvos, 'thunder,' 'a 
 thunderbolt.' Lapis fulmin'eus. A kind of stone, 
 which was believed to be formed during thunder; 
 and to be possessed of the power of inducing 
 sleep, and numerous other prophylactic virtues. 
 It was rubbed on the knee, breast, <tc., in swell- 
 ings of those parts. 
 
 CERBERA AHOYAI, see Strychnine. 
 
 Cerbera Taughln', Taughin'ia, T. venenif'era. 
 A tree of Madagascar, Order, Apocynacese; the 
 kernel of whose fruit is a deadlj' poison ; and al- 
 though not larger than an almond is sufficient to 
 destroy twenty people. 
 
 Cerbera Thevetia, see Strychnine. 
 
 CERBERUS TRICEPS, Pulvis cornachini. 
 
 CERCA'RIA, from KepKog, 'a tail.' A genus 
 of agastric, caudate, infusory animalcules, one of 
 the most curious of which inhabits the tartar of 
 the teeth. The, so called, spermatozoa have been 
 presumed by some to belong to this genus. 
 
 CERCHNASMUS, Corchnus. 
 
 CERCHXOMA, Cerehnus. 
 
 CERCHXUS, Cerchnas'mus, Cerchnnm, Cerch- 
 no'ma, from Kzp'xyeoj, ' I render hoarse.' A rough 
 voice produced by hoarseness. See Rattle. 
 
 CEPCIPIS, Tragopogon porrifolium. 
 
 CER'CIS, KzpKi?. A sort of pestle for reducing 
 substances to powder. Also, the radius or small 
 bone of the arm. See Pilum, and Radius. 
 
 CEPCLE, Cireulus — e. de la Charoide, Ciliary 
 ligament — e. Ciliare, Ciliary ligament. 
 
 CERCO'SIS, from KtpKoi, 'a tail.' Men'tula 
 mulie'bris, the Clit'oris. Some authors have em- 
 ployed the word synonymously with nymphoma- 
 nia and elongation of the clitoris; and with Poly- 
 pus Uteri, the Sareo'ma Cerco'sis of Sauvages. 
 
 Cercosis Clitoridis, Clitorism — c. Externa, 
 CHtorism. 
 
 CEREA, Cerumen. 
 
 CEREA'LIA, from Ceres, 'goddess of corn.' 
 (F.) Cereales {Plantes.) The cerealia are gra- 
 mineous plants, the seed of which serve for the 
 nourishment of man : — as wheat, barley, rye, <tc. 
 At times, the same term is applied to some of the 
 leguminous plants. 
 
 CEREBARIA, Carebaria. 
 
 CEREBEL'LA URI'XA. Urine of a whitish 
 appearance, of the colour of the brain or cerebel- 
 lum, from which Paracelsus thought he could 
 distinguish diseases of that organ. 
 
 CEREBELLI'TIS, badly formed from cere- 
 bellum and itis, denoting inflammation. Paren- 
 cephali'tis, Infamma'tio cerebel'li. Inflammation 
 
CEREBELLOIJS 
 
 ] 89 
 
 CERFEUIL 
 
 of the cerebellnm: a variety of phrenitis or ence- 
 phalitis. 
 
 CEREBEL'LOUS, Cerehello'svs, from cerehel- 
 luni, ' the little brain.' (F.) Cerehelleux. Chaus- 
 sier has given this epithet to the vessels of the 
 cerebellum. These are three in number; two 
 of which are inferior : the larger, inferior cere- 
 helli, which arises from the posterior cerebral or 
 vertebral; and the smaller, whose existence is 
 not constant, from the meso-cephalic or basilary : 
 — the third, called A. cirehelleuse superieure (sti- 
 2)erior cerebelli,) is also a branch of the basilary. 
 
 Cerebel'lous Ap'oplext, Apnplex'ia eere- 
 bello'sa : apoplexy of the cerebellum. 
 
 CEREBEL'LUM, diminutive of Cerebrum ; 
 Cerebrum parvum seu poste'rius, Appen'dix ad 
 cer'ebrum, Encra'nion, Encra'nis, Epencra'nis, 
 Parenceph' alia, Parencepli' ahis, Parenceph' alum, 
 Eneephal'ium, Enceph'alu-s opis'thius, Micrence- 
 piha Hum, 3ficrenceph' alum, Little brain (F.) Cer- 
 velet. A portion of the medullary mass, con- 
 tained in the cavity of the cranium. It fills the 
 lower occipital fossae below the tentorium, and 
 embraces the tuber annulare and medulla. It is 
 composed, like the brain, of vesicular and tubu- 
 lar substance, arranged in laminse, as it were ; 
 so that, when a section is made of it, it has an 
 arborescent appearance, called Arbor vita. The 
 cerebellum is divided into two lobes or hemispheres 
 or lateral masses, Lobus superior anterior seu 
 quadrangula'ris, and Lobus superior posterior seu 
 semiluna'ris, and each lobe is again subdivided 
 into Montie'uli or Lobules. In the cerebellum 
 are to be observed the crura cerebelli, ihe fourth 
 ventricle, the valvula magna cerebri, the processics 
 vermicxdares, superior and inferior, <feo. 
 
 CER'EBRAL, Oerebra'lis, (F.), Cerebral, from 
 cerebrum, ' the brain.' Belonging to the brain ; 
 eimilar to brain. 
 
 Cerebral Apophysis, Pineal gland. 
 
 Cerebral Ar'teries are three on each side : 
 — the anterior or o:rtery of the corpus callosum, 
 and the middle, a.rte'ria Sylcia'na, are furnished 
 by the internal carotid : — the^posterior or poste- 
 rior and inferior artery of the brain, A. profunda 
 cerebri, arises from the vertebral. Chaussier 
 calls these arteries lobaires, because they corre- 
 spond with the anterior, middle, and posterior 
 lobes, whilst he calls the trunks, whence they 
 originate, cerebral. 
 
 Cerebral Nerves are those which arise with- 
 in the cranium, (P.) Kerfs craniens, all of which, 
 perhaps, with the exception of the olfactory, ori- 
 ginate from the medulla oblongata. See Nerves. 
 
 In Pathology, an affection is called cerebral, 
 which specially occupies the brain. Fievre ch-e- 
 brale, Cerebral fever, is a variety in which the 
 head is much affected. 
 
 CEREBRA'TION, Cerebratio, from cerebrum, 
 'the brain.' The action of the brain during any 
 mental or moral manifestation. 
 
 CEREBRIFORM, Encephaloid. 
 
 CEREBRITIS, Phrenitis. 
 
 CEREBROPATHT, see Nervous diathesis. 
 
 CEREBRO-MALACIA, Mollities cerebri. 
 
 CEREBRO-RACHIDIAN, Cephalo-spinal. 
 
 CEREBRO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spinal. Acere- 
 bro-spinal or cerebro-spinant is a neurotic, which 
 exercises a special influence over one or more 
 functions of the brain and spinal cord, and their 
 respective nerves. — Pereira. 
 
 Cerebro-Sptnal Axis, see Encephalon. 
 
 CEREBRO-SPINANT, Cerebro-spinal. 
 
 CER'EBRUM or CERE'BRUM, from Kapa, 
 'the head.' The brain. (F.) Cervenu, Cervelle. 
 This term is sometimes applied to the whole of 
 the contents of the cranium : at others, to the 
 upper portion ; — the posterior and inferior being 
 called cerebellum. The brain, properly so called, 
 
 extends from the os frontis to the superior occi- 
 pital fossEe. Anteriorly, it rests on the orbitar 
 vault : behind this, on the middle fossaj of the 
 base of the cranium; and, posteriorly, on the ten- 
 torium cerebello superextensnm. The upjper sur- 
 face is divided by a deep median cleft [Seissure 
 interlobaire, — Ch.) into two halves, called hemi- 
 spheres, which are united at the base by the 
 corpus callosum. At its surface are numerou.s 
 convolutions. The inferior surface exhibits, from 
 before to behind, three lobes, distinguished into 
 anterior, middle, and posterior. The middle is 
 separated from the anterior by the fissure of 
 Sylvics; and from the posterior, by a shallow 
 furrow which corresponds to the upper portion of 
 the pars petrosa. Internally, the brain has, on 
 the median line, the cor2)us callosum, septum 
 hicidum, fornix, pyineal gland, and third ventricle : 
 — and laterally, the lateral ventricles, in which 
 are the corpora striata, optic thalami, &c. It is 
 contained in a triple envelope, (see Meninges.) 
 Its texture is pulpy, and varies according to age. 
 Two substances may be distinguished in it — the 
 white, medullary, tubular or fibrous — medull'a 
 cer'ebri, (F.) Pulpe cerebral, and the cortical, 
 cineritious, vesicular, or gray. The former is 
 white; and occupies all the interior and base of 
 the brain. The latter is grayish and softer. It 
 is situate particularly at the surface of the organ. 
 
 The brain receives several arterial vessels, fur- 
 nished by the internal carotid and vertebral. Its 
 veins end in the sinuses. It is the material 
 organ of the mental and moral manifestations. 
 According to Gall, each part is the special seat 
 of one of those faculties, and the brain and cere- 
 bellum, inclusive, are called by him ' the nervous 
 system of the mental faculties.' See Craniology. 
 
 The substance of the nervous system — Neurine 
 — has been analyzed by Vauquelin, and found to 
 contain water, 80'00; white fatty matter, 4-53 ; 
 red fatty matter, called cerehrine, 0'70; osma- 
 zome, 1'12; albumen, 7'00; phosphorus, I'oO; 
 sulphur, acid phosphates of potassa, lime, and 
 magnesia, 5"15. 
 
 Cerebrum Abdominale, Solar plexus — c. Elon- 
 gatum. Medulla oblongata — c. Parvum, Cerebel- 
 lum — c. Posterius, Cerebellum. 
 
 CEREC'TOMY, Cerectom'ia, Kerec'tomy, from 
 KEpnf, 'cornea,' and zKTOjiri, 'excision.' Excision 
 of a layer or portion of the cornea. 
 
 CEREFOLIUM, Scandix cerefolium — c. His- 
 panicum, Chasrophyllum odoratum — c. Sylvestre, 
 Chaerophyllum sylvestre. 
 
 CEREL^UM, Cerate. 
 
 CEREOLJ^, Cerate. 
 
 CEREOLUS, Bougie. 
 
 CERERISIA, Cerevisia. 
 
 CERERIUM, Cerium. 
 
 CEREUM MEDTCATUM, Bougie. 
 
 CEREUS, Bougie. 
 
 CEREVIS'IA, quasi Oereris'ia, Cervis'ia, Ce'- 
 lia, Zythus, Zythiim, Liquor Cer'eris, Oivog KpiQrn, 
 Vinum hordea''ceum, Bira, Bryton, Ppvrov, Barley 
 icine, from Ceres, 'corn;' whence it is made. 
 Ale (Alia,) (Sc.) Barley-bree, Barley-corn, Beer, 
 Porter, (F.) Biere, Cervoise. These fluids are 
 drunk by the inhabitants of many countries 
 habitually, and in Great Britain and Germany 
 more than in others. They are nourishing, but 
 not very easy of digestion. The old dispensato- 
 ries contain numerous medicated ales, which are 
 no longer in use. Some, however, are still ad- 
 mitted. They are the Brutoles ou Brytoles of 
 Chereau, Brytolatures of Beral ; — Bieres Medi- 
 ci n ales. 
 
 Cerevisia Abietis, Beer, spruce — c. Nigra, 
 see Falltranck. 
 
 CERFEUIL, Scandix cerefolium — c Musgue, 
 
CERION 
 
 190 
 
 CERVUS 
 
 Chserophyllum odoratum — c. Sauvage, Chaero- 
 phyllum sylvestre- 
 
 CERION, see Favosus, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 CERISIER, Prunus cerasus — c. d Grappes, 
 
 Prunus padus — c. de Virginie, Prunus Virginiana. 
 
 CE'RIUM, Cere'rium. A metal which is never 
 
 found isolated, being usually combined with lan- 
 
 thanium or lantanium and didymium. The 
 
 salts of cerium are supposed to be sedative and 
 
 tonic. They have been used in dyspepsia in its 
 
 various forms ; the vomiting of pregnancy, &e. 
 
 Dose of the oxalate or nitrate, one or two grains. 
 
 CERNIN, SAINT, WATERS OF. St. C. is a 
 
 parish in the diocese of St. Flour, Upper Au- 
 
 vergne, France. The water is a chalybeate. It 
 
 is called Eau du Camhon. 
 
 CERISrOS, Capistrum. 
 
 CEROE'NE, Cerou'ne, or Ciroue'ne, Ceroe'num, 
 from Kijpog, 'wax,' and otvos, 'wine.' A plaster 
 composed of yelloio loax, mutton &uet, pitch. Bur- 
 gundy pitch, bole Armeniac, thus and wine. It 
 was used as a strengthening plaster. Sometimes 
 it contained neither wax nor wine. 
 CEROLEUM, Cerate. 
 CEROMA, Cerate. See Lardaceous. 
 CEROMANTI'A, from Kijpog, 'wax,' and nav- 
 Tua, ' divination.' The art of foretelling the fu- 
 ture, from the figures which melted wax assumes, 
 when suffered to drop on the surface of water. 
 CERONIUM, Cerate. 
 
 CEROPIS'SUS, from Kvpog, 'wax,' and rrnrcra, 
 ' pitch.' A depilatory plaster, composed of pitch 
 and wax. 
 
 CEROS, Cera. 
 
 CEROSTROSIS, Hystriciasis. 
 CEROTUM, Cerate. 
 CEROXYLON, see Cera flava et alba, 
 CERUA, Ricinus communis. 
 CERU'MEN, from cera, 'wax.' C. Au'rivm, 
 Ce'rea, Aurium Sordes, Sordic'ulcB au'rium, 3Iar- 
 mora'ta Au'rium, Cypsele, Ceru'minous Humour, 
 Ear-icax, Cyp'selis, Fu'gile, (F.) Ciredes OretUes. 
 A name given to the unctuous humour, similar 
 to wax in its physical properties, which is met 
 with in the meatus auditorius externus. It is 
 secreted by glands, situate beneath the skin lining 
 the meatus. It lubricates the meatus, preserves 
 the suppleness of the lining membrane, prevents 
 the introduction of bodies floating in the atmo- 
 sphere, and by its bitterness and unctuousness 
 prevents insects from penetrating. 
 
 CERU'MINOUS, Oerumino'sus, (F.) Cerumi- 
 neux. Relating to cerumen. 
 
 Ceruminous Glands, Ceru'minous Follicles, 
 (F.) Glandes ou Follicules ch-umineuses. Glands 
 or follicles which secrete the cerumen. 
 CERUSE, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 CERUSSA ACETATA, Plumbi superacetas — 
 c. Alba Hispanica, Plumbi subcarbonas — c. Alba 
 Norica, Plumbi subcarbonas — c. Nigra, Graphites 
 — c. Psymmithron, Plumbi subcarbonas — c. Ser- 
 pentarise, see Arum maculatum. 
 CERUSSE, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 CERUS'SEA URI'NA. A term used by Para- 
 celsus for the urine, when of a colour like eerusse. 
 CERVARIA ALBA, Laserpitium latifolium. 
 CER VEA U, Cerebrum. 
 CERVELET, Cerebellum. 
 CERVELLE. Cerebrum. 
 CERVI BOLETUS, Elaphomyces Granulatus. 
 CERVI ELAPHI CORNU, Cornu cervi, see 
 Cervus. 
 
 CER'VICAL, Cervica'lis, Traehe'lian, (F.) 
 Traehelien, from cervix, cervicis, the neck, 'the 
 back of the neck.' Every thing which concerns 
 the neck. Cervi'ccd, in antiquity, meant a pillow 
 or bolster. 
 
 Cervical Ar'teries are three in number : 1. 
 
 The ascending, anterior, or sxtperjicial, a branch 
 of the inferior thyroid, distributed to the scaleni 
 muscles and integuments. 2. The transverse 
 [Cervico-scapulaire — Ch.,) a branch of the axil- 
 lary artery, or of the subclavian : distributed to 
 the levator scapulm, trajKzius, &c. 3. The pos- 
 terior or profound, A. transversa' lis colli, Tra- 
 chelo-cervicale — (Ch.) a branch of the subclavian, 
 distributed to the deep-seated muscles on the an- 
 terior and posterior parts of the neck. See, also, 
 Princeps Cervicis (arteria). 
 
 Cervical Gan'glions. The three ganglions 
 of the great sympathetic. The cervical glands 
 or lymphatic glands of the neck are, also, so 
 called. See Trisplanchnic nerve. 
 
 Certical Lig'aments. These are two in 
 number. 1. The anterior, extending from the 
 basilary process of the occipital bone to the an- 
 terior part of the first cervical vertebra. 2. The 
 posterior or supraspi'nous, Ligamen'tum Nu'cha, 
 which extends from the outer occipital protube- 
 rance to the spinous process of the seventh cer- 
 vical vertebra. In animals with large heads it is 
 very strong. 
 
 Cervical Nerves are eight in number on 
 each side, and form the eight cervical pairs, which 
 are the first given off from the spinal marrow. 
 
 Cervical Plexus, Plexus Trachelo-souscutani 
 (Ch.) The nervous net-work formed by the an- 
 terior branches of the first three cervical nerves, 
 above the posterior scalenus muscle, and at the 
 outer side of the pneumogastric nerve, carotid 
 arterj', and jugular vein. 
 
 Cervical Region, Anterior Deep, Prever'- 
 tebral region. The region of the neck, occupied 
 by three pairs of muscles placed immediately in 
 front of the cervical and three superior dorsal 
 vertebrce :— viz. the rectus capitis anticus major, 
 the rectus capitis anticu's minor, and longus colli ; 
 — hence tenned prevertebral muscles. 
 
 Cervical Veins have nearly the same distri- 
 bution as the arteries. 
 
 Cervical Ver'tebr^. The first seven verte- 
 brse of the spine. 
 
 CERVICALIS DESCENDENS, see Hypo- 
 glossus and Sacro-lumbalis. 
 
 CERVICARIA, Campanula trachelium. 
 CER VICI-D ORSO-SCAP ULAIRE, Rhom- 
 boideus — c. Dorso-costal, Serratus posticus su- 
 perior — c. Dorso-masto'idien et dorso-trachelien, 
 Splenius — c. Masto'idien, Splenius. 
 
 CER'VICO-FA'CIAL, Cervi' co-facia' lis. Be- 
 longing to the neck and face. 
 
 Cervico-facial Nerve, Nervxts cervi co-facia- 
 lis. A branch of the facial nerve, distributed to 
 the neck and face. 
 
 CERVISIA, Cerevisia. 
 CERVISPINA, Rhamnus. 
 CERVIX, Colhm. The neck, especially the 
 back part. A neck. 
 
 Cervix Obstipa, Torticollis — c. Uteri, CoUum 
 uteri. 
 
 CER VOISE, Cerevisia. 
 
 CERVUS, Cerva. The horn of the Cervus El'- 
 aphus, called Cornu, Cervi El'aphi Cornu, Cornu 
 Cervi'num, Hartshorn, (F.) Come de cerf, con- 
 tains 27 parts of gelatin in the 100. A jelly made 
 from the shavings is emollient and nutritive. 
 
 The Stag's Pizzle, Pria'pius Cervi, was once 
 considered to be aphrodisiac. Dose, ^j to 3J) in 
 powder. 
 
 Cervus Alces. The Elk, (F.) Elan. Tbo 
 %oof of this animal was anciently used as an anti- 
 epileptic. The animal, it was asserted, was sub- 
 ject to attacks of epilepsy, and always cured them 
 by putting its hoof into the ear. The hoof was 
 also worn as an amulet. 
 
 Cornu Ustum, Burnt Hartshorn, has been used 
 as an antacid, but it consists of 57 parts of phos- 
 
ClSSARlENNE OPERATION 191 
 
 CHAMiELEA 
 
 phafe, and only one of carbonate of lime. It is, 
 therefore, not of much use. 
 
 CESARIENNE OPERATION, Cjesarean 
 section. 
 
 CESSATIO MENSIUM, Amenorrhoea. 
 
 CESTRI'TES. A wine prepared from betony, 
 ((CEorpoi', ' betony.') 
 
 CESTRON, Betonica officinalis. 
 
 CETA'CEUM, from Krirog, eetns, 'a whale.' 
 Alhum Ceti, Adipoce' ra ceto'sa, Steari' nwm ceta'- 
 ceum, Spermacet'i, Parmacit'y, Sperm, (F.) Blanc 
 de Baleine, Cetine, Adipocire de Baleine. An 
 inodorous, insipid, white, crystallized, friable, 
 unctuous substance, obtained from the brain of 
 the Physe'tei- MacrocepV aliis or Spermaceti Whale, 
 (F.) Cachalot, and other varieties of whale. 
 S. g. •943.3 : melts at 112°. It is demulcent and 
 emollient, and has been given in coughs and 
 dysentery, but is mostly used in ointments. Dose, 
 ^ss to 3'ss, rubbed up with sugar or egg. 
 
 CETERACH OFFICINARUM, Asplenium 
 ceterach. 
 
 CETINE. Cetaceum. 
 
 CETRARIA ISLANDICA, Lichen islandicus. 
 
 CETRARIN, see Lichen islandicus. 
 
 CETRARIUM, see Lichen islandicus. 
 
 CEVADILLA, see Veratrum sabadilla — c. His- 
 panorum, Veratrum sabadilla. 
 
 CEVADILLE, Veratrum sabadilla. 
 
 CHAA. Thea. 
 
 CHACRILLE, Croton eascarilla. 
 
 CHADLOCK, Sinapis arvensis. 
 
 CH^.REPOLIUM, Scandix eerefolium. 
 
 CHyEROPHYL'LUM, from x«V«, 'I rejoice,' 
 nnd (pvWov, 'a leaf,' owing to its luxuriant foliage. 
 Scandix eerefolium. 
 
 Ch^brophyllum Cerefolium, Scandix eerefo- 
 lium — c. Angulatum, Ch. sylvestre. 
 
 CH^ROPHYL'Lirjr Odora'tiiji, Scandix seu 
 Cieuta'ria Odora'ta, ilyrrhis Odora'ta seu Major, 
 Cerefo'lium ffispan'icum. Sweet Cic"eli/, (F.) 
 Cerfeuil musqitee ou d'Espagne ; Order, Umbelli- 
 ferse; has the smell of aniseed, and is cultivated 
 on account of its aromatic properties. 
 
 Ch^rophyl'lum Monogynum, Ch. sylvestre — 
 c. Sativum, Scandix. 
 
 Ch^rophyl'lum Sylves'tre, Cieuta'ria, ChcB- 
 ropht/l'lum tem'idum seu monog'yniim seu aiigii- 
 la'tnm seu verticella'tnm, Anthris'cnn hu'milis seu 
 prnc"eru8, Cerefo'lium Sylves'tre, Bastard Hem- 
 lock, Wild Chervil or Coio-ioeed, (F.) Cerfeuil 
 sanvage, Persil d'Ane, is a slightly fetid aromatic, 
 but is not used. 
 
 ChjEROphyllum TEMULT'sr, Chserophyllum syl- 
 vestre — c. Verticillatum, Ch. sylvestre. 
 
 CH^TE. Capillus. 
 
 CHAFING, Erythe'ma Iniertri'go, Intertri'go, 
 Paratrim'ma, Paratrip'sis, Diatrim'ma, Attri'ta, 
 Attrit"io, from (F.) eschauffer, echaujfer, 'to 
 heat,' Fret, Gall of the skin; Atfri'tus, (F.) 
 Echauffemens, Eeorehures. The red excoriations 
 which occur in consequence of the friction of 
 parts, or between the folds of the skin, especially 
 in fat or neglected children. Washing with cold 
 water and dusting with hair-powder is the best 
 preventive. When occurring between the nates 
 and in the region of the perinseum, from long 
 walking, — Intertri'go pod'icis, Proctal'gia iuter- 
 trigino'sa, — it is vulgarly designated by the 
 French Entrefesson. 
 
 CHAFFBONE, Jawbone. 
 CHAIR, Flesh. 
 
 CHAIR, OBSTETRIC, Labour chair. 
 CHAISE PER cEE,l,a.s&nvim. 
 
 CHALASIS, Relaxation. 
 
 CHALASMUS, Relaxation. 
 
 CHALAS'TICUS, from x''>'<"^> 'I relax.' A 
 
 medicine proper for removing rigidity of the 
 fibres. — Galen. An emollient or relaxant. 
 
 CHAL'AZA, Chala'zion, Chalazium, Chalazo'- 
 sis, Poro'sis, Grando, Tophus, Hail, (F.) Grile, 
 Gravelle, from X'^^'^l"' 'hail.' A hard, round, 
 transparent tumour, developed in different parts 
 of the body, more especially in the substance of 
 the eyelids. — Also, the Cicatricula of the egg. 
 Generally, however, in the language of ovologists, 
 the chalazm ov poles are, in the egg of the bird, 
 the more dense internal layer of the albumen, 
 which adheres to the yolk, and is continued, in 
 the form of two spirally twisted bands, towards 
 the extremities of the egg. The twisting is con- 
 sidered to be produced by the revolving motion 
 of the egg in its descent through the oviduct. 
 
 CHALAZJ5, see Chalaza. 
 
 CHALAZONEPHRITIS, Kidney, Bright's 
 disease of the. 
 
 CHALCANTHUM, Atramentnm, Ferri sulphas 
 — c. Album, Zinci sulphas. 
 
 CIIALCEDONIUS, Cornelian. 
 
 CHALCITAS, Bismuth. 
 
 CHALCITES, Colcothar. 
 
 CHALCOIDEUM (os), Cuneiform bone. 
 
 CHALCOS, Brass, Cuprum, Jilreolum. 
 
 CHALCUS, ^reolum. ^ 
 
 CHALEUR, Heat — cAere, see Acrid — c. Ani- 
 male, Animal heat, see Heat. 
 
 CHALEUR S PES ANIMAUX, see Heat— 
 c. du Foie, Heat. 
 
 CHALINL see Lip. 
 
 CHAL'INOPLASTY, Chalinoplas'tice ; from 
 'X^akivog, 'fraenum,' 'a bridle,' and ■uXaaaui, 'I 
 form.' The operation for forming a newfrsenum. 
 
 CHALK, Creta — c. Red, Rubrica febrilis — c. 
 Stones, Calculi, arthritic. 
 
 CHALL. Maxillary bone. 
 
 CHAL YBE, Chalybeate. 
 
 CHALYB'EATE, Chalybea'tus, Ferrugin'eus, 
 Ferrugino'sus, Ferra'tus, Martia'lis, Ferrxi'gi- 
 nous, Mar'tial, (F.) Ferrugineux, Chalybe, from 
 chalybs, 'iron or steel.' Of, or belonging to iron ; 
 containing iron. Any medicine into which iron 
 enters, as chalybeate mixture, pills, waters, &c. 
 See Waters, Mineral. 
 
 CHALYBIS RUBIGO, Ferri subcarbonas. 
 
 CHALYBOKREN^, Water, mineral, (cha, 
 lybeate.) 
 
 CHALYBOPEG^, Water, mineral, (chaly- 
 beate.) 
 
 CHALYBS, from Chalybes ; a people of Pon- 
 tus, who dug iron out of the earth ; A'cies, Steel. 
 The Proto-carburet of iron, (F.) Acier. As a 
 medicine, steel does not differ from iron. 
 
 Chalybs Tartarizatus, Ferrum tartarizatum. 
 
 CHAMA, Cheme. 
 
 CHAMJ3ACTE, Sambucus ebulus. 
 
 CHAMiEBATOS, Fragaria. 
 
 CHAM^CEDRIS, Artemisia santonica. 
 
 CHAM^CISSUS, Glechoma hederacea. 
 
 CHAM^CLEMA, Glechoma hederacea — c. 
 Hederacea, Glechoma hederacea. 
 
 CHAM^CYPARISSUS, Artemisia santonica. 
 
 CHAMiEDROPS, Teucrium chamaedrys. 
 
 CHAMiEDEYif'TES. A wine, in which the 
 Tev'oriuni Chamcedrys has been infused. 
 
 CHAM^DRYS, Rubus chamsemorus, Teu- 
 crium Ch., Veronica — c. Incana maritima, Teu- 
 crium marum — c. Marum, Teucrium marum — e. 
 Minor repens, Teucrium Ch. — c. Palustris, Teu- 
 crium seordium — c. Soordium, Teucrium scordium 
 — c. Vulgaris, Teucrium Ch. 
 
 CHAM^GEIRON, Tussilago. 
 
 CHAMiELEA GNUS, Myrica gale. 
 
 CHAM^LAI'TES. A win« impregnated with 
 Chamelea, Daphne Alpi'na. 
 
 CHAM^LEA, Cneorum tricoccum. 
 
CHAMELEON ALBUM 
 
 192 
 
 CHAELOTTEVILLE 
 
 CHAMELEON ALBUM, Carlina acaulis. 
 
 CHAMiELEUCE, Tussilago. 
 
 CHAM^LINUM, Linum cathartioum. 
 
 CHAMiELIR'IUM LU'TEUM, xoM"', 'on the 
 ground,' and \upov, 'a lily/ [?] Vera'tntm lu'- 
 teuni, JSelo'nias lu'tea seu Dioi'ea, Devil's Bit, 
 Blazing star, U'nieorn root ; indigenous; Order, 
 Melanthacege ; flowering in June; is acrid. An 
 infusion of the root has been given as an anthel- 
 mintic; a tincture, as a tonic. 
 
 CHAM^MELUM, Anthemis nobilis — c. Foe- 
 tidum, Anthemis cotula — c. Nobile, Anthemis 
 nobilis — c. Odoratum, Anthemis nobilis — c. Vul- 
 gare, Matricaria chamomilla. 
 
 CHAM^MORUS, Teuerium chamfepitys, Ru- 
 bus chamsemorus — c. Norwegica, Rubus chamas- 
 morus. 
 
 CHAMjEPEUCE, Camphorosma Monspeliaca. 
 
 CHAM^PITUI'NUM VINUM. A wine, in 
 which the leaves of the Chama'pitys, Teu'crium 
 Ghawa>'pitijs, have been infused. 
 
 CHAM^PITYS, Teuerium chamajpitys — c. 
 Anthyllus, Teuerium iva — c. Moschata, Teu- 
 erium iva. 
 
 CHAM^PLION, Erysimum. 
 
 CHAM^RAPH'ANUM, from x<^l"'h 'on the 
 ground,' and pa(pavo;, 'the radish.' So Paulus 
 of ^gina calls the upper part of the root of the 
 Apiinn. 
 
 CHAMiE'ROPS SERRAT'ULA, Saio Pal- 
 metto, from xajuat, 'on the ground,' and poi^^y 'a 
 shrub.' A farina is prepared from the roots of 
 this plant, which is used by the Indians, in Flo- 
 rida, as diet. 
 
 CHAMBAR, Magnesia. 
 
 CHAMBER, Cam'era, (F.) Chamhre. A term 
 used in speaking of the eye, in which there are 
 two chambers, Cam'ercB oc'uli: — an anterior and 
 B, piosterior ; (F.) Chamhre anterieure et px^^^eri- 
 eure. The anterior is the space between the 
 cornea and the anterior part of the iris: — the 
 2)osterior, the space between the iris and anterior 
 surface of the crystalline. They are filled with 
 the aqueous humour, and communicate by the 
 opening in the pupil. 
 
 CHAM'BERLAIN'S RESTOR'ATIVE 
 PILLS. This nostrum, recommended in scro- 
 fula, and all impurities of the blood, has been 
 analyzed by Dr. Paris, and found to consist of 
 cinnabar, sulphur, sulphate of lime, and a little 
 vegetable matter. Each pill weighs 3 grains. 
 
 OH AM BEE, Chamber. 
 
 CHAMBRIE, Cannabis sativa. 
 
 CHAMELEA. Daphne Alpina. 
 
 CHAMOMILE, DOGS', Matricaria chamomilla 
 
 — c. Dyers', Anthemis tinctoria — c. German, 
 Matricaria chamomilla — c. Spanish, Anthemis 
 pyrethrum — c. Stinking, Anthemis cotula — c. 
 Wild, Anthemis cotula, Matricaria glabrata. 
 
 CHAMOMILLA FCETIDA, Anthemis cotula 
 
 — c. Nostras, Matricaria chamomilla — c. Ro- 
 mana, Anthemis nobilis — c. Spuria, Anthemis 
 cotula. 
 
 CHAMPACA, Michelia ehampaca. 
 CHABIPIGNON, Fungus — c. de VAppareil 
 des Fractures, Clavaria — c. de Couche, see Agaric 
 
 — c. du Ferment, Torula cerevisiae — c. de Malte, 
 Cynomorion coccineum — c. du iluguet, Aphtha- 
 phyte. 
 
 CHAMPOOING, Shampooing. 
 
 CHANCEBOXE, Ischion. 
 
 CHANCELAGUA, Canchalagua. 
 
 CHANCRE (F.), Shanker, Ulcus seu Uleus'cu- 
 lum canero'sum. A sore, which arises from the 
 direct application of the venereal virus: hence it 
 is almost always seated, in men, on the penis. 
 The French use the word Chancre, in popular 
 language, for cancerous ulcers, the malignant 
 aphthae of children, <tc. Formerly, the terms 
 
 Car'oli and Ca'rres jnulendo'rinn were used for 
 venereal pustules or sores on the parts of gene- 
 ration. ^ 
 
 CHANCRE LARVE. A concealed chancre, 
 such as has been supposed by M. Ricord to give 
 occasion to gonorrhoea virulenta. 
 
 CHANCREUX, Chancreuse (F.), Canero'suB, 
 Carcino' des. Having the nature of chancre, or 
 of cancer. 
 
 Bouton Chancreiix. A small tumour of a can- 
 cerous nature, which makes its appearance on 
 the face — most frequently on the upper lip — Noli 
 me tangere [?]. 
 
 CHANDOO. An aqueous extract of opium 
 used by the Chinese for smoking. 
 
 CHANGE OF LIFE, see Menses. 
 
 CHANNELBONE, Clavicle. 
 
 CHANT DES ARTE RES, Sifflement module. 
 
 CHANVRE, Cannabis sativa — c. Bdtard, 
 Galeopsis grandiflora — c. Indien, Bangue. 
 
 CHAOMANTI'A. The alchymists meant, by 
 this word, the art of predicting the future from 
 observation of the air. The word Chaos was 
 used by Paracelsus for the air: (jxavrua, 'divi- 
 nation.') 
 
 CHAOSDA, Plague. 
 
 CHAPERON DE MOINE, Aconitum napel- 
 lus. 
 
 CHAPETONNA DE, Chap,petonnade. 
 
 CHAPITEAU, Alembic. 
 
 CHAPPEDONADE, Chappetonade. ■ 
 
 CHAPPETONADE, Chappedonade,^ Chape- 
 tonnade (F.), Vom'itus rabio'sus. Vomiting, ac- 
 companied by furious delirium, attacking stran- 
 gers in hot countries. 
 
 CHAPS, Rhagades. 
 
 CHAR'ACTER, ■)(_apaKTr]p, 'a mark or impres- 
 sion.' (F.) Caract^re. In Pathology it is used 
 synonymously with stamp or appearance. We 
 say, "A disease is of an unfavourable character," 
 "The prevailing epidemic has a bilious charac- 
 ter," &c. In Mental Philosophy it means — that 
 which distinguishes one individual from another, 
 as regards his understanding and passions. See 
 Symbol. 
 
 CHARA'DRIUS. ^lian thus calls a bird, 
 which was reputed to cure jaundice. The word 
 now means the plover. 
 
 CHARANTIA, Momordica elaterium. 
 
 CHARBON, Anthrax oarbo, Carbo ligni — c. 
 Animal, Carbo animalis — c. Mineral, Graphites 
 — c. Pulmonaire, Anthracosis. 
 
 CEARBONNEUX, Anthracoid. 
 
 CHARCOAL, Carbo — c. Animal, Carbo ani- 
 malis. 
 
 CHARDON AUX ANES, Onopordium acan- 
 thium — c. Benit, Centaurea benedieta — c. d Bon- 
 netier, Dipsaeus fullonum — c. Etoile, Centaurea 
 calcitrapa — c. d Foulon, Dipsaeus fullonum — c. 
 Hemorrhoidal, Cirsium arvense — e. Marie, Car- 
 duus Marianus — c. Roland, Eryngium campestre. 
 
 CHAR'LATAN, from Ital. ciarlare, 'to talk 
 much ;' Circtda'tor, Gircum/ora'neus, Periodeu'tea, 
 Pseudorned'icus, Agyr'ta, Anncyc'leon, a Quack, 
 Quacksalber, Empirical Pretender, Emp'iric. 
 Originally, one who went from place to place to 
 sell a medicine, to which he attributed marvellous 
 properties. By extension — any individual, who 
 endeavours to deceive the public by passing him- 
 self off as more skilful than he really is. Ac- 
 cording to Menage, the word comes from circu- 
 latanus, a corruption oi circidator. 
 
 CHAR'LATANRY, Agxjr'tia, Banau'sia, the 
 conduct or action of a charlatan. (F.) Charla- 
 tanerie, Charlatanisme, Quackery, Emj>iricism. 
 
 CHARLOCK. Sinapis arvensis. 
 
 CHARLOTTEVILLE SULPHUR SPRING, 
 see Canada, Mineral Waters of. 
 
CHAKM 
 
 193 
 
 CHAULE 
 
 CHARM, Lat Carmen, ' a verse,' because 
 charms often consisted of verses, whence comes 
 the Italian, Ciarma, (F.) Charnie, with the same 
 signification; Canta'tio, Tncantamen'tum. A trick, 
 a spell, an enchantment. A sort of magic, or 
 superstitious practice, consisting of words, charac- 
 ters, &c., by which, it was believed, individuals 
 might be struck with sickness or death, or be 
 restored to health. 
 
 The following are specimens of old charms — 
 verse charms : 
 
 For stanching Blood, (Pepys.) 
 
 Sanguis mane in te 
 
 Sicut Christus fuit in se ; 
 
 Sanguis mane in tua vena 
 
 Sicut Christus in sua poena; 
 
 Sanguis mane fixus, 
 
 Sicut Christus quando fuit crucifixus. 
 
 For Cramp, (Pepys.) 
 
 Cramp be thou faintless. 
 As our iady was sinless. 
 When she bare Jesus. 
 
 For the Foot when asleep, (Coleridge.) 
 
 Foot! footl foot! is fast asleep ! 
 
 Thumb! thumb! thumb! in spittle we steep ; 
 
 Crosses three we make to ease us, 
 
 Two for the thieves, and one for Christ Jesus. 
 
 The same charm served for cramp in the leg, 
 with this substitution : 
 
 The devil is tying a knot in my leg! 
 Mark, Luke, and John, unloose it, I begl — 
 Crosses three, &c. 
 
 For a Burn, (Pepys.) 
 
 There came thres angels out of the East; 
 The one brought fire, the other brought Irost. 
 Out fire ; in frost. 
 
 In the name of the Father and Son and Holy Ghost. 
 
 Amen. 
 
 CHARNIERE, Ginglymus. 
 
 CHARNU, Carneous. 
 
 CHARPENTE OSSEUSE, Skeleton. 
 
 CHARPIE, Linteum — c. Brute, see Linteum 
 — c. Rapee, see Linteum. 
 
 CHARTA ANT.IARTHRITICA, Gout paper 
 — c. Antirheumatica, Gout paper — c. Vesicatoria, 
 see Sparadrapum Vesicatorium — c. Virginea, 
 Amnios. 
 
 GHARTRE, Tabes mesenterica. 
 
 GHAS (F.), Acus fora'men. The eye of a nee- 
 dle. Sometimes, this opening is near the point 
 of the instrument, as in the ligature needle. 
 
 CHASCHISCH, see Bangue. 
 
 CHASME, Yawning. 
 
 CHASPE, Variola. 
 
 GHASSE (F.), Manu'hrium. A kind of handle 
 composed of two movable laminae of horn, shell, 
 or ivory, united only at the extremity, which 
 holds the blade of the instrument, — as in the 
 common bleeding lancet. Also, a liqueur or alco- 
 holic liquor, taken after a meal ; hence chaase- 
 cqfe, chasae-tout, &c., from (F.) chasser, 'to drive,' 
 because presumed to aid digestion. 
 
 GHASSIE (F.), Lema, Lipim, Glama, Gleme, 
 Gra'mia, Lemos'itas, Sebum palpebra'le ; the gum, 
 ' of the eye, (Prov.) Gound or Goicnde, from chas- 
 ser, ' to drive out.' A sebaceous humour, se- 
 creted mainly by the follicles of Meibomius, 
 which sometimes glues the eyelids together. 
 
 CHASSIEUX (F.), Llpims; covered with 
 Ghasaie — as Pavpieres chasaieuses, 
 
 CHASTE TREE, Vitex. 
 
 GHATAIGNE, see Fagus castanea — c. d'Eau, 
 Trapa natans. 
 
 CHATAIGNIER COMMUN, Fagus castanea 
 ^c. Nain, Fagus castanea pumila. 
 13 
 
 CHATEAU-LANDON, WATERS OF. A 
 town three leagues from Nemours, in France, 
 The waters contain alum and iron. 
 
 CHATEAU-SALINS, WATERS OF; a town 
 in the department of La-Meurthe, France. The 
 waters contain carbonate of lime, sulphates of 
 lime and magnesia, and chlorides of magnesium 
 and sodium. 
 
 CHATELDON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Chateldon is in the department of Puy-de-Dome, 
 France. The waters contain carbonic acid and 
 iron. 
 
 CHATEL-GUYON, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. A village in France, in the department 
 Puy-de-Dome, near which there are five thermal 
 acidulous springs. Temperature, 86° Fahrenheit. 
 
 GHATON (F.), 'a husk.' In pathology, it 
 means a, funda or cavity formed by the irregular 
 or hour-glaas contraction of the uterus, in which 
 the placenta is often retained or enchatonne after 
 the birth of the child. It is detected by passing 
 the fingers along the cord as far as the part which 
 is contracted, when the placenta will not be dis- 
 coverable. 
 
 The treatment consists in relaxing by a large 
 dose of an opiate, then passing the fingers along 
 the cord, and gradually dilating the opening 
 through which it passes, until it permits the hand 
 to go through. The placenta must then be 
 grasped and gently withdrawn, 
 
 GHATON, Vaginal process, 
 
 GHATONNE, Incarcera'tm, from chaton. An 
 epithet in French for anything shut up in a sac, 
 or imprisoned in any manner — as 
 
 GHATONNE, GALCUL (F.), Gal'culus incar- 
 cera'tiis, Encys'ted Gal'culus, Galcul enkyate. A 
 urinary calculus, adherent to the inner surface 
 of the bladder, so that it is immovable, and can- 
 not pass to the different parts of that organ. 
 This happens when calculi form in some natural 
 or accidental cavity of the bladder; or when the 
 organ, by ulceration, gives rise to fungi, which 
 surround the calculus; or when it is lodged in 
 the orifice of the ureter or urethra. 
 
 GHATONNE, PLACENTA (¥.). The pla- 
 centa when retained as above described. See 
 Chaton. 
 
 GHATONNEMENT (F.), Enchatonnement, 
 Incarcera'tio, Chalonnement du placenta, Enkys- 
 tement. — Hour-glass contraction of the uterus. 
 See Chatnn. 
 
 CHAT0UILLE3IENT {¥.). This word some- 
 times means the action of tickling or titillation 
 (Titilla'tio,) and, at others, the sensation which 
 give.s rise to the action [Pruri'tus,) Itching. 
 
 GHATRE, Castratus. 
 
 GHATRURE, Castration. 
 
 CHAUDEAU, Caudle. 
 
 CHAUDEBOURG, MINERAL WATERS OP. 
 C. is three quarters of a league from Thionville, 
 in France. The waters contain iron, sulphate 
 of lime, sulphate of magnesia, and carbonate of 
 lime. 
 
 GHA UDEPISSE, Gonorrhoea impura— c. Cor- 
 dee, Gonorrhoea cordata — c. Tombee dans les 
 Bourses, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 CHAUDES-AIGUES, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. A small town in the department of Cantal, 
 France, where there is a number of saline springs 
 containing carbonic acid, carbonate of soda, and 
 chloride of sodium. Temp. 190° Fahrenheit. 
 
 GHA UDIERE, see Alembic. 
 
 GHAUFFOIR (F.), Linteum Galefacto'rium. 
 According to the Academie, a warmed cloth, used 
 either for the purpose of warming a patient, or 
 to apply to a female recently delivered. 
 
 CHAULE, Maxillary bone. 
 
CHAULMOOGRA 
 
 194 
 
 CHELONOPHAGI 
 
 CHAULMOOGRA. The fruit of the Chaul- 
 moogra, Gynocar'dia odora'ta. Order, Cappa- 
 rideae, of India. A bland fixed oil is obtained by 
 expressing the dried seed, which is used by the 
 natives in leprosy. The seed are given inter- 
 nally, in the dose of about ^ss in the day, and 
 the eruption is rubbed with the oil. 
 
 CHA USSE (F.), Ghausse d'Rippocrate, Manche 
 d'Hippoerate, Man'ica Hi'jjpoc'ratis, llcin'ica, 
 Hippocrates' Sleeve. A conical bag, made of 
 flannel, for straining liquids. 
 
 CHAUSSE-TRAPPE, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
 CHAUVETE, Calvities. 
 
 CHA UX, Calx— e. Bichlonire de. Calcis chlo- 
 ridum — c. Ghlorure de, Calcis chloridum — c. Hy- 
 drochlorate de, Calcis murias — c. Hydrosidfate 
 de, Calcis sulphuretum — c. Ifuriate de, Calcis 
 murias — c. Muriate oxigene de, Calcis chloridum 
 — c. Muriate suroxigene de, Calcis chloridum — 
 c. Oxichlorure de, Calcis chloridum — c. Oximu- 
 riate de, Calcis chloridum — c. Phosphate rfc, see 
 Cornu cervi — c. Vive, Calx viva, 
 CHAVEL, Maxillary bone. 
 CHAVICA BETLE, Bet«l— e. Roxburghii, 
 Piper longum. 
 
 CHAWBONE, Maxillary bone. 
 CHAWD FYS, Gonorrhoea impura. 
 CHAWING, Mastication. 
 CHECKER-BERRY, Ar utus uva ursi. 
 CHEEK, Gena— c. Teeth, Molar teeth 
 CHEESE, Sax. cere, (L.) Ca'seus, Tyros, Pecle, 
 (Sc.) Furmage, (F.) Fromage. An aliment, pre- 
 pared from the caseous and oleaginous parts of 
 milk. Fresh cheeses owe their chief medical 
 properties to the immediate principle, essentially 
 cheesy, to which the name ea'seum or ca'sein has 
 been applied. Those, which have been recently i 
 salted, are digested with comparative facility. 
 The flavour of cheese is owing to an ammoniaeal 
 caseate. On the whole, cheese itself is not easy 
 of digestion, although it may stimulate the sto- 
 mach to greater exertion, and thus aid in the 
 digestion of other substances. 
 
 CHEESE RENNET, Galium venim. 
 CHEE'SY, Gasea'rius, Gawo'sm, Tyro'des, (F.) 
 Casetix ou Gaseeux. Having the nature of cheese. 
 CHEF, Bandage (taU). 
 CHEGOE, Chiqiie. 
 GHEGRE, Chique. 
 
 CHEILI'TIS, Chili' tis, from x^tAos, 'a lip.' 
 Inflammation of the lip. See Chilon. 
 
 CHEILOC'ACE, from x^^"^' '^ lip,' and (carof, 
 'evil.' Labrisul'cium. A disease, characterized, 
 it is said, by swelling, induration, and slight red- 
 ness of the lips without inflammation ,• reputed, 
 but without any authority, to be common in 
 England and Scotland, amongst children. Also, 
 the thickness of the upper lip of scrofulous chil- 
 dren. See Stomacace, and Cancer aquaticus. 
 
 CHEILOCARCINO'MA, from x"^<k^ '^ I'P/ 
 and KapKivdiiia, 'a cancer.' Cancer of the lip. 
 
 CHEILOMALACI-A, Cancer aquaticus, Sto- 
 macace. 
 
 CHEILON, Chilon. 
 
 CHEILON'CUS, Cheilophy'ma, from x^^^o^> 
 * lip,' and oyKoj, 'swelling.' A swelling of the lip. 
 CHEILOPHYMA, Cheiloneus. 
 CHEILOPLAS'TICE, Chiloplas'txce, Chei'lo- 
 plasty, from v£iAof, 'lip,' and TrXaorncoj, 'form- 
 ing.' The operation for an artificial lip. 
 CHEILOS, Lip. 
 CHEIMA, Cold. 
 CHEIMETLON, Chilblain. 
 CHEIMIA, Rigor. 
 CHEIR, Mamis, see Chir. 
 CHBIRAN'THUS CHEIRI, from ^"P, 'the 
 hand,' and avdos, 'flower,' a flower for the hand. 
 
 The systematic name of the Common Yellow Wull 
 Flower, Vi'ola lu'tea, Leuco'ian' lu'teiim, Keyri, 
 Cheiri, (F.) Geroflee, Girojlee ou Violier j'nune. 
 Ord. Cruciferse. The flowers have been esteemed 
 nervine, narcotic, and deobstruent. 
 
 CHEIRAP'SIA. The action of rubbing or 
 scratching, from x^'P> 'the hand,' and a-rui, '1 
 touch.' A troublesome symptom in the itch. 
 
 CHEIRARTHROC'ACE, from ;t"P.' the hand,' 
 apdpov, 'a joint,' and KaKia, a ' disease.' Inflam- 
 mation of the articular surfaces of the wrist. 
 CHEIRIATER, Surgeon. 
 
 GHEIRIS'MA, Cheiris'mu^. The act of touch- 
 ing : — handling. Any manual operation. 
 CHEIRIXIS, Surgery. 
 
 CHEIRONOM'IA, Chironom'ia, from x^'Q"- 
 vofietj). 'I exercise with the hands.' An exercise, 
 referred to by Hippocrates, which consisted in 
 using the hands, as in our exercise of the dumb- 
 bells. 
 
 CHEIROPLETHES, Fasciculus. 
 CHEIROSIS, Subactio. 
 
 CHELA, Chele. This word has several signi- 
 fications. Chela, a forked probe used for extract- 
 ing polypi from the nose. Chela — chaps, or 
 cracks on the feet, organs of generation, <fec. 
 GheleB likewise means claw?, especially those of 
 the crab. See Cancrorum Chelae. 
 Chel^ Palpebrarum, see Tarsus. 
 CHELAPA, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 CHELE, Chela. 
 
 CHELIDOINE GRANDE, Chelidonium ma- 
 jus — -c. Petite, Ranunculus ficaria. 
 
 CHELIDON, ;;^;£A<iuv, the hollow at the bend 
 of the arm ; Hirundo. 
 
 CHELIDONIA ROTUNDIFOLIA MINOR, 
 Ranunculus ficaria. 
 
 CHELIDONIUM, Bryonia alba— c.Diphyllum, 
 Stylophorum diphyllum — c. Hsematodes, Ch. 
 majus. 
 
 Chelido'nium Majus, Ch. hmmato'des, from 
 X^^tiiijv, ' a swallow,' because its flowering coin- 
 cides with the appearance of the swallow. Pa- 
 pa'rer Cornicula'tum seu lu'teum, Common CeV- 
 andine, Tefterwort, (F.) Ghelidoine grande, 
 L'Eclairg, Herhe & l'hiroii<lelle. Ord. Papave- 
 raceje. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Monogynia. The 
 root and recent plant have been considered ape- 
 rient and diuretic. Externally, the juice has 
 been employed in some cutaneous diseases. 
 Chelidonium Minus, Ranunculus ficaria. 
 CHELIDO'NIUS LAPIS. A name given to 
 stones, which, it was pretended, existed in the 
 stomach of young swallows. They were formerly 
 believed capable of curing epilepsy. 
 CHELOID, Cancroid. 
 CHELOIS, see Cancroid. 
 CHELO'NE, ^cXtajft;, ' a tortoise.' An instru- 
 ment for extending a limb : so called, because in 
 its slow motions it resembled a tortoise. — Oriba- 
 sius. See Testudo. 
 
 Chelo'ne Glabra, Common SnaJce head, Tur- 
 tle head. Turtle bloom, Shellfloioer, Balmony. An 
 indigenous plant, Sex. SyH. Didynamia Angio- 
 spermia; blossoming from July to November. 
 The leaves are bitter and tonic ; without any aro- 
 matic smell, and with very little astringency. 
 
 CHELO'NIA MYDAS, The Green Turtle. 
 This species of turtle abounds on the coast of 
 Florida. It is the one so prized by the epicure. 
 
 CHELO'NION, Chelo'niitm, from ^f^uvt?, 'a 
 tortoise,' from its resembling in shape the shell 
 of that animal. The upper, gibbous part of the 
 back. — Gorrseus. The scapula. 
 
 CHELONOPH'AGI, from x^Xuv.;, 'the tor- 
 toise, and (fiayu), 'I eat.' An ancient name fof 
 certain tribes, who dwelt on the coast of the Red 
 
CHELSEA PENSIONER 
 
 195 
 
 CHEST-MEASURER 
 
 Sea, and who lived only on tortoises. — Pliny, 
 Diodorus of Sicily. 
 
 CHEL'SBA PEN'SrONER. An empirical re- 
 medy for rheumatism and gout, sold under this 
 name. (Gum gnaiac, ^j ; powdered rhabnrb, ^ij ; 
 cream of tartar, ^j ; Jiowem of sulphur, ^j ; one 
 nutmeg, finely powdered; made into an electuary 
 with a pound of clarified honey). Dose, two 
 spoonfuls. 
 
 CHEL'TENHAM, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 C. is a town in Gloucestershire, England, nine 
 miles from Gloucester, and 94- W. of London. 
 Its water is one of the most celebrated natural 
 purgatives in England. It is a saline, acidulous 
 chalybeate, and is much frequented. Its main 
 constituents are chloride of sodium, sulphate of 
 soda, sulphate of magnesia, carbonic acid and 
 carbonate of iron. 
 
 Cheltenham Salts. These are sometimes 
 made from the waters; at others, factitiously. 
 The following is a formula : Sudii chlorid., mag- 
 nes. sulphat., sodoB sulph., aa tbj : dissolve, filter, 
 evaporate to dryness; then a,dd Ferri sulph., ^ss. 
 
 Cheltenham Water, Artificial, may be 
 made of Epsom salts, gr. xij ; iroa filings, gr. j ; 
 Glauber's salt, ^iv ; water, 4 gallons; impreg- 
 nated with the gas from marble powder and «m^- 
 phiiric acid, aa 5ij. 
 
 CHELYS, Thorax. 
 
 CHELYS'CION, from ^tfXuj. 'the chest.' A 
 short, dry cough. — Galen, Hippocrates, Foesius. 
 
 CHEME, Ckama, Che'ramis. An ancient mea- 
 sure equivalent to about two teaspoonfuls. 
 
 CHEMEUTICE, Chymistry. 
 
 CHEMIA, Chymistry. 
 
 CHEMIATER, Chymiater. 
 
 CHEMIATRIA, Chymiatria. 
 
 CHEMICO-HISTOLOGY, see Chymico-his- 
 tology. 
 
 CHEMICUS, Chymical, Chymist. 
 
 CHEMISMUS, Chymism. 
 
 CHEMIST, Chymist. 
 
 CHEMISTRY, Chymistry. 
 
 CHEMO'SIS, Chymo'sis, from X'^M' '■'■'* aper- 
 ture,' or rather, perhaps from %«/i05, 'an humour.' 
 A name given to ophthalmia, when the conjunc- 
 tiva, surrounding the cornea, forms a high ring, 
 making the cornea seem, as it were, at the bot- 
 tom of a well. By some, it is used synonj'mously 
 with ophthalmia mevibranarum. See Ophthal- 
 mia. 
 
 CHEMOTICE, Chymistry. 
 
 CHEMOTICUS, Chymical. 
 
 CHENAY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Che- 
 nay is a town in France, two leagues from Rheims. 
 The waters are chalybeate. 
 
 CHENE, Quereus alba — c. Marin, Fucus vesi- 
 eulosus — c. Petit, Teucrium cham«drys — c. Vert, 
 Ilex aquifotium. 
 
 CHENE TTE, Teucrium cham^drys. 
 
 CHENE VIS, see Cannabis sativa. 
 
 CHENOBOSCON, Potentilla anserina. 
 
 CHENOC'OPRUS, from xi", 'a. goose,' and 
 Ka-jTQOi, ' dung.' The dung of the goose is so de- 
 signated in some old Pharmacopoeias. It was 
 formerly employed as a febrifuge and diuretic. 
 
 CHENOPODE, Chenopodium. 
 
 CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIACUM, Ch. am- 
 brosioidcs. 
 
 Chenopo'dium Amerosioi'des, Oh. suffructico'- 
 snm seu ambrosiacum seu Mexica'num, from xt^y 
 'a goose,' and Trouy, roioj, 'a foot;' At'riplex 
 Mexica'na, Ambri'na ambrosio'i'des, Botrys, B, 
 Mexiea'na seu America'na, Ambrosiotdes Mexi- 
 ea'na, Artemis'ia Botrys, Mexico or Spanish Tea, 
 (F.) Anserine, Tk& die Mexique, Ambrosie ou Am- 
 broisie du Mexique. Ord. Chenopodiaeeae. The 
 infusion was once drunk as tea. It has been I 
 
 given in paralytic cases ; and in the United States 
 is said to be used as an anthelmintic indiscrimi- 
 nately with Ch. anthelminticum. 
 
 Chenopo'dium Anthelmin'ticum, Chenopo'- 
 dium, Botrys seu Ambri'na anthelmin'tica. Worm- 
 seed, Woniigoosefoot, Wormseed goosefoot, Jeru- 
 salem Oak of America, Goosefoot, Stinlcweed, (F.) 
 Anserine anthelmintique, A. vermifuge. This 
 plant grows plentifully in the United States. 
 The fruit — Chenopodium, (Ph. U. S.) — is much 
 used in cases of worms. Dose of the powder, 
 from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful or more. 
 The oil, O'leum Chenopo'dii, (Ph. U. S.), from 
 8 to 10 drops, is more frequently exhibited. It 
 is as much used in America as the Semen San- 
 ton'ici is in England. 
 
 Chenopo'dium Bonus Henri'cds, Chrysolach'- 
 anttm, Mercuria'lis, Bonus Henri'cus, Tota bona. 
 Lap' athum unctno'sum, Chenopo'dium, Ch. sagit- 
 ta'ium. Pes anseri'nus, English Mercury, Allyood, 
 Angular-leaved goosefoot, Mercury goosefoot, Good 
 King Henry, (F.) Anserine Bon Henri, ^pinard 
 sauvage. The leaves are emollient, and have 
 been applied to ulcers, <tc. It has also been con- 
 sidered refrigerant and eccoprotic. 
 
 Chenopo'dium Botrys, Ambri'na Botrys, Bo- 
 trys, B. vulga'ris, Ambro'sia, Artemis'ia Chenij- 
 po'diam, At'riplex odora'ta seu suav'eolena ; 
 Jerusalem Oak, (Eng.), (F.) Anserine Botrys, pos- 
 sesses anthelmintic properties, and was once 
 given in diseases of the chest, palsy, <fcc. It is 
 useless. 
 
 Chenopo'dium Fcetidum, Chenopodium vulva- 
 ria — c. Olidum, Ch. vulvaria. 
 
 Chenopo'dium QuiNOA, Quinua. A nutritious, 
 wholesome, and agreeable article of food with the 
 Peruvians. The leaves, before the plant attains 
 maturity, are eaten as spinach : but the seeds are 
 most generally used as food, boiled in milk or 
 broth, and sometimes cooked with cheese and 
 Spanish pepper. 
 
 Chenopodium Sagittatum, Ch. Bonus Henri- 
 cus — c. Suffructicosum, Ch. ambrosioides. 
 
 Chenopodium Vulva'kia seu foe'tidum seu 
 ol'idum, At'riplex foe'tida seu ol'ida. Vulva' rin, 
 Garoa'mum, liaphex. Stinking Orache or Goose- 
 foot, (F.) Vulvaire, Arrocke puant, Anserine f€- 
 tide. The fetid smell has occasioned it to be 
 used as an antispasmodic and nervine. 
 
 CHEOPINA, Cheopine. 
 
 CHEQUERBERRY, Gaultheria. 
 
 CHBRAMIS, Cheme. 
 
 CHERBACHEM, Veratrum album. 
 
 ClIERBAS, Lettuce. 
 
 CHERMES, Kermes — c. Mineral, Antimonii 
 sulphuretum prscipitatum, and A. sulphuretum 
 rubrum. 
 
 CHERNIBIUM, Urinal. 
 
 CHERRY, BIRD, Prunus padus — c. Choke, 
 Prunus Virginiana — c. Ground, Physalis viscosa. 
 
 Cherry Tree, Red, Prunus cerasus — c. Tree, 
 black, Prunus avium — c. Tree, wild, Prunus Vir- 
 giniana — e. Water, Kirschwasser. 
 
 Cherry, Wild Cluster, Prunus padus — c. 
 Winter, Physalis. 
 
 CHERS.^, Faces. 
 
 CHER VI, Slum sisarum. 
 
 CHERVIL, Scandix cerefolium— c. Wild, Chae- 
 rophyllum sylvestre. 
 
 CHESIS, from ;^£^e(>', 'to go to stool.' A more 
 frequent desire to evacuate the bowels. 
 
 CHEST, Thorax — c. Explorator, see Explo- 
 rator, chest. 
 
 CHEST-MEASURER, SIBSON'S. An in- 
 strument, described by Dr. Sibson, which is used 
 for determining the mobility of the chest. It is a 
 species of spring, which, when applied to the 
 parietes of the chest, measures the modifications 
 of its diameters, and indicates, by the motion of 
 
CHEST, NARROW. 
 
 196 
 
 CHINCHUNCHULLI 
 
 the index hand on a dial, any movement of re- 
 spiration, to the hundredth of an inch. 
 
 CHEST, NARROW, see Lordosis. 
 
 CHESTNUT TREE, Fagus castanea. 
 
 OHEVAUCHEMENT (¥.), Oa'sium snperpo- 
 sWio seu equita'tio, Pnral/ajc'is, Parallag'ma. 
 From chevaucher, (eheval, 'a horse'), 'to ride on 
 horseback.' The riding of one bone over another 
 after fracture, giving rise to shortening of the 
 limb. See Riding of Bones. 
 
 CHEVELURE, Scalp. 
 
 CHEVESTRE, Chevetre, Capis'trum, (from 
 eixput, 'the head.') A bandage, applied round 
 the head in cases of fracture or luxation of the 
 lower jaw. According to the mode in which it is 
 made, it is called simple, double, oblique, &o. 
 
 CHEVEU, Capillus. 
 
 CHEVILLE DU PIED, Malleolus. 
 
 CHEVREFEUILLE, Lonicera periclyme- 
 num. 
 
 CHEVROTAIN PORTE-MUSC, see Musk. 
 
 CHEVROTANTE ( VOIX), Egophony. 
 
 CHEWING. Mastication. 
 
 CHEYLETUS SCABIEI, see Psora. 
 
 CHEZANAN'CE, from x''^'^' 'I go to stool.' 
 and avayk-»?, 'necessitj'.' An ointment composed 
 of honey and alum, and rubbed on the anus to 
 occasion evacuations. — Paulus of iEgina. 
 
 CHIA, Chia terra, from Chios, an island where 
 it was found. A kind of white earth, formerly 
 used for burns. — Galen. 
 
 CHI'ACUM COLLYR'IUM. A eollyrium con- 
 sisting of several drugs and Chian wine. — Paulus 
 of ^gina. 
 
 CHIADUS, Furunculus. 
 
 CHIAS'MUS, Ckias'ma, Chiasm, from x^"^'^' 
 to form like the letter x- The crucial union of 
 parts, — as the optic commissure or chiasm, of the 
 optic nerve, — Chias'nncs seu Ckias'ma nervo'rum 
 optico'rum. 
 
 CHIASTER, Kiaster. 
 
 CHIAS'TOS. Same etymon. A bandage, so 
 called because it resembles the letter x- — -Ori- 
 basius. 
 
 CHIBOU, see Bursera guramifera. 
 
 CHICHA. A drink made in Peru with Indian 
 meal dried in the sun, and fermented with water. 
 Its taste is that of bad eider. It is also made 
 from rice, peas, barley, &c. 
 
 CHICK'S SPRINGS, see South Carolina, 
 mineral waters of. 
 
 CHICKEN-BREASTED, see Lordosis. 
 
 CHICKEN-BROTH. When chicken-tea is 
 boiled down one-half, with the addition of a little 
 parsley or celery, and the yolk of an egg previ- 
 ously beaten up in two ounces of soft water, it 
 forms a soup much relished by the convalescent. 
 
 CHICKEN-PEPPER, Ranunculus abortivus. 
 
 CHICKENPOX, Varicella. 
 
 CHICKEN-TEA, Chicken-teater. This maybe 
 ]irepared as follows : Take a small chicken, freed 
 from the skin and fat between the muscles ; and 
 having divided it longitudinally, remove the 
 lungs, liver, and every thing adhering to the 
 back and side-bones: cut the whole — -bones and 
 muscles — into very thin slices; put into a pan 
 with a sufficient quantity of boiling water; cover 
 the pan; and simmer with a slow fire for two 
 hours. Put the pan upon the stove for half an 
 hour, and strain through a sieve. 
 
 Used where the lightest animal dietis indicated. 
 
 CHICKEN-WATER, Chicken-tea. 
 
 CHICKENWORT, Alsine media. 
 
 CHICKWEED, Alsine media— c. Water, Cal- 
 Htriche verna. 
 
 CHICOREE DES JARDINS, Cichorium en- 
 divia — c. Snuvage, Cichorium intybus. 
 
 CHICORY, Cichorium intybus. 
 
 CHICOT, Stump (of a tooth). 
 
 CHICOTIN (F.). The bitter powder or juice 
 of the colocynth, with which the nurse, at times, 
 rubs her nipple when desirous of weaning an 
 infant. 
 
 CHIENDENT, Triticum repens — c. Rouge, 
 Sarsaparilla Germanica. 
 
 CHIGGO, Chique. 
 
 CHJGGRE, Chique. 
 
 CHIGOE, Chique. 
 
 CHILBLADDER, Chilblain. 
 
 CHIL'BLAIN, (Prov.) ChilUadder, Per'nin, 
 Bugan'tia, Erythe' ma Per'nio seu d Fri'gore, 
 Cheimet'lon, Chimet'htm, Chimou, Malce, from 
 chill, 'cold,' and Main, 'a pustule.' (F.) Enge- 
 lure. An erythematous inflammation of the feet, 
 hands, <tc., occasioned by cold. It is very com- 
 mon in youth— not so in the adult or in advanced 
 age. It is apt to degenerate into painful, indo- 
 lent ulcerations, called Kibes, (Sc.) J/nles. Chil- 
 blains are prevented by accustoming the parts to 
 exposure; and are treated by stimulant, terebin- 
 thinate, and balsamic washes, ointments, and 
 liniments. 
 
 CHILD, Infans. 
 
 CHILD-BEARING, Parturition. 
 
 CHILD-BED, Parturient, Parturition. 
 
 CHILD-BED FEVER, Puerperal fever. 
 
 CHILD-BIRTH, Parturition. 
 
 CHILD-CROWING, Asthma tbymicum. 
 
 CHILDHOOD. Infancv. 
 
 CHILD-ILL, Parturition. 
 
 CHILD-MURDER, Infanticide. 
 
 CHILDREN'S BANE. Cicuta maculata. 
 
 CHILL CLIMATE OF, see Lima. 
 
 Chili, Mineral Waters of. The most cele- 
 brated mineral springs of Chili, in South Ame- 
 rica, are those of Peldehues and Cauquenes. Tlie 
 former are not far from St. Jago. They consist 
 of two springs, one thermal, the other cold. The 
 hot spring is clear, inodorous, and contains soda 
 and carbonic acid. The cold spring contains iron 
 and sulphate of soda. Cauquenes is much re- 
 sorted to by invalids during the summer. Mine- 
 ral waters are very common in Chili. Those of 
 Apoquindo, Colina, and Cauquenes, have been 
 analyzed by Prof. J. Lawrence Smith, M. D. 
 
 CHILIOGRAMMA, Kilosramme. 
 
 CHILIOPHYLLON, Achillea millefolium. 
 
 CHILITES, Cheilitis. 
 
 CHILL, Rigor. 
 
 CHILLI. Capsicum. 
 
 CHI'LON, Chei'lon, Cheili'tis, from ;^£iXof, 'a 
 lip.' Inflammation of the lips. — Vogel. One 
 who has a thick lip ; Labeo, Labes. 
 
 CHILOPLASTICE, Cheiloplastice. 
 
 CHIMAPHILA, Pyrola umbellata— c. Umbel- 
 lata, Pyrola umbellata. 
 
 CHIMETLUM, Chilblain. 
 
 CHIMIA, Chymistry. 
 
 CHIMIATER, Chymiater. 
 
 CHIMIATRIA, Chymiatria. 
 
 CHIMIE. Chymistry. 
 
 CHIMISME, Chymism. 
 
 CHTMISTE, Chymist. ' 
 
 CHIMON, Chilblain, Cold. 
 
 CHINA, Cinchona, Smilax china — c. Ameri- 
 can or West India, Smilax pseudo-china — c. 
 Calisaya, Cinehonse cor-difolise cortex — c. Occi- 
 dentalis, Smilax pseudo-china — c. Orientalis. 
 Smilax china — c. Ponderosa, Smilax china — e. 
 Regia, Cinchonse cordifoliaB cortex — c. Root, 
 Smilax china — c. Spuria nodosa, Smilax pseudo- 
 china — e. Vera, Smilax china. 
 
 CHINCAPIN, Fagus castanea pumila — c. 
 Water, Nekimbium luteum. 
 
 CHINCHE, Cimex. 
 
 CHINCHINA, Cinchona. 
 
 CHINCHUNCHULLI, lonidium marcucci. ' 
 
CHINCOUGH 
 
 197 
 
 CHLIAROS 
 
 CHINCOUGH, Pertussis. 
 
 CHINESE, MED'ICINE OF THE, Medici'na 
 Sin'ica. Medicine has been long, but most im- 
 perfectly, practised by the Chinese. From their 
 therapeutics we have obtained the old operations 
 of acupuncture and moxibustion. 
 
 CHING'S WORM LOZENGES, see Worm 
 Lozenges, Ching's. 
 
 CHINIDIN/Quinidia. 
 CHININUM, Quinine. See Chinium. 
 CHINIO'IDINE, Ckino'tdiiie, Chinoidi'na, 
 Cliinoidin, Qiiiuoid'ine, Quinoid'iii, Qai'nodin ; 
 from CAi'iiar 'Cinchona.' A substance presumed 
 to be an alkaloid by Sertiirner, who separated it 
 from cinchona. It has been supposed to be a 
 mixture of quinia, cinchonia, and a peculiar re- 
 sinous matter, but according to Liebig it is simply 
 the alkaloid quinia in an amorphous state — amor- 
 phous qninia. 
 
 CHINIUM ACETICUM, Quinias acetas — c. 
 Arsenicosum, Quinise arsenias — c. Citricum, Qui- 
 niae citras — c. Ferroeyanogenatum, Quiniae Fer- 
 rocyanas — c. Hydrochloricum, Quiniae murias 
 — c. Hydroindicum, Quinise hydriodas — o. Lac- 
 ticum, Quinise lactas — e. Muriaticum, Quiniae 
 murias — c. Nitrieum, Quiniae nitras — c. Phos- 
 phoricum, Quiniaj phosphas — c. Salitum, Quinias 
 murias — c. Sulphurieum, Quiniae sulphas — c. 
 Tannicum, Quiniae et Cinchoniae tannas — c. Va- 
 lerianicum, Quiniae valerianas. 
 
 CHINNEYWEED, Lichen roccella. 
 CHINOLEINUM. Leukoleinum. 
 CHINQUAPIN, Fagus castanea pumila. 
 CHINWHELK, Sycosis. 
 CHIOCOCC^ PtADIX, Caincse radix. 
 CHIOLI, Furuneulus. 
 CHION, Snow. 
 
 CHIONAN'THUS VIRGIN'ICA, Frhige Tree, 
 Snowdrop Tree; indigenous; Nat. Ord. Olcaceae; 
 from X'-'^^' ' snow,' and av^i, ' a flower.' An 
 infusion of the root has been used as an antipe- 
 riodic and tonic. 
 
 CHIQUE (F.), Pitce penetranfe, Pulex Peti'- 
 efrans, Dermatoph'ilua, Snrcopi-:yll'a peu'etrans, 
 Tick, Ohiggre, Chirj'oe, Cfiiggn, Chegre, Cheg'oe, 
 Jigger. A small insect in America and the An- 
 tille.«, which gets under the epidermis, and excites 
 great irritation. 
 
 CHIR, Manus, .see Cheir. 
 CHIRAETA, Gentiana ehirayta. 
 CHI'RAGRA, from x^^9' 'hand,' and ay^a, 'a 
 seizure.' Gout in the hand. 
 CHIRAPOTHECA, Arsenal. 
 CHIRAPSIA, Friction. 
 
 CHIRARTHRI'TIS, from x^'P> 'hand,' apdj^ov, 
 'joint,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of the joints of the hand. 
 CHIRAYITA, Gentiana ehirayta. 
 CHIRAYTA, Gentiana ehirayta. 
 CHIRETTA, Gentiana ehirayta. 
 CHIRHEUMA. Chirrheuma. 
 CHIRIATER, Surgeon. 
 CHIRTATRIA, Surgery. 
 CHIRTMOYA, Anona tripetala. 
 CHIRISIS. Surgery. 
 CH TRISMUS, Surgery. 
 CHIRIXIS, Surgery. 
 
 CHIROCYRTO'SIS, from ;<;«/', 'the hand,' and 
 Ku/jToxTi?, 'crookedness.' Crookedness of the hand. 
 CHI'ROMANCY, Chiromanti'a, Vnticin'ium 
 (hiroman'tieum, Palm'istry. from ;\;£ip, 'the hand,' 
 .and fiavTtia, 'divination.' (F.) Chiromancie. Art 
 of divinina; by inspection of the hand. 
 CHIRONAX, Surgeon. 
 
 CHIRO'NIA, (from Chiron, xcipov, the Cen- 
 taur, who is said to have discovered its use.) A 
 g;tnus of plants. Ord. Gentianace*. Also, Ta- 
 irus communis. 
 
 Chieo'nia Axgula'kis, Amer'ican Cen'tHury, 
 
 Rosepink, Wild Suc'cory, BiUerhloom, Centry 
 Suhba'tia, S. Angula'ris. Every part of this 
 plant is a pure and strong bitter, which property 
 is communicated alike to alcohol and water. Ii 
 is used as a tonic and stomachic. 
 
 Chieo'nia Centauri'um, Centauri'wn minns 
 seu vulga're seu parvum, Gentia'na centauri' urii 
 seu Gerar'di, Erytliras'o. Ccntauri'um, Hippo- 
 centaure'a centauri' am, Centriure'um, Cenlau'ris, 
 Smaller or Lesser Cent'aury, Europe'an Centaury, 
 (F.) Centauree petite, Herbe aa centaure ou & In 
 fievre. The tops of the lesser Centaurj', Centau'- 
 rii Cacu'mina, are aromatic and tonic, and are 
 sometimes emploj'ed as such. 
 
 Chiro'nia Chile n' sis, Gentia'na Cachen- 
 lahuen, Gachen-laguen, Chachinlagua, Chaneela- 
 gua, Erythrm'a Chilensis, Gentia'na Peruvia'nn. 
 A very bitter plant, indigenous in Chili. It pos- 
 sesses the virtues of the Chironem. Given in in- 
 fusion — ■{%], to water Oj.) 
 
 CHIRONI'UM, from ;\;£ipoi/, 'bad, malignant.' 
 An ulcer difiicult of cure : — of a swollen, hard, 
 and callous nature. — Galen. Some have sup- 
 posed the word to come from Chiron, the Cen- 
 taur, who was unable to cure such ulcers. 
 CHIRONOMIA, Cheironomia. 
 CHIROPODALGIA, Acrodynia. 
 CHIROP'ODIST, (F.) Pedicure. One who 
 treats diseases of the hands and feet, or rather 
 whose profession it is to remove corns and bun- 
 yons ; from x^'-9' ' ^^ hand,' and irouj, noioi, ' tho 
 foot.' 
 
 CHIRORRHEUMA, Chirrheuma. 
 CHIROSIS, Subactio. 
 
 CHIROSTROPIIO'SIS, from x^cp, 'the hand,' 
 and (irpt.(p£iv, 'to turn.' Distortion of the hand. 
 
 CHIROTHE'CA, from x"P> 'the hand,' and 
 drjKri, 'a sheath.' A bandage for the hand. A kind 
 of bandage in which the fingers and hand are 
 enveloped in spiral turns. When the whole hand 
 and fingers are covered, it is called the double or 
 complete Chirotheca, Ch. comp>le'ta, Vinctu'ra 
 omnibus dig" itis ; and when only a finger is 
 covered, the lialf or incomplete, Oh. incomple'ta, 
 Vinctu'ra pro uno dig"ito. See Gantelet. 
 
 CHIROTRI'BIA, from ^"P. 'the hand,' and 
 rpt/Ju, ' I rub.' Friction with the hand. Accord- 
 ing to others, dexterity in an art. — Hippocrates, 
 Galen. 
 
 CHIRRHEU'MA, Chirorrheu'ma, Rheumatis'- 
 mus manus, from x^'Pt 'the hand,' and pcu/jc, 'flux.' 
 Rheumatism of the hand. 
 CHIRURGEON. Surgeon. 
 CHIRURGI PHYSICI, see Surgeon. 
 CHIRUPbGIA, Surgery — c. Anaplastica, Mo- 
 rioplastice — c. Curtorura, Morioplastice — c. Infu- 
 soria, Infusion of Medicines — c. Militaris, Sur- 
 gery, military — c. Transfusoria, Transfusion. 
 CHIRURGIGAL, Surgical. 
 CHIRURGICUS, Surgical. 
 CHIRURGIE, Surgery— c. Slilitaire, Surgery, 
 military. 
 
 CHIRURGIE N, Surgeon— c. Consultant, Con- 
 sulting Surgeon — c. Hemieux, see Hernial. 
 CHIRURGIQUE, Surgical. 
 CHIRURGUS, Surgeon. 
 
 CHIST. An Arabic word which signifies the 
 sixth part. The sixth part of the Congius or 
 gallon. 
 
 CHITON, Tunic. 
 CHITONISCUS, Indusium. 
 CHITTICK'S NOSTRUM, see Nostrum. 
 CHIUM VINUM. From Chios, the island 
 where it was produced ; Ghian loine ; used by the 
 physicians of antiquity in cases of defluxions and 
 ophthalmias. — Scribonius Largus. 
 
 CHLI'AROS, ;tA«apo5, ' tepid.' A name given 
 to slight fevers, in which the heat is not great. — 
 Galen. 
 
CHLIASMA 
 
 1 98 
 
 CHOAVA 
 
 CHLIAS'MA, ;^Xia(r/ja, same etymon. A tepid 
 and moist fomentation. — Hippocrates. 
 
 CHLOAS'MA, Pityri'asia versic'olnr, Mac'- 
 nla hepnt'ica, Pnnnus hepal'iciis, Hepat'izon, 
 Phaze, Pka'cea, Phacus, (F.) Taches hepatiquea, 
 Chaleurs du foie, Ephelide scorhutique, Liverspot, 
 from x^°°^f '^ greenish-yellow colour, verdure.' 
 A cutaneous affection, characterized by one or 
 more broad, irregular-shaped patches, of a yellow 
 or yellowish-brown colour, occurring most fre- 
 quemtly on the front of the neck, breast, abdo- 
 men, and groins. The patches do not generally 
 rise above the surface. There is usually some 
 degree of itching. A cryptogamous growth has 
 been found in it, to which M. Robin gives the 
 name ilieros'poron furfur. 
 
 The causes are not very evident. Sulphur ex- 
 ternally — in any and every form — generally re- 
 moves it speedily. Should there be difficulty, 
 the external use of the remedy in baths or fumi- 
 gations may succeed. 
 
 CHLOASMA ALBUM, Achroma. 
 
 CHLORA, Chlorine. 
 
 CHLORAS KALICUS DEPURATUS, Po- 
 tassse murias hyperoxygenatus. 
 
 CHLORASMA, Chlorosis. 
 
 CHLORE, Chlorine — c. Liqnide, see Chlorine. 
 
 CHLORETHERIDE, Chloroform. 
 
 CHLORETUM CALCARI^, Calcis chloridum. 
 
 CHLORIASIS, Chlorosis. 
 
 CHLORIC ETHER. CONCENTRATED, see 
 Ether, chloric — c. Ether, strong, see Ether, 
 chloric. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BROMINE, see Bromine, 
 chloride of. 
 
 CHLORINE, from ^^^Xwoof, 'green.' Chh/n'mim, 
 Ohlorin'inm, Chlora, O.rymitriat'ic Acid. Gas, 
 Orygena'ted Bfuriatic Acid Gas, DepJilngisticated 
 Marine Acid, Hal' ogene, Mn'rigene, Chlortm, (F.) 
 Chlore. So far as we know, this is an element- 
 ary substance. It is a greenish, yellow gas, of 
 a strong suffocating smell, and disagreeable taste : 
 incapable of maintaining combustion and respira- 
 tion, and very soluble in water. One of its cha- 
 racteristics is, that of destroying, almost imme- 
 diately, all vegetable and animal colours. It is 
 employed in fumigations as a powerful disinfect- 
 ing agent. A very dilute solution. Aqua seu Li- 
 quor Chlo'rini, Chlorin'ii Liquor (Ph. D.), Ghlo- 
 rin'ei aqua (Ph. E. ), Chlorine water, (F.) Chlore 
 liquide, has been administered internally, in cer- 
 tain cases of diarrhoea and chronic dysentery. 
 Immersion of the hands and arms in it has often 
 removed itch and other cutaneous affections. It 
 has also been inhaled in a dilute state in the early 
 stage of phthisis, but it is of doubtful efficacy, 
 and is better adapted for chronic bronchitis. 
 
 Chlorine, Bisulphuret of, Sulphur, chlo- 
 ride of. 
 
 CHLORO-ANEMTE, Chlorosis. 
 
 CHLO'ROFORM, Chloroform' urn. Chloroform' - 
 ium, Carho'nenm chlora'tum, Super ehlo'ridum 
 fonnyl'icum, PercMoride and Terchloride of 
 Formyl, Chloroform' yl, called also, but not cor- 
 rectly, Terchloride of Carbon, and Chloric ether, 
 ^Ethe^ chlo'ricus; — (F.) Chloroforme, Chlorethe- 
 ride, so called on account of the connexion of chlo- 
 rine with formic acid, is a colourless, oleaginous 
 liquid, of a sweetish ethereal odour, hot, aroma- 
 tic, and peculiar taste. The specific gravity of 
 that of the Ph. U. S. is 1.49. It may be ob- 
 tained by distilling from a mixture of chlorinated 
 lime and alcohol, — rectifying the product by re- 
 distillation, first from a great excess of chlori- 
 nated lime, and afterwards from strong sulphuric 
 acid. It has been used with advantage in asthma, 
 and in diseases in which a grateful soothing agent 
 is required. Dose f^ss to fjj, diluted with water. 
 
 It has likewise been prescribed with great success 
 as an anaesthetic agent in spasmodic diseases; 
 and to obtund sensibility in surgical operations 
 and in parturition, — especially in the way of 
 inhalation ; but its use requires caution. See 
 Anaesthetic. 
 
 Chloroform, Tincture of, Ether, chloric. 
 
 CHLOROFORMIZA'TION, Chloroformisa'tio 
 The aggregate of anaesthetic phenomena occa- 
 sioned by the inhalation of chloroform. 
 
 CHLOROFORMYL, Chloroform. 
 
 CHLORO'MA, from ;(;>u)pof, 'green.' A pecu- 
 liar form of tumour containing a yellow green 
 substance, which takes the place, at times, of 
 muscles and periosteum. 
 
 CHLOROPHYLL, Fecula, green. 
 
 CHLORO'SIS, from pi;Xu)pos, ' green,' Pal'lidn» 
 Morlus, F<Bdn8 Vir'ginnm color, Pal'lidus color 
 virgin'eiis, Pallor vir'ginnm, Icterit"ia alba, Lc'- 
 tervs albns, Leticopathi'n, 3/orbns virgin'ens seu 
 Parthen'ius, Fofdi colo'res, Dynpep'sia chloro'sis, 
 Febris amato'rin, Cachex'ia seu Febris vir'ginum, 
 Febris alba, Anepiihym'ia chloro'sis, Chloras'ma, 
 Chloros'ma, Chlori'asis, Citto'sis, Greensickness, 
 (F.) ChloTose, Pdles-coxdevrs, Chloro-anemie, A 
 disease which affects young females, more parti- 
 cularly those who have not menstruated. It is 
 characterized by a pale, lurid complexion, languor, 
 listlessness, depraved appetite and digestion, pal- 
 pitation, Ac. The disease generally goes off on 
 the occurrence of the menstrual flux ; but some- 
 times it is long before this is established, and, at 
 times, the catamenia are in much larger quantity 
 than usual. To this last form M. Trousseau has 
 given the name chlorose hemorrhagiqne. 
 
 The blood of chlorosis is generally thin, light- 
 coloured and deficient in red corpuscles .- and, ac- 
 cording to Piorry, in iron, — achalybhemie ; and 
 the clot is in less proportion to the serum than in 
 health. On auscultation, a bellows' sound has 
 been almost invariably detected over the heart, 
 and a continuous blowing sound in the larger 
 arteries, (especially the carotids and subclavians,) 
 re-enforced by each systole of the ventricle, and 
 resembling the buzzing of a humming-top, the 
 cooing of doves, the whistling of air through a 
 key-hole, <fec., (see Bruit.) Very similar sounds 
 are heard in the arteries after copious hemor- 
 rhage: they seem, therefore, to coincide with en- 
 feebled circulation. 
 
 Tonics — as iron — are usually required in the 
 treatment, — the disease most commonly occur- 
 ring in those in whom there is considerable torpor 
 of the system. 
 
 Chlorosis ^thiopum, Chthonophagia — c. 
 Amatoria, Hectic fever — c. Gigantea, see Poly- 
 sarcia. 
 
 CHLOROSMA, Chlorosis. 
 
 CHLOROT'IC, Chlorot'iciis, (F.) Chlorotiqiie. 
 Affected with chlorosis, or pertaining to chlorosis; 
 — as chlorotic female, cMorotic symptoms, Ac. 
 
 CHLORUM, Chlorine. 
 
 CHLORURE BE CARBON, Chloroform — 
 e. d'Or, Gold, Muriate of. 
 
 CHLORURETUM AMMONICUM. Ammonia 
 murias- — c. Oxidi Calcii, Calcis chloridum. 
 
 CHOA, Chu. 
 
 CHOA'CUM EMPLAS'TRUM NIGRUM. A 
 black plaster, mentioned by Celsus, and composed 
 of equal parts of litharge and resin. The litharge 
 was first boiled in oil. 
 
 CHOAK, Cynanche trachealis — e. Wolf, Ly- 
 canehe. 
 
 CHOANA, Pelvis — c. Cerebri, Infundibulum 
 of the brain. 
 
 CHOANE, Infundibulum. 
 
 CHOANORRHAGIA, Epistaxis. 
 
 CHOAVA, Coffea Arabica. 
 
CEO COL AT 
 
 199 CHOLERA-EUROPEEN 
 
 CHOCOLAT, see Chocolate. 
 
 CHOCOLATA, Chocolate — c. cum Osmazoma, 
 see Osmazome — c. Salutis, see Chocolate — c. Sim- 
 plex, see Chocolate. 
 
 CHOCOLATE, Choeola'tnm, Chocola'ta, Suc- 
 col't'ta, SuccocoUa'ta. Dr. Alston says, that this 
 word is compounded from two East Indian 
 words: — choco, 'sound,' and atte, 'water,' be- 
 cause of the noise made in its preparation [ ? ]. An 
 alimentary paste prepared from the kernels of 
 Theohro'ma cacao or Cacao, with sugar, and 
 often aromatics. (See Cacao.) The chocolate 
 thus simply prepared — as it is met with, indeed, 
 in commerce — is called in France, Choeolat de 
 sante, Chocola'ta simplex seu Salu'tia. It is not 
 very easy of digestion. 
 
 The choeolat d la vanille contains three ounces 
 of vanilla and tvvo of cinnamon to twenty pounds 
 of common chocolate. The addition of the aro- 
 matic renders it somewhat more digestible. Cho- 
 colates may likewise be medicated. 
 
 CHOCOLATE, OSMAZOME, see Osmazome. 
 
 CHOCOLATE ROOT, Geum rivale, G. Virgi- 
 nianum. 
 
 CHOCUS, Chu. 
 
 CH(ENICIS, Trepan. 
 
 CHCENION, Cord. 
 
 CHCBNOS, Cord. 
 
 CHCERADO'DES, from xoipa?, xo^paSog, 'scro- 
 fula,' and Et^of, 'resemblance.' Of the nature of 
 scrofula. Affected with scrofula. 
 
 CHCERAS, Scrofula. 
 
 CHOIROS, Vulva. 
 
 CHOKE CHERRY, Prunus Virginiana — c. 
 Damp, Carbonic acid. 
 
 CHOKES, Throat. 
 
 CHOLA, Chole. 
 
 CHOLiE'MIA, Cholha'mia, Cholihee'min, from 
 ^oAi;, ' bile,' and 'ai/ia, ' blood.' A morbid state, 
 in which bile exists in the blood. Jaundice. 
 
 CHOLAGO, Cholas. 
 
 CHOL'AGOGUE. Cholago'gus, Chole'gos, Fel- 
 lid'ueus, Bilit'iciis, from ;^oX;j, 'bile,' and ayuy, 'I 
 expel.' The ancients give this name to cathar- 
 tics, which were reputed to cause the flow of bile. 
 
 CHOLANSIS, Cholosis. 
 
 CHOLAS, ;t''^as. plur. X"'>^nS€s. Chola'go. The 
 epigastric region. The intestines. — Homer. 
 
 CHOLASMA, Cholosis. 
 
 CHOLE, Cfiolus, Cliola, 'bile,' in composition. 
 Hence : 
 
 CHOLEC'CHYSIS, Oholen'chysis ; from x/'^r,, 
 'bile,' and ty;]^"^!?, 'effusion.' Effusion of bile. 
 
 CHOLECYST, Gall-bladder. 
 
 CHOLECYSTEURYS'MA, from X"^r,, 'bile,' 
 KvdTii, 'bladder,' and £upu(r/<a, 'dilatation.' Dila- 
 tation of the gall-bladder. 
 
 CHOLECYSTI'TIS, Injlmnma'tio Vesi' ca fell' - 
 em, I. eyst'idis fell'ea, Cysti'tia fel'lea, Jlepati'tia 
 cyst'iea, from X"^''' 'bile,' and Kvan;, 'bladder.' 
 (F.) Inflammation de la Vesieule du Fiel, Chole- 
 cystite. Inflammation of the gall-bladder. 
 
 CHOL'BDOCH, Chded'ochus, (F.) OhoU- 
 doqne, from x^'^'^f 'bile,' and Soxog, ' containing or 
 receiving.' The Ductus cholednchus seu hep'ato- 
 cys'ticus. Ductus communis choledochits, (F.) Con- 
 duit ou Canal Choledoque, is the duct formed by 
 the union of the hepatic and cystic ducts, which 
 pours the hepatic and cystic bile into the duodenum. 
 
 CHOLEDOCI'TIS, from choledochus, and itis ; 
 a suffix denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
 of the choledoch duct. 
 
 CHOLEDOG'RAPHY, Choledogra'phia, Cho- 
 legraph' ia, Chohigraph'ia, from xoXri, ' bile,' and 
 ypa(petv, ' to describe.' A description of what re- 
 lates to the bile and biliary organs. 
 
 CHOLEDOL'OGY, Choledolog"ia, Chole- 
 log"ia, Chololog"ia, from x°^l> ' bile,' and Xoyoq, 
 
 'a discourse.' A treatise on the bile and biliary 
 organs. 
 
 CHOLEDOQUE, Choledoch. 
 
 CHOLEGOS, Cholagogue. 
 
 CHOLEGRAPHIA, Choledography. 
 
 CHOLEH^MIA, Icterus. 
 
 CHOLEIA, Claudication. 
 
 CHOLELITHIA, Cysthepatolithiasis— c. Icte- 
 rus, Icterus. 
 
 CHOLELITHIASIS, Cysthepatolithiasis. 
 
 CHOLELITHUS, Calculi, biliary. 
 
 CHOLELOGIA, Choledology. 
 
 CHOLEMES'IA, Chole'm'esis, from X"^''* 
 'bile,' and sfieat?, 'vomiting.' Vomiting of bile. 
 
 CHOLENCHYSIS, Cholecchysis. 
 
 CHOLEPYRA, Fever, bilious. 
 
 CHOLEPYRETUS, Fever, bilious. 
 
 CHOLEPYRRIN, see Bile. 
 
 CHOLER, Bile. Anger was supposed to bo 
 produced by a superabundance of bile; hence 
 the term Choler for anger. 
 
 CHOL'ERA, Chol'era-morhus, Cholera nostras 
 seu vulga'ris, Sporad'ic Chol'era, Cholerrha'gia, 
 Pas'sio ckoler'ica, Fcllif'lua passio, ilorhus fel- 
 lif'lmis, Hol'era, Bilis flux'io, (F.) Choladree 
 lymphatigue, Hydrocholndree, Cholera-morbuaspo- 
 radique, Ch. Europeen, Trouase-galant, from X"^^' 
 'bile,' and /jeo), 'I flow.' According to others, 
 from ;:^;oXa^£s, ' intestines,' or from ;^oA£pa, ' the 
 gutter of a house to carry off the rain.' The 
 higher degrees have been called CentrogangliVtis, 
 MyelogangliVtis, and Hologangli'i'tia. A disease 
 characterized by anxiety, gripings, spasms in the 
 legs and arms, and by vomiting and purging 
 (generally bilious :) vomiting and purging are, 
 indeed, the essential symptoms. The disease ia 
 most common in hot climates, — and in temperate 
 climates, during summer. Spasmod'ic, Asiat'ic, 
 Malig'nant, Indian, Epidem'ic, Pestilen'tial, Con- 
 vulsive Nervous, Eastern, or Orient'al Cholera, 
 Asphyx'ia pestilen'ta, Pestilen'tial asphyx'ia, 
 Chol'eric Pest'ilence, Cholera orienta'lis seu /»»'- 
 dica seu Epidem'ica seu Asphyx'ia, Typhus Ben- 
 galen'sis, Choi' ero-typhus, Ganglioni'tis peripher'- 
 ica et medidla'ris, Hymenoganglii' tis, Pantognn- 
 glii'tis, Cholerrhoe'a lymphat'ica, Psorenter'ia, 
 Achol'in, Typhoid Fever of India, Hyperanthrax'is, 
 Enterop'yra Asiat'ica, Trisplanch'nia, Tris- 
 planchni'tis, H<smntaporrho'sis, HcBmatorrho' sis. 
 Morbus ory'zeus. Rice disease, (because supposed 
 by Tytler to be caused by damaged rice,) (F.) 
 Mort de Chien, is frightful in the rapidity of its 
 progress, the patient sometimes dying in a few 
 hours from the first onset. In temperate cli- 
 mates, common cholera is not usually a disease 
 of much consequence, It requires that the sto- 
 mach and bowels should be cleared, and after- 
 wards the irritation be allayed by full doses of 
 opium. In malignant cholera, large doses of calo- 
 mel, with opiates, form the great reliance of many 
 practitioners. In the worst forms, however, it 
 runs its course, unmodified by treatment. 
 
 CHOLERA EUROPEEN, see Cholera — c. 
 Indian, see Cholera — c. Indica, see Cholera. 
 
 Chol'era Infan'tdm, Chol'eric Fever of In- 
 fants ; Cholera of Infants. A disease so termed 
 by American physicians. It occurs, generally, 
 in the middle states of the Union, in June or 
 July, and continues during the hot weather, 
 hence called the ' summer complaint' The chief 
 symptoms are vomiting, purging of green or 
 yellow matter, slime or blood, attended with pain 
 or uneasiness ; and swelling nf the abdomen, with 
 some pyrexia, generally. The heat of the wea- 
 ther seems to be the predisposing, if not the ex- 
 citing, cause. Itis a fatal disease in towns; dif- 
 fering little, if at all, from what is vulgarly called 
 the Watery Gripes in England. Clearing, gently. 
 
CHOLERAIC 
 
 200 
 
 CHONDRO-XIPHOID 
 
 tlie alimentary canal, so as to remove the offend- 
 ing matter, and then exhibiting challt mixture 
 and laudanum, with counter-irritants, as sina- 
 pisms to the abdomen, is the most satisfactory 
 plan of treatment. 
 
 Cholera, Malignant, see Cholera — c. Morbus, 
 Cholera — c. Morbus Sporadique, see Cholera — 
 c. Nostras, Cholera morbus — c. Oriental, see Cho- 
 lera — c. Pestilential, see Cholera— c. Poison, see 
 Poison — c. Spasmodic, see Cholera — c. Sporadic, 
 see Cholera — c. Sec, Cholera sicca — c. Vulgaris, 
 Cholera morbus. 
 
 Chol'era Sicca, (F.) GhoUra sec. Pneuma- 
 tosis of the digestive passages in which there is a 
 copious discharge of gas upwards and downwards. 
 
 CHOLERAIC, Choleric. 
 
 CHOLERAPHOBIA, Choleromania. 
 
 CHOL'ERIC, Choler'icHS, (F.) Cholerique. Be- 
 longing to bile; also to cholera; Cholera'ic, — as the 
 ' iholeric or choleraic virus.' The French use the 
 term Fievre cholerique for the fever accompanying 
 'jholera. 
 
 Choleric Fever op Infants, Cholera infan- 
 tum. 
 
 Choleric Temp'erament. The bilious tem- 
 perament. 
 
 CHOL'ERINE, (F.) Cholerine. A diminutive 
 of cholera. The first stage of epidemic cholera; 
 also, the precursory symptoms of cholera. 
 
 CHOLERIQUE. Choleric. 
 
 CHOL'EROID, CholeroV des, from cholera, and 
 tiioi, 'resemblance.' Resembing cholera; as a 
 ' choleroid affection.' 
 
 CHOLEROMA'NIA, Cholerapho'bia, ChoJero- 
 pho'bia, from cholera and mania. A dread of 
 cholera to such an extent that the individual 
 fancies himself affected or threatened by it. 
 
 CHOLEROPHOBIA, Choleromania. 
 
 CHOLEROPHO'NE, from cholera, and <t>u>vn, 
 ' voice.' The peculiar voice of one in cholera. 
 
 CnOLEROPROSO'PON, Cholerop'sii, from 
 cholera, and ttpocijottov, 'countenance.' The facial 
 expression of cholera. 
 
 CHOLEROPSIS, Choleroprosopon. 
 
 CHOLERO-TYPHUS, Cholera, (spasmodic.) 
 
 CHOLERRHAGIA, Cholera. 
 
 CHOLERRHCEA LYMPHATICA, Cholera. 
 
 CHOLESTBARINOMA, Cholesteatoma. 
 
 CHOLESTBATINE, Cholesterin. 
 
 CHOLESTEATO'MA, from x°^>}, 'bile,' and 
 steatoma. An encysted tumour, which presents 
 upon the interior of the cyst several superim- 
 posed layers of cholesterin, which glisten like 
 pearl. Hence it was named by Cruveilheir the 
 laminated nacreous fatty tumour. 
 
 CHOL'ESTERIN, Chol'esterine, Cholesteri'na, 
 Cholosteri'na, Cholestearine, Cholesteatine, from 
 X°^^! 'bile,' and arepeog. 'solid,' or urtap, 'suet.' 
 Ad'iiMcire, Choline. An inodorous, insipid sub- 
 stance, in white, shining scales; fusible and crys- 
 tallizing, on cooling, in radiated fibres. Soluble 
 in alcohol. It forms the crystalline part of cer- 
 tain biliary calculi. See Adipocire. 
 
 Cholesterin Disease, see Lardaceous. 
 
 CHOLEUMA, Cholosis. 
 
 CnOLH.^MIA, Cholaemia. 
 
 CHOLIA, Ch_olosis. 
 
 CHOLICE'LB, from ;^oX»?, 'bile,' and Kr,\n, 
 'tumour.' A swelling, formed by the bile mor- 
 bidly accumulated in the gall-bladder. 
 
 CHOLICUS, Bilious. 
 
 CHOLIH^MIA, Cholajmia. 
 
 CHOLINE, Cholesterin. 
 
 GHOLIOYSTIECTASIE, Turgescentia vesi- 
 
 CD& 16! Is SB 
 
 CHOLTCYSTITE, Cholecystitis. 
 CHOLIUS, Bilious. 
 CHOLOCATAR'RIIOPHE, Cholocatar- 
 
 rhophe'sis, Cholocatarroph'ia, from ;^oX)7, 'bile,' 
 and Karappoipeiv, 'to sup up.' The absorption of 
 bile. 
 
 CIIOLOGRAPHIA, Choledography. 
 
 CHOLOLITHUS, see Calculi, biliary. 
 
 CHOLO'MA, from %wXof, 'lame, maimed.' 
 Distortion of a limb ; incapacity of moving it. 
 Also, the act of limping, claudication. 
 
 CHOLOPLANIA, Icterus. 
 
 CHOLORRHCE'A, from x^^v, 'bile,' and pzw, 
 'I flow.' An abnormous discharge of bile. 
 
 CHOLOS, Bile, Chole. 
 
 CHOLO'SES, from ^oX^, 'bile.' Alibert in- 
 cludes, under this head, every morbid affection 
 of the liver and spleen. 
 
 CHOLO'SIS, from xmXos, 'lame.' Cho'lotes, 
 Cholas'ma, Cholan'sis, Choleu'ma, Chol'ia, Cluu- 
 dica'tion. Hippocrates employs this word par- 
 ticularly for a lameness of the hand, which ren- 
 ders a person one-handed, (F.) manchot. Also, 
 icterus ; bilious dysorasy. 
 
 Cholosis Americana, Fever, yellow. 
 
 CHOLOSTERINA, Cholesterin. 
 
 CHOLOTES, Cholosis. 
 
 CHOLOZEMIA FEBRILIS, Fever, bilious. 
 
 CHONDRIN, from x°''^i>°^' 'cartilage.' (F.) 
 Gelatine des cartilages. A variety of gelatin, ob- 
 tained by boiling the cornea, the permanent car- 
 tilages, and the bones before they are ossified. 
 
 CHONDRI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Cartilag"ini8, 
 (F.) Chondrite, from s;o>'i/)os, ' cartilage,' and itis, 
 a termination denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of cartilage. 
 
 CHONDROCLA'SIS, from ;^ov5pos,' cartilage,' 
 and /tXucrtj, ' fracture.' Fracture of a cartilage. 
 
 CHONDRODES, Cartilaginous, Chondroid. 
 
 CHONDROGENES'IA, Ghondrogen'esis, from 
 Xovipog, 'a cartilage,' and yeveats, 'formation.' 
 Formation of cartilage. A morbid conversion of 
 parts into cartila2;e. 
 
 CHONDROGLOS'SUS, from xo^^poi, 'a carti- 
 lage,' and yXuo-o-a, 'the tongue.' A fasciculus of 
 fleshy fibres, passing from the lesser cornu of 
 the OS hyoides to the tongue. It forms part of 
 the hyoglossus. 
 
 CHONDROG'RAPHY, Chondrogra'phia, from 
 Xov&poi, 'cartilage,' and ypa(p>i, 'a description.' 
 A descriptioti of cartilages. 
 
 CHONDROID, ChondroV des, Chondro'des, 
 from ;\;ovi5pof, ' cartilage,' and tiiog, 'resemblance.' 
 Cartilaginiform. Resembling cartilage. 
 
 CHONDROL'OGY, Chondrolog"ia, from x^^- 
 hpo%, 'a cartilage,' and \oyoi, 'a discourse.' A 
 treatise on cartilages. 
 
 CHONDRO'MA, Enchondro'ma, from x°'^^9<''i 
 ' cartilage.' A cartilaginous growth proceeding 
 from bones, including spina ventosa, osteo-sar- 
 coma, <fcc., of many. 
 
 CHONDRO-PHARYNGE'US, from x»^hoi, 'a 
 cartilage,' and (papvy^, ' the pharynx.' Fibres of 
 the muscular coat of the pharynx, which arise 
 from the lesser cornua of the os hyoides, and form 
 part of the Constrictor medius. See Constrictor 
 pharyngis. 
 
 CHONDRO'SIS, from xovSpos, 'cartilage.' A 
 morbid formation or condition of a cartilage. 
 
 CnONBROSTERN AhyChondrosterna' lis, honi 
 XovSpos, 'a cartilage,' and aripvov, 'the breast- 
 bone.' Having relation to the cartilages of the 
 ribs and breast-bone, — as the chondrosternal liga- 
 ments, articulations, Ac. 
 
 CHONDROSYNDES'MUS, from x""^?"?. '^ 
 cartilage,' and awbcanoi, 'a ligament.' Union 
 of bones, by means of fibro-cartilage. Synchon- 
 drosis. 
 
 CHONDROT'OMY, Chondrotom'ia, from xov- 
 Spo!, 'a cartilage,' and Tcpivuv, 'to cut.' Dissec- 
 tion of cartilages. 
 
 CHONDRO-XIPHOID, Chondro-xijthoVdes, 
 
CHONDRUS 
 
 201 
 
 CHOROID 
 
 From j^ovSpos, 'a. cartilage,' and xiphoid, the car- 
 tilage so called. Having relation to the xiphoid 
 cartilage, as ' Cliondro-xiphoid ligament.' 
 
 CHONDRUS, Cartilage. The Xiphoid carti- 
 lage, in particular. 
 
 Choxdrds, Alica, Fucus crispus — e. Crispus, 
 Fueus crispus — c. Polymorphus, Fucus crispus. 
 
 CHONOS, Infundibulum. 
 
 CHOPINE, Chopi'no, Cheopi'na. A measure, 
 which contains 16 ounces. A pint measure. 
 
 CHORA, x^P"' 'region.' Any void space. 
 Also, the orbit of the eye. 
 
 CHORD, TESTICULAR, Spermatic chord. 
 
 CHORDA, Corda, from %o/)^'/, ' a gut,' and 
 hence, a string made of gut. A string of an 
 instrument. It has several meanings: — as a 
 tendon, — the intestines {ChordcB.) Paracelsus 
 calls the genital organs chorda. Chorda seu 
 Fiinic'ulus Tym'pani, a branch of the Tth pair 
 of nerves, according to some, of the 6th pair, 
 according to others, and to probability, which 
 passes through the tympanum, (F.) Nerf Tympa- 
 nique — (Ch.) Corde du Tamhoiir ou da Tympan. 
 Chorda Willis'ii, TraheculcB Willis'ii, the small 
 fibres which cross the sinuses of the dura mater: 
 so called from their first describer, Willis. Chorda 
 Tendin'ea; ; the tendinous and cord-like sub- 
 stances which connect the columns carnecB of the 
 ventricles of the heart to the valves, &o. 
 
 Chorda, Intestine. 
 
 Chorda Dorsa'lis, Dorsal cord. The axis, 
 around which, according to Yon Baer, the first 
 parts of the foetus are formed, — the rudiment of 
 the future vertebral column. 
 
 Chorda Hippocratis, Aehillis Tendo — c. Lon- 
 gitudinalis Corporis Callosi, see Raphe — c. Penis, 
 Chordee — c. Tympani, see Chorda — c. Veneris, 
 Chordee. 
 
 CHORD^S!, Chordee — c. Ferrenii, Cords, vocal 
 — c, Longitudinales lancisii, see Raphe— c. Ten- 
 dine«, see Chorda — c. Transversales Willisii, see 
 Corpus callosum — c. Vocales, Cords, vocal — c. 
 Willisii, see Chorda. 
 
 CHORDAP'SUS, from X''P^1' 'intestine.' and 
 a-Ttiv, ' to tie,' Intussuscep'tio. Constriction or 
 twisting of the intestines. — Celsus. The Colica 
 Ileus. See Enteritis and Ileus. 
 
 CHORDEE', Cordee', Chorda Ven'eris seu 
 Penis, Phallancylo' sis, Phallocamp'sis, Chordm, 
 Chorda' ta Gonorrhoe'a. A painful affection of 
 the penis, attending gonorrhoja, and happening 
 chiefly at night. It occurs when the violence of 
 the inflammation is such, that the urethra cannot 
 expand as much as the corpora cavernosa during 
 erection, and consequently the glans seems pain- 
 fully drawn downwards. The application of cold 
 water topically, and the administration of opium 
 internally, palliate it. 
 
 CHORE'A, Ch. Sancti Viti seu Sancti Modes'ti 
 seu gesticulato'ria, Choroma'nia, Syn'cloniis sal- 
 tans, Tripudia'tio spastica, iroin xoi)tta, 'a dance;' 
 sometimes called Scelotyr'be, S. Tarnntismus, Viti 
 Scdtus, Salta'tio SanCTI Viti, Ballis'miis, Con- 
 vid'sio habitua'lis, Siph'ita prava, Syn'clonus 
 Chorea, Myotyr'be, Choreoma'nia, Orchestroma'- 
 iiia, Epileps'ia Scdlato'ria, Morbus Saltato'rins 
 seu gesticulato'rius seu Lasci'ms, Hieran'osus, St. 
 Vitus's Dance, Viper's Dance, because the move- 
 ments resemble dancing; (F.) Choree, Danse de 
 Saint Witt, Danse de St. Guy. The character- 
 istics are :— irregular and involuntary motions of 
 one or more limbs, and of the face and trunk. It 
 is a disease which usually occurs before puberty ; 
 and is generally connected with torpor of the 
 system, and of the digestive organs in particular. 
 Its duration is long, but it is usually devoid of 
 danger; although frequently but little under the 
 control of medicine. The spasms do not continue 
 
 during sleep. The indications of treatment are : 
 to strengthen the general system, and stimulate 
 the intestinal canal. Purgatives, once or twice 
 a week, and chalybeates, with appropriate regi- 
 men, will fulfil these. 
 
 Chorea, Chronic, see Tic — c. Faciei, Tic — c. 
 Gesticulatoria, Chorea — c. Partial, see Tic — e. 
 Sancti Modesti, Chorea — c. Sancti Valentini, Ta- 
 rantismus — c. Sancti Viti, Chorea. 
 
 CHOREE, Chorea. 
 
 CHORE'GIA, from ;^opos', 'a troop of dancers 
 and singers,' and ayh^, 'I lead.' Hippocrates 
 uses this term for the whole of the apparatus 
 necessary for a physician or surgeon. 
 
 CHOREOMANIA, Chorea. 
 
 CHORIODEii'TIS, Chorioidei'tis, Chorioidi'- 
 tis, Choro'idi'tis, (F.) Choro'idife, from X''?°"^i;j 
 ' the choroid,' and itis. Inflammation of the 
 choroid coat of the eye. 
 
 CHORIODES, Choroid. 
 
 CHORIOIDEA, Choroid. 
 
 CHORIOIDES, Choroid. 
 
 CHO'RION, x"?^"'") 'skin,' from ;^(jp£tv, 'to 
 contain,' include ; [?] Camia'ia Fcettis : Vae chemise 
 or shirt of the foetus in utero. A thin, transpa- 
 rent membrane, formerly confounded with the 
 deoidua, which surrounds the foetus in utero on 
 every side, and appears to be developed from 
 nucleated cells formed in the Fallopian tube. 
 Some histologists, however, consider, that it 
 exists in the ovary. The general opinion is, that 
 it is formed as above described ; and perhaps, also, 
 from the zona pellucida, which disappears in the 
 tube. In the uterus, villous prolongations are 
 formed on its surface, which have given it, with 
 more recent writers, the name ' shaggy chorion.' 
 These villi are probably the agents of the ab- 
 sorption of nutritive matter furnished from the 
 lining membrane of the uterus. 
 
 By many anatomists, the chorion is considered 
 to be formed of two layers; the outer, called by 
 Burdach Exocho'rion : the inner, Endocho'rion. 
 By others, the distinction of laminse is denied. 
 It is exterior to the amnion. 
 
 Chorion also means the true skin. See Cutis. 
 By some, the Zona pellucida is so called. 
 
 Chorion Fungosum, Decidua— c. Reticulatum, 
 Decidua — c. Shaggy, see Chorion and Decidua — 
 c. Spongiosum, see Decidua — c. Spongy, see De- 
 cidua — 0. Tomentosuin, see Decidua. 
 
 CHORIONITIS. Induration of the Cellular 
 tissue. 
 
 CHOROID, ChoroVdeus, ChoroVdes, ChorioV- 
 dcs, Chorio'des from ;^of)ioi', 'the chorion,' and 
 £(5of, ' shape,' 'resemblance.' Several parts are 
 so called, which resemble the chorion in the 
 multitude of their vessels. 
 
 Choroid Muscle, Ciliary muscle. 
 
 Choroid Plexus, Plexus choro'i'dvs seu cho- 
 roi'dens seu reticula'ris, Vermes cer'ehri. Two 
 membranous and vascular duplieatures of the 
 pia mater, situate in the lateral ventricles. 
 They are fixed to the Tela choro'idea by one edge, 
 and are loose and floating at the other. 
 
 ChOKOIDEA Tela, Plexus choro'ideus medins, 
 (F.) Toile choro'idienne. A kind of vasculo- 
 membranous prolongation of the pia mater, 
 which lines the lower surface of the fornix united 
 with the corpus callosum. It is stretched above 
 the third ventricle and covers the posterior com- 
 missure and corpora quadrigemina. Anteriorly, 
 the tela choroidea is continuous with the plexus 
 choroides. 
 
 Choroi'dea seu Chorioi'dea Tu'nica, Ck. 
 Membra'nn, or simply the Choroid. Tu'iiica vas~ 
 culo'so seu aciniform'is seu rhugai'des Ocnll. (P.) 
 Membrane choro'ide, Choro'ide. A thin membrane, 
 of a very dark colour, which lines the sclerotica 
 
CHOROIDE 
 
 202 
 
 CHRYSOCHALCOS 
 
 internally. The part behind the iris is called 
 Uvea. It is situate between the sclerotica and 
 retina, has an opening, posteriorly, for the pas- 
 sage of the optic nerve; and terminates, ante- 
 riorly, at the great circumference of the iris, 
 where it is continuous with the ciliary processes. 
 According to Ruysch, the choroid consists of two 
 layers, to the innermost of which his son gave the 
 name Tu'nica seu Membra'na Riiynchia'na, M. 
 chon'o-capilla'ris, (F.) 3Ienibrane Jiiii/schienne. 
 The internal surface of the membrane is covered 
 with a dark pigment, consisting of several layers 
 of pigment cells, called Pigmen'tum tiigrum, 
 Stratum pic/men' ti, OphthalmocliroVten, xJSthiops 
 animal, Mela'iae, llelanine, 3Iatiere ou Principe 
 de la Melanone, (F.) Enduit clioro'idien. Its use 
 seems to be, to absorb the rays of light after they 
 have traversed the retina. 
 
 Choroide^ VeNjE, VeiicB Gale'ni, (F.) Veines 
 choro'idieiines. Two veins, that creep along the 
 tela choroidea ; into which almost all those of 
 the lateral ventricles, of the upper part of the 
 cerebellum, of the pineal gland, and the corpora 
 quadrigemina open. The Venae Galeni open into 
 the sinns quartus or fourth sinus. 
 
 CHOROIDE, CEINTURE BLANCHE BE 
 LA, Ciliary ligament — c. Commissure de la, Cili- 
 ary ligament. 
 
 CHOROIDITIS, Choriodeitis. 
 
 CHOROi'DO-RETINI'TIS. Inflammation of 
 the choroid and retina. 
 
 CHOROMANIA, Chorea. 
 
 CHOSES CONTRE NATURE, Res contra 
 naturam — c. Nattirelles, Res naturales — c. no7t 
 Naturelhs, Res laon naturales. 
 
 CHOSIS, Arenatio. 
 
 CHOU, Brassica — c. Cabits, Brassiea capitata 
 . — c. Crodte, Sauer Kraut — e. Fleur, Brassica 
 Florida, Cauliflower excrescence — e. Marin, Con- 
 volvulus soldanella — c. Navet, Brassica rapa — 
 c. Pomme, Brassica capitata — c. Potager, Brassica 
 — c. Rnquette, Brassica ernca. 
 
 CHOWDER, a favorite New England dish, 
 made of fish, pork, onions, and biscuit, stewed 
 together. 
 
 In Devonshire, England, chowder is a fish- 
 seller. — Halliwell. In the west of England 
 chowder beer is a liquor made by boiling black 
 spruce in water, and mixing it with molasses. — 
 Webster. 
 
 CHREMMA, Sputum. 
 
 CHREMPSIS, Exspuition. 
 
 CHRISIS, from XP"^! 'I anoint.' The action 
 of anointing. Inunction. 
 
 CHRISMA, same etymon. The act of anoint- 
 ing. The salve or liniment used, Chrism, Creme. 
 Prurigo. 
 
 CHRISTI MANUS. Troches prepared from 
 refined sugar boiled in rose-water with or without 
 prepared pearls. 
 
 CHRISTOPHER, HERB, Actaea spicata. 
 
 CHRISTOPHORIANA SPICATA, Actsea 
 spicata. 
 
 CHRISTOS, ;^/)joTof, from x^nia, '1 anoint.' 
 Any medicine applied under the form of liniment 
 or ointment. 
 
 CHROA, Chroea, Chroma. Colour in general. 
 The surface of the body. The skin. 
 
 CHROMA. Chroa. 
 
 CHROMATISME, Aberration of refrangi- 
 bility. 
 
 CHROMATOG"ENOUS, from jcpw/^a, :^pu/;/a- 
 TOi, ' colour,' and ytwiKo, ' I make.' 
 
 CHRO)fATOG"ENOlTS AppaRA'tUS. A SUpposi- 
 
 titious glandular apparatus for producing the 
 colouring matter of the skin, composed of a 
 glandular or secreting parenchyma, situate a little 
 below the papillae, and presenting special excre- 
 
 tory ducts, which pour out the colouring matter 
 on the surface of the true skin. — Breschet. 
 
 CHROMATOMETABLEPSIA, Achro- 
 matopsia. 
 
 CHROMATOPHO'BIA, from xpwA'a? Xpofforof, 
 'colour,' and (pofioi, 'dread.' Morbid sensibility 
 to certain colours. 
 
 CHROMATOPSEUDOPSIA, Achromatopsia. 
 
 CHROMATOPSIA, Chromopsia. 
 
 CHROMIC ACID, Ac"idum Chro'micum, (F.) 
 Acide chromique. Obtained by crystallization 
 from a mixture of bichromate of potassa, and 
 oil of vitriol. It has been used as an escharotic 
 in external hemorrhoids. 
 
 CHROMIDRO'SIS, from xpi^l^a, 'colour,' and 
 'i6pws, ' sweet.' Abnormous coloration of the per- 
 spiratory secretion. 
 
 CHROMOP'SIA, Chromop'ia, Chromatop'sia, 
 Chrotop'sia, Ohrnp'sia, Crop'sia, Visus colora'tics, 
 Siijfu'sio colo'rans, Chroop'sy, Chromop'sy, L'ides'- 
 cent Elision, from xpu/^a, 'and o^ii, 'vision.' A 
 state of vision in which a colored impression, as 
 of the rainbow, is made on the retina. Said to 
 be occasionally observed in jaundice. 
 
 CHRONIC, Chron'icus, Chro'inus, Polychro'- 
 nius, Iiiveteru'tus, Anti'quus, (F.) Chronique, from 
 Xpovos, ' time.' Of long duration. 
 
 Chronic Diseases, Morbi chron'ici, Macro- 
 nos'icB, Macro'si<B, (F.) Maladies Chroniques, are 
 those whose duration is long, or whose symptoms 
 proceed slowly. The antithesis to chronic is acute. 
 
 CHRONIC'"ITY, Chronic"itas, (P.) Chronicite. 
 The state of a chronic malady. 
 
 CHRONIQUE, Chronic. 
 
 CHRONO, from xpi>voi, 'time.' A prefix to 
 terms denoting inflammation of a part, to show 
 that such inflammation is chronic. — Piorry. 
 
 CHRONOGYNIA, Menstruation. 
 
 GHRONO-HEPATITE, Hepatitis, chronic. 
 
 CHRONO-NEPHRJTE, Nephritis (chronic.) 
 
 CHRONO-THERMAL, from XP"^"^' 'time,' 
 and ^cpfiri 'heat.' Relating to time and tempe- 
 rature. An epithet given to a fanciful 'system' 
 by Dr. Samuel Dickson, which maintains, that 
 there can be no increase or diminution of tempe- 
 rature without motion ; no motion without time; 
 that motion consists in attraction and repulsion ; 
 that attraction and repulsion are peculiar to elec- 
 tric action ; and hence, that medicines must 
 change the motions of the system, and be electri- 
 cal in their operation. 
 
 CHROOPSY, Chromopsia. 
 
 CHROTOPSIA, Chromopsia. 
 
 CHRUPSIA, Chromopsia. 
 
 CHRYSALEA, Nitro-muriatic acid. 
 
 CHRYSANTHEMUM, Calendula officinalis. 
 
 Chrysan'themum Leucan'themum, from xpv- 
 o-of, 'gold,' and av^enov, 'a flower.' The Ox-eye 
 daisy, Daisy, Whiteweed, Goldens, Maudlinwort, 
 Bellis major seu praten'sis, Bupthal'mum majus, 
 Leucan'themum vidga're seu Bellidioi'des, Ma- 
 trica'ria, Consol'ida media, Oc'idus Bovis, (F.) 
 Chrysantheme, Chrysene, Grand 3fargueritc des 
 pres. Ore/. Compositae. The flowers and herb are 
 slightly acrid; and were once used in pulmonary 
 diseases. 
 
 Chrysanthemum Parthenium, Matricaria par- 
 thenium. 
 
 CHRY'SE, from xP'"""^' 'gold.' The name of 
 a yellow plaster, described by Paulus of ^^gina, 
 and composed of thus, alum, lead, colophony, 
 resin, oil, and orpiment, boiled in vinegar. 
 
 CHR F.S'ii'iVi'jChrysanthemum leucanthemum. 
 
 CHRYSITIS, see Plumbi oxidum semivitreum. 
 
 CHRYSOBALANUS GALENI, see Myristica 
 mosehnta. 
 
 CHRYSOCALIS, Matricaria. 
 
 CHRYSOCHALCOS, Brass. 
 
CHRYSOCOLLA 
 
 203 
 
 CHYMIATRIA 
 
 CHRYSOCOLLA, Boras. 1 
 
 CHRYSOCOMA, Millefolium. 
 
 CHRYSOLACHANUM, Chenopodium bonus 
 Henricus. 
 
 CHRYSOL'ITHUS, Chrys'oUte, from XP"""^' 
 'gold,' and Xi^os, 'stone.' A precious stone, of 
 a golden colour, regarded by the ancients as car- 
 diac, cephalic, &c. 
 
 CHRYSOMELIA, see Citrus aurantium. 
 
 CHRYSOPHYLLUM BURANHEM, 
 Monesia. 
 
 CHRYSOPHYL'LUM CAINI'TO, from XP''<^°s. 
 * gold,' and ^vXAoi', ' a leaf.' Cainito, Siderox'- 
 ylon, Broad-leaved Star-apple. A tree of the 
 Antilles, Ord. Sapotacese, which produces one 
 of the best fruits of the country. There are seve- 
 ral varieties of it. 
 
 Chbysophyllum Glyciphl^um, Monesia. 
 
 CHRYSOPDS, Cambogia, 
 
 CHRYSOS, Gold. 
 
 CHRYSOSPERMUM, Sempervivum tectorum. 
 
 CHRYZA FIBRAUREA, Coptis. 
 
 CHTHONOPHA'GIA, Cachex'ia Africa'na, 
 Ifala'cia sen Pica Africano'rum, Leucophlegmn' - 
 tia seu Chloro'sis ^thio'pum, Dirt-eating, (F.) 
 3Ial d'Esfoinac from %9mv, 'earth,' and 0ayu>, 'I 
 eat.' A disorder of the nutritive functions ob- 
 served amongst the negroes of the South and of 
 the West Indies, in which there is an irresistible 
 desire to eat dirt. It is accompanied by most of 
 the signs of chlorosis. 
 
 The Ottomacs on the Orinoco, and the natives 
 of portions of the Hudson's Bay territory, are 
 Chthonoph'agi or ' earth eaters.' The earth is a 
 form of steatite. 
 
 CHU, Ghoa or Chits, x^^Sf Ohocus. A liquid 
 measure amongst the Greeks, answering to the 
 Gongius of the Romans, and containing six sex- 
 tarii, or twelve Attic cotylae, or nine pints. — 
 Galen. 
 
 CHUMOSIS, Chemosis. 
 
 CHURNMILK, Buttermilk. 
 
 CHURRUS, see Bangue. 
 
 CHUTE, Prolapsus — c. dn Fondement, Proc- 
 tocele — c. de la Matrice, Procidentia uteri— c. des 
 Oeiifs, see Parturition — c. du Rectum, Proctocele. 
 
 CHYLAIRE, Chylous. 
 
 CHYLAR, Chylous. 
 
 CHYLARION, Chyle. 
 
 CHYLE, Ghi/lus, Succus nutrit"ius, from x^'^> 
 'Iflow.' The word, in Hippocrates, means Tisane 
 or Decoction of Barley, Ghyla'rion, ;^tiXapiov. Ga- 
 len first used it in its present sense : — i. e. for a 
 nutritive fluid, extracted by intestinal absorp- 
 tion, from food which has been subjected to 
 the action of the digestive organs. It is of a 
 whitish appearance; and is formed from the chyme 
 in the duodenum, and the rest of the small intes- 
 tines, by the chyliferous vessels, which arise at the 
 mucous surface of the intestine. Along these it 
 passes through the mesenteric glands to the tho- 
 racic duct, and is finally poured into the left sub- 
 clavian. It is composed, like the blood, of a fluid 
 • — liquor chyli — and of Chyle corpuscles or glo- 
 bules, the average size of which is about l-4600th 
 of an inch. See Chyme. 
 
 Chyle Corpuscles, see Chyle. 
 
 OHYLEUX, Chylous. 
 
 CHYLIF'EROUS, Chy'lifer, Ghyliferus, Ghy- 
 loph'orus, (F.) Chylifere, from chylus,' chyle,' and 
 ferre, ' to carry.' Chyle-bearing. 
 
 Chylip'erous Vessels, Vasa Chylif'era seu 
 Ghylof era, Via chyli f era, Vence lactece, Vasa 
 Inctea, Lacteals, (F.) Vaisseaux cJiyliferes, V. 
 Lactes. Vessels which convey the chyle from 
 the intestines to the thoracic duet. They have 
 also been called galactoph' orons vessels. 
 
 CHYLIFICATION, Ghylifica'tio, Chylo'sis, 
 Chylopoe'sis, Prcepara'tio chyli, from chylus, 
 
 ' chyle,' and facere, ' to make.' Formation of 
 chyle during the digestive processes. It has, at 
 times, been applied to the changes produced on 
 the aliment in the small intestine ; but is now 
 restricted to the act of forming chyle at the ra- 
 dicles of the chyliferous vessels. 
 
 CHYLINE. Cyclamen. 
 
 CHYLISMA, Succus expressus. 
 
 CHYLIS'MUS, from xv>^os, 'juice.' The act 
 of expressing the juice of vegetables, &c. 
 
 CHYLOCYSTIS, Receptaculum chyli. 
 
 CHYLODES, Chvlous. 
 
 CHYLODIABETES, Chyluria. 
 
 CHYLODIARRHCEA, Coeliac flux. 
 
 CHYLODOCHIUM, Receptaculum chyli. 
 
 CHYLOG'RAPHY, from x^^«s, 'chyle,' and 
 ypa(pri, ' a description.' A description of the ana- 
 tomy, <fec., of the chyliferous vessels. 
 
 CHYLOPOESIS, Chyliflcation. 
 
 CHYLOPOET'IC, Chylopoet'icus, Chylopoeus, 
 from ;^uAo?, ' chyle,' and nouw, ' I make.' Re- 
 lating to or connected with the formation of chyle. 
 Chiefly applied to the organs immediately con- 
 cerned in it ; as the stomach, intestines, omenta, 
 and mesentery. Assistant Chylopoetic: — ap- 
 plied to viscera which aid in the formation of 
 chyle, as the liver aud pancreas. 
 
 CHYLORRHCEA, Cceliac flux — c. Pectoris, 
 Chylothorax — c. Renalis, Chyluria — c. Urinalis, 
 Chyluria. 
 
 CHYLOSIS, Chyliflcation. 
 
 CHYLOSTAG'MA D lAPHORET'ICUM 
 MINDERE'RI. {x.'''><'>s> 'juice,' and ara^ia, 'I 
 distil.') A compound prepared by distilling the 
 theriac o/Andromachus, the mithridote q/"Damo- 
 crates, and other alexipharmies, &c. It is nearly 
 the same preparation as the Aqua Theriaca'lia 
 Bezoar'dica. 
 
 CHYLOTHO'RAX,PZe»rorr^ce'a cTirjlo'sa, Ghy- 
 lorrhce'a Pec'toris, Hydrotho'rax chylo'sus ; from 
 X^^og, ' chyle,' and dupa^, ' the chest.' — Effusion 
 of chyle into the chest, owing to the rupture of a 
 chyliferous vessel. 
 
 CHYLOUS, Chylar, Chylo'sus sen Ghyla'ris, 
 Chylo'des, (F) Chylenx, Chylaire. Relating to 
 the chyle; or having some analogy to that fluid. 
 
 CHYLU'RIA, Diahe'tes lac'tens seu chylo'sus, 
 Ghylodiahe' tcs, Galactu'ria, Fluxus cceliacus per 
 Renes, Pyn'ria lac'tea seu Ghylo'sa, Coeliaca uri- 
 na'lis seu rena'lis, Chylorrhoe'a urina'Us seu re- 
 na'lis, from ;\;i>Xos, ' chyle,' and ovpov, 'urine.' (F.) 
 Diabete chyleux. A discharge of milky urine, 
 without any apparent lesion of the kidneys or 
 bladder. 
 
 CHYLUS, Chyle, Decoction, Succus. 
 
 CHYME, Chynins, X"H°!' 'juice,' from ;^vu, ' I 
 flow.' The pulp, formed by the food, mixed with 
 the supra-diaphragmatic and gastric secretions, 
 after it has been for some time in the stomach. 
 In this it continues until it reaches the biMary 
 and pancreatic ducts, which open into the duo- 
 denum, where the conversion into chj'le occurs, 
 which is absorbed by the chj'liferous vessels, — the 
 excrementitious portion of the food traversing the 
 large intestine to be evacuated per anum. Cas- 
 telli asserts, that Chyme and Chyle were used in 
 an opposite sense by the ancients, to that ac- 
 cepted at present. 
 
 CHYML Humours. 
 
 CHYMIA, Chymistry — c. Organiea, Chymis- 
 try. organic — c. Pharmaceutica, see Chymistry. 
 
 CHYMIA'TER, Chimia'ter, Chemia'ter, from 
 Xvtucta or xvyii-a, 'chymistry,' and tarpo;, ' a phy- 
 sician,' latro-chyni'icus. A chemical physician. 
 
 CHYMIATRI'A, Chimiatri'a, Chemiairi'a, 
 latro-ehemi' a, 3Ted!ci'na spngyr'ica, Ars Chymi- 
 at'rica, (F.) Chimidtrie, Chimisme (of some), from 
 X^iiua or xniiua, 'chymistry,' and tarpua, 'cure.' 
 The art of curing by chemical means. 
 
CHYMICAL 
 
 204 
 
 CICERBITA 
 
 CHYM'ICAL, Chem'icnl, Cheju'ieus, Chemo'- 
 tieus. A medicine formed by the aid of chymis- 
 try, in contradistinction to Galenical. 
 
 CHYM'ICO-HISTOL'OG Y, Cliym'ico-hhtolog'- 
 ia, Chem'ico-histol'ogy. The doctrine of the or- 
 ganic chemistry and morphology of tissues. 
 
 CHYMICOPHANTA, Chymist. 
 
 CHYMICUS, Chymical, Chymist. 
 
 CHYMIE, Chymistry. 
 
 CHYMIFICA'TION, Chymifica'tio, Chymo'- 
 sis, from X"!^"^' 'J^i"^^/ ^^^ facere, * to make.' 
 Formation of chyme. 
 
 CHY3IISM, Chymism'us, Chemism'us, (F.) 
 Chimieme. The abuse of chymistry in its appli- 
 cation to the science of organized bodies. By 
 some used synonymously with Chymiatria. Also, 
 an account of the chemical phenomena apper- 
 taining to a function — as the ehemiemus of respira- 
 tion. 
 
 CIIYM'IST, Chem'ist, Chem'icus, Chymico- 
 phan'ta, Chym'icus, (F.) Chimiste ou Chymiste. 
 One acquainted with chymistry. In Great Bri- 
 tain it has, also, the signification of "one who 
 sells chemicals." 
 
 CHYMTSTE, Chymist. 
 
 CHYM'ISTRY, Ohem'istry, Chemi'a, Chymi'a, 
 Gkhni'a, Chemeu'tiee, Chemot'ice, Philosoph' ia pei- 
 ignem, Spagy'ria, Pyroteeh'nia, Pyrosoph'ia, Ars 
 hermet'ica seu mago'rum seu aepaiato'ria seu spa- 
 gyr'ica, Archima' gia, from :^tJ/^os, 'juice,' or from 
 Arab, chema, ' a secret.' (F.) Chiinie ou Chymie. 
 A branch of the natural sciences, whose object 
 is to investigate the nature and properties of 
 bodies, simple and compound, inorganic and 
 organized ; and to study the force or power, by 
 virtue of which every combination is effected. It 
 investigates the action between the integrant mo- 
 lecules or atoms of bodies. 
 
 Organ' ic Chemistry, Chymi'a organ'ica, Organo- 
 chemi'a, is the chymistry of organized substances, 
 — animal and vegetable. Animal Chym'ietry, 
 Zooch'emy or Zooch'ymy, Zoochemi' a, is the chy- 
 mistry of substances afforded by the dead or living 
 animal body. This branch of chymistry has been 
 farther subdivided into physiological, when it con- 
 siders the changes produced in organized bodies 
 in health, — pathological, when it regards those 
 produced by organic or other diseases. Anthro- 
 poch'ymy, Anthropochemi'a, is the chymistry of 
 the human body. Chymistry is called Therapeu'- 
 tical or Pharmaceu'tical, Pharmnco-chymi'a, Chy- 
 mi'a pharmaceii'tica, when it is engaged in the 
 analysis of simple medicines ; in improving the 
 prescribing and preparing of chemical and Galeni- 
 cal medicines; in the means of preparing them, 
 and detecting adulterations, &c. Hygien'ie Chym'- 
 istry is that which is applied to the means of 
 rendering habitations healthy, of analyzing the 
 air we breathe, preventing the occurrence of dis- 
 ease, pointing out healthy aliments, and apprecia- 
 ting the influence of professions, &c., on the health 
 of man. All these different subdivisions, with 
 vegetable chymistry, are, at times, included un- 
 der the head of Medical Chym'istry, Phytochy- 
 mistry ; at others, the term comprehends only the 
 Animal, Vegetable and Pharmaceutical subdivi- 
 sions. Vital Chemistry, Biochymi'a, is that which 
 is exerted under the influence of vitality. His- 
 toch'ymy, Hietochemi' a, Histo-chem'istry, is the 
 chemistry of the tissues, and Phlegmatoch' emy, 
 that of the animal humours, (Lehraann). 
 
 Aknowledgeof chemistry is of great importance 
 to the physician. Many of the functions are of 
 a chemical nature : many diseases require a che- 
 mical mode of treatment; and, without an ac- 
 quaintance with it, two or more substances might 
 be given in combination, which, by forming a 
 chemical union, might give rise to other com- 
 pounds, possessing very different virtues from the 
 
 components taken singly, and thus the prescriber 
 be disappointed in the results. 
 
 Chymistry, Animal, see Chymistry — c. Hy- 
 gienic, see Chymistry — c. Medical, see Chymis- 
 try — c. Organic, see Chymistry — c. Pharmaceu- 
 tic, see Chymistry — c. Therapeutical, see Chy- 
 mistry — c. Vegetable, see Chymistry — c. Vital, 
 see Chymistry. 
 
 CHYMOCHEZIA, Coeliac flux. 
 
 CHYMOPLA'NIA, (G.) Chymoplanien, 
 Dyschymosen, from x^i'"^' 'j^^'ce,' and irXavi;, 
 ' wandering.' A transposition of secretions : — a 
 family of diseases in the classification of Fuchs, 
 which includes icterus, uroplania, menoplania 
 and galactoplania. 
 
 CHYMORRHCEA, Coeliac flux, Lientery. 
 
 CHYMOSIN, Pepsin. 
 
 CHYMOSIS, Chemosis, Chymification. 
 
 CHYMOUS, Chymo'sus, (F.) Chymeux. Re- 
 lating to, or resembling chyme. 
 
 CHYMOZEMIA, Hypercrinia. 
 
 CHYTLEN, RADIX. A cylindrical root, bitter 
 and inodorous, brought from China. It is held 
 by the Chinese to be stomachic. — Murray. 
 
 CHYT'LON, ;i^t;rXoi', from x^*^' ' ^ pour out.' 
 A liquid formerly used for rubbing the body after 
 bathing. 
 
 CIBARIUM, Aliment. 
 
 CIBARIOUS, Esculent. 
 
 CIBA'RIUS PANIS, ' Coarse bread.' Bread 
 made of second flour. — Celsus. 
 
 CIBA'TIO. Trojihe. The taking of food. In 
 Pharmacy, it is the same as Incorporation. 
 
 CIBUS, Aliment — c. Albus, Blancmanger — c. 
 Deorum, Asafoetida. 
 
 CICATRICE, Cicatrix. 
 
 CICATRICES OVARIORUM, Stigmata ova- 
 riorum. 
 
 CICATRIC'ULA. Diminutive of Cicatrix. A 
 small cica'trix. Stigma, (F.) Cicatrictile. The 
 term is, also, applied to a small white spot, called 
 the tread, chal'aza, chola'zium, observable at the 
 surface of a fecundated egg. See Molecule. 
 
 CICATRISAN'TIA, Epnlot'ica, Symdot'ica, 
 Apulot'icn, Catulot'ica, Ulot'ica,{F.) Oicatrisants. 
 Remedies formerly considered to be capable of 
 producing cicatrization. 
 
 CICA'TRIX, Cceca'frix, Ule, Oide, Cie'atrice, 
 from ccBcare, 'to conceal,' because it conceals the 
 the wound. (F.) Cicatrice. A scar. A seam, 
 (Sc.) Arr. The union of parts, which have been 
 divided. A scar or formation, of a reddish colour, 
 afterwards whitish, and of variable thickness, 
 which takes place at the surface of wounds or 
 ulcers after their cure. A cicatrix may vary much 
 in shape, consistence, and thickness. The cica- 
 trix of a bone is called Callus. A vic"ions cica'- 
 trix, (F.) Cicatrice vicieuse, is one which inter- 
 feres with the action of the parts on which it 
 occurs. The scars, (F.) Ooiitnres, after small-pox, 
 are called Pits or Pock-marks, (Sc.) Pock-arrs, 
 (F.) Coutures par la petite verole. See Pock-mark. 
 
 CicATKix Variola. Pock-mark. 
 
 CICATRIZA'TION, Oicatrisa'tio, Epulo'sis, 
 Synulo'sis. The process by which a cicatrix is 
 formed. Every tissue, except the nails, epider- 
 mis, hair, and enamel is, probably, capable of 
 cicatrization. 
 
 CICELY, SWEET, Chserophyllum odoratum, 
 Osmorrhiza longistylis, Seandix odorata. 
 
 CICER ARIETI'NUM. The Cicer plant, Ere- 
 hin'thus, (F.) Cicerole, Pais Chiche, Garvance, 
 Pesette. The seeds are ground into flour, and 
 used as bread in some countries. 
 
 Cicer Lens, Ervum lens. 
 
 CI'CERA TAR'TARL Small pills of turpen- 
 tine and cream of tartar — of the size of a vetch 
 or cicer. 
 
 CICERBITA, Sonchus oleraceus. 
 
C ICE ROLE 
 
 205 
 
 CILIARY 
 
 CTCEROLE, Cicer arietinum. 
 
 CICHO'RIUM ENDIV'IA. The systematic 
 name of the Endive, Eadiv'ia, Endi'va, In'tuhum, 
 Tn'tyhiim {Antiq.), Scariola, Iii'tybus horten'sis, 
 (P.) OhicorSe des Jardins, Scariole. Ord. Cicho- 
 raceffi. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia asqua- 
 lis. It is a common pot herb, and is eaten as 
 salad. 
 
 CicHo'rium In'tybus, Seris, Seriola, In'tiibiim 
 errat'icum. The systematic name of the Wild 
 Siic'cory, Wild Cich'ory, Cich'ory, Chic'ory, Wild 
 Endive, Ainbitlei'a, Heliotro' pion, Catanan'ce, 
 Cicko'reum, (F.) Chicoree snuuage. It is bitter, 
 and was once given as a tonic. The root, roasted 
 and ground, is often used instead of, or mixed 
 vrith, coffee. 
 
 CICHORY, Cichorium intybus— c. AVUd, Cicho- 
 rium intybus. 
 
 CICI, Ricinus communis. 
 
 CICINDE'LA, Lam'pyris Noctihi'ca, Nited'- 
 ida. The Glow-worm. (F.) Ver luisnnt. This 
 insect was once thought to be anodyne and lithon- 
 triptic. 
 
 CICIS, see Quercus infectoria. 
 
 CICON'GIUS; an ancient measure, containing 
 12 pints. 
 
 CICUTA, Conium maculatum. 
 
 CiCu'tA Aquat'ica, C. viro'sa, Cicuta'riaaqnat'- 
 ica, Corian'drum cieu'ta, Water Hemlock, Cow- 
 bane, (F.) Ciyue aquatique ou virense, Gicutaire 
 aqnatiqiie. Family, Umbelliferas. Sex. Syst. 
 Pentandria Digynia. A violent poison, often 
 eaten by mistake for Wild Smalhige, Apliim 
 Graveolens. It produces tremors, vertigo, burn- 
 ing at the stomach, and all the symptoms occa- 
 sioned by the Narcotico-acrid class of poisons. 
 
 Cicu'ta Macdla'ta, (F.) Cigue d'Amerique, 
 American xoater hemlock, American Hemlock, 
 Snakeweed, Death of man. Water parsley, Poison 
 root, Wild Hemlock, Children's bane. Spotted 
 Cowbane, is analogous in botanical character and 
 medical properties to the European species. See 
 Conium maculatum. 
 
 CicuTA Major, Conium maculatum — c. Major 
 foetida, Conium maculatum — c. Stoerkii, Conium 
 maculatum — c. Terrestris, Conium maculatum — 
 c. Virosa, Cicuta aquatica — c. Vulgaris, Conium 
 maculatum. 
 
 CICUTA [RE AQUATIQUE, Cicuta aquatica. 
 
 CICUTARIA, Chserophyllum sylvestre — c. 
 Aquatica, Cicuta aquatica, Phellandrium aquati- 
 cum — c. Odorata, Chserophyllum odoratum. 
 
 CICUTINE, see Conium. 
 
 CIDER, Poma'ceum, (F.) Cidre. This word 
 is said to have been formerly written sidre, and 
 to have come from Sic' era, ciKcpa, which signifies 
 any kind of fermented liquor other than wine. 
 It is made from the juice of apples, and, when 
 good, is a wholesome drink. 
 
 CIDRE, Cider. 
 
 CIERGE DE NOTRE DA3IE, Verbaseum 
 thapsus. 
 
 CIGAR', Cigar'ra, (S.) Cigarro, (F.) Cigare. 
 A small tubular roll of tobacco, used for smoking. 
 
 Medic" inal or Med'icated Cigars, (F.) Cigares 
 Medieinaux, are made of dried plants, with, or 
 without, the addition of medicinal articles. When 
 rolled in paper, they form cigarettes, which may 
 be used with or without combustion, as in the 
 case of the Cigarettes de Camphre. The Ciga- 
 rettes arsenicales de Boudin are made of paper 
 impregnated with an aqueous solution of arse- 
 nious acid, or of arseniate of soda, and dried. 
 
 CIGARETTE, see Cigar— c. Ars6nicale de 
 Bniidin, see Cigar — c. de Camphre, see Cigar. 
 
 CIGARRA, Cigar. 
 
 CIGNUS ; an ancient measure, which contained 
 about two drachms. 
 
 CIGUE AQUATIQUE, Cicuta aquatica — c. 
 d'Amerique, Cicuta maculata — e. d'Eaii, Phellan- 
 drium aquaticum — c. Grande, Conium maculatum 
 — c. Ordinaire, Conium maculatum — c. Officinale, 
 Conium — c. Petite, ^thusa cynapium — c. Vireuse, 
 Cicuta aquatica. 
 
 CIL'IA (singular Cilium), Blephar'ides, Epi- 
 coe'lides, Pili palpebra'rtim. The eyelashes, (Sc.) 
 Winkers. The hairs on the eyelids. (F.) Cils. 
 Their use seems to be, to prevent the entrance 
 into the eye of light bodies flying in the atmo- 
 sphere; and to diminish, in certain cases, the in- 
 tensity of light. Also, the tarsi. Also, a pecu- 
 liar sort of moving organs, resembling small 
 hairs, vi'bratory or vi'bratile cil'ia, Cil'in vibra- 
 to' ria, (F.) Cils vibratils, which are visible with- 
 the microscope in many animals. These oro-ans 
 are found on parts of the body which are habit- 
 ually in contact with water, or other more or les.s 
 fluid matters, and produce motion in these fluids, 
 impelling them along the surface of the parts. 
 Cilia have been found to exist in all vertebrated 
 animals except fishes, having been discovered on 
 the respiratory, uterine, and other membranes 
 of mammalia, birds, and reptiles. 
 
 The terms '^vibratory motion" and '^ciliary 
 motion" have been used to express the pheno- 
 mena exhibited by the moving cilia; and it is pro- 
 bable, that this motion is concerned in the pro- 
 gression of fluids along the membranes. As yet, 
 the motion has only been observed in the direc- 
 tion of the outlets of canals. 
 
 CILIA IRE, Ciliary. 
 
 CIL'IARY, Cilia'ris, (F.) Ciliaire. Relating 
 to the eyelashes, or to cilia. This epithet has" 
 also, been applied to diS'erent parts, which enter 
 into the structure of the ej'e; from the resem- 
 blance between some of them {the ciliary pro- 
 cesses) and the eyelashes. 
 
 Ciliary Ar'teries, Arte' ria cilia'res, (V.) Ar- 
 teres ciliaires. These are furnished by the oph- 
 thalmic artery. They are distinguished into, 1. 
 Short or posterior [Art. uveales — Chauss.) ."0 or 
 40 in number, which are distributed to the ciliary 
 processes. 2. Long, (Art. Iriennes of Cbauss.,) 
 two in number, which, by the anastomoses of 
 their branches, form two arterial circles at the 
 anterior surface of the iris: and, 3. The anterior 
 Arte'ricB cilia'res anterio'res of Haller, the num- 
 ber of which is variable. These pierce the scle- 
 rotic a few lines from its union with the cornea- 
 and are principally distributed to' the iris. 
 
 Ciliary Body, Corpus CHia're, Nexus S/amiit'- 
 ens Oc'nii, Coro'na Cilia'ris, Ciliary Disc, (F.) 
 Corps ciliaire. A ring of the choroid surround- 
 ing the crystalline in the manner of a crown ; 
 placed behind the iris and the ciliary circle. It 
 resembles the disk of a radiated flower, and is 
 formed by the union of the ciliary processes. 
 See Ciliary Muscle. 
 
 Ciliary Canal, Canal of Fonfa'na. A small, 
 extremely narrow circular space, formed between 
 the ciliary circle, the cornea, and the sclerotica. 
 It can be filled with injection, and it is not cer- 
 tain that it is not the cavity of a blood-vessel. 
 
 Ciliary Circle, Ciliary ligament — c. Disc 
 Ciliary body— c. Ganglion, Ophthalmic gan£,-lion! 
 Ciliary Lig'ament, C. Circle or Ring, \ig<i. 
 men'tnm seu Instertit"iurn cilia're seu I'ridis 
 Plexus cilia'ris, An'nnlus seu Cir'culus sen Qr- 
 bic'uhis cilia'ris, A. cellnlo'sns, Coni'niiss-jire of 
 
 the Uvea, (F.) Commissure de la Choro'ide ''Ch.), 
 
 Ligament ou Cercle ciliaire, Cercle de la'' Cho- 
 roule, Ceinture blanche de la Choro'ide. A species 
 of greyish ring, of a pulpy consistence, situate 
 between the choroid, iris, and sclerotica. The 
 internal surface of the choroid is uniform, until 
 it approaches within ten lines and a half of the 
 edge of the cornea; here a dentated line is ob- 
 
CILIATED 
 
 20G 
 
 CINCHONA 
 
 served, termed ora serra'ta. The onter surface 
 presents the an'ntdus al'bidu« seu gangUform'is, 
 the anterior edge of which unites to the inner 
 surface of the sclerotica and constitutes the cili- 
 ary ligament. 
 
 Cil'iary or Tarsal Margin of the eyelids; 
 (F.) Bord ciliaire. The edge in which the cilia 
 or eyelashes are situate. 
 Ciliary Motion, see Cilia. 
 Ciliary Muscle, Mm'culns ciUa'ris. The 
 part of the orbicularis palpebrarum in the vici- 
 nity of the ciliary margin. Also, the greyish, 
 semi-transparent structure behind the ciliary 
 ligament and covering the outside of the ciliary 
 body. By its contraction the ciliary processes, 
 and with them the lens, must be drawn towards 
 the cornea. It appears to be the same muscle as 
 the Tensor choroidem, P ro' trahens lentis, or cho- 
 roid muscle of some anatomists. 
 
 Ciliary Nerves {Nerfs Iriens, — Chauss.), (F.) 
 Nerfs ciliaires. These are 12 to 16 in number. 
 They arise from the nasal nerve, and particu- 
 larly from the anterior part of the ophthalmic 
 ganglion ; and unite in two fasciculi, which pass 
 around the optic nerve, and pierce the sclerotica 
 near the entrance of that nerve into the eye. 
 They are lost in the ciliary ligament. 
 Ciliary Plexus, C. Ligament. 
 Ciliary Proc"esses, Proees'sns sen Rad'ii 
 seu Strim cilia' res, (F.) Proces ciliaires, Rayons 
 sous-iriens — (Ch.). Triangular folds, sixty or 
 eighty in number, placed at the side of each other, 
 and radiating, so as to resemble the disk of a 
 radiated flower. They are lodged in depressions 
 at the anterior part of the vitreous humour. The 
 uses of these processes are not known. 
 Ciliary Ring, Ciliary ligaments 
 Ciliary Stri^ are numerous pale, radiated 
 striffi in the posterior portion of the Corpus cili- 
 are, but so covered by the Pigmentum nigrum as 
 not to be distinctly seen till the paint is removed. 
 The ciliary processes are formed by these striae. 
 
 Ciliary Veins, (F.) Veines ciliaires, follow 
 nearly the same course as the arteries. In the 
 choroid they are so tortuous, that they have re- 
 ceived the name Vasa vortico'ea. They open into 
 the ophthalmic vein. 
 
 Ciliary Zone, Zona seu Zo'nida seu Lam'ina 
 CiUa'ris, Memhran' nla Coro'ixB CiUa'ris. Under 
 the corpus ciliare, the capsule of the vitreous 
 humour sends off an external lamina, which ac- 
 companies the retina, and is inserted, with it, 
 into the forepart of the capsule of the lens, a 
 little before its anterior edge. This is the Zonula 
 eiliaris, Zonula Zin'nii or Zonula of Zinn, Co- 
 ro'na CiUa'ris, Orbia'ulus CiUa'ris. It is of a 
 striated appearance and circular form, and assists 
 in fixing the lens to the vitreous humour. 
 
 CIL'IATED, Cilia'tus, (F.) Cilie, from cilia. 
 Provided with cilia — as "ciliated epithelium," 
 the epithelium to which vibratory cilia are at- 
 tached. 
 
 CILIUM, see Cilia. 
 CILLEMENT, Nictation. 
 
 CILLO. A name given by some authors to 
 those whose upper eyelid is perpetually tremu- 
 lous ; — a trembling, which in some cases is called 
 Life's Mood. " To have life's blood in the eye," 
 in other words, is to have this affection. Vogel 
 calls it Cillo'sis. 
 CILLOSIS, Cillo. 
 GILS, Cilia — c. Vibratils, see Cilia. 
 CIMEX, C. leciula'rius, Acan'thia lectula'ria, 
 Koris, (copif. The Bug ; Wall, House or Bed Bug 
 or Chinche. (F.) Punaise. Six or seven of these, 
 given internally, are said to have prevented ague! 
 There is scarcely anything which is sufiBciently 
 disgusting, that has not been exhibited for this 
 
 purpose, and with more or less success. The bug 
 has also been esteemed emmenagogue. 
 
 CIMICIFUGA, Actsea racemosa. 
 
 CIMO'LIA PURPURES'CENS, Terra Sapo- 
 na'ria seu FuUon'ica, Fuller's Earth. A com- 
 pact bolar earth, employed in the arts. Used at 
 times as a cooling application to inflamed nip- 
 ples, <fec. 
 
 Cimo'lia Terra, Cimo'lia alba, Cimo'lus, Smec- 
 tis, Smectris; from K«/<wXoj, an island in the Cre- 
 tan Sea, where it is procured. It was formerly 
 used as an astringent, <fcc.- — Scribonius Largus, 
 Pliny. Probably, the same as the last. 
 
 CINA CINA, Cinchona — c. Levantica, Arte- 
 misia Santonica. 
 
 CINABARIS, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru- 
 brum. 
 
 CINABARIUM, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru- 
 brum. 
 
 CIN'ABRA, Grasus. The smell of a he-goat. 
 A rank smell, like that of the armpit, Hircus 
 ala'rtim. 
 
 CINABRE, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrura. 
 
 CIN^DIA, Masturbation. 
 
 CINARA HORTENSIS, Cynara scolymus— c. 
 Scolymus, Cynara scolymus. 
 
 CINCHO'NA. So called from the Spanish 
 Viceroy's lady, the Countess de Cinehon, who 
 was cured of fever by it at Lima, about 1638. 
 Called also Cortex seu Pulois Jesuit' icus, Jesniia 
 Bark or Poicder, Cortex Patrum, because it was 
 introduced into Europe by the Jesuits; also Pul- 
 vis Comitis'scB or the Countess's Powder, and Car- 
 dinal del Lugo's Powder, Cortex Cardina'lis de 
 Lugo, because he introduced it at Rome ; and in 
 France, Talbor's Powder and English remedy, 
 because successfully used there by Sir Robert 
 Talbor, who kept it a secret. It is the pharma- 
 copoeial name of several kinds of barks from 
 various species of Cinchona, from the western 
 coast of South America. Order, Cinchonaceae. 
 Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogj'nia. Called, also, 
 Cortex, Bark, Peruvian Bark, Cortex Chinee seu 
 China, Chinchi'na, Paloa de Calentura, Kina 
 Kina, (Bark of Barks,) Kinki' na, Cina Cina, 
 Quina Quina, Quinqui'na, Magnum Dei donum, 
 (F.) Quinquina ; and in Peru Cascara and Cas- 
 carilln. See Cascara. 
 
 Cinchona Amygdalifolia, see Cinchonas cor- 
 difolife cortex — c. Boliviana, see Cinchona cor- 
 difoliae cortex — c. Calisaya, see Cinchonaj cordi- 
 folife cortex — c. Micrantha, see Cinchonae cordi- 
 foliffi cortex — c. Ofiicinalis (Cortex Flavus), Cin- 
 chonae cordifoliae cortex — c. Pallida, Cinchonae 
 lancifoliiB cortex — c. Ovata, see Cinchonse cordi- 
 foliae cortex — c. Pitaya, Pitaya bark — c. Pubes- 
 cens, see Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex — c. Scro- 
 bicula, see Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex — c. of Vir- 
 ginia, Magnolia glauca. 
 
 Cincho'n^ Carib^e'^ Cortex, from Exos- 
 tem'ma Carihm' um, Cariba'an or Saint Lucia 
 Bark, (F.) Ecorce de Saint Lucie, Quinquina 
 Piton, from Exoste'ma floribund'nm ; and the 
 Pitaya Bark, Quinquina bi'color, from an exos- 
 tema [?] or from strychnos pseudoquina [?], are 
 useful substitutes for the cinchona of Peru. These 
 are the most important spurious barks. They 
 contain neither quinia nor cinchonia. 
 
 Cinchona Cordifo'lijE Cortex, Cortex flavwt, 
 Cinchonm officina' lis cortex flavus, China re'gia 
 seu Calisay'a, Cortex Chinee re'gius seu Jlavua 
 seu lu'teug, Yellow Royal or Calisay'a Bark, 
 (¥.) Quinquina jaune ou jaune royal, Calasaya. 
 Odour aromatic; taste strong, bitter, astringent. 
 Not rolled; often without the epidermis, which 
 is very thick and inert ; light, friable ; fracture 
 fibrous. Active principle Quinia. The false or 
 spurious Calisaya barks are those of Cinchona 
 
CINCHONIA 
 
 207 
 
 CINNAMON 
 
 Callsaya, variety JosepJiiana ; C. Boliviana, C. 
 ovata, variety rufinervis, called, in Peru, Caa- 
 carilla Carahaya — the Carahaya hark of com- 
 merce ; — of C. scrohiculata, two varieties, Ciisco 
 lark and BarJc of St. Ann; of 0. pubescens, which 
 furnishes the Cusco or Arica bark; of C. micran- 
 tha and of C. amygdalifolia. 
 
 Cinchona Lancifo'li^e Cortex, Cortex Peru- 
 via'nus seu ^j«Z7i'rf»s, Cinchona officina'Us cortex 
 comniu'nis, Cinchona pallida, Pale, Loxa or 
 Crown Bark, (F.) Quinquina gria de Loxa, Quin- 
 quina Orange. Its odour is aromatic; taste 
 pleasant, bitter, and astringent. The pieces are 
 rolled in double or single quills. Epidermis 
 brown, cracked; fracture resinous. Internally 
 of a cinnamon colour. Its active principle is 
 Cinchonia. 
 
 CiNCHOx^ Oblongifo'lIvE Cortex, Cortex 
 ruber. Cinchonas officina'Us cortex ruber. Red 
 Bark, (F.) Quinquina rouge, (Sp.) Cascarilla roxa 
 and C. Colorado, of S. America. Odour and taste 
 the same as the pale, but more intense: in large 
 flat pieces, solid, heavy, dry ; fracture short and 
 smooth ; of a deep brownish-red colour. Al- 
 though this variety of bark is assigned to the 
 Cinchona oblongifolia by some, it would seem, 
 that nothing is certainly known as to its source. 
 Active principles, Cinchonia and Quinia. 
 
 The last three are the only oflBcinal varieties 
 in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. There 
 are many other varieties, however, which are 
 genuine cinchona barks, and yet have not been 
 considered worthy of an officinal position. The 
 Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia admits, indeed. Cin- 
 chona cinerea. Grey hark. Silver hark or Huanuco 
 or Lima bark, which is obtained around Huanuco 
 in Peru, and, with the Jaen or Ash bark and the 
 Huaniilies bark, belongs to the class of pale or 
 Loxa barks. Amongst the genuine but inferior 
 barks are those brought from the northern Atlan- 
 tic ports of South America, which, in commerce, 
 are variously called Pitaya, Bogota, Carthagena, 
 Maracayho, and Santa Martha barks. The Bo- 
 gota is also called Fusa gasuga and Coquetla 
 burk. 
 
 All these barks are bitter, astringent, tonic, 
 and eminently febrifuge. The yellow bark has 
 been thought equal to any of the others, but the 
 red contains more active principle. The discovery 
 of their active principles is one of the most im- 
 portant gifts of modern chymistry. Still, in per- 
 nicious intermittents, the bark, in substance, is 
 often demanded. It is employed in every disease 
 in which there is deficient tone; but in cases 
 where the stomach is much debilitated, the pow- 
 der had better be avoided, in consequence of the 
 woody fibre, which might disagree. Externally, 
 it is used in enemata, gargles, &c., and in gan- 
 grenous ulcerations. When it excites nausea, an 
 aromatic may be added to it; if purging, opium; 
 if costiveness, rhubarb, &c. Dose, ^ss to ^j or 
 more. 
 
 Essential Salt of Bark, as it is called, is 
 an extract, prepared by macerating the bruised 
 substance of bark in cold water, and submitting 
 the infusion to a very slow evaporation. 
 
 CINCHONIA, Cinchonine — c. Tannate of, 
 QuinisE et cinchoniae tannas. 
 
 CINCHON'ICINE, Cinchonici'na, anchomc"ia. 
 When a salt of cinchonia is exposed to heat, with 
 certain precautions, the alkaloid is changed into 
 another, isomeric with itself, to which this name 
 has been given. Cinchonieine, and its sulphate, 
 possess the same medical properties as cinchonia 
 and its salts. Dose, gr. v. to gr. xv. 
 
 CINCH'ONINE, Cinchoni'na, Cinch'onin, Cin- 
 
 cho'nia. The active principle of Cincho'na lan- 
 
 cifo'Ua. An organic, crystalline alkali ; of a 
 
 • white colour, and bitter, slightly astringent taste; 
 
 very soluble in alcohol and ether, but almost in 
 soluble in water. 
 
 Sulphate of Cinchonia, which is formed directly 
 from cinchonia, is soluble in water and alcohol. 
 The action of the sulphate of cinchonia is similar 
 to that of the sulphate of quinia; but it is less 
 energetic, and consequently requires to be given 
 in a larger dose. 
 
 Cinchonine, Tartrate of, see Quinine, tar- 
 trate of. 
 
 CINCHONISM, Quininism. 
 
 CINCHOTIN, Quinidia. 
 
 CINCIN'NULUS. A little lock or curl of hair. 
 
 CINCIN'NUS. A curled or frizzled lock. The 
 hair on the temples. 
 
 CINC'LICIS, Cinclis'mua, 'agitation; rapid 
 and frequent motion.' The movement of the 
 thorax in dyspnoea. — Hippocrates. It has been 
 used, also, synonymously with nictation. 
 
 CINCLISMUS, Cinclisis. 
 
 CINEFACTIO, Incineration. 
 
 C I N E'M A, Cine' 818, from Kivtw, ' I move.' 
 Motion. 
 
 CINERAEIA MARITIMA, Achoavon, Abiat- 
 
 CINERATION, Incineration. 
 
 CINERES CLAVELLATI, see Potash — e. 
 Gravellati, see Potash — c. Russici, Potash of 
 commerce. 
 
 CINEREUS, Cineritious. 
 
 C I N E R I T"I U S, Ciner'ens, from civeres, 
 'ashes;' (F.) Cendre. Of the colour of ashes. 
 The cortical substance of the brain, and the vesi- 
 cular neurine in general, have been so called. 
 See Cortex Cerebri, and Neurine. 
 
 CINESIPATHY, Kinesipathy. 
 
 CINESIS, Cinema, Motion. 
 
 CINETH'MICS, from Kivtoi, 'I move.' The 
 science of movements in general. 
 
 CINETIC, Motory. 
 
 CINET'ICA. Same etymon. Diseases affect- 
 ing the muscles, and characterized by irregular 
 action of the muscles or muscular fibres, commonly 
 denominated Spasm. The 3d order in the class 
 Neurotica of Good. Also, agents that afi'ect the 
 voluntary or involuntary motions. — Pereira. 
 
 CINETUS, Diaphragm. 
 
 CINGULARIA, Lycopodium. 
 
 CIN'GULUM, Zone, from cingo, '1 bind.' (F.) 
 Ceinture. A cincture. A girdle. The part of 
 the body, situate below the ribs, to which the 
 girdle is applied. The waist. Herpes zoster. 
 
 Cin'gulum Hilda'ni, Zo'nula Hilda'ni, (F.) 
 Ceinture de Hildane. A leathern girdle formerly 
 used for the reduction of luxations and fractures 
 of the extremities. 
 
 Cin'gulcm Mercuria'le, C. Sapien'tice sen 
 Stultit"ia;. A woollen girdle, containing mercu- 
 rial ointment. It was used as an antisyphilitic, 
 and in diseases of the skin. (F.) Ceinture de vif 
 argent. 
 
 CiNGULUM Sancti Joannis, Artemisia vulgaris. 
 
 CININ, Santonine. 
 
 CINIS F^CUM, see Potash — c. Infectorius, 
 see Potash. 
 
 CINNABAR, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru- 
 brum — c. Grseeorum, see Calamus rotang. 
 
 CINNABRE, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru- 
 brum. 
 
 CINNAMOMUM, Laurus cinnamomum — c. 
 Album, Canella Alba — c. Aromaticum, see Laurus 
 cinnamomum — c. Culilawan, Laurus Culilr.wan — 
 c. Indicum, Laurus cassia — c. Magellanicum, 
 Wintera aromatica — -c. Malabaricum, Laurus cas- 
 sia — c. Sylvestre Americanum, Nectandra ein- 
 namomoides — c. Zeylanicum, Laurus cinna^ 
 momum. 
 
 CINNAMON, see Laurus cinnamomum — c. 
 Malabar, Laurus cassia — c. Wild, Laurus cassia. 
 
CINOXOSI 
 
 20 8 
 
 CIRCUMFLEX 
 
 CINON'OSI. from kivco), 'I move,' and voaos, 
 'a disease.' Diseases of motion. 
 
 CINOPER, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum. 
 CINOPLANE'SIS, from kivew, 'I move,' and 
 rXavT/CTis, 'a wandering about.' Irregularity of 
 motion. 
 
 CINQUEFOIL, Potentilla reptans — c. Marsh, 
 Comarum palustre — c. Norway, Potentilla Nor- 
 Tegica. 
 
 CINZILLA, Herpes zoster. 
 CION, Uvula. 
 
 CI'ONIS. The U'vula. Also, tumefaction, or 
 elongation of the uvula; Staphylodial'ysis. 
 
 CIONI'TIS, from kiovi^, 'the uvula,' and itis, 
 'inflammation.' Inflammation of the uvula, 
 Uvuli'tis. 
 
 CIONORRHAPHIA, Staphyloraphy. 
 CIONOTOME, from Kiuiv, 'the uvula,' and 
 TOjirj, 'incision.' Curved scissors for cutting off 
 the uvula. 
 
 CIONOT'OMT, Cionotom'ia, from kiuiv, 'the 
 uvula,' and rofin, ' incision.' Excision of the ', 
 uvula when too long. 
 
 CIPIPA, see Jatropha manihot. 
 CIRCjEA, Atropa mandragora, Ciresea Lute- 
 tian a. 
 
 CirCvE'a Lutetia'nA, Crrcw'a, Paris'ian Cir- 
 ca'a, from Circe, the Enchantress ; Enchant' ers' 
 Nightshade, (F.) Herhe de Saint Etienne ou 
 uux Sorciers. This pla-nt, common in the vicinity 
 of Paris, was formerly considered to be resolvent 
 and vulnerary. It was also supposed to possess 
 wonderful magical and enchanting properties. 
 CIRCINUS, Herpes zoster. 
 CIRCLE, Circulus— c. Ciliary, Ciliary liga- 
 ment — c. of Willis, see Circulus. 
 CIRCOCELE, Circosele. 
 cm CONCISION, Circumcision. 
 CIRCONFLEXE, Cireumflexus. 
 GIECONSCRIT, Circumscribed. 
 CIRCONVOLUTION, Convolution. 
 CIRCUIT, Circu'ittis; in pathological lan- 
 guage, generally means 'period,' course.' 
 CIRCUITUS, Period, Circuit. 
 CIR'CULAR, Circula'ris, from circulus, 'a 
 circle.' (F.) Cii-culaire. Having the form of 
 a circular; as Circular Amputation, &c. 
 
 The French use the expression " Une cireu- 
 laire," for a turn of a bandage around any part. 
 Circular Sinds of Ridley, Sinus coronarius. 
 CIRCULA'TION, Circuln'tio, Cyclophor'ia, 
 Cyclo'sis, Periodus san' yuinis, from circulus, ' a 
 circle;' or rather, from circnm., ' around,' andyer?-e, 
 hitnm, 'to carry.' (F.) Circxdation. Physiolo- 
 gists give this n!ime to the motion of the blood 
 through the different vessels of the body — sanc/ui- 
 motioH ; — to that function, by which the blood, 
 setting out from the left ventricle of the heart, is 
 distributed to every part of the body by the ar- 
 teries; — proceeds into the veins, returns to the 
 heart, enters the right auricle, and passes into the 
 corresponding ventricle, which sends it into the 
 pulmonary artery to be distributed to the lungs, 
 ■whence it issues by the pulmonary veins, and 
 passes into the left auricle. From this it is sent 
 into the left ventricle, and is again distributed by 
 means of the arteries. 
 
 Circula'tion, Cap'illart, C. des Parenchymes, 
 is that which takes place in the capillary vessels; 
 and is. in some measure, independent of the ac- 
 tion of the heart. See Capillary Vessels. 
 
 CiRCULATioy. PuLMox'ic or LESSER, is the cir- 
 cle from the right to the left side of the heart by 
 the lungs. — The greater or systemat'ic or 
 system'ic, is that throush the rest of the svstem. 
 CIRCULATOIRE, Circulatory. 
 CIRCULATOR, Charlatan. 
 CIR'CULATORY, Circulafo'rius, (F.) Circula- 
 
 tnire ; same etymon as circulation. Relating to 
 the circulation of the blood; — sanguimo'tory. 
 
 CIR'CULUS. A circle or ring; Cyelus,^ Ci'- 
 rios, (F.) Cercle. Any part of the body which is 
 round or annular, as Cir'cnlus Oc'uli — the globe, 
 bulb, or orb of the eye. — Hippocr., Galen. It is, 
 also, applied to objects, which by no means form 
 a circle, — as to the Circle of Willis, Cir'culua 
 arterio'sus Willis'ii, (F.) Hexagone arterielle, 
 which is an anastomotic circle at the base of the 
 brain, formed by the anterior and the posterior 
 cerebral arteries and the communicating arteries 
 of Willis. 
 
 Circulus Arterio'sus I'ridis. The artery 
 which runs round the iris, and forms a circle. 
 
 Circulus Arteriosus Willisii, Circle of Wil- 
 lis, see Circulus — c. Ciliaris, Ciliary ligament — 
 c. Membranous, Hymen. 
 
 Cir'cdlus Callo'sus Halleri. Tendo cordis 
 veno'sus. The fibro-cartilaginous rings, around 
 the auriculo-ventricular openings of the heart, 
 to which the tricuspid and mitral valves are at- 
 tached. 
 
 Circulus Quad'ruplex; a kind of bandage 
 used by the ancients. 
 
 Circulus To.nsilla'ris. A plexus formed by 
 the tonsillitic branches of the glosso-pharj'ngeal 
 nerve around the base of the tonsil. 
 
 Circulus Veno'sus, Figu'ra veno'sa, Venn seu 
 Sinus termina'lis. The venous circle in the em- 
 bryo, which bounds the Area Vasculosa or Vuacii- 
 lar Area. 
 
 Cir'culus Veno'sus Are'ol^. The venous 
 circle, formed by the union of the veins around 
 the nipple. It embraces, however, only two-thirds 
 of the circuit. 
 
 CIRCUMAGENTES, Oblique muscles of the 
 eye. 
 
 CIRCUMCAULALIS MEMBRANA, Con- 
 junctiva. 
 
 CIRCUMCISIO, Circumcision — c. Foemina- 
 rum, see Circumcision. 
 
 CIRCUMCIS'ION, Cimimcis'io, Posthet'omy, 
 PrcBcis'io seu Abseis'io Prmpu'tii, Circumcisu'rn, 
 Circumsec'tio, Perit'ome, from circnm, ' around,' 
 and ccFdere, ' to cnt.' (F.) Circoncision. An an- 
 cient operation, performed by some nations as a 
 religious ceremony. It consists in removing cir- 
 cularly a portion of the prepuce of infants; — a 
 custom, which was probably suggested with a 
 view to cleanliness. In cases of extraordinary 
 length of prepuce, or when affected with disease, 
 the operation is sometimes undertaken by sur- 
 geons. A similar operation is performed, amongst 
 the Egyptians, Arabians, and Persians, on tie 
 female, Circumcis' io foemina' rum, by removing a 
 portion of the nymphae, and at times the clitoris. 
 CIRCUMCISURA, Circumcision. 
 CIRCUMDUCTIO, Perisphalsis. 
 CIRCUMDUCTIONIS OPIFEX, Obliquus 
 superior oculi. 
 
 CIRCUMFLEX, Circumjlex'iis, from circum, 
 'around,' and fiexus, 'bent.' (F.) Circonflexe. 
 Curved circularly. A name given to several 
 organs. 
 
 Circumflex or Artic'ular Ar'teries of the 
 arm are distinguished into anterior and joos/f- 
 rior. They arise from the axillary, and are dis- 
 tributed around the shoulder. 
 
 Circumflex Arteries of the Thigh are dis- 
 tinguished into external and internal. — A. Souk- 
 trochanteriennes — Ch. They are given off from 
 the Profunda, and surround the head of the thigh 
 bone. 
 
 Circumflex Muscle, Cireumflexns Mus'culun, 
 C. Pala'tiilollis, Tensor Pala'ti, Peristaphyli'nns 
 exter'nus seu inferior, Spheno-salpingo-staphyl i' - 
 nits seu Stnphyli'nus exter'nus, Mus'culus tubes 
 nova, Pala'to-salpingeus, Pter'ygo-stap>hyli'nus, 
 
CIKCUMFORANEOUS 
 
 209 
 
 CITREOLUS 
 
 Petro-salpin' go-staphyW nus, Spheno-pter'ygo-pn- 
 lati'nus, Saljpingo-staphyli'nus, (F.) Palato-sal- 
 pingien. A muscle, which arises from the spi- 
 nous process of the sphenoid bone, and is in- 
 serted into the velum pendulum palati. Its use is 
 to stretch the velum. 
 
 Circumflex Nerve, Axillary Nerve. 
 
 Circumflex Veins follow the arteries. 
 
 CIKCUMFORANEOUS, Charlatan. 
 
 CIRCUMFU'SA. Halle has thus designated 
 the first class of subjects that belong to Hygiene 
 — as atmosphere, climate, residence, &c. ; in 
 short, every thing which acts constantly on man 
 externally and internally. 
 
 CIRCUMGYRATIO, Vertigo. 
 
 CIRCUMLIGATURA, Paraphimosis. 
 
 CIRCUMLIT"IO, from circumlino, '1 anoint 
 all over.' Perich'risis, Perichrrs'ton. A term 
 formerly used for liniments, but especially for 
 those applied to the eyelids. 
 
 CIRCUMOSSALE, Periosteum. 
 
 CIR'CUMSCRIBED, Cireumserip'tua, (F.) Cir- 
 conscrit. A term applied, in pathology, to tu- 
 mours, which are distinct at their base from the 
 surrounding parts. 
 
 CIRCUMSECTIO, Circumcision. 
 
 CIRCUMVALLAT^ PAPILLA, see Papillfe 
 of the Tongue. 
 
 CIRE, Cera. 
 
 CIRE JAUNE ET BLANCHE, Cera flava 
 et alba — c. des Oreillea, Cerumen. 
 
 CIRIOS, Circulus. 
 
 GIRON, Aoarus, Psora. 
 
 CIRRHAGRA, Plica— c. Polonorum, Plica. 
 
 CIRRHON'OSUS; from Kippo^, 'yellow,' and 
 vocrof, ' disease.' A disease of the foetus, in which 
 there is a yellow coloration of the serous mem- 
 branes. — Siebenhaar. 
 
 CIRRHOSE, Cirrhosis— c. du Foie, Cirrhosis. 
 
 CIRRHO'SIS, Kirrho'sis, Cirrlwno'sis, Kir- 
 rJiono'sis, (F.) Cirrhose, from Kippog, 'yellow.' A 
 yellow colouring matter, sometimes secreted in 
 the tissues, owing to a morbid process. Also, 
 called Cirrho'sis or Kirrho'sis. 
 
 Cirrho'sis Hep'atis, see Hepatatrophia. 
 Gran'tdated, gran'tdar, mam'miUated, tuher'cu- 
 lated, and hoh-nailed liver, (F.) Girrhose du Foie. 
 It appears to be dependent upon repletion of the 
 terminal extremities of the biliary ducts with 
 bile, along with atrophy of the intervening pa- 
 renchyma. Hence the liver is smaller in size, or 
 atrophied. 
 
 Cirrhosis Hepatis, see Cirrhosis. 
 
 Cirrhosis of the Lung, Girrho'sin pulmo'num. 
 Dr. Corrigan has described a condition of the 
 lung under this name, the general character of 
 •which he considers to be a tendency to consoli- 
 dation or contraction of the pulmonary tissue, 
 with dilatation of the bronchial tubes. 
 
 Cirrhosis Pulmonum, C. of the Lung. 
 
 CIRRHOT'IC, Cirrhot'icus. Same etymon as 
 cirrhosis. Affected with, or having the character 
 of cirrhosis. 
 
 CIR'SIUM ARVEN'SE, Gar'duus hemorrho- 
 'ida'lis, Ceano'thos, (F.) Gkardon hemorrhoidal. 
 A commfin plant, used in France, in the form of 
 cataplasm in hemorrhoids; and worn as an 
 amulet. 
 
 CiRSiDM Macolatum, Carduus marianus. 
 
 CIRSOCE'LE, Gircoee'le, Cirsos'chettm, from 
 Ktpaos, ' varix,' and KriXr], ' hernia ;' Var'icose Her'- 
 nia. The greater part of authors have employed 
 the term synonymously with Varicocele. Pott 
 gives it a different signification. Varicocele, he 
 calls the tumour formed by the veins of the scro- 
 tum ; Gircocele, Funic'uhis varico'sus, the vari- 
 cose dilatation of the spermatic veins. The scro- 
 tum feels as if it contained earthworms. It is 
 14 
 
 commonly an affection of no consequence, de- 
 manding merely the use of a suspensory bandage. 
 
 CIRSOI'DES, Girso'des, from Kipaog, ' varix,' 
 and tiSos, 'resemblance.' Varicose, or resembling 
 a varix. Rufus of Ephesus, according to James, 
 applies this term to the upper part of the brain, 
 as well as to the spermatic vessels. 
 
 CIRSOM'PHALUS, from Kipcos, 'vari.x,' and 
 oix(j>aXos, 'navel.' Varicose dilatation of the veins 
 surrounding the navel. The term has, likewise, 
 been applied to the aneurismal dilatation of the 
 arteries of that region ; called also, Varicomph'- 
 alus, (F.)Hargne anevrynmcde, Aneurismal Hernia. 
 
 CIRSOPHTHAL'MIA, Cirsophthal'mvs, Te- 
 langiecta'sia oculi, from Kipaog, 'varix,' and o0- 
 ^aXfioi, ' the eye ;' Var'icose ophthnl'mia, Oph- 
 thalmia varico'sa, Varicos'itas eonjuncti'vae. A 
 high degree of ophthalmia, in which the vessels 
 of the conjunctiva are considerably injected. 
 
 CIRSOSCHEUM, Cirsocele. 
 
 CIRSOT'OMY, Cirsotom'ia, from Ktpaos, 'va- 
 rix,' and TopLT], 'an incision.' Any operation for 
 the removal of varices by incision. 
 
 CIRSUS, Varix. 
 
 CIRSYDROSCHEOCE'LE, from Kipcog, 'va- 
 rix,' 'vitiip, 'water,' oa)(^tov, the 'scrotum.' Vari- 
 cocele with water in the scrotum. 
 
 GISEAU {¥.), Forfex. An instrument, com- 
 posed of a flattened rod of metal, sharpened at 
 one extremity, and used in anatomical prepara- 
 tions, and in certain surgical operations, for di- 
 viding bones. 
 
 GFSEAUX, Scissors. 
 
 CISSA, Malacia. 
 
 CISSAM'PELOS CAPEN'SIS, Nat. Ord. Me- 
 nispermace*, grows in almost every mountainous 
 part of the Cape of Good Hope. The root is used 
 as an emetic and cathartic by the Boers. 
 
 Cissampelos Glaberrima, see Pareira brara 
 — c. Pareira, Pareira brava. 
 
 CISSARUS, Cistus Creticus. 
 
 CISSI'NUM, from Kiaaog, 'ivy.' Name of a 
 plaster of ivy, used in wounds of the nerves or 
 tendons.- — Paulus ol JEgina. 
 
 CISSOIDES, Capreolaris. 
 
 CISSOS, Hedera helix. 
 
 CISTERN, LUMBAR, Receptaculum chyli. 
 
 CISTER'NA, from kict>i, (L.) Gista, 'a chest.' 
 (F.) Giterne. This term has been applied to va- 
 rious parts of the body, which serve as reservoirs 
 for different fluids. The fourth ventricle of the 
 brain has been so called. — Arantius. 
 
 CisTERNA Chyli, Receptaculum chyli. 
 
 CISTHORUS, Cistus Creticus. 
 
 CISTOCELE, Cystocele. 
 
 CISTUS CANADENSIS, Helianthemum Ca- 
 nadensis. 
 
 Cistus Cre'ticus, C. salvifo'lius seu tau'ricus, 
 Gis'thorus, Gis'sarus, Porycin'ium, Gum Gistus. 
 Ord. Cystinese; Sex. Syst. Polyandria Mono- 
 gynia. The systematic name of the plant whence 
 the Lahda'num, Labda'men or Lada'num, Giim'mi 
 Lahda'num, is obtained. Lada'num is a gum- 
 resinous substance, of a very agreeable smell, 
 found in the shops in great masses. Its colour is 
 blaekish-green ,■ taste, warm and bitter. It is 
 but little used now. Formerly, it was a compo- 
 nent of warm plasters, and was prescribed inter- 
 nally as a stomachic. Ladanum is also obtained 
 from Gistus ladanif'ervs, and G. laurifo'lius. 
 
 Cistus, Gum, Cistus Creticus — c. Salvifolius, 
 C. Creticus — c. Tauricus, C. Creticus. 
 
 GITERNE L03IBAIRE,neceBUcuhim chyli. 
 
 CITHARUS, Thorax. 
 
 CITRAGO, Melissa. 
 
 CITRARIA, Melissa. 
 
 CITRAS CHINICUS, Quinise citras. 
 
 CITREA MALUS, see Citrus medica. 
 
 CITREOLUS, Cucumis sativus. 
 
CITRIC ACID 
 
 210 
 
 CLAP 
 
 CIT'RIC ACID, Ac"idim cit'ricum, Ac"idum j 
 Limo'nis, Acid of Lemons, Ac"idum Limo'niim, j 
 (F.) Acide citrique. This acid is found in the j 
 lemon, orange, &g. It is in rhomboidal prisms, 
 -which slightly effloresce on exposure to the air. 
 It dissolves in a twelfth part of its weight in 
 boiling water, and has an extremely acid but 
 agreeable taste. It is employed in medicine as 
 antiseptic, refrigerant and diuretic. Rubbed up 
 with sugar and with a little of the essence of 
 lemon, it forms the dri/ Lemonade, (F.) Limonade 
 geche. 
 
 CITRINE OINTMENT, Unguentum hydrar- 
 gyri nitratis. 
 
 CITRON, see Citrus medica— e. Tree, see Ci- 
 trus medica. 
 
 GITRONELLE, Artemisia abrotanum, Me- 
 lissa. 
 
 CITRONNADE, Lemonade. 
 CITROVILLE, Cucurbita. 
 CITRUL, SICILIAN, Cucurbita citruUus. 
 CITRULLUS, Cucurbita citruUus. 
 CiTRULLUS Aiia'rus. An African plant, Ord. 
 Cucurbitacea3, called by the Boers Bitterappel or 
 Wild Watermelon, the pulp of which, like that 
 of colocynth, is a drastic cathartic. 
 
 CiTRDLtus CoLOCYNTHis, Cucumis colocynthis. 
 CITRUS, see Citrus medica — c. Acida, see 
 Lime. 
 
 Citrus Auran'tium. The systematic name of 
 the Orange Tree, Auran'tium, A. Hispalen'se, 
 Mains Auran'tia, Malus Auran'tia major seu vul- 
 ga'ris, Auran'tium vulga're, Ci'tru^ vidga'ris. 
 Ord. Aurantiaceag. Sex. Syst. Polyadelphia Ico- 
 sandria. The fruit are called 3Iala Au'rea, Chry- 
 some'lia, Neran'tia, Martia'na Poma, Poma Au- 
 ran'tia seu Chinen'sia, Auran'tia Ctcraesav'ica, 
 Oranges. The Flowers of the Orange, Flores 
 NaphcB, are highly odoriferous, and used as a 
 perfume. On distillation, they yield a small 
 quantity of essential oil — O'leum Auran'tii, Oleum 
 seu Esien'tia Nero'li, — with spirit and water, the 
 Aqua Florum Auran'tii, Auran'tii Jloris aqua, 
 Aqua aurantii, Orange-flower water. They were 
 once used in convulsive and epileptic cases. The 
 leaves, Fo'lia Auran'tii, have a bitterish taste, 
 and furnish an essential oil. They have been 
 used for the same purposes as the flowers. The 
 yellow rind of the fruit, Auran'tii Cortex (Ph. 
 tJ. S.), Citrus Bigara'dia (Ph. L.), Bigarade' or 
 Bitter Orange, Orange Peel, is an aromatic bitter, 
 and is used in dyspepsia, and where that class of 
 remedies is required. The Juice, Succu« Auran'- 
 tii, Orange juice, is a grateful acid, and used as 
 a beverage in febrile and scorbutic affections. 
 
 Citrus Bergamia, Citrus mella rosa — e. Bi- 
 garadia, see Citrus aurantium — c. Decumana, 
 Shaddock — c. Limetta, see Citrus mella rosa — c. 
 Limonum, C. medica. 
 
 Citrus Med'ica, G. Limo'num. The systematic 
 name of the Lemon Tree. The Lemon, Limon 
 (Ph. U. S.), Limo'num. Malum seu Bacca, Malus 
 Med'ica, M. Limo'nia Ac"ida, Limon, Cit'rea, 
 Mains, Citrus, (F.) Citron, Cedrat, has a fragrant 
 odour, depending upon the essential oil, O'leum 
 Limo'nis, of the rind. The outer rind. Cortex 
 Limo'num, Limo'nis Cortex (Ph. U. S.), Lemon 
 Peel, Zest, Flave'do Corticum Citri, is used in the 
 same cases as the Cortex Auran'tii. 
 
 The juice, Succus Limo'nis, Limo'num Succus 
 (Ph. L.), (F.) Su^ du Limon, Sue de Citron, is 
 sharp, but gratefully acid, the acidity depending 
 upon the citric acid it contains, and is given as a 
 refrigerant beverage in febrile affections. In 
 doses of half an ounce to an ounce, three times a 
 day, it has appeared to exert a markedly sedative 
 
 influence on the circulation, and has been given, 
 apparently with benefit, in acute rheumatism anci 
 rheumatic gout. Alone, or combined with wine, 
 it is prescribed in scurvy, putrid sore throat, &c. 
 Its general properties are refrigerant and anti- 
 septic. Sweetened and diluted, it forms Lemon- 
 ade. Artificial lemon-juice is made by dissolving 
 an ounce of citric acid in fourteen fluidounces of 
 water; adding a few drops of essence of lemon. 
 
 Lemonpeel tea, or water, is made by paring the 
 rind of one lemon, previously rubbed with half an 
 ounce of sugar : the peelings and sugar are then 
 put into a jar, and a quart of boiling water is 
 poured over them. When cold, the fluid must be 
 poured off, and a tablespoonful of lemon juice be 
 added. 
 
 It is an agreeable drink in fevers. 
 Cit'roii Tree is likewise considered to belong 
 to the same species — Cit'rus Med'ica. Its fruit 
 is called eedrome'la. It is larger and less succu- 
 lent than the lemon. Citron juice, when sweet- 
 ened with sugar, is called by the Italians Agro 
 di Cedro. 
 
 Citrus Mella Rosa of De Lamarck, another 
 variety of Citrus Medica, affords the Bergamote, 
 as also do Citrus Limet'ta and C. Berga'mia, 
 Citrus Vulgaris, Citrus aurantium. 
 CITTA, Malacia. 
 
 CITTARA, MINERAL WATERS OF. Thesa 
 springs are in the Isle of Ischia, near the sea. 
 They contain carbonate and sulphate of lime, and 
 chloride of sodium. Their temperature is 100° 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 CITTOS, Hedera helix. 
 CITTOSIS, Chlorosis, Malacia. 
 CIVETTA, Zih'ethum, Civ'et, (F.) Civette. An 
 unctuous perfume, of a very penetrating odour, 
 obtained from different mammalia of the Viver'ra 
 kind, particularly from Viver'ra civet'ta. It is 
 contained in a fold of the skin, situate between 
 the anus and the organs of generation. 
 CLABBER, Bonnyclabber. 
 CLABBERGRASS, Galium verum. 
 CLADES GLANDULARIA, Plague. 
 CLADISCOS, Ramusculu=. 
 CLADONIA ISLANDICA, Lichen islandicus. 
 Clado'nia Rangifer'rixa. The ancients re- 
 garded this European plant as pectoral and sto- 
 machic. It enters into the composition of the 
 Poudre de Chypre. 
 CLADOS, Ramus. 
 
 CLADRAS'TIS TINCTO'RIA, Virgil'ia Yel- 
 low Ash, Fustic Tree, Yellow Locust. An indi- 
 genous tree, which flourishes from Kentucky to 
 Alabama. The bark of the tree and the roots 
 are cathartic. 
 
 CLAIRE T, Claret, 
 
 CLAIRVOYANCE (F.), 'Clear-seeing.' A 
 clearness of sight, said to be communicated by 
 animal magnetism, which not only enables the 
 magnetized person to see in the dark, through 
 stone walls, &c., but even to observe prospects, 
 which he has never seen previously, whilst he 
 may fancy he is flying in the air. It need hardly 
 be said, that the possession of such powers is 
 fabulous. 
 
 CLAMMY, Vis'cidus, Glutino'sus, (F.) Pateux, 
 [D. ) Klam,' vaoist.' Viscous; glutinous. Aclammy 
 mouth, (F.) Bouche pdteuse, is one that is covered 
 with a mucous coat. 
 
 Clammy Weed, Polanisea graveolens. 
 CLAMOR, Cry. 
 CLANGOR, Oxyphonia. 
 CLAP, Gonorrhoea impura. 
 
CLAPIER 
 
 211 
 
 CLEF 
 
 CLAPIER (F.). A clapper, Latih'ulum, from 
 KXtTtTuv, 'to conceal.' A purulent foyer of dis- 
 ease ; concealed in the flesh or under the skin. 
 See Sinus. 
 
 CLAPWORT, Orobanche Americana. 
 
 CLA Q UEilENT, Odontosynerismus. 
 
 CLARENDON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Mild acidulous springs in Vermont; temperature 
 from 48° to 54° Fahr. The gas, given oif from 
 the water, consists of carbonic acid, oxygen, and 
 nitrogen. The springs have a reputation in cu- 
 taneous diseases, chronic bronchitis, &c. 
 
 CLAR'ET, ( Vin clair [?] ), Clare'tum, Vin de 
 Bordeaux, (F.) Clairet. A pleasant French ■wine, 
 which may be used whenever wine is required. 
 Also, a wine impregnated with spice and sugar, 
 called likewise Vinum Hi'ppocrat' icurn seu Medi- 
 ca'tum, Potus Hippocrat'icus, nip'p>ocras, Hyp'- 
 pocras. Schroder speaks of a Glare.' tura al'terans, 
 and a C. purgans. 
 
 CLARETA, Albumen ovL 
 
 CLARETUM, Claret. 
 
 CLARIFICA'TION, Clarifica'iio, Bepura'tion, 
 from clarus, 'clear,' and /acio, 'I make.' A phar- 
 maceutical operation, which consists in separating 
 from a liquid every insoluble substance, held in 
 suspension by it, that affects its transparency. 
 Decanting and filtering are the operations neces- 
 sary for this purpose. 
 
 CLARY, COMMON, Salvia sclarea, 
 
 CLASIS, Fracture. 
 
 CLASMA, Fracture. 
 
 CLASS, Clas'sis, (F.) Clause. An assemblage 
 of a certain number of objects. In Natural His- 
 tory and in Medicine, a group of objects or indi- 
 viduals having one or more common characters. 
 The classes are divided into orders, the orders 
 into genera, the genera into species, and these last 
 into varieties. 
 
 CLASSIFICA'TION, Clas8ifica'tio,{Tom elassis, 
 'a class, 'and facio, 'I make.' The formation of 
 classes. A methodical distribution of any objects 
 whatever into classes, orders, genera, species, and 
 varieties. See Nosography, and Nosology. 
 
 CLASSY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Classy 
 is near Laon in Picardy,. France. The waters 
 are chalybeate. 
 
 CLAUDICATIO, Claudication — c. Anatica, 
 Vftcillatio. 
 
 CLAUDICA'TION, Claudica'tio, from claudi- 
 care, 'to be lame.' The act of halting or limp- 
 ing. Lameness, (Prov.) Hirpling, Olau'ditas, 
 Cholo'sis, Cholei'a, Cholo'ma, (F.) Claudication, 
 Boitement, Boiterie. This condition does not 
 constitute any special disease, but is produced by 
 different causes or affections. It may be the 
 result of the shortening or elongation of one of 
 the lower limbs, of ankylosis of the joints, palsy 
 of the muscles, pain, &c. 
 
 CLAUDITAS, Claudication. 
 
 CLAUSTRUM GUTTURIS, Isthmus of the 
 fauces — c. Palati, Velum pendulum palati — c. 
 Virginitatis, Hymen. 
 
 CLAUSU'PvA, from claudere, ' to shut.* An 
 imperforation of any canal or cavity. 
 
 Clausu'ra Uteri. Preternatural imperfora- 
 tion of the uterus. 
 
 CLAVA RUGOSA, Acorus calamus. 
 
 CLAVALIER A FEUILLES BE FR&NE, 
 Santhoxylum clava Herculis. 
 
 CLAVA'RIA CORALLOI'DES, Coralloides 
 Fungus, Coralwort. Ord. Fungi, (clava, ' a 
 knotty branch, a club.') Said to be corroborant 
 and astringent. A kind of clavaria, called (F.) 
 
 Digital blanc, Digital Tiumain, Champignon de 
 Vappnreil des fractures, formed of digitations, 
 grouped together, and two or three inches in 
 length, is said to have been often found, formerly 
 at the Hotel Dieu of Paris, on the splints of white 
 wood used in the treatment of fractures, in au- 
 tumn. — H. Cloquet. 
 
 CLAVATIO, Gomphosis. 
 
 CLAVEAU, Murr. 
 
 CLAVELEE, Murr. 
 
 CLAVE3 CALVARI.^;, Wormiana Ossa. 
 
 CLAVICLE, Clavis, Clavic'ula, Claiiic' ulus, 
 Lig'ula, Fur'ctda, Os Jug'uli, Jug'xdum, Cleis, 
 Clei'dinn, from clavis, 'a key,' (F.) Clavicule. 
 The collar-hone, (Old Eng.) Cannelbone, Channel- 
 hone, (Sc.) Cuiinelhayne, Cragbane, Halsbane. 
 The clavicle is shaped like the letter S, and :s 
 placed transversely at the upper part of the tho- 
 rax. It is articulated, at one extremity, with the 
 sternum ; at the other with the acromion process 
 of the scapula. It gives attachment, above, to 
 the Sterno-cleido mastoideus ; heloic, to the Sub- 
 elavius ; before, to the Pectoralis major and L>el- 
 toides ; and behind, to the Trapezius. It serves 
 as a point of support for the muscles of the arm, 
 and protects the vessels and nerves passing to 
 that extremity. 
 
 The fibres, connecting the lamella or plates of 
 bones, have also been called Clavic'uli or Naila. 
 
 CLAVICULAR, Clavicula'ris, (F.) ClavicH- 
 laire ; same etymon. Relating to the clavicle or 
 collar-bone. 
 
 CLATlCtTLAH Nerves, Nervi clavicida' res. 
 Branches of the fourth cervical nerve, which are 
 distributed to the clavicular region. 
 
 OLA VICULE, Clavicle. 
 
 CLAVICULI, see Clavicle. 
 
 CLAVIS, Clavicle, Key — c. Anglica, Key. 
 
 CLAVUS. A naiL Helos, Gomphos, (F.) 
 Clou. This word is employed in medicine in 
 various senses. It means, 1. A Corn, from its 
 resemblance to the head of a nail. 2. Certain 
 condylomatous excrescences of the uterus. 3. A 
 callous tumour, which forms on the white of the 
 eye, and resembles a nail, the Clavus Oc'vli, (F.) 
 Clou de I'ceil. This last, by some, is considered 
 to be synonymous with staphyloma; by others, 
 with staphyloma of the cornea. Also, the penis. 
 
 Clavus Htster'icus, 3fonopa'gia, Jfonope'- 
 gia, (F.) Clou Hysteriqne. An acute pain, con- 
 fined to a small point of the head, described by 
 the sick as resembling that which would be pro- 
 duced by a nail driven into the head. It has 
 been particularly noticed in hysterical females ; — 
 hence its name. It is called Ovum hyster'icum, 
 when the pain occupies a greater extent. 
 
 Clavus Secalinus, Ergot — c. Secalis, Ergot — 
 e. Siliginis, Ergot. 
 
 CLEANSINGS, Lochia. 
 
 CLEAR-SEEING, Clairvoyance. 
 
 CLEARWEED, Pilea pumila. 
 
 CLEAVAGE, from Anglo-Saxon cleoFan, 'to 
 split.' The natural line of separation exhibited 
 by certain substances, as minerals, when sub- 
 jected to mechanical force. The term has been 
 applied to the separation of muscles into longitu- 
 dinal and circular stri», when mechanical vio- 
 lence is used. 
 
 CLEAVERS, Galium aparine. 
 
 Cleavers' Bees, Galium aparine. 
 
 CLEAVEWORT, Galium verum. 
 
 CLEF, Key — c. du Crane, Wormiana ossa — 
 e. de Garengeot, Key — c. d Noix, see Key — c. d 
 Pivot, see Key — c. d Pompe, see Key. 
 
CLEFT 
 
 212 
 
 CLIMATE 
 
 CLEFT, Rima, see Monster — c. Palate, see 
 Harelip. 
 
 CLEIDAGRA, Cleisagra. 
 
 CLEIDION, Clavicle. 
 
 CLEIDO-COSTAL, Costo-clavieular. 
 
 CLEI'DO-MASTOI'DEUS. Albinus thus de- 
 signates the posterior portion of the sterno-cleido- 
 mastoideus, which he considers a separate muscle. 
 It has been corrupted into clino-mastoideus. 
 
 CLEIS, Clavicle, Key. 
 
 CLEIS'AGRA, Cleid'agra, from xAaf, 'the 
 clavicle,' and aypa, ' a seizure.' Gout in the 
 clavicle. — A. Pare. 
 
 CLEITHORION, Clitoris. 
 
 CLEITHORIS, Clitoris. 
 
 CLEITORION, Clitoris. 
 
 CLEITORIS, Clitoris. 
 
 CLE'MATIS, from K\rifxa, K^rniaroi, 'a branch 
 of a vine, a tendril.' A genus of plants in the 
 Linnajan system. 
 
 Clematis Daphnoides Major, Vinca minor — 
 c. Corymbosa, C. erecta. 
 
 Clematis Erect'a, C. recta seu eorpnho'sa, 
 Clemaii'tis erec'ta, Flam'mula Jovis, Upright 
 Virgin's Bower, (F. ) Glematite droite. Order, 
 Ranunculaceae. Sex. S^/Kt. Polyandria Polygynia. 
 The leaves contain an acrid principle. They have 
 been esteemed anti-venereal; and, in the form 
 of powder, have been used as an escharotic. 
 
 Clematis Flammula, see C. vitalba — c. Recta, 
 C. erecta — c. Sepium, C. Vitalba — c. Viorna, see 
 C. Vitalba — c. Virginica, see C. Vitalba. 
 
 Clematis Vital'ba, C. se'pium seu sylves'tris, 
 Vital'ba, Vior'na, Atra'gene, Trav'eUer's Joy, 
 Common Virgin's Bower, (F.) Clematite, Herbe 
 anx gueiix, Aubevigne. It has been used in the 
 same cases as the former. In infusion it has 
 been applied in cases of itch. 
 
 The leaves of Clematis Crispa — c. Flam'mula, 
 sweet-scented Virgin's bower — c. Virgin'ica, com- 
 mon Virgin's bower — and c. Vior'na, Leather- 
 flower, have similar properties. 
 
 CLEMATITE, Clematis vitalba — c. Droite, 
 Clematis re-cta. 
 
 Clematitis Erecta, Clematis erecta. 
 
 CLEOME PENTAPHYLLA, Gynandropsis 
 pentaphylla. 
 
 CLEO'NIS COLLYR'IUM. a collyrium de- 
 scribed by Celsus, composed of equal parts of 
 Samian earth, myrrh, and thus mixed with white 
 of egg: called doubtless after its inventor. 
 
 Cleonis Gluten. An astringent formula of 
 myrrh, frankincense, and white of egg. 
 
 CLEP'SYDRA, from KXcTrru), 'I conceal,' and 
 '\t&ii>p, 'water.' An instrument contrived by Pa- 
 racelsus to convey fumigation to the uterus. 
 
 CLEPTOMANIA, Kleptomania. 
 
 CLETHRA ALNIFO'LIA, Sweet pepper-bush. 
 White alder; indigenous. Order, Ericacete. 
 The leaves and flowers are diaphoretic and ex- 
 citant. 
 
 CLETORIS, Clitoris. 
 
 CLEVES, MINERAL WATERS OF. This 
 spring is a quarter of a league from Cleves, in 
 Westphalia. It contains carbonate and sulphate 
 of iron. 
 
 CLICKING, see Bale sibilant. 
 
 CLIDER, Galium aparine. 
 
 CLIFFORT'IA ILICIFO'LIA. Ord. Rosa- 
 
 cese. A common South African plant, used by 
 
 the Boers as an emollient expectorant in catarrh. 
 
 CLIFTON, CLIMATE OF. The vicinity of 
 
 Clifton and of Bristol, England, appears to be 
 
 the mildest and driest climate in the west of 
 England; and, consequently, the best winter re- 
 sidence, in that part of the country, ^r invalids. 
 It is, also, a favorable summer climate, and is 
 surrounded by numerous places of agreeable re- 
 sort, suited for those who may pa^s the season 
 there. 
 
 For the mineral waters of Clifton, see Bristol 
 Hot Well. 
 
 CLIONEMENT, Scardamygmus. 
 
 CLIGNOTEMENT, Nictation. 
 
 CLIMA, Climate. 
 
 CLIMACTERIC, Climacter'icvs, Climater'i- 
 cus, from KXijiaKTtip, 'a step.' (F.) Climacterique 
 ou Climaterique. A word, which properly signi- 
 fies 'by degrees.' It has been applied to certain 
 times of life, regarded to be critical. 
 
 At present, the word Climacteric is chiefly ap- 
 plied to certain periods of life, at which great 
 changes occur, independently of any numerical 
 estimate of years. Such are the period of pu- 
 berty in both sexes ; that of the cessation of the 
 menses in women, &c. 
 
 Climacteric Years, Anni Climacfer'ioi, are, 
 according to some, all those in the life of man, 
 which are multiples of the number 7, Septen'iii- 
 ads. Others have applied the term to years, re- 
 sulting from the multiplication of 7 by an odd 
 number. Some have admitted only three cli- 
 macterics ; others, again, have extended them to 
 multiples of 9. Most, however, have considered 
 the 63d year as the Grand Climacteric ; — ?i'i 
 being the product of the multiplication of 7 by 
 9, and all have thought that the period of three, 
 seven, or nine, which they respectively adopted, 
 was necessary to the entire renewal of the body ; 
 so that there was, at these times, in the economy, 
 none of the parts of which it had previously 
 consisted. The climacteric years have also been 
 called, {Anni) hebdomad'ici, scala'res, grada'rii, 
 scan'siles, genethliaci, natalit"ii, fata'les, crit'ici, 
 decreto'rii, hero'ici, &c. All the notions on the 
 subject are essentially allied to the doctrine of 
 numbers of Pythagoras. 
 
 CLIMATAL, Climatic. 
 
 CLIMATE, Clima, Inclina'tio caeli, (F.) Cli- 
 mat, Gr. K^ijia, 'a region.' In geography, the 
 word climate is applied to a space on the terres- 
 trial globe, comprised between two circles paral- 
 lel to the equator, and arbitrarily measured ac- 
 cording to the length of the days. In a hygienic 
 point of view, we understand by climate, since 
 Hippocrates, a country or region, which may 
 differ from another in respec-t to season, qualities 
 of the soil, heat of atmosphere, &c. Climate, in- 
 deed, embraces, in a general manner, all the 
 physical circumstances belonging to each region, 
 — circumstances which exert considerable influ- 
 ence on living beings. The dark complexion 
 of the inhabitants of the torrid zone is easily 
 distinguishable from, the paleness of those, of 
 the frigid, — so are the diseases. They are all 
 modified, more or less, by climate or locality. 
 Hot climates predispose to abdominal complica- 
 tions in febrile affections; cold climates to tho- 
 racic, (fee. 
 
 One of the most important considerations with 
 regard to climates is their comparative fitness for 
 the residence of invalids, and especially of those 
 who are liable to, or suffering under, catarrhal or 
 consumptive afi'ections. The great object, in 
 such cases, is to select a climate which will ad- 
 mit of regular and daily exercise in the open air, 
 so that the invalid may derive every advantage 
 whi<jh this form of revulsion is capable of effect- 
 ing. To an inhabitant of the northern and mid- 
 dle portions of the United States — and the same 
 
CLIMATE 
 
 2 13 
 
 CLIMATE 
 
 applies to Great Britain, France, and the nortli- 
 eru parts of the old world — a more southern cli- 
 mate alone affords these advantages in an emi- 
 nent degree. During the summer months there 
 are few, if any, diseases, which require a milder 
 climate than that of the United States, or of the 
 milder districts of Europe. The temperature of 
 the winter months is, consequently, the most im- 
 portant object of attention. Equability of tem- 
 perature is essential, inasmuch as all sudden 
 changes interfere with the great desideratum- 
 exercise in the open air. In the whole continent 
 of North America the changes are very sudden 
 and extensive. It is not uncommon for the range 
 to be 40°, between two successive days. So far, 
 therefore, as this applies, the American climate 
 is not well adapted to the invalid. In the 
 southern portions, however, of the Union, this 
 objection is counterbalanced by many advan- 
 tages. 
 
 The following tables exhibit the mean tempe- 
 rature of the year, and of the different seasons — 
 with the mean temperature of the warmest and 
 
 coldest months at different places in America, 
 Europe, Africa, &c., as deduced from the excel- 
 lent paper of Von Humboldt on Isothermal Lines, 
 the Meteorological Registers kept by the surgeons 
 of the United States army, under the direction 
 of Surgeon-generals Lovell and Lawson, 1822 to 
 1854, inclusive, the work of Sir James Clark on 
 Climate, &c. 
 
 Certain of the tables show the mean monthly 
 temperature, maximum, minimum and range, as 
 well as the greatest daily, and mean daily range 
 during the corresponding months — but of diffe- 
 rent years — at some of the prominent retreats for 
 the valetudinarian in Great Britain, on the con- 
 tinent of Europe, and in the African islands. It 
 is proper, however, to remark, that in no situa- 
 tions, except in those to which an asterisk is 
 aflBxed, was the register thermometer used. In 
 the others, the observations were made during 
 the dai/ only, and consequently the numbers 
 given are far below the real range throughout 
 the twenty-four hours. The places are ranged in 
 the order of their mean temperature. 
 
 Table of 
 
 Maximum 
 
 , Minimum, and Range 
 
 OP Temperature. 
 
 
 
 
 Places. 
 
 December. 
 
 January. 
 
 Febrdary. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Mill. 
 
 Range 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 Range 
 
 Majc. 
 
 Min. 
 
 Range 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 Range 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 Ran~e 
 
 
 54 
 
 56 
 56 
 57 
 59 
 60 
 61 
 68 
 
 25 
 34 
 25 
 32 
 40 
 31 
 34 
 52 
 
 29 
 22 
 31 
 
 25 
 19 
 29 
 27 
 16 
 
 47 
 
 54 
 56 
 63 
 58 
 58 
 68 
 69 
 
 21 
 
 28 
 21 
 27 
 27 
 29 
 29 
 50 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 35 
 26 
 31 
 
 29 
 29 
 19 
 
 62 
 56 
 60 
 55 
 
 58 
 60 
 60 
 68 
 
 27 
 33 
 35 
 30 
 37 
 33 
 31 
 61 
 
 25 
 22 
 26 
 26 
 21 
 27 
 29 
 17 
 
 66 
 59 
 65 
 58 
 65 
 65 
 69 
 69 
 
 26 
 
 34 
 35 
 35 
 41 
 37 
 38 
 51 
 
 30 
 25 
 30 
 
 23 
 24 
 28 
 31 
 18 
 
 60 
 62 
 71 
 64 
 69 
 74 
 78 
 72 
 
 31 
 
 36 
 43 
 41 
 46 
 44 
 43 
 
 29 
 26 
 
 28 
 23 
 23 
 30 
 35 
 
 
 Pau 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 65 17 1 
 
 
 
 ( 
 
 Table of Mean Temperature. 
 
 Places. 
 
 DeCEMBEPv. 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 
 43 . 00 
 46 . 50 
 41 .53 
 46 .00 
 
 48 .60 
 
 49 .62 
 
 50 .50 
 60 60 
 
 36.30 
 43 .00 
 38 .89 
 42 .00 
 45 .85 
 47.65 
 46.50 
 59 .60 
 
 42 .00 
 44 .50 
 
 44 .96 
 
 45 .00 
 49 .00 
 49 .45 
 48 . 50 
 68 .50 
 
 45 .00 
 
 46 .50 
 
 46 .80 
 
 47 .00 
 
 51 .46 
 
 52 .05 
 52 .00 
 61.06 
 
 61 . 00 ' 
 48 . 68 j 
 55. 79 
 53. 00 
 57 .00 
 56.40 
 57 .00 
 62.50 
 
 
 Pau 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Table of Daily Range of Tempebature. 
 
 Places. 
 
 December. 
 
 Jani 
 
 ARY. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 >> 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 £ 
 
 
 
 
 T3 aj 
 
 o 
 
 
 3 
 7 
 9 
 6 
 9 
 9 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 15 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 4 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 11 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 16 
 14 
 17 
 
 6 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 18 
 19 
 13 
 
 8 
 9 
 14 
 9 
 12 
 11 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 19 
 18 
 14 
 
 9 
 8 
 14 
 11 
 13 
 14 
 9 
 
 13 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 20 
 20 
 
 13 r 
 
 
 Pau 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CLIMATE 
 
 214 
 
 CLIMATE 
 
 1. AMERICA, &c. 
 
 Latitude. 
 
 Mean te 
 peratuTe 
 
 years. 
 
 I temperature of different seasons. 
 
 Mean temperature of 
 
 JVmter, 
 
 Spring. Summer, Autumn, 
 
 Nain 
 
 Fort Brady, Mich. . . 
 
 Quebec, L. C 
 
 Eastport, Me 
 
 Fort Howard, Mich. 
 Fort Crawford, Miss. 
 Cambridge, Mass.. . . 
 Council Bluffs, Miss. 
 
 Newport, R.I 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 New York 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Monticello, Va 
 
 Washington, D. C... 
 
 Smithville, N. C 
 
 Charleston, S. C 
 
 Natchez, Miss 
 
 Pensacola, Flor 
 
 St. Augustine, do. . . 
 Tampa Bay, do. . . 
 
 Vera Cruz. 
 Havana . . 
 
 Bahamas 
 
 Barbadoes 
 Cumana . . 
 
 67°.08' 
 46 .39 
 46. 47 
 44 .54 
 44 .40 
 43 .03 
 42 .21 
 41 .25 
 41 .30 
 
 39 .56 
 
 40 .40 
 39 .06 
 
 37 .58 
 
 38 .53 
 34 .00 
 32 .47 
 31 .34 
 30 .28 
 29 .48 
 27 .57 
 
 19 .11 
 23 .10 
 
 26 .40 
 to 
 
 27 .5 
 13 .10 
 10 .27 
 
 26°.42' 
 
 41 .37 
 
 41 .74 
 
 42 .44 
 
 44 .50 
 
 45 .52 
 50 .36 
 50 .82 
 61 .02 
 53 .42 
 53 .78 
 53 .78 
 55 .40 
 65 .56* 
 58 .88 
 60 .18 
 64 .76 
 68 .77t 
 72 .23 
 72 .37 
 
 77 .72 
 
 78 .08 
 
 78 .3* 
 
 79 .3 
 
 81 .86 
 
 0°.60 
 14 .09 
 14 .18 
 23 .44 
 20 .82 
 23 .76 
 33 .98 
 27 .38 
 33 .82 
 32 .18 
 29 .84 
 32 .90 
 37 .67 
 36 .80 
 53 .44 
 51 .09 
 48 .66 
 55 .13 
 69 .29 
 61 .24 
 
 71 .96 
 71 .24 
 
 71. 
 
 76 .7 
 80 .24 
 
 23°.60 
 
 37 .89 
 
 38 .04 
 38 .68 
 41 .40 
 43 .09 
 47 .66 
 46 .38 
 46 .87 
 61 .44 
 61 .26 
 54 .14 
 64 .67 
 53 .83 
 
 64 .76 
 66 .73 
 
 65 .48 
 69 .67 
 
 71 .47 
 
 72 .93 
 
 77 .90 
 
 78 .98 
 
 77. 
 
 19. 
 83 .66 
 
 48°.38 
 
 61 .83 
 
 68 .00 
 
 60 .54 
 
 68 .70 
 
 69 .78 
 
 70 .70 
 
 72 .84 
 68 .70 
 
 73 .94 
 
 79 .16 
 
 72 .86 
 
 73 .33 
 75 .90 
 
 80 .46 
 80 .89 
 
 79 .16 
 82 .57 
 
 82 .73 
 
 80 .14 
 
 81 .50 
 
 83 .30 
 
 83. 
 
 81. 
 
 82 .04 
 
 33°.44 
 43 .94 
 46 .04 
 45 .43 
 
 45 .18 
 
 46 .74 
 49 .82 
 48 .60 
 53 .83 
 56 .48 
 64 .50 
 64 .86 
 56 .50 
 56 .59 
 
 68 .15 
 67 .55 
 66 .02 
 
 69 .05 
 75 .15 
 75 .26 
 
 78 .62 
 
 78 .98 
 
 80. 
 
 80. 
 80 .24 
 
 61°.80 
 
 62 .87 
 73 .40 
 
 63 .52 
 
 73 .67 
 
 71 .34 
 
 72 .86 
 
 76 .92 
 71 .46 
 
 77 .00 
 80 .78 
 
 74 .30 
 
 75 .00 
 79 .13 
 82 .93 
 
 82 .81 
 
 79 .70 
 
 83 .55 
 83 .94 
 
 80 .72 
 
 81 .86 
 
 83 .84 
 
 90. 
 
 84 .38 
 
 11°.20 
 
 12 .65 
 
 13 .81 
 20 .91 
 17 .95 
 20 .14 
 
 29 .84 
 27 .19 
 32 .14 
 32 .72 
 25 .34 
 
 30 .20 
 36 .00 
 34 .66 
 50 .69 
 49 .43 
 46 .94 
 53 .80 
 56 .60 
 58 .70 
 
 71 .06 
 69 .98 
 
 64. 
 79 .16 
 
 St. Louis, Missouri, Lat. 3.5° 46'. Mean temp. 55° .86. New Harmony, Lat. 38° U'. Mean temp. 56° .74, 
 New Orleans, Lat. 30°. Mean temp. 69° .01. -Baton Eouge, Lat. 30° .26'. Mean temp. 68° .07. 
 Jamaica, coast. Mean temp. 80° .6. 
 
 Ranse of Mean Tejiperatoee in the U. States for the Extreme Months, Seasons, and Tear 
 (Armi/ Jleteoroloffical Register, 1855.) 
 
 Stations. 
 
 Hancock Barracks, Maine 17 
 
 Fort Sullivan, Maine 25 
 
 Fort Constitution, New Hampshire, 25 
 Fort Independence, Massachusetts, 17 
 
 Fort Columbus, New York 33 
 
 Watervliet, New York 31 
 
 Alleghany Arsenal, Pennsylvania... 22 
 
 Fort McHenry, Baltimore, Md 24 
 
 Fort Monroe, Virginia, (Norfolk,)... 30 
 Fort Moultrie, S. C, (Charleston,)... 28 
 Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Florida, 20 
 
 Key West, (Florida,) 14 
 
 Fort Brooke, Florida 25 
 
 Fort Barrancas, Pensacola, Florida, 17 
 MountVernon Arsenal, Mobile, Ala., 14 
 
 Fort Pike, Louisiana 14 
 
 New Orleans, Louisiana 20 
 
 Baton Rouge, Louisiana 24 
 
 Fort Jessup, Louisiana 23 
 
 Fort Gibson, Indian Territory 27 
 
 Jefferson Barracks, Missouri 26 
 
 St. Louis, Missouri 12 
 
 Fort Gratiot, Michigan 17 
 
 Fort Mackinac, Michigan 24 
 
 Fort Brady, Michigan 31 
 
 Fort Howard, Wisconsin 21 
 
 Fort Crawford, Wisconsin 19 
 
 Fort Armstrong, Illinois 11 
 
 Fort Snelling, Minnesota 35 
 
 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 24 
 
 Fort Kearney, Nebraska 6 
 
 Fort Laramie, Nebraska 6 
 
 Fort Brown, Texas , 7 
 
 Fort Mcintosh, Texas 6 
 
 Santa Fe, New Mexico ,. 5 
 
 San Diego, California 5 
 
 Benicia, California 6 
 
 Fort Vancouver, Oregon 6 
 
 Fort Steilaeoom, Washington Ter., 6 
 
 46°.07' 
 
 44 .54 
 
 43 .04 
 42 .20 
 40 .42 
 42 .43 
 
 40 .32 
 39 .17 
 
 37 .00 
 32 .45 
 
 29 .48 
 
 24 .32 
 
 28 .00 
 
 30 .18 
 
 31 .12 
 30 .10 
 
 29 .57 
 
 30 .26 
 
 31 .33 
 
 34 .47 
 
 38 .28 
 
 38 .40 
 
 42 .65 
 
 45 .61 
 
 46 .30 
 
 44 .30 
 
 43 .05 
 
 41 .30 
 
 44 .53 
 
 39 .21 
 
 40 .38 
 
 42 .12 
 
 25 .54 
 27 .31 
 
 35 .41 
 
 32 .42 
 38 .03 
 
 45 .40 
 
 47 .10 
 
 January. 
 
 July. 
 
 8.7 
 
 Spring. 
 
 Summer. 
 
 Autumn. 
 
 Winter. 
 
 16.0 
 
 6.4 
 
 6.8 
 
 7.2 
 
 7.1 
 
 14.0 
 
 9.9 
 
 7.7 
 
 6.8 
 
 4.7 
 
 7.8 
 
 14.0 
 
 9.0 
 
 7.0 
 
 7.4 
 
 6.7 
 
 11.9 
 
 9.9 
 
 8.6 
 
 7.8 
 
 4.9 
 
 6.9 
 
 11.0 
 
 12.6 
 
 11.8 
 
 7.8 
 
 7.1 
 
 9.9 
 
 10.3 
 
 15.3 
 
 10.6 
 
 8.8 
 
 6.7 
 
 9.2 
 
 12.8 
 
 18.9 
 
 14.5 
 
 12.9 
 
 7.8 
 
 12.0 
 
 11.2 
 
 14.2 
 
 6.8 
 
 8.9 
 
 6.0 
 
 7.2 
 
 1L2 
 
 16.9 
 
 7.4 
 
 10.1 
 
 6.9 
 
 7.6 
 
 16.0 
 
 18.3 
 
 6.1 
 
 7.1 
 
 7.3 
 
 9.5 
 
 16.7 
 
 16.1 
 
 8.6 
 
 11.3 
 
 6.7 
 
 7.1 
 
 15.4 
 
 12.6 
 
 5.9 
 
 8.5 
 
 3.2 
 
 4.2 
 
 8.2 
 
 17.7 
 
 6.8 
 
 6.8 
 
 6.4 
 
 4.8 
 
 11.9 
 
 18.2 
 
 5.3 
 
 7.1 
 
 3.2 
 
 4.5 
 
 9.7 
 
 14.2 
 
 6.1 
 
 4.7 
 
 4.3 
 
 5.6 
 
 6.8 
 
 10.7 
 
 6.2 
 
 6.2 
 
 3.0 
 
 7.0 
 
 13.3 
 
 18.0 
 
 6.8 
 
 7.4 
 
 6.2 
 
 5.5 
 
 8.9 
 
 15.4 
 
 7.1 
 
 9.3 
 
 4.8 
 
 6.9 
 
 11.1 
 
 17.5 
 
 7.8 
 
 9.0 
 
 4.6 
 
 7.6 
 
 10.6 
 
 19.5 
 
 7.8 
 
 9.2 
 
 8.6 
 
 11.3 
 
 14.4 
 
 17.6 
 
 12.0 
 
 15.0 
 
 9.1 
 
 10.2 
 
 19.2 
 
 14.0 
 
 7.2 
 
 7.2 
 
 4.7 
 
 7.4 
 
 7.3 
 
 1.3.6 
 
 1L8 
 
 11.8 
 
 8.2 
 
 8.9 
 
 10.7 
 
 12.3 
 
 10.3 
 
 8.1 
 
 5.8 
 
 7.9 
 
 9.9 
 
 13.0 
 
 13.3 
 
 1.3.0 
 
 8.5 
 
 9.8 
 
 9.0 
 
 14.5 
 
 11.8 
 
 9.2 
 
 7.6 
 
 9.9 
 
 16.6 
 
 19.6 
 
 10.4 
 
 17.7 
 
 8.1 
 
 9.2 
 
 16.4 
 
 18.5 
 
 10.3 
 
 6.8 
 
 8.3 
 
 6.2 
 
 17.4 
 
 27.9 
 
 14.6 
 
 17.3 
 
 11.0 
 
 10.4 
 
 16.0 
 
 24.7 
 
 10.0 
 
 17.8 
 
 8.0 
 
 9.4 
 
 13.3 
 
 19.9 
 
 5.2 
 
 6.8 
 
 4.1 
 
 7.0 
 
 13.0 
 
 1.3.2 
 
 4.5 
 
 6.4 
 
 2.6 
 
 10.8 
 
 4.8 
 
 10.0 
 
 2.9 
 
 2.5 
 
 2.2 
 
 3.1 
 
 4.2 
 
 10.2 
 
 3.7 
 
 4.8 
 
 6.6 
 
 3.1 
 
 3.6 
 
 4.3 
 
 6.9 
 
 2.3 
 
 1.8 
 
 5.0 
 
 3.7 
 
 3.7 
 
 6.9 
 
 40.7 
 
 2.7 
 
 3.6 
 
 2.6 
 
 6.9 
 
 4.9 
 
 4.6 
 
 2.9 
 
 3.4 
 
 3.2 
 
 10.1 
 
 3.4 
 
 4.0 
 
 2.5 
 
 2.2 
 
 2.3 
 
 12.6 
 
 3.8 
 
 2.3 
 
 1.8 
 
 2.8 
 
 4.0 
 
 5.0 
 3.7 
 6.7 
 4.7 
 7.3 
 7.4 
 7.8 
 4.9 
 9.0 
 6.9 
 6.7 
 3.5 
 4.0 
 3.0 
 3.5 
 4.8 
 4.7 
 4.2 
 6.6 
 6.9 
 7.0 
 3.7 
 6.1 
 6.1 
 7.1 
 6.1 
 8.9 
 7.5 
 8.6 
 8.0 
 5.3 
 6.8 
 L6 
 1.9 
 0.8 
 2.3 
 8.2 
 1.4 
 2.0 
 
CLIMATERIC 
 
 15 
 
 CLINOID 
 
 2. EUKOPE, AFRICA, &c. 
 
 Latitude. 
 
 Mean tem- 
 perature ol 
 several 
 years. 
 
 I temperature of different seasons. 
 
 Wiiiter. 
 
 Spring. 
 
 Summer, 
 
 Mean temperature of 
 
 48°.12' 
 
 48 .1 
 50 .40 
 
 52 .11 
 
 50 .52 
 55 .42 
 
 51 .54 
 
 49 .13 
 48 .50 
 43 .7 
 
 43 .24 
 47 .13 
 
 44 .50 
 43 .36 
 
 43 .46 
 
 43 .42 
 43 .17 
 43 .07 
 
 43 .33 
 
 44 .25 
 43 .43 
 41 .53 
 40 .54 
 37 .47 
 36 .32 
 
 32 .37 
 
 36 .48 
 
 28 .28 
 
 Cairo I 30 .02 
 
 Geneva 
 
 Grosport 
 
 Newport, Isle of Wight 
 
 Sidmouth 
 
 Penzance 
 
 Undercliff 
 
 Ilastings 
 
 Bute 
 
 Cove of Cork 
 
 Jersey 
 
 Paris 
 
 Pan 
 
 Sienna 
 
 Nantes 
 
 Bordeaux 
 
 Montpellier 
 
 Avignon 
 
 Florence 
 
 Nice 
 
 Marseilles 
 
 Toulon 
 
 Leghorn 
 
 Crenoa 
 
 Pisa 
 
 Rome 
 
 Naples 
 
 St. Michaels, Azores. 
 Cadiz 
 
 Madeira, Funohal. 
 
 Algiers 
 
 Canaries, Santa Cruz. 
 
 49°.28 
 
 50 .24 
 
 51 .00 
 
 52 .10 
 51 .80 
 51 .11 
 57 .00 
 48 .25 
 51 .58 
 
 53 .06 
 51 .08 
 
 54 .95 
 
 55 .60 
 
 55 .62t 
 
 56 .48 
 
 57 .60 
 
 58 .20 
 
 59 .00 
 69 .48 
 59 .501 
 
 59 .90 
 
 60 .00« 
 60 .37 
 60 .60 
 
 60 .40 
 
 61 .40 
 
 62 .40 
 62 .88 
 
 64 .56 
 
 69 .98 
 
 70 .94 
 72 .32 
 
 34°.70 
 40 .44 
 40 .31 
 40 .43 
 44 .03 
 
 42 .14 
 
 40 .11 
 
 39 .62 
 
 43 .90 
 
 43 .82 
 38 .66 
 
 41 .79 
 
 40 .50 
 
 42 .23 
 42 .08 
 
 44 .20 
 
 42 .60 
 
 44 .30 
 
 47 .82 
 
 45 .50 
 
 43 .30 
 
 46 .30 
 
 44 .57 
 46 .03 
 
 45 .86 
 
 48 .50 
 
 57 .83 
 52 .90 
 
 59 .50 
 61 .52 
 64 .65 
 
 58 .46 
 
 47°.66 
 47 .63 
 
 49 .00 
 
 50 .66 
 49 .63 
 29 .26 
 
 45 .77 
 
 46 .66 
 
 49 .43 
 
 50 .97 
 49 .28 
 54 .96 
 54 .10 
 53 .10 
 56 .46 
 53 .33 
 67 .13 
 
 56 .00 
 
 66 .23 
 
 67 .66 
 63 .70 
 
 57 .60 
 
 58 .60 
 57 .20 
 
 57 .74 
 
 58 .50 
 
 61 .17 
 
 59 .53 
 
 62 .20 
 65 .66 
 
 68 .87 
 73 .58 
 
 64°. 94 
 
 62 .00 
 
 63 .09 
 
 63 .83 
 60 .70 
 60 .28 
 
 60 .45 
 58 .02 
 
 61 .26 
 
 62 .84 
 
 64 .58 
 
 67 .41 
 70 .80 
 70 .73 
 
 70 .88 
 
 71 .30 
 74 .66 
 74 .00 
 
 72 .26 
 72 .50 
 74 .30 
 74 .10 
 
 74 .03 
 76 .16 
 
 75 .20 
 70 .83 
 
 68 .33 
 70 .43 
 
 69 .33 
 80 .24 
 
 76 .68 
 85 .10 
 
 60° 
 50 
 51 
 53 , 
 
 53 , 
 62 . 
 51 . 
 48 , 
 51 . 
 
 54 , 
 51 , 
 
 66 , 
 
 67 , 
 66 . 
 66 , 
 61 . 
 69 . 
 
 60 . 
 
 61 , 
 60 . 
 59 . 
 
 62 . 
 62 . 
 62 . 
 62 . 
 
 64 . 
 62 . 
 
 65 . 
 
 66°.56 
 
 34°.ie 
 
 65 .30 
 
 70 .62 
 73 .04 
 
 36 .14 
 
 39 .02 
 41 .00 
 
 67 .23 
 72 .50 
 74 .17 
 71 .42 
 
 i7 .00 
 
 82 .76 
 85 .82 
 
 42 .26 
 
 60 .08 I 
 56 .12 
 
 London, Lat. 51° .30'. Mean temp. 50° .30. 
 Perpignan, Mean temp. 59° .54. 
 Nismes, Mean temp. 60° .26. 
 
 Environs of London. Mean temp. 48° .81. 
 Lyons, Mean temp. 55° .71). 
 
 In the United States, the most favourable re- 
 gion for the phthisical invalid is that of Florida, 
 — especially of Pensacola. St. Augustine is fre- 
 quently chosen, but it is liable to north-east 
 storms, vfhioh interfere with the out-door move- 
 ments of the valetudinarian, and are the source 
 of much discomfort. Still, great benefit has often 
 been derived from it as a winter retreat. Of the 
 Atlantic Isles, Madeira appears to be best adapted 
 for the consumptive, and those affected with 
 chronic bronchitis. In Italy, Rome, and Pisa, — 
 and in England, Torquay and Undercliff, are to 
 be preferred. Chronic rheumatism and gout are 
 benefited by a warm climate, which, again, is un- 
 favourable to those who are predisposed to cere- 
 bral diseases, especially to such as are charac- 
 terized by debility and mobility of the nervous 
 system — as paralysis, epilepsy, mania, &c. Hypo- 
 chondriasis and dyspepsia require rather change 
 of climate and travelling exercise than a sojourn 
 in any one. (See the Author's Human Health, 
 Philad., 1844). 
 
 For the mortality of different countries and 
 cities, see Mortality. 
 
 CLIMATERIC, Climacteric. 
 
 CLI'MATIC, CUmat'icus, GU'matal. Belong- 
 ing to, or dependent upon climate. 
 
 Climatic Diseases, Morhi climat'ici, are such 
 as are caused by climate. 
 
 CLIMATOL'OGY, CUmatolog"ia, (F.) Clima- 
 tologie, from KXtiia, 'a region,' and Aoyoj, 'a, dis- 
 course.' A treatise on climates, their effects on 
 organized bodies, &c., Ac. 
 
 CLIMBER, WOODY, Ampelopsis quinquefolia. 
 
 CLINE, K\tvn, 'abed.' Hence: 
 
 CLINIATER, Clinical physician. 
 
 CLINIATRIA. Clinical medicine. 
 
 CLINIATRUS, Clinical physician. 
 
 CLINIC, see Clinique. 
 
 CLINICA, Clinical medicine. 
 
 CLIN'ICAL, Clin'icus, (F.) Clinique, from 
 k\lvi^, 'a bed.' Relating to a bed. 
 
 Clinical Lbctuee, (F.) Leoon Clinique. One 
 given at the bed-side, or on a particular case or 
 cases. 
 
 Clinical Med'icine, Cliniatri'a,Clin'ica,CHn'. 
 ice, (F.) Medecine clinique. That which is occu- 
 pied with the investigation of diseases at the 
 bed-side, or individually. 
 
 Clinical Physician, Clinia'ter, Clinin'trus, 
 (F.) Clinicien. One who practices or teaches 
 clinical medicine. 
 
 CLINICE, Clinical medicine. 
 
 CLINICIEN, Clinical physician. 
 
 CLINICUM, Clinique. 
 
 CLINIQUE (F.), Clinical. Cliniqtie,Clin'icvm, 
 is also used substantively for ^eo?c Clinique or 
 Clinical School: a school in which medicine is 
 taught by examining diseases on the patients 
 themselves, at the bed-side, as it were. Thu.«, 
 the French say, — "La Clinique de la Charife," 
 " The Clinical School of the Hospital La Charite." 
 The term has been introduced into this country, 
 and anglicised Clinic. 
 
 CLINO-CEPHA'LIA, Klino-cepha'lia, from 
 K'Xtvrj, 'a bed,' and K£<pa\i], 'head.' Monstrosity 
 in which the head is unusually flattened, owing 
 to synostosis of the parietal and sphenoid bones. 
 
 CLINODES, Clinoid. 
 
 CLINOID, ClinoVdes, Clino'des, Clinoi'deus, 
 from K^Kivrj, 'a bed,' and uiog, 'form.' Resem- 
 bling a bed. 
 
 Clinoid Proc"esses, (Y.) Apophyses clrno'idea, 
 are four processes at the upper surface of the 
 
CLINOIDEUS 
 
 216 
 
 CLYSTER 
 
 sphenoid bone, which have been compared to the 
 posts of a bed. On them the pituitary gland 
 rests. They are divided into anterior and poste- 
 rior. Each of the anterior terminates in a point 
 called Transverse Spinous Process. 
 CLINOIDEUS, Clinoid. 
 CLINOPODIA, Thymus mastichina. 
 CLINOPODIUM ARVENSE, C. vulgare — c. 
 Incanum, Pycnanthemum incanum — c. Majus, C. 
 vulgare. 
 
 Clinopo'dium Vulga're, from K\ivrj, 'a bed,' 
 and T!ovs, TToiog, 'foot/ so called from the shape 
 of its ilowers, Clinopodium arven'se seu majus, 
 Oc"i/mnm sylves'tre, Melis'sa clinopo'dium, Thy- 
 mus sylvat'icus. Wild Basil, (F.) Grand Basilic 
 sauvage. A European plant, Ord. Labiatse, which 
 was formerly considered to be an antidote to the 
 bites of venomous animals, to facilitate labour, 
 relieve strangury, stop diarrhoea, <fec. 
 
 OLIQ UE TIS, Crepitation — c. Iletallique, 
 Tintement metalliqne. 
 
 CLISEOM'ETER, Clisiom'eter, (F.) Klisioml- 
 tre, from kXio-i;, 'inclination,' and ixerpov, 'a mea- 
 sure.' An instrument, intended to measure the 
 degree of inclination of the pelvis and to deter- 
 mine the relation between the axis of the pelvis 
 and that of the body. — Osiander, Stein. 
 CLITBUK, Arctium lappa. 
 CLITHE, Arctium lappa. 
 CLITHEREN, Galium aparine. 
 CLITORICARCINO'MA, from xXeirop,;, 'clito- 
 ris,' and KapKivo)iia, 'cancer.' Cancer of the clitoris. 
 CLITORIDES INPERIORES LATI ET 
 PLANI MUSCULI, Constrictores cunni. 
 
 CLIT'ORIS, from kXyiti^p, 'a servant who in- 
 vites guests' [?]. Clei'toris, Cte'toris, Cleithoris, 
 Oleitor'ion, Cleithorion, Dulce'do Amor' is, Venus, 
 Myrton, Murton, Murtwm, CEstrum, (Estrus, Coles 
 femina'rum. Penis mulie'hris seu/emineus, Men'- 
 tula mulie'bris, Memhrum mulie'bre, Superla'hia, 
 Cereo'sis, Hypoder'mis, Nympha,, Nymphe, Epi- 
 der'rhis, Libi'dinis Sedes, Tunic'ida, Crista. A 
 small, round organ, s.ituate at the upper part of 
 the vulva, and separated by a small space from 
 the anterior commissure of the labia. Its base is 
 surrounded by a slight fold, similar to the pre- 
 puce ; and jt is, internally, of the same structure 
 as the coipora cavernosa penis. The artery of 
 the clitoris, (F.) A. Glitorienne ou Clitoridienne, 
 is a branch of the internal pudic. The vein com- 
 municates with the internal pudic, and the nerve 
 with the pudic. 
 
 CLIT'ORISM, Clitoris'mus. The abuse made 
 of the clitoris. Also, an unusually large clitoris, 
 Cereo'sis extern' a sen Clitor'idis, Cauda' tio, Cauda. 
 CLITORI'TIS, Clitoriti'tis, from kXhtopi?, 
 'clitoris,' and itis, ' denoting inflammation.' In- 
 flammation of the clitoris. 
 CLITORITITIS, Clitoritis. 
 CLITORIUM, Vulva. 
 OLIVER, Galium aparine. 
 CLIVUS BLUMENBACH'IL An inclining 
 surface behind the dorsum ephippii of the sphe- 
 noid bone, which is continuous with the basilar 
 process of the occipital bone. 
 
 CLOA'CA, (F.) Cloaque, akin to (cXu^w, 'I 
 wash' [?]. The pouch at the extremity of the 
 intestinal canal, in which the solid and liquid 
 excretions are commingled in birds, fish and rep- 
 tiles. In the male, it gives exit to the excre- 
 ments, sporm and urine : in the female, to the 
 eggs, faecal matters, and urine. 
 CLOANX, Orpiment. 
 CLOAQUE, Cloaca. 
 
 CLOCHE (F.). A popular expression in 
 France for a blister or other vesicle. 
 
 CL IS N, Septum — c. des Fosses nasales. 
 Septum narium — c. Transparente, Septum lu- 
 cidum. 
 
 CLOISONNEMENT, see Generation. Also, 
 the division of a hollow organ — as the bladder, 
 vagina, and uterus, into two portions by a sep- 
 tum, — a malformation — anomalie par cloisonne- 
 ment. 
 
 CLONIC, Clon'icus, from k\ovo;, ' agitation,' 
 'motion.' (F.) Clonique. Irregular convulsive 
 motions.' Convulsion with alternate relaxation; 
 in contradistinction to tonic, which signifies a 
 constant rigidity ; — Clonus, Clon'ici partia'les. 
 
 Clonic Spasm, see Spasm. 
 
 CLONICI UNIVERSALES, Synelonus. 
 
 CLONIQUE, Clonic. 
 
 CLONIS, Sacrum. 
 
 CLONISM, C^onis'musy same etymon. Clonic 
 spasm. — Baumes. 
 
 • CLONO'DES, from kXovo^, 'agitation,' and 
 uiog, ' resemblance.' Convulsive. Galen applies 
 this term to the pulse, when convulsive, as it 
 were, and unequal. He compares the sensation 
 it communicates to the finger to that produced 
 by a bundle of sticks or of rods in vibration. 
 
 CLONOS EPILEPSIA, Epilepsy— c. Hydro- 
 phobia, Hydrophobia. 
 
 CLONUS, Synelonus — c. Nictitatio, Nictation 
 — c Palpitatio, Palpitation — c. Pandiculatio, Pan- 
 diculation — e. Pandiculatio maxillarum. Yawning 
 — c. Singultus, Singultus — c. Sternutatio, Sneez- 
 ing — c. Subsultus, Subsultus tendinum. 
 
 CLOPEMANIA, Kleptomania. 
 
 CLOPORTES ORDINAIRES, Onisci aselli. 
 
 CLOSE-STOOL, Lasanum. 
 
 CLOT, Coagulum — c. of Blood, see Blood. 
 
 CLOTBUR, Xanthium. 
 
 CLOTHING, Vestitus. 
 
 CLOTTY, Griimo'sus, (F.) Grumeleux. Com- 
 posed of clots. 
 
 CLOU, Clavus, Furunculus — c. de Girofle, see 
 Eugenia caryophyllata — c. Hysterique, Clavus 
 hystericus — c. de I' CEil, Clavus oculi — c. de Seigle-, 
 Ergot. 
 
 CLOUDBERRIES, Rubus chamsemorus. 
 
 CLOUDBERRY TREE, Rubus chamsemorus. 
 
 CLOVE, see Eugenia caryophyllata — c. Bark, 
 see Myrtus caryophyllata — c. Pink, Dianthus 
 caryophyllus — c. July flower, Dianthus caryo- 
 phyllus. 
 
 CLOVE-TONGUE, Helleborus niger. 
 
 CLUBFEET, Kyllosis. 
 
 CLUBMOSS, Lycopodium — c. Common, Ly- 
 copodium complanatum — c. Fir, Lycopodium 
 selago — c. Upright, Lycopodium selago. 
 
 CLUNES, Nates. 
 
 CLUNE'SIA, from Chines, 'the nates.' Proe- 
 tal'<jia, Procti'tis. An inflammation of the but- 
 tocks. — Vogel. 
 
 CLUNIS, Sacrum. 
 
 CLUPEATHRYSSA. The Yelloxo-bilhd 
 Sprat ; a very poisonous fish of the West Indies. 
 
 CLUTIA ELUTERIA, Croton cascarilla. 
 
 CLYDON, Flatulence. 
 
 CLYPEALIS (Cartilago.) Thyroid cartilage. 
 
 CLYSANTLIUM, Syringe, Clyster. 
 
 CLYSIS, Clysmus. Same etymon as clyster. 
 The application of a clyster. Washing out by 
 means of a clyster. 
 
 CLYSMA, Clysis, Clyster, Enema— c. Toni- 
 cum, Enema fcetidum. 
 
 CLYSMA'TION, same etymon as clyster. A 
 diminutive of clysma. A small clyster. 
 
 CLYSMUS, Clysis, Enema. 
 
 GLYSOIR ou CLYSOIRE (F.). An appa- 
 ratus for administering enemata, consisting of a 
 long funnel-shaped tube of elastic gum, furnished 
 with a pipe at the apex. An instrument, similar 
 to this, with a syringe attached, is called a Cly- 
 sopompe. 
 
 CLYS0P03IPE, Olysoir, Syringe. 
 
 CLYSTER, Clyste'rium, Clysma, Enelya'ma, 
 
C LTSTERE 
 
 217 
 
 COCCI GRANUM 
 
 Clysm.xi8, En'ema, Lavamen' turn, K'Xvarnp, from 
 kXv^uv, 'to wash.' (F.) Clystere, Lavement, 
 Reniede. A liquid, thrown into the large intes- 
 tines by means of a syringe, or bladder and pipe 
 properly prepared, &c. ; the nozzle of the syringe 
 or pipe being introduced into the anus. See 
 Enema. 
 
 Clyster of Aloes, Enema aloes — c. Anodyne, 
 Enema anodynum — e. of Assafostida, Enema as- 
 safoetida — c. Cathartic, Enema oatharticum — c. 
 of Colocynth, Enema colocynthidis — c. Com- 
 mon, Enema commune — c. Domestic, Enema 
 commune — c. Fetid, Enema foetidum — c. Pipe, 
 Elasma — c. Purging, Enema catharticum — c. 
 Starch and opium, Enema anodynum— c. Tobac- 
 co, Enema tabaci — c. Turpentine, Enema tere- 
 binthinse — c. Uterinus, Sparallium. 
 CLYSTERE, Enema. 
 CNEME, Leg. Tibia. 
 
 CNEMODACTYL^US, Extensor communis 
 digitorum pedis. 
 
 CNEMOLORDO'SIS, from Kvrijitj, 'the leg.' 
 and 'Kophusaiq, 'the state of being bent forward.' 
 Bending of the leg forward. 
 
 CNEMOSCOLIO'SIS, from Kvniit,, 'leg,' and 
 o-KoXiwcrif, 'bending,' especially sideways. Bend- 
 ing of the leg sideways. The state of being how- 
 legged, or bandy-legged, (Prov.) Scrog-legged, 
 shacJcle-hammed, (L.) Valgus. 
 CNEORON, Daphne gnidium. 
 CNEORUM TRICOC'CUM, Ahneze'rion, Ac- 
 nes' tos, Chamcele'a, Widoio-wail, Sjyurge-Olive, 
 (F.) Camelee. This plant, Ord. Terebinthacete, 
 a native of Southern Europe, contains a very ir- 
 ritating, acrid principle. The ancients employed 
 its leaves as a powerful purgative. It is now 
 sometimes used for deterging ulcers. 
 
 CNESIS, Cnesmos, Cnismos. A painful itching. 
 — G-alen. 
 
 CNESMA, Itching. 
 CNESMOS, Cnesis, Itching, Prurigo. 
 CNICEL^'UM, from kviko;, 'carthamus,' and 
 c\aiov, 'oil.' Oil of carthamus. — Dioscorides. 
 
 CNICUS, Carthamus tinctorius — c. Sylvestris, 
 Centaurea benedicta. 
 
 CNIDEL^'ON, CnUela'um, from kvl^h, 
 * cnidian,' and tXaiov, ' oil.' Oil made from the 
 grana cnidia or mezereon berries. — Dioscorides. 
 
 CNID'IA GRANA, Cnidii Cocci, Coccognid'ia, 
 jSSto'lion, Ooceum. The berries of the Daphne 
 gnidium. — Foesius. 
 
 CNIDIUM SILAUS, Peucedanum silaus — c. 
 Tenuifolium, Sison ammi. 
 
 CNIDO'SIS. A pungent itching, compared to 
 that produced by the Urtica urens or Nettle. 
 (Kvii}].) — -Hippoc. Urticaria,' urticatio. 
 
 CNIP'OTES, Pruri'tus. Itching. The dry 
 ophthalmia, Xero2)hthal' mia. 
 CNISMOREGMIA, Pyrosis. 
 CNISMOS, Cnesmos. 
 CNISSA, see Nidorous. 
 
 CNISSOREG'MIA, from Kxnuua, 'the smell of 
 burnt fat,' and opsyo), 'I put forth;' Buctus nido- 
 ro'sus. A nidorous eructation, as of rotten 
 eggs. 
 
 CNYMA, Kvvfxa. A slight itching. Also, a 
 puncture or vellication. — Galen. 
 COACTUS, see Curds. 
 COACUM, Phytolacca deeandra. 
 COAGMENTATIO. Gomphosis. 
 COAGULABLE LYMPH, Fibrin, Liquor san- 
 guinis. 
 
 COAG'ULANTS, Coagxdan'tia, from coagu- 
 lare, — itself from co and agere, 'to act together,' 
 or from cogo, ' to drive or bring together.' Reme- 
 dies, or poisons, supposed to possess the power 
 of coagulating the blood, or to give consistency 
 to animal fluids. The word and the absurd no- 
 tions connected with it are equally abandoned. 
 
 COAGULA'TION, Coagula'tio, Thromho'sis, 
 The conversion of a liquid into a more or less 
 soft and tremulous mass. Many animal and 
 vegetable fluids are capable of coagulation. 
 COAGULATUS, see Curds. 
 COAG'ULUM, Gnimus, (F.) Caillot, Grumeau, 
 ('a small clot.') A soft mass formed in a coagu- 
 lable liquid. The Clot of the Blood is particu- 
 larly so called — the Cnior, Iii'sula, Placeii'ta, 
 Hepar San'guinis, Crassanien'tum, Sanguis con- 
 cre'tus ; — the red mass, composed of fibrin, serum, 
 and colouring matter, which separates when the 
 blood is left to itself. See Blood. The word is 
 also applied, in pathology, to the sanguineous 
 concretions, which form in different natural and 
 accidental cavities; and which, when they occur 
 at the mouth of a divided artery, sometimes sus- 
 pend the flow of blood. This is, indeed, one of 
 the means by which hemorrhage is arrested. 
 
 Coag'ultjm Alu'winis, Coag'idiim Alumino'- 
 sum, Cataplashiia alu'nnnis. Alum curd or cata- 
 plasm. This is made by beating the white of 
 egg with a little alum, until a coagulum is formed. 
 It is applied in cases of ophthalmia, where ai? 
 astringent is necessary. 
 
 COALES'CENCE, Coaleseen' tia, Coalit"io 
 par'tium, from coalescere, ' to run together,' 
 [co, and alere, ' to nourish,') Sym'physis, Pros' - 
 physis. The adhesion or union of parts pre- 
 viously separated, as in case of wounds and pre- 
 ternatural adhesions or malformations. See 
 Monster. 
 
 COALFISH, see Oleum jecoris aselli, 
 
 COALITIO, Coalition, Symphysis. 
 
 CoALiTio Partium, Coalescence. 
 
 COALIT"ION, CoalWio. The same etymon 
 as coalescence. It has been used in the same 
 cases; as well as to express the action of several 
 parts of the frame, which have the same nu- 
 trition. 
 
 COALITUS, Symphysis. 
 
 COALTER'N^ FEBRES. A name given to 
 two intermittents, which attack a person at the 
 same time, but whose paroxysms are distinct: so 
 that the attack of one supervenes when the other 
 has ceased. The term Double Intermittent ex- 
 presses the same meaning. 
 
 COAPTA'TION, Coaptta'tio, from co, and 
 aptare, ' to adjust,' 'adapt;' Parago'ge. The act 
 of adapting the two extremities of a fractured 
 bone to each other; or of restoring a luxated 
 bone to its place. Coaptation must be effected 
 gently. Usually, extension and counter-exten- 
 sion are, in the first place, necessary. 
 
 COARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis, Synarthrosis, 
 
 COARCTATIO, Arctatio, Coarctation, Stric- 
 ture — c. Ventriculi, Stricture of the Stomach. 
 
 COARCTA'TION, Coarcta'tio, from coarctare, 
 'to straiten.' Stricture. Avicenna speaks of 
 Cocirctation of the Pulse. 
 
 OOARCTOTOMIE, Coarctotom'ia, a hybrid 
 term, from coarctare, ' to narrow,' and rofxri, ' in- 
 cision.' Urethrotomy, when limited to the simple 
 division of a stricture. 
 
 COAT, see Enduit — c. Buffy, Corium phlogis- 
 ticum. 
 
 COATED, see Enduit. 
 
 COBALT, PROTOXIDE OF, Smalt 
 
 COBHAM, MINERAL WATERS OF. Cob- 
 ham is seven miles from Kingston, in Surrey, 
 England. The waters are weak saline purgatives. 
 
 COBRA DI CAPELLO, Crotalus horridus. 
 
 COBWEB, Araneaj tela. 
 
 COCASH, Erigeron Philadelphicum. 
 
 COCCA'RIUM. A very small pill. 
 
 COCCHIA, Cochia. 
 
 COCCI GRANUM, Kermes— c. Orientales, see 
 Menispermum cocculus. 
 
COCCIGIO-CUTAN^ 
 
 218 
 
 COCHLEARIS 
 
 COCOIGIO-CUTANE SPHINCTER,S^Vmc- 
 ter ani externus. 
 
 COCCINELLA, diminutive of kokko;, coccus, 
 ' a berry' which it resembles. Coccus cacti. 
 
 Coccinel'la Septempuncta'ta, Lady - bird, 
 Lady-cow, Lady-bug, Cow-lady, CueTiy-cow-Jady, 
 (Prov.) Fly-golding, Golden-bug, Golden-hnop. 
 This insect, bruised upon an aching tooth, has 
 long been regarded as anti-odontalgic, 
 
 COC'CION, KOKKiov. A weight, mentioned by 
 Myrepsus ; the same as the siliqua. 
 
 COCCIONELLA, Coccus cacti. 
 
 COCCOBALSAMUM, see Amyris opobalsa- 
 mum. 
 
 COCCOGiSriDIA, Cnidia grana. 
 
 COCCOLOBA UVIFERA, see Kino. 
 
 COCCONES, see Punica granatum. 
 
 COCCUL^ OFFICINARUM, see Menisper- 
 mum cocculus. 
 
 COCCULUS CRISPUS, Menispermum tuber- 
 culatum — c. Indi aromaticus, see Myrtus pimenta 
 — c. Indicus, see Menispermum cocculus — c. Pal- 
 matus, Columba — c. Suberosus, Menispermum 
 cocculus. 
 
 COCCUM, Cnidia grana, Kermes — e. Baphi- 
 cum, Kermes — c. Infectorium, Kermes — c. Scar- 
 latinum, Kermes — c. Tinctorum, Kermes. 
 
 COCCUS, (KOKKog, 'a berry,') Coccus cacti — c. 
 Americanus, Coccus cacti. 
 
 Coccus Cacti. The systematic name of the 
 Coeh'ineal Insect, Coccinel'la, CocMnil'la, Coccio- 
 nel'la, Coccinil'la , Ficus hi'dicE grana, Coccus 
 Polon'icus seu America'nus seu In'dicus Tincto'- 
 rius, Scaraha' olus hemisphcB'rictis, Cochinelif'era 
 cochinil'la, Coccus America' nua, Cochinelle, Coc- 
 cus; the Coeh'ineal Animal, (F.) Cochenille, 
 Graine d'Ecarlate. Class, Insecta. Order, He- 
 miptera. The cochineal insects have a faint, 
 heavy odour; their taste is acrid, bitterish, and 
 astringent ; colour blackish-red externally, — 
 purple-red within. They are used chiefly for 
 giving a red colour to tinctures, &c. They were, 
 at one time, esteemed astringent, stimulant, diu- 
 retic, and anodyne. 
 
 Coccus Ilicis, Kermes — e. Indicus tinetorius, 
 Coccus cacti — c. Indicus, see Menispermum coc- 
 culus — c. Polonicus, Coccus cacti. 
 
 COCCYCEPH'ALUS, Coccy'go-ceph'ahis, (F.) 
 Coccycephale, from coccyx and KopaXri, 'the head.' 
 A monster whose head has the shape of the os 
 coccygis. 
 
 COCCYGEAL, Coceygeus— c. Nerve, see Sa- 
 cral Nerves. 
 
 COCCYGE'US, Coccyge'al, (F.) Coccygien, 
 from KOKKv^, because it is inserted into the coccyx ; 
 Ischio- Coceygeus, (F.) Isehio-coccygien. Belong- 
 ing both to the ischium and coccyx. The muscle 
 IscJiio-coccygeus, Leva'tor Coccy'gis, Triangula'ris 
 Coccy'gis. It arises from the spinous process of 
 the ischium, and is inserted into the extremity of 
 the sacrum; and into nearly the whole length of 
 the OS coccygis laterally. It retains the coccyx 
 in place, and prevents it from being forced back- 
 wards during the evacuation of the faeces. 
 
 COGCYGIO-ANAL, Sphincter ani externus. 
 
 COCCYGIO-GUTANE SPHINCTER, 
 Sphincter ani externus. 
 
 COCCYGOCEPHALUS, Coccycephalus. 
 
 COCCYMELEA, Prunus domestica. 
 
 COCCYX, 'a cuckoo,' whose bill it is said to 
 resemble ; Os Coccy'gis seu Al'agas, Cauda, Ossis 
 sacri aeu'men. Rump or Crupper Rone, Cu' cuius, 
 Uropyg'ion, Spon'dylis, Spondyl'ium. An assem- 
 blage of small bones, attached to the lower part 
 of the sacrum ; the curvature of which it pro- 
 longs, and of which it seems to be an appendage. 
 Generally, it consists of four bones. Behind the 
 
 base of the coccyx are two small tubercular emi- 
 nences. These are called Cornua of the Coccyx. 
 
 COCHEMAR, Incubus. 
 
 COCHENILLE, Coctus cacti. 
 
 COCHERIA, Cochia. 
 
 C C H I A, Cocehia, Coche'ria, from kokkos, 
 ' berry,' ' seed,' or from Koxvdo, ' to flow pnifusely.' 
 An ancient name for several of&cinal purgative 
 pills; thus called, either because they produced 
 copious evacuations, or were shaped like a seed. 
 
 COCHIN LEG, see Elephantiasis. 
 
 COCHINEAL, Coccus cacti. 
 
 COCHINELIFERA COCHINILLA, Coccus 
 cacti. 
 
 COCHINILLA, Coccus cacti. 
 
 COCH'LEA. A Snail's shell, (F.) Limaqon, 
 Coquille, Cochlee. Anatomists have given this 
 name to the most anterior of the three cavities, 
 which constitute the labyrinth of the ear, the 
 Pelvis Au'rium, Concha auris inter'na seu La- 
 byrinthi, Cav'itas cochlea'ta seu buccina'ta, A?!- 
 trum buccino'sum, Troch'lea labyrinth' i : — and 
 that of ScalcB of the Cochlea, (F.) Rampes du li- 
 maqon, to two spiral cavities in the interior of the 
 cochlea. One of these scalse terminates at the 
 Fenes'tra rotun'da, and is called Scala tympiani: 
 the other opens at the anterior and inferior part 
 of the vestibule : it is called Scala vestib'uli. 
 
 Cochlea, Scal^ op the, see Cochlea. 
 
 COCHLEAR, Cochlea'ris, (F.) Cochleaire, 
 Cochlearien. Relating or appertaining to the 
 cochlea. 
 
 Cochlear, Cochleare — c. Auriculare, Ear-pick 
 — e. Nerve, see Auditory Nerve. 
 
 COCHLEA'RE, Coch'lear, Cochlea' ri urn., from 
 cochlea ; its bowl resembling a shell. A spoonful, 
 (P.) Cuilleree ; abbreviated in prescriptions usu- 
 ally to coch. See Abbreviation. Also, a scoop. 
 
 Cochlea're Magnum, a tablespoonful ; C. Me'- 
 dium, a dessert or pap-spoonful; and C. Min'i- 
 mum, a teaspoonful. 
 
 COCHLEA'RIA, from cochleare, 'a spoon,' so 
 called from its resemblance. C. officinalis. 
 
 Cochlea'eiA Armora'ciA, Raph'anus rusti- 
 ca'nus seu mari'nus seu sylves'tris seu magna, 
 Armora'cia, A. sati'va seu rnstica'na, Horse- 
 radish; (Sc.) Rotcoll. Fam., Cruciferse. Sex. 
 Syst. Tetradynamia Siliculosa. (F.) Raifort sau- 
 vage, Cran, Cran de Rretagne, Cranson, 3/outarde 
 des 3Ioines ou des Allemands, Radis de cheval. 
 The root of horseradish is frequently used at 
 table; and has long been in the Materia Medica. 
 It is stimulant and diuretic. Externally, it is 
 rubefacient. 
 
 Cochlea'ria Coron'opits, Coron'opus, Coron'- 
 opus Ruel'lii seu depres'sus seu vulga'ris, Le- 
 pid'ium squama' turn, Senebie'ra coron'opins, Wild 
 Scurvy Grass, Swine's Cress, (F.) Come de Cerf. 
 This European plant is considered to be diuretic 
 and antiscorbutic. The term Coron'ojjus was 
 given, by the ancients, to various plants. 
 
 Cochlearia IIortensis, Cochlearia oflBcinalis. 
 
 Cochlea'ria Officina'lis, Cochlearia, C. hor- 
 ten'sis seu 2^yrena'ica seu vulga'ris. Lemon Scurvy 
 Grass, Common Scurvy Grass, (Sc.) Scruhie-grass, 
 (Prov.) Scrooby-grass, (F.) Cranson, Herbe aux 
 cuillers. It has been considered a powerful anti- 
 scorbutic. It is sometimes eaten in salad. 
 
 Cochlearia Pyrenaica, C. oflicinalis — e. Vul- 
 garis, C. officinalis. 
 
 COCHLEARIFOR'MIS, from cochleare, 
 'a spoon,' and forma, 'shape ;' (F.) Rec de Ciiiller. 
 
 CochleariformiS Proces'sus, Cochlear'iform 
 process. A small, very thin plate, which sepa- 
 rates the bony portion of the Eustachian tube 
 from the canal for the passage of the tensor tym- 
 pani. 
 
 COCHLEA'RIS. A gelatinous looking tissue, 
 seen on opening the cochlea, by which the mem« 
 
COCHLEARIUM 
 
 219 
 
 CCELIAC 
 
 branous zone is connected, at its outer or convex 
 margin, with the outer wall. It is supposed by 
 Todd and Bowman to be muscular; and to have 
 a preservative offi-ce, being placed to defend the 
 cochlear nerves from undue vibrations of sound, 
 in a way analogous to that in which the iris pro- 
 tects the retina from excessive light. 
 
 COCHLEARIUM, Cochleare. 
 
 COCHO'NE, Koxi^vrj. The junction of the 
 is'chium, near the seat or breech. — Foesius. The 
 breech proper, from the hip-bones to the anus. 
 The perinaeum. The coccyx. 
 
 COCIL'IO. A weight of eleven ounces. 
 
 COCK-EYE, see Luscitas. 
 
 COCK-GRASS, Lolium temulentum. 
 
 COCKLE, CORN, Lychnis githago. 
 
 COCKLE-BUR, Agrimony, Xanthium. 
 
 COCKLES, INDIAN, see Menispermum coc- 
 eulus. 
 
 COCKMINT, Tanacetum balsamita. 
 
 COCKSPUR, Ergot— c. Rye, Ergot. 
 
 COCKUP HAT, Stillingia. 
 
 COCKYBABY, Arum maculatum. 
 
 COCLES, Boi-giie. 
 
 COCO, Cocos nucifera. 
 
 Coco OP THE Maldives', Cocos de Ifaldi'vd. 
 The fruit of a palm, called Lodo'ice'a by Com- 
 merson. It was formerly termed, in the shops, 
 Nux Med'ica, and enjoyed great reputation. 
 
 COCOA, Cacao, Cocos nucifera. 
 
 COCOA CACAVIFERA. Cacao. 
 
 COCOBAY, Mai de San Lazaro. 
 
 COCO-OLEIN, see Cocos nucifera. 
 
 COCOS BUTYRA'CEA. The name of the 
 plant which affords the palm oil, O'leum pal'via, 
 obtained chiefly from tlie fruit, by bruising and 
 mixing the kernels with water, without the aid 
 of heat, by which the oil is separated and rises 
 to the surface. It is of the consistence of an 
 ointment, with little taste, and a strong, though 
 not disagreeable, smell. It is applied to sprains, 
 &c. ; but has no advantages over other oils. It has 
 been used as the excipient for suppositories, and 
 has been called, also, O'leum PalnicB seha'cexun, 
 0. fix'um nucum cocos butyra'cece and 3Iackaw 
 fat. It is procured likewise from the Ela'is 
 Guineen'sis, and Ela'is Oecidenta'lis, two species 
 of palms. Cocos is said to be contracted from 
 (P.) macoco or macaco, 'a, monkey,' the three 
 holes at the end of the cocoa-nut shell causing 
 it to resemble somewhat a monkey's head. 
 
 Cocos Nucif'era, Palma cocos, (F.) Cocotier. 
 Order, Palma. The systematic name of the 
 plant whose fruit is the cocoa-nut. (F. ) Coco. 
 It is an agreeable kernel, but not easy of diges- 
 tion. Emulsions, orgeat, &o., are made from it. 
 The juice of the cocoa, Toddy, when fermented, 
 forms wine, and arrack is distilled from it. The 
 expressed oil — Coco-olein — has been found almost 
 as efBcacious as cod-liver oil in tuberculosis. 
 
 CO COTE. Influenza. 
 
 COCOTIER, Cocos nucifera. 
 
 COCOWORT, Thlaspi bursa. 
 
 COCTIO, Coction, Digestion — c. Ciborum, Di- 
 gestion — c. Morbi, Coction. 
 
 COCTION, Coc'tio, Pepsis, Pepan'sis, Pepas'- 
 mos, Sympep'sis, Concoc'tion, from coquere, coe- 
 tum, 'to boil.' This word has been employed in 
 various senses. 1. With the ancients, coction 
 meant the particular kind of alteration which the 
 food experiences in the digestive organs, particu- 
 larly in the stomach. It meant a preparation 
 from its crude state. 2. It expressed the matu- 
 ration or change, which the humoral pathologists 
 believed morbific matter experiences before elimi- 
 nation. It was considered, that coction, Coc'tio 
 morbi, was produced during the violence of the 
 disease ; and hence this was called the Period of 
 Coction. See Humorism. 
 
 COC'YTA, (F.) Oocyte, from ku>kvto$, 'lamen- 
 tation.' The pain caused by the introduction of 
 poison under the skin.— Linnasus. 
 
 COD, or CODS, Scrotum. 
 
 COD-OIL, Oleum jecoris aselli. 
 
 COD-LIVER OIL, Oleum jecoris aseUi — c 
 Olein, see Oleum jecoris aselli. 
 
 CODAGAPALA BARK, Nerium antidysente- 
 ricum. 
 
 CODE, Codex. 
 
 CODEIA, Codeine. 
 
 COD'EINE, Code'i'a, Codei'num,Papaveri'nura, 
 from Kahia, 'a poppy head.' An alkaloid disco- 
 vered by Robiquet in opium, in 1832. It is 
 soluble in water, alcohol and ether, and unites 
 readily with acids. As a hypnotic, Magendie 
 thinks one grain of codeia equal to half a grain 
 of morphia. The muriate of codeia appears to 
 be stronger than the pure codeia. 
 
 CODESELLA, Anthrax. 
 
 CODEX. A collection of laws. (F.) Code. 
 By extension, a collection of ajiproved medical 
 formulffi, with the processes necessary for form- 
 ing the compounds referred to in it. The Pari- 
 sian Pharmacopoeia is styled Codex medicamen- 
 ta'rius. 
 
 Codex Medicamentarius, Pharmacopoeia, see 
 Codex. 
 
 CODIA, Papaver (capsule.) 
 
 CODOCELE, Bubo. 
 
 CODOSCELLA, Bubo. 
 
 CCECAL, Ctecal. 
 
 COECITAS, Csecitas. 
 
 CCECUM, Cfficum. 
 
 COEFFE, Caul. 
 
 CCE'LIA, Koi^ia, KoiXr], 'a. hollow place.' This 
 word generally meant a cavity in the body: — the 
 abdomen, in particular. It has also been used 
 for the alimentary canal, (fee: — -avm Koi\ia, 'the 
 stomach,' /carw KotAta, 'the abdomen.' Also, an 
 alvine evacuation ; excrement. 
 
 CCE'LIAC, Cce'liacus, Gastrocoe'liacus, Gastro- 
 coe'licus, (F.) Coeliaque ou Ce.liaque, from KoiKia, 
 'the cavity of the abdomen.' Relating to the 
 cavity of the abdomen. 
 
 CcELlAC Artert, Arte'ria CcB'linca, Cceliao 
 axis, Artere opistogastrique, (Ch.) A. Coeliaque, 
 Tronc coeliaque, Tripled de la coeliaque, is situate 
 above the pancreas, and behind the upper part 
 of the stomach. It arises from the anterior part 
 of the abdominal aorta, where it passes between 
 the pillars of the diaphragm, and soon divides 
 into the coronaria ventriculi, hepatic, and sp>lenic 
 arteries. 
 
 C(ELIAC Flux, Coeliac Passion, Coelinca cTiylo'- 
 sa, Diarrhoe' a chylo'sa seu chymo'sa, Fluxus chy- 
 lo'sus seu cceliacus, Passio cceliaca seu Ventricu- 
 lo'sa, Chymoche'zia, Fluor alhus intestino'rum, 
 Chylorrhce'a, ChymorrJiw'a, Cceliaca lac'tea. Mor- 
 bus cceliacus, Chylodiarrhce' a, Galactodiarrhoe'a, 
 Sedes laetescen'tes, Gastrorrhoe'a, (F.) Flux coeli- 
 aque. A species of diarrhoea, in which the food 
 is discharged by the bowels in an undigested 
 condition. By some, defined to be diarrhoea at- 
 tended with discharges of chyle or chyme. It is, 
 in general, symptomatic of tubercular disease of 
 the mesenteric glands. See Lientery. 
 
 Cceliac Passion, Coeliac flux. 
 
 CcELiAC Plexus, Solar Plexus, Plexus mesen- 
 ter'ii pro'prius et max'imus, P. gangllfor'mis 
 semiluna'ris, (F.) Plexus median ou opistogas- 
 trique, (Ch.), PI. Coeliac ou solaire, Ganglion de 
 ViEussENS, is formed of numerous nervous fila- 
 ments, which proceed from the semilunar ganglia 
 of the great sympathetic. It is strengthened by- 
 several branches of the right and left pneumo- 
 gastric nerves; is seated around the trunk of 
 the coeliac artery, behind the stomach, and fur- 
 nishes the secondary plexuses — the diaphra^- 
 
CGELIACA 
 
 220 
 
 COHOSH 
 
 matte, coronary of the stomach, splenic and he- 
 patic, Tvhich accompany the arteries of the same 
 name. 
 
 CCE'LIACA, from KotXiaMs, 'cceliac' Diseases 
 of the digestive organs ; the 1st class in Good's 
 Nosology. It comprises two orders, Enterica and 
 Splanchniea. Also, medicines that act on the 
 digestive organs. — Pereira. 
 
 CcELiACA Chylosa, Co5liac flux — c. Lactea, 
 Cceliac flux — e. Kenalis, Chyluria — c. Urinalis, 
 Chvluria. 
 
 CCELIADELPH'US, from ccelia, and aht\<pos, 
 'brother.' Anocoeliadelph' as. A double mon- 
 ster, in which the two bodies are united at the 
 abdomen. 
 
 CCELIJi'MIA, HypercB'nia ahdom'inis. Con- 
 ges' tio ahdoniina'lis, from KoiXia, 'abdomen,' and 
 'aifia, 'blood.' Hyperemia or congestion of the 
 blood-vessels of the abdomen. 
 
 CCE'LIAGPtA, Gastri'tis seu Ehteri'tis seu Col'- 
 ■iea seu Eiarrhoe'a arthrit'ica. Gout of the ab- 
 domen. 
 
 CCELIALGIA, Tormina. 
 
 CCELIAQUE, TEE PIED BE LA, Creliac 
 arterv. 
 
 CCELIOCELE, see Hernia, hypogastric. 
 
 CCELIOCHYSIS, Ascites. 
 
 CCELIOCYESIS, Precrnancv, abdominal. 
 
 CCELIODYXIA, Colic. 
 
 CCELIOLYSIA, Diarrhcea. 
 
 CCELIOX'CUS, C'celiophy'ma, from Koi\ia, 'the 
 abdomen,' and oyKos, 'a tumour.' A tumour of 
 the abdomen. 
 
 CCELIOPHYMA. Coelioncus. 
 
 C(ELIOPHY'MATA, Tuber'cula peritona'i, 
 from KoiXio, 'the cavity of the abdomen,' and 
 ^vfia, 'a hard tumour.' Tubercles of the perito- 
 neum. 
 
 CCELIOPSOPHIA, Borborygmus. 
 
 CCELIOPYO'SIS, from KoiXia, ' the abdomen,' 
 and rrDuo-ij, 'suppuration.' Suppuration of the 
 abdomen or its parietes. 
 
 CCELIORRHCEA, Diarrhoea. 
 
 CCELIORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'mus ahdom'- 
 inis, from KoiKia, 'the abdomen,' and pev/ia, 'de- 
 fluxion, rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the mus- 
 cles of the abdomen. 
 
 CCELIOSPAS'MUS, from Koi\ia, 'abdomen,' 
 and a-aaciioi, ' spasm.' Spasm or cramp of the 
 abdomen. 
 
 CffiLO'MA, from KoiXag, 'hollow.' A round 
 ulcer of the cornea, broader and deeper than that 
 described under the name Bothrion. 
 
 CCELOX, Cavity. 
 
 CCELOPHLEBI'TIS.fromk-oiXof, 'cavus,'0X£4', 
 ct'X£.3of, 'a vein,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the vena cava. 
 
 CCELOPHTHAL'MUS, from koiU?, 'hollow,' 
 and orpdaXy.o;, 'eye.' One who is hollow-eyed. 
 
 CCELOSTOM'IA, from kolXos, 'hollow,' and 
 (TToiia, 'mouth.' A defect in speaking, when the 
 voice seems as if it came from a cavern: — that is, 
 obscure, and as if at a distance. 
 
 CCELOS'TOMUS, same etymon. One who has 
 a hollow voice. 
 
 CCELOTES, Cavity. 
 
 CCENADELPH'US, from koivos, 'common/ and 
 aheXijiog, 'brother.' A double monster, the two 
 portions having, in common, one or more organs 
 indispensable to life. 
 
 CCEXjESTHE'SIS, from Kotvo;, 'common,' and 
 ata^riais, 'feeling.' ConcBsthe'sis, (F.) Genesthesie. 
 Common feeling. Some German writers mean, 
 by this, a sixth sense. Itis the feeling of self- 
 existence or individuality, and is manifested by 
 the sense of buoyancy or depression, which we 
 experience without any known cause : — by invol- 
 untary shuddering, feeling of chill or glow, &c. 
 
 CCEXOLOGIA, Consultation. 
 C(E 'NOTES, KOLvoTr,q, 'commonness,' from 
 Koivoi, 'common.' The physicians of the metho- 
 dic sect asserted, that all diseases arise from re- 
 laxation, stricture, or a mixture of both. These 
 were called Goenotes : or what diseases have in 
 common. 
 
 COETUS, Coition. 
 
 GCEUR, Heart. 
 
 COF'FEA ARAB'ICA, G. vulga'ris, Jas'mimim 
 Arah'icum, (F.) Gafier, Gafeier, and Gafeyer. 
 Order, PiubiaccEe. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Mono- 
 gynia. The plant which affords coffee, Ghoava, 
 Bon, Buna, (F.) Gafe. Originally from Yemen. 
 
 The infusion of coffee is an agreeable and 
 wholesome article of diet. It is, to a certain ex- 
 tent, a tonic, and is employed as such in conva- 
 lescence, especially from fevers, &c. In eases 
 of poisoning by opium, and in old asthmas, its 
 use has been extolled. For this purpose the 
 Moka is the best. It ought to be newly torrefied, 
 but not too much burnt; should be strong, and 
 drunk soon after grinding. 
 
 A highly azoted alkaloid was first found in cof- 
 fee, and called Gafein or Caffein. It was after- 
 wards discovered in the leaves of the tea plant, 
 and called Thein, and in the Guarana of Brazil, 
 and called Guaranin. In doses of from 2 to 10 
 grains, it induces violent nervous and vascular 
 excitement. CaflTein — as well as its various salts 
 —the citrate, lactate, malate, and muriate, have 
 been given as an antiperiodic in grain doses. 
 
 Factitious Goffees have been, from time to time, 
 recommended, but they are infinitely inferior to 
 the genuine. Various substitutes have been pro- 
 posed ; tcheat, barley, kollyberries, acorns, sun- 
 flower seeds, beech-mast, 'peas, beans, succory-root, 
 seeds of gooseberries and currants left in making 
 wine, and washed, — sliced turnips, &c. These 
 have been roasted, with the addition of a little 
 butter or oil : but they have not the aroma of 
 coffee. The best substitute is said to be the seeds 
 of the Yellow water flag. Gladiolus luteus or Iris 
 jiseudacorus. 
 
 Hunt's (Economical Breakfast Powder con- 
 sisted of rve, roasted with a little butter. 
 
 COFFEE-BEAN TREE, KENTUCKY, Gym- 
 nocladus Canadensis. 
 
 COFFEE-TREE, Gvmnocladus Canadensis. 
 
 COFFEE, WILD, Triosteum. 
 
 GOGXASSIER, Pvrus cvdonia. 
 
 COGNITIO PHYSIOLOGICA, Physiology 
 
 COHABITATIO, Coition. 
 
 COHABITA'TION, Gohabita'tio, from cum, 
 'with,' and habitare, 'to dwell.' The act of 
 dwelling together. In legal medicine, it means 
 the consummation of marriage. — Copulation. 
 
 COHE'SION, Gohaesio, from cc-, and harere, 
 'to stick.' Vis cohcBsio'nis seu adhcBsio'nis seu 
 attractio'nis. Force of cohe'sion. Attraction of co- 
 hesion or of aggregation, is that force in the par- 
 ticles of matter, whereby they are connected in 
 such a way as to resist any attempt towards their 
 removal or separation. This force has to be at- 
 tended to, in the management of disease. Emol- 
 lients, rubbed into a part, act by diminishing the 
 'cohesion. 
 
 COHIBENS, Epischeticus. 
 
 COHOBA'TION, Oohoba'tio, Goho'bium, Go'- 
 hob, Co'hopjh. Distillation of a liquid — already 
 distilled — on the same substances. When this is 
 repeated three or four times, it is called Recoho- 
 ba'tion. 
 
 COHOL. Synonym of Alcohol. Also, a dry 
 collyrium. — Avicenna. 
 
 COHOSH, Actaea racemosa, Canlophyllum 
 thalictroides — c. Black, Actaea racemosa — c. 
 Blue, Caulophyllum thalyctroxdes — c. Blueberry, 
 
COHUSH 
 
 221 
 
 COLIC 
 
 Caulophyllum thalictroides — c. Red, Actsea rubra 
 — c. White, Acta2a alba. 
 
 COHUSH, Caulophyllum thalictroides. 
 
 COIFFE, Caul. 
 
 COIGN, see Pyrus cydonia. 
 
 COTONASSIER, Pyrus cydonia. 
 
 COINCIDEN'TIA, from co, and incido {in, and 
 cado), 'to fall or happen.' Some authors have 
 translated, by this term, the word paremjyto'iiis, 
 used by Galen to designate the occlusion of the 
 foramen opticum by a humour, proceeding from 
 the base of the brain, and occasioning blindness ! 
 — Castelli. 
 
 COIN'DICANT, Coin'dicana, from co, and 
 indico, ' I indicate.' 
 
 Coin'dicant Signs are those which furnish the 
 same indications; or which confirm the indica- 
 tion afforded by another sign — avvtviuKwucva. 
 
 COIRA, Catechu. 
 
 COIRAS, Scrofula. 
 
 COIT, Coition. 
 
 COIT"ION, Co'itus, Co'etus, from coeo, {co, 
 and eo, 'to go,') 'to go together.' Qo'ittire, Cop- 
 nla'tion, Copula'tio, Cop'ula Carna'lis, Aphvo- 
 dis'ia, Aphrodisiasm' us, Epip'loce, Aeces'sus, Ba- 
 sia'tio, Amplexa'tio, Amjjlex'us, Conven'tiis, Com- 
 plex'io, Couju' giuni, Agglutina'tio, Lagne'a, Lng- 
 iieu'ma, Lagnei'a, Ilixis, Permis'tio, Permix'tio, 
 Syndyas'iniia, Synu'aia, Concn'bitus, Congres'sus, 
 Cohabita'tio, Venus, Res Vene'rea, Concu'hitus 
 vene'reus, Pra'lium, Duell'um vene'reum, Noc- 
 tur'na bella, Concil'ia corpora'Ua, Homil'iu, Ven'- 
 ery. Sexual intercourse, (F.) Co'it, Approche, Ac- 
 cotiplement. The carnal union of the sexes. 
 
 COITURB, Coitus. 
 
 COITUS, Coition — c. Difficilis, Dyssynodus — c. 
 Sodomiticus, Buggery. 
 
 COL, CoUum — c. de la Ifati-iee, Collum uteri — 
 c. Uterin, Collum uteri. 
 
 COLA, Articulation. 
 
 COLATIO, see Colatura. 
 
 COLATO'RIUM, Hylister, from colare, 'to 
 strain.' A strainer of any kind. (F.) Couloir. 
 A term by which the ancient physicians described 
 every canal or conduit through which the excre- 
 mentitious humours of the body are evacuated. 
 Ulcers, fistulas, setons, caustics, &c., have been 
 called artificial or accidental Colatoria, because 
 they were considered to be passages by which 
 the animal economy is freed from some morbific 
 matter. 
 
 COLATUM, see Colatura. 
 
 COLATU'RA, from colare, 'to strain.' Cola'- 
 fum, (F.) Colature. A filtered or strained liquor. 
 It likewise means straining a liquid, — Cola'tio, 
 Diy'lisis, Bii/lis'mus. Hy'lisis, Hylis'mus. 
 
 COL'CHESTER, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Aqua Colcestren'sis. The waters of Colchester 
 are of the bitter purging kind, similar to those 
 of Epsom. 
 
 COLCHICIA, see Colchicum autumnale. 
 
 pOL'CHICUM, from Colchis, in Asia, where 
 it is said to have been common. Colchicum au- 
 tumnale. 
 
 Colchicum Auttjmna'le, from the country 
 Colchis. CoVchicum, Coum, Meadow Saffron, 
 (F.) Colchique, Tue-chien, Mort aux chiens, Sa- 
 fran des jires ou bdtard, Narcisse d'automne, Viel- 
 lotfe. Nat. Ord. Colchicaceae. Class, Hexandria. 
 Order, Monogynia. The bulb or root {Bnlhns 
 seu Radix seu Cormus), and the seeds, Col'cltici 
 semen, are the parts used in medicine. The taste 
 is acrid, excoriating the mouth; but the acrimony 
 is lost by drying. It is narcotic, diuretic, and 
 cathartic ; and has been given in dropsy, gout, 
 and rheumatism. Dose, gr. j to vj of the fresh 
 bulb. It is supposed to be the active ingredient 
 of the Eau medicinale d'Husson. The active 
 
 principle is called Colchic"ia. Colchicum, in an 
 over-dose, is an acro-narcotic poison. 
 
 Br. Wilson's Tincture for the Gout is said to be 
 merely an infusion of Colchicum, or Col'r.hicin. 
 
 CoLCHicnir Zeylanicuji, Ktempferia rotunda. 
 
 COLCHIQUE, Colchicum autumnale. 
 
 COL'COTHAR, C. Vitrioli, Henri'cus rubens, 
 Chalci'tis, Broxon red. Rouge, Crocus, Oxidum 
 Ferri rubrum, Tritox'ydum Ferri, Sulphas Ferri 
 calcina'tum, Ferrum vitriola'tum ustum. Terra 
 vitrioli dulcis. Crocus martis vitriola'tus seu ad- 
 strin'gens, (F.) Rouge d'Anijleterre ou de Prusse, 
 Safran de Mars astringent. The red oxide of 
 iron, obtained by calcining sulphate of iron to 
 redness, with or without the contact of air. It 
 possesses the general properties of the prepara- 
 tions of iron, and has been applied to staunch 
 blood, &c. 
 
 COLD, (Sax.) cola, Frigus, Psychos, {'F.)Froid. 
 The sensation produced by the abstraction of 
 caloric from our organs, — Cheima, Chimon. See 
 Heat. 
 
 Three degrees of cold are generally distin- 
 guished in disease. 1. The simple feeling of cold 
 {Algor), 2. Chilliness {Horror), and 3. Shivering 
 {Rigor). Cold is emplo3'ed in medicine, chiefly, 
 as a refrigerant and sedative. 
 
 Cold is, also, used for a morbid affection in- 
 duced by cold. 'To take cold,' (F.) s'enrhumer, 
 is to be affected by a disease presumed to bo 
 caused by cold. See Catarrh and Coryza. 
 
 Cold-chill, Intermittent fever. 
 
 Cold ix the Eye, Ophthalmia, catarrhal — c. 
 in the Head, Coryza. 
 
 COLEITIS, Colposis. 
 
 COLEOCELE, see Hernia. 
 
 COLECEDEMA, Elytroedema. 
 
 COLEOPTOSIS, Prolapsus vaginae. 
 
 COLEORRHEX'IS, from ^o'Xsos, 'a vagina or 
 sheath,' and pv^i?, 'rupture.' Laceration or rup- 
 ture of the vagina. 
 
 COLEOSITIS, Leueorrhoea. 
 
 COLEOSTEGNO'SIS, Colpostegno' sis, Colpos- 
 tenochor'ia, Colposynize'sis, from ^(^oXeos, 'a va- 
 gina or sheath,' and (rnyvioct;, 'constriction.' 
 Narrowness of the vagina, natural or acquired. 
 
 CO'lERE, Rage. 
 
 COLES, Penis — c. Feminarum, Clitoris. 
 
 COLE US, Vagina. 
 
 CO LIBERT, Cagot. 
 
 COLIC, Co'licus, from kii>\ov, 'the colon.' (F.) 
 Colique. Relating to the colon. 
 
 Colic Arteries, Arte'rice coliccs, (F.) Arteres 
 Coliques, are six in number, three of which, given 
 off by the superior mesenteric, are called Coliece 
 dextra ; and three, proceeding from the inferior 
 mesenteric, CoUccf sinis'trcB. All proceed towards 
 the colon, passing between the two lamina of the 
 peritoneum, which form the mesocolon, where 
 they ramify and anastomose with each other. 
 The first, Colica dextra, Ramus colica dexter, is 
 cnlled C. dextra superior, {Meso-colique, — Ch.) 
 The second, C. dextra media, Colica media. Ra- 
 mus colicus medius, Arteria media anastornot'ica, 
 {C. droite, Ch.,) and the third, C. dextra infe'rior 
 or Ileo-colica, {A. ccecale, — Ch.) Of the three 
 Colica ainistrm, the first or superior is called, by 
 Chaussier, Colica magna sinis'tra ; the seconder 
 media is not distinguished from the preceding, as 
 they often arise from a common trunk; and the 
 third is called by Chaussier Colica parva sinis'- 
 tra. To these arteries as many veins correspond, 
 which open into the great and little mesenteric. 
 
 Colic Lobe of the Litek is the great lobe of 
 that organ. 
 
 Colic, Co'lica, C. Passio, Colice, Colicodyn'- 
 ia, Ca^liodyn'ia, Bolo'res intestino'rum, Bolot 
 co'licus, Bysenteronerv'ia, Enteral'gia, Gripes, 
 Mulligrubs, Bellyache, (Sc.) Belhjthra, Weam-iU, 
 
COLICA ACCIDENTALIS 
 
 222 
 
 COLICA UTERINA 
 
 (Prov.) Bellyliarm, Bellywark, GulUon. In its 
 etymological acceptation, Colic signifies an affec- 
 tion or pain in the colon. But it is employed in 
 a more extensive signification. It includes every 
 acute pnin of the abdomen, aggravated at inter- 
 vals. The word has often, however, epithets 
 afiixed to it, which render it more or less precise. 
 See Tormina. 
 
 Colic, Bilious, Colica biliosa — c. Crapulent, 
 CoHca crapulosa — c. Devonshire, Colica metallica 
 — c. Horn, Priapismus — c. Lead, Colica metallica 
 
 — c. Madrid, Colica Madridensis — c. Menstrual, 
 Colica menstrualis — c. Metallic, Colica metallica 
 — c. Nephretic, Colica nephretica — c. Normandy, 
 Colica metallica — c. Painters', Colica metallica 
 
 — c. Plumbers', Colica metallica — c. of Poitou, 
 Colica metallica — c. of Prostitutes, Colica scor- 
 torum — c. Renal, Colica nephretica — c. Saturnine, 
 Colica metallica — c. Root, Aletris — e. of Surinam, 
 Colica metallica — c. Uterine, Colica uterina — c. 
 Vegetable, Colica metallica — c. Weed, Dicentra 
 Canadensis — c. Worm, Colica verminosa. 
 
 COLICA ACCIDENTALIS, Colica crapulosa 
 — c. Acuta, Enteritis — c. Arthritica, Coeliagra. 
 
 Co'lica Bilio'sa, Bil'ious Colic, (F.) Colique 
 Bilieuse. Colic, occasioned by an accumulation 
 of bile in the intestines or in its own passages. 
 The treatment required resembles that proper for 
 Colica convulsiva. 
 
 Colica Callo'sa. Colic attended with sense 
 of stricture in some parts of the intestinal canal ; 
 often of flatulency and pain ; the flatulency gra- 
 dually passing off by the stricture ; the bowels 
 tardy ; and at length discharging small liquid 
 stools. 
 
 Colica Convulsi'ta, C Spasmod'ica seu pi- 
 tnito'sa seu nervo'sa seu idiojjath'iea, Entero- 
 epasm'ns. Colic, not the symptom of any other 
 affection. It is characterized by griping pain in 
 the bowels, chiefly about the navel, with vomit- 
 ing and costiveness — the pain increasing at in- 
 tervals. The indications are to clear the intes- 
 tines, and allay spasm. Calomel and opium — 
 castor oil and opium — emollient and cathartic 
 enemata, with fomentations, wet or dry, to the 
 abdomen, usually succeed. 
 
 Colica Crapulo'sa, 0. accidenta'lis seu hel- 
 luo'num, Crap' xdent colic, Surfeit, Colic from over- 
 eating, (P.) Colique d' Indigestion. A colic, ari- 
 sing from eating indigestible aliments, or digest- 
 ible aliments in too great abundance. The remedy 
 is obvious. 
 
 Colica Damjtoniorum, Colic, metallic — c. Fe- 
 brieosa, Colica inflammatoria — c. Figulorum, Co- 
 lica metallica. 
 
 Colica Flatulen'ta, Tnfa'tio, Gastrodyn'ia 
 flatulen'ta, Physospas'mus, Pnewnato'sis enter'- 
 ica, (F.) Colique flatulente ou flatueuse ou ven- 
 tetise. Colic, arising from an accumulation of air 
 in the intestines. It is very common in infants, 
 and may be relieved by aromatics, especially 
 when combined with antacids — for example, oil 
 of aniseed with magnesia. 
 
 Colica Helluonum, Colica crapulosa. 
 
 Colica Hemorrhoida'lis, Hemorrhoid' al Co- 
 lic, (F.) Colique hemorrho'idale. A kind of colic, 
 supposed to precede hemorrhoids or to supervene 
 on their suppression. 
 
 Colica Hepat'ica, Hepatal'gia, Hepatalgia 
 Calcido'sa, Hepat'ic colic, (F.) Colique hepatique. 
 Pain in the region of the liver, chiefly about the 
 gall-bladder, occasioned by the passing of a 
 biliary calculus through the cystic and choledoch 
 ducts. 
 
 Colica Idiopathica, Colica convulsiva — c. 
 Ileus, Ileus. 
 
 Colica Inflammato'ria, C. Phlogis'tica seu 
 plethor'ica seu febrico'sa seu puhat'ilis, Inflam,'- 
 tnatory colic. The same as enteritis. 
 
 Colica Lapponica, see Seta equina — c. Lochi- 
 alls, Dyslochia — c. Madridensis, Colic of Madrid 
 — c. Nervosa, Colica convulsiva. Colic, metallic — 
 c. Phlogistica, Colica inflammatoria. 
 
 Colica Mabriden'sis, Colic of Madrid, Ma- 
 drid Colic. A species of colic, endemic in se- 
 veral provinces of Spain, whose nature is not 
 clear. Its symptoms resemble those occasioned 
 by lead. See Colica metallica. 
 
 Colica Menstrua'lis, Men'strual Colic, (F.) 
 Colique meiistruelle. Colic, which precedes or 
 accompanies the menstrual evacuation, or which 
 is owing to the suppression of that evacuation. 
 
 Colica Mbtal'lica, Metal'Uc Colic, Painters' 
 Colic, Colic of Poitou, Colic of Surinam', Bellon, 
 Dev'onshire Colic, Dry Bellyache, Dry Gripes, 
 Saturnine Colic, Lead Colic, Plumbers' Colic, 
 Rachial'gia, R. Pic'toniim seu Pictavien'sium, 
 Morbus Metal' licus, Colicopile'gia, Colica Rachial'- 
 gia seu Damnonio'rum seu Plumbario'rnm seu 
 Pic't.onum seu Satumi'na seu Figulo'rum seu 
 nervo'sa seu Picto'rum seu sicca, Paral'ysis ra- 
 chialgia, Palmus Phimba'rius, Molybdoeo'lica, 
 (F.) Dysenteronervie Saturnine, Colique de Poi- 
 tou ou vegetale ou des peintres ou de 2)lomb ou 
 metallique ou Saturnine ou des barbouilleurs ou 
 seche. Under this head is generally described 
 the colic produced by lead, as well as the other 
 colics mentioned in the synonymy; and they cer- 
 tainly resemble each other greatly, although 
 some of them are more like bilious colic. There 
 is not much to distinguish this variety of colic 
 from others. The same violent pain about the 
 navel is present, with retraction of the abdomen 
 towards the spine. It is apt also to occasion 
 palsy. The only difference of treatment is iu 
 the necessity for employing more opium along 
 with the purgative. The paralytic sequelae must 
 be treated by change of air, rubbing the spine, 
 exercise, &c. Treating the disease upon general 
 principles is infinitely more philosophical, and 
 more successful than the former empirical man- 
 agement at La Charite, Paris, which it is unne- 
 cessary to detail. 
 
 The Colic of Madrid, Poitou, Devonshire, Nor- 
 mandy, kc, has been called vegetable colic, (F.) 
 Colique vegetale, because ascribed to the use of 
 new wine or cider, unripe fruit, &c., although 
 really, perhaps, owing to the adulteration of 
 wines and cider by litharge. All the symptoms, 
 indeed, are those of Colica metallica. 
 
 Colica Nephret'ica, Nephroco'Uca, Co'lica 
 rena'lis, Nep)hret'ic or Renal Colic, (F.) Colique 
 Nephretique. Acute pains, which accompany 
 nephritis, and especially calculous nephritis, or 
 the passage of a calculus into the ureter. 
 
 Colica Pictonum, Colica metallica — c. Picto- 
 rum, Colica metallica — c. Pituitosa, Colica convul- 
 siva — c. Plethorica, Colica inflammatoria — c. 
 Plumbariorum, Colica metallica — c. Pulsatilis, 
 Colic, inflammatory — c. Rachialgia, Colica me- 
 tallica — c. Renalis, Colica nephretica — c. Satur- 
 nina, Colica metallica. 
 
 Colica Scorto'rum, Colic of Pros'titutes. A 
 form of colic said, by Dr. Martin Hassing, of Co- 
 penhagen, to have been frequently observed by 
 him amongst that unfortunate class of beings. It 
 may well be doubted whether any special affec- 
 tion of the kind appertains to them. 
 
 Colica Sicca, C. metallica — c. Spasmodica, 
 Colica convulsiva, Ileus. 
 
 Colica Sterco'rea, Colica Stipa'ta, Stercora'- 
 ceous Colic, (P.) Colique stercorale. A species 
 of colic, ascribed to the retention of fseeal mat- 
 ters in the intestines. The retention is itself, 
 however, an effect, that may be caused in the 
 same manner as the colic pains themselves. 
 
 Colica Stipata, Colica stercorea,. 
 
 Colica Uteri'na, Hys'tero-co'Uca, Vterine 
 
COLICODYNIA 
 
 223 
 
 COLLOID 
 
 Colic, (F.) Coh'que vtin'ne. Pain seated in the 
 uterus, sometimes called Hysteral'gia. 
 
 CoLicA Ventriculi, Cavdialgia. 
 
 COLICA VERJflNO'SA, Helminthoco'lioa, Worm 
 Colic, (F.) Colique vermineme. Abdominal pain, 
 occasioned by the presence of worms in the in- 
 
 COLICODYNIA, Colica. 
 COLICOPLEGIA, Colic, metallic. 
 
 COLIMAQON, Helix pomatia, Limax. 
 
 COLIQUE, Colic — c. des Barhonilleurs, Colica 
 metallica — c. Hepatiqve, Colica hepatica — e. d'ln- 
 digestinn, Colica crapulosa — c. Metallique, Colica 
 metallica — c. de Miserere, Ileus — c. de ifiseri- 
 corde, Ileus — c. des Peintres, Colica metallica — 
 c. de Plomh, Colica metallica — e. de Poitou, Colica 
 metallica — c. Saturnine, Colica metallica — c. 
 Seche, Colica metallica — c. Vegetale, Colica me- 
 tallica — c. Venteuse, Colica tlatulenta. 
 
 COLIQUES, Pains, (after.) 
 
 COLI'TIS, from kwXov, 'the colon,' and itis, 
 denoting inflammation; Coloni'tis, Enteri'tis co'- 
 lica, (F.) Inflammation du colon. Inflammation 
 of the peritoneal or mucous membrane of the 
 colon. The former is termed Serocoli'tis, and 
 Exocoli'tis; the IsitteT, Endocolitis a,nd Dysentery. 
 
 COL IX, Trochiscus. 
 
 COLLA PISCIUM, Ichthycolla. 
 
 COLLAPSE, Collapsus — c. of the Lung, see 
 Atelectasis — c. Pulmonary, see Atelectasis. 
 
 COLLAP'SUS, Collapse, Coneiden'tia ; from 
 colorcum, 'with,' and labor, lapsus, 'to fnW.' (F.) 
 Affaissement. A complete prostration of strength, 
 either at the commencement or in the progress 
 of a disease. 
 
 COLLAR-BONE, Clavicle. 
 
 COLLARD, Dracontium foetidum — e. Cow, 
 Dracontium foetidum — c. Polecat, Dracontium 
 foetidum. 
 
 COLLARIUM SALINUM, Haloderaum. 
 
 COLLAT'ERAL, Collatera'lis, (F.) Collate'ral, 
 from col, ' with,' and latus, ' side.' That which 
 accompanies or proceeds by the side of another. 
 
 Collat'eral Ar'teries op the Arm, Arte'rim 
 Collatern'les Bra'chii, (F.) Arteres collaferales du 
 bras. They are given off by the brachial, and 
 are distinguished into, 1. The collateral — superior 
 or external (Grandes musculaires du bras — Ch.) 
 which arise from the inner part of the brachial, 
 and extend as far as the inferior and external 
 part of the arm. 2. The collateral — inferior or 
 internal [Collaterales du Coude — Ch.) which arise 
 from the brachial, near the elbow-joint, and de- 
 scend towards the upper part of the fore-arm. 
 
 The vessels which pass to the fingers and toes 
 are also called collateral. 
 
 Speaking generally, collateral branches are 
 those which follow nearly the same course as 
 the vessel whence they emanate. 
 
 COLLATERALIS, Ischio-cavernosus. 
 
 COLLE-CHAIR, Sareocolla. 
 
 COLLE DE POISSON, Ichthyocolla. 
 
 COLLECTION, Collec'tio, from colUgere, {col 
 and lego) 'to gather.' This word is often united 
 to the epithet purulent, serous, &c., to express a 
 gathering of pus, serum, &c. 
 
 COLLESIS, Agglutination. 
 
 COLLET DES DENTS, see Tooth. 
 
 COLLETICUS, Agglutinant. 
 
 COLLEY'S DEPILATORY, see Depilatory. 
 
 COLLICIiE. Same etymon as Collection. 
 'Drains to collect and convey away water.' See 
 GOUTTIERE. Union of the ducts passing from 
 the puncta lacrymalia, Collic"icB puncto'rum. 
 lacryma'lium. 
 
 COLLICULI NERVI ETHMOIDALIS, Cor- 
 
 pora striata — c. Nervorum optieorum, Thalami 
 nervorum optieorum — c. Vag'inee, Nymphas. 
 
 COLLICULUS, see Optic nerve. 
 
 CoLLicuLus Cate^ Postekioris Ventp.iculo- 
 RUM Lateralium, Hippocampus minor — c. Semi- 
 nalis, Gallinaginis caput. 
 
 COLLIER (F.), A collar, from collum, 'the 
 neck.' A name given to certain eruptions which 
 surround the neck like a collar. 
 
 COLLIER ANODIN, Necklace, anodyne. 
 
 COLLIGAMEN, Ligament. 
 
 COLLIGATIO, Syndesmosis. 
 
 COLLINSO'NIA, C. Caiiaden'sis sen decussa'ta, 
 Horseweed, Horsebalm, Richweed, Richleaf, Heal- 
 all, Stoneroot, Knotroot, Knotweed, Knohweed. 
 Order, Labiatae. Called after Peter Collinson. 
 This indigenous plant is possessed of diuretic 
 properties, which seem to reside in a volatile oil. 
 Infusion is the best form of administration. The 
 leaves in domestic practice are applied to wounds 
 and bruises. 
 
 Collinsonia Dectjssata, C. Canadensis. 
 
 COLLIQUAMEN'TUM, from colliqneo, {col 
 and liqueo,) 'I melt.' The first rudiments of an 
 embryo. — Harvey. 
 
 C L L I Q U A'T ION, ColNqua'tio, Eliqua'tio, 
 Syntex'is, Eetex'is, Solu'tion, Dissolu'tion. 'The 
 act of melting.' {'F.)Fonte. The ancients meant, 
 by this term, the progressive diminution of the 
 solid parts, with copious excretion of liquids by 
 one or more passages. They thought, that all 
 the solids melted; and that the liquids, and par- 
 ticularly the blood, lost a portion of their density. 
 
 COLLIQ'UATIVE, Colliquati'vus, Colliques'- 
 cens, from eolliquescere, {col and liqueo,) 'to grow 
 liquid.' (F.) Colliquatif. An epithet given to 
 various discharges, which produce rapid exhaus- 
 tion. Hence we say. Colliquative sweats. Colli- 
 quative diarrhoea, &C. 
 
 COLLIQUESCENS, Colliquative. 
 
 COLLISIO, Contusion. 
 
 COLLIX, Trochiscus. 
 
 COLLODES, Glutinous. 
 
 COLLO'DION, Collo'dium, Ethe'real Solu'tion 
 of Gun-cotton, Maynard's Adhesive Liquid; from 
 KoXXa, 'glue.' A solution obtained by dissolving 
 gun-cotton, Pyrox'ylin, (P.) Fulmicoton, Coton- 
 poudre, Poudre-coton, Coton fulminant, Coton 
 azotique, in a mixture of rectified ether and alco- 
 hol, in the proportion of about 16 parts of the 
 former to 1 of the latter. When applied to a 
 part, the ether evaporates, and the solid adhesive 
 material is left, which contracts. Hence it is 
 used in cases of wounds, to keep their edges to- 
 gether. It forms, also, a coating, and has been 
 applied in abrasions, and in cases of burns. In 
 various chronic cutaneous diseases, it has been 
 applied with advantage; and has been employed 
 to give a coating to pills, which it deprives of 
 their taste, without interfering with their action. 
 
 Collodion is in the last edition of the Ph. U. S. 
 (185L) 
 
 CoLLODioy, Canthar'idal, Collo'dium vesi'cans 
 sen cantharida'le. Prepared by exhausting, by 
 displaeement, a pound of coarsely-powdered can- 
 iharides with a pound of sulphuric ether, and 
 three ounces of acetic ether. In two ounces of 
 this saturated solution of cantharides, twenty-five 
 grains of gun-cotton are dissolved. By painting 
 the surface with a little of this solution, vesica- 
 tion is produced, as with the plaster of can- 
 tharides. 
 
 COLLODIUM, Collodion— c. Cantharidale, Col- 
 lodion, cantharidal — c. Vesicans, Collodion, can- 
 tharidal. 
 
 COLLOID, Collo'i'des, from KoXXa, 'glue,' and 
 eiSoi, 'resemblance;' Cancer alveola'ris, Carci- 
 no'ma alveola're, (F.) Cancer alveolaire ou Col- 
 
COLLOMA 
 
 224 
 
 COLON 
 
 loide ou Gelatini/orme, Cancer alveolaire ou areo- 
 laire ou pvltace ou gommeux, Gelatinous cancer. 
 An epithet applied to a product of morbid secre- 
 tion, resembling glue, or particles of jelty inlaid 
 in a regular alveolar bed. The three species of 
 cancer or carcinoma are, — Encephaloid, Scirrhous, 
 and Colloid. See Cancer. 
 
 COLLO'MA, from koXXo, 'glue.' A name pro- 
 posed by Dr. Walshe for the gelatiniform matter, 
 which is of common occurrence in cysts. It is 
 transparent, amorphous, and devoid of vessels 
 and nerves. 
 
 COLLONE'MA, from Kona, 'glue.' A pecu- 
 liar gelatinous tumour, consisting of a remarkably 
 soft gelatiniform tissue, which trembles on being 
 touched. — J. Miiller. 
 
 COLLOSTRUM, Colostrum. 
 
 COLLOURION, Collyrium. 
 
 COLLUM, Cervix, Trache'los, Auchen, NecJc, 
 (Prov.) Hause, Hone, (F.) Col, Con. The part of 
 the body situate between the head and chest. 
 Also, a part of an organ resembling the neck, as 
 in the following cases. 
 
 CoLLDM Astrag'ali, Cervix Astrag'ali, Neek 
 of the Astragalus, (F.) Col de I'astragale. A de- 
 pression, which separates the anterior extremity 
 of the astragalus from its body. 
 
 CoLLUM Costa'rum, Cervix Costa'rum, Nech 
 of the Rihs, (F.) Col des Cotes. The narrow part 
 of the ribs, between the head and tubercle. 
 
 CoLLUM Den'tium, Cervix Denfium, Nech of 
 the Teeth, (F.) Col ou Collet des Dents. The part 
 of the teeth between the corona and fang, which 
 is embraced by the gum. 
 
 CoLLDM Fem'oris, Cervix Fem'oris, Nech of 
 the Thigh-hone, (F.) Col du Femur. The long, 
 narrow, and oblique portion of the os femoris, 
 which separates the head from the two tro- 
 chanters. 
 
 CoLLUM Fib'uLvE, Cervix Fih'ulcB, Nech of the 
 Fibula, (F.) Col du Perone. A slight narrowness 
 seated below the head or upper extremity of the 
 fibula. 
 
 CoLLTJM Glandis, see Glans. 
 
 CoLLUJr Hu'stERl, Cervix Hu'meri, Nech of the 
 Hu'merus. A circular, depressed portion, which 
 separates the head of the os humeri from its two 
 tuberosities. Some surgeons place the neck be- 
 low the tuberosities, no precise line of demarca- 
 tion indicating its extent. 
 
 CoLLUM MANDiB-'nl,^ seu Maxil'LjE Ixferio'- 
 EIS, Cervix llandih' ula>. seu Maxilla Inferio'ris, 
 Nech of the lower jaw, (F.) Col de I'os maxillaire 
 inferteure. A depression observable on each side 
 of the lower jaw, immediately below the con- 
 dyles. 
 
 CoLLUM OBSTiPtjit, Torticollis. 
 
 CoLLUM Ossis Magni seu Capita'ti, Cervix oa- 
 sis magni seu capita'ti. Neck of the Os Magnum, 
 (F.) Col du grand Os. A circular depression be- 
 neath the head of this bone of the carpus. 
 
 CoLLTjM Pedis, Instep. 
 
 CoLLDJt Ra'dii, Cervix Radii, Nech of the 
 Radius, (P.) Col du Radius. A narrow portion 
 of the radius, which supports the head of the 
 bone. 
 
 CoLLTJjr ScAP'uL^, Cervix Scaj^ulm, Nech of 
 the Scap'ula, (F.) Col de I'Omojdate. A narrow 
 portion, observable below the glenoid cavity of 
 the scapula, which seems to separate it, as it 
 were, from the rest of the bone. 
 
 CoLLTJM U'teri, Cervix U'teri, Jug'ulum Uteri, 
 Nech of the Uterus, (F.) Col de la Matrice, Col 
 vterin. A narrow, cylindrical, and flattened por- 
 tion of the uterus, which terminates it inferiorly, 
 and opens into the vagina by the Os Uteri or Os 
 TinccB. This neck is perceptible on examination 
 per vaginam, until near the end of utero-gesta- 
 
 tion. As the uterus enlarges, however, it becomes 
 shorter and wider, so that a manifest difference 
 exists between its condition at seven and nine 
 months. 
 
 CoLLUM Vesi'c^, Cervix Vesi'ccB, Nech of the 
 Bladder, (F.) Col de la Vessie. The anterior 
 part of the base of the bladder, which resembles 
 the neck of a bottle, and is continuous with the 
 urethra. 
 
 COLLURIUM, Collyrium. 
 
 COLLUTIO, Gargarism. 
 
 COLLUTO'RIUM, (F.) Collutoire, from col- 
 lucre, ' to wash out.' A mouth wash. 
 
 CoLLUTORiuM Adstringexs, Mel boracis. 
 
 COLLU'VIES, from colluo, 'I cleanse.' Filth, 
 excrement. Discharge from an old ulcer. 
 
 COLLUTIES GastricA, Emharras gastrique. 
 
 COLLYR'IUM, Collu'rium, Collu'rion, (F.) 
 Collyre, from kuAuo), 'I check,' and ptu, 'I flow,' 
 or from KoWa, 'glue,' and ovga, 'tail' [?], (F.) 
 Collyre. The ancients designated, by this term, 
 a solid medicine, of a long, cylindrical shape ; 
 proper to be introduced into the vagina, anus, or 
 nostril. They are said to have given it this name 
 because it was shaped like a Rat's Tail, and be- 
 cause there entered into its composition powders 
 and glutinous matters. — Celsus, Oribasius, Scribo- 
 nius Largus. At the present day, Collyrium 
 means an application to the eye. Some are pul- 
 verulent and dry, Ophthalmempas'mata, Collyr'ia 
 sicca, but the greatest part are liquid, Hygro- 
 coUyr'ia; and receive different epithets, as as- 
 tringent, emollient, &c. The term is now little 
 more than synonymous with Eye-water. Collyria 
 are generally extemporaneous formulae. 
 
 Collyrium Bateandm, see Lotion, campho- 
 rated, of Bates — c. Siccum, see Collyrium — c. Sie- 
 cum Alexandrinum, see Alexandrine. 
 
 COLOBO'MA, KoXolSio/xa, 'any thing truncated 
 or shortened.' A mutilated or maimed organ. 
 
 Colobo'ma I'ridis, Irido-colohoma. A conge- 
 nital peculiarity of the iris, consisting in a fissure 
 of its lower portion, and a consequent prolonga- 
 tion of th-e iris to the margin of the cornea. See 
 Iridorrhagas. 
 
 COLOBO'SIS, /coXoj3u<T(s. The act of curtailing 
 or mutilating ; mutilation. 
 
 COLOCHOLO'SIS, from kuXov, 'the colon,' 
 and X"^^) 'bile.' Bilious dysentery, Dysenter'ia 
 bilio'sa. 
 
 COLOCYNTH, Cucumis colocyntbis. 
 
 COLOMBINE, COMMON, Aquilegia vulgaris. 
 
 COLOMBA, Calumba. 
 
 COLON, C. CcBcum, Monen'terum, Colum, Tntes- 
 ti'nwn majus, I. cellula'tum, I. erassum et plenum, 
 I. grande, I. laxum, Physce, (pvaKri. That portion 
 of the large intestines which extends from the 
 caecum to the rectum. It is said to have been so 
 called from KotXoi, 'hollow,' or from kw^vui, 'I 
 arrest,' because the excrements are arrested, for 
 a considerable time, in its sa,cs,—~ eel' lulcB seu 
 haustra seu loculamenta coli. The colon is 
 usually divided into four portions. 1. The right 
 lumbar or ascending, Colon dextruyn, situate in 
 the right lumbar region, and commencing at the 
 csecum. 2. Transverse colon. Colon transver' sum, 
 transverse arch of the colon, the portion of the 
 colon which crosses from the right to the left side, 
 at the upper part of the abdomen. 3. The left 
 lumbar or descending colon. Colon sinis'trum, ex- 
 tending from the left part of the transverse arch, 
 opposite the outer portion of the left kidney, to 
 the corresponding iliac fossa. 4. The Iliac colon 
 or Sigmoid flexure of the colon, (F.) Colon ilioque 
 ou 5. du colon, the portion of the intestine which 
 makes a double curvature in the left iliac fossa, 
 and ends in the rectum. 
 
COLONITIS 
 
 225 
 
 COLPOSIS 
 
 The muscular fibres, as in the caecum, are in 
 three flat stripes, Tm'nicB seu Fascim Ligamen- 
 to'scB Goli, Ta'nia Vahal'vcB seu Liganien'ta 
 coli. 
 
 Colon, Membrum — c. Inflammation of the, 
 Colitis. 
 
 Colon, Torpor of the. A disease in which 
 the muscular coat of the colon acts with deficient 
 energy ; giving occasion to distension of the in- 
 testine, which, by pressing upon the other organs, 
 may interfere so much with their functions, as to 
 lead to distressing gastric, cardiac and other dis- 
 orders. 
 
 COLOXITIS, Colitis, Dysentery. 
 
 COLONNE, Columna — c. Vertebrale, Verte- 
 bral column. 
 
 COLONXES CHARNUES, Carney Columnae 
 — c. Charnues du Cceur, Columnge carneae. 
 
 COLOPHANE, Colophonia. 
 
 COLOPHAXY, Colophonia. 
 
 COLOPHO'NIA, so called from Colophon, a 
 city of Ionia ; Phrycte, Fricta, Pix GrcBca, Re- 
 si'na nigra, CoVophany, Colophony , Blade Rosin, 
 Pitch, Brown Rosin, (F.) Colopihone, Colophane, 
 Arcanson, Brai see. The black resin which re- 
 mains in the retort, after the distillation, by 
 means of a strong fire, of common turpentine. 
 It is used like the turpentines in general, and in 
 some pharmaceutical preparations. 
 
 COLOPHONY, Colophonia. 
 
 COLOQUINTE, Cucumus colocynthis. 
 
 COLOQUINTIDA, Cucumus colocynthis. 
 
 COLOR VIRGINEUS PALLIDUS, Chlorosis 
 — c. Virginum fcedus. Chlorosis. 
 
 COLO-RECTITIS, Dysentery. 
 
 COLOSTRA, Colostrum. 
 
 COLOSTRATIO, Colostration. 
 
 C0L0STRA'TI02^, Colosfra'tio. Di.=iease in 
 new-born children, attributable to the colostrum. 
 
 COLOSTRUM, Colos'tra, Collustrum, Cohis'- 
 truyn, Troph' alis, Protog'ala, Neog'ala, Primum 
 Puer'peras lae, Pytia, Pyetia, Green Milk, (Beast- 
 lings, Beistinc/s, Beestings, Biestings or Beastings, 
 Beest, (Sc.) Beist, Beisfyn, (Prov.) Fore-milk, 
 Poad-milk, Pored milk, Povrd-w.ilk, in the cow, 
 Ac.,) from ko'Xov, 'food' [?], or from koXAo, 'glue,' 
 on account of the viscidity of the first milk. (F.) 
 Beton. The first milk after accouchement. It 
 contains more serum and butter, and less casein 
 than common milk, and seems to possess an eva- 
 cuant property, which renders it fit to aid in the 
 expulsion of the meconium. Colostrum formerly 
 meant an emulsion prepared of turpentine and 
 yolk of egg. 
 
 COLOUR-BLIlSrDNESS, Achromatopsia. 
 
 COLOURS, ACCIDENT'AL, Op'posite co- 
 lours, Complemen'tary or Harmon' ic colours, (F.) 
 Couleurs Complemeniaires. If the eye has been 
 for some time regarding a particular colour, the 
 retina becomes insensible to this colour ; and if, 
 afterwards, it be turned to a sheet of white 
 paper, the paper will not seem to be white, but 
 will be of the colour that arises from the union 
 of all the rays of the solar spectrum, except the 
 one to which the retina has become insensible. 
 Thus, if the eye be directed for some time to a 
 red wafer, the sheet of paper will seem to be of 
 a bluish-green, in a circular spot of the same di- 
 mensions as the wafer. This bluish-green image 
 is called an oc'ular spectrum, because it is im- 
 pressed upon the eye and may be retained for a 
 short time ; and the colour bluish-green, is said 
 to be the accidental colour of the red. If this 
 experiment be made with wafers of different co- 
 lours, other accidental colours will be observed, 
 varying with the colonr of the wafer employed, 
 as in the following table : — 
 15 
 
 Colour of the Accidental colour, or colour of f^ 
 
 Wafer. ocular spectrum. 
 
 Red Bluish green. 
 
 Orange Blue. 
 
 Yellow Indigo. 
 
 Green Violet with a little red. 
 
 Blue Orange red. 
 
 Indigo Orange yellow. 
 
 Violet Yellow green. 
 
 Black White. 
 
 White Black. 
 
 If all the colours of the spectrum be ranged in 
 a circle, in the proportions they hold in the spec- 
 trum itself, the accidental colour of any particu- 
 lar colour will be found directly opposite. Hence, 
 the two colours have been termed op)p>osite colours. 
 It will follow from what has been said, that if the 
 primary colour, or that to which the eye has been 
 first directed, be added to the accidental colour, 
 the result must be the same impression as that 
 produced by the union of all the rays of the spec- 
 trum — white light. The accidental colour, in 
 other words, is what the primitive colour requires 
 to make it white light. The primitive and acci- 
 dental colours are, therefore, complements of each 
 other; and hence accidental colours have also 
 been called conxplementary colours. They have 
 likewise been termed harmonic, because the pri- 
 mitive and its accidental colour harmonize with 
 each other in painting. 
 
 COLPAL'GIA, from KoXnog, 'vagina/ and 
 aXyog, 'pain.' Pain in the vagina. 
 
 COLPATRE'SIA, Ehjtratre'sia, Ancylocol'pus, 
 Atretelyt' ria, from KoXtroq, ' vagina,' and arpnTog, 
 ' without opening.' Imperforation of the vagina. 
 
 COLPEMPHRAX'IS, from koAttoj, 'vagina,' 
 and £v(ppa^i;, ' obstruction.' Obstruction of the 
 vagina by foreign bodies. 
 
 COLPEURYN'TER, Speculum vagina. The 
 same term is given by Dr. Braun to an instru- 
 ment for dilating the os uteri, and upper part of 
 the vagina. The operation is called Colpeu'rysis. 
 
 COLPITIS, Colposis. 
 
 COLPOC'ACE, JEdceoti'tis gangraino'sa, Gan- 
 grm'na genita'lium et vagi'ncB, from KoXvog, ' va- 
 gina,' and KaKog, ' evil.' Putreseency or gangrene 
 of the vagina and labia. 
 
 CoLPOCACE Infanti'lis, ^doeoti'tis grangrcB- 
 no'sa puella'rum, Ncrma pudendo' rum. Grangrene 
 or putreseency of the vagina and genitals in young 
 children. 
 
 CoLPOCACE Puerpera'rum, ^daeoti'tis Gan- 
 grcBno'sa puerpiera' rum, Tocodomycodori' tis mn- 
 lig'na vagina'lis (Ptitgen). Sloughing of the 
 vagina and genitals in puerperal women. 
 
 COLPOCELE, Elytrocele. 
 
 COLP0CYSTOTOM'IA,from (coAttoj, 'vagina,' 
 KvcTts, 'bladder,' and TOjir], 'incision.' Sectio va- 
 gi' no-vesica'lis. Lithotomy through the vagina. 
 
 COLPODESMORRAPH'IA, from Ko\:rog, 'va- 
 gina,' htdjiog, ' ligament,' and pa<pii, ' suture.' The 
 removal of a part of the mucous membrane of the 
 vagina for the radical cure of prolapsus vaginas 
 et uteri. 
 
 COLPQEDEMA, Elytroedema. 
 
 COLPOPHLEGHYMENITIS, Eneolpitis. 
 
 COLPOPTOSIS, Prolapsus vaginae. 
 
 COLPORRHA'GIA, Elytrorrha' gia, from ko\- 
 ros, 'vagina,' and prjywui, 'I break forth.' Dis- 
 charge of blood from the vagina. 
 
 COLPORRHAPHY, Elytrorrhaphy. 
 
 COLPORRHEX'IS, Rvptu'ra vagi'na, from 
 KoXr.og, 'vagina,' and pv^ig, 'rupture.' Rupture 
 of the vagina. Also, colporrhagia. 
 
 COLPORRH(EA, Leucorrhoea. 
 
 COLPOS, see Mamma; Sinus, Vagina. 
 
 COLPO'SIS. Inflammation of the vagina. 
 
COLPOSTEGNOSIS 
 
 226 
 
 COMMEMOEATIVE 
 
 Synonymous with Ehjtro'i'tis, Elytri'tia, Cole'i'tis, 
 Colpi'tis. See Leucorrhoea. 
 
 COLPOSTEGN O'SIS, Coleostegno' sis, from 
 /coXttos, 'vagina,' and o-rtyvoo), ' I close.' Atresia, 
 or obliteration of the vagina. 
 
 COLPOSTENOCHOPwIA, Coleostegnosis. 
 COLPOSYXIZESIS, Coleostegnosis. 
 COLPOT'OMY, Colpotom'ia, from ko\tos, 'va- 
 gina,' and Toixr], 'incision.' An incision of the 
 vagina in parturition. 
 
 COLT'S FOOT. Asarum Canadense, Tussilago. 
 COL'UBEPl BERUS. The systematic name 
 of the viper, Vi'jjera, (F.) Oouleuvre, Viph-e. 
 Glass, Reptilia, Ord. Ophidia. A poisonous rep- j 
 tile — the poison lying in small sacs near its teeth. 
 The flesh is innocent, and has been often taken 
 in scrofula, and in cutaneous disorders in general, j 
 but it is inefficacious. 
 
 COLUBRINA, Polygonum bistorta — c. Dra- 
 contia. Arum dracunculus — c. Lusitanica, Eu- 
 phorbia capitata — c. Virginiana, Aristoloehia ser- 
 pentaria. 
 
 COLUM, Colon. 
 
 COLUMBINE, Aquilegia vulgaris — c. "Wild, 
 Aquilegia Canadensis. 
 
 COLUMBO, Calumba — c. American, see Ca- 
 lamba — c. Marietta, see Calumba. 
 
 COLUMELLA, Pillar, Uvula — c. Cochleae, 
 Modiolus. 
 
 COLUM'NA, Column, (F.) Colonne. Anato- 
 mists use this word for parts which resemble a 
 column or pillar ; hence for the penis. 
 
 CoLTJMNA Adstans Isguisibus, Penis — c. 
 Dorsi, Vertebral column — c. Fornicis, see Fornix. 
 CoLuii'yA Nasi. The cartilaginous part of the 
 septum of the nostrils. See Nares. 
 
 CoLUMXA Oris, Uvula — c. Spinalis, Vertebral 
 column — c. Virginitatis, Hymen — c. Foraminis 
 ovalis, see Ovalis fossa — c. Valvulae Vieussenii, 
 see Valvula Vieussenii — c. Vertebralis, Vertebral 
 column. 
 
 COLUMNS BERTI'NI, Columns of Berlin. 
 Processes of the cortical substance of the kidney, 
 which extend between the pyramids of Malpighi, 
 as far as the hilus. 
 
 COLUM'NA CAR'NE^, C. Cordis, Lacer'ti 
 sen Lacer'tuli seu Fiines sea Fascie'uli ter'etes 
 Cordis, Trabes seu. Trahec'idcB Cordis, (F.) Colon- 
 nes charnues du cceiir. Small, fleshy columns, 
 which project, more or less, into the auricles and 
 ventricles of the heart, whose use appears to be 
 to prevent too great dilatation of those cavities. 
 A few of these columncR — see Musculi jiapilla' res 
 — are attached by one extremity to the walls of 
 the heart, and, by the other, give insertion to 
 chordse tendinese. See Carneous columns. 
 
 Columns CARifEiE of the Rectum, see Rectum 
 — c. Papillares, see Columnee Carnese. 
 COLUMNEA LONGIFOLIA, Bahel. 
 COLUMNS OF BERTIN, Columuas Bcrtini. 
 COLUMNS, POSTERIOR MEDIAN, OF THE 
 MEDULLA OBLONGATA, Funiculi graciles— 
 c. of Morgagni or of the Rectum, see Pi,ectum — c. 
 of the Spinal Marrow, see Vertebral Nerves. 
 COLUS JOVIS, Salvia sclarea. 
 COLUSTRUM, Colostrum. 
 COLU'TEA, C. Arbores'cens seu hirsu'ta. Sen- 
 na German'ica, Bladder Senna, (F.) Baguenaii- 
 dier, Faux Sene, Sine indigene. Ord. Legumi- 
 nosae. Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. The 
 leaves are slightly purgative, and are often mixed 
 with those of the cassia senna. 
 
 COLUVRINE DE VIE GINIE, Aristoloehia, 
 serpentaria. 
 
 COLYM'BADES, Fielded Olives. These, when 
 bruised and applied to a burnt part, were sup- 
 posed to be able to prevent vesication. — Dios- 
 corides. 
 
 COLYMBIFERA MINOR, Mentha crispa. 
 
 COMA, Seinisom'nis, Semisopi'tus, Semisopo' 
 rus, Siibeth, (Arab). A profound state of sleep, 
 from which it is extremely difficult to rouse th* 
 individual. It is a symptom which occurs in 
 many diseases. Two varieties are distinguished, 
 1. Coma vigil seu agrj/pno'des, Pervigil'iuni, 
 Vigil'icB nim'icB, Typlio'nia, Veter'nus, Veternos'- 
 itas, Agrypnoco' ma, Cams lethar'gus vigil, Ty- 
 phoma'nia, which is accompanied with delirium. 
 The patient has his eyes closed, but opens them 
 when called; and closes them again immediately. 
 This state is accompanied with considerable rest- 
 lessness. 2. Coma Somnolen'tiim, C. Comato'des ; 
 — in which the patient speaks when roused, but 
 remains silent and immovable in the intervals. 
 Coma is a deeper sleep than sopor, but less so 
 than lethargy and cams. 
 
 CoiiA, Capillus — c. Agrypnodes, see Coma — 
 c. Apoplexia, Apoplexy — c. Caesarea, Plica — c. 
 Comatodes, see Coma — c. Somnolentum, Somno- 
 lency, see Coma — c. Vigil, see Coma. 
 COMACON, Myristica mosehata. 
 COMAN'DRA UMBELLA'TA, ^asfarc^ Toat^- 
 /?aj?.- indigenous; Order, Santalacese : flowering 
 in May and June ; has been used in fevers by 
 some of the Indian tribes. 
 COMAROS, Arbutus uned^. 
 COMA'RUM PALUS'TRE, PotentiV la pains'- 
 tris. Marsh Cinque/oil. An indigenous plant. 
 Family, Rosacese, which flowers in June. It is 
 possessed of astringent virtues. 
 
 CO'MATA, from <cu/ia. Diseases characterized 
 by diminution of the powers of voluntary motion, 
 with sleep or impaired state of the senses. — ■ 
 Cullen. 
 
 COMATEUX, Comatose. 
 COMATODES, Comatose. 
 
 COM'ATOSE, Comato'des, Carot'ictui, Caro'des, 
 (F.) Comateux. Relating to or resembling coma: 
 — as comatose sleep, comatose fever, &C. 
 
 COMBUSTIBILITY, PRETERNATURAL, 
 Combustion, human. 
 
 COMBUSTIO, Burn — c. Spontanea, Combus- 
 tion, human. 
 
 COMBUS'TION, HUMAN, Sponta'neous Com- 
 bns'tion or Preternat'ural L'ombnstibil'ity, Cata- 
 cau'sis, Tachencau'sis, Ineen'dium sponta'neum, 
 Combus'tio sponta'nea, Autempresm'its, Idiapo- 
 cau'sis, Idiempre'sis, Catacau'sis ehrio'sa, (F.) 
 Combustion humaine, C. humaine spontanee ; from 
 comburere, combustum, (com, and urere, jistu-m) 'to 
 burn.' These terms have been applied to the 
 extraordinary phenomenon of a rapid destruction 
 of the human body, by being reduced to ashes 
 either spontaneously or by the contact of an 
 ignited substance. It is said to have occurred 
 in the aged, and in those that were fat and hard 
 drinkers. In such. Dr. Traill has found a con- 
 siderable quantity of oil in the serum of the blood. 
 Vicq d'Azyr, Lair, and Dupuytren think it neces- 
 sary, that the body should be placed in contact 
 with an ignited substance. Le Cat, Kopp, and 
 Marc are of opinion that this is not necessary. 
 The former appears to be the more probable view. 
 COMBUSTURA, Burn. 
 COMEDONES, see Acne. 
 COMES ARCHIATRORUM, see Exarchiater. 
 COMESTIBLE CF.), Edu'lis, from comedere, 
 'to eat.' Eatable, (F.) Edule. Esculent. "When 
 this word is used substantively, in French as in 
 English, it means solid food. 
 
 COMEZ. Half a drop.— Ruland. 
 COMFREY, Symphytum— 0. Spotted, Pulmo- 
 naria — c. Wild, Cynoglossum Virginicum. 
 COMISTE, Aliment. 
 COMMANDUCATIO, Mastication. 
 COMMEM'ORATIVE, Commemorati'vus, (F.) 
 Commemoratlf, from commemorare, {com and 
 
COMMENSUM 
 
 COMPLEXUS 
 
 memor,) 'to cause to remem'ber.' That which 
 recalls, or rather •which is recalled. 
 
 Commemorative Signs, (F.) Stgnes commemo- 
 ratifs, are those deduced from circumstances 
 which have gone before; or rather, according to 
 others, thoso which point out the preceding con- 
 dition of the patient. They are also called An- 
 amnes'tic signs. 
 
 GOMMENSUM, Symmetry. 
 
 COMxMERCIUM, Sympathy. 
 
 COM MI. Gummi. 
 
 COM' MINUTED, Comwinu'tm, from commi- 
 nnere, (com and mintio,) 'to break to pieces.' 
 (F.) Comrnintitif. A covmrimited fracture is one 
 in which the bone is broken into a number of 
 pieces. 
 
 C M M I N U'T 1 N, Comminu'tio, Th rypsis, 
 Leio'sis. Same etymon. Fracture of a bone 
 into a number of pieces. 
 
 COMMISSURA, Articulation. 
 
 CoMMissuEA Anterior Cerebri, Commissure, 
 anterior, of the Brain. 
 
 Commissu'ra Brevis. A lobule or prominence 
 of the inferior vermiform process of the cerebel- 
 lum, situate in the incisura posterior, below the 
 horizontal fissure. 
 
 CoMMissuRA Labiorum, Prostomia — c. Magna 
 cerebri, Corpus callosum — c. Maxima cerebri, 
 Corpus callosum — c. Nervea, Syndesmosis — e. 
 Ossinm carnea, Syssarcosis. 
 
 CoMjrissuRA Posterior Cerebri, Commissure, 
 posterior, of the Brain. 
 
 CoMMissoEA Simplex. A small lobule or pro- 
 minence of the superior vermiform process, near 
 the incisura posterior of the cerebellum. 
 
 COMMISSU'RAL ; same etymon as commis- 
 sure. Of or belonging to a commissure. 
 
 COM'MISSURE, Commissu'ra, Comjia'ges, Com- 
 pagina'tia, Sym'physis, Sym'bole ; from coni- 
 miUo, [com and rtiittere, missum,) ' to join together.' 
 A point of union between two parts : thus, the 
 commissures of the eyelids, lips, &c., are the an- 
 gles, which they form at the place of union. See 
 Fibres, converging. 
 
 Com'missure, Ante'rior, op the Brain^, Com- 
 missu'ra ante'rior cer'ebri, (F.) Comnnssure ante- 
 rieure du cerveau. A small medullary fasciculus, 
 situate transversely at the anterior part of the 
 third ventricle, and uniting the two hemispheres. 
 
 Commissure, Great, of the Brain, Commis- 
 su'ra Magna Cer'ebri, (F.) Grande commissure du 
 cerveau, which unites the two hemispheres for 
 some extent, is the Corpus callo'sum. 
 
 Commissure, Middle, of the Braix. A layer 
 of gray substance uniting the thalami optici. 
 
 Commissure, Oblique or Ixtercerebral, see 
 Valvula Vieussenii — c. Optic, see Chiasmus. 
 
 Commissure, Posterior of the Brain. Com- 
 missu'ra poste'rior cer'ebri. A medullary band, 
 situate at the posterior part of the third or middle 
 ventricle. 
 
 Commissure of the Uvea, Ciliary ligament. 
 
 COMMISSURE BE LA GHOBO'IDE, Cili- 
 ary ligament. 
 
 COMMO'SIS, from Koy.jio(D, 'I adorn.' The 
 art of concealing natural deformities, as by paint- 
 ing the face. See, also. Propolis. 
 
 COMMO'TICE, in the older writers, meant the 
 art of communicating factitious beauty to a per- 
 son. Painting the face ; Comopor'ia. 
 
 COMMOTIO, Motion, Concussion— c. Cerebri, 
 Concussion of the brain. 
 
 COMMOTION, Concussion— c. du Cerveau, 
 Concussion of the brain. 
 
 COMMUNICABLE, see Contagious. 
 
 COMMU'NICANS, from communis, {com and 
 »nMJiM«, 'an office,) 'common.' Conjun'gens. That 
 which communicates or establishes a communica- 
 
 tion. Communicant. There are two Arfericp 
 Commxinican'tes, both within the cranium ; — the* 
 one anterior, very short, and extending trans- 
 versely from one anterior cerebral artery to the 
 other, — the other posterior, called also Communi- 
 cans Willts'i-i, which passes from the internal 
 carotid to the posterior cerebral artery. It is a 
 branch of the basilary. 
 
 CoMMUNiCANS NoNi. A long slender nervous 
 branch, formed by filaments from the first, second 
 and third cervical nerves, which descends upon 
 the outer side of the internal jugular vein, and 
 forms a loop with the descendens noni over the 
 sheath of the carotids. 
 
 CoMMUNicANS Peronei, 866 Communicans pop- 
 litei. 
 
 Communicans Poplite'i, C. tihia'lis (nerrue.) 
 A large nerve, which arises from the popliteal, 
 and, at a variable distance below the articulation 
 of the knee, receives the communicans perone{ 
 from the peroneal nerve, — the two forming the 
 external saphenous nerve. 
 
 Communicans Tibialis, Communicans poplitei. 
 
 COMPACT, Conqjac'tus, from com and pongere, 
 pactum, ' to strike, to fix.' Solid, close. (F.; 
 Compiacte. The term Compact 'Tissue is given to 
 the hardest and closest parts of bone. 
 
 COMPAGES, Articulation, Commissure — c. 
 Ossium per Lineam Simplicem, Harmony — c. 
 Vertebrarum, Vertebral column. 
 
 COMPAGINATIO, Commissure. 
 
 COMPAS B'EPAISSETJR, see Pelvimeter. 
 
 COMPASS PLANT, Silphium laciniatum. 
 
 COMPASSIO, Sympathy. 
 
 COMPEBA, Piper cubeba. 
 
 COMPENSATION, Balancemeut. 
 
 COMPEPER, Piper cubeba. 
 
 COMPER'NIS; from com and perna, 'a gam- 
 mon of bacon with the leg on.' One who has his 
 knees turned inwards. A case of distortion of 
 the lesrs. 
 
 COMPETENTIA MEMBRORUM OMNIUM, 
 Symmetry. 
 
 COMPLAINT, Disease. 
 
 Complaint, Family, see Hereditary. 
 
 COMPLEMENTAL AIR, see Respiration. 
 
 COMPLEMENTARY AIR, see Respiration. 
 
 COMPLETIO, Plethora. 
 
 COMPLEX, Complex'iw, from com 'with,' and 
 plectere, plexus, 'to twist.' Embracing several 
 distinct things. Chatissier uses this term, in his 
 anatomical descriptions, for complicated. 
 
 COMPLEXIO, Coition, Complexio, Confusic, 
 Temperament. 
 
 COMPLEXION, Complex' io. Often em- 
 ployed, in English, for the colour of the face, 
 as " He has a good compAexion," — a "sallow com- 
 plexion," <fec. It formerly had a more extensive 
 signification, and still has in France. It signifies 
 the aggregate of physical characters presented 
 by any individual, considered with respect to his 
 external arrangement or condition. It means 
 more than constitution, for which it is used syno- 
 nymously in many cases; and differs from tem- 
 perament, which is less the external condition 
 of the body than the state or disposition of the 
 organs in health. — H. Cloquet. 
 
 COMPLEXUS, Complex. 
 
 CoMPLExus Minor, Mastoldeus latera'lis, Tra- 
 che'lo-mastdideus,(E.) TracJielo-mctsto'idien, Muscle 
 petit Complexus. It arises from the transverse 
 processes of the last four cervical vertebra, and 
 is inserted into the mastoid process. 
 
 Complexus Mus'culus, Biven'ter Cervi'cis, 
 Compilexus Major, Borso-trachelon-occipital, Tra- 
 chelo-oecipital (Ch.), (F.) Muscle grand complexus. 
 A muscle, situate at the hind part of the neck, 
 where it extends from the interval that separates 
 the two prominent ridges on the posteriflr surface 
 
COMPLICATION 
 
 228 
 
 COMPTONIA 
 
 of the OS oecipitis to the transverse and articular 1 
 processes of the last six cervical vertebrse, as 
 -well as to those of the first five dorsal, It serves 
 to straighten, incline, and turn the head. 
 
 COMPLICA'TION, Complica'tio, from com 
 'with,' and ^jZf'care, 'to fold.' In medicine, it 
 means the presence of several diseases, morhi 
 ci'inpHca'ti seu perplex'i, or of several adventi- 
 tiouscireumstances foreign to the primary disease. 
 COMPOSIT"ION, C'om2}osit"io, from compo- 
 nere, (com and ponere, ponitiim, 'to place;') 'to 
 place together.' Syn'thesis. The act of com- 
 posing or compounding, — of medicines for ex- 
 ample; lamatosyntax'is. Also, the Compound, 
 Compjos'ilum, or thing compounded. Likewise, a 
 cojnhinfitinn. 
 
 COMPOSITUM, Compound. 
 COMPOUND. Same etymology; to mix me- 
 dicines. To mingle different ingredients into 
 one whole. Used adjectively, compound signifies 
 the result of the union of several medicinal 
 agents, as " a compound medicine." 
 COMPREHENSIO, Catalepsy. 
 COMPPtENSIO, Catalepsy. 
 
 COM'PPv,ESS, Compirea'sa, Spleniiim, Spleniola, 
 Splenia'cus, Pla'gxda, Penicil'bim, Penic'tdum, 
 from comprimere, [com and pieitiere, pressvjn, 'to 
 press,') 'to press together.' (F.) Compresse. 
 Folded pieces of lint or rag, so contrived as, by 
 the aid of a bandage, to make due pressure upon 
 any part. According to their shape, direction, 
 and use, compresses have been called long ( (F.) 
 longuettes,) square [carrecs,) Iriancjular, pris- 
 matic, graduated (graduees.) split {/endues,) fene- 
 trees, crihle^s, croix de Malte, oblique, circular^ 
 dividing [divisivea,] uniting [unisantes,) cribri- 
 form, &c. 
 
 The Umschlag or compress of the hydropa- 
 thists is a cloth, well wetted with cold water, 
 applied to the surface near the supposed seat of 
 disease, securely covered with a dry cloth, and 
 changed as often as it becomes dry. It is some- 
 times covered with a layer of oiled silk, to pre- 
 vent evaporation. 
 
 GOMPRESSEUR DE DUPUYTREN, Com- 
 pressor of Dupuytren — c. du Nez, Compressor 
 nasi — c. de la Prostate, Compressor prostata;. 
 C02IPRESSIF, Compressive. 
 CUMPRESSIO, Compression, Thlipsis. 
 COMPPtES'SION, Comjvessio, Enerei'sis. 
 Same etymology. Pressure; methodical com- 
 pression. An agent frequentl}' had recourse to 
 in surgery. We compress a limb, affected with 
 oedema, varices, hydrops articuli, callous ulcer, &e. 
 The abdomen is compressed after delivery, after 
 piaraeentesis abdominis, &c. The compression is 
 produced by means of the roller, laced stocking, 
 &c., according to the part, and to the particular 
 case. Moderate pressure aids the contractility 
 of parts, and excites the action of the absorbents ; 
 so that large tumours at times disappear after it 
 has been used for some time. A greater degree 
 of pressure occasions, still more, the emaciation 
 of the part, but it is apt to impede the circula- 
 tion. Pressure is often used to stop or moderate 
 the flow of blood in cases of aneurism or wounds 
 of arteries and veins. In such cases, the com- 
 pression may be immediate, when applied upon 
 the artery itself, or it may be mediate, when ap- 
 plied through the integuments and soft parts. 
 The French use the term Comjrressinn immediate 
 Interale for that which is exerted perpendicularly 
 to the axis of a vessel, so as to flatten its sides. 
 It is practised wiih the finger, forceps, tourniquet, 
 compresses, &c. 
 
 CoMPEES'sioN OF THE Braix. This may arise 
 either from coagula of blood, a soft tumour, a 
 bony excrescence, a depressed portion of the 
 skuli, or the presence of some foreign body. The 
 
 efi"eets vary, according as the compression takes 
 place suddenly or gradually. When suddenly, 
 the sj'mptoms are of the comatose or apoplectic 
 character. When gradually, mania, convulsions, 
 &.C., are more likely to occur. Compression, 
 arising from a depressed portion of skull, requires 
 the use of the trephine. 
 
 COMPRES'SIVE, Compiressi'vus, (P.) Com- 
 pressif. That which compresses. A compressive 
 bandage is one that compresses the parts to which 
 it is applied. 
 
 COMPRES'SOR or COMPRESSO'RIUM OF 
 DUPUYTREN, (F.) Comjrresseur de Dupuytren. 
 An instrument for compressing the femoral ar- 
 tery, invented by Dupuytren. It is constructed 
 on the same principles as the tourniquet of J. L. 
 Petit, from which it only differs in this respect; — 
 that, instead of being maintained in its place by a 
 strap, which always compresses more or less the 
 circumference of the limb, the two pads are placed 
 at the extremities of a semicircle of steel, which, by 
 passing from one to the other without touching 
 the parts, limits the pressure to two opposite 
 points of the thigh, and permits the collateral 
 circulation to go on. 
 
 CoirPRESSOK Naeis, Rince'vs, Xasa'lis, Trans- 
 versa'lis Nasi, 3Iyrtiform'is, Dilatato' res ala'rum 
 nasi, Constric'tor Nasi seu Na'rium seu Naris, 
 Triangula'ris Nasi, (F.) Jfaxillo-narinal, Sus- 
 maxillo -nasal, — (Ch.,) Compressenr du nez, 
 Transversal du nez. A muscle, situate at the sides 
 of the nose; flat and triangular. It arises from 
 the inner part of the fossa canina, and passes to 
 the dorsum of the nose; where it is confounded 
 with that of the opposite side. 
 
 Compressor or Constrictor of Nl'Ck. An 
 instrument for compressing the urethra, to ob- 
 viate incontinence of urine. It consists of a 
 girdle of iron, which surrounds the pelvis, to 
 which is fixed a plate of the same metal, that 
 compresses the urethra in perinmo. 
 
 CoiiPEESSOR Peos'tat^, Prostai'icus supe'- 
 rior, Pubio-p>rostat' icus, Sub-pubio-2yrostat'icus, 
 (F.) Compressenr de la prostate. A muscle, ad- 
 mitted by Albixds, which is formed of the ante- 
 rior fibres of the Levator ani, that embrace the 
 prostate. It is the Prosiat'icus aupe'rior of 
 Wins LOW. 
 
 CoJiPRKs'soR Uee'thr^. a muscle consisting 
 of two portions — one of which is transverse in its 
 direction, and, in consequence of its having been 
 particularlj' described by Mr. Guthrie, has been 
 called Guthrie's muscle. It arises from the ramus 
 of the ischium, and passes inwards to embrace 
 the membranous urethra. The other portion is 
 perpendicular, descending from the pubis and 
 passing down to be inserted into the transverse 
 portion of the muscle; — Pu'bio-urethra'lis. This 
 portion has been considered by many to be only 
 the anterior fibres of the levator ani; and having 
 been described by Mr. Wilson, it has been called 
 Wilson's muscle. 
 
 CoMPEEssoE Yen^ Dorsa'lis Penis. A small 
 muscle, distinctly seen in animals, less distinctly 
 in man, which arises from the ramus of the pubis, 
 and ascending in a direction forwards is inserted 
 above the vena dorsalis, joining with its fellow 
 of the opposite side on the mesial line. Its use 
 is supposed to compress the vein in erection. It 
 is sometimes called the muscle of Houston, after 
 Dr. Houston of Dublin. 
 
 COMPRESSORIUM, Compressor. 
 COMPTO'NIA ASPLENIFO'LIA, Liquidam'- 
 bar peregri'na seu asplenifo'lia, dfyo'ica aspleni- 
 fo'lia, Siceet Fern, Shrubby Siceet Pern, Sweet 
 bush, Pern bush, Fern gale, Spleenicort bush, 
 3{eadow fern, Astringent root. An indigenous 
 shrubby plant, which grows in sandy or stony 
 woods from New England to Virginia. It pos- 
 
COMPUNCTIO 
 
 2 2 9 
 
 CONCUSSION 
 
 sesses tonic and astringent properties, and is used 
 as a domestic remedy in diarrhoea, &c., in tiie 
 form of decoction. 
 
 COMPUNCTIO, Paracentesis, Puncturing. 
 
 CON.ESTHESIS, CoenEesthesis. 
 
 CONARIUM, Pineal gland. 
 • CONATUS, Effort. 
 
 CONCARNATIO, Syssnrcosis. 
 
 CONOASSER, (F.), from eonqnassare, {com 
 and qiiassare, 'to shake much,') 'to break to 
 pieces;' 'to comminute.' To reduce roots, woods, 
 &a. into small fragments, in order that their ac- 
 tive principles may be more readily separated 
 from them. 
 
 CONCAU'SA, Concaus'sa, (com and causa,) 
 SyncR'tioH. A cause which co-operates with an- 
 other, in the production of disease. 
 
 CONCAVITAS CONCHULARIS CEREBRI, 
 Infundibulum of the brain. 
 
 CONCAVUM PEDIS, Sole. 
 
 CONCENTRAN'TIA, from com and centrum, 
 'a centre.' A name once given to absorbents of 
 acids. 
 
 CONCENTRA'TION. Concentra'tio. A word 
 sometimes used, in medical theories, to express 
 an afflux of fluids, or a convergence of sensibility 
 or of vital force, towards an organ. It is applied, 
 also, to the pulsation of arteries, when not easily 
 felt under the finger. ^ 
 
 POULS CONCENTRE, (F.) A term ap- 
 plied by the French to a pulse of the above 
 
 CONCEPTACULA SEMINARIA, Vesicul^ 
 semin arias. 
 
 CONCEPTACULUM, Uterus, Vessel. 
 
 CONCEPTIO, Conception — c. Vitiosa, Preg- 
 nancy, extra-uterine. 
 
 CONCEP'TION, Ooncep'fio, Concey/tus, Cye'- 
 sis, Syllep'sis, Androlep'sid, from coiicipio, (com 
 and capio,) 'I conceive.' The impregnation of 
 the ovum by the positive contact of the male 
 sperm, whence results a new being. The whole 
 subject of conception is most mysterious. It 
 seems to occur as follows. During the sexual 
 union, the male sperm passes along the uterus 
 and Fallopian tubes: the fimbriated extremities 
 of the latter seize hold of the ovarium ; and the 
 sperm in this manner comes in contact with a 
 maturated ovum, and impregnates it. The fe- 
 cundated ovum remains some time in the ovarium, 
 but at length bursts its covering, is laid hold of 
 by the fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian 
 tubes, and passes along the tube into the cavity 
 of the uterus, where it remains for the full period 
 of utero-gestation. Some are of opinion, that 
 the ovum is not impregnated until it has entered 
 the Fallopian tube, or uterus. 
 
 Concep'tion, False, Falsus Concep'tits, Spu'- 
 rium f/ermen, (F.) Fausse Conception, Faux germe. 
 An irregular, preternatural conception, the result 
 of which is a mole or some similar production, 
 instead of a properly organized foetus. See Mole. 
 
 CONCEP'TUS. The first rudiments of the 
 foetus, after conception. Also, conception. 
 
 CoNCEPTUS Falsus, Conception, false. 
 
 CONCHA, Conchus, Koy^v, ' a concave shell.' 
 A liquid measure, amongst the Athenians, equal 
 to half an ounce. Anatomists apply this term to 
 several hollow parts of the body; — as the Concha 
 of the Ear, — Concha Auris, Concha Auric' ulm ; 
 (F.) Conque — the hollow part of the cartilage of 
 the external ear. It has, also, been applied to 
 the genital organs of the female; to the pa- 
 tella, &c. 
 
 Concha, Patella, Turbinated bone (middle,) 
 Vulva — c. Auris interna. Cochlea — c. Cerebri, 
 Infundibulum of the brain — c. Genu, Patella — c. 
 Inferior, Turbinated bone, (inferior) — c. Laby- 
 rinthi, Cochlea — c. Morgagniana, Turbinated 
 
 bone, (superior) — c. Narium superior, Turbinated 
 bone, (superior.) 
 
 CONCHA NARIUM, Turbinated bones — c. 
 Veneris, Turbinated bones. _ 
 
 CONCHA'RUM ANTIFEBRI'LE. A febri- 
 fuge and sudorific preparation in Bates's Pharma- 
 copoeia. It was composed of vinegar, mussel- 
 shells, and water of Carduus benedictus. 
 
 CONCHO-IIELIX. A small, fleshy fascicu- 
 lus, attached to the concha of the ear and helix. 
 It is also called the small muscle of the helix. 
 
 CONCHUS, Concha. The cranium. In the 
 plural, it means the orbitar cavities. — Castelii. 
 
 Conchus Ocoli, Orbit. 
 
 CONCHYLIA, Turbinated bones. 
 
 CONCIDENTIA, Collapse. 
 
 CONCILIA CORPORALIA, Coition. 
 
 CONCIL'IUM. A milky plant, referred to by 
 Pliny as aphrodisiac and antiphthisical. Adanson 
 considers it to be a Camjxinula. 
 
 CONCOCTED, Concoc'tns, lUatura'tus, Pepei'- 
 rus ; from con and coquere, 'to boil.' Brought to 
 maturity: ripe; concocted; digested. 
 
 CONCOCTIO. Coction— c. Tarda, Dyspepsia. 
 
 CONCOCTION. Coction. 
 
 C0NC02JBRE ORDINAIRE, Cucumis sati- 
 vus — c. Sauvnge, Momordica elaterium. 
 
 CONCOMITANS, Concomitant. 
 
 CONCOM'ITANT, Coneom'itans, from con and 
 comitnre, (itself from comire — cum and ire,) 'to 
 go with.' That which accompanies. A symjjtom 
 which accompanies others. 
 
 CONCREMATIO, Calcination. 
 
 CONCRExMENTA ZOOHYLICA, see Zoo- 
 hylioa. 
 
 CONCREMENTUM, Concretion. 
 
 C ON ORE T 10, Adherence, Concretion — c. 
 Palpebrarum cum bulbo oculi, Symblepharosis. 
 
 CONCRE'TION, Concre'tio, Concremen'tam, 
 from concrescere, concretum, [con and creseere,) 
 'to condense, thicken, become solid:' Pexis, 
 Sympex'is, Trr/^tg, avjivrj^ig. The act of becoming 
 thick or solid. It was once used synonj^mously 
 with adhesion or growing together — as, "concre- 
 tion of the toes." Most commonly, it is applied 
 to extraneous and inorganic bodies, of a solid 
 character, met with in different textures, after 
 certain chronic inflammations; or which make 
 their appearance in the joints or in the reservoirs 
 for excrementitial fluids. Concretion is, there- 
 fore, frequently synonymous with Calculus, and 
 is then rendered, in Latin, by the word Concre- 
 rnentum. But Concretion has a more extensive 
 signification than Calculus; thus, accidental ossi- 
 fications or deposits of phosphate of lime in cer- 
 tain organs, and especially in the liver and lungs, 
 are properly called osseous concretions. They 
 could not well be called osseous calculi. 
 
 Concretion, Fibrinous, Sanguineous, Po- 
 LYPiFORjr, or Polypous, of the Heart, see Poly- 
 pus — c. Intestinalis, Calculus of the Stomach and 
 Intestines. 
 
 CONCRETIONES ALVIN^, Calculi of the 
 stomach nud intestines. 
 
 CONCUBITUS, Coition— c. Venerous, Coition. 
 
 CONCUR'SUS, from concurrere, {con, and cur- 
 rere, cursum, 'to run,') 'to meet together,' Syn'- 
 drome. The congeries or collection of symptoms, 
 which constitute and distinguish a particular dis- 
 ease. 
 
 CONCUS'SION, Commo'tion, from concutio, 
 concussum, (co;i and quatere, 'to shake,') 'I shake 
 together.' Concus'sio, Thlasma Concus'sio, Gom- 
 mo'tio, Anasis'mus, Tinagmus, (F.) Commotion. 
 In Surgery, it is used for the agitation often com- 
 municated to one organ by a fall upon another; 
 as to the brain from a fall on the breech, <te. 
 
 In all severe injuries, in sudden encephalic 
 hemorrhage, and in overwhelming emotions, a 
 
CONDENSANTIA 
 
 230 
 
 CONFECTIO 
 
 concussion or shocJc is felt to a greater or less ex- 
 tent in the nervous system, which requires the 
 careful attention of the physician. 
 
 Concussion of the Brain, Commo'tio Ger'ehri, 
 Apoplex'ia nervo'sa traumat'ica, Encephalosia'- 
 mas, (F.) Commotion du Cerveau, sometimes gives 
 rise to alarming symptoms, even to abolition of 
 the functions of the brain, yet witliout any sen- 
 sible organic disease. Slight concussion of the 
 brain, called stunning, consists in vertigo, tinnitus 
 aurium, loss of memory, and stupefaction; all 
 these being temporary. When more severe, there 
 is instant loss of sensation and volition, vomiting, 
 the patient being as if in a sound sleep, but there 
 is no stertorous breathing. Pulse variable, gene- 
 rally more rapid and feeble than in compression ; 
 extremities cold. Little can be done here, till 
 reaction has occurred: after this, the case must 
 be treated according to general principles, — by 
 bleeding, blisters, cold applied to the head, &e. 
 After severe concussion, a patient, although ap- 
 parently vfell, is not safe till some time after the 
 accident. 
 
 CONDENS AN 'T I A, from co?i and densus, 
 'dense;' Incra-asan'tia. Medicines esteemed 
 proper for inspissating the humours. 
 
 CONDENSATIO, Condensation, Stegnosis. 
 CONDENSA'TION, Gondensa'tio, Inspissa'tio. 
 Increase in density of the blood and other liquids, 
 or of the solids, which enter into the composition 
 of the human body. 
 
 CONDENSER, see Alembic. 
 Conden'ser, Liebig's. a distillatory arrange- 
 ment, invented by Liebig, in which the tube con- 
 veying the vapour is made to pas? through an- 
 other tube, the calibre of which is such as to 
 leave a space between the two, through which a 
 stream of water may be made to run. 
 
 CON'DIMENT, Condimen'tum, Ar'tyma, He- 
 dtju'ma, Conditu' ra, from condire, 'to season.' 
 (F.) Assaissonnement. Some substances are called, 
 at times, aliments, and at others, condiments, ac- 
 cording as they constitute the basis or the acces- 
 sory to any dish : such are cream, butter, mush- 
 rooms, olives, <fcc. Others are always condiments, 
 as they are only used to improve the savour of 
 food, and contain but little nutritive matter. Such 
 are pepper, salt, cinnamon, ifec. Almost all con- 
 diments are possessed of stimulant properties. 
 CONDIT, Confectio. 
 
 CONDI'TUM, same etymon. A pharmaceu- 
 tical compound of wine, honey, and some aro- 
 matics, especially pepper. Also, a confection. 
 CONDITURA CADAVERUM, Embalming. 
 COiSTDOM, Armour, (F.) Bandruch.e, lledin- 
 (jote Anglaise, Gant des TJames, Galotte d'cissn- 
 rance, Peau divine. The intestinum esecum of a 
 sheep, soaked for some hours in water, turned 
 inside out, macerated again in weak, alkaline ley, 
 changed every twelve hours, and scraped care- 
 fully to abstract the mucous membrane, leaving 
 the peritoneal and muscular coats exposed to the 
 vapour of burning brimstone, and afterwards 
 washed with soap and water. It is then blown 
 up, dried, cut to the length of seven or eight 
 inches, and bordered at the open end with a 
 riband. It is drawn over the penis prior to coi- 
 tion, to prevent venereal infection and pregnancy. 
 It received its name from its proposer. Dr. Con- 
 dom. 
 
 CONDUCTIO, Tonic spasm, Convulsion. 
 ^ CONDUCTION, VIBRATIONS OF, see 
 Sound. 
 
 CONDUCTOR, Direc'tor, Itinera' rium, (F.) 
 Gonductenr ; from con, 'with,' and ducere, duc- 
 t'lm, 'to lead.' That which conducts. The Con- 
 ductor was an instrument, formerly used in the 
 high operation for the stone, for directing the 
 forceps into the bladder. 
 
 CONDUIT, Canal — c, Auditif externe, Audi- 
 tory canal, external — c. Auditif interne, Auditory 
 canal, internal — c. Auricidaire, Auditory canal, 
 external — c. Gholedoque, Choledoch duct — c. J9e- 
 ferent, Deferens — e. d' Eustache, Eustachian tube 
 — c. Gutturale de Voreille, Eustachian tube — c. La- 
 hyrinthique, Auditory canal, internal — c. Ptery- 
 goidien. Pterygoid canal — c. de la Pudeur, Vagina 
 — c. Sonsorhitaire, Suborbitar canal — c. Sperma- 
 tique, Deferens (vas) — e. Thoracique, Thoracic 
 duct — e. Vidie7i, Pterygoid canal. 
 
 CONDUITS ADIPEUX, Fatty canals — c. 
 Aquenx, see Aqueous — c. Aveugles de I'urethre, 
 see Csecus — c. Dentaires, Dental canals — c. Eja- 
 culateurs, Ejaculatory ducts — c. Lacrymaux, La- 
 chrymal ducts — c. Lactiferes, Lactiferous vessels 
 — c. Nourriciers, Canals, nutritive — e. Nutriciers, 
 Canals, nutritive. 
 
 CONDYLARTHRO'SIS, from icovivUs, 'a con- 
 dyle,' and apOpov, 'a joint.' Articulation by con- 
 dyles. An elongated head or condyle, received 
 into an elliptical cavity. 
 
 CON'DYLE, Con'dyle, Con'dylus, Capit'ulnm, 
 from KovSvXoi, 'a knot, eminence.' An articular 
 eminence, round in one direction, flat in the other. 
 A kind of process, met with more particularly in 
 the ginglymoid joints; — such as the condyles of 
 the occipital, inferior maxillary bone, &c. Some 
 anatomists have applied the term, however, to 
 eminences that are not articular, — as to the late- 
 ral tuberosities at the inferior extremity of the os 
 humeri, and even to certain depressions, — as to 
 the concave articular surfaces at the upper extre- 
 mity of the tibia.. Chaussier calls the transverse 
 reot of the zygomatic process Condyle of the tem- 
 poral bone. 
 
 CONDYLI DIGITORUM MAN US, Phalanges 
 of the fingers. 
 
 CONDYLIEN, see Condyloid Foramina. 
 
 CONDYLIUS, Condyloid. 
 
 CON'DYLOID, GondyloVdeus, Condylo'des, 
 Condyl'ins, from Koviv^^oi, 'a condyle,' and ti&j, 
 'shape.' Having the shape of a condyle. 
 
 Condyloid Foram'ixa, Foram'ina Condylo'idea, 
 (F.) Trous condyldidiens. Fosses condylo'idiennes. 
 They are distinguished into anterior and poste- 
 rior. They are four in number, seated in the 
 occipital bone; — two anterior, and two posterior 
 to the condyles or condyloid pjrocesses of the 
 same bone, and to depressions, which are called 
 FosscB GondyloidecE. 
 
 As the word Condylo'idien means, 'that which 
 has the shape of a condyle,' it has been judi- 
 ciously proposed by some French anatomists that 
 condylien should be used in preference, in the 
 cases of the foramina and fossae. 
 
 CONDYLOiDIEN, see Condyloid Foramina. 
 
 CONDYLO'MA, Gondylo'sis, Con'dylus, Ver- 
 ru'ca carno'sa, from KovivXos, 'a knot,' 'an emi- 
 nence.' A soft, fleshy excrescence, of an indolent 
 character, which appears near the orifice of the 
 genital organs and rectum, and occasionally on 
 the fingers and toes. It is a consequence of the 
 syphilitic virus. Such tumours are also called 
 Dermoph i/'niatn vene'rea. 
 
 CONDYLOSIS, Condvloma. 
 
 CONDYLES, Condyloma. 
 
 CONEFLOWER, Rudbeckia laciniata — c. 
 Purple, Echinacea purpurea. 
 
 CONFINE, see Conium. 
 
 CONESSI CORTEX, Nerium antidysenteri- 
 cum. 
 
 CONFECTIO, Gonfec'tion, from conficio, con- 
 feetum, (con and /acere, 'to make,') 'I make up.' 
 Alig'ulus, (F.) Confix, Confiture, Gondit. In gene- 
 ral, it means anything made up or preserved with 
 sugar. In the Pharmacopoeias of the United 
 States, London, and Dublin, it includes the arti- 
 
CONFECTIO 
 
 231 
 
 CONFECTIO 
 
 eles before called electuaries and conserves. Con- 
 fec'tio or Confec' turn also means Confectionary. 
 
 CoNFECTio Alkermes, Alkermes. 
 
 CoNrECTioAMYGDALA'ROM, C. Amyg' dalcB, Con- 
 serva amygdala' rum, Almond Confection, Almond 
 Paste, Pasta re'gia sen Amygdali'na seu Emul- 
 si'va, Bitty'rum Amygdala' rum Dul'cium, (F.) 
 Confection d'Amandes. (Sweet almonds, ,^viij ; 
 gum acacia, ^j ; white sugar, ,^iv. Blancb the 
 almonds, and beat into a paste.) A good mode 
 of keeping almonds in a state fit for making 
 emulsions. 
 
 CoNPECTio Archig"eni, C. PauU'na. (Castor, 
 long pepper, black pepper, storax, galhanum, 
 costus, opium, of each ^ss; saffron, 3i'J ! syrup 
 of wormwood, 3'j-) It ^'3S much recommended 
 as a stimulant in nervous affections. 
 
 CoNFECTio Aromat'ica, C. Cardi'aca seu Ha- 
 leigka'na, Electua'rium Aromat'icum, Aromatic 
 Confection, Sir Walter Raleigh's Cordial. The 
 following is the formula, (Ph. U. S.): Pulv. aro- 
 mat. .^vss ; croci, in pulv. ^ss ; syru2>. aurant. 
 ^vj ; 3Iel despumat. ^ij. Rub the aromatic 
 powder with the saffron; then add the syrup and 
 honey, and beat together until thoroughly mixed. 
 Dose, 9j to 3J. 
 
 CoNFECTio AtJRANTlo'KTJir, C. Auran'tii Oor'- 
 ticis, (Ph. U. S.), Conser'va Cor'tieum Auraniio'- 
 rum seu Cor'ticis Exterio'ris Aurantii Hispalen'- 
 s-is seu Flaved'inis Corticum Aurantiorum Hispa- 
 len'sium seu AuraiUii seu Citri Aurantii, Confec- 
 tion of the Orange, Conserve of Orange Peel. 
 ( Yellow part of the peel of the orange, tbj ; rec- 
 tified sugar, ft)iij ; beat into a conserve.) It is 
 Stomachic, and an agreeable vehicle, corrigent, 
 and adjuvant for other remedies. Dose, ^ss. 
 
 CoNFECTio Cardiaca, Confectio aromatica. 
 
 CoNFECTio Cas'si^, Conserva cassice, Electua'- 
 rium CassicB Fis'tulce seu Cassim seu e Cassia seu 
 IcLxati'vum seu Cassice tamarinda'tnm seu leniti'- 
 vum seu e Cassia, Diacas'sia cum Manna, Cassia 
 Confection. (Cassia pulp, Ktss; manna, ,^ij ; 
 tamarind pulp, ^j ; syrup of roses, f^viij. 
 Bruise the manna, dissolve by heat, mix the 
 pulp, and evaporate. — (Ph. L.) It is gently laxa- 
 tive. Dose, ^ss. 
 
 Confec'tio Cat'echu Compos'itum, Electua'- 
 rium Catechu, Compound Confec'tion of Catechu. 
 (Pidv. catechu comp. ^v (avoirdupois); Syrup. 
 f^v, mix. (Ph. D.) The Edinburgh confection 
 is formed of catechu and Icino, each ^iv; cinna- 
 mon and nutmeg, each §j ; opium, diffused in a 
 little sherry, _^iss ; Syrup of Bed Roses, of the 
 consistence of honey, Oiss (Imp. meas.): mixed 
 and thoroughly beaten together. A grain of 
 opium is contained in about 200 grains of the 
 mass. Dose, as an astringent, ^ss to ^j- 
 
 Confectio Damocratis, Mithridate. 
 
 Confectio Hamec — so called from an Arabian 
 physician — was composed of the bark of the 
 yellow myrobalans, black myrobalans, violets, pulp 
 of colocynth, polypodium of the oak, leaves of 
 roormwood, thyme, aniseed, fennel, red roses, pulps 
 of prunes, raisins, sugar, honey, senna, rhubarb, 
 &c. It was used as a purgative in glysters. 
 
 Confectio Hyacin'thi, Hy'acinth Confection, 
 Electua'rium seu Confec'tio de Croco enienda'ta 
 olim dicta de hyacin'this, (Ph. P.) A tonic and 
 slightly astringent confection, composed, accord- 
 ing to Baume, of terra sigillata, crabs' stones, 
 cinnamon, leaves of the dittany of Crete, myrrh, 
 saffron, syrup of lemon, campihor, Narbonne honey, 
 oil of lemon, &c. : and formerly the hyacinth was 
 added, whence its name. 
 
 Confectio O'pii, C. opia'ta, Electua'rium Opia'- 
 tum seu O'pii, Philo'nium Londinen'se seu Rotna'- 
 nmn, Theriaca Edinen'sis, Electua'rium Theba'- 
 icum, Opium Confection, ( Opium, in powder, 
 .^ivss; Pulv. aromat. ^vj; Mel despumat, §xiv; 
 
 mix thoroughly. One grain of opium in 36: — 
 Ph. U. S.) It is narcotic and stimulant. Dose, 
 gr. x to 9j. 
 
 Confectio Paulina, Confectio Archigeni — c. 
 ex Capitibus papaveris, Diacodium. 
 
 Confectio Pip'eris, C. Piperis nigri, Electua'- 
 rium Piperis, Ward's Paste for Fis'tula. (Black 
 pepj)er, elecampane root, each ft)j ; fennel seed, 
 Ibiij ; honey and sugar, each Ibij, (Ph. U. 8.) 
 Dose, size of a nutmeg, three or four times a 
 day. 
 
 Confectio Raleighana, Confectio aromatica. 
 
 Confectio Ros^, C. Roscb Gal'licce seu Rosce 
 rubrcB, Conser'va Roscb seu Roscb GoI'Hccb seu 
 Flortim Rosa'rum Rubra'rum seu Florum Rosa 
 BubrcB, Rhodosac'charnm, Sac'charum Rosa'ce- 
 um. Confection of the Red Rose. (Red roses, in 
 powder, ^iv; i^K^a;', in powder, ^xxx ; Clarified 
 honey, ^vj ; Rose ivater, f^^viij. Rub the roses 
 with the rose water at a boiling heat; then add 
 gradually the sugar and honey, and beat until 
 thoroughly mixed. — Ph. U. S.) It is astringent, 
 and chiefly used as a vehicle for other remedies. 
 
 Confectio Ros^e Cani'n^, Conser'va Rosce 
 Cani'ncB seu Rosce Fructus seu Cynos'bati seu 
 Cynor'rhodi, Rob Cynos'batos, Confection or Con- 
 serve of Dog Rose. (Pulp of dog rose, Ibj ; sugar, 
 ^xx. Incorporate. Ph. L.) It is chiefly used 
 as a vehicle for other remedies. 
 
 Confectio RuTjE, Confection of Rue. (Rue 
 leaves, dried, carraway seeds, bay berries, of each 
 ^iss; sagapenum, ^iv ; black pepper, '^\y, honey, 
 gxvj. Mix. — Ph. L.) It is given in clysters, as 
 an antispasmodic and carminative. 
 
 Confectio de San'talis, Confection of the 
 Sanders, (F.) Confection de Sandaux. (Sandal 
 ■wood, red coral, bole armeniac, terra sigillata, 
 kermes berries, tormentil root, dittany, saffron, 
 myrtle, red roses, calcined hartshorn, and cloves.) 
 It was formerly used as an astringent. 
 
 Confectio Scammo'nii, Electua'rium Scammo'- 
 nii seu e Scammo'nio, Caryocost'inum, Confection 
 of Scam'mony. (Powdered scammony, 3^^^> 
 bruised cloves, poiodered ginger, aa J^'j ! "'^ "f 
 carraway, ^is; syrup of roses, q. s. — Ph. L.) A 
 stimulating cathartic. Dose, gss to ^j- 
 
 Confectio Senn^, Electua'rium Cassia Sennce, 
 E. Sennce cum Pulpis seu Sennce compos'itum seu 
 ape'riens seu cathol'icnm commu'ne seu diapru'- 
 num seu eccoprot'icum seu Sennce seu e Senna seu 
 leniti'vum, Benedic'tum Laxati'vum, Confection 
 of Senna, Len'itive Elec'tuary.&Q.. (Senna leaves, 
 ^ viij ; figs, Ibj ; tamarind pulp, cassia pulp, pulp 
 of French prunes, each Ibss ; coriander seed, ^iv ; 
 liquorice root, ,^iij ; sugar, tbiiss ; water, Oiv. 
 Rub the senna and coriander together : 'separate 
 10 ounces of the powder with a sieve ; boil the 
 residue with the figs and liquorice root in the 
 water to one-half; press out the liquor and strain. 
 Evaporate the liquor by means of a water bath 
 to a pint and a half; add the sugar, and form a 
 syrup. Rub the pulps with the syrup, gradually 
 added; throw in the sifted powder, and beat till 
 thoroughly mixed. — Ph. U. S.) It is a laxative, 
 and is used in habitual constipation, and in con- 
 stipation during pregnancy. Dose, ^ss to ,^ss. 
 
 Confectio Sdlph'uris, Confection of Sulphur. 
 (Sulphur, snblim. ^ij ; Potass. Bitart. ^j ; Mel. 
 despumat. ^^j ; Syrup. Zingib. Syrup Croci, aa 
 f^ss. M. — Ph. D.) As a laxative and altera- 
 tive. Dose, 5J to ^ij. 
 
 Confectio TEREBiNTH'iNiE, Confec'tion of Tur'- 
 pentine. (01. Tereb. f3J ; Pulv. Glyeyrrhiz. ^'y, 
 Mel. despumat. ^ij. — Ph. D.) An agreeable 
 mode of administering turpentine. Dose, a scru- 
 ple to a drachm. 
 
 Confectio de Thure, Frank'incense Confec- 
 tion, (F.) Confection d'Encens. A compound of 
 coriander seeds, nutmeg, thus, liquorice, mastich, 
 
CONFECTION 
 
 232 
 
 CONGLOBATE 
 
 culehs, prepared hartshorn, conserve of red roses, 
 sugar, &c. 
 
 CONFECTION, Confectio — c. d'Amandes, Con- 
 fection, almond — c. of Catechu, compound, Con- 
 fectio catechu compositum — c. d'Encens, Confectio 
 de Thure — c. Frankincense, Confectio de Thure 
 c. of the Orange, Confectio aurantiorum — c. of 
 the Red rose, Confectio rosse Gallicse — c. of Rue, 
 Confectio rutas — c. de Sandaux, Confectio de san- 
 talis — c. of the Sanders, Confectio de santalis — c. 
 of Sulphur, Confectio sulphuris ■'^ c. of Turpen- 
 tine, Confectio terebinthinse. 
 CONFECTUM, Confection. 
 CONFERVA HELMINTHOCORTOS, Coral- 
 Una Corsicana. 
 
 Confer'ta Rita'lis. This species of Biver 
 Weed has been recommended in cases of spas- 
 modic asthma, phthisis, &c. 
 
 CONFINEMENT, Parturient state. 
 CONFIRMANTIA, Tonics. 
 CONFIRMED, Consummatus. 
 CONFIT, Confectio. 
 CONFITURE, Confectio. 
 
 CON'FLUENT, Con'fluens, from con, and flu- 
 ere, 'to flow,' 'Running together.' An epithet 
 for certain exanthematous affections, in which the 
 pimples, pustules, &c., run together. It is par- 
 ticularly applied to small-pox, so circumstanced. 
 Some authors have called scarlatina or scarlet 
 fever Confluent Bleasles, llorbil'li Confluen'tes. 
 
 CONFLUENT BES SINUS, Torcular Hero- 
 phili. 
 
 CONFLUEN'TIA, Confoedera'tio ; same ety- 
 mon as Confluent. A term, employed by Para- 
 celsus to express the concordance between a dis- 
 ease and its remedies. 
 
 CONFLUXIO, Sympathy. 
 CONFCEDERATIO, Confluentia. 
 CONFORMATIO, Conformation, Structure. 
 CONFORMA'TION, Conforma'tio, Diap'lasis, 
 Diaplas'mus, Structure, from conformare, [con, 
 and formare, fonnatum, 'to form,') 'to arrange,' 
 'dispose.' The natural disposition or arrange- 
 ment of the body. 
 
 Faulty conformation, (P.) Vice de conformation, 
 is vice of original formation ,• existing, of course, 
 from birth. In French surgery. Conformation is 
 used synonymously with Coaptation, and both it, 
 Diaplasis and Anaplasis mean, also, restoration 
 to the original form — as in fractures, &c. 
 CONFORTANTIA, Tonics. 
 CONFORTATIVA, Tonics. 
 CONFORTER (F.), Confirma're, Conforta're, 
 Gorrohora're, {con, and fortis, 'strong.') To 
 make stronger — to give energy. Conforter I'es- 
 lomac, 'to strengthen the stomach.' 
 
 CONFRICA'TION, Confrica'tio, from confri- 
 care, (con, a.nd fricare, fricatum,) 'to rub.' The 
 action of reducing a friable substance to powder, 
 by rubbing it between the fingers ; and of ex- 
 pressing the juice of a plant with the hand. 
 
 CONFRICA'TRIX, from con, 'with,' and fri- 
 care, fricatum, 'to rub.' A female who practises 
 masturbation. 
 
 CONFU'S^ FEBRES. Intermittents, whose 
 paroxysms are irregular and confused. — Bellini. 
 
 CONFU'SIO, from confundo, [con and fundere, 
 fusum, 'to pour,') 'I mix together;' Syn'chisis. 
 A disease of the eye, which consists in the mix- 
 ture of the humours. — Galen. In modern times, 
 Synchysis has been applied to a morbid state of 
 the vitreous body, in which it is reduced to a 
 diflSuent condition. Occasionally, sparkling bo- 
 dies are perceptible, which seem to be seated be- 
 hind the crystalline, in the vitreous humour: 
 hence, the disease has been called KjnirMing syn- 
 chysis or spiinthero'pia, from awivdrip, 'a spark,' 
 and w^', 'the eye;' (F.) Spintheropie, Scintille- 
 
 ment de I'oeil. Confusio has, also, been used sy- 
 nonymously with Gomplexio. 
 
 CONFUSIONES ANIMI, Affections of the 
 mind. 
 
 CONGEE DISCHARGES, Rice-water dis- 
 charges. 
 
 CONGELANTIA, Congelativa. 
 CONGELATIO, Catalepsy. 
 CONGELA'TION, Congela'tio, Conglacia'tio, 
 Gela'tio, from congelo, {con, and gelare, gelatuni,) 
 'I congeal,' 'I freeze.' The action of congealing, 
 of passing to the solid state by the abstraction of 
 heat; as congelation of water, mercury, &c. The 
 term had once other acceptations. 1. It was sy- 
 nonymous with concretion. 2. With coagulation, 
 in which sense it is still occasionally employed. 
 3. The ancients called all diseases, produced by 
 cold, congelations, as well as those in which thero 
 was a kind of stupor or torpor — particularly cata- 
 lepsy. Also, Frostbite, (Prov.) Keenhite. 
 
 Congelation of a part, by the application of 
 powdered ice or of a freezing mixture, in a blad- 
 der or gauze bag, has been employed to induce 
 anaesthesia in the lesser surgical operations. It 
 has also been used in external inflammation. 
 
 CONGELATI'VA MEDICAMEN'TA, Gon- 
 glutinan'tia, Congelan'tia. Medicines, considered 
 capable of uniting or consolidating wounds, &c. 
 
 CON'GENER, Congenerous, from con, and 
 genus, generis, 'kind.' (F.) Congenere. Of the 
 same kind or species. Resembling each other in 
 some manner. When applied to muscles, it 
 means, that they concur in the same action ; in 
 opposition to the word antagonist, or that which 
 acts in an opposite direction. 
 
 In France Gongeneres is applied to those who 
 join in the dissection of the same subject. 
 CONGENIAL, Congenital. 
 CONGENIALIS, Congenital. 
 CONGENITA NOT^, Nsevus. 
 CONGEN'ITAL, Con'genite, Gongema'lis, Con- 
 gen'itus, Syngen'icns, from con, and genitus, ' be- 
 gotten.' (F.) Congenial ou Congenital. Diseases 
 which infants have at birth: hence. Congenital 
 affections are those that depend on faulty confor- 
 mation ; as congenital hernia, congenital cataract, 
 &o. See Connate. 
 
 CONGESTED, Hypersemic. 
 CONGESTIO, Congestion — c. Abdominalis, 
 Coelisemia — c. Pectoris, Stethsemia — c. Pulmo- 
 num, Stethsemia — c. Sanguinis, Congestion. 
 
 CONGES'TION, Gonges'tio, Rhope, from con- 
 gerere, {con, and gerere, gestum, 'to carry,') 'to 
 amass,' 'accumulate,' &c. Symph'ora, Hmmate- 
 pago'ge, Hmmatosymphore' sis, McBmatosynago'ge, 
 HcBinorme'sis, Symphore'ma, Symphore'sis, Syna- 
 throis'mus, Synathroe' sis, San'guinis Gonges'tio, 
 Engorgement. Accumulation of blood — hypercB- 
 mia — in an organ. It is an important symptom 
 in febrile and other disorders. It may arise either 
 from an extraordinary flow of blood by the arte- 
 ries, or from a diflSculty in the return of blood to 
 the heart by the veins. More often, perhaps, it 
 is owing to the latter cause, and is termed venous 
 congestion, stasis or stagnation — being not unu- 
 sually attended with symptoms of oppression and 
 collapse. See Hypersemia. 
 
 Congestion op the Abdomen, Coelisemia — c. 
 of the Brain, Stethasmia — c. Girehrale, Cephalo- 
 haemia — e. dii Gerveaii, Cephalohsemia — c. of the 
 Lungs, Stethsemia — c. des Poumons, Stethtemia 
 — c. Sanguine rachidiemie, Hypermyelohasmia. 
 
 CONGEST'IVE, Congesti'vus, (F.) Congestif. 
 Belonging or relating to, or affected with, con- 
 gestion — as 'congestive fever.' 
 
 Congestive Fever, see Fever, congestive. 
 CONGLACIATIO, Congelation. 
 CONGLO'BATE, Congloba'tus, from conglobare, 
 
CONGLOBE 
 
 233 
 
 CONOID 
 
 {con, and globus, 'a ball,') 'to collect,' 'to gather 
 into a ball.' (F.) Conglobe. 
 
 Conglobate Gland, Glan'dula congloha'ta, 
 Hydraden, Globate gland, Lymphat'ic gan'glion, 
 (F.) Glande Conglobee, Ganglion lymphatique. 
 A round body, formed of lymphatic vessels, con- 
 nected together by cellular structure, but having 
 neither a cavity nor excretory duct. The me- 
 senteric, inguinal and axillary glands are of this 
 class. 
 
 CONGLOBE, Conglobate. 
 
 CO^iTGLOM'ERATE, Conglomera'tus, from con, 
 and glomerare, glomerafum, 'to gather in a heap.' 
 Glom'erate, Glomera'tus, (F.) Conglomere. Heaped 
 together. 
 
 Coxglom'erate Glands, Glan'dulm conglome- 
 ra'ta seu vasculo'sce, are those whose lobules are 
 united under the same membrane ; as the liver, 
 kidney, testicle, &c. 
 
 CONGLOMERATIO I^SfTESTINOEUM, Epi- 
 ploce intestinalis. 
 
 CONGLUTINANTIA, Congelativa. 
 
 CONGEES (F.), Congress, Congres'sua, from 
 congredi, congressus, {con, and gradi, 'to go,') 'to 
 go together.' This term, which has often been 
 used synonymously with Coition, means, also, the 
 ocular proof, formerly ordered by judicial au- 
 thority, in the presence of surgeons and matrons, 
 to test the impotence or capabilities of parties ; — 
 a most unsatisfactory and indecent exhibition. 
 It was forbidden by the Parliament of Paris in 
 the year 1667. 
 
 CONGRESSUS, Coition. 
 
 CONI VASCULO'Sr, Cor'pora pyramida'lia 
 testis. Conical bundles, formed by the vasa effe- 
 rentia of the testis; having their base towards 
 the epididymis, into the tube of which the}' enter. 
 
 CONIA, Kovia. A wine, prepared by ferment- 
 ing the must of the grape on tar previously washed 
 in sea-water. — Orfila. See, also, Conium, and 
 Lixivium. 
 
 CONIASIS, Incrustation. 
 
 CONICINE, see Conium. 
 
 CONII FOLIA, see Conium — c. Semen, see 
 Conium. 
 
 CONFINE, see Conium. 
 
 CONINE, see Conium. 
 
 CONIOSTOSIS, Pulverization. 
 
 CONIS, Pulvis. 
 
 CONISTERIUM, Apodyterium. 
 
 CONI'UM, C. macula' turn, Ahi'otes, Corian'- 
 drum macula'tum, Cicuta major seu macula'ta seu 
 Stoerkii seu terres'tris seu major fee' ti da seu vul- 
 ga'ris. Common or Poison Semloclc, Hemlock, 
 Poison parsley, Spotted parsley, (Sc.) Humloik, 
 (F.) Cigue ordinaire, C. grande ou officinale. 
 Ord. Umbelliferee. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digy- 
 nia. The leaves, Coni'i Folia, and seeds, Coni'i 
 Semen, are narcotic and poisonous in an over- 
 dose. Light destroys the virtues of the leaves: 
 and, therefore, the powder should be kept in 
 opaque bottles, well corked. It has been used as 
 a palliative in cancer and other painful affections ; 
 but is not equal to opium. Externally, it has 
 been applied in fomentation to cancerous and 
 scrofulous ulcers. Dose, gr. ij to x. 
 
 Its active principle is Coni'a, Conine, Coniine, 
 Coneine, Conieine, Cicutine. It, or its salts, have 
 been given as sedatives to the nervous centres 
 in various neuralgic and spasmodic diseases. Ifc 
 is a most energetic poison. 
 
 Da'vidson's Remedy for Cancer is said to con- 
 sist of powdered hemlock and arsenious acid. 
 
 Conium Moscha'tum, Aracacha. A very agree- 
 able and nutritive kind of tuberous vegetable, in 
 flavour not unlike celery, which grows on the 
 coast of Peru, but is mor« abundant on the pro- 
 jecting ridges of the Cordilleras, and on the east- 
 
 ern declivity of the Andes. It is cooked by being 
 either simply boiled in water, or made into a kind 
 of soup. — Tsehudi. 
 
 CONJONCTIVE, Conjunctiva. 
 
 CONJONCTIVITE, see Ophthalmia— c. Blen- 
 norrhagique, see Ophthalmia. 
 
 CONJUGAISON, Conjugation. 
 
 CONJUGA'TION, Conjuga'tio, from conjugare, 
 conjugalum, {con, and jngum, 'a yoke,') 'to yoke 
 together.' (F.) Conjugaiaon. Assemblage, union, 
 — Co nju'g itim, 
 
 Conjugatio'nis Foram'ina, (F.) Trous de eon- 
 jxigaison. The apertures at the sides of the spine, 
 formed by the union of the notches of the verte- 
 braa. They give passage to the nerves of the 
 spinal marrow, and to the vessels which enter or 
 issue from the vertebral canal. 
 
 CONJUGIUM, Coition, Conjugation. 
 
 CONJUNC'TI (MORBI),fromco)y(i»^ere, {con, 
 and jungere, junctum,) 'to join together.' Dis- 
 eases joined together. Authors have distin- 
 guished two kinds of these : one, in which the 
 diseases go on simultaneously — morbi connex'i ; 
 the other, in which they succeed each other — 
 morbi consequen'tea. 
 
 CON.JUNCTIO, Articulation. 
 
 CONJUNCTIVA, CUTICULAR, Xerophthal- 
 mia — c. Granular, Trachoma. 
 
 Conjuncti'ta Me3IBRA'na, Circumcaula'lis, 
 Epipeph! ycos, Tu'nica agna'ta seu adna'ta seu 
 conjuncti'va, Tunda oc'idi, (F.) Conjonctive, 3Iem- 
 brane adnee. A mucous membrane, so called 
 because it unites the globe of the eye with the 
 eyelids. It covers the anterior surface of the eye, 
 the inner surface of the eyelids, and the canmcida 
 lacrymalis. It possesses great general sensibi- 
 lity, communicated to it by the fifth pair. 
 
 CONJUNCTIVITIS, Ophthalmia — c. ^gyp- 
 tiaca. Ophthalmia, purulent — c. Blennorrhagica, 
 see Ophthalmia — c. Catarrhalis, Ophthalmia, 
 catarrhal — c. Gonorrhoica, see Ophthalmia — c. 
 Puro-mucosa catarrhalis, Ophthalmia, catarrhal 
 — e. Puro-mucosa contagiosa seu jEgyptiaca, Oph- 
 thalmia, purulent. 
 
 CONJUNGENS, Communicans. 
 
 CONNxlTE, Conna'tus, (F.) Conne, from con, 
 and natus, 'born with.' 
 
 Connate Diseases, (F.) ilaladies connees, 
 Morbi conna'ti, are such as an individual is born 
 with : — connate having the same signification as 
 congenital. A difference has been made by some, 
 however; those diseases or conditions which are 
 dependent upon original conformation, being 
 called congenital; — whilst the diseases or affec- 
 tions that may have supervened during gestation 
 or delivery, are termed connate. 
 
 CONNE, Connate. 
 
 CONNECT'ICUT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 There is a mineral spring at Stafford, in this State, 
 twenty-four miles from Hartford, which has ob- 
 tained more celebrity than any one in New Eng- 
 land. Its principal ingredients are iron and car- 
 bonic acid. It, consequently, belongs to the 
 class of acidulous chalybeates. There are other 
 springs in the State, of which, however, little that 
 is accurate is known. 
 
 CONNECTIVE TISSUE, Cellular tissue. 
 
 CONNERVATIO, Syndesmosis. 
 
 CONNEXIO OSSIUM CARNOSA, Syssarco- 
 sis — c. Cartilaginea, Synchondrosis — c. Ligamen- 
 tosa. Syndesmosis. 
 
 CONNUTRI'TUS, Syn'trophos, from con, 
 'with,' and nutrior, nutritum, 'to be nourished.' 
 A disease is so called which has grown up, as it 
 were, with an individual, or has been connate 
 with him. — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 CONOID, Conoi'deus, Cono'i'des, from /fuvoj, 'a 
 cone,' and £i(5of, 'shape.' (F.) Conoide. Resem- 
 bling a cone. 
 
CONOIDAL SUBSTANCE 
 
 234 
 
 CONSONANT 
 
 Conoid Lig'ament, Lignmen'tum cono'i'des. A 
 ligament, passing from the coracoid process to the 
 scapula, and forming part of the coraco-clavicular 
 ligament of some anatomists. 
 
 CONOIDAL SUBSTANCE OF THE KID- 
 NEY, see Kidney. 
 
 C0N0IDB3 CORPUS, Pineal gland. 
 
 CONOPHTHALMIA, Staphyloma eornese. 
 
 CONQUASSANT, (F.) Conquas' sans, horn con, 
 'with,' ' together,' and quassare, 'to shake.' Dou- 
 leurs conquaHsantes are the pains of parturition, 
 at the time of their greatest intensity, when the 
 head is engaged in the pelvis. 
 
 CONQUASSA'TION, Conquassa'Ho, Quassa'- 
 tio, Quassatu'ra. Same etymon. A pharmaceu- 
 tical operation, which consists in dividing, with 
 a pestle, fresh vegetables, fruits, &c. See Con- 
 frieation. 
 
 CONQUASSATIONES ANIMI, Affections of 
 the mind. 
 
 GO N QUE, Concha. 
 
 CON'SCIOUSNESS, DOUBLE. A somnam- 
 bulistic condition, in which the individual leads, 
 as it were, two lives, recollecting in each condi- 
 tion what occurred in previous conditions of the 
 same character, but knowing nothing of the 
 occurrences of the other. See Duality of the 
 Mind. 
 
 CONSECUTIVE, Consecuti'vus, from con, 
 •with,' and sequor, secutus, 'to follow.' 
 
 CONSECDTIVB PhENOm'eNA OR SYMPTOMS, (F.) 
 
 Pkenomenes ou accidens consecutifs, are such as 
 appear after the cessation of a disease, or, accord- 
 ing to others, during its decline; but without 
 having any direct connexion with it. 
 
 CONSENSUAL, see Instinctive. 
 
 CONSENSUS, Consent of parts, Sympathy. 
 
 Consen'sus Ocdlo'rum. The intimate asso- 
 ciation between the two eyes, as exemplified in 
 their consentaneous action in health, and often in 
 disease. 
 
 CONSENT OF PARTS, Oonsen'sus, Consen'- 
 sus par'tiam, Sjjnipathi'a, from con, and sentire, 
 sensum, 'to feel;' (F.) Consentement des Parties. 
 That relation of different parts of the body with 
 each other which is more commonly denominated 
 sympathy. 
 
 00NSENTE3IENT DES PARTIES, Con- 
 sent of parts. 
 
 CONSERVA'TION, Conserva'tio, Phylax'is, 
 from conservare, {eon, and servare, servatutn.) 'to 
 preserve ;' (F.) Conservation, Asservation. The 
 art of preserving any object of pharmacy, any 
 remedial agent, &c., from decay. 
 
 CONSER'VA, Conserve, (F.) Conserve, Elec- 
 tuaire simple, Saccharole man. Same etymon. 
 A pharmaceutical preparation, composed of a 
 vegetable substance and a sufficient quantity of 
 sugar beaten into a uniform mass. See Confec- 
 tion. 
 
 CoxSERVA Absin'thii, C. ahsin'fhii marit'imi, 
 Conserve of Wornnoood. {Leaves tt)j, sugar Ibiij.) 
 It has been employed as a tonic, stomachic, and 
 vermifuge. 
 
 CoNSEEVA Amygdalardm, Confectio amygda- 
 larum. 
 
 CoNSERVAANGEL'lC^,(Ph.P.)Consertiec^'^wgr^- 
 lique, C. of Angel'ica. [Ptdp of root 250 parts ; 
 white sugar, boiled in a decoction of the root, 
 and reduced to the consistence of a solid electu- 
 ary, 1000 parts.) It is tonic, aromatic, and sto- 
 machic. 
 
 CONSBRTA DE A'PIO GrAVEOLEN'tE (Ph. P.), 
 
 Conserve d' Ache, Conserve of Smallage. Prepared 
 like the preceding. Reputed to have the same 
 properties. 
 
 CoNSERVA Ari, Conserve of Arum. {Fresh 
 root Ibss, sugar Ibiss.) Esteemed to be diuretic 
 and stimulant. 
 
 CoNSERVA AuRANTii, Confectio aurantiorum — 
 c. Cassiae, Confectio cassiae — c. Citri aurantii, 
 Confectio aurantiorum. 
 
 CoNSERVA Cochlea'ei^ Horten'sis, Conserve 
 of Lemon Scurvy Grass. {Leaves Ibj, sugar R)iij.) 
 Reputed to be stimulant and antiscorbutic. 
 
 CONSERTA CORTICIS EXTERIORIS AORANTII 
 
 HisPALENSis, Confectio aurantiorum — c. Corti- 
 eum aurantiorum, Confectio aurantiorum — c. 
 riorum rosarum rubrarum, Confectio rosse Gal- 
 licse — c. Cynosbati, Confectio rosse caninae — c. 
 Cynorrhodi, Confectio rosea caninse — c. Flavedi- 
 nis corticis aurantiorum Hispalensium, Confectio 
 aurantiorum. 
 
 CoNSERVA Lr'jUL^, C. Folio'rum lu'Jnla, Con- 
 serve of Woodsorrel. {Leaves tbj, sugar Ibiij.) 
 Gratefully acid and refrigerant. 
 
 CoNSERVA MENTHiE, C. tIenthcB folio'rum, C. 
 IlenthcB sati'vcB, Conserve of Mint. {Leaves R)j, 
 sugar ibiij.) Stomachic in nausea and vomiting. 
 
 CoNSERVA Pedni; Sylves'tris, C. Pruna> syl 
 vestris, Pulpa prxino'rnm sylves'trium condi'ta, 
 Conserve of Sloes, {Pulp 1 part, sugar 3 parts,) 
 Possessed of astringent properties. 
 
 CoNSERVA RoSjE. Confectio rosse Gallicse — c. 
 Rosse caninfB, Confectio rosse caninse — • c. Rosse 
 fructiis, Confectio rosse caninse — c. Rosse Galli- 
 cse, Confectio rosse Gallicse. 
 
 CoNSERVA Scii.LjE, Conserve of Squill. {Fresh 
 squills ^j, sugar ,^x.) Possesses the diuretic and 
 other virtues of the squill. 
 
 CONSERVE, Conserva, see Confectio — e. 
 d'Ache, Conserva de apio .graveolente — c. of 
 Aloes, Conserva pruni sylvestris — c. of Lemon 
 scurvy grass, Conserva cochlearise hortensis — e. 
 of Mint, Conserva menthse — c. of Orange, Con- 
 fectio aurantiorum — c. of Roses (red), Confectio 
 rosse gallicse — c. of Smallage, Conserva de apio 
 graveolente — c. of Woodsorrel, Conserva lujulse 
 — c. of Wormwood, Conserva absinthii. 
 
 CONSER VES, Spectacles. 
 
 CONSIDEN'TIA, from considere, {eon and 
 sedo) 'to settle.' This word has two accepta- 
 tions. 1. It is synonymous with Apoeatastasis, and 
 means restoration or cessation, and the subsiding 
 of a. humour, as thearine; and 2. It signifies con- 
 traction of any cavity or canal: — See Synezisis. 
 
 CONSISTE'N'TIA, Consistere, {con and sistere) 
 ' to stand still.' A term employed in two senses. 
 1. When joined to the word 3forbi or yEtatis, it 
 expresses the acme of a disease, or the age at 
 which the constitution has acquired its full 
 strength. 2. By Consisten'tia humo'ris is meant 
 the density of a humour. 
 
 CONSOLIDA MAJOR, Symphytum — c. Me- 
 dia, Ajuga, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum — c. 
 Minor, Prunella — c. Regalis, Delphinium conso- 
 lida — c. Rubra, Tormentil — c. Saracenioa, Soli- 
 dago virgaurea. 
 
 CONSOLIDAN'TIA, Consolidati'va Medica- 
 meii'ta, from con, and solidus, solid. Substances, 
 formerly given for the purpose of consolidating 
 wounds, or strengthening cicatrices. 
 
 CONSOLIDATIVA, Consolidantia. 
 
 CONSOMME (F.), Consumma'tum, from con- 
 summo, {con and summa) ' I add together,' Zomos. 
 Soup strongly charged with gelatin, and conse- 
 quently very nutritious, although not proportion- 
 ably easy of digestion. 
 
 CONSOMPTION, Consumption 
 
 CONSONANCE, see Sound. 
 
 CON'SONANT, Con'sonans, from consono, 'to 
 sound together,' {con, ' with,' and sono, ' to sound,') 
 because it is generally believed that a consonant 
 cannot bo properly expressed, except when con- 
 joined with a vowel. Physiologicallj^, a breath, 
 or sound produced in the larynx, which suffers 
 more or less interruption in its passage through 
 the vocal tube. 
 
CONSORTIUM 
 
 235 
 
 CONSULTATION 
 
 CONSORTIUM, Sympathy. 
 
 CON SO UDE, GRANDE, Symphytum. 
 
 CONSOUND, MIDDLE, Ajuga, 
 
 CONSPERSIO, Catapasma. 
 
 CONSPICILLA, Spectacles. 
 
 CONSPIRATIO, Sympathy. 
 
 CONSTELLA'TUM UNGUEN'TUM. An 
 ointment composed of cleansed earthworms ! 
 dried and pulverized ; and of the fat of the bear 
 or wild boar. It was formerly employed in tooth- 
 ach, and to hasten the cicatrization of wounds. 
 
 CONSTERNATIO, Stupor. 
 
 CON'STIPATED, Constipa'tua, (Prov.) 3Iaw- 
 bonnd, (F.) Oonstipe ; same etymon as the next. 
 Affected with constipation ; Costive ; Bound, Bel- 
 lyhound. 
 
 CONSTIPATIO, Constipation, Stegnosis. 
 
 CONSTIPA'TION, Constipa'tio, from consti- 
 pnre, {con and stipare, stipatum,) 'to cram close.' 
 Obsti'pa'tio, Adslric'tio, Arcta'tio, Obstipa'tio seu 
 Reten'tio alvi'na, Jschocoi'lia, Alvus astric'ta seu 
 adstn'e'ta seu tarda seu dura seu segnis, Ob- 
 strue'tio seu Snppres'sio alvi, 0. Ductus alinien- 
 ta'rii, 0. intestina'lis. Torpor intestino'rum, Styp- 
 sis, Oonstipa'tio alvi, Copros'tasis, Acop'ria, 
 Acopro'sis, Coproepis' chesis, Jschocop'rta, Dyscoi'- 
 lia, (F.) Echauffement, Ventre resiserre, Cost'ive- 
 ness. Faecal Reten'tion, Alvuie obstruction. A 
 state of the bowels, in which the evacuations do 
 not take place as frequently as usual; or are in- 
 ordinately hard, and expelled with difficulty. It 
 may be owing either to diminished action of the 
 muscular coat of the intestines, or to diminished 
 secretion from the mucous membrane, or to both. 
 Cathartics will usually remove it; after which 
 its exciting and predisponent causes must be 
 inquired into and obviated, to render the cure 
 permanent. 
 
 CONSTIPATUS, Constipated. 
 
 CONSTIP^, Constipated. 
 
 CONSTITUENS, Vehicle, see Prescription. 
 
 CONSTITUTIO, Constitution, Habit of body 
 — c. Aeris, Constitution of the atmosphere — c. 
 Epideuiica, Constitution, epidemic — c. Nervosa, 
 Nervous diathesis. 
 
 CONSTITU'TION, Constitu'tio, Catae'tasis, 
 Status, from con, and statuere, from stare, ' to 
 stand.' A collection of several parts, forming a 
 whole. In medicine. Constitution means the state 
 of all the organs of the human body considered 
 in regard to their special and relative arrange- 
 ment, order, or activity. A good constitution is 
 one in which every organ is well developed, and 
 endowed with due energy, so that all perform 
 their functions with equal facility. Any want of 
 equilibrium in their development and energy 
 forms a difference in the constitution. We say 
 that a man is of a good or robust, a delicate or 
 weak constitution, when he is commonly healthy, 
 or commonly labouring under, or unusually sus- 
 ceptible of, disease. 
 
 Constitution, Arterial, Plethora arteriosa. 
 
 Constitu'tion of the Ai'mosphere, Constitu'- 
 tio A'eris, (F.) Constitution AtmospMrique. The 
 condition of the atmosphere, as regards dryness 
 and humidity, temperature, heaviness, direction 
 of the winds, &o., considered as respects its in- 
 fluence on the animal economy. 
 
 Constitdtion', Epidem'ic, Constitu'tio epidem'- 
 ica, Med'ieal Constitution, (F.) Constitution, me- 
 dicale, C. epidemiquc. The aggregate of meteor- 
 ological conditions, so far as they are appreciable, 
 during which diseases prevail epidemically. 
 
 CONSTITU'TIONAL, (F.) Constitutionnel. 
 Belonging to the constitution of an individual; 
 to his manner of being; as constitutional phthisis, 
 c. gout, &c. By some, this epithet has been 
 given to diseases, produced by the constitution 
 
 of the atmosphere; but this acceptation is not 
 common. 
 
 CONSTRICTEUR D'HERBINEAUX, see 
 Serre-noeud. 
 
 CONSTRICTEUR DE LA VUIVE, Con- 
 strictores cunni — c.du Vagin, Constrictores cunni. 
 
 CONSTRICTIO, Astriction, Systole. 
 
 CONSTRICTIVA, Stvptics. 
 
 CONSTRICTOR, from conatringere, {con, and 
 stringere, strictum,) 'to bind.' (F.) Constricteur. 
 That which binds in a circular direction. A 
 sphincter. Different muscles are so called. 
 
 Constrictor Ani, Sphincter ani externus — c. 
 of Nuck, Compressor of Nuek. 
 
 Constrictores Alarum Nasi, Depressor alaa 
 nasi. 
 
 Constricto'res Cunni, C. Vagi'nm seu Y^dvm, 
 Clitor'idis inferio'res lati et plani nms'culi, 
 Sphincter Vagi'nce, (F.) Constricteurs du vagin, 
 C. de la Vulve. Small muscles which originate 
 beneath the clitoris, descend along the sides of 
 the vagina, and terminate by becoming con- 
 founded with the transversus perincei and exter- 
 nal sphincter ani muscles. Their use is to con- 
 tract the entrance of the vagina. 
 
 Constrictores Isthmi Faucium, Glossosta- 
 phylinus. 
 
 Constricto'res Lartn'gis. Lieutaud describes, 
 under the name Grand constricteur du Larynx, 
 the muscle Crico-aryteno'ideus latera'lis with the 
 Thyro-aryteno'ideus. 
 
 Constrictores Nasi, Compressor naris. 
 
 Constrictor OjIsoph'agi, Constrictor of tht 
 (Esoph'agus, (F.) Constricteur de I' CEsnpjhage, 
 Muscle oesopihagien. A fasciculus of fleshy, cir- 
 cular fibres, at the upper part of the ossophagus. 
 
 Constrictores Oris, Orbicularis oris— e. Pal- 
 pebrarum, Orbicularis palpebrarum. 
 
 Constricto'res Pharyn'gis, Constrictors of 
 the Pharyn-x, Sphincter GnlcB. Muscular expan- 
 sions which assist in forming the parietes of the 
 pharynx. Three of these are generally admitted. 
 1. The Constric'tor Pharyn'gis infe'rior, Crico- 
 pharyngeus and Thyro-pharyngeus, (F.) Crico- 
 thyro-pharyngien. It is broad, very thin, quad- 
 rilateral, seated superficially, extending from the 
 thyroid and cricoid cartilages as far as the middle 
 of the pharynx, and uniting, on the median line, 
 with that of the opposite side. 2. The Constrictor 
 Pharyngis Me'dius, Hyo-pharyngeus and Chon~ 
 dro-pharynge2is, Synd,es' mo-pharyngeus, (F.) JJyo- 
 glosso-basi-pha.ryngien, occupies the middle part 
 of the pharynx. It is triangular, and attached 
 anteriorly to the great and little cornu of the os 
 hyoides; to the stylohyoid ligament; and termi- 
 nates, posteriorly, by joining its fellow of the 
 opposite side. 3. The Constrictor Pharyngis sv- 
 pe'rior, Ceph'alo-pharyngeus, Glosso-pharyngeus, 
 3[ylo-pharyngeus, Pter' ygo-pharyngeus, (P.) Pte- 
 rygo-syndesmo-staphili-pharyngien, is quadrilate- 
 ral, and extends from the internal ala of the 
 pterygoid process, from the inter-maxillary liga- 
 ment, from the internal oblique line of the jaw, 
 and from the base of the tongue to the posterior 
 part of the pharynx. 
 
 The constrictors of the pharynx contract it. 
 They can likewise approximate the ends to each 
 other. Chaussier considers those and the stylo- 
 pharyngeus as but one muscle, and includes all 
 under this last name. 
 
 Constrictores Vagina, C. cunni — c. Yulvpe, 
 C. cunni. 
 
 CONSTRINGENTIA. Astringents, Stvptics. 
 
 CONSUETUDO, Habit— e. Menstrua, Menses. 
 
 CONSULTANT, Consulting physician or sur- 
 geon. 
 
 CONSULTA'TION, Consulta'tio, Belibera'tio, 
 Coenolog"ia, Conten'tio, Symboleit'sis, from consu- 
 lere, consxdtum, ' to hold council.' This word has 
 
CONSULTING PHYSICIAN 236 
 
 CONTINUED FEVER 
 
 several acceptations. In English, it means, al- 
 most always, the meeting of two or more practi- 
 tioners, to deliberate on any particular case of 
 disease. In Prance, it signifies the written result 
 of such deliberations, as well as the opinion of a 
 physician, given to a patient, who consults him, 
 either personally or by writing. 
 
 CONSULT'ING PHYSICIAN or SURGEON, 
 (F.) Medecinoxx Chirarcfien consultant, Consultant. 
 One who consults with the attending practitioner, 
 regarding any case of disease. Some physicians, 
 surgeons, and accoucheurs confine themselves to 
 consulting practice. 
 
 CONSUMMATUM, ConsommS. 
 
 CONSUMMA'TUS, from con, cum, 'with,' and 
 aummus, 'the whole.' Confirmed; established; 
 developed, — as Phthisis consumma'ta, 'confirmed 
 consumption.' 
 
 CONSUMP'TION, from consumere, {eon and 
 siimere, sumptum,) 'to waste away;' Consumjj'tio, 
 Gonsum'tio, Syntex'is, Wasting, Wearing, (F.) 
 Consomption. Progressive emaciation or wasting 
 away. This condition precedes death in the 
 greater part of chronic diseases, and particularly 
 in phthisis piulmonalis : on this account it is, that 
 phthisis has received the name consumption — See 
 Phthisis. Fievre de Consomption, Consumptive 
 /ever, is the same as Hectic fever. 
 
 Consumption of the Bowels, Enterophthisis. 
 
 Consumption, Gal'loping, Phthisis acu'ta, (F.) 
 Pthisie galopante ou aigu'e. Phthisis pulmonalis, 
 which rapiclly runs through its course to a fatal 
 termination. 
 
 CoNSUM-PTioN, PuiiMONARY, Phthisis pulmo- 
 nalis. 
 
 CONSUMPTI'VA. Same etymology. Caus- 
 tics, used for the destruction of fungi. Burnt 
 alum, lunar caustic, &c., were formerly so called. 
 
 CONSUMPTIVE, Phthisicus. 
 
 CONSUMTIO, Consumption. 
 
 CONTABESCEN'TIA, from oontabescere, (con 
 and tabeseere,) 'to grow lean.* Consumption, 
 marasmus, atrophy, &c. 
 
 CONTACT, Contac'tus, from con and tangere, 
 tactiim, ' to touch.' The state of two bodies that 
 touch each other. In the theory of contagious 
 diseases, we distinguish immediate or direct eon- 
 tact, as when we touch a patient labouring under 
 one of those diseases ; and mediate or indirect 
 contact, when we touch, not the patient himself, 
 but objects that have touched or emanated from 
 him. The air is, most commonly, the medium by 
 which this last kind of contact is efi'ected. 
 
 CONTA'GION, Conta'gio, Conta'ges, Conta'- 
 gium, Aporrhw'a, Apnc'rysis. Same etymon. 
 The transmission of a disease from one person to 
 another by direct or indirect contact. The term 
 has, also, been applied, by some, to the action of 
 miasmata arising from dead animal or vegetable 
 matter, bogs, fens, cfcc, but in this sense it is now 
 abandoned. Contagious diseases are produced 
 either by a virus, capable of causing them by 
 inoculation, as in small-pox, cow-pox, hydropho- 
 bia, syphilis, &c., or by miasmata, proceeding 
 from a sick individual, as in plague, typhus gra- 
 vior, and in measles and scarlatina. [?] Scrofula, 
 phthisis pulmonalis, and cancer, have, by some, 
 been esteemed contagious, but apparently with- 
 out foundation. Physicians are, indee-d, by no 
 means unanimous in deciding what diseases are 
 contagious, and what not. The contagion of 
 plague and tj'phus, especially of the latter, is 
 denied by many. It seems probable, that a dis- 
 ease may be contagious under certain circum- 
 stances and not under others. A case of common 
 fever, arising from common causes, as from cold, 
 if the patient be kept in a close, foul situation, 
 may be converted into a disease, capable of pro- 
 ducing emanations, which may excite a similar 
 
 disease in those exposed to them. Contagion and 
 infection are generally esteemed synonymous. 
 Frequently, however, the former is applied to 
 diseases not produced by contact; as measles, 
 scarlet fever, [?] <tc., whilst infection, (Prov.) Smit, 
 is used for those that require positive contact; as 
 itch, syphilis, Ac, and conversely. Diseases, 
 which cannot be produced in any other way than 
 by contagion, are said to have their origin in 
 specific contagion; as small-pox, cow-pox, mea- 
 sles, hydrophobia, syphilis, &c. Those which 
 are produced by contagion, and yet are supposed 
 to be sometimes owing to other causes, are said 
 to arise from common contagion ; as typhus, cyn- 
 anche parotidsea, <fcc. 
 
 CONTA'GIONIST, (F.) Contagioniste. One 
 who believes in the contagious character of a par- 
 ticular disease, — as of yellow fever. 
 
 CONTA'GIOUS, Contagio'sus, (F.) Contagienx. 
 Capable of being transmitted by mediate or im- 
 mediate contact, Commu'nicahle, — as a contagi- 
 ons disease, contagious fever, contagious effluvia, 
 &,o. Commonly, the epithet infectious, (Prov.) 
 Taking, Smittle, Catching, is applied to those that 
 are communicated by immediate contact, as itch, 
 syphilis, Ac. 
 
 CONTAGIUM, Contagion, Miasm. 
 
 CONTEMPLABILBS DIES, Critical days. 
 
 C0NTE3IPLATIF, (F.) Contemplati'vus, {.con 
 and tempilum.) Appertaining to contemplation. 
 The predominaht idea of the melancholic — of 
 the monomaniac — is sometimes called contem- 
 
 CONTEMPLATIO, Catalepsy. 
 
 CONTEMPLATIVUS, Contemplalif. 
 
 CONTENSIO, Tension. 
 
 CONTENTIO, Consultation. 
 
 CONTEX'TURE, Contextu'ra, Contex'tus, from 
 con and texere, (quasi tegsere, from tegere, 'to 
 cover,') textum, 'to weave,' 'to make a web.' 
 Arrangement of parts ; — texture. A name given, 
 metaphorically, to the structure of organized 
 bodies; as the contexture of muscles, fibres, &o. 
 See Tissue, and Texture. 
 
 CONTIGUITY, DIARTHROSIS OF, see Con- 
 tinuity. 
 
 CON'TINENCE, Continen'tia, from continere, 
 (con and tenere, ' to hold or keep,') ' to contain 
 oneself;' 'to restrain.' Restraint. Abstinence 
 from, or moderation in, the pleasures of physical 
 love. 
 
 CONTINENS, Continent. 
 
 CON'TINENT, Con'tinens. Restrained. This 
 word is synonymous, also, with Continued/ (F.) 
 Continu. 
 
 Continent Cause, Causa conjunc'ta, is a cause, 
 real or presumed, which having given rise to a 
 disease, continues to act during the whole of its 
 duration. It may be considered synonymous 
 with proximate cause. A continent fever, Febris 
 continens, is one which preserves during its whole 
 course, the same degree of intensity, without any 
 remission or sensible exacerbation. A disease 
 which continues uninterruptedly, has been also 
 called yEipathei'a, Aeipathei'a or A'ipathi'a. 
 
 CONTINENTIA, Continence. 
 
 CONTIN'UED FEVER, Febris contin'ua seu 
 con'tinens seu anabat'ica seu assid'ua. A fever 
 which presents no interruption in its course. 
 Continued fevers form a division in the class 
 Pyrexia of CuUen, and include three genera, — 
 Synocha, Synochus, and Typhus. It is proper to 
 remark, that some of the older writers make a 
 distinction between the continual fever, cvvi)(rii, 
 febris continua, and the synochus or febris conti- 
 nens. Thus, Rhases states that the sj'nochus or 
 continens is a fever, which consists of one pa- 
 roxysm from beginning to end; whilst the conti- 
 nua is allied to intermittent?. 
 
CONTINUITY 
 
 237 
 
 CONTROSTIMULTJS 
 
 CONTINU'ITY, Coniinu'ifas. An adhesion 
 of two things between each other, so that they 
 cannot be separated without fracture or laceration. 
 
 Continuity, Diaethro'ses of, (F.) Diarthroses 
 de Oontinnite, are movable joints, in which the 
 bones are continuous, but do not touch imme- 
 diately, there being between them a ligamentous 
 substance, whose flexibility permits motion. The 
 vertebral articulations are examples of this. Di- 
 arthroses OP CoNTlGU'lTY, Diarthroses de Con- 
 tiguite, on the other hand, are movable articula- 
 tions, in which the bones are not continuous, but 
 touch by surfaces covered with a cartilaginous 
 layer, which is always moistened by synovia. 
 
 Continuity, Lesion of, see Continuity, Solu- 
 tion of. 
 
 Continuity, Solution of, Solu'tio contin'\ii, is 
 any division of parts, previously continuous. 
 Wounds and fractures are solutions of continuity. 
 The word Continuity \5 opposed to Contiguity : the 
 latter meaning the condition of two things which 
 are near each other, or touch without uniting. 
 There is contiguity between the head of the hu- 
 merus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula, but 
 not continuity. 
 
 A le'sion of eontinu'ity, Lce'sio contin'ui, is a 
 destruction of continuity caused by disease. 
 
 CONTONDANT, Contunding. 
 
 CONTORSIO, Contorsion — c. Columnae verte- 
 bralis, Rbachiostrophosis. 
 
 CONTOR'SION, Contor'tio, from contorqueo, 
 (con and torquere, tortum, ' to wring,') ' I twist 
 about.' Violent movement of a part, accompanied 
 with a kind of torsion, twist or castj as contortion 
 of the face. 
 
 CONTRA APERTU'RA, from contra, 'against,' 
 and aperio, 'I open.' A counter-opening; Con- 
 tra-incia'io, Incis'io prio'ri oppo'sita, (F.) Contre- 
 ouverture. An incision, made in the most depend- 
 ing part of a wound or abscess, when the first 
 opening is not situate in a manner favourable for 
 the discharge of the pus. 
 
 CONTRAEXTENSIO, Counter-extension. 
 
 CONTRACTILE, Contrae'tilis, from contra- 
 here, {con and trahere, tractum.) 'to draw to- 
 gether.' Capable of contracting. The fibre of 
 muscles is contractile. ^ 
 
 CONTRACTILITE, Contractility— c. par De- 
 faut d' Extension, Elasticity — c.c/eT/ss!i,Elasticity. 
 
 CONTRA CTIL'ITY, Contractil'itas: same ety- 
 mon ; (F.) Contractilite. That vital property, 
 which gives, to certain parts, the power of con- 
 tracting. The muscles of locomotion are endowed 
 with a power of voluntary contractility, or one 
 dependent immediately on the action of the brain : 
 — the muscles of the viscera of digestion, and 
 other internal organs, enjoy an involuntary con- 
 tractility. Contractility and irritability are fre- 
 quently used synonymously to signify the pro- 
 perty possessed by any tissue of contracting on the 
 application of an appropriate stimulus. 
 
 Contractility, Irritability. 
 
 CONTRACTIO.Contraction—c.Cordis, Systole. 
 
 CONTRACTION, Contrac'tio. Same etymon; 
 Sys'tole. Action of contracting. When we speak 
 of the contraction of a muscle, we mean the phe- 
 nomenon it exhibits during the time it is in action. 
 
 CONTRACTOR UTERI, Abortive. 
 
 CONTRACTU'RA. Same etymon. Acamji'sia, 
 Enta'sia articula'ris, Rigor ar'tuum. Muscular 
 Stiff-joint, (F.) Contracture. A state of perma- 
 nent rigidity and progressive atrophy of the flexor 
 muscles, which prevents the motions of extension 
 beyond a certain limit. The affected muscles 
 form hard cords beneath the skin. On dissection, 
 they are found converted into tendinous fibres, 
 the fleshy fibres having almost disappeared, when 
 the disease has been of any duration. It suc- 
 ceeds, frequently', other diseases, particularly 
 
 rheumatism, neuralgia, convulsions, syphilis, eo- 
 lica pictonum, &c. The warm bath, vapour bath, 
 or thermal waters, oleaginous embrocations, me- 
 chanical extension of the limbs, &c., are the chief 
 means of treatment. 
 
 CONTRAFISSU'RA, from contra, 'against,' 
 and fndere, fissum, ' to cleave ;' Bepercus'sio, Re- 
 son'itus, Catag'ma Fissura contraja'cens, Apeche'- 
 ma, Anticom'ma, Antic'ope, Anticru'sis, Anticrus'- 
 ma,Infortu'nium, Counterstroke,(¥.) Conti'e-coup, 
 Gontre-fente, Contre-fracture. A fracture, contu- 
 sion, or injury, produced, by a blow, in a part 
 distant from that which is struck. Five species 
 of contrafissura or contre-eoups may occur in the 
 skull. 1. When the internal table yields and 
 fractures. 2. When the bone breaks in any other 
 part than the one struck. 3. When a bone, which 
 has been struck, remains uninjured, and its neigh- 
 bour is fractured. 4. When the bone is fractured 
 in a place diametrically opposite to that struck, 
 as in fractures at the base of the cranium, from a 
 fall on the vertex; and lastly, when the violence 
 of the blow produces a separation of the neigh- 
 bouring or distant sutures. These fractures of the 
 skull are also called Fractures par resonnance. 
 
 CONTRAHENTIA, Astringents, Styptics. 
 
 CONTRAINCISIO, Contra-apertura. 
 
 CONTRAINDICATIO, Counter-indication. 
 
 CONTRAIRRITATIO, Counter-irritation. 
 
 CONTRALUNA'RIS, from contra, 'against,' 
 and luna, 'the moon.' An epithet for a woman 
 who conceives during the menstrual discharge. — 
 Dietrich. 
 
 CONTRA STIMULANS, Contro-stimulants. 
 
 CONTRAYERVA, Dorstenia contrayerva— c. 
 Balls, Pulvis contrayervse eompositus. 
 
 CoNTRAYERYA, LiSBON, Dorstenia contrayerva 
 — c. Mexican, Psoralea pentaphylla — c. Nova, 
 Psoralea pentaphylla — c. Virginiana, Aristolochia 
 serpentaria. 
 
 CONTRECOUP, Contra-fissura. 
 
 CONTREEXTENSION, Counter-extension. 
 
 CONTREFENTE, Contra-fissura. 
 
 CONTREFRACTURE, Contra-fissura. 
 
 CONTREJNDICA TION, Counter-indication. 
 
 CONTREOUVER TURE, Contra-apertura. 
 
 CONTREPOISON, Antidote. 
 
 CONTRESTIM ULISME, Controstimulus. 
 
 C0NTRESTI3IUL US, Controstimulus. 
 
 CONTREXEVILLE, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Contrexeville is a town in France in the 
 department of Vosges, four leagues from Neuf- 
 chateau. The waters contain carbonate of iron, 
 chloride of calcium, and carbonate of lime, chlo- 
 ride of sodium, a bituminous substance, and free 
 carbonic acid. They are frequented by those la- 
 bouring under cutaneous, scrofulous, and calcu- 
 lous affections. 
 
 CONTRIT"IO, Syntrim'ma, Syntrip'sis, Tri- 
 tu'ra, Tritus, Trit"io, Tripsis, from coniero, 'I 
 bruise or make small :' Comminu'tion, Trit^iration. 
 
 C N T R S T I M'UL AN T, Contrastim'ulans, 
 Hyposthen'ic, from contra, 'against,' and stimulus, 
 ' that which excites.' A substance that possesses 
 a particular, debilitating property, acting upon 
 the excitability in a manner opposite to stimulus. 
 A name given to therapeutical agents, which, ac- 
 cording to the Italian theory of contro-stimidus, 
 are endowed with the property of diminishing 
 excitement by a specific action. These agents 
 are by no means clearly defined. 
 
 CONTROSTIiM'ULUS or CONTRESTIMU- 
 LUS, DOCTRINE OP, (F.) Contrestimiilisme. 
 Same etymon. The name given by Rasori, about 
 thirty years ago, to a new medical doctrine, of 
 which he was the originator — La nuova Dottrinn 
 Medica Italiana. It is founded on the contro-sti- 
 mulant property attributed to a certain number of 
 
CONTUNDING 
 
 238 
 
 CONVOLVULUS 
 
 medicines. In this doctrine, as in that of Brown, 
 under the name excitahUity, a fundamental princi- 
 ple of physiology is admitted, by virtue of which 
 living beings are endowed with an aptitude for 
 feeling the action of external agents or exciting 
 influences, and of reacting on these influences. 
 When this excitability is too great, there is excess 
 of stimulus or Hyperatheni' a : when too little, 
 there is deficiency or Hrjpostheni'a. Diseases, 
 general and local, are divided into three great 
 classes, or into, 1. Hypersthenic ; 2. Hyposthenic ; 
 3. Irritative. The contro-stimulant physicians 
 admit only two classes of medicines — stimulants 
 and contro-stimidants. 
 
 CONTUND'ING, Contu'sing, Contun'dens, from 
 contiindere, (con and tundere, tusum,) 'to bruise.' 
 (F.) Contondaiit. That which causes contusions. 
 An epithet given to round, blunt, vulnerating pro- 
 jectiles, which bruise or lacerate parts without 
 cutting them. 
 
 GONTUS, Contused. 
 
 CONTUS, Penis. 
 
 CONTU'SED. Same etymon as Contunding. 
 (F.) Contiis. Afi'ected with contusion. Thus we 
 say — a contused wound. 
 
 CONTU'SION, Contu'sio, Bruise, (Prov.) Dohe, 
 GoUis'io, Phlasma, Thlnsis, Thlas'ma, Th.contu'- 
 sio, Rhege, Jthegma, Rhegmus, Famex, Famis, 
 Famix, (F.) 3feurtrissure. Same etymon. An 
 injury or lesion — arising from the impulse of a 
 body with a blunt surface — which presents no 
 loss of substance, and no apparent wound. If 
 the skin be divided, the injury takes the name of 
 contused wound. The difi'erences of contusions, 
 as to extent, are of course infinite. When slight, 
 the blood stagnates in the capillaries of the skin, 
 or is eifused into the subcutaneous areolar tissue. 
 Time and cold applications remove it. When the 
 texture has been lacerated, there is effusion of 
 blood, with more or less torpor in the part af- 
 fected. Cooling applications, general or topical 
 bleeding, emollients, poultices, &c., are here ne- 
 cessary, according to circumstances. In the 
 severest kinds of contusion, all the soft and solid 
 parts, except the skin, are bruised, and, at times, 
 reduced to a kind of pap. When the disorgani- 
 zation is to this extent, there is no hope except 
 in amputation. A deep contusion of the soft 
 parts has been called Sareoth'lasis, and Sarcoth- 
 las'ma. 
 
 CoNTusiOJT, Wind, see Wind of a Ball. 
 
 CONUS ARTERIO'SUS, Infnndib'ulum of the 
 heart. The portion of the right ventricle from 
 which the pulmonary artery proceeds, forms a 
 prominence on the right side of the anterior fur- 
 row of the heart, and is prolonged towards the 
 left, becoming narrower at the same time, so as 
 to form a funnel-shaped projection, which ex- 
 tends a little beyond the base of the ventricles. 
 This is the Conns arteriosus. 
 
 CoNus Vasculosus, see Coni Vasculosi. 
 
 CONVALES'CENCE, Convalescen'tia, Ana- 
 lep'sis, Anas'fasis, Reconvalescen'tia, from conva- 
 leseere, [con and valescere) ' to grow well.' Ex- 
 anas'trophe. Recovery of health after disease. 
 The time which elapses between the termination 
 of a disease and complete restoration of strength. 
 
 CONVALLARIA ANGULOSA, C. polygona- 
 tum. 
 
 CoNVALLARiA Canalicula'ta, Pohjgo'natum, 
 canalicula'tum seu lati/o'lium. Great Solomon's 
 Seal; and Convallarta fvbes'C'E'ss, Polygo'natum 
 pubes'cens. Smaller Solomon's Seal: indigenous. 
 A decoction of the roots is said to be cathartic, 
 diuretic, and diaphoretic. 
 
 Convalla'ria Maia'lis, from eonvalHs, 'a 
 valley,' — from its abounding in valleys. Lil'him 
 ConvaVlium, Convalla'ria, C. mappi, Maian'the- 
 mum, Lily of the Valley, May Lily, (F.) Ifugnet, 
 
 Mugnet de Mai. The recent flowers are reputed 
 to be aromatic, cephalic, errhine, and cathartic. 
 They are not used. 
 
 Convallaria Mappi, C. Maialis. 
 Convalla'ria MuLTirLo'RA, Polygo'natum 
 multijlo'rum, which grows in this country and in 
 Europe, has analogous properties. 
 
 Convalla'ria PoLYGo'NATrM. The systema- 
 tic name of Solomon's Seal, Convalla'ria angxi- 
 lo'sa, Polygo'natum uniflo' rum seu anceps sen vul- 
 ga're, Sigil'lum Salomo'nis, Polygo'natum, (P.) 
 Sceau de Salomon, Genouillet. The root was once 
 used as an astringent and tonic. It is, also, a re- 
 puted cosmetic. 
 
 CONVENTIIS, Coition. 
 
 CONVER'SION, Oonver'sio, from con and ver- 
 tere, versum, 'to turn.' Change from one state 
 into another. 
 
 Conversion of Diseases, (F.) Conversion des 
 maladies, is the change or transformation of one 
 disease into another. 
 
 CONVOLU'TION, Convolu'tio, irom convolvere, 
 (con and volvere, volutum) 'to entwine;' Episphm'- 
 rion, Gyrus, Helig'mus, (F.) Girconvolution. The 
 rolling of any thing upon itself. 
 
 Convolu'tions, Cer'ebral, Gyri seu Plicatu'- 
 rm seu Spires seu Proces'sus enteroi'dei seu Intea- 
 ti'nula Cer'ehri, are the round, undulating, tor- 
 tuous projections observed at the base of the 
 brain. In them Gall's organs, of course, ter- 
 minate. 
 
 Convolu'tion, Inter'nal, O. of the Corpus 
 Callo'sum, Convolution d'Ourlet (Foville). A 
 cerebral convolution of great extent, the princi- 
 pal portion of which is found on the inner surface 
 of each hemisphere above the corpus eallosum. 
 In front it bends downwards and backwards to 
 the fissure of Sylvius, and behind, it extends to 
 the middle lobe and forms the hippocampus major. 
 
 Convolu'tions, Intes'tinal, are the turns 
 made by the intestines in the abdomen. 
 
 Convolu'tion, Supra-or'bitar. A convolu- 
 tion of the brain, which exists on the inferior 
 surface of the anterior lobe, and rests upon the 
 roof of the orbit. 
 
 CONVOL'VULUS, from convolvere, {con and 
 volvere) 'to entwine.' Ileus, Intussusceptio. 
 
 Contol'vdlus Bata'tas. Same etymon. C. 
 In'dicus, Camotes ; the Sweet Potato, Spanish 
 Potato. (F.) Patate. Ord. Convolvulacese. This 
 is the only esculent root of the genus Convol- 
 vulus. It is much eaten in the United States. 
 
 Convol'vulus Cantab'rica, Gantab'rica, La- 
 vender-leaved Bindweed, has been considered an- 
 thelmintic and actively cathartic. 
 
 Convolvulus Indicus, C. Batatas. 
 
 Convol'vulus Jala'pa. A systematic name, 
 generally thought to be the Jalap plant, which 
 is, properly, Exogo'nium pnrga, Ipomoe'a Jala- 
 pa seu 2^urga seu Schiedea'na seu macrorhi'za, 
 Jala'pium, Jalo'pa, Mechoaca'na nigra. Jalap- 
 pa, Jalapa, Jalap Root, Gialappa, Xolappa, 
 Bryo'nia Mechoacan'a nigricans, Bryo'nia Pe- 
 ruvia'na, Ghela'pa, Rhabar'barum Nigrum, 
 Gelap'piium, (F.) Jalap, is produced from South 
 America. Its odour is nauseous; taste sweetish 
 and slightly pungent. It is solid, hard, heavy, 
 brittle ; fracture, resinous ; internally, light gray ; 
 externally, covered with a deep brown, wrinkled 
 bark. Its operation is cathartic, the resinous 
 part griping violently. Dose, 10 gr. to ^ss. A 
 drop or two of any essential oil may prevent it 
 from griping. An active principle has been sepa- 
 rated from Jalap, to which the names Jalapin 
 and Cathartin have been given. 
 
 An inferior kind, called light, fusiform or mal^ 
 jalap, is yielded by Ipomoe'a seu Convol'vulus 
 Orizaben'sis, I. batatoi'des seu Mestitlan'ica, which 
 grows near Orizaba and Mestitlan, in Mexico. 
 
CONVULSE 
 
 239 
 
 COOSTRUM 
 
 CoNVOLVLLus Major Albus, Convolvulus se- 
 piuiu — e. Muritimus, Convolvulus soldanella. 
 
 Convol'vulus Mecho'acan, ilechoaca'nce 
 Radix, Jalap'pa alba, Rliahar' barim album, Fip- 
 tostecfia Piao'nis, Mechoacan, Jeticucu, (F.) Mha- 
 harhe ou Rhubarbe blanche ou des Indes, Jalap 
 Mane, Bryone d'Amerique. A Mexican convol- 
 vulus, the root of which possesses aperient pro- 
 perties, and was once extensively used instead of 
 jiilap. See Batata de purga. 
 
 Convolvulus Megalorhizus, C. Panduratus. 
 Convolvulus Nil, Ipomce'a nil, Blue Morning- 
 glory. An East Indian plant, naturalized in some 
 of the Western States. The seeds are sold in 
 Calcutta as a cathartic. The roots have the same 
 properties. 
 
 Convolvulus Opeeculatus, see Batata de 
 purga — c. Orizabensis, see Convolvulus Jalapa. 
 
 Convol'vulus Pandura'tus, C. 3Iegalorlii' - 
 ziis, Pseudo-mechoaca'na, Fiddle-leaved Bind- 
 v:eed, Hog Potato, Virginian Bindweed, Wild 
 Pota'to, Mech'ameck, M. Bindiceed, Wild Jalap, 
 Man in the ground, Man of the Eai'th, Wild Rhu- 
 barb, Wild Potato -Vine, Kassau'der, Kassa'der, 
 Kuesauder, (F.) Liseron Meehamec. In Virginia, 
 and some other parts of the United States, the 
 root of this plant has been much recommended in 
 cases of gravel. It is used either in powder or 
 decoction. 
 
 Convolvulus Perenms, Humulus lupulus. 
 Convolvulus pes Ca'prje, Bargada. A 
 plant used in India as a cataplasm in arthritic 
 cases. 
 
 Convolvulus E,epens, C. sepium. 
 Convolvulus Scammo'nea seu Scammo'nia, 
 C. Syriacns. The systematic name of the Seara'- 
 mony Plant. A Syrian and Mexican plant; the 
 concrete gummi-resinous juice of which, Scani- 
 wo'nia, ScaminonicB Oiimmi Mesi'na, Scammonium, 
 S. Syriaciim, Diagryd'ium, Bacrydion, Scammo- 
 ny, M(thmoudy, (F.) Scammonee d'Alep, comes to 
 us in blackish-gray fragments, becoming whitish- 
 yellow when touched with wet fingers. It is a 
 drastic, hydragogue cathartic. Dose, gr. iij to 
 gr. XV, triturated with sugar. 
 
 Convolvulus, Sea, Convolvulus Soldanella. 
 Convol'vulus SE'piusr, Convolvulus major 
 albus seu reptens seu Tugurio'rum, Calyste'gia 
 se'piurn, Great or Hedge Bindtoeed, (F.) Liseron 
 des Haies, Grand Liseron. The juice of this 
 plant is violently purgative, and is given in drop- 
 sical affections. 
 
 Convol'vulus Soldanel'la. The systematic 
 name of the Sea Convolvulus, Convol'vulus Mdrit'- 
 inius, Bras'sica Mari'na, Calyste'gia Soldanella, 
 Sea Bindweed, Soldanel'la, (F.) Chou Marin. 
 The leaves of this plant are said to be drastic ca- 
 thartic; but they are not much, if at all, used. 
 
 Convolvulus Syriacus, Convolvulus scam- 
 monia — c. Tuguriorum, C. sepium. 
 
 Convol'vulus Turpe'thum, Turpe'thum. The 
 systematic name of the Turhith pdunt. (F.) Ra- 
 cine de Turbith. The cortical part of the root of 
 this species of convolvulus is brought from the 
 East Indies. It is a cathartic, but not used. 
 CONVULSE, Convulsed. 
 
 CONVUL'SED, ConvuVsus, (F.) Convulse. 
 Same etymon as convulsion. Affected with con- 
 vulsions. 
 
 CONVULSIBILITAS.seeSubsultustendinum. 
 CONVULSIF, Convulsive. 
 CONVULSIO, Convulsion — c. Canina, see 
 Canine laugh. 
 
 Convul'sio Cerea'lis, Convul'sio ab Usti- 
 lag'ine seu Solonien' sis, Ergotis'mus spasmod'i- 
 cus, Myrmeci'asis, 3Iyrmecias' mus, Myrmeeis'mns, 
 Myrmeco'sis, Ce'real Convulsion, (F.) Convulsion 
 cSreale, Ergotisme convulsif, Convulsion de So- 
 logne. A singular disorder of the convulsive 
 
 kind, attended with a peculiar tingling and for- 
 mication in the arms and legs; hence called by 
 the Germans Kriebelkrankheit. It is said 
 to be endemic in some parts of Germany, and to 
 arise often from the use of spoiled corn. See 
 Raphania. 
 
 CoNVULSio Habitualis, Chorea — c. Indica, 
 Tetanus — c. Raphania, Raphania — c. Soloniensis, 
 C. cerealis. Ergotism — c. Tonica, Tonic Spasm — 
 c. Uteri, Abortion. 
 
 C ON V UL'SI N, (S'/iosmMS, Convul'sio, from 
 convellere, {con and vellere, vulsum,) 'to tear, 'to 
 pull together;' Co7idnc'tio, Hieran'osus, Disten'tio 
 nervo'rum, Spastmis clon'icus, ConvuV sio clon'ica, 
 Eclamp'sia, Syspa'sia Convul'sio, Hyjjersjjasm'ia, 
 Clonic Spasm. This word has several accepta- 
 tions. It means any violent perversion of the 
 animal movements. The word Convulsions ge- 
 nerally, however, signifies alternate contractions, 
 violent and involuntary, of muscles, which habi- 
 tually contract only, under the influence of the 
 will. This alternate contraction, when slight, is 
 called tremor ; when strong and permanent, tetct' 
 nus, trismus, &c. Spasms, Cramp, Risus Sardo- 
 nicus, and St. Vitns's Dance are convulsions. 
 
 Convulsion, Salaam', Eclampsia seu Spasmus 
 nutans. A name given to a singular kind of con- 
 vulsion in children, in which there is a peculiar 
 bobbing of the head forward. — Sir Charles Clarke. 
 
 CONVULSION BE SOLOGNE, Convulsio 
 
 CONVULSIONNAIRE (F.). A name given, 
 during the last century, to individuals who had, 
 or affected to have, convulsions, produced by re- 
 ligious impulses. The epithet was first given to 
 fanatics, who exhibited the most wonderful and 
 varied seizures, at the tomb of Paris, a Jansenist, 
 who died in the year 1V27, and was buried in the 
 cemetery of St. Medard. Some of these were 
 called Sauteuses or Jumpers, of whom there have 
 been examples in more recent times : others, from 
 barking like a dog, were called aboyeuses ; and 
 others, from mewing like a cat, miaulantes. 
 
 A form of convulsion, induced by religious 
 frenzy, has been vulgarly called the "jerks," and 
 the gymnastic movements of the Shakers may be 
 placed in the same category. 
 
 CONVULSIONS OF CHILDREN, Eclampsia 
 — c. des Enfans, Eclampsia — c. des Fernmee en- 
 ceintes et en couches. Eclampsia gravidarum et 
 parturientium — c. Puerperal, Eclampsia gravida- 
 rum et parturientium. See Mania, dancing. 
 
 CONVUL'SIVE, Convulsi'vus, Spusmo'des, 
 Agitato'rius, (F.) Convulsif. That which is ac- 
 companied by, or is analogous to, convulsions, as 
 convulsive cough, convulsive disease. 
 
 CONYZA, Inula dysenterica — e. Bifoliata, Se- 
 ricocarpus tortifolius — c. Coma aurea, Solidago 
 Virpranrea — c. Major, C. squarrosa — c. Media, 
 Inula dysenterica — c. Pycnostachya, Pteroeaulon 
 pycnostachyum. 
 
 Cony'za Squarro'sa, C. Major, Brep)hoc'to- 
 non, In'nla squarro'sa, Great Fleabane or Sjjike- 
 nard, (F.) Herbe aux mouches. Ord. Composite. 
 A European plant, whose strong and disagreeable 
 odour was formerly considered to be destructive 
 to flies, fleas, &c. Its infusion in wine was once 
 used as an emmenagogue and anti-icteric; and in 
 vinegar as an anti-epileptic. 
 
 COOKERY, Culinary art. 
 
 COOLWEED, Pilea pumila. 
 
 COONTIE or COONTI, see Arrowroot. 
 
 COOPER'S WELL, see Mississippi, Mineral 
 Waters of. 
 
 COOPERCULUM OCULI, Palpebra. 
 
 COOPERTORIUM, Thyroid cartilage. 
 
 COOSTRUM. The middle part of the dia- 
 phragm. — Ruland. 
 
COOT 
 
 240 
 
 COR 
 
 COOT, Malleolus. 
 COOTH, Catarrh. 
 COPAHIER, Copaiba. 
 COPAHU, Copaiba. 
 
 COPA'IBA. The resinous juice of CojKi'if'era 
 officina'lis seu Jacquini, Copaiva ojfficina' lis, and 
 other species of Copaifera; (F.) Cupahier. Orel. 
 LeguminosEe. Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia. 
 It is the CopaifercB officina'lis Resi'na, Mal'sa- 
 mum CupaibcB seu Brazilien'se seu de Copaiba seu 
 Capi'vi, Balsam of Copaiba or Copaiva, (vul- 
 garly pronounced capee'vy,) (F.) Copahu, Baume 
 de Copahu, B. du Bresil, Teribinthe de CopaTiu. 
 Its odour is peculiar, but not unpleasant ; taste 
 pungent, bitter; consistence, syrupy; colour yel- 
 lowish, and transparent. It is soluble in alcohol, 
 ether, and the expressed oils. S. g. 0.950. Its 
 properties are stimulant and diuretic ; in large 
 doses it is purgative. It acts on the lining mem- 
 brane of the urethra, and on mucous membranes 
 in general. It is given in gonorrhoea, gleet, leu- 
 corrhoea, &c., in the dose of gtt. x to ^j, twice or 
 thrice a day. Should symptoms of urticaria or 
 diarrhoea arise, the dose is too large, and must be 
 diminished. It can be inspissated by means of 
 magnesia so as to be made into pills, and a plan 
 has been devised for enveloping it in gelatin, so 
 that its taste is entirely concealed. See Cap- 
 sules, gelatinous. 
 
 COPAIFERA JACQUINI, see Copaiba — c. 
 Officinalis, see Copaiba. 
 
 COPAIVA OFFICINALIS, see Copaiba. 
 COPAL', Copiale, Resi'na Copal, Gummi copal- 
 li'num. A resinous substance brought from the 
 East Indies, South America, and the western 
 coast of Africa, which flows spontaneously from 
 Elaocar' pns CopalUf erus, Vate'ria Lid'ica, and 
 probably from different species of Hymena'a. 
 Ord. Leguminosae. It is a stimulant like all the 
 resins, and, dissolved in rectified spirits of wine, 
 has been used in cases of spongy gums and loose- 
 ness of the teeth ; but it is now only employed 
 in varnishes. 
 
 COPALCHE BARK, see Croton pseudo-china. 
 COP-BOXE, Patella. 
 COPE. Cut. 
 COPHOMA, Cophosis. 
 COPHONIA, Acouophonia. 
 COPHO'SIS, Copho'ma, CopTi'otes, Sar'ditas, 
 Paracu'sis, Dysmstlie'aia audito' via ; from Kuxpo;, 
 'deaf.' (F.) Surdite. Diminution or loss of 
 hearing. Cullen uses the word synonymously 
 ■with I)ysec(xa, and Pinel with Paraeou'sia or 
 Parac'oe. According to Sauvages, Cophosis dif- 
 fers from both, — from Bysecoea, because in it the 
 sonorous rays cannot reach the labyrinth ; and 
 from Paracousia, which consists in a confused 
 state of hearing. 
 
 Cophosis seems, usually, to be synonymous 
 ■with deafness, — Paracu'sis, Sur'ditas. 
 COPHOTES, Cophosis. 
 COPIOPIA, Copyopia. 
 
 COPOS, Lassitu'do, Fatiga'tio, Zas'situde, Fa- 
 tigue. A state of body in which most of the ani- 
 mal functions are exerted with less promptitude 
 and vigour than common. The ancients admit- 
 ted three species : 1. That arising from plethora, 
 Lassitu'do tensi'va, tono'des; 2. From plethora 
 and increased heat combined, Lassitu'do pMeg- 
 .itono'sa, (Estuo'sa, phlegmono'des ; and, .3. Owing 
 to a morbid condition of the humours, Lassitu'do 
 ulcero'sa, helco'des. 
 
 COPPER, Cuprum — c. Ammoniated, Cuprum 
 ammoniatum — c. Ammonio-sulphate of, Cuprum 
 ammoniatum — -c. Rose, Papaver rhoeas — c. Sub- 
 acetate of, Cupri subacetas — c. Sulphate of, Cupri 
 sulphas — c. Ammoniacal sulphate of, Cuprum 
 ammoniatum. 
 
 COPPERAS, Ferri sulphas — c. White, Zinei 
 sulphas. 
 
 COPPER-NOSE, Gutta rosea. 
 
 COPRACRASIA, Scoracrasia. 
 
 COPRACRATIA, Scoracrasia. 
 
 COPRAGO'GUM, from Korpo;, 'faeces,' and 
 ayw, ' I bring away.' Stercus i primis viis edu'- 
 cens. A cathartic. The name of a laxative elec- 
 tuary, mentioned by Ruland. 
 
 COPRECCRITICUS, Coprocriticus. 
 
 COPREM'ESIS, Copriem'esis, Vom'itus fascu- 
 len'tus seu ster'coris: same etymon as the next. 
 Vomiting of fasces. 
 
 COPREM'ETUS, Coproem'etus, Copriem' etus, 
 Ilerdiv'omus, from Koirpog, 'excrement,' and tjttu), 
 'I vomit.' One who vomits feeces. — Hippocrates. 
 
 COPRIEMESIS, Copremesis. 
 
 COPRIEMETUS, Copremetus. 
 
 COPROCRIT'ICUS, Copreccrit'icus, from kott- 
 pa?, 'excrement,' and xptvii), 'I separate.' A mild 
 cathartic ; an eccoprotic. 
 
 COPROEMETUS, Copremetus. 
 
 COPROEPTSCHESIS, Constipation. 
 
 COPROLITHUS, see Calculi of the stomach 
 and intestines. 
 
 COPROPHORESIS, Catharsis. 
 
 COPROPHORIA, Catharsis. 
 
 COPRORRHCEA, Diarrhoea. 
 
 COPROS, Excrement. 
 
 COPROSCLEROMA, Coprosclerosis. 
 
 COPROSCLERO'SIS, from Ko:r,)oj, 'excrement,' 
 and (TKXripoui, 'I harden.' Induration of fsecal 
 matters ; Coprosclero'ma. 
 
 COPROSTASIS, Constipation. 
 
 COPTE, Copton, from ko-jttui, 'I beat or pound.' 
 A sort of cake, composed of vegetable substances, 
 which the ancients administered internally, and 
 applied to the epigastric region in the form of 
 cataplasm. 
 
 COPTIS, C. trifo'lia, Nigel'la, Helleb'orus 
 tri/o'iius, Fibra au'rea, Chryza Jibrau'rea, Ane- 
 mo'ne Gronlan'dica, Gold thread. Mouth root ; 
 from Ko-Tw, 'to cut,' in reference to the divided 
 leaves. The root of this evergreen — Coptis, (Ph. 
 U. S.) — is much used in Massachusetts, in aph- 
 thous and other ulcerations of the mouth, as a 
 local application. It is a pure bitter, and can be 
 used wherever such is indicated. 
 
 CoPTis Teeta, Mishrae Teeta (Upper Assam), 
 Honglane (Chinese). The root of this plant is 
 considered to be a powerful tonic and stomachic. 
 
 COPTON, Copte. 
 
 COPULA, Ligament — c. Camalis, Coition — c. 
 Cartilaginea, see Sj-nchondrosis — c. Magna cere- 
 bri. Corpus callosum. 
 
 COPULATION, Coition. 
 
 COPYO'PIA, Copio'pia, Kopyo'pia, Kopnn'pia 
 Ophihahnocopia, (F.) Lassitude oculaire, from 
 KOTTOf, 'fatigue,' and a)\l/, 'the eye.' Fatigue of 
 vision. Weakness of sight. Inability of the 
 eye to sustain continued exertion. 
 
 COQ, Phasianus Gallus — c. des Jardins, Tana- 
 cetum. 
 
 CO QUE BTJ LEVANT, see Menispermum 
 coceulus — c. d' CEuf, see Ovum — e. Levant, sqq 
 Menispermum coceulus. 
 
 COQUELICOT. Papaver rhoeas. 
 COQUELOURBE, Anemone Pulsatilla. 
 COQUELVCHE. Influenza. Pertussis 
 
 COQUEN'TIA MEDICAMENT'A, from co- 
 quere, 'to digest.' Medicines which were for- 
 merly believed to be proper for favouring the 
 coction or digestion of food. 
 
 COQUERET, Physalis. 
 
 COQUETTE, Influenza. 
 
 COQUILLE, Cochlea— c. d' GEvf, see Ovum. 
 
 COR, a corn. Also, Heart — e. Aorticum, see 
 Heart — c. Arteriosum, see Heart — c. Bovinum, 
 
CORACO 
 
 241 
 
 CORDOLIUM 
 
 Heart, hypertrophy of the — c. Hirsutum, Cor vil- 
 losum — c. Hispiduiu, Cor villosum — c. Pulmonale, 
 see Heart — c. Taurinum, Heart, hypertrophy of 
 the — c. Tomentosum, Cor villosum — e. Venosum, 
 see Heart. 
 
 Cor Villo'sum, C. tomento' sum seu Tiirsxi'tum 
 seu hisji'idum. The condition of the heart, at 
 times, after pericarditis, when it is studded with 
 projections of fibrinous matter from its surface. 
 
 COR'ACO. In composition, appertaining or 
 relating to the coracoid process. 
 
 CORACOBRACHI^US, Coracobrachialis. 
 
 COR'ACO-BRA'CHIAL, Cor'aco-BraeMa'Us. 
 Belonging both to the coracoid process and arm. 
 
 Coraco-Brachia'lis (Muscle), Coraeohraehi- 
 cb'us, Coraco-humeral — (Ch.), Pei-fora'tus Casse'- 
 Eii, PerfoTo.tus, is situate at the inner and upper 
 part of the arm. It arises from the coracoid 
 process of the scapula, and is inserted at the 
 middle part of the inner side of the humerus. It 
 carries the arm forwards and inwards, raising 
 the humerus a little. It can, also, by acting in- 
 versely, depress the shoulder. 
 
 _ CORACO-CLAVIC'ULAR, Coraco-clavieula'- 
 r!s. Belonging to the coracoid process and cla- 
 vicle. 
 
 CoRAco Clavicular LiGAirENT — called, also, 
 
 Omo-claviculm serves to unite the clavicle to 
 
 the coracoid process. It is very irregular, and 
 formed of two fasciculi, which the greater part 
 of anatomists have described as particular liga- 
 ments, under the names Conoid and Tra2Jezoid. 
 
 CORACODES, Coracoid. 
 
 CORACO-HUMERALIS, Coraco-brachialis — 
 c. Hyoideus, Omohyoideus — c. Radialis, Biceps 
 flexor eubiti. 
 
 COR'ACOID, CoracoVdeus, Coraco'i'dea, Cora- 
 co'des, from xropaf, KopaKog, 'a crow,' and etSog, 
 'resemblance.' (F.) Coraeo'ide. Resembling the 
 beak of a crow. A name given by Galen — and 
 still retained — to the short, thick process, situate 
 at the anterior part of the upper margin of the 
 scapula, which has some resemblance to the beak 
 of a crow. Process'us Coracot'deus seu uncina'- 
 tus seu cornicula'ris seu anchora' lis seu rostri- 
 form'is seu cmcyroi'des, Croius beak-like ]}roces8. 
 This process gives attachment to the Coraco-cla- 
 vio'tdar and Coraco-acro'mial ligaments, and to 
 the^Coraco-hro.cMa'lis, Feetora'lis minor, and 
 Biceps muscles. 
 
 Coracoid Lig'amext, Ligamen'tum eoracoV- 
 deum, (F.) L. C'oraeoidien. This name is given 
 to the small fibrous fasciculus, which converts 
 the notch, at the superior margin of the scapula, 
 into a foramen. 
 
 COB AIL, Coral — c. des Jardins, Capsicum 
 annuura. 
 
 CORAL, Coral'lium, Coral'lus, Coura'h'ttm, 
 Arhor Maris, Azitr, Bole' sis, from Koptiii, '1 adorn,' 
 and 'a\i, 'the sea;' and, according to some, from 
 Kopri, 'a daughter,' and 'aXf, 'the sea.' (F.) Corail. 
 One of the most beautiful productions of the deep. 
 It is fixed to submarine rocks, in the form of a 
 shrub, and is of a bright red colour. It is the 
 habitation of a multitude of animals, of the Zoo- 
 phyta order, and is formed of a calcareous sub- 
 stance, secreted by the animals themselves. It 
 is in very hard, concentric layers ; covered, ex- 
 ternally, by a species of porous bark, full of 
 cellules, each of which contains one of these 
 animals. Linneeus calls the red coral, his noh'- 
 ilis, and M. de Lamarck, Coral'lium rnhrum. It 
 is much fished for on the coasts of Barbary and 
 Sicily. Coral was formerly esteemed tonic, ab- 
 sorbent, astringent, &c. ; but analysis has shown, 
 that it contains only carbonate of lime and a lit- 
 tle gelatin. — Dioscorides, Pliny, Oribasius, the 
 Geoponica, <fec. Corallium album is a hard, 
 white, calcareous, brittle substance, the nidus of 
 16 
 
 the Madrepi' ora ocula'ta. It has been given as 
 an absorbent. 
 
 CORALLI'jSTA. Diminutive of Corallium : 
 3Tuscu8 marit'imus, Corallina officinu'lis, Brion, 
 Corallina alba, Sea Cor'alline, White Worm-weed, 
 (F.) Coralline blanche. The production of an 
 animal, which belongs to the class Pol'ypi, and 
 which is found in all the seas of Europe; — par- 
 ticularly in the Mediterranean. It has the ap- 
 pearance of a plant, is homogeneous, an inch or 
 two in height, of a white, reddish, or greenish 
 colour, salt taste, and marine smell. It contains 
 gelatin, albumen, chloride of sodium, phosphate, 
 carbonate, and sulphate of lime, carbonate of 
 magnesia, silica, oxide of iron, and a colouring 
 principle. It was once much used as a vermi- 
 fuge; but is not now employed. Dose, ^ss to 3J, 
 in powder. 
 
 Corallina Corsica'na, C. rubra, Helminiho- 
 chorton, Helminthochort'um, Elminthochorton, 
 Muscus helminthochortos, Melithochorton, Muscns 
 coralli'nus seu Mari'nns seu Cor'sicns, Confer'va 
 Helminthochortos, SphcBrococ'cus helminthochor- 
 tos, Gigarti'na seu Ploca'ria seu Fucus helmin- 
 thochorton, Coralli'na melitochorton, Lemithochor- 
 ton, Ceru'mium helminthochort'us, Corsican Worm- 
 weed, (F.) Coralline de Corse ou noire, ilousse 
 de Corse. It is a mixture of several marine plants 
 and zoophytes, as the fucus, ceramium, viva, co- 
 ralline, conferva, &c., and has gained great repu- 
 tation for destroying all kinds of intestinal worms, 
 when given in strong decoction. The Geneva 
 Pharmacopoeia directs an oflBcinal syrup — the 
 Sir op de Coralline. 
 
 CORALLINE BLANCHE, Corallina — c. de 
 Corse, Corallina Corsicana — c. Noire, Corallina 
 Corsicana. 
 
 CORALLOIDES FUNGUS, Clavaria coral- 
 loides. 
 
 CORALWORT, Clavaria coralloides. 
 
 CORCULUM GERMINIS, see Molecule. 
 
 CORD, Funis, Funic'ulus, Chcenos, Ohoe'nion, 
 ;^oivoj, -x^oiviov, from the Latin Chorda, which is 
 itself derived from x°P^^> 'intestine;' and, after- 
 wards, was applied to musical cords or strings, 
 made of the intestines of animals. See Chorda. 
 
 Cord, Spermatic, see Spermatic cord — c. Um- 
 bilical, Funiculus umbilicalis. 
 
 Cords, Vocal, Cords of Ferrein, Chorda vo- 
 ca'les, Ch. Ferre'nii. A name given to the liga- 
 ments of the glottis, which Ferrein compared to 
 stretched cords, and to which he attributed the 
 production of voice. See Thyreo-arytenoid Liga- 
 ment. 
 
 CORD A, Chorda — c. Hippocratis, Achillis 
 tendo — c. Magna, Achillis tendo — c. Spinalis, 
 Medulla spinalis. 
 
 CORDE BU TAMBOVR, Chorda tympani 
 — c. dM Tympan, Chorda tympani. 
 
 CORDEE, Chordee. 
 
 CORDIA AFRICANA, Sebestina— c. Domes- 
 tica, Sebestina — c. Myxa, Sebestina — c. Obliqua, 
 Sebestina — c. Sebestina, Sebestina — c. Smooth- 
 leaved, Sebestina. 
 
 COR'DIAL, Cordia'lis, Cardi' acus, from cor, 
 cordis, 'the heart.' A tonic or excitant medicine, 
 judged to be proper for exciting the heart. A 
 warm stomachic. 
 
 Cordial, Godfrey's, see Godfrey's Cordial — c. 
 Nervous, Brodum's, see Tinctura gentianje com- 
 posita — e. Sir Walter Raleigh's, Coirfectio aroma- 
 tica — c. "Warner's, see Tinctura rhei et senna;. 
 
 CORDIFORM TENDON OF THE DIA- 
 PHRAGM, Centre, phrenic. 
 
 CORDINE'MA, from Kapa, 'the head,' [?] and 
 hvtiii, ' I move about.' Headache, accompanied 
 with vertigo. See Carebaria. 
 
 CORDIS EMUNCTORIUM, Axilla. 
 
 CORDOLIUM, Cardialgia. 
 
CORDON 
 
 242 
 
 COEN 
 
 CORDON(¥.), Funic'ulus, diminutive oi funis, 
 'a cord.' A term applied to many parts, which 
 resemble a small cord. 
 
 CORDON NER VEUX, Ramus Nervo'sus. A 
 principal division of a nerve, or the nervous trunk 
 itself. 
 
 CORDON OMBILICALE, Funiculus umbili- 
 calis — c. Spermatique, Spermatic chord — c. Testi- 
 culaire, Spermatic chord. 
 
 CORDONS SUS-PUBIENS, Round liga- 
 ments of the uterus — c. Vasculaires, Round liga- 
 ments of the uterus. 
 CORDS, see Cord. 
 CORE, Pupil, see Furunculus. 
 COREC'LISIS, Ankyloc'ore, Atretops'ia, from 
 Kopv, 'pupil,' and k\uui, '1 close.' Closure or 
 obliteration of the pupil.' 
 
 CORECTOMIA, see Coretomia. 
 CORECTOP'IA, from Kopr,, 'the pupil,' ek, 'out 
 of,' and TOTTo;, 'place.' Displacement of the pupil. 
 A condition of the iris in which one segment is 
 larger than the other; so that the pupil is not in 
 the centre. — Von Ammon. 
 
 CORBDIALYSIvS, see Coretomia. 
 CORE'MATA, from Koptw, 'I cleanse.' Reme- 
 dies proper for cleansing the skin. — Paulus of 
 .ffigina. 
 
 COREMETAMORPHOSIS, Dyscoria. 
 COREMORPHO'MA, same etymon as the next. 
 A morbid change in the shape of the pupil. 
 
 COREMORPHO'SIS, Conforma'tio impiWa 
 artificia'lis, Cor' eplasty , from kooyj, 'the pupil,' 
 and pop(p(j>cni, 'formation.' The operation for 
 artificial pupil. See Coretomia. 
 
 CORENCLEI'SIS, from KOf)?;, 'the pupil,' and 
 ty/cXtiu, 'to include.' Operation for artificial 
 pupil, which consists in drawing out, through an 
 incision in the cornea, a portion of the iris, and 
 cutting it off. 
 
 COREON'CION, Coron'cion, Coreon'cium, from. 
 Kopri, 'the pupil,' and oyKivoi, 'a small hook.' An 
 instrument, used for the formation of artificial 
 pupil by Langenbeck. It is hooked at its ex- 
 tremity. A double-hooked forceps, used by Von 
 Grafe, is similarly named. 
 
 COREOP'SIS TRICHOSPER'MA, Ticktceed 
 sunflower, Tickseed sunflower; from Kopig, 'the 
 bug,' and o\ptg, 'resemblance.' An indigenous 
 plant, of the Composite Family, with large golden 
 yellow rays, which flowers in September. It is 
 said to have been used as an alterative. 
 COREPLASTY, Coremorphosis. 
 CORETODIALYSIS, see Coretomia. 
 CORETOMEDIALYSIS, see Coretodialysis. 
 CORETOM'IA, from Kopr,, 'the pupil,' and 
 Tspivuv, 'to cut.' Iridotoni'ia, Coretotom'ia, Coro- 
 tom'ia, Iridectom'ia, Coretonectom'ia, Corectom'ia, 
 Iridodial'ysis, Corodial'ysxs, Coredial'ysis, Oore- 
 todiaVysis, Coretomedial'ysis, Iridotomedial'ysis. 
 Iridectomedial'ysis. Various operations for the 
 formation of artificial pupil are so termed. The 
 first four signify the simple incision of the iris 
 for that purpose ; the next three, excision of the 
 iris, or incision with loss of substance ; the next 
 four the simple separation or tearing asunder of 
 the iris from the ciliary ligament; the next two 
 such separation with incision of the iris; and the 
 last such separation with excision of the part of 
 the iris detached. When a portion of the iris is 
 left strangulated in the wound, it is termed Iri- 
 denclei'sis, Iridencleis'mus, and Iridotenclei' sis, 
 CORETONECTOMIA, see Coretomia. 
 CORETOTOMIA, Coretomia. 
 CORIAN'DER, from Kopis, 'the bug :' the smell 
 of the fresh herb resembling that of the bug. [?] 
 Coriandrum sativum. 
 
 CORIANDRUM CICUTA, Cicuta virosa— c. 
 Maculatum, Conium maeulatum. 
 
 Corian'dkoji Sati'vdm, Corian'der, Corian'- 
 
 non, (F.) Goriandre. Family, Umbelliferse. Sex. 
 Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The seeds of the co- 
 riander — Corian'drum (Ph. U. S.), Coriannon — 
 have an aromatic odour, and grateful, pungent 
 taste. They arc carminative, but are chiefly 
 used to cover the taste of other medicines. 
 CORIANNON, Coriandrum sativum. 
 CORIGEEN, Fucus crispus. 
 CORIITIS, Cvtitis. 
 
 CORINTHIAC^, see Vitis Corinthiaea. 
 CORION, Corium, Hypericum perforatum. 
 CORIS, Cimex — c. Monspeliensis, Symphytum 
 Petrseum. 
 
 CO'RIUM, Corion, (F.) Cuir. The skin of 
 animals is so called, especially when tanned. 
 The cutis vera, or the thickest part of the human 
 skin. 
 
 Corium Phlogis'ticum, Crusta pleuret'ica seu 
 inflammato'ria seu phlogis'tica, Pegmin, Inflani'- 
 matory Crust or Buff, Buffy Coat, (F.) Couenne, 
 C. Pleuretique, C. Inflarnmatoire. The grayish 
 crust or buflf, varying in thickness, observed on 
 blood drawn from a vein during the existence of 
 violent inflammation, pregnancy, <fec. It is par- 
 ticularly manifest in pleurisy, and hence one of 
 its names. For its production, it appears to be 
 requisite, that there should be an increase in the 
 proportion of the fibrinous element of the blood 
 over that of the red corpuscles, with increased 
 aggregation of those corpuscles. Under such 
 circumstances, the bufiy coat assumes a concave 
 appearance on its upper surface, and the blood is, 
 therefore, said to be cupped. 
 
 The bufi" is generally believed to consist of 
 fibrin ; but, according to the researches of Mul- 
 der, it is composed of abinoside of protein, which 
 is insoluble in boiling water, and a tritoxide which 
 is soluble. These oxides are comprehended by 
 him under the name oxyprotein. 
 
 When the blood presents the above appearance, 
 it is said to be huffy. 
 CORK, Suber." 
 
 C0R2IIER, Sorbus domestica. 
 CORMUS. In botany, when the stem of a 
 plant, without creeping or rooting, is distended 
 under ground, retaining a round or oval form, it 
 is so called. The Cormus is vulgarly termed a 
 root, — radix. 
 
 CORN, (Saxon copn,) (G.) Kern. In Eng- 
 land, this word means the Cerealia, or those 
 seeds, which grow in ears, not in pods. In the 
 United States, Corn always means Indian Corn. 
 Its English sense corresponds to the French B16 
 or Bled. 
 
 Corn, Claviis, Clavua Pedis, Ecphy'ma Clavim, 
 Gemur'sa, (F.) Cor, Ognon, from cornu, 'a horn.' 
 A small, hard, corneous tumour, which forms 
 upon the foot, generally on the toes ; and is com- 
 monly produced on the most projecting parts, by 
 the pressure of too tight shoes. A part of the 
 corn is raised above the skin, and forms a round 
 tumour, like the head of a nail : the other por- 
 tion, which serves as its base, is buried more or 
 less deeply in the integuments, and occasionally 
 extends as far as the tendons and periosteum. 
 Corns may, sometimes, be removed, by immers- 
 ing the feet in warm water, but commonly they 
 return. They can, likewise, be destroyed by the 
 knife or caustic, or by paring them down and 
 pulling them out by the roots ; but these opera- 
 tions are not always as simple as they seem. In 
 the way of palliation, they must be constantly 
 pared ; and, for the purpose of preventing pres- 
 sure, any soft plaster, spread upon linen or leather, 
 'may be applied, with a hole in the centre to re- 
 ceive the corn ; and layer after layer of plaster 
 be added, until they attain the level of the corn. 
 When very irritable, the lunar caustic, rubbed 
 over the surface, will generally diminish irritabi- 
 
CORNALINE 
 
 243 
 
 C E N U 
 
 lity surprisingly, and in a mode not easy of ex- 
 planation. 
 
 Corn, Zea mays. 
 CoEN Cockle, Lychnis githago. 
 Corn,. Guinea, Panicum Italicum — c. Indian, 
 Zea mays — c. Wild, Matricaria chamomilla. 
 
 Corn Flag, Gladiolus vulgaris — c. Flower, 
 Centaurea cyanus — c. Salad, Valeriana dentata. 
 Corn, Squirrel, Dicentra Canadensis. 
 CORNALINE, Cornelian. 
 CORNE, Cornu — c. d'Ammon, Cornu ammonis 
 — c. de Belier, Cornu ammonis — c. de Cerf, Cer- 
 vus, Cornu cervi, Cochlearia coronopus — c. de 
 Chamois, Cornu rupicapras ■ — -c. Descendante ou 
 inferieure du ventricule lateral, Cornu descendens 
 ventriculi lateralis — c. de la Peau, Cornu — c. 
 Posterieare du ventricule lateral, Cornu posterius 
 seu posticum ventriculi lateralis. 
 CORNE, Corneous. 
 
 COR'NEA, C. transpa'rens seu pellu' cida seu 
 lu'cida, Ceras, Sclerot'ica ceratoi'des, CeratoV des 
 seu Cerato'des membra'na, Ceratome'ninx, 3fem- 
 hra'na cornea; from cornu, 'horn.' The trans- 
 parent cornea. (F.) Cornee. One of the coats 
 of the eye, so called because it has some resem- 
 blance to horn. It is termed transparent to dis- 
 tinguish it from the opalce — Cornea opa'ca or 
 Sclerotic. It is convex, anteriorly ; concave, 
 posteriorly; forming nearly one-fifth of the an- 
 terior part of the eye, and representing a segment 
 of a sphere about seven lines and a half, or in. 
 0'625 in diameter. It seems to be constituted of 
 laminae in superposition, but of the precise num- 
 ber anatomists are not agreed. Henle assigns it 
 four; the third, a very solid cartilaginous lamella, 
 being called Membrane de Bemours or J/, de Des- 
 cemet : see Aqueous humour. Messrs. Todd and 
 Bowman assign it five layers. 
 
 Cornea, Conical, Staphyloma of the cornea — 
 e. Opake, Caligo — c. Opaca, Sclerotic — c. Sugar- 
 loaf, Staphyloma of the cornea. 
 CORNEE, Cornea. 
 CORNEITIS, Ceratitis. 
 
 CORNEL, ALTERNATE-LEAVED, Cornus 
 alternifolia — e. American Red-rod, Cornus serieea 
 — c. Large-flowered, Cornus Florida — c. Panicled, 
 Cornus paniculata — c. Round-leaved, Cornus cir- 
 cinata — c. White, Cornus paniculata. 
 
 CORNE'LIAN, Came'Uan, Chalcedo'nius, 
 Came' olus, Lapis Carne'olus, Corne'lus,Corne' olas. 
 Lapis Sard' ius, (F.) Cornaline. A precious, semi- 
 transparent stone, found in Sardinia. The an- 
 cients ascribed to it a number of absurd properties. 
 CORNELUS, Cornelian. 
 CORNEOLUS, Cornelian. 
 
 COR'NEOUS, Cor'neus, Horny, (F.) Corni, 
 from cornu, ' a horn.' Having the nature or ap- 
 pearance of horn. 
 
 Corneous Tissue, Tela eor'nea, is that which 
 forms the nails. The corneous membrane is the 
 cornea. 
 
 CORNE S DU CARTILAGE THYROIDE, 
 Cornua cartilaginis thyroidefe — c. du Coccyx, Cor- 
 Buacoceygis — c. de VHyoide, Cornua hyoidei ossis. 
 CORNES DE LniAgON{¥.), Snail's Horns. 
 A name given by Anel to the lachrymal puneta 
 and ducts. 
 
 CORNES DE LA MATRICE, Cornua uteri 
 — c. de la Peau, Horny excrescences. 
 CORNESTA, Retort. 
 
 CORNET ACOUSTIQUE, Ear-trumpet — c. 
 31oyen, Turbinated bone, middle — e. de Morgagni, 
 Turbinated bone, superior. 
 
 CORNETS, Turbinated honQs — c. de Bertin, 
 Sphenoidal cornua — c. Sphenoidaux, Sphenoidal 
 cornua. 
 
 CORNICHON, see Cucumis sativus — c. de 
 Cerf, Cornu cervi. 
 
 CORNICULARIS PROCESSUS, Coracoid 
 process. 
 
 CORNIC'ULUM', diminutive of cornu, 'a horn.' 
 'a little horn.' A species of cupping instrument, 
 shaped like a trumpet, having a hole at the top 
 for sucking the air out, to diminish the pressure 
 in its interior. — Scultetus, Hildanus. 
 
 Corniculum Laryn'gis, Capit'ulum Santori'ni 
 seu Laryn'gis seu Cartilag"inis aryteno'idecB, Su- 
 pra-arytenoid Car'tilage, Car'tilage of Santorini. 
 A small, very movable, cartilaginous tubercle, 
 found on the arytenoid cartilages. 
 CORNIER, Cornus Florida. 
 CORNIFICATION, Racor,iissement. 
 CORNINE, see Cornus Florida. 
 CORNOUILLER, Cornus Florida— c. d 
 Feuilles arrondies, Cornus circinata — c. d Grandes 
 fleurs, Cornus Florida — c. Soyeux, Cornus sericca. 
 CORNU, Ceras, Corn, Horn. (F.) Come. A 
 conical, hard, epidermous projection, which 
 grows on the heads of certain animals, serving 
 them as a weapon of offence and defence. Ana- 
 tomists have given this name to parts of the hu- 
 man body, which have nearly the same shape as 
 the horns of animals. 
 
 Cornu. A horny excrescence; a corneous wart, 
 which occasionally forms on the skin, and requires 
 the use of the knife ; (F.) Come de la Peau. — See 
 Corn. Also, Cornu Cervi. — See Cervus. Also, 
 a Retort. 
 
 Cornu Acusticum, Ear-trumpet. 
 Cornu Ammo'nis, C. Arie'tis, Hippocam'pus 
 major. Pes hippocam'jn major. Pes Hippopot'ami 
 major, Protuberan'tia cylind' rica. Vermis Bom- 
 byc"inu8, Proces'sus cer'ebri latera'lis, (F.) Come 
 d'Ammon ou de Belier, Grande Hipjjocampe, 
 Pied de cheval marin. Protuberance cyliadroide 
 (Ch.), Bourrelet roule. A broad, considerable 
 eminence, curved on itself, and situate at the 
 posterior part of the lateral ventricle. Its sur- 
 face presents two or three tubercles separated 
 from each other by'shallow grooves. 
 
 The Aceesso'rius Pedis Hipj)ocamp'i, (F.) Ac- 
 cessoire du pied d'hippocampe, is a prominence, 
 usually formed by the base of the inferior cornu 
 of the lateral ventricle of the brain. It is merely 
 a fold of the hemisphere, and was by Malacarne 
 called Cuissart ou Armure des Jambes. 
 
 Cornu Axterius seu Anti'cuii Ventric'tili 
 Latera'lis; Anterior Comu of the Lat'eral Ven'- 
 tricle. The portion of the lateral ventricle of the 
 brain, which is lodged in the middle of the lobe, 
 and forms the commencement of that cavity. 
 
 Cornu Cervi, Conm, C. Cervi'num, Cervi 
 El'aphi Cornu, Hartshorn, (F.) Come de cerf, 
 Bois de cerf, Comichon de cerf. The horns of 
 various species of the stag. They contain about 
 27 per cent, of gelatin. The Shavings, Raspa- 
 tu'ra seu Ras'ura Cornu Cervi, C. C. raspa'tum, 
 boiled in water, have, consequently, been es- 
 teemed emollient and nutritive. 
 
 Hartshorn Jelly may be made as follows : 
 
 Hartshorn shavings, ^vj ; boil in water Oiv to 
 Oij ; strain, and add, whilst hot, of lemon-juice, 
 two tablespoonfuls ; white sugar, ^^vj ; and Sherry 
 wine, two glasses. A good' nutriment for the sick, 
 where wine is not improper. 
 
 AVhen burnt, the shavings constitute the Cornu 
 cervi calcina'tum, Cornu ustum, Phosphas Calcis 
 Galea' ria phosphor' ica, (F.) Come de cerf calcinee, 
 Phosphate de chaux, which consists of 57-5 per 
 cent, of phosphate of lime. It has been used as 
 an antacid, but is wholly inert, as its composition 
 would indicate. It contains only 1 per cent, of 
 carbonate of lime. 
 
 Phosphate of lime has also been given in osteo- 
 malacia, from a presumption that the disease is 
 owing to a deficiency of earthy matter in the 
 
CORNUA 
 
 244 
 
 CORONARY 
 
 blood, which is doubtless an error — the fault being 
 in the agents of assimilation or the cells of nu- 
 trition. With as little propriety, it has been pro- 
 posed as an excitant to the healthy action of the 
 cells in tuberculosis. 
 
 Bone earth is usually sold in the shops for burnt 
 hartshorn. 
 
 The Dublin Pharmacopoeia has a Calcis pJios- 
 phas prmcipita'tum, prepared by dissolving burnt 
 ox bones in muriatic acid, and precipitating by 
 solution of ammonia. The dried precipitate, 
 called hone pTiosphate of lime, has no virtues not 
 possessed by the cornu ustum. 
 
 Hartshorn was once supposed to possess a be- 
 zoardic power. 
 
 CoRNij Cervinum, Cervus, Plantago corono- 
 pus. 
 
 CoRNTT Descex'dens Ventric'uli Latera'lis, 
 (F.) Come descendante ou inferievre du ventricide 
 lateral, Dirf'ital Cav'ity, Descending or inferior 
 cornu of the lateral ventricle. The termination 
 of the lateral ventricle in the middle lobe of the 
 brain, behind the tissure of Sylvius. 
 
 CoRXU Ethmoidal, Turbinated bone, middle — 
 c. Middle, Turbinated bone, middle. 
 
 CoRxu Poste'rius seu Posti'cum Ventric'uli 
 Latera'lis, Cavitas digita'ta, Posterior Cornu 
 of the Lateral Ventricle. (F.) Come posterieure 
 dii ventricide lateral. The triangular prolonga- 
 tion of the lateral ventricle of the brain into the 
 substance of the occipital lobe. 
 
 CoRNtT Eupica'pr^, (F.) Come de Chamois. 
 The horn of the chamois. It has the same pro- 
 perties as the Cornu Cervi. 
 
 CORNUA, Turbinated bones. 
 
 Cornua Cartilag"i>;is Thyroide^, {'F.)Cornes 
 du Cartilage thyro'ide. Eminences on the thyroid 
 cartilage, distinguished into great or superior, 
 which are articulated with the great cornu of the 
 OS hyoides ; — ^^and into small or inferior, united 
 with the cricoid cartilage. 
 
 CorxTjA Coccy'giS, Cornua of the Coccyx, (F.) 
 Comes du Coccyx. Two small, tubercular emi- 
 nences at the base of the coccyx, which are 
 articulated with those of the sacrum. 
 
 Cornua Cutanea, Horny excrescences. 
 
 Cornua Htoidei Ossis, Badi'ces ossis hyoVdei, 
 Cornua of the Hyoid Bone, (F.) Comes de 
 I'hyo'ide. Four fragments of the os hyoides, 
 situate above the body of the bone, and distin- 
 guished into the sm.all or supierior, and the great 
 or lateral. 
 
 Cornua Lacrymalta, Lachrymal ducts — c. 
 Limacum, Lachrymal ducts, see Lachrymal 
 pun eta. 
 
 Cornua Sacra'lia, Cornua of the Sacrum. 
 Two tubercles, situate at the posterior and in- 
 ferior surface of the sacrum, which are some- 
 times united. 
 
 Cornua, Sphenoidal, see Sphenoidalia cornua 
 — c. Styloid, see Hyoides, os. 
 
 Cornua U'teri, Cornua of the U'terus, Cermm, 
 Kepaiai, Plec'tanm, (P.) Gomes de la Matrice. The 
 angles of the uterus, where the Fallopian tubes 
 arise. Sometimes applied to the Fallopian tubes 
 themselves. 
 
 CORNUE. Retort— o. Tuhidee, see Retort. 
 
 CORNUMUSA, Retort. 
 
 CORNUS ALTERXIPO'LIA, AUemate-leaved 
 Cornel; indigenous. Nat. Ord. Cornacese. The 
 bark is one of the "Shaker medicines," being 
 considered diaphoretic and astringent. 
 
 Cornus Amomus, C. sericea — c. Blueberried, 
 C. sericea. 
 
 GoRNUS Circina'ta, 0. tomento'sn. Round- 
 leaved Cornel or Dogwood, (F.) Cornoniller d feu- 
 illes arrondies. Order, CornaeeEe. The bark of 
 this variety has been used for similar purposes 
 with the nest. 
 
 CoRNUS Flor'ida, Dogwood, Dogtree, Boxtree, 
 Bitter Bedberry,Large-Jloicered Cornel, MaleCreat- 
 fowered Dogwood, Florida Dogwood, Virginian 
 Dog^Dood, Boxwood {New England), (P.) Cor- 
 nouiller, Cornier, C. a. grandes Jleurs. The bark 
 of this beautiful tree, which grows everywhere in 
 the United States, has been long employed as a 
 substitute for cinchona. Dose, from ,^ss to 3J- 
 Its active principle has been separated from it, 
 and received the name of Comine. 
 
 CoRNUs Femina, C. sericea — c. Mas odorata, 
 Laurus sassafras. 
 
 Cornus Panicula'ta, Pan'icled or White Cor- 
 nel or Dogwood, indigenous, has been used as a 
 substitute for Cornus Florida. 
 
 Cornus RubiginosAj C. sericea — c. Sanguinea, 
 Sebestina, C. sericea. 
 
 Cornus Seri'cea, C. amo'mus seu fe'mina seu 
 ruhigino'sa seu Sanguin'ea, Swamp Dogwood, 
 Red Willoxo, Rose Willorc, New England Dog- 
 lEood, Female Dogwood, Silky-leaved Dogwood, 
 American Red-rod Cornel, Red-rod, Red O'sier, 
 Blueberried Dogwood, Blueberried Cornus, (P.) 
 CornouiUer soyeux. The bark, it is said, has 
 been found little inferior to Cinchona Pallida in 
 intermittents. — Barton. 
 
 Cornus Tomentosa, C. circinata. 
 
 CORNUTA, Retort. 
 
 CORODIALTSIS, see Coretomia. 
 
 COROLLA INFUNDIBULIPORMIS, see 
 Tube, Fallopian. 
 
 CORONA, Crown — c. Ciliaris, Ciliary body — 
 c. Dentis, Crown of a tooth — c. Glandis, Crown 
 of the glans — c. Posterior uln^. Olecranon. 
 
 Coro'na Ra'dians, Ra'diating Croion of Reil. 
 Fasciculi of white fibres radiate in all directions 
 from every part of the surface of the optic thala- 
 mus, excepting its inner side, which is free and 
 corresponds to the third ventricle ; the anterior 
 of these fibres pass directly forwards, the middle 
 fibres outwards, and the posterior backwards, 
 forming the coro'na ra'dians. 
 
 Corona Regia, Trifolium melilotus — e. Ulnae, 
 Olecranon — c. Veneris, Crown of Venus. 
 
 CORONA CILIARIS MEMBRANULA, Cili- 
 ary zone — c. Palpebrarum, see Tarsus. 
 
 "CORONAD, see Coronal Aspect. 
 
 CORO'NAL, Corona'lis, Corona'rivs. Relating 
 to the crown / from corona, 'a crown.' A name 
 formerly given to the frontal bone, because on it 
 partly reposes the crown of kings. 
 
 Coronal Aspect. An aspect towards the 
 plane of the corona or crown of the head. Coro- 
 nad is used adverbially to signify 'towards the 
 coronal aspect.' — Barclay. 
 
 Coronal Suture, Sutu'ra corona'lis, S. Fronto- 
 parieta'lis, Puppis Sutu'ra, S. Arcua'lis. The 
 suture of the head, which extends from one tem- 
 poral bone to the other, over the crown of the 
 head, and unites the parietal bones with the 
 frontal. The Suture Coronale of the French 
 anatomists is the suture which unites the two 
 halves of the os frontis at the early period of life. 
 It is a prolongation of the sagittal. 
 
 CORONALE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These waters are found near Lucca, in Italy. 
 They received their name from an erroneous 
 notion, that they are particularly adapted for 
 curing diseases of the os frontis. Their tempe- 
 rature is 95° Fahrenheit. They contain free 
 carbonic acid, sulphates of lime and magnesia, 
 chlorides of sodium and magnesium, &c., and 
 some iron. 
 
 CORONARIUS, Coronal. 
 
 COR'ONART, Corona'riiis, (P.) Coronaire, 
 from corona, 'a crown.' Resembling a crown. 
 
 Cor'onary Artery op the Stomach, Arte'ria 
 Corona'ria Ventric'uli seu Gas'trica supe'rior, 
 (P.) Art^re coronaire stomachique, A. Stomogns- 
 
CORONCION 
 
 2 45 
 
 CORPORA STRIATA 
 
 trique (Ch.), is one of the branches of the coeliac, 
 which passes towards the superior orifice of the 
 stomach, extends along its lesser curvature, and 
 ends by anastomosing with the pyloric branch 
 of the hepatic. This artery furnishes branches 
 to the inferior part of the oesophagus, the cardiac 
 orifice, the great cul-de-sac, the middle part of 
 the stomach, the lesser omentum, and anasto- 
 moses with the other arteries of those organs. 
 
 CoROXARY LiGAJiENT of the liver is a reflection 
 of the peritoneum, which surrounds the posterior 
 margin of the liver. The same term is likewise 
 applied to ligaments which unite the radius and 
 ulna. 
 
 Coronary Plexus of the Heart. The ante- 
 rior and posterior coronary plexuses of the heart 
 are derived from the anterior and posterior car- 
 diac plexuses. See Cardiac Plexus. 
 
 Coronary Plexus of the Stomach. This 
 plexus of nerves is given off from the upper part 
 of the solar plexus. 
 
 Coronary Sinus op the Heart, Sinus, coro- 
 nary, venous — c. Sinus of Ridley, Sinus corona- 
 rius. 
 
 Coronary Tendons, Ten'dines corona'ricB. 
 The fibro-cartilaginous rings at the orifices of the 
 coronary arteries and aorta. 
 
 Coronary Vein of the Stomach, Vena Coro- 
 na'ria Ventrie'uli, accompanies the artery, and 
 terminates in the vena porta. Sommering, and 
 some other anatomists, call all the four arteries 
 of the stomach Corona' ria Stomach' iem. 
 CORONCIOIv^, Coreoncion. 
 CORO'NE, from ogwviq, 'a crow.' The coro- 
 noid process of the lower jaw. 
 
 COR'OXOID, Corono'i'des, frOTa Kopuivij, 'a 
 crow,' and eiSog, 'shape,' 'resemblance.' Re- 
 sembling the beak of a crow. The name has 
 been given to two processes. One, situate at the 
 anterior and superior part of the ramus of the os 
 maxillare inferius, and affording attachment to 
 the temporal muscles : the other, called, also, 
 sharp process, situate at the superior part of the 
 ulna, anterior to the great sigmoid fossa, and 
 forming a part of the hinge of the elbow-joint. 
 COROXOPODIUM, Piautago eoronopus. 
 COROXOPUS, Cochlearia eoronopus — c. De- 
 pressus, Cochlearia eoronopus — c. Ruellii, Coch- 
 learia eoronopus — c. Vulgaris, Cochlearia eoro- 
 nopus. 
 
 COROTOMIA, Coretomia. 
 CORP, Cadaver. 
 
 COP»,PORA, see Corpus — c. Albicantia, Mam- 
 millary tubercles. 
 
 Corpora Amyla'cea, Corpus'cula amyla' cea, 
 Amyla'ceous or Am'yloid bodies, Starch cor'pnscles, 
 Animal starch. A name given by Virchow to 
 certain bodies of microscopic size, found chiefly 
 in the human brain and spinal marrow — in the 
 ependyma ventriculorum and its prolongations — 
 mingled with the proper nerve elements; and 
 having most of the chemical characters of cellu- 
 lose. 
 
 Corpora Arantii, Xoduli Arantii, Tubercula 
 A. — c. Bigemina, Quadrigemina corpora — c. Can- 
 dicantia, Albicantia corpora, Mammillary tuber- 
 cles — c. Cavernosa, Cavernous bodies — c. Fibrosa, 
 Corps Fibreux. 
 
 Cor'pora Fimbria'ta, Ta'nia Hippoeam'pi, 
 Fim'briated or fringed bodies, (F.) Corps Franges 
 ou Bovdes, Bandelettes des Comes d'Ammon, Ban- 
 delette de V Hippocampe. The thin, flattened, and 
 very delicate band, situate along the concave edge 
 of the cornu ammonis, which is a continuation 
 of the posterior crura of the fornix. 
 
 Corpora GENtcuLA't'A, (F.) Corps GenicuUs, 
 C. genouilles. Eminences situate at the lower 
 and outer part of the optic thalami. Each optic 
 
 tract commences at the corp'us yenicida'tum ex- 
 tern'um. The corpus genicula'tum intern'ura is 
 merely a tubercle inserted into the bend or knee, 
 formed by the corpus genieulatum externum. 
 
 Corpora Gloeosa Certicis Uteri, Xabothi 
 glandulee — c. Lutea, see Corpus luteum. 
 
 Corpora Malpighia'na, Malpig'hiun Bodies, 
 Ac"ini, Cor'puscles or Glom' erides of IFuJpiig'hi, 
 Glomer'uli rena'les, Corpus'cula ilalpig'hii. Scat- 
 tered through the plexus formed by the blood- 
 vessels and uriniferous tubes in the kidney, a 
 number of small dark points may be seen with 
 the naked eye, which received their name from 
 Malpighi, their describer. Each of these, under 
 the microscope, is found to consist of a convo- 
 luted mass of blood-vessels, which constitutes 
 the true glandule, corpuscle, or glomerule of Mal- 
 pighi. It was at one time supposed that the 
 tubuli uriniferi originate in them; but this does 
 not appear to be the case. Their use is not posi- 
 tively known, but as they have been traced by 
 Mr. Bowman into the commencement of the uri- 
 nary tubes, in which they lie uncovered, it has 
 been supposed that their oiBce may be to sepa- 
 rate the watery portions of the blood to be mixed 
 with the proper urinous matter. 
 
 Corpora Majimillaria, Mammillary tuber- 
 cles — c. Nervio-spongiosa Penis, Corpora caver- 
 nosa — c. Xervosa, Corpora cavernosa. 
 
 Corpora Oliva'ria, C. ova' ta,Eminen' ti cb Oli- 
 va'res seu ova'les latera'les, OU'vce, Prominen'tice 
 Semi'dva'les Medull'cB Oblonga'tcB, [Eminences la- 
 terales, Ch.) Oblong, whitish eminences, situate 
 at the occipital surface of the medulla oblongata, 
 exterior to the corpora pyramidalia. 
 
 Corpora Ovata, Corpora olivaria — c. Pisifor- 
 mia, Mammillary tubercles. 
 
 Corpora Pyramida'lia, Eminen'ticp. pyrami- 
 da'les seu rnedia'nm inter'nm, Pyrn'mides, (F.) 
 Corps pyrarnidaux, Pyramides anterieures (Gall)^ 
 Eminences pyramidales (Ch.) Two medullary 
 bundles, placed on either side of the anterior fis- 
 sure. These bodies have also been called Cor- 
 pora Pyramidalia anti'ca, to distinguish them 
 from the C. olivaria, which have been called 
 Corpora Pyramidalia latera'lia. 
 
 Over a space, commencing 8 or 10 lines below 
 the pons and extending to the lower end of the 
 medulla oblongata, a portion of each pyramid 
 crosses to the opposite side — decussation of the 
 pyramids, Decuss-a'tio pyram'idum. 
 
 Corpora Pyramidalia Posteriora, see Cor- 
 pora restiformia^c. Pyramidalia testis, Coni vas- 
 culosi— c. Quadrigemina, Q. terbercula. 
 
 Corpora Restifor'mia, Crura seu Pedun'culi 
 medul'lcB oblonga'tcs, Corpora pyramidalia. pos- 
 terio'ra, Proces'sns d cerebell.'o ad meduW am ob- 
 longa'tam, Posterior pyramids, Ped'vncles of the 
 medul'la oblonga'ta. Inferior peduncles of the 
 cerebellum, (F.) Corps restiformes, Cuisses pos- 
 tericures. Pyramides posterieures, Racines, Bras 
 ou .Jambes du cervelet, Petiies branches de la 
 moelle uUongee, Pedoncules du cervelet. Two 
 medullary projections, oblong, and of a whitish, 
 appearance, which proceed from each side of the 
 upper extremitj' of the medulla oblongata, and 
 contribute to the formation of the cerebellum. 
 The 2}o^terior pyramids — fascic'uli gra"ciles — 
 are described as distinct from the restiform bodies. 
 They are situate in contact with each other, one 
 on each side of the posterior median fissure. They 
 become closely applied to the restiform bodies, 
 and have been considered to be blended with 
 them, and to proceed to form the cerebellum. 
 According to some, they ascend to the cerebrum. 
 
 Corpora Stria'tA, Grand ganglion superieur 
 dn cerveau (Gall), Couches des nerfs ethmordaux, 
 Corps canneles, Em.inen'ticB Lenticula'res, Collic'- 
 uli Nervi Ethmo'ida'lis, Ajp'ices Crurum medul'lm 
 
CORPS 
 
 246 
 
 CORPUS MUCOSTM 
 
 ohlonga'tcB, Gan'glion cer'ebi ante'riu-s, Anterior 
 cerebral ganglion, (F.) Corps stries. Pyriform 
 eminences of a slit^htly brownish-gray colour, 
 which form part of the floor of the lateral ventri- 
 cles of the brain. When cut, a mixture of gray 
 and white substance is seen, arranged alter- 
 nately, -to which they owe their name. The tract 
 of fibres that ascends from the anterior pyramids 
 passes chiefly into them. Willis considered that 
 the soul resided there. 
 
 Corpora. Striata Supeexa Posteriora, Tha- 
 lami nervorum opticorum — c. Triticea, see Hy- 
 oides OS — c. Wolffiana, see Corpus Wolffianum. 
 
 CORPS, Body — c. Bordes, Corpora fimbriata 
 — e. Calleux, Corpus callosum — c. Canneles, Cor- 
 pora striata — c. Cuveriteux, Corpora cavernosa — 
 c. Cendre, Corpus dentatum — c. Ciliaire, Corpus 
 dentatum — c. Dentele, Corpus dentatum — e, 
 Etranger, Extraneous body — c. Festonne, Corpus 
 dentatum. 
 
 CORPS FIBREUX, Corpora Fihro'sa. Eayle 
 has given this name to adventitious fibrous pro- 
 ductions of a round shape, more or less adherent, 
 and sometimes having a pedicle, which form in 
 certain parts of the body, particularly in the sub- 
 stance of the uterus. 
 
 CORPS FOLLICULAIRE YACmALE, 
 Cowper's glands in the female — c. Franges, Cor- 
 pora fimbriata — e. Genictdes, Corpora genicu- 
 lata — c. Genouilles, Corpora geniculata — c. 
 Godronne, Fascia dentata — c. Humain, see 
 Body — e. Hyahnde, Corpus vitreum — c. d'Hyg- 
 raore ou d'Highmore, Corpus Highmori — c. Jaune, 
 Corpus luteum — c. JLiqueux, Corpus mucosum — 
 c. d'Oken, Corpus WoliBanum — c. Organises, Or- 
 ganized bodies — c. Pampini/orme, Corpus pam- 
 piniforme — c. Phacoide, Crystalline — c. Pyrami- 
 daux. Corpora pyramidalia — c. Restiformes. Cor- 
 pora restiformia — c. Rhombo'ide, Corpus dentatum 
 — c. Stries, Corpora striata — o. Thyroide; Thyroid 
 gland — c. Variciforme, Epididymis — c. Yari- 
 queux, Corpus pampiniforme, Epididj-mis — e. 
 Yitre, Corpus vitreum — c. de Wolff, Corpus 
 Wolfiianum. 
 
 CORPSE. Cadaver. 
 
 CORP'ULENT, Corpulen'tus, Obe'sus, Crassiis, 
 Fat, Fleshy, (Sc.) Corssy, (Prov.) Sobby ; from 
 corpus, 'the body,' and lentits, 'thick.' Having 
 an unusual development of fat or flesh in propor- 
 tion to the frame of the body. 
 
 CORPULEX'TIA, Cor'pulenee, is synonymous 
 ■with Obesity and Poli/sarcia. 
 
 Corpulentia Carxosa, Torositas. 
 
 CORPUS, Soma, a Body. Any object which 
 strikes one or more of our senses. Gases, liquids, 
 metals, vegetables, animals, are so many bodies. 
 Natural bodies have been divided into animal, 
 vegetable, and mineral : or into inorganic, includ- 
 ing the mineral kingdom ; and organised, includ- 
 ing the animal and vegetable. The chief differ- 
 ences between organized and inorganic bodies 
 consists in the former having an origin by gene- 
 ration, growth by nutrition, and termination by 
 death; the latter a fortuitous origin, external 
 growth, and a termination by chemical or mecha- 
 nical force. 
 
 Many parts of the frame have, also, been dis- 
 tinguished by this name, as Corpus Callosum, C. 
 3Iucosum, &c. See Body. 
 
 Corpus Adexiforme, Prostate— c. Adenoides, 
 Prostate — c. Adiposum, Pinguedo — c. Alienum, 
 Extraneous — o. Annulare, Pons varolii. 
 
 Corpus Callo'sum, Commissu'ra Magna seu 
 max'ima cer'ebri, Trabs Jledulla'ris seu Cer'ebri, 
 Trabec'ula seu Cop'ula magna cer'ebri, (F.) Corps 
 Calleux, Youte mednllaire, Plafond des ventri- 
 cules du cerveau, 3Iesolobe (Ch.) A white, me- 
 dullary band, perceived on separating the two 
 hemispheres of the brain, which it connects with 
 
 each other. La Peyronie regarded it as the seat 
 of the soul. On it are seen longitudinal and 
 transverse fibres — Stria longitudina'les Lancis'ii, 
 (see Raphe,) and Stria seu Chor'dce transvcr' sales 
 Willis'ii, The anterior portion, which bends 
 downwards, is termed genu ; the posterior flexure, 
 sple'nium, tuber, (F.), bourrelet. The fibres which 
 curve backwards into the posterior lobes from 
 the posterior border of the corpus callosum, have 
 been termed Forceps ; those which pass directly 
 outwards into the middle lobes from the same 
 point, Tape'tum ; and those which curve for- 
 wards and inwards from the anterior border to 
 the anterior lohe, forceps anterior. 
 
 Corpus Ciliare, Ciliary Body, Corpus denta- 
 tum, see Ciliary — c. Cinereum, Corpus dentatum 
 — c. Conoides, Pineal gland — c. Crystalloides, 
 Crystalline. 
 
 Corpus DE'STA'TVii, C. Denticida'tum seu Cili- 
 a're, (F.) Corps dentele ou festonne. A central, 
 oval nucleus, of cineritious substance, met with, 
 in the cerebellum ; the circumference of which 
 exhibits a number of indentations, surrounded by 
 medullary substance. — Vicq d'Azyr. It is seen 
 by dividing the cerebellum vertically into two 
 equal parts. — The same body has been called 
 Corps cendre ou ciliaire ou rhombo'ide. Corpus 
 Cine'reum seu Rhombo'ideum seu Rhombo'ida'le, 
 Ganglion du cervelet, Noyau central des Pedon- 
 cules du cervelet, Xuclexis dentatus sen fmbria'tus 
 seu centra'lis seu rhomboida'lis, Substan'tia rhoni- 
 bo'idea, Gan'glion cilia're, G. cerebelli. The 
 term Corpus dentatum, Nu'eleus oli'rce, is also 
 given to the ganglion of the corpus olivare, which, 
 like that of the cerebellum, is a yellowish-gray 
 dentated capsule, open behind, and containing 
 medullary matter, from which a fasciculus of 
 fibres proceeds upwards to the corpora quadri- 
 gemina and thalami optici. 
 
 Corpus Denticulatum, c. Dentatum — c. Dis- 
 co'ides, Crystalline — c. Externum, Extraneous 
 body — c. Extraneum, Extraneous body — c. Ge- 
 niculatum, see Corpora Geniculata — c. Glandi- 
 forme. Prostate — c. Glandosum, Prostate — c. 
 Glandulosum, Prostate. 
 
 Corpus Glaxdulo'sum Mclie'rum, Gland'ulas 
 Pros'tatcB mulie'rum. A vascular spongy emi- 
 nence, which surrounds the orifice of the urethra, 
 and projects at its under part. 
 
 Corpus HiGHJro'Ri, C. Highmoria'num, Medi- 
 astl'num testis, Jlea'tus semina'rius, (F.) Corps 
 d' Hygmore ou cVHighmore, Sinus des Yaisseaux 
 seminiferes, (Ch.) An oblong eminence, along 
 the superior edge of the testicle, which seems 
 formed of a reflection of the tunica albuginea, 
 through which the principal trunks of the semi- 
 niferous vessels pass before they reach the epidi- 
 dymis. 
 
 Corpus IxcoMPREHE>rsrBiLE, Thymus. 
 
 Corpus Lu'teum, (F.) Corps jaune, 'yellow 
 body.' A small yellowish body, perceived in the 
 ovarium, and left after the rupture of one of the 
 vesicles. It was, for a long time, considered an 
 evidence of previous impregnation ; but Corpora 
 lutea are met with in unquestionable virgins; 
 although the corpora lutea of virgins have been 
 generally regarded to differ materially, in size 
 and character, from those of impregnation, which 
 have been called true corpora lutea in contradis- 
 tinction to the other, called /uZse corpora lutea. 
 
 Corpus Muco'suji, C. reticula're, Rett muco'- 
 sxim, JIucus seu Rete seu Stratum JIalpig'hii, Re- 
 ticulum cuta'neum seu muco'sum, 3fesoderm'um, 
 IIucous web, (F.) Corps muqueux, Couche de Mal- 
 pighi. The second layer of the skin has been so 
 called. It is situate between the cutis vera and 
 cuticle, and gives colour, to the body. In the 
 white varieties of our species it is colourless ; in 
 the negro, black. By most anatomists the exist- 
 
CORPUSCLES, BLOOD 
 
 247 
 
 CORROBORANT 
 
 ence of such a layer, distinct from the epidermis, 
 is denied. 
 
 Corpus Okense, Corpus Wolffianum. 
 Corpus Pampinifor'me, from pampimis, 'a 
 tendril.' C. Varico'sitm seu pyramida'le, Hede- 
 rn'ceufs plexus, Plexiia pampiniform' is seu vascii- 
 lo'sus funic'uli spermat'ici pamiyiniformis, (F.) 
 Corps p)ampiniforme, 0. Variqueux. The plexus 
 or retit'orm arrangement of the spermatic arteries 
 and veins in the cavity of the abdomen, anterior 
 to the psoas muscle. 
 
 Corpus Papillare, Textus Papilla' ris, Corpus 
 retictda're. The nervous and vascular papillae 
 situate ijeneath the epidermis, called by Breschet 
 Meurothel'ic apparatus. 
 
 Corpus Phacoides, Crystalline — c. Pituitare, 
 Pituitary gland — c. Psalloides, Lyra — c. Pyra- 
 midale, Corpus pampiniforme — c. Reticulare, Cor- 
 pus mucosum, Corpus Papillare — c. Ehomboidale, 
 Corpus dentatum — c. Rhomboideum, Corpus den- 
 tatum — c. Thymiamum, Thymus — c. Thymicum, 
 Thymus — e. Thyreoideum, Thyroid gland — c. 
 Turbinatum, Pineal gland — c. Varicosum, Corpus 
 pampiniforme, Spermatic cord — c. Varicosum 
 testis, Epididymis. 
 
 Corpus Spongio'sum ITre'thr^, Substan'tia 
 spongio'sa ure'thrm. This substance arises before 
 the prostate gland, surrounds the urethra, and 
 forms the bulb. It then proceeds to the end of 
 the corpora cavernosa, and terminates in the 
 glans penis, which it forms. Kobelt describes, 
 in the female, as the analogue to the corpus spon- 
 giosum of the male, a venous plexus, which, as 
 it lies between the glans clitoridis, and the part 
 that corresponds, in the male, to the bulb of the 
 urethra, he terms pars interme'dia, (F.) Jiesenu 
 interynSdiaire. 
 
 Corpus Striatum, see Corpora striata — e. Tri- 
 gonum, see Urinary Bladder. 
 
 Corpus Vit'reum, Humor Vitreus seu Hya- 
 lo'i'des seu Jiyal'inus, Olacia'lis humor, Vitreous 
 humor, Vit'rina ocida'ria, (F.) Corps vitre on hya- 
 lo'ide, Humeur hyalo'ide. The transparent mass, 
 of a gelatinous consistence, which fills the eye, 
 behind the crystalline. It is contained in cells, 
 formed by the tunica hyaloidea. 
 
 Corpus Wolffia'num, C. OJcen'se, Wolffian 
 body, (F.) Corjys de Wolff on d'Oken. At a very 
 early period of foetal formation, bodies are per- 
 ceptible, which were fi.rst described by AVolff, as 
 existing in the fowl, and in the mammalia by 
 Oken. According to Miiller, they disappear in 
 man very early, so that but slight remains of 
 them are perceptible after the 9th or lOth week 
 of pregnancy. They cover the region of the kid- 
 neys and renal capsules, which are formed after- 
 wards ; and they are presumed to be the organs 
 of urinary secretion during the first periods of 
 fcetal existence. 
 
 CORPUSCLES, BLOOD, Globules of the blood 
 — c. Bone, see Lacunae of Bone — c. Caudate, see 
 Caudate — c. Chyle, see Chyle. 
 
 Corpuscles, Exuda'tion. The organizable 
 nuclei contained in fibrinous fluids, which are the 
 origin of the new tissues formed from such fluids. 
 Corpuscles, Gaxglion, see Neurine — c. 
 Glandiform, Acinus — c. Lymph, see Lymph — e. 
 of Malpighi, Corpora Malpighiana — c. Mucous, 
 see Mucus — c. Nerve, see Neurine — c. Osseous, 
 see LaounEB of bone. 
 
 Corpuscles, Pacin'ian, (F.) Corpuscules de 
 Pacini, so called from Filippo Pacini, an Italian 
 physician, who, it is generally conceived, first 
 noticed them in 18.30. They appear, however, 
 to have been depicted in 1741 by Lehmann, from 
 a preparation by A. Vater, who called them Pa- 
 pilla and P. ne.rvem.' Hence, it has been pro- 
 posed by J. C. Strahl (1S48) to call them Vate'rian 
 corxniscles or Corpuscles of Vater (Vater'sche 
 
 Kbrperchen.) Smail bodies connected with 
 the cutaneous nerves of the palm and sole. They 
 have also been found sparingly and inconstantly 
 in nerves at the wrist and elbow ; in the upper 
 arm, fore-arm, and thigh, and inter-costal nerve, 
 the sacral plexus, solar plexus and the plexuses 
 adjacent to it. In each corpuscle there is the ter- 
 mination of a nervous filament. Their uses are 
 not known. 
 
 Corpuscles of Purkinje, see Canaliculus — c. 
 Pus, see Pus — c. Pyoid, see Pus — c. Splenic, see 
 Spleen — c. Starch, Corpora amylacea — c. Tactile, 
 Corpuseula tactfis — c. Touch, Corpuscula tactus 
 
 — c. of Vater, C. Pacinian — c. Weberian, see 
 Ejaeulatory Ducts — c. White, see Globules of the 
 blood — c. White granulated, see Globulin. 
 
 CORPUSCULA ARANTIL Tubercula A., see 
 Sigmoid valves — c. Glandularum similia intesti- 
 norum, Peyeri glandulse — c. Globosa cervicis 
 uteri, Nabothi glandula;. 
 
 Corpuscula Laennec'ii. Fibroid granula- 
 tions, occasionally observed on thickened portions 
 of the pericardium. 
 
 Corpuscula Malpighii, Corpora Malpighiana 
 
 — e. Ossium, see Lacunae of bone — c. Sanguinis, 
 Globules of the blood — c. Seminis, Spermatozoa 
 — c. Sesamoidea, see Sigmoid valves. 
 
 Corpuscula Tactus, Tactile or Touch Corpus- 
 cles, (F.) Corpusctdes du tact, Axile bodies, (G.) 
 AxenKorper. Bodies, composed of a horizon- 
 tally laminated mass of areolar tissue, which are 
 found in the papillae of parts endowed with great 
 tactile sensibility. The nerves of touch communi- 
 cate with them, and their function is probably to 
 render the sense more acute. 
 
 Corpuscula Triticea, see Hyoides, os — c. 
 Weberiana, see Ejaeulatory Ducts. 
 
 CORPUS'CULAR, Corpuscula' ris. Relating 
 to, or containing, corpuscles, as corpuscidar fibrin. 
 Fibrin which tends to disintegration, and consists 
 of granules in considerable proportion. 
 
 CORPUSCULES CALC AIRES, Lacuna of 
 bone — e. Noirs, Lacunse of bone — e. Des Os, La- 
 cunEB of bone — c. Ramifies, Lacunae of bone. 
 
 CORPUSCULITM ARANTIL see Sigmoid 
 valves — G. Conicum Rosenmiilleri, Parovarium — 
 c. Sesamoideum, see Sigmoid valves. 
 
 CORRAGO, Borago officinalis. 
 
 CORRE, Corse, from Ktipyi, ' I shave.' [?] The 
 temples or the part of the jaws, which it is usual 
 to shave. — Gorrasus. 
 
 CORRECTIF, Corrigent. 
 
 CORRECTION, Correc'tio, from corrigere, 
 (con and regere, rectum, 'to rule or order,') to 
 correct.' The act of correcting medicines; that 
 is, of diminishing their energy or obviating un- 
 pleasant effects, by mixing them with substances 
 which mitigate their operation. 
 
 CORRECTORIUS, Corrigens. 
 
 CORRELATION, see Synergy. 
 
 CORRIGEEN MOSS, Fucus crispus. 
 
 COR'RIGBNT, Cor'rigens, Correcto'rius, Cas- 
 ti'gans, Infrin'gens, Emeu' dans: same etymon. 
 (F.) Correctif. That which corrects. A corri- 
 gent, in a pharmaceutical formula, is a substance 
 added to a medicine to mollify or modify its ac- 
 tion. In the following formula, the aloes, if not 
 corrected, might induce tormina. The Oleum 
 3fenthcB is added as a corrigent. 
 
 R -Aloes 5J 
 
 Olei Ilenthm gtt. v 
 
 Syrup q. s. utfianf Pilules xvj 
 
 CORRIG"IA. Akin to corium, 'leather.' 
 Leathern straps. By extension, the term has 
 been applied to the tendons and ligaments. 
 
 CORROB'ORANT, Corrob'orative, Corrob'- 
 orans, Corroborati'vus, Rob'orans, 3fuscula'ris, 
 Restau'rans, Restor'ative, Bracing, from corrobo- 
 rare, {con, and robur, ' strength,'} ' to strengthen.' 
 
CORROBOEANTIA 
 
 248 
 
 CORTBANTIASM 
 
 CF.) Corrohorant, Corrohoratif. Fortifiant. Any 
 substance which strengthens and gives tone. 
 Wine, for example, is a corroborant. See Tonic. 
 CORROBORANTIA, Tonics. 
 CORBOBORATIF, Corroborant. 
 CORROBORATIVE, Corroborant. 
 CORRODANT, Corrosive. 
 CORRODEXS, Corrosive. 
 CORROSIF, Corrosive. 
 
 CORRO'SION, Corro'sio, Diah-o'sis, Analro'- 
 sis, Ero'sio, from con, and rodere, rosum, ' to 
 gnaw.' The action or effect of corrosive sub- 
 stances. 
 
 CORRO'SIVE, Corro'dens, Diahrot'ieus, Cor- 
 rosi'vus, same etymon. (F.) Corrosif, Corrodant. 
 Corrosives are substances, which, when placed in 
 contact with living parts, gradually disorganize 
 them. Caustic alhalies, Mineral acids, Corrosive 
 sublimate, are corrosives. They act either di- 
 rectly, by chemically destroying the part, — or 
 indirectly, by causing inflammation and gangrene. 
 Corrosive Poison, see Poison. 
 CORRUGATIO, Corrugation — e. Cutis, 
 Wrinkle. 
 
 CORRUGA'TIOX, Corruga'tio, Synm'rema, 
 from con, and ruga, ' a wrinkle.' AVrinkling, 
 Frowning, (F.) Froncement ; the contraction of 
 the Con-ugato'res Supercil'ii muscles. Corruga- 
 tion of the skin is often owing to the application 
 of styptic medicines : it is rendered by them un- 
 equal and rugous. 
 
 CORRUGATOR COITERII, Corrugator su- 
 percilii. 
 
 Corruga'tor Supercil'ii, from corrugare, 'to 
 wrinkle;' same etymon. Mus'culus sujiercil'ii 
 sen fronta'lis verus seu Corruga'tor Coite'rii, Su- 
 jiercilia'ris, (F.) Cutaneo-sourcilier, Muscle Sour- 
 cilier on Surcilier, 31. Fronto-Sourcilier. A 
 muscle situate in the eyebrows. It is attached, 
 bj' its inner extremity, to the superciliary ridge, 
 and is confounded, externally, with the oceipito- 
 frontalis and orbicularis palpebrarum. It carries 
 the eyebrow inwards, and wrinkles the skin of 
 the forehead. 
 
 CORRUP'TIOlSr, Corrup'tio, Phthora, Diaph'- 
 tliora, from corrurnpere, corruptum, [eon, and 
 rumpere, 'to break.) 'to destroy.' Act of cor- 
 rupting. State of being corrupted. Reaction of 
 the particles of a body upon each other. It is 
 probable that something like corruption may take 
 place even in the living body. The word is used, 
 at times, like Boue with the French, in a vague 
 manner for a state of puriforni, putrid, or other 
 breaking down of parts or humours. 'To spit 
 cornqyiion,' is a vulgar expression. 
 CORSE, Cadaver, Corre. 
 
 CORSET, from Corse, (F.) corps, 'the body.' 
 Stethodesni' ium, Stethodesm'is, Stethodesm'us, Tu'- 
 niea Thora'cis, Thorax, Pectora'le. An article 
 of dress, which closelj"^ embraces the trunk, and 
 is much used by females in civilized countries. 
 When corsets or stays are worn very tight, many 
 serious evils result from the unnatural compression. 
 Different bandages, more or less complicated, 
 which embrace the greater part of the trunk, are 
 likewise so called. 
 
 An orthopedic corset is one intended to obviate 
 deviation of the stature. 
 
 CORSET BE BRASDOR. The name of a 
 bandage invented by one Brasdor, to keep in situ 
 the fragments of a fractured clavicle. 
 CORSST, Corpulent. 
 CORTALON, Senecio. 
 
 CORTEX, Phloios, Phloos, PTilous, Lemma, 
 Bark, (F.) Ecorce. This word has often been 
 applied exclusively to Cinchona: thus, we say 
 Bark — the cortex or harlt, kot' e^o^rjv. It means, 
 also, any bark. 
 
 Cortex AT)STRrN'G"EXS Brasilien'sis. An as- 
 
 tringent bark introduced from Brazil into Ger- 
 many in the j-ear 182S. It is said to be obtained 
 from Mimo'sa cochleacarp'a seu virgina'lis. It 
 has been used with advantage in all cases in 
 which astringent barks in general, are indicated. 
 Dose of the powder Qj to Jss. 
 
 CoETEX Atco'Sioco, Alcomoque — c. Anisi stel- 
 lati, see Illicium anisatum — c. Antiscorbuticus, 
 Canella alba — c. Aromaticus, Canella alba — c. 
 Aurantii, see Citrus aurantium — c. Canellae Ma- 
 labaricas, Laurus cassia — c. Cardinalis del Lugo, 
 Cinchona — c. Caryophyllatus, see Myrtus caryo- 
 phyllata — e. Caryophylloides, Laurus culilawan. 
 
 Cortex Cee'ebei. The Cor'tical, Cinerit"ions, 
 Yesic' ular or Gray substance of the Brain. The 
 gray portion observed at the exterior of the cere- 
 brum and cerebellum ; so called because it forms 
 a kind of bark to the medullary substance. Gall 
 considers, that this substance forms the nerves; 
 and therefore calls it Substance matrice des Kerfs. 
 
 The name cortical is likewise given to the ex- 
 ternal substance of the kidneys, because it is of 
 a deeper colour than the inner part of the organ, 
 and forms a kind of envelope to it. 
 
 CoETEX ChacarilLvB, Croton Cascarilla — 
 c. Chinffi, Cinchona — c. Chinee flavus. Cinchonas 
 cordifoliae cortex — c. Chinse luteus, Cinchonag cor- 
 difolise cortex — c. Chinse regius, Cinchonse cordi- 
 foliae cortex — c. Crassior, Laurus cassia — c. Culi- 
 laban, see Laurus Culilawan — c. Culilawan, 
 Laurus Culilawan — c. Eleutheriffi, Croton casca- 
 rilla — c. Flavus, Cinchonse cordifoliEe cortex — c. 
 Lavola, see Illicium anisatum — c. Magellanicus, 
 see Wintera aromatica. 
 
 Cortex Ovi, Cor'tical membrane. This mem- 
 brane, so called by Boer and Granville, is usually 
 regarded as a uterine production, and designated 
 Becid'ud reflex' o.. They consider it to surround 
 the ovule, when it descends into the uterus, and 
 to enclose the shaggy chorion. It is absorbed 
 during the first months of utero-gestation, so as 
 to expose the next membrane to the contact of 
 the decidua, with which a connexion takes place 
 at the part where the placenta is to be formed. 
 In that part, Boer and Granville consider, that 
 the Cortex Ovi is never altogether obliterated, 
 but only made thinner, and in process of time is 
 converted into a mere pellicle or envelope, which 
 not only serves to divide the filiform vessels of 
 the chorion into groups or cotyledons, in order 
 to form the placenta, but also covers those cot}-' 
 ledons. This, Dr. Granville calls mentbra'na piro'- 
 pria. See Decidua membrana. 
 
 Cortex Pallidus, Cinchonse lancifolis cortex 
 — c. Patrum, Cinchona — c. Peruvianus, Cinchona 
 — c. Profluvii, Kerium antidysentericum — e. 
 Ruber, Cinchona oblongifolisB cortex — c. Striata 
 dentium. Enamel of the teeth — e. Thuris, Croton 
 cascarilla — c. Winteranus, see Wintera aromaii- 
 cum — c. Winteranus spurius, Canella alba. 
 
 COR'TICAL, Cortica'lii ; from cortex, 'bark.' 
 Belonging to bark. 
 
 Coktical Matter of the Braet, Cortex Cere- 
 bri — c. Membrane, Cortex Ovi — c. Substance of 
 the Kidney, see Kidney — c. Substance of the 
 Teeth, see Tooth. 
 
 CORTUSA AMERICANA, Heuchera cortusa. 
 
 CORU. An Indian tree, the bark of whose 
 root furnishes a milky juice, which is employed 
 in diarrhoea and dysentery. It is also called 
 Com Canar'ica. 
 
 CORUSCATIO, Astrape. 
 
 CORVISARTIA HELENIUM, Inula hele- 
 nium. 
 
 CORYBAN'TIASM. Corybiantias'mus, Cory- 
 bantis'mus, from KopvlSag, one of the Corybantes. 
 A name formerly given to a kind of frenzy, ia 
 which the sick were tormented by fantastic vi- 
 sions, and perpetual want of sleep. 
 
CORTDALIS BULBOSA 
 
 249 
 
 COSTO-XIPHOID 
 
 CORTDALIS BULBOSA, Fumaria bulbosa— 
 
 c. Canadensis, Dicentra Canadensis — c. Cava, 
 
 Fumaria bulbosa — c. Tuberosa, Fumaria bulbosa. 
 
 COR'YLUS, (from Kopvg, 'a. helmet,' from the 
 
 involucre,) Corylus avellana. 
 
 CoRYLUS Atella'xa, Cor'ylus, Bundurh, 
 Avella'na, Caryd'ion, The Hazel-nut Tree, (F.) 
 Coudrier, Noisetier ; Ord. Amentacese ; Sex. Syst. 
 Monoecia Polyandria. The nut, — Filbert, (F.) 
 Aveline ; Hazel-nut, (F.) Noisette, — of this tree, 
 is much eaten in many countries. Like all nuts, 
 it is by no means easy of digestion. It is the 
 Nax avella'na, Kapvov IIojvtikov, of the ancients. 
 
 Cor'ylus Rostra'ta, Beaked Hazel. An in- 
 digenous shrub, N'at. Ord. Amentaceas ; Sub-or- 
 der, Cupuliferas : Sex. Syst. Monoecia Polyandria; 
 the nut of which is surrounded by a coriaceous 
 and scaly involucre, terminating in a tube co- 
 vered with short and thick bristles. These bristles 
 have been given as an anthelmintic in the same 
 cases and doses as mucuna. 
 
 CORYMBETRA, Hedera helix. 
 CORYNE, Penis. 
 
 CORYPHE, Acme, Vertex — c. Cordis, see 
 Mucro. 
 
 CORY'ZA, Grave'do, Rhini'tis, Catastacj'mos, 
 Catastalag'mos, Stillicid'ium Na'rium, Phlegnia- 
 torrhag" ia,BlennorrhoR' a nasa'lis,Blennorrhin'ia, 
 Hes'tillatio, Catar'rhus ad Nares seu nasa'lis, 
 Bhinocatar' rJius, Aiigi'nanasa'lis: vulgarly, 'run- 
 ning at the nose,' ^ cold in the head;' (Prov.) 
 Snurle, in French, Rhume de cerveau, Catarrhe 
 nasal, Enehifrenement ; in old English, Pose or 
 3Iur ,; whence J/ur;-e» and J/«/vai)) y from koqvs, 
 or Kaoa, 'the head,' and ^tu, 'I boil.' Inflamma- 
 tion, attended with increased discharge, of the 
 Schneiderian membrane lining the nose, and the 
 sinuses communicating with it. The affection 
 generally subsides without any medical treatment. 
 Chronic coryza is termed, also, OzcB'na he- 
 nig' na. 
 
 CoRYZA Entoxica, Oz^na — c. Maligna, Ozsena 
 — e. Ozeenosa, Ozjena — c. Purulenta, Ozsena — c. 
 Scarlatinosa, Rhinocace — c. Ulcerosa, Ozsena — c. 
 Virulenta, Ozsena. 
 
 COSCINISMUS, Cribration, 
 COSCINOI, see Cribration. 
 COSMESIS, Cosmetics. 
 
 COSMET'ICS, Ars cosmet'ica, Callipis'tria, 
 Cosme'sis, (F.) Cosmetique, from Koajiew, 'I 
 adorn,' ' I embellish.' The art of improving 
 the beauty. Cosmetic, Stilbo'ma, is, also, used 
 for the different means employed for that pur- 
 pose ; as the compounds, into which enter the 
 oxides of lead, bismuth, mercury, arsenic, &c. 
 All these, however, injure the skin, and often 
 give rise to unpleasant cutaneous affections. Fre- 
 quent ablution with cold water, and bathing are 
 the best cosmetics. Essences, soaps, and all the 
 preparations intended for the toilet, fall, also, 
 under this head. 
 
 COSMETIQUE, Cosmetics. 
 COSMETOL'OGY, Cosmetolog'ia, from Koa/teiv, 
 'to adorn,' and Xoyog, 'a discourse.' A treatise 
 on the dress, and cleanliness of the body. 
 
 COSMOS, from Koap.os, 'the world,'' 'order,' <fcc. 
 The order which was supposed to preside over 
 critical days. Hippocrates and others have termed 
 Koaiioi, 'bracelets,' employed, not only as orna- 
 ments {<oaii£iv, 'to adorn,') but as therapeutical 
 agents. 
 
 COSSA, Haunch. 
 
 COSSUM. A malignant ulcer of the nose, 
 often of a syphilitic charaeter. — Paracelsus. 
 
 COSSUS, Cossis. A sort of white, short, thick 
 worm or larve, found in trees, logs of wood, <fcc., 
 and used by the Romans as a great article of 
 gourmandise. They were, also, applied to ulcers. — 
 Pliny. The term hasj likewise, been given to 
 
 small vermiform pimples on the face — acne — 
 which arise from inflammation of the sebaceous 
 follicles. 
 
 COSTA, Pleura, Pleurum, Pleuro'ma. A Rih, 
 from custodire, 'to guard,' 'defend:' (F.) Cote 
 old French, Coste. The ribs are 24 in number; — 
 12 on each side. They are irregular, long, bony 
 curves : slightly flattened, and situate obliquely 
 at the sides of the chest. The intervals between 
 them are called Intercos'tal sjjaces, (F.) Es-paces 
 intereostaux, and they are numbered yirs«, second, 
 third, &e., reckoning from above to below. They 
 have been distinguished into Costm verm, Pleu- 
 rapoph'yses of Owen, True ribs, (F.) Vraies Cotes, 
 Cotes sterncdes. Cotes vertebro-sternales (Ch.), and 
 into Costm spu'rim, Mendo'sm seu Notha Costm, 
 False ribs, Cotes asternales (Ch.), Fausses Cotes. 
 The trtie or sternal ribs, as they have also been 
 called, are the first 7 ; which are articulated at 
 one extremity to the spine, and at the other, by 
 means of their cartilages, hmmapop>h'yses of Owen, 
 to the sternum. The false or short ribs are the 
 remaining 5 : the uppermost three being united, 
 by means of their cartilages, to the cartilage of the 
 last true rib. The others are free at their exter- 
 nal extremity, and, hence, have been called Float- 
 ing ribs, Costm fluctuan'tes, (F.) Cotes Jiottantes. 
 The vertebral extremity of each rib is slightly 
 expanded. It is called the head of the rib — Ca- 
 pit'uluni Costm : the space between this and the 
 tubercle is the collum or neck. Anterior to the 
 tubercle is the angle — An'gulus seu Cu'bitus Costm. 
 The angle is the part where the bone bends to 
 form the lateral part of the thorax. 
 
 COSTiB CAPITULUM, see Costa— c. Fluetu- 
 antes, see Costa — c. Mendosse, see Costa — c. Spu- 
 rise, see Costa — c Verje, see Costa. 
 
 COSTAL, Costa'lis, from costa, 'a rib.' Apper- 
 taining or relating to a rib — as 'costal cartilage.' 
 COSTE, Costa. 
 COSTIVE, Constipated. 
 COSTIVENESS, Constipation. 
 COSTMARY, Tanacetum balsamita. 
 COSTO, from costa, 'a rib.' In composition, 
 relating or appertaining to a rib. 
 
 COSTO -ABDOMINAL, Obliquus externus 
 abdominis — c. Basi-scapulaire, Serratus magnus 
 — c. Claviculaire, Subclavian muscle. 
 
 COSTO-CLAVIC'ULAR, Costo-Clavicida'ria. 
 Belonging to the ribs and clavicle. 
 
 Costo-Clatic'ular Lig'ament, Cleidocostal 
 Ligament, is a fibrous, flattened fascia, which ex- 
 tends, obliquely, from the cartilage of the first rib 
 to the inferior surface of the clavicle. 
 
 COSTO-CORACOIDIEN, Pectoralis minor 
 — c. Senpulaire, Serratus magnus. 
 
 COSTO-STERNAL, Costo-Stema'lis. Relating 
 to the ribs and sternum. The articulation of the 
 sternum with the anterior extremity of the first 
 seven ribs. 
 
 COSTO-TRACHELIA'^s^US. Relating to the 
 ribs and to the trachelian or transverse processes 
 of the neck. Under the name Costo-trache'lian, 
 Chaussier designates the anterior and posterior 
 scaleni. 
 
 COSTO-TRANSVERSA'RIUS. Relating to 
 the ribs, and to the transverse processes. — -Bichat 
 gave this name to the articulation of the tubero- 
 sities of the ribs with the transverse processes of 
 the spine. 
 
 C S T -V E R'T E B R A L, Costo-vertebra'lis. 
 Belonging to the ribs and vertebrae. — Bichat gave 
 this name to the articulation of the head of the 
 ribs with the vertebrae, and to the ligaments con- 
 nected with it. 
 
 COSTO-XIPHOID, Costo-xiphoVdeus. The 
 name of a ligament, which unites the cartilage '^f 
 the seventh rib to the xiphoid or ensiform card- 
 lag-e. 
 
COSTUS 
 
 250 
 
 COUM 
 
 COSTUS. From the Arabic. The ancients 
 seem to have given this name to several plants. 
 One has borne the appellation, since the time of 
 Dioscorides, — the Costus Arab'icus sen In'dicHS 
 seu speoio'sus sou ama'rus, dulcis, orienta'Us,Amo'- 
 mum hirsu'tum, Helle'nia grandifio'ra, Bank'sia 
 specio'sa, Tsia'na, (F.) Oanne Congo, Ganne de 
 Riviere : Family, Amomese ; Sex. Si/st. Monan- 
 dria Monogynia; the root of which is aromatic, 
 and has been considered tonic, carminative, diu- 
 retic, emmenagogue, &c. The virtues of the an- 
 cient costus are highly extolled. — Theophrastus, 
 Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen. 
 
 Costus Amarus, &o., Costus — c. Arabicus, Cos- 
 tus — c. Corticosus, Canella alba — c. Hortorum, 
 Tanacetum balsamita — c. Hortorum minor, Achil- 
 lea ageratum — c. Indicus, Costus — c. des Jardins, 
 Balsamita suaveolens — c. Kigra, Cynara scoly- 
 mus — c. Speciosus, Costus. 
 
 COSTYLE, Cotyle. 
 
 COTA, Antbemis cotula. 
 
 COTARO'NIUM ; an obscure term, used by 
 Paracelsus for a universal solvent : such a thing 
 as does not exist. 
 
 COTE, Costa. 
 
 CO TES, COL DES, CoUum costarum— c. As- 
 ternales, see Costa — e. Fausses, see Costa — c. Flot- 
 tantes, see Costa — c. Stemales, see Costa^c. Ver- 
 tebrosternales, see Costa — c. Vraies, see Costa. 
 
 COTIGNAC, (pron. cotinniac.) A kind of con- 
 serve or preserve, prepared from quinces not en- 
 tirely ripe, and sugar. It is esteemed stomachic 
 and astringent. 
 
 CO TON, Gossypium — c. Azotique, see Collo- 
 dion — c. Fulminant, see Collodion — c. Poudre, 
 see Collodion. 
 
 COTONIA, Pyrus cydonia. 
 
 COTTON, Gossypium. 
 
 COTULA, Anthemis cotula — e. Foetida, An- 
 themis cotula. 
 
 Cot'ula Multif'ida. A South African plant, 
 which is used by the Hottentots in rheumatism, 
 scalds and cutaneous diseases. 
 
 COTUN'NIUS, LIQUOR OF, Liq'uor Cotun'- 
 nii, L. of Cotn(j'no, Aquula aciis'tiaa, Aqua audi- 
 to'ria, Per'ilifrnph, (F.) Lymplie de Cotugno. A 
 transparent, slightly viscid fluid, which fills all 
 the cavities of the internal ear, and of which Co- 
 tugno made mention. It is also called Aqua La- 
 hyrinth' i. 
 
 COTURNIX, Tetrao eoturnix. 
 
 COT'YLE, Cot'yla, Cotyle' don, Cos'tyle ; the 
 same as Acetah'ulam. A hollow cavity in a bone, 
 ■which receives the head of another bone : parti- 
 cularly 'the cotyloid cavity.' KoruX?; signified a 
 drinking cup, and, indeed, any thing hollow, as 
 the hollow of the hand. — Athenaeus. 
 
 COTYLEDON, Cotyle — e. Marina, Umbilicus 
 marinus. 
 
 Cotyle'don Orbicula'ta. A plant of South 
 Africa, Nat: Ord. Crassulacese. The fresh juice 
 is used in epilepsy ; and Dr. Pappe speaks well 
 of it. The leaves form a good application to hard 
 corns. Crass'ula arbores' cens has the same pro- 
 perties. 
 
 Cotyle'don Umbilt'cus, C. U. Ven'eris, Navel- 
 wort, Venus' s Navelwort, (F.) Nonibril de Venus. 
 A plant which grows in Europe on old walls and 
 rocks. The leaves are emollient, and applied 
 externally to piles, inflamed parts, <fcc. Inter- 
 nally, the juice has been given in epilepsy. The 
 flowers have been used in calculous cases, and in 
 dropsy. 
 
 Cotyle'dons, {KOTv\riiiav, ' the hollow of a cup,') 
 Acetab'ula uteri'na. The lobes whieh, by their 
 union, form the placenta. 
 
 COT'YLOID, CofyloVdes, Cotyloi'deus, Cotylo'- 
 des, from KOTv\n, 'a drinking cup,' and u&o^, 
 
 'form.' Resembling the ancient kotvXti. The 
 name of a hemispherical cavity, situate in the os 
 innominatum, which receives the head of the os 
 femoris ; — Fossa cotylo'idea, Sinus Coxa, AcetaV- 
 ulum Pyxis. 
 
 Cot'yloid Lig'ament, Ligamen'tum Cotylo'i- 
 deurn, (F.) Ligament cotylo'idien, is a very thick, 
 fibro-cartilaginous ring, surrounding the cotyloid 
 cavity, the depth of which it increases. 
 
 COTZ, Hagenia Abyssinica. 
 
 COU, Collum — c. du Pied, Instep — c. Gros, 
 Bronchocele. 
 
 COUCH GRASS, Triticum repens. 
 
 COUCHE, Couches, (F.), from coucher, 'to lie 
 down.' This word is used, 1. For parturition, 
 accouchement or delivery [puerpe'rium, parturi"- 
 iio ;) hence, une couche heureiise, 'a happy deli- 
 very;' tine fausse couche, 'a premature delivery :' 
 and, 2. For the time during which a female re- 
 mains in bed on account of delivery, — Tempus 
 puerpe'rii, the child-bed state. The Lochia have 
 been termed Suites de couches. 
 
 Couche also means a layer, bed or thalamus, as, 
 
 COUCHE CELLULEUSE, Membrana granu- 
 losa — c. de Malpighi, Corpus mucosum. 
 
 COUCHER, Decubitus. 
 
 COUCHES DES NERFS ETHMOIDAUX, 
 Corpora striata — c. des Nerfs oculaires, Thalami 
 nervorum optieorum — e. des Nerfs optiques, Tha- 
 lami nervorum optieorum — c. Optiques, Thalami 
 nervorum optieorum. 
 
 COUCHING, see Cataract. 
 
 COUCINEA COCCINEA, Cacoucia coccinea. 
 
 GOUDE, Elbow. 
 
 COUDE-PIED, Instep. 
 
 OOUDEE, Cubitus. 
 
 COUDRIER, Corylus avellana. 
 
 COUENNE (F.), Cutis suil'la. A term given 
 to various parts of the human skin, which are 
 prominent, hard, brownish, and often covered with 
 rough hairs, so as to form patches not very unlike 
 the skin of the hog. It is a malformation, oc- 
 curring during intra-uterine existence, and re- 
 maining for life. See, also, Nsevus, and Corium 
 phlogisticum. 
 
 COUENNE INFLAMMATOIRE, Corium 
 phlogisticum — c. PZet/j-eii^we, Corium phlogisti- 
 cum. 
 
 COUF. Tussis. 
 
 COUGH, Tussis — c. Bronchial, C. tubal — e. 
 Root, Trillium latifolium. 
 
 Cough, Tubal, Bron'chial cough, Tussis bron'- 
 chica, (F.) Toux tubaire ou bronchique. Cough 
 is so termed, when the succussion communicated 
 by it to the parietes of the chest is very energetic, 
 and a sensation is experienced by the ear as if a 
 column of air was traversing tubes with solid 
 walls, with much noise, strength, and rapidity. 
 
 Cough, Winter, Bronchitis, (chronic.) 
 
 COUGHING, Tussis. 
 
 COUL, Abscess, Swelling. 
 
 COULEE, To strain. 
 
 COU LEU RS COMPLEMENT AIRES, Co- 
 lours, accidental. 
 
 COULEUVRE^, Coluber berus. 
 
 COULEUVREE, Bryonia alba— e. de Virgi- 
 nie, Aristolochia serpentaria. 
 
 COULEUVRINE, Polygonum bistorta. 
 
 COULISSE (F.), 'A groove, a gutter.' Ana- 
 tomists designate, by this name, every deep groove 
 or channel in a bone, in which a tendon plays ; — 
 such as the Coulisse Bicipitale or Bicipital Groove 
 of the Humerus. 
 
 COULISSE BICIPITALE, Bicipital groove— 
 c. Humerale, Bicipital groove. 
 
 COULOIR, Colatorium. 
 
 COUM, Colchicum autumnale. 
 
COUMAROUNA ODORATA 
 
 251 
 
 COVE, CLIMATE OF 
 
 COUMAROUNA ODORATA, Dipterix odo- 
 
 COUN'TENANCE, Vultus, Voltus, Vhage, (F.) 
 Figure, Visage: from cum, 'with,' and teneo, 'I 
 hold.' The form of the face. The system of the 
 features. 
 
 COUNTER - EXTEN'SION, Contra-exten'sio, 
 Antit'asis, (F.) Contre-extension, from contra-ex- 
 tendere, 'to extend in a contrary direction.' It 
 consists in retaining firmly and immovably the 
 upper part of a limb, whilst extension is practised 
 on the lower, in cases of fracture or luxation. 
 
 COUNTER-INDICA'TION, CoiUra-M!dica'«/o, 
 Antendeix'is, Antendix'is, Antideix'is. An indi- 
 cation contrary to another. (P.) Contre-indica- 
 tion. Any circumstance, which acts as an ob- 
 stacle to the employment of such therapeutical 
 means as seem to be indicated by other circum- 
 stances. 
 
 COUNTER-IRRITANT, see Counter-irrita- 
 tion — c. Granville's, (Lotion,) Granville's Coun- 
 ter-irritant. 
 
 COUNTER-IRRITA'TION, Contra-irrita'tio. 
 An irritation, excited in a part of the body, with 
 the view of relieving one existing in another part. 
 The remedies used for this purpose are called 
 Counter-irritants, and form a most valuable class 
 of remedial agents. See Derivation. 
 
 COUNTER. POISON, Antidote. 
 
 COUNTERSTROKE, Contrafissura. 
 
 COUNTING, METHOD OF, Method, numeri- 
 cal. 
 
 COUP, Blow — c. de Feu, "Wound, gunshot. 
 
 COUP BE iMAITRE, Tour de 3IaUre (F.). 
 A masterly strolie or performance. Applied to a 
 mode of introducing the sound or catheter into 
 the bladder, which consists in first passing it with 
 its convexity towards the abdomen of the patient, 
 and giving it a half turn towards the right groin, 
 when its extremity has reached the root of the 
 penis under the symphysis pubis. There is no 
 advantage in this mode of introduction. 
 
 COUP DE SANG (F.), Blood-stroke. A com- 
 mon term, used by some physicians in France, to 
 designate the loss of sensation and motion, which 
 results from hemorrhage in the brain, or from 
 simple congestion in the vessels of that organ. 
 See Apoplexy. Some authors have comprehended, 
 under the same denomination, different hemor- 
 rhages, which occur in the areolar texture of the 
 face, lungs, skin, &c. 
 
 COUP BE SOLEIL (F.), Siri'asis, Seiri'aais, 
 Siriasis JEgyptiaca, Ictus solis seu sola'ris, In- 
 sola'tio, Encephali'tia insolatio'nis, Phreni'tis ca- 
 lentu'ra, Stroke of the sun, ^Egyptian Starstroke 
 or Sunstroke. Any aifection produced by the ac- 
 tion of the sun on some region of the body; — 
 head, hands, arms, &c. A very common effect 
 of exposing the naked head to the sun is inflam- 
 mation [?] of the brain or its meninges, Helien- 
 cephali'tis, which Sauvages calls Cams ah Inso- 
 latio'ne. Morbus solstitia'lis. It has, also, been 
 called heat apoplexy ; although the morbid pheno- 
 mena observable after death are generally not 
 confirmatory of either inflammation or apoplexy. 
 
 COUP BE VENT. A windstroke. The ag- 
 gregate of morbid phenomena ascribed to expo- 
 sure to a blast of air. 
 
 COUPE-BRIDE, Kiotome. 
 
 COUPEROSE, Gutta rosea. 
 
 COUPURE, Cut, Wound (incised.) 
 
 COURALIUM, Coral. 
 COURANTE, Diarrhoea. 
 
 COURAP. A distemper, very common in In- 
 dia, in which there is a perpetual itching of the 
 surface, and eruption. It is of an herpetic cha- 
 racter, and appears chiefly on the axilla, groins, 
 breast, and face. 
 
 COURBARIL, see Anime. 
 
 COURBATURE (F.), Acer'ha lassitu' lo. Vio- 
 lent lassitude. Fatigue. An indisposition, charac- 
 terized by a sensation, as if the limbs were bruised ; 
 general feeling of debility, extreme lassitude; 
 and, sometimes, slight fever. It appears imme- 
 diately aft§r severe exercise, but sometimes not 
 till the next day. Rest removes it. 
 
 COURBURE, Curvature. 
 
 CO URGE, Cucurbita pepo. 
 
 COURMI or CUR MI, Kovpyn, Kvpiit. A fer- 
 mented liquor, made from barley. A kind of ale 
 or beer. — Dioscorides. 
 
 COURO-MOELLI. An Indian tree, the bark 
 of which is said to be anti-venomous. 
 
 COURON'DI, Conron'do. An evergreen tree 
 of India, the juice of which, mixed with warm 
 whey, is said to cure dysentery. — Ray. 
 
 COURONNE, Crown — c. Ciliare, Godronni 
 canal — c. du Bent, Crown of a tooth — c. du Gland, 
 Crown of the glans — c. de Maine, Leontodon ta- 
 raxacum — c. de Saint-Jean, Artemisia vulgaris — 
 c. du Trepan, Crown of the trepan — c. de Venus, 
 Crown of Venus. 
 
 CO URONNE RA YONNANTE (F.) A term 
 given by Reil to the fan-shaped terminations of 
 the cruri cerebri in the brain. 
 
 CO UR ONNEMENT ( F. ) , Coro'na. A vulgar 
 expression, sometimes used to designate the cir- 
 cular ring, which the os uteri forms around the 
 head of the child at a certain period of accouche- 
 ment — the head seeming to be surrounded, as it 
 were, by a crown. The head is then said to be 
 ait couronnement. 
 
 COURS BE VENTRE, Diarrhoea. 
 
 COURSE, Running. 
 
 COURSES, Menses. 
 
 COURT, Short. 
 
 COURTE HALEINE, Dyspnoea. 
 
 COUSIN, Culex. 
 
 COUSSINET, Pad. 
 
 COUSSO, Has;enia Abyssinica. 
 
 COUTEAU, Knife — c. d Amputation, Knife, 
 amputation — c. d Cataracte, Knife, cataract — c. 
 Courhe, Knife, crooked — c. d Crochet, Knife, 
 crotchet — c. Besarticulateur, Knife, double-edged 
 — c. Broit, Knife, amputation — c. de Feu, Cultel- 
 laire — c. Interosseux, Knife, double-edged — c. 
 Lenticulaire, Knife, lenticular — c. Lithotome, 
 Knife, lithotomy — c. en Serpette, Knife en ser- 
 pette — c. Symphysien, see Symphyseotomy — c. <i 
 deux Tranchans, Knife, double-edged. 
 
 COUTOU'BEA ALBA, Ex'ucum spiea'tum, 
 Pi'crium spiea'tum. A plant of Guiana, which 
 is very bitter, and is considered, in the country, 
 to be emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and antidys- 
 peptic. ^ 
 
 COUTURES PAR LA PETITE VEROLE, 
 see Cicatrix. 
 
 COUTURIER, Sartorius. 
 
 COUVERCLE. see Crucible. 
 
 COUVERCHEF (F.), Cucul'lus, Fascia' tio 
 ctieuUa' ta,Scepaster' ium,Scepas' trum. A bandage, 
 applied to the head for retaining certain dress- 
 ings, <tc., in situ. The French surgeons distin- 
 guish two kinds : 1. The Grand Couvrechef ou 
 Servette en carre {Cucid'lus major), which is 
 formed of a napkin or large square compress ; 
 and, 2. The Petit Couvrechef ou 3Iouchoir en tri- 
 angle [Cucul'lus minor), formed of a napkin or 
 other square compress, folded from one angle to 
 the other diagonally opposite to it. 
 
 COUVRECHEF, see Bandage, Galen's. 
 
 COVE, CLIMATE OF. On the northern side 
 of Cork Harbour, in Ireland, is the Island of 
 Cove. The town of Cove is on the southern ac- 
 clivity of a hill running from east to west. It is, 
 consequently, sheltered from the north winds. 
 
COVOLAM 
 
 252 
 
 CRAMBION 
 
 and receives the full force of the sun. It is one 
 of the mildest climates in Great Britain, and cor- 
 responds in its influence on disease with the 
 south-west of England. It is well adapted as a 
 winter retreat for the phthisical. 
 
 COVOLAM, CratcB'va Marmelos. The bark of 
 this tree is tonic; the unripe fruit is astringent; 
 but, when ripe, is delicious. 
 
 COWBANE, Cicuta aquatica — c. Spotted, Ci- 
 3uta maculata. 
 
 COWBERRY, Vaccinium vitis idaea. 
 
 COWCITMBER, Cucumis sativus. 
 
 COWDEL, Caudle. 
 
 COWHAGE, Dolichos pruriens. 
 
 COWITCH, Dolichos pruriens. 
 
 COIVLADY, Coccinella septempunctata. 
 
 COWMUMBLE. Heracleum spondylium. 
 
 COWPARSNEP, Heracleum lanatum, H. spon- 
 dylium. 
 
 COWPER'S GLANDS, Ac'ceasory glands, (F.) 
 Glandes accessoires ou de Cowper, Prostates in/e- 
 rieures ou Petites prostates. Called after their 
 discoverer. Two small ovoid groups of mucous, 
 reddish follicles, situate behind the bulb of the 
 urethra, before the prostate, the excretory ducts 
 of which open into the bulbous portion of the 
 urethra. They are also called Glan'dula ante- 
 pros' tatcB, and G. pros' tatcB inferio'res. The 
 terms anterior j^rostate, and anteprostatic gland, 
 are generally, however, given to a third glandu- 
 lar body, occasionally found in front of, and 
 between, Cowper's glands. 
 
 Cowper's Glands in the Female, Gland'xdm 
 Cowperi, Glands of Duverney or of Bartholin, 
 Pros' tata mulie'bris seu Bartlioli'ni, Glandes de 
 Cowper ou de Mery, G. vulvaire eonglomeree ou 
 vulvo-vaginale, Corps folliculaire vaginal, are 
 situate at each side of the entrance of the vagina, 
 beneath the skin covering the posterior or infe- 
 rior part of the labia. They are rounded, but 
 elongated, flat, and bean-shaped ; their long dia- 
 meter varying from five to ten lines ; their trans- 
 verse, from two and a half to four and a quarter: 
 and their thickness from two and a quarter to 
 three lines. Like Cowper's glands in the male, 
 they are not invariably present. The secretion 
 from them is a thick, tenacious, grayish-white 
 fluid, which is emitted in great quantity during 
 sexual intercourse; and is probably the fluid 
 supposed, of old, to be the female sperm. 
 
 COWPOX, Vaccina— c. Inoculation, Vaccina- 
 tion — c. Itch, see Itch, cowpox — c. Vesicle, see 
 Vaccination. 
 
 COWRAP, Impetigo. 
 
 COWSLIP, Caltha palustris. Primula veris — c. 
 Jerusalem, Pulmonaria. 
 
 COWSTRIPLINGS, Primula veris. 
 
 COWSTROPPLE, Primula veris. 
 
 COWTHWORT, Matricaria. 
 
 COWTREE, CEYLON, Gymneura lactiferum. 
 
 CowTREE, OF South America, Galactodendron 
 utile. 
 
 COWWEED, Chserophyllum sylvostre. 
 
 COXA, Haunch. 
 
 COX.ELUVIUM, Bath, hip. 
 
 COXAGRA, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea. 
 
 COXAL'GIA, Merocoxal'gia, Osphyal'gia, Os- 
 phyolge'ma. A word of hybrid origin, from coxa, 
 'hip,' and aXyof, 'pain.' Pain in the hip. A sign 
 of rheumatic or other inflammation — Coxi'tis, or 
 of some disease about the hip-joint. See Neu- 
 ralgia femoro-poplitffia, and Coxarum morbus. 
 
 COXARTHRITIS, Coxitis. 
 
 COXARTHROCACE, Coxarum morbus. 
 
 COXA'RUM MORBUS, Coxen'dicus seu Coxa'- 
 rius morlius, Arthroc'ace coxa'rum, Coxarthroc'- 
 ace, Osjyhy arthroc'ace, Coxal'gia (of some). Hip 
 Disease. A scrofulous caries, and often sponta- 
 neous luxation of the head of the os femoris, oc- 
 
 casioning permanent shortening of the limb, 
 and not unfrequently hectic and death — Ischio- 
 phthisis. 
 
 COXEN'DIX, Haunch. This word has been 
 used synonymously with ischium ; and anato- 
 mists have also applied it to the ilia, Ossa 
 Coxen'dicis. 
 
 COXI'TIS, Coxarthri'tis, a hybrid term, from 
 Coxa, 'the hip,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the hip-joint. 
 
 COXO, in composition. Relating or apper- 
 taining to the coxal bone. 
 
 COXO-FEM'ORAL, Coxo-femora'lis. Belong- 
 ing to the coxal bone or ileum, and to the os fe- 
 moris. Hio-femoral has the same signification. 
 
 Coxo-Fem'oral Articcla'tion, Il'io-Femoral 
 A., (F.) Articulation de la Hanche, Hip-joint, 
 (Prov.) Hamch, Locking, Lonh. The head of the 
 femur and the articular cavity are covered by a 
 diarthrodial cartilage and. synovial capsule; and 
 by a very strong capsular or articular ligament 
 attached to the circumference of the cotyloid 
 cavity, and to the neck of the femur. There is, 
 also, a round or interarticidar ligament, passing 
 from the inferior notch of the cotyloid cavity 
 to the rough depression at the top of the caput 
 femoris ; and a cotyloid ligament — a sort of thick, 
 cartilaginous ring, situate on the edge of the 
 cotyloid cavity, and converting the inferior notch 
 into a foramen. These are the great means of 
 union in this extensive articulation. 
 
 CRAB, As'tacus Jluviat'ilis, Cancer, Gam'ma- 
 rus, Gam'harus, Cam'marus, (F.) Crahle, Ecre- 
 visse, Escrevice. Class, Crustacea. A shell-fish 
 much used as an article of diet. Like other 
 shell-fish, it is apt to disagree, and excite urtica- 
 ria, &c. 
 
 CRABE, Crabyaws. 
 
 CRABLOUSE, Pediculus pubis. 
 
 CRABS' EYES, Cancrorum chelse — c. Stones, 
 Cancrorum chelae. 
 
 CRABYAWS, (F.) Crale. A name in the 
 West Indies for a kind of ulcer on the soles of 
 the feet, with edges so hard, that they are diffi- 
 cult to cut. 
 
 CR ACHAT. Sputum. 
 
 CRACHEMENT, Exereation— c. de Pus, Vo- 
 mica, Phthisis pulmonalis — c. de Sang, Haemop- 
 tysis. 
 
 CRACHOTEMENT (F.), from cracher, 'to 
 spit.' The frequent spitting of a small quantity 
 of saliva. 
 
 CRACKED POT SOUND, Bruit de pot feU. 
 
 CRACKLING OF LEATHER, see Cra(iue^ 
 merit de cuir. 
 
 CRACOW GROATS, Semolina. 
 
 CRADLE, Sax. cjiatsel, Ar'culus, Solen, (F.) 
 Arceau ou Archet. A semicircle of thin wood, 
 or strips of wood, used for preventing the contact 
 of the bed-clothes in wounds, fractures, &c. An 
 ordinance of the Grand Duke of Tuscany forbade 
 mothers and nurses to sleep with a child near 
 them, unless it was placed under a solid cradle 
 of this kind, in order that no accident might 
 arise from overlaying, 
 
 CR-33'PALE, from Kpanra^rj, Crap'ula, 'drunk- 
 enness, surfeit.' A derangement of the functions 
 of the brain, &c., produced by wine or any other 
 fermented liquor. — Galen. 
 
 CRAGBANE, Clavicle. 
 
 CRAIE, Creta — c. Bctrotique, Baryta, carbon- 
 ate of — c. Magnesienne, Magnesise carbonas — c. 
 de Plomb, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 
 CRAISEY, Ranunculus acris. 
 
 CRAMA, Kpafia, from xepaoi, '1 mix.' A mix- 
 ture of any kind. Dilute wine. 
 
 CRAMBE, Cabbage. 
 
 CRAM'BION. from Kpajifiri, 'cabbage.' A de- 
 coction of cabbage. — Hippocrates. 
 
CRAMERIA 
 
 253 
 
 CRANIOLOGT 
 
 CRAMERIA, Krameria. 
 
 CRAMP, from (G.) krampfen, 'to contract.' 
 Crampns, Enta'sia systreni'ma, Tet'anus dolorif- 
 icus, Myospas'mus, Spasmics museula'ris, MyaV- 
 gia, Bhege, Rhegma, Rhegmus. (F.) Crampe. A 
 sudden, involuntary, and highly painful contrac- 
 tion of a muscle or muscles. It is most fre- 
 quently experienced in the lower extremities, 
 and is a common symptom of certain affections — 
 as of Colica Pictonwn and Cholera ilorhus. Fric- 
 tion and compression of the limb, by means of a 
 ligature applied around it above the muscles 
 affected, will usually remove the spasm. 
 
 Cramp, Scriveners', Cramp, writers'. 
 
 Cra5ip of the Stomach, (F.) Crampe de I'Es- 
 fomac. A sudden, violent, and most painful affec- 
 tion of the stomach, with sense of constriction in 
 the epigastrium. It seems to be the effect of the 
 spasmodic contraction of the muscular coat of the 
 stomach, and requires the use of the most powerful 
 stimulants and antispasmodics, of which opium 
 is the best. 
 
 Cramp, Writers', Graphosjoaam'us, Blogi- 
 graph'ia, (F.) Crampe des Eerivains, Scriv' enera' 
 Cramp, Stam'mering of the Fingers. A condition 
 of the fingers, in which they are unable to hold 
 the pen, or in which one or more of the muscles of 
 the fingers are irregularly and irresistibly con- 
 
 CRA3IPE DES ^Ci?7F^IA^<S; Cramp, writers'. 
 
 CRAMPE DE L'ESTOMAC, Cramp of the 
 stomach. 
 
 CRAN DE BRETAGNE, Cochlearia armo- 
 raeia. 
 
 CRANBERRY, Vaccinium oxycoccos — c. Al- 
 pine, Vaccinium vitis idsea — c. American, com- 
 mon, see Vaccinium oxycoccos — c. Upland, Ar- 
 butus uva ursi. 
 
 CRANE, Cranium — c. Euniain, Cranium hu- 
 manum. 
 
 CRANE'S BILL, Geranium — c. Spotted, Ge- 
 ranium maculatum — c. Stinking, Geranium Ro- 
 bertianum. 
 
 CRA'NIAL, Crania'lis, Crania'nus, (F.) Cra- 
 nien; same etymon as cranium. Relating or 
 appertaining to the cranium — as ' cranial 
 nerves.' 
 
 CRANIEN, Cranial. 
 
 CRANIOCELE, Encephalocele. 
 
 CRANIOH^MATONCUS, Cephalamatoma. 
 
 CRANIOL'OGY, Cranios'copy, Craniolog"ia, 
 Cranioman'cy, Phrenol'ogy, Cranioscopj'ia, C. Gal- 
 lia'na, Encephaloscop'ia, Doctri'na Gallia'na. 
 (F.) Craniologie, Cranioaeopie. Words intro- 
 duced, since Gall, into medical language. The 
 first two terms are respectively derived from 
 KpavLov, 'cranium,' Xoyoj, 'a discourse,' and aKontiv, 
 'to examine.' They signify a description, or 
 simply an examination, of the different parts of 
 the external surface of the cranium, in order to 
 deduce from thence a knowledge of the different 
 intellectual and moral dispositions. Strictly 
 speaking, it is by Cranioscopy that we acquire a 
 knowledge of Craniology, Organology, or Cran- 
 (tlogy, as it has been variously termed. These 
 words are generally, however, used in the same 
 sense. The cranium being moulded to the brain, 
 there are as many prominences on the bone, as 
 there are projections at the surface of the brain. 
 According to Gall, each projection, which he calls 
 an organ, is the seat of a particular intelleotua.1 
 or moral faculty, and all persons endowed with 
 the same faculty, have, at the same part of the 
 brain, a prominence, which is indicated, exter- 
 nally, by a bump or projection in the bony case. 
 The System of Gall is made to comprise 27 pro- 
 minences, which answer to 27 faculties. The fol- 
 lowing Table exhibits these supposed organs, and 
 their seat : 
 
 Cerebral Organs and their Seat, AccoRDme to Gall. 
 
 1. Instinct of generation, of reproduction ; ama- 
 tiveness; instinct of propagation; venereal 
 instinct. 
 
 {^German.) Zeugungstrieb, Fortpflan- 
 zungstrieb, G e s ch 1 e c h t s tr ieb. 
 
 2. Love of progeny ; philoprogemtiveness. 
 (G.) Jungenliebe, Kinderliebe. 
 
 3. Attachment, friendship. 
 (G.) Freundschaftsinn. 
 
 4. lyistinct of defending self and property ; love 
 of strife and corahat ; comhativeness ; courage. 
 
 (G.) Muth, Raufsinn, Zanksinn. 
 
 5. Carnivorous instinct; inclination to murder; 
 destructiveness ; cruelty. 
 
 (G.) Wurgsinn, Mordsinn. 
 
 6. Cunning ; finesse ; address ; secretivenesa. 
 (G.) List, Schlauheit, Klugheit. 
 
 7. Desire of property ; provident instinct ; cupi- 
 dity; inclination to rohhery ; acquisitiveness. 
 
 (G.) Eigenthumssinn, Hang zu stehl- 
 en, E insammlungs sin n, Diebsinn. 
 
 8. Pride; haughtiness; love of authority ; ele- 
 vation. 
 
 (G.) Stolz, Hochmuth, Hohensinn, 
 Herrsehsucht. 
 
 9. Vanity; a7»bition ; love of glory. 
 
 (G.) Eitelkeit, Ruhmsucht, Ehrgeiz. 
 
 10. Circumspection ; foresight. 
 
 (G.) Behutsamkeit, Vorsicht, Vor- 
 sichtigheit. 
 
 11. Memory of things; memory of facts ; sense 
 of things ; educahility ; perfectihility ; docility. 
 
 {G.) Sachedaehtniss, Erziehungs- 
 fahigkeit, Sachs inn. 
 
 Seated in the cerebellum. It is manifested at the 
 J surface of the cranium by two round protube- 
 j ranees, one on each side of the nape of the 
 neck. 
 
 •j Indicated at the external occipital protuberance. 
 
 I About the middle of the posterior margin of the 
 I parietal bone, anterior to the last. 
 
 Seated a little above the ears, in front of the last, 
 and towards the mastoid angle of the parietal 
 bone. 
 
 Greatly developed in all the carnivorous animals; 
 forms a prominence at the posterior and supe- 
 rior part of the squamous surface of the tem- 
 poral bone, above the mastoid process. 
 
 Above the meatus auditorius externus, upon the 
 sphenoidal angle of the parietal bone. 
 
 Anterior to that of cunning, of which it seems to 
 be a prolongation, and above that of mechanics, 
 with which it contributes to widen the cranium, 
 by the projection which they form at the side 
 of the frontal bone, 
 
 j Behind the top of the head, at the extremity of 
 ) the sagittal suture, and on the parietal bone. 
 
 I 
 
 f Situate at the side of the last, near the posterior 
 
 I internal angle of the parietal bone. 
 
 Corresponds to the parietal protuberance. 
 
 I Situate at the root of the nose, between the two 
 1 eyebrows, and a little above them. 
 
CRANIOLOGT 
 
 254 
 
 CRANIUM 
 
 12. Sense of locality; sense of the relation of 
 space; memory of iilaces. 
 
 (<?.) Ortsinn, Raumsinn. 
 
 13. Memory of persons ; sense of persons. 
 ((?.) P er s n ensinn. 
 
 14. Sense of words; sense of names; verbal me- 
 mory. 
 
 (G.) Wor dge dach tniss, Namensinn. 
 
 15. Sense of spoken language ; talent of philo- 
 logy ; study of languages. 
 
 ((?.) Sprachf rs chu ngs s inn, Wort- 
 sinn, Sprachsinn. 
 
 16. Sense of the relations of colour; talent of 
 painting. 
 
 ((?.) Farbensinn. 
 
 17. Sense of the relations of tones; musical ta- 
 lent. 
 
 (G.) Tonsinn. 
 
 IS. Sense of the relations of numbers; mathema- 
 tics. 
 (G.) Zahlensinn. 
 
 19. Sense of mechanics; sense of construction ; 
 talent of architecture ; industry. 
 
 ((?.) Kunstsinn, Bausinn. 
 
 20. Comparative sagacity. 
 
 ((?.) Yergleichender Scharfsinn. 
 
 21. Metaphysical penetration ; depth of mind. 
 (G.) Me taphy sischer Tiefsinn. 
 
 22. Wit. 
 ((?.) Witz. 
 
 23. Poetical talent, 
 (G.) Dichtergeist. 
 
 24. Goodness; benevolence; mildness; compas- 
 sion; sensibility ; moral sense; conscience; 
 bonhommie. 
 
 (G.) Gutmuthigkeit, Mitleiden, mo- 
 ralischer Sinn, Gewissen. 
 
 25. Imitation ; mimicry. 
 
 (G.) Nachahtnungssinn. 
 
 26. God and religion; theosophy. 
 ((?.) Theosophisches Sinn. 
 
 27. Firmness; constancy ; perseverance ; obsti- 
 nacy. 
 
 (G.) Stetigkeit, Festerginn. 
 
 The first nineteen of these, according to Gall, 
 are common to man and animals ; the remaining 
 eight, man possesses exclusively. They are, con- 
 sequently, the attributes of humanity. 
 
 Organs according to Spurzhbim. 
 
 1. Amativeness. — 2. Philoprogenitiveness. — 
 3. Inhabitiveness. — i. Adhesiveness or Attach- 
 ment. — 5. Combativeness. — 6. Destructiveness. — 
 7. Constructiveness. — 8. Acquisitiveness. — 9. Se- 
 cretiveness. — 10. Self-esteem. — 11. Love of Ap- 
 probation. — 12. Cautiousness. — 13. Benevolence. 
 — 14. Veneration. — 15. Firmness. — 16. Conscien- 
 tiousness or Justice. — 17. Hope. — IS. Marvel- 
 lousness.— 19. Wit.— 20. Ideality.— 21. Imitation. 
 —22. Individuality.— 23. Form.— 24. Size.— 25. 
 Weight and resistance. — 26. Colour. — 27. Loca- 
 lity.— 28. Numeration.— 29. Order.— 30. Eventu- 
 ality.— 31. Time. — 32. Melody or Tune. — 33. 
 Language. — 34. Comparison. — 35. Causality. 
 
 A fundamental principle with the Craniolo- 
 gists or Phrenologists is, — that the brain does not 
 act as a single organ, but that it consists of a 
 plurality of organs : but, were we able to admit 
 this, the assignment of the seat of different facul- 
 ties could not but be considered premature. 
 
 CRANIO.MANCY, Craniology. 
 
 CRANIOM'ETRY, Craniomet'ria ; from Kpa- 
 viov, 'the cranium,' and /lerpov, 'measure.' Mea- 
 surement of the skull. A form of compasses 
 
 Answers to the frontal sinus, and is indicated ex- 
 ternally by two prominences at the inner edge 
 of the eyebrows, near the root of the nose, and 
 outside of the organ of memory of things. 
 
 At the inner angle of the orbit. 
 
 Situate at the posterior part of the base of the 
 two anterior lobes of the brain, on the frontal 
 part of the bottom of the orbit, so as to make 
 the eye prominent. 
 
 Also at the top of the orbit, between the preced- 
 ing and that of the knowledge of colour. 
 
 The middle part of the eyebrows, encroaching a 
 little on the forehead, 
 
 A little above and to one side of the last ; above 
 the outer third of the orbitar arch. 
 
 On the outside of the organ of the sense of the 
 relation of colour, and below the last. 
 
 A round protuberance at the lateral base of the 
 frontal bone, towards the temple, and behind 
 the organs of music and numbers. 
 
 At the middle and anterior part of the frontal 
 bone, above that of the memory of things. 
 
 In part confounded with the preceding. Indi- 
 cated at the outer side of the last by a protu- 
 berance, which gives to the forehead a peculiar 
 hemispherical shape. 
 
 At the lateral and outer part of the last; and giv- 
 ing greater width to the frontal prominence. 
 
 On the outer side of the last; divided into two 
 halves by the coronal suture. 
 
 Indicated by an oblong prominence above the 
 organ of comparative sagacity; almost at tha 
 frontal suture. 
 
 At the outer side of the last. 
 
 At the top of the frontal bone and at the superior 
 angles of the parietal bone. 
 
 The top of the head ; at the anterior and most 
 elevated part of the parietal bone. 
 
 used for this purpose is called a craniometer, (F.) 
 Craniometre. 
 
 CRANIO PATHI'A,- from Kpaviov, 'the cra- 
 nium,' and iraflof, ' disease.' Disease of the cra- 
 nium. 
 
 CRANIOPLAS'TT, Cranioplas'tice, from xpa- 
 viov, ' the skull,' and irXao-aoi, ' I form.' An ope- 
 ration for the restoration of the soft parts and 
 bones of the cranium. 
 
 CRANIOSCOPY, Craniology. 
 
 CRANIO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spinal. 
 
 Cranto-Spixal Axis, see Encephalon. 
 
 CRANIOSTENOSIS, see Microcephalus. 
 
 CRANIO'TABES, from Kpaviov, 'the skull,' 
 and tabes, 'wasting.' A softening of the bones 
 of the cranium, and a consequent thinness of 
 those bones, — as the occiput, (soft occiput.) — 
 which are much exposed to pressure. It is a 
 variety of rickets. — Elsasser. 
 
 CRANIOT'OMY, Craniotom'ia, (F.) Cranioto- 
 mie; from Kpaviov, 'the cranium,' and roiiri, 'in- 
 cision.' The operation of opening the head in 
 parturition. 
 
 Craniotomy Forceps. An instrument, resem- 
 bling the lithotomy forceps, for laying hold of 
 and breaking down the bones of the head in par- 
 turition. 
 
 CRANIUM, Cra'nion, Cranum, CalvQ'ria, Sea', 
 phion, Conchus, Calra, Olla cap'itis, Theca cer'- 
 ebri, Brain-pan, (Old Eng.) Pannilcell, (Prov.) 
 
CBA3rOMA5CT 
 
 CBEATIITE 
 
 Harfip^.n. the alcTiII : from «<i<nof, -'a helmet,' or 
 from fi.iva-1. •hea.ir' (P.) Crane. Jim erillection 
 of honea which form' the case for ladgia* the 
 brain and ina mimhraneaj aa well aa their veaaela, 
 and some ,jt' nb* nerrea, Theae botiea are eight 
 ia number — Tha frryntrif,, occipital^ two parietetl, 
 two t.eiiprjrnL che «'".■?'', ii^i, and etimmd. Beaidea 
 Cheae, there mi^^-hc he d.-maitiereii, aa heloiigin* to 
 the cranioia, ate iornuA aphenoidalia, the honea 
 of the ear. and she aaaa. Warmiana. Dr. Prichard 
 haa cbarai^teriied the primitire forma of the akisill 
 aceoroling to the width of the Brerpna^ or apace 
 between the parietal botiea : \. Tlie Stene^tg- 
 matey (irr£]ia<;, ' Boncnv/)/ or EtiiiioiiMaiS Tadety, 2L. 
 The Memhreg:mat>et (^kovs, 'sMSie/} or Cxaaawa 
 Taimtef; and S. Xbe Platgiireymife, (ti:Jmtvs, 
 'bcsa^') or MsaigoKaB irarie4rf. 
 
 CsubsnnK HcxA'scn^ Hmmam- CrafmiMm. or 
 5%w£L (F.) Gr&»e: immam, Tim was aactesllf 
 maeh nsed in preaeri^tzoss, aad waa esBsidersd 
 anti-eptIe|tCiey alezipliarHtie^ aa£il!oliiBii^ £e. 
 
 CUASOMAM'CYj Crt*»>emamtira, feom jt^wtisv, 
 ' the heai,* sbgI funraa, '^rrmatiea.' (P.) CVa- 
 «<MH«f7»fiia, The atrt of divining — frota the inapec- 
 tion. of the head or eranirua — the moral diapoai- 
 tiona and incllnationa of indiTidaala. 
 
 CRAyROy, CochleariaarmorafiiavC. offieinalia. 
 
 CRAY'S SAC, irCfTEEAL WATERS OF. 
 Craxia3;2.i2 ia a village in the department of Avey- 
 ron, ail leagues from Rhodez, which poaaeaaea 
 actdaloua chalybeate apringa, that have been 
 known for a long time. 
 
 CRi3rTER, from K^amav, "'to finiah/ 'reader 
 - irfect;.' The Dt:iM Sapi&t'ti/s haa been ao eaMed. 
 
 CRAyUif. Graninm. 
 
 CRAPULA, Craepale. 
 
 CRAQrEMEXT DE CUIE WEJIF (S.), 
 .Vstmc-ijfs'eHiu', 'crackling of new leather.' A 
 aoand like the craekling of new leather, aome- 
 times beard on examining the heart with the 
 stethoscope, which ia aymptomatic of pericar- 
 ditia. 
 
 CRAQUEMEXT PULXOyjJJtE, (¥.) -Ptil- 
 monary crackTmg.' TEsia hntft or aound eonaiata 
 in a auceeaaion of sasaM. cracklings, heard daring 
 inspiration, and almost alwaya at the top of the 
 long. Ik ia heard at the commencement of phthiaia. 
 
 CRASI3. from rs^iavvfii, "I mix.' A mixture 
 of the conatitoenta of a flaid; aa the crcma of the 
 htoodf iwiHOMi'8, &«. The word haa also been 
 employed in a more extensive aignifieation, aa 
 3ynoTiym.i:iti3 with Coniitfsittion, Temperamenif &<i. 
 
 CRASPEDO^T, Staphyloedema. 
 
 CRASS AilE^'TITM, from «?<«««, -'thick.' 
 The thick part or deposit of any finid. It ia par- 
 (aealariy applied to (ie elot of the blood. 
 
 C-RAsa.4jrEynrsr SA^srtyis, see Blood. 
 
 CBASSE, (J.) Dirt or imparity. A sort of 
 layer or enditit, which co-vers the skm, where 
 cleanlinesa ia not attended to ; and wbdeh ia 
 aomedm.es the reaolt of ihte emtmaeena exbaia- 
 tion ; at others, of extraaeoos raatt^ aSSteoBg to 
 the sarfaee of the body. 
 
 CPuASSETS'A- A term by wi^^ Pairae^sas 
 desig'a;ited the: ssdEm^ pcttreseec^ smd eorroaiv^ 
 principles, wMelr, he ^s/a^xH^ gare ase to tHeexs 
 and tn monrs of different feiad^ 
 
 CRASS^ITLA, frota anasaws, 'iStad^* awiag to 
 the thicknesa of its leaves. Sedsa f^e^kaeam. 
 
 CaAsarLA AaB0EE3C'B:s3, aee GofrjpledoB ocH- 
 calata — e. Portulacaeea, c Teteagsma. 
 
 CBAa'SlTLA TETRASO'Si. A licM^ Alyifffn 
 
 aucculant plant, Ord. Craasnlacese, wMeii is 
 somewhat aatringent. Boiled in Hsilk it is msed 
 in diarrhoea- Craumda porttdaea'eea ia aaid to 
 be used in similar cases. 
 
 CRASS US. Corpnlent. 
 
 CRAT-S'SFS A'RIA. from Kjtemi, 'strength,' 
 ftwing to the hardness of the wood. Mea'pihn, 
 
 M. A' rift. Aria sea 3ofhH», S. Aria sen Alp^nOf 
 White B^arh Tree, (T.) AJiner Mane, ASauehe, 
 Alonekier. The frriit, which ia of the aize of a 
 small pear, is slightly astringent:, and somewhat 
 agreeable ta the taate. It haa been employed in 
 diarrhoea. 
 
 CRAT^ITA MARilELOS, CoToIam. 
 
 CRATERAr'CHE^r, from f^ars^^, 'stpong,' 
 and myyfv, 'neck.' One wit& at atro«g ise«& : as 
 well as a strong neek itaelf- 
 
 CRATEV^Sniir, SiaymiliTOSia naatmiimn. 
 
 CRATOS, Force. 
 
 CRAUTB, MI]SrERAL WATERS OF. C^^oits 
 ia a village Sve leagues from .Aattm, in Praasc^ 
 where are mineral springs, containing salph*- 
 hydrate of magnesia, chloride of aoditmi, chlo- 
 ride of lime, anlphate of lime, aaid carbonate of 
 nsagnesia. 
 
 CBAVATE SrT.?SE(F.), 'Swiss cravat' A 
 heed of the longitndinal or snperSctal layer of 
 the mnacnlaT fibres of the stomach, along the 
 leaa^ ctrrvatnre of the organ, the shape of which 
 it aasiata in preserving: — so called, on aceotmt 
 of a fancied resemblance to a Swiss cravac 
 
 CRAW.CRAW. A specrea of itch, common on 
 the African coast — Boyle. 
 
 CBAYErX. Cretaeet^ns. 
 
 CBAYO.r yOTB. Graphites. 
 
 GRAZi:?fESS, Insanity. 
 
 CRAZY, Insane, Pain. 
 
 CREA, Shin. 
 
 CREAJr. Cremm- sea Flos laetix, fProT.) 
 Reawk, (F.) d-hme. A thick, nnetnoiia matter, 
 of a yeHowiah-white CGlotrr. and sweet, agreeable 
 taate, which rises to the atorStee of miMk, if kept 
 at rest. It ia eoospoaed <^ baitter, seram, and 
 eaaeisu 
 
 Criant is. a same grven in France to hmtiUtes 
 prepared with farina of different Mads; aa She 
 Cvemm af Biee, fF.) Crhae de Biz, C. of Barley^ 
 (F.) C. <£(h-g^ k&. The same term, and 'medi- 
 eiAol cream,' (F.) Crhne medieiikols, are used by 
 il. Beral for a preparation, resulting from the 
 nnion of y«^ cf efjg and anqnr with m.\lhy with 
 or withoTit the addition of medicinal agenca. 
 
 Cre-UT, Rigor — c Cold, Ceratnm Graleni, ITn- 
 guentnm Aqxtas roaaa — c of Tartar, Potasaaa 
 aapertartraa. 
 
 CREA3. Rnbeolai. 
 
 CRE'ASOTE, Cr^omte, Cream' bm, Kv^aseie, 
 Creasm.'to'Hu Crtrtzn'fry^ ; Oxj-kifdro-earhm'e^iiam. 
 ex o'lea pyroxyriea para' trim, (Ph. L.) from iCjisaif 
 •flesh,' and swrrvf, 'a preserver.' A aubatsnee 
 discovered not loug ago by Reiehenbach. It 13 
 obtained from tar, by diatfllation, and appears to 
 be the active antiseptic and medicinal agent in. 
 tar-watw and erode pyroligneotia acid. It is a 
 eoloarfeas traassparent fiaid, of a penetrating and 
 I dl'Tasreeafele odoor, and is freely soluble in alco- 
 hol and aeetie acid. Its taate is bitter. S. ^ 
 1"03^7. It eoagttlatea albt*men, whence its hssmo- 
 statie power. It is a moat powerfal antiseptic ; 
 and Itas been largely administered in hemorrhages 
 both! intensaEy smd externally. Aa an external 
 applieatioTi, it haa been used in' bttmsi, wleer^ 
 especially Aoae of 3 slonghing character, cferBnie 
 eataneoos affeetfona, and haa been applied to 
 tapeworm when protraded, &«. Internally, it 
 has been administered in phthisis, vomitrng, 
 diabetes nseltitaa, Bervoira dfeeases, chronic 
 glanders, &e. The dsse fnteniany is one or two 
 drops. Externally, it is soasetiiHes applied pure j 
 at others. dHiited, and cMBBSonIy with water, 
 ff^a to f^vj :) or in the form, of ointiaeBt, (f^sa 
 to^I of cerate.) 
 
 CRE.ASOTE PXAST, larrea Mexieana. 
 
 CRE^iTUTE, Creraim, Creati^M, KreToHite, 
 froisL ir^ni, 'Seahi.' A nitrogeaized eryatailiiabla 
 neatral sabatane^ obtained by the agency rf 
 
CREATININE 
 
 256 
 
 CRETACEOUS 
 
 water and heat in making broths and soups. It 
 does not combine either with acids or alkalies. 
 
 By the action of strong acids, creatine is con- 
 verted into Creatinine or Kreatinine, a substance 
 which has a strong alkaline reaction, and forms 
 crystallizable salts with acids. It preesists to a 
 small extent in the juice of flesh ; and is found 
 in conjunction with creatine in urine. 
 CREATININE, see Creatine. 
 CREATOPHAGUS, Carnivorous. 
 CREAZOTON, Creasote. 
 
 CREEPER, TRUMPET, Tecoma radicans— 
 c. Virginia, Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Tecoma 
 radicans. 
 
 CREEPERS, Fidgets. 
 
 OREMASON, Pyrosis. 
 
 CREilAS'TER, Suspendic'iilum,EIeva'ior Tes- 
 tic'uli, JIus'culus Testis seu Testicon' dus. That 
 which suspends ; from Kpefiaa, ' I suspend.' The 
 Greeks designated, by this term, the spermatic 
 cord, or all the parts by which the testicle is, 
 as it were, suspended ; but, since Yesalius, it has 
 received its present limited meaning. The cre- 
 master is a very thin, muscular fascia — sometimes 
 hardly perceptible — which detaches itself from 
 the internal oblique muscle; passes through the 
 abdominal ring, and vanishes around the tunica 
 vaginalis; serving to draw up the testicle, and 
 to move it slightly. It has been, also, called 
 Ttmica E njthro'i' des and Siispenso'rium Testis. 
 
 CREMAS'TERIC, Cremaster'icus, same ety- 
 mon as Cremaster. Appertaining or relating to 
 the cremaster, — as ' cremasteric &xterj)' — a branch 
 of the epigastric. 
 
 CRE_^ME, Chrisma. 
 
 CREME, Cream — c. ITedicinaJ, see Cream — c. 
 de Sou/re, Sulphur prsecipitatum — c. de Tartre, 
 Potassse supertartras. 
 
 CREMER. The common name for a disease 
 frequent in Hungary, which is produced by ex- 
 cess in eating and drinking. — Chomel. 
 
 CREMNOI, plural of Kptiiivo;, 'a. steep bank.' 
 The lips of an ulcer. The Labia puden'di. — Hip- 
 pocrates, Foesius. 
 
 CREMNON'CUS, from Kpviivoi, 'the labia pu- 
 dendi,' and oyKos, 'a tumour.' A swelling of the 
 labia pudendi. 
 
 CREMOR LACTIS,' Cream — c. Tartari, Po- 
 tassse supertartras — c. Urinse, see Urine. 
 
 CRENA, Crenatu'ra, DeiUic'ulus, (F.) Crene- 
 lure. In the plural, the small teeth or projec- 
 tions in the bones of the cranium, by means of 
 which an accurate junction is formed at the su- 
 tures. Crenelure has also been used in surgery, 
 for the gutter or groove in certain instruments, 
 which is generally intended to secure the passage 
 of cutting instruments; the groove, for example, 
 of a director. 
 
 CRENATURA, Crena. 
 
 CRENEL URE. Crena. 
 
 CRE'OLB, (S.) Criollo; from (S.) criar, ' to 
 create or foster.' A native of America, or of the 
 West Indies, whose ancestors emigrated from the 
 Old World, or from Africa. Hence there may be 
 black as well as white Creoles.— Tschudi. 
 
 CREOPHAGUS, Carnivorous. 
 
 CREPALIA TEMULENTA, Lolium temu- 
 lentum. 
 
 CREPANELLA, Plumbago Europsea. 
 
 CREPA'TIO, Crrjxifn'ra, from crepare, crepa- 
 tum, ' to make a noise.' The action of bursting 
 any seed by ebullition. Coque ad crepatu'ram, 
 ' Boil till it bursts.' 
 
 CREPATURA, Hernia. 
 
 CREPILINES, PALPEBRARUM, see 
 Tarsus. 
 
 CREP'ITANT, Crcp'ilating, Crepitans; same 
 etymon as Crcpatio. Crackling. 
 
 Rale Crejntant Sec d Grosses Bidles, ' dry 
 crackling noise with formation of large bubbles,' 
 is heard in pulmonary emphysema, when the dis- 
 tension becomes greater and greater, and is fol- 
 lowed by rupture of the vesicles. The air forcing 
 itself a passage in the interlobular areolar tissue, 
 gives rise to this Rale during inspiration. 
 
 Rale Crejiitant Sec of Laennec, R. vesiculaire. 
 The crejntant rattle, Crepita' tio vesicula'ris, heard, 
 during respiration, in severe pneumonia and in 
 oedema of the lung; so termed on account of the 
 analogy between the sound and that occasioned 
 by pressing a healthy lung between the fingers. 
 It resembles the sound produced by rubbing 
 slowly and firmly between the finger and thumb 
 a lock of hair near the ear. The Rhonehus crep'i- 
 tans redux, (F.) Rale crepitant rediix, is the sound 
 heard in respiration coexistent with the resolution 
 of pneumonia. It indicates the return of the cells 
 to the pervious condition. 
 
 CREPITATIO, Crepitation — c. Vesicularis, 
 Crepitation. 
 
 CREPITA'TION, Crepita'tio, Crep'itus, from 
 crepitare, 'to make a noise.' Crackling. Cre- 
 pitation or crepjitus, (F.) Cliquetis, has been used, 
 in Surgery, to designate the noise occasioned by 
 the friction of fractured bones, when the surgeon 
 moves them in certain directions. When it can- 
 not be heard at a distance, it may be detected by 
 the immediate application of the ear. or by the 
 use of the stethoscope. Crepntxis or crackling is, 
 likewise, met with in cases of gangrene, when air 
 is effused into the areolar membrane — provided 
 the part be carefully examined with the fingers. 
 The same term is used for the cracking of the 
 joints in health or disease. 
 
 CREPITUS, Crepitation, Fart— c. Lupi, Ly- 
 coperdon. 
 
 CRESCENTIA, Growth. 
 
 Crescen'tia Cuje'te ; called after Creseentio, 
 an Italian writer on agriculture; Ciijete, JVarrow- 
 leaved Calabash Tree. Ord. Solaneae. The pulp 
 of the fruit of this West India plant is acidulous. 
 It is used in diarrhoea and headach ; and, in syrup, 
 for diseases of the chest. 
 
 CRESCENTIA, Waxing kernels. 
 
 CRESERA, see Cribration. 
 
 CRESPINUS, Oxyacantha Galeni. 
 
 CRESS, BITTER, COMMON, Cardamine pra- 
 tensis — c. Garden, Lepidium sativum — c. Indian, 
 Tropasolum majus — c. Meadow, Cardamine praten- 
 sis — c. Penny, Thlaspi — o. Swines', Cochlearia 
 coronopus — c. Water, Sisymbrium nasturtium — 
 c. Water, marsh. Nasturtium palustre. 
 
 CRESSES, DOCK, Lapsana — c. Sciatica, Le- 
 pidium Iberis. 
 
 CRESSI, Sisymbrium nasturtium. 
 
 CRESSON ALENOIS, Lepidium sativum — 
 c. Elegant, Cardamine pratensis — c. de Fontaine, 
 Sisymbrium nasturtium — c. des hides, Tropaeo- 
 lum majus — c. des Jardins, Lepidium sativum — 
 e. du Mexique, Tropgeolum majus — c. de Para, 
 Spilanthus oleraceus — c. des Pres, Cardamine 
 pratensis. 
 
 CREST, Crista— e. of the Hium, see Crista of 
 the Ilium — c. of the Pubis, see Crista of the Pu- 
 bis — c. of the Tibia, see Crista of the Tibia — c. of 
 the Urethra, see Crista urethralis. 
 
 CPiETA, Car'bonas calcis friah'ilis, Car'bonas 
 calca'reus, Glisomo.r'go, Melia Terra, Chalk, Car- 
 bonate of Lime, (F.J Crate. Native friable car- 
 bonate of lime. 
 
 Creta Prepaea'ta, Car'bonas Calcis preepa- 
 ra' tits, Prepared Chalk. (Prepared by levigation.) 
 Used externally, as an absorbent ; internally, as 
 an antacid. Dose, gr. x to Jj or more. 
 
 CRETA'CEOUS, C/eta'cew*, (F.) Craijevx, from 
 creta, ' chalk.' Containing, or relating to, or 
 
CRETE 
 
 257 
 
 CRICOID 
 
 having tLe characters of, chalk; as 'cretaceous 
 mixture, cretaceous tubercles.' 
 
 CRETE, Crista— c. de Coq, Crista galli — c. de 
 I'Ethmdide Crista galli — c. Urethrale, Gallinagi- 
 nis caput. 
 
 CRETEFAC'TIOX, Cretefac'tio, from creta, 
 'chalk,' and facere, factum, 'to make.' Forma- 
 tion of, or conversion into chalk, as the conver- 
 sion of tubercles into calcareous or cretaceous 
 concretions; Calcification. 
 
 CRATES DE COQ, see Crista. 
 
 CRETIN. One affected with cretinism. The 
 word is said to come from Chretien, ' Christian,' 
 because the Cretin, being in a state of idiocy, is 
 incapable of committing any sin [?] See Cagot. 
 
 CRET'INISM, Cretinii'mus, Cret'inaye, Cijrto'- 
 sis Cretinia'nms, Kretinis'mua, Idioti'a endem'ica, 
 Idiotism'us endem'icus, Fafu'itas convall'inus 
 sea Aljiieola'ruin, Micrenceph'alon, (F.) Creti- 
 nisvie. An epidemic aflfection in the low, deep, 
 narrow situations of the Valais ; in the valley of 
 Aost, Maurienne, a port of Switzerland, the Pyre- 
 nees, Tyrol, &c. It is a state of idiocy, com- 
 monly accompanied by an enormous goitre, and 
 is often hereditary. The unfortunate cretin is 
 little better than the animals around him. He 
 rarely attains an advanced age. Like idiocy, 
 cretinism has been divided into complete and in- 
 complete. 
 
 CREUSET, Crucible. 
 
 CREUX DE L'AISSELLE, see Axilla— c de 
 I'Estomac, Fossette du cceur — c. de la Main, Palm. 
 
 CREUZNACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 The springs of Creuznach are in Germany. They 
 contain iodine, bromine, and the chlorides of 
 sodium and calcium. 
 
 CREUZOT, MINERAL WATERS OF. C. is 
 a mountain to the north-east of Mount Cenis. 
 Near it is a saline chalybeate spring. 
 
 CREVASSE, (F.) Rima, from crever, 'to break 
 or crack.' A crack, a cleft. The words crevasse, I 
 gergure, fissure, and rhagade are often used syno- 
 nymously for small longitudinal cracks or chaps 
 of a more or less painful character. Sometimes, 
 crevasse is employed to designate the solutions of 
 continuity or ruptures, which supervene in dis- 
 tended parts, in the urinary passages, uterus, &c.: 
 it is then synonymous with rupture. 
 
 CREWDS, Rubeola. 
 
 CREWEL, Primula veris. 
 
 CRT, Cry — c. de Cair, Bruit de Craqnement, 
 Craquement de cuir nevf. 
 
 CRIBLE, Cribratus. 
 
 CRIBRA, see Cribration. 
 
 CRIBRA'TION, Crihra'tio, Coscims'mus, from 
 cribrare, crihratum, 'to sift.' Sifting. A phar- 
 maceutical operation, which consists in separat- 
 ing the finer parts of drugs from the coarser. 
 Sieves, Drumsievea, are used for this purpose. 
 These were formerly called Cribra ; Cos'cinoi. 
 A sieve for separating the bran from meal was 
 termed Cre'sera, Aleurote'sis, Cribrum Pollina'- 
 rium. 
 
 CRIBRA'TUS, Cribro'sus, from cribrum, 'a 
 sieve.' (F.) CribU. Having holes like a sieve. 
 Lame crihlee, Crib' ri form plate, is the horizontal 
 lamina of the ethmoid bone— so called because it 
 is perforated like a sieve. Through the perfora- 
 tions, Param'ina cribro'sa, the olfactory nerves 
 pass. 
 
 La'mina Cribro'sa of Albinus ; Crib' ri form la- 
 mel'la — a circular spot, perforated with small 
 holes, seen wheh the optic nerve is regarded from 
 the inside, after removing the retina and choroid. 
 From these holes the medullary matter may be 
 expressed. 
 
 CRIB'RIFORM, Cribrform'is, from cribrnm, 
 17 
 
 'a sieve,' and /ojtoo, 'form.' The ethmoid bone 
 was formerly so called. — Os Cribrifor'me. 
 
 CRiBRiFonM Compress. A square piece of 
 linen pierced with a number of holes. This is 
 spread with cerate and applied to a suppurating 
 surface, the holes being intended for the escape 
 of the pus. 
 
 Cribriform Fascia, see Fascia, cribriform — c. 
 Lamella, see Cribratus — c. Plate of the Ethmoid, 
 see Cribratus. 
 
 CRIBBOSUS, Cribratus. 
 
 CRIBRUM POLLINARIUM, see Cribration. 
 
 CRICARYTENODES, Crico-arytenoid. 
 
 CPtlCELLA'SIA, Cricela'sia, KpiKr;\aijia, from 
 KptKos,'a circle,' and tXauKM, 'I drive.' An exer- 
 cise with the ancients, which appears to have 
 been the same as the childish play of rolling the 
 hoop. 
 
 CRICK IN THE NECK, Shoot, (Prov.) Hod. 
 A painful rheumatic affection of the muscles of 
 the neck, which causes the person to hold his 
 head to one side in a characteristic mannter. 
 
 CRICO. In composition, appertaining or re- 
 lating to the cricoid cartilage. 
 
 C R I C O-A R Y T'E NOI I), Crico-arytenoideiis, 
 Cricaryteno' des. Relating to the cricoid and ary- 
 tenoid cartilages. 
 
 Crico-Aryt'enoid Muscle, Crico-aryteno'ideug 
 latera'lis, Crico-latero-aryteno'idien. A muscle 
 which proceeds from the lateral part of the supe- 
 rior edge of the cricoiil cartilage to the outer and 
 anterior part of the base of the arytenoid carti- 
 lage. It carries the arytenoid cartilage outward 
 and forward. 
 
 Crico-Artt'enoid, Poste'rior; Crico-aryte- 
 no'ideus posti'cus, Crico-creti-arteno'idien, Dila- 
 tateur jtosterieur du Larynx. A small, triangular 
 muscle, seated in the back part of the larynx. It 
 extends from the prominent line, at the middle 
 of the posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage, to 
 the outer and posterior part of the base of the 
 ■arytenoid cartilage. 
 
 Crico-Arytenoideus Supe'rior, of Winslow, 
 forms part of the Aryteno'idetis of modern anato- 
 mists. 
 
 CRICO - CRE TI-AR YTENOIDIEN, Crico- 
 arytenoid, posterior — c. Latero-arytenoidien. 
 Crico-arytenoid. 
 
 CRICOPHARYNGE'AL, Crico-Pharynge'us. 
 Belonging to the cricoid cartilage and pharynx. 
 
 Crico-Pharyngeds muscles of Winslow, is a 
 fleshy bundle, which forms part of the Constrictor 
 Pharyngis inferior. He calls the other part 
 Thyro-piharynge'us, and proposes to call the 
 whole Thyro-crico-pharynqeus. 
 
 CRICO-THYREOIDES, Crico-Thyroidean. 
 
 Crico-Thyroidean, Cri co-thyroid, Crico-thy- 
 reo'des, Crico-thyreo'i' des, Crico-thyreoideus. Be- 
 longing to the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. 
 
 Crico-Thy"roid Membrane is of a fibrous na- 
 ture, and extends from the upper edge of the 
 cricoid cartilage to the inferior edge of the 
 thyroid. 
 
 CRico-THYRorD Muscle, Crico thyi-o'ideus, (F.) 
 Dilatateur anterieur du larynx, is a small fleshy 
 bundle, of a triangular shape, at the anterior and 
 inferior part of the larynx. It extends from the 
 outer surface of the cricoid cartilage to the late- 
 ral parts of the inferior margin of the thyroid car- 
 tilage ; and its use is to approximate, anteriorly, 
 the corresponding margins of the cricoid and thy- 
 roid cartilages; and thus to stretch the ligaments 
 of the glottis, which it contracts by separating 
 the thyroid cartilage from the arytenoid. 
 
 CRICO-THYRO-PEAR YNGIEN, Constric- 
 tor pharyngis. 
 
 CRICOID, Oricor dens, CricoVdes, Crico des, 
 Annula'ris, Cymhala'ris, from Kpixo;, ' a ring,' 
 and tiSos, 'form.' Having the form of a ring. 
 
CRICOIDES 
 
 258 
 
 CROCIDIXIS 
 
 A name given to one of tbe cartilages of the 
 larynx, Cartila'go innomina' ta, (F.) Cartilaye 
 anonyme, which is situate at its lower part, be- 
 tween the thyroid and tirst ring of the trachea. 
 It is much higher behind than before. 
 CRICOIDES, Annular, Cricoid. 
 CPvICOS, Ring. 
 
 CRIMNO'DES, Criinnoi'des, from Kpiixvov, 
 'coarse meal, bran,' and ti&os, 'resemblance.' 
 Resembling meal or bran. Applied to urine, 
 which deposits a bran-like sediment, Orimno'des 
 Uri'na. 
 CRIMNON, Farina. 
 
 CRINA'LE. from crinis, 'hair.' An instru- 
 ment formerly used to compress in cases of fis- 
 tula lacrymalis. It has its name from the cir- 
 cumstance of its having at one end a small cushion 
 stuffed with hair. — Scultetus. 
 
 CRINA'TUM. A species of fumigation, used 
 by Paulus of J5gina. The roots of lilies entered 
 into the process; hence its name, — from Kpivov, 
 ' the lily.' 
 
 CRINES, Hair. 
 CRINIS, Capillus. 
 CRINKLE-CRANKLE, Wrinkle. 
 CRINOM'YRON, from xpivov, 'the lily,' and 
 livpov, 'ointment.' Ungutn'Uim lilia'ceum, U. 
 JEgyp'tium album, U. Stcai'num. An ointment, 
 composed of lilies and some aromatic plants. — 
 Gorrfeus. 
 
 CRIJsON, Lilium candidum. 
 CRINONES, see Acne punctata, 
 CRIOLLO, Creole. 
 
 CRIOMYX'OS. In antiquity, one who had 
 much mucus flowing from his nasal fossae, like 
 the ram; from Kpioq, 'a ram,' and (iv^a, 'mucus.' 
 
 CRISIS, Diac'risis, Dijudica'tio, ' decision ;' 
 from (cpivM, 'I decide.' This word has been used 
 in various acceptations. Some mean by crisis of 
 a disease, when it augments or diminishes consi- 
 derably, becomes transformed into another, or 
 ceases entirely. Some have used the word to 
 signify only the favourable changes which super- 
 vene in disease ; others, for the change going on 
 in the acme or violence of the disease. Others, 
 again, have given this name only to a rapid and 
 favourable change, joined to some copious eva- 
 cuation or eruption ; whilst others have applied 
 the term to the symptoms that accompany such 
 change, and not to the change itself; — thus in- 
 cluding, under the same denomination, the criti- 
 cal phenomena and the crisis. 
 
 CRISPA'TION, Crispatu'ra, from criepare, 
 crispatum, ' to wrinkle.' A contraction or spas- 
 modic constriction, which supervenes in certain 
 parts, either spontaneously or by the influence of 
 some morbific cause or therapeutical agent. The 
 capillary vessels of a wound are, by the French, 
 termed crispes, when, immediately, after an ope- 
 ration, the blood does not flow from them. The 
 skin is said to be crispee, when contracted, and 
 the bulbs of the hair become more prominent. 
 Crispafion of the nerves is a slight convulsive 
 motion of external or internal parts, much less 
 than that which occurs in convulsion. 
 
 CRISTA, Amle, Ambon. A crest. (F.) Crete. 
 A name given to several bony projections; also, 
 to the clitoris. 
 
 The word Cretes (F.), CristcB, is also used, in 
 France, for fimbriated excrescences, which form 
 at the anus, and near the genital organs; and are 
 commonly owing to the syphilitic virus. CrStes 
 de Coq are syphilitic excrescences, resembling, in 
 form, the erest of the cock. 
 
 Crista Galli ; two Latin words, signifying 
 the comb of a cock, (F.) Crete de I'ethmo'ide, C. 
 ie Coq. A flat, triangular process, rising above 
 .lie cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, and re- 
 
 sembling a cock's comb. It gives attachment to 
 the anterior part of the falx cerebri. 
 
 Crista or Crest of the Il'ium, is the supe- 
 rior margin of the ilium : — the Crista or Crest of 
 the Tib'ia, the anterior edge, the shin; and the 
 Crista or Crest of the Pubis, the posterior sharp 
 edge on the upper surface of the bone. Winslow 
 calls the nymphae, CristcB of the clit'oris; and 
 Chaussier, the verumontanum. Crista Ureihra'- 
 lis, Crest of the Urethra. 
 
 Crista Interna, Frontal Spine — e. Sphenoi- 
 dalis, Sphenoidal spine — c. Tibise, Shin — e. 
 Urethralis, Gallinaginis caput. 
 
 Crista Vestib'uli, Eminen'tia pyramida'Us. 
 A crest which divides the vestibule of the ear 
 into two fossffi, — one inferior and hemispherical, 
 called Fo'vea hemisphm' rica. Sinus rotun'dus: the 
 other superior and semi-elliptical, Fo'vea ellip'- 
 tiea seu semi-ellip'tica seu hemi-ellipt'ica, Sinus 
 ovatus. Morgagni has described a third groove- 
 like fossa, Reces'sus seu Fo'vea sulciform'is, situ- 
 ate at the mouth of the common orifice of the two 
 superior semicircular canals. 
 
 CRISTA CLITORIDIS, Nymphae. 
 CRISTALLIN, Crystalline. 
 CRISTALLINE, Mesembryanthemum crys- 
 tallinum. 
 
 CRISTALLOIDITIS, Phacitis. 
 CRITHE, Hordeolum, Hordeum, Penis. 
 CRITHIDION, Hordeolum. 
 CRITHMUM MARIT'IMUM, Crithmum, Ca- 
 chrys rnarit' ima, Foenic' ulum mari'num, Samphire, 
 (F.) Passe-pierre, Perce-pierre, Fenonil marin, 
 Bacile. Family, Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
 tandria Digynia. A plant which grows on the 
 sea-coasts, has a spicy, aromatic flavour, and is 
 used, pickled, as a condiment. 
 
 The Caaponga of Brazil is a kind of crithmum. 
 CRIT'ICAL, Crit'icus, (F.) Critique. Belong- 
 ing to a crisis. 
 
 Critical Days, Dies crit'ici seu judieato'rii 
 seu Decreto'rii seu Prin'cipes seu Radica'les seu 
 Contempjlab'iles seu Internun' cii, (F.) Jours cri- 
 tiques, are those on which a crisis, it is imagined, 
 is most likely to happen. According to Hippo- 
 crates and Galen, the greatest number of fevers 
 terminate favourably on the 7th day, and many 
 on the 14th : — these two days being the most 
 propitious. Next to these come, in order of effi- 
 ciency, the 9th, Ilth, 20th or 21st, 17th, 5th, 4th, 
 3d, 18th, 27th, and 2Sth. The sixth day wa« 
 called by Galen, the Tyrant, rvpavvog, because 
 the crises that happened then were generally un- 
 favourable. After this, the most unfavourable 
 were the 8th, 10th, 12th, 16th, and 19th. The 
 13th was a sort of neutral day ; the crises which 
 happened on it being neither favourable nor un- 
 favourable. Days were, also, divided into Inter'- 
 calary, on which the crises happened less fre- 
 quently, and were less complete than on the 
 critical or indicatory ; — and into vacant and non- 
 dec'refory, on which a crisis hardly ever occurred. 
 According to this division, they were enumerated 
 as follows : 
 
 Critical days 7th, 14tb, 20th, 27th, 34th, 
 
 40th, 60th, &c. 
 
 Indicatory days 4th, 11th, 17th, 24th, &c. 
 
 Intercalary days 3d, 5th, 6th, 9th, &o. 
 
 Non-decretory days..2d, 8th, 10th, 12th, 13th, &C. 
 
 Fortunate crises were considered to be indi- 
 cated by favourable signs appearing three days 
 before. 
 
 CRITICAL PERIOD, see Menses. 
 
 CRITIQUE, Critical. 
 
 CROCHET, Crotchet. 
 
 CROCIDISMUS, Carphologia. 
 
 CROCIDIXIS, Carphologia. 
 
CEOCINUM 
 
 259 
 
 CROUP 
 
 CRO'CINUM, from KpoKos, 'saffron.' Made 
 with saffron ; coloured with saffron. 
 
 CROCO'DES, from KpoKos, ' saffron,' and ciiog, 
 'resemblance.' Certain troches into which saf- 
 fron entered as an ingredient.— Paulus of ^gina. 
 CRQCODI'LEA, Stercus Lncer'tm. The ex- 
 crements of the crocodile, which the Arabists 
 extolled as a remedy for cutaneous diseases, and 
 which was long used as a cosmetic. 
 CROCODILIUM, Echinops. 
 CROCOMAG'MA, from KpoKog, 'saffron,' and 
 uayfia, ' a kneaded or squeezed mass.' A kind 
 of troch, composed of safi'ron and spices. — Galen, 
 Dioscorides, Paulus of ^gina, Scribonius Largus. 
 CROCUS, C. sati'vus seu offieina'lis seu Aus- 
 triaciis seu Orienta'Us, Ifedici'na Tristit" ioB, Pa- 
 vace'ci vegetah'ilis, Zaffrau, An'ima Pulmo'num, 
 Jovisjlos, Saffron, {¥.) Sofrafi. Order, Iridacese. 
 The stigmata, Crocus (Ph. U. S.,) are the parts 
 used in medicine. They are brought from the 
 East. The odour is aromatic, and the taste aro- 
 matic, pungent, and bitter: — the colour deep 
 orange red. Its virtues are yielded to alcohol, 
 wine, vinegar and water. Its operation has been 
 considered stimulant, exhilarating and diapho- 
 retic. It is not much used. 
 
 Cake Saffron is sometimes met with. It con- 
 sists of one part of saffron and nine of marigold, 
 made into a cake with oil, and pressed. 
 
 Ciiocus, Colcothar — c. Antimonii, Oxydum 
 stibii sulphuratum — c. Austriacus, Crocus — c. 
 Germanicus, Carthamus tinctorius — <;. Indicus, 
 Curcuma longa — c. Martis adstringens, Colcothar 
 — c. Martis aperiens, Ferri subcarbonas — c. Mar- 
 tis vitriolatus, Colcothar — c. Metallorum, Oxydum 
 stibii sulphuratum — e. Officinalis, Crocus — c. Ori- 
 entalis. Crocus — c. Saracenicus, Carthamus tinc- 
 torius — c. Sativus, Crocus. 
 
 CROCYDISMUS, Carphologia. 
 
 CROIL, Nanus. 
 
 CROISE (¥.), Cnicia'fus, Crossed. An epithet 
 given to paralysis, when it attacks the arm of one 
 side and the leg of another. 
 
 CROISEMENT, Crossing. 
 
 CROISSANOE, Growth. 
 
 CROrSSANCES, Waxing kernels. 
 
 CROISSANTS, Waxing kernels. 
 
 CROIX BE MALTE, Sph'mum Crucia'tum, 
 Maltese Cross, Cross of Malta. A compress, 
 having the form of the Maltese cross. It is 
 made of a piece of square linen, folded in four, 
 and divided with scissors from each angle to a 
 small distance from the centre. It is used espe- 
 cially after amputation of the fingers, penis, and 
 limbs. 
 
 When the compress is cut in two of its angles 
 only, it is called the Half Maltese Cross, — Demi- 
 croix de Malte. 
 
 CROK, Nanus. 
 
 CROMMYON, Allium cepa. 
 
 CROMxMYOXYREG'MIA, from Kpoyiivov, 'an 
 onion,' ofuj, 'acid,' and pnyvv/n, 'to break out.' 
 Sour, fetid eructations, exhaling a smell similar 
 to that of onions. 
 
 CROPALE, Nerium antidysentericum. 
 
 CROOPBACKED, see Hump. 
 
 CROOPY, Croupy. 
 
 CROPSIA, Chromopsia. 
 
 CROSS, MALTESE, Croix de Malte. 
 
 CROSS-EYE, Strabismus. 
 
 CROSSE DE L'AORTE, Arch of the aorta. 
 
 CROSSE MITE, Acarus Crossii. 
 
 CROSSES PALM AIRES, Palmar arches. 
 
 CROSSFOOT, see Kyllosis. 
 
 CROSSING, _(F.) Croisement, Metissage. The 
 union of an animal of one race with one of an- 
 other, in order to improve the breed. In man, 
 as well as in animals, the union of near relatives 
 
 is apt to deteriorate the offspring, and hence cross- 
 ing is important in his case. 
 
 CROSS WOPv,T, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Lysi- 
 machia qnadrifolia. 
 
 CROTALOPHORUS, Crotalus horridus. 
 
 CROT'ALUS HOR'RIDUS, Crotaloph'orus. 
 The Rattlesnake, Cobra di Cajyello, (F.) Crotale. 
 Class, Reptilia, Ord. Ophidia. A venomous rep- 
 tile of North America. Its poison is virulent. 
 It is so called from the rattle in its tail, {Kpora'Xov, 
 ' a rattle,' ' a small bell.') 
 
 CROT'APHE, Crota'phium, from Kporadio;, 
 'temple.' Cephalal'gia Pidsat'ilis, Cephalm'a 
 Pidsat'ilis, Sphi/gmocepk' alns. A pulsatory pain, 
 chiefly in the temples, with drumming in the ears. 
 
 CROTAPHITE ARTERIES, Temporal ar- 
 teries. 
 
 CROTAPHITES, Temporal muscle. 
 
 CROTAPHIUM, Crotaphe. 
 
 CROTAPHUS, Temple, Temporal bone. 
 
 CROTCHJET, Hamus. A small hook or crook. 
 (F.) Crochet. An obstetrical instrument, whose 
 name indicates its shape, and which is used in the 
 extraction of thefostus, when itbecomes necessary 
 to destroy it to expedite delivery. Crotchets are 
 differently formed; some are sharp, others blunt; 
 some contained in a sheath, others naked. 
 
 CROTON BENZOE, Benjamin. 
 
 CrOTON Cascaril'lA, Cortex Elenthe'ria, Cro- 
 ton Eleutlie'ria seu Elute'ria, Clu'tia Elute'ria, 
 Thus JudcRo'rum, Chucaril'lcB cortex, Cascaril'la, 
 Eleute'ria, Gascaril'la. Order, Euphorbiaeese. 
 Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia. (F.) Quin- 
 quina aromatique, Cascarille, Chacrille. The bark 
 of Croton Cascarilla of the Bahamas, Cortex 
 Thuris, Cascarilla, (Ph. U. S.), (P.) JEeorce 
 eleutherienne, has a slightly aromatic odour, and 
 bitterish aromatic taste. The smoke has the 
 odour of musk. The active parts are an essen- 
 tial oil and bitter extractive. They are com- 
 pletely extracted by proof spirit. It is tonic and 
 stomachic. Dose, gr. .xv to ,!^ss or more, in powder. 
 
 CuoTON Eleutueria, Croton cascarilla — c. Ja- 
 malgota, C. tiglium — c. Lacciferum, see Lacca — 
 c. Oil, Croton tiglium. 
 
 Croton PsEUPo-CHiNA, Copalche hush. A South 
 American plant, which yields a bark — Cortex 
 Copalche seu Copalchi, very like that of Casca- 
 rilla. 
 
 Croton Racemo'sum, Beenel. A small Mala- 
 bar tree, whose aromatic root, boiled in oil of 
 sesame, is employed, by the orientals, as a lini- 
 ment in headach and rheumatism. 
 
 Croton Seeds, see Croton tiglium. 
 
 C'ROtO'nTlQ' ■LlTJ'i.ljC. Jamalgo' ta, Cadel-Avanacu. 
 (F.) Petit Pignon d' hide. A Ceylonese plant, 
 every part of which is endowed with medicinal 
 power. The root is a drastic cathartic : the wood, 
 Lignum Pava'nce, Pavana wood, and the seed, 
 have like virtues. The seeds have been long 
 known under the names, Grana MoIuc'ccb, Til'ii 
 Grana, and Grana Tig'lii seu Tig'lia, Croton 
 seeds. Purging nuts. From these seeds the Croton 
 Oil, O'leiim Tig'lii, is expressed. It is of a pale, 
 brownish-yellow colour, and hot, biting taste ; 
 and is a most powerful drastic cathartic. Dose, 
 from half a drop to three drops, made into pills 
 with crumb of bread. It is also applied exter- 
 nally as a rubefacient, 3 to 5 drops being rubbed 
 on the part; or one part of the oil and three parts 
 of olive oil may be added together, and a little of 
 this be rubbed on. 
 
 CROTO'NE, KfoTiiivri. A fungus, which grows 
 on trees, and is produced by an insect, from Kporwv, 
 ' a tick.' By extension, applied to a fungous 
 tumour developed on the periosteum. 
 
 CROUP, Cynanche trachealis — c. Bronchial, 
 Polypus bronchialis — c. Cerebral,- Asthma thymi- 
 
CROUPE 
 
 260 
 
 CRURAL 
 
 cum — e. Cerebral spasmodic, Carpo -pedal spasm — 
 c. Chronic, Polypus broncbialis — c. Faux, Asth- 
 ma thymicum, see Cynanche trachealis. 
 
 Croup, Hyster'ic. A spasmodic affection of 
 the laryngeal muscles by no means unfrequent in 
 hysterical females, — the paroxysm consisting in 
 a long protracted, loud and convulsive cough, 
 followed at times by crowing respiration, and 
 by dyspnoea so great as to threaten suffocation. 
 The treatment is that advised for hysteria. 
 
 Croup, Pseudo, Asthma thymicum — c. Pseu- 
 do-nerveux, Asthma thymicum — c. Spasmodic, 
 see Asthma thymicum, and Cynanche trachealis 
 — c. Spurious, Asthma thymicum. 
 
 CROUPE, see Croupion. 
 
 CROUPION (P.), Uropyg'ium, Orus, Orrlos, 
 the Rump. The region of the coccyx. The Crup- 
 per, (F.) Croupe. 
 
 CROUP-LIKE INSPIRATION OF IN- 
 FANTS. Asthma thymicum. 
 
 CROUP AL, Croupy. 
 
 CROUPOUS, Croupy. 
 
 CROUPY, Croupous, Crupo'sus, (F.) Croupal. 
 Relating, or appertaining to, or resembling croup; 
 as a 'croupy cough.' Hoarse. (Prov.) Croopy. 
 
 Ceodpt lNrLA}rMA'TiON,//i/Za)?inia'fiocroi(j3o'sa, 
 is the inflammation of a mucous membrane, at- 
 tended with a pseudo-membranous exudation. 
 
 CROUTE, Crusta— c. de Lciit, Porrigo larvalis 
 — c. Laiteiise, Porrigo larvalis. 
 
 CROUTEUX, Crustace. 
 
 CROWFOOT, Geranium maculatum— e. Brist- 
 ly. Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus — c. Bulbous, Ra- 
 nunculus bulbosus — c. Bulbous-rooted, Ranun- 
 culus bulbosus — c. Celery-leaved, Ranunculus 
 soeleratus — c. Crushed, Ranunculus sceleratus — 
 c. JNIarsh, Ranunculus sceleratus — e. Meadow, 
 Ranunculus acris — c. Small-flowered, Pi,anunculus 
 abortivus — c. Tall, Ranunculus acris — c. Water, 
 smaller. Ranunculus flammula. 
 
 GROWLING, Borborygmus. 
 
 CROWN, Coro'na, Steph'ane, (G.) Krone, 
 (F.) Gouronne. In anatomy, this name is given 
 to parts of a circular form, which surmount other 
 portions of the same body. Thus, the Croicn of 
 a Tooth, Coro'na Dentis, (F.) Couronne dn Dent, 
 is the portion of the tooth which projects above 
 the gum. 
 
 CROWN OF THE HEAD, Vertex. 
 
 Crown of the GlANS, Coro'na seu Tor'ulua 
 glandis, (F.) Couronne du (/land, is the round, 
 almost circular, ring, which circumscribes the 
 base of the glans. 
 
 Crown of the Trepan, Modi'olus, (F.) Cou- 
 ronne du Trepan, is a species of saw, in form of 
 a crown, or rather of a portion of a cylinder, 
 having grooves on its external surface, and teeth 
 at its lower extremity; the other being fitted to 
 the handle of the trepan. 
 
 Crown of Venus, Coro'na Ven'erh, Gutta Ro- 
 sa'cea Syphilit'ica, (F.) Couronne de Venus. Red, 
 rosy pustules, dry or moist, on the face; but par- 
 ticularly on the forehead and temples, owing to 
 constitutional syphilis. 
 
 CROWS' BEAK-LIKE PROCESS, Coracoid 
 process. 
 
 CRU, Crude. 
 
 CRU'CIAL, from crux, crueis, 'a cross.' Cru- 
 cia'lis, Cruda'tus. Having the shape of a cross. 
 Appertaining to a cross. 
 
 Crucial Bandage, T Bandage. 
 
 Crucial Incis'ion, Incisn'ra crucia'h'n, (F.) 
 Incision crueiale. An incision made in the form 
 of a cross. Often emploj-ed for exposing the cra- 
 nium, for the purpose of applying the trepan. 
 
 Crucial Ligament of the Atlas, Annular 
 ligament of the Atlas. 
 
 CauciAL Lig'aments, (P.) Ligaments croises 
 
 ou eruci/ormes. Two strong ligaments within 
 the knee-joint. The anterior passes obliquely 
 from a depression anterior to the spine of the 
 tibia to the posterior and inner part of the exter- 
 nal condyle of the femur : — the other, the j^oste- 
 rior, extends from the posterior part of the spine 
 of the tibia to the anterior and outer part of the 
 internal condyle. 
 
 CRUCIA'TI DOLO'RES, Excruciating pains. 
 
 CRUCIATUS, Croise. 
 
 CRU'CIBLE, from crux, crueis, 'a, cross;' so 
 called — it has been supposed — from being made 
 in the shape of a cross, or from having a cross 
 impressed upon it. [?] Crucih'ulum, Cati'nus 
 fuso'rius, Tigil'lum, Alhot, Cemente' rium, (F.) 
 Creuset. A vessel of earth, silver, platinum, 
 gold, blacklead, &e., for receiving substances, 
 which have to be exposed to a strong heat. It 
 is sometimes covered with a top or lid. (F.) Cou- 
 vercle. 
 
 CRU'CIFORM, from ci-iix, crueis, ' & cross,' and 
 forma, 'shape;' Cruciform' is. Cross-shaped. A 
 name given to the ligaments which close the ar- 
 ticulations of the phalanges; and likewise to the 
 crucial ligaments. 
 
 CRUDE, Crudus, Omus, (F.) Cru. Raw, un- 
 ripe, not concocted. 
 
 CRUDITAS MORBI, see Crudity— c. Ventri- 
 culi, see Crudity. 
 
 CRU'DITY, Cru'dilas, Om'otes, Status Crudi- 
 ta'tis,ivora crudus, 'crude,' ' unprepared,' /hcocVh*. 
 Rawness, Crudeness. This has received several 
 acceptations. 1. It expresses the quality of cer- 
 tain aliments, which have not experienced the 
 action of fire. 2. The condition of matters in the 
 digestive tube, which have not undergone the di- 
 gestive changes — eru'ditas ventric' uli ; and, 3. In 
 the language of the Humorists, it means the con- 
 dition of the morbific matter in a sick individual, 
 eru'ditas morbi, when it has not yet been pre- 
 pared or concocted by the action of the organs — 
 Azym'ia humo'rum. 
 
 The word is used in the plural, Cru'dities, syno- 
 nymously with crude matters. (P.) Malieres crues. 
 It is applied to those, when contained in the sto- 
 mach and intestines. 
 
 CRUE, Growth. 
 
 CRUELS, Herpes Zoster, Scrofula. 
 
 CRUENTA EXSPUITIO, Haemoptysis. 
 
 CR UES (.Uatieres), see Crudity. 
 
 CRUME'NA VESrC^aS. The cavity of the 
 urinary bladder. 
 
 CRUOPv,. Coagulated blood, gore. The signi- 
 fication of this word is very vague. It has been 
 used to designate blood in general, venous blood, 
 extravasated or coagulated blood, and the colour- 
 ing matter. 
 
 Cruor Sanguinis, see Blood. 
 
 CRUORIN. Hfematin. 
 
 CRUPOSUS, Croupy. 
 
 CRUPPER, Croupion— c. Bone, Coccyx. 
 
 CRUPSIA, Metamorphopsia. 
 
 CRURA. The plural of crus, 'a leg.' (F.) 
 Cuisse. Applied to some parts of the body, from 
 their resemblance to legs or roots; as the Crura 
 cerebri, Crura cerebelli, &c. 
 
 Crura Anteriora Medulla Oblongat^e, Pe- 
 duncles of the brain — -c. Cerebelli, Peduncles of 
 the cerebellum — c. Cerebelli ad Corpora Quadri- 
 gemina, see Peduncles of the cerebellum — c. 
 Cerebelli ad Poutem, see Peduncles of the cere- 
 bellum — c. Cerebri, Peduncles of the brain — c. 
 Clitoridis interna, Bulbus vestibuli — c. Medullae 
 oblongatfe. Corpora restiformia, Thalami nervo- 
 rum opticorum, see Peduncles of the cerebellum 
 — c. Posteriora medullse oblongatse, Peduncles 
 of the cerebellum. 
 
 CRUR^US, Cruralis. 
 
 CRURAL, Crura'lis, from crus, cruris, ' the 
 
CRURAL ARCH 
 
 261 
 
 CRYPTA 
 
 thigh, and lower limb.' What helongs to the 1 
 thigh or lower limb. 
 
 Crural Aech, In'guinal or Fem'oral Arch, 
 (F.) Arcade crurale ou inr/itinnle (Ch.), Pou- 
 part's Lig' anient, L. of F alio' pins. This arch is 
 formed by the internal portion of the inferior edge 
 of the aponeurosis of the obliquus externus mus- 
 cle, which is attached, at one end, to the pubis; 
 at the other, to the anterior and superior spinous 
 process of the ilium. At its posterior and inner 
 part, the aponeurosis, forming the arch, sends off 
 a falciform reflection, which is attached along the 
 crest of the pubis, and is known under the name 
 of Gimbernat's Ligament. Beneath this arch, 
 the vessels, nerves, and muscles make their exit 
 from the pelvis to the thigh. 
 
 Croral Artery, Arte'ria Crura'lis, Fem'oral 
 Artery, (F.) Artere crurale, A. Pelvi-crurale, — 
 (Ch.,) is the continuation of the external iliac. 
 It extends from the crural arch to the aperture 
 in the triceps, or to the bam. Chaussier applies 
 the name Artere crurale to the trunk, which ex- 
 tends from the primitive or common iliac to the 
 tibial arteries — embracing, of course, the external 
 iliac, femoral, and popliteal. 
 
 Crural Canal, Crural Ring, Fem'oral canal 
 or ring. M. Jules Cloquet has described this canal 
 with minuteness, and given it the name Aymeaxi 
 crural, Anneau femoral. It is nearly an inch 
 long, triangular, more spacious above than below, 
 and shorter and broader in the female than in the 
 male. Its upper oriiice is bounded, anteriorly, 
 by the crural arch ; posteriorly, by the crista of 
 the pubis ; on the outer side by the psoas and 
 iliacus muscles, covered by the iliac aponeurosis, 
 and, at the inner, by Gimbernat's ligament. This 
 orifice is covered by the peritoneum, and, accord- 
 ing to M. Cloquet, is closed by a more or less 
 resisting septum, which he has named Septum 
 crura' le, Crural septum. In its course, the crural 
 canal has its anterior parietes formed by the super- 
 ficial expansion of the fascia lata : the posterior 
 by the pectineus, covered by the deep-seated ex- 
 pansion of the fascia; and more externally by the 
 psoas and iliacus muscles, covered by an expan- 
 sion of the fascia iliaca. Its inferior orifice is 
 formed by the foramen of the fascia lata, which 
 gives passage to the vena saph^na. It is at the 
 upper orifice of this canal, that Femoral or Crural 
 Hernia, Hernie inguinale of Chaussier, occurs : 
 ■which would be more common, were it not for 
 the fibrous cellular septum there situate. 
 
 Crural Nerve proceeds from the lumbar 
 plexus, and is situate at the outer side of the 
 psoas muscle and crural artery. After it has 
 passed under the crural arch, it divides into 
 cutaneous and muscular branches. One of the 
 branches, which is larger than the rest, is called 
 the Saphce'na nerve. It gives off filaments to the 
 integuments of the knee, to the inner part of the 
 leg, and to the dorsal surface of the foot. The 
 remainder of the branches of the crural are dis- 
 tributed to the anterior and inner part of the 
 thigh. The Ac'eessory of the Crural Nerrie is a 
 term given to the 4th and 5th pairs of lumbar 
 nerves. 
 
 Crural Plexus of Chaussier is the union of 
 the anterior branches of the last four pairs of 
 lumbar iierves, and the first four sacral; forming 
 the lumbar and sacral plexuses of most anato- 
 mists. 
 
 Crural Ring, Crural canal — e. Septum, see 
 Crural canal. 
 
 Chural Vein, Fem'oral Vein, has the same 
 
 arrangement as the artery. It receives only one 
 
 great branch, the saph^na. 
 
 CRURAL, Triceps cruris. 
 
 Crura'lis, Crurcz'us. A part of the Triceps 
 
 crural of the French, or of the Trifemororotitlien 
 
 of Chaussier. The cruralis is situate at the ante- 
 rior, outer, and inner part of the thigh. It arises, 
 fleshy, from between the two trochanters, adheres 
 firmly to most of the fore part of the os feraoris, 
 and is inserted, tendinous, into the upper part of 
 the patella, behind the rectus. Its use is to assist 
 the vasti and rectus in the extension of the leg. 
 Under J/uscZe Triceps Crural, the French describe 
 the cruralis and the two vasti. Some small mus- 
 cular slips, sometimes found under the crurseus 
 muscle, and inserted into the capsular ligament 
 of the knee-joint, have been called Suh-crurce'i. 
 CRURIS RADIUS, Fibula. 
 CRUS, Leg, Thigh— c. Fornicis, see Fornix. 
 CRUST, Eschar— c. Milk, Porrigo larvalis. 
 CRUSTA. A crust or scab. (F.) Croute. An 
 assemblage of small flakes, formed by the drying 
 up of a fluid secreted by the skin. 
 
 The lining membrane of the stomach and in- 
 testines has been called Crusta villo'sa. 
 
 Crusta Adamantina Dentiuii, Enamel of the 
 teeth. 
 
 Crusta Genu Equi'njr, Hippogoni/ol'epus, 
 Sweat or Knee Scab, Hlock or Encircled Hoof 
 Knees, Hangers, Dew Claws, Night Eyes, Horse 
 Crust. This morbid secretion from the horse has 
 been advised in cases of epilepsy. It is used in 
 the form of powder (gr. ij to gr. xx), and of 
 tincture. 
 
 Crusta Inflammatoria, Corinm phlogisticum 
 — c. Lactea, Porrigo larvalis, P. lupinosa — c. 
 Membranacea, Peristroma — c. Petrosa, see Tooth 
 — c. Phlogistica, Corium phlogisticum — c. Pleure- 
 tiea, Corium phlogisticum — e. Pruriginosa, Gutta 
 rosea — c. Serpiginosa, Gutta rosea — c. Yermicu- 
 laris, Peristroma — c. Yillosa linguae, see Tongue 
 — c. Yillosa ventriculi, see Stomach. 
 
 CRUSTACM, (F.) Aliberthas substituted this 
 word, in his Nosology, for crouteux, ' crusty.' 
 Having crusts or scabs ; as Dartre crustacee. 
 
 CRUS'TULA. Diminutive of Crusta. A 
 small shell or scab. An ecchymosis of the con- 
 junctiva. 
 
 CRUSTUMI'NATUM. A rob, prepared from 
 the Pyra Crustunti'na or Crusturneri'na, (so called 
 from Crustuminum, a town in Italy, where they 
 grew,) boiled with honey or in rain-water. — 
 Aetius. 
 
 CRUT, Nanus. 
 
 CRUX CERYI. An ancient appellation for 
 the bone in the heart of the stag. It was once 
 considered useful in diseases of the heart. 
 
 CRY, Clamor, Boe, (F.) Cri. The sound of 
 the unarticulated voice. The native voice, which 
 the idiot and deaf possess equally with the man 
 of genius and hearing. The cry of the new-born 
 child has been called Vagi'tus, (F.) Vagissement. 
 We say, ''A cry of joy, of 2}leasure, of piain," 
 &c., according to the expression which it may 
 convey to the hearer. 
 
 CRYING, Parturition. 
 
 CRYING- OUT, Parturition. 
 
 CRYMO'DES, from Kpvjioq, 'cold.' A conti- 
 nued fever, Febris crymo'des, in which the inter- 
 nal parts feel hot, and the external cold; and 
 which was attributed to an erysipelatous inflam- 
 mation of the lungs. — Aetius, Gorrseus. 
 
 CRYMODYN'IA, from k^vjios, 'cold,' and oivvi], 
 'pain.' Chronic rheumatism, and all its modifi- 
 cations. — Baumes. 
 
 CRYMO'SIS, from *:pfioj, 'cold.' Diseases 
 caused by the action of cold.— Baumes. 
 
 CRYPSOR'CHIS, from KpvTTTO), 'I conceal,' 
 and op^is, 'a testicle.' Cryptor'chis, Testicon'dus. 
 One in whom the testes have not descended into 
 the scrotum. The state is called, Cryptorchidis'- 
 mus, Parorchid'ium. 
 
 CRYPTA, from Kpvnrog, 'concealed.' Follic'- 
 uloae gland, Lacu'na, Follic'ulus, (F.) Crypte. 
 
CRYPT E 
 
 262 
 
 CUBITO-CARPIEN 
 
 Follicule. A crypt or follicle is a small, round- 
 ish, hollow body, situate in the substance of the 
 skin , or mucous membranes — Crypta mnco'sn, 
 Follic'idus wuco'sus — and constantly pouring the 
 fluid, which it secretes, on their surfaces. 
 
 The use of the cryptal or follicular secretion, 
 is to keep the parts on which it is poured supple 
 and moist, and to preserve them from the action 
 of irritating bodies with which they have to come 
 in contact. 
 
 The little rounded appearances at the ends of 
 the small arteries, in the cortical substance of the 
 kidney, ftre also called CryptcB. 
 Crypta Mucosa, see Crypta. 
 CrypTjE Lieberkuhnianje, Lieberkiihn's 
 glands — c. Sebaceas, Sebaceous glands. 
 CRYPTE, Crypta. 
 
 CRYPTOCEPH'ALUS, from k^vt^to?, 'con- 
 cealed,' and K£ipu)ir}, 'head.' A monster whose 
 head is excessively small, and does not appear 
 externally.- — G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 CRYPTOCOCCUS, Fermentum, Torula cere- 
 visiae — c. Cerevisite, Torula eerevisias. 
 
 CRYPTODID'YMUS, Fcetus in foetu. A mon- 
 strosity, in which one foetus is found contained 
 in another. 
 
 CRYPTOG'AMOUS, Cryptogam' ic, Crypto- 
 gam'icus; from Kpv-KToi, ' Qoneealed,' and yafioi, 
 'marriage.' An epitiiet applied by botanists to 
 plants whose organs of fructification are concealed 
 or not manifest. Ag'amous plants are those whose 
 sexual oro'ans are not known. 
 
 CRYPTOPY'IC, Cryptopy'icus, from /cpunru, 
 'I conceal,' and tuov, 'pus.' A state of disease, 
 kept up by an occult abscess. 
 CRYPTOPYICUS, Cryptopyie. 
 CRYPTORCHIDISMUS, see Crypsorchis. 
 CRYPTORCHIS, Crypsorchis. 
 CRYPTS OP LIEBERKtJHN, see Intestine 
 — c. Synovial, Bursas mucosae. 
 
 CRYSTAL, MINERAL, Potass* nitras fusus 
 sulphatis paucillo mixtus. 
 
 CRYSTAL'LL Vesicles filled with a watery 
 fluid. They are also called crystal'liiia. Pro- 
 bably the pemphigus of modern writers. 
 Crystalli Lun.e, Argenti nitras. 
 CRYSTALLIN, Crystalline. 
 CRYSTAL'LINA, from icpuaraXAos, 'crystal.' 
 A vesicle or phlycttena, filled with serum, and 
 appearing on the prepuce or in the vicinity of the 
 anus, surrounded by a reddish extravasated aure- 
 ola. It may be syphilitic or not. See Crystalli. 
 Crystallina Tunica, Arachnoid membrane. 
 CRYS'TALLINE, Crystal' linus. Having the 
 appearance of crystal. 
 
 Crys'talliste, Orys'talline humour or Lens or 
 Body, Cryatal'linus, Lens crystal'linn seu crystal- 
 loVdes, Corpus Crystal'Unum seu DiscoVdes seu 
 Crystallo'i'des seu Phaco'i'dcs, Humor crystal' linus 
 seu glacia'lis, Phace, Phacea, Phaous, Gemma Oc'- 
 uli, (F.) Oriatallin ou Crystallin, Humeur crystal- 
 line, Cori^s crystallin se\i2'>haco'ide, Lentille crystal- 
 line. A lenticular, transparent body, situate be- 
 tween the vitreous and aqueous humours of the 
 eyc>, at the union of the anterior third with the two 
 posterior thirds of the organ. It is composed of a 
 soft exterior substance ; and an interior, composed 
 of an albuminoid substance, called Crys'talline 
 or Krys'talline by HUnefeld, (F.) Crystalline, 
 forming a solid nucleus, in which a number of 
 elliptical layers is perceptible. It is contained 
 in a capsule, called Tu'nica ara'nea seu erystal'- 
 lina, Cap'sula lentis, and receives, at its posterior 
 surface, a small branch of the central artery of 
 the retina, which is always readily distinguish- 
 able in the foetus, prior to the seventh month of 
 utero-gestation. 
 
 The use of the crystalline is to refract the rays 
 of light, and to serve as an achromatic glass : for 
 
 which its laminae or layers, increasing in refrac- 
 tive power from the circumference to the centre, 
 admirably adapt it. 
 
 CRYSTALLINO-CAPSULITIS, see Phacitis. 
 
 CRYSTALLION, Plantago psyllium. 
 
 CRYSTALLITIS, Phacitis. 
 
 CRYS'TALLOID, Crystalloi'des, from KpxiaTol- 
 \o?, 'crystal,' and ti&oi, 'form,' 'resemblance.' 
 Resembling crystal or the crystalline. The cajy- 
 sule or membrane of the crystalline. Also, the 
 crystalline itself. 
 
 CRYSTALLUS MINERALIS, PotasssB nitras 
 fusus sulphatis paucillo mixtus. 
 
 CRYSTALS, BLOOD, H^matoidin. 
 
 CJiYSTAUX D'HEMATINE, Hajmatoidin. 
 
 CRYTHE, Hordeolum. 
 
 CTEDON, Fibre. 
 
 CTEIS. Pubes. 
 
 CTESIPHON'TIS MALAG'MA. A plaster 
 employed and described by Celsus. 
 
 CUBA, see Havana. 
 
 CUBAL SINI, Piper cubeba. 
 
 CUBATIO, Decubitus. 
 
 CUBEBA, Piper Cubeba. 
 
 CUBIFORMIS, Cuboid. 
 
 CUBIT, Ulna— c. Top of the, Olecranon. 
 
 CU'BITAL, Cubita'lis, Ulnar, Ulna'ris. Con- 
 nected with or relating to the cubitus, or to the 
 inner and posterior part of the forearm. 
 
 Cubital Artery, Arte'ria cubita'lis, A. ulna'- 
 ris, arises from the humeral a little below the 
 bend of the elbow ; proceeds along the anterior 
 and inner part of the forearm; passes anterior to 
 the ligamentum annulare of the carpus, and goes 
 to form, in the palm of the hand, the superficial 
 palmar arch. Besides the numerous muscular 
 branches, which it gives off in its course, it sends 
 posteriorly the common trunk of the interosseous 
 arteries, and internally, the two cubital recur- 
 rents, anterior and posterior, — articular branches, 
 which anastomose on the inside of the elbow with 
 the divisions of the humeral artery. 
 
 Cubital Muscles are two in number. 1. The 
 Cubita'lis ante'rior seu inter'nus. Flexor oar2n 
 tilna'j-is, Ulna'ris inter'mis, Fpitrochlo-eubito-car- 
 pien, Cuhito-carpien — (Ch.), is a long muscle, 
 situate at the anterior and inner part of the fore- 
 arm. It arises from the inner condyle of the os 
 humeri, at the inner side of the olecranon, and 
 from the posterior edge of the ulna, and is in- 
 serted by a tendon into the os pisiforme. Its 
 use is to bend the hand on the forearm, by di- 
 recting it slightly inwards. 2. The Cubitalis 
 poste'rior seu exter'nus, Exten'sor Carpi ulna'ris, 
 Ulna'ris exter'nus, Cubite'us exter'nus, Cuhito-sus- 
 metacarpien — (Ch.), is situate at the posterior 
 part of the forearm. It arises from the external 
 condyle of the os humeri, and is inserted into the 
 superior extremity of the fifth bone of the meta- 
 carpus. Its use is to extend the hand, inclining 
 it a little inwards. 
 
 Cubital Nerve, Ulnar nerve, Cuhito-digital — 
 (Ch.), is furnished by the last two or three nerves 
 of the brachial plexus, and is distributed to the 
 inner and anterior side of the forearm; to the 
 inner part of the palm and of the back of the 
 hand, and to the last two or three fingers. 
 
 Cubital Veins, deep-seated, and the Recur- 
 rent cubital veins, accompany the corresponding 
 arteries. The superficial cubital veins belong to 
 the basilic. Chaussier calls them euta'neous cubital. 
 CUBITALE (OS), Cuneiform bone. 
 CUBITALIS RIOLANL see Anconeus. 
 CUBITEUS EXTERNUS, see Cubital muscles. 
 CUBITO-CARPIEN, see Cubital muscles— c. 
 Cutane (nerf), Cutaneous nerve — c. Phalanget~ 
 iien commun. Flexor profundus perforans — c. 
 Radi-sus-metacarpien du pouce. Abductor longus 
 pollicis — c. Radial, Pronator radii quadratus. 
 
CUBITO-SUPRAPALMARIS 263 
 
 CULBICIO 
 
 C U B I T - SUPRAPALMA'RIS. Belonging 
 to the cubitus and to the supra-palmar or dorsal 
 surface of the hand. Chaussier gives this name : 
 1. To a small artery, which is given off by the 
 cubital or ulnar, a little above the v?rist. 2. To 
 a vein, which accompanies this artery. 
 
 CUBITO-SUS-METACARPIEN, see Cubital 
 muscles — c. Sus-metacarjjien dii ponce, Abductor 
 longus poUicis — c. Sus-Phalangetfien de I'index, 
 Extensor proprius indicis — c. Sus-phalangettien 
 da police, E. longus pollicis — c. Susphalangien 
 du police, E. pollicis brevis. 
 
 CU'BITUS, Kvl^iTov, Cy'biton. The Elhow. 
 Also, one of the bones of the forearm. See Ulna, 
 and Forearm. 
 
 Cubitus, (F.) Coudee, the ancient name of a 
 measure 18 inches long. 
 
 Cubitus CosTiE, see Costa — c. Supinus, see 
 Decubitus. , 
 
 CU'BOID, Cuhoi'des, Cuhoi'deus, Citbo'des, 
 Cuhifor'mis, Cyho'i'des, Cyrtoi'des, Grandino' sum 
 08, Tes'sara, Te-tsera os, Os va'rium, from Kv^og, 
 'a cube,' and £i6of, 'form.' Having the form of 
 a cube. This name was given by Galen to one 
 of the bones of the tarsus, and is still retained. 
 It is situate at the anterior and outer part of the 
 tarsus ; and is articulated, behind, with the cal- 
 caneum; before, with the last two metatarsal 
 bones, and tvtthin, with the third os cuneiforme, 
 and sometimes with the scaphoides. Its inferior 
 surface has an oblique groove for the tendon of 
 the peroneiis longus. 
 
 CUCKOLD, Arctium lappa. 
 
 CUCKOO FLOWER, Cardamine pratensis. 
 
 CUCKOW BREAD, Oxalis acetosella. 
 
 CUCKOW PINT, Arum maculatum. 
 
 CUCU'BALUS BBHEN, Behen offichia'rum 
 seu viil.ga'ris, Sile'ne infla'ta seu erasiifo'lia seu 
 Tho'rei, Visca'go behen. This plant was once 
 considered alexipharmio and cordial. It is the 
 Spatliiig Pojjpy. 
 
 CUCULLARIS, Trapezius. 
 
 CUCULA'TUM MAJUS. A barbarous term, 
 used by Ruland, for brandy and spirit of wine. 
 
 CUCULLATA, Sanicula, 
 
 CUCULLUS, Coiivrechef, Cucupha, Infundi- 
 bulum of the cochlea. 
 
 CUCULUS, Coccyx, Pertussis. 
 
 CUCUMBER, Cueumis sativus — c. Asses, Mo- 
 mordica elaterium — c. Indian, Medeola Virginica 
 — c. Squirting or wild, Momordica elaterium — e. 
 Star, one-seeded, Syoios angulatus — c. Tree, Mag- 
 nolia acuminata. 
 
 CUCUMER, Cueumis sativus. 
 
 CUCUMIS, Penis — c. Agrestis, Momordica 
 elaterium. 
 
 Cu'cuMlS Coloctx'this, Citrul'lus Colocynthis. 
 Officinal names of the Colocynth or Bitter Apple, 
 Colocyn'this, Coloquint'ida, Alhaii'dal (Arab.), 
 Bitter Gourd, Bitter Cucumber, (F.) Coloquinte. 
 Ord. Cucurbitaceas. Sex. Syst. Monoecia Mona- 
 delphia. A Turkey and Cape of Good Hope 
 plant. The spongy part or medulla of the fruit, 
 Coloeyn'thidis seu Cacu'meris Colocyn'thidis 
 Pidpa, Colocynthis (Ph. U. S.). has a bitter, nau- 
 seous, and acrimonious taste, and is a strong 
 cathartic, acting chiefly on the upper part of the 
 intestines. It is scarcely ever used, except in 
 combination. 
 
 Cucujiis Melo. The systematic name of the 
 Melon Plant, Mela, Common 3Ielon, (F.) Melon. 
 The fruit is an agreeable article of diet, but not 
 very digestible, unless when ripe. The seeds 
 possess mucilaginous properties. 
 
 CucuMis Sati'vus. The systematic name of 
 the Cu' cumber plant, Cueumis, Angoii'rion, Citre'- 
 olus, Ou'ciimer or Car'vimer, from its curved 
 shape. (F.) Concombre ordinaire. The cueum- 
 ber. cowcumber, is used, when young, as a pickle, 
 
 when it is called a Gherkin, (F.) Cornichon. It 
 is not a fruit easy of digestion. The seeds are 
 mucilaginous. 
 
 An ointment of green cucumbers — cucumber 
 ointment — is used as a cooling salve. It is made 
 by combining, by means of heat, the juice of 
 green cucumbers with lord and vecil suet. 
 
 CucuMis Sylvestris, Momordica elaterium. 
 
 CU'CUPHA, Cu'cuUus, Pi'leus, Sac'culus ce- 
 phal'icus. A sort of coif or cap, with a double 
 bottom, between which is enclosed a mixture of 
 aromatic powders, having cotton for an excipient. 
 It was formerly used as a powerful cephalic. 
 
 CUCUR'BITA, a curvitate, owing to its shape. 
 A gourd. (F.) Citrouille. See Cupping-glass. 
 
 Cucurbita Anguria, C. citrullus. 
 
 Cucur'bita Citrul'lus, C. Angu'ria seu pin- 
 natif'ida. The systematic name of the Water- 
 melon plant; Citrul'lus, Angu'ria, Tctrangu' ria, 
 Sicilian Citrul, Water-melon. Ord. Cucurbi- 
 taceae; Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia. (F.) 
 3[elon d'eau, Pasteque. The juice of the fruit is 
 very abundant, whence its name. The Water- 
 melon is extremely refreshing and agreeable, when 
 made cool, and is eaten like the common melon. 
 It is very much used in the United Stateu. 
 
 Cucurbita Leucantha, C. lagenaria. 
 
 Cucur'bita Pepo, Pejyo. The systematic name 
 of the Common Pomption or Pumpkin, Cucur'bita. 
 The seeds of this plant, as well as those of Cu- 
 cur'bita lagena'ria. Bottle-gourd, contain a large 
 proportion of oil, capable of forming emulsions. 
 They have been recommended in cases of tape- 
 worm, in the dose of f^ss. The fixed oil of the 
 seeds has been given, with success, in the same 
 cases, in the dose of half a fluid ounce. 
 
 Both the fruit of Cucur'bita Lagena'ria, 0. 
 leucan'tha, Pepo lagena' rius, (F.) Calehasses, and 
 that of Cucur'bita Pepo, Pepo vulga'ris, (F.) 
 Potiron, Courge, are eaten. 
 
 Cucurbita Pinnatifida, C. eitrulluj. 
 
 CUCURBITAIN, Cucurbitinus. 
 
 CUCURBITATIO, Cupping. 
 
 CUCURBITS, see Alembic. 
 
 CUCURBITI'NUS, (F.) Cucurbuin. This 
 name was formerly given to the Tasnia solium, 
 because composed of rings which resemble the 
 seeds of the gourd, — cucurbita. The ancients 
 believed, that the rings, which are sometimes 
 discharged, were yo many separate worms. See 
 Trenia. 
 
 CUCURBITULA, Cupping-glass. 
 
 CucuRBiTULji Cruentte, Cupping with the sca- 
 rificator — c. cum Ferro, Cupping with the scari- 
 ficator — c. SiccEe, Cupping, dry. 
 
 CUDWEED, Antennaria plantaginifolia, dna- 
 phalium margaritaceum. 
 
 CUILLEREE, Cochleare. 
 
 CUIR, Cerium — c. Chevelu, Scalp. 
 
 CUISSART. A wooden leg. See Cornu am- 
 monis. 
 
 CUISSE, Thigh, Crus — c. Posterieure du cer- 
 velet, Corpus restiforme. 
 
 CUISSON (F.). A smarting, burning pain. 
 
 CUIVRE, Cuprum — c. Ammoniacal, Cuprum 
 ammoniatum — c. et Ammoniaque, sulfate de, Cu- 
 prum ammoniatum — c. Limaill.es de, see Cuprum 
 — c. Sous-acetate de, Cupri subacetas — c. Sulfate 
 de, Cupri sulphas. 
 
 CUIVREUX (F.), Copper-coloured. A tint of 
 complexion, (F.) Teint cuivreux, such as is ob- 
 served in cancerous affections. Syphilitic ulcers 
 of the throat, &c., are often copper-coloured. 
 
 CUJETE, Crescentia cujete. 
 
 CULBICIO. A Latin word, employed by 
 old writers as synonymous with ardor urinas and 
 gonorrhcea. 
 
C TJLB UTE 
 
 264 
 
 CUP 
 
 GULBUTE (F.). 'A tumble head-over-heels.' 
 A movement which the foetus has been supposed 
 to execute at the end of the 7th month of utero- 
 gestation; and by means of which, it was pre- 
 sumed, the head presented towards the orifice of 
 the uterus ,• a change of situation which is im- 
 practicable in ordinary circumstances. 
 
 CULCITA SALINA, Halotyle. 
 
 CULEON, Anus. 
 
 CU'LEUS. A measure containing 20 barrels, 
 or 40 urns, equal to 180 gallons. — Pliny, Gor- 
 rseus. 
 
 CULEX, (P.) Cousin. A genus of insects, un- 
 happily too well known in almost every part of 
 the world, on account of their bites, which give 
 rise to painful, local inflammation. The gnats 
 and musquitoes belong to this genus. 
 
 CULI PLOS, Cardamine pratensis. 
 
 CULILAWAN, see Laurus culilawan. 
 
 CU'LINARY ART, from culina, 'a kitchen.' 
 Cookery, lies cnliiia'ria seu coqua'ria, Ars culi- 
 na'ria seu coquina'ria, 3fagei'rice. The art of 
 preparing meats for the table. In judging of the 
 dietetic properties of various kinds of aliment, 
 the culinary process to which they have been 
 subjected will always have to be considered. 
 Many of the writers on the culinary art have 
 been physicians. 
 
 CULLITLAWAN, see Laurus culilawan. 
 
 CULMINATIO, Acme. 
 
 CULTELLAIRE (P.), from cultellm, a 'little 
 knife.' Le cautere cultellaire, known also under 
 the name Couteaa de feu, Eire-knife, is used for 
 what the French term the Cautere transcurrente. 
 (See Cauterization.) It is shaped like a small 
 hatchet. 
 
 CULTELLUS, Culter, Knife— c. Anceps, Knife, 
 double-edged — c. Uncus, Knife, crotchet. 
 
 CULTEK, Cultel'lus, from colo, cultum, 'I cul- 
 tivate.' A coulter, a knife, scalpel, macJia'ra, 
 machm' rion, macho'.'ris. Also, the third lobe of 
 the liver, so called from some fancied resemblance. 
 — Theophilus Protospatarius. 
 
 Culter Curvus, Knife, crooked — c. Falcatus, 
 Knife, crooked — c. Lenticularis, Knife, lenticular 
 — c. Rectus, Knife, amputation — c. Tonsorius, 
 Razor. 
 
 CULTRIV'OROUS, Cultriv'orv.s, from culter, 
 'a knife,' and vorare, 'to devour.' Individuals, 
 who have seemed to swallow knives with impu- 
 nity, have been so called; — Knife-eaters. 
 
 CULUS, Anus. 
 
 CULVER'S PHYSIC, Leptandra Virginica. 
 
 CULVER'S ROOT, Leptandra purpurea. 
 
 CUMAMUS, Piper cubeba. 
 
 CUMIN, Cuminum cyminum — c. Eaxix, Ni- 
 gella — c. des Pres, Carum. 
 
 CUMI'NUM CYMPNUM. The systematic 
 name of the Cummin or Cumin plant, Cnini'num 
 minu'tum seu Rorna'num, Cymi'num, Cumi'num, 
 Carnuha' dium. Ord. Umbelliferae. Sex. Sijst. 
 Pentandria Digynia. (P.) Cumin, Anis aigre. 
 The seeds of cummin, which is a native of Egypt, 
 have a warm, bitterish, disagreeable taste. Water 
 extracts their odour, and spirit takes up both 
 odour and taste. They are not used, except in a 
 plaster, whii;h bears their name. When drunk in 
 wine, the aficients believed they produced pale- 
 ness ; hence, Horace called cummin exsangue ; 
 and Juvenal, pallens. — Diosc;>rides, Pliny. 
 
 Cdminum Minutum, C. cyminum — c. Nigrum, 
 Nigella — e. Pratense, Carum — c. Romanum, C. 
 cyminum. 
 
 CUMMIN, Cuminum cyminum. 
 
 CU'MULUS, 'a heap or pile.' A rounded pro- 
 minence, in the centre of the proligerous disk, in 
 which there is a small opake cavity that contains 
 the ovum. See Tache embryoniiaire. 
 
 CuMULCS, Geuminal, Tache emhryonnaire — c. 
 
 Germinativus, Tache emhryonnaire — c. Prolige- 
 rus, Tache emhryonnaire. 
 
 CUNEA'LIS SUTURA,from cuneus, 'awedge.' 
 The suture formed between the great and little 
 ala! of the sphenoid bone and the os frontis. — 
 Blasius. 
 
 CUNEEN (P.), Cunea'nus. Relating to the 
 cuneiform bones. 
 
 Articulations Cuneennes ; — the joints between 
 the cuneiform bones, as well as between them 
 and other parts. 
 
 Ligaments Cuneennes ; — the ligaments which 
 hold the cuneiform bones together. 
 
 CU'NEIFORM, Cuneifor'mis, Sphenoi'des, 
 from cuneus, ' a wedge,' and forma, ' shape.' 
 Wedge-fhapied. This name has been given to 
 several bones. 1. To the sphenoid. 2. To a 
 bone of the carpus, situate between the os lunare 
 and os orbiculare. It is, also, called Ch Pyrami- 
 da'le, Os Triq'uetrum, and Os Cuhita'le. 3. To 
 the basilary process of the occipital bone : and, 
 4. To three of the bones of the tarsus, which are 
 distinguished, according to situation, reckoning 
 from within outwards, into first, second, and third, 
 — or internal, middle, and external: and accord- 
 ing to size, reckoning in the same order, into 
 great, small, and middle-sized. The posterior 
 surface of these bones is united to the anterior 
 face of the scaphoides ; the anterior surface with 
 the corresponding metatarsal bones ; and, in ad- 
 dition, the external surface of the third is articu- 
 lated, behind, with the cuboides. They are also 
 called Chalco'idea ossa seu ossic'ula. ■ 
 
 Cuneiform Caetilages op the Larynx, Car- 
 tilages of Wrisberg, are two small cylinders of 
 fibro-cartilage, about seven lines in length, and 
 enlarged at each extremity. By the base, the 
 cartilage is attached to the middle of the exter- 
 nal surface of the arytenoid ; and its upper ex- 
 tremity forms a prominence on the border of the 
 aryteno-epiglottidean fold of membrane. They 
 are sometimes wanting. 
 
 CUNEO. In composition, appertaining, or re- 
 lating, to the cuneiform bones. 
 
 Ch'neo-Cu'boid, Cuneo-cuho'ideus. Belonging 
 to the cuneiform bones and cuboides. 
 
 CuNEo-CuBoiD Articula'tion is formed by the 
 third cuneiform bone and cuboides. It is fur- 
 nished with a synovial capsule, and two cuneo- 
 cuboid ligaments : — a dorsal and a plantar. 
 
 CU'NEO-SCA'PHOID, Cuneo-sca2>hot'des. Be- 
 longing to the cuneiform bones and scaphoid. 
 
 Cuneo-Scaphoid Articula'tion is formed by 
 the posterior surfaces of the three ossa cuneifor- 
 mia, and the anterior surface of the scaphoid. It 
 is furnished with a synovial capsule and liga- 
 ments, some of which are dorsal, others plantar. 
 
 CUNILA, Satureia capitata — c. Bubula, Ori- 
 ganum. 
 
 Cuni'lA MaeIA'nA, Saturei'a origanoVde.s, Ca- 
 lamin'tha erec'ta Virginia' na, Ditt'any, American 
 or Ifountain Dittany, Mint-leaved or Maryland 
 Cunila, Stonemint, Wild Basil, Sweet Horsemint, 
 (P.) Cunile d'Amerique. A small indigenous 
 herb. Order, Labiatse, growing on dry, shady 
 hills, from New England to Georgia, and flower- 
 ing in June and July. Its medical properties 
 are dependent upon essential oils, like the mints. 
 
 Cunila, Maryland, Cunila mariana — c. Mint- 
 leaved, C. mariana — c. Muscula, Inula dysente- 
 rica — c. Pulegioides, Hedeoma pulegioides — c. 
 Sativa, Satureia hortensis. 
 
 CUNILAGO, Inula dysenterica. 
 
 CUNILE D'AM^EIQ UE, Cunila mariana. 
 
 CUNNUS, Vulva. 
 
 CUP, (Sax.) copp, Scutel'la, Catil'lus, Patel'la, 
 Excip'nla, (P.) Palette, Poelette, PoUelte, Vase d 
 saigner. A small vessel of a determinate size, 
 
CUPAMENI 
 
 265 
 
 CURA 
 
 for receiving the blood during venesection. It 
 generally contains about four ounces. A bleed- 
 ing of two cups is, consequently, one of eight 
 ounces. 
 
 CUPAMENI, Acalypha Indica. 
 CUPID ITAS, Voluntas — c. Desedendi, Vo- 
 luntas desedendi. 
 
 CUPIDO, Appetite. Also, Cupid, the god of 
 love, in ancient mythology ; — Dens coj^ulatio'nis. 
 CUPOLA, see Infundibulum of the cochlea. 
 CUPPED, see Corium phlogisticum. 
 CUPPING, Catacusm'iw, from (F.) couper, 'to 
 cut;' or to draw blood in vessels resembling cups; 
 Ap2)lica'tio cucurbita'rum seu cucurhitula'ruin, 
 Ciicurhita'tio. A species of blood-letting, per- 
 formed by a scarificator, and glass, called a cup- 
 ping-ylass, Cucurbit' ula , Cucurb'ita, Sic'ua, (Old 
 Engl.) Bleeding-boist, (F.) Ventome. The lan- 
 cets are placed in such a manner in the scari- 
 ficator, that, when it is applied upon the affected 
 part, the whole are, by means of a spring, pushed 
 suddenly into it. After scarification, the cup- 
 ping-glass, which has been previously exhausted 
 by heat, or by an exhausting syringe, is applied. 
 The pressure of the air within the glass being 
 thus diminished, the necessary quantity of blood 
 may be drawn. See Bdellometer. Dry cupjjing, 
 Cucurbit'ulm sicccs, is the application of the 
 glasses, without previous scarification ; (F.) Ven- 
 touses secJies. It is used to prevent the activity 
 of absorption from any wounded part: occasion- 
 ally, to excite suppuration in indolent abscesses; 
 and to remove the pus when an abscess is opened. 
 Cupping, without any epithet, means the abstrac- 
 tion of blood by means of the scarificator and 
 cups: — (F.) Ventouses scarifiees, (L.) Cucurhi- 
 tulce cruentm, C. cum Ferro, wet eupjjing. The 
 verb ' to cup,' signifies to draw blood by cupping. 
 CUP-PLANT, Silphium perfoliatum. 
 CUPRESSUS, Kvizapicrcroi, C. sempervirens — -c. 
 Arbor vitse. Thuya occidentalis — c. Disticha, 
 Taxodium distichum. 
 
 CuPRESs'us Semperyi'rens, C. pyramidu'lis. 
 The systematic name of the Cupres'sns, Ci/]xiris'- 
 Bus, Cypress, (F.) Cypres. Nat. Orel. Coniferas. 
 The berries, leaves, and wood, have been con- 
 sidered astringent and useful in intermitteuts. 
 The whole plant abounds with a bitter, aromatic, 
 and terebinthinate fluid. 
 
 CuPRESSUS Thyoi'des, White cedar, indigenous. 
 An infusion of the tops is said to be stomachic, 
 and, when taken warm, diaphoretic. 
 
 CUPRI AMMONIO-SULPHAS, Cuprum am- 
 moniatum — c. et Ammonise sulphas. Cuprum am- 
 moniatum — e. Diacetas, C. subacetas. 
 
 CuPRI LimATU'rA, Filings of Copper, (F.) 
 Limailles de Cuivre, have been used in hydro- 
 phobia. It has been remarked under Cuprum, 
 that they are inert. 
 
 CuPRi Rdbigo, Cupri subacetas. 
 CuPRi Sdbace'tas, C. Diace'tas seu Ruhi'go, 
 jSSru'go, Ver'digris, Hispan'icwn vir'ide, Prasi'- 
 num viride, Crystals of Venus, Vir'ide jE'ris. 
 JEru'ca, Cal'cithos, Subac"etate of Copper, (F.) 
 Sous-acetate de Cuivre, Vert-de-gris, Crystanx de 
 Venus, Verdet. Impure subacetate of copper. 
 This, as usually met with, is in masses, difficult 
 to break ; not deliquescent ; foliaceous ; of a fine 
 bluish-green colour, and salt taste. It is tonic, 
 emetic, escharotie, and detergent; but scarcely 
 ever employed internally. Chiefly used in de- 
 tergent ointments. Dose, as a tonic, under 
 i gr. : emetic, from gr. j to gr. ij. Powdered 
 verdigris appears to be the active ingredient in 
 Smellome's Eye-salve, which may be imitated by 
 rubbing half a drachm of finely-powdered verdi- 
 gris with a little oil, and then mixing it with an 
 ounce of yellow basilicon. 
 
 An ointment composed of one drachm of finely- 
 
 powdered verdigris, with an ounce of lard or sper- 
 maceti ointment, is used in psoriasis, tetter, &c. 
 
 CuPRi Sulphas, Vitriolam Gupjri seu Veh'eris 
 seu Cyp'rium seu Cyp'rinum seu CcBru'leum sea 
 Roma'num, Cuprum Vitriola'tum, Lapis Cceru'- 
 leus. Sulphate of Copper, Blue Stone, Blue Vitriol, 
 Roman Vitriol, Mortooth, (F.) Sulfate de Cuivre, 
 is in rhomboidal, rich, blue, semi-transparent, 
 efiiorescing crj'stals. The taste is harsh, styptic, 
 and corrosive. It is soluble in four parts of water 
 at 60°, and is tonic, emetic, astringent, and es- 
 charotie. As a tonic, it has been used in epi- 
 lepsy, intermittents, <fec. Dose, as a tonic, gr. 
 g: to gr. ij, in pill ; as an emetic, gr. ij to x, in 
 water. A very weak solution is sometimes used 
 in ophthalmia and in gleet ; and it forms the 
 basis of Bates's Aqua cainpjhora'ta, which has 
 been recommended, diluted with sixteen parts of 
 water, in the purulent ophthalmia of children. 
 
 CupRi Sulphas Ammoniacalis, Cuprum am- 
 moniatum — c. Vitriolum, Cupri sulphas. 
 
 CUPRUM, Chalcos, ^s, Venus of the Alchy- 
 mists : Copper, Cypi'rium, Vir'ide monta'num, (F.) 
 Cuivre. Its odour is peculiar and sensible when 
 rubbed; taste disagreeable and metallic; colour 
 red yellow. S. g. 7.87; ductile; very malleable; 
 less hard than iron ; easily oxidized. In its me- 
 tallic state, it exerts no action on the system. 
 When swallowed, it undergoes no deleterious 
 change. Copper cannot be dissolved whilst tin is 
 in the mixture, and hence the utility of tinning 
 copper vessels. Copper culinary vessels are harm- 
 less under ordinary cleanliness, provided the sub- 
 stances be not suffered to remain in them till 
 eold. The salts of copper are very deleterious. 
 
 Cuprum Aluminatum, Lapis divinus. 
 
 Cuprum Ammonia'tum, 0. Ammoniaea'le seu 
 Ammoni' acuta seu ammoni'aco-sulphu'ricum, Am- 
 monia'ted Cop)per, Ammoni' acal Sulphate of Cop- 
 per, Ammoni ure' turn Cupri, Sal anti-e2nlep'ticua 
 of Weissman, Sulfas Cupri ammoniaca'lis seu 
 ammoni' ac(B cupra'tus seu Sulfas Cnjyri el Amvio'- 
 nicB, Subsul'fas ammo' nio-cu' piricus Deuto-Sulfaa 
 Cupri et Am.mo'm'ce, Cupri Ammo'nio-sulfas, 
 Ammo'nicB Cupro-sul2}has, Amrno'nio-sulpihate of 
 Copper, (F.) Sulfate de cuivre et d'ammoniaque, 
 Cuivre ammoniacal. [Cupri Sidph.'^is; Amnion. 
 Carb. ^vj. Rub in a glass mortar till efierves- 
 cence ceases. Wrap the ammoniated copper in 
 bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle heat. 
 Keep in a well-stopped glass bottle. — -Ph. U. S.) 
 A crystalline powder of a rich violet colour, and 
 hot, styptic taste. By exposure to air, it becomes 
 partly converted into carbonate of copper. It is 
 tonic and astringent, and has been chieflj' em- 
 ployed in epilepsy and other obstinate spasmodic 
 diseases. Dose, gr. I gradually increased to gr. 
 iv, in pill. 
 
 CuPRUjr Vitriolatum, Cupri sulphas. 
 
 CU'PULAR, Cupula' ris, (F.) Cupulaire ; from 
 cupida, 'a small cup.' Of or belonging to a cupula. 
 
 CupulAR Cau'tery, (F.) Cautere cupulaire, is 
 an iron in the shape of a cupula, formerly used to 
 cauterize the skin of the cranium in certain dis- 
 eases, as epilepsy, chronic headach, <&c. 
 
 CURA, Cura'tio, 3Ierim'na, Merim'ne. At- 
 tention to, or treatment or cure of, a disease. 
 Keuchen defines Cura, 'medicine,' and Curator, 
 'the physician.' Curatio, also, sometimes means 
 purification; as, Ade2:>s suillus ciiratiis. — Scribo- 
 nius Largus. 
 
 Cura Avena'cea. A decoction of oats and 
 succory roots, in which a little nitre and sugar 
 are dissolved. Used as a refrigerant. 
 
 Cura Derivativa, Derivation — c. Fumigatoria, 
 Thymiatechny. 
 
 Cura Magna. 'Great cure.' A term em- 
 ployed, at times, for a method of treatment pre- 
 ferable to all others. Thus ptyalism has. by 
 
CURABLE 
 
 266 
 
 CUSPARIA BARK 
 
 many, been considered the " euro magna" for 
 ?3'philis. 
 
 CuRA Medeana, Transfusion — c. Palliativa, 
 see Palliative — c. Radicalis, see Palliative — c. 
 Revulsoria, see Derivation. 
 
 CU'RABLE, Sanab'ilis, Aces'tos, Aces'mius, 
 Ids'i'mos, 3Iedieah'ili8, Bled'icable, San'able, (F.) 
 Giierissable. That which is susceptible of cure. 
 An epithet applied to both patients and diseases. 
 
 GURAGE, Polygonum hydropiper. 
 
 CURA'RE, Wourali, Woorali, Woorara, Wou- 
 rari, Wooraru, Wurali, Urari, Ural!, Ourari, 
 Voorara. A very energetic vegetable poison, 
 employed by the South American Indians to 
 poison their arrows. It is said to be obtained from 
 the bark of a species of convolvulus, called Vejuco 
 de Jilavacure, but is referred by Martius to Strych- 
 no8 Guianen'sis, and by Dr. Schomburg to S. 
 toxica'ria seu toxif'era. The juice of EcTii'tee 
 suberec'ta, another apocyanaceous plant, is said to 
 enter into its composition. Dr. Brainard thinks 
 it contains the poison of serpents as its main in- 
 gredient. 
 
 CURA'TIO, Ifede'la, Sana'tio, A'cesia, Al- 
 thex'is, Althax'is, Therapei'a, lUsia, Curation, 
 Treatment (P.) Traitement. The aggregate of 
 means employed for the cure of disease. See 
 Therapeutics. 
 
 CuRATio, Cura, Cure — e. Contrariorum per 
 Contraria, Allopathy — c. Morbi per Inediam, 
 Limntherapia. 
 
 CU'RATIVE, San'ative, San'atory, Healing, 
 Aoesoplt'ortis, Acesino' sus. Relating to the cure 
 of a disease. Curative Indications are those 
 which point out the treatment to be employed. 
 Curative Treatment, that employed in the cure of 
 disease, in opposition to preservative or prophy- 
 lactic treatm.ent. We say, also, Curative Process, 
 Curative Ifeans, &o. 
 
 CURATOR INFIRMORUM, Infirmier. 
 
 CURCAS PURGANS, Jatropha curcas. 
 
 CURCULIO, Penis. 
 
 CURCUMA ANGUSTIPOLIA, see Arrow- 
 root — c. Aromatica, Kfempferia rotunda. 
 
 Cdrcu'ma Longa, Curcu'ma, Amo'mum Onr- 
 cu'ma, Borri, Bor'riberri, Cober'ri, (Hindoostan,) 
 Crocus In'dicus, Terra 3fer'ita, Cannac'orus ra- 
 di'ce cro'ceo, Mayel'la, Kna Kaha, Cype'rus 
 In'dicus, KVTTetpog IvSiKo; of Dioscorides [?], Tur- 
 merio, (P.) Racine de Safran, Snfran des Indes, 
 Souchet des Indes. Ord. Zingiberaceae. Tur- 
 meric root— the rhizotna of curcuma longa — Cur- 
 cuma {Ph. U. S.), is brought from the East Indies; 
 but is possessed of very little, if any, medicinal 
 efficacy. It is one of the ingredients in Curry 
 Powder. 
 
 CuRCTJiMA Zedoaria, see Kaempferia rotunda, — 
 c. Zerumbet, see Kaempferia rotunda. 
 
 CURD, Curd of Milk, Lacpres'sum, (P.) CailU, 
 Lait caille. The coagulated or curdled {Coao'tus, 
 Coagula'tus, (P.) Caille ou Caillebotte,} part of 
 milk. 
 
 Curd, Alum, Coagulum aluminosum. 
 
 CURE ; from cura, ' care.' Aces'ia, A'eesis, 
 Aces'mus, Cura'tio, C. felix, Sana'tio, San'itas, 
 (P.) Guerison. A restoration to health; also, a 
 remedy ; a restorative. 
 
 CURE-ALL, Geum Virginianum, CEnothera 
 biennis. 
 
 CUREDENT, Dentiscalpium. 
 
 CURE DU RAT SIN, Grape-cure. 
 
 CURE-LANGUE, (P.) Linguce scalpium, 
 Tongue-scraper. An instrument of ivory, tor- 
 toise-shell, &c., shaped like a knife or rasp, for 
 removing the mucous coating which covers the 
 tongue after sleep, &c. " 
 
 GURE-OREILLE, Ear-pick. 
 
 CURETTE, Seoop. 
 
 CURMI, Courmi. 
 
 CURRANT, BLACK, Ribes nigrum — c. Red, 
 Ribes rubrum, 
 
 CURRANTS, see Vitis Corinthiaca. 
 
 CURRY or CURRIE POWDER. A condi- 
 ment, formed of various spices, and eaten with 
 rice, particularly in India. The following is one 
 of the forms of its preparations : Sem. coriand. 
 ^ xviii, joj'^j. nigr. ^^ij, eayen. ^j, rod. curcumce., 
 sem. cumini, aa ,^iij, sem. foenugr. ^iv : mix. 
 
 CURSUMA H^MORRHOIDALIS HERBA, 
 Ranunculus ficaria. 
 
 CURSUS, Running — c. Matricis, Leucorrhcea 
 — c. Menstruus. Menses. 
 
 CURVAMEN, Curvature. 
 
 CURVATEUR BU COCCYX, Curvator Coc- 
 cygis. 
 
 CURVATIO, Campsis. 
 
 CURVA'TOR COCCY'GIS, (P.) Curvatetir du 
 Coccyx. Sommering gives this name to a small 
 bundle of fleshy fibres, which descends on the 
 middle of the coccyx, uniting on each side with 
 the ischio-coccygei muscles. It is a part of those 
 muscles. 
 
 CUR'VATURE, Curvatu'ra, Curva'men, Fle.v- 
 u'ra, Gnamp'sis, from curvare, curvatmn, ' to 
 bend.' Cyrto'ma, (F.) Courbure. The condition 
 of a line or surface, which approximates more or 
 less to the form of an arc; as the curvatures of 
 the spine, duodenum, stomach, &c. Accidental 
 curvatures of bones are the effect of rickets, or 
 Mollifies ossium. The Greeks called the curva- 
 ture of the spine, 'ujSof, ckoXio;, and \opioi, accord- 
 ing as the deviation was backwards, laterally, or 
 forwards. 
 
 Curvature, Pott's, Vertebral disease. 
 
 CURVE OF CARUS, see Pelvis. 
 
 CURVED LINES, Lin'ecB semicircula'res ex- 
 ter'nce seu arcua'tcs, (F.) Courbes Lignes. Two 
 crooked lines or projections on the posterior sur- 
 face of the occipital bone. They are distinguished 
 into superior and inferior. Some lines on the os 
 innominatum are also so called. 
 
 CURVIMER, Cucumis sativus. 
 
 CUSCO-CINCHONIA, Aricina. 
 
 CUSCUS, Andropogon muricatus. 
 
 CUSCUTA, C. Europeea. 
 
 CuscuTA CiiLOROCARPA, sce C. Glomorata. 
 
 Cuscu'ta Epith'ymum, C. minor. The system- 
 atic name of the Dodder of Thyme, Epith'ymum, 
 Epith'ymum Cuscu'ta seu Cre'ticum. Ord. Con- 
 volvulacese. A parasitical plant, possessed of a 
 strong, disagreeable smell, and a pungent taste 
 very durable in the mouth. It was once used as 
 cathartic in melancholia. 
 
 Cuscuta Europ^'a seu major seu vulga'ris seu 
 tetran' dra seu filiform'is, Cuscu'ta, Epith'ymum 
 ofjicina'rum, was conceived to possess similar 
 properties. 
 
 Cuscuta Pilipormis, C. Europsea. 
 
 Cuscuta Glomera'ta, and Cuscuta Chloro- 
 CAr'pA, Dodder, Amer'ican Dodder, indigenous 
 plants, are bitterish, subastringent, tonic, and 
 antiperiodic. 
 
 Cuscuta Major, C. Europasa — e. Minor, C. 
 Epithymuin — c. Tetrandra, C. Europaea — c. Vul- 
 garis, C. Europsea. 
 
 CUSHIA, Heracleum spondylium. 
 
 CUSHY-COW-LADY, Coccinella septempunc- 
 tata. 
 
 CUSPARIA BARK, see C. Febrifuga— c. Bark, 
 False, Brucea antidysenterica, and Strj^ehnos 
 nux vomica. 
 
 Cuspa'ria Febrif'uga, Bonplan'dia trifo- 
 lia'ta seu angustu'ra, Angustu'ra (Ph. U. S.), 
 Galipap.'a febrifuga. Order, Rutacese. The 
 South American tree which furnishes the Cnspia'- 
 ria or Angustura Dark, (P.) Angnsture ou Angos- 
 ture vraie, Quinquina faux de Virginre. Accord- 
 ing to Dr. Hancock, however, the Angustura bark 
 
CUSPIS 
 
 267 
 
 CYANIC 
 
 is derived from GalrpcB'a officinale, Sex. Syst. 
 Decandria Monogynia, Nat. Ord. Diosmese ; and 
 this view has been adopted in the Pharmacopoeia 
 of the United States. Its odour is peculiar: taste 
 intensely bitter and slightly aromatic; pieces 
 thin; externally, gray and -wrinkled; internally, 
 yellowish-fawn; fracture, short and resinous. It 
 yields its virtues to water and to proof spirit. It 
 is tonic, stimulant, and aromatic. Dose, gr. \ to 
 XX or more, in powder. 
 
 CUSPIS. A spear. This name has been 
 given to the glans penis. — Rolfink. It meant, 
 also, a kind of bandage. 
 
 CUSTODIA VIRGINITATIS, Hymen. 
 
 GUSTOS, Vulva. 
 
 CUT, from (F.) couteau, 'a, knife,' or from 
 "West Gothic, kota, ' to cut ;' or from Ko-nria, ' I 
 cut.' CcBsu'ra, Tome, Tucis'to, Vulnus simplex. 
 Tresis vulniis simplex, Cope, (F.) Cotipure. A 
 common expression for the division or solution 
 of continuity made by a sharp instrument. 
 
 CUTAM'BULUS, from cutis, 'skin,' and am- 
 6mZo, 'I walk.' ' Walking in the skin.' An epithet 
 given to certain parasitical animals, which creep 
 under the skin — such as the Guinea-worm; and 
 to certain pains felt between the skin and flesh, 
 as it were. 
 
 CUTANEAL, Cutaneous. 
 
 CUTANEO-SOURCILIER, Corrugator su- 
 percilii. 
 
 CUTA'NEOUS, Cuta'neal, Cuta'neus, (F.) Cu- 
 tane, from cittis, 'the skin.' Belonging to the skin. 
 
 CuTAXEOus Diseases^, Eruptions, Epiphy'- 
 mata, are the numerous affections of a morbid 
 character to which the skin is liable — Eermato- 
 2}athi'a, Dermato'ses. 
 
 Chronic cutaneous diseases may be thus classi- 
 fied : 
 
 ( Urticaria. 
 
 1. Exanthematous < Roseola. 
 
 ( Erythema, 
 f Pemphigus. 
 I Rupia. 
 
 2. Vesicular -] Herpes. 
 
 Scabies. [?] 
 [ Eczema. 
 
 3. Pustular UT'^^^"- 
 
 [ Ecthyma. 
 
 ( Lichen. 
 
 4. Papular \ Strophulus. 
 
 [ Prurigo. 
 r Lepra. 
 
 5. Squamous \ Psoriasis. 
 
 ( Pityriasis, 
 f Acne. 
 I Sycosis. 
 
 6. Folliculous -j Ichthyosis. 
 
 I Trichosis. 
 l^Favus. 
 
 Cutaneous Exhalation and Absorption are 
 those which take place from the skin. 
 
 Cutaneous, Middle Posterior, see Sciatic 
 nerve, lesser. 
 
 Cutaneous Nerves, Cutaneal Nerves, so 
 called, of the upper extremity, are two in num- 
 ber. They are given off from the brachial plexus. 
 The internal cutaneous, Cubito-cutane, (Ch.,) de- 
 scends along the inner part of the arm, and di- 
 vides above the elbow into two branches ; the 
 outermost of which follows the outer edge of the 
 biceps, and spreads over the anterior and inner 
 part of the forearm; and the innermost accom- 
 panies the basilic vein, passing to the correspond- 
 ing side of the hand and little finger. The exter- 
 7inl cutaneous, Radio-cutane (Ch.,) Mus'culo-Cu- 
 ta'neus. Per' forans Casse'rii, passes outwards ; 
 perforates the coraeo-brachialis ; descends along 
 the anterior and outer part of the arm ; passes 
 
 as far as the middle fold of the elbow under the 
 median cephalic; and descends along the ante, 
 rior and outer edge of the forearm. At some 
 distance above the wrist, it divides into two 
 branches; an outer, which is distributed on the 
 back of the hand, the thumb and index finger; 
 and an inner, which descends on the mu.scles of 
 the thumb into the palm of the hand, and divides 
 into fine filaments, which may be traced to the 
 fingers. 
 
 Cutaneous nerves, Middle cutaneous, two in 
 number, are branches of the crural or femoral 
 nerve. They are distributed to the integument 
 of the middle and lower part of the thigh and 
 of the knee. 
 
 Nervus Cutaneus 3Iinor, Lesser internal cuta- 
 neous nerve, Nerve of Wrisherg, takes its origin 
 from the axillary plexus, but is more particu- 
 larly connected with the ulnar nerve. It soon 
 separates from the ulnar, running afterwards be- 
 tween it and the inner side of the arm. A little 
 below the axilla it divides into two branches, 
 which are distributed to the arm. 
 
 Chaussier calls the cephalic and basilic veins 
 the Radial and Cubital Cutaneous. 
 
 CUTCH, Catechu. 
 
 CUTE, Malleolus. 
 
 CUTI. Catechu. 
 
 CUTICLE, Epidermis — c. of the Enamel, see 
 Enamel. 
 
 CUTICULA, Epidermis. 
 
 CUTIO, Oniscus. 
 
 CUTIS, Pellis, Pella, Co'rium, Eerrna, Eeris, 
 Anthro'pe, Authro'pen, Skin, (F.) Peau, Eerme, 
 A dense, resisting membrane, of a flexible and 
 extensible nature, which forms the general en- 
 velope of the body; and is continuous with the 
 mucous membranes, through the different natural 
 apertures. It is generally considered to be formed 
 of three distinct la3'ers — the epidermis, rete or 
 more properly corjjus mucosum, and corium {cutis 
 vera, derma). Some anatomists, however, sepa- 
 rate it into several others. Its outer surface is 
 covered by a number of small eminences, called 
 papillae, which are generally regarded as essen- 
 tially nervous and vascular. The skin is our 
 medium of communication with external bodies. 
 It protects the subjacent parts; is the seat of 
 touch; and through it are exhaled the watery 
 parts of the blood, which are not needed in the 
 nutrition of the body. The state of the skin, as 
 regards heat and dryness, affords useful informa- 
 tion in pathological investigations. Its colour, 
 too, requires attention: the paleness of disease is 
 as characteristic as the rosy complexion of health. 
 The colour of the skin varies according to the 
 age, sex, &c. As a general rule, it is finer in the 
 female and child than in the male and adult. In 
 old age it becomes light-coloured, thin, and dry. 
 It likewise varies according to the races, itc. 
 
 Cutis Anseeina, Horrida cutis — c. Carnosa, 
 Panniculus carnosus — c. Extima, Epidermis — c. 
 Linguae, see Tongue — c. Suilla, Couenne — c. 
 Summa, Epidermis — c. Tensa Chronica, Indura- 
 tion of the cellular tissue — c. Ultima, Epidermis 
 — c. Vera, Corium, see Cutis. 
 
 CUTITIS, Cytitis, Erysipelatous inflammation. 
 
 CUTLINS, Groats. 
 
 CUTTING ON THE GRIPE, see Lithotomy. 
 
 CUTTLE FISH, Sepia. 
 
 _ CUTTUBUTH, Cutubuth, Kutubuth, Lencomo'- 
 ria, llelanchol'ia crrabund'a. The Arabian 
 physicians gave this name to a species of melan- 
 choly, accompanied with so much agitation, that 
 the patients cannot remain tranquil for the space 
 of an hour. 
 
 CUURDO CANELLA, Laurus cinnamomum. 
 CTAN'IC, Cijan'icus, (F.) Cyaniquej froDJ 
 
CYANEPHIDROSIS 
 
 268 
 
 CYLLOSOMUS 
 
 Kvavos, 'blue.' An epithet for the blue stage of 
 a malady — as cholera. 
 
 CYANEPHIDRO'SIS, from Kvavog, 'blue/ etti, 
 an augm.entative preposition, and iSpoio, 'I sweat.' 
 Copious perspiration, which colours the linen 
 blue. 
 
 CYANODERMIA, Cyanopathy. 
 
 CYAX'OGEN, (F.) Cyanogene; from Kvavog, 
 'blue,' and ycwata, 'I generate.' So called from 
 its being an ingredient in Prussian blue. It 
 forms, with oxygen, the cyanic and other acids j 
 with hydrogen, the hydrocyanic acid. 
 
 CYAXOP'ATHY, Cymmpathi'a, Cyano'sis, C. 
 cardi'aca, Cyanoder'mia, Hamato-cyano' sis, Hcb- 
 mato-cynnopathia, Kymio'sis, llorbns ccBru'leus, 
 Ccrrulu'sis neonato'rvm, from Kuai/os, 'blue,' and 
 ■aa^oq, 'affection.' (F.) Gyanose, Maladie bleu, 
 Jctere bleu. A disease in which the surface of 
 the body is coloured blue. It is often symptom- 
 atic, and commonly depends on a direct com- 
 munication remaining between the cavities of 
 the right and left side of the heart; Pa'tency 
 of the fora'vien ova'le. Acleitrocardie. — Piorry. 
 Such communication does not, however, always 
 occasion the blue disease, but it is generally 
 thought that the disease never exists without 
 this state of parts ; or without some obstacle to 
 the circulation in the right side of the heart. 
 The blueness does not seem to be owing to the 
 admixture of black and red blood. A child 
 affected with blueness is said to be cyanosed, 
 (F.) Cyanose. 
 
 GYANOSE, see Cyanosis. 
 
 CYANOSIS, Cyanopathy— c. Pulmonalis, Ate- 
 lectasis pulmonum. 
 
 CYANURETUM FERRO-ZmCICUM, Zinci 
 ferro-hydrocyanas. 
 
 CYANUS, Centaurea cyanus — c. jEgyptiacus, 
 Nymphasa nelumbo. 
 
 Cy'anus SEG"ETUjr, Bluebottle, (F.) Bluet ou 
 Bleuet des 3Ioisso)is, Barbeau, Anbifoin, Gasse- 
 Lunettes. Ord. Composite. The blue flowers 
 of this European plant, (Kvavo;, 'blue,') when 
 distilled with water, have been used in ophthal- 
 mia. 
 
 CYAR, Kvap. 'The eye of a needle,' 'a small 
 hole.' The Meatus audito'rius internus. See 
 Auditory canal (internal). 
 
 CYATHIS'CUS, diminutive of Kva$tou 'a bowl.' 
 The concave part of a sound, made like a small 
 spoon, as in the case of the ear-pick. 
 
 CY'ATHUS, 'a bowl.' A measure, both of the 
 liquid and dry kind, equal to about an ounce and 
 a half, or to the tenth part of a pint. According 
 to Pliny and Galen, about 10 drachms. 
 
 CvATHUS Cerebri, Infundibulum of the brain. 
 
 CYBE, Head. 
 
 CYBITON, Cubitus. 
 
 CYBOIDES, Cuboid. 
 
 CYCAS CIRCINALIS, see Sago— c. Revoluta, 
 see Sago. 
 
 CYC'EON, from Kvxau), 'I mix together.' The 
 ancient name of a medicine of the consistence of 
 pap, composed of wine, water, honey, flour, 
 barley meal, and cheese. — Hippocrates. 
 
 CYCLAMEN EUROP^'UM, Arthani'ta, A. 
 cyc'lamen, Gyclam'inus, Cyssan'themon, Gysso- 
 phyl'lon, Pauls porci'nus, Gas'amum, Chyli'ne, 
 Sow-bread. Ord. Primulacese. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
 tandria Blonogynia. (F.) Pain du Porceau. The 
 fresh root is said to be acrid, bitter, drastic, and 
 anthelmintic. Dose, ,^j. For external use, see 
 Arthanita. 
 
 CYCLE, Gychis, from kvkXo;, 'a circle.' A 
 period or revolution of a certain number of years 
 or days. The Methodists gave this name to an 
 aggregate of curative means, continued during 
 
 a certain number of days. Nine was the usual 
 number. 
 
 Cycle, Hebdom'adal or Heptal. A period of 
 seven days or years, which, according to some, 
 either in its multiple or submultiple, governs an 
 immense number of phenomena of animal life. 
 
 CYCLISCUS, Cyclismus. 
 
 CYCLIS'MUS. A Troch, T>-ochis'cus. This 
 name, as well as Gyclis'cus, was also given to a 
 circular kind of rasp. They have the same ety- 
 mon as cycle. 
 
 CYCLOCEPH'ALUS, (F.) Cycloe^phale, from 
 kvkXos, 'a circle,' and KSKpaXrj, 'head.' A monster 
 whose eyes are in contact, or united in one. 
 
 CYCLOPHOR'IA, from kvk\os, 'a circle,' and 
 (pspii), ' I bear.' The circulation of the blood or 
 other fluids. 
 
 CYCLO'PIA. Same etymon as Cyclops. State 
 of a monster that has both eyes united into one. 
 Called, also, Jtfonops'ia and Jihinencephal'ia. 
 
 Cyclopia Genistoi'des ; Nat. Ord. Legumi- 
 nosse. A South African plant, the decoction and 
 infusion of which are used as expectorants in 
 chronic bronchitis and in phthisis. 
 
 CYCLOPS, KVK\tt>\p, from kvkXo;, 'an orb or 
 circle,' and wi/', 'an eye.' Monoc'ulus, 3fonops, 
 Monojihthal'mus, Ilonom'matus, Unioc'idus, Unoc'- 
 nlus. A monster having but one eye, and that 
 placed in the middle of the forehead, like the 
 fabulous Cyclops. 
 
 CYCLOSIS, Circulation. 
 
 GYGLOTOME, Gyclot'omus, from kvkXo?, 'a 
 circle,' and tcjjlvuv, 'to cut.' An instrument, com- 
 posed of a ring of gold and a cutting blade, by 
 means of which the ball of the eye can be fixed, 
 whilst the cornea is cut. It was invented by a 
 surgeon of Bordeaux, named Guerin, for extract- 
 ing the cataract. It is not used. 
 
 CYCLUS, Circulus. 
 
 CYDONIA, Pyrus cydonia — c. Maliformis, 
 Pyrus cydonia — c. Vulgaris, P3'tus cydonia. 
 
 CYDONIA'TUM, Gydona'tum, Dyacydoni'tesf 
 A composition of the Cydonia mala or quinces, 
 with the addition of spices. — Paulus of ^jlgina. 
 
 CYDONIUM, see Pyrus Cydonia— c. Malum, 
 see Pyrus cydonia. 
 
 CYE'MA, Kvijfia, from kuu, 'I conceive.' Con- 
 ception. Likewise the product of conception. 
 See Embryo, and Foetus. 
 
 CYESIOGNO'MON, from Kvr.an, 'pregnancy,' 
 and yvw/^d))/, 'asign, a token.' A sign of pregnancy. 
 
 CYESIOGNO'SIS, from Kwriq, 'pregnancy,' 
 and yiiwais, 'knowledge.' Diagnosis of pregnancy. 
 
 CYESIOL'OGY, Cyesiolog"ia, from Kvnc^tg, 
 'pregnancy,' and Xoyo;, 'a description.' The 
 doctrine of gestation. 
 
 CYESIS, Conception, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 CYESTEINE, Kiesteine. 
 
 CYLICH'NE, Cylichnis. A pill-box or earth- 
 enware pot, or small cup ; from kvXi^, ' a cup.' — 
 Galen, Foesius. 
 
 CYLINDRI, see Villous membranes — c. Mem- 
 branacei renum, see Calix. 
 
 CYL'INDROID, Cylindroi'des, from KvXtvSpos, 
 'cylinder,' and tiiog, 'form.' Having the form 
 of a cylinder. Chaussier calls the Cornu Ammo- 
 nis, Protuberance cylindro'ide. 
 
 CYLINDROIDES, Teres. 
 
 CYLLOEPUS, see Kyllosis. 
 
 CYLLOPODA, see Kyllosis. 
 
 CYLLOPODION, see Kyllosis. 
 
 CYLLO'SIS, KvWtiiaig. Lameness, mutilation, 
 or vicious conformation. — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 See Kyllosis. 
 
 CYLLOSO'MUS, from kvWos, ' crooked,' and 
 <r(i)/ja, ' body.' A malformation by defect, in 
 which the fissure and eventration are lateral, 
 chiefly in the lower part of the abdomen, the ia- 
 
CYMATODES 
 
 269 
 
 CYNANCHE TRACHEALIS 
 
 ferior extremity of the side affected with the 
 fissure absent, or very little developed. — Vogel. 
 
 CYMATO'DES. Undo'sus from Kv^a, 'a wave/ 
 and ei5of, ' resemblance.' The vacillating, undu- 
 latory character of the pulse in weak individuals. 
 CYMBA, Vulva. 
 
 CYMBALARIA ELATINE, Antirhinum ela- 
 tine — c. Muralis, Antirhinum linaria. 
 CYMBALARIS, Cricoid. 
 CYMBIFORMB OS, Scaphoid bone. 
 CYMBOPOGON SCH(ENANTHUS, Juneus 
 odoratus. 
 
 CYMINUM, Cuminum cyminum. 
 CYMOGRAPHION, Kymographion. 
 CYNAN'CHE, Ancji'na, from kvoiv, kwo;, ' a 
 dog,' and ayx/J, 'I suffocate' [?], 'Bog choak,' 
 Sore Throat, (Old E.) Swensie, Swin'acie; Para- 
 cyiian'cJie, Synan'clie, Prunel'la, Squinan'thia, 
 Empres'ma Paristlvmi'tis, Cauma Paristhnii'tis, 
 Isthmi'tis, PariHhnii'tis, Inflammatio Fau'cium. 
 Inflammation of the supra-diaphragmatic portion 
 of the alimentary canal, and of the lining mem- 
 brane of the upper part of the air-passages : — (P.) 
 Aiigine, Esquinancie, 3Jal de Gorge, Si/imncie, 
 Sqninancie, Kinancie. It comprises the follow- 
 ing chief varieties. 
 
 Cynanche Epidemica, Cynanche maligna — c. 
 Externa, C. Parotidsea — c. Faucium, C. tonsillaris 
 — c. Gangrasnosa, Cynanche maligna — c. Laryn- 
 gea, Laryngitis. 
 
 Cynanche Malig'na, 0. gangrmno'aa seu epi- 
 dem'ica seu pur'pKro-parotidai'a seu ulcero'sa, 
 Febris cpidem'ica ciim Angi'nd, Emjyres' ma Pu- 
 risthmi'tis Malig'na, Tonsilla'rum ga/ngrcB'na, 
 Tonsil'lcB peslilen'tes, Epidem'ica giitturis lues, 
 Pestllens fau'cium affec'tus, Pcedan' chone [?], 
 Gangrana Tonsilla'rum, Ulcus Syriacum., Gar- 
 rotil'lo, Gariun' eidas angino'sus, Angi'na ulcero'sa 
 seu idcusculo' sa seu epidem'ica seu gangrcsno'sa 
 seu malig'na. seufau'cinm malig'na, Isthmoty'phvs, 
 Putrid or Ulcerous Sore Throat, Gangrenous In- 
 fiammation of the Pharynx, (F.) Angine gan- 
 greneuse ou Maligne. It is characterized by 
 crimson redness of the mucous membrane of the 
 fauces and tonsils ; ulcerations, covered with 
 mucus ; and spreading sloughs, of an ash or 
 whitish hue ; the accompanying fever typhus. 
 It is often epidemic, and generally contagious [?] ; 
 and is frequently found accompanying scarlet 
 fever, — giving rise to the variety. Scarlatina ma- 
 ligna, Canlcer rash. Cynanche maligna has been 
 made to include both diphtheritic and gangrenous 
 pharyngitis. See Pharyngitis, diphtheritic. 
 
 The general treatment is the same as in typhus ; 
 and stimulant antiseptic gargles must be used, 
 consisting, for example, of the decoction of bark 
 and muriatic acid. 
 
 Cynanche Maxillaris, c. Parotidasa — c. (Eso- 
 phagea, (Esophagitis. 
 
 Cynanche Parotid^'a, 0. Parotides seu ex- 
 ter'na seu maxilla' ris, Empres'ma Paroti'tis, 
 Parotitis, P. epidem'ica seu erysipielato'sa seu 
 contagio'sa seu spu'ria seu sero'so glu'fine tu'- 
 viens, Parot'ia, Parotidi'tis, Angina maxilla'ris 
 seu externa seu parotida'a externa, GIssa, Ery- 
 throchoe'ras, Genyocynan'che, Gnathocynan' che, 
 Inflamma'tio paro'tidum, Infla'tio paro'tidnm, 
 Catar'rhus Bellinsula'nus, Pranks (Scotch), 
 Mnmps, ("S.) Inflammation de la Parotide, Oreil- 
 lons, Ourles. The characteristic symptoms are : 
 — a painful tumour of the parotid gland, or of 
 the cellular tissue surrounding it, or of both, not 
 of the suppurative kind; frequently extending to 
 the maxillary gland. It is very conspicuous ex- 
 ternally, and is often accompanied with swelling 
 of the testes in the male, and of the maramte in 
 the female; the testes being sometimes absorbed 
 afterwards. It is generally epidemic, and appa- 
 rently contagious. [?] The treatment is very 
 
 simple; the adoption merely of the antiphlogistic 
 plan, under which it usually soon disappears. 
 When infiammation of the mammae or testes 
 supervenes, it must be treated as if idiopathic. 
 
 Epidem'ic Paroti'tis or Mumps is also termed 
 Paroti'tis polymor'pha seu epidem' ica seu s^^e- 
 cif'ica. 
 
 Cynanche Pharynge'a, Empres'ma Paris- 
 thmi'tis Pharyngea, Isthmi'tis, Pharyngi'tis, In- 
 flamma'tio Pharyn'gis, Parasynan' che, AngincB 
 inflammatoricB, Sp. iv. — (Boerhave.) (F.) An- 
 gine Pharyngee, Catarre pharyngien. Inflam- 
 mation of the pharynx. 
 
 This disease can hardly be said to differ, in 
 pathology or treatment, from Cynanche tonsil- 
 laris. The same may be remarked of the Cynan- 
 che (Esophage'a, GEsophagi'tis. 
 
 Cynanche Prunella, C. Tonsillaris — c. Pur- 
 puro-parotidasa, Cynanche maligna — c. Simplex, 
 Isthmitis — e. Stridula, C. trachealis. 
 
 Cynanche Tonsilla'ris, C. fau'cium seu Pru- 
 nella, Einpresma Paristhmi'tis Tonsilla'ris, Sy- 
 nan'che, Amygdali'tis, Brand, Branchi, Hyan' - 
 che, Tonsilli'tis, Paristh'mia, Paristhmi'tis, Dys- 
 pha'gia inflammato'ria, Antiadi'tis, Angina in- 
 flammato' ria seu cum tumo're seu tonsilla'ris seu 
 synocha'lis seu sanguin'ea seu vera et legit'ima, 
 Inflamma'tio Tonsilla'rum, Antiadon'cus inflam- 
 mato'rius, Inflammatory Sore Throat, Common 
 Squinancy, Squinzey, Squinsy or Quinsy, (F.) 
 Amygdalite, Inflammation des Amygdnles, Angine 
 fonsillaire, Pharyngite tonsillaire, Esquinancie, 
 Squinancie, Catarrhe guttural, Angine gutturals 
 inflammatoire. The characteristic symptoms of 
 this affection are, swelling and florid redness of 
 the mucous membrane of the fauces, and espe- 
 cially of the tonsils ; painful and impeded deglu- 
 tition, accompanied with inflammatory fever. It 
 is generally ascribed to cold, and is one of the 
 most common affections of cold and temperate 
 climates. It usually goes off by resolution, but 
 frequently ends in suppuration. 
 
 Common sore throat is an affection of no con- 
 sequence. It requires merely rest, and the ob- 
 servance of the antiphlogistic regimen. When 
 more violent, — in addition to this, — bleeding, 
 local or general, or both, — purgatives, inhalation 
 of the steam of warm water; acid, or emollient 
 gargles ; rubefacients externally, or sinapisms or 
 blisters. When suppuration must inevilably 
 occur, the continued use of the inhaler must be 
 advised, and an opening be made into the abscess 
 as soon as pus shall have formed. If the patient 
 be likely to be suffocated by the tumefaction, 
 bronchotomy may be necessary. 
 
 Cynanche Trachea'lts, Cynanche larynge'a 
 of some, C. strid'ula, Suffoca'tio strid'ula. Asth- 
 ma infan'tum, Catar'rhus stiffocati'vus Barbaden'- 
 sis, Angi'na polypo'sa seu membrana'cea seu pid- 
 po'sa seu pernicio'sa seu inflammato'ria seu suffo- 
 cato'ria seu strepiUi'sa seu cani'na seu e.rsudato' - 
 ria seu trachea'lis, Empres'ma bronchi'tia seu 
 bronchlemmi'tis, Laryngi'tis et Trachei'tis in- 
 fan'tilis, Laryngi'tis exsudati'va seu membrana'- 
 cea seu polypo'sa, Laryngos'tasis seu Lnryngv- 
 trachei'tis, Laryngo-tracheitis with diphtherit'ic 
 exnda'tion, Laryngoc'ace, Orthopnce'a cynan'- 
 chica, Cynanchorthopnm' a, Pcedanchone [?], 3lor- 
 bus Strangnlato'rius, Trachi'tis, Trachei'tis, Tra- 
 cheli'tis, Biphtheri'tis trachea'lis, Expectora'tio 
 Sol'ida, Caunia Bronchi'tis, Croup, Bonp, Hives, 
 Bold Hives, Choalc, Stuffing, Rising of the lights, 
 (P.) Angine laryngee et tracheale, Laryngite avec 
 production de fausses membranes, Laryngitc 
 pseicdo-membraneuse. A disease characterized 
 by sonorous and suffocative breathing; harsh 
 voice; cough, ringing, or like the barking of a 
 dog; fever, highly inflammatory. It is apt to 
 be speedily attended with the formation of a 
 
CYNANCHICA 
 
 270 
 
 CYPRES 
 
 false membrane, whicli lines the trachea beneath 
 the glottis, and occasions violent dyspnoea and 
 suffocation, but is sometimes expectorated. The 
 dyspnoea, as in all other affections of the air- 
 passages, has evident exacerbations. It differs 
 in its character in different situations ; being in- 
 finitely more inflammatory in some places than 
 in others, and hence the success obtained by dif- 
 ferent modes of treatment. It chiefly affects 
 children, and is apt to recur, but the subsequent 
 attacks are usually less and less severe. 
 
 As a general rule, it requires the most ac- 
 tive treatment; bleeding from the arm or neck, 
 so as to induce paleness ; leeches applied to the 
 neck, &c., according to the age, — the warm bath, 
 blisters to the neck or chest, and purgatives. 
 Formidable as the disease may be, if this plan be 
 followed early, it will generally be successful. 
 Many specifics have been recommended, but 
 the search has been idle and fruitless. The 
 majority of cases of what are called croup are 
 not of this inflammatory east; but are more of 
 a spasmodic character, and have been termed by 
 the French faux croups, and with us are occa- 
 sionally termed spasmodic croup. They gene- 
 rally yield to an emetic and the warm bath. 
 
 Cynanche Trachealis Spasmodica, Asthma 
 acutum, A. Thymicum — c. Ulcerosa, Cynanche 
 maligna. 
 
 CYNAN'CHICA. Medicines used in cases of 
 quinsy were formerly so called. 
 
 CYANCHORTHOPN(EA, Cynanche tra- 
 chealis. 
 
 CYNAN'CHUM. Same etymon. A genus of 
 plants, Ord. Asclepiadacese, of which the follow- 
 ing are used in medicine. 
 
 CvNANCHUir Argel, C. oleaefolium — c. Ipeca- 
 cuanha, Tylophora asthmatica. 
 
 CYNANCHUir Monspel'iacdm, Seani'mony of 
 MoHtpellier. The plant furnishes a blackish kind 
 of gum-resin, which is purgative, and but little 
 used. 
 
 Ctnanchum Ole^fo'lium, C. argel, Snleno- 
 stem'ma argel, Argel. An Egyptian, Nubian and 
 Arabian shrub, the leaves of which form a por- 
 tion of most samples of Alexandrian senna. 
 They resemble senna in their action. 
 
 Cynanchum Tomentosum, Tylophora asthmat- 
 ica — c. Vincetoxicum, Asclepias vincetoxicum — 
 c. Viridiflorum, Tylophora asthmatica — c. Vomi- 
 torium, Tylophora asthmatica. 
 
 CYNANTHEMIS, Anthemis cotula. 
 CYNANTHRO'PIA, from kv(dv, mivog, 'dog,' 
 and avSpuirroi;, ' man.' A variety of melancholia, 
 in which the patient believes himself changed 
 into a dog ; and imitates the voice and habits of 
 that animal. 
 
 CYN'ARA, 0. Scol'ymus, Cin'ara seol'ymns, ki- 
 vapa. The systematic name of the Ar'tichoJce, Al- 
 coc'alum, Articoc'alus, Artiscoc'cus IcBvis, Costus 
 nigra. Car' dntis sati'vusnon spina' sus, Ginarahor- 
 ten'sis. Scaly mus sati'vus, Car' dims sativtis seu 
 damest'icus cap'ite mojo're seu al'tilis, anciently 
 KaKTog, cactus, (F.) Artichaut. Ord. Composite. 
 Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia sequalis. In- 
 digenous in the southern parts of Europe. Much 
 used as an agreeable article of diet. The juice 
 of the leaves, mixed with white wine, has been 
 given in dropsies. 
 
 CYN'ICUS, Cyno'des.from Kviav, kvvo;, 'a dog.' 
 Cynic, (F.) Cynique. Relating to, or resembling 
 a dog. Cynic spasm is a convulsive contraction 
 of the muscles of one side of the face, — dragging 
 the eye, cheek, mouth, nose, <fec., to one side. 
 See Canine. 
 
 CYNIPS QUERCtJS FOLII, see Quercus in- 
 feetoria. 
 
 CYNOCOPRUS, Album gr»cum. 
 CYNOCRAMBE, Mercurialis perennis. 
 
 CYNOCTONON. Aconitum. 
 
 CYNOCYTISUS, Rosa canina. 
 
 CYNODEC'TOS, from Kvt^v, ' a dog,' and IriKut, 
 ' I bite.' One who has been bitten by a dog. — 
 Dioscorides. 
 
 CYNODES, Cynicus. 
 
 CYNODESMION, Fraenum penis. 
 
 CYNODESMUS, Frsenum penis. 
 
 CY'NODON DAC'TYLON, (kvu>v, ' a dog,' and 
 oSovi, oSovTo;, ' a tooth,')/'cm'iciim seu Digita'ria 
 dactylon, Bermuda grass ; indigenous. Ord. 
 Graminese. The roots have been used as a sub- 
 stitute for sarsaparilla. 
 
 CYNODONTES, Canine teeth. 
 
 CYNOGLOS'SUM, from kdwv, /cuvoj, 'a dog,' 
 and yKiixjaa, 'a tongue.' Cynoglos' sum officina'le 
 seu bi'color, Lingua Cani'na, Hound's tongue, 
 Cahalla'tion, (F.) Langue de Chien. Ord. Bora- 
 ginese. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. It 
 is aromatic and mucilaginous, and has been sup- 
 posed to be possessed of narcotic properties. 
 
 CYNOGLOSSUM AMPLEXICAULE, C. Vir- 
 ginicum. 
 
 CYNOGLOSSUM VIRGIN'ICUM, C.amplexi'- 
 caule. Wild Comfrey ; indigenous; has mucilagi- 
 nous properties. The leaves are smoked, and are 
 said to produce effects like those of tobacco. [?] 
 
 CYNOLOPHOI, Spinous processes of the ver- 
 
 CYNOLYSSA, Hydrophobia. 
 
 CYNOMETRA AGALLOCHUM, Agallochum. 
 
 CYNOMOIA, Plantago psyllium. 
 
 CYNOMO'RIUM COCCIN'EUM, from Kvmv, 
 Kvvoq, 'a dog,' and//a)p(ov, ' the penis.' (F.) Cham- 
 pignon de Malte. Ord. Balanophoreae. Impro- 
 perly called Fungus Meliten'sis, or Fungus of 
 Malta, as it is not a fungus. The powder has 
 been given as an astringent in hemorrhage, 
 dysentery, &c. 
 
 CYNOREXIA, Boulimia. 
 
 CYNORRHODON, Rosa canina. 
 
 CYNOSBATOS, Rosa canina. 
 
 CYNOSORCHIS, Orchis mascula. 
 
 CYNOSPASTUM, Rosa canina. 
 
 CYON, Kvoiv. The word sometimes signifies 
 the frasnum of the prepuce ; at others, the penis. 
 
 CYOPHORIA, Pregnancy. 
 
 CYOT'ROPHY, Cyotroph'ia, Embryat'rophy, 
 Emhryotroph' ia, from (cuoj, 'embryo,' and Tpe(fitiv, 
 'to nourish.' Nutrition of the embryo. Foetal 
 nutrition. 
 
 CYPARISSUS, Cupressus sempervirens. 
 
 CYPERUS ANTIQUORUM, Kx>T,tipoi, Lawso- 
 nia inermis — c. Indicus, Curcuma longa. 
 
 Cype'eus LoNaus, C. Homa'nua, Galangale, 
 (F.) Souchet odorant. Ord. Cyperaceae. It pos- 
 sesses aromatic and bitter properties, but is not 
 used. See, also, Dorstenia contrayerva. 
 
 Cyperus Odorus, Dorstenia contrayerva — c. 
 Peruanus, Dorstenia contrayerva — c. Romanus, 
 C. longus. 
 
 Cyperus Rotun'dus, C. tetras'tachys, the 
 Round Cype'rna, (F.) Souchet rond. It is a more 
 grateful aromatic bitter than the C. langus. 
 
 Cyperds Tetrastachys, C. rotundus. 
 
 CYPHEIr, Sempervivum teotorum. 
 
 CYPHO'MA, Cyphos, Cyjyho'sis, Cyrto'ma, Cyr- 
 to'sis, Opisthocypho'sis, from Kixpos, 'gibbous.' 
 Gibbosity of the spine. See Vertebral Column, 
 &c. Cyrtosis forms a genus in the order Dys- 
 thet'ica, and class Haemat'ica of Good, and is de- 
 fined: 'head bulky, especially anteriorly ; stature 
 short and incurvated ; flesh flabby, tabid, and 
 wrinkled.' It includes Cretinism, and Rickets. 
 
 CYPHOSIS, Gibbositas, see Hump, and Ky- 
 phosis. 
 
 CYPRES, Cupressus sempervirens. 
 
CYPRESS 
 
 271 
 
 CYSTIRRHAGIA 
 
 CYPRESS, Cupressus sempervirens, Tasodium 
 distichum — e. Bald, Taxodiutn distichum — c. 
 Tree, Liriodendron. 
 
 CYP'RINUM (O'LEUM), Kv^ptvo^ (e\aiov), on 
 of Cypress ; prepared of olive oil, cypress flowers, 
 calamus, myrrh, cardamom, inula, bitumen of 
 Judaea, <fec. It v/ae formerly employed in cer- 
 tain diseases of the uterus, pleurisies, &c., and 
 was regarded to be both stimulant and emollient. 
 
 CYPRIPE'DIUM ACAU'LE, (KuTrpij, 'Venus,' 
 and TToitov, ' a sock or buskin.') C. hu'mile, Stem- 
 Jess Ladies' Slipper ; Moccasiti Floioer ; Noah's 
 Ark. Ord. Orchidacese. Indigenous ; flowers 
 in May and June. The roots are used by steam- 
 doctors in nervous diseases, like valerian. 
 
 Cypripedidm Calceolus, C. Luteum, C. spec- 
 tabile — c. Canadeuse, C, spectabile — c. Flaves- 
 cens, C. Luteum — c. Humile, C. acaule. 
 
 Cypiupe'diom Lu'teum, C. Calce'olus seu Fla- 
 ves'cens seu Pubes'cens seu Parvijio'riim, Yellow 
 ladies' slip>per, Moc'casin flower, Moccasin plant, 
 Yellows, Bleeding heart, Amer'ican vale'rian, 
 Yellow umhil, male Mervine, Noah's ark, (F.) Sa- 
 hot de Venus jaune. An indigenous plant, which 
 is found all over the United States; blossoming 
 in May and June. The root is considered to be 
 antispasmodic, and is used in the same cases as 
 valerian. 
 
 Cypripedium Partiplorum, C. Luteum — c. 
 Pubescens, C. Luteum. 
 
 Cypripedidm Spectab'ile, C. Calce'olus seu 
 Canaden'se, Shovjy ladies' slipper, is the most 
 beautiful of the genus. It is said to possess pro- 
 perties identical with those of C. Luteum. 
 
 CYPRIUM, Cuprum. 
 
 CYPSELE, Cerumen. 
 
 CYRCEON, Anus. 
 
 CYRTOIDES, Cuboid. 
 
 CYRTOMA, Curvature, Cyphoma. 
 
 CYRTONOSOS, Rachitis. 
 
 CYSSANTHEMON, Cyclamen. 
 
 CYSSARUS, Anus, Rectum. 
 
 CYSSOPHYLLON, Cyclamen. 
 
 CYS'SOTIS, from Kvaoq, 'the anus.' The lower 
 part of the rectum : tenesmus. 
 
 CYST, Kyst. 
 
 CYSTAL'GIA, Cystidal'gia, from Kvari?, 'the 
 bladder,' and aXyo;, 'pain.' Pain in the bladder. 
 
 CYSTANENCEPHA'LIA.from Kvam, 'ablad- 
 der,' and aneneepha'lia, 'absence of brain.' A 
 monstrosity, in which, in place of a brain, a blad- 
 der is found filled with fluid. — G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 CYSTATROPH'IA, from kv<7tis, 'bladder,' and 
 arpoipta, ' atrophy.' Acysturo trophie, — Piorry. 
 Atrophy or wasting of the bladder. 
 
 CYSTAUCHENOTOM'IA,(7y.9to<mcfte?ofom'ja, 
 Cystidoiraehelotom'ia, from kvotis, 'a bladder,' 
 av)(^nv, 'the neck,' and ronn, 'incision.' An inci- 
 sion into the neck of the bladder. See Lithotomy. 
 
 CYSTAUX'E, Hypertroph' ia vesi'cw urina'rim. 
 Callos'itag vesi'ccB ; from /cuartj, 'bladder,' and 
 aviri, 'increase.' Hypertrophy of the coats of 
 theurinary bladder. — Fuchs. See Cysthypersar- 
 
 CYSTECTASY, Lithectasy. 
 
 CYSTENCEPH'ALUS, from kvoth, ' bladder,' 
 and Kt<j)a\ri, 'head.' A monster having a head 
 with a vesicular brain. — G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 CYSTEOL'ITHOS, from kvgti?, 'the bladder,' 
 and A I eof, 'a stone.' Stone in the bla,dder. Also, 
 a medicine, employed to dissolve or break stone. 
 
 CYSTERETHIS'MUS, Irritahil'itas seu Impa- 
 tien'tia Vesi'cm, from Kvaris, 'the bladder,' and 
 t(w:e<^w, ' I irritate.' Irritability of the bladder. 
 
 CYSTHEPAT'ICUS, from Kvam, ' the bladder,' 
 and 'vvap, ' the liver.' Belonging to the gall- 
 bladder and liver. This name was given, for- 
 merly, to imaginary excretory ducts for the bile, 
 
 which were supposed to pass directly from the 
 liver to the gall-bladder. 
 
 CYSTllEPATOLITlU'ASlS,Cystidepatolithi'- 
 asis, Cholelith'ia, Cholelithi'asis, from Kvarig, ' the 
 bladder,' 'ri-rrap, 'the liver,' and \id-iaais, 'pain 
 caused by a calculus.' The aggregate of pheno- 
 mena caused by the presence of biliary calculi. 
 See Calculi, biliary. 
 
 CYSTHITIS, Kysthitis. 
 
 CYSTHUS, Anus, Vulva. 
 
 CYSTHYPERSARCO'SIS, from Kv<7Tii, 'blad- 
 der,' 'vTicp, 'over,' and o-ap/fuo-is, 'a flesh}' growth;' 
 Excrescen'tia Vesi'eeB urina'rics. A fleshy thick- 
 ening of the coats of the bladder. 
 
 CYSTIC, Cys'ticus, (F.) Cistique, from kvcti;, 
 'a bladder.' Belonging to the gall-bladder. Also, 
 containing Cystae, Cystous. 
 
 Cystic Artery, Arte'ria Cys'tica, is given off 
 from the right branch of the hepatic, and divides 
 into two branches, which proceed to the gall- 
 bladder. It is accompanied by two cystic veins, 
 which open into the vena porta abdominalis. 
 
 Cystic Bile. Bile contained in the gall- 
 bladder. 
 
 Cystic Cal'culi. Calculi formed in the gall- 
 bladder. See Calculi. 
 
 Cystic Duct, Ductus cys'ticus, llea'tus cys'ti- 
 cus. The duct proceeding from the gall-bladder, 
 which, by its union with the hepatic, forms the 
 ductus communis choledochus. 
 
 Cystic Oxyd, Oxyd, cystic — Cystic Oxyd Cal- 
 culi, see Calculi, Urinary. 
 
 Cystic Sarco'ma, of Ab'eenethy, Emphy'ma 
 Sarcoma cellido'sum. Tumour, cellulous or cys- 
 tous ; cells oval, currant-sized or grape-sized, con- 
 taining serous fluid; sometimes caseous. Found 
 in the thyroid gland (forming bronchocele,) testis, 
 ovarium, &c. 
 
 CYS'TICA, Cystic Remedies. Such medicines 
 as were formerly believed proper for combating 
 diseases of the bladder. 
 
 CYSTICER'CUS, from Kvcrtg, 'a bladder,' and 
 KcpKog, ' a tail.' A genus of entozoa of the family 
 of the hydatids, distinguished by the caudal 
 vesicle in which the cylindrical or slightly de- 
 I pressed body of the animal terminates. The Cys- 
 ticer'cuscellulo'em, (F.) Cyaticerque du Tissu cellu- 
 laire, Hy' datis finna, has been often found in the 
 cellular membrane. 
 
 CYSTICERQUE DU TISSU CELLU- 
 LAIRE, Cysticercus cellulosse. 
 
 CYSTIDALGIA, Cystalgia. 
 
 CYSTIDELCO'SIS, from kvcth, 'bladder,' and 
 'eXkmo-ij, ' ulceration.' Suppuration or ulceration 
 of the urinary bladder. 
 
 CYSTIDEPATICUS, Hepatocystic. 
 
 CYSTIDEPATOLITHIASIS,Cysthepatolithi. 
 asis. , 
 
 CYSTIDOBLENNORRHCEA, Cystirrhoea. 
 
 CYSTIDOCATARRHUS, Cystirrhoea. 
 
 CYSTIDOCELE, Cystocele. 
 
 CYSTIDOPLEGIA, Cystoparalysis. 
 
 CYSTIDORRHAGIA, Cystorrhagia. 
 
 CYSTIDORRHEXIS, Cystorrhesis. 
 
 CYSTIDORRHCEA. Cystirrhoea.. 
 
 CYSTIDOSOMATOTOMIA, Cystosomatoto- 
 mia. 
 
 CYSTIDOSPASMUS, see Cystospastic. 
 
 CYSTIDOSTENOCHORIA, Stricture of the 
 urinary bladder. 
 
 CYSTIDOTOMIA, Cystotomia. 
 
 CYSTIDOTRACHELOTOMIA, Cystaucheno- 
 tomia. 
 
 CYSTINE, Oxyd, cystic. 
 
 CYSTINURIA, Urine, cystinic. 
 
 CYSTINX, Vesicula. 
 
 CYSTIPHLOGIA, Cystitis. 
 
 CYSTIRRHAG"IA, from -cutrr,?, 'the bidder,' 
 and p;7yi/u«, 'I break forth.' Hemorrhage from the 
 
CYSTIRRHEUMA 
 
 272 
 
 CYSTOSOMATOMIA 
 
 bladder, (F.) HemorrTiagie de la Vess'ie. By some 
 used- synonymously with cystirrhcea. 
 CYSTIRRHEUMA, Cystorrheuma. 
 CYSTIRPv-HCE'A, from kvuth, 'the bladder/ 
 and p£ci), 'I flow.' Paru'ria StillatU'tia Muco'sa, 
 Blennu'ria, BlennorrJioe' a urina'lis seu vesi'ccB, 
 Cysto-Uennorrhoe'a, Cystorrhce'a, Oystido-llennor- 
 rhce'a, Ischu'ria, Cyeto-pMegmat'ica, Tenes'mus 
 Vesi'ccB Muco'sus, Uri'ita muco'sa, Ci/stocatar'- 
 rhus, Cystido-eatar'rhus, Oystidorrhoe'a, Uroeysto- 
 catar'rhus, Dysu'ria 3Iuco'sa, Pyu'ria 3Iucosa 
 seu vis'cida seu sero'sa, 3fo)-bus cystophlegmat'- 
 icus, Catar'rhus vesi'ccB, (F.) Cijstite muqueuse, 
 Blenno-cystite, Flux muquexix de lavesfie, Catar- 
 rhe vesical, Blencystorrhee, — Piorry. A copious 
 discharge of mucus from the bladder, passing out 
 with the urine,, and generally attended with dysu- 
 ria. It is commonly dependent upon an inflam- 
 matory or subinflammatory condition of the lining 
 membrane. The treatment must be regulated by 
 the cause. If it be not produced by an extrane- 
 ous body; the antiphlogistic plan, — the exhibition 
 of warm diluents, and keeping the surface in a 
 perspirable state, by wearing flannel, are indi- 
 cated. Some of the turpentines may, at times, 
 be given with advantage; and astringent or other 
 appropriate injections be thrown into the bladder. 
 CYSTIS, Follicle, Urinary bladder— c. Cho- 
 ledochus, Gall-bladder— c. Fellea, Gall-bladder 
 — 0. Serosa, Hygroma. 
 
 GYSTITE, Cystitis— c. Iluquense, Cystitis. 
 CYSTI'TIS, from kvutl?, 'the bladder.' In- 
 Jlamma'tio Vesi'ccB, Empres'ma Cysti'tis, Oysii'tis 
 u'riea, Uro-cysti'tis, Cystiphlo'gia, Cystophlo'gia, 
 Inflammation of the bladder, (F.) Cystite, In- 
 flammation de la vessie, Gysturite, ^2mrry ; cha- 
 racterized by pain and swelling in the hypogas- 
 tric region ; discharge of urine painful or ob- 
 structed, and tenesmus. It may affect one or 
 all of the membranes ; but commonly it is con- 
 fined to the mucous coat. In the chronic con- 
 dition, it appears in the form of cystirrhcea. It 
 must be treated upon the same energetic princi- 
 ples as are required in other cases of internal 
 inflammation; venesection, general and local, 
 the warm bath, warm fomentations, warm, sooth- 
 ing enemata, diluents, &c. Cantharides must 
 be avoided, even in the way of blisters, unless 
 with precautions, as the disease is often occa- 
 sioned by them. 
 
 Cystitis Fellea, Cholecystitis — c. Urica, Cys- 
 titis. 
 
 CYSTITOME, Cystit'omus, Cyst'otome,Kibis'i- 
 tome, Kya'titome, Kystotome, from /cuuTif, 'the 
 bladder,' and rciiveiv, ' to cut.' An instrument, 
 invented by Lafaye, for dividing the anterior 
 oart of the capsule of the crystalline in the opera- 
 tion for extracting cataract. It was formed like 
 the Pharyngotome. 
 
 CYSTO. In composition, relating or apper- 
 taining to a bladder, and generally to the urinary 
 bladder. 
 
 CYSTOBLAST, Cytoblast. 
 CYSTO-BLENNORRHfflA, Cystirrhcea. 
 CYSTO-BUBONOCE'LE, from Kvans, 'the 
 bladder,' /?ou/3mv, 'the groin.' and Kr/Xrj, 'a tu- 
 mour.' Hernia of the bladder through the abdo- 
 minal riug. 
 
 CTSTO-CATARRHUS, Cystirrhcea. 
 CYSTO CE'LE, Cystoce'lia, Cistoce'le, Cystido- 
 ee'll, from kv<ttls, 'the bladder,' and Kv'kri, 'a tu- 
 mour,' Her'nia vesi'ccB vrina'ricB, Hernia of the 
 bladder, (F.) Hernie de la Vessie. It is not com- 
 mon. It occurs, most frequently, at the abdomi- 
 nal ring; less so at the crural arch, perinceum, 
 vagina, and foramen thj'roideum. It may exist 
 alone, or be accompanied by a sac, containing 
 some abdominal viscus. The tumour is soft and 
 
 fluctuating; disappears on pressure, and increases 
 in size when the urine is retained. It must be 
 reduced and kept in position by a truss. Vagi- 
 nal cystocele is kept in place by a pessary. 
 
 Cystocele Biliosa, Turgescentia vesiculae 
 fellese. 
 
 CYSTODYN'IA, from kvotis, 'the bladder,' 
 and ohvvii, 'pain.' Pain of the bladder; particu- 
 larly rheumatic pain. 
 
 CYSTOH^'MIA, (F.) CystoMmie, from kvcth, 
 'bladder,' and 'aijia, 'blood.' Congestion of 
 blood in the bladder. 
 
 CYSTOID, Cysto'i'deus, Cyst-like, from kvcti;, 
 ' a bladder or cyst,' and uiog, ' resemblance. That 
 which resembles a cyst, as ' cystoid tumour.' 
 CYSTO-LITHIASIS, see Calculi, vesical. 
 CYSTO-LITH'IC, Cystolith'icus, (F.) Cysto- 
 lithique, from Kvarig, 'the bladder,' and Xi5os, 'a 
 stone.' Relating to stone in the bladder. 
 CYSTOMA, see Kyst 
 
 CYSTO-MEROCE'LE, from kvittis, ' the blad- 
 der,' jicpos, 'the thigh,' and Kr)\r], 'hernia.' Fe- 
 moral hernia, formed by the bladder protruding 
 beneath the crural arch. 
 
 CYSTON'CUS, from kvcti;, 'the bladder,' and 
 oyKog, ' tumour.' Swelling of the bladder. 
 
 CYSTOPARAL'YSIS, Cystidoparal'ysis, Cys- 
 tidople'gia, Cystople' gia, Cystoplex'ia, Acystiner'- 
 via, Acysturonervia, Amyosthenie Cystttrique, — 
 Piorry, from Kvans, ' bladder,' and irapaXvaig, 
 ' palsy.' Paralysis of the urinary bladder. See 
 Enuresis. 
 
 CYSTO-PHLEGMAT'IC, Cystophlegmat'icus, 
 from Kutrrij, 'the bladder,' and (jiXtyfia, 'mucus, 
 phlegm.' Belonging to the vesical mucus. 3Ior- 
 bus cystoplilegmnt' ieus. Cystirrhcea. 
 CYSTOPHLOGIA. Cystitis. 
 CYSTOPHTHI'SIS, Phthisis vesica'lis, from 
 (cuoTif, 'the bladder,' and (pOid), '1 consume.' Con- 
 sumption from ulceration of the bladder, — Ul'cera 
 seu Ilelco'sis vesi'ccB. 
 
 CYSTOPLAS'TIC, Cystoplas'ticus, from kvotis, 
 ' the bladder,' and TiXacaa, ' I form.' An epithet 
 for an operation for the cure of fistulous openings 
 into the bladder, Gys'top)lasty, {¥.) Cysfoplastie ; 
 sometimes restricted to the cure by translation 
 of skin from a neighbouring part. 
 CYSTOPLEGIA, Cystoparalysis. 
 CYSTOPLEG"IC, C'ystopleg"ieus. Belonging 
 to paralysis of the bladder ; from Kvarig, ' the 
 bladder,' and TrXricaw, 'I strike.' 
 CYSTOPLEX'IA, Cystoparalysis. 
 CYSTOPTO'SIS, from Kuans, 'the bladder,' 
 and TtiTTTuv, 'to fall.' Relaxation of the inner 
 membrane of the bladder, which projects into the 
 canal of the urethra. 
 
 CYSTOPY'IC, Cystopy'ieus, (F.) Cystopyique, 
 from KvuTig, 'the bladder,' and itvov, 'pus.' Re- 
 lating to suppuration of the bladder. 
 
 CYSTORRHAG"IA, HcBmatu'ria cyst'ica, Hcb- 
 morrhag"ia vesi'ccB, Strangu'ria criien'ta, San'- 
 guinis fluor vesi'ccB, from tcvarig, 'the bladder,' 
 and payrj, ' rupture.' A discharge of blood from 
 the vessels of the urinary bladder. 
 
 CYSTORRHEU'MA, Cystirrheu'ma, Rheumn- 
 tis'mus vesi'ccB urina'ricB ; from Kvang, 'the blad- 
 der,' andptw^a, ' defluxion,' 'rheumatism.' Rheu- 
 matism of the bladder.' 
 
 CYSTORRHEX'IS, Oystidorrhex'is; from kv<t- 
 rif, ' bladder,' and 'prj^i;, ' rupture.' Rupture of 
 the urinary bladder. 
 
 CYSTORRHCEA, Cystirrhcea. 
 CYSTOSARCO'MA, from /cuirnf, 'a bladder or 
 cyst,' and sarcoma. A tumour consisting of a 
 combination of cysts and cystoids, so called by 
 J. Miiller. 
 
 CYSTOSOMATOM'IA, Cystosomatotom'in, Cys- 
 tidosomaiotom'ia, from kvotl;, ' the bladder/ aw/xa, 
 
CTSTOSPASMUS 
 
 273 
 
 DACRTOCYSTIS 
 
 'body,' and TOfiij, 'incision.' An incision into 
 the body of the bladder. 
 
 CTSTOSPASMUS, see Cystospastic. 
 
 CYSTOSPAS'TIC, Ci/stosjms'ticus, from kvotis, 
 'the bladder,' and mraw, 'I contract.' Relating 
 to spasm of the bladder, and particularly of its 
 sphincter; — Cystidospaa'mus, Spasmus Vesi'ca, 
 Ischu'ria s2)asmod' ica, (F.) Spasme de la 
 
 CYSTOSPERMI'TIS, (F.) Cystospermite, from 
 Kvarig, ' bladder,' cKcpjia, ' sperm,' and itia, ' de- 
 noting inflammation.' Inflammation of the vesi- 
 culse seminales. 
 
 CYSTOSTENOCHO'RIA, Cystidostenocho'ria, 
 Strictu'ra vesi'ccB, Vesi'ca sacca'ta. A stricture, 
 narrowness, inequality or saccated condition of 
 the urinary bladder. 
 
 CYSTOTHROWBOIB, Cystothromhoi'des,i:Tom 
 Kvaris, 'the bladder,' and -S/jo/i/^os, 'a clot.' Relat- 
 ing to the presence of clots in the bladder. 
 
 GYSTOTOME, Cystot'omus, ivom Kvau;, 'the 
 bladder,' and reftveiv, 'to cut.' An instrument 
 intended for cutting the bladder. Instruments 
 of this kind have been more frequently, although 
 very improperly, called Lithotome/>. 
 
 CYSTOTOM'IA, Cystidotom'ia, same etymon. 
 Incision of the bladder ; Sectio vesica'lis. Cys- 
 totomia means cutting into the bladder for any 
 purpose; (F.) Incision de la vessie. Commonly, 
 it is applied to the puncturing of the bladder for 
 the purpose of removing the urine ; whilst Litho- 
 tomy has been employed for the incisions made 
 with the view of extracting calculi from the 
 bladder. See Lithotomy. 
 
 CYSTOTRACHELOTOMIA, Cystauchenoto- 
 mia. See Lithotomy. 
 
 CYSTOUS, Cystic. 
 
 CYSTOVA'RIUM, from CTtrnj, 'a cyst or 
 bladder;' and oapiov, 'ovarium.' A morbid con- 
 dition, which consists in the formation of cysts in 
 the ovary. 
 
 GYSTURITE, Cystitis. 
 
 CYT'INUS, 0. Hypoeist'is, Hyjyocist'is, As'arnm 
 Hypocist' is. Ord. Cistinese. A small parasitical 
 plant, which grows in the south of France and in 
 Greece, on the roots of the woody cistus. The 
 juice of its fruit is acid, and very astringent. It 
 is obtained by expression, and converted into an 
 extract, which was called Sueeua Hypocia'tidis, 
 
 and was formerly much used in hemorrhages, 
 diarrhoea, &c 
 
 CYTISI'ISTA, Cytisine. An immediate vege- 
 table principle, discovered by Chevalier and 
 Lassaigne, in the seeds of Gytiaus Lahur'num or 
 Bean-Trefoil Tree. Ord. Leguminosse. Sex. 
 Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. Cytisine has ana- 
 logous properties to emetine. In the dose of one 
 or two grains, it produces vomiting and purging; 
 and, in a stronger dose, acts as an acrid poison. 
 The seeds of the Cytisus Laburnum, (F.) Auboura, 
 have been long known to produce vomiting and. 
 purging. 
 
 CYTISMA ECZEMA, Eczema— c. Herpes, 
 Herpes. 
 
 CYTISO-GENISTA, Spartium seoparium. 
 
 CYTISUS LABURNUM, see Cytisina — c. 
 Scoparius, Spartium seoparium. 
 
 CYTI'TIS, Scyti'tia, Dermati'tis, Bermi'tis, 
 Cuti'tis, Corii'tis, from KVTig, 'the skin,' and 
 itis, 'denoting inflammation.' Inflammation of 
 the skin. 
 
 CY'TOBLAST, Cystohlast, from kvto^, 'cell,' 
 and pXacTTos, 'germ.' Cell-germ, Nu'deus, (F.) 
 Noyau. A granule, from which all animal 
 and vegetable bodies are presumed to be 
 formed. When the nucleus or cytoblast forms a 
 cell, and is attached to its walls, the germinal 
 cell, thus formed, is called a nucleated cell. 
 When the nucleus contains a simple granule, the 
 latter is termed a nucleolus, (F.) Nucleole, Nu- 
 cleolule. 
 
 CYTOBLASTE'MA; (F.) Cytoblasteme, same 
 etymon. Intercel'lular substance, Hy'aline sxib- 
 stance, Substan'tia vit'rea seu liyal'ina. Matrix. 
 The gum or mucus in the vegetable, and probably 
 the liquor sanguinis after transudation from the 
 vessels in the animal, in a state fully prepared for 
 the formation of the tissues. — Schwann and 
 Schleiden. By many. Blastema is preferred, in- 
 asmuch as it does not convey the idea of cellular 
 development. 
 
 CYTOGENET'IC, Cytogenet'ious, (F.) Cytoge- 
 nkique, same etymon as the next. Relating or 
 belonging to cell formation. 
 
 CYTOG"ENY, Cytogen'esis, from Kvrog, 'cell,' 
 and ytvtati, 'generation.' Cell formation, cell 
 genesis. 
 
 CYTTAROS, Glans. 
 
 D. 
 
 The figure of the Greek A, according to Galen, 
 was the sign for quartan fever. 
 
 DABACH, Viscum album. 
 
 DACNE'Pi,01>[, SaKvripor, from SaKveiv, 'to bite.' 
 An ancient name for a collyrium, composed of 
 oxide of copper, pepper, cadmia, myrrh, salfron, 
 gum Arabic, and opium. 
 
 DACRY, Dac'ryma, Dac'ryon, iaxpv, Saxpvfia, 
 iiKpvov, 'a tear :' Hence : 
 
 DACRYADENA L'GIA, Dacryoadencd'gia, 
 from &aK{jvui, ' I weep,' airjv, ' a gland,' and aXyog, 
 'pain.' Disease or pain in the lachrymal gland. 
 
 DACRYADENI'TIS, Bacryoddeni'tia ; from 
 SaKpvu), 'I weep,' aitjv, 'a gland,' and itis. In- 
 flammation of the lachrymal gland. 
 
 DACRYALLCEO'SIS, from Saicpv, 'a tear,' and 
 aWoiwcig, ' change.' A morbid condition of the 
 tears. 
 
 38 
 
 DACRYDION, Convolvulus seammonia. 
 
 DACRYGELO'SIS, from daxpuoi, ' I weep,' and 
 ytXaoj, 'I laugh.' A kind of insanity, in which 
 the patient weeps and laughs at the same time. 
 
 DACRYH^^MOR'RHYSIS ; Sanguin'eoua La- 
 chryma'fion, from SaKpv, 'a tear,' and 'aifiopevais. 
 'hemorrhage.' A flow of bloody tears. 
 
 DACRYNOMA, Epiphora. 
 
 DACRY OADENALGIA, Dac^ryadenalgia. 
 
 DACRYOADENITIS, Dacryadenitis. 
 
 DACRYOBLENNORRHCE'A, from SaKpva>, 'I 
 weep,' pXevva, 'mucus,' and ptu, 'I flow.' Dis- 
 charge of tears mixed with mucus. 
 
 DACRYOCYSTAL'GIA, from SaKpvu, 'Iweea,' 
 KvaTti, ' a sac,' and oKyog, 'pain.' Disease or pain 
 in the lachrymal sac. 
 
 DACRYOCYSTIS, Lachrymal sac- 
 
DACRYOCYSTITIS 
 
 274 
 
 DAPHNE 
 
 DACRYOCYSTI'TIS, from SaKpvov, 'a. tear,' 
 and Kvarii, ' bladder.' Inflammation of the lach- 
 rymal sac. 
 
 DACRYOCYSTOSYRINGOKATAKLEI'SIS; I! 
 from dacryocystis, the ' lachrymal sac,' a-vpiy^, ' a ]! 
 pipe, a listula,' and KaraKXeiats, ' a locking up.' j! 
 A term, proposed by Dieffenbach for the healing 
 of lachrymal fistulse by transplantation. The 
 operation consists in paring the edges of the fis- 
 tula, loosening the borders, and assisting the re- 
 quisite tegumental displacement by lateral inci- 
 sions. 
 
 DACRYO'DES, Lacrymo'sus, from iaxpyio, 'I 
 ■weep.' Resembling tears : — hence. Ulcus dacry- 
 o'dc's. A siinious ulcer, a weeping sore. 
 
 DAC'RYOLITE, Dacryol'ilhus, Dac'ryoUth, 
 (F.) Bocryolithe, from SaKpvia, ' I weep,' and ^tdog, 
 'a stone.' A concretion found in the lachrymal 
 passages. 
 
 DACRYOLITHI'ASIS; same etymon as the 
 last. The formation of concretions in the tears. 
 DACRYO'MA. Same etymon. The effusion 
 of tears, occasioned by an occlusion of the puncta 
 lacrymalia. — Vogel. 
 DACRYON, Tear. 
 
 DACRYOPCE'US, from iaKpvui, 'I weep,' and 
 roi£co, ' I make.' A substance which excites the 
 secretion of tears, — as the onion, horse-radish, 
 garlic, &c. 
 
 DAC'RYOPS, from SaKpvo>, 'I weep,' and ui^, 
 ' the eye.' A weeping eye. A tumefaction of 
 the lachrymal passages. 
 
 DACRYOPYORRHCE'A, Pyorrhoe'a via'rum 
 lacryma'lium, from BaKpv, 'a, tear,' nvov, 'pus,' 
 and pto), ' to flow.' A discharge of tears mixed 
 with purulent matter. 
 
 DACRYORRHCE'A, Dacryrrhce'a, Dacryor'- 
 rhysis, Dacryr'rhysis, from ^a/cpu, 'a tear,' and 
 o£&), 'to flow.' A morbid flux of tears. 
 DACRYORRHYSIS, Dacryorrhoea. 
 DACRYOSOLENI'TIS, from &aKpv, 'a tear,' 
 aui\riv, ' a canal,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the lachrymal ducts. 
 DACRYOSYRINX, Fistula lacrymalis. 
 DACRYRRHCEA, Dacryorrhoea. 
 DACRYRRHYSIS, Dacryorrhoea. 
 DACTYLE'THRA, Daetyli'thra, from SaKTv\og, 
 'a finger.' A name given by the ancients to dif- 
 ferent topical applications, having the form of a 
 finger, and proper for being introduced into the 
 throat to excite vomiting. 
 
 DACTYLETUS, Hermodactylus. 
 DACTYL'ION, Bactyl'inm, (F.) Boigts palmes, 
 Webbed fingers, from ^axruXos, ' a finger.' The 
 union of the fingers with each other. This af- 
 fection is generally congenital ; but it may be 
 owing to burns, ulcerations, inflammation of the 
 fingers, &c. 
 
 DACTYL'IOS, from 6aKTi]\o;, 'a finger.' A 
 troch or lozenge, when shaped like a finger. The 
 anus. 
 
 DACTYLITIS, Paronychia. 
 DACTYLIUS, from SuKrvXto;, annulus, 'a ring.' 
 Dac.ttl'ius Aculea'tds. A worm of a light 
 colour^ annulated, cylindrical, but tapering slightly 
 towards both extremities, from two-fifths to four- 
 fifths of an inch long, which has been found in 
 the urine. 
 
 DACTYLODOCHMB, Dochme. 
 DACTYLOSYM'PHYSIS, from SaKTvXoi, 'a 
 finger,' and (rvp^pvai?, 'union.' Adhesion of the 
 fingers to each other. 
 
 DACTYLOTHE'KE, from SaKTvXo?, 'a finger,' 
 and 6>iKr], 'a case or sheath.' An instrument for 
 keeping the fingers extended when wounded. — 
 jteibrose Parfi. 
 
 DACTYL US, Dig"itus, 'a finger.' The 
 smallest measure of the Greeks, the sixth part 
 of a foot. Also, the Date. 
 
 D^DA'LEA SUAY'EOLENS, Bole'tus seu 
 Fungus Sal'icis, Boletus disco'ideus seu suaveolens, 
 Fungus alius sal!g'neus,(F.) Agaric odorant, Bolet 
 odorant. Ord. Fungi. A champignon, which 
 grows on the trunks of old willows. It has a 
 smell of anise, which is penetrating and agree- 
 able; and has been recommended in phthisis 
 pulmonalis in the dose of a scruple four times a 
 day. 
 
 b^DALUS, Hydrargyrum. 
 D.^DION, Bougie. 
 D^MONIACUS, Possessed. 
 DiEMONOMANIA, Demonomania. 
 DiES, T«da. 
 DAFFING, Insanity. 
 DAFFODIL, Narcissus pseudonarcissus. 
 DAFFY'S ELIXIR, Tinctura senna3 compo- 
 sita. 
 
 DAFT, Insane. 
 DAG, Stitch. 
 
 DAISY, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Eri- 
 geron Philadelphicum — d. Common, Bellis — d. 
 Ox-eye, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. 
 
 DALEY'S CARMIN'ATIVE. A celebrated 
 empirical remedy, much used as a carminative 
 for children. The following is a form for its pre- 
 paration : [3Iagnesi(B alb.'^\y, ol. mentha j^ipcr. 
 gtt. j ; ol. nuc. moschat. gtt. iij ; ol. anisi, gtt. iij ; 
 tinct. cantor, gtt. xxs; tinct. asafoetid. gtt. xv ; 
 tinct. opii, gtt. v; sp. pulegii, gtt. xv ; tinct. car- 
 dam, c. gtt. XXX ; aqucB menthce pip. ^ij. M.) 
 A Committee of the Philadelphia College of 
 Pharmacy recommend the following form : — 
 (AqucF, Ox; Sacchar. alb. ^xxxij; Carbon. Po- 
 tass. §ss; Carb. 3Tag. ^xiy, Tinct. Opii. f^vj; 
 OL menfh. pip., 01. Anethi Foenicul. aa f9ij. M.) 
 DALCOP, Idiot. 
 
 DALTO'NIAN. An absurd name given to 
 one who cannot distinguish colours; because the 
 celebrated chemist Dalton had the defect. See 
 Achromatopsia. 
 
 DALTONISM, Achromatopsia. 
 DAMSON, Prunum Damascenum — d. Moun- 
 tain, Quassia simarouba — d. Tree, Prunus do- 
 mestica. 
 
 DANCE, see Mania, dancing — d. St. John's, 
 see Mania, dancing — d. St. Vitus's, Chorea, see 
 Mania, dancing. 
 
 DANCING, Salta'tio, (F.) Banse. A kind of 
 exercise and amusement, composed of a succes- 
 sion of motions, gestures, and attitudes, executed 
 by measured steps to the sound of the voice or 
 musical instrument. It is a healthy exercise. 
 
 Dancing Mania, see Mania, dancing — d. 
 Plague, see Mania, dancing. 
 
 DANDELION, Leontodon taraxacum. 
 DANDRIFF, Pityriasis. 
 DANDRUFF, Pityriasis. 
 DANDY, Dengue. 
 
 DANEVERT, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 spring, a league and a half from Upsal, in Swe- 
 den. The waters contain carbonic acid, holding 
 in solution carbonate of iron, sulphate of iron, 
 sulphates of soda and lime, chloride of sodium, 
 and silica. It is frequently employed in medicine. 
 DANEWORT, Sambueus ebulus. 
 DANICH: an Arabic word, signifying the 
 weight of 8 grains. 
 
 DANIEL'LIA THURIF'ERA. The Frankin- 
 cense Tree of Western Africa, which furnishes the 
 product termed African Frankincense. 
 
 DANSE, Dancing — d. de St. Guy, Chorea — d. 
 de St. Witt, Chorea. 
 
 DAOUN_SETAN, see Urtica. 
 DAPHNE, Laurus. 
 
 Daphne Alpi'na, Chamcele'a, Chamalm'a, 
 Widow wail. Ord. Thymelaese. Sex. Sysf. 
 Octandria Monogynia. A sort of dwarf-olive. 
 An acrid, volatile, alkaline principle has been 
 
DAPHNE BOISGENTIL 
 
 DAWLISH, CLIMATE OF 
 
 separated from the bark of this plant by M. 
 Vauquelin, to which he has given the name 
 Daphiu'ne. The plants of the genus owe their 
 vesicating property to this principle. 
 
 BAPHNE BOISGENTIL, Daphne mezereum 
 — d. Flax-leaved, Daphne gnidium — d. Garoii, 
 Daphne gnidium. 
 
 Daphne Gnid'iom, D. panicula'ta, ThymeJw'a, 
 Th. ilonspeliaca, Thymele.'a, Cneo'ron, Spurge 
 Flax, Flax-leaved Daphne. The plant which 
 furnishes the Garou Baric, (F.) Daphne Garou, 
 Sain-bois. It is chiefly used, when used at all, 
 for exciting irritation of the skin. The Grana 
 Giiid'ia, (see Cnid'ia grana,) are acrid poisons, 
 like all the plants of this genus, when taken in 
 quantity. According to others, the garou bark 
 and grana gnidia are obtained from the daphne 
 laureola. 
 
 Daphne Latjeeola, D. major, Thymela'a lau- 
 re'ola. The systematic name of the Spurge Laurel, 
 Laureola. The bark of this plant has similar 
 properties to the last. 
 
 Daphne Liottardi, D. laureola — d. Major, D, 
 laureola. 
 
 Daphne Meze'recm, D. Liottar'di, Thymelce'a 
 meze'renm. The systematic name of the 3Ieze'- 
 reon, Mezereum, Spurge olive, (F.) Daphne Bois- 
 gentil. The bark of the mezereon, Meze'reum, 
 possesses analogous properties to the other va- 
 rieties of Daphne. It is considered stimulant and 
 diaphoretic; and, in large doses, is emetic. It 
 has been employed in syphilitic cases, but its 
 efficacy is doubtful. Soaked in vinegar, — meze'- 
 reum acefa'tum, like the other varieties of daphne, 
 it has been employed to irritate the skin, espe- 
 cially to keep issues open. 
 
 Daphne Paniculata. D. Gnidium. 
 
 DAPHNEL^'ON, O'leum Lauri'num, from 
 Saipvri, ' the laurel or bay tree,' and iXaiov, ' oil.' 
 OH of Bay. 
 
 DAPHNINE, see Daphne Alpina. 
 
 DARNEL, Lolium temulentum. 
 
 DARSENI, Laurus cinnamomum. 
 
 DARSINI, Laurus cinnamomum. 
 
 DARSIS, from ^tpu, *I excoriate,' 'I skin.' 
 The Greek physicians seemed to have used this 
 word to designate the anatomical preparation, 
 which consists in removing the skin for exposing 
 the organs covered by it. 
 
 DART A, Impetigo — d. Excoriativa, Herpes 
 exedens — d. Maligna, Herpes exedens. 
 
 DARTOS. Same derivation : Memhra'na car- 
 no'sa, Tu'niea mtiscula' ris seu rubicun'da scroti, 
 T. dartos, 3Iarsu'pium musculo' sum ; from Sapro^, 
 'skinned.' A name given to the second covering 
 of the testicle, which the ancient anatomists con- 
 ceived to be muscular, but which is merely areo- 
 lar. Its external surface is towards the scrotum; 
 the internal towards the tunica vaginalis. Fre- 
 derick Lobstein and Breschet consider, that it 
 proceeds from an expansion of the fibrous cord, 
 known by the name Gubernaculum Testis. 
 
 DARTRE, Herpes, Impetigo, Pityriasis — d. 
 Crustacee, Ecthyma impetigo — d. Crustacee fla- 
 vescente, Porrigo lupinosa — d. Crouteuse, Impetigo 
 — d. Eeailleuse, Psoriasis — d. Fongueuse, Ecthy- 
 ma — d. Fnrfuracee arrondie, Lepra, Lepra vul- 
 garis — d. Fnrfuracee volnnte. Lichen, Pityriasis 
 — d. Phlycteno'ide, Herpes phlyctaenoides — d. 
 Pustuleuse couperose, Gutta rosea — d. Pustuleuse 
 disseminee. Acne — d. Pustuleuse meritagra. Syco- 
 sis — d. Rongpnnfe, Herpes exedens: see Esthio- 
 menus — d. Sr/uajnmeuse humide, Eczema — d. 
 Sqvammeuse licheno'ide, Psoriasis — d. Fii'ye, Ec- 
 zema. 
 
 DARTREUX (F.), Herpet'ic. Participating 
 in the characters of Dartre or Herpes. Also, one 
 affected with dartre. Dartre has been used, at 
 
 one time or other, for almost every disease of the 
 skin. See Herpes. 
 
 DAS'YMA, from liaav^, 'rough,' 'hairy.' A 
 disease of the eye — the same as trachoma, but 
 less in degree. — Aetius, Gorrseus. 
 
 DAS'YTES. Same etymon. Roughness, par- 
 ticularly of the tongue and voice. Hairiness, 
 
 Hirsu'ties. 
 
 DATE, Pal'mida, Dac'tylus, Bal'anos, Phce'ni- 
 cos, the fruit of the Phoenix dactylif'era seu ex- 
 cel'sa, Palma dactylif'era, (F.) Datte. The un- 
 ripe date is astringent. When ripe, it resembles 
 the fig. The juice of the tree is refrigerant. 
 
 DATE PLUM, INDIAN, Diospyrus lotus. 
 
 DATTE, Date. 
 
 DATURA, D. Stramonium. 
 
 Datd'ra Sanguin'ea, Red Thorn Ap2)le ; called 
 by the Indians of Peru Huacacachu, Yerba de 
 Huaca [huaca, a grave) or Grave-plant, and Bo- 
 vachevo. Ord. Solanaceffi. A plant from which 
 the Peruvian Indians prepare a narcotic drink 
 called Tonga. 
 
 Datu'ra Steamo'niuj:, Siramo'nia, Barycoc'- 
 calon, Sola'num fce'tidum, Stramo'nium, S. majits 
 album seu spino'sum seu vulga'tnm seu foe'tidum, 
 Pomum seu llalum sptino'snm, Nux methel, Datu'- 
 ra, Dutro'a, Daty'ra, Thorn Apple, Appjle of 
 Peru, Jamestoxon Weed, Jimston or Jinijjson Weed, 
 Stinlciceed, (F.) Stramoine, Pomme epineuse, En- 
 dormie, Herbe aux sorciers ou de diable. The 
 leaves, Stramo'nii Fo'lia, the seeds, Stramo'nii 
 Semen, and the root, Stramo'nii Radix, are the 
 parts used in medicine. They are narcotic an-d 
 poisonous; are given internally as narcotics and 
 antispasmodics; and applied externally as seda- 
 tives, in the form of fomentation. The seeds are 
 smoked like tobacco, in asthma. The dose of the 
 powder is, gr. j to gr. viii. 
 
 DA'TURINE, Daturi'na, Datu'ria, Datu'ritm. 
 The active principle of the Datura Stramonium, 
 separated by Brandes, a German chemist. It has 
 not been rendered available in medicine. 
 
 DATURIUM, Daturine. 
 
 DATYRA, Datura stramonium. 
 
 DAUCI RADIX, see Daucus Carota. 
 
 DAUCI'TES VINUM. Wine, of which the 
 Daucus or Wild Carrot was an ingredient. Th-e 
 seeds were steeped in must. It was formerly used 
 in coughs, convulsions, hypochondriasis, diseases 
 of the uterus, &c. 
 
 DAUCUS CANDIANUS, Athamanta cretensis. 
 
 Daucus Caro'ta. The systematic name of 
 the Carrot Plant; Daucus, D. sylves'tris seu vul- 
 ga'ris seu sati'vus, Canca'lis caro'ta, Pastina'ca 
 eylvesfris tenuifo'lia officina'rum. Ado' rion ; Or- 
 der, Umbelliferae. (Sc.) iVeeran, Jlirrot, (F.) 
 Carotte ; Ord. Umbeliiferae. The fruit, Carota, 
 — (Ph. U.S.) — and the root, Dauci radix, have 
 been used in medicine. The root is sweet and 
 mucilaginous; and the seeds have an aromatic 
 odour, and moderately warm, pungent taste. The 
 root has been used, as an emollient, to fetid and 
 ill-conditioned sores. The seeds have been re- 
 garded as stomachic, carminative, and diuretic; 
 but they have little efficacy. The seeds of the 
 loiJd plant are, by some, preferred to those of the 
 garden. 
 
 Daucus Creticus, Athamanta cretensis — d. 
 Cyanopus, Pirapinella magna — d. Sativus, D. 
 carota — d. Seprinius, Seandix cerefolium — d. 
 Sylvestris, D. carota — d. A''ulgaris, D. carota. 
 
 DAUPHINELLE, Delphinium staphisagria. 
 
 DAVIDSON'S REMEDY FOR CANCER, see 
 Conium maculatum. 
 
 DA riER, Dentagra. 
 
 DAWLISH, CLIMATE OF. A town in De- 
 vonshire, frequented by phthisical invalids during 
 the winter. It is well protected from northerly 
 winds, and also from the violence of the south 
 
DAW PIT 
 
 276 
 
 DECANTATION 
 
 westerly gales. It offers, however, but a con- 
 fined space. 
 
 DAWPIT, see Fatuitas. 
 
 DAX, MINERAL WATERS OP. Dax is a 
 city two leagues from Bordeaux, where there are 
 four springs, that are almost purely thermal ; 
 containing only a very small quantity of chloride 
 of magnesium, and sulphate of soda and lime. 
 Temperature 76° to 133° Fahrenheit. 
 
 DAYBLINDNESS, Nyctalopia. 
 
 DAYMARE, Incubus vigilantium. 
 
 DAYNETTLE, Lamium album. 
 
 DAYSIGHT, Hemeralopia — d. Vision, Heme- 
 ralopia. 
 
 DAZZLING, Caliga'tio, (F.) Mlouissemenf. 
 A momentary disturbance of sight, occasioned 
 either by the sudden impression of too powerful 
 a light, or by some internal cause ; as plethora. 
 
 DE VENTRE INSPICIENDO, 'of inspect- 
 ing the belly.' AVhere there is reason to suppose 
 that a woman feigns herself pregnant, a writ de 
 ventre inspiciendo may be issued to determine 
 whether she be so or not. Until recently, in 
 England, the decision was left to twelve matrons 
 and twelve respectable men, according to the 
 strict terms of the ancient writ. 
 
 DEAD, (Sax.) toea©, iVor'tuus, (F.) 3Iort. 
 Deprived of life, exanimate. 
 
 DEADHOUSE, Morqne. 
 
 DEADLY, Lethiferous, Mortal. 
 
 DEADMEN'S BELLS, Digitalis. 
 
 DEADNETTLE, Lamium album. 
 
 DEAF : same etymon as Deafness. Surdtis, 
 ;F. } Sourd, {Sc.) Didl. Devoid of hearing. Hard 
 nf hearing. 
 
 DEAF-DUMBNESS, Mutitas surdorum. 
 
 DEAFNESS, (Sax. ■oeap,) Snr'ditas, Copho'- 
 fis, Dysecoi'a, Dyseece'a organ'ica, Baryecoi'a, 
 Hardness of hearing, Hi/poenpho'sis, Sahsur'ditas, 
 Bradycoi'a, Bradyecoi'a, (F.) Surdite, Burete de 
 I'ouie, Bysecee. Considerable diminution or total 
 loss of hearing. It may be the effect of acute or 
 chronic inflammation of the internal ear, paralysis 
 of the auditory nerve or its pulpy extremity, or 
 of some mechanical obstruction to the sonorous 
 rays. In most cases, however, the cause of the 
 deafness is not appreciable, and the treatment 
 has to be purely empirical. Syringing the ears, 
 dropping in slightly stimulating oils, fumigations, 
 &c., are the most likely means to afford relief. 
 
 Deafness, Taylor's Remedy fob, see Allium. 
 
 DEALBATIO, Bealbation, Paleness. 
 
 BEALBATION (¥.), Bealba'tio, Bleach' in g. 
 Applied, particularly, to the whitening of bones 
 for anatomical purposes. 
 
 DEAMBULATIO, Walking. 
 
 DEARCH, Nanus. 
 
 DEARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis. 
 
 DEASCIATIO, Aposceparnismus. 
 
 DEATH, (Sax. ■oea»,) (Sc.) Bede, Beid ; Apo- 
 hio'sis, Abio'sis, Extinc'tio, Ob'itus, Psychorag"ia, 
 Psyc'horrhag"ia, Le'tlium, Letiim, 3Iors, Inter'itus, 
 Than' atos, Becease, {¥.)3[ort. Definitive cessation 
 of all the functions, the aggregate of which consti- 
 tute life. Real Beath, A'pothana'sia, is distin- 
 guished from asphyxia or apparentdeath — the lat- 
 ter being merely a suspension of those same func- 
 tions. But it is often difficult to judge of such sus- 
 pension, and the only certain sign of real death is 
 the commencement of putrefaction. At times, 
 therefore, great caution is requisite to avoid mis- 
 takes. Death is commonly preceded by some 
 distressing symptoms, which depend on lesion of 
 respiration, circulation, or of the cerebral func- 
 tions, and which constitute the agony. That which 
 occurs suddenly, and without any, or with few, 
 precursory signs, is called sudden death. It is 
 ordinarily caused by disease of the heart, apo- 
 plexy, the rupture of an aneurism, or by some 
 
 Death beginning at the heart, 
 
 " " in the lungs- 
 
 " " in the brain- 
 
 other organic affection. Death is natural, (Sc.) 
 Strae-death,\!hen it occurs as the result of disease : 
 violent, when produced by some forcible agency. 
 It may likewise affect the whole body, or a part 
 only; hence the difference between soma/ic and 
 molecular death. 
 
 The chief varieties of the modes of death may 
 be thus given : 
 
 Suddenly — Syn- 
 cope : Gradual — 
 Asthenia. 
 Asphyxia. 
 ■Apoplexy. 
 in the gray fParalj'sis of 
 
 " " matterof the ■< pneumogastrics, 
 
 medulla, ( &c. 
 
 " " in the blood [?] — necrsemia. 
 
 As it was at one time conceived, with Bichat, 
 that death must commence in the heart, lungs, 
 or brain, these organs were called a'tria mortis, 
 'the halls of death.' 
 
 Death, Apparent, Asphyxia. 
 
 Death, Black. Pestis nigra, Blade Plague, 
 (F.) Peste noire. The plague of the 14th century 
 was so called, which is supposed to have proved 
 fatal in Europe to 25,000,000 of people. — Hecker. 
 
 Death of Man, Cicuta maculata — d. Stiffen- 
 ing, Rigor mortis. 
 
 DEBILIS, Infirm. 
 
 DEBIL'ITANTS, Behilitan'tia, Antidynam'- 
 ica, Philadynam' ica, from debilitare, itself from 
 debilis, quasi dehabilis, 'weak,' 'to weaken.' 
 Remedies exhibited for the purpose of reducing 
 excitement. Antiphlogistics are, hence, debili- 
 tants. 
 
 DEBILITAS, Debility— d. Erethisica, see Irri- 
 table — d. Nervosa, Neurasthenia, see Irritable 
 — d. Visus, Asthenopia. 
 
 DEBIL'ITY, Bebil'itas, Astheni'a, Hyposthe- 
 ni'a, Blaci'a, Anenerge'sia, Anenergi'a, Weak- 
 ness, (F.) Faihlesse. A condition, which may be 
 induced by a number of causes. It must not be 
 confounded with fatigue, which is temporary, 
 whilst debility is generally more permanent. 
 
 Debility may be real, or it may be apparent ; 
 and, in the management of disease, it is important 
 to attend to this. At the commencement of fever, 
 for example, there is often a degree of apparent 
 debility, which prevents the use of appropriate 
 means, and is the cause of much evil. Excite- 
 ment is more dangerous than debility. 
 
 BEBOITEMENT, Luxation. 
 
 BEBORBEMENT (F.), from deborder {de 
 and border), ' to overflow.' A popular term for 
 one or more sudden and copious evacuations from 
 the bowels. It is chiefly applied to bilious eva- 
 cuations of this kind — Bebordement de Bile. 
 
 BEBRIBEMENT (F.), Frcgno'rum solu'tio, 
 from (F.) debrider [de and brider), 'to unbridle.' 
 The removal of filaments, <S;c., in a wound or 
 abscess, which prevent the discharge of pus. In 
 a more general acceptation, it means the cutting 
 of a soft, membranous, or aponeurotic part, which 
 interferes with the exercise of any organ what- 
 ever; thus, in paraphimosis, debridement of the 
 prepuce is practised to put an end to the inflam- 
 mation of the glans : in strangulated hernia, de- 
 bridement of the abdominal ring is had recourse 
 to, to remove the stricture of the intestine, &c. 
 
 DECAGRAMME, from hKa, 'ten,' and ypaiiyta, 
 'a gramme.' The weight of ten grammes, 164.34 
 grains Troj^. 
 
 DECAM'YRON, from hKu, 'ten,' and ^vpov, 
 'ointment.' An ancient cataplasm, composed of 
 malabathrum, mastich, euphorbium, spilcenard, 
 styrax calamita, carbonate of lime, common pep- 
 per, unguentum nardi, opobalsamum, and wax. 
 
 DECANTA'TION, Becanta'tio, Befu'sio, Me- 
 
DECAPITATIO ARTICULORUM 277 
 
 DECOCTION 
 
 tangism'oB, Catach'ysis. A pharmaceutical ope- 
 ration, which consists in pouring off, gentiy, by 
 inclining the vessel, any fluid which has left a 
 deposit. 
 
 DECAPITATIO AP.TICULORUM, see Resec- 
 tion. 
 
 DECAPITATION, Decollation. 
 
 DECARBONIZATION, Hsematosis. 
 
 DECEASE, Death. 
 
 DECESSIO, Ecpiesma. 
 
 DECHARNE, Demusculatus. 
 
 DECHAPELLEMENT. An old French term, 
 employed by Pare and others for the operation 
 of cutting and removing, with a strong forceps, 
 the corona of a carious tooth, where it is desired 
 to preserve the fang. 
 
 BECHAUSSE3IENT (¥.), (de and ohaiisser.) 
 The state in which the gums have fallen away 
 from the teeth, as in those affected by mercury, 
 in old persons, &c. Also, the operation of lanc- 
 ing the gums. See Gum lancet. 
 
 DECHAUSSOIR, Gum lancet. 
 
 UECHIREMENT, Laceration. 
 
 DECHIRURE, Wound, lacerated— e?. de V Ute- 
 rus, Uterus, rupture of the. 
 
 DECIDENTIA, Cataptosis, Epilepsy. 
 
 DECIDUA, Decidua membrana. 
 
 Decid'ua Membra'na, Decid'ua, Decid'uous 
 Membrane, from decidere, 'to fall off,' {de and 
 cadere.) So called on account of its being consi- 
 dered to be discharged from the uterus at partu- 
 rition. A membrane, formerly defined to be the 
 outermost membrane of the f«tus in utero ; and 
 still so defined by some — as by Dr. Lee. Chaus- 
 sier calls it Epicho'rion: by others, it has been 
 called Membra'na cadu'ea Hunteri, M . fioceulen' - 
 ta sen cellulo'sa seu sinuo'sa seu commn'nis seu 
 2}r(Bexis'lens, Decidua externa seu spongio'sa, Tit'- 
 nica exterior ovi seu cadu'ea seu crassa, Mem- 
 bra'na cribro'sa seu ovi mater'na seu muco'sa seu 
 it'teri intern'a evolu'ta, Epio'ne, Placen'ta uteri 
 sueceiituria'tiis, Sabplacen'ta, Nidri men' turn, An- 
 his'tous membrane, (F.) Caduque, G. vraie, Mem- 
 brane caduque, Epione, Perioiie ; — prior to the 
 time of the Hunters, called Cho'rion sj^ongio'sum 
 seu tomento' sum seu fungo'sum seu reticul.a'tum, 
 &o., Tu' nica jilamento' sa, Slinggy Chorion, Spongy 
 Chorion, &c. Great diversity has prevailed re- 
 garding this membrane and its reflected portion. 
 It exists before the germ arrives in the uterus — 
 as it has been met with in tubal and ovarial preg- 
 nancies; and is occasioned by a new action, as- 
 sumed by the uterine vessels at the moment of 
 conception. Chaussier, Lobstein, Gardien, Vel- 
 peau, and others, consider it to be a sac, without 
 apertures, completely lining the uterus, and that 
 when the ovum descends through the tube, it 
 pushes the decidua before it, and becomes enve- 
 loped in it, except at the part destined to form 
 the placenta. That portion of the membrane 
 which covers the ovum, forms the JIfembra'na 
 decid'ua reflex'a, (F.) Caduque reflechie, 3[em- 
 brane caduque reflechie, according to them- — -the 
 part lining the uterus being the Decidua Vtei-i, 
 (F.) Caduque lUerine. Towards the end of the 
 fourth month, the decidua reflexa disappears. The 
 very existence of a Tunica decidua reflexa has, 
 however, been denied. This last membrane has 
 received various names. Dr. Granville, regard- 
 ing it as the external membrane of the ovum, has 
 termed it Cortex ovi. It has also been termed 
 Involu'crum. membrana' ceum, Membra'na reti- 
 form'is cho'rii seu jilamento' sa seu adventit"ia 
 seu crassa, Ovuline and Decid'ua p>rotru' sa. To 
 the membrane which, according to Bojanvis and 
 others, is situate between the placenta and the 
 uterus, and which he considers to be produced 
 
 at a later period than the decidua vera, he gav« 
 the name membra'na decid'ua sero'tina. 
 
 Histological researches seem to show, that the 
 decidua is an altered condition of the lining 
 membrane of the uterus, with a whitish secretion 
 filling the uterine tubular glands. The decidua 
 reflexa is probably formed by the agency of nu- 
 cleated cells from the plastic materials thrown out 
 from the decidua uteri; in the same manner as 
 the chorion is formed in the Fallopian Tube from 
 plastic materials thrown out from its lining mem- 
 brane. That the decidua reflexa is not a mere 
 inverted portion of the decidua uteri is shown 
 by the fact, that the texture of the two is by no 
 means identical. 
 
 Decidua Protrusa, Decidua reflexa. 
 
 DECIDUOUS MEMBRANE, Decidua (mem- 
 brana). 
 
 DECIGRAMME, Decigram'ma, from decimus, 
 'the tenth part,' and ypajjijia, 'gramme.' The 
 tenth part of the gramme in weight; equal to a 
 little less than two grains, French ; 1.543 Troy. 
 
 DECIMA'NA FEBRIS, from decern, 'ten.' 
 An intermittent, whose parox3'sms return every 
 10th day or every 9 days. It is supposititious. 
 
 DECLAMA'TION, Declama'tio, from de, and 
 clamare, clamatum, ' to cry out.' The art of de- 
 picting the sentiments by inflections of the voice, 
 accompanied with gestures, which render the 
 meaning of the speaker more evident, and infuse 
 into the minds of the auditors the emotions with 
 which he is impressed. Declamation may become 
 the cause of disease: the modification, produced 
 in the pulmonary circulation,' — accompanied by 
 the great excitement, sometimes experienced, — is 
 the cause of many morbid afi'ections; particularly 
 of pneumonia, haemoptysis, and apoplexj'. la 
 moderation, it gives a healthy excitement to the 
 frame. 
 
 DECLTN, Decline. 
 
 DECLTNATIO, Decline. 
 
 DECLINE, Declina'tio, Inclina'tio, Deere- 
 men'tum, Remis'sio, Parac'me, Parac'masis, (F.) 
 Declin, from de, and clinare, 'to bend.' That 
 period of a disorder or paroxysm, at which the 
 symptoms begin to abate in violence. We speak, 
 also, of the decline of life, or of the powers, (F.) 
 Declin de I'age, L'age de declin, when the phy- 
 sical and moral faculties lose a little of their ac- 
 tivity and energy. See Phthisis, and Tabes. 
 
 DECEIVE, (F.) Decli'vis, from de, 'from',' and 
 clivus, 'acclivity.' Inclining downwards. This 
 epithet is applied to the most depending j)^rt of a 
 tumour or abscess. 
 
 DECOCTE, Decoction. 
 
 DECOCTION, Decoc'tio, from decoquere, 'to 
 boil,' {de and coquere, coctum,) Epse'sis, Apoz'esis, 
 Zesis, Hepse'sis, Aphepsis, (F.) Decoction. The 
 operation of boiling certain ingredients in a fluid, 
 for the purpose of extracting the parts soluble at 
 that temperature. Decoction, likewise, means 
 the product of this operation, to which the terms 
 Deeoctum, Zema, Aphepse'?na, Ap'ozem, Apoz'ema, 
 Hepse'ma, Chylus and Epise' ma, (F.) Decode, Hy- 
 drole, Hydrolite, have been applied according to 
 ancient custom, in order to avoid any confusion 
 between the operation and its product; — as prcs- 
 23aratio is used for the act of preparing; prcepa- 
 ratum, for the thing prepared. 
 
 Decoction op Aloes, Compound, Deeoctum 
 aloes compositum — d. of Bark, Deeoctum Cin- 
 chona} — d. of Bark, pale, see Deeoctum Cinchonai 
 — d. of Bark, red, see Deeoctum Cinchonse — d. 
 of Bark, yellow, see Deeoctum Cinchonae — d. of 
 Barley, Deeoctum hordei — d. of Barlej', com- 
 pound, Deeoctum hordei compositum — d. Bitter, 
 Deeoctum amarum — d. of Broom, Deeoctum sco- 
 parii — d. of Broom, compound, Deeoctum sco- 
 
DECOCTUM 
 
 278 
 
 DECOCTUM 
 
 parii compositum — d. of Cabbage tree bark, De- 
 coctutQ geoffraese inermis — d. of Cassia, Decoctum 
 cassise — d. of Chamomile, Decoctum anthemidis 
 nobilis — d. of Cinchona, Decoctum Cinchonte — d. 
 of Cinchona, compound laxative, Decoctum kinse 
 kinse compositum etlaxans — d. of Colomba, com- 
 pound, Decoctum Colombse compositum — d. of 
 Dandelion, Decoctum Taraxaci — d. of Dogwood, 
 Decoctum Cornfis Floridae — d. of Elm bark, De- 
 coctum ulmi — d. of Flaxseed, compound, Decoc- 
 tum Lini compositum — d. of Foxglove, Decoctum 
 digitalis — d. de Gayac composee, &c., Decoctum 
 de Guyaco compositum — d. of Guaiacum, com- 
 pound, Deciyc'tum Guaiaci compositum — d. of 
 Guaiacum, compound purgative, Decoctum de 
 Guayaco compositum — d. of Hartshorn, burnt, 
 Mistura cornu usti — d. of Hellebore, white, De- 
 coctum veratri — d. of Iceland moss, Decoctum 
 cetrariae — d. of Logwood, Decoctum hsematoxyli 
 — d. of Marshmallows, Decoctum altha?se — d. de 
 Mauve composee, Decoctum malvfe ccmpositum — 
 d. of Oak bark, Decoctum quercus — d. d'Orge, 
 Decoctum hordei — d. d'Orge composee, Decoctum 
 hordei compositum — d. of Pareira Brava, Decoc- 
 tum Pareirae — d. of Pipsissewa, Decoctum chi- 
 maphila; — d. of Poppy, Decoctum papaveris — d. 
 of Quince seeds, Decoctum eydoniae — d. de Quiu- 
 quina composee et laxative, Decoctum kina3 kinas 
 compositum et laxans — d. de Salsepareille com- 
 posee, Decoctum sarsaparillse compositum — d. of 
 Sarsaparilla, Decoctum sarsaparillse — d. of Sar- 
 saparilla, compound, Decoctum sarsaparillse com- 
 positum — d. of Sarsaparilla,, false, Decoctum ara- 
 liaj nudicaulis — d. of Squill, Decoctum seillae — d. 
 of Tormentil, Decoctum Tormentillse — d. of Uva 
 ursi, Decoctum uvse ursi — d. of the Woods, De- 
 coctum Guaiaci compositum — d. of Woody night- 
 shade, Decoctum dulcamarse — d. of Zittmann, 
 Decoctum Zittmanni. 
 
 DECOCTUM, Decoction — d. Album, Mistura 
 cornu usti. 
 
 Decoctum Al'oes Compos'itum, Decoctum 
 Aloes, Balsam of Life, Compound Decoction of 
 Aloes. {Ext. glyc. ^^ij. potass, earb. 3J> aloes, 
 tnyrrha contrit. : croci aa 3'SS) aqucB Diss (Imp. 
 meas.). Boil to Oj : strain, and add tinct. card. 
 c. §vij. Pharm. L.) The gum and extractive are 
 dissolved in this preparation. The alkali is added 
 to take up a little of the resin. The tincture pre- 
 vents it from spoiling. It is gently cathartic. 
 Dose, f3ss to 5ij. 
 
 Decoctum Alth^e'^, Mistura Althce'cB, D. 
 althcEm officina'lis : Decoction or Blixture of 
 MnrsJi-malloios, (F.) Decoction de Guimauve. 
 (Bad. althcBCB sice. ^iv. uvar. passar. ^ij, aqucB, 
 Ovij. Boil to Ov. Pour oif the clear liquor. 
 Pharm. E.) It is used as a demulcent. 
 
 Decoctum Ama'rum; Bitter Decoction. {Bad. 
 gent. 5J> aq»(B Oijss. Boil for a quarter of an 
 hour ,• add species amarcB ^U- Infuse for two 
 hours and filter, without expressing. Pharm. P.) 
 It is tonic. Dose, f§ss to ^^ij. 
 
 Decoctum Amyli, Mucilago amyli. 
 Decoctum Anthem'idis Nob'ilis, D. ChamcB- 
 me'li ; Decoction of Cham'omile. {Flor. anthe- 
 mid. nohil. ^j, sem, carui "^^y, aqua Ov. Boil 
 for fifteen minutes and strain. Pharm. E.) It 
 contains bitter extractive and essential oil, dis- 
 solved in water. It is used, occasionally, as a 
 vehicle for tonic powders, pills, <fec., and in fo- 
 mentations and glysters ; but for the last pur- 
 pose, warm water is equally efficacious. The 
 Dublin college has a compound decoction. 
 
 Decoctum Ara'i.i^ Nudicau'lis; Decocfion 
 of False Sarsapnrill'a. {AralicB nudicaul. ^vj, 
 aqucB Oviij. Digest for four hours, and then boil 
 to four pints : press out and strain the ^jecoction. 
 Former Ph. U. S.) It is used as a stomachic, 
 
 but it ,s an unnecessary and laborious prepa- 
 ration. 
 
 Decoctum Cas'si^; Decoction of Cassia. {Caa- 
 sicB pulp. 3ij, a.qu<B Oij. Boil for a few minutes, 
 filter without expression, and add syrup, violar. 
 5J, or manna pur. ^^ij- Pharm. P.) It is lax- 
 ative, in the dose of ^vj. 
 
 Decoctum Cetra'ri^, Decoctum Liche'nis Is- 
 land' ici. Decoction of Iceland Ifoss. {Getrar. ^ss, 
 aqucB Oiss. Boil to a pint, and strain with com- 
 pression. Ph. U. S.) It consists of bitter ex- 
 tractive and fecula, dissolved in water, and its 
 operation is tonic and demulcent. Dose, f^j to 
 5iv. It is also nutrient, but hardly worthy of 
 the rank of an officinal preparation. 
 
 Decoctum Cham^meli, Decoctum anthemidis 
 nobilis. 
 
 Decoctum Chimaph'iLjE, Decoction of Pipsis'- 
 sewa. {Ohimaph. contus. ^j, (t^kce Oiss. Boil to 
 a pint, and strain. Pharm. U. S.) A pint may 
 be given in the course of the twenty-four hours. 
 Decoctum CiNCHo'NyE, D. Cor'ticis Cinchonm 
 seu KincB Kince, Decoction of Cinchona or of 
 Bark. {Cinchou. cort. contus. §j, aqua Oj. Boil 
 for ten minutes, in a slightly-covered vessel, and 
 strain while hot. It contains quinia and resinous 
 extractive, dissolved in water. Long eoction oxy- 
 genates and precipitates the extractive. It can 
 be given, where the powder does not sit easy, 
 &c. Dose, f^j to 3iv. 
 
 The Pharraacoposia of the United States has a 
 Decoctum Cinchona flava. Decoction of yellow 
 bark, and a Decoctum Cinchona rubra, Decoction 
 of red bark, both of which are prepared as above. 
 The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Colleges 
 have a Decoctum Cinchona pallida, Decoction of 
 Pale Bark. 
 
 Decoctum Colom'b^ Compos'itum; Compound 
 Decoction of Colomba. {Colomb. contus., quassia, 
 aa ,^5'ji co>'t- aurant. %], rhej pulv. ^j, potassa 
 carbonat. ^ss, aqua ^xx. Boil to a pint, and 
 add tinct. lavand. f^ss. Former Ph. U. S.) 
 Given as a tonic, but not worthy an officinal 
 station. 
 
 Decoctum Commune pro Clystere, D. malvaj 
 compositum — d. Cornu cervini, Mistura cornu 
 usti. 
 
 Decoctum Coknus Flor'id^, Decoction of 
 Dogwood. {Cornus Florid, cont. §j, aqua Oj. 
 Boil for ten minutes in a covered vessel, and 
 strain while hot. Pharm. U. S.) Dose, f^iss. 
 
 Decoctum Cydo'ni>®, Mudla'go Sem'inis Cy- 
 do'nii Mali seu Sem'inum Cydonio'rum ; Decoc 
 tion or Mu'cilage of Quince seeds. {Cydonia 
 sem. ,5iji aqxia Oj. Boil for ten minutes over a 
 gentle fire, and strain. Pharm. L.) It is merely 
 a solution of mucilage in water, and is used as a 
 demulcent. 
 
 Decoctum Daphses Meze'rei, Decoctum Me- 
 ze'rei, Decoction of Meze'reon. {Blezerei, ^\}, 
 glycyrrh. eont. 5J, aqua Oij. Boil over a gentle 
 fire to Oiss, and strain. Ph. E.) The acrimony 
 of the mezereon and the saccharine mucilage of 
 the liquorice root are imparted to the water. It 
 is somewhat stimulant, and has been used in 
 secondary s_yphilis; but is devoid of power. 
 Dose, f^iij to ^vj. 
 
 Decoctum Diaphoreticum, D. Guaiaci compo- 
 situm — d. pro Enemate, D. malvfe compositum. 
 
 Decoctum Digita'lis, Decoction of Fox-(jl.ove. 
 (Fol. digit, sice. ^j. aqua q. s. ut colentur f3viij. 
 Let the liquor begin to boil over a slow fire, and 
 then remove it. Digest for fifteen minutes, and 
 strain. Pharm. D.) It possesses the properties 
 of the plant. Dose, fjij to ^'U- 
 
 Decoctum Dulcama'r^, Decocfion of Woody 
 Nightshade. {Dulcamara cont. ,^j, aqua Oiss. 
 Boil to Oj, and strain. Pharm. IT. S.) This de- 
 coction has been considered diuretic and diapho- 
 
DECOCTUM 
 
 279 
 
 DECOCTUM 
 
 retie, and has been administered extensively in 
 skin diseases. It is probably devoid of efficacy. 
 Decoctdm pro Fomento, D. papaveris. 
 Decoctum GEOFFRiE'jE Inerm'is J Decoction 
 of Cahbage-Tree Bark. (Cort. yeoffr. inermis, in 
 pulv. 3J, AqncB Oij. Boil over a slow fire to a 
 pint, and strain. Pharm. E.) It is possessed of 
 anthelmintic, purgative, and narcotic properties, 
 and has been chiefly used for the first of these 
 purposes. Dose, to children, f^ij — to adults, 
 f5ss to §ij. _ _ 
 
 Decoctum Guai'aci Compos'itum, D. Guaiaci 
 qfficina'iis compos'itum seu Ligno'rum seu de 
 Guyaco compos'itmn seu audorif icum seu diapho- 
 ret'icum; Compound decoction of Guaiacum, De- 
 coction of the Woods. {Lign. guaiac. rasur. 3''J' 
 fruct. sice, vitis vinifer. !^ij, rad. lauri. sassafr. 
 concis., rad. glyeyrrh. aa 5J, aqucB Ox. Boil the 
 Guaiacum and raisins over a slow fire to Ov : 
 adding the roots towards the end, then strain. 
 Pharm. E.) It is possessed of stimulant proper- 
 ties, and has been given in syphilitic, cutaneous, 
 and rheumatic affections. The resin of the 
 guaiacum is, however, insoluble in water, so that 
 the guaiac wood in it cannot be supposed to pos- 
 sess much, if any, effect. The Parisian Codex 
 has a 
 
 Decoctum de Guyaco Compos'itum et Pur- 
 GANS, (F.) Decoction de Gayac Composee et Pur- 
 gative j Compound purgative Decoction of Guai'- 
 acuni. [Lign. guaiac. rasp., rad. sarsap. aa ^], 
 potass, carbonat. gr. xxv. Macerate for twelve 
 hours, agitating occasionally, in water Oiv, until 
 there remain Oiij. Then infuse in it fol. senncB 
 ^ij, rhej ^j, lign. sassafr., glyeyrrh. rad. aa ^ij, 
 tem,. coriund. ^j. Strain gently, suffer it to settle, 
 tnd pour off the clear supernatant liquor. The 
 itle sufficiently indicates the properties of the 
 jomposition. 
 
 Decoctum Hj5matox'yli, Decoction of Log- 
 wood. {Ilcemntoxyl. rasur. 5J) f?"® Oij. Boil 
 V) a. pint, and strain. Pharm. U. S.) 
 
 Decoctum Hellebori Albi, D. veratri. 
 
 Decoctum Hor'dei, Decoctum Hordei Dis'- 
 tichi, Ptis'ana Hippocrat'ica, Tipsa'ria, Tap- 
 sa'ria, Aqua Hordea'ta, Hydrocri'the, Barley 
 Water, Decoc'tion of Barley, (F.) Decoction 
 d'Orge, Tisane Commune. (Hord. ^ij, AqucR 
 Oivss. Wash the barley well, boil for a few 
 minutes in loater Oss : strain this, ancj throw it 
 away, and add the remainder, boiling. Boil to 
 Oij, and strain. Pharm. L.) It is nutritive and 
 demulcent, and is chiefly used as a common drink, 
 and in glysters. 
 
 Decoc'tum Hordei Compos'itum, Decoctum 
 pectora'le, Ilistu'ra Hor'dei, Ptis'ana commu'nis ; 
 Compound Decoction of Barley, (F.) Decoction 
 d'Orge composee. (Decoct, hord. Oij, cariccB 
 fruct. concis. ,^iiss, glyeyrrh, rad. concis. et con- 
 tus. ^vj, uvarum pass, demptis acinis. ^ijss, aqucB 
 Oj. Boil to Oij, and strain. Pharm. L.) It has 
 similar properties to the last. 
 
 Decoctum Kinje Kin^, D. Cinchonse. 
 
 Decoctum Kin^ KinjE Compos'itum et Lax- 
 ANS, Decoction de quinquina composee et laxative ; 
 Compound lax'ative decoction of Cinchona. ( Corf, 
 cinchon. ^j, aqucB Oij. Boil for a quarter of an 
 hour, remove it from the fire ; then infuse in it, 
 for half an hour, fol. senncB, sodm sul2)h. aa ^ij : 
 add syrup, de senna f ,^j.) Its title indicates its 
 properties. 
 
 Decoctum Lichenis Islandici, Decoctum Ce- 
 trarige — d. Lignorum, D. Guaiaci eompositum. 
 
 Decoctum Lini Compos'itum, Compound De- 
 toction of Flaxseed. {Lini ^j, Glycyrrhiz. con- 
 tus. ,^ss, aqu(E Oiss. Boil for ten minutes, and 
 strain. L'h. D.) 
 
 Decoctum MalvjE Compos'itum, Decoctum 
 pro enem'ate seu commu'ne pro clyste're ; Com- 
 
 pound Decoction of Ifallow, (F.) Decoction de 
 Mauve composee. {MalvcB exsicc. ^j, anthemid. 
 flor. exsicc. ^ss. aquae Oj. Boil for fifteen minutes 
 and strain.) It consists of bitter extractive, and 
 mucilage in water, and is chiefly used for clysters 
 and fomentations. It is unworthy a place in the 
 pharmacopceias. 
 
 Decoctum Mezbrei, D. daphnes mezerei. 
 
 Decoctum Papav'eris, Decoc'tum pro Fo- 
 men'to, Fotus commu'nis ; Decoction, of Poppy. 
 (Papav. somnif. capsul. concis. ,^iv, aqncB Oiv. 
 Boil for fifteen minutes, and strain. Pharm. L.) 
 It contains the narcotic principle of the poppy, 
 and mucilage in water: is anodyne and emol- 
 lient, and employed as such in fomentation, in 
 painful swellings, ulcers, <&c. 
 
 Decoctum Parei'r^e, Decoction of Pareira 
 Brava. (Pareir. brav. ^x, Aq. destillat Oiss, 
 (Imp. meas.) Boil to a pint and strain. Dose, 
 
 f^J to I'J- 
 
 Decoctum Pectorals, D. hordei eompositum 
 — d. Polygalae Senegas, D. Senega?. 
 
 Decoctum Quercus Ai.bje, D. QuercAs JRo'- 
 boris ; Decoction of White Oak. Bark. ( Quercus 
 cort. §j, aqucB Oiss. Boil to a pint, and strain. 
 Pharm. U. S.) It is astringent, and used as 
 such, in injections, in leueorrhcea, uterine hemor- 
 rhage, &c., as well as in the form of fomentation 
 to unhealthy tilcers. 
 
 Decoctum SarSjE, Decoctum Sarsaparillse. 
 
 Decoctum Sarsaparil'l^, D. Smi'lacis Sar- 
 saparillcB, D. Snrsm, D. SarzcB ; Decoction of 
 Sarsaparilla. (Sarsaparill. rad. concis. ^v, aq. 
 fervent. Oiv. (Imp. meas.) Macerate for four 
 hours near the fire, in a lightly-covered vessel; 
 then bruise the root; macerate again for two 
 hours: then boil to Oij, and strain. Pharm. L.) 
 It contains bitter extractive, and mucilage in 
 water; is demulcent, and has been used, although 
 it is doubtful with what efficacy, in the sequelae 
 of syphilis. Dose, f^iv to Oss. 
 
 Decoctum SarsaparillvE Compos'itum; Com- 
 pound Decoction of Sarsajjaril'la, (F.) Decoction 
 de Sahepareille Composee. (Sarsaparill. concis. 
 et contus. ^ vj, Sassafr. Cort. concis., Lign. Guaiac. 
 rasur.. Had. .Glycyrrhiz. contus., aa ^j, 3fezerei, 
 concis. ^iij' -43'"^ Oiv. Boil fifteen minutes, and 
 strain. I-'harm. U. S.) This is considered to be 
 possessed of analogous properties to the celebrated 
 Lisbon Diet-Drink, Decoc'tum Lusitan'ieum, which 
 it resembles in composition. 
 
 Decoctum Sarz^, Decoctum Sarsaparillse. 
 
 Decoctuai ScilL/E ; Decoction of Squill. (Scil- 
 IcB, ^uj, juniper. §iv, SenegcB, 5"ji Aquw Oiv. 
 Boil till one half the liquor is consumed; strain, 
 and add spirit of nitrous ether, f.^iv. Former 
 Pharm. V. S-) Dose, f^ss. 
 
 Decoctum Scopa'rii, Decoction of Broom, 
 (Scopar. exsiceat. ,^ss, (avoirdupois); Aqua Oss. 
 (imp. meas.) Boil for ten minutes and strain. 
 —Ph. D.) 
 
 Decoctum Scopa'rii Compos'itum, D. Scoparii 
 (Ph.E.), Compound Decoction of Broom (Scopar., 
 Junip. cont., Taraxac. eont., aa ^ss; Aq. destillat. 
 Oiss, (Imp. meas.) Boil to a pint, and strain. 
 Ph. L.) Dose, half a pint to a pint, in the day; 
 as a diuretic, in dropsy. 
 
 Decoctum Se^'bgje.D. Polyg'alcB Senegce ,- De- 
 coction of Senega. (Seneg. eont. ^j, oquce Oiss. 
 Boil to Oj, and strain. Ph. V. S.) It is reputed 
 to be diuretic, purgative, and stimulant, and has 
 been given in dropsy, rheumatism, &c. 
 
 Decoctum Smilacis Sarsaparill^, D. sarsa- 
 parilla; — d. Sudorificum, D. Guaiaci eompositum. 
 
 Decoctum Tarax'aci, Decoction of Dandeli'on. 
 (Taraxac. contus. ^^iv, aqua Oiss. (Imp. meas.) 
 Boil to a pint, nnd strain. Ph. L.) Dose fgiss. 
 
 Decoctum Tormentil'lve, Decoction of Tor. 
 mentil. ( Tormentil. cont. Jij, Aqnce destillat. Oiss. 
 
DECOLLATION 
 
 280 
 
 DEFENSIVUM 
 
 (Imp. meas.) Boil to a pint, and strain. Dose, 
 as an astringent, one or two fluid ounces. 
 
 Decoctdm Ulmi, D. Ulmi Campes'tris, Decoc- 
 tion of Elm Bark. ( Ulmi cort. recent, cont. §iiss, 
 aqucB Oij. (Imp. meas.) Boil to Oj, and strain. 
 Ph. L.) It is a reputed diuretic, and has been 
 used in lepra and herpes ; but, probably, has no 
 efficacy. Dose, f§iv to Oss. 
 
 Decoctum Uvjb Uksi, Decoction of uva ursi, 
 {UvcB ursi, ^}, aqua, f§xx. Boil to a pint and 
 strain. Ph. U. S.) Dose, f^iss. 
 
 Decoctum Vera'tri, Decoctum Helleh'ori alhi; 
 Decoction of White Hel'lehore. ( Veratri rad. 
 cont. 3J, aqucB Oij, sjnr. rec. f^ij. Boil the 
 watery decoction to Oj, and, when it is cold, add 
 the spirit. Pharm. L.) It is stimulant, acrid, 
 and cathartic; but is used only externally. It 
 is a useful wash in tinea ca^ntis, 2^sora, &o. 
 Should it excite intense pain on being applied, it 
 must be diluted. 
 
 Decoctum Zittman'ni, Zitt'mann's Decoction. 
 A most absurd farrago, extolled by Thcden in 
 venereal diseases, the formula for which, accord- 
 ing to Jourdan, " some blockheads have lately 
 reproduced among us as a novelty." It is com- 
 posed of sarsaparilla, pulvis stypticus, calomel 
 and cinnabar, boiled in ioaier with aniseed, fennel 
 seed, and liquorice root. A stronger and a weaker 
 decoction were directed by Zittmann. Formulae 
 for its preparation are contained in Jourdan's 
 Pharmacopoeia Universalis; and in Lincke's VoU- 
 standiges Recept-Taschenbuch. Leipz., 1841. 
 
 DECOLLA'TION, Decapita'tion, Decapnta' tio, 
 Ohtrunca'tio, from de and collum, ' the neck.' 
 The act of separating the head from the trunk, 
 by the section of the neck, as in cases of Kiystocia. 
 DECOLLEMENT, (P.) Deglutina'tio, (from 
 de and caller, 'to glue.') The state of an organ 
 that is separated from the surrounding parts, 
 owing to destruction of the areolar membrane 
 which united them. The skin is deeollee, i. e. 
 separated from the subjacent parts, by a burn, 
 subcutaneous abscess, &o. 
 
 DMCOLLEiMENT DU PLACENTA is the 
 separation or detachment of the whole or a part 
 of the placenta from the inner surface of the .ute- 
 rus. DecoUement, from de, 'from,' and collum, 
 ' the neck,' ohtrunca'tio, also means the separa- 
 tion of the head of the fcetus from the trunk, the 
 latter remaining in the uterus. 
 
 DECOLORA'TION, Decolora'tio, Discolora'- 
 tio, from de, ' from,' and colorare, coloratum, ' to 
 colour.' Loss of the natural colour; Parachro'sis. 
 Devoid of colour — Achroma'sia. 
 
 In Pharmacy, any process by which liquids, or 
 solids in solution, are deprived wholly or in part 
 of their colour, — as by bringing them in contact 
 with animal charcoal. 
 
 DEC03IP0SEE (P.), from de, 'from,' and 
 componere, compositum, ' to compose.' Deeom- 
 po'sed, Dissolu'tus. An epithet, applied to the 
 face when extensively changed in its expression 
 and colour; as in the choleric or moribund. 
 
 DECORTICA'TION, from de, 'from,' and 
 cortex, eorticis, ' bark.' An operation, which 
 consists in separating the bark from roots, 
 stalks, &c. 
 
 DECOS'TIS, Apleu'ros, from de, priv., and 
 casta, 'a rib.' One who has no ribs. 
 DECREMENTUM, Decline. 
 DECREPIT, see Decrepitude. 
 'DECF,.'E,F'ITVDE,Decrepitu'do,^tnsdecrep'i- 
 ta, Ul'tima senec'tus, Senec'ta decrcp' ita seu ex- 
 tre'ina seu summa seu ul'tima, from decrepitus, 
 (de, and crepere, crepitum, ' to creak,') 'very old.' 
 The last period of old age, and of human life ; 
 which ordinarily occurs about the eightieth year. 
 It may, however, be accelerated or protracted. 
 
 Its character consists in the progressive series 
 of phenomena which announce the approaching 
 extinction of life. One in this stage of existence 
 is said to be decrep'it, decrejy'ii^is, (P.) decrepit. 
 DECRETORII DIES, Critical days. 
 DEGU'BITUS, from decumbere, {de, and cit- 
 bere, cubitum, 'to lie,') 'to lie down.' Cuba'tio. 
 Lying down. Assuming the horizontal posture, 
 cu'bitus supi'nus ; (P.) Coucher. Hora decubitus, 
 ' at bed time.' The French say — Decubitus hori- 
 zontal, sur le dos, sur le cote, for, lying in the 
 horizontal posture, on the back or side. 
 
 DECURTA'TUS, nuovpo?, or iitiovpii,(,>v, from 
 de, and curtus, 'short,' 'shortened, curtailed,' 
 'running to a point.' When applied to the pulse, 
 it signifies a progressive diminution in the strength 
 of the arterial pulsations, which, at last, cease. 
 If the pulsations return and gradually acquire all 
 their strength, it is called Pulsus dccurta'tua re- 
 cipi'rocAis. — Galen. 
 
 DECUSSATIO, Decussation — d. Pyramidum, 
 see Corpora pyramidalia. 
 
 DECUSSA'TION, Decussa'tio, Chias'mos, In- 
 crucia'tio, Intersec'tio, Intricatu'ra, from decuseis, 
 that is, decem asses ; also, the figure of the letter 
 X. Union in the shape of an X or cross. Ana- 
 tomists use this term chiefly in the case of the 
 nerves — as the decussation of the opitic nerves, 
 which cross each other within the cranium. 
 
 Decussation of the Pyramids, see Corpora 
 pyramidalia. 
 
 DECUSSO'RIUM, from decutio, decussum, {de, 
 and quatio,) 'I shake down,' (P.) Decussoire. 
 An instrument used by the ancients, for depress- 
 ing the dura mater, and facilitating the exit of 
 substances eifused on or under that membrane. 
 It is described by Scultetus, Pare, &c. See 
 Meningophylax. 
 
 DEDAIGNEUX, Rectus superior oculi. 
 DEDE. Death. 
 
 DEDENTITION, see Dentition. 
 DEDOLA'TION, Dedola'tio, from dedolare,{de, 
 and dolare, dolatum,) ' to cut and hew with an 
 axe.' This word has been used by surgeons to 
 express the action by which a cutting instrument 
 divides obliquely any part of the body, and pro- 
 duces a wound with loss of substance. It is com- 
 monly on the head, that wounds by dedolation 
 are observed. When there was a complete sepa- 
 ration of a portion of the bone of the cranium, 
 the ancients called it Aposceparnis'invs. 
 DEERBALLS, Elaphomyces granulatus. 
 DEERBERRY, Gaultheria, Vaccinium stami- 
 neum. 
 
 DBERFOOD, Brasenia hydropeltis. 
 DEERS' TEARS, Bezoar of the Deer. 
 DEFATLLANCE, Syncope. 
 DEFECATION, Defmea'tio, from de, and fax, 
 PL fcBces, 'excrement.' The act by which the 
 excrement is extruded from the body. Caca'tio, 
 Excre'tio alei seu alvi'na seu facuni alvina'rum, 
 Dejec'tio alvi, Seces'sio, Expul'sio seu Ejec'tio 
 fcBCum, Apago'ge, Hypochore' sis, Ecchore'sis, Ec- 
 copro'sis, Eges'tio. The fasces generally accumu- 
 late in the colon, being prevented by the annuliis 
 at the top of the rectum from descending freely 
 into that intestine. In producing evacuations, 
 therefore, in obstinate constipation, it is well, by 
 means of a long tube, to throw the injection into 
 the colon. 
 
 In Pharmacy, defecation means the separation 
 of any substance from a liquid in which it may 
 be suspended. See Clarification. 
 DEFECTIO ANIMI, Syncope. 
 DEPECTUS LOQUEL.*, Aphonia— d. Ve- 
 neris, Anaphrodisia. 
 
 DEPENSI'VUM, from defendere, defensum, 
 'to defend,' (F.) Defensif. A preservative or de- 
 fence. The old surgeons gave this name to dif- 
 
DEFERENS 
 
 281 
 
 DELAPSIO 
 
 ferent local applications, made to diseased parts, 
 fur the purpose of guarding them from the im- 
 pression of extraneous bodies, and particularly 
 from the contact of air. 
 
 DEF'ERENS, from defero, (de, and /en-e,) 'I 
 bear away,' 'I transport.' 
 
 Deferens, Vas, Buctus seu Cana'lis deferens, 
 Vibra'tor, (F.) Conduit spermatique, Canal seu 
 Conduit deferent, is the excretory canal of the 
 sperm, which arises from the epididymis, de- 
 scribes numerous convolutions, and with the ves- 
 sels and nerves of the testicle concurs in the for- 
 mation of the spermatic chord, enters the abdo- 
 minal ring, and terminates in the ejaculatory 
 duct. 
 
 DEFIBRINATED, Defibrinized. 
 DEFIBRINATION, see Defibrinized. 
 DEFIB'RINIZED, (F.) Defihrine, Befih'ri- 
 nated. From de, a.nd Jibrin. Deprived of fibrin. 
 A term applied to blood from which the fibrin 
 has been removed, as by whipping. The act of 
 removing fibrin from the blood has been termed 
 defibrination. 
 
 DEFIGURATIO, Deformation. 
 DEFLAGRA'TION, Deflagra'tio, from defla- 
 grare, (de, and flagrare, fiagratum, ' to burn,') 
 'to set on fire.' In pharmacy, the rapid combus- 
 tion of a substance with flame; great elevation 
 of temperature ; violent motion, and more or less 
 noise. Thus, we speak of the deflagration of 
 nitrate, and of chlorate, of potassa, of gun- 
 powder, &c. 
 
 DEFLECTEXS, Derivative. 
 DEFLECTIO, Derivation. 
 DEFLORATION, Stuprum. 
 Deflora'tion, Depucila'tion, Depitdiea' tion, 
 Devirgina'tion, Deflora'tio, Devirgina'tio, Tir'- 
 ginis vitia'tio, Yirgin'itaa de flora' ta, from deflo- 
 rescere, [de, and Jiorescere,) 'to shed flowers.' 
 The act of depriving a female of her virginity. 
 Inspection of the parts is the chief criterion of de- 
 floration having been forcibly accomplished; yet 
 inquiry must be made, whether the injury may 
 not have been caused by another body than the 
 male organ. Recent defloration is infinitely more 
 easy of detection than where some time has 
 elapsed. 
 
 DEFLUVIUM, Aporrhoea — d. Capillorum, 
 Alopecia — d. Pilorum, Alopecia. 
 
 DEFLUXIO, Catarrh, Deflusion, Diarrhoea— 
 d. Catarrhalis. Influenza. 
 
 DEFLUX'ION, Beflux'io, [de, and fluere, 
 fluxum, ' to flow.') Deflux'ua, Catar'rliysis, Hy- 
 'por'rhyna, Catar'rhus. A falling down of hu- 
 mours from a superior to an inferior part. It is 
 sometimes used synonymously with inflammation. 
 DEFLUXUS DYSENTERICUS, Dysentery. 
 DEFORMA'TION, Beformatio, Cacomor'pAia, 
 Cacomorpho' ais, Byamor' jjlie, Bysmor'phia, Bya- 
 morpho'aia, Beform' itaa, Inform'itaa, Befigura'tioj 
 Bisflgura'tion, Beform'ity, (F.) Bifformite, from 
 de, aud/orma. Morbid alteration in the form 
 of some part of the body, as of the head, pelvis, 
 spine, &c. A deformity may be natural or acci- 
 dental. 
 
 DE'FRUTUM, {ot Befervitum, (de, and ferveo, 
 ' I boil.') (F.) Vin cuit. Grape must, boiled 
 down to one half and used as a sweetmeat. — Plin. 
 Columell. Isidor. See Rob. 
 
 DEFURFURATIO, see Desquamation. 
 DEFUSIO, Decantation. 
 
 DEGENERATIO, Degeneration — d. Adiposa 
 Cordis, Steatosis cordis. 
 
 DEGENERA'TION, Begeneratio, Notheu'ais, 
 Nothi'a, from degener, ' unlike one's ancestors,' 
 (de, and genus, generis, ' family,') Begen'eracy, 
 (F.) Begenerution, Abatardiaaement. A change 
 for the worse — degradation — in the intimate com- 
 position of the solids or fluids of the body. In 
 
 pathological anatomy, degeneration means the 
 change which occurs in the structure of an organ, 
 when transformed into a matter essentially mor- 
 bid; as a cancerous, or tubercular, degeneration. 
 
 Begenereacence is, by the French pathologists, 
 employed synonymously with Degeneration. 
 
 BEGENERESCENCE, Degen eration — d. 
 Graisaeuse du Foie, Adiposis hepatica — d. Gra- 
 nulee du Rein, Kidney, Bright's disease of the — 
 d. Noire, Melanosis. 
 
 DEGLUTINATIO, BecoUement. 
 DEGLUTITIO, Deglutition— d. Difficilis, Dys- 
 phagia — d. Impedita, Dysphagia — d. Lffisa, Dys- 
 phagia. 
 
 DF,GTA]T1T"10'N, Deglutif'io, Cafap'oaia, from 
 de, and glutire, glutitum, 'to swallow.' The act 
 by which substances are passed from the mouth 
 into the stomach, through the pharynx and oeso- 
 phagus. It is one of a complicated character, 
 and requires the aid of a considerable number of 
 muscles; the first step being voluntarj-, the re- 
 mainder executed under spinal and involuntary 
 nervous influence. 
 
 DEGMUS, Bexis, Morsus, (F.) Moraure, — a. 
 bite in general, Aijyiios, from Oikvu), '1 bite.' A 
 gnawing sensation about the upper orifice of the 
 stomach, which was once attributed to acrimonj 
 of the liquids contained in that viscus. 
 BEG0RGE3IENT, Disgorgement. 
 BE GOUT, Disgust. 
 DEGRADATION, Degeneration. 
 DEGREE', from degre, originally from gradtis, 
 'a step.' A title conferred by a college, — as the 
 ' degree of Doctor of Medicine.' Galen used this 
 expression to indicate the qualities of certain 
 drugs. Both he and his school admitted cold, 
 warm, moist, and dry medicines, and four dif- 
 ferent ' degrees' of each of those qualities. Thus, > 
 Apium was warm in the first degree, Agrimony 
 in the second, Roche Alum in the third, and Gar- 
 lic in the fourth. Bedegar was cold in the first, 
 the flower of the Pomegranate in the second, the 
 Sempervivum in the third, Opium in the fourth, 
 &c. The French use the term degre to indicate, 
 1. The intensity of an afi"ection : as a burn of the 
 first, second, third degree, &c. 2. The particular 
 stage of an incurable disease, as the third degree 
 of phthisis, cancer of the stomach, <tc. 
 
 DEGUSTA'TION, Beguata'tio, from de, and 
 gustare, gustatum, ' to taste.' Gustation. The 
 appreciation of sapid qualities by the gustatory 
 organs. 
 
 DEHIS'CENCE, Behiscen'tia, from dehiscere 
 (de, and hiscere 'to gape'), 'to break open in 
 chinks.' Separation of a shut organ along the 
 i line of union. A regular and determinate sepa- 
 ration, which takes place in a shut organ. 
 DEICTICOS, Index. 
 DEID, Death. 
 
 DEIL'S SNUFFBOX, Lvcoperdon. 
 DEIRONCUS, Bronchocele. 
 DEJECTEDNESS, Depression. 
 DEJECTIO ALYI, Defecation — d. Alvina, 
 Excrement. 
 
 DEJECTION, from dejicere, dejectum. (de, 
 &r\d jacere.) 'to cast down.' Dejec'tio, Subduc'tio, 
 Hypago'ge, Hypoehore'sis, Hypechore'ais, Apop'- 
 atua, Hypop' atua, Hypoph'ora. The expulsion of 
 the feces; — Ejec'tio, Egea'tio. Also, a faecal dis- 
 charge or stool, — generally, however, with alvine 
 prefixed, — as an alvine Dejection, Alvus vir'idia, 
 Bejectio alvi'na. Also depression of spirits. 
 DEJECTIONES NIGR^, Mela^na. 
 DE.TECTORIUM, Cathartic. 
 DELACRYMATIO. Epiphora. 
 DELACRYMATIVUS, Apodacryticus. 
 DELAPSIO, Prolapsus. 
 
DELAPSUS 
 
 282 
 
 DELPHINIUM 
 
 DELAPSUS, Prolapsus — d. Palpebrte, Ble- 
 pharoptosis. 
 
 DELATIO, Indication. 
 
 DEL A YANTS, Diluentia. 
 
 DELCROIX'S DEPILATORY, see Depila- 
 tory, CoUey's. 
 
 DELETE'RIOUS, Belete'rim, Pernicio'sus, 
 (F.) De.le.tere, Pernicieux, from iij^Eii), ' I injure.' 
 That which produces destructive disorder in the 
 exercise and harmony of the functions. 
 
 DELETERIUM, Poison. 
 
 DELIERET, Delirious. 
 
 DELIGATIO, Deligation, Ligature, see Ban- 
 dage. 
 
 DELIGA'TION, Delign'tio, Epidei'sis, Deli- 
 gatu'ra, Vul'nei-um deliga'tio seu vinctu'ra, Fa-i- 
 cia'rum Applica' tio,Plaga' rum Vinctu'ra, Fascia'- 
 tio, from deligare, deligatum, (de, and ligo,) 'to 
 bind.' The deligation of wounds formerly em- 
 braced the application of apparatus, dressings, 
 See., — the denomination Deliga'tor Plaga'rum 
 being synonymous with Medicus Vulnera'rius, 
 and in derivation, with the Wundarzt, 'wound 
 physician' or surgeon, of the Germans. Deliga- 
 tion is hardly ever used now as an English word. 
 In France, it is applied to the regular and me- 
 thodical application of bandages, and to the 
 ligature of arteries. 
 
 DELIGATURA, Deligation. 
 
 DELIQUES'CENT, Deliques'cens, from deU- 
 quescere, (de and liquescere,) 'to melt,' 'to dis- 
 solve.' Any salt which becomes liquid by attract- 
 ing moisture from the air. The deliquescent 
 salts require to be kept in bottles, well stopped. 
 Chloride of lime, acetate of potassa, and carbonate 
 of potassa, are examples of such salts. The an- 
 cient chemists expressed the condition of a body, 
 which had become liquid in this manner, by the 
 word Deliquium. 
 
 DELIQUIUM ANIMI, Syncope. 
 
 DELIRAMENTUM, Delirium. 
 
 DELIRANS, Delirious. 
 
 DEL [RANT, Delirious. 
 
 DELIRATIO, Delirium — d. Senum, see De- 
 mentia. 
 
 DELIRE, Delirium — d. Ompnleux, Delirium 
 tremens — d. des Ivrognes, Delirium tremens — d. 
 NerveuK, Delirium nervosum. 
 
 DELIRE DES PERSECUTIONS. Mania, 
 in which the morbid hallucination is, that the 
 individual is persecuted. 
 
 DELIRE TRAUMATIQVE, Delirium nervo- 
 sum — d. Tremhlant; Delirium tremens. 
 
 DELIRIA, Insanity. 
 
 DELIRIE, Delirious. 
 
 DBLIR'IOUS. Same etymon as Delirium. 
 Deli'rans, Deli'rus, Excerehra'tus, AUoch'oos, 
 Alie'nus, Parale'rus, Raving, (Sc.) Delieret, 
 Delirie, (F.) Delirant. One who is in a state of 
 delirium. That which is attended by delirium. 
 The French use the term Fievre pernicieuse deli- 
 rante for a febrile intermittent, in which delirium 
 is the predominant symptom. 
 
 DELIR'IUM, from de, 'from,' and lira, 'a, 
 ridge between two furrows' [?] : more probably 
 from de, and \nprifia, 'a silly saying or action.' 
 Parac'ope, Phreiii'tis, Phledoni'a, Desipien'tia, 
 Aphros'y lie, Paralere'ma, Paralere'sis, Para- 
 log"ia, Phanta'ain, Parapliros' yne, Emo'tio,Leros, 
 Parance' a, Alloph'asis, Delira'tio, Delirament'um, 
 (Se.) Ravery, Roving, (F.) Delire, JEgarement 
 d'esprit, &o.. Transport, Ideosynehysie. Stray- 
 ing from the rules of reason ; wandering of the 
 mind. Hippocrates used the word iiavia, mania, 
 for delirium sine febre, and the Greek words 
 given above for delirium cum febre. In different 
 authors, also, we find the words, Paraph'ora, Pa- 
 raph' rotes, Paraphrene' sis, Paraphreii'ia, Phrene'- 
 
 sis, Phreneti'asis, &c., for different kinds of de- 
 lirium. Delirium is usually symptomatic. 
 
 Delirium Ebriositatis, Drunken madness ; 
 also D. tremens — d. Epileptic, see Epilepsy — d. 
 Furiosum, Mania — d. Maniacum, Mania. 
 
 Delirium Nervosum, (F.) Delire nerveux ou 
 traumatique. A form of delirium which super- 
 venes after surgical operations, or severe in- 
 juries. 
 
 Delirium Potatorum, D. tremens — d. Tremi- 
 faciens, D. tremens — d. Senile, see Dementia. 
 
 Delirium Tremens, D. potato'rum seu ebri- 
 osita'tis seu tremifa'eiens seu vig"ilans, Ma'nia 
 d potu seu e temulentid, (Enomd'nia, Eretliis' mna 
 ebrioso' rum, Dipsoma' nia, Meningi'tis seu Phreni'- 
 tis potato'rum, Tromoma'nia, Tromoparanos'a, 
 Potoparanoc'a, Pototromoparance'a, (F.) Encepha- 
 lopathie crapideuse, Delire tremblant ou crapuleiix 
 ou des Ivrognes, Folie des Ivrognes ou Alcojlique. 
 A state of delirium and agitation, peculiar to 
 those addicted to spirituous liquors, with great 
 sleeplessness. It is preceded by indisposition, 
 hissitude, watchfulness, headach, and anorexia ; 
 the delirium and tremors, Tremor potato'rum, 
 most commonly recurring in paroxysms. It is 
 caused b_y the habitual and intemperate use of 
 ardent spirits or of opium or tobacco ; or rather 
 by abandoning them after prolonged use. The 
 treatment is various. Many have regarded sti- 
 mulants, with large doses of opium to induce 
 rest, to be indispensable. It is certain, however, 
 that the expectant system will often, if not gene- 
 rally, be successful ; and, it is probable, a cure 
 effected in this manner will be more permanent 
 than when produced by excitants. 
 
 DELIRUS, Delirious. 
 
 DELITESCENCE, see Repercussion. 
 
 DELITESCENTIA, see Repercussion. 
 
 DELIVER, (Prov.) lay, same etymon as the 
 next ' To put to bed.' To disburden of a child. 
 
 DELIVRANCE (F.), {de, and livrer, 'to set 
 free.') An expression, which, in common lan- 
 guage, signifies the action of delivering, lihera'tio, 
 but in the practice of obstetrics, means the ex- 
 trusion of the secundines, either spontaneously 
 or by the efforts of art. This completion of de- 
 livery — partus secunda'rius, secundina'rum ex- 
 pul'sio seu extrac'tio, is produced by the same 
 laws as the expulsion of the foetus. Sometimes, 
 the after-birth follows the child immediately; at 
 others, it is retained; and requires manual inter- 
 ference to remove it. The following are the 
 chief cases in which this becomes necessary. 1, 
 Intimate adhesion between the placenta and 
 paries of the uterus. 2. Spasmodic contraction 
 of the orifice of the uterus. 3. Hour-glass con- 
 traction. 4. Torpor or hemorrhage after the ex- 
 pulsion of the child, and, — 5. Insertion of the 
 placenta at the orifice of the uterus. 
 
 DELIVERY, Parturition — d. False, False 
 water. 
 
 DELIVRE, Secundines, 
 
 DELOCATIO, Luxatio. 
 
 DELPHINE, see Delphinium staphisagria. 
 
 DELPHININE, see Delphinium staphisagria. 
 
 DELPHIN'IUM, from Mcjif, or be\(j>Lv, 'a 
 dolphin,' which the flowers resemble. D. con- 
 sol'ida seu Seg"etnm sen Versic'olor, Calcitra'pa, 
 Consol'ida Rega'lis, Branching Larkspur, Staq- 
 gerweed. Ord. Ranunculaeese. Sex. Syst., Poly- 
 andria Trigynia. (F.) Piedd'alouette des champs. 
 It has been employed as a vermifuge. The 
 flowers have been used in ophthalmia, and the 
 seeds have the same property as those of Staves- 
 acre. 
 
 Delphinium Consolida, Delphinium — d. Se- 
 getum. Delphinium. 
 
 Delphin'ium Staphisa'gria. The systematic 
 
DELPHYS 
 
 283 
 
 DENGUE 
 
 name of the Staves' acre, Staphisagria, Phtheiroc'- 
 ionum, Phthei'rhim, Staphis, Pedicula'ria, (F.) 
 Staphisaigre, Herbe aux Poux, BnvphineUe. 
 The seeds, Staphisagria, (Ph. L. and E.) have a 
 disagreeable smell ; a nauseous, bitterish, hot 
 taste ; and are cathartic, emetic, and vermifuge : 
 owing, however, to the violence of their opera- 
 tion, they are seldom given internally, and are 
 chiefly used in powder, mixed with hair powder, 
 to destroy lice. The active principle of this 
 plant has been separated, and received the name 
 Delphin'ia, (F.) Delphine, Belphinine. It is ex- 
 tremely acrid, and has been recently used, like 
 veratria, in tic douloureux, paralysis and rheu- 
 matism. It is used in the form of ointment, or 
 in solution in alcohol, (gr. x to xxx, or more, to 
 ^j,) applied externally. 
 
 Delphinium Vehsicolok, Delphinium. 
 DELPHYS, Uterus, Vulva. 
 DELTA, Vulva. 
 DELTIFORMIS, Deltoid. 
 DEL'TOID, DeltoVdes, Delto'des, Beltoideus, 
 Beltiform'is, (F.) Deltoide, from the Greek capi- 
 tal letter A, ^cAra, and £ii5o;, 'resemblance.' Sotis- 
 acromio-clavi-humeral oi Dumas; Sns-acromio- 
 humeral of Chaussier. A triangular muscle 
 forming the fleshy part of the shoulder, and 
 covering the shoulder-joint. It extends from the 
 outer third of the clavicle, from the acromion 
 and spine of the scapula, to near the middle and 
 outer part of the os humeri, where it is inserted 
 by means of a strong tendon. This muscle 
 raises the arm directly upwards, when the shoul- 
 der is fixed, and carries it anteriorlj' or poste- 
 riorly, according to the direction of the fibres, 
 which are thrown into action. If the arm be 
 rendered immovable, the deltoid acts inversely 
 and depresses the shoulder. 
 DELTOIDE, Deltoid. 
 DELUSION, Hallucination. 
 DEM EL MUCA. A name given by Prosper 
 Alpiuus to a disease, which, he says, is proper to 
 Egypt. He considers it to be inflammation of the 
 brain ; but others describe it as a pernicious in- 
 termittent. 
 
 DEMAGNETIZ A'T ION, Demagnetisa'tio. 
 The act of removing the condition of magneti- 
 zation. 
 
 I)E3IANGEAIS0N, Itching. 
 DEMANUS, Acheir. 
 
 DEMENCE, Dementia— rf. Innie, Idiotism. 
 DEMENTED, Insane. 
 
 DEMEN'TIA, ^weM7?a, Fatu'itas, Ance'a, 
 Anoe'sia, Denteranoe'a, Ecnce'a, Parance'a, Mo' - 
 ria demens, No'dstheni'a, IncoTie'rency, Tmbecil'- 
 ^ty, Incohe'rent Insanity/ from de, 'from,' or 
 'out of,' and wens, mentis, 'mind,' or 'reason,' 
 (F.) Demence, JBetise. In common parlance, and 
 even in legal language, this word is synonymous 
 with insanity. Physicians, however, have applied 
 it to those cases of unsound mind which are cha- 
 racterized by a total loss of the faculty of thought, 
 or by such an imbecility of intellect that the 
 ideas are extremely incoherent, there being at 
 the same time a total loss of the power of rea- 
 soning. Mania and melancholy are apt to end 
 in this, if possible, more deplorable state. Dotage 
 is the Dementia of the aged — Ilo'ria demens lere'- 
 ma, Lere'wa, Lere'sis, Lerus, Delira'tio Senum, 
 Amen'tia Seni'lis, Pueril'itas, Delir'iiim Seni'le, 
 Anil'itaa, Senile Insan'ity, Senile Dementia, In- 
 sanity of the aged, [S>o.)Doittrie, — a form of moral 
 insanity, in which the whole moral character of 
 the individual is changed. 
 
 Dementia Accibentalis, see Lunatic — d. Ad- 
 ventitia, see Lunatic — d. Naturalis, Idiotism — d. 
 Paralytica, Paralysis of the Insane. 
 
 DEMI, Semi — d. Bain, Semicupium — d. Cireii- 
 
 laire, Semi-circular — d. Epineux, Semi-spinalis 
 colli — d. Epineux du dos, Semi-spinalis dorsi — • 
 d. Gantelet, Gantelet — d. Inferrossenx du pouc.e, 
 Flexor brevis poUicis manus — d. Lunaire, Semi- 
 lunar — d. Memhraneux, Semi-inembranosus — d. 
 Nerveux, Semitendinosus — d. Orbicularis, Orbicu- 
 laris oris — d. Tendineux, Semi-tendinosus — d. 
 Tierce, Hemitrittea (febris). 
 DEMISSIO ANIMI, Depression. 
 DEMISSOR, Catheter. 
 
 DE'MODEX FOLLICULO'RUM.C^wof, 'lard,' 
 and ^)?f, 'a boring worm,') Acarus folliculurum. 
 
 DEMONOMA'NIA, Drnmonomania, Theoma'- 
 nia, Entheoma'nia, from iaiyncv, ' demon,' a spirit 
 of good or evil, and jxavia, 'madness. A variety 
 of madness, in which the person conceives him- 
 possessed of devils, and is in continual dread of 
 malignant spirits, the pains of hell, &c. Also, 
 religious insanity, Sebastoma'nia. 
 
 DEM'ONSTRATOR, from demonstrare, (de 
 and monstrare,) 'to show;' 'exhibit.' One who 
 exhibits. The index finger. See Digitus. 
 
 Dem'onstrator of Anat'omy. One who ex- 
 hibits the parts of the human body. A teacher 
 of practicnl anatomy. 
 
 DEMOTI'VUS LAPSUS, Repenti'na mors, 
 from demovere, (de and movere,) 'to move off,' 
 'remove,' and lapsus, ' a fall.' Sudden death. 
 
 DEMUL'CENTS, Demulccn'tia, Ivvohen'tia, 
 Ohvolven'tia, Luhrican'tia, from demnlcere [de, 
 and mnlcere,) 'to soothe,' 'to assuage.' (F.) 
 Adoucissants. Medicines supposed to be capable 
 of correcting certain acrid conditions imagined 
 to exist in the humours. Substances of a muci- 
 laginous or saccharine nature belong to this class. 
 Demulcents may act directly on the parts with 
 which they come in contact; but in other cases, 
 as in catarrh, their efl'ect is produced by con^ 
 tiguous sympathy; the top of the larynx being 
 soothed by them first, and indirectly the inflamed 
 portion of the air-passages. In diseases of the 
 urinary organs, they have no advantage over 
 simple diluents. — See Diluents and Emollients. 
 The following are demulcents; — Acacise Gummi; 
 Althsese Folia et Radix; Amygdala; Amylum; 
 Avenas Farina; Cera; Cetaceum ; Cydonite Se- 
 mina; Fucus Crispus ; Glycyrrhiza; Hordeum j 
 Lichen ; Linum ; Olivse Oleum ; Sassafras Medul- 
 la; Sesamum; Sevum ; Tragacantha, and Ulmus. 
 DEMUSCULA'TUS, from de, and masculus, 
 'a muscle.' (F.) Decharne. Emaciated, devoid 
 of flesh. 
 
 DENA'RIUS ; a Roman coin, equal in value 
 to about 10 cents, or 8 pence English. It was 
 marked with the letter X, to signify 10 asses. 
 Also, the 7th part of the Roman ounce. 
 DENDROLIBANUS, Rosmarinus. 
 DENERVATIO, Aponeurosis. 
 DEN'GUE, Dingee, Dunga, Dandy, Boucptet, 
 Bucket Fever, Ernp'tive artic'ular fever, E. rheu- 
 mat'ic fever, Breakhone, Neuralgic, Solar or Sun 
 Fever, Bheurnatis'mus febri'lis, Scarlati'na rhcn- 
 mat'ica, Exanthe'sis arthro'sia, Planta'ria, Febris 
 exanthemat'ica articula'ris, (P.) Giraffe. A dis- 
 ease, which first appeared in the years 1827 and 
 1828, in the West Indies, and in the southern 
 states of North America. It was extremely 
 violent in its symptoms, but not often fatal. It 
 usually commenced with great languor, chilliness, 
 and pain in the tendons about the smaller joints. 
 To these symptoms succeeded burning heat and 
 redness of the skin, pains in the muscles of the 
 limbs or in the forehead, with vomiting or nausea. 
 The fever continued for one, two or three days, 
 and usually terminated by copious perspiration. 
 In different places, it put on different appear- 
 ances ; but seems in all to have been a singular 
 variety of rheumatic fever. The usual antiphlo- 
 gistic treatment was adopted, and successfully. 
 
DENIACII 
 
 284 
 
 DENTIER 
 
 DENIACH, MINEKAL WATERS OF. De- 
 niach is a village in Swabia, at the entrance of 
 the Black Forest. The waters contain carbonic 
 acid, carbonate of iron, carbonate of lime, sul- 
 phate of magnesia, and carbonate of soda. 
 
 DBNIGRA'TIO, from denigrare, (de, and ni- 
 ger, 'black,') 'to become black.' The act of be- 
 coming black, as in cases of sphacelus, sugilla- 
 tion, ifec. 
 
 DENS, Tooth — d. Leonis, Leontodon taraxa- 
 cum. 
 
 Dens Pro'lifer. A term used by Bartholin 
 for a supernumerary tooth, which appears to 
 grow upon a primitive or parent tooth. 
 
 DENT, Tooth- — d. de Lion, Leontodon taraxa- 
 cum — d. de Sages^ie, see Dentition. 
 
 DENTAGOGUM, Dentagra. 
 
 DEN'TAGRA, Ben'ficeps, JJentar'paga, Benti- 
 du'cum, Dentic'tdum, Deiitago'gum, Denta'lxs for- 
 fex, Forfex denta'ria, Odonthar'2jaga, Odon'ta- 
 gra, Odontago'goii, from dens, dentis, 'a tooth,' 
 and aypa, 'a seizure.' (F.) Davier. A tooth- 
 forceps. 
 
 BENTAIRE, Dental. 
 
 DENTAL, Benfa'lis, Bentn' rius, Beniicida'tus, 
 (F.) Bentaire, from dens, dentis, 'a tooth.' That 
 ■which concerns the teeth. See Dentiformis. 
 
 Dental Arches, (F.) Arcades dentaires, are 
 the arches formed by the range of alveoli in each 
 jaw. 
 
 Dental Ar'teries are those arteries which 
 nourish the teeth. They proceed from several 
 sources. The teeth of the upper jaw, e. g., re- 
 ceive their arteries from the infraorbitar and 
 superior alveolar, — themselves branches of the 
 internal maxillary. The teeth of the lower jaw 
 receive their branches from the inferior dental 
 or inferior maxillary , which is given off by the 
 internal maxillary, and runs through the dental 
 canal, issuing at the mental foramen, after hav- 
 ing given numerous ramifications to the teeth 
 and jaw. 
 
 Dental Canals, (F.) Conduits dentaires, Max'- 
 illary canals. The bony canals, through which 
 the vessels and nerves pass to the interior of the 
 teeth. 
 
 Dental Cae'tilagb, Cartila'go denta'lis. The 
 cartilaginous elevation, divided by slight fissures, 
 on the biting margins of the gums in infants, 
 prior t(i dentition. It is a substitute for the teeth. 
 
 Dental Cav'ity, (F.) Cavite dentaire. A ca- 
 vity in the interior of the teeth in which is situate 
 the dental pulp. 
 
 Dental Excava'tor. An instrument for the 
 removal of the decayed part of a tooth, prepara- 
 tory to the operation of filling. 
 
 Dental Fol'licle, Follic'ulus seu Cap'sula 
 dentis, (F.) FoUicule dentaire. A membranous 
 follicle, formed of a double lamina, in which the 
 teeth are contained before they issue from the 
 alveoli, and which, consequently, aids in the for- 
 mation of the alveolo-dencal periosteum, and of 
 the membrane that envelops the pulp of the teeth. 
 The dental follicles are lodged in the substance 
 of the jaws. 
 
 Dental Gangrene, Caries Ben'tium, Odon- 
 talg"ia cario'sa, Odontonecro' sis, OdontospTiaceV - 
 isis, Odontosphacelis'mus, Necro'sis Ben'tium., 
 (F.) Carie des Dents. Gangrene or caries of the 
 teeth. See Caries. 
 
 Dental Nerves, (F.) Nerfs dentaires. Nerves 
 which pass to the teeth. Those of the upper in- 
 cisors and canine are furnished by the infra-or- 
 bitar nerve, a branch of the superior maxillary, 
 and those of the molars by the trunk of the 
 same nerve. The teeth of the lower jaw receive 
 the nerves from the inferior maxillary, which, as 
 well as the superior maxillary, arises from the 
 6th pair. 
 
 Dental Pulp, Ptdpa sen Nu'clcus seu Suh- 
 stan'tia pulpo'sa dentis, Germen denta'le, (F.) 
 Pulpie dentaire. A pultaceous substance, of a 
 reddish-gray colour, very soft and sensible, which 
 fills the cavity of the teeth. It is well supplied 
 with capillary vessels. 
 
 Dental Surgeon, Dentist. 
 
 Dental Veins have a similar distribution with 
 the arteries. 
 
 DENTALIS, Odontoid— d. Forfex, Dentagra. 
 
 DENTA'LIUM, from dens, dentis, 'a tooth,' 
 the dog-lihe tooth shell. A genus of shells in the 
 shape of a tooth. They formerly entered into 
 several pharmaceutical preparations, but were 
 useless ingredients; consisting — like shells in 
 general — of carbonate of lime and gelatin. 
 
 DENTARIA, Anthemis Pyrethrum, Plumbago 
 Europsea. 
 
 DENTARIUS, Dentist. 
 
 DENTARPAGA, Dentagra. 
 
 DENTATA VERTEBRA, Axis. 
 
 DENTATE, Benta'ted, Benta'tus, (F.) Dentele. 
 Cut in the shape of teeth. 
 
 BENTATURE, Digitation. 
 
 DENTATUS, Dentate. 
 
 BENTELAIRE, Plumbago Europtea. 
 
 DENTELARIA, Plumbago Europeea. 
 
 BEN TEL E,I)entSite — d.Anterieur p>etit,'Pefito- 
 ralis minor — d. Grand, Serratus magnus — d. Pos- 
 terieur et inferieur, petit, Serratus posticus infe- 
 rior — d. Sujjerieur, petit, Serratus posticus su- 
 perior. 
 
 BENTEL URE, Digitation. 
 
 DENTES, Teeth, see Tooth — d. Angulares, 
 Canine teeth — d. Bicuspidati, Molar teeth — d. 
 Bueeales, Molar teeth — d. Canini, Canine teeth — 
 d. Clavales, Molar teeth — d. Columellares, Canine 
 teeth — d. Ctenes, Incisive teeth — d. Cuspidati, 
 Canine teeth — d. Dichasteres, Incisive teeth — 
 d. Gelasini, Incisive teeth — d. Gomphii, Molar 
 teeth — d. Ineisores, Incisive teeth — d. Lactei, see 
 Dentition — d. Laniarii, Canine teeth — d. Maxil- 
 lares, Molar teeth — d. Molares, Molar teeth — d. 
 Mordentes, Canine teeth — d. Oeulares, Canine 
 teeth — d. Primores, Incisive teeth — d. Rasorii, 
 Incisive teeth — d. Sapientise, see Dentition — d. 
 Serotini, see Dentition — d. Sophroretici, see Den- 
 tition — d. Sophronistae, see Dentition — d. Soph- 
 ronisteres, see Dentition — d. Tomici, Incisive 
 teeth. 
 
 DENTICEPS, Dentagra, 
 
 DENTICOLA HOMIXIS, see Odontolithos. 
 
 DENTICULA'TUM, {Ligamentum,) diminu- 
 tive of dens, dentis, ' a tooth.' Ligamen'tum den- 
 ta'tum, 3Iembra'na denta'ta, (F.) Ligament dentele 
 on denticule. A slender cord, situate between 
 the anterior and posterior fasciculi of the spinal 
 nerves, and between the tunica arachnoidea and 
 pia mater. It is attached to the dura mater, 
 where that membrane issues from the cranium, 
 and accompanies the spinal marrow to its inferior 
 extremity. It sends off, from its outer edge, 
 about twenty slender processes, in the form of 
 denticuli, each of which passes outwards and con- 
 nects itself with the dura mater in the intervals 
 between the anterior and posterior roots of the 
 nerves. 
 
 DENTICULATUS, DentaL 
 
 DENTICULUM, Dentagra. 
 
 DENTICULUS, Crena. 
 
 DENTIDUCUM, Dentagra. 
 
 BEN TIER, (F.) from dens, dentis, 'a tooth.' 
 Benture. A set or row of teeth, mounted on 
 metal or ivory, to be adjusted to the alveolar 
 margin. Bentiers are simple or double. To the 
 latter, that is, to the full set, the name Ratelier 
 is given. 
 
DENTIFORM 
 
 DENTS BICUSPIDEES 
 
 DEX'TIFORM, Dentiform' h, from dens, dentii, 
 ' a tooth,' and/(j/v»a, 'form.' Resembling a tooth 
 in shape. 
 
 DEXTIFORMIS, Odontoid. 
 
 DEX'TIFRICE, Dentifric"iiim, Bemed'ium 
 denti/ric"ium, Odontotrim'ma, Odontosraeg'ma, 
 Tooth potcder, Tooth paste, from dens, dentis, ' a 
 tooth,' and fricare, ' to rub ;' a name given to dif- 
 ferent powders and pastes proper for cleansing 
 the enamel of the teeth, and removing the tartar 
 which covers them. Powdered bark and char- 
 coal, united to any acidulous salt — as cream of 
 tartar — form one of the most common dentifrices. 
 
 Electuaire ou Opiate Dentifrice, of the Parisian 
 Codex, consists of coral ^iv, cuttlefish bones and 
 cinnamon, aa ^ij, cochineal ^ss, honey gx, alum 
 gr. iv or v. 
 
 Poudre Dentifrice of the Codex is composed 
 of Pole Armeniac, red coral, [prepared,] and cut- 
 tlefish hones, aa ,^v-j, dragon's Mood Q^i], cochi- 
 neal 5J, cream of tartar ^is., cinnamon y ij, cloves, 
 gr. xij, well mixed. The one used by the author, 
 is composed of charcoal and orris root, each one 
 part; prepared chalk, two parts. 
 
 Charcoal, finely powdered and mixed with 
 chalk, forms as good a dentrifice as any. 
 
 DENTIG"EROUS, Den'tiyer, from dens, den- 
 tis, and gero, ' I carry.' Tooth carrying, as den- 
 tigerous cyst : one containing teeth. 
 
 DEXTILIOUN, Leontodon taraxacum. 
 
 DEN'TINAL, Dentina'lis, from dens, dentis, 
 'a tooth.' Relating to the dentine of the teeth. 
 
 DENTINE, see Tooth — d. Secondary, see 
 Tooth. 
 
 DENTISCAL'PIUM, from dens, dentis, 'a 
 tooth,' and sccdpere, 'to scrape.' Odonto' glyphnm. 
 This word has been applied to the instrument 
 used for scaling the teeth; to the tooth-pich, (F.) 
 Cure-dent ; and to the gum lancet, — the dechaus- 
 soir of the French. 
 
 DENT'IST, Dentis'ta, Odontia'ter, Denta'rius, 
 Dental Surgeon, Surgeon-Dentist, (F.) Dentiste, 
 from dens, dentis, 'a tooth.' One who devotes 
 himself to the study of the diseases of the teeth, 
 and their treatment. 
 
 DEN'TISTRY, Odontotech'ny, Odontiatri'a, 
 Odontotherapi'a, Dental Surgery, Same etymon. 
 The art of the dentist. 
 
 DENTITIO, Dentition— d. Diflacilis, Dysodon- 
 tiasis. 
 
 DENTIT'TON, Teething, Dentifio, Denti'tis, 
 Odontophy'ia, Odonti'asis, Odontn'sis, from den- 
 tire, [dens, dentis, 'a tooth,') 'to breed teeth.' 
 The exit of the teeth from the alveoli and gums; 
 or rather the phenomena which characterize the 
 different periods of their existence. The germs 
 of the first teeth, denies lac'tei or milJc teeth, (F.) 
 dens de lait, are visible in the foetus about the end 
 of the second month ; and they begin to be ossified 
 from the end of the third to that of the sixth 
 month. At birth, the corona of the incisors is 
 formed, but that of the canine is not completed; 
 and the tubercles of the molares are not yet all 
 united. Gradually the fang becomes developed; 
 and at about six or eight months begins what is 
 commonly called, the first dentit"ion, Odon'tia 
 dentitio'nis lactan'tium. The two middle incisors 
 of the lower jaw commonly appear first; and, 
 some time afterwards, those of the upper jaw; 
 afterwards, the two lateral incisors of the lower 
 jaw ; and then those of the upper, followed by 
 the four anterior molares ; the canine, or eye-teeth, 
 at first, those of the lower, and, afterwards, those 
 of the upper jaw, next appear; and, subse- 
 quently and successively, the first 4 molares — 2 
 above and 2 below. 1 on each side. The whole 
 number of the jjrimary, temporary, decid.uons, 
 ahedding or milk-teeth, [dentes temjiora'rii,) (F.) 
 Dents de lait, is now 20. 
 
 The eruption of the milk teeth takes place, ap- 
 proximately, in the following order: 
 
 Central incisors 6th to 8th month. 
 
 Lateral incisors 7th to 10th month. 
 
 First molar 12th to 14th month. 
 
 Canines 15th to 20th month. 
 
 Second molar 20th to 30th month. 
 
 The second dentition or shedding of the teeth , 
 odon'tia dentitio'nis pueri'lis, Dedentit"ion, be- 
 gins about the age of 6 or 7. The germs or mem- 
 branous follicles of these second teeth — to the 
 number of .32 — as well as the rudiments of the 
 teeth themselves, are visible, even in the foetus, 
 with the exception of those of the small molf-.res, 
 which do not appear till after birth. They are 
 contained in alveoli of the same shape as those 
 of the first dentition. Their ossification ci n- 
 mences at from 3 to 6 months after birth, in the 
 incisors and first molares; at eight or nine 
 months, in the canine; about three years, in the 
 molares; 3i in the second great molares, and 
 about 10 years in the last. As the alveolus cf fi 
 new tooth becomes gradually augmented, the 
 septum between it and that of the corresponding 
 milk tooth is absorbed, and disappears. The root 
 of the milk tooth is likewise absorbed; its corona 
 becomes loose and falls out, and all the first teeth 
 are gradually replaced by the permanent teeth, 
 Den'tes serot'ini. This second dentition becomes 
 necessary in consequence of the increased size 
 of the jaws. The new teeth have neither the 
 same direction nor the same shape as the old ; 
 and they are more numerous, amounting till the 
 age of 25, (sooner or later,) to 28. About this 
 period, a small molaris appears at the extremity 
 of each jaw, which is called Dens sapien'ticB or 
 wisdom tooth, loit tooth. Dens serot'imis, Dens so- 
 phroret'icus, D. aophronis'ta, D. sophronis'ler, 
 (F.) Arriere dent. Dent de sagesse, making the 
 whole number of permanent teeth 32. 
 
 The eruption of the permanent teeth is remark- 
 able for its general regularity; so that it consti- 
 tutes an important means for ascertaining the 
 age of the individual during the early period of 
 life. 
 
 First molars 7th year. 
 
 Central incisors 8th year. 
 
 Lateral incisors 9th j'ear. 
 
 First bicuspids 10th year. 
 
 Second bicuspids 11th year. 
 
 Canines 12th year. 
 
 Second molars 13th j'ear. 
 
 The teeth of the lower jaw precede by a few 
 weeks those of the upper. 
 
 During the period of dentition, that is, of the 
 first dentition, the infant is especially liable to 
 disease; — the irritation, produced by the pressure 
 of the tooth on the superincumbent gum, some- 
 times occasioning pj'rexia, convulsions, diarrhoea, 
 &c., which symptoms are often strikingly relieved 
 by a free division of the distended gum. This 
 disordered condition is called Teething, Odon'tia 
 dentitio'nis, Odonti'asis, Odontal'gia dentitio'nis, 
 Odaxis'mus. 
 
 DENTITIS, Dentition. 
 
 DENTIUM CORTEX, Enamel of the teeth— 
 d. Dolor, Odontalgia — d. Nitor, Enamel of the 
 teeth — d. Scalptura, (Lancing the gums,) see 
 Gum lancet — d. Vacillantia, Odontoseisis. 
 
 DENTO, from dens, dentis, ' a tooth. One 
 whose teeth are prominent. 
 
 DENTOIDEUS, Odontoid. 
 
 DENTS BICUSPIDEES, Bicuspid teeth— f/. 
 Col des, Collum dentium — d. Conoides. Canine 
 teeth — d. de Lait, see Dentition — d. 3Idchelieres, 
 Molar teeth — d. Molaires, Molar teeth — d. MuUi- 
 
DENTURE 
 
 286 
 
 DEPRESSOR 
 
 cuspideei, Molar teeth, great — d. (EiUi^res, Ca- 
 nine teeth. 
 
 DENTURE, Dentier. 
 
 DENUDA'TION, Denuda'tio, Gymno'sis, from 
 denudare, {de, and nudare, nudatum), 'to lay 
 bare.' Condition of a part, deprived of its natu- 
 ral coverings, whether by wounds, gangrene, or 
 abscess. It is particularly applied to the bones, 
 when deprived of their periosteum, and to the 
 teeth when they lose their enamel or dental sub- 
 stance, or when the gums recede from them, and 
 their sockets are destroyed. 
 
 DEOB'STRUENT, Deoh'strucns, Bephrac'ti- 
 ciun, Deojjpi'lans, Deoppilati' vum, Ecphrac'ttc, 
 from de, and obstruere, {ob, and struere,) 'to ob- 
 struct.' (F.) Desobsti-uant, Desobstructif, Desopi- 
 Intif, Besopilant. Medicines given with the view 
 of removing any obstruction. The word corre- 
 sponds to apierient, in its general, not in its par- 
 ticular sense. It is now almost abandoned, and, 
 when used, conveys by no means definite ideas. 
 DEODORIZER, Antibromic. 
 DEONTOL'OGY, Deontolog" ia ; from ra itovra, 
 'what are fitting or necessary,' and Xoyoi, 'a de- 
 scription.' A word introduced by Bentham to 
 signify morals, or the science of duties. 
 
 Med'ical Deontol'ogy, Deontoloy"ia med'ica, 
 (F.) Deontologie medicale, Medical ethics, 3/e- 
 dical etiquette. The duties and rights of medical 
 practitioners. 
 
 DEOPPILATIVUM, Deobstruent. 
 DEPASCENS, Phagedenic. 
 DAPAUPERATUS, Impoverished. 
 DEPERDITIO, Abortion. 
 DEPERISSEMENT, Emaciation. 
 DEPHRACTICUM, Deobstruent. 
 BEPILATIF, Depilatory. 
 DEPILATIO, Alopecia— d. Capitis, Calvities. 
 DEPILA'TION, Depila'tio, Drupacis'mus, 3Ia- 
 de'sis, Ilad'isis, Psilo'sis, from de, andp77i(s, ' hair.' 
 Loss of hair, either spontaneously or by art. 
 
 DEP'ILATORY, Depilato'rium, Dropax, Psi- 
 lo'thron, Ectillot'icus, Epilato'rium, (F.) Depila- 
 toire, Depilatif, Epilatoire. Same etymon. Any 
 thing which causes the loss of the hair. Depila- 
 tories are usually caustic applications, in which 
 quicklime or some other alkaline substance, sul- 
 phuret of iron, &c., enter. 
 
 Depilatory, Colley's, seems to consist of 
 quicklime and a portion of sulpJiuret of potassa. 
 
 Belcroix's dei)ilatory, and Plenck's depilatory, 
 have a similar composition. They all, probably, 
 contain arsenic, in the form of orpiment. The 
 following formula has been given for that of 
 Colley : quicklime, 30 parts ; soap lees, 125 parts ; 
 sulphur, 4 parts ; nitre, 4 parts ; orpiment, 12 parts. 
 Another depilatory by F. Boudet is formed of sie^- 
 phuret of sodium, 3 parts ; quicklime, in powder, 
 10 ; starch, 10 ; mix. Rub a little of this powder 
 with water; apply it to the part, and remove the 
 hair in a minute or two with a wooden knife. 
 Dorvault recommends the Depilatory of Martins, 
 which is a sulphuretted sulphuret of calcium ; 
 made by passing sulphohydrie acid into quicklime 
 to saturation. A little of this is applied to the 
 part, and in eight or ten minutes it becomes solid. 
 It must then be washed off with cold or hot wa- 
 ter, when the skin will be found denuded. An- 
 other, given by Redwood, is a strong solution 
 of the sulphuret of barium, made into a paste 
 with starch powder. It is used like the one ad- 
 vised by Boudet. Those that do not contain 
 arsenic are, of course, safer, 
 
 A pitch pilaster. Pitch-cap, is sometimes used 
 as a depilatory. It of course pulls the hair out 
 by the roots. 
 
 DE'PILIS, same etymon. Devoid of hair. 
 Hairless. 
 
 DEPLACEMENT DE LA CATARAOTE, 
 see Cataract 
 
 DEPLETIF, Depletory. 
 
 DEPLE'TION, Deple'tio, from depleo, deple- 
 tum, ' I unload.' The act of emptying or unload- 
 ing, for example, the vessels, by blood-letting 
 and the different evacuants. Also, inordinate 
 evacuation. 
 
 DEPLE'TORY, Deple'ting, (F.) Depletif. Hav- 
 ing relation to depletion — as 'a depiletory or de- 
 pleting agent.' 
 
 DEPLUMA'TIO, Ptilo'sis, from deplumis (de 
 and piluma), 'without feathers.' A disease of the 
 eyelids, in which they are swollen, and the eye- 
 lashes fall out. See Madarosis. 
 
 DEPOS'IT, Depos'itum, from depono, (de and 
 pono, posit um, 'to lay or put,') 'to lay or put 
 down.' (F.) Depot. Any thing laid or thrown 
 down. In physiology and pathology, a struc- 
 tureless substance, separated from the blood or 
 other fluid, as the typhous, tuberculous, purulent, 
 melanic, and diphtheritic deposits. 
 Deposit, Feculence. 
 
 DEPOS'ITIVE, Depositi'vus, same etymon. 
 An epithet used by Mr. Erasmus Wilson to express 
 that condition of the membrane in which plastic 
 Ij'mph is exuded into the tissue of the derma, so 
 as to give rise to the production of small hard 
 elevations of the skin, or pimples. Under "de- 
 positive inflammation of the derma," he comprises 
 strophulus, lichen, and prurigo. 
 
 DEPOT, Abscess, Sediment — d. Laiteuse sur 
 la Cuisse, Phlegmatia dolens — d. de l' Urine, Se- 
 diment of the urine. 
 
 DEPRAVA'TION, Deprava'tio, from de and 
 pravus, 'bad.' Perversion, corruption — as de- 
 pravation of the taste, &c. 
 
 DEPREHENSIO, Diagnosis, Epilepsy. 
 DEPRES'SION, Depres'sio, Impres'sio, from 
 deprimere, depressum [de and premere), ' to de- 
 press ;' Esphla'sis. In Anatomy, it means an 
 excavation, hollow, or fossa. In Surgery, it is 
 applied to a fracture of the cranium, in which 
 the portions of fractured bone are forced inwards ; 
 (F.) Subgrondation, Entablement ; called also, 
 Catapi'esis, Camp)sis Depres'sio, Thlasis Depres'- 
 sio. Depression, (F.) Abaissement, means Couch- 
 ing. — See Cataract. 
 
 Depression also means dejection or dejectednesa 
 — Ademon'ia, Ademo' syne, Demis'sio animi. 
 
 Depression, Nervous, Shock, nervous — d. 
 Vital, Shock, nervous. 
 
 DEPRESSOIRE, Meningophylax. 
 DEPRESS'OR, (F.) Abaisseur. Same etymon. 
 Several muscles have been so termed, because 
 they depress the parts on which they act. 
 
 Depressor Al^ Nasi, D. la'bii superio'ris 
 alaque nasi seu Labii superio'ris pro'prius, In- 
 cisi'vus me'dius, Myrtifor'mis, Const rieto' res ala'- 
 rum nasi ac depresso'res la'bii superio'ris, Maxillo- 
 alveoli-nasal ■ — ^part of the labtalis, (Ch.,) (F.) 
 Abaisseur de I'aile du nez. It arises from the 
 superior maxillary bone immediately above the 
 junction of the gums with the two incisor and 
 canine teeth ; and passes upwards to be inserted 
 into the upper lip and root of the ala nasi, which 
 it pulls downwards. 
 
 Depressor An'guli Oris, Triangula' ris, De- 
 pressor labio'rum commu'nis, D. labiorum, (F.) 
 Sousmaxillo-labial, Maxillo-labial (Ch.), Abais- 
 seur de I'angle des levres ou ihiscle Triangulaire. 
 A muscle, situate at the lower part of the face. 
 Its form is triangular. It arises from the outer 
 oblique line on the lower jawbone, and terminates 
 in a point at the commissure of the lips, which 
 it pulls downwards. 
 
 Depressor La'bii Inferio'ris ; Quadra'tus, 
 Q. Menti, Depressor labii inferio'ris pro'prius — 
 
DEPRESSORIUM 
 
 287 
 
 DERMATIATRIA 
 
 (F.) Mentonnier-lahial, Mento-labial (Ch.), Carre j 
 du 3Ienton, Houppe du Ilenton, Abaisseur de la 
 levre inferieure. A small, thin, and quadrilateral 
 muscle, which arises from the external oblique 
 line of the lower jaw, and ascends to the lower 
 lip, where it becomes confounded with the orbi- 
 cularis oris. It pulls the lower lip downwards 
 and outwards. 
 
 Depressor Labii Superioris Proprius, D. 
 Al» nasi — d. Labiorum communis, D. Anguli 
 oris — d. Oculi, Rectus inferior oculi. 
 
 Depressor Pal'pebr^ Inferio'ris. A fleshy 
 bundle, which forms part of the palpebralis 
 muscle. Heister describes it separately, but it is 
 not admitted now. 
 
 DEPRESSORIUM, Meningophylax. 
 DEPRIMENS AURICULiE, Retrahens auris 
 — d. Maxillae biventer, Digastricus — d. Oculi, 
 Rectus inferior oculi. 
 
 DEPRIMENTIA, Sedatives. 
 DEPUCILATION, Defloration. 
 DBPUDICATION, Defloration. 
 DEPURAN'TIA, from depurare {de and pu- 
 rus), 'to purify.' (F.) Bepurans, Bepurutifs. 
 Medicines were formerly so called, which were 
 supposed to possess the property of removing, 
 from the mass of blood or humours, those prin- 
 ciples which disturbed their purity ; and of di- 
 recting them towards some one of the natural 
 emunctories. The juices of what were called 
 anti-scorbutic herbs, sulphur, and many other 
 medicines, were ranked under this class. 
 DEPURATIFS, Depurantia. 
 DEPURA'TION, Bepura'tio. Same etymon. 
 Catharis'mos, llunda'tio. In Pathology, depura- 
 tion has been used for the process by which na- 
 ture purifies the animal economy, either by the 
 agency of some eruptive disease, or some sponta- 
 neous evacuation, or by the assistance of medi- 
 cine. See Clarification, and Depuratory. 
 DBPURATIVB, Depuratory. 
 DEP'URATORY. Same etymon. Bepurato'- 
 rius, Bepurative, (F.) Bepnratoire. That which 
 causes depuration, as the urinary and cutaneous 
 depurations. Applied, also, to diseases which 
 have been considered capable of modifying the 
 constitution advantageously, by acting on the 
 composition of the fluids — such as certain erup- 
 tions, intermittents, <&c. The word is, also, ap- 
 propriated to medicines and diet, by which the 
 same effect is sought to be induced. 
 
 DERADELPH'US, (F.) Beradelphe, from hpr,, 
 'the neck,' and aicKipo^, 'a brother.' A double 
 monocephalous monster, whose two trunks are 
 united above the umbilicus, and separated below. 
 — G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 DER'ADEN, from hpr), 'the neck,' and ahriv, 
 *a gland.' A gland in the neck. 
 
 DERADENI'TIS, from kp>h 'neck,' airiv, 'a 
 gland,' and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of the glands of the neck. 
 
 DBRADBNON'CUS, from hpr,, 'the neck,' 
 alnv, 'a gland,' and oyKog, 'a swelling.' Tume- 
 faction of the glands of the neck. 
 
 DERANENCEPHA'LIA, Thlipsencepha'lia, 
 from (5£pr7, 'neck,' and anencephalia, 'absence of 
 brain.' A monstrosity in which only a small 
 portion of the brain exists, resting on the cervi- 
 cal vertebrae — more properly derencepha'lia. — G. 
 St. Hilaire. According to Is. G. St. Hilaire, a 
 monstrosity characterized by the total absence 
 of encephalon, and of the medulla spinalis into 
 the cervical region. 
 DERANGED, Insane. 
 DE^RANGBMENT, Insanity. 
 BERATE (F.), Lie'ne priva'tus, from de and 
 rate, 'spleen.' Deprived of spleen; as by an 
 operation. 
 
 DERCH, Nanus. 
 
 DERBIA, Impetigo. 
 
 DERENCEPHALIA, Deranencephalia. 
 
 DERENCEPH'ALUS, from iipv, 'the neck,' 
 and KZ(paXt], 'head.' A monster whose brain is 
 in the neck. — G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 DERIS, Cutis. 
 
 DERIVANS, Derivative. 
 
 BERIVATIF, Derivative. 
 
 DERIVA'TION, Beriva'tio, Beflec'tio, Paro- 
 cheteu'sis, Antilep'sis, Antis'pasis, Revul'sion, 
 Cura derivati'va seu revulso'ria, from derivare, 
 derivatum, (de, and rivtis, 'a river,') 'to turn 
 water from its regular course.' When a 'centre 
 of fluxion' is established in a part, for the pur- 
 pose of abstracting the excited vital manifesta- 
 tions from some other, a derivation is operated. 
 
 The term Derivation has likewise been ap- 
 plied to the suction power of the heart — a 
 presumed agency in the circulation of the blood. 
 
 DERIVATIVE, Revel'lent, Revul'sive, Beflec'- 
 tens, Beri'vans, Berivato' rius, Antispas'ticus, Re- 
 vulsi'vus, Revulso'rius, (F.) Berivatif, Revulsif. 
 Same etymon. A remedy, which by producing 
 a modified action in some organ or texture derives 
 from the morbid condition of some other organ 
 or texture. Revellents are amongst the most im- 
 portant remedies : they include, indeed, every 
 physical and moral agent which is capable of 
 modifying the function of innervation, ond there- 
 fore almost every article of the materia medica. 
 The following is a list of the chief local Deriva- 
 tives : 
 
 1. Epispastics. — Acidum Aceticum, Acidum 
 Nitricum, Acidum Sulphuricum, Allium, Ammo- 
 nia, Ammoniacum, Asafoetida, Cantharis, Capsi- 
 cum, Galbanum, Olea Bssentialia, Pix Abietis, 
 Sinapis, Caloric, Friction. 
 
 2. Vesicants. — Ammonia, Argenti Nitras, Can- 
 tharis, Cantharis Vittata, Hydrargyri lodidum 
 rubrum. Ranunculus, Sinapis, Caloric. 
 
 3. Suppurants. — Acida Mineralia, Antimonii 
 et Potassffi Tartras, Cantharis, Mezereum, Pix 
 Abietis, Sabina, Tiglii Oleum, Fonticulus, Seta- 
 ceum. 
 
 4. — Escharotics. — A. Erodents. — Acidum 
 Aceticum, Acida Mineralia, Alumen Exsiccatum, 
 Argenti Nitras, Cupri Sub-Acetas, Cupri Sulphas, 
 Sabina, Saacharum Purissimum. 
 
 B. Actual Caateraiits. — Caloric, White Hot; 
 Iron, Moxa. 
 
 C. Potential Oauterants. — Acidum Arseniosum, 
 Acidum Nitricum, Acidum Sulphuricum, Anti- 
 monii Murias, Argenti Nitras, Calx, Potassa, 
 Potassa cum Calce, Zinci Chloridum. 
 
 DERIVATORIUS, Derivative. 
 
 DERMA, Cutis. 
 
 DERMAD, see Dermal Aspect. 
 
 DER.MAL, Bermic, Berma'Hs, Ber'micus, from 
 hpiia, 'the skin.' Relating or belonging to the 
 skin. 
 
 Dermal Aspect. An aspect towards the skin 
 or external surface. — Barclay. Bermad is used 
 adverbially by the same writer to signify 'to- 
 wards the dermal aspect.' 
 
 DERMAL'GIA, properly Bermatal'gia, Ber- 
 matodyn'ia, from itpy-a, 'the skin,' and a\yoi, 
 'pain.' Pain in the skin. Neuralgia of tho 
 skin. Rheumatic Bermalgia or Rheumatism of 
 the skin is a form of neuralgia, which is referred, 
 at times, to the nervous trunks, muscles, <fec., but 
 appears to be seated in the cutaneous nerves. 
 
 DERMATAGRA, Pellagra. 
 
 DERMATALGIA, Dermalgia. 
 
 DERMATANEU'RIA, Aderm oner' via, from 
 iepfia, hpparoq, 'skin,' a, priv., and viuooi', 'nerve.' 
 Paralysis or loss of sensibility of the- skin. 
 
 DERMATAUXE, Dermatophyma. 
 
 DERMATIATRI'A, from hpua, ScpiiaTos, 'skin. 
 
DERMATITIS 
 
 288 
 
 DESMOID 
 
 and tarpua, 'healing.' Healing of cutaneous dis- 
 eases. The treatment of diseases of the skin — 
 Diadermintri'a, Dermatocrati' a. 
 
 DERMATITIS, Cytitis, Erysipelatous inflam- 
 mation. 
 
 DERMATOCHOLOSIS, Icterus. 
 DERMATOCHYSIS, Anasarca. 
 DERMATOCRATIA, see Dermatiatria. 
 DERMATODES, Derraatoid. 
 DERMATODYXIA, Dermalgia. 
 DER'MATOID, Dermatot'des, Dermafo'des, 
 DermoVdes, Dermo'des, Dermoid, from Sepfta, 
 IcpjiaToi, 'the skin,' and ti^o;, 'form.' That which 
 is similar to the skin. This name is given to 
 different tissues, which resemble the skin. The 
 dura mater has been so called by some. 
 
 Morhi dermaio'des, chronic cutaneous diseases. 
 
 DERMATOL'OGY, Dermatolog^'ia, DermoV- 
 
 ogy, from iep/ia, izpiiaro;, ' the skin,' and Xoyog, 
 
 'a discourse.' A discourse or treatise of the skin. 
 
 DERMATOPATHIA. Cutaneous disease. 
 
 DERMATOPERISCLERISMUS, Induration 
 of the cellular tissue. 
 
 DERMATOPERISCLEROSIS, Induration of 
 the cellular tissue. 
 
 DERMATOPHILUS, CMque. 
 
 DERMATOPHY'MA, Dennataux'e, from Sep/ia, 
 Scpiiarog, 'skin,' and (fivyia, 'tumour.-' A tumefac- 
 tion of the skin. 
 
 DERMATOPHYMATA VENEREA, Condy- 
 lomata. 
 
 DERMATOPH'YTiE, properly Bermatoph' yti 
 [Morhi), from Sippia, Sspfiaro;, 'skin,' and 0iitov, 
 'a vegetable.' An order of cutaneous diseases, 
 including those that depend on, or are character- 
 ized by, the presence of parasitic plants. It is 
 made to include Porrigo and Sycosis. 
 
 DERMATORRHAG"IA, from Sspiia, Scpfiaroi, 
 'skin,' and pnyrj, 'rupture.' A discharge of blood 
 from the skin. 
 
 DERMATORRHCE'A, from Sep/ia, Sepfiaro;, 
 'skin,' and pea, ' I flow.' A morbidly increased 
 secretion from the skin. 
 
 DERMATOSCLEROSIS, Callosity. 
 
 DERMATOSES, Cutaneous diseases. 
 
 DERMATOSIES YEROLEUSES, SijpU- 
 lid.es. 
 
 DERMATOSPASMUS, Horrida cutis. 
 
 DERMATOTYLOMA, Callosity. 
 
 DERMATOTYLOSIS, Callosity. 
 
 DERMATOTYLUS, Callosity. 
 
 DERME, Cutis. 
 
 DERMIC, Der'micus, Dermat'icus, Dermat'i- 
 nuJi, Dermatic, Dermal, Derma'lisj from Sep/ia, 
 'skin.' Relating to the skin. 
 
 DERMITIS, Cytitis. 
 
 DERMODES, Dermatoid. 
 
 DERMOG'RAPHY,i?ermo^r^^^'ja, from ispfta, 
 'the skin,' and ypatpw, 'I describe.' An anato- 
 mical description of the skin. 
 
 DERMOH^^'MIA, from Stp^La, 'skin,' and 
 'ni/ia, 'blood.' Hyperaemia or congestion of the 
 skin. 
 
 DERMOID, Dermatoid. 
 
 DERMOLOGY, Dermatology. 
 
 DERM'OPHYTE, Der'matophyte, same ety- 
 mon. A parasitic vegetable growth on the skin. 
 
 DERMO-SKELETON, see Skeleton. 
 
 DERMO-SYPHTLIDES, Si/philides. ' 
 
 DERMOT'OMY, Dermotom'ia, from hpfia, 'the 
 skin,' and rtjivnv, 'to cut.' The part of anatomy 
 which treats of the structure of the skin. 
 
 DERODYMUS. Dicephalus. 
 
 DERONCUS, Bronchoeele. 
 
 DERTRON. This word, which is used by 
 Hippocrates, signified, according to some, the 
 omentum or peritoneum, but according to others, 
 the small intestine. See Epiploon. 
 
 DESALTERANTS, Refrigerants. 
 DESARTICULATIOX (P.), from de, and 
 articulus, 'a joint.' Disjointing. A word used 
 to express the part of the operation, in amputa- 
 tion at an articulation, which consists in dividing 
 the ligaments, and separating the articular sur- 
 faces. The word has, also, been used for that 
 kind of anatomical preparation, the object of 
 which is to separate the different bones of the 
 skeleton, and especially those of the head. 
 
 DESASSIMILATION, see Assimilation. 
 
 DESCALORINESES, from de, 'from,' and 
 calor, 'heat.' A name given by Baumes to dis- 
 eases which are characterized by diminished 
 heat. 
 
 DESCEMET, MEMBRANE OF, see Aqueous 
 Humour, and Cornea. 
 
 DESCEMETI'TIS. A term improperly formed, 
 and really signifying 'inflammation of Descemet.' 
 Inflammation of the membrane of Descemet. 
 
 DESCEXDENS NONI, see Hypoglossus. 
 
 DESCENSIO, Catabasis. 
 
 DESCENSUS, Catabasis — d. Testiculorum, 
 Orchido-eatabasis. 
 
 DESCENTE, Hernia — cZ. de la Matrice, Pro- 
 j cidentia uteri. 
 
 DE^SECTUS, Castratus. 
 
 DESENFL URE, Detumescenee. 
 
 DESHLER'S SALVE, Ceratum re.sinse compo- 
 situm. 
 
 DESICCANTIA, Desiceativa. 
 
 DESICCATIO, Draining— d. Herbarum, Dry- 
 ing of plants. 
 
 DESICCATION, Drying. 
 
 DESICCATI'VA, Desican'tia, Siccan'tia, Ex- 
 siccati'va, from desiccare, (de, and siccare, sicca- 
 titm, 'to dry,') 'to dry up.' (F.) Dessiccatifs. 
 Remedies, which, when applied externally, dry 
 up the humours or moisture from a wound. 
 
 DESINFECTANT, Disinfectant. 
 
 DESINFECTION, Disinfection. 
 
 DESIPIENTIA, Delirium. 
 
 DESIRE, Libido — d. Venereal, Appetite, vene- 
 real, see Libido. 
 
 DES'MA, Des'me, Des'mus. A bandage, a liga- 
 ment. Hence : 
 
 DESMATUR'GIA, from oziiia, 'bandage,' and 
 ipyov, 'work.' The doctrine of the application 
 of bandages. Bandaging. 
 
 DESMEDION, Fasciculus. 
 
 DESMEUX, Ligamentous. 
 
 DESMIOGNA'THUS, (F.) DesmiognatTie, from 
 SecTfiog, 'ligament,' and yvadog, 'jaw.' A double 
 parasitic monster. Order, Polygnathiens, charac- 
 terized by a supernumerary imperfect head, which 
 is united, under the neck, by muscular and cuta- 
 neous, but no bony attachments, to the principal 
 subject. 
 
 DESMI'TIS, DesmopMogo' sis, De8mopMog"ia, 
 from cidjirit 'a ligament,' and itis, denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of ligaments. 
 
 DESMOCHAUNO'SIS, from biciiog, 'ligament,' 
 and ■x^avvwnig, 'relaxation.' Relaxation of an ar- 
 ticular ligament. 
 
 DESMODYN'IA, from ^eo-^o?, 'ligament,' and 
 oSvvTj, 'pain.' Pain in the ligaments. 
 
 DESMOG'RAPHY, Desmograph'ia, from Sea- 
 fiog, 'a ligament,' and ypatpn, 'a description.' An 
 anatomical description of the ligaments. 
 
 DESMOID, Desmoules, Desmo'des, from Sea/iog, 
 'a ligament,' and ti^oj, 'resemblance.' Having 
 the character of, or resembling, ligament. 
 
 Desmoid Tissue, from h<jp.og, 'a ligament,' and 
 tiiog, 'shape.' Ligamen'tous Tissue, Textus des- 
 mo'sus. This tissue is very generally diffused 
 over the human body : has a very close connexion 
 with the areolar tissue, and is continuous with it 
 
DESMOLOGY 
 
 289 
 
 DEVELOPMENT 
 
 in divers places. It constitutes tlie ligaments, 
 aponeuroses, &c. 
 
 DESMOL'OGY, Besmoloc/'ia, from Scafios, 'a 
 ligament,' and )^oyoi, 'a discourse,' 'a treatise.' 
 That part of anatomy which describes the liga- 
 ments. 
 
 DESMOP'ATHY, Desmopatlii'a, from Scaiios, 
 'ligament,' and iraOos, 'disease.' Disease of the 
 ligaments. 
 
 DESxMOPIILOGIA, Desmitis. 
 
 DESMORRHEX'IS, from Seaixog, 'a ligament,' 
 and prints, 'rupture.' Rupture of an articular 
 ligament. 
 
 DESMOS, Ligament. 
 
 DESMOSUS, Ligamentous. 
 
 DESMOTOMY, Besmotom'ia, from li(7ixog, 'a 
 ligament,' and re/ivtiv, ' to cut.' The part of ana- 
 tomy which teaches the mode of dissecting the 
 ligaments. 
 
 BESOBSTRUANT, Deobstruent. 
 
 VESOBSTRUCTIF, Deobstruent. 
 
 DESOPILATIF, Deobstruent. 
 
 DESORGANISATION, Disorganization. 
 
 BESOXYGENESES, from de, and oxygen. 
 M. Baumes includes under this title an order of 
 diseases, which he considers dependent upon a 
 diminution in the quantity of the oxygen neces- 
 sary for the animal economy. 
 
 BESPOTATS (¥.). Infirm soldiers, formerly 
 charged with the office of removing the wounded 
 from the field of battle : perhaps from des2)orta- 
 tor, 'one who bears away.' The class of Besjio- 
 tats was introduced by Leo VI., at the commence- 
 ment of the 9th century. 
 
 DESPUMA'TION, Bespuma'tto, Apaphris'mos, , 
 Epaphris'mos, from deapumare, (de, and spuma,) 
 'to skim,' 'to remove the froth.' The separation 
 of the froth and other impurities, which rise, by 
 the action of the fire, to the surface of any fluid. 
 
 DESQUAMA'TION, Bescpiama'tio Cutis, Ec- 
 lep'isis, Aposi/r'ma, Apolep' isis, Apolcp)is'mtis, 
 Jloulting, from desquamare, {de, and sqiinma, 'a 
 scale,') 'to scale off.' Exfoliation, or separation 
 of the epidermis, in the form of scales, of a greater 
 or less size, Furfura'tio, Be.furfura'tio. This 
 affection is a common consequence of exanthema- 
 tous diseases. 
 
 DESQUAMATORIUS, Exfoliative. 
 BESSECHEMENT, Atrophy, Draining. 
 
 BESSWA TTFS, Desicativa. 
 
 BESSICCATION; Desiccation. 
 
 DESTILLATIO, Coryza, Distillation— d. Pec- 
 toris, Catarrh — d. Uteri, Leucorrhoea. 
 
 DBSTRUCTIO, Diaphthora. 
 
 DESUDA'TIO, EpJiidro'sis, Sudam'ina, ffi- 
 dro'a, from desndare, {de, and sudare,) 'to sweat.' 
 Besiidation means a profuse and inordinate sweat- 
 ing, a mucksweat; but, most commonly, the term 
 is applied to an eruption of small pimples, similar 
 to millet seed, which appears chiefly on children, 
 and is owing to want of cleanliness. 
 
 BES Y3IPHYSER, see Symphyseotomy. 
 
 DETENTIO, Catalepsy. 
 DETERGENS, Abstergent. 
 
 DETER'GENTS, from detergere, [de, and ter- 
 gere, 'to clean,') 'to cleanse.' Betergen'tia, Be- 
 terso'ria, Extergen'tia, Abstergen'tia, Abstersi'va, 
 Absterso'ria, Abluen'tia, Traumai'icn, Smec'tica, 
 Emundan'tia, Muudijicati'va, Mundiftcan'tia, 
 Rhyp'tica, Abster'si'ves, (F.) Betersifs, Mundijiea- 
 tifs, Abluents. Medicines, which possess the 
 power to deterge or cleanse parts, as wounds, 
 ulcers, &c. They belong to the class of stimu- 
 lants, or to that of emollients. 
 
 DETERMINA'TION, Betermma'tio,^ from de, 
 and terminus, 'a boundary.' Strong direction to 
 a given point; — as 'a determination of blood to 
 the head.' 
 19 
 
 BETERSIFS, Detergents. 
 DETERSORIA, Detergents. 
 
 DETERSO'RIUM, from detergere, detersum, 
 'to cleanse.' The place, in ancient bathing es- 
 tablishments, where the bather was cleansed and 
 dried. 
 
 DETESTATIO, Castratio. 
 
 BE TORSE, Sprain. 
 
 DETRACTIO SANGUINIS, Bloodletting. 
 
 DETRI'TUS, from deterere, {de, and terere, 
 tritum, 'to rub,') 'to bruise or wear out.' The " 
 residuum, occupying the place of the organic 
 texture of parts which have undergone disorgani- 
 zation. 
 
 BETROIT ABB03nNALE, Pelvis (brim)— 
 d. Inferieur, Pelvis (outlet) — d. Perineal, Pelvis 
 (outlet) — d. Superieur, Pelvis (brim.) 
 
 BETRONCATION, Detruncatio.' 
 
 DETRUNCA'TION, Betrunca'tio, (P.) Betron- 
 cation, from de, and truncus, 'a trunk.' Separa- 
 tion of the trunk from the head of the foetus, the 
 latter remaining in the uterus. 
 
 DETRU'SION, Betru'sio ; same etymon as the 
 next. The act of thrusting or forcing down or 
 away. Applied by Dr. Walshe to lateral displace- 
 ment of the heart by extrnnenus pressure. 
 
 DETRU'SOR URI'N^, Profru'sor, from de- 
 trudere, [de, and trudere, trusuin, 'to thrust,') 'to 
 thrust down or from.' The muscular coat of the 
 urinary bladder was formerly so called. It was, 
 also, named Constrictor Vesi'cce Urina'ricE. 
 
 BE TUMESCENCE (F.), Betumescen'tia, from 
 detumere, [de, and tumere, 'to swell,') 'to cease 
 to swell.' A diminution of swelling. This word 
 has nearly the same signification as the French 
 word Besenflure. The latter is, however, more 
 particularly applied to the diminution of oedema 
 or anasarca; the former, to the resolution of a 
 tumour properly so called. 
 
 DEUNX. The ancient name of a weight of 11 
 ounces, supposing the pound to consist of 12. 
 
 DEURENS (FEBRIS,) Causus. 
 
 DEUS COPULATIONIS, Cupido. 
 
 DEUTERAN(EA, Dementia. 
 
 DEUTERI'A, from ocvrcpos, 'the second.' Vo- 
 gel has used this term for the symptoms produced 
 by retention of the secundines. The word was 
 also applied, by the Greeks, to a second or infe- 
 rior wine. 
 
 DEUTERION, Secundines. 
 
 DEUTEROPATHI'A, HysteropatM'a, Morbus 
 secunda'rius, from Scvrtpo;, ' the second,' and 
 -a%g, 'disease.' A secondary disease. One pro- 
 duced by another, and of which it is only, in 
 some measure, symptomatic, or the sympathetic 
 efi"ect. 
 
 DEUTEROS'COPY, Beuieroscop'ia, from Sev- 
 Tcpog, 'the second,' and oKoreu), 'I view.' Second 
 sight. A fancied power of seeing future things 
 or events. 
 
 DEUTO, hvTtpos, 'second.' A prefix denoting 
 two, or double, — as deutoxide, having two degrees 
 of oxidation. 
 
 BEUTOAZOTATE ACIBE LTQUIBE BE 
 MERCURE, see Hydrarscyri nitras. 
 
 DEVEL'OPMENT, Evolu'tio, from (F.) deve- 
 lopjjer, 'to unfold.' (F.) Beveloppement. In 
 Physiology, it means growth or increase; and in 
 Pathology, its signification is similar. It — as 
 well as Bifferentiation — is at times used, in Phys- 
 iology, for the kind of increase which takes place 
 by the formation of new tissues from those al- 
 ready existing, as in the embryo, whilst growth is 
 restricted to the increase of the same tissue. By 
 development of the pulse is understood an in- 
 crease in its strength and fulness. Diseases of 
 development, 3Iorbi evolutio'nis, are such as are 
 peculiar to the period of growth. 
 
DEVERTICULUM 
 
 290 
 
 DIACHALASIS 
 
 'Taking Developments.' A term used by 
 practical craniologists to signify the act of mea- 
 suring prominences of the skull, which are re- 
 garded by them as indicating the size of corre- 
 sponding cerebral organs. 
 
 Development, Vesicle of, see Vesicle of De- 
 velopment. 
 
 DEVERTICULUM, Diverticulum. 
 
 DEVIA'TION, Devia'tlo, from de, 'from,' and 
 via, 'the way.' Out of the way. By this word 
 is meant — a vicious curvature of the spine or 
 other bones; — faulty direction of the teeth or 
 other part; — the passage of blood, bile, urine, 
 milk, &c., into vessels not natural to them. 
 
 DE VIA TION DES REGLES, Menstruation 
 ^vicarious.) 
 
 DEVIL IN A BUSH, Nigella — d. Bit, Vera- 
 trum viride. 
 
 DEVIL'S BIT, Aletris farinosa, Seabiosa sue- 
 cisa, Chameelirium luteum — d. Bite, Liatris — d. 
 Dung, Asafoetida — d. Shoestrings, Galega Vir- 
 ginian a. 
 
 DEVIRGINATION, Defloration, Stuprum. 
 
 DEVISCERATION, Exenterismus. 
 
 DEVOIEJfENT, Diarrhoea. 
 
 DEWBERRY, AMERICAN, see Rubus ceesius 
 — d. Plant, Rubus ctesius. 
 
 DEWCLAAYS, Crusta genu equinae. 
 
 DEXIOCAR'DIA, from Ss^ioi, 'right,' and Kap- 
 Sia, ' the heart.' A case in which the heart is 
 found to beat on the right side. It is met with 
 occasionally in pleurisy and pneumothorax. 
 
 DEXIS, Degmus. 
 
 DEX'TANS. A weight of 10 ounces, suppos- 
 ing the pound to consist of 12. 
 
 DEXTERINA, Dextrine. 
 
 DEXTRAD, from dexter, 'right-handed.' A 
 term, used adverbially by Dr. Barclay to signify 
 'towards the dextral aspect.' See Mesial. 
 
 Drxtral Aspect, see Mesial. 
 
 DEXTRAL'ITY, from dexter, 'right.' The 
 state of being on the right side. Right-handed- 
 ness. The stale of being right-handed. 
 
 DEXTRIN, Dextrine, Dextri'num. DexteH'na, 
 British cjum, Artijic"ial gum, from dexter, ' right- 
 handed.' So called, from its refracting the rays, 
 in the polarization of light, more to the right 
 hand than any substance known. A substance 
 obtained by the continued action of diluted sul- 
 phuric acid upon starch at the boiling point. It 
 "s used in the treatment of fractures, by the 'im- 
 movable apparatus.' The bandages are soaked in 
 a solution, in water, of the dextrine — previously 
 moistened thoroughly with tincture of camphor, 
 to prevent it from leaking when the water is 
 added. The solution should be of the consistence 
 of molasses. 
 
 DEXTRINUM, Dextrine. 
 
 DI, h, iig, 'bis, twice, double.' Hence, Dicru- 
 tus, Digastricus, &e. 
 
 DIA, ha, in composition, 'through, asunder, 
 out of, separated.' When prefixed to any thera- 
 peutical' agent, it meant, in ancient pharmacy, a 
 preparation into which that agent entered. 
 
 DIABEBOS, Astragalus, Malleolus. 
 
 DTABETE, Diabetes— rf. Chylenx, Chyluria— 
 d. Faux, see Diabetes — d, Disipide, see Diabetes 
 — d. Snore, Diabetes (mellitus.) 
 
 DIABE'TES, from Sia, ' through,' and ffaivoi, 
 ' T pass.' Uri'ncB proflu'vium, Hyperdiure'ais, 
 Sipho nri'ncB, Urorrhn{i"ia, Polyu'ria, Hydrops 
 ad Ifat'ulam seu Blatel'lce, Poh/tire'sh, Uroze'tnia, 
 Ureorrhw.' a, Di'p'sncos, Diarrhce'a in Uriiid seu 
 urino'sa, (P.) Diabete, Flux d' Urine. A disease, 
 characterized by great augmentation and often 
 manifest alteration in the secretion of urine ; with 
 excessive thirst, and progressive emaciation. Cul- 
 len has described two species: — Diabetes insip'- 
 
 idus and D. Melli'tus ; the former, (F.) Diabete 
 faux ou insipide, Diabete, being, simply, a super- 
 abundant discharge of limpid urine, of its usual, 
 urinary taste : the latter, D. Melli'tun, called, also, 
 Paru'ria MeUi'ta, Diabetes An'glicus seu verus, 
 3felitu'ria, Melithyperu'ria, Glucosu' ria, Glycyr- 
 rkce'a urino'sa, Uroze'mia meUi'to, Saccharor~ 
 rhce'a urino'sa, Phthisu'ria, Uro-phthi'sis, Tabes 
 diuret'ica seu diabe'tica, Dyspep'sia saceharig"- 
 ena, Apoceno'sis Diabetes Melli'tus, Sac'charine 
 diabetes, (F.) Diabete snore, Hyperurorrhee sao- 
 oharine, Phthisurie sucr6e, — falls under the defi- 
 nition given above. The quantity of urine, dis- 
 charged in the 24 hours, is sometimes excessive, 
 amounting to 30 pints and upwards; each pint 
 containing sometimes SJ oz. saccharine matter. 
 This replaces the urea, which is not found in 
 quantity in the urine of those labouring under 
 diabetes. Where the disease is situate is not 
 clear. The whole system of nutrition, however, 
 seems to be morbidly implicated. A part of the 
 urine must be formed at the expense of the sys^ 
 tern, as the egesta frequently far exceed the solid 
 and liquid ingesta. On dissection, no morbid 
 appearance is met with, sufiicient to enable us to 
 fix on the seat of this distressing affection. 
 
 All the remedies that have been tried have 
 usually been found insufficient in D. Mellitus. 
 
 D. insip'idus, Hyperiire'sis aqno'sa, Hydrii'ria, 
 Hydrure'sis, Paru'ria incon'tinens aquo'sa, Dia- 
 be'tes spu'rius, Urorrhoe'a, U'real Diabetes, (F.) 
 P(dynrie, Hyperiirrorrhee, Diabete insipide, Fan.v 
 diabete, which occurs in hysterical habits, and 
 has, hence, been called D. hyster'icus, is of com- 
 paratively trifling moment. Exclusive diet, and 
 attention to the state of the cutaneous transpira- 
 tion, which have sometimes produced good effects 
 in D. Mellitus, have most commonly failed. 
 
 Diabetes Anglicus, see Diabetes — d. Chylo- 
 sus, Chyluria — d. Insipidus, see Diabetes — d. 
 Liictens, Chyluria — d. Mellitus, seeDiabetes — d. 
 Spurius, see Diabetes — d. Ureal, seeDiabetes — 
 d. Verus, Diabetes (mellitus.) 
 
 DIABET'IC, Diabe'ticus, (F.) Diabitique. 
 Same etymon. Relating to diabetes. 
 
 Diabetic Sugar, see Glucose. 
 
 DIABOT'ANUM, from h,i, and fioravn, 'an 
 herb.' A medicine, prepared with herbs. — Galen. 
 
 DIABROSIS, Erosion, Corrosion. 
 
 DIABRO'TICUS, from ha, and fipiauKut, 'I eat 
 or corrode.' A substance, capable of causing ero- 
 sion of the part to which it is applied. It ordi- 
 narily means a medicine, whose activity places it 
 between escharotics and caustics. See Corrosive. 
 
 DIACAR'YON, from ha, and xapvov, ' a nut.' 
 Rob nncum. The rob of nuts or of walnuts. 
 
 DIACASSIA CUM MANNA, Confectio cassije. 
 
 DIACATH0L'IC0N,i)iocai!Ao^'4c«m, from ha, 
 and Ka^o\iKoi, 'universal.' The name of a purge, 
 so called from its general usefulness. It was an 
 electuary, and composed of the pidp of cassia, 
 tamarinds, leaves of senna, root of polypody, jioxo- 
 ers of the violet, rhubarb root, aniseed, sugar, 
 liquorice, and fennel. 
 
 DIACAU'SIS, from Siaxato), (Sia, and koim,) 'I 
 burn through.' Excestive heat. Over-heating. 
 
 DIACAUST'IC, Diacaust'icus. Same etymon. 
 That which is caustic by refraction ; as a double 
 convex lens, which has been sometimes used for 
 cauterizing an ulcer by directing the sun's rays 
 upon it. 
 
 DIACELTATESSON PARACELSI, Pulvis 
 Cornachini. 
 
 DIACHALASIS, from 8iaxa\aciv, (Sia, and 
 Xa'\a£iv,) ' to be open or relaxed.' Hippocrates uses 
 this word for fracture of the bones of the skull; 
 or for relaxation and separation of the sutures, in 
 consequence of a wound of the head. — Hippo- 
 crates. 
 
DIACHALCITEOS 
 
 2 P 1 
 
 DIALEPSIS 
 
 DIACHALCIT'EOS, from &ia, and x«^""s> 
 ' chalcitis or colcothar.' A plaster, whose com- 
 position is the sam.e as that of the diapalma, 
 except that, in place of the sulphate of zinc, a 
 mixture of oil and colcothar is substituted. 
 
 DIACHEIRIS'MOS, Diacheir'isis, Tracfa'tio 
 mauiia'ria, from Sta, and X"P' ' ''^^ hand.' The 
 preparation, administration, and dispensing of 
 medicines. — Hippocrates. 
 
 DIACHORE'MA, Diackore'iis, from SiaT(^b>pe(o, 
 (Sia, and '>(<sipeii), 'I retire,') 'I separate from.' 
 Every kind of excreted matter and excretion ; 
 but more particularly the fteces and alvine excre- 
 tion. — Foesius, Gorr£eus. See Excrement. 
 
 DiACHOREMA Xtsmatodes, 866 Ramcnta intes- 
 tinorum. 
 
 DIACHORESIS, Excretion. 
 
 DIACHRISIS, Inunction. 
 
 DIACHRIST'A, from iia, and xP^'^j ' ^ anoint.' 
 Medicines, applied as abstergents to the velum 
 piilati, the palate itself, the tongue, &c. Pro- 
 bably gargles. — Paulus of ^gina, 
 
 DIACH'YLON, Biach'ylum, Emplas'trum dia- 
 ach'i/lon, from &ia, and X"^"^' 'juice;' i. e. com- 
 posed of juices. The plaster of this name was 
 formerly made of certain juices. The term is 
 now confined to the E.mplastrum Plumbi or 
 Lead Plaster, 
 
 Diachylon cum Gustmi, Emplastrum gummo- 
 sum — d. Gomme, Emplastrum cum gummi-resinis 
 — d. Gum, Emplastrum gummosum — d. Magnum 
 cum gummi, Emplastrum galbani comp. — d. Sim- 
 plex, Emplastrum plumbi — d. White, Emplastrum 
 plumbi — d. Yellow, Emplastrum gummosum. 
 
 DIACHYTTCA, from iia, and x""^^ 'I PO"'' 
 out,' ' I melt.' Medicines which discuss tumours. 
 
 DIACINE'MA, from im, and Kirm, 'I move.' 
 A slight dislocation. — Celsus, Galen. A sub- 
 luxation. 
 
 DIACLASIS, Refraction. 
 
 DIAC'LYSIS, Diaclys'mm, from 6ia, and k\v- 
 ?,tiv, ' to wash out.' Rinsing or cleansing — espe- 
 cially of the mouth. 
 
 DIACLYSMA, Gargarism. 
 
 DIACOCCYMELOIv^ Diaprunum. 
 
 DIACODIOISr, Syrupus papaveris. 
 
 DIACO'DIUM, Confec'tio ex Cupit'ibusPapav'- 
 erii, from ita, and Kiahia, 'a poppyhead.' (P.) 
 Diaeode. The ancients had various forms for 
 preparing it. The Syrup of Poppies — Syru'pus 
 Papav'eris seu Diacu'dion — is now substituted 
 for it. 
 
 DIACOPE,Abscission, Dissection, Intersection. 
 
 DiAC'OPE, En'cope, from Sia, and KOTrrttv, 'to 
 cut.' A cut, incision, fissure, or longtitudinal 
 fracture. When used, since Galen, it generally 
 signifies an oblique incision, made in the cranium 
 by a sharp instrument, without the piece being 
 removed. It is not now employed. 
 
 DiAc'oPE Cra'nii, PrcBcis'io seu Bissec'tio 
 Ora'nii. Opening the head ; and separation of 
 the bones of the cranium. 
 
 DIACOPR^'GIA, from ita, Koizpo^, 'excre- 
 ment,' and ai^, aiyoi, *a goat.' A name given, 
 in Blancard's Lexicon, to a medicine, composed 
 of goat's dung, which the ancients praised ia dis- 
 eases of the spleen, parotids, &c. 
 
 DIAC'RISES, from Hia, and xptva, '1 separate.' 
 A class of diseases characterized by alterations 
 of secretion. — Gendrin. 
 
 DIACRISIOG' R APHT, DmerhiograpVia, 
 
 from 6iaKpicng, 'separation,' and ypai^??, 'a descrip- 
 tion,' A description of the organs of secretion. 
 
 DIACRIT'ICA SIG'NA. Same etymon. Signs 
 by which one disease can be accurately discrimi- 
 nated from another . — differen'tkd diayno'sis. 
 
 DIACYDONITES, Cydoniatum. 
 
 DIADE'MA, Fascia cap'itis, Redimic' ulum, 
 from 5iaiie<a, (Sia, and 6eiv, ' to bind.') ' I bind 
 round." A sort of bandage; advised in headach, 
 in which relaxation of the sutures was appre- 
 hended. — Forestus. 
 
 DIADERMIATRIA, Endermic method. 
 
 DIADEX'IS, Biad'oche, Metatopto'sis, from 
 iiaSex"/"""-) (<5"') undScxofiai, 'to take or receive.') 
 'I transfer,' ' I succeed to.' A transformation of 
 a disease into another, differing from the former 
 both in its nature and seat. 
 
 DIADOCHE, Diadexis. 
 
 DIAD'OSIS, from Scafuowfit, ' to distribute.' In 
 some authors, it means the distribution of nutri- 
 tive matter over the whole bodj', — in other words, 
 nutrition ,• whilst, in others, it is synonymous witli 
 the remission or cessation of a disease. 
 
 DI^D(E'US, from^t, 'double,' and atSoia, 'the 
 parts of generation.' A monster whose organs 
 of generation and urinary bladder are double. It 
 has only been observed in animals. 
 
 DI^'RESIS, from Scaipsw. (Sia, and atptw, 'I 
 take away,') 'I divide,' 'I separate.' A division 
 or solution of continuity. A surgical operation, 
 which consists in dividing any part of the body. 
 HtBiitorrhag" ia per dl(p.' resin is hemorrhage owing 
 to separation or division of vessels. 
 
 Diuresis Ungul^, Onychoptosis. 
 
 DI^RETICUS, Caustic. 
 
 DI^TA, Diet— d. Lactea, Galactodiasta. 
 
 DI.^TE'MA, has the same signification as 
 diet, with most authors. Galen gives it a more 
 extensive meaning, comprising, under it, what 
 constitutes Hygiene. 
 
 DliETETICA, Dietetics. 
 
 DIAGNOSE, Diagnosticate. 
 
 DIAGNO'SIS, Bigno'tio, Biognos'tice, Bepre- 
 hen'sio, fromAta. and ytvoiaKu, 'I know.' Biscri- 
 mination, (P.) Biagnose, Biagnosfique. That part 
 of medicine whose object is the discrimination of 
 diseases, and the knowledge of the pathognomonic 
 signs of each. It is one of the most important 
 branches of general pathologj-. See Symptoms. 
 
 Diagnosis, Differential, see Diacritica signa. 
 
 DIAGNOS'TIC, Biscreti'vus, Biagnos'ticus ; 
 (F.) Biagnostiqne. Same etymon. A symptom 
 which is characteristic of a disease. 
 
 DIAGNOS'TICATE, — sometimes diagnose. 
 To discriminate one disease or phenomenon from 
 another. 
 
 DIAGRYDIUM, Convolvulus scammonia. 
 
 Diagryd'iuji Cydokia'tum, from diagrydium, 
 'scammony,' and cyd^nium, 'quince.' A phar- 
 maceutical preparation, obtained by inspissating 
 and drying, by means of heat, two parts of scati)- 
 tnony, and one of quince juice. It was formerly 
 u.sed as an energetic purgative. 
 
 Diagryd'idm Glycyrrhiza'tum. An analo- 
 gous preparation, containing extract of liquorice 
 in place of quince juice. 
 
 Diagryd'ium Sulphura'tum. Scammony, 
 which has been exposed to the vapour of burning 
 sulphur. These diagrydia are not now used. 
 
 DIALEIPSIS, Apyrexia, Intermission. 
 
 DIALEIPYRA, Intermittent fever. 
 
 DIALEMMA, Apyrexia. 
 
 DIALEP'SIS, Intercep'tio, from SiaXa/il^avia, ' I 
 intercept.' — Hippocrates employs this word for 
 
DIALIPSIS 
 
 292 
 
 DIAPHRAGMATIC 
 
 the interstices, or intervals, left between the turns 
 of a bandage. 
 
 DIALIPSIS, Apyrexia, Intermissio. 
 
 DIAL'YSIS, Dissolu'tio, from iia, and Xvtrif, 
 'solution.' A dissolution or loss of strength; 
 Reaolu'tio vir'him. Weakness of the limbs. 
 Also, a solution of continuity. 
 
 DIAMANT, Diamond. 
 
 DIAMASTEMA, Masticatory. 
 
 DIAM'BK^ SPE'CIES. A name given by 
 the ancients to powders, one of which bore the 
 name — Spe'cies dinm'brcB sine odora'tis, — the 
 other, that of Spe'cies diam'brcB cum odora'tis. 
 The former was composed of cinnamon, angelica 
 root, cloves, mace, nutmeg, galanga, cardamom, 
 and numerous other substances; the latter, be- 
 sides, had ambergris and mnsk. These powders 
 were used as tonics, in cases of debility of the 
 stomach, and in certnin nervous aifections. 
 
 DIAMETERS OF THE PELVIS, see Pelvis. 
 
 DIxAMNES, Enuresis. 
 
 DI'AMOND, Ad'amas, (from a, privative, and 
 iaiifio), 'I conquer.') 'Invincible;' (F.) Diamant. 
 So called from its hardness. It is the most pre- 
 cious of all stones, and was formei-ly conceived 
 to possess extraordinary cordial virtues. 
 
 DIAMO'RUM, Rob ex moris, from &ia, and 
 fidifiov, 'a mulberry.' An ancient syrup prepared 
 with honey and mulberry juice. It was employed 
 as a gargle in sore throat. — Galen. 
 
 DIAMOTO'SIS, from ixorog, • charpie,' 'lint.' 
 The introduction of lint into an ulcer or wound. 
 
 DIANA, Argentum. 
 
 DIANAXCAS'MUS, from Sta, and avayKa^^, 
 ' 1 force.' Coaptation, reduction of a fractured 
 or luxated limb. 
 
 DIANOEMA, Imagination. 
 
 DIAN'THUS CARYOPHYL'LUS, from Atg, 
 Ato;, 'Jove.' [?] ar&os, ' flower,' and caryopJiyllnm, 
 ' the clove.' Clove Pink. Also called Curyo- 
 phyl'lum ruhnim, Tu'nica, T. horf en' sis sen rubra, 
 Gary ophyl' Ills horten'sis, Clove July flower, GiV- 
 liflower, Oarna'tion, (Sc.) Jeroffleris, Geraflonris. 
 Order, CaryophylleEe. (F.) (Eillet giroflee. The 
 flowers were once much used; but are now only 
 employed in syrup, as a useful and pleasant 
 vehicle for other medicines. 
 
 DIAPAL'MA, Phop.nic"ium Emplas'trum. A 
 plaster composed of equal parts of litharge, olive 
 oil, axunge, water, a certain quantity of sulphate 
 of zinc dissolved in water, and vjhite wax. It is 
 classed amongst the topical, desiecative, emol- 
 lient, resolvent, detersive, and cicatrizing medi- 
 cines. Mixed with a quarter of its weight of 
 olive oil, it acquires the consistence of an oint- 
 ment, and forms the Cerate of Diapal'ma. 
 
 DIAPASMA, Catapasma. 
 
 DIAPEDE'SIS, Transuda'tio, Persuda'tio, 
 Persulta'tio, from Sia-irrjiau), {iia, and -njiaa,) 'I 
 leap through.' Exhalation, as of blood, in the 
 form of dew, at the surface of the skin, or of any 
 membrane; Sweating of blood, (F.) Sueur de Sang, 
 Hamorrhag"ia per diapede'sin, Hmmatopiede' sis, 
 Hamidro'sis. 
 
 DIAPENSIA CORTUSA, Sanieala. 
 DIAPEN'TBS or DIAPENTE, from bia, and 
 ■KtvTrj, 'five.' A medicine composed of five in- 
 gredients. See Diatessaron. 
 
 DIAPHCE'NICON, Diaphce'nix, Medicamen'- 
 tnm ex Pal'mulis, from i5ia, and (f>oivi^, (poiviKos, 'a 
 date.' A drastic electuary, of which the date was 
 the chief excipient. 
 
 DIAPHORE'SIS, from l>ia(t,npto> {ha, and 
 ifiopm, 'I convey,') 'I dissipate.' (Y.) Diapho- 
 rese. A greater degree of perspiration than natu- 
 
 ral, but less than in sweating. Every kind of 
 cutaneous evacuation. 
 
 DIAPHORET'IC. Same etymon. Diapno'- 
 ieus, Dicqihoret'icus, (F.) Diaphorefique. A 
 medicine which excites diaphoresis. Diaphore- 
 tics are very uncertain as a class. The following 
 is a list of the most reputed : — Ammonise Acetatis 
 Liquor; Ammonise Carbonas ; Antimonialis pul- 
 vis ; Antimonii et Potassas Tartras ; Antimonii 
 Sulphuretum prsecipitatum ; Asclepias tuberosa; 
 Camphora; Contrayerva ; Dulcamara; Eupato- 
 rium perfoliatum ; Guaiaci Lignum ; Guaiacum ; 
 Ipecacuanha; Mezereum; Opium, and its active 
 principle Morphia; Sarsaparilla; Sassafras ; Ser- 
 pentaria; Spiritus ^theris Nitrici; Sulphur; 
 Xanthoxylum; Caloric; Exercise, (active ;) and 
 Friction. 
 
 The epithet Diaphoretic has also been given, 
 by some, to continued fever, accompanied with 
 constant perspiration. 
 
 Diaphoretic, Mineral, Antimonium diapho- 
 reticum. 
 
 DIAPHORETICUM JOVIALE, see Anti- 
 hectic. 
 
 DI'APHRAGM, Biaphrag'ma, Diciplirax'is, 
 Respirato' rium Yentris, Discreto'rium, Phrenes, 
 Septum transver'sum, Discri'men Thora'cis et 
 Ventris, Visceptum, Cine'tus, Diazo'ma, PrcB- 
 cinc'tus, Diazos'mn, Diazos'tra, Hypezo'cus, Hy- 
 pozo'ma, Perizo'ma, Dissep'tiim, Dibsip>'ium, PrcB- 
 cor'dia, Succin'gens membra'na seu mns'culus, 
 Succinc'tus, Succinctu' ra, the Ilidriff, (Prov.) 
 Heart-seirts, from &ia, 'between,' and fpaaaw, 'I 
 close.' A large, azygous muscle ; stretched trans- 
 versely between the thoracic and abdominal cii- 
 vities, which it separates from each other; tendi- 
 nous in the centre; thin, almost circular, and un- 
 equally convex, upwards. It is fleshy at its cir- 
 cumference, which is attached to the cartilago 
 ensiformis, to the last six ribs, to the aponeurosis 
 stretched from the last rib to the transverse pro- 
 cess of the first lumbar vertebra ; and, lastly, to 
 the bodies of the first three or four lumbar verte- 
 br£e, When it contracts, its fibres become straight, 
 the chest is enlarged, and the abdomen dimin- 
 ished. It is then an inspiratory muscle. It may, 
 also, diminish the capacity of the chest, and be 
 an expiratory muscle. The muscle plays an im- 
 portant part in sighing, yawning, coughing, sneez- 
 ing, laughing, sobbing, crying, hiccoughing, sing- 
 ing, vomiting, and excretion of the fseces and 
 urine, the expulsion of the foetus, &c. 
 
 DIAPHRAGMA AURIS, see Tympanum— d. 
 Cerebri, Tentorium — d. Narium, Septum narium 
 — d. Ventriculorum lateralium cerebri, Septum 
 luoidum. 
 
 DIAPHRAGMAL'GIA, Biaphrngmatal'gia, 
 from Sia(ppayiia, SiaippaynaTo;, ' the diaphragm,' 
 and a\yos. 'pain.' Pain in the diaphragm. 
 
 DIAPHRAGMATALGIA, Diaphragmalgia. 
 
 DIAPHRAGMAT'IC, Diajjhragmat'icus, (F.) 
 Diajihragmatique. Belonging to the diaphragm. 
 A name given to several vessels and nerves. 
 
 Diaphragmat'ic or Phrenic Ar'teries. These 
 are distinguished into superior and inferior. The 
 former, called, also, supradiaphragmai'ic, are 
 two in number, one on each side. They arise from 
 the internal mammary, and descend along the 
 phrenic nerve, to be distributed on the upper 
 surface of the diaphragm. The latter or infra- 
 diaphrngmat'ic are also two in number. They 
 arise from the upper part of the abdominal aorta, 
 or from the cceliao artery, and divide into two 
 principal branches, which are distributed on the 
 lower surface of the diaphragm and in its sub- 
 stance. • 
 
 The superior diaphragmat'ic veins follow the 
 same course as the arteries, and empty them- 
 selves — the right, into the vena cava superior ; 
 
DIAPHRAGMATITIS 
 
 293 
 
 DIARTHRODIAL 
 
 the left, into the corresponding subclavian vein. 
 The two inferior diaphragmatic veins open into 
 the vena cava inferior. 
 
 Diaphragmat'ic Her'nia, Phrenic Hernia, 
 Difiphragmatoce'le. The abdominal viscera are 
 occasionally protruded through the diaphragm, 
 either through some of the natural apertures in 
 the muscle, or through deficiencies, or wounds, 
 or lacerations in it. 
 
 Diaphragmat'ic or Phrexic Nerves, Inter- 
 nal respiratory of Sir Charles Bell, are two in 
 number; one on the left side, the other on the 
 right. They arise from the second and third 
 nerves of the cervical plexus, about the middle 
 of the neck, and receive two or three filaments 
 from the brachial plexus, after which they de- 
 scend into the chest at the sides of the pericar- 
 dium, and are distributed on the diaphragm. 
 
 Diaphragmat'ic Plex'dses are two in num- 
 ber; one right, and the other left. They arise 
 from the upper part of the solar plexus, by a 
 small number of branches, which are distributed 
 to the diaphragm, following exactly the branches 
 of the inferior diaphragmatic arteries. 
 
 Diaphragmat'ic Pi,ixg, (F.) Anneau diapkrag- 
 matiqtie of Chaussier, is a name given to the 
 irregularly quadrilateral aperture by which the 
 vena cava inferior passes through the diaphragm. 
 
 DIAPHRAGMATITIS, Diaphragmitis. 
 
 DIAPHRAGMATOCELE, see Hernia. 
 
 DIAPHRAGMI'TIS, from ^ia<ji,^)ay/^a, ' the dia- 
 phragm,' and itis, a sufSx denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Diaphragmati'tis, Iiijlamma'tio septi tram- 
 ver'si, Paraphreni'tis, Ernpresnia Pleuri'tis Dia- 
 2'jhragmat' ica, Parajihrene' sis Diaphi'ngmat'ica, 
 Inflammation of the Di'aphragm. The terms, 
 Paraphreni'tis and Paraphrene'sis have been 
 obtained from the Peripatetic philosophy, which 
 supposed the seat of the <p(>'iv or soul to be the 
 pra3cordia. The essential symptoms of diaphrag- 
 mitis are : — painful constriction around the prse- 
 eordia, with small, quick, laborious breathing. It 
 is a rare disease. 
 
 DIAPIIRATTOX HTMEX, Mediastinum— d. 
 Membrana, Mediastinum. 
 
 DIAPHRAXIS, Diaphragm. 
 
 DIAPH'THORA, Destmc'tio, from ha, and 
 (p^eipetv, 'to corrupt.' Corruption in general; 
 more especially corruption of the foetus in utero. 
 — Hippocrates. Also, corruption of the blood in 
 the stomach. — Galen. See Abortion. 
 
 DIAPHYLACTIC, Prophylactic. 
 
 DIAPH'YSIS, from iiaipvio, 'I rise between.' 
 Interstit"ium, Discrimina'tio : 'an interstice, in- 
 terval, division.' Any thing that separates two 
 bodies. Also, the middle part or body of a long 
 bone. Corpus Ossis. One of the ligaments of the 
 knee. — Hippocrates, Pare. 
 
 DIA'PIA. Some lexicographers use this word 
 synonymously with Diapyesis or Suppuration, 
 others have employed it in opposition to Myopia. 
 
 DIAPLASIS, Conformation, Reduction. 
 
 DIAPLASMUS, Conformation, Reduction. 
 
 DIAPNEUSIS, Perspiration. 
 
 DIAPNOE, Perspiration. 
 
 DIAPNCEA, Perspiration. 
 
 DIAPNOGENOUS APPARATUS, see Per- 
 spiration. 
 
 DIAPNOICUS, Diaphoretic. 
 
 DIAPOPHYSES, Transverse processes of the 
 vertebrae. 
 
 DIAPORE'MA. Anxiety, jactitation ; from 
 iia-^opew, ' I doubt.' 
 
 DIAPRU'NUM, Diacocci/me'lon. A purgative 
 
 electuary, of which the pulps of prunes and rhu- 
 barb formed the basis. By adding to ihe din- 
 prunum sim2]lex a 24th part of powdered scam- 
 mony, the Diapru'num resoluti' cum seu cornpos'- 
 itum was formed. It was more active than the 
 former. 
 
 DIAPYEMA, Empyema, Suppuration. 
 
 DIAPYESIS, Suppuration — d. Oculi, Hypo- 
 pyon. 
 
 DIAPYET'ICA, Dijapiye'mata, from iiairvma, 
 SiaiTvriais, (ha, and tzvov, ' pus,') 'suppuration.' 
 Medicines which promote suppuration. 
 
 DIAPYETICUS, Suppurative. 
 
 DIAR^'MIA, (F.) Diaremie, from Sia, 
 'through,' p£u, 'I flow,' and 'ai/ja, 'blood.' A 
 pathological condition, said to be common in 
 sheep, in which the globules of the blood are di- 
 minished in quantity; the blood itself thinner, 
 and transuding through the coats of the vessels 
 into the cavities. — Delafore. 
 
 BIAREIIIE, Diai-a?mia. 
 
 DIARIA, Ephemera. 
 
 DIARRHAGE, Fracture. 
 
 DIARRHCE'A, from ha, 'through,' and piw, 
 ' I flow.' Enterorrhce'a, Incondnen'tia alvi, Alvi 
 2}roJlu'vium seu fluxus aquo'sns, Ventris piroflu'- 
 vium, Coeliorrhoi' a , Cceliol'ysis, Alvus cita, Oaca- 
 to'ria, Coprorrhoe'a, Qatar' rhus iniestina'lis, Alvi 
 fluxus, liheuma, Epiiiih'ora Alvi, Fluxus alvi'nus, 
 Lax'itas cdvi, Defiux' io. Lax, Looseness, Purging, 
 Scouring, (Sc.) Scour, (Prov.) Hay, Scutter, 
 Skitter, (F. ) Diarrhea, Deuoieinent, Catarrhe in- 
 testinal, Flux de Ventre, Cours de Ventre, Cou- 
 rante. A disease characterized by frequent liquid 
 alvine evacuations, and generally owing to in- 
 flammation or irritation of the mucous membrane 
 of the intestines. It is commonly caused by 
 errors in regimen, the use of food noxious by its 
 quality or quantity, &c., constituting the l)iar- 
 rhoe'a stercora'ria. D. Grapulo'sa of writers. It 
 may be acute or chronic. Many varieties have 
 been made by some nosologists — e. g. mucous, — 
 Diarrhoe'a muco'sa, Blcnnoche'sia, Blennoche'zia, 
 Mycodiarrhoe' a ; hiliouB, — Ileo-cholo' sis, Diar- 
 rhoe'a bilio'su; serous, — Hijdroche'zia, Hydrodi- 
 arrhoe'a, Orrhochc'zia ; dependent upon the 
 matters evacuated. Diarrhoea requires different 
 treatment, according to its nature. If caused, as 
 it often is, by improper matters in the intestinal 
 canal, these must be evacuated ; and the astrin- 
 gent plan of treatment must not be adopted, unless 
 the discharges seem kept up by irritability of the 
 intestines, or unless they are colliquative. The 
 indiscriminate use of astringents is to be depre- 
 cated. 
 
 A very fatal diarrhoea prevails amongst the 
 native inhabitants of India, to which Mr. Tytler 
 has given the name Diarrhm' a hec'tica, because, 
 like hectic fever, it seems to obtain habitual pos- 
 session of the constitution, to operate upon it 
 with scarcely any perceptible intermission, and, 
 in general, to defy the most powerful remedies. 
 
 Diarrhoea Adiposa, Gras-fondure — d. cum 
 Apepsia, Lientery — d. Arthritica, Coeliagra — d. 
 Biliosa, see Diarrhoea — d. Carnosa, D5'sentery — 
 d. Chylosa, Coeliac flux — d. Chymosa, Coeliac flux 
 — d. Crapulosa, see Diarrhosa— d. Cruenta. Hse- 
 matochezia — d. Dyspeptica, Lientery — d. Hepa- 
 tica, Hepatirrhoea — d. Ingestorum, Lientery — d. 
 Lienteria, Lientery — d. Mucosa, see Diarrhoea — 
 d. Purulenta, Pyochezia — d. Sangninolenta, Haj- 
 matochezia — d. Stercoraria, see Diarrhoea — d. in 
 Urina, Diabetes — d. Urinosa, Diabetes. 
 
 DIARRHOIS'CHESIS, from Diarrhoea, and 
 a^eat;, 'arrest.' Arrest of a diarrhoea. 
 
 DIARTHRO'DIAL, Diarthrodia'lis. Relating 
 
DIARTHROSIS 
 
 294 
 
 DIASTOLE 
 
 to diarthrosis or movable articulations ; as diar- 
 thro'dial articulation. Biarthro'dinl cartilages 
 or incrusting cartilages are the cartilages which 
 invest the articular extremities of bones. 
 
 DIARTHRO'SIS, from oiap^pou, {^la, and 
 apSpou),) ' I articulate.' Dearticula'tio, Prosar- 
 thro'sis, Aparthro'sis, Aharticula'tio, Coarticula' - 
 tio, Ferarticula'tio, liota'tio, (F.) Emhoitiire. A 
 movable articulation. One which permits the 
 bones to move freely on each other in every di- 
 rection, as in the case of the shoulder joint. 
 
 DIASATYR'ION, from bta, and ijarvpLov, 'the 
 orchis mascida.' An electuary, of which this 
 plant formed the basis. [?]— Myrepsus. The an- 
 cients attributed to it the faculty of exciting the 
 organs of generation. 
 
 DIASCINCI ANTIDOTUS, Mithridate. 
 
 BIASCOR'DIUM, from &ia, and cKopStov, 'the 
 water germander.' An electuary, so called be- 
 cause this plant entered into its composition. 
 The Parisian codex had a formula for its prepa- 
 ration, under the title, Electua'rium opia'tuni^as- 
 trin'gens seu diascor' dium. (E. fol. scord, giss, 
 rosar. rubr., bistort, rad., gentiancB, tormentiUa, 
 eera. berber. aa gss, zingib., piper, long, aa gij, 
 cassice lignecB, cinnamom., dictumn. Cretens., sty- 
 rac. calamit., galhnn., gum. acacia aa ^ss, bol. 
 oriental. prcBpnr. §ij, extract, vinos, opii. gij, mel. 
 vosat. prcB]}- R>ij, vin. his})an. R)ss: fiat electua- 
 rium.) In place of the styrax culamita, the bal- 
 sam of tola or benjamin may be used. The opium 
 is, in this preparation, in the proportion of 1 to 
 ISi. The diascordium is employed in diarrhoea 
 iind dysentery, as a tonic, stomachic, and astrin- 
 gent. The common dose is from a scruple to a 
 drachm and a hiilf. See Pulvis eretae eom- 
 positus. 
 
 DIASOSTIC, Prophylactic. 
 
 DIASPASIS, Divulsio. 
 
 DIASPER'MATON, from iia, and c-cp^a, 
 DTTepiJuirog. The ancient name of two cataplasms, 
 composed of seeds. — Galen, Paulus. 
 
 DIASPHYX'IS, from ita, and cr4>v^o>, 'I strike, 
 I beat,' Pulse. Also, a violent beat of the 
 pulse. 
 
 DIASTAL'TIC, DiastaVticm ; from ita, 
 'through,' and ctcXXm, 'I send.' An epithet ap- 
 plied by Dr. Marshall Hall to the reflex or excito- 
 motory system of nerves; because the actions 
 they induce are performed 'through' the spinal 
 marrow as their essential centre. 
 
 DIASTALTICUS, Diastolic. 
 
 DIASTASiE'MIA, (F.) Diastasemie, from ^lao-- 
 Ta(7ig, 'separation,' and 'aijua, 'blood.' A patho- 
 logical condition, characterized by a separation 
 of the elements of the blood globules ; — the fibrin 
 and albumen separating also from the colouring 
 matter, whilst the fibrin attaches itself to the 
 valves of the heart. — Delafore. 
 
 DIASTASE. Same etymon as Diastasis. A 
 vegetable principle, allied in its general proper- 
 ties to gluten, which appears in the germination 
 of barley and other seeds, and, by its presence, 
 converts the starch into sugar and gum. 
 
 DIASTASEMIE, Diastasajmia. 
 
 DIAS'TASIS, from hia, and larrini, 'to place,' 
 'separation,' 'distance.' Diaste'ma, Dissiden'tia. 
 A separation of bones, and particularly of the 
 bones of the cranium, from each other; of the 
 radius from the ulna, and the fibula from the 
 tibia. The ancients used this word to designate 
 the three dimensions of tho body, — length, 
 breadth, and thickness; for the interval separat- 
 ing the patient from the physician; the swelling 
 
 of varicose veins ; the time at which some change 
 occurred in disease, <Sse. 
 
 DIASTEMA, Diastasis, Interstice. 
 DIASTEMATELYT'RIA, from iiacTtijia, 'in- 
 terstice,' and eXvrpov, 'vagina.' An organic de- 
 viation, characterized by a longitudinal division. 
 or fissure of the vagina.- — Breschet. 
 
 DIASTEMATENCEPHA'LIA, from Siaamp'-a, 
 and EyKt(paXos, 'the brain.' An organic deviation, 
 consisting in a longitudinal division of the brain. 
 — Breschet. 
 
 DIASTEMA'TIA, from SiaarrnAa. A term em- 
 ployed by Breschet for an organic deviation, 
 characterized by the presence of a fissure in the 
 mesial line of the body. 
 
 DIASTEMATOCAU'LIA, from Siaarri^a, and 
 KavXog, ' trunk.' An organic deviation, charac- 
 terized by a longitudinal division of the trunk. 
 
 DIASTEMATOCHEI'LIA, from Siacrnpia, and 
 ;!(;£(Aof, 'the lip.' An organic deviation, consist- 
 ing in a longitudinal division or fissure of the 
 lip. 
 
 DIASTEMATOCRA'NIA, from lianrr)jxn, and 
 Kpaviov, ' the cranium.' An organic deviation, 
 consisting in a longitudinal division of the cra- 
 nium. 
 
 DIASTEMATOCYS'TIA, from hwrrma, and 
 KvoTii, ' bladder.' An organic deviation, charac- 
 terized by a longitudinal division of the urinary 
 bladder. 
 
 DIASTEMATOGAS'TRIA, from haoTviia, and 
 ■yaarvp, 'the stomach.' An organic deviation, 
 characterized by a longitudinal division of the 
 stomach. 
 
 DIASTEMATOGLOS'SIA, from isacrripia, and 
 y\b)aaa, 'tongue.' An organic deviation, chariic- 
 terized by a longitudinal division or fissure of the 
 tongue. 
 
 DIASTEMATOGNA'THIA, from iiacTviia, 
 and yvaQoi, 'jaw.' An organic deviation charac- 
 terized by a longitudinal division of the jaw. 
 
 DIASTEMATOME'TRIA, from haarripa, and 
 prirpa, 'womb.' An organic deviation, charac- 
 terized by a longitudinal division or fissure of the 
 womb. 
 
 DIASTEMATOPYEL'IA, from kacTrj,j.a, and 
 ■nvtXoi, 'pelvis.' An organic deviation, charac- 
 terized by a longitudinal division or fissure of 
 the pelvis. 
 
 DIASTEMATORA'CHIA, from hiaamiia, and 
 ca;Y'?> 'spine.' An organic deviation, characte- 
 rized by a longitudinal division or fissure of the 
 spine. 
 
 DIASTEMATORHI'NIA, from hiaampa, and 
 piv, 'the nose.' An organic deviation, cliaraete- 
 rized by a longitudinal division of the nose. 
 
 DIASTEMATOSTAPIIYL'IA, from liaarviia, 
 and araipv'XT), 'uvula.' An organic deviation, 
 characterized by a longitudinal division of the 
 uvula. 
 
 DIASTEMATOSTERN'IA, from hacrnna, and 
 cT£pvov, ' the sternum.' An organic deviation, 
 characterized by a longitudinal division of the 
 sternum. 
 
 DIASTEMENTER'IA, from iiaarrtfia, and 
 tvTEpov, 'intestine.' An organic deviation, cha 
 racterized by a longitudinal division of the in- 
 testine. 
 
 DIAS'TOLE, from kaari.y^'Xoi, (Sia and cteWu), 
 'I send,') 'I dilate,' 'I open.' Relaxa'tio seu 
 Remis'sio cordis et arteria'rum. Dilatation of 
 the heart and arteries, when the blood enters 
 their cavities. It is the opposite movement to 
 systole, in which the heart and arteries contract 
 
DIASTOLEUS 
 
 295 
 
 DIDYMUS 
 
 to send forth the blood. Diastole and systole are, |i 
 consequently, suc-cessive movements. Diastole, i 
 3fotus cordis diastal'ticiis, occurs simultaneonsly ] 
 in the two ventricles. The almost inappreciable ii 
 time, which elapses between the diastole and ij 
 systole has been called perisys'tole, and that jj 
 which succeeds to the diastole, peridiastole. 1] 
 When we speak of the contraction or systole of [j 
 the heart, as well as of its diastole or dilatation, 
 we mean that of the ventricles. This dilatation 
 is actii'e. 
 
 DIASTOLEUS, Dilator. 
 
 DIAS'TOLIC, Diastol'icus, Diastal'ticiis; 
 same etymon. Belonging to the diastole of the 
 heart — as 'diastolic impulse of the heart.' 
 
 Diastolic Iiipulse of the Heart, see Im- 
 pulse, diastolic. 
 
 DIASTOMO'TRIS, from liauToixou), (Sia, and 
 cTOfxa, 'mouth.') 'I dilate an aperture.' Dilat- 
 ing instruments, such as the different kinds of 
 specula for the mouth, anus, vagina, &c. 
 
 DIASTREMMA, Distortion, Perversion, 
 Sprain. 
 
 DI A STROPHE, Distortion, Perversion, 
 Sprain. 
 
 DIAT'ASIS, Disten'sio, from Siaruvoi, (Sta, 
 and TEii'M, 'I stretch,') 'I distend.' Tension. 
 The reduction of a fracture by extension and 
 counter-extension, 
 
 DIATES'SAROIT, from ha, and rtaaap^s, ' four.' 
 An electuary, into the composition of which en- 
 tered four medicines; viz. the roots of gentian, 
 aristolochia rotunda and hay-herries, each ,^ij. 
 Tioney Ibij. The whole was incorporated with 
 extract of juniper. The diapentes is nothing 
 more than this electuary, mixed with two ounces 
 of ivory shavings. The diatessaron is tonic, and 
 it was formerly employed in cases of stings and 
 bites of venomous animals. It was regarded as 
 emmenagogue, alexiterial, and alexipharmic. 
 
 DIATH'ESIS, from Sianeni^h {Sia, and Tienixt, 
 'to place,') 'I dispose.' Disposition, constitu- 
 tion, affection of the body : predisposition to cer- 
 tain diseases rather than to others; — (F.) Immi- 
 nence morbide. The principal diatheses, men- 
 tioned by authors, are the cancerous, scrofulous, 
 scorbutic, rheumatic, gouty and calculous. 
 
 Diathesis H^morrhoidalis, see Hsemor- 
 rhoids — d. Hemorrhagic, Hematophilia — d. Ner- 
 vosa, Nervous diathesis — d. Purulenta, see Pyo- 
 hsemia — d. Pbheumatic, see Rheumatic — d. 
 Sthenica, Sthenia. 
 
 DIATRAGACAN'THUS. A powder, com- 
 posed of gum tragacantli,"^!^, gum Arabic, "^j and 
 gij, starch, §ss, liquorice, ^uj, as much of the 
 seeds of the melon, and tvhite poppy ; seeds of the 
 water-melon, cucumber, and gourd, and sugar 
 iiandy ^iij. It was used as a demulcent. 
 
 DIATRESIS, Perforation. 
 
 DIATRIMMA, Chafing. 
 
 DTATRINSANTALON, see Diatrion. 
 
 DIATRI'ON, Diatri'um, from i^ta. and rptig, 
 'three.' A medicine composed of three ingre- 
 dients. There were formerly two kinds. The 
 first was called Diatri'um Pipe'reon spe'cies, and 
 was formed of blade and long pepper, aniseed, 
 thyme, and ginger. It was highly stimulating. 
 The second .species was known under the name, 
 Diatrinsnn' talon, Diatri'um Santalo'rum, pulvis, 
 or Poicder of the three Sanders. They were con- 
 sidered diaphoretic. 
 
 D I A T R I T A' R 1 1. The Methodists were so 
 cnlled, who pretended to cure all diseases by 
 subjecting the patients to treatment ever" third 
 day. 
 
 DIAT'RITOS. Relating to every third day, 
 and the means then used by the Methodists to 
 cure disease. 
 
 DIAZOMA, Diaphragm. 
 
 DIAZOSMA, Diaphragm. 
 
 DIAZOS'TER, from imil^wvvviii, (ha, and ^wv- 
 i'ii(j(, 'to gird,') 'I surround.' The twelfth ver- 
 tebra of the backj because it corresponds to tlie 
 girdle, ^uorj/p. 
 
 DIAZOSTRA, Diaphragm. 
 
 DIBOTHRIUM LATUM, Bothrioeephalus 
 latus. 
 
 DICEN'TRA CANADEN'SIS, Cory'dalis Ca- 
 naden'sis, (Sn, 'twice,' and (Civrpoi/, 'a spur.') 
 Squirrel corn. Colic tveed. Family, Fumariacese. 
 An indigenous plant, growing from Moine to 
 Wisconsin, which flowers in May, the flowers 
 having the odour of hyacinths. It has been 
 given internally in syphilis, and applied exter- 
 nally in syphilis and gonorrhoea. 
 
 DICEPHALIUM, Bicephalium. 
 
 DICEPH'ALUS, Biceph'alus, Derod'ymus et 
 lod'ymus, Jamis, from Si, 'double,' and KzipaXri, 
 'head.' A monster with two heads. 
 
 DICERAS RUDIS, Ditrachyceras rudis, see 
 Worms. 
 
 DICHALCON. A weight, equal to a third 
 part of the obolus. 
 
 DICHOPHY'IA, from ai^a, 'double,' and ^uu, 
 'I grow.' A disease of the hairs, in which they 
 split and grow forked. 
 
 DICHROMOS, Verbena ofScinalis. 
 
 DICIATRIA, Medicine, legal. 
 
 DICLIDOSTO'SIS, from ^ncXi?, 'a double 
 door,' and o<7rwo-(f, 'ossification.' Ossification of 
 valves — as of the heart. 
 
 DICLIS, Valve. 
 
 DICOR'YPHUS, D/cra'jixs, from h, 'double,' 
 Kopv(pr], ' the crown of the head.' A monster with 
 a double vertex or cranium. 
 
 DicoRYPHUS DiHTPOGASTRirs, Hemipages. 
 
 DICRANUS, Dicoryphus. 
 
 DI'CROTUS, Bisfer'iens, from iiq, 'twice,' and 
 KpoTiij), 'I strike.' An epithet given to the pulse, 
 when it seems to beat twice as fast as usual. It 
 is synonymous with the term rebounding, the 
 artery rebounding after striking, so as to con- 
 vey the sensation of a double pulsation. It has 
 been considered, and with truth, to frequently 
 foretell hemorrhage. In bad cases of typhus, it 
 certainly announces such a tendency. 
 
 DICTAMNE, Dictamnus albus — d. de Crete, 
 Origanum dictamnus. 
 
 DICTAM'NUS ALBUS, from Dictamnus, a 
 town in Crete; D. Fraxinel'la. Fraxinella, F. 
 Dictamnus, White Fraxinel'la, Bastard Dittany, 
 (F.) Dictamne, Fraxinelle. The fresh root has 
 been considered nervine, anthelmintic, and em- 
 menogogue. It is not used. 
 
 Dtctamxus Creticds, Origanum dictamnus — 
 d. Fraxinella, Dictamnus albus. 
 
 DICTYITIS, Retinitis. 
 
 DICTYON, Rete. 
 
 DIDELPHYS, Dihysteria. 
 
 DIDYMAL'GIA, from Stivi^oi, 'the testicles,' 
 and aXyo; 'pain.' Pain in the testicles. 
 
 DIDYMIS, Epididymis. 
 
 DIDYMITIS, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 DIDYMOS, Gemellus. 
 
 DIDYMUS, Testicle — d. Symphyogastrius, 
 Gastrodidymus — d. Sympbyohypogastrius, Hy- 
 
DIECBOLION 
 
 296 
 
 DIET 
 
 pogastrodidymus — d. SjmphyoperintEUS, Pygo- 
 didymus — d. Symphyothoracogastrius, Thoraco- 
 ffastrodidymus. 
 
 ' DIECBOL'ION, from &ia, and «j3aXXa), 'I cast 
 out.' A name given, by the ancients, to a remedy 
 ■which they believed capable of producing abor- 
 tion. 
 
 DIEEENBACH, MINERAL WATERS OP. 
 Dierenbach is a city in Bavaria, two leagues from 
 Tfhich is a sulphurous spring. 
 
 DIERVIL'LA TRIF'IDA, D. Canaden'sis 
 seu httea, Bush hwieysuckle. An indigenous 
 plant of the Honeysuckle trihe — Lonicerese. Ord. 
 Caprifoliacese — whose flowers appear from June 
 to August. It has been used as a diuretic; and 
 in gonorrhcea and syphilis. 
 
 DIES, He'mera, A day, (F.) Jovr. The day 
 is, properly, the period during which the solar 
 light illumines our horizon : but commonly, also, 
 we designate by the word day the period of 24 
 hours or Xycthe'meron, which is frequently di- 
 vided into four parts — morning, midda3f, evening, 
 and midnight. In antiquity, great importance 
 was attached to the observation of days in dis- 
 ease. The medical day is usually reckoned at 
 24 hours, — universally, in estimating the duration 
 of a disease. In parts of the United States, it 
 comprises only the time when the sun is above 
 
 the horizon, as regards the administration of 
 medicine, so that if a medicine be ordered to ba 
 taken four times a day, it is understood to mean 
 during the 12 hours of day. 
 
 Dies Caniculares, see Canicula — d. Contem- 
 plabiles. Critical days — d. Contemplantes, Indi- 
 cating days — d. Critici, Critical days — d. Decre- 
 torii. Critical days — d. Indicantes, Indicating 
 days — d. Indicatorii, Indicating dnys — d. Indices, 
 Indicating days — d. Internuntii, Critical days — 
 d. Judicatorii, Critical days — d. Radicales, Criti- 
 cal days. 
 
 DIET, DicB'ta, BicBte'ma, Victfis Ra'Ho, (F.) 
 Diete. Originally, this word signified nearly the 
 same thing as Hygiene and i?e^)"me)!,— that is, 
 Diet was the employment of every thing neces- 
 sary for the preservation of health and life. At 
 the present daj', it signifies a particular kind of 
 food, and, at times, a privation of food and drink ; 
 — abstinence. To put any one iipon diet, (F.) 
 metire qnelqu'un d la diete, means to deprive him 
 of his usual nourishment: — milk diet means a 
 diet of milk, &c. See Aliment, Dietetics, Hy- 
 giene, and Regimen. 
 
 Every well regulated hospital has certain diete- 
 tic regulations. The following Table of Dietary 
 shows the particular regimen that has been se- 
 lected for the sick, in certain hospitals. 
 
 DIET-TABLE OF DIFFERENT HOSPITALS OF GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND, AND 
 
 THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 L ENGLAND, 
 
 London Hospitals. 
 
 1. London Hospital. 
 
 Per Bay j 
 
 COMMON DIET. MTDDLE DIET. 
 
 LOW DIET. 
 
 inXK DIET. 
 
 12 or. Bread. j 
 
 
 
 
 1 pint Porter, 3Ien.\ 
 
 
 8 or.. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 h pint do., Women. 
 
 
 
 
 Brealifast 
 
 i Gruel. 
 
 
 Gruel. 
 
 Gruel. 
 
 
 8 oz. Beef, with Po- 
 tatoes, thrice a 
 week. 
 
 8 oz. Mutton, with 
 
 The same, except 
 
 that 4 oz. of Meat 
 
 " shall be given in- 
 
 
 
 
 Potatoes, twice a 
 week. 
 
 stead of 8 oz. 
 
 Broth. 
 
 1 pint Milk. 
 
 
 
 8 oz. Potatoes and 
 
 
 
 
 
 Soup,witb vegeta- 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 bles,twice a week. 
 
 
 
 
 Supper 
 
 1 pint of Broth. 
 
 J 
 
 Gruel or Broth. 
 
 1 pint Milk. 
 
 
 
 2. St 
 
 Bartholomeio's Hospital. 
 
 
 r 
 
 COMMON DIET. 1 BEOTH DIET. 
 
 1 
 
 TmN OE FEVER DIET. 
 
 MILK DIET. 
 
 Milk Porridge. 
 
 
 Milk Porridge. 
 
 Milk Porridge. 
 
 
 
 12 OZ. Bread. 
 
 
 12 OZ. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 
 
 6 oz. Mutton or Beef. 
 
 
 1 pint of Milk, with 
 
 2 pts. Milk, with Ta- 
 
 
 
 1 pint Broth [with Milk Porridge. 
 
 Tajjioca, Arrow 
 
 pioca, Arrow-root, 
 
 
 
 Peas or Potatoes, 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 root,Sago,orRice, 
 
 Sago, or Rice, as 
 
 Daily -j 
 
 4 times a week.] |2 pints Broth. 
 
 as may be pre- 
 
 may be prescribed. 
 
 
 
 2 pints Beer, 31en. \1 pint Beer. 
 
 scribed. 
 
 Barley water. 
 
 
 
 1 pint, Women. 
 
 1 oz. Butter. 
 
 Barley water. 
 
 1 oz. Butter. 
 
 
 
 1 oz. Butter, twice a 
 
 
 
 Bread Pudding, 
 
 
 
 week. 
 
 
 
 three times a week, 
 when ordered. 
 
DIET 
 
 297 
 
 DIET 
 
 Daily 
 
 Brealcfast . 
 
 Dinner. 
 
 Supper. 
 
 3. *S'(. Thomas's Hospital. 
 
 MILK DIET. 
 
 14 oz.!l2 oz. Bread. 
 
 2 pints Beer 
 
 Bread. 
 Water Gniel. 
 i^lb. of Beef when dress- 
 ed, twice a week; 4oz. 
 
 Butter, or 6 oz. of 
 
 Cheese, thrice a week ; 
 
 i lb. Mutton when 
 
 boiled, thrice a week. 
 1 pt. Broth, 4 times ail pint Milk. 
 
 week. 
 
 1 pint MUk. 
 
 1 pint Milk, 4 times 
 
 a week. 
 RicePudding, thrice 
 
 a week. 
 
 14 oz. Bread, 2 pints 
 Beer. 
 
 Water Gruel, 
 
 4 oz. Butter, 4 times 
 a week; RicePud- 
 ding and 4 oz. 
 of Butter, three 
 times a week. 
 
 12 oz. Bread; two 
 
 pints Beer. 
 Water Gruel, 
 i lb. Beef, for tea. 
 
 FETEB DIET. 
 
 
 
 4. ,S' 
 
 . George's Hospital. 
 
 
 
 
 EXTRA DIET. 
 
 ORDIXAF.Y DIET. 
 
 FISH DIET. 
 
 FEVER DIET. 
 
 BROTH DEBT. 
 
 iniK DIET. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 j 2 fen. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. ' 
 
 
 1 pint Beer. 
 
 
 Barley Water 
 
 
 
 Daily 
 
 ,2 pints Beer. 
 1 Wmnen. 
 \\.h pint Beer. 
 
 
 
 ad libitum. 
 
 
 
 Breal'fast , 
 
 :1 pint Tea. 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 
 !i pint Milk. 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 \ pint Milk. 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 
 12 oz. Meat, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 roasted 
 
 
 4 oz. of plain 
 
 Arrow-root 
 
 1 pint Broth 
 
 IJ pint Rice. 
 
 
 (weighed 
 
 One-half of 
 
 boiled white 
 
 <tc., must be 
 
 6 oz. light 
 
 Milk four 
 
 
 with the bone 
 
 the meat al- 
 
 fish (as Whi- 
 
 specially di- 
 
 Pudding. 
 
 days. 
 
 Dinner.. . . \ 
 
 before it is 
 
 lowed for ex- 
 
 ting, Plaice, 
 
 rected. 
 
 
 
 
 dressed) four 
 
 tra diet. 
 
 Flounders, or 
 
 
 
 i lb. Bread or 
 
 
 days,— boiled; 
 
 i lb. Potatoes. 
 
 Haddock.) 
 
 
 
 Rice Pudding 
 
 
 three days, i 
 
 
 
 
 
 three days. 
 
 
 lb. Potatoes. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Supper.. . . 
 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 
 i pint Llilk. 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 i pint Milk, ji pint Milk. 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 
 5. Guy's Hospital. 
 
 1 
 
 r 
 
 rCLL DIET. 
 
 MIDDLE DIET. LOW DIET. 
 
 jnXK DIET. 
 
 FEVER DIET. 
 
 14 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. | 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 6 OZ. Bread. 
 
 
 li oz. Butter. 
 
 U oz. Butter. 
 
 1 oz. Butter. 
 
 1 oz. Butter. 
 
 1 OZ. Butter. 
 
 Daily 
 
 
 1 qt. Table Beer. 
 
 Ipt. Table Beer. 
 
 Tea and Sugar. 
 
 2 pints Milk. 
 
 Tea and Sugar. 
 
 
 
 8 oz. Meat, when 
 
 4 oz. Meat, when 
 
 
 
 
 dressed. 
 
 dressed, and 
 i pint Broth. 
 
 Half a pound of Beef, (for Beef-tea,) or Arrow- 
 root or Sago, when ordered. 
 
 
 For each Diet, Gruel or Barley-water, as required. 
 
 6. Westminster Hospital. 
 
 
 
 
 Rpoov, OR. T^'■fn'^^ A tit.hr' 
 
 
 FULL DIET. MIDDLE DIET. 
 
 
 FEVER DIET. j DIET. 
 
 1 
 
 Fixed. 
 
 Casual. 
 
 
 
 Daily 
 
 14 OZ. Bread. 10 oz. Bread. 
 
 h lb. Bread. 
 
 — 
 
 S lb. Bread. 
 
 S lb. Bread. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J- lb. Meat. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 lib. Potatoes. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 pint Porter. 
 
 Brealcfast < 
 
 1 pint Milk 
 
 1 pint Milk 
 
 1 pint Tea, 
 
 — 
 
 1 pint Tea, 
 
 
 Porridge, or 
 
 Porridge, or 
 
 with Sugar 
 
 
 with Sugar 
 
 
 
 Rice Gruel. 
 
 thin Gruel. 
 
 and Milk. 
 
 
 and Milk. 
 
 
 Dinner . . - 
 
 i lb. Meat, 
 
 roasted, boiled, 
 
 or cliops. 
 
 I lb. IMeat, 
 
 roasted, boiled, 
 
 or chops. 
 
 No fixed Diet 
 for Dinner. 
 
 1 pint Broth, 
 or i lb. of 
 
 Bread, or Rice 
 Pudding, or 
 
 Barley Water. 
 
 
 
 i lb. of Pota-li lb. of Pota- 
 
 
 Ipt, Beef Tea, 
 
 
 
 
 toes. 
 
 toes. 
 
 
 or a Chop, 
 or Fish. 
 
 
 
 r 
 
 1 pint Milk 
 
 1 pint Milk 
 
 1 pint Tea, 
 
 — 
 
 1 pint Tea, 
 
 
 Supper . , < 
 
 Porridge, or 
 
 Porridge, or 
 
 with Sugar 
 
 
 with Sugar 
 
 
 I 
 
 Rice Gruel. 
 
 thin Gruel. | and Milk. 
 
 
 and Milk. 1 1 
 
 19 
 
DIET 
 
 298 
 
 DIET 
 
 7. Middlesex Hospital. 
 
 
 DLETA CAENIS, 
 
 DliETA JUSCUIJ, 
 
 MfflTA LACTIS, 
 
 DiaiTA SIMPLES, 
 
 1 
 
 
 OR 
 
 OR 
 
 OE 
 
 OR 
 
 CAUCER DIET. 
 
 Daily . . • • 
 
 MEAT DIET. 
 
 SOUP DIET. 
 
 MELK DIET. 
 
 SIMPLE DIET. 
 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 6 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 OZ. Bread. 
 
 
 
 
 
 i lb Meat. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i lb. Potatoes. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 pint Milk. 
 
 Breakfast. 
 
 1 pint Milk. 
 
 1 pint Milk. 
 
 1 pint Milk, 
 
 1 pint Barley- 
 water. 
 
 
 c 
 
 Physician's Patients. 
 
 1 pint Soup, 
 
 i pint of Milk 
 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 
 
 
 i lb. of Potatoes, 4 oz. 
 
 made with 4 
 
 with Rice-pud- 
 
 
 
 
 dressed meat, (beef or 
 
 oz. Beef, alter- 
 
 ding, 4 days. 
 
 
 
 
 mutton,) roast and 
 
 nately with 1 
 
 and with Bat- 
 
 
 
 
 boiled alternately, 4 
 
 pint of Broth 
 
 ter-pudding, 3 
 
 
 
 
 days. 
 
 with Barley. 
 
 days. 
 
 
 
 Dinner . - 
 
 4 oz. Meat in Soup, 3 
 days. 
 
 Surgeon's Patients. 
 1 lb. of Potatoes, 4 oz. 
 dressed meat, (beef or 
 mutton,) roast and 
 boiled alternately. 
 
 
 
 
 
 f 
 
 1 pint Gruel alternately 
 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 
 i pint Milk or 
 
 1 pint Gruel 
 
 
 Supper . < 
 
 with 1 pint of Barley- 
 
 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 
 or Barley-wa- 
 
 
 1 
 
 Tcater. 
 
 
 
 ter. 
 
 
 8. Nortli London Hospital. 
 
 Daily 
 
 FULL DIET. 
 
 MIDDLE DLET. 
 
 LOW DIET. 
 
 MILK DIET. 
 
 16 oz. Broad. 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 h lb. Meat and ^ lb. 
 
 Potatoes 4 days. 
 i pt. Soup or Rice 
 
 3 days. 
 
 16 oz. Bread. 
 i pint Milk. 
 1 pint Soup or 
 Rice. 
 
 8 oz. Bread. 
 
 I pint Milk. 
 
 Oatmeal for 
 
 Gruel. 
 
 17 oz. Bread. 
 2 pints Milk. 
 
 9. King's College Hospital. 
 
 
 f 
 
 FULL DIET. 
 
 MIDDLE DIET. 
 
 MILK DIET. 
 
 LOW DIET. 
 
 FEVER DIET. 
 
 1 pint Beer, or 
 
 
 
 
 
 Daily 
 
 ■1 
 
 J pint Porter. 
 14 oz. Bread. 
 
 14 oz. Bread. 
 
 1 lb. Bread, 
 
 8 oz. Bread, 
 
 
 
 Breakfast . . 
 
 •{ 
 
 1 pt. Milk Por- 
 ridge. 
 
 1 pt. Milk Por- 
 ridge. 
 
 1 pint Milk. 
 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 
 1 pint Gniel. 
 
 Dinner . . . 
 
 •! 
 
 i lb. Meat. 
 i lb. Potatoes. 
 
 i lb. Meat. 
 -I lb. Potatoes. 
 
 1 pint Milk. 
 
 1 pint Broth. 
 
 2 pints Barley- 
 water. 
 
 Supper . . . 
 
 
 1 pt. Milk Por- 
 ridge. 
 
 1 pt. Milk Por- 
 ridge. 
 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 
 1 pt. Milk Por- 
 ridge. 
 
 1 pt. Milk Por- 
 ridge. 
 
 10. Dreadnought Hospital Ship, 
 
 Breakfast. . . \ 
 
 Dinner -{ 
 
 I 
 Supper < 
 
 FULL DIET. 
 
 ORDINARY DIET. 
 
 LOW DIET. 
 
 MILK DIET. 
 
 FEVER DIET. 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 1 lb. Bread. 
 
 1 lb. Meat. 
 
 i lb. Potatoes. 
 
 2 pints Beer, 
 (if ordered.) 
 
 1 pint Broth. 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 Ditto. 
 \ lb. Meat, 
 i lb. Potatoes. 
 1 pint Beer, (if 
 ordered.) 
 
 1 pint Broth or 
 Gruel. 
 
 Ditto. 
 ^ lb. Bread. 
 
 1 pint of Beef 
 Tea. 
 
 1 pint Gruel or 
 Milk, (if or- 
 dered. 
 
 Ditto. 
 1 lb. Bread. 
 
 1 pint Milk, 
 1 pint Milk, 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 Gruel. 
 
 Gruel or Bar- 
 ley-water. 
 
DIET 
 
 299 
 
 DIET 
 
 HOSPITALS. 
 
 LiVEBPOOL. 
 
 Bristol. 
 
 Birmingham. 
 Revised 1819, 
 
 ORDINARY DIET. 
 
 Breakfast. — A jjint milk porridge, breaded every morn'g. 
 
 Dinner. — (1, 5, 7*) — Boiled beef and vegetables. — (2) 
 — Rice, milk, and bread. — (3) — Stewed beef and po- 
 tatoes.— (4)— Pea soup and bread. — (6) — ^Ale, gruel, 
 and bread. 
 
 Siqyper. — A pint of broth and bread on Sunday and 
 Thursday. A pint of milk and bread on the other days. 
 
 Pull Diet. — The same as the ordinary diet. 
 
 Breakfast. — On Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Satur- 
 day, milk porridge ; Monday, Wednesday, and Fri- 
 day, meat broth ; 12 oz. of bread on meat days ; 14 
 oz. on the other days. 
 
 Dinner. — (1, 3, 5) — Three-fourths of a pound of meat, 
 with vegetables ; two pints of beer daily. — (2, 4, 6, 7) 
 — A pint of gruel or pap. 
 
 Supper. — A wine pint of gruel of meal broth on Sun- 
 day ; 2 oz. of cheese for the men, one-fourth of an oz. 
 of butter for the women, on Monday, Wednesday, 
 Friday, and Saturday. 
 
 Full Diet. — The patients have meat every day. 
 
 Breakfast. — To each man a pint and a half of milk por- 
 ridge, with 4 oz. of bread added to it. To each wo- 
 man or child, one pint of milk porridge without 
 bread. To each patient 2 oz. of bread daily. 
 
 Dinner. — (1, 3, 5) — To each man 8 oz. of baked or boiled 
 meat; to each woman or child, 6 oz. To each patient, 
 6 oz. of vegetables, and one pint of beer daily. — (2) — 
 To each man, a quart of rice or barley broth, made 
 with a variety of vegetables ; to each woman or child, 
 one pint and a half. — (4) — Twelve ounces of boiled 
 rice or bread pudding. — (6) — Four oz. of boiled or 
 baked meat, a pint of rice or barley broth, made with 
 a variety of vegetables. — (7) — Six oz. of baked rice 
 or bread pudding, or a pint of rice or barley broth, 
 made with a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Supp>er. — A pint of broth, milk porridge, or gruel. 
 
 Full Diet. — Breakfast the same as in ordinary diet. 
 Dinner, 6 oz. of boiled or baked meat, 6 oz. of vege- 
 tables, 6 oz. of baked rice or bread pudding. Supper, 
 the same as ordinary diet. 
 
 Consists throughout the 
 day of milk porridge, 
 common batter, or rice, 
 pudding. 
 
 The ale and beer are 
 bought. 
 
 Breakfast.— A ytme quart 
 of milk porridge or milk. 
 
 Dinner. — A wine quart 
 of weak broth. 
 
 Suppier. — The same as 
 breakfast, 14 oz. of 
 bread, and barley-wa- 
 ter for common drink. 
 
 20 bushels of malt, 15 lbs. 
 of hops to 14 gals, of 
 strong ale ; 21 bush, of 
 malt, and 12 pounds of 
 hops, to 360 gals, of 
 ale ; 11 bush, of malt, 
 7 pounds of hops, to 
 360 gals, of small beer. 
 
 Breakfast. — The same as 
 ordinary diet. 
 
 Dinner. — A pint of broth 
 or rice milk, 6 oz. of 
 baked rice or bread 
 pudding to each pa- 
 tient every day. 
 
 Supper. — The same as 
 ordinary diet. 
 
 II. SCOTLAND. 
 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 Glasgow. 
 
 Breakfast. — One mutchkin of porridge, three gills of 
 milk or beer ; or five and one-fourth ounces of fine 
 bread, milk or beer. 
 
 Dinner. — (1,4) — One chopin of broth, 8 ounces of 
 butcher's meat boiled in the broth, or beef-steak ; five 
 and one-fourth ounces of bread. — (2, 5, 7) — A chopin 
 of broth made of beef and bones, barley, groats, pota- 
 toes, and vegetables ; five and a-half ounces of bread. 
 — (3, 6) — Potato soup, with beef and veal, or bones ; 
 bread as above. 
 
 Supper. — As the breakfast each day. 
 
 Full Diet. — At discretion. 
 
 Brealtfast. — Milk porridge, quantity not limited, with 
 half a mutchkin of sweet milk, or one mutchkin of 
 buttermilk or beer. 
 
 Dinner. — (1) — Broth made of barley, vegetables, and 
 the dripping of the meat roasted during the week, 
 with a quartern loaf to a man, and half to a woman. — 
 (2, 4) — Beef boiled : 8 oz. to the men, and 6 oz. to the 
 women ; a quartern loaf to a man, and half to a wo- 
 man, — or vegetables. — (3, 6) — Broth, made with beef, 
 barley, and vegetables ; a quartern loaf to men, and 
 half to women. — (5) — Potato soup, with cow heels, 
 bones, &c. — (7) — Six oz. of cheese to men, 4 oz. to 
 women ; bread as above. 
 
 Supper. — As the breakfast each day. 
 
 Full Diet. — At discretion. 
 
 At discretion. 
 
 At discretion. 
 
 * The figures la parentheses denote the days of the week. 
 
DIET 
 
 800 
 
 DIET 
 
 III. IRELAND, 
 
 5. Hospitals 
 
 of House of 
 
 Industry. 
 
 Stephen's 
 Hospital. 
 
 Royal Hos- 
 pital, Phoe- 
 nix Park. 
 
 Richmond 
 Hospital. 
 
 Belfast 
 Hospital. 
 
 Cork Fever 
 Hospital. 
 
 Per diem. — Sixteen oz. of white bread, one quart of new 
 milk, and one quart of buttermilk for whey. 
 
 Full Diet. — Two ounces of bread ^:'er diem, one quart 
 of broth, one quart of new milk. 
 
 Breakfast. — Half a pound of bread, one pint of milk. 
 
 Dinner. — (1, 2, 3, 5, 7) — One quart of soup, half a pound 
 of bread, or two pounds of potatoes ; one pint of milk 
 or beer. — (4, 6) — Twelve oz. of bread, one quart of 
 sweetened gruel. 
 
 Breakfast. — One pint of oatmeal or rice gruel. 
 Dinner. — Half a pound of meat, three-fourths of a pound 
 
 of bread ; one pound of potatoes. 
 Siq^per. — One pint of oatmeal or rice gruel. 
 Full Diet. — Three-fourths of a pound of meat, one 
 
 pound of bread, half a pound of potatoes, one quart 
 
 of beer. 
 
 Breakfast. — One quart of stirabout, one pint of new milk. 
 
 Dinner.— Bread, 8 oz. ; soup, 1 quart. 
 
 Supper. — Bread, 4 oz. ; new milk, one pint. 
 
 Full Diet. — Breakfast, bread, 8 oz. ; new milk, one 
 pint. — Dinner, bread, 8 oz. ; mutton or beef, 8 oz. — 
 Supper, bread, 4 oz. ; new milk, one pint. 
 
 Breakfast. — One pint of stirabout, one pint of new milk. 
 
 Dinner. — Half a pound of bread, one pint of new milk, 
 
 Supp>er. — One pint of flummery, one pint of new milk. 
 
 Full Diet. — Breakfast, one quart of stirabout, one pint 
 of new milk. — Dinner, 2 lbs. of potatoes, one pint of 
 milk. — Supper, one pint of flummery, one pint of new 
 milk. 
 
 Breakfast. — One half quartern loaf for every four, and 
 one pint of new milk each. Under 12 years, half a 
 quartern loaf for every eight. 
 
 Dinner. — (1, 3, 5) — One pound of beef, and two pounds 
 of potatoes. Under 12 years, half a pound of beef, 
 and one pound of potatoes. — (2, 4, 6, 7) — Potatoes 
 and milk. 
 
 Supper. — One pint of milk and one of stirabout, for 
 adults ; half do. for children. 
 
 One pint of flummery per 
 diem, one quart of new 
 milk, and one quart of 
 buttermilk for whey. 
 
 Daily, half a pound of 
 bread, two quarts of 
 new milk, and one 
 quart of buttermilk. 
 
 Breakfast. — Tea. 
 
 Dinner. — Half a pound 
 of bread made into pa^ 
 nada or pudding. 
 
 Breakfast. — Flummery, 
 one pint; new milk, 
 one pint. 
 
 Supp)er. — Half a pound of 
 bread, one pint of milk. 
 
 Per diem. — Quarter of a 
 pound of bread, one 
 quart of gniel, three 
 pints of new milk, half 
 a pint of flummery. 
 Barley water at occa- 
 sions. 
 
 Breakfast. — One - fourth 
 of a lb. of bread, with 
 milk and water sweet- 
 ened. 
 
 Dinner. — Gruel, broth, 
 wine, and porter, as or- 
 dered by the physician. 
 
 IV. UNITED STATES. 
 
 Peiinstlva- 
 jjiA Hospi- 
 tal, Philada. 
 
 Philadel- 
 phia 
 Hospital, 
 (Blockley.) 
 
 I Nea"^ York 
 Hospital, 
 N. York City. 
 
 Breakfast. — Tea, coffee, or chocolate, with sugar or mo- 
 lasses and milk,and common baker's bread at discretion. 
 
 Dinner. — Soup always; meat of two kinds — mutton and 
 beef, generally — pork frequently ; vegetables, accord- 
 ing to the season ; potatoes and rice, always. 
 
 Supper. — Tea and bread : no butter allowed either to 
 breakfast or supper, unless prescribed. 
 
 House Diet. — Arrow-root, gruel, sago, tapioca, rice, 
 beef tea, beef essence, chicken water, rice water, bar- 
 ley water, gum water, flaxseed tea, lemonade. (The 
 diet on which the sick are placed on entering the 
 house until otherwise directed.) 
 
 Moderate Diet. — Tea, crackers, broth, rice, mush, 
 milk, potatoes, &c. 
 
 Full Diet. — Bread, coffee, tea, white meat, mutton, 
 beef, ham, eggs, butter, soup, potatoes, &c. 
 
 Breakfast. — Bread and black tea, one ounce of tea to 
 
 every sis, and a pint of milk to every eight patients. 
 
 Dinner. — Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Satur- 
 days, beef soup, with beef and potatoes, and bread. 
 On Mondays, boiled rice, with one gill of molasses. 
 
 Supper. — The same as breakfast. 
 
 Gruel, gum water, barley 
 water, and other arti- 
 cles prescribed by the 
 physician. 
 
 The kind and quantity 
 left to the physician. 
 The House Diet may be 
 regarded as low diet. 
 
 Special diet is directed 
 by the attending phy- 
 sician, and adapted to 
 each case. 
 
DIET DRINK 
 
 301 
 
 DIGESTIBLE 
 
 The Diet Scale of ilie British Navy allows from 
 31 to 35^ ounces of dry nutritious matter daily; 
 of which 26 ounces are vegetable, and the rest 
 animal — 9 ounces of salt meat, or 4^ ounces of 
 fresh. 
 
 That of the Navy of the United States is as 
 follows : — Three days in the loeeJc — Pork, 16 oz. ; 
 beans or peas, 7 oz. ; biscuit, 14 oz.; pickles or 
 cranberries, 1 oz. ; sugar, 2 oz. ; tea, J oz. ; — 40^ 
 oz. Two days in the iceek — Beef, 16 oz.; flour, 
 8 oz. ; fruit, dried, 4 oz.; biscuit, 14 oz. ; tea and 
 sugar, 2J oz. ; pickles or cranberries, 1 oz. ; — 
 45^ oz. Two days in the week — Beef, 16 oz. ; 
 rice, 8 oz. ; butter, 2 oz. ; cheese, 2 oz. ; biscuit, 
 14 oz. ; tea and sugar, 2i oz. ; pickles or cran- 
 berries, 1 oz. ; — ioi oz. 
 
 In the Edinburgh workhouse the total allow- 
 ance of dry food is about 17 ounces — 13 ounces 
 vegetable, and 4 ounces animal. In the Edin- 
 burgh children's poor-house, the diet consists of 
 milk and porridge, barley broth and bread, 
 amounting to 13 ounces of vegetable food to 4 
 ounces of animal. These allowances have been 
 found ample for the maintenance of health. Per- 
 haps the case of the smallest quantity of food on 
 which life was vigorouslj' supported was that of 
 Cornaro, — not more than 12 ounces a day, chiefly 
 of vegetable matter, for a period of 58 years. 
 
 DIET DRINK. A decoction or potion, va- 
 riously composed, and used in considerable quan- 
 tity, for the purpose of purifying the blood. The 
 Decoc'tum Lnsitan'icum or Lisbon Diet-drink is 
 me of the most celebrated. See Decoctum Sar- 
 saparillee Compositum. 
 
 Diet, Dry. A diet in which there is but a 
 small or no allowance of fluid. 
 
 DIETARY, TABLE OF, see Diet Scale. 
 
 DIETE, Diet. 
 
 DIETET'ICS, DicBfet'iee, Dimtet'icn, Bfedici'na 
 DicBtet'ica ; same etymon. (F.) Dietetique. A 
 branch of medicine, comprising the rules to be 
 followed for preventing, relieving, or curing dis- 
 eases by diet. Dietetics is diet administered ac- 
 cording to principle. It is an important part of 
 Hygiene. A well regulated system of diet has 
 great power in checking disease, and likewise in 
 preventing it. A proper knowledge of dietetics 
 is, indeed, as important as that of the Materia 
 Medica, strictly so called. 
 
 Dietetics has been used, also, synonymously 
 with Hygiene. 
 
 DIETETIQUE, Dietetics. 
 
 DIETET'ISTS, DicBtetis'ta, (F.) Dietefiafes. 
 Physicians who apply only the rules of dietetics 
 to the treatment of disease. 
 
 DIEU-LE-FILT, MINERAL AVATERS OF. 
 The waters of Dieu-le-ftlt, in France, are chaly- 
 beate, and much sought after. 
 
 DIEURYSMUS, Dilatation. 
 
 DIEX'ODOS, from iia, and t^oSo;, 'an exit or 
 tvay out.' Di'odos. Any opening by which an 
 excretion takes place. 
 
 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS, see Diacri- 
 tica signa. 
 
 DIFFERENTIATION, Development. 
 
 DIFFICULTAS INTESTINORUM, Dysen- 
 tery. 
 
 DIFFLATIO, Perspiration. 
 
 DIFF0R3IITE, Deformation. 
 
 DIFFU'SIBLE, (stimulants) from diffundere, 
 [dis, and fundere, fvsum, 'to pour,') 'to pour 
 apart or abroad.' Those stimulating medicines 
 are so called, which augment the action of the 
 vascular and nervous systems in an acute but 
 transitory manner. 
 
 DIGAS'TRICUS, from hs, 'twice,' and yaar-np, 
 'a belly:' Biven'ter, B. Maxill'm, Dep'rimena 
 Maxil'la Biven'ter, Bigas'ter, (F.) Masto'iduhyo- 
 genien, Masto'ido-genien — (Ch.), Digastriqtic, 
 Ahaisseur de la machoire iv/erietire. The name 
 Digastricus was formerly given to several mus- 
 cles. It is now restricted to one of the muscle? 
 of the superior hyoid region. The digastricus is 
 thick and fleshy at its extremities, thin and ten- 
 dinous at its middle. It is attached to the mas- 
 toid groove of the temporal bone, and to a fos- 
 sette at the side of the symphysis menti. Its 
 tendon passes through an aponeurotic ring, which 
 is attached to the os hyoides. 
 
 The use of the digastricus is to depress the 
 lower jaw, or to raise the os hyoides, and to carry 
 it forwards or backwards, as in deglutition. 
 
 The strong double-bellied muscle, which forma 
 the gizzard of birds, is also called Digastricus. 
 
 Digastricus Craxii, Occipito-frontalis. 
 
 DIGASTRIQUE, Digastricus. 
 
 DI6ENY, see Generation. 
 
 DIGERENTIA, Digestives. 
 
 DIGES'TIBLE, Concoc'lus hah'ilis. Capable 
 of being digested. All food is not equally di- 
 gestible, and some of the most important is the 
 least so : — the fat of meat, for example. Certain 
 substances, again, are entirely rebellious. The 
 following table exhibits the time required for the 
 stomachal digestion of different alimentary sub- 
 stances, in a well-known case, which fell under 
 the care of Dr. Beaumont. The table is extracted 
 from the Author's Human Health, Philadelphia, 
 1844. The most digestible substances are taken 
 as the standard, which has been arbitrarily fixed 
 at 1000; and accordingly, aponeurosis, the first 
 article in the table, requiring 3 hours, whilst 
 X>igs' feet sauted, rice, &c., require but one, its 
 digestibility, compared with that of these ali- 
 ments, is placed as 333 to 1000; and so of the 
 others. It need scarcely be said, that all these 
 tabular results apply, in strictness, to the indi- 
 vidual concerned only; yet they afi"ord useful 
 comparative views, which with exceptions de- 
 pending upon individual peculiarities, may be 
 regarded as approximations applicable to man- 
 kind in general. 
 
DIGESTIFS 
 
 302 
 
 DIGITAL 
 
 Aponeurosis 
 
 Apptes, mellow 
 
 Do, sour, hard 
 
 Do. sweet, mellow . .. 
 
 Barley 
 
 Bass, striped, fresli 
 
 Beans, pod 
 
 Do. and green corn.. . . 
 Bpef, fresh, lean, rare 
 
 Do. do. do. dry 
 
 Do. do. steak 
 
 Do. with salt only 
 
 Do. with mustard, &c.. . 
 
 Do 
 
 Do. old, hard salted 
 
 Beets 
 
 Brains, animal 
 
 Bread, corn 
 
 Do, wheat, fresii 
 
 Bntterf 
 
 Cabbage, head 
 
 Do. witii vinegar. .. 
 
 Do 
 
 Cake, corn 
 
 Do. sponge 
 
 Carrot, orange 
 
 Cartilage 
 
 Catfish, fresh 
 
 Cheese, old, strong 
 
 Chicken, full grown 
 
 Codfish, cured dry 
 
 Corn (green) and beans. .. 
 
 Cuslard 
 
 Duck, domesticated 
 
 Do. wild 
 
 Dumpling, apple 
 
 Eggs, fresh 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do, 
 
 Do. 
 
 Form of 
 prepara- 
 
 Do. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Flounder, fresli . .. . 
 Fowls, domestic . . . 
 
 Do. do , 
 
 Gelatin 
 
 Goose, wild 
 
 Heart, animal 
 
 Lamb, fresh 
 
 Liver, beefs, fresh 
 
 boiled 
 raw 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 boiled 
 broiled 
 boiled 
 
 do. 
 roasted 
 
 do. 
 broiled 
 boiled 
 
 do. 
 fried 
 boiled 
 boiled 
 boiled 
 baked 
 baked 
 melted 
 raw 
 do. 
 boiled 
 baked 
 
 do. 
 boiled 
 
 do. 
 fried 
 raw 
 
 fricasseed 
 boiled 
 boiled 
 baked 
 roasted 
 
 do. 
 boiled 
 hard boiled 
 sort boiled 
 fried 
 roasted 
 raw 
 
 whipped 
 fried 
 boiled 
 roasted 
 boiled 
 roasted 
 fried 
 boiled 
 
 do. 
 
 
 c to u ■- ■ 
 7. « 
 
 333 
 
 500 
 352 
 54.5 
 500 
 333 
 400 
 2(Jt) 
 333 
 285 
 333 
 3tj3 
 285 
 250 
 235 
 2til) 
 571 
 302 
 285 
 285 
 400 
 500 
 2-^2 
 333 
 400 
 302 
 235 
 285 
 285 
 3(i3 
 500 
 2liG 
 3il3 
 250 
 222 
 333 
 285 
 333 
 285 
 444 
 500 
 C6G 
 285 
 250 
 2.^ 
 400 
 400 
 250 
 400 
 500 
 
 Aliments. 
 
 Form of 
 prepara- 
 
 Marrow, animal, spinal . 
 Moat and vegetables .... 
 
 Milk 
 
 Do 
 
 Mutton, fresh 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do, do 
 
 Oysters, fresh 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Parsnips 
 
 Pig, sucking 
 
 Pigs' feet, soused 
 
 Pork, fat and lean 
 
 Do. recently salted 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Potatoes, Irish 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Rice 
 
 Sago . , 
 
 Salmon, salted 
 
 Sausage, fresh 
 
 Soup, barley 
 
 Do. bean 
 
 Do. beef vegetables, and 
 
 bread 
 
 Do. chicken 
 
 Soup marrow bones 
 
 Do. mutton 
 
 Do. oyster 
 
 Suet, beef fresh 
 
 Do. mutton 
 
 Tapioca 
 
 Tendon, boiled 
 
 Tripe, soused 
 
 Trout, salmon, fresh .... 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Turkey, domestic 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do. wild 
 
 Turnips, flat 
 
 Veal, fresh 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Vegetables and meat 
 
 hashed 
 
 Venison, steak 
 
 boiled 
 
 hashed 
 
 boiled 
 
 raw 
 
 roasted 
 
 broiled 
 
 boiled 
 
 raw 
 
 roasted 
 
 stewed 
 
 boiled 
 
 roasted 
 
 boiled 
 
 roasted 
 
 boiled 
 
 fried 
 
 broiled 
 
 raw 
 
 stewed 
 
 boiled 
 
 roasted 
 
 baked 
 
 boiled 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 broiled 
 boiled 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 fried 
 roasted 
 boiled 
 roasted 
 boiled 
 broiled 
 fried 
 
 warmed 
 broiled 
 
 k.m. 
 
 2 40 
 
 30 
 
 2 15 
 
 3 15 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 2 5.5 
 
 3 Jo 
 3 30 
 2 30 
 2 30 
 1 
 
 5 15 
 30 
 15 
 15 
 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 1 45 
 4 
 
 3 20 
 1 30 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 4 15 
 3 30 
 
 3 30 
 
 5 30 
 
 4 30 
 2 
 
 5 30 
 1 
 
 1 30 
 
 1 30 
 
 2 30 
 2 25 
 
 2 18 
 
 3 30 
 4 
 
 30 
 
 2 30 
 1 35 
 
 375 
 400 
 500 
 444 
 307 
 333 
 333 
 342 
 307 
 285 
 400 
 400 
 1000 
 190 
 222 
 235 
 ' 302 
 333 
 333 
 285 
 '400 
 400 
 1000 
 571 
 250 
 300 
 C66 
 333 
 
 250 
 333 
 235 
 
 285 
 285 
 181 
 222 
 500 
 181 
 1000 
 066 
 666 
 400 
 511 
 435 
 285 
 250 
 222 
 
 400 
 631 
 
 * Pigs' feet soused, rice, and tripe soused, being the most digestible articles in the table, are estimated at 1000. 
 t In the case of oils, and other substances of si[nilar nature, which undergo little digestion in the stomach, 
 the time merely indicates the period that elapses before they are sent into the duodenum. 
 
 DIGESTIFS, Digestives. 
 
 DIGESTIO, Digestion— (1. Depravata, Dys- 
 pepsia — d. Difficilis, Dyspepsia — d. Lsesa, Dys- 
 pepsia. 
 
 DIGES'TION, Bigest'io, from digere, ' to dis- 
 solve;' Coctio, C. Cibo'rum, Pep'sif, Diges'tive 
 Proc"eas. Digestion is a function, by means of 
 ■which alimentary substances, when introduced 
 into the digestive canal, undergo different altera- 
 tions. The object of this is to convert them into 
 two parts ; the one, a reparatory juice, destined 
 to renew the perpetual waste occurring in the 
 economy : the other, deprived of its nutritious 
 properties, to be rejected from the body. This 
 function is composed of a series of organic ac- 
 tions, differing according to the particular organi- 
 zation of the animal. In man they are eight in 
 number, viz: 1. Prehension of food. 2. Mastica- 
 tion. 3. Insalivation. 4. Deglutition. 5. Action 
 of the stomach. 6. Action of the small intestine. 
 7. Action of the large intestine. 8. Expulsion of 
 the fasces. 
 
 Digestion is also a pharmaceutical operation, 
 
 which consists in treating certain solid substances 
 with water, alcohol, or other menstruum, at a 
 slightly elevated temperature, — in a sand-bath, 
 for example, or by leaving them exposed for some 
 time to the sun. 
 
 DIGESTIVE, see Digestives — d. Principle, 
 Pepsin — d. Process, Digestion. 
 
 Digestive Texture. The particular organic 
 condition of substances which affects their diges- 
 tibility. 
 
 Digestive Tube, Canal, alimentary. 
 
 Diges'tives, Digesti'va, Digeren'tta ; same 
 etymon as Digestion. (F.) Digestifs. A term 
 given, by surgeons, to substances, which, when 
 applied to a wound or ulcer, promote suppura- 
 tion ; as the ceratum resinm, toarni cataplasms, 
 fomentations, &e. Such substances are vulgarly 
 termed draioing. 
 
 DIG"ITAL, Digita'lis ; from digitus, 'a fin- 
 ger:' having the shape of a finger; digitated. 
 Belonging to the fingers. 
 
 The Appen'dix vennifor' mis cceci is sometimes 
 called Dig"ital Appen'dix. 
 
DIGITAL BLANC 
 
 30: 
 
 DILATING AGENTS 
 
 Digital Arteries, Vein's, and Nerves, are 
 those distributed to the fingers. 
 
 DIGITAL BLANC, Clavaria. 
 
 Digital Cavity, An'cyroid cavity, Cornii, de- 
 scen'de)i8 veiUric'uli latera'lis. The occipital por- 
 tion of the lateral ventricle of the brain. 
 
 DIGITAL HU3IAIN, Clavaria. 
 
 Digital Impressions, see Impressions Digital, 
 are the slight depressions observable on the inner 
 surface of the bones of the cranium, which corre- 
 spond to the cerebral convolutions. 
 
 DIGITALE PETITE, Gratiola officinalis. 
 
 DIGITA'LE. Same etymon as Digital. (F.) 
 Doigtier. A finger stall. The term Doigtier 
 d' Asdrnhali has been given to a small iron in- 
 strument used for measuring the dimensions of 
 the pelvis. Placed at the end of the index fin- 
 ger, it adds to its length and enables it to reach 
 the promontory of the sacrum. 
 
 DIGITALINE, see Digitalis. 
 
 DIGITA'LIS, from digitus, 'a finger,' because 
 its flower represents a finger ; Digita'lis purpu'- 
 re.a, Bac'charis, Baechar, Baccar, [.?] Fox-glove, 
 (Sc.) Deadmen's hells, (Prov.) Flapdoclc. Ord. 
 ScrophularinesB. Sex. Si/st. Didynamia Angio- 
 spermia. (F.) Digitate, Gants de notre dame, 
 Doigtier. The leaves of this plant, which are 
 indigenous in Great Britain, are powerfully seda- 
 tive, diminishing the velocity of the pulse, diu- 
 retic, and sorbefacient. In over-doses, Digitalis 
 causes vomiting, purging, dimness of sight, ver- 
 tigo, delirium, hiccough, convulsions, and death : 
 — all the symptoms, in short, which characterize 
 the acro-narcotic class of poisons. Its active 
 principle has been called Dig"italine. It is a 
 hundred-fold stronger than the most active pre- 
 paration of digitalis. 
 
 Digitalis has been administered in inflamma- 
 tory diseases, phthisis, active hemorrhage, drop- 
 sy, &c. ; but although it is a powerful remedy, it 
 has not been as much employed as it probably 
 would have been in particular cases, owing to 
 the over-strained eulogiums, which many have 
 passed upon it in almost all diseases. The ave- 
 rage dose is one grain, in the form of pill, which 
 may be repeated every six or eight hours. 
 
 Digitalis Minima, Gratiola officinalis. 
 
 DIGITARIA DACTYLON, Cynodon dactylon. 
 
 DIGITA'TION, Digita'tio, Produc'tio deuta'ta, 
 Inser'tio denticula'tu, I. digita'ta, (F.) Dentatiire, 
 Dentelure. A division into processes having the 
 form of fingers. Several muscles, as the serati, 
 exhibit digitations, similar to those which the 
 fingers form, when held separate. 
 
 DIGITATIONES TUBARUM fallopii, 
 see Tube, Fallopian. 
 
 DIGIT"IUM. Desiccation or atrophy of the 
 fingers. — Linna3us. Sauvages calls the same af- 
 fection Paronyeh'ia Diqit"ium, see Paronychia. 
 
 DIGITORUM TENSOR, Extensor brevis digi- 
 torum pedis. 
 
 DIG"ITUS, Dae'tylos, Finger, (F.) Doigt. A 
 name given to the prolongations which form the 
 extremity of the hand. There are five on each 
 hand: the first, the thumb, Anticheir, Pollex, 
 Alius Pollex, Ifanus parva majo'ri adju'trix, 
 Dig"itus primus seu magnus, Pro'manus, (F.) 
 Pouce ; the second, the index. Digitus index seu 
 secitn'dus seu saluta'ris seu saluta'rius seu de- 
 monstrato'rius seu demonstrati'vus, Indica'tor, 
 Demonstra'tor, Li'ehanos ; the third, D. me'dius 
 seu ter'tius seu famo'sus seu impudi'cus seu ob- 
 sece'mts sou infa'mia seu verpus, (F.) Doigt du 
 milie\i, middle finger or long finger ; the fourth, 
 the ring finger. Digitus annula'ris, Param'esos, 
 D. quartns seu medicina'lis seu med'icus seu cor- 
 dis, lat'ricus, (F.) Annidaire : and the little 
 finger, Oti'tes, Dig"itus auricula'ris seu min'imus 
 seu parvus seu quintus seu myops seu oti'tes, (F.) 
 
 Auriculairc, Petit doigt. All of these have three 
 phalanges, except the first, which has only two. 
 
 Digitus Annulaeis, Annular finger — d. Au- 
 rioularis, see Digitus — d. Cordis, see Digitus— d. 
 Demonstrativus, see Digitus — d. Demonstrato- 
 rius, see Digitus — d. Famosus, see Digitus- — d. 
 Impudicus, see Digitus — d. .Index, Index, see 
 Digitus — d. Indicatorius, Index, see Digitus — d. 
 Infamis, see Digitus — d. Magnus, Pollex, see 
 Digitus— d. Medicinalis, see Digitus — d. Medicus, 
 see Digitus — d. Medius, see Digitus — d. Minimus, 
 see Digitus — d. Myops, see Digitus — d. Obscoenus, 
 see Digitus — d. Otites, see Digitus — d. Parvus, 
 see Digitus. 
 
 Dig"itus Pedis, Toe, (Sc.) Tae, (P.) Orteil. 
 The toes are five in number, and distinguished 
 numerically, reckoning from within to without. 
 The first is, also, called great toe, tom-toe, (F.) 
 gros orteil; the fifth, the little toe, petit orteil. 
 They have nearly the same organization as the 
 fingers. 
 
 Digitus Primus, Pollex, see Digitus — d. Quar- 
 tus, see Digitus — d. Quintus, see Digitus — d. Salu- 
 taris, see Digitus — d. Salutarius, see Digitus — d. 
 Salutatorius, Index — d. Secundus, Index, see 
 Digitus. 
 
 Digitus Semimor'tuus. 'Half dead finger.' A 
 torpid condition of the fingers, met with in con- 
 nection with chlorosis, and cerebro-spinal affec- 
 tions. 
 
 Digitus Supernumera'rius, Supemu'merarT/ 
 finger, (F.) Doigt surnumeraire. An occasional 
 monstrosity occurs, in which there are supernu- 
 merary fingers ; and at times owing to hereditary- 
 transmission. 
 
 Digitus Tertius, see Digitus — d. Verpus, see 
 Digitus. 
 
 DIGNA'THUS, from Si, 'double,' and yvados, 
 'lower jaw.' A monster having two lower jaws, 
 — Gurlt. 
 
 DIGNOTIO, Diagnosis. 
 
 DIHYPOGAS'TRIUS, from Si, 'double,' and 
 'vn-oyaarpiov, 'the hypogastrium.' A monster 
 whose pelvis, together with the lower portion of 
 the abdomen, is double. 
 
 DIHYSTE'RIA, Dime'tra, Didel'pliys, V'terus 
 duplex, from Si, ' double,' amd 'vuTiprj, ' uterus.' 
 The state in which there is a double uterus. 
 
 DIJUDICATIO, Crisis. 
 
 DILACERATIO, Laceration. 
 
 DILATANTS, Dilating agents. 
 
 DILATATEUR, Dilator — cZ. Anterieur die 
 larynx, Crico-thyroid muscle — d. Posterieur du 
 larynx, Crico-arytenoid, posterior. 
 
 DILATATIO BRONCHIORUM, Bronchia, 
 dilatation of the — d. Ventriculi, Gastrectasis — d. 
 Intestinorum, Enterectasis. 
 
 DILATA'TION, dilata'tio, from dilafare, dila- 
 tntnm. (latum facere,) 'to enlarge;' Eurys'mus, 
 Aneurys'mus, Dleurys'mus. Augmentation of the 
 bulk of a body, occasioned by a separation of 
 some of its molecules. Caloric has the property 
 of dilating all bodies. In Surgery, it means the 
 accidental or preternatural augmentation of a 
 canal or opening: as in aneurisms, varices, &c., 
 or the process of enlarging any aperture or canal. 
 When used so as to obtain a view of parts, as by 
 the speculum, it is termed Dioptris'mus. 
 
 DILATATOIRE, Dilator. 
 
 DILATATORIUM, Dilator. 
 
 DILATATORIUS, Dilator. 
 
 DILA'TING AGENTS, Dilatan'tia, (F.) Di- 
 latants. Certain substances used in surgery, 
 either to keep parts separate which have a ten- 
 dency to unite — as after opening an abscess, to 
 prevent the edges of the incision from uniting; 
 or to increase and dilate openings of canals, either 
 when natural, or formed accidentally or artifici- 
 ally. These agents differ from each other: t^^'^ 
 
DILATOR 
 
 804 
 
 DIPHTHERIA 
 
 cTiief are — prepared sj^onge tents, gentian root, 
 bougies, sounds, dried 2}eas for issues, &c. 
 
 DILA'TOR, Bilatato'rius, Diastoleus, (F.) Bi- 
 lataleur ou JDilatatoire. A muscle, whose office 
 it is to dilate certain parts; such as the inspira- 
 tory muscles, which dilate the chest. 
 
 Dilator, Dilatato'ritim, (F.) Dilatateur. An 
 instrument, used for dilating a wound, excretory 
 canal, or other natural or artificial opening. When 
 employed to obtain an inspection of internal 
 parts, it is termed Spec'tdum, Diop'tra, or Dinp'- 
 tron. There are several instruments of this kind, 
 each taking its name from the part to which it is 
 applied; as Speculum Oris, S. Nasi, S. Uteri, &o. 
 Dilator, Arnott's. A modification of the old 
 dilators for strictures of the urethra. It consists 
 of a tube of oiled silk, lined with the thin gut of 
 some small animal to make it air-tight, and fixed 
 on the extremity of a small canula. by which it 
 is distended with air or water, from a bag or 
 S3'ringe at the outer end, whilst a stop-cock or 
 valve serves to keep the air or water in, when 
 received. As soon as the bag is passed within 
 the stricture or strictures, as much air is to be 
 injected into it as the patient can easily bear. 
 The instrument is not much used. 
 
 DiLATORES Alarum Nasi, Compressor Naris. 
 
 DILATRIS TINCTORIA, Laohnanthes tinc- 
 toria. 
 
 DILL, Anethum graveolens. 
 
 DILLY, Anthemis cotula. 
 
 DILUEN'TIA, from diluo, (dis, and luere,) 'I 
 wash away.' (F.) Delayants. Medicines which 
 have been conceived proper for augmenting the 
 fluidity of the blood and other animal liquids. 
 All aqueous drinks are diluents. They are ad- 
 ministered, with great advantage, in various dis- 
 eases. In fever, water, which is the most fiimiliar 
 diluent, may be freely allowed; the only precau- 
 tion being to give it hot in the cold stage, cold in 
 the hot, and tepid in the sweating. In diseases, 
 where it is considered necessary to abstract blood 
 largel}', diluents should not be given too freely. 
 The abstraction of blood occasions activity of 
 absorption, and the mass is speedily restored. It 
 is also obvious, that in cases of inflammation of 
 the mammsB, in nurses, diluents should not be 
 freely allowed, as they increase the secretion of 
 milk, and add to the irritation. When demxdcents 
 are exhibited in cases of urinary disease, they act 
 simply as diluents: their mucilaginous portion is 
 digested in the stomach and small intestine, — 
 the watery portion alone being separated by the 
 kidney. 
 
 DILWEED, Anthemis cotula. 
 
 DIMETRA, Dihysteria. 
 
 DINANT, MINERAL WATERS OF. Dinant 
 is a small town, six leagues from St. Malo, in 
 France, where are mineral waters, containing car- 
 bonate of iron, chloride of sodium, kc. They are 
 much esteemed. 
 
 DINGEE, Dengue. 
 
 DINIC, Antidinie. 
 
 DINKHOLD, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 rich carbonated water, situate near the junction 
 of the Lahn with the Rhine, in the duchy of Nas- 
 sau. It contains sulphate of soda, chloride of 
 sodium, carbonate of soda, sulphate of lime, car- 
 bonate of lime, and sulphate of magnesia. 
 
 DINOMANIA, Tarantismus. 
 
 DINUS, Vertigo — d. Scotoma, Seotodynia — d. 
 Vertigo, Vertigo. 
 
 DIOBOLON. Scruple. 
 
 DIOCRES, Pastil. 
 
 DIODONCEPHALUS, (F.) DiodoncSpJmle, 
 from iti. 'twice,' oSov;, oSovto;, 'a, tooth,' and 
 KCipa'Xri, 'head.' A monster with a double range 
 of teeth, or double jaw. 
 
 DIODOS, Diexodos. 
 
 DKECESIS, Dispensation. 
 
 DIONCO'SIS, from bia, and oyKo;, 'a tumour.' 
 The Methodists applied this name to a sort of 
 tumefaction or plethora, occurring either directly 
 from too great a quantity of fluid circulating in 
 the system, or owing to the retention of sub- 
 stances which ought to be excreted. It is the 
 antithesis to si/mjytosis. See Intumescence. 
 
 DIONYSIA'NUS, (F.) Dionysien, from Ajoru- 
 aoi, 'Bacchus,' who is represented by the poets as 
 wearing horns. One who has long or horn-like 
 excrescences. 
 
 DIONYSIS'CUS, same etymon. One who has 
 a long born-like excrescence on the frontal region. 
 — Vogel. 
 
 Dl'OPHTHALMUS, Binoculus. 
 
 DIOPTRA, Speculum, see Dilator. 
 
 DIOPTRISMUS, Dilatation. 
 
 DIOPTRON, Speculum, see Dilator. 
 
 DIORTHO'SIS,from iiop^m, 'I make straight.' 
 The reduction of a fractured or luxated limb. 
 
 DIOSCORBA, (a,fter Dioscorides,) see Yam. 
 
 Diosco'rea Villo'sa, Wild Yamroot ; indi- 
 genous : Order, Dioscoriaceae ; flowering in July. 
 A decoction of the root has been prescribed in 
 bilious colic. It is said to be expectorant, dia- 
 phoretic, and, in large doses, emetic. 
 
 DIOSCURL Parotis. 
 
 DIOSMA, D. crenata. 
 
 Dios'ma Crena'ta, from 6ios, 'divine,' and 
 oann, ' odour.' Baros'ma crena'ta, Agathos'ma 
 crena'tum, Buehu Leaves, Diosma (Ph. U. S., 
 1842, Buchv, 1851), Bucku, Bocchoe, Bocho, Boo- 
 eJio, Buchho, (F.) Diosmee crenelee. Ord. Dios- 
 mece. A South African plant, the powder of 
 whose leaves is used by the Hottentots to perfume 
 their bodies. It has been employed in chronic 
 afTections of the bladder and urinary organs in 
 general. It has also been given in cholera. It 
 is often adulterated in commerce, by the substitu- 
 tion of less potent plants of the same family, as 
 Diosma serratifo'lia, and EupJeu'rum serrula'titm. 
 
 Diosma Serratifolia, D. crenata. 
 
 LWSMEE CRENELEE, Diosma crenata. 
 
 DIOS'PYROS LOTUS, Faha Grceca, Indian 
 Bate Plum, (F.) Plaqueminier d'Europe. Ord. 
 EbenaceaB. This tree grows in some of the south- 
 ern parts of Europe. Its fruit is very astrin- 
 gent, and has been recommended in dysentery 
 and hemorrhage. 
 
 DiOS'PYROS Virginia'na, Loins Yirginia'na, 
 Persim'mon. A common tree in the middle parts 
 of the United States. The fruit, Persim'mons, 
 Yellow Plums, Winter Plums, Seeded Plums, which 
 is only eatable after frost, (when it is tolerable,) 
 is sometimes made into cakes with bran. These, 
 being dried in an oven, are kept to make beer. 
 When bruised in water, fermentation takes place. 
 The unripe fruit, Biospy'ros (Ph. U. S.), is dis- 
 tressingly acerb and astringent. It has been used 
 as an astringent. The bark of the tree is ex- 
 tremely bitter, and may be used where bitters are 
 indicated. 
 
 DIO'TA, Byo'ta, from Si;, and ovg, uto;, 'ear.' 
 Two-eared, two-handled. Applied to a wooden 
 cup, lined with a composition of resin, cinnawon, 
 cloves, and ginger, to give more flavour to beer. It 
 was formerly much used in the north of Europe. 
 
 DIPIIORUS, Diphrus. 
 
 DIPHRUS, Bi'phorvs, from Si;, ' two,' and 
 0fpu, 'I carry.' Properly a seat for two. A close 
 stool. 
 
 Diphrus Maieu'ticus, Sella ohstetric"{a. An 
 obstetric chair. 
 
 DIPH'RYGES, from St;, and tppvyo,, 'I tor- 
 refy.' The oxide of copper, more or less pure. 
 The ancients reclioned three kinds of diphryges, 
 which thev used as astringents. 
 
 DIPHTHERIA, Diphtheritis. 
 
DIPHTHERITE 
 
 305 
 
 DIRECTOR 
 
 BTPHTHERITE, Diphtheritis — (Z. Buccale, 
 Stomatitis, pseudomembranous. 
 
 DIPHTHERI'TIS, Diphther'ia, DipMherit'ie 
 Inflammation, Pellic'ular Inflammation, (F.) Diph- 
 therite from Si<p6cpa, 'a membrane.' A name 
 given by M. Bretonneau to a class of diseases, 
 which are characterized by a tendency to the 
 formation of false membranes ; and affect the der- 
 moid tissue, — as the mucous membranes, and 
 even the skin. 
 
 DiPHTHERiTis OF THE Throat, Angina pellicu- 
 laris — d. Trachealis, Cynanche trachealis. 
 
 DIPLASIASMUS, Duplication. 
 
 DIPLOCEPHA'LIA, from S,z\oog, 'double,' 
 and Kt<j>a.'\ri, ' head.' A monstrosity characterized 
 by the presence of two heads on the same body. 
 
 DIPLECOIA, Double hearing. 
 
 DIP'LOE, from 5im\ou, 'I double.' Eiplo'sii), 
 Meditul'lium, Medium Calva'ricB Discri'men. The 
 cellular structure, which separates the two tables 
 of the skull from each other. The ancients ap- 
 plied the term, also, to the proper coat of the 
 uterus [?] — Rolfink, in Castelli. 
 
 The Diploe has the same use as the cellular 
 structure of bones in general. See Cancelli. 
 
 DIPLOGEN'ESIS, iirrXoo;, 'double,' and ytvt- 
 ai;, 'generation,' (F.) Dipilocjenese. An organic 
 deviation, which consists of the duplication of 
 parts. Monstrosity by duplication. Euplic"iias 
 moHstro'sa, constituting double monsters. 
 
 DIPLOLEPIS GALL^ TINCTORIia, see 
 Quercus iafectoria. 
 
 DIPLO'MA. Same etymon as Diploe. A letter 
 or writing conferring some privilege : usually 
 applied to the document, certifying that a person 
 has obtained the title of Doctor. It was so called 
 because formerly written on waxed tables, folded 
 together. Diploma is also used in pharmacy for 
 a vessel with double walls, — as a water-bath. 
 
 DIPLO'PIA, from ^itXooj, ' double,' and ottto- 
 fiat, 'I see.' Visus Dnplica'tus, Ditto'pia, Dit- 
 top'sia, Amphamphoterodiop' si a, Amphodiplo'pia, 
 Amhio'pia, Eonble Vision, (F.) Bevue. An affec- 
 tion of the sight, in which two distinct sensations 
 are produced by the same object, which conse- 
 quently seems double. Sometimes more than two 
 are seen ; but still the disease is termed Diplo'pia 
 and Siiffu'sio Midt'iplicanR. This affection arises 
 from some derangement in the visual axes, in 
 consequence of which, the images are not im- 
 pressed on corresponding parts of the retina of 
 each eye. At times, the diplopia affects one eye, 
 or each eye when used alone, owing to some 
 irregularity in the curvature, density, or position 
 of the dioptric media. It is then called Unioc'- 
 tdar Diplopia. 
 
 The diplopia of both eyes has been termed 
 Ampliodiplo'pia and Amphoterodiplo'pia. 
 
 DIPLOSIS, Diploe, Duplication. 
 
 DIPLOSO'MA, from ^iTrXooj, 'double,' and 
 (Tojfia, 'body.' The Diplosoma crena'ta is an im- 
 perfectly described entozoon, which has been 
 passed from the urinary bladder. It varies in 
 length from four to six or eight inches, and is 
 thinnest in the middle, where it is bent at an 
 acute angle upon itself, so that the two halves 
 hang nearly parallel, and give to it an appear- 
 ance as if two worms had been tied together by 
 their heads. It has been confounded with the 
 Spiroptera liominis. 
 
 DIPLOSOMA'TIA, Dlploso'mia, from inrloo^, 
 'double,' and cwfia, auij-mTo^, 'body.' An organic 
 deviation, characterized by the presence of two 
 complete bodies, united by one or more of their 
 parts. 
 
 DIPNOOS, from ^if, and -vor,, 'breath.' Hav- 
 ing two vent holes; Bispi'ms. An epithet ap- 
 20 
 
 plied to wounds which pass through a part, and 
 admit the air at both ends. — Galen. 
 
 DIPROSO'PUS, Liod'ymus et 0pod'ijmu8,{T0va. 
 Si, 'double,' and Trpoo-uirov, 'countenance.' A 
 monster having a double face. 
 
 DiPROso'pus DitEdce'us, from Si, 'double,' and 
 TTpoannzov, 'countenance;' and Si, 'double,' and 
 aiSoia, 'parts of generation.' A double monster, 
 in whom the duplication affects superiorly the 
 face, and inferiorly the anterior pelvic region. — 
 Barkow. 
 
 DiPRoso'pus Dihtpogas'trids, from Si, 'dou- 
 ble,' and npoaioTrov, 'countenance,' and from St, 
 'double,' and 'v^royacrTpiov, 'the hypogastrium.' 
 A double monster in whom the duplication affects 
 superiorly the face, and inferiorly the lower part 
 of the body, four lower extremities being always 
 present — Tetras' celus. 
 DIPSA, Thirst. 
 DIPSACOS, Diabetes. 
 
 DIP'SACUS FULLO'NUM, Herhn Car'dui 
 Ven'en's, Car'duus Ven'eris, (F.) Cardh-e cultive, 
 Chardon a foulon, Chardon a bonnetier, has had 
 similar properties ascribed to it. Both have been 
 also regarded as stomachic. 
 
 Dip'sACus Sylves'tris, from Siila, 'thirst,' 
 said to be so called, owing to the leaves being so 
 placed as to hold wat«r. Cultivated Teasel, 
 (F.) Cardere. Ord. Dipsacese. The roots of 
 this European plant are diuretic and sudorific. 
 The water, which collects at the base of the 
 leaves, has been recommended as an eye-water. 
 
 DIPSET'ICOS, from Si^i,a, 'thirst.' (F.) Dip- 
 set'ique. A remedy believed to be capable of 
 exciting thirst. See Alterative. 
 
 DIPSO'DES, Sit'tens, Siticulo'sns, (Old Eng.) 
 Afforst, (Prov.) Thrusty ; from Si^ia, 'thirst,' and 
 Ei^of, 'resemblance.' Thirsty. Causing thirst. 
 
 DIPSOMA'NIA, from Si^lia, 'thirst,' and maHia. 
 Really, 'thirst-mania.' Often, however, applied to 
 habitual drunkenness and to delirium tremens. 
 An insatiable desire for intoxicating liquors. 
 
 DIPSOP'ATHY, Bipsopatki'a, from Srla, 
 'thirst,' and Trado;, 'disease.' A mode of treat- 
 ment, which consists in abstaining from drinks. 
 
 DIPSO'SIS. Same etymon. iVoi-bid thirst. 
 The desire for drinking, excessive or impaired. 
 A genus in the class Ccelinea, order Enterioa, of 
 Good. 
 
 DiPSo'sis AvENS, Polydypsia — d. Expers, 
 Adipsia. 
 
 DIP'TERIX ODORA'TA, Coumaron'na odo- 
 ra'ta. The fruit of this large tree of Guiana is 
 a pod, inclosing a single seed. The bean. Tonka 
 bean, has a strong, agreeable, aromatic odour, 
 and is used to flavour snuff. 
 
 DI'PYGUS, from i5j, ' double,' and 7™/;?, 'nates.' 
 A double monster, the duplication being confined 
 to the posterior portion of the lower end of the 
 trunk — the coccygeal region. 
 
 DIPYRE'NOisr, from Sis, 'twice,' and Tzvpvv, 
 'a kernel.' A spje.cil'him or probe with two but- 
 tons or kernels — one at each end. 
 DIPYRITES, Biscuit. 
 DIPYROS, Biscuit. 
 
 DIRCA PALUS'TRIS, Leatherwood, Sioamp 
 Leatherwood, Mooseicood, Sioampxoood. Rope- 
 barh, Bois de plomb, (Canada.) Ord. Thymelea- 
 cese. An indigenous shrub, which grows in boggy 
 woods and low wet places throughout the United 
 States. It is analogous to mezereon in its action 
 — six Or eight grains of the fresh bark producing 
 violent vomiting, preceded by a sense of heat in 
 the stomach, often followed by purging. Applied 
 to the skin, the bark vesicates. 
 
 DIRECTOR, Itinera' rium, from dirigere, di- 
 rectum, (dis, and regere, 'to rule,') 'to direct.' A 
 Conductor. A grooved sound for guiding a knife, 
 in dividing any part; (F.) Sonde cannelee. 
 
DIRIBITOmUM 
 
 306 
 
 DISINFECTION 
 
 Director Penis, Ischio-eavernosu 
 
 DIRIBITORIUM, Mediastinum. 
 
 DIRLING, Tingling. 
 
 DIRT-EATING, Chthonophagia. 
 
 DIRUPTIO, Rhexis. 
 
 DIS, Di. 
 
 DISC, see Disk. 
 
 DISCEPTUM, Diaphragm. 
 
 DISCHARGE', (d/s, ^and charge,) Ec'roe, 
 Fluxus, Projlu'mum, (P.) JScoulement. In patho- 
 logj', an increased discharge from any part, that 
 naturally secretes a fluid. 
 
 DISCHROA, Dyschroea. 
 
 DISCREET', from discernere, discretum, {dis, 
 and cernere,) 'to separate.' Dlscre'tus, Interline' - 
 tu^, Sep'arated, (F.) Diseret. This epithet is 
 given to certain exanthemata, in -which the spots 
 or pustules are separated from each other. It is 
 opposed to confluent. 
 
 DISGRET, Discreet. 
 
 DISCRE'TA PURGA'TIO. The purgation 
 or expulsion of some particular matter. 
 
 DISCRETIVUS, Diagnostic. 
 
 DISCRETORIUM, Diaphragm. 
 
 DISCRI'MEN, 'Separation, Division.' Same 
 etymon as Discreet. A bandage, used in bleed- 
 ing from the frontal vein ; so called, because, in 
 passing along the sagittal suture, it divides the 
 head into two equal parts. 
 
 DiscRiMEN CalvarijE Medium, Diploe — d. 
 Narium, Septum N. 
 
 ' Increased — Hypertrophy, 
 
 DiscRiMEN Nasi; a bandage, in the form of 
 the letter X, intended to support the nose, in 
 transverse wounds of the organ. 
 
 DiscRiMEN Thoracis et Ventris, Diaphragm. 
 
 DISCUS PROLIGERUS, Proligerous disc— d. 
 Vitellinus, Proligerous disc. 
 
 DISOUSSIFS, Discutients. 
 
 DISCUSSIO, Resolution. 
 
 DISCUSSIVA, Discutients. 
 
 DISCUSSORIA, Discutients. 
 
 DISCU'TIENTS, Discutien'tia, Besolven'tia, 
 Discussi' va, Discusso'ria, from disciitere, 'to shake 
 apart, (dis, and quatere, 'to shake.') (F.) Disciis- 
 sifs, Jiesoliitifg. Substances which possess the 
 power of repelling or resolving tumours. 
 
 DISEASE', old French desaise ; from dis, and 
 ease: Morbus, Nosos, Nose' ma, Noseu'ma, Nusus, 
 Pathos, Pathe'ma, Lues, ilaluni, Passio, ^gritu'- 
 do, ^grota'tio, Vit"ium, Arrhos'tia, Arrhoste'ma, 
 Arrhoste7i'ia, Yaletu'do adver'sa, Mal'ady, Com- 
 plaint, Sickness, Distem'per, Ailment, Illness, (F.) 
 Maladie. An opposite state to that of health, 
 consisting in a change either in the position and 
 structure of parts, or in the exercise of one or 
 more of their functions, or in both. 
 
 By some. Disease is applied to structural change, 
 whilst Disorder is restricted to functional derange- 
 ment. 
 
 The following table, essentially that of Dr. C. 
 J. B. Williams, comprises the chief elements of 
 structural disease : 
 
 Diminished — Atrophy. 
 
 ( Inflammation, 
 Induration, 
 
 Diseased -J 
 Nutrition. 
 
 Softening 
 
 Transformation and Degeneration. 
 
 Cicatrices, 
 
 Perverted... -j 
 
 f Euplastic , 
 
 Deposits... -j Cacoplastic 
 
 I Cic 
 JFa 
 
 ' Contraction, 
 
 Dilatation, 
 
 Altered j Obstruction, 
 
 Mechanism. 1 Compression, 
 
 Displacement, 
 
 |_ Rupture, &c. 
 
 |_ Growths 
 
 False membranes, 
 f Cirrhosis, 
 j Fibro-cartilage, 
 I Gray tubercle, 
 I I Atheroma, &c. 
 
 ! r Yellow tubercle, 
 
 [Aplastic < Calcareous 
 
 ( matter, &c. 
 (■ Cysts, 
 ["Nonmalignant... s Tumours 
 I (Hydatids, Ac. 
 
 .. -l f Carcinoma, 
 
 [Malignant < Encephaloma, 
 
 [Melanosis, &c. 
 
 Disease op Addison, see Capsule, renal — d. 
 Blue, Cyanopathy — d. of Bright, Kidney, Bright's 
 Disease of the — d. English, Rachitis — d. Extrin- 
 sic, External disease — d. Family, see Hereditary 
 — d. Foul, Syphilis — d. Fungoid, Encephaloid — . 
 d. Gastro-enteric, Gastro-enteritis — d. Hsemnto- 
 cerebriform, Encephaloid — d. Hereditary, see He- 
 reditary — d. Pretended, Feigned disease — d. Si- 
 mulated, Feigned disease — d. Surgical, External 
 disease. 
 
 DISEASED, Sick. 
 
 DISECOIA, Baryecoia. 
 
 DISFIGURATION, Deformation. 
 
 DISGORGE'MENT, (F.) Degorgement, from 
 de, and gorge, 'the thi-oat.' An opposite condi- 
 tion to that of Engorgement. The discharge or 
 abstraction of a certain quantity of fluid, which 
 had previously collected in a part; as Disgorge- 
 ment of bile. It also means a vomit. 
 
 DISGUST', from de, and gustare, 'to taste.' 
 Cibi fastid'ium, Aposit'ia, Asit'ia, Apoclei'sis, 
 Abomina'tio, Siccha'sia, Horror Gibo'rum, Loath- 
 ing. An aversion for food; {¥.) Degout. Dis- 
 gust is not the same as Anorexia. The latter is 
 only a want of appetite ; the former consists in 
 real repugnance for food. 
 
 DISINFECTANT, Disinfeo'tans, from dis, and 
 inficio, infectum, (in a.nd facio,) 'I infect,' (F.) 
 Disinfectant. This term has been restricted by 
 some to agents that are capable of neutralizing 
 morbific effluvia; but the author includes under 
 it, also, antiseptics or agents that are capable of 
 removing any incipient or fully formed septic 
 condition of the living body, or of any part 
 of it. 
 
 DISINFECTING LIQUID, SIR WILLIAM 
 BURNETT'S, see Burnett's Disinfecting Liquid 
 — d. Liquid, Labarraque's, Liquor sodffi chlori- 
 natae — d. Liquid of Ledoyen, see Ledoyen's dis- 
 infecting liquid. 
 
 DISINFECTION, Disinfec'fio. Same etymon, 
 (F.) Desinfection. The act of destroying mias- 
 mata, with which the air, clothing, &c., may be 
 infected. Various means have been proposed for 
 this purpose. Those most commonly employed 
 are : chlorine, sulphurous and chlorohydric acid 
 gases, vapours of vinegar, nitrous acid, and what 
 is, perhaps, the most manageable of any, and 
 equally efBcacious, chlorinated lime, or any of the 
 chlorides of the alkalies. It is questionable if 
 any chemical action occur between these agents 
 and the miasmata, whence results a compound 
 
DISJUNCT! MORBI 
 
 !07 
 
 DISTILLATION 
 
 which is harmless. Disinfection also includes 
 the action of antiseptics. 
 
 Chlorine or Oxynmriat'ie Ftimiga'tion, Solu'- 
 tio alexite'ria Gaubza'na, Fumiga'tio antiloim'- 
 ica Gau'hii, Alexite' rium chlo'ricum, Fumiga'tio 
 Quytonien'sis, is made by adding common salt 
 ^iij, to black oxide of manganese ^j, sulpJiuric 
 acid 5J, and water f^ij. This may be carried 
 through an apartment, or he shut up in it. 
 
 Nitrous Fumiga'tion, Alexite'rium Ni'tricum, 
 Fumiga'tio Smythia'na, may be formed by placing 
 nitrate of potass ^iv, and sulphuric acid gij, in a 
 saucer on hot sand. 
 
 DISJUNC'TI MORBI. (From dis, and jun- 
 gere, junctum, 'to join.') Disjoined diseases. 
 Fernelius has thus denominated diseases which 
 occupy different organs, and are not produced by 
 each other. 
 
 DISK, BLOOD, Globule of the blood — d. In- 
 tervertebral, Intervertebral Cartilage — d. Prolige- 
 rous, see Proligerous Disk. 
 
 DISLOCATIO LIENIS SEU SPLENIS, 
 Splenectopia. 
 
 DISLOCATION, Luxation. 
 
 DISMAL. Melancholy. 
 
 DISOD'ICUS, from in;, 'twice,' and olog, 
 'threstiold.' Having a double opening. 
 
 DISOMATOUS, see Disomus. 
 
 DISO'MUS, (P.) Disome, from dis, and ciay-a, 
 'body.' A monster with two bodies. Such a 
 monster is said to be disom'atous. 
 
 DISORDER, see Disease. 
 
 DISORDERED, Sick. 
 
 DISORGANIZA'TION, Organo'rwn destruc- 
 tio, (F.) Desorganisation. A complete morbid 
 change in the structure of an organ, or even total 
 destruction of its texture. In sphacelus and 
 sloughy ulcers, we have examples of this change. 
 
 DISPENSAIRE, Dispensary, Dispensatory. 
 
 DISPEN'SARY, Disp)ensa'rium, from dispen- 
 dere, {dis, and pendere, pensuni, 'to weigh,') 'to 
 take from a weight or mass,' 'to distribute.' The 
 shop or place in which medicines are prepared. 
 Also, an institution in which the poor are fur- 
 nished with advice and necessary medicines. (F.) 
 Dispensaire. This word is also used by the French 
 synonymously with Dispensatory. 
 
 DISPENSA'TION, Disjyensa'tio, Dicece'sis, 
 Epineme'sis. Same etymon. The composition 
 and distribution of medicines according to pre- 
 scription. In France, it is more commonly ap- 
 plied to the weighing, measuring, and arranging 
 of the articles which have to enter into a formula, 
 prior to combining them. 
 
 DISPENSATOR, Apothecary. 
 
 DISPEN'SATORY, Dispensato'rium ; same 
 etymon. Antidota'rium, Liber Pharmaceut'icns, 
 (F.) Dispensaire. A book which treats of the 
 composition of medicines. A Dispensatory dif- 
 fers from a Pharmacopoeia, in containing the phy- 
 sical and medicalhistoryof the various substances; 
 whilst the Pharmacopoeia is mainly restricted to 
 the mode of preparing them. The Pharmacopoeia 
 too, is published under the authority of, and by 
 the members of a college or association ; whilst a 
 Dispensatory contains the whole of the Pharma- 
 copoeia or Pharmacopoeias, with additions by the 
 author, under whose authority alone it usually 
 appears. The Pharmacopoeia, in other words, is 
 officinal; the Dispensatory, generally, private. 
 Formerly, the words were used indiscriminately. 
 See Formulary, and Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 DISPLACED, see Percolation. 
 
 DISPLACEMENT, Percolation. 
 
 DISPOSIT"ION, Disposit"io, from dis, and po- 
 nere, positum, 'to put or set.' A particular condition 
 of the body, which renders it susceptible of alter- 
 ing, suddenly, to a state of health or disease ; — 
 of improving, or becoming changed for the worse. 
 
 The disposition to phthisis pulraonalis is some- 
 times so strong, owing to original conformation, 
 that the disease will make its appearance, not- 
 withstanding every care. See Diathesis. 
 
 DISPUTATIO, Thesis. 
 
 DISQUE PROLIGERE, Proligerous Disk. 
 
 DISQUES INTERVERTEBRAUX, Inter- 
 vertebral cartilages — d. Sanguins, Globules of 
 the blood. 
 
 DISRUP'TIO, from disrumpere, {dis, and rum- 
 piere,) 'to break off.' A puncture, which interests 
 deep-seated parts. 
 
 DISSECTING ANEURISM, see Aneurism. 
 
 DISSECTIO, Dissection— d. Tendinum, Te- 
 notomy. 
 
 DISSECTION, Dissee'tio, from dissecare, (dis, 
 and secure, sectum, 'to cut,') 'to cut open ;' Diac'- 
 ope, Sec'tio Anatom'ica, Practical Anatomy, Ke- 
 crot'omy. An operation, by which the different 
 parts of the dead body are exposed, for the pur- 
 pose of studying their arrangement and structure. 
 Dissection has received various names, according 
 to the organ concerned ; — as Osteotomy, Syndes- 
 motomy, Myotoyny, Angiotomy, Neurotomy, Des- 
 motojiiy, &o. 
 
 DISSECTOR, Prosec'tor, Pro'tomus, same 
 etymon, {Y.) Prosecteur. A practical anatomist. 
 One who prepares the parts for the anatomical 
 lecture. 
 
 DISSEPIMENTUM NARIUM, Septum na- 
 rium — d. Thoracis, Mediastinum. 
 
 DISSEPTUM, Diaphragm. 
 
 DISSERTATION, INAUGURAL, Thesis. 
 
 DISSIDENTIA, Diastasis. 
 
 DISSIPIUM, Diaphragm. 
 
 DISSOLUTIO SANGUINIS, Hsemateclysis 
 — d. Ventriculi, Gastromalacia. 
 
 DISSOLU'TION, Dissolu'tio, Dial'ysis, from 
 dissolvere, (dis, and solvere, solutum,) 'to loosen,' 
 'to melt.' This word is in frequent use, in the 
 writings of the humorists. It is emploj'ed, par- 
 ticularly, in speaking of the blood, — to designate, 
 not its entire decomposition or putrefaction, hut 
 a diminution in its consistence. 
 
 DISSOL UTION, Solution. 
 
 DISSOL VANTS, Dissolventia. 
 
 DISSOLVEN'TIA, Solvents, (F.) Dissolvants. 
 Same etymon. Medicines believed to be capable 
 of dissolving swellings, concretions, &c. Discu- 
 tients, Resolvents. 
 
 DISTAD; from disto, [di, and eto,) 'to stand 
 apart.' Away from a centre. Towards the far 
 extremity. In anatomy, used by Dr. Barclay 
 adverbially, to signify 'towards the distal aspect.' 
 
 DISTAL ASPECT. An aspect of a bone from 
 the trunk, or towards the extremity. — Barclay. 
 
 DISTEMPER, Disease. 
 
 DISTEMPERANTIA, Dyscras 
 
 DISTEMPERED, Sick. 
 
 DISTENSIO, Diatasis, Tension, Tetanus — d. 
 Nervorum, Convulsion. 
 
 DISTENTION DE LA VESICULE DU 
 FIEL, Turgescentia vesicae feller. 
 
 DISTIGHI'ASIS, Distich'ia, Districk'ia, Dis- 
 trichiasis, Distos'chia, Distoechi'asis, from in, 
 'double,' and trTi')(^o;, 'a row.' An increased num- 
 ber of eyelashes ,• some turned towards the eye, 
 and irritating the organ; whilst others preserve 
 their natural direction. — Galen, Paulus of ^gina. 
 See Entropion. 
 
 J)lSTILLA'T10'!^,Destilla'tio,Stalpg'mos,from 
 destillare, (de, and stiltare,) 'to drop, little by lit- 
 tle.' Catastalag'mos. An operation, by which — by 
 the aid of heat and in close vessels — the volatile 
 are separated from the fixed parts of bodies, with 
 the view of collecting the former, when con- 
 densed in appropriate receivers. The ancients 
 distinguished distillation per latus, per ascen'sum, 
 and per deseen'sum, according to the direction 
 
DISTOCIA 
 
 308 
 
 DITLISMUS 
 
 ■which the volatilized matters were made to take. 
 In distillation per latus, the apparatus is so 
 arranged, that the vapour passes horizontally 
 through a succession of spaces before reaching 
 the receiver. Distillation per ascensum is the 
 ordinary method by the still. In distillation per 
 descensum, the fire is applied above and around 
 the top of the apparatus; and it is so arranged 
 that the vapour must pass downwards. When 
 drj' organic matter is placed in an apparatus for 
 distillation, and heat is applied until all volatile 
 matter is driven out, the process is called dry or 
 destructive distillation. 
 
 Distillation, Destructive, see Distillation — 
 d. Dry, see Distillation — d. Per Ascensum, see 
 Distillation — d. Per Descensum. see Distillation — 
 d. Per Latus, see Distillation. 
 
 DISTOC'IA,^ JDitoc'ia, from St;, ' twice/ and 
 toko;, ' birth.' Delivery of twins. 
 DIST(ECHIA, Distichiasis. 
 DISTCECHIASIS, Distichiasis. 
 DIS'TOMA HEPAT'ICUM, Dis'tomnm hepat'- 
 iciim, from 6l;, and arojia, 'mouth.' Fasci'ola 
 hepat'ica seu huma'na seu lonceola'ta, Plana'ria 
 latius'cnla, Gourd-worm, Fluke, Liver Fluke, 
 (F.) Douve, D. du Foie. An obovate, flat worm, 
 an inch in length, and nearly an inch broad; 
 sometimes found in the gall-bladder of man, 
 whence it occasionally passes into the intestinal 
 canal. It is one of the most common varieties 
 of worms, infesting the livers of the sheep, goat, 
 ox, stag, fallow-deer, horse, ass, hog, hare, &q. 
 The treatment is like that required for other 
 worms. DisTOMA seu Distomum lanceola'tuii, 
 a different species, has been found in the biliary 
 ducts of man, — and of different pbytivorous mam- 
 malia. — Mehliss. 
 
 DiSTOJtA Oc'ULI Hdjia'ni, Dis'tomnm oc'uli 
 huma'ni. A parasite once observed in the eye of 
 a child who had suffered from lenticular cataract. 
 — (Jescheidt. 
 
 DISTOMUM H^MATOBIUM, see Worms — 
 d. Hepaticum, Distoma hepaticum. 
 
 DISTORSIO, Distortion, Sprain, Strabismus 
 — d. Oris. Canine laugh. 
 
 DISTOR'TION, Distor'sio, Intor'sio, from dis- 
 torquere, {dis, and torqnere, tortum,) 'to wrest 
 aside.' Diastreni'rna, Dias'trophe, Liyys'ma, (F.) 
 Distorsion. Usually applied to the preternatural 
 curvature of a bone ; as distortion of the spine, 
 limbs, &c. It signifies, also, a morbid state of 
 the muscles of the eye, constituting squinting or 
 strabismus. 
 
 DISTORTOR ORIS, Zygomatieus major. 
 DISTRIBUTORIA LACTEA THORACICA, 
 Thoracic duct. 
 
 DISTRICHIA, Distichiasis. 
 DISTRICHIASIS, Distichiasis. 
 DISTRIX, from 5,s, 'double,' and 5p,f, 'the 
 hair.' Trichio'sis distrix, Fissu'ra capillo'rum. 
 Hairs of the scalp, weak, slender, and splitting at 
 their extremities. 
 DITOCIA. Distocia. 
 
 DITRACHYC'ERAS, from 3<f, 'two,' rpaxv;, 
 'rough,' and Kepag, 'horn.' A genus of intestinal 
 worms. The D itr achy c' eras rudis, Die' eras rudis, 
 (F.) Bicorne rude. This fancied entozoon was 
 first observed in the evacuations of a female, by 
 M. Sultzer, of Strasburg. It is of a fawn colour, 
 from 3 to 5 lines in length, with an oval head, 
 flattened and terminating in a point posteriorly ; 
 contained in a membranous sac, and furnished 
 anteriorly, with a bifurcated, rugous horn. Laen- 
 nec considers it a vesicular worm or hydatid. Ac- 
 cording to Yon Siebold, there is no such ento- 
 zoon. The undigested seed of the mulberry, 
 which had been eaten, was mistaken for it. 
 DITTANDER, Lepidium sativum. 
 DITTANY, Cunila Mariana— d. American, 
 
 Cunila Mariana — d. Bastard, Dictamnus albus — 
 d. of Crete, Origanum dictamnus — d. Mountain, 
 Cunila Mariana. 
 
 DITTECOIA, Double hearing. 
 DITTOPIA, Diplopia. 
 DITTOPSIA, Diplopia. 
 
 DIURESI^STH E'SIS, DiureticocBsthe'sis, 
 UresicBsthe' sis ; from ^Lovptiv, 'to pass the urine,' 
 and aiadrjai;, ' feeling.' The desire or want to 
 pass the urine. 
 
 DIURE'SIS, Diurism, from iia, 'through or 
 by,' and ovpciii, 'I pass the urine.' (F.) Diurese. 
 An abundant excretion of urine. 
 
 DIURET'IC, Diuret'icus, Ischuret'ic, same 
 etymon ; JJret'icus, Urina'lia. (P.) Diuretiqne. 
 A medicine which has the property of increasing 
 the secretion of urine. Diuretics act by produc- 
 ing a discharge of the watery and other parts 
 of the blood ; and, by such discharge, indirectly 
 promote absorption over the whole system. Hence, 
 they are employed in dropsy. The following are 
 the chief Diuretics: — Cantharis ; Cantharis Vit- 
 tata; Potassae Acetas; Potassse Liquor; Cahinca; 
 Colchici Radix; Colchici Semen; Digitalis; Dios- 
 ma Crenata; juniperus; Oleum Terebinthinse ; 
 Potassse Nitras; Potassse Bitartras ; Scilla; Sodaa 
 Sales, and Spiritus ^theris Nitrici. 
 DIURETICA, Arnica Montana. 
 DIURETICO-^STHESIS, Diuresiaisthesis. 
 DIURISM, Diuresis. 
 DIYARICATIO, Ectropion. 
 DIVERSORIUM CHYLI,Receptaeulnm chyli. 
 DIVERTICULA SPIRITUUM ANIMA- 
 LIUM, Ganglions, nervous. 
 
 DIVERTICULUM, Devertic'nlum. (F.) Di- 
 verticide. ' A turning;' from divertere, (di, and 
 vertere,) 'to turn aside.' A blind tube branch- 
 ing out of the course of a longer one. An organ 
 which is capable of receiving an unusual quan- 
 tity of blood, when the circulation is obstructed 
 or modified elsewhere, is said to act as a diverti- 
 culum. Also, a malformation or diseased appear- 
 ance of -a part, in which it passes out of its regu- 
 lar course. It is sometimes applied to such a 
 condition of the alimentary canal. Also, a hole 
 to get out at. A by-passage. See Ectrope. 
 
 Divertic'ulum Nuc'kii. The opening through 
 which the round ligaments of the uterus pass. — 
 Parr. 
 
 Diverticulum Pharynois, Pharyngoeele. 
 DIVI'DING, Div'idens, trom dividere, divisum, 
 [di or dis, and the Hetruscan verb iduo, 'to part 
 or portion.') (F.) Divisif. That which divides 
 or separates. 
 
 Dividing Bandage, Fas'cia div'idens, fF.) 
 Bandage divisif, is a bandage employed for the 
 purpose of keeping parts separated from each 
 other. It is used particularly to prevent improper 
 union; as in cases of burns of the neck or other 
 parts. 
 
 DIVINATIO, Mantia, 
 DIVISIF, Dividing. 
 
 DIVISION, Divis'io, Dirn'resis. Same etymon. 
 The accidental separation of parts naturally 
 united; in other words, a wound or solution of 
 continuity. Most frequently, however, it means 
 an operation, which consists in cutting certain 
 parts, with the view of fulfilling some therapeu- 
 tical indication. 
 
 DIVUL'SIO, Dias'pasis, from divellcre, {dis, 
 and vellere, vulsum,) ' to pull asunder.' A term 
 used in Surgery, to express the rupture or lacera- 
 tion of organs by external violence. 
 
 DivuLSio Urin^, Cloudiness of urine. — See 
 Enseorema. 
 
 DIXON'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS, Pilulse 
 antibiliosae. 
 
 DIYLISIS. Colatio. 
 DIYLISMUS, Colatio. 
 
DIZZINESS 
 
 309 
 
 DOIGT 
 
 DIZZINESS, Vertigo. 
 
 DIZZY, Vertiginous. 
 
 DOCCIONE, MINERAL WATERS OF. This 
 spring is at Lucca, in Italy. It is thermal saline. 
 
 DOCH'ME, iox^n- A measure of the Greeks, 
 equal to about four fingers' breadth : Dactylo- 
 doch'me. 
 
 DOCIMA'SIA, JDocimcii'tice, I)ocimo8tolog"ia, 
 from (5o(ci/<a(u, ' I try or prove the quality of any 
 thing.' The act of assaying. 
 
 Docima'sia MEDiCAMENTo'Ruir ET Veneno'- 
 RUM. The testing of medicines and poisons. 
 
 DocurA'siA PuLMo'NUir, D. Pulmona'lis, Pne- 
 ohiomanti'a, Pneiiohiomanti'a, Pneohioman'tica. 
 Lang proof, Respiration proof. Different proofs 
 to which the organs of respiration of a new-born 
 child are subjected, for the purpose of detecting 
 whether it has or has not respired after birth ; in 
 other words, whether it was born alive or dead; 
 
 — Pneuaiobiogno'sis, Pneusiobioa'cope. These 
 consist, chiefly, 1. In testing them with water, 
 for the purpose of seeing whether the lungs are 
 specifically heavier or lighter than that fluid. 
 This is called Docima' sia P almo' num hydrostat'ica 
 or the Hydrostatic Test. If lighter, it would be 
 some evidence that the foetus had respired : 2. 
 In comparing the weight of the lungs with that 
 of the whole body; the weight of lungs in which 
 respiration has taken place being nearly twice as 
 great. This is Docima' sia Piilmo'iium Stat'ica, 
 or Ploucquet's Test; and, 3. By measuring the 
 circumference of the thorax and lungs; and com- 
 paring their dimensions with those of an infant 
 which has not respired. That is Daniel's Test. 
 These tests, singly, afford only probable evi- 
 dence; but when united, the deductions may be 
 more conclusive. 
 
 DOCIMASIOLOaiA, Docimasia. 
 
 DOCK, Rumex — d. Bitter, Rumex obtusifolius 
 
 — d. Bloody, Rumex sanguineus — d. Blood}'- 
 veined, Rumex sanguineus — d. Blunt-leaved, 
 Rumex obtusifolius. 
 
 Dock Cresses, Lapsana. 
 
 Dock, Curled, Rumex crispus — d. Sour,Rumex 
 acetosus, R. crispus — d. Sour, boreal, Oxyria reni- 
 formis — d. Spatter, Nuphar advena — d. Water, 
 Rumex hydrolapathum — d. Wild, sharp-pointed, 
 Rumex aeutus — d. Yellow, Rumex crispus. 
 
 DOCKEN, Rumex. 
 
 DOCNA SURA. MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 This spring is in the Krapach mountains. The 
 water contains sulphate of soda, carbonate of 
 soda, chloride of sodium, carbonate of lime, silica, 
 and iron. 
 
 DOGTEUR, Doctor, Physician. 
 
 DOCTOR, Med'icus, from doctus, 'learned;' 
 ' un homme qui devrait etre docte.' A Physician. 
 (Sc.) Medcinare, Ifedieinar. (P.) Doctenr, Me- 
 deein. Frequently applied to anyone who prac- 
 tises medicine ; although properly confined to him 
 who has received his degree of Doctor of Medi- 
 cine. See Physician. 
 
 To Doctor is sometimes used, vulgarly, for to 
 "treat with drugs." 
 
 DOCTORS' STUFF, see Medicament. 
 
 DOCTRINA GALLIANA, Craniology— d. So- 
 teria, Medicina. 
 
 DOCTRINE HOMOEO-ORGANIQUE, Ho- 
 moeopathy. 
 
 DOCTRINE, MED'ICAL, Doctri'na Med'ica. 
 The principles or positions of any medical sect 
 or master. Medicine has been too full of doc- 
 trines. One of the first was that of Herodicus 
 of Selivrgea, who recommended gymnastic exer- 
 cises in disease. The chief founders of doctrines 
 have been Hippocrates, Serapion of Alexandria, 
 Philinus of Cos, Herophilus, Asclepiades, The- 
 mison of Laodicea, Thessalus of Tralles, Soranus 
 of Ephesus, Leonides of Alexandria, Athenasus 
 
 of Attalia, Archigenes of Apamaea, Agathinus of 
 Sparta, Galenus, Paracelsus, John Baptist van 
 Helmont, Sylvius de le Boe, Keill, Hamberger, 
 Pitcairne, H. Boerhaave, J. D. Stahl, Frederick 
 Hoffmann, George Baglivi, Cullen, Darwin, John 
 Brown, Beddoes, Girtanner, Reil, Rush, Rasori, 
 and Broussais. 
 
 Doctrine, Physiological, Broussaism. 
 DODDER, Cuscuta glomerata — d. American, 
 Cuscuta glomerata — d. of Thyme, Cuscuta epi- 
 thymum. 
 
 DODECADACTYLITIS. Duodenitis. 
 DODECADACTYLON, Duodenum. 
 DODECAPHAR'MACUM, from 5ui5«a, 
 'twelve,' and (papfiaKov, 'a medicine.' An ancient 
 name given to all medicines which consisted of 
 twelve ingredients. See Apostolorum Ungueiitum. 
 DODECATH'EON, from ioiS^Ka, 'twelve,' and 
 TiSriiit, 'I put.' An antidote, consisting of twelve 
 simple substances. — Paulus of ^gina. 
 
 DoDECATHEON, Sanicula — -d. Plinii, Pinguicola 
 vulgaris. 
 
 DODON^A, Myriea gale. 
 DodoNje'a Thunbergia'-va. A shrub of the 
 Nat. Ord. Sapindacese, which grows at the Cape 
 of Good Hope. A decoction of the root is used 
 as a gentle cathartic in fever. 
 DODRANS, Spithama. 
 DOGCHOAK, Cynanche. 
 
 DOGDAYS, (F.) Jours Caniculaires. During 
 these days, comprised between the 24th of July 
 and the 2.3d of August, the temperature of the 
 air in Europe is generally high and oppressive. 
 They have received this name from the dogstar, 
 Canic'ula, Xctpiog, Si'riiis — a very brilliant star 
 in the constellation of the great dog, which rises 
 and sets, at this time, with the sun. It was for- 
 merly believed to be a period particularly un pro- 
 pitious to health ; that it was dangerous to purge 
 during it ; and other phantasies were indulged in 
 regard to it. 
 
 DOGGRASS, Triticum repens. 
 DOGHIP, see Rosa canina. 
 DOGMAT'IC, from the Greek ioyfia, Soyfiarog, 
 from SoKcii), 'I think.' Dogmat'ieus, (F.) Dogrtiu- 
 tiqiie. The name of an ancient medical sect ; so 
 called, because its members endeavoured, by rea- 
 soning, to discover the essence of diseases and 
 their occult causes ; whilst the Empirics, their 
 rivals, confined themselves strictly to experience; 
 i. e., to the observation of facts. The union of 
 the two modes of investigation makes the rational 
 physician. These sectarians are likewise called 
 Dog'matists, and their doctrine Dog'matism. The 
 founders of the sect were Hippocrates, Thessalus, 
 Draco, and Polybius ; and the most celebrated 
 of its supporters were Diodes of Carysta, Praxa- 
 goras of Cos, Chrysippus of Soli, Herophilus, 
 Erasistratus, &c. 
 
 DOGS' BANE, Apocynum androsaemifolium — 
 d. Bane, bitter, Apocynum androsasmifolium. 
 DOGS' GRASS, Triticum repens. 
 DOGS' STONES, Orchis mascula. 
 DOGSTAR, Canicula. 
 DOGTREE, Cornus Florida. 
 DOGWOOD, Cornus Florida — d. Blueberried, 
 Cornus sericea — d. Female, Cornus sericea — d. 
 Florid, Cornus Florida — d. Great flowered, Cornus 
 Florida — d. Jamaica, Piscidia erythrina — d. New 
 England, Cornus sericea — d. Panicled, Cornus 
 paniculata — d. Pond, Cephalanthus oecidentalis 
 — d. Silky-leaved, Cornus sericea — d. Virginian, 
 male, Cornus Florida — d. Round-leaved, Cornus 
 circinata — d. Striped, Acer Pennsylvanicum — d. 
 Swamp, Cornus sericea, Ptelea trifoliata — d. 
 White, Cornus paniculata. 
 
 DOIGT, Digitus — d. Auriculaire, Auricular 
 finger — d. Milieu, see Digitus — d. Petit, see Di- 
 gitus — d. Surnumeraire, Digitus supernumerarius. 
 
DOIGTIER 
 
 310 
 
 DORSUM 
 
 DOIGTIER, Digitale, Digitalis — d. d'Asdru- 
 hali, see Digitale. , 
 BOTGTS PAL3IES, Dactylion. 
 DOITTRIE, see Dementia. 
 DOKE. Contusion. 
 DOLABRA, Ascia, Doloire. 
 DOLIC, Dolichos. 
 
 DOLICHOCEPH'AL^ (GENTES): from io- 
 Xi;^os, 'long,' and Kt<j>aXri, 'head.' 'Longheads.' 
 Nations of men whose cerebral lobes completely 
 cover the cerebellum — as the Kelts, Germans, 
 negroes, <fec.---E,etzius. 
 
 DOLICHOCEPHA'LIA; same etymon. Mon- 
 strosity, in which the head is abnormously long. 
 DOL'ICHOS, from Bo'Sixo?, 'long.' A genus 
 of plants of the leguminous family, (F.) Dolic, 
 Bolique. It includes a number of species, gene- 
 rally indigenous in India or America. The DoV- 
 ichos Lahlah, or Lahlab, is found in Egypt. 
 (Prospero Alpini.) Its fruit is eaten there, like 
 the haricot with us. The Dol'ichos Siiien'sis, is 
 eaten in China, and is stored up as a provision 
 for long voyages. The Dol'icJios Tubero'sus, (P.) 
 Pois Patate of Martinique, has tuberous roots of 
 the size of both fists, and has the consistence and 
 taste of the turnip. The Dol'ichos Bulbo'sus of 
 the West Indies resembles the turnip ; — and from 
 the seeds of th43 Dol'ichos So/a, the Japanese pre- 
 pare the well-known sauce Soy, which they term 
 Sooja. The most important in medicine is the 
 
 Dol'ichos Pru'riens, Dol'ichos, Stizolo'hium, 
 3Iucu'na 2'>ru'rieii3, Negre'tia pru'riens, Gowhag.e, 
 Cowitch, Adsaria Pala. Order, Leguminosse. 
 (F.) Pois a gratter. The stiff hairs of the Doli- 
 chos Pods, called Dolichos Pubes, D. Prurien'tia 
 jnibes, Dolichi Seta Le(jn'minum, Lanu'go Sil'i- 
 qum hirsu'tcB, BIucu' na (Ph. U. S.), are the parts 
 used in medicine. They excite an intolerable, 
 prurient sensation, when applied to the skin ; but 
 do not irritate the mucous membrane over which 
 they pass, when administered internally. The 
 Dolichos is a mechanical anthelmintic, and is 
 useful in cases of ascarides lumbricoides, and 
 oxyures vermiculares. Dose, gr, v to x, of the 
 pubes, in molasses. 
 
 Macu'na prnri'ta, a distinct species, but pos- 
 sessing similar properties, grows in the East 
 Indies. 
 
 DOLIQUE, Dolichos. 
 
 DOLOIRE (¥.), As'cia, Dola'hra, 'a carpen- 
 ter's axe.' A Bandage en doloire is one in which 
 the turns are so placed, that each one covers two- 
 thirds of that which is immediately beneath it. 
 It has received the name Doloire from its repre- 
 senting the obliquity of the edge of the instrument 
 whose name it bears. See Bandage. 
 
 DOLOR, Pain — d. Ani, Proctalgia — d. Capitis, 
 Cephalalgia — d. Cephalicus, Cephalalgia — d. Co- 
 licus, Colic — d. Crucians faciei, Neuralgia, facial 
 — d. Dentium, Odontalgia- — d. Dentium a stridore, 
 Hsemodia — d. Faciei, Neuralgia, facial — d. Ischi- 
 adicus nervosus. Neuralgia femoro-poplit^a — d. 
 Lenis, Hypodynia — d. Mitis, Hypodynia — d. Ne- 
 phreticus. Nephralgia — -d. Pectoris externus, Pleu- 
 rodynia — d. Pudendorum, Pudendagra — d. Rheu- 
 maticus et arthriticus, Rheumatism. 
 
 DOLORES AD PARTUM, Pains, labour— d. 
 Intestinorum, Colic — d. Parturientis, Pains, la- 
 bour — d. Post partum. Pains, after— d. Puerpera- 
 rum. Pains, after — -d. Rodentes, Pains, gnawing. 
 DOLP, Nates. 
 
 DOMBBY'A EXCEL'SA, Aranca'ria Dom- 
 hey'i. A tree of Chili, which furnishes Dombeya 
 turpentine ; a glutinous, milky-looking fluid of a 
 strong odour and taste. 
 
 DOMES'TIC, Domes'ticns, from domus, 'a 
 house.' The term Domestic or Pop'nlnr 3[ed'i- 
 cine, has been given to treatises written for the 
 purpose of enabling those who are not of the pro- 
 
 fession to treat diseases, which may occur in their 
 families, without the necessity of calling in a 
 physician. The term, likewise, signifies — Medi- 
 cine, when thus practised. It is probable, that 
 such works have been attended with mischievous 
 as well as advantageous results. 
 
 DOMINA'RUM AQUA. A medicine described 
 by Myrepsus, which he considered emmenagogue. 
 DOMPTE-VENIN, Asclepias vincetoxicum. 
 DOMUS LEPROSARIA, Ladrerie. 
 ■ DONDO, Albino. 
 DONESIS, Agitation. 
 DOORWEED, Polygonum. 
 DORADILLA, Asplenium ceterach. 
 DORCADIZON, Caprizans. 
 DOREA, Hemeralops. 
 
 DOREMA AMMONIACUM, see Ammoniac, 
 Gum. 
 
 DORMITATIO, Somnolency. 
 DORMITIO, Sleep — d. Lucumoriana, see Lu- 
 cumorianus. 
 
 DOR ONTO, Doronicum pardalianches — d. 
 d'Allemagne, Arnica raontana. 
 
 DORONICUM ARNICA, Arnica montana— d. 
 Cordatum, D. Pardalianches — d. Germanicum, 
 Arnica montana — d. Officinale, D. Pardalianches 
 — d. Oppositifolium, Arnica montana. 
 
 Doron'icdm Pardalian'ches, D. Roma'num 
 sen Corda'ium seu Officina'le, Roman Leop'ard's 
 Bane, (F.) Doronic, Doronique, Mort aiix Pan- 
 theres. The root of this plant resembles Arnica 
 Montana in its properties. 
 
 Doronicum Plantaginis Folio, Arnica mon- 
 tana — d. Romanum, D. Pardalianches. 
 DORSAD, see Dorsal Aspect. 
 DORSAL, Dorsa'lis, from dorsum, 'the back.' 
 Notim'us, Notal, Tergal. Relating to the back 
 of the body, or of one of its parts; as the Dorsal 
 vertebrcB, nerves, &o.; Dorsal artery of the tongue, 
 penis, (fcc. ; Dorsal region of the foot, hand, &c.; 
 Dorsal Consumption, &c. 
 
 Dorsal Aspect. An aspect towards the dor- 
 sum or backbone. — Barclay. Dorsad is used by 
 the same writer adverbially, to signify ' towards 
 the dorsal aspect.' 
 DORSAL, LONG, Longissimus dorsi. 
 DORSALIS, Dorsal. 
 
 Dorsa'lis Penis, (Nervus.) The branch of 
 the internal pudic nerve, which is distributed to 
 the upper part of the male organ; and to the 
 clitoris of the female. 
 
 DORSCH, see Oleum jeeoris aselli. 
 DORSE, see Oleum jeeoris aselli. 
 DORSO-COSTAL, Serratus posticus superior 
 —d. Lombo-costal, Serratus posticus inferior — d. 
 Lombo-saero-humeral, Latissimus dorsi — d. Sus- 
 acromien, Trapezius — d.Trachelon-occipital, Com- 
 plexus. 
 
 DORSTENIA BRASILIENSIS, Caa-apia. 
 DoRSTENiA Conteayer'va, called after Dr. 
 Dorsten ; D. Housto'nH, Contrayer'va, Drake'na, 
 Cype'rus Jongus odo'rus seu Perua'nus, Bezoar'- 
 dica Radix, Lisbon Contrayer'va, (F.) Racine de 
 Charcis ou de DracJce ou des Philippines. Order, 
 Urticeaj. Sex. Syst. Tetandria Monogynia.. A 
 plant of South America, whose root, Contrayer'va 
 (Ph. U. S.), is aromatic, bitter, and astringent. 
 It has been given as a tonic, stimulant and sudo 
 rific. Dose, gr. xij to ^ss. 
 
 DoRSTENiA CoRDiFOLiA, D. Brasiliensis — d. 
 Placentoides, D. Brasiliensis — d. Vitella, D. Bra- 
 siliensis. 
 
 DORSUM, Ifotos, Noton. The back. Metaph'- 
 renon, Tergum, (Prov.) Rig, (F.) Dos. The pos- 
 terior part of the trunk, extending from the infe- 
 rior and posterior region of the neck as far as the 
 loins. The bach of the foot, Dorsum pedis, is the 
 upper part of that organ, opposite the sole : the 
 
DORTCIMUM 
 
 311 
 
 DRACONTIUM 
 
 hach of the hand, Dorsum mands, the part op- 
 posed to the palm. In the same sense, we say 
 Dorsum penis, Dorsum nasi, for the upper part of 
 those organs. 
 
 DoRSUjr, Vertebral column — d. Ephippii, see 
 Sella turcica — d. Manus, Opisthenar. 
 
 DORYCIMUM, Costus creticus. 
 
 DOS, Dorsum. 
 
 DOSAGE, Posology. 
 
 DOSE, Dosis, PrcB'Mum. The quantity of any 
 substance, which ought to form part of a com- 
 pound medicine, or ought to be exhibited singly, 
 to produce a desired effect. Many circumstances 
 influence the doses of medicine. Women require 
 smaller doses, as a general principle, than wen. 
 Habit has a great effect, as well as climate, age, 
 and idiosyncrasy : all these, and other circum- 
 stances, must be taken into account; and every 
 general rule on the subject will be found to have 
 numerous exceptions. Some of the mechanical 
 physicians laid it down as a rule, that the doses 
 of medicines must always be as the square of the 
 constitution! — A matter not easy of calculation. 
 
 The following Tables will exhibit an approxi- 
 mation to the proper doses (according to age) of 
 most substances. 
 
 Table of Doses according to Age. 
 
 Age 24 
 
 18 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 Let the full dose be 
 will require 
 
 1 
 
 2-Sds. 
 
 half. 
 
 l-3d. 
 
 l-4th. 
 
 l-6th. 
 
 1-Rth. 
 
 l-12th. 
 
 1 drachm. 
 
 2 scruples. 
 i drachm. 
 1 scruple. 
 
 15 grains. 
 10 grains. 
 
 8 grains. 
 
 5 grains. 
 
 The table of doses, according to age, recom- 
 mended by Dr. Thomas Young, differs in some 
 respects from the above. Either affords a suflS- 
 cient general approximation. His rule is, that 
 
 For children, under tioelve years of age, the 
 doses of most medicines must be diminished in 
 the proportion of the age to the age increased by 
 twelve : 
 
 o 
 Thus, at two years, to l-7th; i. e., l-7th = 
 
 2 + 12 
 At twenty-one the full dose is given. 
 
 Doses, Broken. When an agent is given in 
 small portions it is said to be in broken doses', — 
 refraetis dosihus. 
 
 DOSIOLOGIA, Posology. 
 
 DOSIS, Dose. 
 
 DOSSIL, Bourdonnet. 
 
 DOTAGE, Dementia. 
 
 DOTHIEN, Furunculus. 
 
 DOTHlENENTEPtIA, Dothinenteritis. 
 
 DOTHIENENTERIE, Dothinenteritis. 
 
 DOTHINENTERIA, Dothinenteritis. 
 
 DOTIIINENTERI'TIS, properly Dothienente- 
 ri'tis, Dothienente)-' ia, Dothinenter'ia, Enteri'iis 
 pustulo'sa, Enterodothie'nia, Helcenteri'tis, Fol- 
 lic'ular Gastroenteri'tis, from io&iriv, *a pustule,' 
 and ivrtoov, 'intestine.' (F.) Dothinepterite, Do- 
 thinenterie, Dothienenterie,Dothieiienterite. An in- 
 flammation and ulceration of the glands or folli- 
 cles of Peyer and Brunner, which Bretonneau 
 considers to be the essence of a large class of 
 fevers, particularly of those of the typhoid cha- 
 racter. See Typhus. 
 
 DOTHION, Furunculus. 
 
 DOTTRINA MEDICA ITALIANA, Contro- 
 stimulus, (doctrine of.) 
 
 DOUBLE, Ingluvies, 
 
 DOUBLE-CONSCIOUSNESS, see Conscious- 
 ness, double. 
 
 DOUBLE-HEARING, Dipleco'in, Ditteco'ia, 
 Paracu'sis duplica'ta seu imperfec'ta. The ac- 
 tion of the one ear unaccordant with that of the 
 other: sounds heard doubly, and in different tones 
 or keys. 
 
 DOUBLE-MONSTERS, see Duplication. 
 
 DOUBLE-QUARTE, see Quartan. 
 
 DOUBLE-QUOTIDIENNE, see Quotidian. 
 
 DOUBLE-TIERCE, see Tertian. 
 
 DOUOE-AillEBE, Solanum dulcamara. 
 
 DOUCHE (F.). In Italian, doccia : modern 
 Latin, ducia; Cataclys'mus, Douse. This term 
 is applied to a column of fluid, of a determi- 
 nate nature and temperature, let fall upon 
 the body. Pumping is a variety of the Douche. 
 In using this kind of bath, the fluid is directed 
 upon the part on which we are desirous of acting. 
 The douches descendantes are those in which the 
 fluid falls from a height,— the douches ascendan- 
 tes, those administered in diseases of the uterus, 
 — the douches horizontales, where the fluid is im- 
 pelled horizontally, &c. They may be cold or 
 warm, according to circumstances. The appa- 
 ratus consists of a reservoir of water having a 
 pipe or plug, by means of which the water can be 
 directed as the practitioner may desire. The 
 Douche communicates a considerable and peculiar 
 shock to the nervous system ; and is one of the 
 most successful means for taming the furious 
 maniac. It is, also, useful in chronic rheumatism, 
 stiff joints, &o. 
 
 Douches of air are, also, occasionally used, as 
 in cases of obstruction of the Eustachian tube by 
 mucus. They are sent from an air-press — of 
 which Deleau and Kramer have invented one 
 each — through a catheter introduced through the 
 nose into the tube. 
 
 DOULEUR, Pain— d de Cote, Pleurodynia— 
 d. des Dents, Odontalgia — d. de I' Estomac, Cardial- 
 gia — d. Nevralgiqne de I' Estomac, Cardialgia — d. 
 Pulsative, see Throbbing. 
 
 DOULEURS, Pains, labour — d, Conquassantes, 
 see Conquassant. 
 
 DOUNT, Palpitation. 
 
 DOUP, Nates. 
 
 DOUSE, Douche. 
 
 DOUVE, Distoma hepaticum — d. du Foie, 
 Distoma hepaticum — d. Petite, Ranunculus flam- 
 mula. 
 
 DOWN, see Attack. 
 
 DOWP, Nates. 
 
 DOYLE, Strabismus. 
 
 DRACHION, Pugillus. 
 
 DRACHM, Drachmu, Dram, (F.) Gros. The 
 ancient name of a piece of money, weighing the 
 eighth part of an ounce. At the present day it 
 is used for this weight. 
 
 DRACO MITIGATUS, Hydrargyri submurias 
 — d. Sylvestris, Achillea ptarmica. 
 
 DRACOCEPH'ALUM CANARIEN'SE, 
 D. Jloldav'icum, from SpaKcjv, 'a dragon,' and 
 K£.((ia\i], 'head,' from the shape of the corolla, 
 Melis'sa Turcica seu Canarien'sis, Cedroncl'la 
 triphyl'la, Alpi'ni Bal'samum, TurJcey or Cana'ru 
 Balsam, Balm of Gil'ead Tree, (F.) Jlelisse de 
 Moldavie. Ord. Labiatae. A Turkish and Sibe- 
 rian plant, which has an aromatic taste, joined 
 with an agreeable flavour. It has been used as a 
 tonic. 
 
 DRACONTHiBMA, see Calamus rotang. 
 
 DRACONTIUM, Dracunculus. See, also, Dra- 
 eontium foetidum. 
 
 Dracon'tium Foe'tiddm, Dracon'tium, from 
 6paKtj}v, 'a dragon,' whose tail the roots resem- 
 ble, Icto'des fai'tidus, Symplocar'pus fce'tida, 
 Pothos foe'tida seu Puto'rii, Arum America'num 
 
DRACUNCULUS 
 
 31 
 
 DRINK 
 
 letcB fo'lio, Spathje'ma fue'tida, SJcunh-calbage, 
 Skunk-iceed, Polecat-coUarcJ, Cow-collard, Col- 
 lard, Itch-weed, Stink-poke, Swamp-cabbage, Pole' - 
 cat-weed, Hel' lebore, El'lebore, Irish cabbage. 
 Ord. Aroideas or Araceae. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria 
 Monogynia. This indigenous plant, as some of 
 its names import, is extremely fetid. The pro- 
 perty on which its medical virtues are dependent, 
 resides in a volatile principle, which is impaired 
 by long keeping, especially in powder. Dose, of 
 the dried root, Bracontium, (Ph. U. S.,) ten to 
 twenty grains. It resembles asafcetida and 
 other fetid gums in its properties ; in other words, 
 belongs to the class of reputed antispasmodics. 
 
 Dracontium Angustis'patha, Symplocar'pus 
 Angustis'piatha, Narrow-spathed Skunk-cabbage, 
 is possessed of similar properties. 
 
 DRACUN'CULUS, diminutive of 5pa/fQ)v, 'a 
 dragon or serpent,' B. Oor'dius, Dracon'tinm, 
 Vena Medi'na Ar'abnm, Vena seu Gor'dius 3Iedi- 
 iien'sis, Jfedinogor'dius, Vermic'ulus Capilla'ris, 
 FUa'ria Media en' sis seu Guineen'sis, Ifalis Bra- 
 eun'cuhis seu Gor'dii, Helminthon' ciis Medinensis, 
 Iluscular Hairworm, Bichios, Bicho, Guinea 
 Worm or Threadivorm, (P.) Bragonneau, Ver de 
 Gtiinee, Ver Filaire, V. de Iledine, V. cutane, 
 Veine ou Filaire de Iledine. A genus of worms, 
 frequently met with in Indian and African climes. 
 They are characterized by a filiform body, and 
 are smooth and nearly of equal thickness through- 
 out. The Guinea worm, when small, insinuates 
 itself through the cutaneous pores, and pene- 
 trates into the areolar membrane and between the 
 muscles ; especially between those of the lower 
 limbs, where it occasions a tumour like a boil, 
 ■whicl: subsequently suppurates, and the head of 
 the worm appears and emerges gradually. The 
 head must then be seized, and the worm be cau- 
 tiously rolled round a small cylinder of linen or 
 other substance. Care must be taken not to 
 break it, as great pain and obstinate suppuration 
 might be the consequence. 
 
 Considerable obscurity rests on this subject. 
 Some even deny that the cases of Dracunculus, 
 on record, are really those of worms. 
 
 Dracunculus Polyphyllus, Arum dracuncu- 
 lus — d. Pratensis, Achillea ptarmica. 
 
 BRAGEES, (F.) Almonds or dried preserves, 
 covered with white sugar; Sugar-plums. 
 
 BEAGEES BE KEYSER. A pharmaceuti- 
 cal preparation, formerly much celebrated in 
 syphilis. It was composed of acetate of mercury, 
 manna, starch, mucilage and gum tragacanth. 
 DRAGMA, Pugillus. 
 DRAGMIS, Pugillus. 
 
 DRAGON {¥.), Bragon. Some authors have 
 given this name to opake spots on the cornea, 
 and to cataract. 
 
 Dragon Clatv, Scaly, Pterospora andromedea 
 — d. Green, Arum dracontium — d. Root, Arum 
 triphyllum, Pterospora andromedea — d. Turnip, 
 Arum triphvllum. 
 
 DRAGON'S BLOOD, see Calamus rotang. 
 BRAGONNEAU, Dracunculus. 
 DRAINING, Besicca'tio, (F.) BessecTiement. 
 The act of drawing off the water from marshes, 
 for the purpose of destroying the unhealthy ema- 
 nations which proceed from them. It is a well 
 known fact, that from marshes arise certain ema- 
 nations or miasmata, with the nature of which 
 we are, however, totally unacquainted, but which 
 are the fertile source of intermittents and other 
 diseases. Draining the soil and converting it 
 into arable land changes its character, and the 
 malaria ceases to be given off. It has happened, 
 however, that although in some such situations 
 intermittents have been got rid of, consumptions 
 have taken their place. 
 
 DRAITSCH WATER, Godesberg, mineral 
 waters of. 
 
 DRAKENA, Dorstenia contrayerva. 
 DRAM, Melancholic. 
 
 BRAPEAU{¥.), Vexil'lum, irom rZra^j, ' cloth.' 
 A bandage, used in wounds, &o., of the nose, to 
 keep the dressings in situ. It is composed of a 
 small triangular compress, having two openings 
 at its inferior part, corresponding to those of the 
 nostrils. It is fixed by means of a bandage, 
 passing from its superior angle over the head, 
 and another passing round the head, under the 
 orbits, so as to join the first at the nape of the 
 neck. Also, Pterygion. 
 
 BRAP FANON, see Fanon. 
 
 DRASTIC, Bras'ticus, Cenot'ic, (F.) Brastique, 
 from lipab), 'I operate strongly.' Active. An 
 epithet given to purgatives, which operate power- 
 fully ; as elaterium, oil of croton, &c, 
 
 DRAUGHT, Haustus. A term also applied, 
 by nurses, to the sudden rush of blood to the 
 mamma?, occasioned in the mother by the sight, 
 or even thought, of her infant, and which occa- 
 sions a greatly-increased secretion of milk. 
 
 Draught, Black, see Infusum sennse compo- 
 situm. 
 
 DRAWING, see Digestives. 
 
 DRAX, Pugillus. 
 
 DREAM, Somnium — d. AVaking, Hallucination. 
 
 BRECHE, Malt. 
 
 DREGISTER, Druggist. 
 
 DREGS, Feculence. 
 
 DRENCH, (Sax. ■ojiencean, 'to soak.') To 
 give liquid physic by force. A liquid medicine, 
 given by violence, is called "a drench." 
 
 DREPANOIDES, Falciform. 
 
 DRESS, Vestitus. 
 
 DRESSER, from (F.) dresser, 'to put right.' 
 An hospital assistant, whose ofBce it is to dress 
 wounds, ulcers, &q. He corresponds in function 
 to the Eleve externe of the French hospitals. 
 
 DRESSING, Cura, Cura'tio, (F.) Pavsement. 
 Same etymon. The methodical application of 
 any remedy or apparatus to a diseased part. 
 Also, the remedy or apparatus itself. 
 
 DRIBURG, MINERAL WATERS OF. At 
 the small town of Driburg, near Pyrmont, in 
 Germany, there are nine springs, which are rich 
 in saline ingredients, iron, and carbonic acid gas. 
 Their action on the ecomony is like that of Pyr- 
 mont water. They contain chloride of sodium, 
 sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of lime, carbonate 
 of lime, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of iron, 
 chloride of calcium, and chloride of magnesium. 
 
 DRIMYPHA'GIA, from Spiixvs, 'acrid,' 'aro- 
 matic,' and <payiD, 'I eat.' An aromatic and ex- 
 citing diet. 
 
 DRIMYS WINTERI, Wintera aromatica. 
 
 DRINK, from Sax. t)jiencaii,Poma,Po'<!o,Pof!(s, 
 Bev'erage, (F.) Boisson. Every liquid introduced 
 into the alimentary canal for the purpose of re- 
 pairing the loss of the fluid parts of the body. 
 The necessity for its use is indicated by the sen- 
 sation of thirst. Fluid, taken during a meal, aids 
 in the digestion of the food. Some drinks are 
 exciting and tonic, as the different varieties of 
 beer, wine, a.nd spirits, which we use at table. 
 In a therapeutical point of view, drinks are used 
 to appease the thirst which prevails in febrile 
 affections, or to act as diluents in those and other 
 cases. 
 
 The ordinary drinks, according to their chemi- 
 cal composition, are — 1. Water, spring water, 
 river water, well water, &c. — 2. Juices and infu- 
 sions of Animal and Vegetable substances, lemon 
 juice, currant juice, whey, tea, coffee, mattee, <fcc. 
 — 3. Fermented Liquors, wines, ale, beer, cider, 
 perry. — 4. Spirituous Liquors, brandy, alcohol. 
 
DRIVELLING 
 
 313 
 
 DUCKFOOT 
 
 ether, kirscliwasser, rum, arack, gin, whisky, 
 ratafias, cordials, &c. 
 
 DRIVELLINa, Slavering. 
 DROAT, Throat. 
 DRODDUM, Nates. 
 DROGUE, Drug. 
 
 DROGUIER {¥.). Same etymon as drug. A 
 collection of different simple medicinal substances. 
 A methodical collection of specimens of drugs. 
 DROGUISTE, Druggist. 
 DROICH, Nanus. 
 
 DROIT, Rectus — d. de V Abdomen, Rectus ab- 
 dominis—^. Anterieur de la cuisse, Rectus femoris 
 — d. Anterieur de la tete, Rectus capitis internus 
 minor — d. Anterieur de la tete, grand, Rectus 
 capitis internus major — d. Externe de I'ceil, Rec- 
 tus externus oculi — d. Inferieur de Vwil, Rectus 
 inferior oculi — d. Interne de la cuisse. Gracilis — 
 d. Interne de I'oeil, Rectus internus oculi — d. 
 Lateral de la tSte, Rectus capitis lateralis — d. 
 Posterieur de la tete, grand, R,ectus capitis posti- 
 cus major — d. Posterieur de la tete, petit. Rectus 
 capitis posticus minor — d. Superieur, Rectus su- 
 perior oculi. 
 
 DROP, Gutta — d. Ague, tasteless. Liquor ar- 
 senicalis — d. Black, Guttse nigrje — d. Red, Ward's, 
 see Vinum antimonii tartarizati — d. Serene, 
 Amaurosis. 
 
 DROPACISMUS, Depilation. 
 DROPAX, Depilatory. 
 DROPPED HANDS, see Hands, dropped. 
 DROPS, ABBE ROUSSEAU'S, Laudanum 
 Abbatis Rousseau — d. Anodyne, Liquor morphi- 
 nse acetatis — d. Antiscorbutic, Marsden's, see In- 
 fusum gentianae compositum — d. Anti-venereal, 
 see Tinotura ferri muriatis — d. Chamomile, see 
 Anthemis nobilis — d. Dutch, Balsam of sulphur. 
 Balsam of Turpentine— d. Fit, Spiritus annnoniae 
 foetidus, see Fuligo — d. Golden, de la Motte's, 
 Tinetura sen alcohol sulfurico-sethereus ferri — d. 
 Green's, see Liquor Hydrargyri oxymuriatis — d. 
 Jesuit's, Tinetura benzoini composita — d. Laven- 
 der, Spiritus Lavandulae compositus — d. Nitre, 
 Spiritus setheris nitrici — d. Norris's, see Antimo- 
 nium tartarizatum — d. Norton's, Liquor Hydrar- 
 gyri Oxymuriatis — d. Pectoral, Pectoral drops, 
 Bateman's — d. Peppermint, Pastilli de mentha 
 jjiperita — d. Soot, see Euligo — d. Wade's, Tine- 
 tura benzoini composita — d. White, Ward's, see 
 Hydrargyri nitras. 
 
 Drops, Warburg's. A secret preparation used 
 in Demarara under the name of Warburg's Fever 
 Drop>s. See Bebeeru. 
 DROPSICAL, Hydropic. 
 DROPSIED, Hydropic. 
 
 DROPSY, Hydrops— d. of the Belly, Ascites— 
 d. of the Brain, Hydrocephalus. 
 
 Dropsy, Cardiac. Hydrops cnrdiacus, (F.) 
 Ilydropisie cardiaque. Dropsy, dependent on 
 disease of the heart. 
 
 Dropsy op the Cellular Membrane, Ana- 
 sarca — d. of the Chest, Hj'drothorax — d. of the 
 Eye, Hydrophthalmia. 
 
 Dropsy, Fibrinous. Dropsy in which the 
 effused fluid contains fibrin. 
 
 Dropsy, General, Anasarca — d. of the Head, 
 Hydrocephalus. 
 
 Dropsy, Hepat'ic, Hydrops hepat'icus, (F.) 
 Hydropisie hepatique. Dropsy, dependent on 
 disease of the liver. 
 
 Dropsy op the Lachrymal Sac, Fistula lacry- 
 raalis. Lachrymal hernia — d. of the Pericardium, 
 Hydropericardium — d. of the Peritoneum, Ascites 
 — d. of the Pleura, Hydrothorax. 
 
 Dropsy, Renal, Hydrops rena'lis, (F.) Hy- 
 dropisie renale. Dropsy, dependent on disease of 
 the kidney. 
 
 Dropsy, Water of, Serum of Serous mem- 
 branes — d Wind, Emphysema. 
 
 Dropsy of the Womb, Hydrometra. 
 
 DROPWORT, Spiraea filipendula — d. IJ-^m- 
 lock, CEnanthe — d. Water, Hemlock, QSnanthe — 
 d. Western, Gillenia trifoliata. 
 
 DROPYK, Hydrops. 
 
 DROS'ERA ROTUNDIFO'LIA, from ^powpo?, 
 'dewy,' ipoaoi, 'dew,' the leaf glands exuding a 
 clear fluid like dew drops. The systematic name 
 of the Sundew, Ros solis, Drosiobot' anon, Dro'- 
 siuni, Rorel'la, (F.) Rossolis, Rosee du soleil, 
 Uerhe a la rosee. Ord. Droscraceas. This plant 
 has a bitter, acrid, and caustic taste. It has 
 been used aa a rubefacient, and to destroy warts 
 and corns. It has, also, been regarded as a 
 pectoral. 
 
 DROSIOBOTANON, Drosera rotundifolia. 
 
 DROSISTICON, see Bosa. 
 
 DROSIUM, Drosera rotundifolia. 
 
 DROSOMELI, Fraxinus ornus. 
 
 DROW, Syncope. 
 
 DRUG, Medicamen'tum, (F.) Drogue. A name 
 ordinarily applied to simple medicines, but, by 
 extension, to every substance employed in the 
 cure of disease. Menage derives it from droga, 
 and this from the Persian droa, 'odour;' because 
 many drugs have a strong odour. It is, doubt- 
 less, from the Teutonic trochen. Sax. tjjiigan, ' to 
 dry.' 
 
 Drug. To prescribe or administer drugs. 
 Most commonly, perhaps, to dose to excess with 
 drugs. One who so doses is sometimes called "a 
 drugger." " To drug," also means to tincture 
 with some medicinal article. 
 
 Drug Disease. A morbid condition, which 
 is — or is presumed to be — caused or kept up by 
 the administration of drugs. 
 
 Drug-grinder, see Pulverization — d. Mill, 
 see Pulverization. 
 
 DRUGGER, Druggist, see Drug. 
 
 DRUGGIST, Drugger, Drugster, (Prov.) Dre- 
 gister. Same etymon. Pharmacopo'la, Jlateri- 
 alis'ta, Seplasia'rius, Pharmacopce' as, (F.) Dro- 
 guiste. One who sells drugs. 
 
 DRUGSTER, Druggist. 
 
 DRUM, Melancholic. 
 
 DRUM OF THE EAR, Tympanum. 
 
 DRUM-SIEVE, see Cribration. 
 
 DRUNKENNESS, Temulentia. 
 
 DRUNKEWORT, Nicotiana tabacum. 
 
 DRYING, Desieca'tion, Sicca'tio, Desicea'tio, 
 Exsicca'tio, Xeran'sis, Auan'sis, same etymon as 
 Drug, (F.) Dessiccation. Evaporation or removal 
 of the superfluous humidity in a body. 
 
 Drying op Plants, Desicea'tio herba'rum, 
 Desieca'tion of Plants. Those which are very 
 succulent should be dried quickly. They must be 
 spread upon lattice work, covered from the light, 
 and exposed to the heat of the sun or to that of 
 a stove, not exceeding 110° Fahrenheit. The 
 drying of less succulent plants can be effected at 
 a lower temperature. Flowers must be dried 
 very carefully, excluding light. Seeds are dried 
 in a place where there is a free current of air. 
 Pulpy fruits may be exposed to a gentle heat in 
 a stove, which may be gradually elevated. Roots 
 may also be dried in the stove : the tuberous re- 
 quire to be cut in slices. 
 
 DRY NURSE, see Nurse 
 
 DTHOKE, Framboesia. 
 
 DUAL'ITY, Dual'itas, from duo, 'two.' The 
 state or quality of being two. 
 
 Duality of the Mind, or Brain. As the 
 organ consists of two hemispheres, they have 
 been regarded by some as separately and dis- 
 tinctly concerned in the mental and moral mani- 
 festations. 
 
 DUALM, Syncope. 
 
 DUCKFOOT, see Kyllosis. 
 
DUCKLEGGED 
 
 314 
 
 DURE-MERE 
 
 DUCKLEGGED. Having short legs like a 
 duck. 
 
 DUCKSFOOT, Podophyllum montauum. 
 
 DUCT, ALIMENTARY, Canal, alimentary, 
 Thoracic duct. 
 
 Duct of Bellini, Uriniferous tube. 
 
 Duct, Nasal, Lachrymal duct — d. Pancre- 
 atic, see Pancreas. 
 
 Duct op Pecquet, Thoracic duct. 
 
 Duct, Vitelline, see Vesicula umbiliealis. 
 
 Duct of Wirsung, see Pancreas. 
 
 DUCTIO PR^PUTII, Masturbation. 
 
 DUCTLESS GLANDS, see Ganglion. 
 
 DUCTOR CANALICULATUS, Gorget — d. 
 Urinae, Ureter. 
 
 DUCTULI RECTI, see Rete testis. 
 
 DUCTUS, Canal, Meatus— d. Arteriosus, Arte- 
 rial duct — d. Auris palatinus. Eustachian tube. 
 
 Ductus B artholinia'nus, Bar'tholin's 
 Duct, (F.) Canal de Bartholin. The excretory 
 duct of the sublingual gland. 
 
 Ductus Belliniani, Uriniferous tubes 
 — d. Biliarii, Pori biliarii — d. Biliferi, Pori biliarii. 
 — d. Botalli, Arterial duct — d. Choledochus, 
 Choledoch duct — d. Chyliferus, Thoracic duct — 
 d. Cibarius, Canal, alimentary — d. Excretorius, 
 Excretory duct — d. Ferreini, Ferrein, canal of — d. 
 Hepaticus, Hepatic duct — d. Incisivus, Palatine 
 duct (anterior) — d. Intestinalis, Canal, alimen- 
 tary — d. Lacteus, Thoracic duct — d. Lacryma- 
 lis, Lachrymal duct — d. Laorumalis, Lachrymal 
 duct — d. Nasalis orbitse. Lachrymal or nasal duct 
 — d. Nasalo-palatinus, Palatine duct (anterior) — 
 d. ad Nasum, Lachrymal or nasal duct — d. Nu- 
 tritii. Canals, nutritive — d. Omphalo-mesenteri- 
 cus, see Vesicula umbiliealis — d. Pancreaticus, see 
 Pancreas — d. Pecqueti, Thoracic duct — d. Pneu- 
 maticus, see Air-bladder — d. Punctorum lacry- 
 malium, Lachrymal ducts — d. Riviniani, see Sub- 
 lingual gland — d. Rorifer, Thoracic duct. 
 
 Ductus Saliva'lis Infe'rior, Z). Whartonia'- 
 nus, (F.) Canal de Warthon. The excretory duct 
 of the submaxillary gland. 
 
 Ductus Saliva'lis Supe'rior, B. Stenonia'- 
 nus, Steno's JDuat, (F.) Canal de Stenon. The 
 excretory duct of the parotid gland -which opens 
 into the mouth opposite the second upper molar 
 tooth. 
 
 Ductus Semi-Circulares Labyrinthi, Semi- 
 circular canals — d. Serosi, Lymphatic vessels — d. 
 Spirales cochleas, Scalse of the cochlea — d. Ste- 
 nonianus. Ductus salivalis superior— d. Thora- 
 cicus, Thoracic duet — d. Urinse, Ureter — d. Ilri- 
 narius. Urethra — d. Uriniferi Bellini, Uriniferous 
 tubes — d. Varicosi uteri, Tubse Fallopianae — d. 
 Venosus, Canal, venous — d. Vitellarius, see Ve- 
 sicula umbiliealis — d. Vitello-intestinalis, see Ve- 
 sicula umbiliealis — d. 'Waltheriani, see Sublin- 
 gual gland — d. Whartonianus, Ductus salivalis 
 inferior — d. Wirsungianus, see Pancreas. 
 DUELECH, Dulech. 
 
 DUEL'LA. The ancient name of a weight, 
 which was equivalent to eight scruples. 
 DUELLUM VENEREUM, Coition. 
 DUG, Nipple. 
 
 DULCAMARA, Solanum dulcamara— d. Flex- 
 uosa, Solanum dulcamara. 
 
 DULCEDO AMORIS, Clitoris— d. Sputatorum, 
 see Salivation. 
 
 DULECH, Dueled). A term employed by 
 Paracelsus and- Van Helmont to designate a pre- 
 tended tartarized substance, which forms in the 
 human body, and produces acute pain, accompa- 
 nied with great danger. 
 DULL, Deaf. 
 
 DULSE, Rhodomela palmata— d. Pepper, Lau- 
 rentia pinnatifida. 
 DUMB, see Mutitas. 
 
 DUMBNESS, Mutitas. 
 
 DUNBLANE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 The springs of Dunblane, in Scotland, contain 
 sulphate of soda, chlorides of sodium and cal- 
 cium, and carbonate of iron. 
 
 DUNG, Fimus — d. Cow's, Fimus Vaccas — d. 
 Goose, Fimus anseris — d. Stone-horse, Fimus 
 equinus. 
 
 DUNGA, Dengue. 
 DUNT, Palpitation. 
 
 DUODE'NAL, Duodena'lis, (F.) Duodenal. 
 Relating or appertaining to the duodenum. 
 
 DUODENI'TIS, DodecadacUjli'tis, (F.) Duo. 
 denite. A hybrid term, from duodenum, and itin, 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 duodenum, characterized by white tongue, bitter 
 taste, anorexia, fulness and tenderness in the 
 region of the duodenum, and often yellowness 
 of skin, along with the ordinary signs of febrile 
 irritation. 
 
 DUODE'NUM, from duodeni, 'twelve.' Ven- 
 tric'ulus Suecenturia'tus, Ec'physia seu Appen'dix 
 seu Proces'sus Ventrie'uU, Portona' riurn, Dode- 
 cadac'tylon, (from ^axk/ca, 'twelve,' and haKTv\oi, 
 'a finger.') The duodenum is the first part of 
 the intestinal canal, commencing at the pyloric 
 orifice of the stomach, and terminating in the 
 jejunum. Its length is about twelve fingers' 
 breadth, and as it is only partially covered by the 
 peritoneum, it is susceptible of considerable dila- 
 tation j hence its name Ventriculus succenturiatus. 
 In the duodenum, chylification takes place after 
 the admixture of the biliary and pancreatic fluids 
 with the chyme. 
 
 DUO-STERNAL. Beclard thus names the 
 second osseous portion of the sternum, which 
 corresponds to the second intercostal space. 
 
 DUPLICA'TION, {dxio, 'two,' and plicare, 
 pUeatum, 'to fold.') Duplica'tio, Dupl{c"itaa, 
 Diplasias'mu'i, Diplo'sts, (F.) Dup>licite. A spe- 
 cies of malformation or monstrosity, character- 
 ized by the parts concerned being doubled. See 
 Diplogenesis. 
 
 Duplication of the Fcetus, Evolution, spon- 
 taneous. 
 
 DU'PLICATURE, Duplicatu'ra, Reflec'tion. 
 Same etymon. The folding or reflection of a 
 membrane upon itself; as DupNeature or reflec- 
 tion of the pleura, peritoneum, <fcc. 
 
 DUPLICITAS MONSTROSA, see Diplogene- 
 sis. 
 DUP LICIT E, Duplication. 
 DUPON'DIUM. A weight of four drachms. 
 — Galen. 
 
 DUE, Hard. 
 
 DURA MATER, Crassa seu Dura meninx, 
 Sclerome'ninx, lleninx exte'rior seu sclera seu 
 dermato' des seu pachei'a, of Galen, Dura mem- 
 hra'na cer'ehrum am'biens, Cuticula'ris membra'- 
 iia, Ileninge, (Ch.) It has been called dura, be- 
 cause of its great resistance; and mater, because 
 it was believed to give rise to every membrane 
 of the body. (F.) Dure mere, Dure-taye (Pare ) 
 It is a fibrous, semi-transparent membrane, of a 
 pearly-white colour, thick, and very resisting ; 
 lines the cavity of the cranium, and contains the 
 spinal marrow ; protects the brain and marrow; 
 and, by its various expansions — the falx cerebri, 
 tentorium, &e., — supports the different parts of 
 the cerebral mass. The largest artery of the dura 
 mater is the A. meningcB' a me'dia. 
 
 Dura Mater, Lateral Processes of the, 
 Tentorium — d. m. Testis, Albuginea. 
 
 DURATION OF LIFE, see Life— d. of Preg- 
 nancy, see Pregnancy. 
 
 DURE-3IERE, Dura mater. . 
 
DURE-TAYE 
 
 315 
 
 DYSCRASIA 
 
 ' DURE-TAYE, Dura mater. 
 
 BUREE BE LA VIE, see Longevity. 
 DURETE B'OREILLE, Baryecoia— cZ. de 
 I'Ouie, Deafness. 
 
 BURILLON, Callosity. 
 DURUS, Hard. 
 
 DUSTING BAG. In pharmacy, a kind of 
 sieve, which consists of a bag made of lawn or 
 other like material, hung inside of a wide-mouthed 
 bottle or tin canister, to the mouth of which it is 
 secured. The powdered substance is put into 
 the bag, and the mouth being closed with a cover, 
 the apparatus is shaken, and the finer particles 
 pass into the bottle or canister. 
 
 DUTCHMAN'S PIPE, Aristolochia hirsuta. 
 DUTROA, Datura stramonium. 
 DWALE, COMMON, Atropa belladonna. 
 DWARF, Nanus — d. Flag, Iris lacustris. 
 DWARFISH, see Nanus. 
 DWARFISHNESS, Nanosomus. 
 DYCTOIDES, Reticular. 
 DYERS' BROOM, Genista tinctoria— d. Weed, 
 Genista tinctoria, Reseda luteola. 
 DYNAMETER, Dynamometer. 
 DYNAM'IC, Bynam'ical, Bynam'icns, (F.) 
 Bynamique. Same etymon. In Mechanics, By- 
 nam'ics investigates the powers whereby bodies 
 are put in motion, and the laws connected there- 
 with. In Biology, that which relates to the vital 
 forces, to the organism in action. Vital Byna- 
 mics. The influences of agents on the organism, 
 which are ascribable to neither mechanical nor 
 chemical causes, are sometimes termed dynamic. 
 In this sense, it is a favorite term with the ho- 
 moeopathists, who maintain that, by certain pro- 
 cesses, called, in the aggregate, dynamiza'tion 
 and potenti'zing, the dynamic powers of a medi- 
 cine may be set free and developed — as by shaking 
 the bottle in which the article is contained, or by 
 mixing an unlimited number of un medicated 
 globules with one that is medicated, and shaking 
 them together. In this way, the former become 
 potentized ! . 
 Dynamic Diseases, see Organic. 
 DYNAMICS, VITAL, see Dynamic. 
 DYNAMICUS, Dynamic. 
 DYNAMIS, Faculty, Force. 
 DYNAMIZATION, see Dynamic. 
 DYNAMOM'ETER, Ifyodynamiom'eter, Myo- 
 dynanwm'eter, (F.) Byiunnometre, from ^vvajxig, 
 'force,' 'vital power,' and /jcrpov, 'measure.' An 
 instrument, contrived by M. Regnier, for mea- 
 suring the comparative muscular strength of man 
 and animals. It consists of a spring, which, 
 when pressed upon, causes a needle to move upon 
 a portion of a circle, furnished with a scale of 
 kilogrammes and one of myriagrammes. To 
 measure the strength of the hands, the two 
 branches of the spring are firmly grasped, and 
 brought as near together as the force can carry 
 them. This effort makes the needle traverse, and 
 indicates, on the scale of kilogrammes, the 
 strength of the experimenter's hands. A man, 
 25 or 30 years of age, exerts a force commonly 
 equal to 50 kilogrammes or 100 pounds. 
 
 The strength of the loins of a man, about 30 
 years of age, as indicated by this instrument, is 
 usually about 30 myriagrammes, or 265 pounds, 
 vehich shows the weight he is capable of raising. 
 From experiments made by Peron, in his voy- 
 age, on 12 individuals of Van Diemen's Land, 17 
 of New Holland, 56 of the Island of Timor. 17 
 Frenchmen belonging to the expedition, and 14 
 Englishmen in the colony of New South Wales, 
 he found their comparative strength, indicated 
 by the dynamometer, to be as follows : 
 
 
 STRENGTH 
 
 Natives of 
 
 of the 
 
 arm. 
 
 of the 
 
 loins. 
 
 
 Kiloy. 
 
 50.6 
 50.8 
 58.7 
 69.2 
 71.4 
 
 Ihs. 
 
 Myri. 
 
 lbs. 
 
 1. Van Diemen's 
 
 Land. 
 
 2. New Holland. 
 
 3. Timor. 
 
 4. France. 
 
 5. England. 
 
 101.2 
 101.6 
 117.4 
 138.4 
 142.4 
 
 10.2 
 11.6 
 15.2 
 15.2 
 
 208.08 
 238.64 
 310.08 
 332.52 
 
 Dynamometer or Dynam'eter, Medic"inal. 
 An instrument, invented by Dr. Paris, for the 
 purpose of showing the quantity of active matter 
 contained in a given weight or measure of any 
 ofBcinal compound, with the dose of any prepa- 
 ration, which will be equivalent in strength to a 
 given quantity of any other of the same class. 
 The instrument is more ingenious than usfifuL 
 DYNAMOPATHY, Homoeopathy. 
 DYOTA, Diota. 
 
 DYS, ivi, in composition, 'difiicult, faulty;' 
 sometimes privative; mostly answering to the 
 particles dis, in, mis, or tin, in English. Hence: 
 DYS^'MIA, from Svg, 'with difficulty,' and 
 'aina, 'blood.' A morbid condition of the blood. 
 DYSiESTHE'SIA, Bysasthe'sls, from ^j.j, 
 'with difBcultj',' and aic^aiio)xai, 'I feel.' Ob- 
 scure, diminished, or even abolished sensation. 
 
 DySvESthesia Auditoria, Cophosis — d. Gus- 
 tatoria, Ageustia — d. Interna, Amnesia — d. 01- 
 factoria, Anosmia. 
 
 DySjEsthe'sia Visua'lis, Faroji'sis. Sense 
 of sight vitiated or lost. 
 
 DYS^STHESIS, Dyssesthesia. 
 DYSANAGO'GOS, from iv;, 'with difficulty,' 
 and avayo), 'I bring up.' That which is expecto- 
 rated with difficulty. An epithet given, by the 
 Greek writers, to the sputa, when expectorated 
 with difficulty, on account of their viscidity. 
 
 DYSAl<('NARF,'aOFR¥VSlS,BysanarrJioph'ia; 
 from 6vs, 'with difficulty,' and avappu^riais, 'ab- 
 sorption.' Diminished absorption from morbid 
 causes. _ 
 
 DYS'APHE, Bysaph'ia, from Svs, and a(pri, 
 'feeling.' Morbid feeling. 
 
 DYSAPULO'TUS, Bysajm'lvs, Byscptdotos, 
 Bysepulo'ticns, Bysulo'tus, from 5uy, and ai:ov\ou>, 
 to heal.' Healing with difficulty. 
 DYSARTHRlflS, Gout, irregular. 
 DYSCATABROSIS, Dysphagia. 
 DYSCATAPOSIS, Dysphagia. 
 DYSCATAPO'TIA, from ivs, and Karainvii,, 'I 
 drink.' Difficulty of swallowing liquids. This 
 term is recommended by Dr. Mead as a substitute 
 for hydrophobia, which means dread of liquids. 
 The dread seems to be partly caused by the diffi- 
 culty of deglutition. 
 
 DYSCHE'ZIA, from 5uf, and %£?£iv, 'to go to 
 stool.' Difficult and painful defecation. 
 
 DYSCHRCE'A, from &vi. 'with difficulty,' and 
 XP"!^ or Xf° '"' 'colour.' BIscliro'a. Sickly and 
 unhealthy colour of the skin. Used synony- 
 mously with the mncnJce of Willan. 
 
 DYSCHROMATOPSIA, Achromatopsia. 
 BYSCHYiVOSEN, Chymoplania. 
 DYSCINE'SIA, (F.) Byscinesie, from iv;, 
 'with difficulty,' and kivcu), ' I move.' Difficulty 
 or utter incapability of moving.-^Galen. 
 DYSCOILIA, Constipation. 
 DYSCOPHO'SIS, from 6v;, 'with difficulty,' 
 and Kuipou, 'I am deaf.' A defect in the sense 
 of hearing. — Hippocrates. 
 
 DYSCO'RIA, Coremetamorpho'sis, from ^i>c, 
 and Kopr}, 'the pupil.' Irregularity cf shape of 
 the pupil. 
 
 DYSCRA'SIA, from 6vs, and Kpaan, 'temnera 
 
DYSCRASTACUM 
 
 316 
 
 DYSOPIA 
 
 ment.' Intempe'ries, Dhtemperan'tia, Dys'crasy. 
 A bad habit of body. See Dystbetica. 
 
 DrscRASiA PoTATo'RUjr. Dyscrasia of drinkers. 
 The aggregate of cachectic phenomena exhibited 
 by those who indulge in alcoholic liquors. 
 
 Dyscrasia Saturntna, Saturnismus — d. Scro- 
 fulosa. Scrofula — d. Tuberculosa, see Tubercle. 
 DYSCRASIACUM, Spanajmic. 
 DYSCRASY, Dyscrasia— d. BUious, Cholosis, 
 Icterus. 
 
 DYS'CRITOS, from Svs, 'with diflBculty,' and 
 Koiaa, 'judgment.' That which it is dif&cult to 
 judge of. — Hippocrates. 
 
 DYSDA'CRIA, Bysdacryo'sia, from <5uf, and 
 Saxpvov, ' a tear.' A morbid condition of the tears. 
 DYSDACRYOSIS, Dysdaeria. 
 DYSECCRIS'IA, from Sv;, and cKKpiaig, 'ex- 
 cretion.' Difiicult or defective excretion. 
 DYSECOIA, Baryecoia, Deafness. 
 DYSEL'CIA, Bysepulo'tuSj from Sv;, 'with 
 difRoulty,' and 'c:\kos, 'an ulcer.' An ulcer diffi- 
 cult to heal. — Hippocrates, Foesius. 
 DYSEMESIA, Vomiturition. 
 DYSEXTERIA, Dysentery — d. Biliosa, Colo- 
 cholosis — d. Haematera, Dysentery — d. Hepatica, 
 Hepatirrhcea — d. Maligna, Enterocace — d. Pu- 
 trida, Enterocace — d. Scorbutica, Enterocace — 
 d. Splenica. Melsena — ^^d. Typhodes, Enterocace. 
 
 DYSENTER'IC, Dysenter'icua, Dysen'terus, 
 (F.) Di/aenterique, Dytsenterique. Same etymon 
 as Dysentery. Relating to dysentery. 
 DYSENTERIE, Dysentery. 
 DYSENTERIUM, Dysentery. 
 DYSEXTERONERVIA, Colic— d. Saturnina, 
 Coliea metalliea. 
 
 DYS'ENTERY, Bysenler'ia, T). licemate'ra, 
 Dysenter'ium, from &vg, and tvrfpov, 'an intes- 
 tine.' Difficul'tas intestino'rum, Dissolu'tiis mor- 
 bus, Diari-hoe'a earnnsa, Coli'tis, Culoni'tis, 
 Oolo-recti'tts, Endocoli'tis, Esocoli'tis, Deflux'us 
 Dysenter'icus, Fehris Dysenter'ica, Flamen dys- 
 etitericuni, Flnxiis dysenter'icus seu cruen'- 
 tas cum Tenes'mo, Rheamatis' mus intestino'rum 
 cum ul'cere, Tor'miua, T. Celsi, Blennenter'ia, 
 3Iorhua dissohi'tus, Sedes cruen'tae. Lues dysen- 
 ter'ica, Bloody Flux; Flux, (F.) Bysenterie, 
 Byssenterie, Flux dysenferique, Flux de Sang. 
 Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the 
 large intestine; the chief symptoms of which 
 are :— fever, more or less inflammatory, with fre- 
 quent mucous or bloody evacuations ; violent 
 tormina and tenesmus. When the evacuations 
 do not contain blood, it has been called Bysen- 
 ter'ia alba or simple Bysentery, Jfyco-dysenter'ia. 
 The seat of the disease is, generally, in the colon 
 and rectum. It occurs, particularly, during the 
 summer and autumnal months, and in hot cli- 
 mates more than in cold : frequently, also, in 
 camps and prisons, in consequence of impure air, 
 and imperfect nourishment : and is often epidemic. 
 Sporadic cases of dysentery are, generally, easily 
 managed ; but when the disease occurs epidemi- 
 cally, it often exhibits great malignancy. Gene- 
 rally, it yields to mild laxatives, as castor oil, 
 combined with diaphoretic narcotics, such as the 
 pulvis i2}ecacuanh(B compositus, and counter- 
 irritants to the abdomen ; but, at times, the in- 
 flammation runs on so speedily to ulceration, 
 that, unless a new action be rapidly excited, 
 death will be the consequence. In such cases, 
 mercury must be rapidly introduced into the 
 system, and narcotics may be combined with it. 
 
 The whole management in acute dysentery 
 must, of course, be strictly antiphlogistic. 
 Dysextert, Bilious, C'olocholosis. 
 DYSEPULOTICUS, Dysapulotus. 
 DYSEPULOTOS, Dysapulotos, Dyselcia. 
 DYSGALACTIA, Dysgalia. 
 
 DYSGA'LIA, Bysgalac'tia, iiom. 5vs, and ya'Xa, 
 ■yaXoKToi, ' milk.' An unhealthy condition or 
 depravation of the milk. 
 
 DYSGEISTNE'SIA, from Svs, and yevvvm, 'ge- 
 neration.' Lesion of the generative organs or 
 functions. 
 
 DYSGEU'SIA, Blsgeus'tia, from Svs, and 
 y^vaii, ' taste.' A morbid condition of the sejase 
 of taste. 
 
 DYSH^MORRHCE'A, from Sv?, 'aifia, 'blood,' 
 and ptu), ' to flow.' Difficulty in the flow of blood, 
 — according to some, of the hemorrhoidal flux. 
 Also, symptoms occasioned by its diminution or 
 suppression. — Sagar. 
 
 DYSH^'MIA, from hv?, and 'aijxa, 'blood.' 
 A morbid condition of the blood. 
 
 DYSHAPH'IA, Bysaph'ia, from Sv;, and 'a<pr), 
 'touch.' A morbid condition of the sense of 
 touch. 
 
 DYSHI'DRTA, Bysi'dria, from Svg, and 'iSpw;, 
 ' sweat' A morbid state of the perspiration. 
 
 DYSI' ATOS, Svaiaros, from ivs, 'with diffi- 
 cult}',' and taojiai, 'to heal;' Cura'tu diffic"ilis. 
 Difficult of cure. — Hippocrates. 
 
 DYSLALIA, Balbuties, Bradylogia. 
 
 DYSLOCHI'A, Cul'ica lochia'lis, Hysteral'gia 
 lochia'lis, from in;, and 'Xoy^io; ; 'relating to par- 
 turition.' Diminution or supjpression of the lo- 
 chial discharge. 
 
 DYSMASE'SIS, Bysmasse'sis, Bradymasse'sis, 
 from hvg, 'with difficulty,' and iiaa-t](ri;, 'mastica- 
 tion.' Difficult or impeded mastication. 
 
 DYSMENIA, Dysmenorrhcea. 
 
 B YSilENORRHFE, Dysmenorrhcea. 
 
 DYSMENORRHCE'A, Bysme'nia, Parame'nia 
 diffic"ilis, 3feiiorrhag"ia stillatit"ia, Men'strua 
 diffieil'ia s<^u Boloro'sa, Amenorrhce'a diffic"ilig 
 seu jiartia'lis, Menses dolorif'ici, Ilenorrha'gia 
 diffic"ilis, Menetrua'tio diffic"ilis seu dolorif'ica, 
 Labo'rious or Biscuit Jfenstrua'tion, (F.) Bysme- 
 norrhee. Menstruation dljficlle, Regies difficiles, 
 Strangurie menstruelle. Catamenia passed with 
 great local pain, especially in the loins: — with 
 sometimes a membranous discharge. Dysme- 
 norrhcea is very difficult of removal, and prevents 
 conception. In the married female, if she should 
 be able to pass one period without pain, and sub- 
 sequently become pregnant, the morbid action 
 may be broken in upon by gestation, and a per- 
 fect cure be obtained. Change of air, soon after 
 marriage, will sometimes give occasion to this 
 desirable result. The affection generally depends 
 upon erethism of the interior of the uterus, 
 called into action at each catamenial period. The 
 violence of the pain requires the liberal use of 
 narcotics. 
 
 DYSMNE'SIA, fi-om 5uj, 'badly/ and livricrt;, 
 'memory.' Defective memory. 
 
 DYSMORPHE, Deformation. 
 
 DYSMORPHIA, Deformation. 
 
 DYSMORPHOSIS, Deformation. 
 
 B YSNEPHROKER VIE, Nephralgia. 
 
 DYSODES, Fetid. 
 
 DYSO'DIA, Bysod'mia, Bysos'mia, Fcetor, 
 'fffitor,' from Sv;, 'badly,' and o^to, 'I smell.' 
 (F.) Puanteur. Sauvages has given this generic 
 name to all diseases, characterized by fetid ema- 
 nations, from whatever part proceeding; — from 
 the mouth, nasal fossaj, bronchia, stomach, axil- 
 Ise, groins, Ac. Also, a stench or stink, Psoa. 
 
 DYSODMIA, Dvsodia. 
 
 DYSODONTI'ASIS,i>e«?iV'io diffic"ilis, from 
 Svg, ' with difficulty,' and o&ovTiacis, ' dentition.' 
 Difficult dentition. 
 
 DYSONEI'ROS, from Svg, 'with difficulty,' and 
 ovcipof, 'a dream.' Insomnia, with restlessness. 
 
 DYSO'PIA, properly Bysop'sia, Bysora'sis, 
 signifying 'shame/ from hvs, 'with difficulty/ 
 
DYSOPSIA 
 
 1 
 
 DYSTHANATOS 
 
 and onn^ai, ' I see.' Difficulty of seeing : obscu- 
 rity of vision. 
 
 Dysopia DissiTORUir, Myopia. 
 
 Dysopia LatePvA'lis, Parop'sts latera'lis, 
 Skue-sight, SJceio-sight, Sight askew. Vision onlj' 
 accurate when the object is placed obliquely. 
 This state is generally caused by some opacity of 
 the cornea. 
 
 Dysopia Lujiois, Nyctalopia — d. Proximo- 
 rum, Presbytia — d. Tenebrarum, Hemeralopia. 
 
 DYSOPSIA. Dysopia. 
 
 DYSORASIS, Dysopia. 
 
 DYSOREX'IA, Inapiyeten'tia, Appeti'tus de- 
 fic"ieiw, from ivs, 'with difficulty,' and ope^is, 
 'appetite.' Diminution of appetite. 
 
 DYOS'MIA, from Svg, 'with difficulty,' and 
 oa/it], 'smell.' Diminution of smell. 
 
 DYSOSPHRE'SIA, Dysoaphre'ais, Dysosphra'- 
 sia, Dysphre'sis, from 6v;, and oa<p{)riai;, ' the sense 
 of smell.' A morbid state of the sense of smell. 
 
 DYSOSTO'SIS, from ivs, and oarcov, 'a bone.' 
 A faulty conformation or morbid condition of 
 bone. 
 
 DYSPATHIA, see Serious. 
 
 DYSPEPSIA, from ^us, 'with difficulty,' and 
 rEirro), 'I concoct.' Limo'sts Dyspep'sia, Ano- 
 rex'ia, Apep'sia, Bradypep'sia, Gastroalax'ia, 
 Diges'tio deprava'ta seu diffic"iUs seu lassa, Gaa- 
 tro-ato'nia, Concoc'tio tarda, Stom'achi resolu'tio, 
 Crn'ditas, Passio stomach'ica, Dyspep'sy, Indi- 
 ges'tion, Difficulty of DigeHion. A state of the 
 stomach, in which its functions are disturbed, 
 without the presence of other diseases, or when, 
 if other diseases be present, they are of but minor 
 importance. The symptoms of dyspepsia are 
 very various. Those affecting the stomach itself 
 are : — loss of appetite ; nausea ; pain in the epi- 
 ga.strium or hypochondrium ; heart-burn ; sense 
 of fulness, or weight in the stomach ; acrid or 
 fetid eructations; pyrosis, and sense of fluttering 
 or sinking at the pit of the stomach. The sympa- 
 thetic affections are of the most diversified cha- 
 racter. Dyspepsia, being generally of a functional 
 nature, is devoid of danger. When arising from 
 disease of the stomach itself, it is, of course, more 
 serious. 
 
 It is usually dependent on irregularity of living; 
 either in the quantity or quality of the food taken : 
 and the most successful treatment is, to put the 
 patient on a diet easy of digestion ; to combat the 
 causes, where such are apparent; and, by proper 
 remedies and regimen, to strengthen the system 
 in every practicable manner. A great error exists 
 in regarding it as always a disease of debility. 
 It is often connected with an inflammatory or 
 subinflammatory condition of the mucous lining 
 of the stomach, and of course a very different 
 plan of treatment is required in the two cases. 
 Dyspepsia is often attended with too great a se- 
 cretion of the gastric acids ; but, on other occa- 
 sions, they would appear to be too small in quan- 
 tity, so as to constitute alkaline indigestion or 
 neutral indigestion. 
 
 Dyspepsia Chlorosis, Chlorosis — d. Hypo- 
 chondriasis, Hypochondriasis — d. Pyrosis, Py- 
 
 - DYSPEPSIODYNIA, Cardialgia. 
 
 DYSPEPSODYNIA, Cardialgia. 
 
 DYSPEPSY, Dyspepsia. 
 
 DYSPEP'TIC, byspep'tictts, I)yapep'tns,Apep'- 
 ti<:, Apep'tieua ; same etymon. Having relation 
 to dyspepsia, as 'dyspeptic bread.' One who 
 suffers from dyspepsia. 
 
 DYSPEPTICUS, Dyspeptic. 
 
 DYSPEPTODYNIA, Cardialgia. 
 
 DYSPEPTUS, Dyspeptic. 
 
 DYSPEB-MA'SIA, Byspermatis'mm, from 5uj, 
 'with difficulty,' and c-ripua, 'sperm.' Difficulty 
 — sometimes incapacity — of voiding the sperm. 
 
 DYSPERMATISMUS, Bradyspermatismus. 
 
 DYSPHA'GIA, Dyscatnhro'sis, Dyscatap'osis, 
 Deglutit"io dlffic"ilis, D. Ice'sa, D. impedi'ta, 
 from Svi, 'with difficulty,' and (payio, 'I eat.' 
 Difficulty of deglutition. Dysphagia is almost 
 always symptomatic, either of inflammation or 
 of other disease of the organs of deglutition, or 
 of incomplete obstruction of the oesophagus, by 
 some obstacle within it, or by a neighbouring 
 tumour. At times, it is produced by spasms or 
 paralysis of the oesophagus. The prognosis and 
 treatment vary according to the cause. 
 
 Dysphagia Atonica, Pharyngoplegia. 
 
 Dyspha'giA Constric'ta, D. Pharynge'a seu 
 OSsop>liage'a seu Callo'sa, Strictu'ra Pharyn'gis 
 seu CEsoph'agi vera seu Callo'sa, Stenocho'ria 
 (Esoph'agiyCEsopltagiare'tia, Lmmosteno' sis. Stric- 
 ture of the pharynx and oesophagus is an affec- 
 tion which may be the result of pharj'ngitis or 
 oesophagitis ; but more frequently of malignant 
 disease in the parietes of the tube. The only 
 remedy is the bougie. 
 
 Dysphagia Inklammatoria, (Esophagitis — 
 d. Pharyngea, D. Constrieta — d. ffisophagea, D. 
 Constricta — d. Spasmodica, ffisophagismus — d. 
 Callosa, D. Constricta — d. Paralj'tica, Qilsopha- 
 goplegia, Pharyngoplegia — d. Nervosa, Qilsopha- 
 gismus — d. Torpida, Pharyngoplegia — d. Globosa, 
 Angone — d. Hysterica, Angone — d. Inflammato- 
 ria, Cynanehe tonsillaris — d. Linguosa, Para- 
 glossa — d. Ranula, Ranula — d. Uvulosa, Staphy- 
 loedema — d. Scirrhosa, Lsemoscirrhus — d. Spas- 
 tica, (Esophagismus. 
 
 DYSPHO'NIA, Dys'pjliony, from ^uj, and (fnovri, 
 'the voice.' Difficulty of producing and articu- 
 lating sounds: voice imperfect or depraved. 
 Aplio'nia (of some). 
 
 Dysphonia Ijimodulata Nasalis, Rhinopho- 
 nia — d. Immodulata palatina, Asaphia. 
 
 DYSPHOR'IA, Inquietu'do, Asta'sin. Dissatis- 
 faction ; restlessness ; suffering ; indisposition ; 
 from ivi, and 0£pu), ' I bear.' 
 
 Dysphoria Anxietas, Anxiety — d. Nervosa, 
 Eidgets — d. Simplex, Fidgets. 
 
 DYSPHOTIA, Myopia. 
 
 DYSPHRESIS, Dysosphresia. 
 
 DYSPIO'NIA, from o'us, and riui', 'f\it.' A 
 morbid condition of the adipous substance. 
 
 DYSPLASMATIC, Cacoplastic. 
 
 DYSPLASTICUxM. Spanajmic. 
 
 I) YSPNEE, Dyspnoea — d. Cardlaque, Asthma, 
 cardiac. 
 
 DYSPNCE'A, from 5uf, and ^vtw, 'I breathe.' 
 Pseudo-asthma, Amjjhipneii'ma, Resp)ira'tio dif- 
 fic"ilis seu brevis et rara, Brachypnoe'a, Reteiitio 
 ae'rea, Anhela'tion, Short breath. Difficulty of 
 breathing, (P.) Dyspnee, Conrte Hcdeine. Dysp- 
 noea may be idiopathic or symptomatic. The 
 latter accompanies almost all thoracic diseases. 
 Urgent dyspnoea has been called amjjhipneu'ma, 
 niKjinrvcvixa. — Hippocrates. 
 
 Dyspncea Convulsiva, Asthma — d. Hydro- 
 thoracica, Hydrothorax — d. Physothoracica, 
 Pneumothorax — d. Pinguedinosa, Pursiness — d. 
 Pneumatica, Pneumothorax — d. Pyothoracica, 
 Empyema. 
 
 D YSSENTERIE, Dysentery. 
 
 DYSSENTERIQUE, Dysenteric. 
 
 DYSSIA'LIA, from Ivg, and criaXof, 'saliva.' 
 A morbid condition of the saliva. 
 
 DYSSYN'ODUS, Dyssynu'sia, from iv^, and 
 tyvvoio^, 'coition.' Co'itus diffic"ilis. Difficulty 
 in coition. 
 
 DYSSYNUSIA, Dyssynodus. 
 
 DYSTHAN'ATOS, from ivs, and ^avaroi, 
 'death.' That which causes a slow and painful 
 death. One who experiences this kind of death. 
 — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
DYSTHELASIA 
 
 318 
 
 EAU D'AR MA G ^A 
 
 DTSTHELA'SIA, from (iv?, and 5i7Xa?u, 'I give 
 suck.' Inaptitude for sucklinc^. 
 
 DYSTHERAPEU'TOS, Difficiliter eura'biUs; 
 from 6vs, and ^tpairua, ' medical treatment.' That 
 ■which is difficult of cure. 
 
 DYSTHE'SIA, from ^uf, 'badly,' and Ti^rjfii, '1 
 am situate.' Di/s'thesis, Cachex'ia. Morbid habit. 
 Bad humour. Impatience in disease. — Erotian. 
 
 DYSTHET'ICA, Caehex'ia, DijscraBicR, Cach- 
 ex'ics ; same etymon. A morbid condition of the 
 blood or blood-vessels; alone or connected with a 
 morbid state of other fluids, producing a diseased 
 habit. The fourth order in the class HcBmatica 
 of Good, including Plethora, Hmmorrhagia, &c. 
 
 DYSTHYM'IA, from 6vs, and Su^os, 'mind.' 
 Depression, Desjiondency. A bad sign in acute 
 diseases. Also, Melancholy. 
 
 DYSTOCIA, Mogostoc'ia, Bradytoc'ia, Eeteii'- 
 tinfcetus, from Svs, and toko;, 'accouchement.' 
 (F.) Dystocie. A laborious accouchement, Labo'- 
 rioua or morbid or difficult labour, Parodyn'ia, 
 Partus diffic"ilis. See Laborious. 
 
 Dystocia Abortita, Abortion — d. Dyscyesis, 
 Pregnancy, morbid — d. Dyscyesis extra- uterina, 
 see Pregnancy, preternatural. 
 
 DYSTCECHrASIS, Hispid'itas, from hv;, 'bad,' 
 and oTo(;^;of, 'order.' Irregular position of the 
 eye-lashes. — Forestus. 
 
 DYSTON'IA, from 5iif, and roi/05, ' tone.' Mor- 
 bid condition of the tone of a tissue or organ. 
 
 DYSTROPHIA, from bvq, 'with difficulty,' 
 and Tpo(pri, ' nourishment.' Imperfect or defective 
 nutrition. 
 
 DYSULOTUS, Dysapulotus. 
 
 DYSURE'SIA, Dysure'sis ; from Svs, and ovpr;- 
 irtg, 'passing the urine.' Defective secretion and 
 evacuation of the urine. 
 
 DYSU'RIA, Dys'ury, Uri'nce diffie"ilis exere'- 
 tio, from Svg, ' with difJBculty,' and ovpov, ' urine.' 
 Stran'gury, {of some.) (F.) Dysurie. Difficulty 
 of passing the urine. In this affection the urine 
 is voided with pain, and a sensation of heat in 
 some part of the urethra. Dysuria is the first 
 degree of retention of urine. It differs from 
 strangury, in which the urine can only be passed 
 in drops and with great straining. 
 
 Dysuria CALCtrLOSA, Calculi, vesical — d. 
 Irritata, Calculi vesical — d. Mucosa, Cystir- 
 rhoea. 
 
 DYSURT, Dysuria. 
 
 E. 
 
 EAGLE-STONE, ^tites. 
 
 EAR, Auris, Ous, ouj, Ac'oe, Saxon, eape, 
 (Prov.) Lug. (F.) Oreille. The organ of au- 
 dition. It is composed of a series of more or less 
 irregular cavities, in which the sonorous rays are 
 successively received and reflected, untU they 
 agitate the nerves which are destined to convey 
 the impression to the brain. The ear is con- 
 tained partly in the substance of the temporal 
 bone; and a part projects externally, behind the 
 joint of the lower jaw. It may be divided into 
 three portions; — the outer or external ear, formed 
 by the auricle and meatus auditorius; the middle 
 ear, comprising the cavity of the tympanum and 
 its dependencies; and the internal ear, compre- 
 hending the three semicircular canals, the cochlea 
 and the vestibule; which, together, constitute the 
 osseous labyrinth. Within the cavity of this la- 
 byrinth are contained membranes having nearly 
 the shape of the vestibule and semicircular canals, 
 but not extending into the cochlea. These mem- 
 branes form the membranous labyrinth. Between 
 the osseous and the membranous labj-rinth is 
 situate the liquor of Cotunnius, and within the 
 membranous labyrinth is a fluid, termed, by De 
 Blainville, vitrine auditive, from its supposed 
 analogy to the vitreous humour of the eye. The 
 form of the membranous vestibule is not an exact 
 imitation of the osseous cavity, being composed 
 of two distinct sacs, which open into each other, 
 — the one termed the Sac'culus vestib'uli; the 
 other Sac'cidus Each sac contains in its interior 
 a small mass of white calcareous matter resem- 
 bling powdered chalk, which seems to be sus- 
 pended in the fluid of the sacs by means of a 
 number of nervous filaments proceeding from the 
 auditory nerve. These are the otoconies and 
 otolithes of Breschet. 
 
 The auditory nerve is distributed to the cavi- 
 ties of the internal ear. 
 
 EAR-DOCTOR. Aurist — e. Flap, Proptoma 
 auricularum — e. Keeker, Tonsil. 
 
 EARNING, Rennet. 
 
 EAR-PICK, Otog'lyphis, Otog'lyphum, Coch'- 
 
 lear auricula're, Auriscal'pium, (F.) Cure-oreille, 
 A species of small scoop, used for extracting 
 hardened cerumen from the meatus auditorius 
 externus ; or to remove foreign bodies from the 
 ear. If carelessly used, it is apt to excite inflam- 
 mation of the tube. 
 
 EAR-SURGEON, Aurist— e. Surgery, Otiatria. 
 
 EAR-TRUMPET, 7'»6«« acus'ticus,Acu8'ticum 
 Cornu, (F.) Cornet acoustique. An instrument for 
 collecting sound and increasing its intensity, used 
 by those who are hard of hearing. It is, com- 
 monly, a kind of cone, formed of silver, tin, or 
 elastic gum, the base of which is turned towards 
 the person who is speaking, and the apex placed 
 in the entrance of the meatus auditorius externus. 
 
 EARWAX, Cerumen. 
 
 EARWIG, Forficula auricularia. 
 
 EARTH CLUB, Orobanche Americana. 
 
 Earth, Fuller's, Cimolia purpurescens. 
 
 Earth Gall, Veratrum viride. 
 
 Earth, Heavy, Baryta — e. Japan, Catechu-^— 
 e. Lemnian, Terra Lemnia. 
 
 Earth Nut, Pignut, Bunium bulboeastanum. 
 
 Earth, Ponderous, Baryta — e. Samian, Sami 
 terra — e. Sealed.Terra sigillata — e.Talc,Magnesia. 
 
 EASTNINGWOBT, Scabious. 
 
 EATABLE, Esculent. 
 
 EATIN-BERRIES, see Juniperus communis. 
 
 ^AC, Water — e. d'Aix-la-Chapelle, see Aix- 
 la-Chapelle. 
 
 EA U D'ALIBOUR. This compound is made 
 of sulphate of zinc, and sulpthate of copper, each 
 5J ; camphor, ten grains ; saffron, four grains ; 
 water, four fluidounces. Employed in chronic 
 inflammation of the eyelids, and as a vulnerary. 
 
 EAU BE L'A3INI0S, Liquor amnii — e. 
 d'Amandes ameres, Aqua amygdalarum concen- 
 trata. 
 
 EAU AXTIPUTRIDE DE BEAUFORT. 
 Mineral lemonade prepared with sulphuric acid, 
 
 EAU D'AEJIAGXAC, Tinctura cinnamomi 
 composita — e. de Balaruc, Balaruc waters — e. de 
 Bareges, Bareges water — e. de Binelli, Aqua 
 BineUii — e. Blanche, Liquor plumbi subacetatis 
 
EAU DE COLOGNE 
 
 319 
 
 ECCOPE 
 
 dilutus — e. de Bonferme, Tinctura cinnamomi 
 composita — e. de Bonnes, Bonnes, mineral waters 
 of — e. do Boide, see Ferrum tartarizatum — e. de 
 Bourbonne-les-Buins, Bourbonne-les-Bains, mi- 
 neral waters of — e. de Brocchieri, Aqua Brocchi- 
 erii — e. des Carmes, see Melissa — e. de Chaux, 
 Liquor calois — e. de Chaux composie, Liquor cal- 
 cis compositus. 
 
 EAU DE COLOGNE, Cologne water. A cele- 
 brated perfume, so called from the place where it 
 is made. The following is one formula: Oil of 
 hergamot, ^iij ; Oil of lemon, ^ij ; Oil of Laven- 
 der, ^iiiss ; Oil ofneroli, ^iiss ; Oil of origanum, 
 3'j ; Oil of rosemary, ^j ; Essence of vanilla, gij ; 
 Musk, ten grains ; Bectified spirit, Oxiij ; Bose- 
 icater, Oij ; Orange-flower water, Oj. Macerate 
 for fourteen days, and filter. 
 
 EAU BE CUIVRE AMMONIACALE, Li- 
 quor cupri ammoniati — e. Distillee, Water, dis- 
 tilled — e. de Fontaine, Water, spring — e. des 
 Fontaines de la Mar^guerie, Rouen, mineral wa- 
 ters of — e. contre la Gangrene, Liquor hydrargyri 
 nitrici — e. de Goudron, see Pinus sylvestris — e. de 
 Goulard, Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus. 
 
 EA U HEM AST A TIQ UE DE TISSERANT), 
 Eau de Tisserand. A hemastatie water, reputed 
 to possess the same properties as the Aqua Broc- 
 chierii. It may be prepared by digesting dragon's 
 blood, and turpentine of the Vosges in icater. 
 
 EAU D'HUSSON, Vinum colchici— e. des 
 Eijdropiques, Serum of serous membranes — e. 
 Hydrosulfuree simple. Hydros ulphuretted water. 
 
 EAU DE JAVELLE, Bleaching liquid, Aqua 
 ulkali'na oxymuriat'ica, Labarraque's Solution, 
 (Common salt, ftij ; black oxide of manganese, 
 Ibj ; water, Ibij. Put into a retort, and add, gra- 
 dually, oil of vitriol, Ibij. Pass the vapour through 
 a solution of subcarbonate of potassa i^'ii^ in water 
 ^^xxix, applying heat towards the last. S. g. 
 1.087.) It is stimulant, detergent, and antiseptic, 
 — applied externally. 
 
 EAU DE LAC, AYater, lake. 
 
 EA U DE LECHELLE. A hsemostatic water, 
 prepared by macerating, in water, various aroma- 
 tic and astringent herbs, flowers and roots, with 
 tar, and distilling the same. It has been given 
 internally, in hemorrhage, and used, also, as an 
 external styptic. 
 
 EAU DE LUCE, Spiritus ammoniae succina- 
 tus — e. Magnesienne, Magnesia, fluid — e. de 
 Marais, Water, marsh — e. Medicinale d'Husson, 
 see Colchicum autumnale, Vinum colchici, and 
 Veratrine, sulphate of — e. Medicinale naturelle. 
 Water, mineral — e. de Jler, Water, sea — e. Mer- 
 curielle. Liquor hydrargyri nitrici — e. Minerale, 
 Water, mineral — e. de Monterossi, Aqua Binellii 
 
 — e. de Naples, Naples water, factitious — e. de 
 Neige, Water, snow — e. de Pagliari, Haemostatic, 
 Pagliari's — e. de Pluie, Water, rain — e. de Potasse, 
 Liquor potassae — e. de Pint, Water, well — e. de 
 Babel, Elixir acidum Halleri — e. Begale, Nitro- 
 muriatic acid — e. Salee, Water, sea — e. de Source, 
 Water, well — e. Styptique de Brocchieri, Aqua 
 Brocchierii — e. jS'uo-ee, Hydro-saccharum — e. de 
 
 Tisserand, Eau hemastatique de Tisserand — e. 
 
 Vegeto-minSrale, Liquor Plumbi subacetatis dilu- 
 tus — e. de Vichy, Vichy water — e. de Vie, Brandy 
 — e. de Vie Allemande, Tinctura jalapii composita 
 — e. de Vie Camphree, Spiritus camphors. 
 
 EAUX, LES, Liquor amnii — e. Chaudes, 
 Aigues-caudes — e. Hepatiques, Waters, mineral, 
 sulfureous — e. Minerales artificielles. Waters, 
 mineral, artificial — e. Minerales factices, Waters, 
 mineral, artificial — e. Minerales ferrugineuses. 
 Waters, mineral, gaseous, &c. — e. Minerales 
 yaseuses ou acidules. Waters, mineral, gaseous, &c. 
 
 — e. Minerales salines, Waters, mineral, saline — 
 
 e. Minh-ales sulfureuses, Waters, mineral, sulfu- 
 reous — e. Su/furees, Waters, mineral, sulfureous. 
 
 EBEAUPIN, MINERAL WATERS OP. An 
 acidulous chalybeate, in the department of Loir-e 
 Inferieure, near Nantes. 
 
 EBL0UISSE3IENT, Dazzling. 
 
 EBRIECA'SUM, from ebrius, ' drunk.' A term 
 employed by Paracelsus to denote a disturbance of 
 the reason, similar to what occurs in drunkenness. 
 
 EBRIETAS, Temulentia. 
 
 EBRIOSITAS, Temulentia. 
 
 EBULLITIO, Ebullition, Strophulus — e. Sto- 
 machi, Ardor ventriculi. Pyrosis. 
 
 EBULLIT"ION, Ebullifio, jEstuat"io,Anaz'- 
 esis, Causis, from ebrdlire, (e and bullire), 'to 
 bubble up.' Boiling ; (F.) Bouillonnement. The 
 motion of a liquid, by which it gives off bubbles 
 of vapour, by heat or fermentation. The boiling 
 point of liquids varies according to the pressure 
 to which they are subjected. For the point of 
 ebullition of different substances, see Heat. 
 
 Ebullition is used in France, in a vague man- 
 ner, for every kind of transient eruption of the 
 skin, occurring without fever or with a slight 
 febrile attack. 
 
 EBULUS, Sambucus ebulus. 
 
 EBUR, Ivory, see Tooth. 
 
 EBURNEATIO, Eburnification. 
 
 EBURNIFICA'TION, Ebumifica'tio, Ehur- 
 nea'tio, Eburna'tion, from ebur, ' ivory,' and Jio, 
 ' to be made.' An incrustation of the cartilages 
 of articular surfaces of bones with phosphate of 
 lime, which gives them the whiteness and hard- 
 ness of ivory ; — Cartilages eburnes. 
 
 EC, (before a vowel, Ex,) £«, tf, 'out of, from, 
 of.' Hence, Ecchymoma, Eclectic, &c. 
 
 ECAILLE, Scale. 
 
 ECAILLES D'HUITRES, Ostreee testae. 
 
 ECAILLEUX, Squamous. 
 
 ECBALIA ELATERIUM, Momordica elate- 
 rium. 
 
 ECBALIUM AGRESTE, Momordica elate- 
 rium — e. Officinarum, Momordica elaterium. 
 
 ECBESOMENON, Eventus. 
 
 ECBLOMA, see Abortion. 
 
 ECBOLE, Abortion. 
 
 ECBOLIC, Abortive. 
 
 ECBOLICUS, Abortive. 
 
 ECBOLIUM ELATERIUM, Momordica ela- 
 terium. 
 
 ECBOLIUS, Abortive. 
 
 ECBRAS'MATA, from cK^pa^oi, 'I boil up.' 
 Ecchym'ata. Hippocrates uses the word for cer- 
 tain burning eruptions. 
 
 ECCATHARTICUS, Cathartic. 
 
 ECCEPHALO'SIS, Excerebra'tio, Cephalo- 
 tom'ia, from sk, and Kc<l>a\rj, 'head.' The removal 
 of the brain of the child to facilitate delivery. 
 
 ECCHELYSIS, Expectoration. 
 
 ECCHORESIS, Defecation. 
 
 ECCHYLOMA, Succus expressus. 
 
 ECCHYMATA, Ecbrasmata. 
 
 ECCHYMO'MA, Ecchymo'sis, Pelidno'ma, Pe- 
 lio'ma, Hypa'ma, Hypoa'ma, HypocB'mia, from 
 €K, and X"/"'^' 'juice,' ' humour;' Effn'sio, Exsuc- 
 ca'tio, Suffu'sio san'guinis. A livid, black, or 
 yellow spot, Livor sanguin'eus, produced by blood 
 effused into the areolar tissue from a contusion. 
 Spontaneous effusions, occurring as the result of 
 disease or after death, are called suggillations. 
 
 Ecchymoma Arteriosum, see Aneurism — e. 
 Capitis recens natorum, Cephalasmatoma — e. 
 Hyponychon, Hyponychon — e. Lymphaticum, 
 Phlegmatia dolens — e. Melasma, Melasma. 
 
 ECCHYMOSIS, Ecchymoma. 
 
 ECCHYSIS, EflFusion. 
 
 ECCLISIS, Luxation. 
 
 ECCOPE, Ec'tome, Ectom'ia, from sk, and 
 
ECCOPEUS 
 
 820 
 
 ECLAMPSIA 
 
 KtrtfTuv, 'to cut' The act of cutting out: also, 
 a perpendicular division of the cranium by a 
 cutting instrument. See Entaille. 
 
 ECCOP'EUS. Same etymon. A knife or in- 
 strument for cutting. An ancient instrument — 
 the raspatory — used in trepanning. 
 
 ECCOPROSI^STHE'SIS,from zK,KOKpoi, 'ex- 
 crement,' and atadrjats, 'sensation.' The sensa- 
 tion or desire to evacuate the bowels. 
 
 ECCOPROSIS, Defecation. 
 
 EGGOPROT'lC, Ecco2)rot'iciis,Eefoprot'ic, from 
 £?, and Konpoi, ' excrement.' Mild purgatives or 
 laxatives, whose operation is confined to simply 
 clearing out the intestinal canal. 
 
 ECCORTHAT'ICUS, from £<c, and Kopdaw, ' I 
 collect.' An ancient epithet for remedies to 
 which was attributed the property of evacuating 
 collections of humours. 
 
 ECCRINOL'OGY, Eccrinolog" ia, Eccrisio- 
 log"{a, from exKpivio, (ex, and (cpii'w,) ' I separate,' 
 and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' A treatise on the secre- 
 tions. 
 
 ECCRTSTOLOGIA, Eccrinology. 
 
 ECCRISION'OSI, Eccrisionu'siy from tKicpiai;, 
 '^excretion,' and voaos, 'disease.' Diseases of 
 excretion. 
 
 ECCRISIOS'CHESrS, from eKKpia;, 'excre- 
 tion,' and crj(;£(rij, 'retention.' Arrest or retention 
 of excretions ; or of a critical evacuation. 
 
 ECCRISIS, Excretion. 
 
 ECCRIT'ICA. Diseases of the excernent 
 functions. The 6th class in Good's Nosology. 
 Also, medicines that act on the excernent system. 
 Eliminnn'tin, Eh'm'inatives. 
 
 EGCYESIS, Pregnancy, extra-uterine — e. Ab- 
 dominalis. Pregnancy, abdominal — e. Ovaria, 
 Pregnancy, ovarial — e. Tubalis, Pregnancy, tubal. 
 
 ECCYLIO'SIS, from m, and Kv\ictv, ' to turn 
 round.' Morbus evolutio'nis. A disease of evo- 
 lution or development. 
 
 ECDEMIOMA'NIA, Ecdemion'osm, from tK&rj- 
 li£u>, 'I travel about,' and fiavia, 'mania.' A mor- 
 bid desire to be travelling about. 
 
 ECDEMIONOSUS, Ecdemiomania. 
 
 EC'DORA, from ik, and iepiii, ' I flay.' Anad'- 
 ora, Excovia'tio. Excoriation in general, but 
 more especially of the urethra. 
 
 EC'DYSIS, from E/c^wu, (ek, and ^liu,) 'I put off.' 
 Moulting of the skin of animals. Desquamation. 
 
 EGHALOTTE, Eschalntte, Al'lium Asealon'- 
 ieum, Cepa Ascalon'ica. The schallot'. A species 
 of allium, employed in culinary preparations. 
 
 ECHANORURE (F.) Emargina'tio, Emargi- 
 natu'ra, Tncisu'ra. A French word employed by 
 anatomists to designate depressions and notches 
 of various shapes, observed on the surface or 
 edges of bones. 
 
 ECHANORURE ETHlfOTDALE is on the 
 nasal bone, which unites with the ethmoid. See 
 Ethmoid. 
 
 ECHANORURE N AS ALE, Nasal Notch, be- 
 longs to the OS frontis, and is articulated with the 
 bones of the nose. 
 
 ECHANORURE PAROTIDTENNE is a 
 triangular space, comprised between the paroti- 
 dean edge of the inferior maxillary bone and the 
 mastoid process, so called because it lodges the 
 parotid gland. 
 
 ECHANORURE SCAPULAIRE,'Notch, sca- 
 pular — e. Sciatique grande, sec Sciatic Notch — i. 
 Sciatique petite, see Sciatic Notch. 
 
 JEGHARDE, Splinter. 
 
 EOHARPE, Sling. 
 
 ECHARPE GRANDE et E. MO YEN, see 
 Sling — e. de J. L. Petit, see Sling — e. Petite, see 
 Sling. 
 
 EOHAUBOULURES (F.) EchanbouiUure. 
 
 Sudam'ina, Hidro'a. A word whose meaning is 
 not fixed. It is applied to any eruption on the 
 surface of the body, accompanied with pricking 
 and other uneasy sensations. 
 
 ECHAUFFANTS, Calefacients. 
 
 ECHA UFFEMENS, Chafing. 
 
 EOHAUFFEMENT (F.), Calefac'tio, Excale- 
 I fac'tio, from (F.) echaxiffer, [calefacerc,) 'to make 
 warm.' Augmentation of heat in the animal 
 economy; the symptoms of which are a more 
 than ordinary sensation of heat, disposition to 
 perspiration, great thirst, general indisposition, 
 flushed countenance, Ac. It goes off by the use 
 of antiphlogistics and abstinence. In the vulgar 
 language it is often used synonymously with con- 
 stipation, and sometimes for simple gonorrhoea, 
 and for chafing. 
 
 ECHECOL'LON, from e,-y;a), 'I have,' and xoAAa, 
 'glue.' Echecollum. Any topical glutinous re- 
 medy. — Gorraeus, Galen. 
 
 ECHELLES BU LIMAgON, Scalse of the 
 cochlea.. 
 
 ECHENEIS, Remora Ilildani. 
 
 ECHETROSIS, Bryonia alba. 
 
 ECHID'NA OCELLA'TA, Broion ten-inch- 
 long viper. A most formidable viper in the 
 forests of Peru, the bite of which is so rapidly 
 fatal, that it kills a strong man in two or three 
 minutes. Tschudi. 
 
 ECHINA'CEA PURPU'REA, from cx'vo?, the 
 hedge hog, owing to the spiny chaff of the round- 
 ish disk. Ptirple Ooiiefloioer, Black Sampson; of 
 the Composite Family ; indigenous in Ohio and 
 westward ; its dull purple flowers appearing in 
 July. The root is aromatic, and used popularly 
 as a carminative. 
 
 ECHINE, Vertebral column. 
 
 ECHINOCOCCUS, HOMINIS, see Worms— 
 e. Hunaanus, Hydatid. 
 
 ECHINODERMI, Porcupine men. 
 
 ECHINOGLOSSUM, Ophioglossum vulgatum. 
 
 ECHINOPHTHAL'MIA,from t^n")?, ' a hedge- 
 hog,' and o<p^aXfiia, 'inflammation of the eye.' 
 Ophthalmia of the eyelids, in which the cilia pro- 
 ject like the quills of the hedgehog. 
 
 ECHI'NOPS, from txivog, ' hedgehog,' and 
 a)\t, 'appearance.' Crocodil'ion, Acanthal'znea, 
 Scabio'sa cardnifo'lia, Sphceroceph'ala ela'tior, 
 Echi'nopus, Echinops Sjyhcerocepih'alus, Globe 
 thistle. The root and seeds are reputed to bs 
 moderately diuretic. 
 
 ECHIN'OPUS, Echinops. 
 
 ECHINUS SCANDENS. Allamanda. 
 
 ECHITES DIFFORMIS, Forsterania diffor- 
 mis — e. Suberecta, see Curare. 
 
 ECHOS, Sound, Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 ECHOSCOPE. Auscultation. 
 
 ECHOSCOPIUM, Stethoscope. 
 
 ECHTHYSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy, extra- 
 uterine. 
 
 ECLACTIS'MA, Eclamp'sis, Eclamp'sia, Epi- 
 lamp'sis, Effidgescen'tia, from sKAaKTi^co, ' I kick.' 
 Epilepsy is often accompanied with flashings of 
 light ; and hence Hippocrates has used the last 
 two words for epilepsy. They have all been ap- 
 plied to convulsions. 
 
 EOLATRE, Chelidonium majus — e. Petite, 
 Ranunculus fiearia. 
 j ECLAMP'SIA, from zKkapL^n, (tK, and "Xaji^ut, 
 'I shine,') 'brilliancy.' Flashes of light before 
 the e3'es. See Eclactisma. Convulsion, as the 
 convulsions of children, Eclamp'sia infan'tum, 
 Epilep'sin acu'ta infan'tum seafebri'lis infan'tum 
 senpueri'lis, (F.) Convulsions cles Enfans, Eclamji- 
 sie, but probably from ck, and Xa/jijiavui, AajnU'e/zaj, 
 ' to seize hold of.' 
 
 Eclamp'sia Gravida'rum et Parturien'- 
 tium; Puerperal Convulsions, (F.) Gonvulsiona 
 
ECLAMPSIE DES ENFANS 321 
 
 ECROUELLES 
 
 des femmes enceintes et en couche. Convulsions 
 of pregnant and parturient women. 
 
 Eclampsia Infantum, see Eclampsia — e. Nu- 
 tans, Convulsion, Salaam — e. Typhodes, Ra- 
 phania. 
 
 ECLAMPSIE PES ENFANS, Eclampsia 
 infantum. 
 
 _ ECLECTIC, (PHYSICIANS,) ^c^ec'^/cwl/ec?'- 
 ici, from cxXtyui, (ck, and Acyo),) 'I choose.' A sect 
 of physicians, who professed to choose, from 
 other sects, all the opinions which appeared to 
 them best founded. Agathinus of Sparta, master 
 of Archigenes of Apamsea, in Syria, was its re- 
 puted founder; and Archigenes and Aretseuswere 
 its greatest ornaments. The doctrine was called 
 Eclec'tiHm, Eclectis'mus, Medici'na eclec'tica, 
 Eclectic med'icine. Every judicious physician 
 must be an eclectic. 
 
 ECLECTISM, see Eclectic. 
 
 ECLEC'TOS, Eclig'ma, Elig'ma, Elix'is, Lam- 
 biti'vitm, Linctus, Linctua'riiim, from £fcX£i;^ii), (fic, 
 and Acip^w,) 'I lick.' (F.) Looch. A medicine, 
 of a thick, syrupy consistence, chiefly used to 
 allay cough, and consisting of pectoral remedies. 
 It was formerly sucked from the end of a liquo- 
 rice stick, made into a kind of pencil; hence its 
 name Linctus, from lingere, 'to lick.' Although 
 the linctus is usually exhibited in thoracic affec- 
 tions, it may have tonic virtues combined with it. 
 
 ECLEGMA ALBUM, Looch album— e. Gum- 
 moso-oleosum, Looch album. 
 
 ECLEIPISIS, Desquamation, Exfoliation. 
 
 ECLEPISIS, Desquamation, Exfoliation. 
 
 ECLEPISITREPANON, Exfoliative trepan. 
 
 ECLIGMA, Eclectos. 
 
 ECLIMIA, Boulimia. 
 
 ECLIPSIS, Syncope, 
 
 EOLISSE, Splint. 
 
 ECLTSES, Adynamia. 
 
 EC'LYSIS, Exsoht'tio ; from tKAuu, 'I loosen.' 
 Resolution, prostration of strength ; faintness. 
 
 EcLYSis P:tfEUMO-cARDiACA, Asphyxia. 
 
 ECMYZESIS, Exsuctio. 
 
 E^CN(EA, Dementia. 
 
 ECOLE, School. 
 
 ECON'OMY, (Eeonom'ia, from oiKta, 'a house,' 
 'a family,' and vc/xui, 'I rule.' By the term ani- 
 mal economy is understood, — the aggregate of the 
 laws which govern the organism. The word eco- 
 nomy is, also, used for the aggregate of parts 
 which constitute man or animals. 
 
 ECORCE, Cortes — e. Cariocostine, Canella 
 alba — &. Eleutherienne, see Croton cascarilla — e. 
 cle Saint Lucie, Cinchonae Caribaese cortex — e. 
 de Winter, see Wintera aromatica — e. Fausse de 
 Winter, Canella alba. 
 
 ECORCHURES, Chafing, Excoriation. 
 
 ECOULEMENT, Discharge, Gonorrhoea— e. 
 Blanc, Leucorrhoea — e. de Sung par IPnteatin, 
 Hoematochezia. 
 
 ECOUVILLON, see Ecouvillonnement. 
 
 EC0VVILL0NNE31ENT (F.), from ecou- 
 villon, 'a kind of mop, the sponge of a gun.' A 
 term used by the French therapeutists for the 
 act of cleansing or applying remedies to a part 
 by means of a mop or brush fixed to the end of a 
 piece of whalebone. Such mop or brush is termed 
 Ecouvillon. 
 
 ECPHLOGOSIS, Inflammation. 
 
 ECPHLYSIS, Vesicula— e. Herpes, Herpes— 
 e. Herpes circinatus, Herpes circinatus — e. Her- 
 pes exedens. Herpes exedens — e. Herpes miliaris, 
 Herpes phlyctajnodes — e. Herpes zoster. Herpes 
 zoster — e. Pompholyx, Pompholyx — e. Rhypia, 
 Rupia. 
 
 ECPHRACTIC, Deobstruent. 
 
 ECPHRAX'IS, from €K<ppa<rau), '1 remove ob- 
 21 
 
 struction.' The action of ecphractic or deob- 
 struent remedies. 
 
 ECPHROXIA, Insanity— e. Melancholia, Me- 
 lanchol3'. 
 
 ECPHYAS, Appendix vermiformis ceeci. 
 
 ECPHYMA, Excrescence, Tumour — e. Callus, 
 Callosity — e. Caruncula, Caruncle — e. Clavus, 
 Corn — e. (Edematicum, ffidema, Phlegmatia do- 
 lens — e. Physconia, Physconia — e. Trichoma, 
 Plica — e. Verruca, Verruca. 
 
 ECPHYMATA, Rubeola. 
 
 ECPHYSE'SIS, Effla'tio, Effla'tus, from iKcpv- 
 cau), '1 breathe through.' Exsuffla'tio. A quick 
 and forced expulsion of air from the lungs. 
 
 ECPHYSIS, Apophysis — e. Ventriculi, Duo- 
 denum. 
 
 ECPIES'MA, from ticTru^o), {ik, and ttu^u,,) 'I 
 compress.' Effractxi'ra, Impac'tion, Decea'aio. 
 A fracture of the cranium, with depression of the 
 fragments and compression of the brain. 
 
 ECPIES'MOS, Expres'aio, Ex'itus, Ecpiea'- 
 vion, same etymon. Celsus uses these words to 
 signify the forcing of the eye from the orbitar 
 cavity, with apparent but not real augmentation 
 of the organ. See Exophthalmia. 
 
 ECPLERO'MA, from «, and r^^rjpoc^, ' I fill.' 
 A cuahion, a pud. Hippocrates means, by this 
 term, a small pad or ball of leather, or other 
 substance intended to fill the hollow of the arm- 
 pit; used probably in reducing luxations of the 
 shoulder. 
 
 ECPLEXIA, Stupor. 
 
 ECPLEXIS, Stupor. 
 
 ECPNEUxMATOSIS, Expiration. 
 
 ECPNEUSIS, Expiration. 
 
 ECPNOE, Expiration. 
 
 ECPTO'MA, Ecjito'sis, Exciden'tia; from «- 
 rriTrci), (sk, and mzru,) 'I fall out.' This word 
 has been used in various senses, 1. Synony- 
 mously with luxation. 2. For the separation of 
 grangrenous parts. 3. For the expulsion of the 
 secundines. 4. For the prolapsus of the womb : 
 and 5. For intestinal or omental hernia, &c. 
 
 ECPTOSIS, Luxation. 
 
 ECPYCTICA, Incrassantia. 
 
 ECPYEMA, Abscess, Suppuration, Empyema. 
 
 ECPYESIS, Abscess, Empyema, Pustule — e. 
 Impetigo, Impetigo— e. Porrigo, Porrigo — e. Por- 
 rigo crustace.i, Porrigo larvalis— e. Porrigo favosa, 
 Porrigo favosa — e. Porrigo furfuraeea, Porrigo 
 furfurans — e. Porrigo galeata, Porrigo scutulata 
 — e. Porrigo lupinosa, Porrigo lupinosa— e. Sca- 
 bies, Psora. 
 
 ECPYETICUS, Suppurative. 
 
 ECPYISCONTUS, Suppurative. 
 
 ECRASEUR, 'a crusher/ from ecraaer, 'to 
 crush.' A surgical instrument invented by M. 
 Chassaignac, of Paris, which consists of a steel 
 chain, like that of a chain-saw devoid of teeth, 
 which is attached at both ends to a steel mandril, 
 which passes through a hollow steel cylinder. 
 The tightening of the chain is made slowly and 
 with_ great force, and in the last modification of 
 the instrument is effected by an endless screw 
 with a lever handle, working on a nut cogged on 
 its outer side, which plays on a thread cut on 
 the mandril. The slow bruising it makes is said 
 to be rarely followed by hemorrhage, even in the 
 case of hemorrhoids, and other vascular tumours 
 
 ECREVISSE, Crab. 
 
 ECREX'IS, Rnptu'ra, from txprj-yvvtn, (ck, and 
 prJyvv^>t,) 'to break.' Rupture, laceration 
 
 ECRHYTH'MUS, «, and pv&^os, 'rhythm.' 
 A term applied to the pulse, particularly when 
 irregular. — Galen. 
 
 E^CROE, Discharge. 
 
 ECROUELLES, Scrofula — e. 3/esentirtqtie8, 
 Tabes mesenterica. 
 
ECRTSIS 
 
 322 
 
 ECZEMA 
 
 EC'RYSIS, from cxpcw, ' I run from.' A dis- 
 cliarge. 
 
 ECSARCO'MA, from ex, and mp^, 'flesh. A 
 fleshy excrescence of various kinds. See Fun- 
 gosity, and Sarcoma. 
 ECSESMA, Eczema. 
 
 EC'STASIS, from e^iarviii, (sf, and icrTr,ni,) ' I 
 am besicJe myself.' An ec'atacy or trance, Cams 
 ee'stasis, Oat'ochtis, Ex'stasis, Catalejysia spu'ria, 
 Ili/perplexie, (F.) Extase. A state in which cer- 
 tain ideas so completely absorb the mind, that the 
 external sensations are suspended, the voluntary 
 movements arrested, and even the vital action 
 retarded. In catalepsy, there is, in addition, com- 
 plete suspension of the intellectual faculties. 
 This last condition is in general described as 
 trance. See, also, luxation. 
 ECSTROPHE, Exstrophia. 
 ECTASIA, Aneurism — e. Venarum, Varix. 
 EOTASIS, Extension, Expansion. 
 Ec'tasis I'ridis, is the extension or expansion 
 of the iris, which occasions diminution of the pupil. 
 ECTEXIS, Colliquation. 
 
 E C T H E TOBREPHOTROPHEUM, Brepbo- 
 tropheura. 
 
 ECTHLIM'MA, Exulcera' do Jrom tK^XiiSm, 'I 
 express.' 'I bruise.' Attrition. Chafing, or 
 excoriation, produced by external violence. — 
 Hippocroto.j. 
 
 ECTHLIPSIS, Expression. 
 ECTHYMA or ECTHY'MA, from tK&uu>, <l 
 break out.' Ecpye'sis, Phlysis ecthyma.Phlyza'cia 
 a'gria, Sca'biea Vera, Fiirun'culi aton'ici, Pctp'ii- 
 loHs Scall, (F.) Dartre crustacee, D. fongueuse. A 
 cutaneous eruption, characterized by large round 
 pustules, always distinct and seated upon an indu- 
 rated and highly inflamed base. In the course 
 of a day or two the pustules generally break, and 
 olive-brown incrustations are formed which ad- 
 here firmly to the skin. These separate in about 
 a fortnight. The disease requires the antiphlo- 
 gistic treatment. Under the Ecthymata, Vogel 
 has designated certain hard, unequal tumours 
 which appear transitorily on the skin. See Ef- 
 florescence, Exanthem, and Pustule. 
 
 ECTHYSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy, extra- 
 uterine. 
 
 ECTILLOTICUS, Depilatory. 
 ECTILMOS, Evulsion. 
 
 ECTOME, Castration, Eccope, Entaille, Ex- 
 cision. 
 
 ECTOMIA, Castration, Eccope. 
 ECTOMIUS, Castratus. 
 ECTONION, Helleborus niger. 
 ECTOPAG"IA, (F.) Ectopagie, from tKTog, 
 'outwards,' and itriyvvyn, 'to put together.' A 
 genus of double monsters, having a common um- 
 bilicus, comprising those which are united natu- 
 rally throughout the whole extent of the thorax. 
 ECTOPARASITES, Epizoa. 
 EC'TOPHYTE, Ectoph'yton, from cicro?, ' out- 
 side,' and (pvTov, ' a vegetable.' A vegetable 
 parasite, which grows on the surface of the body. 
 ECTOP'IA, Ectop'iais, Ectojnsm'us, Entoce'le, 
 Situs alie'nns seu p>erve7-'8ua seu muta'tus, Anomo- 
 topie, — Piorry, from ek, and totto;, ' out of place.' 
 Morbid displacement of parts. See Luxation. 
 Ectopia Ani, Proctocele. 
 
 Ectopia Cordis, Cardianas'trophe. Displace- 
 ment, dislocation, or unnatural position of the 
 heart. 
 
 Ectopia Herniosa, Hernia — e. Splenis, Sple- 
 nectopia. 
 
 ECTOPOCYS'TICUS, from tKTono?, 'out of 
 place,' and kv^th, 'bladder.' A disease depend- 
 ent upon displacement of the bladder. 
 ECTOPROTIC, Eccoprotic. 
 ECTOZO'A, (sing. Ectozo'on,) Extozo'a, Exto- 
 ron'ria, (P.) Extozoaires ; from t/crof, 'outside,' 
 
 and ^0)01', 'an animal.' Parasitic animals that 
 infest the exterior of the body, — as lice. A term 
 which, like Helmin'thia errat'ica, Pseudohelmiii'- 
 thes, and Pseud.opar'asifes, is applied, also, to 
 worms or larves of insects that have been intro- 
 duced into the intestinal canal by accident. Ani- 
 malcules, most frequently swallowed, are the 
 hairworm, leech, grub of the fly, caddy insect — 
 PhalcB'na pengiiina'lis ; the larve of the bee, the 
 spider, the triton palus'tris, lacer'ta aquat'ica, 
 &o. In animals, bots are produced by swallowing 
 the ova of the oestrus or gadfly. See Helminthia 
 erratica. 
 
 ECTRIM'MA, from tKrpi^u), {ck, and rpij3io,) 'I 
 rub off.' Ulceration of the skin ; and particu- 
 larly that which arises from the pressure of the 
 bed on diflFerent parts of the body, after a pro- 
 tracted confinement. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ECTRODACTYL'IA,from exTpunrig, 'abortion,' 
 and SuKTvXoi, ' a finger.' A malformation, in which 
 one or more fingers or toes are wanting. 
 
 ECTROGr"ENY, Ectrogen'ia, Ectrogen'esis, 
 from cKTp(ii(n;, 'abortion,' and yevtais, 'generation.' 
 Monstrosity by defect. — Serres. 
 ECTRO'MA, Abortion. 
 
 ECTRO'MELES, from cKrpoKn?, 'abortion,' and 
 jieXoi, 'a limb.' A genus of monsters, in which 
 the limbs are nearly or altogether deficient, as in 
 the ordinary cetacea. — I. G-. St. Ililaire. 
 
 EC'TROPE, Divertic'ulum, from SKrpETroi, {ck, 
 and TpeiTio,) 'I turn off',' 'divert.' Any duct by 
 which peccant or morbific matter was supposed to 
 be drawn off. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ECTROP'ION, same etymon. Ectrop'ium, 
 Ever'slo jjal'pebrcp., Blepharopto' sis Ectro'pinm, 
 Blcpharoto'sis, Pal'pehrce infe'rior extror'suin 
 flexa, Divarica'tio seu Rejiex'io seu Reelina'tio 
 palpehra'rum, (P.) Eraillement des Paupieres, 
 Renverseinent des Paupieres. Eversion of the 
 eyelids, so that they do not completely cover the 
 globe of the eye. It happens more commonly to 
 the lower than to the upper eyelid. It may be 
 owing to the retraction of the skin, after the cure 
 of an ulcer, wound, or burn of the eyelid; or it 
 may depend on tumefaction or relaxation of tho 
 conjunctiva. In the majority of cases, removal 
 of a portion of the conjunctiva will eS'eet a cure; 
 but there are many which dt;fy the efforts of art. 
 The ancients called Ectropion of the upper eyelid 
 lagop ht/ialm in. 
 
 ECTROSIS, Abortion. 
 ECTROSMOS, Abortion. 
 
 ECTROT'IC, from txTpw^a, (ck, and rirpucr/cu), 
 ' I wound,') ' abortion.' Ectrot'icus, Abortive. An 
 epithet applied to methods for preventing the 
 development or causing the abortion of any dis- 
 ease — as of chancres by the use of caustic; 
 small-pox pustules by the use of mercurial oint- 
 ment, <&c. 
 ECTYLOTICUS, Catheretic. 
 ECTYMPANOSIS, Tympanites. 
 EGUMEUX, Frothy." 
 
 ECUSSONS. 'Escutcheons or shields.' Plas- 
 ters spread upon the skin ; or small bags — sachets 
 — of the shape of escutcheons, filled with odorous 
 powders, which are applied on the skin. See 
 Sachet. 
 
 ECZEMA, from e^eu, (ek, and ?eu,) 'I boil 
 out,' ' I effervesce.' Eczes'ma, Ecses'ma, Pus' tula 
 ardens, Cytis'ma Eczema, Humid Scall or Tetter, 
 Running Scall, (P.) Dartre squammeuse humide, 
 D. vive, Gale epidemique. Heat eruption. An 
 eruption of small vesicles on various parts of the 
 skin, usually set close or crowded together; with 
 little or no inflammation around their bases, and 
 unattended by fever. 
 
 Eczema Capitis, E. of the hairy scalp. 
 Eczema of the Face, at an advanced stage, 
 
ECZEMATOSES 
 
 323 
 
 EFFUSION 
 
 and occurring in young children, has been de- 
 scribed under the names Grusta lactea and Por- 
 rign larvalis, 
 
 Ec'zEMA OF THE Hairy Scalp, Eczema cap'i- 
 tis, Vesic'ular seall, is oftea confounded with 
 other affections, under the names Porrigo and 
 Tinea, which are pustular, not vesicular, in their 
 form. It occurs during dentition, and even after- 
 wards, and the discharge is so profuse, that the 
 head appears as if dipped in some glutinous 
 liquid. By and by, the secretion dries into crusts 
 and mats the hair into little separate tufts. The 
 scalp gives evidence of inflammatory excitement, 
 and the lymphatic ganglions of the neck are apt 
 to become inflamed and suppurate. 
 
 A variety of humid scalled head, in which the 
 humour from the excoriated surface runs down 
 upon the hairs, and encloses them in little silvery 
 pellicles or sheaths, has received the name Asbes- 
 tos Scctll. 
 
 Ec'zEJFA IjtPETiGiNo'DES, Gall, Grocers' or 
 Bricklayers' Itch. Produced by the irritation of 
 sugar or lime. 
 
 Ec'zEJiA Mercuria'le, E. ruhrum, Erythe'ma 
 mercun'a'le seu ichoro'siim, Hydrargyr'ia, Hy- 
 drargyro'sis, Hydrargyri' asis,3Iorhus mercuria'lis, 
 Mercu' rial lepra or rash. A variety of eczema, 
 arising from the irritation of mercury. The treat- 
 ment is chiefly palliative, consisting in ablution 
 with mucilaginous infusions or decoctions ; mild 
 dressings, where the cuticle has exfoliated ; avoid- 
 ing all irritation; keeping the bowels open; with 
 the use of sulphuric acid and cinchona. 
 
 Eczema Rdbedw, Eczema mercuriale. 
 
 ECZEMATO'SBS, (G.) Eczematosen, same 
 etymon. A family of diseases, in the classifica- 
 tion of Fuchs, including morbid conditions of the 
 cutaneous secretions — as of the perspiration, se- 
 baceous and colouring matters, &c., and hence 
 many chronic cutaneous affections. His subdi- 
 visions are, ephidroses, smegmorrhoea, acarpcB, 
 polycarpm, and monocarpcB. 
 
 ECZESIS, Effervescens. 
 
 ECZESMA, Eczema, Lichen tropicus. 
 
 EDEMATOUS, (Edematous. 
 
 EDENTATUS, Edentulus. 
 
 EDENTULI, Nefrendes. 
 
 EDEN'TULOUS,£:rfen«a'ie(^, Eden'txdus, Eden- 
 ta'tus, from e, and dens, dentis, 'a tooth.' An'o- 
 dus, Carens den'tibus, Nodes, Nodus, (F.) Edente. 
 One without teeth. This defect can only be 
 remedied by artificial means. See Nefrendes. 
 
 EDERA, Hedera helix. 
 
 EDIBLE, Esculent. 
 
 EDOOEPHALE, from ai6oia, the 'sexual or- 
 gans,' and Kt<pa\ri, 'head.' A monster, which has 
 the two ears near each other, or united under the 
 head, the jaws atrophied; no mouth, and above 
 the eye a tube (trompe) resembling a penis. — I. 
 G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 EDROPPIT, Hydropic. 
 
 EDUCATIO IXFANTUxM, Pjedia. 
 
 EDULCORA'TIOX, Glycan'sis, Edulcora'tio, 
 from e, and dulcis, 'sweet.' An operation, the 
 object of which is to deprive a substance of its 
 acrid and disagreeable taste, or at least to disguise 
 it. Also, the addition of a saccharine substance 
 to a medicine, whose taste it is desirable to modify 
 agreeably. 
 
 EDULE. Comestible. 
 
 EDULIS, Comestible. 
 
 EE, Eye. 
 
 EESKIN", Singultus. 
 
 EEWIN^KER, Palpebra. 
 
 EF'FERENT, Efferens, Centrifugal, Exod'ic, 
 from effero, (e, and ferre,) ' I carry,' ' transport.' 
 Conveying outwards, as from the centre to the 
 periphery. 
 
 Vasa efferen'tia are those lymphatic or ehyli- 
 ferous vessels which issue from the glands to con- 
 vey their lymph to the thoracic duct ; so called 
 to distinguish them from those which pass to 
 those glands, and which have been termed vasa 
 afferen'tia seu inferen' tia. Also, nerves that con- 
 vey the nervous influence from the nervous cen- 
 tres to the circumference. See Afferent. 
 
 At the upper extremity of the mediastinum 
 testis, the ducts of the rete testis terminate in 
 from 9 to .30 small ducts, called vasa efferentia, 
 which forms the Coni vascxdo'si. 
 
 EFFERVES'CENCE, Effervescen'tia, Zesis, 
 Ec'zesis, from effervescere, (e, and fervescere,) 'to 
 grow hot.' That agitation, which is produced by 
 the escape of gas through a liquid, independently 
 of the heat of the mixture; such, for instance, as 
 results from the mixture of acetic acid and car- 
 bonate of potassa. 
 
 In Pathology it has a similar signification. It 
 expresses, in the language of the humorists, a 
 sort of ebullition in the fluids of the living body, 
 produced either by elevation of temperature or 
 by the reaction on each other of the principles 
 contained in the fluids in circulation. 
 
 EFFETUS, Impoverished. 
 
 EFFICA'CIOUS, Ef'Jicax, from efficere, (e, 
 and facere,) ' to accomplish.' That which pro- 
 duces a great effect, — as 'an efficacious remedy.' 
 
 Mediei'na efficax, La Iledecine efficaee, is a 
 term sometimes applied to surgery. 
 
 EFFILA, Ephelides. 
 
 EFFLATIO, Eephysesis. 
 
 EFFLATUS, Eephysesis. 
 
 EFFLORATIO, Exanthem. 
 
 EFFLORES'CENCE, Efflora'tio, Effloreseen'- 
 tia, from effl.orescere, [e, and florescere,) 'to blow 
 as a flower.' Stribili'go, Ecthy'ma. 
 
 In Pathology, efflorescence has the same mean- 
 ing as exanthema; and, in the nosology of Sau- 
 vages, the name is given to that order of diseases. 
 Sometimes, it is confined to the cutaneous blush, 
 the exanthe'sis of Good. 
 
 Efflorescence is, also, the conversion of a solid 
 substance into a pulverulent state by exposure to 
 the air. In salts this is generally owing to the 
 loss of a part of their water of crystallization. 
 
 EFFL ORESCENCE ER Y SIP EL A TE USE, 
 Roseolas. 
 
 EFFLORESCENTIA, Exanthem. 
 
 EFFLORESCENTI^, Elevures. 
 
 EFFLUVIUM, Emanation — e. Latrinarium, 
 Milte — e. Palustre, Miasm, Marsh. 
 
 EFFLUXION, Abortion. 
 
 EFFORT, (e, and /or<!», 'strong.') Nisus, Co- 
 na'tus, Peira. A muscular contraction of greater 
 or less strength, the object of which is, either to 
 resist an external force, or to accomplish a func- 
 tion, which has become naturally laborious: — 
 such are, the act of pushing away, or of drawin" 
 a body towards us, and the more or less painful 
 efforts used by the mother to cause the expulsion 
 of the foetus. In France, the word effort is often 
 used synonymously with hernia; and signifies, 
 likewise, the painful twitches of muscles, occa- 
 sioned by over-exertion, or by the rupture of 
 some of their fleshy fibres. Sauvages calls Efforts 
 des reins, Lumba'go d nisu, the pain in the "loins 
 occasioned by bearing too heavy a burden. 
 
 EFFORT, Hernia— e. des Reins, see Effort. 
 
 EFFOSSIO, Exhumation. 
 
 EFFRACTURA, Ecpiesma. 
 
 Effractu'ra Cranii, Enthla'sis Cra'nii, Frac- 
 ture of the Cranium, with depression. — Pare 
 
 EFFRENITATIO, Hypercatharsis. 
 
 EFFUSIO, Effusion-— e. Seminis, Ejaculation. 
 
 ^^'EWQ10'Si,Effa'sio,Ec'chysis, from effundere, 
 (e, a.nd fundere, fusum,) 'to pour out.' (P.) Epan- 
 
£garS 
 
 324 
 
 ELJEOPHANES 
 
 chement, {InJiUration is tbe term generally em- 
 ployed for eifusion into the areolar membrane. 
 The pouring out of blood or of any other fluid 
 into the areolar membrane, or into the eavities 
 of the body. The effusion of serum or of coagu- 
 lahle lymph, for instance, is a common result of 
 inflammation of serous membranes. 
 EGARE, Wild. 
 
 EGARE3IENT B'ESPRIT, Delirium, In- 
 sanity. 
 
 EGER, MINERAL WATERS OF THE. In 
 the valley of the Eger, at the western extremity of 
 Bohemia, there are several acidulous springs. One 
 of the most frequented of these is Franzensbad. 
 
 EGE'RIA. In ancient mythology, a nymph 
 to whom pregnant females offered sacrifices nt 
 conceptus alvtis facUins egeretur. By some, sup- 
 posed to have been identical with Lucina. 
 EGESTA, see Excretion. 
 EGESTAS, Want. 
 
 EGESTIO, Defecation, Dejection, Excretion. 
 EGGBED, Ovarium. 
 EGG-BRANDY, see Ovum. 
 EGG-PLANT, Solanum melongena— e. AVhite 
 of, Albumen ovi. 
 
 EGLANTIER BE CHIEN, Rosa canina— e. 
 Sauvage, Rosa canina. 
 
 EGOBRONCHOPHONT, see Egophonj'. 
 EGOPHONE, Egophony. 
 
 EGOPH'ONIC, yEgopho'nieus, (F.) EgopJio- 
 nique. Same etymon as the next. Having the 
 character of, or relating to, egophony. 
 EOOPHONIQUE, Egophonic. 
 EGOPH'ONY, jEgopho'nia, from ai^, aiyo;, 'a 
 f oat,' and (piovij, 'voice.' Cajjrilo'quium, Trago- 
 pho'nia, Goat's Voice, Bleating Voice, (F.) Ego- 
 vhonie, Voix chevrotante seu egophonique seu de 
 Polichinelle seu senile, Pectoriloquie chevrotante. 
 Laennec has designated by this name, the kind 
 of resonance of the voice heard through the 
 stethoscope, when we examine the chest of one 
 labouring under moderate eS'usion into one of the 
 pleurse. The voice, which strikes the ear through 
 the cylinder, is more sharp and harsh than usual, 
 and tremulous and broken, like that of the goat. 
 The patient himself is called Egophone. Bouil- 
 laud afiirms, that the 'bronchial and bleating 
 voice,' (egohroncliophonie.) is the principal symp- 
 tom of pleuropneumonia. Egophony exists, how- 
 ever, in cases of hepatization where there is no 
 pleural disease. 
 
 EGREGOR'SIS, Vigil'ia,Vigili'eB, Vigilan'tia-, 
 Vigila'tio, Vigil'iiim, from cypsyopeui, 'I watch.' 
 Watchfulness. A morbid want of sleep. — Galen. 
 EGRESSUS VENTRICULI, Pylorus. 
 EIDOS, tiSog, 'form, resemblance.' The ci is 
 often changed into lo, at the termination of a 
 word. Thus, HcBmatoV des or HcBmato'des. 
 EILAMIDES, Meninges. 
 
 EILE'MA, from tiAto?, Il'eus, (ttXEu, 'I roll,') 
 'a convolution.' Vogel has given this name to 
 a fixed pain, occupying some portion of the in- 
 testinal canal, which the patient compares to the 
 sensation that would be produced by a nail driven 
 into the part. 
 EILEON, Heon. 
 EILEUS, Ileus. 
 
 EILOID, (rimoM)-,) Eiloi'des, from siXem, 'I 
 roll," and tiios, 'resemblance.' A morbid growth 
 of the cutis, coiled or fulded. 
 
 EILSEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Eilsen 
 is about six German miles from Hanover, at the 
 foot of the Harrelberg. It has eleven springs, 
 of which seven are sulphureous and four chaly- 
 beate. 
 
 EISANTHE'MA, Exanthe'ma inter'num, En- 
 ianthe'ma, from cis, 'within,' and avdrijia, 'efflo- 
 
 rescence. An eruption on a mucous membrane 5 
 — aphthie, for example. 
 
 EISBOLE, Attack, Injection. 
 EISPNOE, Inspiration. 
 
 EJACULATIO, Ejaculation — e. Seminis Im- 
 pedita, Bradyspermatismus. 
 
 EJACULA'TION, Ejacula'tio, from e, and ja- 
 culor, (itself ir om. jac.ere,) 'I throw.' GonohoVia, 
 Gonobolis'mus, Ejaculatio seu Profu'sio seu Effn'- 
 sio Sem'inis, Expatra'tio, Patra'tio, Sperniob'ole. 
 The emission of sperm. That which oeor.rs 
 during coition has been termed Inaemina'tion. 
 The act, by which that fluid is darted out through 
 the urethra. 
 
 EJACULA'TOR. Same etymon. That which 
 effects the emission of sperm. See Transversus 
 perinsei. 
 
 Ejaculator Seminis, Accelerator urinse. 
 EJAC'ULATORY, EJaculato'rius, Ejac'ulans: 
 same etymon. (F.) Ejaculateiir, Ejaculatoire. 
 Concerned in the ejaculation of sperm. 
 
 E.iACULATORY Ducts or Canals, (F.) Conduits 
 ou Canaux ejaculatenrs, are formed by the union 
 of the vasa deferentia with the ducts of the vesi- 
 culae seminales. They open at the lateral and 
 anterior parts of the verumontanum, and convey 
 into the urethra the sperm which is discharged 
 from the vesiculae, as well as that which comes 
 directly from the testicle by the vas deferens. 
 Between them there is often a depression, some- 
 times of a large size, which is termed Utric'vlus, 
 U. prostat'icus, Vesi'ca seu vesic'ida prostat'ica, 
 Sinus pocula'ris seu ])ros'iatcB, Corpus' culumWeh- 
 eria'num, Webe'rian organ or corpuscle, which 
 has been regarded as the analogue to the uterus 
 in the female, and thence called V'terus mascu- 
 li'ntis. 
 
 EJECTIO, Excretion — c. Fsecum, Defecation. 
 EJECTION, Ejec'tio, from ejicere, efectuni, [e, 
 and jacere,) 'to throw out or eject.' The excre- 
 tion of the fffices, urine, sputa, &c. 
 EL NISPERO, Sapota. 
 
 ELABORA'TION, Elabora'tio, from e, and 
 laborare, laboratum, 'to work.' This word is 
 used, by physiologists, to signify the various 
 changes which substances susceptible of assimi- 
 lation undergo, through the action of living 
 organs, before they are capable of serving for nu- 
 trition. The food is said to be elaborated in the 
 stomach during the formation of chyme; the 
 chyme is elaborated in the small intestine before 
 it is chyle, <fec. 
 
 ELjEA, Olea Europsea. 
 
 ELJiAGNUS, Myrica gale — e. Cordo, Myrica 
 gale. 
 
 EL^OCARPUS COPALLIFERUS, CopaL 
 ELJEOCEROLE, Cerate. 
 ELJiOM'ELI, from iKaiov, 'oil,' and ntKi, 
 'honey.' Dioscorides means, by this, an oil 
 thicker than honey, and of a sweet taste, which 
 flows from the trunk of a tree in Syria. It is 
 acrid and purgative ; and sometimes occasions 
 serious symptoms, according to that author. — 
 Gorrseus. 
 
 EL^OM'ETER, from {Kamv, 'oil,' and ^inpov, 
 'measure.' A very delicate glass hydrometer, for 
 testing the purity of olive or almond oil, by de- 
 termining their densities. The or zero of the 
 scAle is the point at which the instrument floats 
 in the oil of poppy seeds. In pure olive oil, it 
 floats at 6{)°, and the spae-e between these points 
 is divided into 50 equal parts, and numbered ac- 
 cordingly. It floats at 38° or 38J° in pure oil of 
 almonds. 
 
 EL^ON, Oil. 
 
 EL^OPH'ANES, from tkaiov, 'oil,' and <^atvo- 
 jxai, 'I appear.' That which has the appearance 
 of oil ; as Uri'na elaopli' anes. 
 
EL^O-SACCHARUM 
 
 325 
 
 ELECTUAKIUM 
 
 EL^EO-SAC'CHARUM, from sXaiov, 'oil,' and 
 aoK^ap, 'sugar.' O'leo-Sac'charum, Bal'samo- 
 Sac'cJiariim, (F.) Oleosaccharole. A medicine, 
 composed of essential oil and sugar. It was made 
 by pouring upon an ounce of sugar, reduced to 
 an impalpable powder, ^ss or 3J of i" essential 
 oil; the mixture being triturated until the two 
 substances were perfectly united. — Rolfink. 
 
 ELAIN, see Fat. 
 
 ELAIS GUINEENSIS, see Cocos butyracea— 
 e. Occidentalis, see Cocos butyracea, 
 
 ELAN, Cervus alces. 
 
 ELANCEMENT, see Lancinating. 
 
 ELAPHOBOSCUM, Pastinaca sativa. 
 
 ELAPHOM'YCES GRANULA'TUS, E. offici- 
 na'lis, {iXetpag, 'a stag,' and fivKris. *a fungus.') 
 Lycoperdon cervi'num, Cervi Bole'tns, Bole'tus 
 cervi'nus, Tuber cervi'num, Hart's Truffles, Deer 
 Balls, Lucoperdon nuts. Nat. Order, Fungi. 
 Formerly used in the preparation of a Dalsainus 
 aj)02:)lecticus, and to promote labour and the secre- 
 tion of milk. Given, also, as an aphrodisiac. 
 Dose, ^iss, in powder. 
 
 ELAPHRIUM ELEiAIIFERUM, see Amyris 
 eleraifera — e. Tomentosum, Fagara octandra. 
 
 ELAPSUS, Luxation. 
 
 ELAS'MA, from t\avvu>, 'I drive up.' A clyster 
 pipe. — Linden. 
 
 ELASTES, Elasticity. 
 
 ELASTWINE, see Fibrous. 
 
 ELASTICITY, Elastic" Has, El'ater, Elas'tes, 
 El'atec, Via elas'tiea, Tone, Tonic"iti/, (F.) Con- 
 tractilite de 2'issxi, Contractilite par defaut d'ex- 
 tension, from tAauvu, 'I impel,' tkaartii, 'a driver.' 
 The property by which certain bodies return to 
 their proper size and shape, where these have 
 been modified by pressure or otherwise. It is 
 possessed by the dead as well as by the living 
 solid. 
 
 ELATE, Pinus picea — e. Theleia, Pinus rubra. 
 
 ELATER, Elasticity. 
 
 ELATERINE, see Momordica elaterium. 
 
 ELATEPiITIM, Extractura elaterii, Momordica 
 elaterium — e. Cordifolium, Momordica elaterium. 
 
 ELATES, Elasticity. 
 
 ELATIN, see Momordica elaterium. 
 
 ELATINE, Antirhinum elatine — e. Cymbala- 
 ria, Antirhinum linaria — e. Hastata, Antirhinum 
 elatine. 
 
 ELBOCK, Elbow. 
 
 ELBOW, Sax. elbosa, from ell, and how ; the 
 bend of the ulna. Cu'bitus, Ancon, Pecht/s, Ulna, 
 Umbo, (Sc.) Elbock, Elbuck, (F.) Coude. This 
 word, abstractedly, means the angle formed by 
 the union of two straight bodies. It is particu- 
 larly applied to the articulation of the arm with 
 the forearm, and especially to the projection 
 formed by the olecranon process at the posterior 
 part of the joint. 
 
 Elbow, Miners', see Miners' Elbow. 
 
 ELBUCK, Elbow. 
 
 ELCAJA, Triehilia emetica. 
 
 ELCOMA, Ulcer. 
 
 ELCOPLASTY, Helcoplasty. 
 
 ELCO'SIS, Helco'sis, Elco'ma, Hclco'ma, from 
 'e'XKog, 'an ulcer.' Ulceration in general. An 
 ulcer. A deep ulceration of the cornea, in con- 
 bequence of a blow or of violent inflammation. — 
 Galen, Pare. 
 
 Sauvages applies the term to a state of the 
 body, in which there are numerous ulcerations of 
 an obstinate character, complicated with caries, 
 putresceney, low fever, &o. 
 
 ELCUSTER, Embryulcus. 
 
 ELDER, Sambucus — e. Common, Sambucus 
 Canadensis — e. Dwarf, Aralia hispida, Sambucus 
 ebulus — e. Prickly, Aralia spinosa — e. Redber- 
 ried, Sambucus pubens. 
 
 ELECAMPANE, Inula helenium 
 ELECTRICITAS, Electricity — e. Aniuialis, 
 Galvanism — e. Galvanica, Galvanism — e. Metal- 
 lica. Galvanism. 
 
 ELECTRICITY, Electric" itas, from i^XtxTpov, 
 'amber,' — the substance in which it was first no- 
 ticed. Electricity is used medicinally as an ex- 
 citant. It has been occasionally employed with 
 success in paralysis, rheumatism, accidental deaf- 
 ness, amaurosis, amenorrhoea, &c., but it is un- 
 certain, and not much used ; and the cases are not 
 alwaj's clear in which it could be of service. It 
 maj' be communicated by means of the electric 
 hath — Bain electrique, as it has been called; 
 which consists in placing the patient upon an 
 insulated stool, and connecting him with the prime 
 conductor, of which he thus becomes a part. The 
 fluid may be communicated by points, sparks, or 
 by shocks, according to the required intensity. 
 
 Electricity, Chemical, Galvanism — e. Con- 
 tact, Galvanism — e. Magnetic, Electro-Magne- 
 tism — e. Voltaic, Galvanism. 
 
 ELECTRIFY, from electric, and fo, '1 
 make.' (F.) Electriser. To produce the electri- 
 cal condition in a body, or to render it suscep- 
 tible of producing electrical phenomena. It is 
 often used to signify the act of communicating 
 the electric fluid to man. 
 
 ELECTRISER, to electrify. 
 ELECTRO'DES, from r,\tKTpov, 'amber,' and 
 tihoq, 'resemblance.' An epithet for evacuations, 
 which shine like amber. — Hippocrates, Foesius. 
 
 ELEC'TRO-LITHOT'RITY. The disintegra^ 
 tion of calculi in the bladder by the mechan- 
 ical force of the electrical discharge, applied by 
 an appropriate apparatus. 
 
 ELECTRO -MAG'NETISM, Magnet'ic elcc 
 tric"itij. An electro-magnetic apparatus is occa- 
 sionally used in cases of paralysis. A convenient 
 form consists of a battery of six curved perma- 
 nent magnets, and an intensity armature, around 
 whose cylinders 1500 yards of fine insulated cop- 
 per wire are coiled. The ends of the wire commu- 
 nicate respectively, with a pair of directors, each 
 of which holds a piece of sponge, dipped in vine- 
 gar or a solution of common salt. When the 
 armature is rotated, and a portion of the body is 
 interposed between the directors, a succession of 
 shocks is received. 
 
 ELECTROPUNC'TURE, £'('ec?ro;3«)!e<«ra'o"o)i, 
 Electrostix'is, Gal'vanopuncture. The operation 
 of inserting two or more wires, and then con- 
 necting them to the poles of the galvanic appa- 
 ratus. 
 
 ELECTROSTIXIS, Electropunctixre. 
 ELECTRUM, Suecinum. 
 
 ELEGTUAIRE, Electuarium — e. Eentifrice, 
 Dentifrice — e. Simple, Conserva. 
 
 ELECTUA'RIUM, Electa' rium, Opia'tum, (Old 
 Eng.) Allectuary, an Electuary, (F.) Eleetnaire 
 Saccharole mon, from eligere, electum, 'to make 
 choice.' A pharmaceutical composition of a soft 
 consistence, somewhat thicker than honej', and 
 formed of powders, pulps, extracts, syrup, honey, 
 &c. In the London and American Pharma- 
 copoeias, electuaries are classed under Confec- 
 tions. 
 
 ELECTUARinjr de Aloe, Opiatum mesentericum 
 — e. Aperiens, Confectio senna; — e. Aromaticum, 
 Confectio aromatica- — e. CassiiB, Confectio cassise 
 — e. Cassiffi fistulse, Confectio cassia) — e. Cassias 
 sennffi, Confectio sennae — e. Cassias tamarindatum 
 seu lenitivum, Confectio cassise — e. Catechu, Con- 
 fectio catechu compositum — e. Catholicum com- 
 mune, Confectio sennaj — e. Cinchonse, Opiatum 
 febrifugum — e. de Croco emendatum, Confectio 
 hyacinthi — e. Diaprunum, Confectio sennas — e. 
 Eccoproticum, Confectio sennae — e. de Kina kina. 
 
ELECTUARY 
 
 326 
 
 ELEVATOR 
 
 Opiatum febrifugum — e. Laxativutn, Confectio 
 cassiae — e. Lenitivum, Confectio sennas — e. Opia- 
 tum, Confectio opii — e. Piperis, Confectio piperis 
 — e. Scammonii, Confectio scammoniaB — e. e 
 Scammonio, Confectio scammonise — e. Sennse, 
 Confectio sennoe — e. Sennae compositum, Confectio 
 sennse — e. Sennse cum pulpis, Confectio sennae — 
 c. Solidum, Tabella — e. Thebaicum, Confectio 
 opii. 
 
 ELECTUARY, Electuarinm— e. Lenitive, Con- 
 fectio sennje. 
 
 ELEENCEPHALE, from t^aiov, 'oil,' and 
 tyKe(pa\ov, 'encephalon.' A fatty matter found by 
 Couerbe in the encephalic neurine. 
 ELELISPHACOS, Salvia. 
 
 EL'EMENT, Elemen'tum, from ancient eleo 
 for oleoy 'to grow' [?], Princip'ium, P. Primiti'- 
 vum, Stoichei'on. A simple, ultimate constituent 
 or principle in the human body, which forms the 
 basis of a fibre or tissue. Also, a constituent of 
 a compound organ. The inorganic elements are 
 simple principles. An oi-ganic element, proxi- 
 mate principle or compound of organization, re- 
 sults from the union of certain inorganic ele- 
 ments. Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and azote, 
 are inorganic elements ; fibrin, albumen, osma- 
 zome, &c., organic elements. 
 
 Elements, Organic, Principles, immediate — e. 
 Sarcous, see Sarcous. 
 ELEMENTARY CELL, see Cell. 
 ELEMENTUM ACIDIFICUM, Oxygen. 
 ELEMI, Amyris elemifera. 
 ELENIUM, Inula helenium. 
 ELEO'CHARIS PALUS'TRIS, Scirpus pa- 
 ins' tria; indigenous. Orel. Cyperaceae. The 
 flowering tops, seeds and roots are astringent, and 
 have been used in diarrhoea and hemorrhage. 
 ELEOLES, Olea medicinalia. 
 ELEOSELINUM, Apium petroselinum. 
 ELEPHANTI'ASIS, Elep,hanti'a, Eleplian- 
 tias'mus, El'ephas, Laz'ari morbus seu malum, 
 Pkeemc"eus morbus, Phymato'sis Elepkanti'asis, 
 from tXtipai, c\t(pavTo;, 'an elephant.' Various 
 affections have been described under this name, 
 by adding an epithet. It is ordinarily and gene- 
 tically applied to a condition, in which the skin 
 is thick, livid, rugous, tubcrculate, and insensible 
 to feeling. 
 
 Elephantiasis of the Antilles, Barba'does 
 Leg, Gland'idar disease of Barbadoes, (F.) Jamhes 
 de Barbade, is the Elephantiasis of many writers, 
 Bucne'mia. It is characterized by the leg being 
 enormously tumid and misshapen ; skin thick- 
 ened, livid, and rugous, often scaly; scrotum, 
 arms, or other parts sometimes participating in 
 the aifection. The Bucne'mia Trop'ica, Cochin 
 leg, is an affection of this kind. 
 
 Elephanti'asis Arab'ica, Tyri'asis, El'eplias, 
 Elepkanti'asis, E. In'dica, Elephanti'a Ar'abum, 
 Lepra Arabum (of some), Jfaladie glandulaire, 
 Ladrerie, Yava Skin of the Polynesians [?]. In 
 this the tubercles are chiefly on the face and 
 joints. There is loss of hair, except on the 
 scalp; voice, hoarse and nasal; and the disease 
 is said to be contagious and hereditary. It most 
 frequently attacks the feet; and gives the lower 
 extremity a fancied resemblance to the leg of an 
 elephant, whence its name. The seat of the dis- 
 ease seems to be in the lymphatic vessels and 
 glands, and in the subcutaneous areolar tissue: 
 the inflammatory condition of which is accom- 
 panied with general morbid symptoms. Medicine 
 has little or no effect on this loathsome complaint. 
 See Lepra. 
 
 Elephantiasis of Catenne, dfal range de 
 Cayenne, seems to be a variety of Lepra, charac- 
 terized by red and yellow spots, occupying the 
 forehead, ears, hands, loins, &c., afterwards ex- 
 
 tending and becoming scaly, with deformity of 
 the parts where they are seated, particularly of 
 the face ; and ultimately producing cracks, ulcers, 
 caries, and sometimes death. 
 
 Elephantiasis of the Greeks, E. Grmco'- 
 rum, is probably the same disease as Lepra. 
 
 Elephantiasis of India is characterized by 
 red, livid, or yellowish spots, slightly prominent, 
 to which succeed indolent tumours, formed in the 
 areolar texture. At a more advanced period the 
 phalanges swell, and become ulcerated; the bones 
 of the nose carious, the lips thickened, and ema- 
 ciation gradually carries off the patient. It like- 
 wise belongs to lepra. 
 
 Elephantiasis Italica, Pellagra. 
 Elephantiasis of Java is likewise a variety 
 of lepra, characterized by large white tumours 
 on the toes and fingers, resembling scrofulous 
 tumefactions. These tumours ulcerate, and the 
 ulcerations spread from the extremities towards 
 the trunk, destroying even the bones. Amputa- 
 tion can alone arrest its progress. The disease 
 is often accompanied by alopecia, and by an 
 eruption of red spots. 
 
 ELEPHAN'TINUM EMPLAS'TRUM, KAe- 
 ipavTivov. An ancient plaster, composed of 30 
 parts of ceruss, 45 of wax, oil Ibss, water Ibj. — 
 Castelli. Oribasius and Celsus both mention a 
 plaster of this name, but they are by no means 
 similar in composition. 
 
 ELEPHANTOMMA, Buphthalmia. 
 ELEPHAN'TOPUS, (F.) Elejihuntope ; from 
 c\t<pai, 'elephant,' and novi, 'foot.' One affected 
 with elephantiasis. 
 
 ELEPHANTUSIA, Phytelephas macrocarpa. 
 ELEPHAS, Elephantiasis, Ivory. 
 ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM, Amomum 
 cardamomum. 
 
 ELEUTERIA, Croton cascarilla. 
 ELEVATEUR,'EAeYViioT—e. Commun de I'aile 
 du nez et de la levre superienre, Levator labii su- 
 perioris alasque nasi — e. de I'CEil, Rectus superior 
 oculi — e. de la Paupiere sup>&rieure, Levator pal- 
 pebrae superioris. 
 
 ELEVATOIRE, Elevator. 
 ELEVA'TIO U'TERL Ascent of the uterus. 
 This displacement occasionally occurs, in the 
 unimpregnated state, in connection with fibrous 
 uterine, and enlarged ovarian tumours. 
 
 ELEVA'TOR, levator, from elevare, (e, and 
 levare,) 'to lift up.' (F.) Elevateur. A muscle, 
 whose function it is to raise the part into which 
 it is inserted. See Levator. 
 
 Elevator, Elevato'rium, Vectis elevato'rius, 
 Elevatoire. A name given to different surgical 
 instruments employed for raising portions of bone 
 which have been depressed, for raising iind de- 
 taching the portion of bone separated by the 
 crown of the trepan, and for removing stumps 
 of teeth. 
 
 Elevator Ani, Levator ani — e. Labii inferio- 
 ris, Levator labii inferioris — e. Labii superioris 
 proprius. Levator labii superioris proprius — e. 
 Labiorum communis. Levator anguli oris — e. 
 Oculi, Rectus superior oculi — e. Patientise, Leva- 
 tor scapulsB — e. Scapulae, Levator scapula — e 
 Testieuli, Cremaster — e. Urethras, see Transver- 
 sus perinffii. 
 
 Elevator, Common. This is a mere lever, the 
 end of which is somewhat bent and made rough, 
 in order that it may less readily slip away from 
 the portion of bone which is to be raised. The 
 instrument is used, by forming a fulcrum for it, 
 either on the hand which holds it, or upon the 
 fingers of the other hand; or by making a fixed 
 point for it on the edge of the opening made with 
 the trephine. 
 Elevator of Louis differed from the last only 
 
EL EVE EXTERNE 
 
 ELLEBORASTER 
 
 in the circumstance of the screw-peg being united 
 to the bridge by a kind of pivot instead of binge, 
 so that greater extent of motion was permitted. 
 
 Elevator of Petit consists of a lever mounted 
 on a handle, and straight throughout its whole 
 length, except at its very end, which is slightly 
 curved, in order that it may be more conveni- 
 ently put under the portion of bone intended to 
 be elevated. The lever is pierced at various dis- 
 tances from its butt-end with several holes, in- 
 tended for the reception of a movable screw-peg, 
 fixed on the top of a kind of bridge. This part 
 of the instrument consists of an arch, the ends 
 of which are long, and covered with small pads, 
 and on its centre is the screw-peg already men- 
 tioned. By means of these holes the arm of the 
 lever can be lengthened at pleasure. 
 
 Elevator, Trip'loid, Vectis triplo'i'des. This 
 was so called from its consisting of three branches, 
 uniting above in one common trunk. The latter 
 part was traversed by a long screw, having below 
 a kind of hook, and above a handle for turning 
 it. By turning the screw, the hook was drawn 
 up, and the bone thus elevated. 
 
 The simple lever is the only one now used, 
 owing to the want of facility and advantages in 
 the use of the others. 
 
 ELEVE EXTERNE, see House-surgeon — e. 
 Interne, House-surgeon. 
 
 ELEVUEES (F.), Effloreiteentice. A generic 
 name, including all the exanthemata, in which 
 there is tumefaction of the tissue of the skin. 
 See Exanthem. 
 
 ELF-LOCK. A condition of the hair in which 
 it is matted and twisted into locks, as in plica. 
 Supposed, in olden times, to have been the work 
 of elves or fairies. 
 ELIASTER, Ilech. 
 
 ELICHRYSUM, Solidago virgaurea — e. Mon- 
 tanuni, Antennaria dioica. 
 ELICOIDES, Capreolaris. 
 ELIGMA, Eclectos. 
 ELIMINAISTTIA, Eccritica. 
 ELIMINATIVES, Eccritica. 
 ELIQUATIO, Colliquation. 
 ELIXA'TIO, Epse'sis, from elixiw, (e, and h'x, 
 'water, liquor, lye,') 'boiled,' 'sodden.' This 
 v/ord has been used synonymously with Decoc- 
 tion. The act of boiling. 
 
 ELIX'IR, Isir, Ixir, Quellea, Alex'ir. The 
 etymology of this word is not clear. Lemery 
 derives it from eAku, 'I extract;' and also from 
 aXt^d), 'I aid.' Others believe it to be from Ara- 
 bic, al-ecsir, or al-eksir, 'chymistry.' An elixir 
 is a medicine composed of various substances 
 held in solution in alcohol. The name has been 
 used, however, for preparations which contain 
 no spirit of wine. 
 
 Elixir Ac"iduii Halleri seu Dtppel'ii, 
 E. Antipodal/ riciim seu Antinephret' icum seu 
 Sidphu'rieo-ac"idum, GuttcB ac"idcB ton'icas. Aqua 
 Rahe'lii, Liquor ae"idu3 Halleri, Mistu'ra sul- 
 phu'rico-ac"{da, ^ther sulphu'ricus ac"idus, 
 Ac"idum snlphu' ricum alcoolisa'tiim, A. vitriol' - 
 icum vino'sum, Al'cohol SnlpJiurica'tum, A.- sul- 
 phu'ricum, is a mixture of concentrated sulphuric 
 acid and alcohol — in the Eau de Rahel, of one 
 part of the former to three of the latter. It is 
 employed as an astringent in hemorrhages, &c. 
 
 ELii.iR Aloes, Tinctura aloes composita — e. 
 Anthelminticum Succorum, Tinctura jalapii com- 
 posita. 
 
 Elixir, A^^TI-AsT^^fAT'IC, of Boerhaate. 
 This elixir is composed of alcohol, aniseed, cam- 
 phor, orris, asarahacca root, calaimis aromaticue, 
 liquorice, and elecampane. It is given in asthma, 
 in the dose of 20 or 30 drops. 
 
 Elixir Antihypochondeiacum, Tinctura cin- 
 
 chona amara — e. Antinephreticum, E. acidutn 
 Halleri — e. Aperitivum, Tinctura aloes composita. 
 
 Elixir, Antiscrof'ulous op Peyrilhe; com- 
 posed of weak alcohol, suhcarhonate of i^tassa, 
 and gentian root. It is administered in scrofula. 
 
 Elixir, Boerhaave's, see Tinctura aloes com- 
 posita. 
 
 Elixir, Carminatite, of Sylvius, Tinctura 
 carminativa Sylvii. 
 
 Elixir Claude'ri, Glauber's Elixir. Made 
 by macerating for a few days carbonate of po- 
 tassa ^j ; aloes, guaiacnm, myrrh, saffron, rhu- 
 barb bruised, of each ^^ij ; icater f,^xviij; and 
 decanting. Dose, a tablespoonful as a laxative 
 and emmenagogue. 
 
 Elixir, Daffy's, Tinctura sennje comp. — e. 
 Danorum, E. pectorale regis Daniae — e. Foetidum, 
 Tinctura castorei composita — e. of Garus, Tinc- 
 tura de croco composita — e. Guaiaci volatilis, 
 Tinctura Guaiaci ammoniata — e. Jalapse compo- 
 situm, Tinctura jalapii composita — e. of Long 
 Life, Tinctura aloes composita — e. de Longue vie, 
 Tinctura aloes composita — e. d'Or de 31. le Ge- 
 neral de la Jlotte, Tinctura seu Alcohol sulfurico- 
 sethercus — e. Paregoric, Edinburgh, Tinctura 
 opii ammoniata — e. Paregoricum, Tinctura cam- 
 phorae composita — e. Pectorale dulce, E. pecto- 
 rale regis Danias. 
 
 Elixir Pectora'le Regis Da'ni^, E. Dano'- 
 rum seu Ringelman'ni seu ex succo glycyrrhi'zcB 
 s^n pectora'le dul'ce seu e succo liquirit"icB : (Suec. 
 glycyrrhiz. p. 1 ; Aq. Fcenicid. p. 2 ; Alcohol am- 
 moniat. p. 6. A formula in many of the Pharma- 
 copoeias of continental Europe.) With the addi- 
 tion of opium it constitutes the Elixir annnoni- 
 ato-op>ia'tum, Extractum theba'icum ammoniaca'le 
 of some Pharmacopoeias. 
 
 Elixir Proprietatjs, Tinctura aloes compo- 
 sita — e. Purgans, Tinctura jalapii composita — e. 
 Radcliffe's, see Tinctura aloes composita — e. Rhej 
 dulce, Vinum rhej palmati — e. Ringelmanni, E. 
 pectorale regis Danias — e. Roborans Why ttii, 
 Tinctura cinchonae amara — e. Sacrum, Tinctura 
 rhej et aloes — e. Salutis, Tinctura sennsfi comp. 
 
 — e. Squire's, see Tinctura camphors composita 
 
 — e. Stomachicum, Tinctura gentianae composita 
 — e. Stomachicum spirituosum. Tinctura cinchonae 
 amara — e. Stoughton's, see Tinctura gentianae 
 composita — e. ex Succo glj'cyrrhizte, E. p-ectorale 
 regis Daniffi — e. ex Succo liquiritijB, E. pectorale 
 regis Danorum — e. Sulphurico-aeidum, E. acidura 
 Halleri — e. Traumaticum, Tinctura Benzoini 
 composita. 
 
 Elixir Vit^ of Mathi'olus ; composed of 
 alcohol and 22 aromatic and stimulating sub- 
 stances. It was formerly employed in epilepsy. 
 
 Elixir of Vitriol, Sulphuric acid, dilute — e. 
 Vitrioli, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum — e. 
 Vitrioli aeido-aromaticum, Sulphuricum acidum 
 aromaticum — e. Vitrioli dulce, Spiritus aetheris 
 aromaticus, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum — 
 e. Vitrioli Edinburgensium, Sulphuricum acidum 
 aromaticum — e. Vitrioli Mynsichti, Sulphuricum 
 acidum aromaticum — e. of Vitriol, sweet, Spiritus 
 setheris aromaticus — e. Vitrioli cum tinctura aro- 
 matica, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum — e. of 
 Vitriol, Vigani's, Spiritus aetheris aromaticus — e. 
 Whyttii, Tinctura cinchonge amara. 
 
 ELIXIRIUM ANTISEPTICUM DOCTORIS 
 CHAUSSIER, Tinctura cinchona} aetherea com- 
 posita. 
 
 ELIXIS, Eclectos. 
 
 ELIXIVIATION, Lixiviation. 
 
 ELK, Cervus alces — e. Bark, Magnolia macro- 
 phylla — e. Tree, Andromeda arborea — e. Wood, 
 Andromeda arborea, Magnolia macrophylla. 
 
 ELKOPLASTY, Helcoplasty. 
 
 ELLARNE, Sambucus. 
 
 ELLEBORASTER. Helleborus fcetidus. 
 
ELLEBOUE 
 
 32 8 EMBARRAS GASTRIQUE 
 
 ELLEBORE, Dracontium foetidum. 
 ELLEBORISMUS, Helleborismus. 
 ELLEBORUM ALBUM, Veratrum album. 
 ELLEBORUS ALBUS, Veratrum — e. Niger, 
 Helleborus niger. 
 
 ELLEN-TREE, Sambucus. 
 ELLER, Alnus glutinosa. 
 ELLERMAN'SDEO'DORIZING FLUID. An 
 nntibromic or remover of odours — said to be a 
 solution of a persalt of iron. 
 
 ELLET, Sambucus. 
 
 ELLIPTIC, Oval. 
 
 ELLYCH'NIOTOS, from zWvxviov, 'the wick 
 of a lamp.' A sort of tent, used by the ancient 
 surgeons, so called because it was shaped like a 
 wick, or because it was made of a similar material. 
 
 ELM, COMMON, Ulmus— e. Red, Ulmus Ame- 
 ricana — e. Rough-leaved, Ulmus Americana — e. 
 Slippery, Ulmus Americana. 
 
 ELMINTHOCORTON, Corallina Corsicana. 
 
 ELNORNE, Sambucus. 
 
 ELO'DES, Helo'des, Paludal, Marshy, (F.) Ma- 
 recngenx, Paludeen, Pahtstre. Febris elo'des seu 
 helo'des seu paludo'sa, Helop'yra, Helopyr'etos, 
 from 'tkns, 'a marsh,' and tiboi, 'resemblance.' 
 Marsh fever. (F.) Fievre intermittente palu- 
 deenne, F. paludeenyie ou Maremmatique, because 
 it prevails in the Maremma district of Ital)'. 
 Also, a kind of fever, characterized by great 
 moisture or sweating. 
 
 ELOME, Orpiment. 
 
 ELONGA'TION, Parathro'ma, Elonga'tio, 
 from elongare, elongutum, (e, and longus.) 'to 
 lengthen,' 'extend.' An incomplete luxation, in 
 which the ligaments of an articulation are stretched 
 and the limb lengthened, without total luxation. 
 The word has also been used for the extension re- 
 quired in the reduction of fractures and luxations, 
 and for the increased length of limb, (F.) Allunge- 
 ment, in diseases and dislocations of the hip-joint. 
 
 ELREN, Sambucus. 
 
 ELTH. see Age. 
 
 ELUTRIATIO. Deeantation, Elutriation. 
 
 ELUTRIA'TION, Elntria'tio; originally from 
 eJuo, (e, and lao, 'I wash,') 'I wash away, I 
 rinse.' In pharmacy a process by which the 
 finer particles of a powder are separated from the 
 coarser. It consists in diffusing the powder in 
 ■water, allowing the larger and heavier particles 
 to subside, and then decanting the liquor, that 
 the finer particles may subside. 
 
 ELU'VIES, same etymon. An inordinate dis- 
 charge of any fluid, and also the fluid itself. In 
 the works of some authors it is particularly ap- 
 plied to the mucus which flows from the vagina 
 in cases of leucorrhcea. 
 
 ELUXATION, Luxation. 
 
 ELYTRATRESIA, Colpatresia. 
 
 ELYTREURYNTER, Speculum vaginae. 
 
 ELYTRITIS, Colposis, Leucorrhcea. 
 
 ELYTROBLENNORRH(EA, Leucorrhcea (va- 
 ginal). 
 
 EL'YTROCE'LE, from cXvrpov, 'a vagina or 
 sheath,' and k;?Ai7, 'a tumour.' Vogel has given 
 this name to vaginal hernia, Colpoce'Ie. 
 
 ELYTRODES (tunica). Vaginal coat of the 
 testicle. 
 
 ELYTRCEDE'MA, Coleoede'ma, Colpcede'ma, 
 from tXvTpov. 'a vagina or sheath,' and oiirjua, 
 'oedema.' Q5dema of the vagina. 
 
 ELYTROITIS, Colposis. 
 
 EL'YTRON, from tXvw, 'I involve.' A sheath. 
 The vagina. The membranes which envelope 
 the spinal marrow are called elytra. 
 
 ELYTRON'CUS, Ffytrojyhy'ma, from tXvrpov, 
 'a vagina or sheath,' and oyxo;, 'a tumour.' A 
 swelling of the vagina. 
 
 ELYTROPAP'PUS RHINOCERO' TIS. A 
 South African bush, Nat. Ord. Compositas, the 
 
 whole of which is bitter and resinous. The tops 
 of the branches, infused in wine or brandy, make 
 excellent bitters. The tops are also given in 
 powder to children affected with diarrhoea. 
 ELYTROPHYMA. Elytroncus. 
 EL'YTROPLAS'TY, El'ytroplas'tice ; from 
 cXvrpov, 'the vagina,' and irAao-o-M, 'I form.' The 
 operation for restoration of the vagina. 
 
 ELYTROPTOSIS, Prolapsus vaginae. 
 
 ELYTRORRHAGIA, Colporrhagia. 
 
 ELYTROR'RHAPHY, Elytrorrhaph'ia, Col- 
 por'rhapy, Kolpor'rhaphy ; from sKvt^ov, 'the 
 vagina,' and pa(pi], 'a suture.' The operation of 
 closing the vagina by suture in cases of prociden- 
 tia uteri. 
 
 EM and EN, tv, 'in, into, within;' also 'ex- 
 cess :' frequently used in this last sense by Dr. 
 Good. A common prefix, generally answering to 
 the prefixes im and in, in English. In composi- 
 tion, before j3, it, <p, -ii, and /i, the v is changed 
 into fi; before y, k, ^, and x> i^ito Y'> before A, 
 into X ; and before p generally into p. 
 
 EMACIATE, 3Iaces'cere, Tahes'cere, (F.) 
 Amaigrir J- from emaciare, emaciatum, (e, and 
 maceo, ' to be lean,') ' to grow lean.' To lose 
 flesh, to become lean, to waste away. 
 
 EMACIA'TION, Emacia'tio, Extemia'fio, 3fa'- 
 ciea, 3facritu'do, ilacror, Marco'res, Skeleti'a, 
 Leptysm'us, Leptyn'sis, Pingued'inis diminu'tio, 
 (F.) Atnaigrissemenf, Eeperissement. That con- 
 dition of the bod}', or of a part of the body, iu 
 which it grows lean. The state of one who is 
 lean — Leanness, Isch'notes, (F.) Ifaigreur. 
 
 EMAIL DES DENTS, Enamel of the teeth. 
 
 EMAJLLOTAGE (F.), from maillot, 'swath- 
 ing or swaddling clothes.' The 'wrapping up' or 
 'packing up' in dry or wet sheets, which is prac- 
 tised in hydropathic establishments to induce 
 sweating. 
 
 EMANA'TION, Emana'tio, Efflu'vium, from 
 emanare, emanatum, (e, and manure,) 'to issue 
 or flow from.' The term is applied to a body 
 which proceeds or draws its origin from other 
 bodies — such as the light which emanates from 
 the sun ; the miasm which arises from the putrid 
 decomposition of animal or vegetable substances, 
 &c. See Miasm. 
 
 EMAN'SIO MEN'SIUM, from e, and manere, 
 mansum, ' to stay.' This term has been applied 
 to amenorrhcea or obstruction of the menses be- 
 fore they have been established. Some have 
 used it for the retention which occurs even after 
 they have been established. The former is the 
 general acceptation. 
 
 EMARGINATIO, EcJiancrure, Notch. 
 
 EMARGINATUR.A, Echancrnre, Notch. 
 
 EMASCULA'TION, Emascula'tio, from emas- 
 eulare, (e, and masculus, 'a male,') 'to render 
 impotent.' The act of removing or destroying 
 the generative organs of a male animal. 
 
 EMASCULATUS, Castratus, Eunuch. 
 
 EMBALM'ING, from em, en, 'in,' and halsa- 
 mum, 'balsam.' Bahama' tio, Smyrnis'mos, Ce- 
 dci'a, Pollinctu'ra, Necrocedi'a, Gonditu'ra Ca- 
 dav'eriini, (P.) Emhaumeynent, Imhalsamation. An 
 operation which consists in impregnating th-e 
 dead body with substances capable of preventing 
 it from becoming putrid, and thus putting it in a 
 condition to be preserved. 
 
 EMBAM'MA, Apoham'ma, Bamma, from i//- 
 fia-nTii), [tjx, and (3a-Tui, 'I dip,') 'I immerse.* A 
 medicated pickle or sauce. — Gorraeus. 
 
 EMBARRAS, Emphraxis. 
 
 EMBARRAS OASTRIQUE (E.), Gastric dis- 
 order or impediment, Collu'vies gas'trica, Sordes 
 prima'rum via'rum, Status gas'tricvs, Gastef 
 atax'ia, (F.) GastricitS. Disorder of the stomach, 
 in which there is loss of appetite, with bitterness 
 
E3IBARRAS 
 
 329 
 
 EM^TISER 
 
 and clamminess of mouth, white and yellow 
 tongue, feeling of oppression in the epigastrium, 
 and sometimes pain in that region, nausea and 
 bilious or bitter vomiting; this state being ac- 
 companied with headach, lassitude, and pain in 
 the back and limbs. 
 
 EM BAR R AS GASTRO-INTESTINAL, Gas- 
 tro-intes'tinal disorder. Slight gastro-enteritis, 
 according to the Broussaists, in which the symp- 
 toms of the Embarras gastrique and E. intestinal 
 are united. 
 
 EMBARRAS INTESTINAL, Intes'tinal dis- 
 order. The principal characters assigned to this 
 are : — tension of the abdomen colic, borborygmi, 
 discharge of flatus per anuni, constipation or diar- 
 rhoea, &c. 
 
 E2IBARRURE, Engisoma. 
 EMBAUMEMENT, Embalming. 
 EMB0ITE3IENT (¥.). ' Encasing,' from em, 
 'in,' and hoxte, 'a box.' Enadelphi'a, Endn- 
 delj}7ii'a, Enteradelphi'a. This term has been 
 applied to the theory of generation which con- 
 siders that the germs are encased in each other 
 in the ovary of the female, in such sort that they 
 are developed in succession after impregnation. 
 It is the theory of encasing of germs, or of mons- 
 trosity hy inclusion. 
 
 EMBOITURE, Diarthrosis. 
 EM'BOLE, from tufiaWoi, (c/j and /3aA>a),) 'I 
 put in place.' Reduction of a luxated bone. 
 Repoait"io. Also, a plug, as of a blood-vessel. 
 EMBOLIMOS, Intercalary. 
 EMBOLUM CEREBRI, Infundibulum of the 
 brain. 
 
 EMBONPOINT, (P.) 'In good point or 
 plight.' Bona cor'poris habitu'do. The state 
 of the animal body when in full health. Exces- 
 sive embonpoint constitutes corpulence and obe- 
 sity, and mav become a morbid condition. 
 
 EMBONPOINT EXC ESSIE, Polysarcia adi- 
 posa. 
 
 EMBORISMA, Aneurism. 
 EMBOWELLING, Exenterismus. 
 EMBREGMA, Embrocation. 
 EMBROCATIO, Embrocation, Irrigation. 
 EMBBOCA'TION, Embroca'tio, Embrcg'ma, 
 Ent'broche, Imjtla'viinn, from SfilSpex'^, {tin, and 
 (3p£;^u, ' I wet,') ' I dip in.' A fluid application 
 to be rubbed on any part of the body. It is 
 often used synon3'mously with liniment. Origi- 
 nally it was employed in the sense of Fomenta- 
 tion. 
 
 EsiBnocATiox, GuESTONiAN, See Oleum Tere- 
 binthiniB reetificatum. 
 
 EMBROCHE, Embrocation. 
 EM'BRYO, Em'bryon, from tv, 'in,' and (ipv(o, 
 'I grow.' Cye'ma. The fecundated germ, in the 
 early stages of its development in utero. At a 
 certain period of its increase, the name/ce?i(s is 
 given to it, but at what period is not determined. 
 Generally, the embryo state is considered to ex- 
 tend to the period of quickening. 
 
 EMBRYOC'TONY, Foetus trucida'tio, from 
 cuSfjvov, ' the embryo,' and ktovos, ' destruction.' 
 The act of destroying a foetus in utero, when in- 
 surmountable obstacles — as certain deformities 
 of the pelvis — oppose delivery. 
 
 EMBRYOG'RAPHY, Embryogra'phia, from 
 eii!3pvov, 'the embryo,' and y^aipr], 'a description.' 
 The piirt of anatomy which describes the embryo. 
 EMBRYOL'OGY, Embryolog"ia, from tpfipxiov, 
 'the embryo,' and >oyof, 'a description.' The 
 doctrine of embryonic description. 
 
 EMBRYON'IC, Embryon'icus, (F.) Embryo- 
 nique, Embryonnaire ; same etymon as embryo. 
 Relating or appertaining to an embryo: — as 
 ' embryonic life.' 
 
 EMBRYONIQJJE, Embryonic. 
 
 EMBRYONNAIRE, Embryonic. 
 EMBRYOTHLAS'TA, Embryothlas'tes, Em- 
 bryothlas'tum, (F.) Embryotome, from epjipvov, 
 'the embryo,' and SXaw, 'I break.' An instru. 
 ment for dividing the foetus piecemeal, in ordei 
 to effect delivery. A crotchet or other instru- 
 ment, used, in certain cases of laborious parturi- 
 tion, to break the bones of the foetus, for the 
 purpose of extracting them with greater facility. 
 — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 EMBRYOTOCIA, Abortion. 
 
 E3IBRY0T0ME, Embryothlasta, 
 
 EMBRYOT'OMY, Embryotom'ia, from cptjipvov, 
 'an embryo,' and re^vetv, 'to cut.' A division of 
 the fojtus into fragments, to extract it by piece- 
 meal, when the narrowness of the pelvis or other 
 faulty conformation opposes delivery. 
 
 ExMBRYOT'ROPHY, Embryotroph'ia, from 
 epBpvov, 'the embryo,' and rpo<pri, 'nourishment.' 
 Foetal nutrition ; Cyot'rophy. 
 
 EMBRYUL'CIA, Embryusfend'cia, from cp- 
 Ppvoi, 'embryo, foetus,' and cXkw, 'I extract,' 'I 
 draw.' A surgical operation, by which the foetus 
 is extracted by means of appropriate instruments, 
 when faulty conformation or other circumstanees 
 prevent delivery by the natural efforts. 
 
 EMBRYUL'CUS, Elcus'ter, same etymon. An 
 iron hook or crotchet, described by Fabricius ab 
 Aquapendente, which was used to extract the 
 foetus in some cases of laborious labour. 
 
 EMBRYUSTERULCIA, Embryulcia. 
 
 EMEND ANS, Corrigent. 
 
 EMERAUDE, Smaragdus. 
 
 EMERODS, HfEmorrhois. 
 
 EMESIA, Vomiturition. 
 
 EMESIS, Vomiting. 
 
 EMETATROPH'IA, from tpti^, 'I vomit,' and 
 aTpo<pia, 'want of nourishment.' Atrophy induced 
 by vomiting. 
 
 EMETIA, Emetine. 
 
 EMET'IC, Emet'icv.m, Vomito'rium, Vom'itory, 
 Vomit, Puke, (Prov.) Pick, from cpitu), 'I vomit.' 
 A substance capable of producing vomiting. (F.) 
 Emetique. [This term is also restricted by the 
 French to tartarized antimony — the emetic, as it 
 were, par excellence.^ Vomitif. 
 
 Tartarized antimony, emetine, ipecacuanha, 
 and sulphate of zinc, are the chief emetics. 
 They are valuable agents in disease, and may 
 either a.ai primarily on the stomach, or seconda- 
 rily on other parts of the system, — the sym- 
 pathy between the stomach and other parts of 
 the body being very extensive, and an impor- 
 tant object of study. 
 
 The following are the usual emetics: — Anti- 
 monii et Potass^ Tartras ; CupriAcetas; Cupri 
 Sulphas; Emetina; Gillenia; Hydrargyri Sul- 
 phas Flavus; Ipecacuanha; Lobelia; Sanguina- 
 ria; Soilla: Sinapis, and Zinci Sulphas. 
 
 Emetic Root, Euphorbia corollata — e. Tartar, 
 Antimonium tartarizatum — e. Weed, Lobelia 
 inflata. 
 
 EMETICOLOGIA, Emetology. 
 
 EM'ETIXE, Emeti'na,Emet'ia, Vom'itine, Ce- 
 phaelinum. A vegetable alkali, discovered by 
 M. Pelletier in ipecacuanha, and to which it owes 
 its emetic power. It is obtained from different 
 ipecacuanhas, but chiefly from psychot'ria einet'- 
 ica, eallicoc'ca ipecacuan'ha, and vi'ola emet'ica. 
 It is in transparent scales, of a reddish-brown 
 colour, almost inodorous, of a bitter, slightly 
 acrid taste ; is unchangeable in the air, soluble in 
 water and alcohol, and insoluble in ether. Three 
 grains of impure emetia or one grain of pure are 
 equal to^lS of ipecacuanha. See Ipecacuanha. 
 
 EMETIQUE, Antimonium tartarizatum, 
 Emetic. 
 
 EMETISER (F.). To cause vomiting by 
 
EMETO-CATHARSIS 
 
 330 
 
 EMPHYMA 
 
 emetics. In French pharmacy, it is, likewise, 
 used to signify the addition of emetine — tartrate 
 of antimony and potassa — to a medicinal pre- 
 paration. 
 
 EMETO-CATHARSIS, see Emeto-cathartic. 
 
 EM'ETO-CATHAR'TIC, Eni'eto-cathar'ticus, 
 from tjitrog, 'vomiting,' and xa^apriKoi, 'a purga- 
 tive.' A remedy, which at the same time excites 
 vomiting and purging — Em' eto-cathar'sis. 
 
 EMETOL'OG-Y, Emetolog"ia, Emeticolog"ia, 
 from £//£rof, 'vomiting,' and Xoyo?, 'a, discourse.' 
 A treatise on vomiting, and on emetics. 
 
 EM'INE:^CE, Eminen'tia, Protuberan'tia, Ex'- 
 Qche, Exanthe'ma. A projection at the surface 
 of a healthy or diseased organ. 
 
 EMINENCE PORTE ANTERIEURE, Lo- 
 bulus anonymus — e. Porte posten'eure, Lohulus 
 Spigelii — e. Sus-pubieniie, Mons veneris. 
 
 Eminences bigeminees, Quadrigemi- 
 
 Da corpora — e. Laterales, Corpora olivaria — e- 
 Pyramidales, Corpora pyramidalia — e. Vermi- 
 formes dii cervelet, Vermiformes processus. 
 
 EMINENTIA, Protuberantia — e. Annularis, 
 Pons varolii — e. Pyramidalis, Crista vestibuli — e. 
 Thyreoidea,PomumAdami — e. Tympani,Pyramid. 
 EMINEXTI^ BIGEMIN^E, Quadrigemina 
 tubercula — e. Candicantes, Mammillary Tubercles 
 — e. Lenticulares, Corpora striata — e. Magnse 
 cerebri, Thalami nervorum opticorum — e. Medi- 
 anas Internse, Corpora pyramidalia — e. Olivares, 
 Corpora olivaria— e. vales Laterales, Corpora oli- 
 varia — e. Pyramidales, Corpora pyramidalia — e. 
 Quadrigeminaj, Quadrigemina tubercula — e. Te- 
 retes. Processus teretes. 
 
 EMISSAIRE, Emunctory, 
 EMISSA'RIA SANTORI'NI, (F.) Emissaires 
 de Santorini. A name given to some small veins, 
 which communicate with the sinuses of the dura 
 mater, by apertures in the cranium. Such are the 
 parietal, posterior condyloid, mastoid veins, &«. 
 
 EMISSIO, Emission — e. Seminis, Sperma- 
 tismus. 
 
 EMIS'SIOX, Emis'sio, from emittere, (e, and 
 mittere, inisnum,) 'to send out,' 'drive out.' The 
 act by which any matter whatever is thrown from 
 the body. Thus, we say Emission of urine, Emis- 
 sion of semen, &c. 
 
 EMISSION SANGUINE, Bloodletting. 
 EMMEN'AGOGUES, Emmenago'ya, Emmeni- 
 ago'ga, Ame'nia, from e^uivn, 'the menses,' and 
 ayd), 'I drive.' or 'expel.' Men'ngogues. A name 
 given to medicines believed to have the power of 
 favouring the discharge of the menses. There 
 is probably no sui:)stance which possesses this 
 power directly. According to different condi- 
 tions of the system, the most opposite reme- 
 dies may act as emmenagogues. Black helle- 
 bore, savin, madder, 'polygala senega, and ergot, 
 are reputed to be specific emmenagogues. The 
 following list comprises the chief of them: — 
 Cunila Pulegioi'des; Helleborus Niger; Mentha 
 Pulegium; Rosmarinus; Rubia; Sabina; Secale 
 Cornutum : Senega, and Tanacetum. 
 
 EMMENAGOLOG"IA, from cftiinvaymya, and 
 'Xoya;, 'discourse.' A treatise of emmenagogues. 
 EMMENIA, Menses. 
 EMMENIAGOGA, Emmenagogues. 
 EMMENOLOG"IA,from qi/jriva, ' menses,' and 
 Xoyof, 'a discourse.' A treatise on menstruation. 
 EMMENOLOG"ICAL, Emmenolog"icus: same 
 etymon as the last. Relating or appertaining to 
 menstruation. 
 
 EMMYXIUM ARTICULARE, Hydrarthus. 
 
 EMOLLIEXTIA, Emollients. 
 
 EMOL'LIENTS, EmoUien'tia, Malthac'tica, 
 
 Helaxam'tia, Epiceras'tica, Malae'tica, Lubri- 
 
 can'tia, flfalacopo?' a, Slollien'tia, from emoUire, 
 
 'e, and mollire, 'to soften.') Substances which 
 
 relax and soften parts that are inflamed, or too 
 tense. They are used both internally and exter- 
 nally : as the former, however, consist of muci- 
 laginous substances, they are generally reckoned 
 as demulcents : the latter, or proper emollients, 
 consist of oils, cataplasms, fomentations, Ac. 
 Oleaginous bodies, rubbed on a part, act by di- 
 minishing its cohesion. Fomentations, in cases 
 of internal inflammation, act probably through 
 contiguous sympathy. The following are the 
 chief emollients: — Adeps ; Amygdalae Oleum; 
 Avense Farina; Cera: Cetaceum ; Linum ; Olivse 
 Oleum; Sesamum; Tritici Farina, and Ulmus. 
 
 EMOLLITIES, Mollities— e. Morbosa, Molli- 
 fies — e. Ossium, Mollities ossium — e. Uteri Mor- 
 bosa, Hysteromalacia. 
 
 EMOLLITIO, Mollities— e. Ventriculi, Gastro- 
 malacia. 
 
 EMONCTOIRE, Emunctory. 
 EMOPTOE. Hemoptysis. 
 EMOTIO, Delirium, Luxation, Passion. 
 EMO'TIONAL, from smotio, (e, 'from,' and 
 moveo, motum,' to move.') Relating to emotion 
 or passion independently of the will: — hence an 
 'emotional or instinctive impulse.' 
 EMPASMA, Cataplasma. 
 
 EMPATEMENT, from empdter, 'to render 
 pasty or doughy,' A non-inflammatory engorge- 
 ment, which retains, more or less, the impression 
 of the finger. 
 
 EMPATHE'MA, Ma'jiia a pathe'mate, (F.) 
 Manie sans deli re ; ungovernable passion ; from 
 e/i, 'in,' and TzaSog, 'suffering.' Fixed delusion. 
 EMPEIRIA, Experience. 
 EMPETRUM. Herniaria glabra. 
 EM'PHLYSIS, from en, 'in,' and ^Xvais, 'a 
 vesicular tumour or eruption ;' IcJi'orous Exan'- 
 thein. An eruption of vesicular pimples, filled 
 progressively with an acrid and colourless, or 
 nearly colourless, fluid; terminating in scurf or 
 laminated scabs. A genus in the order Exanthe- 
 rnatiea, class Hasmatiea of Good. 
 
 EirPHLYSis Aphtha, Aphthae, Stomatitis, aph- 
 thous — e. Erysipelas, Erysipelas — e. Miliaria, 
 Miliary fever — e. Pemphigus, Pemphigus — e. 
 Vaccina inserta. Vaccina — e. Varicella, Varicella. 
 EMPHR ACTIO, Emphracticus. 
 EMPHRACTICA, Physconia. 
 EMPHRACTICUS, Emphrac'tic, from cfidpar- 
 TM, (ill, and (ppaTTui, '1 shut up,') 'I close,' 'I 
 obstruct.' Eniplas'ticus, Eynplattom'enos. Any 
 substance which, when applied to the skin, was 
 presumed to close the pores. 
 
 EMPHRAG'MA, same etymon. Obturamen'- 
 ium, Impedimen'tum. Anything that obstructs. 
 Hippocrates uses this term to designate the ob- 
 stacle to delivery on the part of the foetus, when 
 the presentation is preternatural. 
 
 Emphragma Lacrtmale, Fistula laeryma- 
 lis — e. Salivare, Ranula. 
 
 EMPHRAX'IS, Obstruc'tio, Obtura'tio, Oj^pi- 
 la'tio, Infarc'tus, Infarc'tio, Farctus, Partus, In- 
 farc'tion. Same etymon. ' Obstruction.' An 
 Embarras or repletion of canals or cavities by 
 any substance, which is either morbid from quan- 
 tity or quality. 
 
 Emphraxis Hepatis, Hepatemphraxis. 
 EMPHYMA, Tumour — e. Encystis, Encystia 
 — e. Encystis atheroma. Atheroma — e. Encystis 
 ganglion. Ganglion, Testudo — e. Encystis meli- 
 ceris, Melieeris — e. Encystis steatoma, Steatoma 
 — e. Exostosis ossea. Exostosis — e. Exostosis pe- 
 riostea. Node — e. Sarcoma, Sarcoma — e. Sarcoma 
 adiposum. Adipose sarcoma — e. Sarcoma cellulo- 
 sum. Cystic sarcoma — e. Sarcoma mammarum, 
 Mammary sarcoma — e. Sarcoma pancreaticum, 
 Pancreatic sarcoma — e. Sarcoma scirrhosum. 
 Scirrhous sarcoma — e. Sarcoma tuberculosum. 
 
EMPHYSEMA 
 
 331 
 
 EMPLASTRUM 
 
 Tuberculate sarcoma — e. Sarcoma vasculosum, 
 Sarcomn, vascular. 
 
 EMPHYSE'MA, from cfi<(ivcau>, (cv, and (pvaaui, 
 'I blow/) 'I inflate.' Injia'tio, Empneumato'ais, 
 Sarci'tes flatuo'siis, Emphyse'ma ceUula're seu 
 pneumato'sis, Physon'eus, Tumor Jlutulen'tus, 
 Pneumato'sis, Infla'tion, Wind-dropsy, (F.) Em- 
 2)%yslme, Aerethymie. — Piorry. This term is com- 
 monly applied to any white, crepitant, shining, 
 elastic, indolent tumour of the integuments, 
 caused by the introduction of air into the areolar 
 texture, Aerodermecta'sia. Injuries of the larynx, 
 trachea, or lungs ; fractures of the ribs, or wounds 
 penetrating the chest, are the most frequent 
 causes of this affection, which is owing to the air 
 escaping from the air-passages, and insinuating 
 itself into the areolar texture surrounding the 
 wound. There are some cases of emphysema, 
 ■which are owing to internal causes; and hence a 
 division has been made into the accidental and 
 symptomatic, and the spontaneous and idiopathic. 
 Emphysema Abdominis, Tympanites. 
 Emphyse'ma of the Lungs, E. Pulmo'nvm, 
 Asthma aereum ah Emphyse'rnate Pulmu'num, 
 Pneumato'sis Pulmo'num, Pneumonec'tasis, Pneu- 
 mec'tasis, (F.) Pneumoectasie, Empihyseme du 
 Poumon. A considerable pressure or contusion 
 of the chest, or any violent concussion of the 
 lung, may produce a laceration in that viscus, 
 without injury being done to the parietes of the 
 thorax, and may give place to the infiltration of 
 air into the areolar texture, interloh'ular empjhy- 
 sema. Laennec has described another species of 
 emphysema of the lungs, Vesic'ular entphysema, 
 Aeropnenmonasie, Aeropneumonectasie of Piorry, 
 consisting in excessive dilatation of the air-cells, 
 some of which become as large as hemp-seed, ul- 
 timately break, and give rise to irregular vesicles 
 at the surface of the lung, some of which are as 
 large as a hazel-nut. Physical sirjns. The tho- 
 rax externally, generally or locally, appears un- 
 naturally convex and prominent. The intercos- 
 tal spaces are widened, but depressed. The 
 inspiratory efforts are increased. The sound on 
 percussion is morbidly clear, but not tympanitic. 
 On auscultation, the inspiratory murmur is feeble 
 or suppressed. The expiration, which is more 
 frequently audible, is prolonged, laborious and 
 wheezing. There are no certain physical signs 
 which can distinguish interlohidar ernp)}iysema 
 from the vesicular. 
 
 Emphysema under the pleuro-pulmonalis is 
 termed, by Piorry, Aerethmopjnenmonie. 
 
 Emphysema Pectoris, Pneumothorax — e. 
 Scroti, Physocele — e. Tympanites, Tympanites — 
 e. Uteri, Hysterophysis, Physometra. 
 
 EMPHYSEM'ATOUS, Emphysemato'sus; same 
 etymon. Relating or appertaining to emphysema. 
 EMPHYSEME, Emphysema— e. du Poumon, 
 Emph3''sema of the lungs. 
 
 EMPHYTUM THEEMUM, Biolychnium. 
 EMP'IRIC, Empi'ricus, from zfrnupia, (tv, and 
 xcipa, 'a trial,') 'experience.' One who follows 
 only experience. A sect of physicians, who re- 
 jected all theory, and took for their guide expe- 
 rience alone. It was opposed to the dogmatic 
 sect. The Empiric sect prevailed till near the 
 time of Galen. Among its most eminent mem- 
 bers, after Philinus and Serapion, were Apollo- 
 nius, Glaucias, Bacchius of Tanagra, and Zeuxis, 
 both disciples of Herophilus, — Heraclides of Ta- 
 rentum, Cleophantus, master of Asclepiades, Me- 
 nodotus of Nicomedia, and Theudas of Laodicea. 
 They occupied themselves, chiefly, with discover- 
 ing the properties of drugs, and did important 
 service, in this manner, to medicine. 
 
 At the present day, the word Empiric is only 
 taken in a bad sense, being employed in nearly 
 the same signification as charlatan or quack. 
 
 EMPIRICE, Empiricism. 
 
 EMPIP/ICISM ; same etymon. Empi'rica Ars, 
 Empi'rice, (F.) Empirisme. Medicine founded 
 on experience. It generally, at the present day, 
 signifies quackery. 
 
 E3IPIRISME, Empiricism. 
 EMPLAS'TICUS. Same etymon as the next. 
 Also, a remedy which adh-eres, as a plaster, to the 
 surface, and in this manner may obstruct the 
 pores : an emphractic. 
 
 EMPLASTRO-ENDERMIC, Endermic. 
 EMPLAS'TRUM, from the Greek tpLT:\a<sau>, 
 {tv, and Tv'XacBc.iv, 'to form,') 'I spread upon,' 
 (F.) Emplatre, Stearate. A solid and tenacious 
 compound, adhesive at the ordinary heat of the 
 human body. Some of the plasters owe their 
 consistence to wax and resin; and others to the 
 chemical union which takes place between the 
 semivitreous oxide of lead and oil. Most of 
 them become too consistent by age. When such 
 is the case, they may be remelted by a gentle 
 heat, and oil be added to them. 
 
 Emplastrum Adh^sivum, Emplastrum resinse 
 — e. Adha;sivum Woodstockii, see Sparadrapum 
 Adhsesivum — e. Alexandri, Alexandrine — e. de 
 Althffia, Unguentum de Althaea. 
 
 Emplastrum Ammoni'aci, Ammoni'acum Plas- 
 ter, [Ammoniac, pur. §v, acidi acetici dil. Oss. 
 Dissolve the ammoniac in the vinegar and strain : 
 then evaporate the solution by means of a water- 
 bath, stirring constantly until it acquires a proper 
 consistence. — Ph. U. S.) It is used as a discu- 
 tient plaster. 
 
 Emplastrum Ammoni'aci cum Hydrar'gyro, 
 Ammoniacum plaster with mercury (Ammoniaci 
 Ibj, hydrarg. ^iij, olei oliv. fgj, sulphur, gr. viij. 
 Rub the mercury with the oil until the globules 
 disappear, then add the ammoniac, previously 
 melted, and mix. Ph. U. S. 
 
 Emplastrum Andrew de Cruce, E. de pice et 
 resinis glutinans — e. Anglicum, see Sparadrapum 
 adheesivum. 
 
 Emplastrum Aromat'icum, Aromat'ic Plaster. 
 (Thuris ^uj, cera flavcB ^ ss, pulv. eort. cinnarti. 
 ^^vj, ol. ess. Piment., ol. ess. Limon. aa ^ij. Melt 
 the frankincense and wax together, and strain; 
 then add, as it cools, the cinnamon, previously 
 rubbed with the oils, and form a plaster. Ph. 
 Dubl.) Used as a stimulating plaster. 
 
 A spice plaster, made by incorporating pow- 
 dered cinnamon and any other spices with melted 
 suet, has been used in cholera infantum. It is 
 spread on leather or linen, and is renewed twice 
 in the twenty-four hours. 
 
 Emplastrum Assafce'tid^, E. antihyster'icum, 
 Assafoetida jilaster, (Emp. plumb., Assnfcet., sing. 
 Ibj, Oallan., Cera flava, aa Ibss, Alcohol, dilut. 
 Oiij. Dissolve the assafcetida and galbanum in 
 the alcohol, in a water-bath, strain while hot, and 
 evaporate to the consistence of honey; add the 
 lead plaster and wax previously melted together, 
 stir the mixture well, and evaporate to the proper 
 consistence. — Ph. U. S.) Used as an antispas- 
 modic and anodyne plaster. 
 
 Emplastrum Attrahens, E. cerae — e. Auricu- 
 lare, Hypotium. 
 
 Emplastrum Belladpn'NjE, Plaster of Bella- 
 don' na. [Empl. resin, giij, Ext. Belladon. 5iss. 
 Add the extract to the plaster, previously melted 
 in a water-bath, and mix. — Ph. U. S.) An ano- 
 dyne application in neuralgia and rheumatism. 
 
 Emplastrum Calefa'ciens, E. Picis cum can- 
 thar'ide, (Ph. U. S.) Calefa'cient plaster. Warm 
 plaster, (F.) Emplatre echaiiffant. (Cerat. can- 
 tharid (Ph. U. S.), Ibss, Picis ahiet. ftiijss. Melt 
 together, and form into a plaster. Ph. U. S.) 
 It is rubefacient and stimulant. 
 
 Emplastrum Canthabidis, E. lyttae — e. Can- 
 
EMPLASTRUM 
 
 332 
 
 EMPLASTRUM 
 
 ttaridis vesicatorii compositura, E. lyttaa comp. 
 — e. Cephalicum, E. picis comp. 
 
 EilPLASTRUM Cerae, E. simplex, E. At'trahens, 
 Wax plaster. {CercB flavm, Sevi Prcep. aa Ibiij, 
 resincB flavm ibj. Melt theui together and strain. 
 Ph. L.) It has been considered drawing. It is 
 stimulating. 
 
 EifPLASTRUM Cicu'TjE, E. de Cicu'td seu cnni'i 
 macula'ti, Ungnen'tum snl'idum de cicu'td. Hem- 
 lock plaster, (F.) Empldtre de Ctgue. (Resinw 
 abiet. 960 p. Cerce flar, 640 p. Picis albce, 448 p. 
 01. cicutce per decoct, praparat. 128 p. Fol cicnt. 
 recent. 2000 p. Melt the resins, wax and oil; 
 add the eieuta leaves, and boil; strain and add, 
 after having dissolved it in vinegar of squills and 
 cicuta juice, (lum ammoniac. 500 p. Ph. Par.) 
 it is used as a discutient, especially to scirrhous 
 tumours. 
 
 EMPLASTRUM CiTBiNuir, Unguentum de althaea 
 — e. Commune, E. Plumbi — e. Commune cum re- 
 sina, E. resinaj — e. Conii, E. cicutas. 
 
 EmplaSTRUM Cumi'ni, Cammin plaster. [Cumin, 
 semin., carui sent., lauri hacc. sing. g^'J' i^'c* 
 aridcs K)iij, cercB flavcB ,^iij. Melt the pitch and 
 wax together, then add the other ingredients. 
 Ph. L.) It is used as a warm discutient plaster. 
 
 EMPLASTRUM Diachylon, Diachylon, E. plumbi 
 — e. Divinum Nicolai, see Magnet — e. Emolliens, 
 Unguentum de althaea — e. Epispasticum, E. lyttee. 
 
 EmplaSTRUM Ferri, E. roh'orans, Iron Plaster, 
 Strength' ening Plaster. [Ferri suhcarh. §iij, Emp. 
 jjlumhi, ibij, Picis ahietis, Ibss. Add the sub- 
 earbonate of iron to the lead plaster and Bur- 
 gundy pitch previously melted together, and stir 
 constantly until they thicken upon cooling. — Ph. 
 U. S.) 
 
 Emplastrum Ferri Rubri, E. oxidi ferri mbri 
 — 0. Flavum, Unguentum de altheea — e. ad Fon- 
 ticulos, Ceratum Galeni. 
 
 Emplastrum Gal'baxi, Galb'anum, plaster, 
 (Empf. Utharg. Ibij, gum. galban. Ibss, certs flnva: 
 ^iv. Melt the galbanum before adding the plas- 
 ter and wax, then melt all together. Ph. D.) A 
 stimulant and discutient. 
 
 Emplastrum Gal'bani CoMPOs'iTOir. E. li- 
 thar'gyri eompos'itum, Diach'ylon magnum cvm 
 gnmmi, Comjyojaid galbanum pilaster. (Galb.^vWj, 
 Emp. plumbi, Ibiij, tereb. vulg. ^s, abietis resin. 
 contus. §iij. Melt the galbanum and turpentine 
 together, then mix in the resin, and afterwards 
 the plaster, previously melted. Ph. U. S.) It is 
 stimulant and discutient. 
 
 Emplastrum Glutinosum, see Sparadrapum 
 adhEesivum — e. cum Gummatibus, E. gummosum. 
 
 Emplastrum Gummo'sum, Emplastrum lithar'- 
 gyri cum gummi seu cum. gummat'ibus seu e gum- 
 mai'ibns resino'sis seu Ox'ydi Plumbi semivit'rei 
 gummo'sum, Gum. p>laster. Diachylon cum gummi. 
 Yellow or gum diach'ylon. [Emp. plumbi p. viii, 
 ammoniac, galbani, cerm flarcB, aa, p. i. Ph. E.) 
 Properties and uses like the last. 
 
 Emplastrum e Gummatibus Rbsinosis, E. 
 gummosum. 
 
 Emplastrum cum Gummi-Resi'nis, (F.) Em- 
 pldtre de gomme resine. Diachylon gomme, Plas- 
 ter of gum resins. [Emplastr. simpl. p. 1600, 
 cerm flavm, p. 96, picis albcB, p. 96, terebinth, p. 
 96. Melt by a gentle heat, and add gu7n ammo- 
 niac, p. 32, bdellium, 32, galban. 32, and sagap)e- 
 num, p. 32. Dissolve in a sufficient quantity of 
 alcohol, evaporate to the consistence of honey, 
 and mix carefully all together. Ph. P.) A dis- 
 cutient. 
 
 Emplastrum Hydrar'gyri, Emplastr. lithar'. 
 gyri cum hydrar'gyro, Ifercu.'.rial plaster. [Hy- 
 drarg. ^^vj, ol. oliv., resin, aa ^ij, emplast. plumbi, 
 Yb). Melt the oil and resin together, and when 
 cool rub the mercury with them till the globules 
 disappear; then gradually add the lead plaster, 
 
 previously melted, and mix all. Ph. U. S.) It is 
 stimulant, resolvent, and discutient. Applied as 
 a discutient to venereal and other tumours. 
 
 Emplastrum Hydrar'gyri Compos'itum, E. 
 de hydrar'gyro eompos'itum seu de Vigo cum mer- 
 cu'rio emenda'tum, Compound plaster of mer'cury. 
 [Empl. simpl. p. 1250, ceres flavcB, p. 64, resince, 
 p. 64. Melt, and before it congeals udd pulv. g. 
 ammoniac, p. 20, bdellium, p. 20, oliban. p. 20, 
 myrrh, p. 20, saffron, p. 12. Mix carefully, 
 Take of mercury, p. 380, pure turpentine, p. 64, 
 liquid and pto-e storax, p. 192. Triturate in an 
 iron mortar till the globules disappear: melt all 
 together, and before congealing add essential oil 
 of Lavender, p. 8. Phar. P.) The same pro- 
 perties as the last. 
 
 Emplastrum Ichthyocoll^ teLjE inductum, 
 see Sparadrapum adhaesivum — e. Irritans, E. 
 lyttae— e. Lithargyri, E. Plumbi — e. Lithargyri 
 compositum, E. galbani compositum — e. Lithar- 
 gyri cum gummi, E. gummosum — e. Lithargyri 
 cum hydrargyro, E. hydrargyri — e. Lithargyri 
 cum resina, E. resinse — e. Lithargyricum cum 
 resina pini, E. resinee. 
 
 Emplastrum LytTjE, E. canthar'idis seu can- 
 tharidis vesicato'rii seu mel'oee vesicatorii, E.vesi- 
 catorium,E. epispas'ticum seu e cantharid'ibus epis- 
 pas'tictim solid'ius et tena'cius hcerens seu irri'tans 
 seu rubefi'aiis, Plaster of the Spanish or blistering 
 fly, Blistering Plaster, Fly Plaster. [Cantharides, 
 in powder, Ibj, .Imp. eeras tbiss, adipis. prap. ftj. 
 Melt the plaster and lard together, and as the 
 mixture becomes thick, on cooling, sprinkle in 
 the flies, and mix. Pharm.L.) This is the com- 
 mon blistering plaster. Too much heat must not 
 be used in its preparation. It requires to remain 
 on six or eight hours before its full effect is in- 
 duced, and it acts sufficiently well, provided even 
 a piece of thin gauze or tissue paper be placed 
 between it and the skin, whilst absorption of the 
 flies is thus prevented. See Blister. The Blis- 
 tering Plaster of the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
 States, Cera'tum Canthar'idis. is made as follows: 
 — Cantharid. in pulv. subtiliss., Ibj, cercB flavm, 
 resina, aa ,^vij, adipis, ^x. To the wax, resin, 
 and lard, previously melted, add the Spanish 
 flies, and stir the mixture constantly until cool. 
 
 EiiPLASTRUM Lytt^ Compos'itum, E. can- 
 thar'idis vesicato'rii compos'itum seu mel'oes vesi- 
 cato'rii compos'itum, Compound pilaster of can- 
 thar'ides or Spanish flies. [Resin, liq.pini laricis. 
 p. 18, resincB concret. j)ini abietis, meloes vesicat. 
 aa p. 12, cercB flavm, p. 4, subacet. cvptri, p. ij, 
 semin. sinapis alb., fruct. pip. nigr. aa p. j. Melt 
 the pitch and wax, then add the turpentine, and 
 as these cool sprinkle in the other substances, in 
 the form of powder, so as to make a plaster. 
 Ph. E.) The same properties as the last, but 
 more energetic and speedy in its action. 
 
 Emplastrum Meloes Vesicatorii, E. lytta — 
 e. Meloes vesicatorii comp., E. lyttas comp. — e. 
 Mucilaginosum, Unguentum de althsea — e. Ni- 
 grum of Augsburg, see Magnet. 
 
 Emplastrum Norimbergen'se, E. ex ox'ido 
 plumbi rubro cam^jho'ratum, Emjyldtre de Nurem-, 
 berg, Nuremberg plaster. [Oxid. p)lumb. rnbr. p. 
 300, ol. oliv. p. 600, aquce, q. s. Boil until the 
 oxide is dissolved, and almost to dryness. Re- 
 move the vessel from the fire and add yelloxo icax, 
 p. 500. Put the vessel again on the fire, and 
 after the wax is melted, add, before it congeals, 
 camphor, .p. 24 : mix. Ph. P.) It is considered 
 a desiccative, and has been employed in gan- 
 grene. 
 
 Emplastrum Nygmaticum, E. resinse. 
 
 Emplastrum Opii, O'pium Plaster. [Opii in 
 pulv. §ij, Picis abiet. .^iij ; emplastr. plumbi ibj, 
 aq. bullient. f ,^iv. Melt together the lead plaster 
 and Burgundy pitch; then add the opium pre- 
 
EMPLASTRUM 
 
 333 
 
 EMPYEMA 
 
 viously mixed with the water, and boil over a 
 gentle fire to the proper consistence. — Ph. U. S.) 
 It is employed as an anodyne, and to give sup- 
 port. 
 
 Emplastrum Ox'idi Ferri Rubri, E. Ferri 
 rnbri seu Roh'orans, Plaster of red oxide of iron, 
 Strength' ening Plaster. {Empl. oxid. plumb, semi- 
 vitr. p. xxiv, resinas pin. p. vi, cera fiavcB, olei 
 olecB Euro]}, sing. p. iij, oxidi ferri ruhr. p. viij. 
 Rub the red oxide of iron with the oil, and add 
 the other ingredients melted. Ph. E.) It is 
 employed as a strengthening plaster. 
 
 Emplastrum ex Oxido plumbi semivitreo, 
 E. plumbi — e. Oxidi plumbi semivitrei, E. plumbi 
 — E. Oxidi plumbi semivitrei gummosum, E. gum- 
 mosum^e. Phoenieeum, Diapalma — e. ex Oxido 
 plumbi rubro compositum, E. Norimbergense 
 — e. Picis, E. Pieis Burgundicae, E. Picis com- 
 positum. 
 
 Emplastrum Picis BuRcnN'mc^, E. Picis, 
 Burgundy Pitch or Pitch Plaster, {Picis Bur- 
 gund. Ibvj, cera fiavcB, Ibss. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Emplastrum Picis Compos'itum, E. picis ce- 
 phal'icuin, Cephal'ic ^j/as?e)', Compound pitch 
 idaster. [Picis arid, ibij, nhietis resincp Ibj, 
 resina flavcB, cercB flavcB, aa .^iv, niyrist. ol. ^j, 
 ol. oliv., aqum, aa f^ij. To the pitch, resin, and 
 wax, melted together, add the other matters and 
 mix. Ph. L.) It is stimulant and rubefacient. 
 Sometimes used in headach, — applied to the tem- 
 ples. See Depilatory. 
 
 Emplastrum Picis cum Cantharide, E. Ca- 
 lefaciens. 
 
 Emplastrum de Pice et Resi'nis Gltj'ti- 
 nans, E. AndrecB de Cruce, Empildtre d'Andri de 
 la Croix, ou collant de 2)oix et de resines. Adhe- 
 sive plaster of pitch and resins. [Picis alb<s, p. 
 128, resin elemi, p. 32, terebinth, pur. p. 16, ol. 
 laur. p. 16. Melt with a gentle heat, and pass 
 tbrough linen. Ph. P.) Used in contusions and 
 fractures as a support. 
 
 Emplastrum Plumbi, E. hjthar'gyri seu eom- 
 mu'ne seu diach'ylum seu ox'idi plumhi semivi'- 
 trei seu ex oxido plumbi semivitreo, Binch'ylon 
 simjolex, White Diach'ylon, Lead or Diach'ylon 
 plaster. (^Plumbi oxid. semivitr. in pulv. Iby., 
 olei oliv., cong., aqucB Oij. Boil together over a 
 slow fire, stirring constantly until the oil and 
 oxide of lead cohere. Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Emplastrum Polychrestum, E. resinse. 
 Emplastrum Potass'ii Iod'idi, Plaster of I'o- 
 dide of Potass' ium [Potass, iodid. ^j, Thuris, ^vj ; 
 GercB, gvj, ol. oliv. f^ij. Ph. L.) This plaster, 
 spread on leather, is applied to indolent tumours. 
 Emplastrum Resi'nje, E. adhoBsi'vum seu U- 
 thar'gyri cutn resi'nd seu resino' sum seu nygniaf- 
 icum seu eommn'ne cum resi'nd seu Polychres'tum 
 seu lithargyr'icum cum resi'nd pini / Resin, Ad- 
 he'sive or Sticking plaster. (Resin, Ibss. emp. 
 pilumb. Ibiij. Melt the plaster, with a gentle heat, 
 add the resin, and mix. Ph. U. S.) Employed 
 in wounds and ulcers. 
 
 Baynton's adhesive plaster is made by melting 
 one pound of lead pjlaster and six drachms of 
 resin together. 
 
 Emplastrum Resinosum, E. Resinse — e. Ro- 
 borans, E. Ferri (Ph. U. S.), E. oxidi ferri rubri 
 — e. Rubefians, E. lyttse. 
 
 Emplastrum Sapo'nis, E. sapiona'eeum. Soap 
 plaster. [Saponis concis. qIv, emplast. plumb. 
 Ibiij. Mix the soap with the melted plaster, and 
 boil to a proper consistence. Ph. U. S.) It is a 
 mild discutient. Applied to tumours, corns, &c. 
 Emplastrum Simplex, E. cerse — e. Spermatis 
 ceti, Ceratum cetacei. 
 
 Emplastrum Thuris, Fran¥ incense plaster. 
 y^Emj). litharqyri, Ibij, thuris, Tbss, oxid. ferri. 
 
 rubr. ^iij, Ph. B.), Use .-—the same as the plaster 
 of red oxide of iron. 
 
 Emplastrum Vesicatorium, Blister, E. lyttse 
 — e. de Vigo cum mercurio emendatum, E. hy- 
 drargyri compositum. 
 
 EMPLATRE, Emplastrum— e. d' Andre de la 
 Croix, Emplastrum de pice et resinis glutmans — 
 e. de Cigue, Emplastrum eicuta — e. Collant de 
 poix et de resines, Emplastrum de pice et resinis 
 glutinans — e. de Gomme resine, Emplastrum cum 
 gummi-resinis — e, de Nuremberg, Emplastrum 
 Norimbergense. 
 
 EMPLATTOMENOS, Emphracticus. 
 EMPNEUMATOSIS, Emphysema, Inspira- 
 tion. 
 
 EMPOISONNEMENT, Poisoning. 
 EMPO'RIUM, (.fiKopiov, {ifx, ' in,' and TToptvia, 
 '1 transport or send.' The brain was so called, 
 of old, because there all the mental affairs are 
 transacted. 
 
 Emporium Spirituuji, Sensorium. 
 EMPOSIS, Imbibition. 
 EMPREINTE, Impression. 
 EMPRESIS, Empresma. 
 
 EMPRES'MA, Empres'mus, Empre'sis, from 
 i/x-pTj^o], ' future,' tinrprjaiji, ' I burn internally.' 
 Inflammation. Phlegma'tice membrano'sm et p)a- 
 rynchymato'scB, Phlogis'tici, Febres continucB in- 
 Jlam.mato'ricB, Inflamma'tio inter'na, Cau'ma, In- 
 ter'nal inflammation. A genus in the class 
 hcpmatica, order 2^hlogotica, of Good. 
 
 Empresma Bronchitis, Cynanche traehealis — 
 e. Bronchlemmitis, Cynanche traehealis — e. Car- 
 ditis, Carditis — e. Cephalitis, Phrenitis — e. Cys- 
 titis, Cystitis — e. Enteritis, Enteritis — e. Gastri- 
 tis, Gastritis — e. Hepatitis, Hepatitis — e. H3'ster- 
 itis. Metritis — e. Nephritis, Nephritis— e. Orchitis, 
 Hernia humoralis — e. Otitis, Otitis — e. Paristh- 
 mitis, Cynanche — e. Paristhmitis tonsillaris ma- 
 ligna, Cynanche maligna — e. Paristhmitis pha- 
 ryngea, Cynanche pharyngea — e. Paristhmitis 
 tonsillaris, Cynanche tonsillaris — e. Parotitis, Cy- 
 nanche parotideea — e. Peritonitis, Peritonitis — e. 
 Peritonitis mesenteriea, Mesenteritis — e. Periton- 
 itis omentalis, Epiploitis — e. Pleuritis, Pleuritis — 
 e. Pleuritis diaphragmatica, Diaphragmitis — e. 
 Pneumonitis, Pneumonia — e. Splenitis, Splenitis. 
 EMPRESMUS, Empresma. 
 EM'PRION, from ev, and Trpiuv, 'a saw.' Ser- 
 rated. Galen has given this name to the pulse, 
 when the sensation produced by the artery under 
 the fingers is analogous to that which would be 
 caused by the unequal teeth of a saw. 
 EMPliOSTHOCYRTOMA, Lordosis. 
 EMPROSTHOT'ONOS, Emprosthoton'ia, En- 
 ta'sia tet'anns anti'cus. Tetanus anticus, from 
 Cjiirpoa^ev, 'forwards,' and tcivw, '1 stretch, 'I 
 extend.' A variety of tetanus, in which the body 
 is drawn forwards by the permanent contraction 
 of the muscles, 
 
 EMPSYCHO'SIS, from cp4'vxo(o, (en, and 
 ^vX^j 'life,') 'I animate,' 'I vivify.' A word 
 formerly used for the act of animating. The union 
 of the soul with the body. 
 EMPTOE, Hemoptysis. 
 EMPTOICA PASSiO, Hemoptysis. 
 EMPTYSIS, Hemoptysis. 
 EMPTYSMA, Sputum. 
 EMPYE, Empyema. 
 
 EMPYE'MA, Empye'sis, Em'pye, from f/u, Mn,' 
 and Tivov, ' pus.' Aposte'ma empye'ma. A collec- 
 tion of blood or pus, and, conventionallj^, of other 
 fluid, in some cavity of the body, and particu- 
 larly in that of the pleura. Empyema is one of 
 the terminations of inflammation of the pleura, 
 and is called also, Pyotho'rax verus, Pleurorrhce'a 
 purulen'ta, Diapye'rna, Ecpye'ma, Ecpye' sis, Em- 
 pye'sis seu Pyo'sis pec'toris, Hydrotho'rax puru- 
 len'tus, Dysjmoe'a pyothorac"ica, Pneumo'nia 
 
EMPYESIS 
 
 334 
 
 EMULSUM 
 
 suppurate' ria, Ahsces'sus pee'toris seu Thora'cis, 
 Pleurajwste'ma, Fleuropye'sis, (F.) Empyeme, 
 Pyopleurite. 
 
 The operation for empyema properly means the 
 making of an opening into the thorax for the 
 purpose of giving issue to the matter collected in 
 the cavity of the pleura, although it has been 
 used for the operation required for the evacuation 
 of any fluid from the chest, or synonymously 
 with Parencentesis thoracis. 
 
 EMPYE'SIS ; same etymon. Suppuration. 
 An eruption of phlegmonous pimples, gradually 
 filling with a purulent fluid, and terminating in 
 thick scabs, frequently leaving pits or scabs. 
 Piis'tiilous Exan'them. A genus in the oxAer Ex- 
 anthematica, class HeBmatica of Good. See Em- 
 pyema. 
 
 Ehpyesis Ocdli, Hypopyon — e. Pectoris, Em- 
 pyema — e. Variola, Variola. 
 
 ExMPYMELIUM POLYSARCIA, Polysarcia 
 adiposa. 
 
 EMPYOCE'LE, from £/<, 'in,' -vov, 'pus,' and 
 Kr)\ri, 'tumour,' 'hernia.' A tumour, formed by 
 an accumulation of pus in the scrotum. Diffe- 
 rent diseases have been described under this 
 name, such as suppuration of the testicle, empy- 
 ema of the tunica vaginalis, accumulation of pus 
 in the cavity of a hernial sac, abscesses of dif- 
 ferent kinds formed in the cellular texture of the 
 scrotum, &a. 
 
 EMPYOM'PH ALUS, from £//, 'in,' ttvov, 'pus,' 
 and ofi^akoi, 'the navel.' This word has been 
 used to designate a suppurating tumour at the 
 umbilicus ; or, at times, umbilical hernia, the sac 
 of which is filled with blood. 
 EMPYOS, Purulent. 
 
 EMPYREU'MA, from tunvptvto, (t/i, and wp, 
 'fire,') 'I kindle.' The burnt smell and acrid 
 taste, which volatile products — gaseous and liquid 
 — contract, when animal or vegetable substances 
 are decomposed by a strong heat. The cause 
 of this smell is seated in an oil, called empyreit- 
 mat'ic, which does not exist in the substance sub- 
 jected to the operation, but is the result of its 
 decomposition. If the empyreuma occurs when 
 the organic substance is placed in a still with a 
 liquid, it is owing to the solid matter touching 
 the bottom of the vessel to which the fire is ap- 
 plied. 
 
 EMPYREUMAT'IC, Empyreumat'icus ; same 
 etymon. Belonging to empyreuma, — as an em- 
 pyreumatic odour. 
 
 EM'PYROS, Fehric" itans. Same etymon. 
 One who has fever. — Hippocrates. 
 
 EMS, MINERAL WATERS OP. Celebrated 
 springs on the river Lahn, duchy of Nassau. 
 They are thermal (from 83 to 115° Fahrenheit,) 
 and carbonated salines, containing carbonic acid, 
 bicarbonate of soda, and chloride of sodium ; and 
 are much used in gastric and intestinal affec- 
 tions, (fee. 
 
 EMUL'GENT, Emid'gens, from emidgere, (e, 
 and midgere, mulsum,) 'to milk out,' 'to draw 
 out.' A name given to the renal artery and vein, 
 because the ancients imagined they milked, as it 
 were, the urine through the kidneys. See Renal. 
 EMUL'SIFY, (F.) Emuhionner, from emulsio, 
 and fio, ' to become.' To make or form an emul- 
 sion. 
 
 EMULSIN, see Amygdalin. 
 EMUL'SIO, Einxd'sitm, Emid'sion; same ety- 
 mon. A pharmaceutical preparation, of a milky- 
 white opaque appearance, which is composed of 
 oil, divided and held in suspension in water by 
 means of mucilage. Emulsions have been di- 
 vided into the true and oily, and into the false 
 or not oily ; the latter being composed of resinous 
 
 substances, balsams, or campbor, rubbed up with 
 dilute alcohol, mucilage, or yolk of egg. 
 
 Emulsio Aca'ci^, E. Arah'ica, Gum Ar'ahic 
 Emid'sion. [Nucleor. amygd. comm. ^j, aqua: 
 Ibijss., mucilag. aeac. ^ij, sacch. ^iv. While 
 beating the decorticated almonds with the sugar 
 and water, add the mucilage. — Ph. E.) Used in 
 the same cases as the next. Under the name 
 Mistu'ra Aca'cicB, Gum Ar'ahic Mixture, the 
 Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia has the following. 
 ilucilag. AcacicB f^iij ; Amygdal. dulc. ^}, and 
 ^ij ; Saechar. ^v ; AqucB Oij, (Imper. meas.) 
 Blanch the almonds ; peel them ; beat to a smooth 
 pulp first with the sugar, and then with the mu- 
 cilage ; add the water gradually, stirring con- 
 stantly, and strain through linen or calico. 
 
 Emulsio Amyg'dal^, E. Simplex, Lac amyg'- 
 dalce, Amygdala' turn, Mistu'ra amygdalm, Emul- 
 sio sive Lac Amygdala'rum or Almond Emidsion ; 
 Mixture or Milk, (F.) Lait d'amandes. (Amyg- 
 dal. dulc. ^ss; AcaeicB, in pulv. ^^^s j Saechar. 
 ^ij ; Aqu(B destillat. f,^viij. Macerate the al- 
 monds in water, and having removed their ex- 
 ternal coat, beat them with the gum Arabic and 
 sugar, in a marble mortar, till they are thoroughly 
 mixed ; then rub the mixture with the distilled 
 water gradually added, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) 
 It is used as a diluent and demulcent. 
 
 Emulsio Antihysterica, Mistura asafoetidse 
 — e. Arabiea, Emulsio acacise Arabicae. 
 
 Emulsio Cam'phoRjE.jE'. Camphora'ta, Ifistu'ra, 
 CamphorcB ; Camphor Emidsion. (Camphorce'^j, 
 amygd, com. decortic, sacch. dur., aa ^i'v, aqucB 
 ^vj. — Ph. E.) A convenient form for giving 
 camphor. 
 
 Emulsio Guaiacina, Mistura guaiaci — e. Le- 
 niens, Looch ex ovo. 
 
 Emulsio O'lei Amygdala'rum j Emulsion of 
 Oil of Almonds, (01. amygd. ,^j, gum acac. pulv. 
 ^ij, syrup, ^j, aqucB destill. ^iv. Mix. A good 
 pectoral or cough mixture. 
 
 Emulsio O'lei Ric"ini; Castor Oil Emulsion 
 (01. ricini ^ss, vitelli ovi q. s., aqua destillat. ^j.) 
 An aperient draught. 
 
 Emulsio O'lei Terebin'thin^ ; Emulsion of 
 Oil of Tur'pentine, (01. tereh. reet. ^ij, sacch. 
 alh. ,^ss, vitell. ovi i, emuls. amygd. vel aqua de- 
 stillat. ^v}. Mix. In rheumatic and nephritic 
 aff'ections. Dose f^iss. 
 
 Emulsio Oleosa, Looch ex ovo. 
 
 Emulsio Purgans cum Jala'pj? Resi'na, 
 Purging Emulsion with Resin of Jalap. (Ja- 
 lapcR resin, gr. xij. sacch. alb. ^ij. Triturate for 
 some time, and add gradually half the yolk of 
 an egg; continue to triturate, adding by degrees 
 emxds. simpl. ^v, aq. flor. aurant. ^ij. — Ph. P.) 
 
 Emulsio Purgans cum Scammo'nio,- Purging 
 Emulsion with Scammony. It is prepared like 
 the preceding, substituting only Scammony for 
 the jalap. 
 
 Emulsio Simplex, E. Amygdalae. 
 
 EMULSION, Emulsio — e. Almond, Emulsio 
 amygdalae — e. Camphor, Emulsio Camphorae — e. 
 Castor oil, Emulsio olei ricini — e. Gum Arabic, 
 Emulsio acacias Arabicse — e. Huileuse, Looch ex 
 ovo — e. of Oil of Almonds, Emulsio olei amygda- 
 larum — e. of Oil of Turpentine, Emulsio olei tere- 
 binthinaj — e. Purging, with resin of jalap, Emul- 
 sio purgans cum jalapas resina — e. Purging, with 
 scammony, Emulsio purgans cum scammonio. 
 
 E3TULSI0NNER, Emulsify. 
 
 EMUL'SIVE, Emidsi'vus ; same etymon. An 
 epithet given to seeds whence oil may be ex- 
 tracted by expression; such as almonds, apricots, 
 peaches, hemp, rape, melons, gourds; those of 
 the nut kind, and cucurbitaceous and cruciferous 
 plants in general. 
 
 EMULSUM, Emulsion. 
 
EMUNCTORIUM 
 
 385 
 
 ENCEPHALOIIE 31 IE 
 
 EMUNCTORIUM, Emunctory— e. Cerebri, 
 Nasus. 
 
 EMUNCTORY, Emuncto' rium,hom emuugere, 
 (e, and mungere, munctuni,) 'to drain off,^'to 
 cleanse.' Emissa'rium, (F.) Emonctoire, Eniis- 
 saii-e. Any organ wliose office it is to give issue 
 to matters which ought to be excreted. The an- 
 cients believed that some organs were more par- 
 ticularly destined to serve as emunctories of 
 others ; the nasal fossae, for example, they believed 
 to be the emunctories of the brain. 
 EMUNDANTIA, Detergents. 
 EMYS PALUS'TRIS, Salt Water T^.r'rapin. 
 This species of turtle is found exclusively in salt 
 or brackish waters, near the sea shore, along the 
 whole Atlantic coast. It is much prized by the 
 epicure, and is nutritious and tolerably easy of 
 digestion when dressed plain. 
 EN, see Em. 
 
 ENADELPHIA, Emhoitement. 
 ENiEMA, Hamostatica, 
 EN^MON, Styptic. 
 
 EN^ORE'MA, from tv, 'in,' and aiupco), 'I 
 lift up,' 'that which hangs or floats in.' (F.) 
 Eneorhne. The Neph'ele, Nuhes, Suhlimamen'- 
 tum, Snhlima'tio, Sahli'me, Suapen'sum, S. Uri'- 
 nce, Susjyen'sa, Niihec'ula or cloud, which is sus- 
 pended in the urine as it cools. 
 
 ENAMEL, E. of the teeth, {en, and (F.) email,) 
 Den'tium Nitor, Cortex, C. stria'ta, Subatan'tia 
 filamento'aa of Malpighi, S. Adaman'tina seu 
 vit'rea, Crusta Den'tium adaman'tina, Adaman- 
 tine or vitreous substance. (F.) Substance vitree 
 ou emaillee. Email des Dents. The substance 
 which covers the corouEs of the teeth. The ena- 
 mel is of a milky white colour, and sufficiently 
 hard to strike fire with steel. Its surface is very 
 smooth and polished, and it forms a thicker 
 layer towards the part where the teeth come in 
 contact, and becomes thinner towards the cervix. 
 The fibres of the enamel are perpendicular to the 
 surface of the teeth, on the ivory of which they 
 seem, as it were, planted. This gives them a 
 velvety appearance, when examined by the mi- 
 croscope. The enamel has no blood vessels, and 
 is not renewed when removed. It is formed of 
 phosphate of lime, and a very small portion of 
 animal matter. A delicate membrane covers the 
 enamel — cuticle of the enamel, Nasmyth's mem- 
 brane; but so closely united .with it, that it can 
 be demonstrated only by the use of chlorohydric 
 acid. 
 
 Enamel, Cuticle of the, see Enamel. 
 ENANTHE'MA, same etymon as the next. 
 A name recently given to certain eruptions of the 
 mucous membrane, as exanthema is to certain 
 eruptions of the skin. 
 
 ENANTHE'SIS, from tv, 'in,' and av^u^, 'I 
 flourish.' Rash exan'them. Eruption of red, level 
 or nearly level, patches, variously figured, irre- 
 gularly difi'used, often confluent, and terminating 
 in cuticular exfoliations. A genus in the order 
 Exanthematioa, class EoBmatica, of Cullen, inclu- 
 ding scarlet fever, measles, &,c. 
 
 Enanthesis Rosalia, Scarlatina — e. Urticaria, 
 Urticaria. 
 
 ENANTIOPATHIC, Palliative. 
 ENARTHRO'SIS, Inarticula'tio, Ball and 
 Socket-joint) from tv, 'in,' and ap-ifpuo-i?, 'an arti- 
 culation.' A kind of diarthrodial articulation, in 
 which the head of a bone is received into the 
 cavity of another, and can be moved in all direc- 
 tions. The joint of the os femoris with the os- 
 innominatum is one of this character. 
 
 ENAR'THRUM, from bv, 'in,' and apdpov, 'a 
 joint.' A foreign body in a joint. 
 ENAUSMA, Fomites. 
 ENCAN'THIS, from cv, 'in,' and KavOog, 'the 
 
 angle of the eye.' A tumour, formed by an in" 
 crease in size, or a degeneration, of the caruncula 
 lacrymalis. Any morbid growth in the inner 
 angle of the eye. 
 
 Encaxthis Benig'na. Simple excrescence of 
 the caruncula. It commonly yields to astringent 
 coUyria. 
 
 Encanthis Fungo'sa. a condition of the se- 
 milunar fold and lachrymal caruncle, in which 
 they are the seat of morbid growths. 
 
 Encanthis Inflammato'ria. Inflammation 
 with enlargement — swelling — of the semilunar 
 fold and lachrymal caruncle. 
 
 Encanthis Malig'na has often a canceroiia* 
 character, and requires extirpation before it has 
 attained any considerable size. 
 ENCARDITIS, Endocarditis. 
 ENCARPOS, Pregnant. 
 ENCASING, Emhoitement. 
 ENCATALEPSIS, Catalepsy. 
 ENCATHIS'MA, Semieu'pium. With the an- 
 cients Encathis'ma, iyKabiujia, {tv, and Kafii^oj, 'I 
 seat upon,') meant a vapour-bath taken sitting. 
 
 ENCAU'MA, from tv, 'in,' and Kavm, 'I burn.' 
 Ejjicau'mis, Epicau'sis, Encau'sis. A tumour 
 produced by a burn. A burn. Also, an ulcer 
 of the transparent cornea, occasioning loss of the 
 humours. — Aetius, Gorr^us. 
 
 ENCAUSIS, Burn, Eneauma, Moxibustion. 
 ENCAUSSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. En- 
 causse is a village in the department of the 
 Haute-Garonne, which possesses several saline, 
 acidulous springs. 
 
 EXCAVURE, Argema. 
 ENCEINTE, Pregnant. 
 ENCENS, Juniperus lycia. 
 ENCENSIER, Rosmarinus. 
 ENCEPHALALGIA, Cephalalgia— e. Hydro- 
 pica, Hydrocephalus internus. 
 
 ENCEPHAL'IC, Eneejjhal'icus, from tv, 'in,' 
 and Kt(paXti, 'the head.' That which is situate in 
 the head. A name given to several parts which 
 relate to the encephalon, as the encephalic mem- 
 brane, muscles, <fec. 
 
 ENCEPHALI'TIS, from Encephalon, and His, 
 denoting inflammation. This term has been used, 
 by some nosologists, synonymously with Cepha- 
 li'tis and Phreni'tis. By others, it has been ap- 
 propriated to inflammation of the brain, in con- 
 tradistinction to that of the membranes. 
 
 Encephalitis Exsudatoria, Hydrocephalus 
 internus — e. Infantum, Hydrocephalus internus 
 — e. Insolationis, Coiip-de-soleil — e. Membranosa, 
 Meningitis — e. Peripherica, Meningitis — e. Pota- 
 torum, Delirium tremens. 
 
 ENCEPHALIUM, Cerebellum. 
 ENCEPHALOCE'LE, from encephalon, and 
 Kv^n, 'a tumour.' Hernia seu Funffus Cerebri, 
 Crain'oce'le, Hernia of the Brain. This may be 
 a congenital or accidental afi'ection. In the for- 
 mer case, it is dependent upon tardy ossification 
 of the fontanelles or some faulty conformation. 
 In the latter, it is owing to some considerable 
 loss of substance in the parietes of the cranium, 
 produced by fractures, wounds with a cutting 
 instrument, caries, the application of the tre- 
 phine, &c. In slight congenital encephalocele, 
 gentle pressure may be exerted upon the protruded 
 portion. When the disease is of considerable 
 extent, it is fatal. In accidental encephalocele, 
 similar means must be used for confining the 
 tumour, and preserving it from the action of 
 external bodies. 
 
 ENCEPHALOCHTSIS, Hydrocephalus inter- 
 nus — e. Senilis, Apoplexy, serous. 
 ENCEPHALODTNIA, Cephalalgia. 
 ENCEPHALOH^MIA, Cephalfemia. 
 ENOEPHALOHEMIE, Cephal^mia. 
 
ENCEPHALOID 
 
 336 
 
 ENCYSTIS 
 
 ENCEPH'ALOID, EncepTialoVdes, Ceph'aloid, 
 CepJialo'i'des, Cephalo'ma, from encejjhalon, and 
 siSos, 'resemblance.' Laennec has given the term 
 Enceph'ahnd or Cer' chriform matter to one of 
 the morbid substances commonly formed by scir- 
 rhous or cancerous tumours. It is either encysted, 
 in irregular masses without cysts, or infiltrated 
 into the texture of the diseased organ. This 
 name was given to it in consequence of its re- 
 semblance, when fully developed, to the medul- 
 lary substance of the brain. It is also called 
 Fungus ntednlla'ris seu Cancro'sus medulla'ris 
 seu Cerebra'lis, Snrco'ma medulla' re, Spongoid 
 itiflammation, Cancer cerehrifor'me seu mollis seu 
 medxdla'ris, Carcino'ma viedulla' re seu spongio'- 
 8um, Carci'nns spongio'sus, Struma fvngo'sa, Mye- 
 lo'ma, Myelom'yces, Bfyelospon'gns, Tela acciden- 
 ta'lis medulla'ris, (F.) Mafiere cerehriforme, Car- 
 cinome mou et spongeux, Tumeur enceplialoide ou 
 spongieuse ou ossii'ore ou p)ulpe\ise ou fongo'ide 
 ou fongueuse ou spileniforme, Fongus medullaire, 
 Careinome sanglant, Cancer mou ou encephalo'ide 
 ou medullaire ; 3Iilt-like tumour, Med' idlary sar- 
 coma, Cel'lular cancer, Fungoid or HcBinatocer'- 
 ebriform disease. See Cancer. 
 
 Encephaloid Tumour of the Luns, Phthisis, 
 cancerous. 
 
 ENCEPHALOLOG"IA, from encejohalon, and 
 \oyo(, 'a description.' A description of the en- 
 cepbalon. 
 
 ENCEPHALOMALACIA, Mollities cerebri. 
 
 ENCEPHALOMALAXIS, Mollities cerebri. 
 
 ENCEPHALO-MENINGITIS, Meningo-ce- 
 phalitis. 
 
 ENCEPH'ALON, Enceph' aluvi, EncepTi'alus, 
 E nlceph' alon ; from s.v, 'in,' and Kz(pa\r), 'the 
 head.' That which is situate in the head. This 
 name has generally been given to the brain, cere- 
 bellum, and mesocephalon. At times, it includes 
 likewise the medulla, spincdis, when it is also called 
 the Cer'ebro-spinal, and Neural axis. Under 
 the term Craniospinal axis or centre of automa- 
 tic actions, Dr. Carpenter includes the sensory 
 ganglia — the respiratory and stomato-gastric 
 ganglia forming the centre of the medulla ob- 
 longata and the spinal ganglia or true spinal 
 cord. 
 
 ENCEPHALOPATHI'A, (F.) Encfphalopa- 
 thie, from encephalon, and nados, 'disease.' A 
 disease of the encephalon. 
 
 Encephalopathia Literato'rum. The con- 
 dition of brain, supposed to be produced by over- 
 tasking it. 
 
 Encephalopathia Puerperalis, Mania, puer- 
 peral — e. Saturnina, see Encephalopathie satur- 
 nine. 
 
 ENCEPHAL OP A TRIE, Encephalopathia — 
 e. Crapuhuse, Delirium tremens. 
 
 ENCEPHALOPATHIE SATURNINE, En- 
 eepjialopathi'a Saturni'na. Encephalic disorder 
 occasioned by the poison of lead. 
 
 ENCEPHALOPHY'MATA, Phymato'ses seu 
 Strnmo'ses seu Tuber' cxda cer'ebri ; from ence- 
 phalon, and ipvjua, (pvixarog, 'a tumour.' Tuber- 
 cles of the brain. 
 
 ENCEPHALOPHTHISIS, see Encephalopyo- 
 sis. 
 
 ENCEPHALOPYO'SIS, from encephalon, and 
 TTVov, 'pus.' Aposte'tna sen Absces's)ts seu Helco'- 
 sis cer'ebri. Suppuration of the brain. When 
 accompanied with emaciation and hectic, it is 
 called Encephalopthi'sis. 
 
 ENCEPHALO-RACHIDIAISr, Cephalo-spinal. 
 
 ENCBPHALORRHAGIA, see Apoplexy. 
 
 ENCEPHALOSCOPIA, Craniology. 
 
 ENCEPHALOSEPSIS, Mollities cerebri. 
 
 ENCEPHALOSIS OF THE LIVER, Hepato- 
 scirrhus. 
 
 ENCEPHALOSISMUS, Concussion of the 
 brain. 
 
 ENCEPHALOSTRUMOSIS, see Hydrocepha- 
 lus internus. 
 
 ENCEPHALUM, Encephalon. 
 
 ENCEPHALUS OPISTHIUS, Cerebellum. 
 
 ENCEROSIS, Inceration. 
 
 ENCHARAXIS, Scarification. 
 
 ENCHA TONNEiMENT, Chatonnement. 
 
 ENCHEIRE'SIS, jE)ic/»Ve's!'«, Enchei'ria, from 
 tv, and x^^P' '^^^ hand.' Galen uses this term as 
 a part of the title to one of his works, which treats 
 of dissection. It means the manual treatment of 
 any subject. 
 
 ENCHEIRIA. Encheiresis. 
 
 ENCHIFRENEMENT, Coryza. 
 
 ENCHIRESIS, Encheiresis. 
 
 ENCHOXDROMA, Chondroma. 
 
 ENCHORIOXOSUS, Endemic. 
 
 ENCHORIOS, Endemic. 
 
 ENCHRISTON, Liniment. 
 
 ENCHYLOSIS, Extraction. 
 
 ENCHYMA, Infusum, Plethora. 
 
 ENCHYMO'MA, Enchymo'sis, from £v, and 
 X'"^< ' I pour.' Bj' the ancients, this word was 
 used to designate the sudden effusion of blood 
 into the cutaneous vessels, which arises from joy, 
 anger, or shame; in the last instance constituting 
 blushing. It differs from ecchymosis in there 
 being, in the latter, extravasation of blood into 
 the areolar texture, and its being produced by 
 an external cause ; a contusion, for example. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 ENCHY9IS, Infusion. 
 
 ENCLA VE, Wedged. 
 
 ENCLA VEMENT, see Wedged. 
 
 ENCLUME, Incus. 
 
 ENCLYDAS'TICOS, intus flitc'tuans, from ty- 
 K'XvSa^o/iai, (£>', and x^u^o), 'I wash.') 'to float in.' 
 Applied to liquids, e. g., to serum, pus, &c., con- 
 tained in any cavity. 
 
 ENCLYSMA, Clyster, Enema. 
 
 ENCCE'LIA, from tj/, 'in,' and xot'Xia, 'the 
 belly.' The abdominal viscera. The entrails, 
 
 ENCCELIALGIA, Tormina — e. Inflammatoria, 
 Encoelitis. 
 
 ENCCELI'TIS, Enccelii'tis, Enca;lialg"ia in- 
 Jlammato'ria, Injiamma'tio abdomina'lis ; from 
 tyKoiXia, 'the abdominal contents,' and itis, in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of any of the abdo- 
 minal viscera. 
 
 ENCOLPIS'MUS, from cv, 'in,' and KoAiroy, 
 'the vagina.' Injection or introduction of any 
 thing into the vagina. 
 
 ENCOLPI'TIS, Oolpopihlegmhymeni'tis ; from 
 tv, 'in,' Ko\TTOi, 'the vagina,' and itis, denoting 
 inflammation. Inflammation of the lining mem- 
 brane of the vagina. 
 
 ENCOPE, Diacope, Incision. 
 
 ENCRANION, Cerebellum. 
 
 ENCRANIS, Cerebellum. 
 
 ENORE, Atramentum. 
 
 ENCYESIS, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 ENCYMON, Pregnancy. 
 
 ENCYMOSIA, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 ENCYSIS, Pregnancy. 
 
 ENCYST'ED, Cystide obduc'tus, Sacca'tus, 
 Saccula'ttis, Sac'cated, Sac'culated, Pouched. 
 Enclosed in a kyst or cyst, or pouch ; from cv, 
 'in,' and kocttij, 'bladder.' (F.) Enlnjste. An 
 epithet given to certain tumours, or solid or fluid 
 collections enclosed in a particular envelope or 
 cyst. They are movable and often elastic to the 
 touch. 
 
 ENCYS'TIS, Tumor tuniea'tus seu cys'ticus, 
 Emphy'ma eneys'tis. Same etymon. Lu'pia, 
 Glan'dula Avicen'ncB, Nodus. An encysted tu- 
 mour. 
 
ENDADELPHIA 
 
 ENDOSMOTIC 
 
 ENDADELPHIA, see Emhoitement. 
 ENDAN'G-IUM; properly Eiidangi'on ot En- 
 daiigi'um, llembra'na vaso'rum commu'tiis, (F.) 
 Tauiqiie commune de Bichat; from evSov, 'within, 
 and ayyeiov, 'a vessel.' The serous or lining 
 membrane of vessels. 
 
 ENDEICTICOS. Indicant. 
 ENDEIX10L"0GY, Endeixiolocf'ia, from tv- 
 Sci^i?, {ev, and ieiKvvui, 'I show,') 'indication,' and 
 Xuyog, 'a discourse.' The doctrine of indications. 
 ENDEIXIS, Indication. 
 ENDEMIA, Endemic. 
 
 ENDEM'IC, Endem'i'cal, Ende'mia, Eeijiona'- 
 lis morbus, Endem'icus ; from iv, 'in,' and Sni^os, 
 'the people;' Encho'i-ios, Eiickorion'osus, Ver- 
 7inc'ulus seu Endemius mor'bus, Endemy, (E.) 
 Endemie, 3faladie regionale. A disease said to 
 be endemic, (F.) Endemiqiie, or to arise from 
 endemic"iti/, (F.) endemicite, when it is owing 
 to some peculiarity in a situation or locality. 
 Thus, ague is endemic in marshy countries ; 
 goitre at the base of lofty mountains, &a. Some 
 authors use the term in the same sense as epide- 
 mic. We have no accurate knowledge of the 
 emanations or other circumstances which give 
 occasion to endemic affections. We seem to know 
 that some emanation from marshy lands does 
 produce intermittents; but we are ignorant of 
 the nature of such emanation. 
 ENDEMICITE, see Endemic. 
 ENDEMICITY, see Endemie. 
 ENDEMIOL'OGY, Endemiolog"ia, from 'en- 
 demic,' and 'Koyoi, 'a discourse.' The doctrine of 
 endemic diseases. 
 
 ENDEMTQUE, Endemic. 
 ENDEMY. Endemic. 
 ENDEPIDERMIS, Epithelium. 
 ENDER'MIC, Eiider'micus, Endermat'iena, 
 Emplas'tro-endermic, (F.) Endermique, from tv, 
 a,ndi itpiia, 'the skin.' An epithet given to the 
 method of treating diseases by placing the thera- 
 peutical agent in contact with the skin, especially 
 after the cuticle has been removed; Enderm'ism, 
 Eiidermis'mus, Endermo'sis, Bleth'ndus ender'mica 
 seu endermnt' ica, Diadermatri'n. Morphia, 
 strychnia, &c., are often administered in this 
 way. 
 
 ENDERMIS, see Endermic. 
 ENDERMISMUS, see Endermic. 
 ENDERMOSIS, see Endermic. 
 EN'DESIS, from tv, 'in,' and to, 'I bind.' 
 A ligature, bandage, connexion. Hippocrates 
 has so termed the ankle-joint. 
 
 ENDIVE, Ciohorium endivia — e. Wild, Cicho- 
 rium intybus. 
 
 ENDIVIA, Cichorium endivia. 
 ENDIXIS, Indication. 
 
 ENDO, from tv&ov, 'within.' A common prefix, 
 as in the following terms : 
 
 ENDO-AORTI'TIS, from sv^sov, 'within,' and 
 aortitis, 'inflammation of the aorta.' Inflamma- 
 tion of the lining membrane of the aorta. 
 ENDO-ARTERITIS, see Arteritis. 
 ENDOBLAST, see Periblast. 
 ENDOGARDE, Endocardium. 
 ENDOCAR'DIAC, Endocar' dial, Endocardi'- 
 ttcus : same etymon as the next. Relating to the 
 endocardium, or to the interior of the heart; as 
 ' endocardiac sound or murmur,' — a sound pro- 
 duced within the cavities of the heart, in contra- 
 distinction to exocardiac or exocardial sounds or 
 murmurs, which are induced by conditions of the 
 external surface of the organ. 
 - ENDOCARDI'TIS, Encarditis, Cardi'tis in- 
 ter'nn, Inflamma'tio SHperfic"iei inter'ncp. cordis, 
 Inter'nal Carditis, luflamma'tion of the infernal 
 membrane of the heart, (F.) Endocardite, from en- 
 docard'iiim, the lining membrane of the heart, 
 22 
 
 and itis, inflammation. In this disease, the 
 heart's action is visibly increased, and very mani- 
 fest to the touch ; the hand is strongly repelled, 
 and, at moments, is sensible of a trembling vi- 
 bratory motion. Percussion gives a dull sound 
 over a surface of several inches, owing, accord- 
 ing to Bouillaud, to the inflammatory turgescence 
 of the heart, and the engorged state of its cavi- 
 ties. On auscultation, a bruit de soufflet is gene- 
 rally heard, masking one or both sounds of the 
 heart; and the ear is sensible of a metallic ring- 
 ing with each systole of the ventricle. The pul- 
 sations are rapid as well as strong, and, with few 
 exceptions, irregular, unequal and intermittent. 
 The pulse, by the way, does not always indicate 
 the force or number of the heart's contractions. 
 
 ENDOCAR'DIUM, from tv&ov, 'within,' and 
 (cap^ia, ' the heart.' (F.) Endocarde. The mem- 
 brane that lines the interior of the heart. 
 ENDOCHORION, see Chorion, 
 ENDOCOLITIS, Dysentery. 
 END0CY3IIEN, from cv&ov, 'within,' and xvjta, 
 'the product of conception.' A double monster 
 by inclusion — Isidore G-. St. Hilaire. See Ein- 
 boitement. 
 
 ENDODONTI'TIS, (F.) Inflammation de la 
 Pulpe dentaire. Inflammation of the Dental mem- 
 brane, from tv^ov, ' within,' oSovs, oiovrog, ' a tooth,' 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
 of the lining membrnne of a tooth. 
 ENDO-ENTERITIS, see Enteritis. 
 ENDOGASTRI'TIS, Esogastri'tis ; from ivSov, 
 'within,' and gastritis, 'inflammation of the sto- 
 mach.' Inflammation of the lining membrane 
 of the stomach. 
 ENDOGEN, see Endogenous. 
 ENDOG"ENOUS; from tvSov, 'within,' and 
 yEvvad), ' I engender.' A term first applied to 
 plants — hence called End'ogens — in which the 
 new woody matter is deposited within the old, 
 and towards the centre. In the animal, cells are 
 often formed endogenous?!/, or within the cells, as 
 in the case of the sperm vesicles. 
 
 An endog"enous aneurism is one that originates 
 spontaneously from lesions of the inner coat of 
 the arteries. 
 
 ENDOLYMPH, Vitrine auditice. 
 ENDOMETRI'TIS, from tviov, 'within,' and 
 metritis, 'inflammation of the uterus.' Inflam- 
 mation of the lining membrane of the uterus. 
 When accompanied with a diphtheritic exudation, 
 it is sometimes called Endometri'tis croupo'sa. 
 ENDONARTERITIS, see Arteritis. 
 ENDOPHLEBITIS, Phlebitis. 
 ENDOPLAST, see Periplast. 
 END0R3IIE, Datura stramonium. 
 ENDOSIS, Remission. 
 ENDO-SKELETON, see Skeleton. 
 ENDOSMOSE, Endosmo'ais, Double Iin. 
 bibit"ion, from tvdov, 'within,' and iiiaixai, 'Im- 
 pulse.' A term first used by Dutrochet, to ex- 
 press the action by which fluids pass from with- 
 out to within organic membranes. The action 
 of two fluids on each other, when separated by a 
 membrane. The general conditions of the phe- 
 nomena are* — first, that they should have an 
 afiinity for the interposed membrane; and se 
 condJy, that they should have an aflSnity for each 
 other, and be miscible. 
 
 At the present day, endosmose is generally used 
 to signify the passage of the more transmissible 
 fluid, whilst exosmose signifies that of the least 
 transmissible. The rapidity with which endos- 
 mose is accomplished varies according to the 
 nature of the septum or tissue and of the pene- 
 trating body, and to the penetrability of the tissue. 
 ENDOSMIC, Endosmotic. 
 ENDOSMOT'IC, Endosmot'icua, Endoe'mic, 
 
ENDOSTEITIS 
 
 338 
 
 ENGOUEMENT 
 
 Endos'micits; same etymon. Belonging to en- 
 dosmose : — as an ' endosmotic current.' 
 
 ENDOSTEI'TIS, from eviov, 'within,' ocreov, 
 ' a bone,' and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of the internal periosteum. 
 ENDOSTEUM, Medullary membrane. 
 ENDOUTERITIS, see Metritis. 
 ENDUIT (F.), from induere, 'to put upon,' 
 'to put on.' A coat ; a fur. This term is often 
 applied to a layer of greater or less thickness 
 which covers the surface of certain organs, and 
 particularly of the tongue and the interior of the 
 mouth. The enduit is designated variously, ac- 
 cording to its appearance, — enduit hilieux, jaune, 
 b/anc, &c. — a bilious, yellow, white coat or fur, 
 &c. It is at times owing to the evaporation of 
 the watery portions of the secretions; at others, 
 to a morbid condition of the secretions: — gene- 
 rally, to both causes combined. The tongue, in 
 such a condition, is said to be coated or furred ; 
 sometimes, loaded. 
 
 ENDUIT CHOROi'DIEN, see Choroid. 
 END UR CISSE3IENT, In duration — e. dn 
 Cerveau, Sclerencephalia — e. Rouge, see Uepati- 
 zation — e. du Cceur, Cardiosclerosie — e. da Tissu 
 eellidtiire. Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 
 ENDYMA VENTRICULORUM, Ependyma 
 ventriculorum. 
 
 ENECHEMA, Tinnitus aurium, 
 ENECIA, Synocha — e. Cauma, Synocha — e. 
 Synochus Puerperarum, see Peritonitis — e. Syno- 
 chus, Synoehus. 
 
 EX'EMA, tvtjia, from evirifii, (tv, and tripii, 'to 
 inject.' Clysma, Clysmua, Endys'ma, Lavamen'- 
 tiim, Lo'tio. An Injection, Clyster, (P.) Clystere, 
 Lavement. A well-known form of conveying 
 medicine into the intestinal canal. See Clyster. 
 E-VEJfA Aloes, Clyster of aloes. {Aloes, Qij; 
 Potass, carbon, gr. XV ; Decoct. Hordei, Oss, (Imp. 
 meas.,) M. Ph. L.) Used ia cases of ascarides 
 and amenorrhoea. 
 
 Enema Anod'vnuit, Enema O'pii ; An'odyne 
 or Starch and Opium Clyster. {Decoct, amyli 
 f^iv; tinct. ojni n(,. xxx. M. Ph. L.) Exhibited 
 in cases of severe diarrhoea or dysentery. 
 
 Enema Cathart'icuji; Cathartic or Purging 
 Clyster. {Olei. oliv. f ^j ; sulph. magiies. 3J ; 
 mucilng. acacicR i'^'s.vx; M. Ph.D.) 
 
 Enema Colocynth'idis, Clyster of Col'ocynfh. 
 {Ext. Colocynth ^ss ; Sapon. mollis ^y, aquce, Oj. 
 (Imp. meas.,) M. Ph. L.) An efiScient cathartic 
 clyster. 
 
 Enema CoirMU'NE ; Common or Domestic 
 Clyster. { Water gruel or molasses and water Oss 
 or Oj ; add a little oil or lard, and a spoonful of 
 common salt.) Given as a cathartic enema; and, 
 without the common salt, as an emollient. 
 
 Enema Fcet'idum, E. assafae'tidcB, Fetid Clys- 
 ter, Clyster of aesafetida ; Mis'tura asafir.'tidtB 
 2oro clys'mate, Clysma ton'icum et antispasmod'- 
 icum seu in'citans et sedans, (F.) Lavement anti- 
 spasmodique. {The last, with the addition of ^ij 
 of the tincture of asnfoetida. Ph. D.) Given as 
 an antispasmodic and anodyne. 
 
 Enema Nicotia'n^; Tohac'co Clyster. This 
 generally consists of from half a pint to a pint of 
 the Lifusum Tahaci. It is employed in eases of 
 strangulated hernia; but occasionally acts as a 
 fatal poison when given in this way. The smoke 
 of tobacco is sometimes thrown up the rectum to 
 produce the same medicinal eifects as the infusion. 
 Enema Opii, E. anodynum. 
 Enema Terebin'thiNjE; Tnr'pentine Clyster. 
 {01. tereb. f^j. Decoct, hordei f^^xix, one yolk of 
 egg. Incorporate the turpentine with the yolk, 
 then add the gruel. Ph. L.) To be adminis- 
 tered in cases of ascarides, {oxyures.) 
 
 ENEPIDERM'IC, Enepider'micus, from tv, 
 'in,' £-£, 'upon,' and izpjia, 'the skin.' An epi- 
 
 thet given to the method of treating diseases, 
 which consists in the application of medicines ; 
 as plasters, blisters, &c., to the skin. 
 
 ENEREISIS, Compression. 
 
 ENERGIA, Action, Force. 
 
 EN'ERGY, Energi'a, from ivt^yaa, {ev, and 
 Epyov, 'action,') ' I act.' Action. Acting power. 
 Also, vigour; as the 'muscidar energy;' the 
 'brain acts with energy.' 
 
 ENERVATIO, Aponeurosis, Enervation. 
 
 ENERVA'TION, Enerva'tio, from e, ' out of,' 
 and nervus, ' strength.' The act of weakening — 
 the state of being weakened. See Debility. 
 
 ENERVATIONES TENDINE^, Inseripti- 
 ones tendinese musculorum. 
 
 ENERVITAS, Inertia. 
 
 ENFANCE, Infancy. 
 
 ENFANT, Infans— e. <J Terme, see Fcetus— p. 
 Legitime, see Legitimate. 
 
 ENFANTEMENT, Parturition. 
 
 ENFLUPuE, Swelling, (Edema — e. des Jambes 
 et des cuisses de lafemme accouchie, Phlegmatia 
 dolens. 
 
 ENFONCEMENT SGAPHOIDE, Scaphoi- 
 
 ENFONCEURE, Arthrodia. 
 
 ENFONCVRE, Arthrodia. 
 
 ENGASTERION, Laboratory. 
 
 ENGASTRIMLSIIE, see Engastrimyth. 
 
 ENGASTRlMYS3[E,SQ<i 'Engastrimyth. 
 
 ENGAS'TRIMYTH ; Engastrimy'thus, En- 
 glottogas'tor, Gastril'oquus, Ventril' oquus , Gas- 
 tril'oquist, Eu'rycles, Eurycli'tus, Enteroman'tis, 
 Gastroman'tis, from tv, 'in,' yaarrjp, 'the belly,'' 
 and fivSeoixat, 'I discourse.' A Ventril' oquist. 
 (F.) Ventriloque, Gastriloque. One who pos- 
 sesses the art of modifying his natural voice, so 
 that it seems to come from a greater or less dis- 
 tance, and from different directions. It was for- 
 merly believed that such persons spoke from the 
 belly; hence their name. Itis an imitative art, 
 and is called Ventriloquism. (F.) Engastri- 
 misnie, Engastrimysme. 
 
 ENGEISOMA, Engisoma, 
 
 ENGELURE, Chilblain. 
 
 ENGHIEN MONTMORENCY, MINERAL 
 WATERS OF. Enghien-les-Bains. A hydro- 
 sulphurous water, four leagues from Paris, near 
 Montmorency, which is possessed of some cele- 
 brity. It contains chloride of sodium, chloride 
 of magnesium, sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of 
 lime, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of lime, 
 silica, sulphohydrate of lime and magnesia, sul- 
 phohydric acid, carbonic acid and nitrogen. 
 
 ENGISO'MA, Engeiso'ma, Engizo'ma, from 
 syyi^di, 'I approximate.' (F.) Embarrure. A 
 species of fracture of the skull, in which a splin- 
 ter passes beneath the sound portion of the bone, 
 and compresses the brain. — Galen. Also, a kind 
 of instrument used in fractures of the clavicle. 
 
 ENGLISH DISEASE, Rachitis. 
 
 ENGLOTTOGASTOR, Engastrimyth. 
 
 ENGOMPHOSIS, Gomphosis. 
 
 ENGORGEMENT, from en, 'in,' and gorge, 
 ' the throat,' An obstruction occurring in the 
 vessels of a part, giving rise to augmentation of 
 volume. Congestion. 
 
 ENGORGEJfENT DES MEMBRES AB- 
 DOMTNAUXl LA SUITE DES COUCHES, 
 Phlegmatia dolens — e. Hepatic, Hepatohsemia — 
 e. Laiteux des membres abdominaux, Phlegmatia 
 dolens. 
 
 ENGOUEMENT {¥.), Obstruc'tio, Iner'tia, 
 
 from angere, 'to choke.' Accumulation in a 
 
 hollow organ, of the matters secreted by it or 
 
 carried into it. There is said to be Engouement 
 
 ! des branches, when the mucus accumulates in the 
 
 ' bronchia; and Engouement des intestins, when 
 
 ' the matters which ought to pass through the ia- 
 
ENGOUEMENT 
 
 339 ENTEREPIPLOMPHALOCELE 
 
 testines are detained ; as in a case of strangulated 
 hernia. 
 
 ENGOUEMENT DES POUMONS, E. of the 
 lanjs, in Pathological Anatomy, signifies that 
 state of the lungs, in which a mixture of air and 
 thin fluid escape? from them when cut into. 
 
 EiYG URDTSSEMENT, Torpor. 
 
 ENGRENURE, Suture. 
 
 EXH.EMAT0SI3, H^matosis. 
 
 EXIXA, Puerpera. 
 
 ENIXIO FOETUS, Parturition. 
 
 EXIXUS FCETUS, Parturition. 
 
 ENKEPHALOX, Encephalon. 
 
 ENKYSTE, Encysted. 
 
 EXKYSTEMENT, Chntonnement. 
 
 EX.METRITIS, see Metritis. 
 
 EXXEAPHAR'MACOS, from twea, 'nine,' 
 and ipapiiaKov, 'a medicine.' A medicine, com- 
 posed of nine simple ingredients. A pessary, so 
 formed. — Galen, Paulus. The Antid'otua Hera- 
 cli'dis, described by Galen, and some plasters by 
 Aetius and Celsus, are, likewise, termed Eiiiiea- 
 phnrmnca. — Gorraeus. 
 
 ENORMIS, Abnormous. 
 
 EXORMITAS CORDIS. Heart, hypertrophy. 
 
 EXOR'MOX, tvopuwv, Hornion, Im'petum fa'- 
 cienn, from £v, 'in,' and opuaw, 'I rouse,' 'excite.' 
 A word used by Hippocrates in the same sense 
 as vital principle is by modern physiologists. 
 
 EXOSIS, Insertion. 
 
 EXOSTO'SIS, Entosfo'sis, from tv, 'in,' and 
 ocreov, ' a bone.' A morbid growth of bone in- 
 wards — the opposite to exostosis. 
 
 ENRAGE, Rabid. 
 
 EXRHUMER, See Cold. 
 
 ENROUEMENT, Raucedo. 
 
 EXRYTH'MOS, from tv, and pv^pto^, 'number.' 
 Having rhythm. An epithet applied to the pulse 
 when its pulsations occur with some degree of 
 order. It is opposed to Aryth'mos, and differs 
 from Eurythmos, which signifies ' regular.' 
 
 EXS. A being. Paracelsus meant, by this 
 term, the power exerted by certain beings on 
 our body. He speaks of the Ens Dei, E. Astro'- 
 fum, E. natura'le, E. virtu'tis, E. morbo' rum, E. 
 de poten'tibus spirit' ibus, &c. These absurd de- 
 nominations suggested to some of the ancient 
 ehymists a name for certain chymical prepara- 
 tions. The muriate of ammonia and iron was 
 called Ens martis ; the muriate of ammonia and 
 copper, Ens veneris ; and Ens lirimum was, with 
 the alchymists, the name of a tincture which they 
 considered possessed, of the power of transmuting 
 metals. 
 
 Ens Maetis, Ferrum ammoniatum — e. Veneris, 
 Bo.vlei, Ferrum ammoniatum. 
 
 E X ' S I F R M, Ensifor' mis, from ensis, ' a 
 sword,' and /or?«a, 'form.' Sword-like. 
 
 Ensifoem Apophy'ses or Proc"esses are the 
 lesser al^ of the sphenoid bone. 
 
 En'siform Appen'dix or Car'tilage is the 
 xiphoid appendix of the sternum, <fcc. See Xi- 
 phoid. 
 
 EXSIFORMIS, Xiphoid. 
 
 EXSI-STERNAL. Relating to the ensiform 
 process of the sternum. Beclard gave this name 
 to the last osseous portion of the sternum. He 
 also called it Uoa ultimisfernal. See Ultimo- 
 sternal. 
 
 EXSOMATOSIS, Incorporation. 
 
 EXSTALAX'IS, Instillation. 
 
 EX'STROPHE, from ev, 'in,' and (rrpsipm, 'I 
 turn.' Inversion of a part, as of the eyelids. 
 
 ENTABLEMENT, Depression. 
 
 ENTAILLE (F.), from en, 'in,' and tailler, 
 ' to cut.' Excis'io, Ec'cope, Ec'tome. A deep 
 wound made by a sharp instrument obliquely. 
 Entaillee and Taillades are, also, used to desig- 
 
 nate deep scarifications, made for the purpose of 
 producing a speedy degorgement of any tumefied 
 part; such, for example, as are made in the 
 tongue in certain cases of glossitis. 
 
 ENTAMURE (F.). A slight incision or lace- 
 ration. 
 
 EXTAXTHEMA, Eisanthema. 
 
 EXTASIA, Tonic spasm — e. Articularis, Con- 
 tractura — e. Losia, Torticollis — e. Priapismus, 
 Priapismus — e. Systremma, Cramp — e. Tetanus, 
 Tetanus — e. Tetanus anticus, Emprosthotonos — 
 e. Trismus, Trismus. 
 
 EXTASIS, Tonic spasm. 
 
 EXTAT'ICUS, Intensi'vtts, from tvTuvoi, 'I 
 make tense.' A medicine which excites the ve- 
 nereal appetite. 
 
 EXTELIPATHIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 EXTELMIXTHA, Worms. 
 
 ENTENDEMENT, Intellect. 
 
 EXTERADELPHIA, see Emboitement. 
 
 EXTERAD'EXES, from Evrcpov, 'an intestine,' 
 and aSvv, 'a gland.' The mucous glands of the 
 intestines. See Peyeri glandulae. 
 
 ENTERADEXOG'RAPHY, Enteradenogra'- 
 phia, from evTcpov, 'intestine,' aSrjv, 'gland,' and 
 Ypi'Pn, ' a description.' A description of the in- 
 testinal glands. 
 
 EXTERADEXOL'OGY, Enteradenolog"ia, 
 from tvTcpov, 'intestine,' aSriv, 'gland,' and Xoyog, 
 'a treatise.' That part of anatomy which treats 
 of the intestinal glands. 
 
 EXTERAERECTASIA, Tympanites. 
 
 EXTERAL'GIA, Enterodyn'ia, from evrepov, 
 'intestine,' and oKyog, 'pain.' Pain in the intes- 
 tines. Colic. 
 
 Enteralgia Acuta, Enteritis — e. Inflamma- 
 toria. Enteritis — e. Saturnina, Colica metallica. 
 
 EXTERANGEMPHRAXIS, Enterangi- 
 emphraxis. 
 
 ENTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS, Enteran- 
 gemphrax'is, from evrepov, 'intestine,' ayx^^i ' I 
 strangle,' and cpKppaaiTd}, 'I obstruct.' Obstruction 
 of the vessels of the intestines. 
 
 EXTERATROPH'IA, Atroph'ia Intestino' rum, 
 from cvTcpov, 'intestine,' and atrophia, 'want of 
 nutrition.' Atrophy of the coats of the intestines. 
 
 ENTER AUX'E, from tvrtpov, 'intestine,' and 
 av^Tj, 'increase.' Hypertrophy of the muscular 
 coat of the intestines. — Fuchs. 
 
 EXTERECHE'MA, from tvrtpov, 'intestine,' 
 and vxit VX*^' ''X''/"') 'sound.' Son'itne intestina'- 
 lis. The sound of the movement of the intes- 
 tines, heard by the stethoscope. 
 
 ENTEREC'TASIS, EUata'tio Intestino' rim, 
 from tvrtpov, 'intestine,' and jxTotrtf, 'dilatation.' 
 Dilatation of the intestines, as in tympanites. 
 
 EXTERELCO'SIS, Enterhelco'sis, Enterohel- 
 co'sis, from tvrcpov, 'intestine,' and 'eXffojo-tf, 'ul- 
 ceration.' Ulceration of intestines — Ulcera'tio 
 intestina'lis, Ul'cera intestino,' lia. 
 
 ENTERELESIA, Ileus. 
 
 EXTERELOSIS, Ileus. 
 
 EXTEREMPHRAX'IS, Infarc'tm Inteatino'- 
 rum, Jncarcera'tio intestino' rum inter'na, (E.) 
 Etranglement des Intestins, E. Intestinale, from 
 tvTtpov, 'intestine,' and ep(ppa^ii, 'obstruction.' 
 Obstruction of the Intestines from accumulation 
 of faeces or otherwise. Also, Enterangiemphraxis. 
 
 ENTEREN'CHTTA, Enteren'chytes, from tv- 
 rcpov, 'an intestine,' tv, and x^'^> '^ pour.' Any 
 surgical instrument for administering injections. 
 — Scultetus. 
 
 ENTEREPIPLOCELE, Enteroepiplocele. 
 
 ENTEREPIPLOMPHALOCE'LE, from tvrt- 
 pov, 'intestine,' f7tnT\oov, 'omentum,' opi(pa)\os, 
 'navel,' and KrjXtj, 'rupture.' Hernia of the um- 
 bilicus, with protrusion of the omentum and in- 
 testine. 
 
ENTERHELCOSIS 
 
 340 
 
 ENTEROMOEPHIA 
 
 ENTERHELCOSIS, Enterelcosis— e. Nervosa, 
 Typhus (abdominal.l 
 
 'E:STE'RRYFEnTROVE.'IA,Hypertroph'iain- 
 testitio'rum, from cvrspov, 'intestine,' and hyper- 
 trophia, 'excessive nutrition.' Hypertrophy of 
 'the coats of the intestines. 
 
 ENTERIC, Intestinal. 
 
 ENTER'ICA, from ivrcpov, 'an intestine.' Dis- 
 eases affecting the alimentary canal. Order I., 
 Class I. (Oceliaca), of Good. Also, medicines 
 affecting the alimentary canal. 
 
 ENTERICUS, Intestinal. 
 
 ENTERIQUE, Intestinal. 
 
 ENTERITE FOLLICULEUSE, see Typhus 
 — e. Typhohemique, Typhoid fever. 
 
 ENTERI'TIS, from zvTtpov, 'an intestine,' and 
 itin, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 intestines. Empres'ma Enteri'tis, Intestino'rum 
 inflamma'tio, Ileo-eoU'tis, Chordap'suK, Cauma 
 Enteritis, Enterophlog" ia, EtiteropJiIogo'sis, Co' - 
 lica acuta seu injiamraato'ria, IV ens inflnmmato'- 
 rivs, Enteral'gia acn'tn seu Inflammato'ria, Fe- 
 bris intestino'rum seu ili'aca injiammato' ria, En- 
 lerop'yra, (F.) Enterite, Inflaramation des Intestins. 
 The essential symptoms of this disease are : — 
 violent abdominal pain, increased on pressure; 
 with vomiting and inflammatory fever. Enteritis 
 may affect both the peritoneal and the mucous 
 coat of the intestines ; and, in violent cases, all 
 the coats may be implicated. The structure of 
 the mucous and peritoneal coats is different: so 
 are their functions in health and disease. The 
 inflammation of the serous coat, Sero-enteritis, 
 resembles that of the cellular membrane; the 
 inflammation of the mucous coat, that of the skin. 
 The former is usually, therefore, of a more active 
 character. Inflammation of the mucous coat, 
 Eso- enteri'tis, Endo- enteri'tis, Mitco- enteri'tis, 
 Mucous Enteritis, PMegmymeni'tis enter'ica, is 
 generally attended with diarrhoea, and its patho- 
 logy is identical with that of dysentery. Inflam- 
 mation of tb-e peritoneal coat is, on the other 
 hand, generally attended with constipation. 
 
 Enteritis of the peritoneal coat, for such usually 
 is the meaning of the word in the abstract, re- 
 quires the most active treatment. Copious bleed- 
 ing, followed up by a large dose of opium — and, 
 if the symptoms be not decidedly ameliorated, 
 repeating the bleeding and opium — warm fomen- 
 tations, and blisters, are the chief agents to be 
 relied upon. Purgatives ought not to be exhibited 
 until the inflammation and spasm are abated by 
 the use of the bleeding and opium. When the 
 physician is called early, this plan will usually 
 succeed. Sometimes, Enteritis passes into a chro- 
 nic state, requiring much careful management. 
 Broussais considered inflammation of the mucous 
 coat of the stomach and intestines as the proxi- 
 mate cause of the phenomena of fever. 
 
 Enteritis Arthritic a, Coeliagra — e. Coliea, 
 Colitis — e. Epiploitis, Epiploitis — e. Follicular, 
 Typhoid fever — e. Folliculosa, see Typhus — e. 
 Mesenterica, Mesenteritis— e. Mucous, see Ente- 
 ritis — e. Pustulosa, Dothinenteritis. 
 
 EN'TERO, from tvrcpov, 'an intestine,' in com- 
 pound words signifies intestine, as in the follow- 
 ing : — ■ 
 
 ENTEROBRO'SIS, Enterorrlex'is, Perfora'tio 
 Intestino'rum, (F.) Perforation des Intestins, from 
 tvTi.pov, 'an intestine,' and 0pu)atg, 'the act of 
 gnawing.' Perforation of the intestines. 
 
 Er»;TEROC'ACE, Dysente'ria pn'trida seu fy- 
 pho'des seu scorhu'tica seu malig'na, from evrepov, 
 'an intestine,' and KaKo;, 'evil/ Adynamic dy- 
 sentery, accompanied by phenomena indicating a 
 pseudo-membranous and gangrenous state of the 
 lining membrane of the large intestine. 
 
 ENTEROCE'LE, Hernia intestina'lis, from 
 
 tvTtpov, 'an intestine,' and KrjXjj, 'a hernia,' 'tu- 
 mour.' Abdominal hernia, which contains only 
 a portion of intestine, is so called. 
 
 ENTERO - CEPHALOPYRA INFANTUM, 
 Hydrocephalus Internus. 
 
 ENTEROCCE'LICUS, from svrepov, 'intestine,' 
 and Koi\ia, 'the cavity of the abdomen.' Relating 
 to the cavity of the abdomen. 
 
 EN'TERO-COLI'TIS, (F._) Ent^ro-colite, from 
 tvTcpov, ' intestine,' and co?iVi«, 'inflammation of 
 the colon.' Inflammation of the small intestine 
 and colon. 
 
 ENTEROCYSTOCE'LE, from ivrtpov, 'an in- 
 testine,' KvrTTii, 'a bladder,' and kv^v, 'a tumour.' 
 Hernia formed by the bladder and a portion of 
 intestine. 
 
 ENTERODAR'SIS, from tvrtpov, 'intestine,' 
 and Sapais, 'skinning.' Excoriation of the mu- 
 cous membrane of the intestines. 
 
 ENTERODOTHIENIA. Dothinenteritis. 
 
 ENTERODYNIA, Enteral_gia. 
 
 ENTERO -EPIPLOCE'LE, Enter epiploce'le, 
 Her'nia intestina'lis omenta'lis, from evrepov, ' in- 
 testine,' trrt-Aoov, 'the omentum,' and Kri^rj, 'tu- 
 mour.' Hernia, formed by intestine and omen- 
 tum. 
 _ ENTERO-EPIPLOM'PHALUS, from evrepov, 
 'intestine,' fmn'kQov, 'the omentum,' and oftcba'Xos, 
 'the umbilicus.' Umbilical hernia, containing 
 intestine and omentum. Almost all umbilical 
 hernise are of this kind. 
 
 ENTEROG'RAPHY, Enterogra'phia, from ev- 
 repov, ' intestine,' and ypa(pri, 'description.' The 
 part of anatomv which describes the intestines. 
 
 ENTERO-HyEMORRHAGIA, HEematoehezia. 
 
 ENTEROHELCOSIS, Enterelcosis. 
 
 ENTERO-HYDROCE'LE, from evrepov, 'in- 
 testine,' 'vd(jt>p, 'water,' and Kr}\r!, 'tumour.' In- 
 testinal hernia complicated with hydrocele. 
 _ ENTERO-HYDROM'PHALUS, from ivrepov, 
 'intestine,' 'vSwp, 'water,' and ofi^a^os, 'the na- 
 vel.' Umbilical hernia, in which the sac contains, 
 along with a portion of intestine, a quantity of 
 serum. 
 
 ENTERO-ISCHIOCE'LE, from cvtcoov, 'in- 
 testine,' t(T)(^tov, 'ischium,' and KrjXri, 'tumour.' 
 Ischiat'ic hernia, formed of intestine. 
 
 ENTEROLITHI'ASIS, from evrspov, 'intes- 
 tine,' and \tSiacns, 'the formation of stone.' The 
 formation of concretions in the intestines. 
 
 ENTEROLITHUS, Calculi of the stomach and 
 intestines — e. Bezoardus, Bezoar — e. Scybalum, 
 Scybala. 
 _ ENTEROL'OGY, Enterolog"ia, from tvrcpov, 
 'intestine,' and Xoyo;, 'a discourse.' The part 
 of anatomy which treats of the intestines. 
 
 ENTEROMALA'CIA, Enteromalax'is, (F.) 
 RamoUissement de I'Intestin, from cvTcpov, 'an in- 
 testine,' and naKaaaiji, 'I soften.' Softening of the 
 mucous or other coats of the intestine. 
 
 ENTEROMALAXIS, Enteromalacia. 
 
 ENTEROMANTIS, En_gastrimyth. 
 
 ENTERO-MEROCE'LE, from zvrepov, 'intes- 
 tine,' fjinpos, 'the thigh,' and Kti\ti, 'tumour.' Cru- 
 ral hernia, formed of intestine. 
 
 ENTERO-MESENTER'IC, Entero-mesenter'- 
 icus, (F.) Entero-mesenterique, Relating to the 
 intestine and mesentery. 
 
 ENTERO-MESENTER'ICA FEBRIS. MM. 
 Petit and Serres have given this name to the 
 typhoid form of adynamic fever, in which the in- 
 testines are ulcerated, with enlargement of the 
 corresponding mesenteric glands. See Typhus. 
 
 ENTER0-3IESENTERITE, Tabes mesen- 
 terica — e. 3Iesenterite typhoide, see Typhus. 
 
 ENTEROMOR'PHJA COMPRES'SA. One 
 of the algse, used by the Sandwich Islanders as 
 an esculent. 
 
ENTER OMPHALOCELE 
 
 341 
 
 ENTOPHYTIC 
 
 ENTEROMPHALOCELE, Enteromphalus. 
 E'STEROM'FRALVS, Enteromjihciloce'le, from 
 tvTCfjov, 'intestine,' and ofi<pa\og, 'umbilicus.' Um- 
 bilical bernia, formed of intestine. 
 
 ENTEROMYCODORI'TIS, from cvrt^ov, 'in- 
 testine,' jivKOi, 'slime,' iof)a, 'skin/ and itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the mucous 
 membrane of the intestines. 
 EN'TEROX, Intestine. 
 
 ENTEROPARAL'YSIS, EnieropU'gia, Pa-^ 
 fol'i/sis intestino'rum, from evrcpov, ' intestine, 
 Tapa\va-ig, 'paralysis.' Paralysis of the intestines. 
 ENTEROPARISAGOGE, Intussusceptio. 
 E'NTEROPATHI'A, Enterop'athji. from tvrcpov, 
 'intestine,' and -ados, 'disease.' Disease of the 
 intestines in general. 
 
 Enteropathi'a CanCERO'sA, Enteroscir'rhus, 
 Enterosteno'sis tcirrho'sa seu organ' ica, Entero- 
 snreo'min, Indura'iio seu Scirrhus seu Cancer seu 
 Carcino'ma Intestino' rum, (F.) Cancer des Intes- 
 tins. Cancer of the intestines. 
 
 ENTEROPERIS'TOLE, EnterospMg'ma, Her- 
 nia incarcera'ta, Jncarcera'tio intestino'rum, from 
 evTcpov, 'intestine,' and 7r£pio-rtA>u, 'I contract.' 
 Constriction or obstruction of the intestines, from 
 a cause which acts either within the abdomen, 
 or without it, as in stransjulated hernia. 
 ENTEROPHLOGIA, Enteritis. 
 EXTEROPHLOGOSIS, Enteritis. 
 ENTEROPHTHI'SIS,from ei'npov, 'intestine,' 
 and (pQi<7is, 'consumption.' Consumption of the 
 bowels. Consumption owing to suppuration in 
 the intestines. 
 
 ENTEROPHYMATA, Tubereula intestino- 
 rum. 
 
 EN'TEROPLASTY, En'teroplas'tice, from ev- 
 Tspov, 'intestine,' and rXao-o-u, 'I form.' A plastic 
 operation for the restoration of an intestine. 
 ENTEROPLEGIA, Enteroparalysis. 
 EXTEROPYRA, Enteritis. Also, entero-me- 
 senteric fever, Enteropijrie. — Alibert. 
 
 Enteropyra Asiatica, Cholera — e. Biliosa, 
 Fever, bilious. 
 
 ENTERORRHAG"IA, from tvrzpov, ' intes- 
 tine,' and payri, 'violent rupture.' Hemorrhage, 
 or excessive discharge, from the bowels. 
 Enterorrhagia SnrPLEX, Hasmatoehezia. 
 ENTERORRHA'PHIA, Entcror'rliapU, from 
 EVTtpov, 'intestine,' and pac/if?, 'a suture.' Suture 
 of the intestines, for the relief of injuries done to 
 them. 
 
 ENTERORRHEU'MA, SJieumatii'nms Intesti- 
 no'rum, from tvTcpov, 'intestine,' and pevjia, 'de- 
 fluxion, rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the intes- 
 tines. 
 
 ENTERORRHEXIS, Enterobrosis. 
 ENTERORRHCEA, Diarrhcea, Melsena. 
 ENTEROSARCOCE'LE, from cvrcpov, 'intes- 
 tine,' <7ap^, 'flesh,' and Kri'Xri, 'a tumour.' Intes- 
 tinal hernia, complicated with fleshy excrescence, 
 or rather sarcoeele. 
 
 ENTEROSARCOMIA, Enteropathia eance- 
 rosa.. 
 
 ENTEROSCHEOCE'LE, Enteroschoce'le, from 
 IVTS.POV, 'an intestine,' o(r;]^£ov, 'the scrotum,' and 
 Kt{\ri, ' tumour.' Scrotal hernia consisting of in- 
 testine. 
 
 ENTEROSCIRRHUS, Enteropathia eance- 
 rosa. 
 
 ENTERO'SES, from cvrtpov, 'an intestine.' A 
 class of diseases, comprehending all those that 
 _ are seated in the iatestines. — Alibert. 
 ENTER0SPHIG:MA, Enteroperlstole. 
 ENTEROSTENO'SIS, from evrepov, 'intestine,' 
 and err£i/(j(Tif, ' stricture.' Stricture or constriction 
 of the intestines. See Ileus. 
 
 Enterostenosis VoLvoLus, Ecus — e. Orga- 
 nica, Enteropathia eancerosa — e. Scirrhosa, En- 
 teropathia cancerosa. 
 
 ENTEROTOME, Enterot' omits, from ivrepov, 
 'intestine,' and rcpvw, 'I cut.' A name given by 
 J. Cloquet to an instrument for promptly opening 
 the intestinal canal through its whole extent. It 
 consists of a pair of scissors, one blade of which 
 is much longer than the other, and rounded at its 
 extremity. This is passed into the intestine. 
 
 ENTEROTOM'IA, Enterot'omy, same etymon. 
 In anatomy, it signifies dissection of the intes- 
 tines. In surgery, it means an operation, little 
 used, which consists in opening the intestines, in 
 order to evacuate the fsecal matters accumulated 
 in it; for example, in certain cases of hernia, ac- 
 companied with contraction of the intestinal 
 canal; in operations for an artificial anus, per- 
 formed on the now-born, where the rectum is 
 imperforate or not existing, &c. 
 ENTEROTOMY, Enterotomia. 
 ENTEROTYPHUS, see Typhus. 
 ENTEROZOA, Worms. 
 
 ENTERYDROCE'LE, EnteroJiydroce'le, from 
 evTcpov, 'intestine,' 'vSuip, ' water,' and Kr/Xr], 'rup- 
 ture.' Intestinal hernia with hydrocele. 
 EXTHELMINTHES, Worms. 
 ENTHEOMANIA, Demonomania. 
 ENTHLA'SIS, EnjMa'sis, IlHs'io, from ev, 'in,' 
 and &\a(i), ' I break.' A fracture of the cranium, 
 with comminution, in which the bone is depressed, 
 or has lost its level. 
 
 EsTHLASis Cranii, EfFractura Cranii. 
 ENTITE, Entity. 
 
 EN'TITY, En'titas. (F.) Entite; from ens,entis, 
 'a being.' The being or essence of anything. 
 It has been used somewhat vaguely, in modern 
 French medicine more especially, to signify ap- 
 parently a general or essential disease, the nature 
 and seat of which cannot be determined. — 
 Nysten. 
 
 ENTOCELE, Ectopia. 
 
 Entoce'le Lentis. Dislocation of the crys- 
 talline into the anterior chamber of the eye. 
 
 ENTOGONYAN'COX, Genu varum, Calf knee, 
 ^ leg, from cvto;, 'within,' yovv, 'the knee,' and • 
 nyKiavt'a. bend.' Bending of the knees inwards. 
 The state of being knock-kneed, or in-kneed. 
 (Prov.) Knap-kneed, (So.) Nule-kneed. 
 
 ENTOHYALOID MUSC^, see Metamor- 
 phopsia. 
 
 ENTONIA, Tension, Tonic spasm. 
 ENTONIC, Enton'icus, from cv, denoting ex- 
 cess, and Tovos, 'tone.' Having great tension or 
 exaggerated action. 
 
 ENTONNOIR, Calix, Infundibulum — e. du 
 Ventricule Moyen du Cerveaii, Infundibulum of 
 the brain. 
 
 ENTOPARASITES, Worms. 
 ENTOPHTHAL'MIA, from tt/rof, 'within,' and 
 o(j)Qa\pia, 'inflammation of the eye.' Ophthalmia 
 affecting the interior of the eye. 
 
 EN'TOPHYTE. EntojA'yton, {■{>[. Entoph'yta,) 
 from tvTog, 'within,' and ipvrov, ' a vegetable.' A 
 vegetable parasite, and especially one growing ia 
 the interior of the body. The following are the 
 chief entophytes : — 
 
 Al<fa of the mouth. 
 
 Achorion Schonlcinii.... in Porrigo favosa. 
 
 Achorion Lehertii in Porrigo scutulata. 
 
 MicroKporoyi Audouini. in Porrigo decalvans. 
 
 Mycoderm of Plica Polonica. 
 
 " of Mentagra. 
 
 " of Muguet. 
 
 " ofulcerated and mucous 
 
 surfaces. 
 
 Sarcina ventriculi of the stomach. 
 
 Torula " " 
 
 ENTOPHYT'IC, Entophyt'icus, same etymon. 
 Of or belonging to an entophyte, — as ' an onto- 
 phytic growth.' 
 
ENTOPTERYGOID 
 
 342 
 
 EPERVlilRE 
 
 ENTOPTERYGOID, see Pterygoid. 
 
 ENTOP'TIC, Entop'tiem, from tvTOi, ' within,' 
 and oiptg, 'vision.' Relating or appertaing to the 
 vision of objects within the organ of sight, — as 
 of the bloodvessels of the retina. 
 
 ENTORSE, Sprain. 
 
 ENTOSTHETHIDIA, Entrails. 
 
 ENTOSTHIA, Entrails. 
 
 ENTOSTOSIS. Enostosis. 
 
 ENTOTORRHCEA, Otirrhoea. 
 
 ENTOTOZ^NA, Ozsena. 
 
 ENTOXICISMUS, Poisoning. 
 
 ENTOXISMUS, Poisoning. 
 
 ENTOZOA, (sing. Entozoon,) Worms. 
 
 ENTOZOAIRES, Worms. 
 
 ENTOZOARIA, Worms. 
 
 ENTOZOOUENESIS, Helminthiasis. 
 
 ENTOZOON EOLLICULORUM, Acarus Fol- 
 liculorum. 
 
 ENTRAILLES, Entrails. 
 
 EN'TRAILS, Splanchna, Encce'Ua, Vis'cera, 
 Entosthid'ia, Entoa' thia, Entosthethid' ia, Intera'- 
 nea, from enteralia, a word of bad Latin, coming 
 from evTipov, ' intestine.' It is used for the vis- 
 cera enclosed in the splanchnic cavities, and es- 
 pecially for those in the abdomen ; Botcels, Guts, 
 (F.) Entrailles, Visceres. Exta has had this 
 latter signification, but it was most frequently 
 used by the ancients, as by Pliny, for the thoracic 
 viscera. 
 
 ENTREFESSON, Chafing. 
 
 ENTRICHO'MA, from tv, 'in,' and rpix'^pia, 
 (&pi|, Tpi-)(oi,) 'hair.' The tarsal cartilage, and 
 the edge of the eyelids, in which the cilia are 
 implanted. 
 
 ENTROP'ION, Entrop'ium, from tv, ' in,' and 
 TpEJTCi), * I turn.' Inver'sio palpehra'rum, Capillit"- 
 ium, Trichiasis, Introsuscep' tio seu Blepliaropfo'- 
 sis entropium, Blep)harelo'sis, Tri'chia, Tricho'sis. 
 A name given to the inversion or turning inwards 
 of the eyelids, so that the eye-lashes are directed 
 towards the globe of the eye; irritate and in- 
 flame it, and give rise to the aifection called 
 Trichi'asis. 
 
 The contact of the hair with the surface of the 
 eye occasions considerable irritation of the con- 
 junctiva, which is soon followed by chemosis, 
 ulceration of the eye, and other symptoms, such 
 as fever, watchfulness, &c. 
 
 If the disease be entropion, as above defined, 
 that is, dependent upon the inversion of the eye- 
 lids, it must be remedied, — either by dispersing 
 the oedema or swelling of the eyelids, or by cut- 
 ting out a portion of the skin. When the disease 
 is dependent on a vicious direction of the cilia, 
 they must be plucked out and the bulbs be cau- 
 terized. 
 
 ENTROPIUM, Entropion. 
 
 ENTYP03IS, see Glene. 
 
 ENUCLEA'TION, Enuclea'tio, from e^indeare, 
 enucleatuvi, (e, and nucleus,) ' to take out a ker- 
 nel.' This term has been proposed for the opera- 
 tion of removing tumours, &o., without cutting 
 into them. — Percy. 
 
 The word is used in Pharmacy for the opera- 
 tion of shelling or removing th« kernels of any 
 nut. 
 
 ENULA CAMPANA, Inula Helenium. 
 
 ENU'LON, from tv, ' in,' and ovXov, ' the gum.' 
 The inner part of the gums. The external part 
 was called ov\ov, and that between the teeth apuos. 
 —Pollux. 
 
 ENURE'SIS, from tvovpcu), (cv, and ovpeu),) 'I 
 void the urine in bed.' Paru'ria incon'tinens, 
 IncoiUinen'tia uri'nm, Exore'tio Urinm involun- 
 ta'ria seu inopportn'na, Mic'fio involunta'ria, 
 Uracra'tia, Urorrhoe'a, Perirrhoe'a, Strangii'ria, 
 (Galen,) Ain'schu'ria, Hyperure' sis, Diam'rtes, 
 Involuntary discharge of urine, Incontinence of 
 
 urine. This affection is most common in advanced 
 life. It may depend on too great irritability of 
 the bladder, or on distension, or injury of the 
 fibres about its neck, paralysis of the organ, 
 Cysto-paraly'sis, Cysto-ple'gia, the presence of 
 an irregularly shaped calculus impacted in the 
 urethra near its commencement ; rupture of the 
 bladder and urethra; renal disease ; or on pres- 
 sure exerted on the bladder by the distended 
 womb or by a tumour. It often occurs after dif- 
 ficult labour, but generally yields, in the course 
 of a week or ten days ; the catheter being intro- 
 duced twice a day in the mean time. 
 
 The treatment must of course vary according 
 to the cause; and when the affection on which it 
 is dependent cannot be removed, the discharge 
 of urine may be prevented by exerting a degree 
 of compression on the urethra, by means of ap- 
 propriate instruments ; or a urinal may be em- 
 ployed to receive the urine as it passes off. 
 
 ENVIE, Hangnail, Malacia, Nsevns — e. de 
 Vomir, Nausea. 
 
 ENYPNION, Somnium. 
 
 ENYSTRON, Abomasus. 
 
 ENZOOTIA, Enzooty. 
 
 ENZOOTY, Enzoot'ia, (F.) Enzootic, from tv, 
 ' in,' and ^wov, ' animal.' An endemic disease at- 
 tacking animals. 
 
 EP, EPH, EPI, IT, c<p, cTTi, 'upon, above;' in 
 composition, generally means, 'augmentation, 
 addition, increase, reciprocal action, repetition.' 
 Hence : 
 
 EPACMAS'TICOS, from tm, and ax/ia^o), 'I 
 increase.' An epithet applied to fevers, Febres 
 ei^acmas'ticcB, whose symptoms go on augmenting 
 in violence, from the commencement to the ter- 
 mination. Such fevers are, also, called Epanu- 
 didon'tes. 
 
 EPAGOGIUM, Phimosis, Prepuce. 
 
 EPANADIPLOSIS, Anadiplosis. 
 
 EPANALEPSIS, Anadiplosis. 
 
 EPANAS'TASIS, from iTraviarviu, 'to cause 
 to rise up.' Pustule. The formation of a tumour. 
 The breaking out of an eruption — Erup'tio exun- 
 the'matis. A pustule. 
 
 EPANASTEMA, Exanthem, swelling. 
 
 EPANCHEMENT, Effusion 
 
 EPANESIS, Remission. 
 
 EPANETUS, Remittent — e. Hectica, Hectic 
 fever — e. Malignus flavus, Fever, yellow — e. 
 Mitis, Remittent fever. 
 
 EPANORTHOSIS, Restauratio. 
 
 EPANTPIEMA, Exanthem. 
 
 EPANTHISMA, Exanthem. 
 
 EPAPH^'RESIS, from tnaijtaiptU), (twi, OKta, 
 and aiptut, 'I take,' 'I take away.' Repeti'ta 
 subla'tio seu evacua'tio. A repeated abstraction 
 or evacuation. It was formerly used synony- 
 mously with repeated bloodletting j Phlehotom'ia 
 itera'ta. — Galen. 
 
 EPAPHRISMOS, Despumation. 
 
 EPARMA, Tumour. 
 
 EPARSIS, Tumour. 
 
 EPAULE, Humerus. 
 
 EPENCRANIS, Cerebellum. 
 
 EPENDYMA, Membrane. 
 
 Epen'dyma Ventriculo'rum, En'dyma seu 
 Indumen'tum ventriculo'mm, from t-m, and tvbvm, 
 (£v, and ^uo),) 'I enter ;' hence, srrevivfia, ' an upper 
 garment or cloak.' The lining membrane of the 
 ventricles of the brain, formed by a prolongation 
 of the pia mater, and probably also of the arach- 
 noid. 
 
 EPERON, Hippocampus minor — e. des Ar- 
 teres. Spur. 
 
 EPERVIER, Accipiter. 
 
 EPERVIERE DES 3IURAILLES, Hiera- 
 cium murorum. 
 
EPHEB^ON 
 
 343 
 
 EPICRANIUM 
 
 EPHEB^'ON, Ephehm'um, from etti, and 'vl^v, 
 'pubes.' The parts of generation: also, the re- 
 gion of the pubes, as well as the hair upon the 
 pubes. It meant, likewise, a part of the ancient 
 gymnasium in which the rhetoricians, philoso- 
 phers, &c., disputed. 
 
 EPHEBEUM, Mons veneris. 
 EPHE'BIA, Ephehi'a, Pubertas. Same ety- 
 uiOi). The age of puberty. 
 EPHEBOSYNE, Puberty. 
 EPHEBOTES, Puberty. 
 ^EPHE'BUS, Pubens, Puber, (F.) Pitbere, 
 Ephebe. One -who has attained the age of pu- 
 berty. 
 
 EPHEDRANA, Nates. 
 
 EP%IEL'CIS, from £irt, and ' iXkos, 'an ulcer.' 
 The crust or scab of an ulcer. 
 EPHELIBE SOORBUTIQUE, Chloasma. 
 EPHE'LIDES, from t-i, and 'n^ioi, 'the sun.' 
 Epichro'sis, 3Iae'ula aola'ris, JIac'ulce fusccB seu 
 lenticula' res, Vitilig"ineii, Phaci, Paniuis lenticu- 
 la'ria, Lentic'ula, Lenti'go, Ephelis Lenti'go seu 
 Lentic'ula seu a sole, Nigre'do d sole Spilo'sis 
 ephelis, JEsta'tes, Effila, Freeldes, Sunburn, 
 (Prov.) FerniticMes, Fantickles, FarnticHes, 
 Fernfrechles, Fanfeckles, Fornpeckles, Freckens, 
 Murjies, (F.) Taches de ronsseur, Hale. This 
 term includes not only the yellow lentigines, which 
 appear on persons of a fair skin, and the larger 
 brown patches, which also arise from exposure 
 to the direct rays of the sun, but also those large 
 dusky patches which are very similar in appear- 
 ance, but occur on other parts . of the surface, 
 that are constantly covered. See Chloasma. 
 They do not extend farther than the skin. Many 
 cosmetics have been recommended for their re- 
 moval. Simple spirituous lotions or weak mine- 
 ral acids, applied a few times in the day, are as 
 effectual as any other means. 
 
 One, affected with freckles, is said to he freckled, 
 (Sc.) Fairntickled, Fernitickled, (Prov.) Fitrn'- 
 tickled, Fan'tickled, Fernfreckled, Fornpeckled, 
 Freckened, Jlurjled, (F.) Tachete de Pousseurs. 
 
 EPHELIS, see Ephelides — e. Lentigo, Ephe- 
 lides — e. d Sole, Ephelides. 
 EPHELOTES, Leucoma. 
 
 EPHEM'ERA, Dla'ria, from tm, and 'nfcpa, 
 ' a day.' That which continues a day. This 
 epithet is given to diseases, and particularly to 
 fevers, which last only a day. — Febris dia'ria seu 
 simplex seu Ephe'mera, Ephe>nerop'yra, Febric'u- 
 In, Ephem'eral, Bi'ary or Simjjle Fever, (F.) 
 Fievre ephemere. The term prolonged ephem' era 
 is sometimes used for fevers, which cease after 
 two or three days' duration. 
 
 Ephemera Anglica Pestilens, Sudor angli- 
 cus — e. Britannica, Sudor Anglicus — e. Maligna, 
 Sudor Anglicus — e. Mortifera, Plague — e. Pesti- 
 lentialis, Plasue — e. Sudatoria, Sudor Anglicus. 
 EPHEMEROPYRA, Ephemera. 
 EPHEMERUS, Quotidian. 
 EPHIALTES HYPOCHONDRIACA, Incubus 
 vigilantium — e. Nocturnus, Incubus — e. Vigilan- 
 tiura, Incubus vigilantium. 
 
 EPHIDRO'SES, (G.) Ephidrosen. A divi- 
 sion of the family Ekzematosen, of Fuchs, 
 comprising morbid varieties of sweating. 
 
 EPHIDRO'SIS, from etti, and '((5poM, 'I sweat.' 
 Hidro'sis, Idro'sis, Suda'tio, Sweating. Of old, 
 it meant, at times, a slight sweating, sudatiun'eu- 
 '~ la, of no value, and of bad augury ; at others, a 
 good and critical sweat. It has likewise been 
 used for a copious sweat. 
 
 EphidroSIS Profo'sA, E. sponta'nea seu idio- 
 path'iea, Hijdropede'sis, Exsada'tlo, Exudn'tio, 
 Hi/perephldro'sis, Hijperhydro'sis, Hi/drorrhce'a, 
 Hidropede'sis, (F.) Flax de Sueur. An excessive 
 sweating. A colliquative sweat. Such copious 
 
 perspirations are generally owing to debility of 
 the exhalants, and require the use of tonics, 
 especially of the mineral acids, opium, kc. 
 
 Ephidrosis, Desudatio — e. Cruenta, Sudor 
 cruentus — e. Saccharata, Sudor duleis. 
 EPHIPPIUM, Sella Turcica. 
 EPH'ODOS, from ctti, and 'ohoi, 'a way,' 'a 
 road or avenue to a place.' Hippocrates uses 
 this word in three senses : 1. For the vessels or 
 canals, which give passage to the excrements of 
 the body. 2. For a periodica] attack or accession 
 of fever: and .3. For the approach of similar or 
 dissimilar things which may be useful or hurtful 
 to the bodv. — -Castelli. 
 
 EPH'RATA SPRINGS. These are in Lan- 
 caster County, Pennsylvania. The water is pure: 
 and facilities are afforded for bathing — -warm and 
 cold. 
 
 EPI, Spica. 
 
 EPI'ALOS, Hspi'alos, Quer'cera, Quer'quera. 
 A name given by the ancients to fever, when the 
 hot stage was mingled with irregular chills. Also, 
 the cold stage of fever. 
 EPIALTES, Incubus. 
 EPIAMA, Lenitive. 
 EPIAN, Framboesia. 
 EPIBLEMA, Catablema. 
 EPIBOLE, Incubus. 
 EPICANTHIS, Canthus. 
 
 Epican'this, from sjti, and kovOo;, 'the angle 
 of the eye.' A defective formation, in which a 
 fold of skin passes from the root of the nose over 
 the inner canthus of the e3'e. 
 
 EPICAR'PIUM, Pericar'pium, from £-(, and 
 KapTzos, 'the wrist.' An application made to the 
 wrists, or to the region of the pulse, was so called. 
 EPICAIIMA, Encauma. 
 EPICAUSIS, Encauma. 
 EPICERASTICA, Emollients. 
 EPICHOLOS, Bilious. 
 EPICHORDIS, Mesentery. 
 EPICHORION, Deeidua. 
 EPICHORIUM, Epidermis. 
 EPICHRISIS, Inunctio. 
 
 EPICHRO'SIS, Spilo'sis, from ctti, and xpciia, 
 ' colour.' Simple discoloration of the surface. — 
 Good. Ephelides. 
 
 Epichrosis Spilt, see Naevus. 
 EPICHYSIS, Affusion. 
 EPICCELIDES, Cilia, Palpebra (superior.) 
 EPICOS'MASIS, from miKoiiiaonai, (ikl, and 
 KoinaojjiaL, 'to lie down to rest,' 'to sleep.') De- 
 cu'bitus ad dormien'dum et Dorinit"io. The po- 
 sition of sleeping, as well as sleeping itself. 
 
 EPICOL'IC, from c^i, and k(i>aov, 'the colon.' 
 The epicolic regions, regio'nes ejncol'iccB, are 
 those parts of the abdomen which correspond to 
 the colon. 
 
 EPICOLLESIS, Agglutination. 
 EPICON'DYLE, Epicon'dylus, from es-i, and 
 KovivXog, 'a condyle.' A name given, by Chaus- 
 sier, to an eminence at the outer part of the infe- 
 rior extremity of the os humeri ; so called, be- 
 cause it is seated above the condyle. The epi- 
 condyle gives attachment to the outer lateral 
 ligament of the elbow joint, and to a very strong 
 tendon to which several of the muscles of the 
 posterior part of the forearm are attached. 
 
 EPICONDYLO-CUBITALIS, see Anconeus — 
 e. Radial, Supinator radii brevis — e. Sns-me.tn- 
 earpien, see Radialis — e. Sns-phalangetfieu com- 
 nmn. Extensor digitorum communis — e. Sus-phn- 
 langettiendu petit cZoigri, Extensor proprius minimi 
 digiti. 
 
 EPICOPHO'SIS, fromsTj, and /.-w^wa,?, ' deaf- 
 ness.' Deafness supervening on another disease. 
 EPICRA'NIUM, from etti, and K^aviov, 'the 
 cranium.' A name given to different parts seated 
 on the cranium. The skin, aponeurosis between 
 
EPICRANIUS 
 
 344 
 
 EPIGASTRIC 
 
 the occipital and frontal muscles, and the whole 
 of the scalp, have been so called. Portal in- 
 cludes under this name the occipito-frontalis 
 muscle, pyramidalis nasi, and superior and ante- 
 rior auriL'ular muscles. The pericranium. 
 
 EPICRANIUS, Occipito-frontalis. 
 
 EPICRA'SIS, Oo7i tempera' tio, from c-mKcpavvv- 
 fii, (c-i, and KtpavvvnL, ' I mix,') ' I temper.' A 
 term used by the humourists for an amelioration 
 of the h amours. They called Cure by Epierasis 
 — per epicrasin, a mode of treatment by imagined 
 alteratives, which they supposed to be possessed 
 of the povj'er of gradually correcting the vitiated 
 humours. 
 
 EPICROUSIS, Percussion. 
 
 EPICTENIUM, Pubes. 
 
 EPICTETI MORBI, Acquired diseases. 
 
 EPICYEMA, Superfojtation. 
 
 EPICYESIS, Superfoetation. 
 
 EPICYSTOTOMIA, see Lithotomy. 
 
 EPIDEISIS, Deligation. 
 
 EPIDEM'IC, Epide'mius, Epidem'iexis, (F.) 
 Epideniique. Same etymon as Epidemy. Ap- 
 pertaining to an epidemy. An epidemy. 
 
 Epide.mic CoNSTiTUTio>f, Epidemy — e. Disease, 
 Epidemy — e. Influence, Epidemy. 
 
 EPIDEMIOITE, see Epidemy. 
 
 EPIDEMIC US, Epidemy. 
 
 EPIDEMIC G' RAPH Y, Epidemiograph'ia, 
 from £7:1, 'upon,' di?/;oy, 'the people,' and ypa(pr;, 
 ' a description.' A history or description of 
 epidemics. 
 
 EPIDEMIC L'OGY, Epidemiolog"ia, from 
 epidemy, and Xoyoj, 'a description.' The doc- 
 trine of epidemics. 
 
 EPIDE31IQUE, Epidemy. 
 
 EPIDEMIUS, Epidemy. 
 
 EP'IDEMY, Epidem'ic, Epide'mia, Ilorhus 
 puh'licus seu popida'ris seu epidem'icus sou epi- 
 de'mius, Epidcm'io disease, E. influence, E. con- 
 stitution ; from em, and 5?7/uof, 'the people.' (F.) 
 Epidemie. A disease which attacks at the same 
 time a number of individuals, and which is re- 
 ferred to some particular constitutio aeris, or 
 condition of the atmosphere, with which we are 
 utterly ignorant. It differs from endemic, the 
 latter being owing to locality; but it is obvious, 
 that should a particular epidemic consitution of 
 the air — epidemic"ity, (F. ) epjidemicite — exist 
 along with a favouring endemic condition, these 
 combined influences may act in the causation of 
 several of those serious and fatal complaints, 
 which at times visit a district, and are never 
 afterwards met with, or at least not until after 
 she lapse of a considerable period. 
 
 EPIDENDRUM VANILLA, see Vanilla. 
 
 EPID'ERIS, Epider'rhis, Ejnder'rhion, Hy- 
 pod'eris, Hypoder'mis, Hypoder'rhis, from c-nt, 
 and &tpas, 'a skin.' This word, with some, means 
 the nymphse ; with others, the clitoris; with 
 others, again, the prepuce of the clitoris. 
 
 EPIDERMA, Epidermis. 
 
 EPIDERMATIS, Epidermis. 
 
 EPIDER'MIC, Epiderm'ieus, Epiderm'al, Epi- 
 derma'lis, (F.) Epidermiqne : same etymon as 
 epidermis. Belonging to the epidermis, — as 
 
 EPIDERMIC CELLS, see Cell, epidermic. 
 
 EPIDERMIDON'OSI, Epidermidonu'si, from 
 fni6tpmi, ' epidermis,' and voaos, ' disease.' Dis- 
 eases of the epidermis. 
 
 EPIDERMION, Epidermis. 
 
 EPIDER'MIS, Ejnder'mion, Epider'matis, 
 Epider'ma, Epiclio'rium, Smn'niitas cutis, Cutic'- 
 ula, G. ex'tima seu extre'ma, Cutis extima seu 
 eumma seu ul'tima, Pellis aumma, PeUic'ida sum- 
 ma seu snpe'rior, Lam'ina prima cutis, Oper'eu- 
 lum. cutis, from ctti, ' upon,' and Scpixa, ' the true 
 
 skin.' Scarf-skin, Cuticle. (P.) Surpeau, Cuticule. 
 A transparent, dry, thin membrane, devoid of 
 nerves and vessels, which covers all the surface 
 of the body, except the parts that correspond to 
 the nails. It appears to consist of minute scales, 
 placed one above the other. Chaussier considers 
 it to be formed and reproduced by an excretory 
 action of the true skin ; to act like a dry varnish, 
 which prevents the immediate contact of bodies 
 with the nervous papillse, and consequently to 
 deaden tactile impressions, which, without its in- 
 tervention, might be painful. The Epider'mic, 
 Epider'meous, or Epider'moid (as Bichat called 
 it) System, in general anatomy, comprises three 
 parts. 1. External Epidermis. 2. Epidermis 
 spread over the mucous membranes. 3. The 
 Nails and Hair. 
 
 Epidermis Linguae, see Tongue. 
 
 EPIDERMOID, Epidermal' des, from epider- 
 mis, and uios, ' resemblance.' Resembling the 
 epidermis. 
 
 EPIDERRHION, Epideris. 
 
 EPIDERRHIS. Epideris. 
 
 EPIDERRHITIS, Nymphitis. 
 
 EPIDESIS, see Bandage — e. Haemostasia, Li- 
 gature. 
 
 EPIDESMIS, Epidesmus. 
 
 EPIDBSMUM, Epidesmus. 
 
 'E,VH)'E^Q'M.\]B,Epides'mis,Epides'mum,Snper- 
 liga'men, from etti, and Etio, 'I bind.' A fascia, 
 bandage or ligature, by which dressings are se- 
 cured. — Hippocrates. 
 
 EPIDID'YMIS, from tir:, ' upon,' and ^i^u/ioj, 
 ' a testicle.' Epidid'ymus, Did'ymis, Paras'tata, 
 Testic'idus accesso'rius, Caput testis, Corp}is vari- 
 co'sum. seu varicifor'me testis, Supergemina'lis, 
 (F.) Corpus variqueux ou variciforme. That which 
 is placed upon the testicle. A small, oblong, ver- 
 miform, grayish body, lying along the superior 
 margin of the testicle. The Epididymis is a 
 canal formed by the union of all the seminiferous 
 vessels folded several times vipon themselves, 
 after having traversed the Co7-pus Highmoria'- 
 iium. Its lower portion or tail, Cauda seu globus 
 seu capiut minor, is curved upwards, and is con- 
 tinuous with the vas deferens ; the opposite ex- 
 tremity is called the head, g'^ofeffs a&ucapiut major. 
 The length of this canal, folded as it is upon it- 
 self and describing numerous curvatures, is, ac- 
 cording to Munro, 32 feet. 
 
 EPIDIDYMITIS, Parastatitis — e. Blennor- 
 rhagie. Hernia humoralis. 
 
 EPID'OSIS, from etti, 'upon,' and SiEiafxi, 'to 
 give.' Augmentation, increase. A word applied 
 to the natural increase of the body, or to the in- 
 crease of a disease. 
 
 EPID'ROME, Epidrom'ia, Ejv'pJi'ora, from 
 £77ii5()£^a), (ETTi, and ipsfiw, 'I run,') 'I run upon.' 
 An afiiux or congestion of humours. — Galen. 
 
 EPIDROMIA, Epidrome. 
 
 EPIFAGUS AMERICANUS, Orobanche Vir- 
 giniana — e. Virginianus, Orobanche Vivainiann. 
 
 EPIG^'A (properly EPIGE'A) RE PENS, 
 (etti, 'upon,' and yi?, 'the earth,' from its trailing 
 growth. ) Trailing Ar'butns, Ground Laurel, 
 Mayfloioer, called, by the Shakers, Gravelplant. 
 A small, trailing plant, of the Family Ericacece, 
 which grows in sandy woods, or in rocky soil, 
 especially in the shade of pines. Its flowers 
 appear in early spring, and exhale a rich, spicy 
 fragrance. The leaves and stems are prepared 
 and used like uva ursi. 
 
 EPIGASTRAL'GIA, from epigastrium, and 
 aXyof, 'pain.' Pain at the epigastrium. 
 
 EPIGAS'TRIC, Epigas'tricus, Epigas'trivg, 
 from EOT, 'upon,' and yaoT)?p, ' the stomach.' This 
 name has been given to several parts. 
 
 Epigastric Ab'tery, Arte'ria epigas'trica, 
 Artere sus-pubienne, (Ch.) It arises from the 
 
EPIGASTRICUS 
 
 S45 
 
 EPILEPSY 
 
 externaliliac, on a level with the crural arch ; 
 sometimes by a trunk proper to it, at others by 
 one common to it and the Obturator artery. It 
 ascends upwards and inwards, behind the sper- 
 matic cord, follows the outer edge of the rectus 
 abdominis muscle, and anastomoses, towards the 
 umbilicus, with the internal mammary. The 
 epigastric artery anastomoses, also, with the ob- 
 turator, spermatic, lumbar, and intercostal ves- 
 sels. 
 
 Epigastric Region, Rerjlo epigas'trica seu ear- 
 di'aca seu stomach' ica seu stomacha'Hs, is the 
 superior region of the abdomen, comprised be- 
 tween the false ribs on each side, and extending 
 from the lower surface of the diaphragm to two 
 fingers' breadth above the umbilicus. It is 
 divided into three parts, one middle, the epigas'- 
 irium, — and two lateral, the hi/poehoii'dria. 
 
 Epigastric Vein follows nearly the same course 
 as the artery. 
 
 EPIGASTRICUS, Epigastric. 
 
 EPIGAS'TRIUM. Same etymon. The belly; 
 the epigastric region. 
 
 EPIGASTRICUS, Epigastric. 
 
 EPIGASTROCE'LE, from ewt, yaornp, ' the sto- 
 mach,' and KtiXn, 'a tumour.' Hernia, formed by 
 the stomach ; Gas'troce'le. This name has been 
 given more especially to hernia, which occurs to- 
 wards the upper part of the linea alba or in the 
 epigastric region, whether formed or not by the 
 stomach. 
 
 EPIGEA, Epigsea.. 
 
 EPIGENEMA, Epigenesis. 
 
 EPIGEN'ESIS, from evt, and ycveai?, 'genera- 
 tion.' A theory of conception, according to which 
 the new being is created entirely anew; and re- 
 ceives at once from each parent the materials 
 necessary for its formation. Also, a new forma- 
 tion. 
 
 Epigenesis, as well as Epigene'ma, or Epigen- 
 ne'ma, is, also, applied to any symptom occurring 
 during a disease, without changing its nature. 
 An accessory symptom. Epiginom'enos, Sup)er- 
 ve'niens, has a similar acceptation. 
 
 EPIGINOMENOS, see Epigenesis. 
 
 EPIGLOT'TIC, Eplglot'ticus : same etymon 
 as Epiglottis. Relating to the epiglottis. 
 
 Epiglottic Gland, Periglot'tia, Caro glandu- 
 lo'sa. A collection of small, glandular granula, 
 situate in the adipose, areolar texture at the 
 base of the anterior surface of the epiglottis, in a 
 triangular space, bounded anteriorly by the thy- 
 ro-hyoid membrane and thyroid cartilage. It 
 pours out an unctuous and mucous fluid, which 
 lubricates the epiglottis, keeps it supple and 
 movable, and prevents the larj'nx from being 
 irritated by the constant passage of the air, in 
 the act of respiration. 
 
 EPIGLOT'TIS, from OT, and yAurnj, 'the glot- 
 tis.' Epiglot'tlc cartilage, Lig'idri, Operculum 
 laryn'gis. Lingua Ex'igua, Lin'gula fi.s'tulcB, Suh- 
 lin'gnum, Snperlig'ida. A tibro-cartihxge, situate 
 at the upper part of the larynx, behind the base 
 of the tongue. Its form is oval ; texture elastic; 
 thickness greater below than above, and greater 
 in the middle than at the sides. By its smaller 
 extremity, which is the lower, it is attached to 
 the thyroid cartilage; its two surfaces are covered 
 by the mucous membrane of the pharynx and 
 "larynx. The special use of the epiglottis would 
 seem to be to cover the glottis accurately at the 
 moment of deglutition, and, thus, to assist in op- 
 posing the passage of alimentary substances into 
 the air tubes. 
 
 EPIGLOTTI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Epiglot'tidis, 
 Angi'na epiglottide'a, (F.) Inflammation de I'Epi- 
 glotte. Inflammation of the epiglottis. 
 
 EPIGLOT'TUM. An instrument, mentioned 
 
 by Paracelsus, for raising the eyelids. It resem- 
 bled the epiglottis in shape. 
 
 EPIGLOU'TIS, from £7rt,and yXoi-ro;, ' the but- 
 tocks.' The superior region of the nates. — 
 GorriBus. 
 
 EPIGNA'THUS, from tm, 'upon,' and yvaBos, 
 'the jaw.' A double monster, in which an incom- 
 plete foetus is rooted, with its blood vessels in the 
 palate of one more complete. 
 
 EPIG'ONE, Gone, Hgpopli'yuis, Progen'ies, 
 Proles, Soh'oles, Sub'oles, from ettj, and yov^-j, 
 ' sperm.' Offspring. Progeny. Also, Superfoe- 
 tation. 
 
 EPIGONION, Foetus. 
 
 EPIGONIS. Patella. 
 
 EPIGONON, Superfoetation. 
 
 EPIGOUNIS, Patella. 
 
 EPIGUNIS, Patella. 
 
 EPILATOIRE, Depilatory. 
 
 EPILATORIUM, Depilatory. 
 
 EPILEMPSIS, Epilepsy. 
 
 EPILENTIA, Epilepsy. 
 
 EPILEPSIA, Epilepsy — e. Acuta Infantum, 
 Eclampsia — e. Algetica, see Algos — e. Febrilis 
 infantum. Eclampsia — e. Nocturna, Incubus — e. 
 Puerilis, Eclampsia infantum — e. Saltatoria, Cho- 
 rea — e. Uterina, Lorind matricis. 
 
 EPILEPSIE, Epilepsy— e. Uterine, Hysteria 
 — e. Vertige, see Epilepsia. 
 
 EP'ILEPSY, 'tepr; vovtTos, ceXrjvaia rovaos, Epi- 
 lep'sia, Epilej/sis, Ej^Hempi'sia, Ep>ilen'tio, St/s- 
 jia'aia Epilepsia, Catalen'tia, Deciden'tia, Pas'aio 
 cadi'va, Heracle'us morbus, Hieran'osus, Depre- 
 hen'sio, Clonos epilep'sia, Prehen'sio, Perdit"io, 
 Epilep'tica pas'sio. Morbus comit''ialis seu cadu'- 
 cus seu Hercide' us seu sacer seu astra'Hs seu 
 sidera'tus seu darnoni'acus seu Sancti Johan'nia 
 seu foedus seu pueri'lis seu magntis seu major seu 
 interlu'nius seu divi'niia seu damo'nius seu son'- 
 ticus seu aeleni' acus seu lunat'iciis seu 7nensa'lis 
 seu deif'icua seu sceles'tus seu viiriola'tus seu 
 viridel'lus seu Sancti Vcdenti'ni, Malum cadu'- 
 cum, Analep'sia, Catapto'sis, Insa'nia cadi'va, 
 Apoplex'ia parva, Cadu'ca pas'sio, Lues divi'na, 
 Vit'ium cadu'cum seu divi'num seu Hcrcule'um, 
 Falling sickness. Falling-down, (Old E.) Falland- 
 evyl, (F.) Mai caduc ou divin ou Saint-Jean ou 
 de Terre, Hautmal, Goutte cadnque. The word 
 is derived from £Tn.\ajj.jiavfii, 'future,' nriXn^'o, 
 [mi, and ^.a/iPavui, ' 1 seize,') 'I seize upon.' It is 
 a disease of the brain, which may either be idio- 
 pathic or symptomatic, spontaneous or accidental, 
 and which occurs in paroxysms, with uncertain 
 intervals between. These paroxysms are cha- 
 racterized by loss of consciousness and by con- 
 vulsive motions of the muscles. Frequently, the 
 fit attacks suddenly; at other times, it is pre- 
 ceded by indisposition, vertigo, and stupor. At 
 times, before the loss of consciousness occurs, a 
 sensation of a cold vapour is felt, hence called 
 aura epilep'tica. This appears to rise in some 
 I part of the body, proceeds towards the head ; 
 and as soon as it has reached the brain the 
 j patient falls down. The ordinary duration of a 
 I fit is from 5 to 20 minutes. Sometimes it goes 
 I ofi" in a few seconds; at others, it is protracted 
 I for hours. In all cases, there is a loss of sensa- 
 tion, sudden falling down, distortion of the eyes 
 and face; countenance of a red, purple or violet 
 colour; grinding of the teeth; foaming at the 
 mouth ; convulsions of the limbs ; difficult respi- 
 ration, generally stertorous ; with, sometimes, in- 
 voluntary discharge of ffeces and urine. After 
 the fit, the patient retains not the least recol- 
 lection of what has passed, but remains, for 
 some time, affected with head-ach, stupor, and 
 lassitude. 
 
 The disease is in the brain, and is generally 
 
EPILEPTIC 
 
 346 
 
 ei*iphVte 
 
 organic; but it may be functional and sympto- 
 matic of irritation in other parts, as in the sto- 
 mach, bowels, &e. The prognosis, as to ultimate 
 recovery, is unfavourable. It does not, however, 
 frequently destroy life, but is apt to lead to men- 
 tal imbecility. Dissection has not thrown light 
 on its pathology. 
 
 To the attacks of epilepsy which are unaccom- 
 panied by convulsions, as is sometimes th« case, 
 the French give the name Petit-mal, and IJpi- 
 lepsie Vertige, Cer'ehral Epilepey. Fully formed 
 epilepsy is the Grand-mal of the French, Spinal 
 Epilepsy. When furious mania succeeds to a 
 paroxysm, it is termed Mania e])ileptica and 
 Epileptic Delirium. 
 
 In the treatment, the cause must be sought 
 after, and if possible removed. In the paroxysm, 
 but little can be done , but as the tongue is liable 
 to be injured by the teeth, the jaws may be kept 
 open by putting a cork or piece of wood between 
 them. If the fit has been brought on by indi- 
 gestible food, the stomach must be cleared. It 
 is between the paroxysms that the great effort 
 must be made. Generally, there is considerable 
 irritability and debility of the nervous system, 
 and hence tonics have been found the best reme- 
 dies. Of these, perhaps the most powerful, in 
 epilepsy, is the argenti nitras, given regularly 
 and continued for months, if necessary. Prepa- 
 rations of iron, copper, and zinc, have also been 
 used, and vegetable tonics and antispasmodics in 
 general. Counter irritants, as blisters, moxa, 
 &c., may be employed, if necessary, along with 
 this course. 
 
 Unfortunately, in many cases, these means are 
 found insufficient, and all that can be done is to 
 palliate, removing carefully the exciting causes; 
 such as the use of spirituous liquors, strong emo- 
 tions, violent exercise, &c.; and regulating the 
 diet. 
 
 Epilepsy, Cbrkbeal, see Epilepsy — e. Spinal, 
 see Epilepsy. 
 
 EPILEP'TIC, Epilep'ticua, Epilep'tus, Lunat'- 
 icus, Cadu'cans; same etymon. One affected 
 with epilepsy. Any thing relating to epilepsy ; 
 as an epilep'tic individual; an epilep'tic symp- 
 tom. Some authors also speak of epileptic reme- 
 dies. 
 
 EPILEP'TOID, Einleptoi'des; same etymon. 
 Resembling epilepsy — as ' epileptoid symptoms.' 
 
 EPILO'BIUM ANGUSTIFO'LIUM, (from 
 eirt, Xo|3ou, and lov, 'a violet on a pod,') Great Willow 
 herb. An indigenous plant. Order, Onagracese, 
 which flowers in July. The root is emollient and 
 slightly astringent. 
 
 Epilobidm Colora'tdm, Purple-veined Willow 
 herb, has similar properties. 
 
 Epilobium Villo'sum, a South African plant, 
 is used at the Cape of Good Hope as a domestic 
 remedy for cleansing foul ulcers. 
 
 EPIM'ANES, from t-atnaivo^ai, {e-m, and fiaivo- 
 fiai, ' I am in a rage at.') A name given to a ma- 
 niac when in a paroxysm. 
 
 EPIMELE'TAI, from cffi/isXto/iai, {m, and 
 /tcXo), 'I take care,') 'I take care of.' A name by 
 which the ancient Persians called the eurers of 
 toonnds, who followed their armies. 
 
 EPIMOR'IOS, 'unequal;' from tiri, and jxugia, 
 '1 divide.' An epithet applied to the pulse when 
 unequal. — Galen. 
 
 EPINARD, Spinacia — e. Sauvage, Chenopo- 
 dium bonus Henricus. 
 
 EPINE, Spine — e. de Cerf, Rhamnus — &. du 
 Dos, Vertebral column — e. Guttiirale, Nasal spine, 
 inferior and posterior — e. Sphenoidale, Sphenoi- 
 dal spine — e. Vinette, Oxyacantha Galeni. 
 EPINEMESIS, Dispensation. 
 
 EPINEPH'ELOS, Nubilo'sus. Presenting a 
 cloud. Applied to the urine. — Hippocrates. 
 
 EPINEUX, Spinous — e. du Dos, grand, Spi- 
 nalis dorsi major : see Interspinales dorsi et lum- 
 borum — e. du Dos, petit, see Interspinales dorsi 
 et lumborum. 
 EPINGLE, Pin. 
 EPINTERE, Spinal. 
 EPINOTION, Scapula. 
 
 EPINYC'TIDES, from £77«, and vvl, vvktos, . 
 ' the night.' Eruptions which appear on the skin 
 in the night, and disappear in the day. Pus' tula 
 livens et noc'tibus inquie'tans. — Pliny. 
 
 EPINYCTIS PRURIGINOSA, Urticaria. 
 
 EPIONE, Decidua. 
 
 EPIPAROXYS'MUS. A paroxysm super- 
 added to an ordinary paroxysm. 
 
 EPIPASTUM, Catapasma. 
 
 EPIPE'CHU, mnrixM, from tm, and ir^j^uf) 
 'the elbow.' The upper part of the elbow. The 
 part above the elbow. — Gorrseus. 
 
 EPIPEPHYCOS, Conjunctiva. 
 
 EPIPH^NOM'ENON, Post appa'rena, Epi- 
 phenom'enon; same etymon as the next. Any 
 kind of adventitious symptom which occurs 
 during the progress of an affection ; and which 
 is not as intimately connected with the existence 
 of the disease as the symptoms properly so called. 
 
 EPIPHA'NIA, from £-1, and (paivoi, 'I exhi- 
 bit.' The external appearance of the body. — 
 Castelli. 
 
 EPIPHEGUS VIRGI-NIANA, Orobanche 
 Virginiana. 
 
 EPIPHENOMENON, Epiphsenomenon. 
 
 EPIPH'LEBUS, from tn, and ^Xsi//, (pXclict, 
 'a vein.' An epithet given to those whose veins 
 are very apparent. — Hippoc, Aretseus. 
 
 EPIPHLEGIA, Inflammation. 
 
 EPIPHLOGISMA, Erysipelatous inflamma- 
 tion. 
 
 EPIPHLOGOSIS, Hyperphlogosis. 
 
 EPIPH'ORA, Dacryno'ma, Lacryma'tio, De- 
 lacryma'tio, Illacryma'tio, Stillieid'ium lacryma'- 
 rum, Oc'idus lac' ry mans ; from eirKpepii), {em, and 
 0£p(<),) 'I carry to.' Weeping. {'E.) Larmoiement. 
 The watery eye; — an involuntary and constant 
 flow of tears upon the cheek. It is almost alwaj-s 
 symptomatic of some disease of the lachrymal 
 passages, and occurs when the tears cannot pass 
 into the ductus ad nasum. Occasionally, it is 
 owing to the tears being secreted in too great 
 quantity ; as in certain cases of ophthalmia. The 
 treatment must of course be directed to the re- 
 moval of the cause. 
 
 Epiphora, Epidrome, Ophthalmia — e. Alvi, 
 Diarrhoea — e. Ptyalismus, Salivation. 
 
 EPIPHYMATA, Cutaneous diseases. 
 
 EPIPH'YSTS, Additamen'tum, from en, and 
 (pvu), ' I arise.' Any portion of a bone, separated 
 from the body of the bone by a cartilage, which 
 becomes converted into bone by age. The epi- 
 physis of the foetus becomes the apophysis of the 
 adult. 
 
 Epiphysis Cruris Lokgioris Incudis, Os or- 
 biculare. 
 
 EP'TPRYTE, Epiph'yton, (pi. Epiph'yta,) from 
 cTTt, and (pvTov, 'a plant.' Phyto-parasite. A 
 parasite derived from the vegetable kingdom. 
 Epiphytes are divided by Vogel into, 1. Vegeta- 
 tions in the human fluids, as the tor'ula cerevis'ica 
 in vomited fluids, and faecal evacuations, and the 
 sar'cina ventric'uli. 2. Vegetations on the ex- 
 ternal skin and its appendages, as in tinea favosa, 
 mentagra, herpes tonsurans and plica polonica; 
 and, 3. Vegetations on the mucous membrane, — 
 as in the aphthae of children ; in the cicatrices of 
 the mucous membrane after typhus, &a. By 
 some, the term epiphytes is restricted to those 
 
EPIPLASMA 
 
 347 
 
 EPISIONCUS 
 
 vegetable parasites which grow on tho surface of 
 the body. 
 
 EPIPLAS'MA, from e7:t7T\aaaii>,[nn, and r^aacb), 
 'I smear,') 'I plaster.' Cataplasm. Galen uses 
 it especially for an application of wheaten flour, 
 boiled in hydrelcBuni, and applied to wounds. 
 
 EPIPLE'GIA, from tn-i, and n^rjyrj, 'a stroke.' 
 Paralysis of the upper extremities. 
 
 EPIPLERO'SIS, from tm, and rrMpuiais, 're- 
 pletion.' Excessive repletion ; distension. 
 
 EPIP'LOCE, from nrt, and jtAcko), 'I twine.' 
 Coition. Entanglement. 
 
 Epip'loce Intestina'lis, Conglomera' tio i'n- 
 testino'rum. Conglomeration of the intestines. 
 
 EPIPLOCE'LE, from epiploon, and Kri\tj, 'tu- 
 mour.' Epip'loic ker'nia, Zirha'lis hernia, Her- 
 nia omenta'lis, Omental hernia, (F.) Hernia de 
 Vepiploon. Omental hernia is recognised — but at 
 times with difficulty — by a soft, unequal, pasty 
 tumour, in which no gurgling sound is heard on 
 pressing or reducing it. It is less dangerous than 
 hernia of the intestines. 
 
 EPIPLO-ENTEROGE'LE, from epiploon, tv- 
 Tepov, 'intestine,' and KrjXr), 'tumour.' Hernia, 
 formed by the epiploon and a portion of intes- 
 tine. It is more commonly called En'tero-epi- 
 •ploce'le. 
 
 EPIPLOENTEROOSCHEOCE'LE, Epiplo- 
 enteroschoce'le, from epi2)loon, evrtpov, 'intestine,' 
 oaxcov, 'scrotum,' and (ci/Aj;, 'rupture.' Hernia 
 with omentum and intestine in the scrotum. 
 
 EPIP'LOIC, Ep>iplo'icus. Relating to the 
 epiploon. 
 
 Epiploic Appendages, Appendiculse pingue- 
 dinosEe. 
 
 Epiploic Ar'teries; Arte'ricB EpiploHccB. 
 The arterial branches, which are distributed to 
 the epiploon, and which are given off by the gas- 
 tro-epiploic£e. _ 
 
 EPIPLO-ISCHIOCE'LE, from epiploon, laxi- 
 ov, 'the ischium,' and ktiXtj, 'a tumour.' Hernia 
 formed by the epiploon through the ischiatic 
 notch. 
 
 EPIPLOI'TIS, from epiploon, and itis, deno- 
 ting inflammation. Inflammation of the omen- 
 tum ; Omenti'tis, Empresma peritonitis omenta'lis, 
 Omenti infiamma' tio, Enteri'tis epiplo'i'tis, Omen- 
 te'ais. A form of partial peritonitis. 
 
 EPIPLOMEROCE'LE, from epiploon, /xripos, 
 'the thigh,' and k»;A>?, 'a tumour.' Femoral her- 
 nia, formed by the epiploon. 
 
 EPIPLOMPHALOCELE, Epiplomphalon. 
 
 EPIPLOM'PHALON, E2nplodm'phalon, Epi- 
 plomphaloce'le, Hernia iimbilica'lis, from e^ji- 
 ploon, and'op(pa\og, 'the navel.' Umbilical hernia, 
 formed by the epiploon. 
 
 EPIPLOM'PHRASIS, from epiplooti, and efx- 
 (ppaaao), '1 obstruct.' Induration of the epiploon. 
 
 EPIPLOOCOMIS'TES, from epiploon, and 
 KOfit^iii, 'I carry.' One who has the omentum 
 morbidly large. Also, one labouring under epi- 
 plocele. 
 
 EPIP'LOON, ^joipVounj, from t-m, 'above,' and 
 ttXeci), 'I swim or float.' Omen' turn, Bete, Retic'- 
 ulwnj Dertron ; Zirhus, Gan'game, Gangamum, 
 Operimen'tnm inteatino'rum, Saceus epiploicus, 
 Sage'na, The Caul, (Prov.) Flich, Web. A pro- 
 longation of the peritoneum, which floats above 
 a portion of the intestines, and is formed of two 
 membranous layers, with vessels and fatty bands 
 distributed through it. Anatomists have de- 
 scribed several epiploons. The uses of the omen- 
 tum are but little Isnown. The chief one seems 
 to be, to retain the viscera in situ, and to give 
 passage to vessels. 
 
 Epiploon, Colic, Oolic Omen'tum, Omentum 
 co'licum, Third Epiploon or Omentum, is a dupli- 
 cature of the peritoneum, situate along the as- 
 
 cending portion of the colon, as far as its junc- 
 tion with the transverse portion. It is behind 
 the great epiploon, and fills up the angle formed 
 by the junction of the ascending with the trans- 
 verse colon. Its two laminse are separated by 
 colic arteries and veins. 
 
 Epiploon, Gastro-Colic, Great Omentum, 
 Omentum gastro-co'licum sen majus, PeritoncB'um 
 duplica'ttim, Jiete majus, Zirhus adipi'nus, con- 
 sists of an extensive duplicature, which is free 
 and floating on the folds of the intestines. It is 
 quadrilateral, and longer on the left side than on 
 the right: — its base being fixed, anteriorly, to 
 the great curvature of the stomach; and, poste- 
 riorly, to the arch of the colon. It is formed of 
 two laminae, each consisting of two others. In 
 this epiploon a number of vessfels is distributed, 
 and there is much fat. 
 
 Epiploon, Gastro-Hepatic, Lesser Omentum, 
 Omentum hep' ato-gas' trictim seu minus, ilemhra'- 
 na macilen'tior, is a duplicature of the peritoneum, 
 which extends transversely from the right side 
 of the cardia to the corresponding extremity of 
 the fissure of the liver, and downwards from thig 
 fissure to the lesser curvature of the stomach, the 
 pylorus and duodenum. Below it is the foramen 
 or hiatus of Winslow; and between its laminae 
 are lodged the biliary and hepatic vessels. It 
 contains but little fat. If air be blown in at the 
 foramen of Winslow, the cavity or sac of the omen- 
 tum, Sac'cus PeritoncB'i retroventricula'ris, JBursa 
 omenta'lis, will be rendered perceptible. 
 
 Epiploon, Gastro- Splenic, Gastro- Splenic 
 Omentum, Omentum Gastro-sple' nicum. A reflec- 
 tion of the peritoneum, which passes between the 
 concave surface of the spleen and the stomach, 
 from the cardiac orifice to near its great curva- 
 ture, and which lodges the vasa brevia and 
 splenic vessels between its laminae. 
 
 EPIPLOSARCOM'PHALUS, from epiploon, 
 nap^, aapKo;, 'flesh,' and on^paXos, 'the navel.' 
 Umbilical hernia, formed of indurated omentum. 
 
 EPIPLOSCHEOCE'LE, Epiploschoce'le, from 
 epiploon, oax^v, 'the scrotum,' and /o?^;?, 'tumour.' 
 Scrotal hernia, formed by a displacement of the 
 epiploon. 
 
 EPIPLOUM, Epiploon. 
 
 EPIPNOIA, AfiBatus. 
 
 EPIPORO'MA, from tTrnttopoo}, (tTn, and rupou),) 
 'Iharden.' A tophaceous concretion which forms 
 in the joints. The callus of fracture. 
 
 EPIR'RHOE, Epirrhoe'a, from e-ni, and petit, 
 'I flow.' Aflux or congestion of humours. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 EPIRRHCEA, Epirrhoe. 
 
 EPISARCIDIUM, Anasarca. 
 
 EPIS'CHESIS, Retention; from C7niTxu>, 'I 
 restrain.' A suppression of excretions. 
 
 EPISCHET'ICUS; same etymon. Sistens, 
 Reji'rimens, Co'hihens. 'Restraining.' An agent 
 that diminishes — secretion, for example. 
 
 EPISCHION, Abdomen, Pubes, Pubis os. 
 
 EPISCOPALES VALVULE, Mitral valves. 
 
 EPISEIOjST, Pubis (os). Vulva, Labium Pu- 
 dendi, Tressoria. 
 
 EPISEMA'SIA, from cviartfiatrw, {mi, and cnim, 
 'a sign,') 'I afford some sign.' Sema'sia. It has 
 been used synonymously with sign,imdL also with 
 the invasion of an attack of fever. See Annotatio. 
 
 EPISIOCELE, see Hernia, vulvar. 
 
 EPISKEDE'MA, from tviatiov, (modern.) 'the 
 labium pudendi,' and oiSrj/ia, 'oedema.' Qildema 
 of the labia pudendi. 
 
 EPISiOI'TIS, from maciov, 'the labium pu- 
 dendi,' and itis, denoting 'inflammation.' In- 
 flammation of the labia pudendi. 
 
 EPISION, Episeion. 
 
 EPISION'CUS, Episiophy'ma, from srrmciov, 
 
EPISIOPHYMA 
 
 3 18 
 
 EPITHELIUM 
 
 (modern,) 'the labium pudendi,' and oyKo;, 'a, 
 tumour.' Tumor labio'riim. A swelling or tu- 
 mour of the labia pudendi. 
 
 EPISIOPHYMA, Episioncus. 
 
 EPISIORRHAGr"IA, from eTrto-stoi',' the labium 
 pudendi,' and payrj, ' rupture.' Hemorrhage from 
 tne labia pudendi. 
 
 EPISIOR'RHAPHY, Episiorrhaph'ia, from 
 tviauuv, 'tiie labium pudendi,' 'the vulva,' and 
 pa'pri, ' suture.' An operation practised in cases 
 of prolapsus uteri, Tvhich consists in paring the 
 opposing surfaces of the labia pudendi, bringing 
 them togettier and uniting them by suture, so as 
 to diminish the outlet of the vulva. 
 
 EPISPA'DIA; Hyperspa'dia ; same etymon 
 as the next. The condition of an Epispadias. 
 
 EPISPA'DIAS, Epispadia' us, Atiaspa' dias, 
 Aiianjjadice'ns, Hypersjja'dias, Hyperspadics' us, 
 from tKi, 'above,' and crnau, 'I draw.' The op- 
 posite to Hypospadias. ' One who has a preter- 
 natural opening of the urethra at the upper part 
 of the penis. 
 
 EPISPAS'^TICS, Epispas'tica, Ves'icanfs, 
 Helc'tica, (F.) Epispastiqites ; same etymon. An 
 epithet for every medicinal substance which, 
 when applied to the sliin, excites pain, heat, and 
 more or less redness, followed by separation of 
 the epidermis, which is raised up by effused serum. 
 Cantharides and mustard are epispastics. See 
 Blister, and Derivative. 
 
 EPISPASTICUM, Blister. 
 
 EPISPASTIQUES, Epispastics. 
 
 EPISPASTUM, Catapasma. 
 
 EPISPH J3'RIA,from £7r£,and(T0a(pa, 'asphere.' 
 Some physiologists have applied this term to the 
 different convolutions and sinuosities presented 
 by the external surface of the brain. 
 
 EPISPHAGISMOS, Signature. 
 
 EPISPLENITIS. see Splenitis. 
 
 EPISTACTIS'CHBSIS, from epistaxis, and 
 i(T^£iv, 'to restrain'.' Arrest of bleeding from the 
 nose. 
 
 EPISTAPHYLINI, see Azygos Muscle. 
 
 EPIS'TASIS, Insiden'tin, from cm, and oratij, 
 'I rest.' A substance which swims at the sur- 
 face of urine. It is opposed to the hypostasis or 
 sediment. Epistasis has also been employed 
 synonymously with suppression. 
 
 EPISTAX'IS, from ciri, and (ttu^u, 'I flow drop 
 by drop.' HcB)norrha(j"ia acti'va na'rium, H. 
 narin'ea seu na'rium, Epistnx'is junio'rum seu 
 arterio'sa, Hce.morrhin'iu, HcBmorhiiiorrhag"ia, 
 HcBmatis'nius, Ghoanorrhag" ia, Rhi iiorrhag" in, 
 StilHcid'ium seu Stilla'tio Sang'uinis e nar' ibus, 
 Hem' orrhage from the pitu'itary membrane, Bleed- 
 ing at the nose, Nosebleed, (F.) Hemorrhagie 
 nasale, Saignement dti nez, Hemorrhinie. This is 
 one of the most common varieties of hemorrhage; 
 the organization of the Schneiderian membrane 
 being favourable to it, as the blood-vessels are 
 but slightly supported. It does not generally 
 flow from both nostrils, and is very apt to recur. 
 Puberty is the period at which it is most common. 
 Its exciting causes are: — any thing that will 
 induce local congestions, as running, coughing, 
 blowing the nose, &c., provided there be a pre- 
 disposition to it. A common case of epistaxis re- 
 quires but little treatment, especially if in a 
 young person. Light diet and a dose or two of 
 the sulphate of magnesia will be sufficient. In 
 more severe attacks, cold and astringent washes 
 of alum, sulphate of zinc, weak sulphuric acid, 
 or creosote, may be used, and the nostrils be 
 plugged anteriorly; but if the bleeding goes on 
 posteriorly, the posterior nares must be plugged 
 likewise, — the patient being kept with the head 
 raised. The flow of blood has been arrested by 
 directing the patient to stand up with his head 
 
 elevated, compressing the nostril whence the 
 blood flows with the finger, raising the corre- 
 sponding arm perpendicularly, and holding it in 
 this position for about two minutes. A less 
 vigorous circulation through the carotids appears 
 to result from the increased force required to 
 carry on the circulation through the upper ex- 
 tremities when raised. — Negrier. To prevent 
 the recurrence, strict diet must be inculcated. 
 
 EPISTER'NAL, Episterna'lis, from fTri, and 
 arepvov, ' the sternum.' An epithet applied to two 
 bones which form part of the sternum, and are 
 situate upon its superior and lateral part. In the 
 young subject, they are attached to the sternum 
 by a synovial membrane, and a fibrous capsule. 
 Tiiey have somewhat the appearance of the pisi- 
 form bones, but are of a greater size. 
 
 According to Professor Owen, the piece of a 
 segment of an articulate animal, which is imme- 
 diately above the middle inferior piece or sternum. 
 
 EPISTHOT'ONOS, from a^iae^v, 'forwards.' 
 and T£ivo), ' I extend.' A spasm of the muscles, 
 drawing the body forwards. The word emproa- 
 thotonos is more commonly employed. 
 
 EPISTROPHE, Relapse. 
 
 EPISTROPHEUS, Axis. 
 
 EPISTROPHUS^Axis. 
 
 EPISYNAN'CHE, (am, and synanche or cynan- 
 che,) Episynangi'na. A Greek word, used by a 
 modern writer for spasm of the pharynx, by 
 which deglutition is prevented, and the solid and 
 liquid food driven back towards the mouth or 
 nasal fossae. 
 
 EPISYNTHET'IC, Episynthet'icus, from CTri- 
 (TvvTi^rjfii, (eti, aw, and Tidijin,) ' to collect, accu- 
 mulate.' The name of a medical sect, whose ob- 
 ject it was to reconcile the principles of the Me- 
 thodists with those of the Empirics and Dogma- 
 tics. Leonides of Alexandria seems to have been 
 one of the first partisans of this sectj of which 
 we know little. 
 
 EPIT'ASIS, from siri, and raveiv, 'to extend.' 
 The period of violence of a fever, {Febris ■inten'- 
 sio,) attack or paroxysm; sometimes it is used iu 
 the same sense as epistasis, for 'suppression,' 
 
 EPITELIUM, Epithelium. 
 
 EPITHE'LIAL, Epithelia'lis ; same etymon 
 as epithelium. Appertaining or relating to the 
 epitlielium, — as epithelial cells, and scales. 
 
 Epithelial Cancer, Cancroid of the sJcin, 
 Epithelio'ma, Carcino' ma epithelio'des, is a morbid 
 growth of epithelial cells; forming an epiithelial 
 tumour, which, by some, is regarded as carci- 
 noma. See Cancroid. 
 
 EPITHELIOMA, Epithelial cancer. 
 
 EPITHE'LIUM, Ejnte'lium, E2)iihe'lis, E]}!- 
 the'lia, Endepiderm'is, frdm mi, and ^riXri, 'a 
 nipple.' The thin layer of epidermis, which 
 covers parts deprived of derma, properly so 
 called, — as the nipple, mucous membranes, lips, 
 &c. Modern histological researches have shown 
 that it exists, in diWereniiovms, pavement, cylinder, 
 and vibratile or ciliated e2yithelinm, I'esselated, 
 pavement, scaly, lamel'lar, iu'bular, or Jlatt.'ened 
 epithelium. Epithelium polyed'ricxim, and E. la- 
 mello' sum, (F.) Epithelium pavimentexix, covers the 
 serous and synovial membranes, the lining of 
 blood-vessels, and the mucous membranes, except 
 where cylinder epithelium exists. It is spread 
 over the mouth, pharynx and oesophagus, con- 
 junctiva, vagina, and entrance of the female 
 urethra. Cylinder, Colum'nar or Prismat'ic epi- 
 thelium, Epithe'lium cylin'dricum, (F.) Epithelium 
 cylindrique is found in the intestinal canal, 
 beyond the cardiac orifice of the stomach; in the 
 larger ducts of the salivary glands ; in the ductus 
 communis choledochus, prostate, Cowper's glands, 
 vesiculae seminales, vas deferens, tubuli uriniferi. 
 
EPITHEM 
 
 349 
 
 EQUIVOROUS 
 
 and urethra of the male; and lines the urinary 
 passages of the female, from the orifice of the 
 urethra to the beginning of the tubuli uriniferi 
 of the kidneys. In all these situations, it is con- 
 tinuous with tesselated epithelium, which lines 
 the more delicate ducts of the various glands. 
 For the uses of the ciliated ejyithelium, Epithe- 
 lium vibrans, see Cilia. 
 
 Mr. Bowman has applied the term spheroidal 
 to a variety of epithelium, the cells of which, for 
 the most part, retain their primitive roundness,- 
 or, being flattened where they touch, acquire a 
 polyhedral figure. At times, these show a dis- 
 position to pass into the columnar, or the tesse- 
 lated variety; and, hence, this form has been 
 called the transit" ional. The spheroidal epithe- 
 lium is found in the urinary passages, where it 
 succeeds the columnar epithelium of the urethra 
 at the internal orifice of that canal, and lines the 
 whole of the bladder, ureters and pelves of the 
 kidneys. It is found, also, in the excretory ducts 
 of the mammary, perspiratory, and of. many 
 raucous, glands; and a modification of it lines the 
 inmost secreting cavities or commencing ducts of 
 glands generally. 
 
 EP'ITHEM, Epith'ema or Epithe'ma, from evt, 
 and TiSijiit, ' I put.' This term is applied to every 
 topical application, which cannot be classed 
 either under ointments or plasters. Three sorts 
 of epithems have been usually distinguished, — 
 the liquid, dry, and soft, which comprise fomen- 
 tations, hags filled with dry substances, and eata- 
 pilasms. 
 
 EPITH'ESIS. Same etymon. The rectifica- 
 tion of crooked limbs by means of instruments. 
 
 EPITHYM'I^, from eti, and %of, 'desire.' 
 Morbid desires or longings. 
 
 EPITHYMIAMA, Fumigation. 
 
 EPITHYMUM, Cuscuta epithymum — e. Offi- 
 cinarum, Cuscuta Europasa. 
 
 EPITROCH'LEA, from zm, and rpoxaXia, < a. 
 pulley.' {¥.) Epitrochlee. That which is situate 
 above a pulley. Chaussier gives this name to the 
 unequal, round protuberance situate on the inside 
 of the inferior extremity of the humerus above its 
 articular trochlea. It is the part usually called 
 the inner or lesser condyle of the humerus. From 
 it originate several muscles of the forearm, to 
 which it has given part of their names, according 
 to the system of Chaussier. 
 
 EPITROCHLO-CARPI-PALMATRE, Pal- 
 maris longus — e. Gahito-carpien, see Cubital mus- 
 cles — i. Iletacarpien, Palmaris magnus — e. Pha- 
 langinien commim, Flexor sublimis perforatus — 
 e. Radial, Pronator radii teres. 
 
 EPIZO'A, (sing. Epizo'on), {'F.) Epizo'dires, Ec- 
 toparasites, from an, and ^uov, ' an animal.' Para- 
 sitic animals, which infest the surface of the body, 
 or the common integument. 
 
 EPIZOO'TIA, Epizooty, (F.) Epizoote. Same 
 etymon. A disease which reigns amongst ani- 
 mals. It corresponds, in the veterinary art, to 
 epidemy in medicine. 
 
 EPIZOOT'IC, Epizoot'icus, same etymon. Re- 
 lating or appertaining to an epizooty, — as an 
 ' ejnzootic aphtha.' 
 
 EP'OCHE, from tin, and txij), 'to have or to 
 hold.' Doubt, suspension of judgment — Suspen'sa 
 senten'tia. Sometimes employed in the same 
 sense as epischesis or suppression. 
 
 EPOCHETEUSIS, Derivation. 
 
 EPODE, Incantation. 
 
 EPO'MIS, Superhumera'le, from cm, and (a/xog, 
 'the shoulder.' The acromion. The upper part 
 of the shoulder. — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 EPOMPHALICUM, Epomphalium. 
 
 EPOMPHALION, Uterus. 
 
 EPOMPHA'LIUM, Epomphal'icum, from tvi, 
 
 and oit<l)a\o';, 'the navel.' A medicine, which, 
 when placed upon the umbilicus, moves the belly. 
 — Paulus of Mgma.. 
 
 SPONGE, Spongia— e. (fErjlantier, Bedegar. 
 
 EPOQUES, Menses. 
 
 EPOSTOMA, Exostosis. 
 
 E^POSTOSIS, Exostosis. 
 
 EPREINTES, Tenesmus. 
 
 EPSEMA, Decoction. 
 
 EPSESIS, Decoction, Elixatio. 
 
 EPSOM, MINEP.AL WATERS OF. Epsom 
 is a town in Surrey, about 15 miles from London. 
 The water is a simple saline ; — consisting chiefly 
 of sulphate of magnesia, which has consequently 
 received the name of Epsom salts, though no 
 longer prepared from the Epsom water. 
 
 EPUISEMENT, Exhaustion. 
 
 EPU'LIS, from tin, and ov'kov, 'the gum.' 
 Odon'tia excres'cens, Sarco'ma epu'lis, Ulon'ciis, 
 Excrescen'tia gingi'va. (F.) Epulide, Epiilie. 
 An excrescence on the gum, sometimes ending in 
 cancer. 
 
 EPULOSIS, Cicatrization. 
 
 E^PULOTICA, Cicatrisantia. 
 
 E PURGE, Euphorbia lathyris. 
 
 EQUAL, JEqua'lis. An epithet applied parti- 
 cularly to the pulse and to respiration. The pulse 
 and respiration are equal, when the pulsations 
 and inspirations which succeed each other are 
 alike in every respect. 
 
 EQUILIB'RIUM, from cpqnus, 'equal.' and 
 lihrare, 'to weigh.' In medicine, this word is 
 sometimes used to designate that state of organs, 
 fluids and forees, which constitutes health. 
 
 EQUINA CAUDA, see Cauda Equina. 
 
 EQUI'NIA, from equinus, 'belonging to a 
 horse.' Glanders, (F.) 3Iorve. A dangerous con- 
 tagious disorder, accompanied by a pustular erup- 
 tion, which arises from inoculation with certain 
 diseased fluids generated in the horse, the ass and 
 the mule. Two forms are met with,- — ■ E. mitis, 
 contracted from horses affected with grease, and 
 E. glandulo'sa, a dangerous and commonly fatal 
 disease communicated to man, either in the acute 
 or chronic form, from the glandered horse. The 
 veterinary surgeons make two varieties of the 
 disease in the horse — Glanders, Ila'lia, ]\f alias' - 
 mus, Ma'lie, Ifalis, Malleus : and Farcy glanders, 
 Earcino'ma, Farci'men, Mal'lens farcimino'sus, 
 Morbus farcimino'sus, Cachex'ia lymphat'ica far- 
 cimino'sa, (F.) Morve fnrcineuse, Farcin; — the 
 former affecting the pituitary membrane and oc- 
 casioning a profuse discharge from the nostrils, 
 with pustular eruptions or small tumours, which 
 soon suppurate and ulcerate, being attended by 
 symptoms of malignant fever and by gangrene 
 of various parts: — the latter being the same 
 disease, but appearing in the shape of small 
 tumours about the legs, lips, face, neck, itc. of the 
 horse; sometimes very painful, suppurating and 
 degenerating into foul ulcers. They are often 
 seen together. 
 
 The mild cases require little treatment but rest ; 
 the more severe generally resist all remedies. 
 
 EQUISETUM ARVENSE, Ac, see Hippuris 
 vulgaris — e. Minus, Hippuris vulgaris. 
 
 EQUITA'TION, Eqnita'tio, liippeA'a, Hlppa'- 
 sia, Hippeu'sis, from eqnitare, equitatum, ' to ride 
 j on horseback.' Horsebach exercise. A kind of 
 exercise, advisable in many diseases, although 
 improper in others — in uterine affections, for in- 
 stance. It has been much recommended in 
 phthisis pulmonalis. It is less fatiguing than 
 walking, and consequently more available in dis- 
 ease. But to prevent disease, where much exer- 
 cise is required, the latter is preferable. 
 
 EQUIVOROUS, Equiv'orus, Hipjjoph'agous, 
 
EQUIVOCAL 
 
 350 
 
 ERGO TINS 
 
 from eqvkus, 'a horse/ and voro, '1 devour.' 
 Feeding or subsisting on horseflesh. 
 
 EQUIVOCAL, £'2«!t3'ocHs, from <e9'mj(s, 'equal,' 
 and vox, vocis, 'voice.' Those symptoms are oc- 
 casionally so denominated which belong to seve- 
 ral diseases. Generation is said by some to be 
 ' equivocal,' when it is, or seems to be, spontaneous. 
 See Generation. 
 EQUUS, Hrppus. 
 ERABLE, Acer saccharinum. 
 ERADICA'TION, Eradica'tio, from e, 'from,' 
 and radix, radicis, 'a root.' The act of rooting 
 out, or completely removing a disease. 
 
 ERAD'ICATIVB, Eradi'cans: same etymon. 
 Any thing possessed of the power of completely 
 rooting out a disease. 
 
 ERAILLEMENT DES PAUPIERES, Ec- 
 tropion. 
 
 ERCLE, Blister. 
 EREBINTHUS, Acer arietinum. 
 EREGTEUR DU PENIS, Ischio-cavernosus. 
 ERECHTHI'TES HIERACIFO'LIA, Sene'cio 
 Ineracifo'Hus, Fireweed. An indigenous plant, 
 Order Compositse, which flowers from July to 
 September. It is said to be an acrid tonic, and 
 astringent, and in large doses emetic. 
 
 ERECTILE TISSUE, Tela seu Texttus erec'- 
 tilis, from erigere, erectum, (e, and rigere,) 'to 
 erect,' ' to become erect' A tissue, whose prin- 
 cipal character is, to be susceptible of dilatation, 
 i. e. of turgescence and increase of size. It is 
 formed of a collection of arteries and veins, in- 
 termixed with nervous filaments; which form, 
 by their numerous anastomoses, a spongy sub- 
 stance, whose areolae communicate with each 
 other. Smooth muscular fibres have been de- 
 tected in it. This tissue exists in the corpora 
 cavernosa of the penis and clitoris, at the lower 
 and inner surface of the vagina, in the spongy 
 part of the urethra, the lips, nipples, iris, <tc. 
 Sometimes it is developed accidentally, and con- 
 stitutes a kind of organic transformation. 
 
 ERECTION, Erec'tio, Arree'tio; same ety- 
 mon. The state of a part, in which, from having 
 been soft, it becomes stifi", hard, and swollen by 
 the accumulation of blood in the areolse of its 
 tissue, as in the case of the penis — Sfyma, Stysis. 
 ERECTOR CLITORIDIS, Ischio-cavernosus 
 — e. Penis, Ischio-cavernosus. 
 
 EREMACAU'SIS, (F.) Er€macaitsie, from 
 epriiios, 'waste,' and xavais, 'combustion.' A term 
 applied by Liebig to the slow combustion, oxida- 
 tion, or decay of organic matters in the air. 
 ERE MIA, Acinesia. 
 ERESIPELE, Erysipelas. 
 ERETHILYTICUM H^MATOLYTICUM, 
 Spanaemic. 
 
 ER'ETHISM, EretMs'mus, Erethis'ia, Irrita- 
 men'ttim, Irrita'tio, (F.) Erethisme, from epe&i^<i>, 
 ' I irritate.' Irritation. Augmentation of the 
 vital phenomena in any organ or tissue. Orgasm. 
 Under this name, Mr. Pearson has described a 
 state of the constitution produced by mercury 
 acting on it as a poison. He calls it Ilercu' rial 
 Er'ethism or Erethin' miis. It is characterized by 
 great depression of strength; anxiety about the 
 prsecordia; irregular action of the heart; fre- 
 quent sighing ; tremors ; small, quick, sometimes 
 intermitting pulse ; occasional vomiting ; pale, 
 contracted countenance, and sense of coldness; 
 but the tongue is seldom furred, nor are the vital 
 and natural functions much disturbed. In this 
 state an'' sudden exertion may prove fatal. 
 ERET HISMA, Rubefacient. 
 ERETHISMUS.Erethism, Irritation— e. Ebrio- 
 sorum, Delirium tremens — e. Hydrophobia, Hy- 
 drophobia — e. Oneirodynia, Incubus, Paroniria — 
 e. Simples, Fidgets. 
 
 ERETHISTICUS, Erethiticus, Rubefacient. 
 ERETHIT'IC, Erethit'iciis, EretJiis'ticus. Be- 
 longing or relating to erethism — as "erethitic 
 phenomena," or phenomena of irritation. 
 ERETISME, Erethism. 
 EREUGMOS, Eructation. 
 EREUXIS, Eructation, Flatulence. 
 ERGASMA, Myrrha. 
 ERGASTERION SPIRITUS, Pulmo. 
 EBGASTERIUM, Laboratory. 
 ERGOT, (F.) Ergot, 'a spur.' Er'gota, Seca'le 
 cornu'tum seu mater'num seu tiir'gidum seu temu- 
 lent'um seu luxu'rians seu clava'tum, Clavus seca- 
 li'nus seu seca'lis seu Silig"inis, Spermoe'dia 
 clavus, Hater seca'lis, Calcar, Seca'lis mater. Us- 
 tila'go, Frumen'tum cornu'tum seu cornicula' turn 
 seu luxu'rians seu tur'gidum seu temulen'tum, 
 Brisoc'eras [.?], Melanophy' ma, Spurred or Horned 
 Rye, Spur, Hornseed, Cockspur Rye, Cockspur, 
 (F.) Seigle ergote ou cornu ou corrompu ou a, 
 Eperon ou Ergotise, Ble cornu, Ergot ou cloii ou 
 mere de seigle. Bled avorte ou farouche, Fa'xx 
 seigle. Ergot is generally considered to be the 
 result of a disease in rye, occurring most fre- 
 quently when a hot summer succeeds a rainy 
 spring. DecandoUe, however, regards it as a 
 parasitic fungus, and calls it Sclera' timn clavus ; 
 whilst Leveille esteems it to be a fungus giving 
 a coating to the diseased grain; the medical vir- 
 tues residing in the coating. This parasitic 
 fungus he calls Sphace'Ua seg"efum. More re- 
 cently, it has been maintained, that it is a dis- 
 eased state of the grain occasioned by the growth 
 of a fungus not previously detected, to which the 
 names Ergotm'tia ahortans seu ahortifa'ciens, Oi- 
 dium ahortifa'ciens, Ergot-mould, have been given. 
 It is found projecting from among the leaves of 
 the spike or ear, and is a long, crooked excres- 
 cence, resembling the spur of a cock, pointed at 
 its extremities, of a dark brown colour externally, 
 and white within. 
 
 This substance has been long used in Germany 
 to act on the uterus, as its names Mutterkorn 
 and Gebarpulver ('womb-grain,' pulvis par- 
 turiens, pulvis ad partum) testify. Upwards of 
 forty years ago, it was recommended in this 
 country, by Dr. John Stearns, of Saratoga County, 
 New York, for accelerating parturition; and since 
 that period, numerous testimonials have been 
 off'ered in its favour. Half a drachm of the 
 powder is gently boiled in half a pint of water, 
 and one-third part given every 20 minutes, until 
 proper pains begin. Some recommend the clear 
 watery infusion ; others advise the powder; others 
 the oil; and others the wine. It is obvious that, 
 in many cases, the uterine efibrts would return in 
 the period which would necessarily elapse in the 
 administration of ergot; so that several of the 
 cases, at least, of reputed efiicacy, may not have 
 been dependent upon the assigned agent. Ergot 
 also possesses, it is afiirmed, narcotic virtues, 
 which have rendered it useful in hemorrhagic 
 and other afiections of excitement. 
 
 Bread, made of spurred rye, has been attended 
 with the effects described under Ergotism. 
 
 ERGOTy Hippocampus minor — e. de Seigle, 
 Ergot. 
 
 ERGOT-MOULD, see Ergot 
 ERGOTA, Ergot 
 
 ERGOT^TIA ABORTANS, see Ergot — e. 
 Abortifaciens, see Ergot 
 
 ER'GOTIjST, Extrac'tum. Er'gota, Extract of 
 Ergot, (F.) Ergotine, Extrait himostatique de 
 Boujean. The extract of ergot has been found 
 an excellent hemastatic in the dose of two grains 
 several times a day. It has also been used ex- 
 ternally. 
 
 ERGOTINE, Ergo tin. 
 
ERGOTISM 
 
 351 
 
 ERUPTION 
 
 EE,'GOTISM, Ergotis'mus, from ergota, 'ergot.' 
 Morbus cerea'lis. Poisoning by ergot. An affec- 
 tion produced by the use of spurred rye. At 
 times, the symptoms are limited to vertigo, 
 spasms, and convulsions. See Convulsio cerealis. 
 Most commonly, there is torpor with numbness 
 of the hands and feet, which waste away, lose 
 sensation and the power of motion, and separate 
 from the body by dry gangrene, — Ergotis'mus 
 Sphacelo'ans, Sphac"elu8 cerea'lis, Necro'sis ce- 
 rea'lis, Gangrm'na itstilagin'ea, Necrosis ustila- 
 ijin'ea, Ergot or Mildew mortification, (F.) Ergo- 
 tisme gangreneux, Gangrene des Solonois, Mai de 
 Sologne. 
 
 EliGOTISME CONVULSIVE, Convulsio ce- 
 realis. 
 
 ERGOTISMUS, Ergotism — e. Spasmodicus, 
 Convulsio cerealis — e. Sphacelosus, Ergotism. 
 
 ERI'CA VULGA'RIS, Callu'na vulga'ria seu 
 Eri'ca, Common Heath, (Sc.) Heather, (F.) Briiyere 
 vulgaire. This has been regarded as diuretic and 
 diaphoretic. 
 
 ERIGERON AMBIGUUM, E. Philadelphicum 
 — e. Annuum, see E. Canadense. 
 
 ERIG"ERON BELLIDIFO'LIUM, Robin's 
 plantain, Rosy Betty, (rjptyipav, from j]p, 'spring,' 
 and ytpav, 'an old man;' owing to the hoary i 
 appearance of some of the vernal species.) An 
 indigenous plant of the Composite /awn'Zy y flower- 
 ing in May. It is said to possess properties like 
 those of E. Philadelphicum. 
 
 Erigerox Canaden'se, Can'ada Fleahane, 
 P ridcweed , Horseweed, Buttericeed, is considered 
 to be allied in properties to E. Philadelphicum;and 
 the same may be said of Erigeron Heterophyl" lum, 
 E. annuum. Sweet Sca'bious or various-leaved 
 Flenbane; all of which are in the secondary list 
 of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. 
 
 Erigeron Heterophyllum, see E. Canadense 
 — e. Integrifolium, E. Philadelphicum. 
 
 Erig"eron Philadel'phicdji, E. strigo'sum 
 seu amhig'uum SOU integrifo'lium, Scabious, Ske- 
 visch, Philadelphia or Skevisch OT Narrow-leaved 
 Flea-Bane, Daisy, Cocash, Frostweed, Fieldweed, 
 Squaw-weed, (F.) Vergerette de Philadelphie. 
 The plant has been used in decoction or infusion 
 for gouty and gravelly complaints, and is said 
 ■ to operate powerfully as a diuretic and sudorific. 
 The essential oil has been given in uterine he- 
 morrhage. Dose, five drops. 
 
 Erigerox Strigostjm, E. Philadelphicum. 
 
 ERIGERUM, Senecio. 
 
 ERIGNE, Hook. 
 
 ERINE, Hook. 
 
 ERIOCEPH'ALUS UMBELLULA'TUS, Wild 
 Rose'mary. A South African shrub. Ord. Com- 
 positae, which is diuretic, and used by the farmers 
 and Hottentots in various forms of dropsy. 
 
 ERIOSPERM'UM LATIFO'LIUM. A South 
 African plant, the tuber of which is muculent, 
 and used externally in abrasions of the skin, and 
 in superficial ulcers. It is also employed by the 
 Mohammedans, in decoction, in amenorrhoea. 
 
 ERIX, spif. This word signifies, in Galen, the 
 upper part of the liver. 
 
 ERODENS, Caustic. 
 
 ERODIUM MOSCHATUM, Geranium mos- 
 chatum. 
 
 EROMANIA, Erotomania. 
 
 ERON'OSUS, Eronu'sos, from rjp, 'spring,' and 
 voi7os or vovaos, 'disease.' A disease which ap- 
 pears chiefly in spring. 
 EROS, Love. 
 
 EROSIO, Corrosion — e. et Perforatio sponta- 
 nea Ventriculi, Gastromalacia. 
 
 ERO'SION, Ero'sio, Diabro'sis, Anabro'sis, 
 Corro' sion, from erodere, erosum, (e, and rodere,) 
 'to eat away.' The action of a corrosive sub- 
 
 stance, or the gradual destruction of a part by a. 
 substance of that kind. It is often employed in 
 the same sense as ulceration, — sjMutaneous erosion. 
 
 Erosion, Gangrenous, of the Cheek, Cancer 
 aquatieus, 
 
 EROT'IC, Ero'ticus, from cpu>g, eptoro;, 'love.' 
 That which is produced by love — as Erotic me- 
 lancholy, E. delirium, <fec. 
 
 EROTICOMANIA, Erotomania. 
 
 EROTION, Melissa. 
 
 EROTOMA'NIA, Eroma'nia, 3Ia'nia erot'ica, 
 from Epoif, tpwTo;, 'love,' and pavia, 'mania.' A 
 species of mental alienation caused by love. Ero- 
 tic melancholy is Love melancholy. Some authors 
 write it Erot' ico-mania. Also, Nymphomania. 
 
 ERPES, Herpes. 
 
 ERRABUNDUS, Planetes. 
 
 ERRAT'IC, Errat'icus, Atac'tos, At'ypos ; from 
 errare, erratum, 'to err.' Wandering, irregular. 
 That which disappears and recurs at irregular 
 intervals. This name is given to intermittents, 
 Febres errat'iccB, which observe no type. Most 
 commonly, it is applied to pains or to any dis- 
 eased manifestations which are not fixed, but 
 move from one part to another, as in gout, rheu- 
 matism, erysipelas, &c. 
 
 ERREUR DE LIEU, Error loci. 
 
 ER'RHIXE, Errhi'num or Er'rhinum, Sternu- 
 tato'rinni, Ster'nutatory, Ptar'rnicum, Apophleg- 
 mat'isans per nares, Nasa'le, from £v, 'in,' and 
 piv, 'the nose.' A remedy whose action is ex- 
 erted on the Sehneiderian membrane, exciting 
 sneezing and increased discharge. Errhines have 
 been mainly used as local stimulants in head 
 affections. The chief are : Asari Folia, Euphor- 
 bia gummi-resina, Hydrargyri sulphas flavus, 
 Tabacum, and Veratrum album. 
 
 ERRHINUM, Sternutatory. 
 
 ER'RHYSIS, from cv, 'in,' and psio, 'I flow.' 
 With some, a draining of blood. A trifling he- 
 morrhage. 
 
 ERROR LOCI, Apoplane'sis, (F.) Errenr de 
 Lieu. A term, frequently used by Boerhaave to 
 express deviation of fluids, when they enter ves- 
 sels not destined for them. Boerhaave admitted 
 several orders of capillary vessels, the diameters 
 of which went on decreasing. The largest re- 
 ceived red blood, those which came next re- 
 ceived only white, others only lymph, whilst the 
 last of all were destined for yet more subtle fluids 
 — for a kind of vapour. When the red globules 
 entered vessels destined for the white, or the 
 white those intended for the thinner fluids, there 
 was, according to the theory of Boerhaave, an 
 error loci, the proximate cause of inflammation 
 and other mischiefs. See Aberration. 
 
 ERUCA, Brassica eruca, Sinapis — e. Barbarea, 
 Erysimum barbarea — e. Foetida, Brassica eruca — 
 e. Sativa. Brassica eruca. 
 
 ERUCTA'TION, Ructa'tto, Ereug'mus, Er'yge, 
 Eructa'tio, Ructxts, Ructa' men, Ruetna' tie, 
 Ereux'is, Restagna'tio, (Old. Eng.) Bolke, Bouffe, 
 Belke, (Sc.) Baching, Bokking, Rucking, Rift, 
 (Prov.) Kelking, Rasping, Rasping, Riving, Ruft 
 (N. of England) ; from eructare, eructa'tum, (e, 
 and ruetare, 'to belch.') Belching, (F.) Rot, 
 Rapport. A sonorous emission, by the mouth, 
 of flatus proceeding from the stomach. When so 
 frequent as to occasion a diseased condition, this 
 is termed Ructuo'sitas, Morbus ructuo'sus. 
 
 ERUGATORIA, Tetanothra. 
 
 ERUGINEUX, ^ruginous. 
 
 ERUPTIO, Eruption— e. Exanthematis, Epa,- 
 nastasis — e. Sanguinis, Haemorrhagia. 
 
 ERUP'TIOX, Erup'tio, from erumpere, ervp- 
 tum, (e, and rumpere,) 'to issue with violence,' 
 'to break out,' This word has several meanings. 
 1. The sudden and copious evacuation of any fluid 
 from a canal or cavity — of serum, blood, pus, &c., 
 
ERUPTION ANOilALE 
 
 3 52 
 
 EEYTHEMA 
 
 for example ; 2. The breaking out of an esan- 
 them ; and, 3. the exanthem itself, whether 
 simply in the form of a rash, or of pustules, 
 vesicles, <tc. 
 
 ERUPTION ANOMALE, Roseolse — e. Ro- 
 sace, RoseolEe — e. Violet, lonthus. 
 
 ERUP'TIVE, Eriqiti'ints. Same etymon as 
 Eruption. That which is accompanied by an erup- 
 tion. Thus small-pox, measles, scarlet fever, mili- 
 aria, &c., are eruptive fevers. The term eruptive dis- 
 ease is nearly synonymous with cutaneous disease. 
 
 ERVA DB SANCTA MARIA, Arum Dracun- 
 culus — e. do Rato, Palicourea Marcgraavii. 
 
 ERVALENTA, see Ervum. 
 
 ERVUM, E. Ervil'ia, E. plica' turn, Vic"ia er- 
 vil'ia, Or'ohus, (F.) Lentille Ers ou Orobe. In 
 times of scarcity, the seeds have been made into 
 bread, but it is said not to be wholesome. The 
 meal was once much used in poultices: it was for- 
 merly called Orob'i'on, o^ofiiov. Under the name 
 Ervalent'a, a secret dietetic preparation has been 
 introduced. It is a vegetable powder, which, 
 when mixed with milk and soup and taken night 
 and morning, is said to have succeeded in remo- 
 ving old and obstinate obstructions ! Buehner 
 thinks it is bean -meal, Ditterich, the meal of the 
 seed of Ervum Ervilia. — Aschenbrenner. 
 
 A specimen of Warton's Ervalenta, obtained at 
 the depot, and analyzed by Dr. Hassall, was found 
 to contain a mixture of the French and German 
 lentil, reduced to powder, including portions of 
 the shells or husks, and of a substance very 
 closely resembling, in its microscopic characters, 
 corn meal. A sample of Du Barry's Revalen'ta 
 Arab'icn was found to consist of a mixture of the 
 Egyptian or Arabian lentil and barley meal. 
 
 Ervum Ervilia, Ervum. 
 
 Ervum Lens, Gicer Lens, Lens esculen' ta,Pliacos, 
 the Lentil, (F.) Lentille. The seed, Phaee, Pha'- 
 een, Phacns, is eaten in many places like peas : 
 they are flatulent and difBcult of digestion. 
 
 Ervum Plicatum, Ervum. 
 
 ERYGE, Eructation. 
 
 ERYNGIUM, Hgvyyiov, Hpuyyof, see E. Aquat- 
 icum. 
 
 Eryn'gium AquAt'icum,^'. ynccmfo'linm, Wafer 
 Eryn'go, Button Snake Root. Order, Umbelliferje. 
 This root, Eryn'gium, (Ph. U. S.,) is nearly allied 
 to the contrayerva of the shops, and acts more 
 especially as a sudorific. It is a secondary article 
 in the Pharm. U. S. 
 
 Eryngium Campes'tri?, E. vulgo're. Centum 
 Cap'ita, Lyrin'gium, Aster inquina'lis, Capit'u- 
 Inrn JIartis, Acus Ven'eris, (F.) Panicaut, Char- 
 don-Roland, is sometimes used for E. maritimum. 
 
 Eryngium Fcetidum; indigenous, is said to 
 possess properties like those of valerian and con- 
 trayerva. 
 
 Eryngium Marit'imum seu Mari'num. The 
 Sea Holly or Eryngo, JEthe' rea Herba, (F.) Pa- 
 nicaut Maritime. Eryngo root has a slightly aro- 
 matic odour, and sweetish and warm taste. It is 
 considered to be diuretic and expectorant, but its 
 powers are so weak, that it is scarcely ever used. 
 
 Eryngium Vulgare, E. Campestre— e. Yuccae- 
 folium, E. aquaticum. 
 
 ERYNGO, SEA, Eryngium maritimum — e. 
 Water, Eryngium aquaticum. 
 
 ERYS'IMUM, E. officina'le, from tpvui, 'to 
 draw,' from its power of raising blisters. Sisym'- 
 brium officina'le, Chamas'plion. Hedge-mustard, 
 (F.) Velar, Tortelle, Hcrbe aux Chantres. This 
 was, formerly, much used for its expectorant and 
 diuretic qualities. The seeds greatly resemble 
 vnustard. 
 
 Erysimum Alliaria, Alliaria. 
 
 Erysimum Barbare'a, E. lyra'tum, Ar'abis 
 barbare' a. Sisymbrium barbare'a, Eru'ca barba- 
 re'a, Barbare'a, B. stric'ta, (F.) Herbe de Sainte 
 
 Barbe, has been ranked amongst the antiscor- 
 butic plants. See Alliaria. 
 
 Erysimum Cordifolium, Alliaria — e. Lyratum, 
 E. barbarea. 
 
 ERYSIPELA'CEA. Same etymon as the next. 
 A family of eruptive diseases, comprising erysi- 
 pelas, variola, rubeola, and scarlatina. 
 
 ERYSIP'ELAS, from epvm, '1 draw in,' and 
 fftXas, ' near,' from its tendency to spread. Pebris 
 erysipelato'sa seu erysipela'cea, Erythrop'yra, 
 Em'phlysis Erysip'elas, St. Anthony's fire. Wild- 
 fire, Ignis Sancti Anto'nii seu Columel'lcB seu 
 Sacer, Hieropyr, Icterit"ia rubra, Rose, Rnbea 
 icterit"ia, Vicinitra'ha, Vicinitrac'tus, Brunus, 
 Lvgdus, (F.) Erysipele, Eresipele, Feu St. An- 
 toine. Feu sacre, Mai Saint Antoine. A disease, 
 so called because it generally extends gradually 
 to the neighbouring parts. Superficial inflamma- 
 tion of the skin, with general fever, tension and 
 swelling of the part; pain and heat more or less 
 acrid; redness diffused, but more or less circum- 
 scribed, and disappearing when pressed upon by 
 the finger, but returning as soon as the pressure 
 is removed. Frequently, small vesicles appear 
 upon the inflamed part, which dry up and fall 
 off, under the form of branny scales. Erysipelas 
 is, generally, an acute affection : its medium du- 
 ration being from 10 to 14 days. It yields, com- 
 monly, to general refrigerant remedies. Topical 
 applications are rarely serviceable. At times, 
 when the disease approaches the phlegmonous 
 character, copious bleeding and other evacuants 
 may be required, as in many cases of erysipelas 
 of the face ; but this is not commonly necessary. 
 In most cases, indeed, the general action seems 
 deficient, and it becomes necessary to give tonics. 
 
 When erysipelas is of a highly inflammatory 
 character, and invades the parts beneath, it is 
 termed Erysip'elas phlegmono'des, (F.) Erysipele 
 phlegmonenx : when accompanied with phlyo- 
 tense, and the inflammation terminates in gan- 
 grene, Erysip'elas gangrcBuo' sum, (F.) Erysipele 
 gangreneux ; and when associated with infiltra- 
 tion of serum, Erysip'elas cedamato'sum, (E.) Ery- 
 sipele (edamateux. 
 
 At times, the surface in erysipelas has a bronzed 
 rather than a red hue — bronzed erysipelas. 
 
 Erysipelas, Bronzed, see Erysipelas — e. Gan- 
 grasnosum, see Erysipelas — e. CEdematosum, see 
 Erysipelas — e. Phlegmonodes, see Erysipelas — e. 
 Periodica nervosa chronica. Pellagra — e. Phlyc- 
 tenoides. Herpes zoster — e. Pustulosa, Herpes 
 zoster — e. Zoster, Herpes zoster. 
 
 ERYSIPELATODES, Erysipelatous. 
 
 ERYSIPEL'ATOUS, Erysipelato'des, Erysi- 
 pelato'sus. Belonging to erysipelas; as an ery- 
 sipel'atous affection. 
 
 Erysipel'atous Inflammation, Infiamm'atio 
 erysipelato'sa, EpipMogis'ma, Guti'tis, Dermati'- 
 tis, is the character of inflammation which distin- 
 guishes erysipelas, Erythe'ma erysipelato'suni. 
 
 ERYSIPELE, Erysipelas — e. Ambulant, see 
 Ambulant — e. Gangreneux, see Erysipelas — i. 
 (Edemateux, see Erysipelas — e. Phlegmonenx, see 
 Erysipelas — e. Serpigineux, see Serpiginous — e. 
 Pnstuleux, Herpes zoster. 
 
 ERYSOS, Erythema. 
 
 ERYTHE'MA, from epvdpaios, cpvOpos, 'red, rose- 
 coloured,' tpufiaivci), 'ioredden.' Inflammatory blush, 
 Erythre'ma, (F.) Erytheme. This name is. some- 
 times, given to erysipelas, especially when of a local 
 character. It is, also, applied to the morbid redness 
 on the cheeks of the hectic, and on the skin cover- 
 ing bubo, phlegmon, &c. It forms the 6th genus of 
 the 3d order. Exanthemata, of Bateman's classi- 
 fication of cutaneous diseases; and is defined, 'a 
 nearly continuous redness of some portion of the 
 skin, attended with disorder of the constitution. 
 
ERYTHEMATOUS 
 
 353 
 
 ESOTERIC 
 
 but not contagious.' Many varieties are described 
 by dermatologists, — for example, E. intertri'go, 
 E. fugax, E. papula'tum, E. tubercula' turn, E. 
 nodo'sum, E. Iceve, E. centrif ugum, E. margina'- 
 tum, and E. acrodyn'ia. 
 
 Erythejia AcEODrxiA, Acrodynum — e. Am- 
 bustio. Burn — e. Anthrax, Anthrax. 
 • Ertthe'ma Centrif'ugdm. A variety of ery- 
 thema attacking the face, commencing -with a 
 small red spot, and spreading around, so as, at 
 times, to affect the whole face. 
 
 Erythema Endejiicfm, Pellagra — e. a Fri- 
 gore, Chilblain. 
 
 Ertthe'j[a Fugax. Patches of erythema, 
 that sometimes appear on the body in febrile dis- 
 eases, teething children, <fec., and which are of 
 brief duration. 
 
 ERTTHEitA GA:NGR^NOSTJir, Anthrax — e. Icho- 
 rosum, Eczemamercuriale—e. Intertrigo, Chafing. 
 
 Erythe'ma L^ve, (F.) Erytheme leger. Slight 
 erythema affecting the skin, as in oedema. 
 
 Erythe'ma Margina'tdii, (F.) Erytheme mar- 
 ginal. A form in which the prominent patches 
 of erythema are distinctly separated from the 
 skin at their margins. 
 
 Erythema Mercuriale, Eczema mercuriale. 
 
 Erythe'ma iSToDO'suM, (F.) Erytheme noueux. 
 A more severe form of Erythema tuberculatum. 
 
 Erythe'ma Papula'tum, (F.) Erytheme papu- 
 leux. Patches of erythema, which are at first pa- 
 pulated, appearing on the face, neck, breast, &c., 
 of females, and young persons more especially. 
 
 Erythema Pellagrum, Pellagra — e. Pernio, 
 Chilblain. 
 
 Erythe'ma Sola're. A name given by the 
 Italians to Pellagra, owing to its being attended 
 with an eruption of small red spots or patches on 
 the parts that are exposed to the sun. 
 
 Erythe'ma Tubeecula'tuii, E. taherodn'sum, 
 (F.) Erytheme tuhercideiix. A form of erythema 
 in which the patches are in small lumps. 
 
 ERYTHEM'ATOUS, Erythemat'ic, Erythema- 
 to'sus, Erythemat'iciis, (F.) Erythemateux. Ap- 
 pertaining or relating to Erythema. 
 
 ERYTREJfE, Erythema— e. Leger, Erythe- 
 ma leeve — e. Marginal, Erythema marginatum — 
 e. Noueux, Erythema nodosum — e. Papuleux, 
 Erythema papulatum — e. Tuberculeux, Erythema 
 tuberculatum. 
 
 EPtYTHR^A CENTAURIUM, Chironia cen- 
 taurium — e. Chilensis, Canchalagua, Chironia 
 Chilensis. 
 
 ERYTHR^MIA.Plethora. 
 
 ERYTHRAN'CHE, Angi'na erysipelato'sa, 
 from epvdpo;, 'red,' emd ay;^uj, 'I suffocate.' Ery- 
 sipelatous or erythematous sore throat. 
 
 ERYTHREMA, Erythema. 
 
 ERYTHRIXA MOXOSPERMA, Butea fron- 
 dosa. 
 
 ERYTHROCHCERAS. Cynanche parotidsea. 
 
 ERYTHRODANUM, Rubia. 
 
 ER'YTHROID, Erythro'des, Erythroi'dea: 
 Reddish. 
 
 Erythroid Coat, Tu'nica erythro'des. Vagi- 
 nal coat of the testis. 
 
 Er'ythroid Ves'icle, Vesic'nla Erythroi'dea. 
 A vesicle of the foetus described by Pockels and 
 others. It is pyriform, and much longer than, 
 although of the same breadth as, the umbilical 
 vesicle. Velpeau, Weber, and others, doubt its 
 being a phvsiologieal condition. 
 
 ERYTHRONIUM, E. Americanum. 
 
 Erythro'nium America'num, E. flnviim seu 
 dens eanis sen Innceola' turn seu longifo'Uurn, Com- 
 mon Erythro'nium, (from tpvdpos, 'red,' which 
 does not, however, apply to the American species,) 
 Tellow Snake-leaf, Yelloio Adder's tongue, Adder- 
 lenf, Dog vi'olet, Bog's tooth violet. Rattlesnake 
 23 
 
 vi'olet, LamVs tongue. Scrofula root, Yellow 
 Snowdrop. Ord. Liiiacese. This plant is pos- 
 sessed of emetic properties, but is rarely, if ever, 
 used. VI The root and herb, Erythro'nium, (Ph. 
 U. S.,) are in the secondary list of the Pharma- 
 copoeia of the United States. 
 
 Erythronium Dens Canis, E. Americanum — 
 e. Flavum, E. Americanum — e. Lanceolatum, E. 
 Americanum — e. Longifolium, E. Americanum. 
 
 ERYTHROPHLEUM JUDICIALE, Sassy- 
 bark tree. 
 
 ERYTHROPYRA, Erysipelas. 
 
 ERYTHRORRHIZA ROTUA^DIFOLIA, Ga- 
 lax aph3-lla. 
 
 ERYTHROSIS, Plethora. 
 
 ES'APHB, from ccra(puw, (tier, and 0000), 'I feel,') 
 'I feel inside,' (F.) Le Toucher, Le 'Toucher vagi- 
 nal. The introduction of a finger or fingers into 
 the vagina, for the purpose of examining the 
 condition of the uterus. It is employed to verify 
 the existence or non-existence of pregnancy and 
 its different stages ; to detect certain affections or 
 faults of conformation in the genital organs and 
 pelvis ; and, during the process of accouchement, 
 to examine into the progress of labour, &c. 
 
 ESCA, Aliment. 
 
 ESCARA, Eschar. 
 
 ESCARGOT, HeH;s pomatia, Limax. 
 
 ESCHALOTTE, Eehalotte. 
 
 ESCHAR, Es'chara. raxupa, (Old Er^g.) Ask er, 
 a slough, a crust or ncab. The crust or disor- 
 ganized portion, arising from the mortification of 
 a part, and which is distinguishable from the 
 living parts by its colour, consistence, and other 
 physical properties. The inflammation which it 
 excites in the contiguous parts, gives occasion to 
 a secretion of pus between the living and dead 
 parts, which ultimately completely separates the 
 latter. 
 
 ESCHARA, Vulva. 
 
 ESCHAROT'IC, Escharot'icum, from cavapa, 
 'eschar.' Any substance, which, when applied 
 upon a living part, gives rise to an eschar, such 
 as caustic potassa : the concentrated mineral 
 acids, &c. 
 
 Escharotic Poison, see Poison. 
 
 ESCHELLOHE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 This water rises at the foot of a mountain near 
 the convent of Etal in Bavaria. It is a sulphuro- 
 saline. 
 
 ESCHID'NA OCELLA'TA. A very poisonous 
 viper, which inhabits the sugar-cane fields of 
 Peru. Its bite is almost instantaneously fatal. 
 
 ESCORZON'ERA, Scorzonera. 
 
 ESCREYISSE, Crab. 
 
 ESCULAPIAN, Medical. 
 
 ES'CULENT, Esculen'tus, Ed'ihle, Eat'able, 
 Ciba'rious, from esea, 'food.' (P.) Comestible. 
 Such plants or such parts of plants or animals as 
 may be eaten for food. 
 
 ESERE, Ordeal nut. 
 
 ESKIN, Singultus. 
 
 ESO, scrio, 'within.' A prefix which signifies 
 an affection of an internal part; as Esoenteri'tis, 
 inflammation of the inner membrane of the intes- 
 tines :—jE'so,ya«?H'n*.5, inflammation of the inner 
 membrane of the stomach, &c. 
 
 ESOCHAS, Esoche. 
 
 ES'OCHE, Es'ochas. A tumour — as a hemor- 
 rhoid — within the anus. 
 
 ESOCOLITIS, Dysentery. 
 
 ESODIC, Afferent. 
 
 ESOEXTERITIS, see Enteritis. 
 
 ESOGASTRITIS, Endogastritis. 
 
 ESOTER'IC, tawTtpos, 'interior,' from taia, 
 'within.' Private; interior; in contradistinction 
 to Exoter'ic, public, exterior. Hence, we speak 
 of 'esoteric and exoteric causes of disease.' 
 
ESOTERISM 
 
 354 
 
 J&TAGE 
 
 ES'OTERISM, MED'ICAL. Same etymon as 
 Esoteric. A term used by M. Simon, in his De- 
 ontologie medicale, for that esotery, or mystery 
 and secresy, with which the practitioner performs 
 his daily duties, and which, he conceives, he is 
 compelled to adopt by the prejudices and igno- 
 rance of his patients. 
 
 ESP AGES INTERCOSTAUX,see Costa. 
 
 JESPEGES, Species, see Pulvis — e. Pulveru- 
 leiites, sen Pulvis. 
 
 ESPEGES VULN^RAIRES, Falltranck. 
 
 ESPHLA'SIS, from ts, sis, ' inwards,' and <p\nu), 
 'I break, bruise,' Ac. A fracture of the skull by 
 comminution, the fragments being depressed. 
 See Depression, and Enthlasis. 
 
 ESPRIT, Spirit — e. d' Ammonia que, Spiritus 
 ammoniae — e. d'Aiiis, Spiritus anisi — e. de Boh, 
 Spiritus Pyroxylicus — e. de Gamjjhre, Spiritus 
 camphorse — e. de Gannelle, Spiritus cinnamomi — 
 e, de Garvi, Spiritus carui- — e. d' Ether Sidfurique, 
 Spiritus setheris sulphurici compositus — e. de Ge- 
 niivre compose, Spiritus juniperi compositus — e. 
 d' Iva, Achillea moschata — e. de Lavaiide, Spiritus 
 lavandulse — e. de Lavande compose, Spiritus 
 lavandulae compositus — e. de 3fenthe ^jofy;-e, 
 Spiritus menthte piperitse — e. de 3Liscade, Spiri- 
 tus myristicae — e. de Pouliot, Spiritus pulegii — e. 
 Pyroxylique, Spiritus pyroxylicus — e. de Rai- 
 fort compose, Spiritus armoraci* compositus — e. 
 de Romarin, Spii'itus rosmarini — e. de Vin delaye, 
 Spiritus tenuior — e. de Vin reetifie, Spiritus rec- 
 tificatus. 
 
 ESPRITS ANHIAUX, Nervous fluid. 
 
 ESQUILLE, Splinter. 
 
 ESQUINANGIE, Cynanche, Cynanche ton- 
 sillaris. 
 
 ESQUINE, Smilax China. 
 
 ES'SENCB, Essen'tia, corrupted from existen- 
 tia, ' standing out,' [?] or, from esse, ' to be.' By 
 some, used synonymously with volatile oil; by 
 others, with simple tincture. The oil of pejo/jec- 
 mint is the oil obtained by distillation ; the 
 essence, the oil diluted with spirit. See Tinetura 
 olei menthfe. 
 
 Essence op Anise, Essentia anisi — e. of Bar- 
 dana. Hill's, Tincturi guaiaci ammoniata — e. of 
 Caraway, Essentia Carui — e. of Cinnamon, Essen- 
 tia Cinnamomi — e. of Coltsfoot, see Tinetura ben- 
 zoin! composita — e. of Fennel, Essentia Foeniculi 
 — e. of Musk, Tinetura moschi — e. of Mustard 
 Pills, Whitehead's, see Sinapis — e. of Mustard, 
 Whitehead's, see Sinapis — e. of Pennyroyal, 
 Essentia menthse pulegii — e. of Peppermint, Tine- 
 tura olei menthaa piperitee — e. of Pimento, Essen- 
 tia Pimentse — e. of Rosemary, Essentia Rosma- 
 rini— e. of Roses, see Rosa centifolia — e. of 
 Spearmint, Tinetura olei menthas viridis — e. of 
 Spruce, see Pinus Abies. 
 
 ESSENCES, Olea volatilia. 
 
 ESSENTIA, Essence. Tincture — e. Abietis, 
 see Pinus abies — e. Aloes, Tinetura aloes — e. 
 Absinthii amara, Tinetura A. composita — e. Ab- 
 sinthii composita, Tinetura A. composita. 
 
 Essen'tia Ani'si, Essence of Anise. {01. 
 Anisi, f^j; Sp. rectif. f.^ix. M. Ph. D.) Dose, 
 TTLxx to f)5J, as a carminative. 
 
 Essentia Antimonii seu Stibii, "Vinum anti- 
 monii tartarizati — e. Antiseptica Huxhami, Tine- 
 tura cinchonse composita — e. Aromatica, Tinetura 
 cinnamomi composita. 
 
 Essentia Carui, Essence of Car' away. {01. 
 Garni f ,^j ; Sp. rectif. fgix. Ph. D.) Dose, 
 gtt. XX to f^j, as a carminative. 
 
 Essentia Castorei, Tinetura castorei — e. Ca- 
 tholica purgans Rothii, Tinetura jalapii compo- 
 sita — e. de Cedro, Oleum cedrinum — e. China, 
 Tinetura cinohonge composita — e. Cinnamomi, 
 Tinetura cinnamomi. 
 
 Essentia Cinnamo'mi, Essence of Cin'namon. 
 {01. Ginnam. f ^j ; /Sp. rect. f^ix. M.) Dose, 
 gtt. X to XX. 
 
 Essentia Fcenic'uli, Essence of Fennel. {01. 
 Fcenic. f §j ; Alcohol, f^ix, M. Ph. D.) Dose, 
 gtt. xs to f^j. 
 
 Essentia Mentha Piperita, Tinetura olei 
 menthae piperitse. 
 
 Essentia Mentha Pule'gii, Essence of Penny- 
 royal. {01. Puleg. fgj ; Sp. rectif. fgix. Ph. D.) 
 Dose, gtt. XV to XXX. 
 
 Essentia Mentha Viridis, Tinetura olei men- 
 tha3 viridis. 
 
 Essentia Myrist'ic>e MoscHA'TiE, Essence of 
 Nutmeg. (01. Myrist. f gj ; Sp. rectif. f,^ix. M. 
 Ph. D.) Dose, gtt. XX — xxx. 
 
 Essentia Neroli, see Citrus aurantium — e 
 Corticis Peruviani antiseptica Huxhami, Tinetura 
 cinchonse composita — e. Corticis Peruviani com- 
 posita, Tinetura cinchonse amara. 
 
 Essentia Pimen't^, Essence of Pimen'to. {01 
 Piment. fgi; Sp. rectif. fgix. M. Ph. D.) Dose, 
 gtt. xxx ad Ix. 
 
 Essentia Rosmari'ni, Essence of Rose'mary 
 {01. Rosmari'ni f §j ; Sp. rectif. fgix. M. Ph. D.) 
 Dose, gtt. xxx ad gtt. Ix. 
 
 ESSEN'TIAL, Essentia'lis. The word essential 
 has been applied to the immediate or active prin- 
 ciples of vegetables, which were believed to be 
 endowed with the properties of the plants from 
 which they were extracted. Essential oil was so 
 called because it was regarded as the only irnme- 
 diate principle which was essential. This expres- 
 sion is retained. Essential salts are true salts or 
 extracts which exist, ready formed, in vegetables; 
 and which are obtained by distillation, incinera- 
 tion, or some other process. 
 
 An essential disease is synonymous with a ge- 
 neral disease; that is, one not depending on any 
 local affection, — not symptomatic. See Entity. 
 
 ES'SERA, Es'sere, Sora, Saire, Sate, 3forbus 
 porci'nus, Rosa saltans, Urtica'ria porcell'ana, 
 (P.) Amjjoxdes, Porcelaine. Of Arabic deriva- 
 tion. A species of cutaneous eruption, consist- 
 ing of small, reddish tubercles over the whole 
 body, accompanied by a troublesome itching. 
 It seems to be a variety of lichen or urticaria. 
 See Lichen tropicus. 
 
 ESSIEU, Axis. 
 
 ESSOUFFLEMENT, Anhelatio. 
 
 ESTHEMA, Vestitus. 
 
 ESTHESIS, Vestitus. 
 
 ESTHIOMENE, Esthiomenus. 
 
 ESTHIOM'ENUS, Estiom'enus, from saQioo, ' I 
 eat.' Ex'edens. (F.) Esthiomene. That which 
 devours or eats away. Certain ulcers and erup- 
 tions — Dartres rongeantes — are so called. 
 
 ES'TIVAL, JEsti'vus; from asstas, astatis, 
 'summer.' Happening in summer, belonging to 
 summer. This epithet is given to summer dis- 
 eases, so called because they reign at that season, 
 and appear to depend on the influence exerted 
 by it on the animal economy. In the United 
 States, the term summer disease or complaint 
 means disorder of the bowels; as diarrhoea, 
 cholera morbus, &c. 
 
 E STOMA G, Stomach. 
 
 ESTRAGON, Artemisia dracunculus. 
 
 ESULA CYPARISSIAS. Euphorbia eyparis- 
 sias — e. Major, Euphorbia palustris — e. Minor, 
 Euphorbia cyparissias. 
 
 ESULE, GRANDE, Euphorbia lathyris. 
 
 ESURIES, Hunger. 
 
 ESURIGO, Hunger. 
 
 ESURITIO, Hunger. 
 
 ESYCHIA, Acinesia. 
 
 ETAGE, ^tuge. 
 
 \ 
 
ETAIN 
 
 355 
 
 ETOUFFEMENT 
 
 ETAIN, Tin— e. de Glace, Bismuth— e. Gris, 
 Bismuth. 
 
 ETAT, Acme — i. GranuUxix du Rein, Kidney, 
 Bright's Disease of the. 
 
 ETERNUEMENT, Sneezing. 
 
 ETESTICULATIO, Castration. 
 
 ETHER, iEther, ^ther sulphuricus — e. Acetic, 
 see JEther — e. Acetiqiie, see iKther sulphuricus — 
 e. Azoteux, see iBther sulphuricus — e. Azoteux 
 alcoolise, Spiritus setheris nitrici. 
 
 Ether, Chloric, see Chloroform. Under the 
 names concentrated chloric ether and strong chlo- 
 ric ethei a compound of pure chloroform and 
 
 nearly absolute alcohol, in the proportion of one- 
 third of the former to two-thirds of the latter — 
 has been used as an anajsthetic by inhalation, in 
 the same cases as sulphuric ether and chloroform. 
 It is properly an alcoholic solution or tincture of 
 chloroform. 
 
 Ether, Chlorohydrio, Chlorixated, see 
 ^ther muriaticus — e. Ghlorohydriqiie, see jEther 
 sulphuricus — e. Ghlorohydrique chlore, see ^ther 
 muriaticus. 
 
 Ether, Compound. A preparation consisting 
 of a solution of chloroform in sulphuric ether, 
 which has been used as an anesthetic by inhala- 
 tion, in the same cases as chloroform. 
 
 ETHER, HYDRATIQUE, iEther sulphuricus 
 — e. Hydriodic, jEther hydriodicus — e. Hydrique 
 alcoolise, Spiritus a3theris sulphuric! compositus 
 — e. Hydrochloric, see ^ther — e. Hydrochloric, 
 Spirit of, Spiritus aetheris muriatici — e. Hydro- 
 cyanic, ^ther hydroeyanicus — e. lodhydric, 
 JEther hydriodicus — e. Marine, ^ther muriaticus 
 — e. Muriatic, jEther muriaticus — e. Muriatic, 
 spirit of, Spiritus setheris muriatici — e. Nitreux, 
 see ^ther sulphuricus — e. Nitric, see ^Ether — e. 
 Nitrique, see ^ther sulphuricus — -e. Nitrous, see 
 Jilther — e. Phosphoric, see iEther — e. Prussic, 
 ^ther hydroeyanicus — e. Rectified, jEther sul- 
 phuricus — e. Sulfurique, iEther sulphuricus — e. 
 Sulfurique alcoolise, Spiritus setheris sulphurici 
 compositus — e. Sulphuric, ^ther sulphuricus — e. 
 Terebiathinated, ^ther terebinthinatus — e. Vi- 
 irioliqiie, ^ther sulphuricus, 
 
 ETHEREAL, iEthereal. 
 
 E THE RE, ethereal. 
 
 ETHEREOUS, Ethereal. 
 
 ETHERINE, HYDROCYANATE OF. ^ther 
 hydroeyanicus — e. Muriate of, jEther muriaticus. 
 
 E'THERISM. The aggregate of phenomena 
 induced by the inhalation of ether — JEtherism'us. 
 
 ETHERIZA'TION, JEtherisa'tio. The admi- 
 nistration of ether by inhalation, as an anaes- 
 thetic. 
 
 E'THERIZED, JStherisa'tns. Presenting the 
 phenomena induced by the inhalation of ether. 
 
 ETHEROLAT, Etherat. The product of the 
 distillation of ether on aromatic substances. 
 
 ETHEROLATURE, see Tincture. 
 
 ETHEROLE. A liquid medicine formed of 
 ^ther and medicinal principles united with it by 
 direct solution or simple mixture. — Beral. 
 
 Etherole d'essence de terebinthine. See Liquor 
 anodynus terebinthinatus. 
 
 ETHEROLIQUE, EtheroVic. A medicine 
 which has ether for excipient. — Beral. 
 
 ETHEROLOTIF. An etherolic medicine 
 which is exclusively employed externally. 
 
 ETHICS, MEDICAL, Deontology, medicaL 
 
 ETHIK, Hectic. 
 
 ETHIOPIAN, s-ee Homo. 
 
 ETHIOPS, see ^thiops. 
 
 ETHISIS, Filtration. 
 
 ETHISMUS, Filtration. 
 
 ETHMOGEPHALE, EthmocepK' alus ; from 
 ri^yLOi, 'a sieve/ 'the ethmoidal portion of the 
 
 nose,' and Kz<pa\ri, 'head.' A genus of monsters, 
 with eyes close together, hut distinct; the nasal 
 apparatus atrophied and rudimental. — I. G. St. 
 Hilaire. 
 
 ETH'MOID, Ethmo'des, EthmoVdes, EthmoV- 
 deiis, from ij^/nof, 'a sieve,' and ei&os, 'form.' 
 Shaped like a sieve. 
 
 Ethmoid Bone, Os ethmo'ideum seu mulfifor'me 
 seu spongio' sum seu spongo'i'des seu cribro'sum 
 seu cribrifor'me seu cu'bicum seu crista'tum seu 
 foraminulen'tum seu colifor'me seu colafo'rium, 
 (F.) Os cribleux. One of the eight bones which 
 compose the cranium; so called, because its upper 
 plate is pierced by a considerable number of 
 holes. The ethmoid bone is situate at the ante- 
 rior, inferior, and middle part of the base of the 
 cranium. It seems to be composed of a multitude 
 of thin, fragile, semi-transparent laminse, which 
 form more or less spacious cells, called the Eth- 
 moidal labyrinth or cells, distinguished into ante- 
 rior and posterior. These communicate with the 
 nose, and are lined by a prolongation of the 
 pituitary membrane. The ethmoid bone is con- 
 stituted of compact tissue, and is surrounded by 
 the Ethmoid suture. It is articulated with the 
 frontal and sphenoidal bones, the corniia sphenoi- 
 dalia, the superior maxillary bones, the 2}<^date 
 bones, the ossa turbinata inferiora, the vomer, the 
 proper bones of the nose, and the lachrymal bone^. 
 
 ETHMOID'AL, EthmoUa'lis. Belonging to 
 the ethmoid bone; as, Ethmoidal cells, E. suture, 
 <fec. The Ethmoi'dal apoph'ysis or process is the 
 advanced part of the sphenoid bone, which articu- 
 lates with the ethmoid. The ethmoidal arteries 
 are two in number, the anterior of which arises 
 from the ophthalmic artery. The origin of the 
 other varies. The Echancrure ethmoidale of the os 
 frontis receives the ethmoid bones. The Ethmoi- 
 dal veins correspond to the arteries. 
 
 ETHMOSE, Cellular tissue. 
 
 ETHMOSYNE, Habit. 
 
 ETHMYPHE, Cellular tissue. 
 
 ETHMYPHI'TIS, Inflamma'tio telcB cellulo'sm, 
 from vdi-ios, 'a sieve,' 'v(pri, 'texture,' and itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the cel- 
 lular membrane. 
 
 ETHMYPHOTYLOSIS, Induration of the cel- 
 lular tissue. 
 
 ETHNOG'RAPHY, Ethnograph'ia; from idvos, 
 'nation,' and ypaipri, 'a description.' A history 
 of the races and families of man. 
 
 ETHN0L"0GY, Ethnolog"ia; from tevo^, 'na- 
 tion,' and Aoyof, 'a discourse.' The science of 
 the races and families of man. 
 
 E,TH0S, Habit. 
 
 E TH USE, JJlthusa cynapium — i. Ileum, 
 j3Ethusa meum. 
 
 ETIIYLE, chloride OF, ^ther muri- 
 aticus — e. Cyanuret of, ^ther hydroeyanicus. 
 
 ETICK, Hectic. 
 
 ETIOLA'TION, Blanching, (F.) Etiolement. 
 That state of plants which occurs in consequence 
 of privation of light, when they become pale and 
 watery. In piathology, it is sometimes used to 
 denote the paleness produced in those persons 
 who have been kept long without light; or a 
 similar paleness, the result of chronic disease. 
 
 ETI0LE3IENT, Etiolation. 
 
 ETIOLOGY, ^tiologia. 
 
 ETIQUETTE, MEDICAL. Deontology, me- 
 dical. 
 
 ETISE, Hectisis — e. Itesenterique, Tabes me- 
 senterica. 
 
 ETNAGH-BERRIES, see Juniperus commu- 
 nis. 
 
 ETOILE, Stella. 
 
 ETONNEE, Stunned. 
 
 ETOUFFEMENT, SufiFocation, 
 
ETOUPE 
 
 356 
 
 EUPATORIUM 
 
 ETOUPE, Stupa. 
 ETOURDISSEMENT, Vertigo. 
 ETRANGLE-LOUP, Paris. 
 ETRANQLE3IENT, Strangulation, Hysteria 
 — e. dea Intestine, Enteremphraxis. 
 
 ETRANGUILLON, from etrangler, 'to 
 strangle.' An ancient French appellation for a 
 violent angina accompanied by symptoms of 
 imminent asphyxia. 
 ETRIER, Stapes. 
 ETRON, Abdomen, Hypogastrium. 
 BTRON'CUS, from j/rpoi/, 'the lower belly,' 
 and oyKog, 'a tumour.' A tumour of the lower 
 belly. 
 
 ETTICK, Hectic fever. 
 ETTLE, Urtica. 
 
 ETUI BE L'HIPPOCAMPE. A name given 
 by Vicq d'Azyr to the upper part of the sphe- 
 noidal portion of the lateral ventricle of the 
 brain, which is bounded by the lateral cornu of 
 the corpus callosum. 
 
 JETUVE, Stove — e. Humidc, Bath, vapour. 
 ETUVER, to Foment. 
 
 EU, £u, 'good, proper,' when prefixed to words. 
 Hence: 
 
 EU^'MIA, from tu, and 'aijxa, 'blood.' A 
 good condition of the blood. 
 
 EUjESTHE'SIA, from cv, and aiaBrian, 'per- 
 ception.' Vigorous perception. A good condition 
 of the perceptive faculties. 
 
 EU^STHE'TOS. Same etymon. One whose 
 senses are in full vigor. 
 
 EUANALEP'SIS, from tu, and ava\r,^is, 're- 
 covery.' Rapid restoration to strength. 
 EUANTHEMON, Anthemis nobilis. 
 EUCALYP'TUS MANNIF'ERA, {zv, 'well,' 
 and Ka}<vnToq, 'covered.') From this Australian 
 species. Order, Myrtacete, a manna-like substance 
 exudes, which has similar properties to manna. 
 EocALYrTus Resinifera, see Kino. 
 EUCHRQ3'A, from tu, and xp"'"? 'colour.' A 
 good or healthy colour of the skin. A good 
 appearance of the surface. 
 
 EUCHYM'IA, from tv, and %v^of, 'juice.' A 
 good state of the humours. 
 
 EUCRA'SIA, from iv, and Kpams, 'tempera- 
 ment.' A good temperament. 
 
 EUDIAPNEUS'TIA, from £v&ia7ti,cvaTog, (ev, 
 and Sia-iorj, — 6ia, and nvori, 'breath);' 'one who 
 breathes well.' Easy transpiration. 
 EUECTICA (medicina), Gymnastics. 
 EUEL'GES, from tv, and 'cXko;, 'an ulcer.' 
 One in whom wounds and ulcers are readily 
 healed. 
 
 EU'EMES, Euem'etoa, from tv, and tixeu>, 'I 
 vomit.' That which readily excites vomiting. 
 One who vomits with facilit}''. 
 EUETHES, Benign. 
 
 EIIEX'IA, from tv, and 't^n, 'constitution.' 
 A good constitution. 
 
 EUFRAISE, Euphrasia officinalis. 
 EUGE'NIA CARYOPHYLLA'TA, called after 
 Prince Eugene. Garrophi/l'lus, Caryoj)hyl'lus aro- 
 mat'icus, Myrtiis caryophyVlus. The Indian tree 
 which affords the clove. Order, Myrtacea3. The 
 Giove, CaryophyVlus, G. aromat'icus, is the unex- 
 pa.nded bud, (P.) Girofle, Gerojle, Gyrophle,'Glou 
 de Girofle. Its odour is strong, aromatic, and 
 peculiar ; taste, pungent and acrid. Like all 
 substances whose virtue depends upon essential 
 oil, it is stimulant and carminative. It is gene- 
 rally used as a corrigent to other remedies, and 
 in oases where substances containing the essen- 
 tial oils are demanded. The oil — (F.) Hnile de 
 Gerofle ; Olertm caryopTiyl'li, Oil of Gloves — has 
 '.he properties of the cloves. 
 
 EuGEXiA PiMENTA, Myrtus pimenta. 
 
 EUGION, Hymen. 
 
 EULE, £uAi;, 'a worm.' Eulce, tvXai, with Hip- 
 pocrates, meant especially worms bred in a wound 
 or ulcer. 
 
 EULOPHIA, see Salep. 
 
 EUNUCH, Eiinu'chus, from twrj, 'the bed,' 
 and txf^, 'I keep.' Hemian'drus, Hemianor, Ee- 
 mianthro'pns, Semimas, Semimas'cnliis, Semi- 
 mascula'txis, Semivir, Thla'dias, Thla'sios, Thlib'- 
 ias, Castra'tus, Gallus, Ej-castra'tus, Evira'tim, 
 Emascula'tiis, Spado, Exsec'ttia, Extesticidn'tua, 
 Extom'ius. (F.) Eunuque. One whose organs 
 of generation have been removed, or so altered, 
 that he is rendered incapable of reproducing his 
 species, or of exercising the act of venery. Eu- 
 nuchs were common with the ancient Romans. 
 In Italy, this horrible mutilation still takes place 
 to improve the voice ; and in the East, eunuchs 
 have the surveillance of the seraglio. 
 
 EUNUCJIISMUS, Castration. 
 
 EUNUCHIUM MECONIS, Lactuca. 
 
 EUNUCHUS, Castratus, Eunuch. 
 
 EUNUQUE, Eunuch. 
 
 EUODES, Beneolentia. 
 
 EUONYiVIUS, Quassia simarouba. 
 
 Euon'ymus America'nus, Strawberry hush, 
 Straicberry tree. Burning bush, Indian arrow- 
 ivnod. A shrub of the Ord. Celasiraceas, Sex. 
 Syst. Pentandria Monogynia, which, like the 
 next, is found throughout the United States and 
 Canada; flowering from May to June. 
 
 Eiton'ymus Atropurpd'reus, Burning bush. 
 Spindle tree, Indian Arrow-wood, flowers from 
 June to July. 
 
 From these varieties of Euonymus the Wahon 
 or Whahoo bark is said to be obtained. It is diu- 
 retic, antiperiodic, tonic, and a hydragogue ca- 
 thartic, and has been used in dropsy in infusion, 
 in the proportion of an ounce to a pint of water. 
 
 EUPATHI'A, from tv, and va%s, 'suffering.' 
 A disposition for being affected by pain easily. 
 Also, a good state of health — Euphor'ia. 
 
 EUPATOIRE B'AVICENNE, Eupatorium 
 cannabinum — c. Percefeuille, Eupatorium perfo- 
 liatum. 
 
 EUPATORIUM, (called after Mithridates Eu- 
 pator,) Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
 
 Eupato'rhim Ageratoi'des, E. Urticifo'limn, 
 Age'ratum altiss'imum. White Snakeroot ; indige- 
 nous; flowering in August and September; has the 
 same ]iroperties as Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
 
 Eupatorium AROMAT'icujr, Arom'at'ic Eupato'- 
 rinm or Hempweed, has similar properties. 
 
 Eupato'rium Cannae'inum, Eupato'rium, E. 
 Arab'icnm seu Japon'icum seu trifolia'tum, E. 
 of Avicen'na, Cannab'ina aquat'ica, Trifo'lium 
 cervi'num, Orig'anum aquat'icum. Hemp ag'ri- 
 ■mony. Herb of Saint Cunegonde, (F.) Enpatoire 
 d'Avicenne. Ord. Compositae. Sex. Syst. Syn- 
 genesia sequalis. The juice of this plant proves 
 violently emetic and purgative, if taken in suffi- 
 cient quantity. It has been considered diuretic, 
 cathartic, and emetic. 
 
 Eupatorium Connatum, E. perfoliatum — e. 
 Guaco, Guaco — e. Japonicum, E. Cannabinum — 
 e. Mesues, Achillea ageratum. 
 
 Eupatorium Perfolia'tum, E. Conna'tum, 
 Boneset, Thor'oughwort, Thor'ovghstem, Thor- 
 onghwax, Veg"etable ant'imony, Grosswort, Ague- 
 weed, Feverwort, Indian sage, Joe-pye, Teazel, 
 Sweating plant, (F.) Eupatoire percefeuille, is a 
 plant which grows in low, wet meadows through- 
 out the United States. The tops and leaves — 
 Eupato'rium, (Ph. U. S.) — are considered to be 
 stimulating, tonic, emetic, purgative, diuretic, 
 and sudorific. Dose, gr. xv of the powder, as a 
 gentle purgative. 
 
 Eupatorium, Purple-Stalked, E.purpureum. 
 
EUPEPSIA 
 
 35' 
 
 EUSOMPUALIEN 
 
 EuPATORIUJf Purpu'eeuji, Jlohawh tnesel, Pur- 
 ple-stalked Eupato'rium, Trumpet weed, Joe Pye- 
 ueed, Gravelroot, is used in similar cases, as well as 
 
 EuPATORiujr Rotusdifo'liuii, Pound-leaved 
 ffeiiipweed, Wild korehound ; 
 
 EuPATORiuii Sessilifo'liuit, Upland Boneset, 
 and 
 
 EuPATORiUM Teucrifo'lium, Wild horehound, 
 Germander-leaved horehound, Rough boneset. 
 
 EuPATORiuii TRiFOLiATUir, E. Cannabinum — 
 e. Urticifolium, E. ageratoides. 
 
 EUPEP'SIA, from w, and -e-jo,, 'I digest.' 
 A good digestion. The antithesis to di/iipepna. 
 
 EUPEP'TIC, Piqjejj'tus, Eupcp'ticus. Same 
 etymon. Relating to a good digestion. One en- 
 dowed with a good .digestion. 
 
 EUPHLO'GIA, from tv, and cj^Xzyu), '1 burn.' 
 Mild inflammation. Variola. 
 
 EU'PHONY, Eupho'nia, from tv, and (puivrj, 
 'voice.' An agreeable or regular voice. 
 
 EUPHORBE CYPRES, E. cyparissias— e. des 
 3Iorais, E. palustris — e. Vomitive, E. ipecacuanha. 
 
 EUPHOP^'BIA CAPITA'TA, Caacica. Ord. 
 Euphorbiaceee. Called after Euphorbus, phy- 
 sician to king Juba. A Brazilian plant, which is 
 strongly astringent and not poisonous. It is 
 considered to be one of the best remedies for the 
 bites of serpents. It is, also, called Coluhri'na 
 Lusitan' ica. 
 
 Euphorbia Caput Medu'SjE. A Soutb African 
 plant, with wbieh, according to Brnee, the wild 
 inhabitants poison their arrows. The Ethiopians 
 use, for the same purpose, Euphor'hia heptago'na, 
 E. viro'sa, and E. cerei/ortn' is ; the savages, in 
 the most southern part of America, the sap of E. 
 cotinifo'lia. 
 
 Euphorbia Cereiformis, see Euphorbia caput 
 Medusae. 
 
 Euphorbia Corolla'ta, Large floicering 
 spurge, Milkweed, Snakes' milk, fyecacuan'ha, 
 Hippo, Picac, Ip'ecac, Jlilk purslaiii, Purge root, 
 Emet'ic root, Bowman's root, Apple root, Indian 
 Physic : indigenous ; has similar properties to the 
 last. The dose of the root is the same. 
 
 Euphorbia Cotlkifolia, see Euphorbia caput 
 Medusae. 
 
 Euphorbia Cyparis'si.as, E. Cypress'ina, 
 Es'xda minor seu Cyparissias, Tithym'alus Cypa- 
 ris'sias, Cypress spurge, Welcome to our house, (F.) 
 Euphorbe cypres. This, like most of the spurges, 
 is very acrimonious. Amongst the rustics, it 
 was formerly called poor rnan's rhubarb, and was, 
 consequently, a laxative. It is not used. 
 
 Euphorbia Cypressina, E. Cyparissias. 
 
 Euphorbia Helioscop'ia, E. obtura'ta. Sun 
 spurge, Wa/'twort spurge ; miigenous. The juice 
 has been given in syphilis. It is said to be ca- 
 thartic. 
 
 Euphorbia Heptago^ta, see Euphorbia caput 
 Medusae. 
 
 Euphorbia Hypericifo'lia, Large spotted 
 spurge, Eyebright. A native of the United States. 
 It is astringent and tonic. Used in infusion • — • 
 f^ss to Oj of boiling water. Dose, a tablespoon- 
 ful. Euphorbia Macula'ta, Jlilk Purslane, 
 Spotted spurge, has similar properties. 
 
 Euphorbia Ipecacuan'ha, Anisophyll'um Ipe- 
 cacuanha, Ipecacuanha sp)urge, Wild ip'ecac. (F.) 
 Euphorbe vomitive. This species of spurge is 
 common in the southern and middle parts of the 
 United States. The root is a powerful emetic, in 
 the dose of from five to fifteen grains : twenty 
 grains act as a cathartic likewise. In large 
 doses, it acts as a narcotico-acrid. : 
 
 Euphorbia Lath'yris. The systematic name j 
 of the plant wbieh aff'ords the lesser catapu'tia 
 seeds, Catapu'tia minor, Caper Spurge, Lath'yris, 
 Gar'den spurge, Caper jjlant, Mole-plant, Ti- 
 thym'alus latifu'lius seu lath'yris, Galarha:'us 
 
 Lath'yris, (F.) Epurge ou grande Esule. The 
 seeds possess cathartic properties, and an ex- 
 pressed oil of the seeds — O'leum Euphorbia 
 I Lathyr'idis, (F.) Huile d'epurge — has been given 
 I as a cathartic in the dose of six to twelve drops. 
 ! Euphorbia Maculata, see E. hypericifolia — 
 I e. Myrtifolia, Pedilanthus tithymaloides — e. 
 I Obturata, E. helioseopia. 
 
 Euphorbia Officina'rum. The systematic 
 I name of the plant which affords the Euphor'bittm, 
 • Etiphor'bicB gummi-resi'na, Gummi euphorbicB, in 
 ; greatest abundance. The eupborbium is an in- 
 I odorous gum-resin, in yellow tears, which have 
 I the appearance of being worm-eaten. It enters 
 into the composition of some plasters, and has 
 been used as an errhine. 
 
 Euphorbia Palus'tris, E. panicula'ta. 
 Greater spurge, Es'ula major, Tithym'alus palus'- 
 tris, Galarhce'us ptalus'tris, JIarsh spurge, Wret- 
 weed, (F.) Euphorbe des marais. The juice is 
 given, in Russia, as a common purge. It is used, 
 too, as an irritant in tinea, warts, <tc. 
 
 Euphorbia Palustris and E. Villo'sa, or E. 
 Pllo'sa have been brought forward as preven- 
 tives of hydrophobia — the bitten part being 
 washed with a decoction, and, at the same time, 
 the decoction being taken internally. 
 Euphorbia Pasiculata, E. palustris. 
 Euphorbia Paral'ias, Tithym'alus paralias, 
 Sea spurge. This is violently cathartic and irri- 
 tating, and is seldom used. 
 
 Euphorbia Peplus, Petty spurge ,• indigenous. 
 The powdered root is actively cathartic. It has 
 been given in dropsy. 
 
 Euphorbia Pilosa, see Euphorbia palustris — 
 e. Tithymaloides, Pedilanthus tithymaloides — e. 
 Villosa, see Euphorbia palustris — e. Virosa, see 
 Euphorbia caput Medusae. 
 
 J^&^ All the spurges are vesicant and rubefa- 
 cient, when applied externullv. 
 
 EUPHORBIUM, Euphorbia officinarum. 
 EUPHORIA, Eupathia. 
 EUPHRAGIA, Euphrasia officinalis. 
 EUPHRA'SIA [tviioaaia, cheerfulness; so 
 ; called from its effects). E. Officina'Us seu Min'irna 
 i seu Lnbrica'ta, Ocula'ria, Euphra'gia, OjihthaV- 
 . mica, Eyebright, (F.) Eujraise, Euphraise, Casse- 
 I Lunette. It has been recommended in diseases 
 ' of the eye, but is unworthy of notice. 
 I EUPLAS'TIC, Euplas'ticus, (F.) Eup,lastiqve: 
 from £u, and jrAao-o-tu, 'I form.' Having the ca- 
 pacity of becoming organizable in a high degree, 
 : — as in false membrunes resulting from acute iu- 
 j flammation in a healthy person. 
 i EUPLEURUM SERRULATUM, Diosma cre- 
 ' nata. 
 
 EUPNCE'A, from tv, and -j/eoi, 'I respire.' 
 Freedom or facility of respiration. 
 { EURHTTH'MIA, from eu, and pu^;,o?, 'rhythm.' 
 I Regularitv of the pulse. 
 I EURIBALI, .Juribali. 
 ! EURODES, Carious. 
 
 j EURODOX'TICUS, from aipog, 'caries,' and 
 j oOuvi, ocuvTos, ' a tooth.' Suffering ft-om carious 
 : teeth. 
 I EURUS, Eu/JUf, 'mould, putrefaction,' Mueor, 
 
 Caries. Corruption of the humours. 
 j EURYCHORIA. Sinus. 
 j EURYCLES. Engastrimyth. 
 
 EURYCLITUS. Engastrimyth. 
 j EURYSMUS, Dilatation. 
 
 EURYTH'MIA, Euryth'mus, from eu, and 
 (>v6fios, 'rhythm.' Regularity of pulse, both as 
 regards quantity and quality. 
 
 EUSAR'CUS, from ev, and aap^, caDKog, 'flesh.' 
 One who is fleshy, robust, muscular. 
 
 EUSEMI'A, (F.) Eusemie, from ev, and arijiunvj 
 'a sign.' A collection of good signs. 
 
 EUSOMPHALIEN from tv, and op0aXor, 
 
EUSPLANCHNIA 
 
 35 8 
 
 EX^MATOSIS 
 
 'navel.' A double monster in which each being 
 has a separate navel, and is able to execute, in- 
 dependently, almost all the vital functions. 
 
 EUSPLANCH'NIA, from cv, and cnt'Sayxvov, 
 'a, viscus.' A healthy state of the viscera. 
 
 EUSTA'CHIAN TUBE, Tuba Enstachia'na 
 seu Aristotel'iea, Syrhi' gri, Syrinx, 31ea'tu8 ccpcus, 
 Ductus auris palati' nus, Iter a Pala'to ad Aurem, 
 (F.) Trompe ou Conduit d'Eustaclie, Conduit gut- 
 tural de I'oreille — Ch. So called from its dis- 
 coverer, Eustachius. It is partly bony and partly 
 cartilaginous : extending from the cavity of the 
 tympanum to the upper part of the pharynx. Its 
 length is about two inches ; the bony portion 
 which belongs to the temporal bone, is about 
 three-fourths of an inch long. It is lined, inter- 
 nally, by a prolongation of the lining membrane 
 of the pharynx. Its nerves are furnished by the 
 palatine branches of the ganglion of Meckel, and 
 its vessels proceed from those of the pharynx and 
 velum pendulum. The use of the tube seems to 
 be, to permit the renewal of air in the cavity of 
 the tympanum. 
 
 Edsta'chian Valve, Valve of Eusta'chius, 
 Valvule d'Eusfachi ou d'Eustaclie. A membra- 
 nous, semilunar fold, which corresponds to the 
 opening of the vena cava inferior into the right 
 auricle of the heart. 
 
 EUSTHENI'A, Vigor, Exuberan'fia, from ev, 
 and adcvos, 'strength.' Flourishing, exuberant 
 health. — Hippocrates. 
 
 EUSTOM'ACHUS, from ev, and aTOfiaxos, 
 ' stomach.' Digesting rapidly. Having a good 
 stomach. 
 
 EUSTRONaYLUS GIGAS, Strongylus gigas. 
 
 ETJTAX'IA, from ev, and raaau, 'I arrange.' 
 Euthe'sia. A well-ordered constitution, in which 
 every part has its proper relation. The ready 
 return of a rupture, or of a luxated bone. 
 
 EUTHANA'SIA. from ev, and Qavaroi, 'death.' 
 An easy death. The opposite to this is Cacotha- 
 na'sia. 
 
 EUTHESIA, Eutaxia. 
 
 EUTHTENTERON", Rectum. 
 
 EUTHYENTEROSTENOMA, Stricture of the 
 Rectum. 
 
 EUTHYM'IA, An'inn tranguil'litas, from ev, 
 and -S-ufio;, ' mind.' Tranquillity of mind. A 
 good state of the mental faculties. 
 
 EUTHYPNOE, Orthopnoea. 
 
 EUTHYPNCEA, Orthopnoea. 
 
 EUTOC'IA, from ev, and toko;, 'delivery.' An 
 easy labour. Fecundity. 
 
 EUTROPH'IA, from ev, and Tpo<p7j, 'nourish- 
 ment.' A good state of nutrition. 
 
 EUTROPH'IC, Eutroph' icus, same etymon. A 
 term introduced into medical terminology, by the 
 author, for an agent whose action is exerted on 
 the system of nutrition, without necessarily oc- 
 casioning manifest increase of any of the secre- 
 tions. 
 
 The chief eutrophics are, — mercurials, the pre- 
 parations of iodine, bromine, cod liver oil, the 
 preparations of gold and silver, sulphur, sugar, 
 and snrsapnrilla. 
 
 EUZOODYNAMIA, Sanitas. 
 
 EVAC'UANTS, Evacuan'tia, from e, and va- 
 cuare, 'to empty.' (F.) Evacuatifs. Medicines 
 are so called which occasion a discharge by some 
 emunctory ; such as purgatives, emetics, <S;c. 
 
 E VA CVA TIES, Evaeuan ts. 
 
 EVACUATIO, Evacuation, Excretion. 
 
 EVACUA'TION. Same etymon. Lnpax'is. 
 The discharge of any matter whatever by the 
 natural passages or by an artificial opening. 
 
 E VA^W UISSEMENT, Syncope. 
 
 EVA?r ROOT, Geum Virginianum. 
 
 EVAPORA'TIOX, Evapora'tio, Va2}ora'tio, 
 
 Exliala'tlo, from e, and vaporare, vajyoratum, 'to 
 emit a vapour.' Transformation of a liquid into 
 vapour, in order to obtain the fixed matters con- 
 tained in it dry and separate from the liquid. 
 When the vapour is received into a proper vessel 
 and condensed, the process is called distillation. 
 Evaporation produces cold, and this is one of the 
 processes by which the body is cooled, through 
 the evaporation of the perspiratory fluid. 
 
 EVAUX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Evaux 
 is situate in Auvergne, in France. The waters 
 are hydrosulphurous and thermal. 
 
 EVENTRA'TION, Eventra'tio, Hypogastro- 
 rix'is, from e, ' out of,' and venter, ' the belly.' A 
 tumour, formed by a general relaxation of the 
 parietes of the abdomen, and containing a great 
 part of the abdominal viscera. Also, ventral 
 hernia, or that which occurs in any other way 
 than through the natural openings of the abdo- 
 minal parietes. Lastly, any very extensive wound 
 of the abdominal parietes, with issue of the greater 
 part of the intestines. 
 
 EVEN'TUS, from e, 'out of,' and venire, ven- 
 tum, 'to come.' Apjobai'non, Apobesom'enon, Ec- 
 besom'enon, Termina'tio morbi. The event or 
 issue of a disease, either favourable or unfavour- 
 able. 
 
 EVERLASTING, DICECIOUS, Antennaria 
 dioiea, 
 
 EVERRIC'ULUM, Specil'lum, from everrere, 
 'to clean out.' A sort of sound or scoop, used 
 for extracting sand or fragments of stone or clots 
 of blood from the bladder, after or during the 
 operation of lithotomv. 
 
 EVERSIO PALPEBPw^, Ectropion. 
 
 EVIGILATION, see Sleep. 
 
 EVIL, THE, Scrofula— e. King's, Scrofula. 
 
 EVIRATIO, Castration. 
 
 EVIRATUS, Castratus, Eunuch. 
 
 EVISCERATION, Exenterismus. 
 
 EVOLUTIO, Development — e. Spontanea, 
 Evolution, spontaneous. 
 
 EVOLUTION OF GERMS, see Generation. 
 
 Evolu'tios, Sponta'xeous, Ver'sio seu Evo- 
 lu'tio sponta'nea, from e, and volvere, volutum, 'to 
 roll.' Sponta'neous ver'sion, Sponta'neous expuV- 
 sion, Duplication of the foetus. A term, applied, 
 by Dr. Denman, to what he considered to be a 
 spontaneous turning of the foetus in utero, in an 
 arm presentation, in consequence of powerful 
 uterine contractions forcing out the breech and 
 feet, whilst the arm recedes. It is now usually 
 considered to be a doubling of the foetus, so that 
 the arm changes its position but little, whilst the 
 breech is forcibly expelled before the upper ex- 
 tremity; — the case becoming similar to a breech 
 presentation. 
 
 Evolution, Vesicle of. Vesicle of develop- 
 ment. 
 
 EVOMITIO, Vomiting. 
 
 EVONYMUS, Euonymous. 
 
 EVUL'SION, Avidsion, Evul'sio, from evellere, 
 evuhum, (e, and vellere,) 'to pluck out.' ApotiV- 
 mos, Ectil'rnos, Tilmos. The action of plucking 
 out; forcible extraction. (F.) Arrachement. This 
 word is oftener used by the French than by the 
 English surgeons, for the act of extracting certain 
 parts, the presence of which is injurious, — as the 
 teeth, &c. 
 
 EW-GOWAN, Bellis. 
 
 EX MARIBUS, Castratus. 
 
 EXACERBATIO. Exacerbation, Paroxysm. 
 
 EXACERBA'TION, Exacerba'tio, Exaspera'- 
 tio, Excrescen'tia, from exacerbare, exacerba'tum, 
 (e.r, and acerbus,) ' to provoke.' (F.) Hedouble- 
 ment. An increase in the symptoms of a dis- 
 order. Often used synonymously with paroxysm, 
 
 EXACUM SPICATUM, Coutoubca alba. 
 
 EX^MATOSIS, Hajmatosis. 
 
EXiEMIA 
 
 35 9 
 
 EXCEREBEATIO 
 
 EX.^MIA, Anaemia. 
 EXiEMOS, Exanguious. 
 
 EX^E'RESIS, from tf, 'out of,' and aipso), 'I 
 take away.' A surgical operation, which consists 
 ia drawing, extracting, or removing, from the 
 human body, everything that is useless, noxious, 
 or extraneous. It is a generic term, which in- 
 cludes extraction, evulsion, evacuation, excision, 
 ablation, amputation, &c. 
 ExjKREsis, Extraction. 
 
 BXAG'GEHATED, Exaggent'Uw,('F.)Exager^, 
 from exar/gero, (e:c, and aggero, 'I heap up,') ' I 
 magnify.') Heightened, increased by expres- 
 sion. An epithet for sounds heard on ausculta- 
 tion and percussion, when much increased — 
 Hypereehe'sis, Hypereche'ma. 
 
 EXA'GION. The sixth part of an ounce: — 
 four scruples. — Actuarius. 
 
 . EXAL'MA, from tf, 'out of,' and aWofiai, 'T 
 leap.' Exahis. Hippocrates calls thus the dis- 
 placement of the vertebra. 
 EXALSIS, Exalma, Leap. 
 EXALTA'TION OF THE VITAL FORCES, 
 Exalta'tio vi'riurn, from exnlto, {ex, and alto,) 'I 
 raise.' This expression has been used, by modern 
 pathologists, to designate a morbid increase in 
 the action of organs, and partly that which occurs 
 in an inflamed organ. Some use exaltation of 
 the vital forces, and inflammation, synonymously. 
 EXAMBLOMA, Abortion. 
 EXAMBLOSIS, Abortion. 
 EXA'MEN RIGOKO'SUM. 'Rigorous exa- 
 mination.' An examination of a Candidate for 
 the degree of Doctor of Medicine in the Prussian 
 Universities, which, like the Tentamen medicum, 
 is conducted in Latin, and takes place before the 
 medical faculty on all branches of medicine. 
 EXANASTOMOSIS, Anastomosis. 
 EXANASTROPHE, Convalescence. 
 EXANGI'A, from Elayyi^u, (if, and ayyog, 'a 
 vessel,') 'I evacuate from a vessel.' Exangei'a. 
 An enlargement or rupture of a blood-vessel, 
 without external opening. A genus in the order 
 Bysthetica, class Hceniatica of Good. It com- 
 prises aneurism, and varix. 
 
 ExASGiA Aneurisma, Aneurism. 
 EXAN'GUIOUS, Exsan'guine, Exsanguin'eus, 
 Exa'mos, Exsan'guis, (F.) Exsangue, from ex, 
 'out of,' and sanguis, 'blood.' Seeming to be 
 bloodless ; as a female, who has suffered largely 
 from uterine hemorrhage. See Anemic. 
 EXAXIA, Proctocele. 
 
 EXANIMA'TIOjST, Exanima'tio, from fx, 'out 
 of,' and aniina, 'the spirit.' This word has two 
 acceptations. Sometimes, it means real death, 
 corresponding with the Greek ^avaro;, mors. At 
 others, it signifies apparent death, corresponding 
 with the Greek a^v)(^ia, eicxpv)(^La, SKXvais, An'imi 
 deli' quium. 
 
 EXAN'THEM, Exanthe'ma, Anthe'ma erup'tio, 
 Epanthe'ma, Efflorescen'tia, ExantJiis'ma, Ecthy'- 
 ma, Epanaste'ma, Epanthe'ma, Epanthis'ma, Ef- 
 fiora'tio, from tlav^fu, (tf, and avQzui), 'I flourish.' 
 A rash. (F.) Exantheme, Elevure. Under this 
 term, is comprehended, by some, every kind of 
 eruption, of which the skin is the seat. Others 
 comprehend by it those eruptions that are accom- 
 panied by fever, Eebres exanthemat'iccB : includ- 
 ing, under the head of the major exanthemata, 
 those which attack a person but once in his life, 
 and which are communicated by specific conta- 
 gion ; and, under the minor exanthemata, those 
 which are not marked by these characteristics. 
 Small-pox, measles, cow-pox, &c., belong to the 
 major: — chicken-pox, herpes, lichen, &c., to the 
 minor. The general acceptation of Exanthem is, 
 however, a more or less vivid, circumscribed, or 
 diffuse redness of the skin, which diminishes, or 
 
 disappears transiently, under the pressure of the 
 finger. • 
 
 Exanthem, Carbdncular, Anthracia — e. Icho- 
 rous, Emphlysis — e. Pustulous, Empyesis — e. 
 Rash, Enanthesis. 
 
 EXANTHEMA, Eminence— e. Internum, Eis- 
 anthema. 
 
 Exasthe'ma Iod'icum. An eruption of dark- 
 red definite spots, of various sizes, spreading over 
 the whole body, without the formation of scales, 
 and disappearing only after a long time, which 
 seems to be produced occasionally by the use of 
 iodine. 
 
 ExANTHEifA Miliaria, Miliary fever — e. Pes- 
 tis. Plague — e. Antivariolosum, Vaccina — e. Se- 
 rosum, Pemphigus — e. Strophulus, Strophulus — 
 e. Urticatura, Urticaria — e. Vaccina, Vaccina — e. 
 Varicella, Varicella. 
 
 EXANTHEMAT'ICA. Same etymon. Enip'- 
 tive fevers. Cutaneous eruptions, essentially ac- 
 companied with fever;- — the third order in the 
 class Hamatica of Good. 
 
 EXANTHEMATIS'CHESIS, Exanthem atos'- 
 chesis, from z^avdr^na, 'exanthem,' and lax^iv, ' io 
 withhold.' Suppression of a cutaneous eruption. 
 EXKSI'REUk'YOh' OGY , Exanthematolog"ia, 
 from i^avdjina, 'exanthem,' and Xoyog, 'a dis- 
 course.' The doctrine of cutaneous eruptions. 
 
 EXAXTHEMATOPHTHAL'MIA, Ophthalm'- 
 ia exanthemat' ica , from c^avQrjya, 'exanthem,' 
 and o(liQa'Sixia, 'inflammation of the eye.' Oph- 
 thalmia in the course of, or succeeding to, a cu- 
 taneous eruption. 
 
 EXANTHEM'ATOUS, Exanthemato'sns. Ex- 
 I anthemat'ieus, (F.) Exanthematique. Relating or 
 appertaining to exanthem, as " an exanthematoxis 
 eruption." (F.) Eruption exanthematique. 
 
 EXANTHEME INTESTINALE, see Ty- 
 phus. 
 
 EXANTHESIS, see Efflorescence — e. Arthro- 
 sia, Dengue — e. Roseola, Roseola — e. Rubeola, 
 Rubeola. 
 
 EXANTHISMA. Exanthem. 
 EXANTHROPIA, Misanthropia. 
 EXAPSIS, Inflammation. 
 
 EXARAG'MA, from t^apaaaia, 'I tear away,' 
 'I break.' Collision, violent fracture or friction. 
 EXARCHIA'TER, Exarchia'troa. Chief of 
 the archiatri, or chief of physicians, a title, like 
 that of Comes Archiatro'rnm, given to the chief 
 physician of an emperor or king. Archiater ap- 
 pears to have meant, at times, the same thing. 
 EXARMA, Swelling. 
 EXAR'SIO. A burning heat. 
 EXARTEMA, Amuletum. 
 EXARTERI'TIS, Exarterii'tis. from ex, 'out 
 of,' and arteria, ' an artery.' Inflammation of 
 the outer coat of an artery. 
 
 EXARTHREMA, Luxation, Sprain. 
 EXARTHROMA, Luxation, 
 EXARTHROSIS, Luxatio, Sprain— e. Pareti- 
 ca, see Paretious. 
 
 EXARTICULATIO, , Amputation, joint; 
 Luxatio. 
 
 EXARTSIS, Exhaustion. 
 EXASPERATIO, Exacerbation. 
 EXCvECARIA AGALLOCHA, Agallochum. 
 EXCALEFACTIO, Echavffem.enf.. 
 EXCARNA'TION, Excama'tin, from ex, and 
 caro, carnis, 'flesh.' A mode of making ana- 
 tomical preparations, which consists in separa- 
 ting injected vessels from the parts in which 
 they are situate. This is done by means of cor- 
 rosion by an acid or bv putrefaction. 
 EXCASTRATIO, Castration, Eunuch. 
 EXCATHISMA, Bath, half; Semicupium. 
 EXCAVATOR, Dental, see Dental. 
 EXCEREBRATIO, Eccephalosis. 
 
EXCEREBRATUS 
 
 360 
 
 EXERAMA 
 
 EXCEREBRATUS, Delirious. 
 
 EXGERNENT, Secreting. 
 
 EXCIDEXTIA, Ecptoma. 
 
 EXCIP'IEXT, Exeip'iens, from exeipere, {ex, 
 and capere,) 'to receive.' (F.) Intermede. A 
 substance, which, in a medicinal prescription, 
 gives form and consistence to it, and serves as a 
 vehicle or medium for the exhibition of the other 
 ingredients. 
 
 EXCIPULA, Cup. 
 
 EXCISIO, Entaille. 
 
 EXCIS'ION, Excis'io, from excidere, exeisum, 
 lex, and ceedere,) 'to cut off.' Ec'tome. A sur- 
 gical operation, by which parts of a small size 
 are removed with a cutting instrument. 
 
 EXCITABIL'ITY ExcitahiVitas. Irritability. 
 From excitare, (ex, and citare, citatum,) 'to ex- 
 t^ite.' The faculty, possessed by living beings, 
 of being sensible to the action of excitants. The 
 doctrine of excitability forms an important part 
 of the Brunonian system. i 
 
 EXCITANT. Stimulant. 
 
 EXCITA'TIOX, Excita'tio, Excite'ment; same 
 etymon. The act of exciting; the state of an 
 organ or organs excited. Excitement is, some- 
 times, used synonymously with augmented arte- 
 rial action. The effect of the exciting powers 
 acting on the excitability, according to Brown, 
 constitutes excitement. Cullen used the term to 
 express the restoration of the energy and action 
 of the brain, which had been interrupted by sleep 
 or some debilitating cause, — a state opposite to 
 that of co??apse. Not unfrequently, it is emploj'ed 
 in the sense of excessive action, — Super-excita'tio, 
 (F.) Stir-excitation. 
 
 EXCITED DISEASES, Feigned diseases. 
 
 EXCITO-MOTIOX, see Excito-motory. 
 
 EXCI'TO-MO'TORT. (F.) Exeito-moteur. An 
 epithet applied by Dr. Marshall Hall to a division 
 of the nervous system — comprising the gray mat- 
 ter of the spinal marrow, with the afferent and 
 efferent nerves connected with it; — all of which 
 are concerned in reflex actions ; or those by which 
 impressions are transmitted to a centre, and re- 
 fleeted so as to produce muscular contraction 
 without sensation or volition. They constitute 
 the reficx system of nerves. See Xerves. 
 
 The term excito-motion has also been employed 
 to signify motion, no matter how excited, by the 
 reflex nerves or by volition. — C. J. B. Williams. 
 
 EXCORIATIO, Eedora. 
 
 EXCORIA'TION, Excoria'tio, Excoriatu'ra, 
 Am'i/c}ie,iTom ex, and coHum, 'skin.' (F.) Ecor- 
 chure. A slight wound, which removes only the 
 skin. 
 
 EXCORIATURA, Excoriation. 
 
 EXCREA'TIOX, Excrea'tio, Exserea'fio, 
 Serea'tus, Rasca'tio, from ex, and screare, 'to 
 spit.' Act of spitting. (F.) CracTiement. See 
 Exspuitio. 
 
 EX'CREMENT, Excremen'tum, Retrimen'tum, 
 Excre'tnm, Excre'tio, Perit'toma, Diachoi-e'ma, 
 Aph'odos, Apjhoden'ma, Apocho'reon, Apoc'risis, 
 Ardas, Ar'dcdos, from excernere, excretum, {ex, 
 and eernere,) 'to separate,' 'cleanse.' Every- 
 thing, which is evacuated from the body of an 
 animal by the natural emunctories, as superfluous ; 
 such as the faecal matters, the urine, perspiration, 
 nasal mucus, &c. Generally, however, the term 
 is restricted to the fsecal evacuations ; — Purga- 
 menta, Hedra, Sedes, FcBces, Stercits, Cacce, Spat'- 
 ile, (especially when liquid,) Dejec'tio ahi'na 
 O'nera ah'i, Sordes venfris, Hijpoclwre'ma, Gee' - 
 lia, HypocTiore'sis, Merda, Merdus, Catarrhex'is, 
 Copras, Scor. 
 
 Excrement, Human. Stercus humanum. 
 
 EXCRE.MENTIT"IAL, Excrementit"ious,Ex- 
 crer)ientit"ius, (F.) Excrementeux, Exerementitiel. 
 
 That which is similar to excrement, and forms 
 part of it. Excrementitial humours or parts are 
 those destined to be evacuated as incapable of 
 administering to the nutrition of the bodv. 
 
 EXCREM'EX'TO-RECREMENTIT"IAL,^a:- 
 eremento-recrementit"ious. Animal fluids, in- 
 tended to be partlv absorbed and partly rejected. 
 
 EXCRES'CEXCE, Excrescen'tia, Ecphy'ma, 
 Phymato'sis, Hi/jjersarco'sis, Sarco23hy'ia, Caro 
 excres'cens, from excrescere, {ex, and crescere,] 
 'to grow outwards.' (Sc.) Swabtie. (F.) Excrois- 
 sauce. A tumour, which forms at the surface of 
 organs, and especially on the skin, mucous mem- 
 branes, or ulcerated surfaces. Excrescences differ 
 in size, shape, cause, &c., and each requires its 
 own treatment. Warts, condylomata, polypi, 
 hemorrhoids, belong to this head. 
 
 EXCRESCENIIA, Exacerbation, Protube- 
 rance, Tumour — e. Carnosa, Sarcoma — e. Fun- 
 gosa, Fungosity — e. Gingivse, Epulis — e. Vesicae 
 urinariae carnosa, Cysthvpersarcosis. 
 
 EXCRETA, see Excretion. 
 
 EXCRETEUR, Excretory. 
 
 EXCRETIO, Excretion, Excrement — e. Alvi- 
 na. Defecation — e. Fascum alvinarum. Defecation 
 — e. Urinse involuntaria, Enuresis. 
 
 EXCRE'TIOX, Excre'tio, Ec'crisis, Evacita'- 
 tio, Ejec'tio, Expul'sio, Eges'tio, Diacliore'sis, 
 from excernere, excretum, {ex, and eernere,) 'to 
 separate.' The separation or throwing off of 
 those matters, Excre'ta, Eges'ta, lon'ta, Apion'ta, 
 from the body of an animal, which are supposed 
 to be useless, as the urine, perspiration, and 
 
 EXCRETOIRE, Excretory. 
 
 EX'CRETORT, Excreto'rius, (F.) Excreteur 
 ou Excretoire ; same etymon. An Excretory 
 vessel or d.uct. Ductus excreto'rius, is one which 
 transmits the fluid secreted by a gland either 
 externally or into the reservoirs into which it has 
 to be deposited. The existence of an excretory 
 duct was regarded as a distinctive character of 
 the glands properly so called. 
 
 ExcEETORY Organ means any one charged 
 with the office of excreting; thus, the skin is 
 said to be an excretory organ, because through 
 it the perspiration takes place. 
 
 EXCRETUM, Excrement. 
 
 EXCROISSANCE. Excrescence. 
 
 EXCU'TIA YEXTRIC'ULI, Stomach Brush. 
 An instrumentj composed of iron or brass wire, 
 at one of the extremities of which is a pencil of 
 bristles. Some ancient authors proposed this to 
 extract foreign bodies from the oesophagus, as 
 well as to cleanse the stomach of viscid and tena- 
 cious matters adherins: to it. 
 
 EXECHEBROXCHUS, Bronchocele. 
 
 EXECHEGLUTI, Exischioi. 
 
 EXEDEXS, see Herpes exedens. 
 
 EXELCOSIS, see Ulceration. 
 
 EXELCYS'MOS, from 4, 'from,' and f>./ft)a), 
 'I draw.' Extraction. Also the act of breaking 
 out into ulcers. 
 
 EXELCYSMUS, Extraction. 
 
 EXENCEPHALE, from tl 'out of,' and 
 tyKtipaKov, 'the eneephalon.' A genus of monsters, 
 in which the eneephalon is situate in a great mea- 
 sure out of the cranium, the upper portion of 
 which is almost whoUy wanting. Isid. G. St. 
 Hilaire. 
 
 EXENTERATION, Exenterismus. 
 
 EXENTERIS'MUS, Exenter'isis, Exentera'- 
 tio, Exentera'tion, Eviseera'tion, Deviscera'tion, 
 Unbow'elling, Emhoio'elling or Imbow'elling, Visee- 
 ra'tion, from tf, 'out of,' and evrepov, 'an intes- 
 tine.' The operation of taking out the bowels. 
 
 EXERA'MA, from t^epaoi, ' I throw out.' Any 
 thing ca*t out. Vomiting; or the matter vomited. 
 — Hippocrates. 
 
EXERCISE 
 
 361 
 
 EXOGENOUS 
 
 EX'ERCISE, Exercita'tio, Exercit" ium, Asce'- 
 fis, Gymna'sion, from exercere, exercitum, 'to 
 work.' Every motion of the body arising from 
 the contraction of muscles subjected to the will. 
 Also, the action of any organ whatever. Exer- 
 cise may be active or passive. The passive are 
 referred to, under the head of Gestation. The 
 chief active exercises are: — walking, running, 
 dancing, hunting, fencing, playing at ball, cricket, 
 racket, quoits, swimming, declamation, and sing- 
 ing. Exercise is an important prophylactic, par- 
 ticularly for those disposed to be plethoric. It 
 improves the digestion ; augments the secretions ; 
 and, when used in moderation, gives strength to 
 the body ; but when carried to excess, produces 
 debility and disease. 
 
 BXERRHO'SIS, from si, 'out of,' and fjsu,'! 
 flow.' The discharge which takes place by in- 
 sensible perspiration. 
 
 EXFCETATION, see Pregnancy. 
 EXFOLIATIF, Exfoliative. 
 EXFOLIA'TION, Enfolia'tio, Besquama'tio, 
 Ecle2)'is{s, Ecleip'iais, from ex, and folium, ' a 
 leaf.' By this is meant the separation of the dead 
 portions of a bone, tendon, aponeurosis, or car- 
 tilage, under the form of lamellaj or small scales. 
 Exfoliation is accomplished by the instinctive 
 action of the parts, and its object is to detach the 
 dead portion from those subjacent, which are 
 still alive. For this purpose the latter throw out 
 fleshy granulations, and a more or less abundant 
 suppuration occurs, which tends to separate the 
 exfoliated part, — n«w become an extraneous 
 body. The ancients distinguished exfoliation 
 into sensible and insensible, according as the dead 
 portions of bone were detached in fragments of 
 greater or less size, or in very thin pieces, and in 
 an almost insensible manner. When the dead 
 part embraces all or almost all the substance of a 
 bone, it takes the name Sequestrum. 
 
 EXPO'LIATIVE. Exfoliati'vus, Desquamato'- 
 rius, (F.) Exfoliatif. That which takes away by 
 leaves or scales. The term has been applied to 
 certain medicines, which were regarded as proper 
 to hasten exfoliation, such as alcohol, oil of tur- 
 pentine, tincture of myrrh, Ac. 
 
 Exfo'liative Trepax, Eclepisitrep'aniun. An 
 ancient raspatory, or instrument for scraping ex- 
 foliating portions of bone. 
 EXHALAISON, Exhalation. 
 EXHA'LANT, Exha'lent, Exha'lans, from ex- 
 halare, exhalatum, {ex, and Jialare, 'to breathe,') 
 'to exhale,' 'throw out.' 
 
 Exhalant Vessels, Vasa exkalan'tia, are 
 very minute, and rise from the arterial capillary 
 system. They are situate in every tissue of the 
 body, and on the surface of the mucous and se- 
 rous membranes and skin; on which each pours 
 its particular fluid. Bichat distinguished three 
 sets. 1. The external, terminating on the mucous 
 and external dermoid system, where they pour 
 the matter of perspiration. 2. The internal, com- 
 prising those of the areolar and medullary tis- 
 sues, and of synovial surfaces; and, 3. The nutri- 
 tive exhalants, which vary in each organ where 
 they are found, and preside over the phenomena 
 of composition and increase of every part of the 
 body. The exhalants are the antagonists of the 
 absorbents. They are imaginary vessels, inas- 
 much as they cannot be detected. 
 EXHALATIO, Evaporation. 
 EXHALA'TION, Exhala'tio; same etymon. 
 Anathymi'asis, Apopneu'sis, (F.) Exhalaison. A 
 function, by virtue of which certain fluids, ob- 
 tained from the blood, are spread, in the form of 
 dew, in the areolee of the different textures, or at 
 the surface of membranes; either for the sake of 
 being thrown out of the body, or to serve certain 
 purposes. The sweat is a liquid, excrenientitious 
 
 exhalation ; the serous fluid of the pleura, a 
 liquid reerementitioua exhalation. 
 
 Exhalation is, also, applied to that which ex- 
 hales from any body whatever, organic or inor- 
 ganic, dead or living. 
 
 Exhalation, Pulmonary, see Perspiration. 
 
 EXHAUS'TION, Exar'ysia, Vires exhaust's, 
 from exhaurire, exhaustum, (ex, and haurire,) 'to 
 draw out.' (F.) Epuisement. Loss of strength, 
 occasioned by excessive evacuations, great fatigue 
 or privation of food, or by disease. 
 
 EXHIL'ARANT, Exhil'arans, from ex, and 
 hila.ro, 'I make merry.' An agent that exhila 
 rates or enlivens. 
 
 EXHUMA'TION, Exhuma'tio, Effos'sio, from 
 ex, and humus, 'the ground.' The disinterment 
 of a corpse. The circumstances which render 
 this necessary are: — 1. Judicial investigations 
 relative to the body of the person inhumed. 2. 
 The removal of a body from one cemetery to 
 another; and, 3. The evacuation of cemeteries or 
 sepulchral vaults. The operation is attended 
 with much unpleasant smell and annoyance, and 
 requires the use of disinfecting agents, of which 
 the most powerful is chlorinated lime. See Dis- 
 infection. The putrid effluvia from animal sub- 
 stances are not, however, found to excite endemic 
 
 EXibiA AURICULA JUD^, Peziza auri- 
 cula. 
 
 EXINANIT"IOX, Exinanit"io, from ex, 'out 
 of,' and inanis, 'empty.' Extreme exhaustion; 
 complete evacuation. 
 
 EXISCH'IUM. Same etymon as the next. 
 Prominence of the hips. 
 
 EXIS'CHIUS, Exis'chus, from sf, 'out of,' 
 and ia)(^iov, 'the ischium.' A luxation of the os 
 femoris. Those with large nates, and prominent 
 hips, were formerly called E.tis'chioi and Exeche- 
 glu'ti. 
 
 EXITU'RA, from exire, exitum, (ex, and eo,) 
 'to go out.' According to some, any abscess 
 which discharges. Paracelsus calls thus every 
 kind of putrid excrement. 
 
 EX'ITUS. Same etymon. The outer termi- 
 nation or exit of a canal. The termination of a 
 disease. 
 
 EXOARTERITIS, see Arteritis. 
 
 EXOCARDIAC, see Endocardiac. 
 
 EXOCARDIAL, see Endocardiac. 
 
 EXOCARDITIS, Pericarditis. 
 
 EX'OCHAS, Ex'oche, from e^^x'^, (s^, and 
 eX'^;) 'I project.' A soft tumour — as a hemor- 
 rhoid — outside of the anus. An outward pile. 
 
 EXOCHE, Eminence, Exochas. 
 
 EXOCHORIOX, see Chorion. 
 
 EXOCOLITIS, see Colitis. 
 
 EXOCULA'TIO, from ex, 'out of,' and oeulus, 
 'an eye.' Want of eyes. Want of vision. Blind- 
 ness. 
 
 EXOCYS'TE, Exocys'tis, from if, 'out of,' and 
 Kvarti, 'the bladder.' A prolapsus of the bladder 
 into the urethra. Also called Prolap'sus vesi'ccB, 
 jEdo2ito' sis vesi'ccB, (F.) lienversemeut de la ressie. 
 
 Exocys'te Noelia'na. Protrusion of the in- 
 ner membrane of the bladder. So called from 
 M. Noel, who first accurately described it. 
 
 Exocys'te Solingenia'na. Protrusion of the 
 neck of the bladder. Called after M. Solingen, 
 who first accurately described it. 
 
 EXCEDESIS, Swelling. 
 
 EXODIG, Efferent. 
 
 EXOG"ENOUS, from sf, 'out of,' and yiwaw, 
 'I engender.' A term first applied to plants — 
 hence called Ex'ogens — in which the wood in- 
 creases by annual additions to the outside. 
 
 In animal anatomy, processes which shoot out 
 from any part are termed exogenous. An exoge- 
 
EXOGENS 
 
 362 
 
 EXPECTORANT 
 
 flows aneurism is one caused by division, from 
 •without, of the arterial walls. 
 EXOGENS, see Exogenous. 
 EXOGOGE, Extraction. 
 
 EXOGONIUM PURGA, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 EXOGOXYAN'CON, from tfu, 'outwards,' 
 yovv, 'the knee,' and ayKiov, 'an elbow.' Bowing 
 of the knees outwards. 
 
 EXOINE, Exohie, from ex, 'out of,' and ido- 
 neus, 'fit,' or rather from exonerare, 'to exone- 
 rate' [?j. In France, a certificate of excuse, ex- 
 3mption, or dispensation, given to those sum- 
 moned to appear before a court of justice, and 
 who are unable to do so. 
 EXOLCE, Extraction. 
 EXOLUTION, Syncope. 
 EXOMETRA, Prolapsus uteri. 
 EXOMOIOSIS, Assimilation. 
 EXOMPHALOCELE, Exomphalus. 
 EXOM'PHALUS, Exumhilica'tio, Exompha- 
 loce'le, Om'phaloce'le, Hernia iimhilica'lis, Om- 
 phalex'oche, Omphalopropto' sis, Prolap' sus umbi- 
 li'ci, (F.) Hernie omhilicale, H. du nombril, Um- 
 bilical hernia, from ef, 'out of,' and ujiipaKoi, 'the 
 navel.' Hernia occurring at the navel. This 
 affection happens more frequently in infants, and 
 takes place by the umbilical ring. In adults, it 
 occurs more commonly in females than in males ; 
 and, when it does so, the sac passes in the vici- 
 nity of the umbilicus. The organs, found in this 
 kind of hernia, are particularly, — the epiploon, 
 the jejunum, the arch of the colon, and some- 
 times the stomach. The tumour is, in general, 
 round, and presents all the characters of hernia. 
 It is, commonly, really reducible, and not sub- 
 ject to strangulation. It must be reduced, and 
 retained by an elastic bandage, made in the form 
 of a girdle, and furnished with a pad at its middle 
 part. When strangulated, the stricture may be 
 divided upwards and towards the left side. 
 
 EXONCO'MA, Exoneo'sis, from tf, and oyKog, 
 'a tumour.' A large, prominent tumour. Used, 
 by Galen, for protuberance of the vertebra after 
 luxation. 
 
 EXONCOSIS, Exoncoma — e. Lingute, Glos- 
 soncus. 
 
 EXONEIROGMUS, Pollution, nocturnal. 
 EXONEIROSIS, Pollution, nocturnal. 
 EXONEURISM, Magnetism, animal. 
 EXOPHTHAL'MIA, Ptosis seu Prolap'sus seu 
 Prociden' tia Oe'uli seu Bulbi Ocidi, Exorbitis' - 
 mus, Ophthaltnoce'le, Ophthalmopto'sis, Ocidi to- 
 tiits prominen'tia, from tl, 'out of,' and o(p5a'Xiios, 
 'eye.' (F.) Procidenee de I'oeil. .A protrusion 
 of the eye from its orbit, occasioned by an ab- 
 scess or tumour in the areolar texture of the 
 orbit; by exostosis of the parietes of the orbit, 
 &Q. In exophthalmia, the eye is pressed for- 
 wards ; the eyelids are raised and separated, so 
 that they can no longer cover the eye and defend 
 it from the action of extraneous bodies ; it be- 
 comes inflamed, and the sight is disturbed or de- 
 stroyed. The treatment of course depends upon 
 the cause. 
 
 Exophthalmia Fungosa, Sarcosis bulbi — e. 
 Sarcomatiea, Sarcosis bulbi. 
 
 EXOPHTHALMUS, same etymon. One whose 
 eyes are very prominent. The opposite to Coe- 
 lophthalmus. 
 
 EXORBITISMUS, Exophthalmia. 
 EXORMIA, Papula — e. Lichen, Lichen — e. 
 Prurigo, Prurigo — e. Strophulus, Strophulus. 
 EXORTUS^'UNGUIUM, see Nail. 
 EXOSIS, Luxation. 
 EXO-SKELETON, see Skeleton. 
 EXOSMA, from 4, 'out of,' and u>Qeu), 'to 
 move.' A luxated or dislocated limb or organ. 
 EXOSMIC, Exosmotic. 
 EXOSMOSE', Exosmo'sis, Transuda'tion, from 
 
 tf, 'out of,' and oio-fioj, 'impulse.' The opposite 
 to Endosmose. The act by which substances 
 transude from within to without an animal or 
 other membrane. 
 
 EXOSMOT'IC, Exosmot'icua, Exos'mic, Exos'- 
 mic-is; same etymon. Belonging to Exosmose : 
 — as an exosmotic current. 
 EXOSSATIO, Exostosis. 
 
 EXOSTEMMA GARIB^A, Cinchona cari- 
 baoas cortex. 
 
 EXOSTOMA, Exostosis. 
 
 EXOSTOSE, Exostosis — e. dea Dents, Exos- 
 tosis dentium — e. Sous-ungeale, see Subunguial. 
 
 EXOSTO'SIS, Hi/jjerosto'sis, Emphy'ma ex- 
 ostosis, Exosto'ma, Eposto'ma, Eposto'sis, Oste- 
 o'ma, Osto'ma, Osteoph'yta, Exossa'tio, Ossis 
 Eminen'tia, (F.) Exostose, Osteophyte ; from t^, 
 'out of,' and oareov, 'a bone.' An osseous tu- 
 mour, which forms at the surface of bones, or in 
 their cavities. Various kinds have been enume- 
 rated. I'vory Exosto'sis ; (F.) E. eburnee ; — that 
 which has the appearance and consistence of 
 ivory. Lam'inar Exosto'sis; (E.) E. Lamiiiee ; — 
 that which is formed of laminag in superposition, 
 or of distinct filaments. The Spongy Exosto'sis 
 is that whose structure is analogous to the spongy 
 tissue of bones. Exostoses are sometimes distin- 
 guished into the true, which seem to be a projec- 
 tion of the osseous substance, and which have the 
 same organization and hardness as that substance; 
 and the false or osteo-sarcoma. Exostosis may 
 depend on syphilis, scrofula, rickets, gout, &c. 
 In such cases, it is important to get rid of the 
 primary disease. 
 
 Those exostoses, which occur within the bones, 
 have, by some, been called Enostoses. 
 Exostosis, Spina ventosa. 
 Exostosis Dentium, (F.) Exostose des Dents. 
 Exostosis of the teeth. 
 
 Exostosis Steatomatodes, Osteosteatoma — e. 
 Subunguial, see Subunguial. 
 EXOTERIC, see Esoteric. 
 'EX0T'lC,Exo'ticu8, from e^io, 'without.' That 
 which comes from abroad. Plants or drugs which 
 are procured from abroad are so called. It is 
 opposed to indigenous. 
 
 BXOTICADEN'IA, from exotic, and aSsta, 'I 
 dislike.' Aversion for exotic drugs. 
 EXOTICH^MATOSIS, Transfusion. 
 EXOTICOMA'NIA. The opposite to exotica- 
 denia. Fondness for exotic remedies. 
 
 EXOTICOSYM'PHYSIS, from f^wnKOf, 'fo- 
 reign,' and avijipvats, 'a growing together.' A 
 union or growing together of foreign bodies, as 
 of a foreign body with the human. 
 
 EXPANSIO," Expansion — e. Museulosa, Pla- 
 tysma myoides. 
 
 EXPAN'SION, Expan'sio, from expandere, 
 expansum, {ex, and pa7idere, 'to open,') 'to spread 
 out.' A prolongation or spreading out, presented 
 by certain organs. Thus, we say an aponeurotic 
 expansion. &c. 
 
 EXPATRATIO, Ejaculation (of Sperm.) 
 EXPECTANT, Exspec'tans, from exspectare, 
 exspectatum, {ex, and spectare, 'to look,') 'to 
 wait.' That which waits: — as Expectant 3Iedi- 
 cine,—La Ifedecine expectante. See Expectation. 
 EXPECTA'TION, Exspecta' tio ; same etymon. 
 The word expectation has been applied, in medi- 
 cine, to that method, which consists in observing 
 the progress of diseases, and removing deranging 
 influences, without prescribing active medicines, 
 unless such shall be imperiously required. It 
 consists, in fact, in leaving the disease almost 
 wholly to the efforts of nature, and has been 
 termed the art of curing diseases by expectation 
 or waiting — Ars sanan'di cum expectatio'ne. 
 
 EXPECTORANT, Expec'toratim, Expec'to- 
 rans, Anacathar'ticus, Spiutato'rius, Antibe' chicus, 
 
EXPECTORATIO 
 
 363 
 
 EXSTROPHIA 
 
 Ptys'magogue, from ex, 'out of,' and pectus, pec- 
 toris, 'the breast.' A medicine capable of facili- 
 tating or provoking espoctoration. There is pro- 
 bably no such thing as a direct expectorant. 
 They all act through the system, or by impres- 
 sions made on parts at a distance, which, through 
 the medium of general, continuous, or contiguous 
 sympathy, excite the secretory vessels of the air- 
 passages into action. The following are the 
 chief reputed expectorants : — Ammoniacum; Asa- 
 foetida; Galbanum; Ipecacuanha; Myroxylon ; 
 Myrrha; Inhalations of Iodine, Stramonium, 
 Tar, Burning AVool, Tobacco, &c.; Seilla; Sene- 
 ga, and Tolutanum. 
 
 EXPECTORATIO, Expectoration — e. San- 
 guinis, Haemoptysis — e. Solida, Cynanche tra- 
 chealis. 
 
 EXPECTORA'TIOiSr, Expectora'tio, EcclieV- 
 ysis, Bex hu'nitda, Anap'tysis, Prop'tysis, Stetho- 
 cathar'sis, Anacathar'sis, Anahex'is, Haisiiig. 
 Same etymon. The act of expelling from the 
 chest matters or secretions there collected or ex- 
 isting. It is, likewise, used for the expectorated 
 matter. 
 
 EXPECTORATION DE SANG, Hemop- 
 tysis. 
 
 Expectoration, Prume-juice, see Prune- 
 juice. 
 
 EXPECTORATIVE, Expectorant. 
 
 EXPELLEXS, Expulsive. 
 
 EXPE'RIENCE, Experien'tia, Peira, Empei'- 
 rn, from tf, and n-tipa, 'a trial.' A knowledge of 
 things acquired by observation. In medicine, 
 this knowledge can be obtained both by the prac- 
 titioner's own experience, and by that obtained 
 from tradition and from books. To profit by ex- 
 perience requires a mind capable of appreciating 
 the proper relations between cause and effect; 
 and hence it happens, that false experience, Ex- 
 perien'tia fallax, is extremely common ; and that 
 a man had better, in many instances, trust to 
 that which he has learned from others, than to 
 his own fallacious observation. 
 
 The union of accurate observation by the phy- 
 sician with that handed down by medical writers 
 constitutes perfect experience, so far as it is at- 
 tainable in any individual case. 
 
 EXPERIENCE, Experiment— e. de Mariotte, 
 Mariotte, experiment of. 
 
 EXPER'IMENT, Experiment' turn; same ety- 
 mon. (F.) Experience. A trial, made on the 
 bodies of men or animals, for the purpose of de- 
 tecting the effect of a remedy, or of becoming 
 better acquainted with their structure, functions, 
 or peculiarities. In a more general sense, it 
 means any trial instituted with the intent of be- 
 coming better acquainted with any thing. By 
 experiments on living animals, we have obtained 
 much valuable information in the various depart- 
 ments of medicine; but particularly in physi- 
 ology and toxicology. 
 
 Experiment of Mariotte, see Mariotte. 
 
 Experiment of Wepfer, Experimen'ticni Wep- 
 feria'niim. An experiment attributed to AVepfer, 
 which consisted in injecting air into the blood- 
 vessels of animals, with the view of observing its 
 effects on the economy. 
 
 EXPERS NUPTIARUM, Virgin. 
 
 EXPER T {'E.), Exper'tus, from ex, andperifxts, 
 'skilled.' Skilful or of good experience. A phy- 
 sician, charged with the duty of making a report, 
 (P.) Expertise, upon any case of legal medicine. 
 
 EXPERTISE, see Expert. 
 
 EXPIRA'TION, Exjiira'tin, Exspira'tio, Ec'- 
 pnoe, Ecpneumato'sis, Ecpneu'sis, Apopneu'sis, 
 Apop'noe, Apopnce'a, from exspiirare, [ex, and 
 spirare, spiratum,) 'to breathe out.' The act of 
 expelling from the chest, the air received during 
 respiration. 
 
 EX'PIRATORY, Exinratio'ni inser'viens. 
 Same etymon. Relating or appertaining to ex- 
 piration. The expiratory muscles are all those 
 which contribute to diminish the cavity of the 
 chest, for the purpose of expelling the air con- 
 tained in the lungs, or of producing expiration. 
 These muscles are, chiefly, the intercostals, tri- 
 angularis sterni, quadratus lumborum, serratus 
 posticus inferior, the oblique and recti muscles of 
 the abdomen, and the sacro-lumbalis. 
 
 EXPLORATIO, Exploration — e. Abdominis, 
 Abdominoscopia. 
 
 EXPLORA'TIOX, Explora'tio, Recognit"io, 
 from ex2}lorare, exploratum, ' to search into.' The 
 act of observing and attentively examining or in- 
 vestigating every thing connected with a case of 
 disease. The word is chiefly used in this sense 
 by the French practitioners. 
 
 EXPLORA'TOR, CHEST. An instrument, 
 proposed by Dr. B. Babington for exploring the 
 chest in cases of empyema. It consists of a 
 needle, contained in the smallest sized canula. 
 This is passed between the ribs into the chest. 
 The needle is then withdrawn, and the escape of 
 fluid indicates the nature of the case. 
 
 EXPLORATORIUM, Sound, Specillum. 
 
 EXPRES'SION, Exp7-es'sio, Ecpies'mos, Ec- 
 tJilip'sis, from ex, 'out of,' and premere, pressum, 
 'to press.' The act of compressing a substance, 
 for the purpose of separating from it the fluids 
 which it contains. Also, the manner in which 
 impressions made upon us are depicted; especi- 
 ally in the traits of the countenance. 
 
 Expression of Sweat, (F.) Stteur d'expres- 
 sion, is a term given to the passive perspiration 
 observable in very debilitated individuals. 
 
 EXPUITIOX,"Exspuition. 
 
 EXPULSIO, Excretion — e.Fsecum, Defecation 
 — e. Fcetiis, Parturition. 
 
 EXPULSIF. Expulsive. 
 
 EXPULSIOX, SPONTANEOUS, Evolutiin, 
 spontaneous. 
 
 EXPUL'SWE, Expel'left Exjmho'rius, (F.) 
 Expulsif, from expellere, expulsum, (ex. and peZ- 
 lere,) ' to drive away.' 
 
 An expulsive bandage, (F.I Bandage expulsif, 
 is one constructed with the view of compressing 
 a part, from which we are desirous of expelling 
 pus, serum, &c. Certain medicines were formerly 
 called expulsives, which were believed to have 
 the power of driving the humours towards the 
 skin : — as diaphoretics, and sudorifics. 
 
 EXPULTRIX, see A'is expultrix. 
 
 EXSANGUE, Exanguious. 
 
 EXSANGUINE, Exanguious. 
 
 EXSANGUINITY, Anemia. 
 
 EXSANGUIS, Exanguious. Exsanguis is 
 used by Ausonius for one exhausted by venery ; 
 — as sanguis meant sperm as well as blood. See 
 Sperm. 
 
 EXSARCOMA, Sarcoma. 
 
 EXSCREATIO, Excreation. 
 
 EXSECTIO VIRILIUM, Castration. 
 
 EXSECTUS, Castratus, Eunuch. 
 
 EXSICCATIO, Drying. 
 
 EXSICCATIA^A, Desiccativa. 
 
 EXSOLUTIO. Eelysis. 
 
 EXSPIRATIO, Exspiration. 
 
 EXSPUIT"ION, Exsp>uit"io, Spuit"io, bpu- 
 ta'tio, Anachremp'sis, Apochremp'sis. Chremp'sis, 
 Ptysis, Anacine'ma, Anacine'sis, (F.) Expvition, 
 Sputation, from ex, 'out of,' and spuo, 'I spit.' 
 Rejection of the matters accumulated in the pha- 
 rynx and larynx ; spitting. 
 
 EXSTASIS, Ecstasis, 
 
 EXSTIRPATIO, Extirpation. 
 
 EXSTROPH'IA, Ex'stvophy, Ec'strophe, from 
 tf, 'out of,' and aTpo<pri, 'turning.' Extrover'sio, 
 Extrover'sion. Eversion or turning out of a part 
 
EXSUCCATIO 
 
 364 
 
 EXTENSOR 
 
 — as of the eyelids. A term used by M. Chaus- 
 sier for certain displacements of organs, and 
 especially of the urinary bladder. 
 
 Exstroph'ia or Ex'strophy of the Bladder, 
 (F.) Renversement de la Vessie, is a faulty con- 
 formation, in which the organ opens above the 
 pubes ; so that in the hypogastric region there is 
 a red, mucous surface, formed by the inner coat 
 of the bladder; on which two prominences are 
 distinguishable, corresponding to the openings 
 of the ureters. 
 
 EXSUCCATIO. Eechymoma. 
 
 EXSUC'TIO, Suc'tio, Eemyzc'sh, from ex, and 
 siigpi-e, ancfuin. 'to suck.' The action of sucking. 
 
 EXSUDATIO, Ephidrosis. 
 
 EXSUFFLATIO, Ecphysesis. 
 
 EXTA, see Entrails. 
 
 EXTASE, Ecstasis. 
 
 EXTE.MPORA'NEOUS, Extempora'neus, Ex- 
 tempora'lis, (E.) Extemporane, from ex, and tem-^ 
 pus, teniporis, 'out of time.' Those prescriptions 
 are called 'extemporaneous,' or 'magistral,' which 
 are made on the spot, and composed according to 
 the presc-riDtion of the phvsician. 
 
 EXTENSEUR COMMUN DES DOIGTS, 
 Extensor digitorum communis — e. Commun des 
 orfeiVs, Extensor communis digitorum pedis — e. 
 Court du 'pouce, Extensor pollicis brevis — e. Long 
 da pouee, Extensor longus pollicis — e. Petit des 
 orteils, Extensor brevis digitorum pedis — e. 
 Propre du petit doigt, Extensor proprius minimi 
 digiti — e. Propre de V Index, Extensor proprius 
 indicis. 
 
 EXTEXSIBIL'ITT, Extensihil'itas. A pro- 
 perty, possessed by certain bodies, of being ca- 
 pable of extension or elongation. 
 
 EXTEXSIO, Extension, Tetanus. 
 
 EXTEN'SIOX, Exten'sio, Tnsis, Ec'tasis, Ca- 
 tnt.'asis, Anat'asis, from extendere, (ex, and ten- 
 dere, tensum.) 'to stretch out.' An operation in 
 surgery, in which either with the hands alone, or 
 by straps, a fractured or luxated limb is pulled 
 strongly, to restore it to its natural position. It 
 .s the opposite of Counter-extension. 
 
 EXTEXSOR. Same etymon. (F.) Exlenseur. 
 A muscle, whose office is to extend certain parts. 
 
 Extensor Brevis Digitc'rcm Pedis, Ped'i- 
 CU8, (F.) Cnlcaneo-jjhalanf/iniea commun, of DtJ- 
 MAS ; Muscle pedieux ou petit extenseur des orteils, 
 Calcaneo-sus-phalangettien commun — (Ch.), Carre 
 du pied ; Short Extensor of the Toes. A muscle, 
 situate on the dorsal region of the foot. It arises 
 from the external surface of the calcanoum, and 
 at the anterior edge of a ligament, which unites 
 that bone to the astragalus. Anteriorly, each of 
 its divisions terminates by a small tendon, which 
 is fixed successively, at the superior part of the 
 posterior extremity of the first phalanx of the 
 great toe, and to the second and last phalanges 
 of the next three toes. Its use is to extend the 
 first four toes, and to direct them a little outwards. 
 
 Extensor Carpi Radiaus BREviOR,seeRadi- 
 alis — e. Carpi radialis longior, see Radialis — e. 
 Carpi ulnaris, see Cubital muscles. 
 
 Extensor Commu'xis DiGiTo'RUjr Pedis, E. 
 Longus Digitorum Pedis, E. Digitorum longus, 
 Cnemodacti/lcB'ns, (F.) Peroneo-tibi-sus-phalanget- 
 tien commun, Peroneo-sus-phalangettien commun, 
 Extenseur commun des Orteils. This muscle, 
 also, is situate at the anterior part of the leg. It 
 is long, thin, flattened, simple, and fleshy above, 
 and divided into four tendons below. It arises 
 from the outer tuberosity of the tibia and the an- 
 terior surface of the fibula, and is inserted into 
 the superior part of the posterior extremity of 
 the second and third phalanges of the last four 
 toes. It extends the three phalanges of these 
 tfles. 
 
 Fytensor Digito'ruji Cojimu'nis, E. digito- 
 
 rum communis mantis cum extenso' re j)ro' prio auri- 
 cida'ris, Digito'rum Tensor; (F.) Epicondylo- 
 sus-phalangettien commun — (Ch.,) — Extenseur 
 commun des Doigts, Commo7i Extensor of the Fin- 
 gers. A long, flattened muscle ; simple above, 
 and divided into four portions inferiorly. It is 
 situate at the posterior part of the forearm : 
 arises from the external tuberosity of the hume- 
 rus ; from the aponeurosis of the forearm, and 
 from the aponeurotic septa situate between it and 
 the neighbouring muscles, and is inserted at the 
 posterior surface ■ of the second and third pha- 
 langes of the last four fingers. This muscle ex- 
 tends the phalanges of the last four fingers upon 
 each other, and upon the metacarpal bone. It 
 can, also, extend the hand on the forearm. 
 
 Extensor Digitorum Longus, E. communis 
 digitorum pedis — e. Longus digitorum pedis, E. 
 communis digitorum pedis — e. Proprius hallucis, 
 E. proprius pollicis pedis — e. Indicis, E. proprius 
 indicis — e. Internodii ossis pollicis, E. longus 
 pollicis — e. Primi internodii. Abductor longus 
 pollicis. 
 
 Extensor Pol'licis Brevis, E. minor pioVlicis 
 mantis seu primi interno'dii sen pol'licis primus 
 seu secun'di interno'dii (Douglas,) seu secun'di 
 interno'dii ossis pol'licis ; (F.) Cubito-sus-phalan- 
 gien du pouce, — (Ch.), Court extenseur du, pouee. 
 Seated at the posterior and inferior part of the 
 forearm. It is thin, long, and broader at its 
 middle than at the extremities. It arises from 
 the posterior surface of the ulna and the inter- 
 osseous ligament, and is inserted behind the su- 
 perior extremity of the first phalanx of the 
 thumb. It extends the thumb, and aids in supi- 
 nation. 
 
 Extensor Pol'licis Longus; E. major pol'li- 
 cis mait&s seu secun'di interno'dii se\x p>ollicis 
 secun'dus seu ter'tii interno'dii (Douglas,) seu 
 interno'dii ossis pol'licis, (F.) Cubito-stis-phalan- 
 gettien du pouee, — (Ch.), Jfuscle long extenseur du 
 potice. This muscle is long, flat, and fusiform; 
 and is seated at the posterior part of the forearm. 
 It arises from the posterior surface of the ulna 
 and the interosseous ligament, and is inserted at 
 the posterior part of the superior extremity of the 
 first phalanx of the thumb. It extends the last 
 phalanx of the thumb upon the first. 
 
 Extensor Pro'prius In'dicis, E. proprius 
 primi dig"iti manus, E. In'dicis, Indica'tor seu 
 secun'di interno'dii in'dicis pro'prius. (F.) Cu- 
 hito-siis-phalangettien de VIndex, — (Ch.), Exten- 
 seur propre de I'Index. This muscle is long and 
 thin ; broader in the middle than at the extremi- 
 ties ; and is situate at the posterior part of the 
 forearm. It arises from the posterior surface of 
 the ulna, and is inserted at the posterior part of 
 the upper extremity of the second and third pha- 
 langes of the index-finger. It extends the three 
 phalanges of the index-finger: and has, besides, 
 the same uses as the other extremities of the 
 fingers. 
 
 Extensor Pro'prius Min'imi DiG"iTr, (F.) 
 Epicondi/lo-stis-phalangettien dti petit doigt, — 
 (Ch.), Extenseur propre du petit doigt. Situate 
 on the inside of the Extensor communis digito'rum. 
 It arises from the external condyle of the os 
 humeri and the aponeurotic septa seated between 
 it, the extensor communis digitorum, and the 
 extensor carpi ulnaris ; and is inserted into the 
 last two phalanges of the little finger. Its use is 
 to extend the little finger, and even the hand 
 upon the forearm. 
 
 Extensor Pro'prius Pol'licis Pedis, E. pro- 
 prius Hal'lucis seu Longus (DouGLAS,) seu pollicis 
 longus, Peroneo-sus-phalangien du ponce, Peroneo- 
 sus-phalangettien du pouce, — (Ch.) This muscle 
 is situate at the anterior part of the leg. It is 
 
EXTENUATIO 
 
 3 65 
 
 EXTRACTUM 
 
 fleshy, broad, flat above; small and tendinous 
 below. It arises from the anterior part of the 
 middle third of the fibula, and is inserted into the 
 posterior part of the superior extremity of the 
 last phalanx of the great toe. It extends the 
 last phalanx of the great toe upon the first, and 
 the first upon the first metacarpal bone. 
 
 Extensor Primi Internodii, E. pollicis brevis 
 — e. Secundi internodii, E. pollicis brevis, Ex- 
 tensor longus poUieis — 6. Secundi internodii in- 
 dicis proprius, E. proprius indicis — e. Tertii inter- 
 nodii, E. longus pollicis — e. Tertii internodii 
 indicis. Prior annularis — e. Tertii internodii mi- 
 nimi digiti. Abductor minimi digiti — e. Ossis 
 metacarpi pollicis maniis, Abductor longus pol- 
 licis — e. Pollicis longus, E. proprius pollicis pedis 
 — 8. Pollicis secundus, E. longus pollicis — e. Mi- 
 nor pollicis maniis, E. pollicis brevis — e. Primus 
 pollicis, Abductor longus pollicis. 
 
 Extensor Tarsi Magnus, E. Tarsi sura'lis. 
 A name given, by some anatomists, to the gas- 
 trocnemius and soleus combined. 
 
 Extensor Tarsi Minor, Plantar muscle. 
 
 EXTENUATIO, Emaciation. 
 
 EXTERGENTIA, Detergents. 
 
 EXTER'NAL DISEASES, Extrin'sic BU- 
 enses, Morhi extrin'seci, Surgical diseases, (F.) 
 Maladies externes. Those diseases which occupy 
 the surface of the body, and form the object of 
 surgical pothology, requiring, generally, external 
 means, or surgical operations. 
 
 EXTERN AT. The post or office of an exteme. 
 
 EXTERNE, see House-surgeon. 
 
 EXTERNTIS AURIS, Laxator tympani — e. 
 Mallei, Laxator tympani. 
 
 EXTESTICULATUS, Castratus, Eunuch. 
 
 EXTINCTIO, Death— e. Hydrargyri, Ex- 
 tinction of Mercury — e. Mercurii, Extinction of 
 Mercury, 
 
 ExTiNCTio Vocis, (E.) Extinction de voix. The 
 French use this term for cases in which the voice 
 is not wholly suppressed, but produces only fee- 
 ble sounds : — Incomplete aphonia. 
 
 Extinc'tion of Mer'cury, Extinc'tio Mercu'rii 
 seu Hydrar'gyri. Trituration of mercury with 
 lard or other substance, until the metallic globules 
 disappear. The mercury is then so divided, that 
 it forms a black powder, generally considered 
 to be a protoxide of mercury, but, perhaps, erro- 
 neously. 
 
 EXTIRPATIO, Extirpation— e. Lingua, Glos- 
 sosteresis— e. Testiculorum, Castratio. 
 
 BXTIRPA'TION, Extirpa'tio, Exstirpa'tio, 
 Ahla'tio, Aphm'resis, from extirpare, [ex, and 
 xtirps, 'a root,') 'to root out.' The complete re- 
 moval or destruction of any part, either by cut- 
 ting instruments or the action of caustics. Thus, 
 we speak of the extirpation of cancer, polypus, 
 encysted tumour, &c. 
 
 EXTOMIUS, Eunuch. 
 
 EXTOZOA, Ectozoa. 
 
 EXTOZOAIRES, Ectozoa. 
 
 EXTOZOARIA, Ectozoa. 
 
 EXTRA - PEL VIO-PUBI- TROCHANTE- 
 RIEN, Obturator externus. 
 
 EXTRACT, Extractum — e. of Aconite, Ex- 
 tractum aconiti— e. of Aconite, alcoholic, Extrac- 
 tum aconiti alcoholicum — e. Alcoholic, see Ex- 
 tractum — e. of Aloes, Extractum aloes — e. of 
 Bark, Extractum cinehonae — e. of Bark, resinous, 
 Extractum cinchona resinosum — e. of Belladonna, 
 Extractum belladonna — e. of Belladonna, alco- 
 holic, Extractum belladonnje alcoholicum — e. 
 of Bittersweet, Extractum dulcamara — e. of 
 Broom-tops, Extractum cacuminum genistse — e. 
 of Butternut, Extractum juglandis — e. of Casca- 
 rilla, resinous, Extractum eascarillee resinosum — 
 0. of Chamomile, B. anthemidis — e. of Cinchona, 
 Extractum cinehonae — e. of Colchieum, Extract 
 
 of Colchieum — e. of Colchieum, acetic, Extrac- 
 tum colchici aceticum — e. of Colocynth, Extrac- 
 tum colocynthidis — e. of Colocynth, compound, 
 Extractum colocynthidis compositum — e. of Cu- 
 bebs, fluid, Extractum cubebas fluidum — e. of 
 Dandelion, Extractum taraxaci — e. of Elaterium, 
 Extractum elaterii — e. of Ergot, Ergotin — e. 
 Ethereal, see Extractum — e. of Foxglove, Ex- 
 tractum digitalis — e. of Gentian, Extractum gen- 
 tian eb — e. of Hemlock, Extractum cicutse^ — e. of 
 Hellebore, black, Extractum hellebori — e. of 
 Hemlock, alcoholic, Extractum conii alcoholicum 
 
 — e. of Henbane, Extractum hyoscyarai — e. of 
 Henbane, alcoholic, Extractum hyoscyami alco- 
 holicum ^e. of Hops, Extractum humili, B. 
 lupuli — e. of Jalap, Extractum jalapte — e. of 
 Lettuce, Extractum lactucee — e. of Liquorice, 
 Extractum glycyrrhiza — e. of Logwood, Extrac- 
 tum hsematoxyli — e. of Mayapple, Extractum 
 podophylli — e. of Meat, saponaceous, Osmazome 
 — e. of Nux Vomica, Extractum nucis vomica — 
 e. of Oak-bark, Extractum corticis quercds — e. 
 of Pareira Brava, Extractum pareirae — e. of 
 White Poppy, Extractum papaveris — e. of Quas- 
 sia, Extractum quassia — e. of Quinia, Extractum 
 quinia — e. of Rhatany, Extractum krameria — e. 
 of Rhubarb, Extractum rhei — e. of Rhubarb, 
 fluid, Extractum rhei fluidum — e. of Rue, Ex- 
 tractum ruta — e. of Sarsaparilla, Extractum sar- 
 saparilla — e. of Sarsaparilla, fluid, Extractum 
 sarsaparilla fluidum — e. of Savine, Extractum 
 foliorum sabina — e. of Senna, fluid, Extractum 
 senna fluidum — e. of Spigelia and Senna, Ex- 
 tractum spigelia et senna — e. of Stramonium, 
 Extractum stramonii — e. of Uva Ursi, Extractum 
 uva ursi — e. of Valerian, Extractum Valeriana 
 
 — e. of Wormwood, Extractum cacuminum ab- 
 sinthii. 
 
 EXTRACTA, see Extractum — e. Fluida, see 
 Extractum. 
 
 EXTRA CTIF, Extractive. 
 
 EXTRACTION, E.i-trac'tio, E.x<B'resis, Ex- 
 ogo'cje, Exolce, Exelcys'mus, Enchylo'sis, from 
 extrahere, extractum, (ex, and frahere,) 'to draw 
 out.' The act of removing an extraneous sub- 
 stance from any part of the body. Thus, a 
 splinter is said to be extracted. It is also ap- 
 plied to the removal of certain parts. The cata- 
 ract is said to be extracted; a tooth is extracted, 
 when carious, &c. 
 
 EXTRACTIVE, (F.) Extractif. Same ety- 
 mon. A peculiar, immediate principle, which 
 has been admitted in extracts. Thus, hitter 
 extractive is the immediate principle of bitter 
 vegetables, &c. 
 
 EXTRACTS, see Extractum — e. Fluid, see 
 Extractum. 
 
 EXTRACTUM, Extract, Ecchylo'nia, (F.) 
 Extvait, Apostole. Same etymon. An extract 
 is prepared by evaporating vegetable solutions, 
 till a tenacious mass is obtained. When prepared 
 from an infusion or decoction, it is called a wateri/ ; 
 from ether, an ethereal; and from alcohol, an 
 alcohol'ic or a spirituous extract. Both kinds 
 contain all the principles of the vegetable that 
 are soluble in the menstrua with which they are 
 prepared; but the volatile parts are dissipated, 
 and some of the fixed parts are decomposed ; the 
 proper extractive is oxygenized, and the virtues 
 of the vegetable substance consequently altered 
 or destroyed. Extracts are hard, soft, or Jinid : 
 the consistenc-e of the soft being such as to retain 
 the pilular form without the addition of a powder. 
 A patent was taken out, many years ago, by a 
 Mr. Barry, of London, for preparing them in 
 vacuo; and, as the temperature is much lower 
 than in the ordinary method, the virtues of the 
 plant are less altered, and the extracts are gene- 
 rally gre«n. Extracts are also prepared by dis- 
 
EXTRACTUM 
 
 366 
 
 EXTRACTUM 
 
 placement or percolation. They have, likewise, 
 received different names, according to their pre- 
 dominant principle. The gummy or mucous, or 
 mucilaginous, are those which are mainly com- 
 posed of gnm or mucilage. Gum tragacanth 
 may be considered a pure gummy extract. Gela- 
 tinous extracts are those composed especially of 
 gelatin ; resinous extracts, those of a resinous 
 character ; extracto-resinous, those composed of 
 extracUve or colouring matter and resin; gum- 
 resinous, those containing gum and resin ; and 
 sapoua'ceous or sapona'ceous saline, those con- 
 taining a notable quantity of saline substances 
 and a resinous matter, so combined with mucus 
 and other soluble substances, that they cannot be 
 separated. Under the name Fluid Extracts — 
 Extracta Flu'ida — a class of preparations has 
 been introduced into the United States Pharma- 
 copoeia (1851), the distinctive character of which 
 is, the concentration of the active ingredients of 
 medicinal substances into a small bulk, in the 
 liquid form. Extractum sarsaparillae fluidum is 
 one of these. 
 
 Extractum Absin'thii Cacu'winum, Extract 
 of WormiDOod. (A decoction defecated and eva- 
 porated.) The flavour is dissipated along with 
 the essential oil. It is a bitter tonic. Dose, gr. 
 X to 9j, in pill. 
 
 Extractum Aconi'ti, Extract of Ac'onite, Suc- 
 cus spissa'tus aconiti nnpelli, (from the inspissated 
 juice without defecation.) It is esteemed to be 
 narcotic and diuretic; and has been given in the 
 cases referred to under Aconitum. Dose, gr. j, 
 gradually increasing it. 
 
 Extractum Aconi'ti Alcohol'ictjm, Alcoholic 
 Extract of Aconite. (Aconit. in pulv. crass, lb j ; 
 Alcohol, dilut. Oiv. Moisten the aconite with 
 half a pint of diluted alcohol : let it stand for 24 
 hours: transfer it to a displacement apparatus, 
 and gradually add the remainder of the diluted 
 alcohol. When the last portion of this has pene- 
 trated the aconite, pour in from time to time 
 water sufficient to keep the powder covered. 
 Stop the filtration when the liquid which passes 
 begins to produce a precipitate, as it falls, in 
 that which has already passed. Distil oif the 
 alcohol, and evaporate to a proper consistence. — 
 Ph. U. S.) Dose, half a grain or a grain. 
 
 Extractum Al'oiss, Extract of Aloes, E. aloes 
 aquo'sum seu purifica'tum, Pu'rified extract of 
 aloes. ( The gummy part extracted hy boiling 
 water, defecated and inspissated.) Dose, gr. v to 
 gr. XV. 
 
 Extractum Aloes Aquosum, E. aloes — e. 
 Aloes purificatum, E. aloes. 
 
 Extractum Antrem'idis, E. anthemidis iio'- 
 hilis seu ehammme'li seu florum chammme'U, Ex- 
 tract of Cham'omile. The volatile oil is dissipated 
 in this preparation. It is a pure, grateful bitter, 
 and is tonic and stomachic. Dose, gr. x to gr. 
 XX, in pills. 
 
 Extractum Asparagi, see Asparagus. 
 
 Extractum Belladon'n^, Succus spissa'tus 
 at'ropce belladon'ncB, Extract of Belladon'na [an 
 expressed juice inspissated). Properties same 
 as those of the plant. Dose, gr. i, gradually 
 increased. It dilates the pupil when applied to 
 the eye. 
 
 Extractum Belladonna Alcohol'icum, Al- 
 cohol' ic extract of Belladonna. (Prepared like 
 the extractum aconiti alcoholicum. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, half a grain or a grain. 
 
 Extractum Cannabis, see Bangue. 
 
 Extractum Carnis, Extract of Flesh. An 
 extract formed by evaporating beef tea in a 
 water-bath. It can be kept for sale. An ounce 
 of it may represent thirty-two ounces of meat. 
 
 Extractum Cascaril'lje Eesino'sum, Res'- 
 inous extract of cascaril'la. (Cort. cascarillcB, in 
 
 pulv. crass. Ibj ; Sp. vini reef. Wiv. Digest for 
 four days; then decant and strain; boil the resi- 
 duum in ten pints of water to two; filter and 
 evaporate the decoction, and distil the tincture 
 in a retort, till both are thickened; then mix and 
 evaporate to a pilular consistence.) Dose, gr. x 
 to gr. XX, in pills. 
 
 Extractum Catechu, Catechu — e. Catharti- 
 cum, E. ColocynthidiG compositum. 
 
 Extractum Cathol'icum, (F.) Extrait Oatho- 
 lique. This epithet is given to pills composed of 
 aloes, black hellebore, and colocynth, resin of 
 jalap, and scammony. See, also, Extractum co- 
 locynthidis compositum. 
 
 Extractum Cham^meli, E. Anthemidis — e. 
 Cicutas, E. Conii. 
 
 Extractum CiNCHo'NiE, E. Cor'ticis Peruvia'ni 
 seu Gincho'n-cB llolle. Extract of Cincho'na or of 
 Bark. [A decoction evaporated.) The active 
 principles are similar to those of the bark in 
 substance; but it is not so effectual, owing to 
 the chymical change induced in the drug during 
 the boiling. When reduced, by drying, to a state 
 fit for being powdered, it is called the Hard Ex- 
 tract of Bark, Extrae'tum Cor'ticis Peruvia'ni 
 durum, E. Cincho'na durum. Dose, gr. x to ^ss. 
 
 Extractum Cinchona FlaVjE, of the Pharma- 
 copoeia of the United States (1842), is directed to 
 be prepared as follows: Yellow Bark, m coarse 
 powder, fttj ; Alcohol, Oiv; Wetter, a sufiBcient 
 quantity. Macerate the Peruvian bark with the 
 alcohol for four daj's ; then filter by a displace- 
 ment apparatus, and when the liquid ceases to 
 pass, pour gradually on the bark water suflScient 
 to keep its surface covered. AVhen the filtered 
 tincture measures four pints, set it aside, and 
 proceed with the filtration until six pints of infu- 
 sion are obtained. Distil off the alcohol from the 
 tincture and evaporate the infusion till the liquids 
 are respectively brought to the consistence of thin 
 hone}'; then mix and evaporate to form an ex- 
 tract.— Ph. U. S. 
 
 Extractum Cincho'na Pal'lid^ (Ph. L &, E.) 
 May be prepared in the same manner. 
 
 Extractum Cinchonve Resino'sum, E. Cin- 
 chonce lancifo'licB seu Cinchonas RnbrcB resino'- 
 sum, Res'inous Extract of Bark, E. Cincho'ncB 
 Resi'na. The aqueo-spirituous extract contains 
 both the extractive and resin of the bark. Dose, 
 gr. X to xxx. 
 
 Extractum Cincho'na. Rubr^e (Ph. U. S.), 
 may be prepared in the same manner as Extrac- 
 tum cinchonas flavfe. 
 
 Extractum Col'chici, Extract of Colchicum, 
 (Ph. L.,) is prepared in the same manner as Ex- 
 tractum Aconiti. Dose, one or two grains. 
 
 Extrac'tum Col'chici Ace'ticum, Ace'toua or 
 Ace' tic Extract of Colchicum. [Colchic. rad. in 
 pulv. crass. Ibj, Acid. acet. f^iv, AqucB q. s. To 
 the acid add a pint of water, and inix this with 
 the root. Put the mixture in a percolator, and 
 pour on water until the liquid that passes has 
 little or no taste. Evaporate to a proper consist- 
 ence. Ph. U. S.) Dose, gr. j to gr. iij. 
 
 Extractum Colocyn'thidis, Extract of Ool'o- 
 cynth. (Ph. L. & E.) A cathartic, in the dose 
 of from gr. v to ^ss. 
 
 Extractum Colocyn'thidis Compos'itum, E. 
 Cathar'ticum seu Cathol'icum seu Querceta'ni, 
 Coinpound Extract of Colocynth. {Colocynth. 
 piulp. concis. ^vj. Aloes pulv. ^xij, Scammon. 
 pulv. ^iv, Cardamom, pulv. ^j, Saiionis ,^iij, 
 Alcohol, dilut. cong. Macerate the pulp in the 
 spirit at a gentle heat for four days; strain; add 
 tlie aloes and scammony; then distil off the spirit 
 and mix in the cardamom seeds. Ph. U. S.) It 
 is an active cathartic, and is used in obstinate 
 visceral obstructions, <fec. Dose, gr. vj to ^ss. 
 
 Extractum Coni'i, E. Cicu'tm, Succus ciciitm 
 
EXTRACTUM 
 
 367 
 
 EXTRACTUM 
 
 tpisaa'tits, S. spissatus conii macula'ti, Extract of 
 Hemlock. [Exjjressed juice inspissated without 
 defecation.) Employed in the same cases as the 
 conium. Dose, gr. iij to Qj. 
 
 ExTRACTUM Conii Alcohol'icum, Alcoholic 
 Extract of Hemlock. (Prepared like the Ex- 
 traetum aconiti alcoholicum. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, 
 two or three grains. 
 
 ExTRACTUM CoNVOLTULi Jalap^, E. jalapsB 
 — e. Cortieis Peruviani, E. Cinchona. 
 
 Extract'dm Cubeb'^ Elu'idum, Fluid Ex- 
 tract of Calebs. [Ciibebs exhausted by ether 
 through percolation, and the solution evaporated. 
 Ph. U. S.) Dose, from 5 to .30 minims. 
 
 Extractum Digita'lis, Extract of Foxglove. 
 Prepared like Extractum conil. Dose, from half 
 a grain to two grains. 
 
 Extractum Dulcama'r^, Extract of Bitter- 
 sweet. (Prepared by displacement from bitter- 
 sweet in coarse powder. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Extractum Elate'rxi, Elate'rium, Extract of 
 Elaterium. (The fecula of the ex])ressed juice.) 
 It is violently cathartic, hydragogue, and some- 
 times emetic. Dose, gr. ss every hour till it 
 operates. 
 
 Extractum ErgotjE, Ergotin. 
 Extractum Genis't^ Cacu'minum, Extract of 
 Broom Topis. Diuretic and stomachic. Dose, 
 ,^ss to 5J. 
 
 Extractum Gentia'nje, E. Gentia'nce lu'teas 
 seu liadi'cis Gentia'nm, Extract of Gen'tian. 
 [The evaporated decoction.) Prepared also by 
 displacement. — Ph. U. S.) Properties like those 
 of Gentian. Dose, gr. x to ^ss- 
 
 Extractum Glycyrrhi'z^, Succus Glycyrrhi'- 
 Z(B inspissa'tus seu Liquirit"icB, <?)jo?n's/i Juice, 
 Ital'ian Juice, Extract of Liquorice. {The eva- 
 pjorafed decoction.) It is demulcent, taken ad 
 libitum. 
 
 Refined Liquorice, 'which is sold in the form 
 of cylinders, is made by gently evaporating a 
 solution of the pure extract of liquorice with half 
 its weight of gum Arabic, rolling the mass and 
 cutting it into lengths, and then polishing, by 
 rolling them together in a box. 
 
 Extrac'tum Gram'inis, Extract of Grass. 
 An e.xtract prepared from Triticum repiens. It is 
 considered by the Germans to be a mild tonic; 
 and is greatly used, especially in convalescence 
 from fever. It is probably devoid of all injurious 
 properties, and as probably totally inefficacious. 
 
 Extractum H^matox'yli, E. Hcematox'yli 
 Campechia'ni seu Scobis Hcematox'yli, Extract 
 of Logwood. [The evaporated decoction.) It is 
 astringent. Dose, gr. x to ^j- 
 
 Extractum Helleb'oui, E. Hellebori nigri, 
 Extract of Black HeU'ebore. [The evaporated 
 decoction.) In large doses, this is cathartic; in 
 smaller, diuretic, resolvent, [?] and emmena- 
 gogue. [?] Dose, as a cathartic, gr. x to 9j ; as 
 an emmenagogue, gr. iij to gr. x. 
 
 Extractum Hellebori, of the Pharmacopoeia 
 of the United States (1842), is prepared from 
 Black Hellebore, in coarse powder, like the Ex- 
 tractum aconiti alcoholicum. 
 
 Extractum Hu'muli, E. Lu'puli, Extract of 
 hops. [The evaporated decoction.) It is tonic, 
 anodyne, [?] diuretic. [?] Dose, gr. v to ^j. 
 
 Extractum Hyoscy'ami, Succus spnssa'tus 
 Hyoscyami, Extract of Henbane. [The expressed 
 juice, inspissated loithout defecation.) Its virtues 
 are narcotic. Dose, gr. v to Qss. 
 
 Extractum Hyoscyami Alcohol'icum, Alco- 
 holic Extract of Henbane. (Prepared from leaves 
 of Hyoscyamus, in coarse powder, like the Ex- 
 tractum aconiti alcoholicum. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, 
 one or two grains. 
 
 Extractum Jala'p^, E. Convol'vuli JalapcB 
 seu Jala'pii seu Jala'pi, E.xtract of Jalaji. [A 
 
 spirituous tincture distilled ; and an aqueous de- 
 coction evaporated ; the residua being mixed toge- 
 ther : kept both soft and hard.) It is cathartio 
 and hydragogue. Dose, gr. x to Qj. 
 
 Extractum Jalaps of the Ph. U. S. is pre- 
 pared like Extractum cinchonse. Ph. U. S. 
 
 Extractum JalaPjE Resino'sum, Eesi'na 
 Jala'pm, Res'inous Extract of Jalap. This is 
 cathartic. 
 
 Extractum Juglan'dis, Extract of Butternut. 
 (Prepared by displacement from butternut, in 
 coarse powder. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Extractum Krame'ri^, Extract of Rhatany. 
 (Prepared by displacement from rhatany, in 
 coarse powder. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Extractum Lactu'c^, Succus spissa'tus Lac- 
 tuccB sati'vcB, Extract of Lettuce. [Leaves of 
 fresh lettuce Ibj ; beat them in a stone mortar, 
 sprinkling them with water; then express the 
 juice and evaporate,, without allowing it to sub- 
 side until it acquires a proper degree of consist- 
 ence.) It is said to be narcotic and diophoretic. 
 Dose, gr. iij to gr. x. 
 
 An extract is, sometimes, made from the juice 
 of the zvild lettuce, Lactuca viro'sa, which is re- 
 garded as diuretic. 
 
 Extractum Martis Aceticum, Ferri Acetas — 
 e. Nucis Vomica, see Strychnos nux vomica. 
 
 Extractum Nucis Vom'icjE, Extract of Nux 
 Vomica [Nucis Vomic. Ibj ; Alcohol, q. s. Ex- 
 pose the nux vomica to steam until it is softened, 
 slice, dry and grind to powder. Put it into a 
 percolator, and pour alcohol upon it gradually, 
 until the liquor passes without bitterness. Filter, 
 distil off the alcohol, and evaporate. Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, from half a grain to two grains. 
 
 Extractum O'pii, E. Opni aquo'sxim seu The- 
 ba'icum seu Opii gummo'snm, Extract of Opium, 
 Lau' danum opia' turn seu simplex. Opium cola'tum 
 seu depura' turn. [A watery solution defecated 
 and evaporated.) Dose, gr. ss to gr. v, — about 
 half that of opium. 
 
 Extractum Panchymago'gum. a drastic me- 
 dicine, composed of colocynth, bruised tcith its 
 seeds ; senna bruised ; black hellebore root. Aga- 
 ric, Scammony, in powder. Extract of Aloes, and 
 Powder of Diarrhodon. 
 
 Extractum Papav'eris, E. Papav'eris som^ 
 nif'eri seu Papaveris albi, Extract of v:hite pojjpy. 
 [The decoction evapiorated.) It possesses nearly 
 the same virtues as opium, but is much weaker. 
 Dose, gr. ij to ^j. 
 
 Extractum Parei'r^, Extract of Parei'ra 
 Brava. Prepared like Extractum H^matoxyli. 
 Dose, ten grains to half a drachm. 
 
 Extractum Pip'eris Elu'idum, Fluid Extract 
 of Black Pepper. [Black pepper exhausted by 
 ether through percolation, the solution evaporated, 
 and the piperin in crystals separated by expres- 
 sion. Ph. U. S.) Dose, one or two minims. 
 
 Extractum Podophyl'li, Extract of 3Iay- 
 apple. (Prepared from podophyllum, in coarse 
 powder, in the same manner as the Extract of 
 cinchona. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, gr. v to gr. xv, as 
 a cathartic. 
 
 Extractum Purgans, see Hede.a helix — e. 
 Quercetani, E. Colocynthidis compositum. 
 
 Extractum Quas'si^, Extract of Quassia. 
 (Prepared by displacement from Quassia rasped. 
 — Ph. U. S.) Dose, as a tonic, five grains. 
 
 Extractum Cor'ticis Quercus, Extract of 
 oak bark. [The decoction evaporated.) It is as- 
 tringent and tonic. 
 
 Extractum Qui'ni^, Qniniee sulphas imjyu'rus. 
 This is made by evaporating the liquor poured 
 off the crystals of sulphate of quinia to the con- 
 sistence of a pilular mass. Twenty-four grains 
 will generally arrest an intermittent. 
 
 Extractum Rhei, Extract of Rhubarb. (A 
 
EXTRACTUM 
 
 368 
 
 EXUVIATION 
 
 solution in diluted alcoTiol evaporated.) Uses 
 like those of the powdered root. Dose, gr. x. 
 to ^ss. 
 
 ExTRACTTJM Rhbi FLU'idum, Fluid Extract of 
 Rhubarb. (Rhej in pulv. crass. §viij, Sacchar. 
 ^y, Tinct. Zingib. f^ss, 01. foenicuL, 01. anis. 
 ka Tr\^iv; Alcohol. dUut. q. s. Digest the rhu- 
 barb, mixed with an equal bulk of coarse sand, 
 with ^xij of the diluted alcohol for 24 hours. 
 Put the mass into the percolator, and pour on 
 diluted alcohol until the liquid that passes has 
 little odour or taste of rhubarb ; evaporate to f ^ v ; 
 dissolve it in the sugar, and mix the tincture of 
 ginger and oils. Ph. U. S.) Dose, f^j. 
 
 ExTRACTUM Ru'dii, Extract of Rudius, (F.) 
 Extrait de Rudixis. Pills made of colocynth, 
 agaric, scam.mony, roots of black hellebore and 
 jalap, socotrine aloes, cinnamon, mace, cloves, and 
 alcohol. 
 
 ExTRACTUM RuTJi; Grateolen'tis, E. RutcB 
 senfolio'rum Rutm, Extract of Rue. (A decoc- 
 tion evaporated.) Tonic, stomachic. The vola- 
 tile oil being dissipated in the boiling, this is not 
 a good preparation. Dose, gr. x to Qj. 
 
 ExTRACTUM Folio'rdm Sabi'n.13, Extract of 
 Savine. (A decoction evaporated.) Tonic. The 
 same remarks may be made on this preparation 
 as. on the last. Dose, gr. x to ^ss. 
 
 ExTRACTUM SANGniNis BoviNi, SCO Blood. 
 ExTRACTUM Sarsaparil'l^e, Extract of Sar- 
 saparil'la. [A strained decoction, evaporated.) 
 Virtues the same as those of the powdered root. 
 Dose, gr. x to ^J- Extractum Sarsnparillm of 
 the United States Pharmacopoeia is prepared 
 from Sarsaparilla, in coarse powder, like the Ex- 
 tractum aconiti alcoholicum. 
 
 Extractum Sarsaparilla flu'idum. E. Sarsas 
 Liq'uidum, E. Sarzm Fluidnm, Fluid Extract of 
 Sarsaparilla. {Sarsaparill. coneis. ct contus. 
 ^xv.i, Gh/cyrrhiz. contus., Sassafr. rad. contus., 
 aa §ij, Mezerei coneis. J^^'j? Sacchar. §xij, Alco- 
 hol, dibit. Oviij. Macerate, with the exception 
 of the sugar, for 14 days ; express and filter ; eva- 
 porate to f.^xij ; and add the sugar. Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, a fluidrachm. 
 
 Extractum Saturisti, Goulard's, Liquor 
 plumbi subacetatis — e. Scobis htematoxyli, E. 
 hseraatoxyli. 
 
 Extractum Senna flu'idum, Fluid Extract 
 of Senna. (SenncB in pulv. crass. Ibijss ; Sac- 
 char. .^xx; 01. Foenicul. f ^j ; Sp. uEther. com- 
 j)os. f^)y, Alcohol, dilut. Oiv. Mix the senna 
 and diluted alcohol; let the mixture stand for 24 
 hours ; put it into a percolator, and gradually 
 pour on water mixed with one-third its bulk of 
 alcohol, until a gallon and a half of liquid shall 
 have passed; evaporate to f5xx; add the sugar, 
 and, when it is dissolved, the compound spirit of 
 ether holding the oil in solution. Dose, f.^ss. 
 
 Extractum Spige'lia et Senna flu'idum, 
 Fluid Extract of Spigelia and Senna. Spigel. 
 in pulv. crass. Ibj ; Sennm in pulv. crass. §vj ; 
 Sacchar. Hiiss ; Potass, carbon, ^vj ; 01. Carui, 
 01. Anisi, aa f ^ss : Alcohol, dilut. q. s. Pour 
 on the spigelia and senna Oij of diluted alcohol; 
 let it stand for 48 hours ; place it in a percolator, 
 and pour on gradually diluted alcohol until half 
 a gallon has passed: evaporate to a pint; add 
 the carbonate of potassa ; and afterwards the 
 sugar, previously triturated with the oils, and 
 dissolve. Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Extractum Stramo'nii, E. Stramo'nii fnlio'- 
 rum, (Ph. U. S.), Extract of Stramo'nimn or of 
 Stramoni am leaves. (The expressed juice inspis- 
 sated.) The Extractum Stramonii Sem'inis, Ex- 
 tract of Stramonium Seed, is made from the pow- 
 dered seed by means of diluted alcohol, and with 
 the aid of the percolator: — the solution being 
 evaporated. Ph. U. S.} Used as a narcotic in 
 
 asthma and other spasmodic affections. Dose, 
 gr. ij to gr. X. 
 
 Extractum Styracis, see Styrax. 
 Extractum Tarax'aci, E. Ilerbce et Radi'cis 
 Tarax'aci, Extract of Dandeli'on. ( The strained 
 juice evaporated.) It has been considered deob- 
 struent, laxative, and diuretic. Dose, gr. x to ^j- 
 Extractum Thebaicum, E. Opii. 
 Extractum Utm Ursi, Extract of Uva TJrsi. 
 {The Decoction evaporated.) Dose, gr. v to gr. 
 xsx. 
 
 Extractum Valeria'na, Extract of Yale'rian. 
 {An expressed decoction evaporated.) The virtues 
 of the valerian being dependent upon its essential 
 oil, this is an objectionable preparation. Dose, 
 gr. X to 3J. 
 
 A fluid extract of Valerian, Extractum Vale- 
 ria' ncB fin' idum,\ifis been introduced into the last 
 edition of the Pharmacopceia U. S. (1861). It is 
 prepared by exhausting the valerian by ether and 
 alcohol, through the percolator, and evaporating. 
 Dose, f,^j or f .^ij. 
 
 EXTRAIT, Extract — e. Alcoholique de noix 
 vomique, see Strychnos nux vomica — -e. de Kino, 
 Kino — e. des Fruits, Rob — e. Hemostatiqne de 
 Boujean, Ergotin — e. de Viande, Osmazome. 
 
 EXTRA'NEOUS BODY, Foreign body, from 
 extra, ' without.' Corpus extra'neum, C. exter'- 
 num, C. alie'num, (F.) Corps Stranger. Any solid, 
 liquid, or gaseous substance, inanimate or ani- 
 mate, proceeding from without, or formed in the 
 body ; and which constitutes no part of the body, 
 but occupies, in the substance of the textures, or 
 some of the cavities, a place foreign to it. 
 
 EXTR AVAS A'TION, Extravasa'tio, Extrava'- 
 sion, from extra, ' out of,' and vasa, ' vessels.' 
 Escape of a fluid — extravasa'tum — from the ves- 
 sel containing it, and infiltration or effusion of the 
 fluid into the surrounding textures. 
 EXTRA VASATUM, see Extravasatio. 
 EXTRAVASION, Extravasation. 
 EXTREM'ITY, Extrem'itas, (F.) ExtrSmite ; 
 from extremus, 'the outermost;' the end or termi- 
 nation of a thing. The limbs, aerote'ria, have 
 been so called, — as the upper and lower extremi- 
 ties. See Membrum. It has been, also, used to 
 express the last moments of life ; as when we 
 say, a patient is in 'extremity,' (F.) le malade est 
 d I'extremite, d touie extremite. 
 
 EXTRIN'SIC, Extrin'seeus. ' From without.' 
 That which comes from without. This term has 
 been used for muscles, which surround certain 
 organs and attach them to the neighbouring 
 parts ; in order to distinguish them from other 
 muscles, which enter into the intimate composi- 
 tion of those organs, and which have been named 
 intrinsic. Thus, there are extrinsic and intrinsic 
 muscles of the tongue, ear, <fec. 
 EXTROVERSib, Exstrophia. 
 EXTUBERANTIA, Protuberance. 
 EXTUBERATIO, Protuberance. 
 EXTUMEFACTIO, Swelling. 
 EXTUS'SIO, from ex, and tussis, 'a cough.' 
 'I cough with expectoration.' 
 
 EXU'BER, from ex, 'out of,' 'devoid of,' and 
 ubera, 'breasts;' Apogalac'tos. 'A child which 
 has been weaned.' 
 
 EXUDATION CORPUSCLES, see Corpus- 
 cles, exudation. 
 
 EXULCERATIO, Ecthlimma, Ulceration — e. 
 Uteri, Hvstereleosis — e. Ventriculi, Gastrelcosis. 
 EXUMBILICATIO, Exomphalos. 
 EXUSTIO, Cauterization. 
 EXUTORIUM, Fonticulus. 
 EXUTORY, Fonticulus. 
 EXUVIAE, see Exuviation. 
 EXUVIA'TION, Exuvia'tio, from exxtere, 'to 
 put off.' The shedding or casting off of parts, aa 
 
EYE 
 
 369 
 
 FACE 
 
 the deciduous teeth, the skins of serpents, &e., 
 which are hence called Exu'vicB. 
 
 EYE, Sax. ea^, Teuton. Auge, Oc'ulus, Ops, 
 Omma, Ophthal' mos, Illos, Op'ttlos (Doric,) Vi- 
 so'rium Org'anum, (Sc.) Ee, plural Een, (F.) (Eil. 
 The eye is the immediate organ of vision. It is 
 seated in the orbit, while its dependencies, called 
 by Haller Tutam'rna Oc'uli, occupy the circum- 
 ference of the cavity, and are composed of the 
 eyebrows, the eyelids, cilia, glands of Meibomius, 
 Ac. The Ball, Globe, or Bulb of the Eye, Bulbus 
 Oc'uli, is covered anteriorly by the tunica con- 
 junctiva ; is moved by six muscles, four straight, 
 two oblique, and is constituted of membranes, as 
 the sclerotic, cornea, choroid, tunica Jacobi, re- 
 tina, iris, hyaloid, and, in the foetus, the mem- 
 brana pupillaris ; and of fluids, called Humours, 
 or Media, — the aqueous, crystalline, and vitreous. 
 The eyeball is invested with a membranous tunic, 
 which separates it from the other structures of 
 the orbit, and forms a smooth, hollow surface, by 
 which its motions are facilitated. This invest- 
 ment has been called cell'ular capside of the eye, 
 oc'ular capsule, tu'nica vagina'lis oc'idi, vag"inal 
 coat, and submua'cular fascia of the eye. The 
 vessels of the eye proceed from the ophthalmic 
 artery. The nerves, except the optic, are chiefly 
 furnished from the ophthalmic ganglion. The 
 following are the dimensions, &o., of the organ, 
 on the authority of Petit, Young, Gordon, and 
 Brewster : 
 
 Length of the antero-posterior diameter of 
 
 the eye 0.91 
 
 Vertical chord of the cornea 0.45 
 
 Versed sine of the cornea 0.11 
 
 Horizontal chord of the cornea 0.47 
 
 Size of pupil seen through the cornea, 0.27 to 0.13 
 Size of pupil diminished by magnifying 
 
 power of cornea to, from 0.25 to 0.12 
 
 Radius of the anterior surface of the crystal- 
 line 0..30 
 
 Radius of posterior surface 0.22 
 
 Principal focal distance of lens 1.73 
 
 Distance of the centre of the optic nerve 
 
 from the foramen centrale of Sommering... 0.11 
 
 Distance of the iris from the cornea 0.10 
 
 Distance of the iris from the anterior surface 
 
 of the crystalline 0.02 
 
 Field of vision above a horizontal line, 50° | , gno 
 Field of vision below a horizontal line, 70° J 
 
 Field of vision in a horizontal plane 150° 
 
 Diameter of the crystalline in a woman above 
 
 fifty years of age 0.37S 
 
 Diameter of the cornea 0.400 
 
 Thickness of the crystalline 0.172 
 
 Thickness of the cornea 0.042 
 
 Eye, Apple, see Melum — e. Apple of the. Pupil. 
 
 Eye Balm, Hydrastis Canadensis. 
 
 Eye-breek, Palpebra. 
 
 Eye-breen, see Supercilium. 
 
 Eye Bright, Euphrasia ofiicinalis, Lobelia 
 Veronica — e. Brow, Supercilium. 
 
 Eye, Cat's, Amaurotic, see Amaurotic — e. Cel- 
 lular capsule of the, see Eye. 
 
 Eye, Cylind'rtcal. An eye is so called in 
 which the rays of light, on entering the organ, are 
 refracted to a nearer focus in a vertical than in 
 a horizontal plane. 
 
 Eye Drop, Tear. 
 
 Eye Glass, Scaphium oculare, see Spectacles. 
 Also, a glass adapted for the application of colly- 
 ria to the eye. 
 
 Eye, Gum of the, Chassie. 
 
 Eye Lashes, Cilia — e. Lid, Palpebra — e. Lid, 
 granular. Trachoma — e. Melon, see Melum — e. 
 Purulent, Ophthalmia, purulent, of infants. 
 
 Eye Salve, Singleton's, Unguentum Hydrar- 
 gyri nitrico-oxydi; Eye-salve, Smellome's, see 
 Cupri subacetas. 
 
 Eye, Sight of the. Pupil. 
 
 Eye Stone. The shelly operculum of small 
 turbinidcEe. Used at Guernsey to get things out 
 of the eyes. Being put into the inner corner of 
 the eye, under the eyelid, it works its way out 
 at the outer corner, and brings out any foreign 
 substance with it. — Gray. 
 
 Eye Teeth, Canine teeth — e. of Typhon, Seil- 
 la — e. Water, Collyrium — e. Water, common. Li- 
 quor zinci sulphatis cum camphora — e. Water, 
 blue. Liquor cupri ammoniati — e. Watery, Epi- 
 phora. 
 
 Eye, White of the, see Sclerotic. 
 
 F. 
 
 PABA, Phaseolus, Vicia faba — f. .^gyptiaca, 
 Nymphsea nelumbo — f. Cathartica, Jatropha 
 curcas — f. Crassa, Sedum telephium — f. Febri- 
 fuga, Ignatia amara — f. Grseca, Diospyros lotus 
 — f. Indica, Ignatia amara — f. Major, Vicia 
 faba — f. Pechurei, Pichurim Beans — f. Pichu- 
 rim, Pichurim Beans — f. Purgatrix, Ricinus 
 communis — f. Sancti Ignatii, Ignatia amara — f. 
 Suilla, Hyoscyamus — f. Vulgaris, Vicia faba. 
 
 FAB^, Onisci aselli. 
 
 FABAGELLE, Zygophyllum fagabo. 
 
 FABARIA CRASSULA, Sedum telephium. 
 
 FABRICA ANDROGYNA, Hermaphrodeity. 
 
 FACE, Fades, Vultus, Voltus, Proso'pon, (F.) 
 Face. The face is the anterior part of the head. 
 It is formed of 13 bones, viz., the two superior 
 maxillary, the two malar, the tioo ossa nasi, the 
 two ossa unguis, the vomer, the two ossa. spongiosa 
 inferiora, the two palate bones, and the inferior 
 maxillary, without including the frontal portion 
 of the OS frontis, and the 32 teeth, which may be 
 considered to form part of it. Its numerous 
 24 
 
 muscles are chiefly destined for the organs of 
 sight, hearing, taste, and smell. Its arteries 
 proceed from the external carotid : its veins end 
 in the jugular, and its nerves draw their origin 
 immediately from the brain. 
 
 The face experiences alterations in disease, 
 which it is important to attend to. It is yellow 
 in jaundice, pale and puffy in dropsy; and its 
 expression is very different, according to the seat 
 of irritation, so that, in infants, by an attention 
 to medical physiognomy, we can often detect the 
 seat of disease. 
 
 Hippocrates has well depicted the change 
 which it experiences in one exhausted by long 
 sickness, by great evacuations, excessive hunger, 
 watchfulness, &c., threatening dissolution. Hence 
 this state has been called Fades Hippocrat'ica, 
 Fades Cadaver'ica, F. Tortua'lis. In this, the 
 nose is pinched ; the eyes are sunk ; the temples 
 hollow; the ears cold, and retracted; the skin 
 of the forehead tense, and dry ; the complexion 
 livid ; the lips pendent, relaxed, and cold, &c. 
 
FACE AGUE 
 
 370 
 
 FAGUS 
 
 The term Face (F.) is likewise given to one of 
 the aspects of an organ ; thus, we say, the supe- 
 rior face of the stomach. 
 
 FACE AGUE, Neuralgia, facial. 
 
 FACE INJECT EE, see VuXtueux—f. Vul- 
 tueuse, see Vultueux. 
 
 Y\C^T,(F.) Faeette. Diminutive of ^ace. A 
 small face. A small, circumscribed, portion of 
 the surface of a bone, as the articular facette of 
 a bnue. 
 
 FACHINGEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These springs are at no great distance from those 
 of Geilenau, and two miles north of Wisbaden. 
 They contain free carbonic acid : carbonate, sul- 
 phate, and phosphate of soda ; chloride of sodium, 
 carbonate of lime, magnesia, and iron. 
 
 FA'CIAL, Facia'lis, from fades, 'the face.' 
 Belonging to, or connected with, the face. 
 
 Facial Angle, see Angle, facial. 
 
 Facial Artery, La'hial artery, An'gvlar or 
 exter)ial max'iUary artery, A. palato-labial — 
 (Ch.), is a branch of the external carotid, which 
 rises beneath the digastricus, and is distributed 
 to almost every part of the face. It furnishes 
 the inferior palatal, submental, supierior labial, 
 inferior labial, and dorsalis nasi. 
 
 Facial Line, see Angle, facial. 
 
 Facial Nerve, Ramus du'rior sep'timm conju- 
 gatio'nis, Sympathet'icus minor, Par sep'timum 
 seu facia'le, Oommu'nicans fa'ciei nervus, Portia 
 dura of the 7th pair. Res' piratory nerve of the 
 face. This nerve arises from the inferior and 
 lateral part of the tuber annulare, in the groove 
 which separates it from the medulla oblongata, 
 external to the corpora olivaria, and by the side 
 of the auditory nerve. It issues from the cranium 
 by the meatus auditorius internus ; enters the 
 aqueduct of Fallopius ; receives a branch of the 
 Vidian nerve; forms a gangliform swelling — Intu- 
 mescen'tia gangliform' is ; — sends off filaments to 
 the internal muscles of the malleus and stapes ; 
 furnishes, according to many anatomists, that 
 called Chorda Tympani ; makes its exit at the 
 foramen stylo-mastoideum, and divides into two 
 branches — the temporo-facial, and cervi co-facial. 
 On the face it is termed Pes anseri'nus, Plexus 
 nervo'rum anseri'nus. See Portio Wrisbergii. 
 
 Facial Vein, Pal' ato -labial — (Ch.), arises be- 
 tween the skin and frontalis muscle, and bears 
 the name Vena Fronta'lis, (F.) Veine frontale ou 
 V. Preparate. It then descends, vertically, to- 
 wards the greater angle of the eye, where it is 
 called Angula'ris; and afterwards descends, 
 obliquely, on the face, to open into the internal 
 jugular, after having received branches, which 
 correspond with those of the facial artery. It is 
 only in the latter part of its course that it is 
 called Facial Vein. Chaussier calls the external 
 carotid artery, Facial Artery. 
 
 FA'CIENT, faciens, 'making,' from facio, *I 
 make.' A suiEs, as in Calefacient, Rubefacient, 
 &c., 'warm making,' 'red making.' 
 
 FACIES, Face — f. Cadaverica, see Face — f. 
 Concava pedis, Sole — f. Hippocratica, see Face — 
 f. Inferior pedis. Sole — f. Tortualis, see Face. 
 
 FACTICE, Factitious. 
 
 FACTIT"IOUS, Factif'ius, (F.) Factice, from 
 /acere,/ac«um, 'to make.' Artificial. That which 
 is made by art, in opposition to what is natural, 
 or found already existing in nature. Thus, we 
 say, factitious mineral waters, for artificial mine- 
 ral waters. 
 
 FACULTAS, Faculty— f. Auctrix, Plastic force 
 — f. Formatrix, Plastic force — f. Nutrix, Plastic 
 force — f. Vegetativa, Plastic force — f. Zotica, Vis 
 vitalis. 
 
 FACULTATES NATURALES, see Function. 
 
 FACULTY, Facultas, Dy'namis, Poioer, Vir- 
 tue, (F.) Faculte, tiom facilis, (itself from /acere, 
 'to make,') 'what can be made or done.' The 
 power of executing any function or act. The col- 
 lection of the intellectual faeidties constitutes the 
 understanding. We say, also, vital facxdties for 
 vital properties, &c. Faculty likewise means the 
 whole body of the medical profession, and, also, 
 a body of medical or other professors. 
 
 YMCAh, Stercoraceous — f. Retention, Consti- 
 pation. 
 
 F^CES, Plural of Fcbx ; Feces, Chersee, 'the 
 dregs of any thing.' Fec'idence, (F.) Feces. The 
 alvine evacuations are so called ; (F.) Garderobes ; 
 the excrements, Impurita'tes alvincB, Facal mat- 
 ter. See Excrement. 
 
 F^CES Indurate, Scybala. 
 
 F^iECOSITAS, Feculence. 
 
 F^CULA, Fecula. 
 
 F^CULENTIA, Feculence. 
 
 F^CUNDATIO, Fecundatio, 
 
 F^CUNDITAS, Fecundity. 
 
 FiEX, Feculence. 
 
 FAGA'RA OCTAN'DRA, Xanthox'ylum oc- 
 fan'dra, Elaph'rium tomento' sum, Am'yris tomen- 
 to'sum, from fagus, 'the beech,' which it resem- 
 bles. Ord. Rutacese. The systematic name of 
 the plant, which afi"ords Tacamaha'ca, a resinous 
 substance, that exudes from' the tree Tacamahaca, 
 which has a fragrant, delightful smell, was for- 
 merly in high estimation, as an ingredient in 
 warm, stimulating plasters, and was given inter- 
 nally, like the balsams generally. The East India 
 Tacamahac, Bal'samum Vir'ide seu Cal'aba seu 
 MaricB, O'leum Mar'icB, (F.) Baume de Calaba, 
 Baume vert, B. Blarie, is yielded by Calophyl'lum 
 inophyl'lum seu Balsama'ria Inophyl'lum. 
 
 The name Tacamahac is also given to a resin 
 furnished by Pop'ulus balsamif'era seu tacama- 
 ha'ca, (F.) Peuplier baumier ou de la Caroline, 
 which grows in the northern parts of America 
 and Siberia. 
 
 Fagara Piperi'ta, (F.) Fagarier poivri ; a 
 native of Japan, possesses the qualities of pepper, 
 and is used as such by the Japanese. It is, also, 
 employed as a rubefacient cataplasm. 
 
 FAGARAS'TRUM CAPEN'SE. Nat. Ord. 
 Xanthoxylese. A South African plant, the fruit 
 of which is known to the Colonists as wild Car- 
 damom ; and, on account of its aromatic qualities, 
 is prescribed in flatulency and paralysis. 
 
 FAGARIER POIVRE, Fagara octandra. 
 
 FAGOPYRUM, Polygonum fagopyrum. 
 
 FAGUS, F. sylvatica. 
 
 Fagus Casta'nea. The systematic name of 
 the Chestnut Tree ; Casta'nea, C. vulga'ris seu 
 vesca, Lo'pima, Mota, Glans Jovis Theophrast'i, 
 Ju'piter's or Sardin'ian Acorn/ the Common 
 Chestnut, (F.) Chdtagnier eommun, of the Oak 
 Family. Ord. Cupuliferffi. Sex. Syst. Monoecia 
 Polyandria. The Chestnut, Casta'nea nux, (F.) 
 Chdtaigne, is farinaceous and nutritious, but not 
 easy of digestion. 
 
 Fagus Castanea Pu'mila. The Chin'capin 
 or Chinquapin, Castanea Pumila, (F.) Chdtaignier 
 nain. The nut of this American tree is eaten 
 like the chestnut. The bark, Castanea {Ph. U. 
 S.), has been used in intermittents. 
 
 Fagus PaRPUREA, F. sylvatica. 
 
 Fagus Sylvat'ica. The systematic name of 
 the Beech, Fagus, F. sylves'tris seu purpu'rea, 
 Oxya, Balan'da, Valan'ida ; the Beech Tree, 
 (F.) Hetre. The Beech-nut or Beech-mast, (F.) 
 Faine, affords an oil, by expression, which is of 
 a palatable character, and is eaten in some places 
 
FAIBLESSE 
 
 71 
 
 FALSIFICATION 
 
 instead of butter. It has been supposed to be a 
 good vermifuge, but it is no better than any mild 
 oil. 
 
 Fagus Sylvestris, F. sylvatica. 
 
 FAIBLESSE, Debility. 
 
 FAIif, Hunger — /. Canine, Boulimia — /. de 
 Loup, Fames lupina. 
 
 FAINE, see Fagus sylvatica. 
 
 FAINT, see Syncope. 
 
 FAINTING, Syncope. 
 
 FAINTING-FIT, Syncope. 
 
 FAINTISHNESS, see Syncope. 
 
 FAINTNESS, Languor, Syncope. 
 
 FAIRBURN, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 mineral waters at this place, which is in the 
 county of Ross, in Scotland, are sulphureous, 
 and frequented. 
 
 FAIRNTICKLED, see Ephelides. 
 
 FAISANDEES {VI ANDES), see Hypo- 
 saprus. 
 
 FAISOEAU, Fasciculus — /. Infcrmediaire de 
 Wrisberg, Portio Wrisbergii — /. Petit, Fasci- 
 culus. 
 
 FAfX, FcxJtus. 
 
 FALCADINA, see Scherlievo. 
 
 FALCES, see Falx. 
 
 FAL'CIFORM, Falcifor'mis, DrepanoVdes, 
 from falx, falcis, 'a scythe,' and forma, 'shape.' 
 Having the shape of a scythe. This term has 
 been applied to diflferent parts. See Falx, and 
 Sinus. 
 
 Falciform Expansion of the Fascia Lata, 
 is the scythe-shaped reflection of the fascia lata, 
 ■which forms, outwards and upwards, the opening 
 for the vena saphsena, and is attached to tlie cru- 
 ral arch by its superior extremity, forming the 
 anterior paries of the canal of the same name. 
 
 FALLACIA, Hallucination. 
 
 Fallacia Optica. An optic illusion. 
 
 FALLAND-E^TL, Epilepsy. 
 
 FALLING-DOWN, Epilepsy. 
 
 FALLING SICKNESS, Epilepsy. 
 
 FALLOPIAN TUBE, see Tube, Fallopian. 
 
 FALLPOISON, Amianthum muse^toxicum. 
 
 FALLTRANCK, Faltranek (G.), literally, 
 a drink against falls. A vulnerary. It is a 
 mixture of several aromatic and slightly astrin- 
 gent plants, which grow chiefly in the Swiss 
 Alps, and hence the name — Vulneraire Suisse — 
 given to such dried plants cut into fragments. 
 They are called, also, Especea Vulneraires, and 
 The Suisse. Within the present century, in Eng- 
 land, a kind of vulnerary beer was often pre- 
 scribed, in country practice, in all cases of in- 
 ward bruises. It bore the name Cerevis'ia nigra, 
 or hlacJt beer, and was formed by infusing certain 
 reputed vulnerary herbs in beer or ale. 
 
 The infusion of the Falltranck is aromatic, and 
 slightly agreeable, but of no use in the cases for 
 which it has been particularly recommended. 
 
 FALMOUTH, CLIMATE OF. The climate 
 of Falmouth, in Cornwall, England, resembles 
 that of Penzance : and, like it, is in many re- 
 spects, a favourable retreat for the phthisical 
 during the winter months. 
 
 FALSA VIA, False passage. 
 
 FALSE, Falsus, Nothus,Pseudo, Spu'rious, Bas- 
 tard, (F.) Faux, Fausse. This epithet has been 
 frequently added to peripneumony, pleurisy, &q., 
 to designate a disease similar to these, but less 
 severe. Most commonly, a severe catarrh or 
 pleurodynia has received the name. See Peri- 
 pneumonia notha. 
 
 False Passage, Falsa Via, (F.) Fausse Route. 
 An accidental passage, made in surgical opera- 
 tions, and particularly in introducing the cathe- 
 ter. The catheter is sometimes passed through 
 into the rectum. 
 
 False Waters, Hydrallan'te, False Beliv'ery. 
 Water, which sometimes collects between the 
 amnion and chorion, and is commonly discharged 
 before the birth of the child. 
 
 We say, also. False Ribs, False Rhubarb, &c. 
 
 FALSETTO VOICE, see Voice. 
 
 FALSIFICA'TION, Adultera'tio, from falsiie, 
 'false,' and/acere, 'to make.' A fraudulent imi- 
 tation or alteration of an aliment or medicine by 
 diff'erent admixtures. 3Ianga'nium, Manganisa' - 
 tio. It is synonymous with adulteration and 
 sopMatication, 
 
 TABLE OF COMMON FALSIFICATIONS OF SOME OF THE MOST USEFUL 
 
 DRUGS, &c. 
 
 Medicines. 
 
 Adulterations. 
 
 Mode op Detection. 
 
 ACACLE GuMin. 
 
 ACKTUlt 
 TUM. 
 
 ACIDUM 
 CUM. 
 
 Destilla- 
 
 Mttriati- 
 
 NlTRICUM. 
 
 ( G. S. is clammy and tenacious. The A. G. is 
 Gum Senegal. \ perfectly soluble in water, and its solution 
 
 (_ limpid. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid Acetate of barytes causes a white precipitate. 
 
 T,r- ■ 1 • 1 f By evaporating it, the residuum deflagrates, when 
 
 ^'*'''« ■^''''^ I thrown on burning charcoal. 
 
 „ f Supersaturate with ammonia — a blue colour is 
 
 ^^PP''- { produced. 
 
 Lead Sulphuretted hydrogen causes a dark precipitate. 
 
 C Deposites by evaporation the salts it may con- 
 Sulphuric Acid < tain ; precipitates with solution of hydrochlo. 
 
 ( rate of baryta if it contains sulphuric acid. 
 
 f The presence of chlorine is indicated by a preci- 
 Muriatic and Sulphuric J pitate with nitrate of silver : that of sulphuric 
 Acids, j 
 
 I 
 SuLPHURI- I Muriatic and 
 
 Acids. 
 
 ■ CmticirM. 
 
 i 
 
 J Tartaric 
 j Acids. 
 
 acid by the same result with hydrochlorate of 
 
 l^ baryta. 
 
 j^.. . ( The presence of muriatic and nitric acid is indi- 
 
 JSitrxc \ gj^(.g(j Y,j ^]jQ smell, when the acid tested is 
 
 y strongly heated. 
 
 rJ n J' r Their presence is indicated by forming a granu- 
 
 ana Vxanc } ^^^ sediment in a concentrated solution of a 
 
 ( neutral salt of potassa. 
 
FALSIFICATION 
 
 372 
 
 FALSIFICATION 
 
 Medicines. 
 
 Adulterations. 
 
 Mode of Detection. 
 
 iETHER ReCTIFICA- 
 TUS. 
 
 Aqita Ammonia. 
 Ammonite Caero- 
 
 NAS. 
 
 Carbonic Acid . 
 
 Ammoniacum. 
 
 AlIMONn SULPHURE- 
 TUM. 
 
 Aegenti Nitras. 
 
 Coccus. 
 Cochineal. 
 
 COLOMBA. 
 
 Lead. 
 
 Arsenic 
 
 Manganese and Iron 
 
 Copper 
 
 Absenicum Album. 
 Balsamum Peruvi- 
 
 ANUM. 
 
 Capsicum. 
 Cayenne Pepper. 
 
 Oastoreum. 
 Castor. 
 
 Cera Flava. 
 Yellow Wax. 
 
 Cera Alba. 
 White Wax. 
 
 Cinchona. 
 Bark. 
 
 Too dilute. The S. G. detects this. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid By acetate of baryta. Precipitate white. 
 
 . , , , f With phosphorus a milky instead of limpid solu- 
 
 ^^'°^'''^ I tion is formed. 
 
 C A precipitation occurs on adding a solution of 
 muriate of lime. 
 
 It should be capable of complete volatilization 
 by heat. 
 
 The Gutta Ammoniaci are white, clear, and dry, 
 
 The lump Ammoniacum, lapis Ammoniaci, is often 
 adulterated with common resin. 
 
 It ought to be entirely volatilized by a red heat, 
 
 Imparts a foliated texture, and is not vaporizable. 
 
 A smell of garlic is emitted when thrown on live 
 coals, <fec. 
 
 Are not vaporizable. 
 
 The solution assumes a blue colour, when super- 
 saturated with ammonia. It may be suspected 
 when the salt deliquesces. 
 
 The adulteration with nitrate of potassa is easily 
 recognized by the fracture of a stick of it, which 
 is radiated when pure, and granular if adulte 
 rated; or by precipitating a solution of the 
 salts with a sufi5cient quantity of muriatic acid, 
 and evaporating the clear liquor : the nitrate 
 of potassa or other salts will remain. 
 
 Not volatizable by heat. 
 
 Nitrate of Potassa. 
 
 Copaiba. 
 
 Balsam of Copaiva. 
 
 Crocus, 
 Saffron. 
 
 Chalk, Sulphate of Lime, f 
 
 Sul2}hate of Baryta. \ 
 
 ' A mixture of liesin and C 
 
 some Volatile Oil, with \ Not easily detected. 
 
 Benzoin. (_ 
 
 ' Chloride of Sodium. . . .* This disposes it to deliquesce. 
 
 C Digest in acetic acid, and add a solution of sul- 
 
 Bed Lead < phuret of ammonia — a dark-coloured precipi- 
 
 ( tate will be produced. 
 
 A mixture of dried blood, f 
 
 gum ammoniac, and a | 
 
 little real castor, stuffed -{ Smell and taste will generally detect the fraud. 
 
 into the scrotum of a I 
 
 goat. y 
 
 T, ,1 n 7 f May be suspected when the cake is brittle and 
 
 Earth or Peasmeal j ^^^^^^ ^^^^.^^^ 
 
 P . f Put it in cold alcohol, which will dissolve the 
 
 I resin, without acting on the wax 
 f Is known by the greater softness and unctuosity. 
 
 Tallow < and its smell when melted. Turmeric is gene- 
 
 ( rally added in this case to obviate the paleness 
 
 White Lead Melt the wax, the oxide will subside. 
 
 Tallow The cake has not its ordinary translucency. 
 
 This is variously adulte- C „ 11,1^^1, ,_■ ■, 
 
 . J 7 . ■'77 -.1 Can only be detected by practice, and examining 
 rated, but generally with '..•'. - ■'. ^ . . ' . . . P 
 
 the Carthagena and 
 other inferior barks, 
 f Pieces of dough formed f 
 
 i in moulds, a7id coloured i Throw it into water, the adulteration will appear, 
 (_ with cochineal. ( 
 
 r The true is distinguishable from the false Colomba 
 I by adding to an infusion of the root, a few drops 
 ■{ of solution of sulph. iron, which gives to the 
 infusion of the false Colomba a greenish black 
 colour ; but produces no change in the other. 
 ' If itdoes notretainits spherical form when dropped 
 into water, its adulteration may be inferred. 
 Mix one part of strong liquid ammonia of 22°, 
 with three parts of copaiba. If pure, the mix- 
 ture will, in a few minutes, become transparent; 
 if not, it will remain opake. 
 
 into the quantity of quinia or cinchonia it 
 contains. 
 
 Fibres of smoked Beef . . 
 
 Affords an unpleasant odour when thrown on 
 live coals. 
 
 Petals of the Calendula frc j.t. • .i_i ^ jj.i T<r. 
 
 officinalis, and Cartha- \ ^^^""^^ the specimen m hot water, and the d.ffe- 
 mns Tinctorius. \ ^^^'^^ ^^^ ^« perceptible. 
 
FALSIFICATION 
 
 873 
 
 FALSIFICATION 
 
 Medicines. 
 
 Adulterations. 
 
 Mode op Detection. 
 
 CUBEBA. 
 
 Cubebs. 
 
 CusparijE Cortex. 
 Anyustura Bark. 
 
 GuAiAci Resina. 
 Resin of Guaiacum. 
 
 Hydrargyri Chlo- 
 
 RiDUM Mite. 
 Calomel. 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxi- 
 
 dum rubrum. 
 Red Precipitate. 
 
 Hydrargyri Sul- 
 
 PHURETUM RuBRUM 
 
 Hydrargyri Stjl- 
 PHURETUM Nigrum. 
 
 Iodine. 
 
 Jalaps Radix. 
 Jalap Root. 
 
 Magnesia. 
 
 Magnesia Subcar- 
 
 BONAS. 
 
 Carbonate of Magne- 
 sia, 
 
 Turkey Yellow Berries, ( 
 or the dried fruit of the \ 
 
 False Angustura 
 times sold for it. 
 
 Common Resin . . . 
 
 3Ianchineel Gum 
 
 Detected by attentive examination. 
 Rhamnus Catharticus. (_ 
 
 C The epidermis of the true Cusparia is character- 
 some- J .^g^ ]^y being covered with a matter resembling 
 ( the rust of iron. 
 ? Detected by the turpentine smell emitted when 
 
 I thrown upon hot coals. 
 
 C Add to the tincture a few drops of spirit of nitre, 
 
 J and dilute with water ; the guaicum is preeipi- 
 
 (_ tated — the adulteration floats in the white strise 
 A precipitation will be produced by the carbonate 
 of potass, from a solution made by boiling the 
 suspected sample with a small portion of mu 
 riate of ammonia in distilled water; or, the 
 presence of deuto-chloride of mercury is indi- 
 cated, by warming gently a small quantity of 
 calomel in alcohol, filtering and adding to the 
 clear liquor some lime-water, by which a red- 
 dish yellow precipitate is afforded. When 
 calomel is rubbed with a fixed alkali, it ought 
 to become intensely black, and not exhibit any 
 ^^ orange hue. 
 
 'Digest in acetic acid: add sulphuret of ammonia, 
 which will produce a dark coloured precipitate. 
 It should be totally volatilized by heat. 
 
 Digest in acetic acid, and add sulphuret of am- 
 monia — a black precipitate will be produced, 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate, and 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth. 
 
 Red Lead . 
 
 Red Lead 
 
 Ivory Black 
 
 Throw a suspected portion on hot coals- 
 siduum will detect the fraud. 
 
 -the re- 
 
 , f The tests of its purity 
 xl,and] ar^,^h^P \n Pihc.r. He 
 
 „, , ^, 7 J 1 — — "^ 1—-.' are — that it is perfectly 
 
 Plumbago, Charcoal, and 1 ^qI^]^\q y^ gther. Heated on a piece of glass or 
 
 Oxide of Manganese. ]^ porcelain, it sublimes without residuum. 
 Bryony Root, spurious or ? Bryony root is of a paler colour, and less compact 
 false Jalap Root, and\ texture, and does not easily burn at the flame 
 " ~ ( of a candle. Liquorice is detected by the taste. 
 
 I Detected by the solution in dilute sulphuric acid 
 I affording a precipitate with oxalate of ammonia, 
 f Gives off when moistened, the smell of sulphu- 
 1 retted hydrogen. 
 
 ( Detected by adding dilute sulphuric acid to the 
 -I suspected substance, when, if chalk be present, 
 ( there will be a white insoluble precipitate. 
 I Boil in distilled water, and test the solution by a 
 ( barytic and oxalic reagent. 
 
 Liquorice Root. 
 Lime 
 
 Sulphuret of Lime . 
 Chalk ■ 
 
 and its 
 
 Manna, 
 
 Morphia et ejus 
 
 Sales. 
 
 Morp)hia 
 
 Salts. 
 
 MOSCHUS. 
 
 Mush 
 
 Olea Destillata. 
 Essential Oils. 
 
 Oleum Ricini. 
 Castor Oil. 
 
 Gyps^im 
 
 A factitious article, con- 
 sisting of honey or 
 sugar, mixed with scam- 
 mony, is sometimes sold 
 for it. 
 
 Dried Blood 
 
 Asphaltum 
 
 Pine particles of Lead . . 
 Fixed Oils 
 
 Alcohol 
 
 Olive or A Imond or Pop- 
 py Oil. 
 
 I The colour, weight, transparency and taste detect 
 1 it. 
 
 I 
 
 Morphia and its salts, when placed in contact 
 with nitric acid, are coloured red; with per- 
 salts of iron, blue. They are perfectly soluble 
 in warm alcohol, and acidulated warm water. 
 When morphia is mixed with narcotina, the 
 adulteration is ascertained by mixing them with 
 sulphuric ether, which dissolves the narcotina, 
 without sensibly affecting the morphia. 
 
 ' The bag must not appear to have been opened. 
 This may be suspected, if it emits a fetid smoke 
 
 when inflamed. 
 Discovered by its melting and running, before it 
 
 inflames. 
 Rub with water. The metallicparticles will subside. 
 
 ' Touch writing paper with it, and hold it before 
 the fire : fixed oil leaves a stain of grease. 
 
 J Add water. A milkiness and increase of tempo 
 
 ( rature occurs. 
 
 ( Alcohol S. G. "820 will mix with any proportion 
 
 \ of castor oil, whilst it dissolves very little of 
 
 ( the others. 
 
FALTRANCK 
 
 374 
 
 FARADISATION 
 
 Medicines. 
 
 ADriiTEEATIONS. 
 
 Mode of Detection. 
 
 Opium. 
 
 POTASSII lODIDTJM. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium. 
 
 Qttini^ Sulphas. 
 Sulphate of Quinia. 
 
 Strychnia et ejus 
 
 Sales. 
 Strychnia and its 
 
 Salts. 
 
 ZiNCI OXYDUJf. 
 
 Flowers of Zinc. 
 
 Extract of Liquorice, 
 Bullets and Stones 
 sometimes in it ; Ex- 
 tract of Pojypy, of Che- 
 lidonivyn majns ; G. 
 Arabic, G. Trafj&eanth, 
 Linseed Oil, Coiv's 
 Dung. 
 
 Chlorides of Potassium 
 and Sodium, Nitrate of 
 Potassa. 
 
 < Mannite. 
 
 \ 
 Brueia. . 
 
 f Chalk. 
 \ White 
 
 Lead . 
 
 The best opium is covered -witli leaves and the 
 reddish capsules of a species of Pumex. The 
 inferior kinds have capsules adherent. It is bad 
 when soft and friable, when intensely black orl 
 mixed with many impurities, and when sweet. 
 The quantity of morphia affords the best test. 
 
 The adulteration is ascertained by precipitating a 
 solution of the salt with nitrate of silver, and 
 treating the precipitate with ammonia, which 
 dissolves the chloride of silver, without acting 
 upon the iodide of this metal. 
 
 Leaves no residue when submitted to calcination : 
 is perfectly soluble in warm alcohol, and in 
 water slightly acidulated with sulphuric acid. 
 
 They are free from bruciawben no colour is pro- 
 duced by contact with nitric acid. 
 
 Sulphuric acid excites an effervescence. 
 Sulphuric acid forms an insoluble sulphate of lead. 
 
 FALTRANCK, Falltranck. 
 
 FALX. Anatomists have given this name to 
 several membranous reflections having the shape 
 of a falx or scythe. 
 
 Falx Cerebel'li, Falx minor, Septum Cere- 
 hel'li seu ]}arvuni occipita'le, Proees' sus falcifor'- 
 mis Cerebel'li, (F.) Faux du cervelet, Septum, me- 
 dian du cervelet, (Ch.), is a triangular process of 
 the dura mater opposite the internal oceipitnl pro- 
 tuberance. Its base is attached to the loiddle of 
 the tentorium, and its top or apex bifurcates, to 
 proceed to the sides of the foramen magnum. Its 
 convex surface is towards the cranium, and its 
 concave in the fissure or groove, which separates 
 the two lobes of the cerebellum. 
 
 Falx Cer'ebri, F. major, Ver'tical snpe'rior 
 longitu'dinal proc"ess, 3Iediasti'nnm cerebri, Sep- 
 tum Cerebri, (F.) Faux du cerveau, Repli lont/i- 
 tudinal de la meninge, (Ch.), Proces'sus falcifor- 
 mis durcB matris. The greatest process of the 
 dura mater. It extends from the fore to the hind 
 part of the skull, on the median line ; is broad 
 behind and narrow before, and is lodged in the 
 groove which separates the hemispheres from 
 each other — the interlobular fissure. At its supe- 
 rior part is situated the longitudinal sinus [supe- 
 rior,) and at its lower, corresponding to the edge 
 of the scythe, the inferior longitudinal sinus. Its 
 anterior extremity is nttached to the crista galli ; 
 its posterior is continuous with the tentorium 
 cerebelli, and contains the straight sinus. 
 
 Falx Major, Falx cerebri — f. Minor, Falx 
 cerebelli. 
 
 Falx of the Peritone'om, Great, F.peritnnc'i 
 max'ima, (F.) Grande faux du peritoine. Faux de 
 la Veine Onibilicale, Falx of the umbilical vein, 
 is a reflection of the peritoneum, which ascends 
 from the umbilicus to the anterior and inferior 
 surface of the liver. 
 
 Falces of the Peritonk'um. Lesser, Falces 
 Peritone'i miu'imcB, (F.) Petitesfaux du peritoine, 
 are the lateral ligaments of the liver and the re- 
 flections which the peritoneum forms, raised up 
 by the umbilical arteries. 
 
 Falx of the Umbilical Vein, Fals, great, 
 of the Peritoneum. 
 
 FAME, Lancet. 
 
 FAMEL'ICA FEBRIS, from fames, 'hunger,' 
 Fever accompanied with insatiable hunger. — 
 Sylvius. 
 
 FAMELICUS, Hungry. 
 
 FAMES, Hunger — f. Bovina, Boulimia — f. 
 Canina, Boulimia. 
 
 Fames Lupi'na, Lycorex'is, (F.) Faim de Loup. 
 Authors have described, under this name, a kind 
 of boulimia, or depravation of the digestive func- 
 tion, in which the patient eats voraciously, and 
 passes his food, almost immediately afterwards, 
 per anum. 
 
 FAMEX, Contusio. 
 
 FAMIGERATIS'SIMUM EMPLAP'TRUM, 
 from/a?»a, ' fame,' and gero, ' I wear.' A plaster, 
 extolled in ague, and made of aromatic, irritating 
 substances. It was applied to the wrist. 
 
 FAMILIARICA SELLA, Close stooL 
 
 FAxMILY DISEASES, see Hereditary. 
 
 FAMIS, Contusio. 
 
 FAMIX, Contusio. 
 
 FANCULUM, Anethum. 
 
 FANCY MARK, Nsvus. 
 
 FANFECKLES, Ephelides. 
 
 FANG, Radix. 
 
 FANON (F.) from (G.) Fahne, 'a banner,' 
 'ensign,' 'standard.' Fer'ula, Lec'tulus stra- 
 min'eus, Thor'ulus stramin'eus. A splint of a 
 particular shape, employed in fractures of the 
 thigh and leg to keep the bones in contact. 
 
 The Fanons were divided into triie und false. 
 
 The true consists of a cylinder of straw, strongly 
 surrounded with a cord or riband, in the centre 
 of which a stick is usually placed to ensure its 
 solidity. The false consists of a thick piece of 
 linen, made flat like a compress, and folded at 
 the extremities. It was placed between the frac- 
 tured limb and the true fanon. The Drap-fauon 
 is a large piece of common cloth placed between 
 the fractured limb, in which the fanon or lateral 
 splints are rolled. 
 
 FANTICKLES, Ephelides. 
 
 FANTOM, Phantom, Phanto'ma, from (pavraa/Aa, 
 'a spectre.' (E.) Phantome, Fantome. This word 
 has two acceptations. It means the spectres and 
 images which the imagination presents to the 
 sick, when as<eep or awake; and, also, the figure 
 called, also, Man'nilcin, Man'ikin, and 3fan'a/cin, 
 (F.) llannequin, on which surgeons practice the ap- 
 plication of bandages, or the accoucheur the man- 
 ual part of midwifery, — Phanto'ma obstetric" ium. 
 
 Fantom or Phantom Tumour is one that forms, 
 in the abdomen for example, simulating organic 
 disease, and occasionally exceedingly deceptive. 
 
 FARADISA'TION,i^a)-'cK^ism/ from Faraday, 
 the celebrated physicist. A term proposed by 
 
FARCIMEN 
 
 375 
 
 FASCIA 
 
 Duehenne, of Boulogne, for electricity by induc- 
 tion. 
 
 FARCIMEN, see Equinia. 
 
 FARCIMINALIS MEMBEANA setj TU- 
 NICA, AUantois. 
 
 FARCIN, see Equinia. 
 
 FARCINOMA, Equinia, 
 
 FARCTU'RA, Fart'nra; from far eire, far ctum, 
 ' to stuff.' The operation of introducing medicinal 
 substances into the cavities of animals or of 
 fruits, which have been previously emptied. 
 
 FARCTUS, Emphraxis. 
 
 FARCY GLANDERS, see Equinia. 
 
 FARD, Paint. 
 
 FAR DEALT, Mole. 
 
 FARFARA, Tussilago— f. Bechium, Tussilago. 
 
 FARIGOULE, Thymus. 
 
 FA.RI'NA, Al'phiton, C'rimncn, Al'eton, Aleu'- 
 ron. Ale' ma, from far, 'corn,' or grain of any 
 kind, of which it is made. Meal or flour. The 
 powder, obtained by grinding the seeds of the 
 gramineous, leguminous, and cucurbitaceous 
 plants in particular. It is highly nutritious and 
 much used, dietetically as well as medicinally. 
 In the pharmacopoeias of London, Edinburgh, 
 and Dublin, Fari'na means wheat flour — Farina 
 Tritici. 
 
 heath's Alimen'tary Fari'na, or Homoeopath' ic 
 Farinn' ceous Food, is said to consist principally 
 of wheat flour, slightly baked, .and sweetened 
 with sugar, together with potato flour and a very 
 small quantity of Indian corn meal and tapioca. 
 
 Farina Amygdalarum, see Amygdala, 
 
 Farina, Compounded, Baste r's, is said to 
 consist of wheat flour, sweetened with sugar. 
 
 Farina, Nutritious, Maidman's, is said to 
 consist of potato flour, artificially coloured of a 
 pink or rosy hue, the colouring matter being pro- 
 bably rose pink. 
 
 Farina Trit'ici, wheaten flour; F. Seca'lis, 
 Rye flour or meal; F. Hor'dei, Barley meal; F. 
 Avena'cea, Oat meal, &c. See Amylum. 
 
 Farin-e Resolvent'es, (F.) Farines Resolu- 
 tives. This name was formerly given to a mix- 
 ture of the farina of four different plants; the 
 lupine, Lupimis alhus, the Ervnm Ervilia, the 
 Vieia faba, and the Barley, Hordeum distickum. 
 They were recommended to form cataplasms. 
 
 FARINA'CEOUS, Farina'ceus, Farina' sns,{'F.) 
 Farinace, Farineux, Mealy. Having the appear- 
 ance or nature of farina. A term given to all 
 articles of food which contain farina. The term 
 Farinacea includes all those substances, called 
 cerealia, legumina, &c, which contain farina, and 
 are employed as nutriment. 
 
 Hard's farinaceous food is fine wheat flour, 
 which has been subjected to some heating pro- 
 cess. Braden's farinaceous food is said to be 
 wheat flour, baked. 
 
 In Pathology, the epithet /araiaoeojis, (F.)/a- 
 rineux, is applied to certain eruptions, in which 
 the epidermis exfoliates in small particles similar 
 to farina. 
 
 Farinaceous Food, Braden's, see Farina- 
 ceous — f Food, Hard's, see Farinaceous — f. Food, 
 homoeopathic, see Farinaceous. 
 
 Farinaceous Food, Peumbe's. is said to con- 
 sist principally of bean or pea flour, most pro- 
 bably the former, with a little Tacca arrowroot, 
 some potato flour, and a very little Maranta 
 arrowroot. 
 
 Farinaceous Food, Prince Arthur's, for in- 
 fants and invalids of all ages, is said to consist 
 entirely of wheat- flour, slightly baked. 
 FARINARIUM. Aliea. 
 
 FARINES RESOLUTIVES, Farina resol- 
 ventes. 
 
 FARINEUX, Farinaceous. 
 FARINOSUS, Farinaceous. 
 
 FARMERY, Hospital. 
 
 FARNTICKLES, Ephelides. 
 
 FARRIER, Hippiater. 
 
 FARSIGHTEDNESS, Presbytia. 
 
 FART, Sax. Fan':, from Teut. fahren, 'to go:' 
 — fart, 'a voyage.' (G.) Furz. Bdellus, Bdohie, 
 Bdelyg'mia, Bdelyg'mus, Bombus, Trulla, Porda, 
 Physa, Physe, Flatus, Cre2J'itus, C. ventris, (F.) 
 Pet. A sonorous or other discharge of wind 
 from behind. A low word, but of respectable 
 parentage. 
 
 FARTURA, Faretura. 
 
 FARTUS, Emphraxis. 
 
 FAS'CIA, from fascis, 'a bundle.' Liga'tio, 
 Ligatu'ra, Alligatn'ra, Anades'miis, Vin'cula, 
 Spar'ganon, Epides'mos, Vinctu'ra. A bandage, 
 fillet, roller, ligature. The aponeurotic expan- 
 sions of muscles, which bind parts together, are, 
 likewise, termed Fasciae. See Tsenia. 
 
 Fascia Aponeurotica Femoris, Fascia lata 
 aponeurosis — f. Capitalis, Bonnet d'Eippocrate, 
 Capelina — f. Capitis, Diadema — f. Cooperi, F. 
 Transversalis. 
 
 Fascia, Crib'riform, F. Cribrifor'mis. The 
 sieve-like portion of the fascia lata; so called 
 from its being pierced by numerous openings for 
 the passage of lymphatic vessels. 
 
 Fascia Denta'ta, F. D. Tari'ni, Corps go- 
 dronne of Vicq d'Azyr. A band of gray matter 
 seen beneath the taenia hippocampi on raising it 
 up, which runs along the inner border of the 
 cornu ammonis. It is, as it were, crenated by 
 transverse furrows. 
 
 Fascia Digitalis, Gantelet — f. Diophthalmica, 
 Binoeulus — f. Dividens, Dividing bandage — f. 
 Heliodori, T bandage. 
 
 Fascia Ili'aca, Il'inc aponeuro'sis. An apo- 
 neurosis which proceeds from the tendon of the 
 psoas minor, or which arises from the anterior 
 surface of the psoas magnus, when the former 
 muscle does not exist. It is attached, externally, 
 to the inner edge of the crest of the ilium, below, 
 and anteriorly — on one side, to the crural arch, 
 sending an expansion to the fascia transversalis ; 
 and on the other, continuous with the deep- 
 seated lamina of the fascia lata, which forms the 
 posterior paries of the crural canal. Within and 
 behind, the fascia iliaca is attached to the brim 
 of the pelvis, and is continuous with the aponeu- 
 rosis, which M. Jules Cloquet has called Pelvian. 
 The iliac aponeurosis covers the iliac and psoas 
 muscles, which it separates from the peritoneum. 
 
 Fascia Inpundib'uliforjiis, a funnel-shaped 
 offset from the fascia transversalis, which is pro- 
 longed as a sheath upon the vas deferens and 
 spermatic vessels as they pass out of the abdo- 
 men. 
 
 Fascia Inguinalis, Spica. 
 
 Fascia Lata. A name given by anatomists 
 to an aponeurosis, and to a muscle. 
 
 Fascia Lata Aponeurosis, F. aponeurot'ica 
 feni'oris, Vagi'na fem'oris, Crural or Fem'oral 
 Aponeurosis, is the most extensive in the body, 
 and envelopes all the muscles of the thigh. 
 Above, it is attached to the outer edge of the ilia; 
 before, it arises from the crural arch by two dis- 
 tinct laminaa, separated by the femoral vessels. 
 and becoming confounded a little below the part 
 where the great vena sapbana opens into the 
 crural vein. Of these two larainse, the one is 
 more anterior and thicker than the other, and 
 may be considered as a prolongation of the 
 aponeurosis of the external oblique. It is inti- 
 mately united to Poupart's ligament. The other, 
 which is thinner, is behind, and deeper seated, 
 and, after its union with the former, proceeds to 
 be inserted into the pubis. Inferiorly, the fascia 
 lata becomes confounded with the tendon of the 
 triceps, and is attached to the external tuberosity 
 
FASCIA 
 
 376 
 
 FAT 
 
 of the tibia. The use of the fascia lata, like that 
 of other aponeuroses, is to strengthen the action 
 of the muscles, <&o. 
 
 Fascia Lata Muscle, Tensor vagi'nm fem'o- 
 ris, Fascia' lis, Jfembrano'sus, IIus'culus aponeuro'- 
 sis seu fascia latm seu fem'oris memhrano'sus, 
 (F.) llio-aponevrosi-femoraljllio-ajwnevroti-femo- 
 ral — (Ch.), Tensear de Vaponevrose fimorale. A 
 muscle, situate at the upper and outer part of 
 the thigh. It arises, above, from the outer part 
 of the anterior and superior spine of the ilium; 
 and is inserted, helow, between the two lamince 
 of the fascia lata, which it stretches and raises 
 when it contracts. 
 
 Fascia, Obturator, see Pelvic aponeuroses — 
 f. Pelvic, Internal, see Pelvic aponeuroses — f. 
 Pelvic, Lateral, see Pelvic aponeuroses — f. Pel- 
 vic, Superior, see Pelvic aponeuroses. 
 
 Fascia Pko'pria. A layer of areolar tissue 
 derived from the sheath of the femoral vessels,— 
 or according to some from the cribriform fascia. 
 It is one of the coverings of femoral hernia, and 
 is generally pretty dense about the neck of the 
 hernia; but thin or even wanting on its fundus. 
 
 Fascia Repens, Spica — f. Scapularis, Scapu- 
 lary — f. Sculteti, Bandage of separate strips — f. 
 Semicircularis, Taania semicircularis — f. Spiralis, 
 Ascia — f. Stellata, Stella — f. Submuscular, see 
 Vaginal, (of the eye.) 
 
 Fascia, Subperitone'al, Sulperitone'al apo- 
 nearo'sis. A thin tendinous layer on the outer 
 surface of the peritoneum. 
 
 Fascia Supekficia'lis, Superficial aponeitro'- 
 sis of the abdomen and thigh, (F.) Aponevrose su- 
 perficielle de I'abdomen et de la cuisse. A very 
 thin aponeurosis, which covers the muscles and 
 aponeuroses of the abdomen ; passes before the 
 crural arch, to which it adheres with some degree 
 of force; sends a membranous sheath, which sur- 
 rounds the spermatic cord; and is continuous 
 with the dartos, which it assists in forming. The 
 fascia superficialis presents, beneath the crural 
 arch, very distinct fibres, whose direction is pa- 
 rallel to the fold of the thigh. It is applied over 
 the fascia lata aponeurosis, and is attached, inter- 
 nally, to the ascending ramus of the ischium, near 
 the root of the corpus eavernosum. Before the 
 descent of the testicle from the abdomen, the 
 fascia superficialis is very manifestly continuous 
 with the Gubernacidum testis. 
 
 Fascia Tformis, T. bandage— f. Tortilis, Tour- 
 niquet. 
 
 Fascia Transversa'lis, F. Coop'eri. An apo- 
 neurosis, which separates the transversalis mus- 
 cle from the peritoneum in the inguinal region. 
 It arises above the posterior edge of the crural 
 arch, where it seems to be continuous with the 
 aponeurosis of the greater oblique muscle. Above, 
 it is lost in the areolar tissue at the internal sur- 
 face of the transversalis abdominis. Within, it is 
 continuous with the outer edge of the tendon of 
 the rectus muscle and Gimbernat's ligament; be- 
 low, it is continuous with the aponeurosis of the 
 greater oblique, and receives an expansion from 
 the Fascia lliaca. Towards its middle and a little 
 above the crural arch, the fascia transversalis has 
 the wide orifice of a canal, which is occupied, in 
 the female, by the round ligament of the uterus ; 
 and, in man, furnishes" an expansion, that serves 
 as a sheath to the spermatic vessels. 
 
 FASCIA, Swathing clothes— f. Coli, see Colon 
 — f. Ligamentosfe Coli, see Colon. 
 
 FASCIALIS, Fascia lata muscle, Sartorius — f. 
 Longus, Sartorius— f. Sutorius, Sartorius. 
 
 FASCIARUM APPLICATIO, Deligation. 
 
 FASCIATIO, Deligation, see Bandage— f. Cu- 
 CuUata, Couvrechef. 
 
 FASCICULI CORTICALES, Ferrein, pyra- 
 mids of— f. Graciles, see Corpora restiformia. 
 
 Fascic'uli Innomina'ti. Two large bundles 
 of fibres in the interior of the medulla oblongata, 
 behind the corpora olivaria, and more or lesa 
 apparent between those bodies and the corpora 
 restiformia. They ascend, and become apparent 
 in the fourth ventricle, under the name Fascic'uli 
 seu Proccs'sus ter'etes. 
 
 Fasciculi, Median Posterior, of the Me- 
 dulla Oblongata, Funiculi graciles — f. Muscu- 
 lorum, see Muscular fibre — f. Pyramidales, Fer- 
 rein, Pyramids of — f. Teretes, Processus teretes, 
 see Fasciculi innominati — f. Teretes cordis, Co- 
 lumn » carneae. 
 
 FASCICULUS, Fhacel'lus, Pha'celus, Fas'- 
 cicle, diminutive of fascis, 'a bundle;' JJeeme'- 
 dion, 'a small bundle.' In Anatoiny, it is em- 
 ployed in this sense; as '' a fasciculus of fibres." 
 (F.) Fascicule, Faisceau ou Petit Faisceau, Trous- 
 seau. In Pharmacy, it means maniji'ulus, Chei- 
 rople'thes, ^eiponXrj&rn, 'a handful.' Musa Eras- 
 savolus says, — as much as can be held in two 
 fingers. 
 
 Fasciculus CuffBATus, Reinforcement, fascicu- 
 lus of — f. of Reinforcement, Reinforcement, F. of. 
 
 Fascic'ulus Uncina'tus. A white bundle, 
 seen on the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemi- 
 spheres, passing across the bottom of the fissure 
 of Sylvius, and connecting the anterior with the 
 middle and posterior lobes. The fibres of this 
 fasciculus expand at each extremity, and the su- 
 perficial portions of them curve or hook sharply 
 between the contiguous parts of the anterior and 
 middle lobes, whence the epithet 'uncinatus.' 
 
 FASCINOSUS, Membrosus. 
 
 FASCINUM, Penis. 
 
 FASCIOLA, Bandelette—L Cinerea, Tubereu- 
 lum cinereum — f. Hepatica, Distoma hepaticum 
 — f. Humana, Distoma hepaticum — f. Lanceolata, 
 Distoma hepaticum. 
 
 FASELUS, Phaseolus vulgaris. 
 
 FASEOLE, Phaseolus. 
 
 FASTID'IUM, abridged from fatis taidium. 
 Fastidiousness, Squeamishness, or the condition 
 of a stomach that is really aflfected with nausea. 
 
 Fastidium CiBi, Asitia, Disgust — f. PotHs, 
 Loathing of drink. 
 
 FASTIGIUM, Acme. 
 
 FASTING, from Sax. Fsej'tan, Limo'sis expert 
 protrac'ta, Anorex'ia mirab'ilis, Ine'dia, Jejii'- 
 nium. Loss or want of appetite, without any 
 other apparent affection of the stomach ; so that 
 the system can sustain almost total abstinence 
 for a long time without faintness. Some won- 
 derful cases of this kind are on record. See Ab- 
 stinence. 
 
 FAT, Pingue'do, Pim'ele, Piar, Piei'ron, Li- 
 2)os, Stear, Adeps, Sevum, Sebum, Corp)us adipo'- 
 sum, Axun'gia, Fat, (F.) Graisse : from (G.) 
 Fett, (Sax.) pat. A soft, white, animal sub- 
 stance; inodorous ; insipid; oily; inflammable, 
 easyto melt; spoiling in the air, and becoming 
 rancid by union with oxygen : almost insoluble 
 in alcohol; insoluble in water; soluble in fixed 
 oils. Fat is formed of the immediate principles, 
 stearin, margarin, and olein or elain, all of which 
 are regarded as salts composed of stearic, mar- 
 garic and oleic acids, and a common base, to 
 which, from its sweetish taste, the name 6lyc"erin 
 Glyceri'na, Ghjceri'num, (F.) Glycerine has been 
 given. To these are, almost always, joined an 
 odorous and a colouring principle. Glycerin, Gly- 
 ceri'na, has been introduced into the last edition 
 of the Pharmacopoeia of the U. S. (1851), in which 
 it is directed to be prepared as follows : — Lead 
 plaster, recently prepared and yet fluid; boiling 
 water, of each a gallon ; mix : stir briskly for 15 
 minutes; allow it to cool and pour ofi" the liquid. 
 Evaporate until it has the s. g. 1.15, and pass 
 slowly through it a current of sulpho-hydric acid 
 
FATIGATIO 
 
 377 
 
 FEBRIS 
 
 until a black precipitate is no longer thrown 
 down. Filter and boil until the sulpho-hydric 
 acid is driven off, and evaporate the liquid until 
 it ceases to lose weight. Glycerin is a colourless 
 or straw-coloured syrupy fluid; s. g. 1.25. It is 
 soluble in water and in alcohol, but not in ether. 
 It is used in the form of lotion, composed of half 
 an ounce to ten fluidounces of water, in cutaneous 
 diseases, as psoriasis, pityriasis, lepra and ichthy- 
 osis. It forms a kind of varnish, and might be 
 useful in cases of burns. 
 
 Fat is found in a number of animal tissues, and 
 is very abundant in the neighborhood of the 
 kidneys and in the epiploon. It is generally fluid 
 in the cetacea; soft, and of a strong smell in the 
 carnivora; solid, and inodorous in the ruminat- 
 ing animal; white, and abundant in young ani- 
 mals ; and yellowish in old. It generally forms 
 about a twentieth part of the weight of the human 
 body. The fat, considered physiologically, has, 
 for its function, to protect the organs; maintain 
 their temperature ; and to serve for nutrition in 
 case of need; as is observed in torpid animals. 
 
 Fat, Corpulent — f. Cells, Fatty vesicles. 
 
 Fat, Mackaw, see Cocos butyracea. 
 
 FATIGATIO, Copos. 
 
 FATIGUE, Copos. 
 
 FATTY, Adipo'sus, Adipa'tns, Pimel'icus, Pi- 
 melo'des, Liparo'des, Lip'arus, Sax. FSS'^; past 
 participle of Feftaii, to feed, Ad'ipous, Pinguid, 
 Pinguid' inous. Relating to fat. Resembling or 
 containing fat. The cellular membrane has been 
 called /«/<;/ or adipous ; from an opinion that, in 
 its areolae, the fat is deposited. The areolar 
 membrane, however, merely lodges, between its 
 lamellas and filaments, the vesicles in which the 
 fat is contained. 
 
 Fatty Lig'ament, Ad'ipous ligament. This 
 name has been given to a reflection of the syno- 
 vial membrane of the knee joint, which passes 
 from the ligamentum patellae towards the cavity 
 that separates the condyles of the femur. 
 
 Fatty Mejibrane, Ad'ipous memhrane, Adi- 
 pous tissue. The subcutaneous areolar tissue, or 
 that containing the fatty or adipous vesicles. 
 
 Fatty Ves'icles, Sac'culi adipo'si, Ad'ipous 
 vesicles, Fat cells. This name is given to small 
 bursse or membranous vesicles which enclose the 
 fat, and are found situate in the areolas of the 
 areolar tissue. These vesicles vary much in 
 size. Generally, they are round and globular; 
 and, in certain subjects, receive vessels which are 
 very apparent. They form so many small sacs 
 without apertures, in the interior of which are 
 filaments arranged like septa. In fatty subjects, 
 the adipous vesicles are very perceptible, being 
 attached to the areolar tissue and neighbouring 
 parts by a vascular pedicle. Raspail afBrms that 
 there is the most striking analogy between the 
 nature of the adipose granules and that of the 
 amylaceous grains. 
 
 Fatty Vessels, Ad'ipous vessels. The vessels 
 connected with the fat. Some anatomists have 
 called Adipoiis canals, (F.) Conduits adipeux, the 
 vessels to which they attribute the secretion of fat. 
 
 Fatty Degeneration of the Liver, Adiposis 
 hepatica — f. Liver, Adiposis hepatica. 
 
 FA TUISME, Fatuitas. 
 
 FATU'ITAS, Moro'sis, Stultifia, Stupor mem- 
 tift. Amen'tia; (F.) Fatuisme, Fatuite, from fatuus, 
 'foolish.' Mental imbecility. Idiotism. De- 
 mentia. One affected with fatuity is said to be 
 fat'uous, (Sc.) Dawpit. 
 
 FATUITAS ALPICOLARUM, Cretinism — f. 
 Convallinus, Cretinism. 
 FATUOUS, see Fatuity. 
 FAUCES, Isthmus, Pharynx, Throat. 
 FAUCETTE VOICE, see Voice. 
 FAUNO'RUM LUDIB'RIA. The sports of 
 
 the Fauni. Some authors have called thus the 
 incubus ; others, epilepsy. 
 
 FAUQUIER SPRINGS, see Virginia, Mine- 
 ral Waters of. 
 
 FAUSSE, False — /. Conception, Conception, 
 false. 
 
 FAUSSE COUGHE (P.), Vanum partu'rium. 
 Some authors have used this term for the expul- 
 sion of different bodies constituting false concep- 
 tions ; such as moles, hydatids, clots of blood, 
 &c. Most accoucheurs use the term synony- 
 mously with abortion. 
 
 FAUSSE GliOSSESSE, Pregnancy, false — 
 f. Memhrane, Membrane, false — /. Pleuresie, 
 Pleurisy, false — /. Pneumonie, Peripneumonia 
 notha. 
 
 FAUSSE POSITION (F.), False position. 
 The French use this term, in vulgar language, to 
 indicate any attitude in which torpor, tingling, 
 and loss of power over the motion of a part, are 
 produced by too .strong contraction or painful 
 compression. 
 
 FAUSSE RHABARBE, Thalictron— /. Route, 
 False passage — -/. Variole, Varicella. 
 
 FAUSTI'NI PASTIL'LI, Faustinus's Lo- 
 zenges. These were once celebrated. They were 
 composed of burnt paper, quicklime, oxide of ar- 
 senic, sandarach, lentils, &o. 
 
 FA UX, False — /. du Cerveau, Falx cerebri — 
 /. du Cervelet, Falx cerebelli — -/. Germe, Concep- 
 tion, false — /. Grande du peritoine, Falx, great, 
 of the peritoneum — /. Petite du peritoine, Falx, 
 lesser, of the peritoneum — •/. de la Veine ombili- 
 cale, Falx, great, of the peritoneum. 
 
 FAVEUX, Pavosus. 
 
 FAVIFORMIS, Favosus. 
 
 FAVO'SUS. Similar to a honeycomb. Favi- 
 form'is, Fiivous, from, favus, cerion, 'a honey- 
 comb.' (F.) Faveux. An epithet given to a spe- 
 cies of porrigo. Cerion, Kerion, Favus ; means 
 also a state of ulceration, resembling a honey- 
 comb. 
 
 FA'VULUS ; diminutive of favus, 'a, honey- 
 comb.' Favuli is used by Dr. Morton, of Phila- 
 delphia, for the honeycomb-like depressions in the 
 lining membrane of the stomach — the stomach- 
 cells of Messrs. Todd and Bowman. 
 
 FAVUS, Porrigo, Porrigo favosa, see Favosus 
 — f. Confertus, Porrigo scutulata — f. Dispersus, 
 Porrigo lupinosa — f. Dissemine, Porrigo lupinosa 
 — f. en Groupes, Porrigo scutulata. 
 
 FAXVVAX, see Nucha. 
 
 FEABERRY, Ribes uva crispa. 
 
 FEATHERFEW, Matricaria. 
 
 FEBRIC'ITANS, Feb'riens, Emp'yros, (F.) 
 Febricitant. One attacked with fever; from /e- 
 hricitare, 'to have a fever.' 
 
 FEBRICITATIO, Feverishness. 
 
 FEBRICOSUS, Feverish. 
 
 FEBRIC'ULA, Fe'veret, (F.) Febrieule. Di- 
 minutive of febris, 'fever.' A term employed to 
 express a slight degree of fever. Ephemera. 
 
 FEBRICULOSITY, Feverishness. 
 
 FEBRIENS, Febricitans, Feverish. 
 
 FEBRIPACIENT, see Feverish. 
 
 FEBRIF'EROUS, /'efe'r^/er, from febris, 'fe- 
 ver,' and fero, ' I carry.' Fever-bearing, as a 
 febri ferous locality. 
 
 FEBRIFIC, see Feverish. 
 
 FEB'RIPUGE, Lexipiyret'icus, Lexipyr' etns, 
 Pyret'icus, Alexipiyret'icus, Antifebri'lis, Antijiy- 
 ret'ic, Febrifvgus, from febris, ' a fever,' and 
 fugare, ' to drive away.' A medicine which pos- 
 sesses the property of abating or driving away 
 fever. 
 
 FEBRIFUGUM LIGNUM, Quassia. 
 
 FE'BRILE, i'''e6W7is, Pyret'icus. Relating to 
 fever, as febrile movement, febrile pulse, &o. 
 FEBRIS, Fever — f. Acmastica, Synocha— f. 
 
FEBRIS 
 
 178 
 
 FEBRIS 
 
 Acuta, Synocha— f. Acuta continua, Synocha — f. 
 Adeno-meningea, Fever, adeno-meningeal — f. 
 Adeno-nervosa, Plague — f. Africana, Fever, Afri- 
 can — f. Agrypnodes, see Agrypnodes and Agryp- 
 nos — f. Alba, Chlorosis — f. Algida, see Algidus — 
 f. Amatoria, Chlorosis, Hectic fever — f. Ame- 
 ricana, Fever, yellow — f. Amphemera, Quotidian 
 
 — f. Amphimerina hectica, Hectic fever — f. Am- 
 phimerina latica, Latica (febris) — f. AmpuUosa, 
 Pemphigus — f. Anabatica, Continued fever — f. 
 Angiotenica, Synocha — f. Anginosa, Angina 
 
 — f. Annua, see Annual diseases — f. Anomala, 
 Fever, anomalous — f. Aphonica, Fever, aphonic 
 
 — f. Aphthosa, Aphtha — f. Apoplectica, Fever, 
 apoplectic — f. Ardens, Synocha — f. Arte promota, 
 Fevei-, artificial — f. Arthritica, Gout — f. Asodes, 
 Fever, bilious, see Asodes — f. Assidua, Continued 
 fever — f. Asthenica, Fever, asthenic. Typhus — 
 f. Asthmatiea, Fever, asthmatic — f. Ataxo-adyna- 
 mica. Fever, ataxo-adynamic — f. Azodes, see Aso- 
 des — f. Biliosa, Fever, bilious — f. Bullosa, Pem- 
 phigus — f. Cardialgia, Fever, cardialgio — f. Ca- 
 tarrhalis, Catarrh — f. Catarrh alls epidemica, In- 
 fluenza — f. Caumatodes, Synocha — f. Causodes, 
 Synocha — f. Cephalalgioa, Fever, cephalalgic — f. 
 Cephalica, Fever, cephalic — f. Cholcpyretica, Fe- 
 ver, bilious — f. Cholerica, Fever, bilious, Fever, 
 choleric — f. Chronica, Fever, chronic — f. Coal- 
 terna, see Coalternfe febres — f. Colliquativa, Fe- 
 ver, colliquative — f. Comatodes, Fever, apoplec- 
 tic — f. Communicans, see Subintrantes F. — f. 
 Confusa, see Confusae febres — f. Continens, Ty- 
 phus — f. Continens non putrida, Synocha — f. 
 Continens putrida, Typhus — f. Continua inflam- 
 matoria, Empresma — f. Continua putrida, Syno- 
 chus — f. Continua putrida icterodes Caroliniensis, 
 Fever, yellow — f. Continua non putris, Synocha 
 — f. Continua sanguinea, Synocha — f. Convulsiva, 
 Fever, convulsive — f. Crymodes, see Crj^modes, 
 and Algid fever — f. Culicularis, Miliary fever — f. 
 cum Delirio, Fever, delirious — f. Depuratoria, 
 Fever, depuratory — f. Deurens, Synocha — f. Di- 
 aphoretica. Fever, diaphoretic — f. Diaria, Ephe- 
 mera — f. Duodecimana, Fever, duodecimnne — f. 
 Dysenterica, Dysentery — f. Elodes, see Elodes — 
 f. Elodes icterodes, Fever, yellow — f. Enterica, 
 see Typhus — f. Enteromesenterica, Entero-me- 
 senteric — f. Epacmastica, see Epacmasticos — f. 
 Ephemera, Ephemera — f. Epidemica cum anginS, 
 Cynanche maligna — f. Epileptica, Fever, epileptic 
 — f. Erotica, Fever, erotic — f. Erratica, Fever, ano- 
 malous. Fever, erratic, see Erratic and Planetes 
 — f. Erronea, see Planetes— f. Erysipelacea, Ery- 
 sipelas — f. Erysipelatosa, Erysipelas— f. Esserosa, 
 Miliary fever — f. Exquisita, Fever, regular — f. 
 Esanthema.tica articularis, Dengue — f. Fanielica, 
 see Famelica Febris — f. Flava, Fever, yellow — f. 
 Flava Americanorum, Fever, yellow — f. Gangrse- 
 nodes. Fever, gangrenous — f. Gastrioa, Fever, bi- 
 lious, Fever, gastric — f. Gastrico-biliosa, Fever, 
 gastric — f. Gastro-adynamica, Fever, gastro-ady- 
 namic — f. Hsemoptoica, Fever, hsemoptoie — f. 
 Hebdomadana, Octana — f. Hectica, Hectic fever 
 
 — f. Hectica infantum. Tabes mesenterica — f. 
 Hectica maligna nervosa. Typhus mitior — f. He- 
 meresia. Quotidian — f. Ilemitritsea, Hemitrit^a — 
 f. Hepatica, Fever, bilious — f. Hepatica inflam- 
 matoria. Hepatitis — f. Horrifica, see Algidus — f. 
 Horrida, see Algidus — f. Humoralis, Fever, hu- 
 moral — f. Hungarica, Fever, Hungaric — f. Hydro- 
 cephalica, Hydrocephalus internus — f. Hydro- 
 phobica. Fever, hydrophobic — f. Hysteretica, see 
 Postpositio — f. Hysterica, Fever, hysteric — f. le- 
 terica. Fever, icteric — f. Iliaca inflammatoria. En- 
 teritis — f. Infantum remittens, Fever, infantile 
 remittent — f. Inflammatoria, Synocha — f. Inten- 
 bIo, Epitasis — f. Intermittens, Intermittent fever 
 — f. Intermittens cephalica larvata, Cephalalgia 
 periodica — f. Intestinalis ulcerosa, see Typhus — 
 
 f. Intestinorum, Enteritis — f. Irregularis, Fever 
 anomalous — f. Lactea, Fever, milk — f. Larvata, 
 Fever, masked— f. Lenta, Fever, infantile remit- 
 tent. Hectic fever, Synochus — f. Lenta nervosa, 
 Typhus mitior. Fever, nervous — f. Lenticularis, 
 Miliary fever — f. Lethargica, Fever, apoplectic — 
 f. Lochialis, Fever, lochial — f. Lygmodes, Fever, 
 singultous — f. Lyngodes, Fever, singultous — f. 
 Maligna, Fever, malignant — f. Maligna biliosa 
 Americce, Fever, yellow — f. Maligna cum Sopore, 
 Typhus — f. Maligna flava Indiae occidentalis, 
 Fever, yellow — f. Marasmodes, Hectic fever, Ma- 
 rasmopyra — f. Meningo-gastricus, Fever, gastric 
 — f. Mesenterica, Fever, adeno-meningeal, Fever, 
 mesenteric — f. Methemerina, Quotidian — f. Mili- 
 aris, Miliary fever — f. Minuta, Fever, syncopal— 
 f. Morbillosa, Rubeola — f. Mucosa, Fever, adeno- 
 meningeal — f. Mucosa verminosa, Fever, infan- 
 tile remittent — f. Nautica pestilentialis, Typhus 
 gravior — f. Nephritica, Fever, nephritic — f. Ner- 
 vosa, Fever, nervous — f. Nervosa enterica, see 
 Typhus — f. Nervosa epidemica, Typhus — f. Ner- 
 vosa esanthematica. Typhus — f. Nervosa gas- 
 trica, see Typhus — f. Nervosa mesenterica, see 
 Typhus — f. Nervosa petechialis, Typhus — f. Neu- 
 rodes. Fever, nervous — f. Nocturnus, see Noctur- 
 nal — f. Nonana, Fever, nonane — f. Nosocomio- 
 rum. Typhus gravior — f. Nycterinus, see Noctur- 
 nal — f. Octana, Fever, octane — f. Oscitans, Osci- 
 tant fever — f. Paludosa, see Elodes — f. Pan- 
 nonica. Fever, Hungary — f. Pemphigodes, 
 Pemphigus — f. Pemphingodes, Pemphigus — f. 
 Pempta, Quintan — f. Periodica, Fever, periodic 
 
 — f. Perniciosa, Fever, pernicious — f. Pestilens, 
 Plague — f. Pestilens maligna. Typhus gravior 
 
 — f. Pestilentialis, Fever, pestilential — f. Pesti- 
 lentialis Europe, Tj'phus gravior — f. Petechialis, 
 Typhus gravior — f. Phthisica, Hectic fever — f. 
 Planetes, see Planetes— f. Pleuritica, Pleuritis — f. 
 Podagrica, Gout — f. Polycholica, Fever, bilious — 
 f. Pneumonica, Fever, pneumonic, Pneumonia — ■ 
 f. Puerperalis biliosa, Metrocholosis — f. Puerpe- 
 rarum, Puerperal fever — f. Puncticularis, Mili- 
 ary fever. Typhus gravior — f. Puerperalis, Fever, 
 puerperal — f. Purpurate rubra et alba miliaris. 
 Miliary fever — f. Purulenta, Fever, purulent — f. 
 Putrida, Typhus gravior — f. Putrida nervosa, 
 Tj'phus mitior — f. Quartana, Quartan — f. Quer- 
 quera, see Algidus — f. Quinta, Quintan — f. Quin- 
 tana. Fever, quintan. Quintan — f. Quotidiana, 
 Fever, quotidian, Quotidian — f. Regularis, Fever, 
 regular- — f. Remittens, Remittent fever — f. Re- 
 mittens infantum. Fever, infantile remittent — f. 
 Rheumatica inflammatoria. Rheumatism, acute — 
 f. Rubra, Scarlatina — f. Rubra pruriginosa, Urti- 
 caria — f. Sanguinea, Synocha — f. Saprop.yra, Ty- 
 phus gravior — f. Scarlatinosa, Scarlatina — f. 
 Scorbutica, Fever, scorbutic — f. Semitertiana, 
 Hemitritasa — f. Septana, Fever, septan — f. Ses- 
 quialtera, Hemitritsea — f. Sextana, Fever, sextan 
 — f. Simplex, Ephemera, Fever, simple — f. Sin- 
 gultosa, Fever, singultous — f. Soporosa, Fever, 
 apoplectic — f. Stercoralis, Fever, stercoral — f. 
 Sthenica, Synocha — f. Stomachica inflammato- 
 ria. Gastritis — f. Subintrans, Fever, subintrant — 
 f. Sudatoria, Fever, diaphoretic, Hydropyretus, 
 Sudor a.nglicus — f. Syncopalis, Fever, syncopal — 
 f. Syphilitica, Fever, syphilitic — f. Tabida, Fever, 
 colliquative. Hectic fever — f. Tertiana, Fever, 
 tertian. Tertian fever — f. Tonica, Synocha — f. 
 Topica, Neuralgia, facial — f. Toxica, Fever, yel- 
 low — f. Tragica, Fever, tragic — f. Traumatica., 
 Fever, traumatic — f. Tropica, Fever, yellow — f. 
 Typhodes, Typhus — f. Urticata, Urticaria — f. Ute- 
 rina. Metritis — f. Vaga, Fever, anomalous, see Pla- 
 netes — -f. Variolosa, Variola — f. Verminosa, Fever, 
 infantile remittent, F. verminous, Helminthopyra 
 — f. Vernalis, Fever, vernal — f. Vesicularis, Mili- 
 ary Fever, Pemphigus — f. Virginum, Chlorosis. 
 
FEBRUA 
 
 379 
 
 FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 FEB'RUA, from /eSriio, 'I purge.' In ancient 
 11 ythology, a goddess wlio presided over men- 
 struation. 
 
 FECAL, Stercoraceous. 
 
 FECES, Feeces. 
 
 FECONBATION, Fecundation. 
 
 FECONDITE, Fecundity. 
 
 FEC'ULA, Fa'cula, diminutive oi fcBoc, fmcis, 
 'lee.' An immediate principle of vegetables, 
 composed of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon. It 
 exists in several plants, and has dift'erent names, 
 according to that which furnishes it. (F.) Fecule, 
 Amydole. When extracted from wheat or barley, 
 it is called starch, Am'ylum. When from Cycas 
 circina'lis, Sago; — from OrcTiis mo'rio, Salep. 
 We say, also, Fecula of the Potato, Bryony, 
 Arum, Manioc, &c. 
 
 Fecula, Green. This name is given to a green, 
 solid matter, of variable character, which is be- 
 lieved to be resinous, and which renders turbid 
 several kinds of juices, extracted from vegetables. 
 It is also called Chloroiihyll. 
 
 Fecula Amylacea, Amylum — f. Marantse, 
 Arrow-root — f. Tapioka, see Jatropha manihot. 
 
 FECULE, Fecula. 
 
 FECULENCE, Fcscnlen'tia, Fceeos'itas, Fax, 
 plural Faces, Lemma, Lee, Depos'it, Dregs. In 
 Pharmacy, feculent, albuminous, or other sub- 
 stances, which are deposited from turbid fluids. 
 
 FECULENT, Faculen'tus, Hypot'rygus, Try- 
 go' des. 'Foul, dreggy, excrementitious;' as a 
 feculent fluid, feculent evacuations , &c. 
 
 FECUND, Fecun'dv^,F(Scun'dus, (F.) Fecond. 
 Same etymon as the next. Fruitful, prolific. 
 
 FECUNDA'TION, Facunda'lio, Impregna'- 
 tion, ImprcBgna'tio, Ingravida'tio, Pragna'tio, 
 Gravida'tio, Pragna'tus, Fructifica'tio, Cye'sis, 
 Encye'sis, Encymo'sia, Procrea'tion, (F.) Fecon- 
 dation. The act by which, in organized beings, 
 the material furnished by the generative organs 
 of the female, unites with that prepared by those 
 of the male, so that a new being results. 
 
 FECUN'DITY, Eutoc'ia, Facun'ditas, Pro- 
 ductiv'itas, (F.) Fecondite. The faculty of repro- 
 duction, possessed by organized bodies. 
 
 It has been estimated that, throughout a coun- 
 try, taking one marriage with another, not more 
 than 4 children are the result; and in towns only 
 35 children to 10 marriages. 
 
 FEE, Pyschorages, Sostrum. 
 
 FEET, BURNING OF THE. A singular ca- 
 chectic disease, described by Mr. Malcolmson as 
 occurring in India, the prominent symptom of 
 which was a sense of burning in the feet. 
 
 FEGARITE, Cancer aquaticus, Stomatitis, 
 pseudo-membranous. 
 
 FEIGNED DISEASES, Morli dissimula'ti 
 seu siyniila'ti seu eela'ti seu infitia'ti seu pseuda'- 
 lei, Sim'idated or Pretend'ed diseases, (F.) Ilala- 
 dies dissimulees ou simulees ou feintes ou svppo- 
 sees. The tricks employed, by impostors, to 
 induce a belief that they are attacked with dis- 
 eases when they are not. These are generally 
 assumed by beggars to obtain alms: by criminals 
 to escape punishment; and by soldiers to be 
 exempt from duty. 
 
 The following table exhibits the chief feigned 
 diseases, with the means of detection : 
 
 A TABLE OF FEIGNED, PRETENDED, SIMULATED, OR EXCITED DISEASES OR 
 
 DISQUALIFIC-4.TI0NS. 
 
 Diseases, &o. 
 
 How Feigned. 
 
 How Detected. 
 
 1. Abortion. 
 
 2. Abstinence. 
 
 3. Amaurotic 
 Blindness. 
 
 4. Apoplexy. 
 
 5. Cachexia, Ane- 
 mia, and Debility. 
 
 6. Excretion of 
 
 Calculi. 
 
 7. Cancerous Ul- 
 
 cer. 
 
 8. Catalepsy. 
 
 9. Chorea. 
 
 10. CoNTRACTIOJf of 
 
 Joints in Gene- 
 
 EAL 
 
 By staining the clothes and body 
 with borrowed blood. 
 
 By applying the extract of bella- 
 donna or datiira stramonium to 
 the eye. 
 
 By falling down as if deprived of 
 sensation and consciousness. 
 
 Using substances to make the face 
 appear pale and livid. Indulging 
 freely in wine, and privation of 
 sleep prior to examination. 
 
 Putting sand, pebbles, &c., into the 
 urine. 
 
 By gluing on a portion of a spleen 
 with the smooth side to the skin, 
 leaving on the outside the ap- 
 pearance of an ulcerated surface. 
 
 By seeming to be suddenly motion- 
 less, the joints remaining flexible, 
 and external objects making no 
 impression. 
 
 By assuming the convulsive motions 
 of a part which characterize cho- 
 
 By constant and minute attention. 
 
 Amaurosis is characterized by dila- 
 ted' pupil. Where these sub- 
 stances have been applied, the 
 effects will go off in ten days or a 
 fortnight. 
 
 By powerful stimulants ; an electric 
 shock ; application of hot water, 
 sternutatories, actual cautery, &c. 
 
 By examining if the pulse be sti-ong, 
 and the skin hot, and whether 
 there be loss of appetite or of 
 strength, or swelling of the limbs. 
 
 By the aid of chymistry. We are 
 acquainted with the chymical 
 composition of urinary calculi. 
 
 By noticing whether there be signs 
 of cachexia, and by attentive ex- 
 amination of the part. 
 
 By powerful stimulants, as recom- 
 mended under apoplexy. Letting 
 fall a drop of boiling water on the 
 back. Proposing to use the ac- 
 tual cautery, and seeing whether 
 the pulse rises. 
 
 By examining the patient whilst he 
 may imagine himself unobserved, 
 and seeing whether the convul- 
 sive motions go on. By aness- 
 thetics. (?) 
 
 Mode of discrimination sometimes 
 so obscure as to deceive the most 
 practised and attentive. 
 
FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 380 
 
 FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 Diseases, &o. 
 
 How Feigned. 
 
 How Detected. 
 
 11. CONTRACTIOX OF 
 
 THE Fingers. 
 
 12. COiVVULSIONS. 
 
 13. Opake Cornea. 
 
 '4. GuTANEOvs Dis- 
 eases. 
 
 15. Deaf-Dumbness. - 
 
 16. Deafness. 
 
 17. Death. 
 
 18. Debility, 
 Cachexia. 
 
 19. Deformity. 
 
 20. Delivery. 
 
 21. DlARRH(EA. 
 
 22. Dropsy. 
 
 23. Dysentery. 
 
 Produced by the application of a 
 strong acid, by acrid powders, as 
 quicldime, &c. 
 
 Some articles of diet will bring on 
 urticaria or nettle-rash, in parti- 
 cular individuals, as shell-fish, 
 bitter almonds, &c. By acrids, 
 acids, or any irritants applied to - 
 the surface. An ointment of tar- 
 tarized antimony causes a painful 
 pustular eruption. See Porrigo, 
 in this list. 
 
 It may be assumed or excited by 
 putting a pea in the ear, or by 
 inserting irritants, so as to induce 
 inflammation and temporary loss 
 of function. 
 
 Some persons possess the power of 
 suspending or moderating the ac- 
 tion of the heart. 
 
 After enlargement produced artifi- 
 cially, a subsidence of the tume- 
 faction : the parts being moisten- 
 ed by borrowed blood, and the 
 child of another substituted as 
 the female's own. 
 
 Said to have been caused byamix- 
 I ture of vinegar and burnt cork. (?) 
 May be occasioned by the use of 
 any of the purgative roots, &c. 
 
 ' May be feigned, like pregnancy, by 
 wearing pads. The anasarcous 
 condition of the lower limbs has 
 been caused by applying a liga- 
 ture round them. By inflating 
 the cellular membrane of the ab- 
 domen. 
 May be feigned, like diarrhoea, by 
 adding a little blood to the eva- 
 cuations, or by introducing a soap 
 or some more irritating supposi- 
 
 l tory. 
 
 Introduce a cord between the fin- 
 gers and the palm of the hand, 
 and gradually apply weights so 
 as to expand the fingers. Confine 
 him so that he cannot obtain his 
 food without using his clenched 
 hand. 
 
 When feigned, they do not present 
 the rigidity of muscles or the ra- 
 pidity of action which characte- 
 rize the real. The mode of de- 
 tection must be the same as in 
 epilepsy. 
 
 The existence of the opacity can be 
 detected by attentive observation. 
 
 By careful examination on the part 
 of practitioner and nurse. 
 
 The really deaf and dumb acquire 
 an expression of countenance and 
 gestures which it is diiSeult to 
 assume. 
 
 Make a noise when not expected, 
 and see if the countenance varies 
 or pulse rises. Put to sleep by 
 opium, and then fire a pistol close 
 to the ear, when he may be 
 thrown off his guard. Examine 
 the ear to see if any trick has 
 been played there. 
 
 If suspected, the plan recommended 
 under apoplexy wUl be found 
 most efficacious. 
 
 Examine the part and its articula- 
 tion, naked, and compare it with 
 the opposite. 
 
 Can only be positively detected by 
 examination per vaginam. Soon 
 after delivery, the vagina will be 
 relaxed and the lochial discharge 
 be flowing in greater abundance, 
 the shorter the time that may 
 have elapsed since delivery. 
 
 When diarrhoea is feigned by the 
 lower classes, inspect the linen ; 
 if clean, the bowels are probably 
 not much out of order. Let every 
 individual have a close stool of 
 his own ; and inspect the evacua- 
 tions, taking care that one suffer- 
 ing under the disease does not 
 lend his evacuations to another. 
 
 Can be detected by attentive exa- 
 mination. There will be a want 
 of that leucophlegmatic habit 
 which accompanies and charac- 
 terizes dropsy. 
 
 Same rules as under diarrhoea. 
 
FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 381 
 
 FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 Diseases, &e. 
 
 How Feigned. 
 
 How Detected. 
 
 24. Epilepsy. 
 
 25. Feveh. 
 
 26. Fistula in And. 
 
 27. Fractures. 
 
 28. H^matemesis. 
 
 i 29. HEMOPTYSIS. 
 
 30. Hjemorrhoids. 
 
 31. Heart,Diseases 
 OF, see Palpita- 
 tion. 
 
 32. Hepatitis, 
 
 33. Hernia. 
 
 34. Hydrocele. 
 
 1 35. Hydrocepha- 
 lus. 
 
 1 36. Hysteria. 
 
 37. Insanity. 
 
 38. Jaundice. 
 
 The foaming of the mouth has been 
 produced by keeping a piece of - 
 soap in it. 
 
 By various stimulants, as wine, 
 brandy, pepper; swallowing a 
 small quantity of tobacco, or in- 
 troducing it into the anus. Flour - 
 or chalk used to whiten the 
 tongue. Redness of skin, caused 
 by friction with a hard brush. 
 
 By making an incision near the 
 verge of the anus, and introducing 
 into it an acrid tent, such as the 
 root of lohite hellebore, &c. 
 
 There is generally nothing but the 
 man's own testimony. He com- 
 plains of pain in the part; if frac- 
 ture of the skull be feigned, he 
 states, perhaps, that he becomes 
 deranged on tasting liquor. * 
 
 By drinking the blood of some ani- 
 mal, or using some coloured li- 
 quid, and then throwing it up. 
 
 By secreting bullock's blood for the 
 purpose of colouring the saliva; 
 making small incisions in the 
 mouth ; using bole armeniac or 
 paint of vermilion. 
 
 By introducing bladders of rats or of 
 small fish partly into the rectum. 
 
 The linen has also been stained 
 with borrowed blood. 
 
 Sensation in epilepsy is totally abo- 
 lished. If any remain, disease 
 probably feigned. In contractility 
 of pupil, which occurs in epilepsy, 
 cannot be feigned. Same means 
 to be used as in feigned apoplexj . 
 
 This deceit is generally developed 
 by a day or two's examination. 
 Where flour or chalk has been 
 used to whiten the tongue, the 
 line of demarcation between the 
 whitened part and the clean, 
 healthy margin of the tongue, is 
 too well marked to escape obser- 
 vation. 
 
 By careful examination. 
 
 By attentive examination. 
 
 By cutting off the supply of the fluid 
 and careful examination. 
 
 Blood from the lungs is frothy and 
 light-coloured. Mouth and fauces 
 must be carefully inspected, and 
 the individual be observed. 
 
 In the same manner as hydrocele; 
 — by inflation. 
 
 By puncturing the skin of the scro- 
 tum, and inflating the cellular 
 membrane. 
 
 By opening the integuments of the 
 head, near the vertex, e. g. and 
 blowing in air. 
 
 By colouring the skin with an infu- 
 sion of turmeric or tincture of 
 rhubarb. Clay -coloured stooZs pro- 
 duced by taking daily a small 
 quantity of muriatic acid. High- 
 colnured urine by rhubarb taken 
 internally. 
 
 The means are obvious. 
 
 ' Unless the person be a well-educated 
 impostor, acute inflammation of 
 the liver will be detected by the 
 absence of marks of strong in- 
 flammatory action. Chronic liver 
 disease is, freqviently, not charac- 
 terized by well-marked symp- 
 toms, and hence, when assumed, 
 is difficult of detection. 
 
 The detection is easy. 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Does not easily resist the applica- 
 tion of strong sternutatories to 
 the nostrils. Attentive examina- 
 tion necessary. 
 
 The expression of countenance can- 
 not easily be feigned. Nor can 
 the afTection be kept up so long 
 as in real mental alienation. The 
 individual cannot do so long with- 
 out food, sleep, kc. 
 
 The eyes cannot be coloured, al- 
 though smoke has been used for 
 this purpose. The skin must be 
 washed to remove the colouring 
 matter if any exist, and the sup- 
 ply of acid and rhubarb be pre- 
 vented. 
 
FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 382 
 
 FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 Diseases, &c. 
 
 How Feigned. 
 
 How Detected. 
 
 39. Lameness. 
 
 •10. MENSTRtTATION. 
 
 41. Mtopia. 
 
 Shortsightedness. 
 
 42. Ophthalmia. 
 
 43. Oz.ena. 
 
 44. Palpitation. 
 
 45. Pains. 
 
 Shaking Palsy. 
 
 4T. Pabaltsis. 
 
 48. Phthisis Pul- 
 
 MONALIS. 
 
 49. Polypus Nasi. 
 
 50. PORKIGO. 
 
 Scalled Head. 
 
 61. Pee&nancy. 
 
 52. Peolapsus Ani. 
 
 53. Prolapsus Ute- 
 ri. 
 
 By keeping the limb in a contracted 
 state, and resisting any eflForts to 
 move it. 
 
 By staining the clothes and body 
 with borrowed biood. 
 
 Individuals with long necks and 
 contracted shoulders have simu- 
 lated phthisis, by covering the 
 chest with blisters, cicatrices of 
 issues, &e., and by taking drugs 
 which cause paleness. 
 
 By introducing the testicle of a 
 young cock, or the kidney of a 
 rabbit, into the nostril, and re- 
 taining it there by means of a 
 sponge fastened to it. 
 
 By applying nitric acid to the head, 
 after protecting the face with 
 fatty substances ; but the chronic 
 state is imitated by the use of 
 depilatories of different kinds ap- 
 plied sometimes in patches, so 
 as to resemble the Porrigo de- 
 calvans. 
 
 By wearing pads, and assuming the 
 longing after particular articles 
 of diet, &c. 
 
 By aportion of theintestine of the ox, 
 in which a sponge filled with a 
 mixture of blood andmUk is placed. 
 
 Excited by a variety of acrid and 
 corrosive substances applied to 
 the eye ; as lime, &c. 
 
 A portion of black muslin, spread 
 over the cornea. The eyelashes 
 are sometimes extracted, and 
 caustic applied to excite disease 
 in the palpebra. 
 
 By impregnating a piece of sponge 
 with some offensive juices or oils, 
 mixed with decayed cheese, and 
 putting the imbued sponge into 
 the nostrils. 
 
 White hellebore, given in the dose 
 of 10 or 12 grains, and repeated, 
 will occasion general indisposi- 
 tion, and undue action of the heart. 
 
 By two persons taking hold of the 
 individual and moving rapidly 
 along with him ; and when they 
 are tired, having relays. The 
 impostor will generally give in. 
 
 By cutting off the supply. 
 
 Present an open book, and applj' 
 the leaves close to the nose. If 
 it cannot be read distinctly, when 
 thus placed, or when glasses 
 proper for short-sightedness are 
 used, the disease is feigned. 
 
 When ophthalmia is thus excited, 
 its progress is ordinarily very 
 rapid, arriving at its height within 
 a few hours. 
 
 Cut off the supply. 
 
 The detection is here often difficult. 
 The non-existence of pain cannot 
 be proved, and great pain may be 
 present without any appearance 
 externally. 
 
 The imposition is more frequently 
 detected by inconsistencies and 
 contradictions in the patient's 
 history of the ease, than in any 
 other manner. 
 
 May be suspected, if the person be 
 in an ordinary state of vigour. 
 Try violent remedies and means, 
 recommended under Chorea. 
 
 Violent remedies are here required. 
 Cold affusion, actual cautery, 
 electric shocks, <fec. 
 
 By attentive examination of the 
 
 symptoms. 
 
 By the absence of the areola; the 
 presence of a pad ; and, if neces- 
 sary, by examination per vaginam. 
 
 By a similar fraud. 
 
FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 ;83 
 
 FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 Diseases, &c. 
 
 How Feignkd. 
 
 How Detected. 
 
 54. Pulse, Weak- 
 ness OB Defect 
 
 OF. 
 
 55. Chronic Rheu- 
 matism. 
 
 See Pain. 
 
 56. Scrofula. 
 
 57. Scurvy. 
 
 By ligatures applied to the corre- 
 sponding arm. 
 
 J By exciting wlcers below the angles 
 of the jaw. 
 
 By covering the teeth with wax, 
 and then applying acid, corrosive 
 substances to the gums. 
 
 68. Stammering. 
 
 OF i 
 
 59. Stricture 
 THE Urethra 
 
 60. Swelling of the 
 Legs. 
 
 61. Syncope. 
 
 62. Tympany. 
 
 63. Ulcer of the 
 
 Ear. 
 
 '64. Ulcers op the 
 Legs, &c. 
 
 65. Bloody Urine. - 
 
 5. Incontinence op 
 Urine. 
 
 67. Varicose Veinb. 
 
 By ligatures round the thighs. 
 
 Ligatures are sometimes used to 
 prevent the pulse being felt. By 
 applying lotions to the face to 
 make it pale. 
 
 Persons have possessed the power of 
 swallowing air, so as to distend the 
 stomach, and simulate tympany. 
 
 By introducing a tent, imbued with 
 blistering plaster into the ear, 
 and repeating the application, 
 until the tube becomes ulcerated, 
 and a discharge of puriform mat- 
 ter is established. The fetid smell 
 is imitated, by dropping into the 
 ear & mixture of empyreumatic 
 oil, asafoetida, and old cheese. 
 Also, by introducing a little honey 
 into the meatus. 
 
 By corrosives, or irritants. Some- 
 times by abrasion, by rubbing 
 sand on the shin-bone. At others, 
 they are pretended, by gluing on 
 a piece of spleen or the skin of a 
 frog. 
 
 The fruit of the Indian Fig [Cnrjim 
 opuntia) colours the urine as red 
 as blood. Cantharides will cause 
 it. Blood may also be procured 
 and mixed with the urine. 
 
 Bj examining whether the arteries 
 of the two arms beat alike; and 
 if a ligature be placed on the arm. 
 
 By examining the general habit, 
 and observing whether the ulce- 
 rations be glandular, and the dis- 
 charge of a scrofulous character. 
 
 By examining the general habit; 
 whether debilitated, cachectic, 
 and possessing the usual general 
 signs of scorbutus. 
 
 Simulators of this defect generally 
 state, that it is connate, or ascribe 
 it to a fit of apoplexy or severe 
 fever. Where the organs of 
 speech were perfect, and the mo- 
 ral evidence of the previous ex- 
 istence of the infirmity was not 
 satisfactory, the French authori- 
 ties used to confine the soldiers, 
 and not supply them with food, 
 until they called for it without 
 stammering. 
 
 By passing a bougie. 
 
 Examine the limbs uncovered. 
 
 By using sternutatories. By the 
 absence of some of the symptoms 
 of syncope. Examine the naked 
 arms. Wash the face. 
 
 By a ligature, placed tightly round 
 the limb. They may be excited 
 in this manner, or aggravated if 
 already existing. 
 
 - By careful examination. 
 
 Artificial ulcers have, usually, a 
 more distinct margin, and are 
 more readily healed than others ; 
 the latter being generally indi- 
 cative of an impaired constitu- 
 tion. 
 
 By making the patient pass his 
 urine in the presence of the phy- 
 sician, and examining the vessel 
 before and after. By cutting off 
 the supply of any substance, which 
 could cause the appearance. 
 
 Difficult, at times, of detection. Give 
 the person a full dose of opium, 
 and introduce the catheter when 
 he is asleep. If there be urine, 
 the incontinence is feigned. 
 
 By examining the limb. 
 
FEL 
 
 38' 
 
 FERN 
 
 FEL, Bile — f. Anguillse, see Bile — f. Bovinum, 
 Bile of the Ox — f. Bovis, see Bile — f. Naturae, 
 Aloes — f. Tauri, see Bile — f. Terras, Ludus Hel- 
 montii — f. Ursi, see Bile — f. Vitri, see Vitrum. 
 
 FELDSCHEEREN, Bathers. 
 
 FELINEUS, Bilious. 
 
 FELLEUS, Biliary, Bilious. 
 
 FELLIDUCUS, Cholagogue. 
 
 FELLIS OBSTRUCTIO, Icterus — f. Super- 
 fusio, Icterus — f. Suffusio, Icterus. 
 
 FELON, Paronychia. 
 
 FELTING, from Anglo-Saxon peic, cloth or 
 stufif made without weaving. Taiujling. A term 
 applied to the hair when inextricably interlaced, 
 as occurs occasionally in women from inattention. 
 
 FEL URE DE GLASER, Fissure, glenoid. 
 
 FELWORT, Gentiana lutea. 
 
 FEMALE, Fce'mina, Fe'mina, Gyne, (F.) Fe- 
 melle, {Femme, 'woman.') In animals, the one 
 that engenders and bears the young. It is, also, 
 used adjectively; — as, the Female Sex, &c. 
 
 Female Parts, Vulva. 
 
 FEMELLE, Female. 
 
 FEMEN, Thigh (inner part). Vulva. 
 
 FBMINA, Female. 
 
 FEMINES'CENCE, Foeminescen'tia, from /ce- 
 m?rtcf, 'a female.' The possession or assumption 
 of certain male characteristics by the female. — 
 Mehliss. 
 
 FE3[ME EN COUCHE, Puerpera. 
 
 FEM'ORAL, Femora'lis, from femur, femorin, 
 'the thigh-bone.' Belonging or relating to the 
 thigh ; as Femoral artery, Femoral hernia, Ac. 
 See Crural. 
 
 FEMORALIS, Triceps cruris. 
 
 FEMORO-CALCANIEN PETIT, Plantar 
 muscle — f. Popliteal, great, Sciatic nerve, great 
 — f. Popliti-tibial, Poplitaeus muscle. 
 
 FEM'ORO-TIB'IAL, Femoro-tibia'lis. Be- 
 longing to the femur and tibia. The Femoro- 
 tihial articulation is the knee-joint. 
 
 FEMUR, J/firus, Me'rium. The thigh (q. v.) 
 Also, the thiyh hone, Os fem'oris, (F.) L'os de la 
 Cuisse. The strongest and longest of all the 
 bones of the body, extending from the pelvis to 
 the tibia, and forming the solid part of the thigh. 
 The femur is cylindrical, slightly curved anteri- 
 orly, unsymmetrical and oblique downwards and 
 inwards. The body of the bone is prismatic, and 
 has, behind, a prominent ridge, the linea aspera. 
 
 jj _ f Head supported on a 
 
 ^' . \ column or neck. 
 r, ^ •, ] Great trochanter. 
 Extremity, [lesser trochanter. 
 
 r J. . f External condyle. 
 
 Inferior or \ t . , ■, , 
 
 T-A- ; J Internal condyle. 
 
 JiOtai < External tuberosity. 
 Extremity. ' 
 
 Processes. 
 
 Internal tuberosity. 
 
 The femur ossifies from five points: — one on 
 each process of the pelvic extremity; one in the 
 body of the bone; and two on the condyles. It 
 is articulated with the pelvis, tibia, and patella. 
 See Thigh. 
 
 FEMUR COL DU, Collum femoris— f. Mo- 
 rentium septimus, Iliacus internus — f. Moven- 
 tium sextus. Psoas magnus — f Summum, Vulva. 
 
 FENES'TRA. A windoio, (akin to (paivia, 'I 
 show,' and to Sanscrit /anw.) (F.) Fenfire. Ana- 
 tomists have given this name to two apertures, 
 situate in the inner paries of the cavity of the 
 tympanum. The one of these is the Fenest'ra 
 ova lis seu vestihula'ris, Fora'men ova'le. It is 
 oval-shaped ; situate at the base of the stapes, 
 and corresponds with the cavity of the vestibule. 
 The other is the Fenest'ra rotun'da seu cochlea'- 
 ris seu triq'uetra, Fora'men rotun'dum. It is 
 closed by a fine, transparent membrane, called 
 
 Memhra'na Tympani necun'daria. Tympanum mi- 
 nus seu secnnda'rium, Memhra'na fenestra rotun'- 
 dcB, and corresponds to the inner scala of the 
 cochlea. 
 
 Fenestra Oculi, Pupil. 
 
 FENES'TRAL, Fenestra'tus, from fenestra, 
 'a window.' (F.) FenetrS et Fenestre. Ban- 
 dages, compresses, or plasters with small perfo- 
 rations or openings, are so called. The openings 
 prevent the detention of the discharge. 
 FENESTRATUS, Fenestral. 
 FENESTRE, FenestraL 
 FENhTRE, Fenestra. 
 FENJ^TRE, Fenestral. 
 
 FENNEL, Anethum — f. Dogs', Anthemis co- 
 tula — f. Flower, Nigella — f. Hog's, Peucedanum 
 — f. Sweet, Anethum — f. Water, Phellandrium 
 aquaticum. 
 
 FENOUIL, Anethum—/. d'Eau, Phellandrium 
 aquaticum — •/. Marin, Crithmum maritimum— ■/. 
 de Pore, Peucedanum — /. Puant, Anethum gra- 
 veolens. 
 
 FENTE, Fissure—/. Capillaire, see Pilatio — 
 /. Glenoidale, Fissure, glenoid — ■/. Orhitaire, Or- 
 bitar fissure — /. Orhitaire inferieure. Spheno- 
 maxillary fissure — /. Spheno-maxillaire, Spheno- 
 maxillary fissure — /. SphSnoidale, Sphenoidal 
 fissure. 
 
 FENUGREC, Trigonella foenum. 
 FENUGREEK, Trigonella foenum. 
 FER, Ferrum— /. Acetate de, Ferri acetas— /. 
 Bromiire de, see Bromine — /. Carbonate de, Ferri 
 protocarbonas — /. Carbure de. Graphites — /. 
 Chaiid, Pyrosis — /. Hydrate de, tritoxide. de, 
 Utiles— /. Hydriodate de, see Ferri iodidum— /. 
 lodure de, Ferri iodidum, see Iodine — /. Lactate 
 de, Ferri Lactas — /. Limaille de, Ferri liwatiira 
 — -/. Perchlorure de, Ferri chloridum — /. Peroxide 
 de, Ferri subcarbonas — /. et de Potasse, tartrate 
 de, Ferrum tartarizatum — f. et de Potassium, cya- 
 nure de, Potassii Ferrocyanuretum — /. et de Po- 
 tassium, protocyanure de, Potassii Ferrocyannre- 
 tum— /. Reduit par I'hydrogene, Ferri pulvis— /. 
 Sulphate de, Ferri Sulphas-^/". Sulphure de, Ferri 
 Sulphuretum — /. Tannate de, Ferri tannas — /. 
 Trichlorure de, Ferri chloridum — /. Valerianate 
 de, Ferri Valerian as. 
 FERALIS PEDICULUS, see Pediculus. 
 FERINE, Feri'nns; 'savage, brutal;' from 
 fera, .'a wild beast.' Therio'des. A term, ap- 
 plied to any malignant or noxious disease. In 
 France it is used only when joined to Toux ; 
 Toax ferine, a dry, obstinate, and painful cough. 
 FERMENT, Fermen'tum, (quasi fervimcntum, 
 from ferveo, 'I burn, I ferment,') Zyma, Zymo'- 
 ma, Leven, (F.) Levain. The latrochymists ap- 
 plied this name to imaginary substances, Fer- 
 men'ta mor'hi, to which they attributed the power 
 of producing disease, by exciting a fermentation 
 in the humours. 
 
 FERMENTA'TION, Fermenta'tio, Zymo'sis, 
 jEstua'tio, Causis, Brasmos. Same etymon. An 
 intestinal movement, occurring spontaneously in 
 a liquid; whence result certain substances, that 
 did not previously exist in it. 
 
 The chemical physicians attributed all diseases 
 to an imaginary fermentation of the humours. 
 Fermentation, Putrefactive, Putrefaction. 
 FERMENTUM CEREVISIiB, Yest— f. Morbi, 
 Ferment — f. Ventriculi, Gastric juice. 
 
 FERN, BUSH, Comptonia asplenifolia — f. Cin- 
 namon, Osmunda cinnamomea — f. Eagle, Pteris 
 aquilina — f. Female, Asplenium filix foemina, 
 Pteris aquilina — f. Flowering, Osmunda regalis — 
 f. Gale, Comptonia asplenifolia — f. Male, Poly, 
 podium filix mas — f Meadow, Comptonia aspleni- 
 folia — f Rock, Adiantum pedatum — f. Root, 
 Poly podium vulgare — f. Sweet, Adiantum peda- 
 
FERNAMBUCO WOOD 
 
 385 
 
 FERRI PHOSPHAS 
 
 turn, Coinptonia asplenifolia — f. Sweet, shrubby, 
 Comptonia asplenifolia. 
 
 FERNAMBUCO WOOD, C^salpinia ecbinata. 
 
 FERNFRECKLED, Ephelides. 
 
 FERNITICKLES, Ephelides. 
 
 FERO'NIA ELEPHAN'TUM, (from the god- 
 dess Feronia.) A tree of India, Order Auranti- 
 aceas, which yields a gum closely resembling 
 Gum Arabic. Dr. Pereira thinks it not impro- 
 bable, that a part of the East India gum taken to 
 England may be the produce of this tree. The 
 leaves are aromatic, of an odour resembling anise, 
 and are used as a carminative. 
 
 FERRAMEN'TUM, Side'rion, Inatrnmen'tum 
 fer'reum, from ferrum, 'iron.' Any surgical in- 
 strument made of iron. By the vulgar, in France, 
 the word ferrements means the instruments used 
 in difSeult labours. 
 
 FERRARIA, Scrophularia aquatica. 
 
 FERRATUS. Chalybeate. 
 
 FERREIN, CANAL OF, Ductus Ferrei'ni. A 
 triangular channel, which Ferrein supposed to 
 result from the approximation of the free edges 
 of the eyelids applied to the globe of the eye; 
 and which he considered adapted for directing 
 the tears towards the puncta lacrymalia, during 
 sleep. The canal is, probably, imaginary. 
 
 The same name is likewise given to the corti- 
 cal canals,— i\\e first portions of the uriniferous 
 ducts, whilst still in the cortical substance of the 
 kidney. 
 
 Ferreix, Pvr'amids of, Pyram'ides Ferrei'ni. 
 Each of the papillae of the kidney, according to 
 Ferrein, consists of, at least, 700 subordinate 
 cones or pyramids. To these last the names 'py- 
 ramids of Ferrein' Pyram'ides rena'les Ferrei'ni, 
 Fascic'uli pyramida'les, Fas'ciculi cortica'les, 
 Loh'uli renum, have been given. 
 
 FERRI ACE'TAS, Extrac'tum martis ace'ti- 
 cum, Ace'ticum martia'le, Ac"etate of Iron, Iron 
 Liquor, (F. ) AcetatK de fer. A preparation of 
 the Dublin Pharmacopoeia, made by digesting 1 
 part of carbonate of iron in 6 parts of acetic acid 
 for three days, and filtering. Dose, as a tonic 
 and astringent, TT^v to TTLxx, in water. 
 
 Feriu ^rugo, F. Subearisonas — f. et Ammo- 
 nias murias, Ferrum ammoniatum — f. Ammonio- 
 chloridum, Ferrum ammoniatum. 
 
 Ferri et Alu'mixje Sulphas, Sulphate of Iron 
 and Alumina, is made by treating bicarhonated 
 solution of soft iron and carbonated solution of 
 pure washed cdumina, with sulphuric acid. It 
 has been recommended as a valuable astringent. 
 Dose, from five to ten grains. 
 
 Ferri Ammo'nio-citras, Amm.onics ferro-citras, 
 Ferrum ammoni' aco-cit' ricum, Ammonio-citrate 
 of iron, Citrate of ammonia and iron. Prepared 
 by adding ammonia to citrate of iron, so as to 
 neutralize the excess of acid. Dose, gr. v. to gr. 
 viij. A PoTASsio-CiTRATE and a Sodio-Citratb 
 OF Iron have also been introduced; and a Ci- 
 trate of the Magnetic Oxide of Iron prepared 
 by combining the magnetic oxide with citric acid. 
 
 Ferri Amjionio-tartras, ^mwoHi'o-fartz-rt^e of 
 Iron. This salt is best made by dissolving to 
 saturation freshly precipitated hydrated oxide of 
 iron in a solution of bitartrate of ammonia, and 
 evaporating to dryness. It is very soluble. The 
 dose is five grains or more in pill or solution. 
 
 Ferri Arsenias, Arseniate of Iron — f. Borus- 
 sias, Prussian blue — f. Bromidum, see Bromine — 
 f. Carbonas, F. subcarbonas — f. Carbonas Sac- 
 charatum, see F. Protocarbonas — f. Carbonas cum 
 Saccharo, see Fei-ri Protocarbonas — f. Carbona- 
 tum. Graphites — f. Carburetum, Graphites. 
 
 Ferri Chlo'ridum, F. Sesquichlo'ridum, (F.) 
 Trichlorure ou Perchlorure defer, Chloride, Ses- 
 quichloride, Perchloride or Muriate of Iron, is 
 obtained by dissolving sesqui-chloride of iron in 
 
 chlorohydric acid. It is generally prescribed in 
 the form of Tinctura Ferri Chloridi. A concen- 
 trated solution of the perchloride has been used 
 as an injection for the radical cure of aneurism. 
 
 Ferri Citras, Ferrum cit'ricum, Citrate of 
 Iron. Two citrates of iron are prepared — the 
 Sesqnicitrate or Citrate of the Sesquioxide ; and 
 the Citrate of the Protoxide. The former is ofii- 
 cinal in the Ph. U. S. They resemble, in their 
 medical properties, the tartrate and the lactate 
 of the metal. Dose, five grains or more. 
 
 Ferri Cvanuretum, Prussian blue — f. Deuto- 
 carbonas fuseus, F. subcarbonas — f. Deuto.\ydum 
 nigrum, iEthiops martial — f. Ferrocyanas, Prus- 
 sian blue — f. Ferrocyanuretum, Prussian blue. 
 
 Ferri Filuji. The pharmacopoeial name of 
 iron wire. 
 
 Ferri Hydriodas, F. lodidum — f. Hydro- 
 cyanas, Prussian blue — f. Hypercarburetum, 
 Graphites. 
 
 Ferri Io'didum, F. lodm-e'tum, Ferrum ioda'- 
 tum. Iodide, or loduret of Iron, (F. ) lodure dc 
 fer ; in solution, Hydri'odate of Iron, Ferri hy- 
 dri'odas. Ferrum hydrioda'tum, (F.) Hydriodate 
 defer, [lodin. ^ij, Ferri rament. ^j, Aq. destillat. 
 Oiss.) Mix the iodine with a pint of the distillesi 
 water, in a porcelain or glass vessel, and gradu- 
 ally add the iron filings, stirring constantly. 
 Heat the mixture gently until the liquid acquires 
 a light greenish colour: then filter; and, after the 
 liquid has passed, pour upon the filter half a pint 
 of the distilled water, boiling hot. When thi.s 
 has passed, evaporate the filtered liquor, at a 
 temperature not exceeding 212°, in an iron ves- 
 sel, to dryness ; keep the dry iodide in a closely 
 stopped bottle. (Ph. U. S.) Dose, gr. iij to gr. 
 X or more. 
 
 Ferri lonuRETusr, F. lodidum. 
 
 Ferri Lacta.S, Ferrum lac'tieum. Lactate of 
 Iron, L. of Protox'ide of Iron, (F.) Lactate de 
 Fer. Prepared by digesting in a sand-bath, at a 
 low temperature, diluted lactic acid with iron 
 filings. It is employed in the same cases as the 
 precipitated subcarbonate of iron, and especially 
 in chlorosis. Twelve grains of the lactate may 
 be given in the 24 hours, in the form of lozenges. 
 
 Ferri LnrATu'RA Purifica'ta, Pu'rifed Iron 
 Filings: — ^ purified by means of the magnet, for 
 internal use. The filings are, also, called Ferri 
 Scobs, F. Ramen'ta et Fila, Martis Limatu'ra, 
 Spee'ulum. In'dicitm, Ferri in pul'verem re.solu'tio, 
 (F.) Limaille de Fer. They are considered to 
 possess the general properties of iron : — the iron 
 becoming oxidized. 
 
 Ferri et Magne'si^ Citras, Citrate of iron 
 and magne'sia, is prepared by dissolving hydra- 
 ted oxide of iron in a solution of citric acid, satu- 
 rated with carbonate of magnesia, and evapora- 
 ting to dryness. It is soluble in water, and does 
 not constipate. Dose, from four grains to fifteen, 
 in solution. 
 
 Ferri Nitras, see Liquor Ferri nitratis — f. 
 Nitratis Liquor, see Liquor Ferri nitratis — f. Ox- 
 idum Fuscum, F. subcarbonas — f. Oxidum hydra- 
 turn, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum — f. Oxidum 
 Jlagneticum, Oxydum Ferri nigrum — f. Oxidum 
 Nigrum, Oxydum Ferri nigrum — f. Oxidum ru- 
 brum, Colcothar, Ferri subcarbonas — f. Oxidum 
 hydratum, Ferrum oxydum hydratum — f. Per- 
 cyanidum, Prussian blue — f. Peroxydum hydra- 
 tum, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum — f. Perses- 
 quinitras, see Liquor Ferri nitratis. 
 
 Ferri Phosphas, Phosphate of Iron, (Ferri 
 Sidi^hat. ^Y, Soda: Phosphat. §vi, AqucB, cong. 
 Dissolve the sulphate of iron and phosphate of 
 soda, severally, in four pints of the water; then 
 mix the solutions, and set the mixture by, that 
 the powder may subside; lastly, having poured 
 off the supernatant liquor, wash the phosphate 
 
FERRI PILA 
 
 386 
 
 FERRUM 
 
 of iron witli wiiter, and dry it with a gentle heat. 
 — Ph. U. S.) Dose, 5 to 10 grains as a chaly- 
 beate. Rarely used. 
 
 Ferrt Pila, F. limatura — f. et Potassse tartras, 
 Ferrum tartarizatum — f. Potassio-citras, see Ferri. 
 ammonio-citras — f. Potassio-tartras, Ferrum tar- 
 tarizatum. 
 
 Ferri Protocar'bonas, Profocar'bonate of 
 Iron, (F.) Carbonate de Fer. The protocarbo- 
 nate of iron, thrown down from a solution of the 
 sulphate of iron by the carbonate of soda, readily 
 attracts oxygen and becomes converted into the 
 sesquioxide. To prevent this, it may be asso- 
 ciated with honey and sugar, and the mixture be 
 reduced by evaporation to a pilular consistence. 
 The mass constitutes the Ferru'(]inouB Pills, Pi- 
 lules ferriic/iiievses, of Vallet, Vallefs Pills. See 
 Pilulse Ferri Carbonatis. The Edinburgh Phar- 
 macopoeia contains the Ferri Car'honas Saccha- 
 ra'tum, Ferri Car'honas cum Sac'charo, Sac'cha- 
 rtne Car'bonate of Iron, prepared in this manner. 
 It is the Ferrum Carbon'icum Saccharatum of 
 Klauer. 
 
 The protocarbonate is given in the same dis- 
 eases as the lactate of iron ; ten or fifteen grains 
 in the course of the twentj'-four hours. 
 
 Ferri Protosulphas Viridis, F. Sulphas — f. 
 Prussias, Prussian blue. 
 
 Ferri Pulvis, Fer redidt, F. reduit par I'hy- 
 drogene, Ferrum metal' licttm, Powder of iron, 
 Medu'ced Iron, Quevcnne's Iron, prepared by pass- 
 ing a stream of hydrogen gan over the sesquioxide 
 of iron, contained in an iron or porcelain tube 
 heated to low redness. It is very liable to be- 
 come oxidated, and must be kept in a dry, well- 
 stopped bottle. It has been prescribed in anae- 
 mic, and especially in chlorotic cases. The ordi- 
 nary dose is three to six grains, or more, three 
 times a day, in pill made with sugar and gum. 
 A formula for its preparation is given in the last 
 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States 
 (1851). 
 
 Ferri et Qdi'ni^ Citras, Ferrum et Chini'nnm 
 cit'ricum, Citrate of Iron and Qui'nia, formed by 
 the union of four parts of citrate of iron and one 
 part of citrate of quinia, has been prescribed in 
 cases where a combination of these tonics is indi- 
 cated. 
 
 Ferri Ramenta, F. limatura — f. Rubigo, F. 
 Subcarbonas — f. Scobs, F. limatura — f. Sesqui- 
 chloridum, Ferri chloridum — f. Sesquioxidum, F. 
 subcarbonas preecipitatus. 
 
 Ferri Sesquinitratis, Liquor, see Tinetura 
 Ferri muriatis — f. Sodio-tartras, see Ferri et am- 
 monio-citras. 
 
 Ferri Subcar'bonas, F. Car'honas, F. Ruhi'go, 
 Ferrum prmcipita'tum, Chal'ybis Ruhi'go prcepa- 
 ra'ta. (The last two terms, as well as Ferru'go, 
 are applied to the subcarbonate or rust, ^Em'go 
 Ferri, Cacaferri, formed by the action of moist 
 air on metallic iron.) A protoxide of iron, oxi- 
 dized by the decomposition of water; the carbonic 
 acid being attracted from the air. Dose, gr. v to 
 ^ss and more. 
 
 Ferri Subcarbonas may be precipitated from 
 sulphate of iron by carbonate of soda. The fol- 
 lowing is the formula of the Pharmacopoeia of the 
 United States : — i^erri sulph. '^■viiy, soda carh. 
 §ix; aqua bullient. cong. Dissolve the sulphate 
 of iron and carbonate of soda severally in four 
 pints of the water, then mix the solutions, and, 
 having stirred the mixture, set it by that the 
 powder may subside :. having poured off the 
 liquor, wash the subcarbonate with hot water, 
 wrap it in bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle 
 heat. It is, also, called Ferri sesquiox'idum, 
 Ox'idum ferri fuseurn, 0. ferri ruhrum, Deuto- 
 car'bouas Ferri fuscus, Crocus martis ape'riens, 
 
 Sesquioxide or peroxide of iron, (F.) Peroxide de 
 fer, Safran de Mars aperitif. 
 
 Ferri Sdlphas, Sal Martis, Vitrio'lum Martia 
 seu Ferri, Ferrum Vitriola'tum, Sulphas sen Pro- 
 tosulphas Ferri vir'idis, Calcad'inum, Cal'catar, 
 Cal'cotar, Chalcan'thum, Calcite'a, Atramen'tum 
 sato'rium, Vit'riol, Vitrio'lum viride, An'ima 
 Hep'atis, Sulphate of Iron, Green Vitriol, Cop- 
 peras, (F. ) Sulfate defer. The Pharmacopoeia 
 of the United States directs it to be made by the 
 action o{ sulphuric acid ^xviij, on iron wire, cut 
 in pieces, ^'^'J — water, a gallon — evaporating, 
 crj'stallizing, and drying the crystals on bibulous 
 paper. This salt is inodorous, and of a strong 
 stj'ptic taste. The crystals are light green, trans- 
 parent, rhomboidal; and soluble in two parts of 
 water. It is tonic and anthelmintic. Dose, gr. 
 j. to vj and more. 
 
 Ferri Splphas Calcinatum, Colcothar. 
 
 Ferri Sulphas Exsicca'tum, Ferri Sulphas 
 sicca'tum, of the Pharmacopceias, is Sulphate of 
 Iron exposed to a moderate heat, until it is capa- 
 ble of being reduced to powder. In this form it 
 can be made into pills. Three grains may be 
 esteemed equivalent to five of the crystallized 
 salt. 
 
 Ferri Sulphure'tum, Sul'pihuret of Iron, Iro-n 
 pyri'tes, (F.) Sulfure defer; maybe made by 
 heating one part of sublimed sulphur, over three 
 parts of iron filings in a crucible until the mass 
 begins to glow. It is employed as a ready means 
 for obtaining hydrosulphuric acid gas by the ad- 
 dition of sulphuric or chlorohydric acid. 
 
 Ferri Tanxas, Ferrum tan'nicum, Tannate of 
 Iron, (F.) Tannate de fer. This salt is usually 
 obtained by adding a solution of a salt of sesqui- 
 oxide of iron, as the persulphate, to a decoction 
 of nut-gnlls. It is possessed of tonic and astrin- 
 gent properties, and has been extolled, especially 
 in chlorosis. 
 
 Ferri Tartarum, Ferrum tartarizatum — f. 
 Tritoxydum, Colcothar. 
 
 Ferri Valeria'nas, Ferrum Valeria' nicnm, 
 Vale'rianate of Iron, (F.) Valerianate de fer. 
 Formed by the action ot valerianic acid on oxide 
 of iron. It is a dark brick-red powder, insoluble 
 in water, and has been given in hysteria compli- 
 cating chlorosis. Dose, from two to four grains. 
 The Dublin Pharmacopoeia of 1850 has a formula 
 for this salt. 
 
 FERRICUS HYDRAS, Ferrum oxydum hy- 
 dratum. 
 
 F E R R 0-MAN'G ANIC, Ferro-mangan'icus. 
 Composed of iron and manganese — as a "ferro- 
 manganic preparation." 
 
 FERRUGINEOUS, Chalybeate. ' 
 
 FERRUGINOUS, Chalybeate. 
 
 FERRUGO, Ferri subcarbonas, Ferrum oxy 
 datum hydratum. 
 
 FERRUM, Mars, Slde'ros, Metal'lum hamato- 
 poet'icum. Iron, (F.) Fer. A metal of a bluish- 
 gray colour; fibrous texture; brilliant and fine- 
 grained fracture. Specific gravity 7"600 to 7*800; 
 hard, ductile, malleable, and magnetic. The me- 
 dicinal virtues of iron are tonic; producing fetid 
 eructations, when it takes effect, owing to its 
 meeting with acid in the stomach, which oxidizes 
 it, and causes the evolution of hydrogen gas. 
 When given in the metallic state, the filings are 
 chiefly used ; but the oxides and salts are most 
 commonly employed. 
 
 Ferrusi Ammoniacale, F. ammoniatum — f. 
 Ammoniaco-citricum, Ferri ammonio-citras. 
 
 Ferrum Asimonia'tum, F. ammoniaca'le, Mu'- 
 rias Ammo'nicB et Fern', Ferri ammo'nio-chlo'ri- 
 dnm, Flores martia'les seu salis ammoni'aci mar- 
 tia'les, Ens martis sen Ven'eria Boy'lei, Sal 
 martis muriat'icum sublima'tum, S. ammoni' acum 
 martia'le, Ammo'nium muriat'icum martia'tum 
 
FERRUM 
 
 387 
 
 FEVER 
 
 BOU martia'le, Ammoni'acum hydrochlora'tum fer- 
 ra'tum, Aroph Paracel'ei, Calen'dulce minera'les, 
 Ammo' mated Iron, Ammo' iiio-chloride of Iron, 
 (F.) llariate d'ammoniaque et defer. A mixture 
 of the hydro-clilorates of ammonia and iron. [?] 
 {Ferri Subcarb. ,^iij ; acid mnrint. f,5x; ammon. 
 muriat. Ibijss ; aq. destillat. Oiv. Mix the sub- 
 carbonate with tlie aeid in a glass vessel and 
 digest for two hours ; then add the muriate pre- 
 viously dissolved in distilled water, and having 
 filtered the liquor, evaporate to dryness. Rub to 
 powder. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, gr. iij. to gr. xv. 
 
 Ferrum Arseniatum, Arseniate of iron — f. 
 Arsenicicum oxydulatum, Arseniate of iron — f. 
 Borussicum, Prussian blue — f. Bromatum, see 
 Bromine — f. Carbonicum Sacoharatum, Ferri 
 protocarbonas — f. et Chininum citricum, Ferri 
 citras — f. Citricum, Ferri eitras — f. Cyanogena- 
 tum, Prussian blue — f. IlEematites, Haematites — 
 f. Hydriodatum, see Ferri iodidum — f. Hydro- 
 bromicum oxydatum, see Bromine — f. Lacticum, 
 see Ferri lactas — f Magnes attractorium, Magnet 
 — f. Metallicum, Ferri pulvis. 
 
 Ferrdm Oxyda'tum HYDRA'TUjr, Ferri O.ri- 
 dam Hydra'tum (Ph. U. S.) seu Perox'ydum Hy- 
 dra' turn, Ferru'go, Hydras Fer'ricus, Hydro-oxide 
 of Iron, Hydra'ted peroxide of Iron, Hydrated 
 Tritoxide of Iron. It may be prepared by taking 
 a solution of sulphate of iron, increasing its dose 
 of oxygen by heating it with nitric acid, and pre- 
 cipitating the oxide by adding pure ammonia in 
 excess, washing the precipitate, and keeping it 
 moist. 
 
 The following is the formula adopted by the 
 Pharmacopoeia of the United States: Ferri Sulph. 
 ^iv ; acid, anlphuric. f^iiiss; acid, nitric, f ^vi, 
 vel q. s., Liq ammonia', q. s., aqucB Oij. Dissolve 
 the sulphate of iron in the water, and having 
 added the sulphuric acid boil the solution : then 
 add the nitric acid in small portions, boiling the 
 liquid for a minute or two after each addition, 
 until the acid ceases to produce a dark colour. 
 Filter the liquid, allow it to cool, and add the 
 liquor ammonise in excess, stirring the mixture 
 briskly; wash the precipitate with water, until 
 the washings cease to yield a precipitate with 
 chloride of barium, and keep it close in bottles 
 with water sufficient to cover it. 
 
 It has been brought forward as an antidote to 
 arsenic ; and many cases of its efficacy have been 
 published. 
 
 From 10 to 20 parts of the hydrated oxide 
 ■would seem to be more than sufficient to convert 
 1 part of arsenious acid into the basic salt of iron. 
 
 Fbrrum OxYDULATDsr Hydrogyaxicum. Prus- 
 sian blue — f. Potabile, F. tartarizatum — f. Prseci- 
 pitatum, Ferri subcarbonas. 
 
 Ferrum Tannicusj, Ferri tannas. 
 
 Ferrum Tartariza'tum, Tartras Pofas'sce et 
 Ferri, Tar'farum Ferri, Ferri et Potaascp, Tartras, 
 (Ph. U. S.) Tar'tarus chalybea'tus seu martia'lis. 
 Mars solu'bilis, Ghalybs tartariza'tus, Ferri po- 
 tass' io-tartras, Tartras kal'ico-fer'ricns seu Po- 
 tas'scB ferrngino'sus, Ferrum potab'ile, Globus 
 martia'lis, Gloh'uli Tar'tari martia'les seu mar- 
 tia'les sohi'ti seu martia'ti seu tartra'tis ferri et 
 lixiv'ice, Bali Martis, Pyri martia'les, Tartarized 
 Iron, Tartrate of Potassa and Iron, (F.) Tartrate 
 de potasse et defer, Boide de Mars ou de Nancy 
 ou de Mohheim ou d'Acier. (Ferri subcarb. ,^iij, 
 Acid, muriat. f,^x/ Liquor Potasses, Ovss ; 
 Potass. Bitart. _^vijss, Aquae destillat. cong. iss. 
 Mix the subcarbonate of iron and the muriatic 
 acid, and digest for two hours; pour the solution 
 into a gallon of the distilled water; set aside for 
 an hour, and pour off the supernatant liquor. 
 To this add the liquor potassae ; wash the precipi- 
 tate formed frequently with water, and while yet 
 moist, mix it with, the bitartrate of potassa and 
 
 half a gallon of the distilled water. Keep the 
 mixture at the temperature of 140'^ for 30 hours, 
 frequently stirring; filter the solution, and evapo- 
 rate by means of a water bath, at the same tem- 
 perature, to dryness. — (Ph. U. S.) It is one of 
 the mildest of the salts of iron, and not unpala- 
 table. Dose, gr. x. to 3^ss. 
 
 The Tinetu'ra Martis Aperiti'va, Tincture of 
 Ludwig ; Al'cohol cum Sulpha'te Ferri tariarisa'- 
 tus ; Tinetura Martis Glauberi is, essentially, a 
 solution of this salt. It is also called Eau de 
 Boule, and is used in contusions. 
 
 Ilelvetius's Styptic was composed of the filings 
 of iron, and tartar, mixed to a proper consistence 
 with French brandy. It was called in England 
 Eaton's Styptic; but this is now formed of Std- 
 phate of Iron. 
 
 Ferrum Valerianicum, Ferri valerianas — f. 
 Vitriolatum, Ferri sulphas — f. Vitriolatum ustum, 
 Colcothar — f. Zootioum, Prussian blue. 
 
 FERSJE. Rubeola. 
 
 FERTILITY, Fecundity. 
 
 FER'ULA,i^aHMi, Palette, Splint— f. Afrieana, 
 Bubon galbanum — f. Asafoetida, see Asafoetida — 
 f. Graveolens, Anethum graveolens — f. Opopo- 
 nax, Pastinaca opoponax — f. Persiea, see Saga- 
 penum — f. Tingitana, see Ammoniac, gum. 
 
 FERUS, Homicidal. 
 
 FESISIAN, Physician. 
 
 FESSES, Nates. 
 
 FESSIER, Gluteal—/. Grand, Glutasus maxi- 
 mus — /. Moijen, Gluteus medius — f. Petit, Glu- 
 tasus minimus. 
 
 FESTER. A word of unknown etymology, 
 which signifies to corrupt or rankle; and, when 
 applied to a sore, means to suppurate, or rather 
 to discharge a thin fluid as an evidence of its 
 being irritated. 
 
 FETID, Fce'tidus, Byso'des, Caco'des, Bromo'- 
 sus, Grav'eolens. Having a bad smell. 
 
 FETUS, Foetus, Pregnant. 
 
 FEU ACTUEL, Cauterium— /. Persigue, Her- 
 pes zoster, see Anthrax — •/. Potential, see Caute- 
 rium — f. Sucre, Erysipelas^". St. Antoine, Ery- 
 sipelas—/. Sauvage, Ignis sylvaticus— /. Volage, 
 Ignis sylvaticus. 
 
 FEUILLET, Omasum; see Tache embryon- 
 naire. 
 
 FEUX DE LENTS, Strophulus—/. Volages, 
 Porrigo larvalis. 
 
 FEVE, Vicia faba— /. de Carthagene, Habilla 
 de Carthagena — /. d Oochon, Hyoscyamus — /• 
 Epaisse, Sedum telephium — /. des 3Iarais, Vicia 
 faba — /. de Sainte Ignace, Ignatia amara — /. 
 Purgatif, Ricinus communis. 
 
 FEVER, Febris, from feritas, ' wildness,' or 
 from fervor, 'heat,' or from februo, '1 purify:' 
 Pyr, Pyr'etos, nvperog, (F.) Fievre. One of the 
 most frequent and dangerous affections to which 
 the body is liable. A person has an- attack of 
 fever, when he is affected with rigors, followed by 
 increased heat of skin, quick pulse, languor, and 
 lassitude. Rigors, increased heat, and frequency 
 of pulse have each been assumed as the essential 
 character of fever. It is not characterized, how- 
 ever, by any one, but depends upon the coexist- 
 ence of many symptoms. Fevers have been usu- 
 ally divided into idiopathic or essential, and into 
 symptomatic. The idiopathic arise without any 
 obvious local cause. The symptomatic are de- 
 pendent upon local irritation. Idiopathic fevers 
 maybe divided into three classes: 1. Those at 
 tended with distinct paroxysms: — intermittents. 
 2. Remittent and continued fevers : and, .3. Fevers 
 complicated with eruptions, or the exanthema- 
 tous. These divisions admit of great variety, 
 owing to climate, season, soil, age, &o. All ages 
 and climates are liable to fever; and its exciting 
 
FEVER 
 
 388 
 
 FEVER 
 
 causes are very numerous. These causes may be 
 common; as irritations in the intestines; external 
 injuries, stimulants, &c. ; or they may be specific ; 
 as miasmata., contagion, &o. The greatest diver- 
 sity has prevailed regarding the theory of fever. 
 Its primary seat has been placed in the brain, 
 mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, 
 skin, nerves, blood-vessels, liver, vena cava, pan- 
 creas, &c. It would seem, however, that al- 
 though, in fever, the whole of the functions are 
 morbidly impressed, the arguments in favour of 
 the impression being first made on the nervous 
 system and the system of nutrition are the 
 strongest. The exciting cause of fever, whatever 
 it may be, produces an irregular action in the 
 system of nutrition, which is soon conveyed to the 
 rest of the system, owing to the extensive sym- 
 pathy which exists between every part of the 
 body ; and it is probable, that all those local in- 
 flammations and congestions are the consequence, 
 rather than the cause, of this disordered condi- 
 tion of the system. The general character of 
 fever is clearly shown by examination of the 
 blood. When fever is devoid of inflammatory 
 complication, the quantity of fibrin is in no case 
 augmented. It frequently remains in the healthy 
 proportion, and at times diminishes to an extent 
 not met with in any other acute disease. The 
 alteration of the blood in fevers, which consists 
 generally in a diminution of the fibrinous element, 
 is the reverse of what occurs in inflammation. 
 
 Many phenomena of fever are influenced by 
 that j>c?-?of/!'c(V?/, which we notice in the execution 
 of several of the functions of the body. The 
 types of intermittents are strong evidences of 
 such an influence. 
 
 In the treatment of fever, it is important to bear 
 in mind, 1. Its tendency, particularly in the case 
 of the exanthemata, to run a definite course, and 
 terminate in restoration to health. 2. The dispo- 
 sition to local determination or hyperaemiae : — 
 the most frequent cause of the fatal termination 
 of fever; a circumstance requiring the vigilant 
 attention of the physician. ,3. That the symp- 
 toms must be attentively studied, in order to de- 
 duce, as far as possible from them, the indications 
 of cure. Lastly, attention must be paid to the 
 prevalent epidemic. There are particular seasons 
 in which fevers are very malignant ; and others 
 in which they are as mild; circumstances which 
 necessarily have an effect upon the treatment. 
 
 Fever and Ague, Intermittent Fever — f. Ac- 
 climating, F. strangers.' 
 
 Fever, Ade'no-Menixge'al, Fehri^ ade'no- 
 meninge'a, seu mesenfer'ica (Baglivi,) seu muco'sa, 
 jlTorbns muco'sus, Gastro-d>iodenop'i/ra, Ifucom- 
 or Pitu'itoua or Catar'rhal Fev-er, Phlegmap'7/rci, 
 Phlegmop'yra, Phlegmatop'ijra, Gastro- Bronchi' - 
 tis. Fever, accompanied with considerable mu- 
 cous secretion; especially from the digestive 
 tube. 
 
 Feter, Adeno-Nervotjs, Plague. 
 
 Fever, Adynam'ic, Febris arh/nam'icn, Asthe- 
 nicop'yra, Asthenieopi/r'etiis, Asthenop'ora, Astke- 
 nopiyr'etuB. Fever attended with great prostra- 
 tion of the vital powers — as Typhoid and Typhus 
 fever. 
 
 Fever, Ap'rican, Fehria Africa' na. The ma- 
 lignant bilious remittent fever, which prevails on 
 the western coast of Africa, 
 
 Fever, Algid, see Algidus. 
 
 Fever, Anom'alous, Febris Anom'ala seu er- 
 rat'ica seu irregnla'ris seu vagi_i. A fever, whose 
 progress and type are irregular. 
 
 Fever, Aphon'ic, Febris apho'nica. A variety 
 of intermittent, in which the %-oice is lost during 
 the paroxysm. 
 
 Fever, Apoplec'tic, Febris apoplec'tica seu 
 'Mtnato'des seu lethar'gica seu soporo'sa, Com'a- 
 
 fose Fever. An intermittent or continued fever> 
 attended with apoplectic symptoms. 
 
 Fever, Articular Eruptive, Dengue — f. Ar- 
 ticular rheumatic. Dengue. 
 
 Fever, Artific"ial, Febris artificia'Us seu 
 arte pronio'ta. Fever produced designedly by 
 the internal or external use of stimulants. 
 
 Fever, Asthen'ic, Febris asthen'ica. Fever 
 accompanied with debility. It may include every 
 variety of fever under certain circumstances, but 
 is generally appropriated to typhus. 
 
 Fever, Asthmat'ic, Febris asthmat'icn. A 
 pernicious intermittent, accompanied with symp- 
 toms of asthma. 
 
 Fever, Ataxo-ADYNAm'ic, Febris atax'o-ady- 
 nam'ica. Fever characterized by symptoms of 
 ataxia and adynamia. 
 
 Fever, Barcelona, Fever, yellow — f. Bas- 
 tard, Illegitimate fever. 
 
 Fever, Btl'ious, Febris bilio'sa seu polychoV- 
 iea seu aso'des seu choler'ica seu gas'trica seu 
 hepat'ica seu cholepyret'iea, Cholep'yra, Cho- 
 lepyr'etns, Hepatogastrocholo'sis, Enterop'yra 
 bilio'sa, Choloze' mia febri'lis, Syn'ochtw bilio'sa. 
 The common remittent fever of summer and 
 autumn ; generally supposed to be owing to, or 
 connected with, derangement of the biliary system. 
 
 Fever, Bilious Remitting, Yellow, Fever, 
 yellow — f. Bladdery, Pemphigus. 
 
 Fever Blister. A term, vaguely applied to 
 vesicular or pustular eruptions, which appear 
 particularly about the mouth, during or after 
 febrile disturbance. 
 
 Fever, Boa Vista. A malignant bilious re- 
 mittent fever, greatly resembling yellow fever, 
 which was very fatal at Fernando Po, and in 
 ships in its waters, in the year 1845. 
 
 Fever, Bona. A malignant paludal fever, 
 which prevailed amongst the troops of the garri- 
 son at Bona in Algeria, from 1832 to 1835. 
 
 Fever, Bone, see Inflammation — f. Bouquet, 
 Dengue — f. Brain, F. cerebral, Phrenitis — f. 
 Brain, water. Hydrocephalus internus — f. Break- 
 bone, Dengue — f. Bucket, Dengue — f. Bulam, 
 Fever, yellow — f. Camp, Typhus gravior. 
 
 Fever, Cardial'gic, Febris Oardial'gica. A 
 variety of pernicious intermittent, accompanied 
 with violent cardialgia during the paroxysm. 
 
 Fever, Cardit'ic. Intermittent fever, accom- 
 panied with pain at the heart. 
 
 Fever, Ca.tarrhal, F. adeno-meningeal. 
 
 Fever, Cephalal'gic, Febris cephalal'gicn, 
 A pernicious intermittent, accompanied with in- 
 tense pain of the head. Also, intermittent ce- 
 phalalgia. 
 
 Fever, Cephal'ic, Febris cephal'ica. A fe- 
 brile affection of children — intermediate between 
 the acute form of active cerebral congestion and 
 the chronic form — • which is attended by fever, 
 pain in the head, disorder, or more generally 
 constipation of the bowels, and a train of pheno- 
 mena often supposed to be premonitory of an at- 
 tack of hydrocephalus. — Mauthner. 
 
 Fever, Cer'ebral, Brain fever. Fever, gene- 
 rally of an ataxic character, in which the brain is 
 considerably affected. 
 
 Fever, Chagres, Panama' Fever. A severe 
 form of endemic fever, common on the isthmus 
 of Panama. 
 
 Fever, Childbed, Fever, puerperal. Puerperal 
 Fever — f. Childbed, Low, see Peritonitis. 
 
 Fever, Chol'eric, Febris choler'ica, A va- 
 riety of pernicious intermittent, accompanied with 
 symptoms of cholera morbus. 
 
 Fever, Choleric, of Infants, Cholera in- 
 fantum. 
 
 Fever, Chronic, Febris chron'ica. Some au- 
 thors apply this name to protracted fevers ; others 
 to hectic fever. 
 
FEVER 
 
 389 
 
 FEVER 
 
 Fever, Colliq'uative, Fehris tab' Ida sen colU- 
 quaii'va. Fever, characterized by rapid ema- 
 ciation, copious evacuations, and rapid prostra- 
 tion of strength. 
 
 Fever, Comatose, F. apoplectic. 
 
 Fever, Coxges'tive, Fehris concjesti'va. Fe- 
 ver accompanied by obscure symptoms ; or by 
 great oppression and depression ; in -which it is 
 difficult — and often impossible — to induce reac- 
 tion. Congestive fevers occurs in various parts 
 of this country, especially in the fall; and they 
 are very common in India. The term congestive 
 fever is often used in some parts of the south of 
 the United States very indefinitely — to include 
 winter typhus, and typhoid fevers, typhoid pneu- 
 monia, as well as intermittents and autumnal re- 
 mittents. — Dickson. 
 
 Fever, Continent, see Continent and Con- 
 tinued fever— »-f. Continual, see Continued fever 
 — f. Continued, common, Synochus. 
 
 Fever, Convul'sive, Febri-s convuhi'va. A 
 pernicious intermittent or remittent, accompanied 
 by convulsions. 
 
 Fever, CouNTRy. Fever occasioned by ex- 
 posure to the miasms of a highly malarious soil. 
 A term much used in the Southern States. 
 
 Fever, Delir'ious, Fehris cum delir'io, (F.) 
 Fievre de.liranle. A pernicious intermittent, cha- 
 racterized by delirium in the paroxysms. 
 
 Fever, Dep'uratort, Fehris dejnu-ato' ria. 
 A fever, to which was attributed the property of 
 purif^'ing the blood: or which indicated, that 
 such a supposed depuration had occurred. 
 
 Fever, Diaphoret'ic, Fehris diaphoret'ica, 
 Fehris sudnto'ria. A pernicious intermittent, 
 with excessive sweating during the fit. 
 
 Fever, DfARV, Ephemera. 
 
 Fever, Diges'tive. The chilliness, followed 
 by increased heat and quickness of pulse, which 
 frequently accompanies digestion. 
 
 Fever, Dol'BLE, (F.) Fievre double ou douhlee. 
 An intermittent, which has two paroxysms in a 
 given time, instead of one. 
 
 Fever, Double-Quartan. A fever, whose 
 paroxysms occur two days in succession, and fail 
 the third day; the first paroxysm resembling the 
 4th, and the second the oth. 
 
 Fever, Double-Quotidian. An intermittent, 
 whose paroxysms return twice every day at cor- 
 responding hours. 
 
 Fever, Double-Tertian. An intermittent, 
 whose paroxysms return every day ; the first 
 corresponding with the 3d, the second with the 
 4th, and so on. 
 
 Fever, Duodec"i5IAne, Fehris duodecima'na. 
 A supposititious intermittent, whose paroxysms 
 recur on the 12th day, or every 11 days. 
 
 Fever. DrNA^nc, Synocha — f. Endemial, Re- 
 mittent F. — f. Endemic, Remittent F. — f. En- 
 demical, R,emittentF. — f. Enteric, see Typhus — 
 f. Ephemeral, Ephemera. 
 
 Fever, Epilep'tic, Fehris epileji'tica. A va- 
 riety of pernicious intermittent, accompanied 
 with attacks of epilepsy. 
 
 Fever, Erot'ic, Fehris erot'ica, (F.) Fievre 
 d'amoiir. A chronic fever, occasioned by unpro- 
 pitious love. 
 
 Fever, Errat'ic, see Erratic — f. Eruptive, 
 Exanthematica — f. Eruptive, articular. Dengue 
 — f. Exacerbating, Ptemittent Fever. 
 
 Fkver. Fainting, of Persia. A singular and 
 fatal epidemic, presenting some points of analogy 
 with cholera, which prevailed at Teheran in the 
 autumn of 1S42. 
 
 Fever, Five Day, see Relapse. 
 
 Fever, Gan'grenouS, Fehris gangrcBno'des. 
 Fever, accompanied by gangrene of various parts, 
 and especially of the limbs and genitals. Senac 
 describes an intermittent of this kind. 
 
 Fever, Gastral'gic. An intermittent accom- 
 panied with acute burning lacerating pain at the 
 stomach. 
 
 Fevee, Gastric, Fehris gas'trica seu gas'- 
 trica bilio'sa. Gastrop'yra, Gastropyr'etns, Gas- 
 trocholo'sis, Hepntogastrocholo'sis, Stomaeh'ic fe- 
 ver, Syn'ochus Bilio'sa, A name given by some 
 to bilious fever, which has appeared to them to 
 be dependent on an affection of the stomach. 
 Also, called Jifenin' go-gastric fever, Fehris me- 
 ningo-gns'trica, Ileiiiiigo-gastri'tis, Gastro-me- 
 niiigi'tis. Harvest fever, (F.) Fievre de la Mois- 
 soii, F. 2Ieningo-gastrique. 
 
 Fever, Gastro-Adyxa^i'ic, Fehris gastro- 
 adynam'ica. A fever, in which the symptoms 
 of bilious fever are joined with those of adynamic 
 fever. 
 
 Fever, Gastro-Angioten'io. A fever, in 
 which the symptoms of bilious are united with 
 those of inflammatery fever. 
 
 Fever, Gastro-Atax'ic. A fever, in which 
 the symptoms of bilious fever are united with 
 those of ataxic fever. 
 
 Fever, Gibraltar, Fever, yellow — f. Harvest, 
 F. Gastric — f. Hajmagastric, F. yellow. 
 
 Fever, H.5EJIOp'toic, Fehris Hmmopto'ica. A 
 variety of masked intermittent, in which periodi- 
 cal hfemoptysis is the chief symptom. 
 
 Fever, Hay, Catarr'hus cesti'vus, Summer Ca- 
 tarrh, Hay Asthma, Rose Catarrh, Summer Bron- 
 chi'tis. A catarrh to which certain persons are 
 subject in summer, and which has been ascribed 
 in England to the efiiuvium of hay, but this is 
 not the probable cause. It is a catarrh with 
 sneezing, headach, weeping, snufSing and cough, 
 with, at times, fever and general discomfort. It 
 is not uncommon in this country. It disappears 
 spontaneously, — to recur on subsequent years 
 about the same period. 
 
 Fever, Hebdoji'adal. A supposititious fever, 
 whose paroxysms return weekly, and on the same 
 day. 
 
 Fever, Hectic, see Consumption, and Hectic 
 Fever. 
 
 Fever, Hepat'ic or Hepatal'gic. A perni- 
 cious intermittent, with violent pain in the right 
 hypochondrium. 
 
 Fever, Hill. A modification of remittent, 
 occurring in the hin3" districts of India. 
 
 Fever, Hospital, Typhus gravior. 
 
 Fever, Hu'moral, Fehris humora'lis. Fever 
 in which an alteration or deterioration of the hu- 
 mours is suspected. 
 
 Fever, Hun'gary, Fehris Hungar'ica seu Pan- 
 non'ica. Lues Panuo'nicB, Morbus TJngar'ieus, 
 Cephalon'osus, Vermis cer'ebri, (F.) Fievre Hon- 
 groise ou de Hongrie. An epidemic typhus, com- 
 mon amongst the soldiers in barracks, in Hungary. 
 
 Fever. Hydrophob'ic, Febris hydrophoh'ica. 
 Pernicious intermittent, with dread of liquids. 
 
 Fever, Hyster'ic, Fehris hyster'ica. Hyste- 
 ria, accompanied by fever. Hysteria, occurring 
 with each paroyxsm of an intermittent. 
 
 Fever, Icter'ic, Fehris icter'ica. Fever, ac- 
 companied with jaundice. Some intermittents 
 exhibit this complication at each paroxysm. 
 
 Fever, Icteric, Rejiitting, see Relapse. 
 
 Fever, In'fantile PlEmit'tent, Fehris iiifaii'- 
 tum remit' tens, F. vermino'sa, (of many), F. muco'- 
 sa vermino'sa, F, lenta, Sp/nrious worm fever, Be- 
 mitting fever of children, Hec'tica infant'ilis. A 
 fever occurring in childhood, which often assumes 
 many of the characters of hydrocephalus. It ap- 
 pears generally to be dependent upon a morbid 
 condition of the stomach and bowels. 
 
 Fever, Inflajuiatory, Synocha. 
 
 Fever, Insid'ious. Fever, which, at first, 
 seems devoid of danger, but subsequently becomes 
 of a more or less malignant character. 
 
FEVER 
 
 390 
 
 FEVER 
 
 Fever, Intermittent, see Intermittent fever 
 — f. Jail, Typhus gravior — f. Jungle, see Jungle 
 fever. 
 
 Fever, Lake. Fever produced by exposure 
 to the malaria in the neighbourhood of the 
 northern lakes of this country. 
 
 Fever, Lenticular, Miliary fever — f. Irrita- 
 tive, Irritation, morbid. 
 
 Fever, Lo'chial, Fehris lochia'lis. That ac- 
 celeration of the circulation which sometimes 
 occurs during the discharge of the lochia. 
 
 Fever, Lung, Catarrh, Pneumonia. 
 
 Fever, Malis'nant, Febris malig'na. Fever 
 which makes its approaches insidiously, and sub- 
 sequently becomes formidable. Any fever which 
 exhibits a very dangerous aspect. Tyjihiis gra- 
 vior. 
 
 Fever, Malig'nant Pestilential, Fever, yel- 
 low — f. Marsh, Elodes (febris.) 
 
 Fever, Masked, Fehris larva'ta, (F.) Fiivre 
 larvee, Dead or Dumb Ague. An anomalous in- 
 termittent, the paroxysms of vphich have not the 
 regular stages, or are masked. 
 
 Fever, Meningo-gasthic, Fever gastric. 
 
 Fever, Mesenter'ic, Febris mesenter'ica. A 
 name given, by Baglivi, to a species of fever which 
 appears to have belonged either to the mucous or 
 bilious. 
 
 Fever, Milk, Febris lac' tea, (F.) Fiivre de 
 lait ou laiteuse ou lactee ; Galactop'yra, Galac- 
 topyr'etus. The fever which precedes or accom- 
 panies the secretion of milk in women recently 
 delivered. It comes on generally about the third 
 day after delivery, and is characterized by quick 
 pulse; increased heat; redness of face; diminu- 
 tion or temporary suspension of the lochial dis- 
 charge; tumefaction and tension of the breasts. 
 It commonly terminates in twenty-four hours, 
 and often with profuse perspiration. It requires 
 the use of antiphlogistics, with dry diet. 
 
 Fever, Mixed, Synochus — f. Mucous, F. ade- 
 no-meningeal. 
 
 Fever, Nephrit'ic, Febris nephrit'ica. Inter- 
 mittent fever, accompanied with nephritic pain 
 during the paroxysm. 
 
 Fever, Nervous, Febris nervo'sa seu neuro'- 
 des seu lenta nervo'sa, Neurop'i/ra, Neurnpyr'- 
 etus. A variety of Typhus; the Typhus mitior 
 of Cullen. By many, however, it is esteemed a 
 distinct disease. See Typhoid fever. 
 
 Fever, Nervous, with Exanthematous 
 Eruption, Typhus. 
 
 Fever, Neuralgic, Dengue. 
 Fever, Niger. A malignant fever, of the 
 bilious remittent kind, which proved fatal to 
 many in the expeditions sent out by the British 
 government to explore the Niger, in the years 
 1841-42, and previously. 
 
 Fever, Non'ane, Febris nona'na. A supposi- 
 titious fever, whose paroxysms recur every ninth 
 day, or every eight days. 
 
 Fever, Oc'tane, Fehris oeta'na. An intermit- 
 tent, whose paroxysms recur every eighth day. 
 
 Fever, Paeudal, Intermittent — f. Panama, 
 Fever, Chagres — f. Paroxysmal, Remittent fever 
 — f. Periodic, Intermittent. 
 
 Fever, Period'ical, Febris period' tea. An 
 intermittent or remittent fever. 
 
 Fever, Pernic"ious, Fehris pernicio'sa. In- 
 termittent fever, when attended with great dan- 
 ger, and vyhich destroys the majority of those 
 affected by it in the first four or five paroyxsms ; 
 sometimes in the very first. 
 
 Fever, Pestilen'tial, Febris pestilentia'lis. 
 The Plague. Also a severe case of typhus. The 
 yellow fever and sweating sickness have, like- 
 wise, been thus designated. 
 
 Fever, Pestilential, of Cattle, Murr — f. 
 Pituitous, F. adeno-meningeal. 
 
 Fever, Pleurit'ic. An intermittent or re- 
 mittent, accompanied with inflammation of the 
 pleura. 
 
 Fever, Pneumon'ic, Fehris pneumon'ica. An 
 intermittent, accompanied with inflammation of 
 the lungs. Also, pneumonia. 
 
 Fever Poison, see Poison — f. Pseudo, Irrita- 
 tion, morbid. 
 
 Fever, Vv'En'T>Y.UK'L,Fehrispuerpera'lis, Child- 
 bed fever, (F.) Fievre puerperale. This name 
 has been given to several acute diseases, su- 
 pervening on delivery. It means, generally, a 
 malignant variety of peritonitis, which runs its 
 course very rapidly, and passes into a typhoid 
 condition, unless met, at the very onset, by the 
 most active depleting measures. By the gene- 
 rality of practitioners, it is esteemed to be emi- 
 nently contagious; some, however, deny that it 
 is so. See Peritonitis, and Puerparal fever. 
 
 Fever, Puerperal Adynamic or Malignant, 
 see Peritonitis — f. Puking, Milk sickness. 
 
 Fever, Vv'RVh^fiT, Febris purulen'ta. Fever, 
 which accompanies suppuration. 
 Fever, Putrid, T3'phus gravior. 
 Fever, Quintan, Febris quintn'na. A fever, 
 whose paroxysms return every fifth day. It is 
 seen rarely, or never. 
 
 Fever, Quotidian, see Quotidian — f. Red 
 Tongue, see Typhus. 
 
 Fever, Reg'ular, Febris regula'ris seu ex- 
 quisi'ta. An intermittent whose paroxysms fol- 
 low a determinate type. It is opposed to atypic. 
 Sometimes opposed to anomalous. 
 Fever, Relapsing, see Relapse. 
 Fever, Remittent, see Remittent Fever — f. 
 Remittent, Bilious, see Relapse — f. Remittent, in- 
 fantile, see Fever, infantile remittent — f. Remit- 
 tent of children, F. infantile remittent — f Remit- 
 ting icteric, see Relapse — f. Rheumatic, Rheuma- 
 tism, acute — f. Pioot, Triosteum perfoliatum. 
 
 Fever, Scorbu'tic, Fehris seorbu'tiea. The 
 febrile movement, which sometimes accompanies 
 scorbutus or scurvy. 
 
 Fever, Seasoning, F., strangers'. 
 Fever, Sec'ondarv. Afebrile condition which 
 recurs in certain affections after having ceased; 
 such as the secondary fever, which comes on at 
 the time of the maturation of the variolous 
 pustules, or as the eruption of scarlatina, &e., 
 disnppears. 
 
 Fever, Septan, Fehris septa'na. An inter- 
 mittent, whose paroxysms recur every six days, 
 and consequently on the seventh. 
 Fever, Seven Day, see Relapse. 
 Fever, Sextan, Febris sexta'na. A fever, 
 which recurs every live days, and consequently 
 on the sixth. 
 
 Fever, Ship, see Typhus. 
 
 Fever, Simple, Fehris Siniple.v. Simple fever 
 is that which has no predominant character — 
 bilious, inflammatory, or nervous; and which is 
 unaccompanied by any local determination, hy- 
 peraemia, or complication. It may be continued, 
 remittent, or intermittent. 
 
 Fever, Simple Continued. This is the most 
 fevourable form of continued fever, and has a 
 tendency to wear itself out, provided only the 
 Icedentia be avoided. The prognosis is conse- 
 quently favourable, and the treatment simple 
 consisting in perfect repose of body and mind, 
 abstinence, and relieving the thirst by cold 
 drinks. 
 
 Fever, Singul'tous, Febris singulto'sa seu 
 lygmo'dcs seu lyngo'des. Fever, accompanied 
 with singultus or hiccough. 
 
 Fever, Solar, Dengue — f. Spotted, Typhus 
 gravior. 
 
 Fever, Stek'coral, Fehris stereor a' lis. Fever, 
 
FEVER 
 
 391 
 
 FIBRES, CONVERGING 
 
 produced by an accumulation of fasces in tlie in- 
 testines. 
 
 Fever, Stomachic, Gastric Fever. 
 Fever, Strangers', Accli'mnting or Sea' soning 
 fever. Yellow, or remittent fever, which is en- 
 demic in certain places, and to which strangers 
 are especially liable. 
 
 Fever, Sitbcontinhal, Remittent Fever. 
 
 Fever, Subix'trant, Fehris subiu' trans. An 
 intermittent, in which one paroxysm is scarcely 
 finished before the other begins. 
 
 Fever, Sun, Dengue — f. Sweating, Sudor An- 
 glicus. 
 
 Fever, Syn'copal, Fehris syncojirt'lis seu mi- 
 nu'ta, (F.) Fievre syncopnle. A variety of per- 
 nicious intermittent, in which there is, in every 
 paroxysm, one or more faintings. 
 
 Fever, Synochoid, Synochus. 
 
 Fever, Syphilit'ic, Fehris syjyhilit'ica. Fever, 
 accompanying syphilis, or supposed to be owing 
 to a syphilitic taint. 
 
 Fever, Ter'tian, Fehris tertia'na. A fever, 
 whose paroxysm returns on the third day, and 
 consequently every two days. 
 
 Fever, Third Day, Tertian. 
 
 Fever, Trag"ic, Fehris Trag"ica. A low 
 fever, in which the patient declaims like an actor 
 during the delirium. 
 
 Fever, Tkaumat'ic, Fehris trainnat'ica. The 
 fever, which supervenes on wounds or great sur- 
 gical operations. 
 
 Fever, Trembling, Intermittent fever — f. Ty- 
 phoid, see Typhus — f. Typhoid, of India, Cholera 
 — f. Typhous, Typhus — f. Varicellar, see Vario- 
 loid — f. Varioloid, see Varioloid. 
 
 Fever, Ver'minous, Fehris vermino'sa, Hel- 
 niintliop'yra, Worm fever. Fever, produced by 
 the presence of worms in the digestive tube, or 
 accompanied by their expulsion. 
 
 Fever, Vernal, Fehris verna'lis. An inter- 
 mittent or other fever occurring in the spring. 
 Vernal intermittents were formerly considered 
 salubrious. 
 
 "An ague in the sprin; 
 Is physic for a king." 
 
 Fever, Vesicular, Pemphigus. 
 
 Fever, Wal'cheren, Gall-sickness. The re- 
 mittents and intermittents to which the British 
 troops were exposed, who were attached to the 
 expedition to Walcheren, in 1809. 
 
 Fever, Water Brain, Hydrocephalus inter- 
 nus — f. Winter, see Tongue, black —f. Worm, 
 Verminous F. — f. Worm, spurious. Fever, infan- 
 tile remittent. 
 
 Fever, Yellow, Fehris flava, F. sou Pestis 
 America'na, F. flava Americano' rum, F. trop'ica, 
 F. contin'ua pn'trida ictero'des Carolinien'sis, F. 
 elo'des ictero'des, F. malig'na hilio'sa Amer'iccB, 
 F. malig'na flava Indim Occidenta'lis, F. tox'ica, 
 Gholo'sis America'na, Ochroty'phus, Loimocholo'- 
 sis, Pestilen'tia hamagas'trica, Pestis occidenta'- 
 lis seu intertrop'ica, Vom'itus niger, Fpan'etiis 
 malig'nusflavus, Remitt'ens ictero'des, Tritaoph'ya i 
 America'na, Typhus ictero'des, Oehro]}' yra, Syn'- ' 
 ochns ictero'des, Ende'mial Causus of the West 
 Indies, Causus trop'icus endem'icus. Bilious re- 
 mitting yellow fever, Malignant pestiUnticd fever, 
 Figure jaune d'Amerique, F, matelote, F. gastro- 
 adynamique, F. de la Barhade, F. de Siam, F. 
 Jcterique, F. Gastrn-hepatique, Typhus miasnia- 
 tique ataxiqne puiride jaune, T. jaune, T. d'Anie- 
 rique, Vo?ni.to prieto, Vomito -negro, llal de Siam, 
 Hmmagas' trie Fever or Pes'tilence, Black vomit, 
 Bulam,Gibral'tar and Barcelo' na Fever, — vulg., in 
 the West Indies, JIfulot'to Jack and Yellow Jack. 
 A very acute and dangerous febrile affection ; so 
 called, because complicated, in its second stage, 
 with a jaundiced appearance, accompanied by 
 vomiting of black matter. Sauvages, Cullen, and 
 
 others regard it as a variety of typhus ; and Pinel, 
 as a species of gastro-adynamic, or bilious putrid 
 fever. It occurs, endemically, only within the tro- 
 pics ; but it has been met with epidemically in the 
 temperate regions. Broussais regards the disease 
 as gastro-enteritis, exasperated by atsiospheric 
 heat; so that it runs through its stages with 
 much greater rapidity than the gastro-enteritis 
 of our climates. The yellow colour of the skin, 
 according to him, is owing to the inflammation 
 of the small intestine, — and especially of the duo- 
 denum, — augmenting the secretion of the liver, 
 and at the same time preventing its discharge 
 into the duodenum. The pathology of this affec- 
 tion, as well as its origin, is still unsettled. The 
 treatment must generally be of the most active 
 nature at the onset; consisting in bleeding largely, 
 and exhibiting mercury, so as to excite a new 
 action, if possible ; — the other symptoms being 
 combated according to general principles. It 
 must vary, however, according to the epidemic. 
 
 Fever, Yellow, Mild, see Relapse. 
 
 FEVERBUSH, Laurus benzoin, Prinos. 
 
 FEVER DROPS, WARBURG'S, see Bebeeru. 
 
 FEVERET, Febricula. 
 
 FEVERFEW, Matricaria. 
 
 FEVERFOUILLIE, Matricaria. 
 
 FE'VERISII, Fe'verous, Feb'riens, Fehrico'sus, 
 (F.) Fievreux, from fehris, 'fever.' That which 
 causes fever or is fehrifa'cient or febrif'ic ; as 
 feverish food, feverish diathesis, <fec. Also, the 
 state of one labouring under fever, Feversick. 
 If affected with intermittent fever, he is said to 
 be a'garified in Suffolk, England. 
 
 FE'VERISHNESS, Fehricita'tio, Fehriculos'- 
 ity. The state of having fever. A slight febrile 
 disorder. 
 
 FEVEROUS, Feverish. 
 
 FEVERROOT, Pterospara andromedea. 
 
 FEVERSICK, see Feverish. 
 
 FEVERTREE, Pinckneya pubens. 
 
 FEVERWOOD, Laurus benzoin. 
 
 FEVERAVORT, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Tri- 
 osteum. 
 
 FEWS, Sempervivum tectorum. 
 
 FEY, Psychorages. 
 
 FEYK. Fidgets. 
 
 FIBER, Castor fiber. 
 
 FIBRA, Fibre — f. Aurea, Coptis — f. Nervea, 
 Nerve-fibre — f. Sanguinis, Fibrin. 
 
 FIBR^ ARCIFORMES, see Arciform. 
 
 FIBRE, Fihra, Is, Ctedon, Filum. An organic 
 filament, of a solid consistence, and more or less 
 extensible, which enters into the composition of 
 every animal and vegetable texture. The simj^jle 
 or elementary fibre of the ancients, from a parti- 
 cular assemblage and arrangement of which every 
 texture of the body was conceived to be consti- 
 tuted, seems entirely ideal. The moderns usuiilly 
 admit, with Haller and Bhimenbach, tliree ele- 
 mentary fibres or tissues. 1. The cellular or laiui- 
 nated, formed chiefly of thin plates, of a whitish 
 colour and extensible, which seems to consist of 
 concrete gelatin. 2. The nervous, pidpy, or med'- 
 idlary, formed of a soft substance, contained in 
 a cellular sheath, and consisting of albumen 
 united to a fatty matter. .3. The muscular, com- 
 posed of round filaments, of a grayish or reddish 
 colour, and formed of fibrin. Chaussierhas added 
 to these the cdhvgineous fibre, but it seems to 
 differ from the cellular fibre only in greater con- 
 densation of the molecules. See Fibrous. 
 
 A very small or ultimate fibre is called a Fibril, 
 Fibril'la. 
 
 Fibre, Albugineous, see Albuginea. 
 
 FIBRE LISSE, see Muscular fibre—/. Striee, 
 see Muscular fibre. 
 
 FIBRES, CONVERG"ING. Nervous fibres, 
 whose office it is to associate different portions 
 
FIBREUX 
 
 392 
 
 FICUS 
 
 of the nervous centres with each other. They 
 form the Commissures. 
 
 Fibres, Divbrg"ing. The fibres composing the 
 columns of the medulla oblongata, which separate 
 in their progress to the periphery of the cerebrum 
 and cerebellum. — -Gall and Spurzheim. 
 
 Fibres of Remak. Fibres described by Remak 
 as peculiar to the sympathetic nerve, but which 
 Valentin considers to be neurilemma, and to con- 
 sist of fibro-eellular bundles. 
 
 FIBREUX, Fibrous. 
 
 FIBRIL, see Fibre. 
 
 FIBRILLA, Fibril — f. Muscularis, Muscular 
 fibre. 
 
 FI'BRILLAR, Fihrilla'ris. Relating or apper- 
 taining to fibrils. 
 
 FIBRILLA'TION, Fihrilla'tio. The forma- 
 tion of fibrils. 
 
 FI'BRIN or Fib'rin, Fibrine, Fibri'na, Fi- 
 hfi'ne,Fibra aan'gnhiis, Mate,' ria fihro' sa , Li/m2}ha 
 plas'tica, Matiere Jihreusednsavg. An immediate 
 a.nimal principle — solid, white, and inodorous; 
 insipid; heavier than water; without action on 
 the vegetable blues; elastic, when moist; hard 
 and brittle when dry. It enters into the compo- 
 sition of the chyle and the blood, and forms the 
 chief piirt of the muscles of red-blooded animals. 
 Muscular fibrin, Syntonin, Musculin, has been 
 shown, however, to be different from that of the 
 blood. In certain diseased actions. Fibrin or 
 Coagnlable lymph, gluten, is separated from the 
 blood, and is found in considerable quantity on 
 the surfaces of membranes, and in the cavities of 
 the body. See Liquor Sanguinis. 
 
 Fibrin is likewise a proximate principle of 
 vegetables, and differs but little in chemical com- 
 position from animal fibrin ; nor does it difi'er 
 much from albumen and casein. 
 
 Fibrin is very nutritious. 
 
 PIBRINA'TION, Fibrina'tio. The act of 
 adding fibrin to the blood. The opposite to defi- 
 hrinntinn. 
 
 FIB'RINOUS, Fibrino'sus, (F.) Fibrinenx. 
 That which is composed of fibrin, or has the ap- 
 pearance of fibrin. 
 
 FIBRO. In composition, appertaining or re- 
 lating to fibrous tissue. 
 
 FIBRO-AREOLAR, Fibro-cellular. 
 
 FIBRO-BRONCHITIS. Fibrous or rheumatic 
 inflammation of the bronchial tubes. 
 
 FIBRO-CAR'TILAGE, Fibro-cartila'go. An 
 organic tissue, partaking of the nature of the 
 fibrous tissue, and of that of cartilage. It is 
 dense, resisting, elastic, firm, supple, and flexible. 
 Fibro-eartilages are distinguished into, — 1. 3fem- 
 braniform, or those which serve as moulds to cer- 
 tain parts, as the alee nasi and eyelids. 2. Vagi- 
 nifarm, or those which form sheaths for the 
 sliding of tendons. 3. Interarticular, those which 
 are met with in the movable artieula?tions. 4. 
 Uniting. (F.) Fibro-cnrtilages d'union, which form 
 a junction between two bones, as the symphysis 
 pubis. Fibro-cartilages are sometimes formed 
 adventitiously, as the result of a morbid process 
 in different organs. 
 
 Fibro-Cartilages, Tarsal, see Tarsus. 
 
 Fibro-Cartilagixes Intertebtebrales, In- 
 tervertebral cartilages. 
 
 FIBRO-CELL'ULAR, Fibro-cellula'ris, Fibro- 
 are'olar, Fihro-areola'ris. That which partakes 
 of the fibrous and of the cellular tissue, as the 
 fascia transversalis. 
 
 Fibro-Cellular Tumour, Tumour, fibro-cel- 
 lular. 
 
 FIBROMA, Tumour, fibrous. 
 
 FIBRO-MUCOUS, Fibro-muco'sm, (F.) Fibro- 
 muqueux. Possessing the nature of fibrous and 
 of mucous membranes. A term applied to 
 fibrous membranes, which are intimately united 
 
 with other membranes of a mucous nature, as 
 the pituitary inembrane, the membrane of the 
 urethra, &c. 
 
 'FlBRO-'PLASTIC,Fibro-plas'ticus, {1^.} Fibro- 
 plastique, from fibra, ' fibre,' and n-Aacro-w, 'I form.' 
 An epithet for a morbid formation, constituted of 
 the elements of areolar tissue transformed, in 
 part, into fibre. — Lebert. 
 
 Fibro-Plastic Tumour, Sarcoma. 
 
 FIBRO-SEROUS, Fibro-sero'sus, (F.) Fibro- 
 sereux. Possessing the nature of fibrous and 
 serous membranes. Membranes, composed of a 
 fibrous, and a serous sheet. Intimately united: — 
 as the Dura Hater, Peiicardimn, Tunica albu- 
 ginea testis, &c. 
 
 FIBROID, Fibrous, Tumour, fibrous. 
 
 FI'BROUS, Fibro'sus, Fibroid, (F.) Fibreux. 
 Composed of fibres. Certain membranes, as the 
 dura mater, periosteum, ligamentous capsules of 
 the joints, &c., are fibrous. The fibrous si/stem 
 of Biohat includes the system of organs formed 
 by the albugineous fibre of Chaussier. It com- 
 prises, particularly, the periosteum and perichon- 
 drium : the articular capsules and ligaments ; the 
 tendons; the dura mater, pericardium, tunica 
 sclerotica, tunica albuginea testis, outer mem- 
 brane of the spleen, &c. Under simple fibrous 
 tissues, TelcB fibro'scB, certain writers have classed 
 the white and yelloio fibrous tissues, and areolar 
 tissue. Both the yellow and the white may be 
 detected in the areolar tissue. The white is said 
 to exist alone in ligaments, tendons, fibrous mem- 
 branes, aponeuroses, &c. The ?/eZ/oi(j, (F.) 7'issH 
 jaune, exists separately in the middle coat of the 
 arteries, the chordae vocales, ligamentum nuchoe 
 of quadrupeds, Ac. It differs from the white in 
 possessing a high degree of elasticity, owing to 
 the presence of a distinct principle, called by MM. 
 Robin and Verdeil, elasticine. 
 
 Fibrous Growth, Tumour, fibrous — f. Matter 
 of the Brain, see Cerebrum — f. Membranes, see 
 Membranes, fibrous. 
 
 FIB'ULA, (for Figibnla [?] h-omfigo, 'to fix,') 
 Cruris ra'dius, Canna minor, Os per'oiie, Pero- 
 ne'um, Foc"ile minus. Sura, Arun'do minor, Fist'- 
 nla Cruris, Tib'ia min'ima, Os tib'icB minus. Spell- 
 bone, 'a clasp.' The splinter bone of the leg. 
 (F.) Perone. The long, small bone, situate at 
 the outer part of the leg. The superior or tibial 
 extremity of the fibula is rounded and forms the 
 caput or head. It is articulated with the tibia. 
 Its inferior or tarsal extremity is broader than 
 the superior. It is articulated with the tibia and 
 astragalus, and forms the malleolus externus or 
 outer ankle by means of its coronoid process. 
 The body of the bone has three faces, having 
 more or less prominent edges. It is separated 
 from the tibia by the interosseous space, and is 
 developed by three points of ossification ; one at 
 the body, and one at each extremity. It prevents 
 the foot from turning outwards. 
 
 FIBULaD, see Fibular aspect. 
 
 FIBULAR, Peroneal. 
 
 FiBifLAR Aspect. An aspect towards the side 
 on which the fibula is situated. — Barclay, Fib'- 
 idad is used by the same writer adverbially, to 
 signify 'towards the fibular aspect.' 
 
 FIBULATIO, Infibulatio. 
 
 FIO, Ficus. 
 
 FTGAIRE, Ranunculus fiearia. 
 
 FICARIA, Scrophularia aquatica — f. Commu- 
 nis, Ranunculus fiearia — f. Ranunculoides, Ra- 
 nunculus fiearia — f. Verna, Ranunculus fiearia. 
 
 FICATIO, Ficus. 
 
 FICICION, Physician. 
 
 FICOSA EMINENTIA, Ficus. 
 
 FICUS, Syce, Sy'cea, Sycum, Syoo'sis, Syco'- 
 ma, Fica'tio, Fico'sus Tumor, Fico'sa eminen'tia, 
 Maris'ca, (F.) Fio. A fleshy excrescence, often 
 
FIDERIS 
 
 393 
 
 FILTRATION 
 
 soft and reddish, sometimes hard and scirrhous, 
 hanging by a peduncle, or formed like a fig; 
 occurring on the eyelids, chin, tongue, anus, or 
 organs of generation. The fiei seated on the 
 last-mentioned parts are generally of a syphilitic 
 character. 
 
 Ficus, P. Carica. 
 
 FiCDS Cak'iCA, F. vulija'ria seu commu'iiis. 
 The systematic name of the fig tree : (F.) Figuier. 
 Old. Urticace*. Carica, Ficus, Syce, avK>i, (F.) 
 Figue: the fig — is a pleasant fruit when ripe: 
 as well as when dried in the state in which it is 
 found in the shops — Ficus, (Ph. U. S.) It is 
 used, at times, in place of a cataplasm; especially 
 in gum-boils. 
 
 FiciTs Communis, F. Carica — f. Indias grana. 
 Coccus cacti — f. Indica, Musa paradisiaca, see 
 Caoutchouc, Carica papaya, and Lacca — f. Reli- 
 giosa, see Lacca. 
 
 FIDERIS, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 waters, in the Canton of the Grisons, are strong, 
 acidulous, and alkaline, and possess all the vir- 
 tues of the class. 
 
 FIDGETS. Of doubtful etymology. Dys- 
 2)}ior'ia simplex, D. nervo'sa, Erethis' miis simplex, 
 Tituha'tio, Creepers, (Sc.) Feyk, (F.) Fretillement. 
 General restlessness and troublesome uneasiness 
 of the nerves and muscles, with increased sensi- 
 bility, and inability of fixing the attention, ac- 
 companied with a perpetual desire of changing 
 the position. See Agacement des Nerfs. 
 
 FIDICINALES, Lumbricales manus. 
 
 FIE, Psychorages. 
 
 FIEL, Bile—/, c/e Boeuf, Bile of the ox—/. 
 de Terre, Fumaria. 
 
 FIELDWEED, Anthemis cotula, Erigeron 
 Philadelphicum. 
 
 FIENTE, Fimus. 
 
 FIEVRE, Fever—/. d'Acees, Intermittent 
 fever — -/. Adynamique, Typhus — /. Ahjide, see 
 Algidus — /. d' Amour, Fever, erotic — /. Aiigeio- 
 tenique, Syuocha — /. Annuelle, see Annual Dis- 
 eases — /. Ardent, Ardent fever, Sj'nocha — /. 
 Ataxique, Typhus — /. de la Barhade, Fever, 
 yellow — /. Bidleuse, Pemphigus — /. des Camps, 
 Typhus gravior — /. Catarrhale, Catnrrh — /. Ca- 
 tarrhale epidemique, Influenza — /. Cerebrale, Ce- 
 rebral fever—/. Cerebrale des Enfans, Hydroce- 
 phalus internus — /. Cer^hm-spinal, Meningitis, 
 cerebro-spinal— /. Ckolerique, Choleric fever — 
 /. de Consomption, see Consumption — /. Coiiti- 
 nente iitflammatoire, Synocha — /. Delirante, 
 Fever, delirious — /. Double, Fever, double — f. 
 Doubles, Fever, double — /. Entero-mesenterique, 
 Typhoid fever — /. Ephemere, Ephemera ^ — •/. 
 Etique, Hectic fever — /. Gastro-adynamique, 
 Fever, yellow — -f. Oastro-hepatique, Fever, yellow 
 — f. Hectique, Hectic fever — -f. de Eour/rie, Fever, 
 Hungarie — ;/'. d' Hopital, Typhus gravior — /. /e- 
 terique. Fever, yellow — /. Ivjlammatoire, Synocha 
 — /. IiitermiUente, Intermittent fever — /. Inter- 
 mittente paludeenne, see Elodes — /. Irritative, 
 Synocha — /. Jaune d'Amerique, Fever, yellow — 
 /. Lactee, Fever, milk—/, de Lait, Fever, milk — 
 /. Laiteuse, Fever, milk — /. Larvee, Fever, 
 masked — ■/. Lenticulaire, Typhus gravior — / du 
 Levant, Plague — /. des Jfarais, Intermittent 
 fever — f. Maremmatique, see Elodes — f. 3fatelote, 
 Fever, yellow — /. Ileningo-gastrique, Fever, gas- 
 tric — f. jifesenteriqne, see Typhus — f. y.e la Muis- 
 son, Fever, gastric — /. Iforbillense, Rubeola — /. 
 Nerveuse, Typhus mitior — /. Nosocomi<tle, Typhus 
 gravior — f. Ortiee, Urticaria — f. Oscitarite, Osci- 
 tant fever — /. Paludeenue, see Elodes — f. Pirio- 
 dique. Intermittent fever — /. Peripneumonique, 
 Pneumonia — /. Perniciense delirante, see Deli- 
 rious — •/ Pleuretique, Pleurisy — /. des Prisons, 
 Typhus gravior — /. Pneumonique, Pneumonia — 
 
 /. Pourpree, Scarlatina — /. Puerpercde, Fever, 
 puerperal, see Peritonitis — f. Quarte, Quartan — 
 /. Quotidienne, Quotidian — /. d Hechiite, see 
 Relapse — /. liemittente, Remittent fever — /. 
 Rhumatismale, Rheumatism, acute — /. Rovye, 
 Roseolse, Scarlatina- — /. Scnguine, Synocha — /. 
 Semitierce, ilemitrita3a — /. de Sia7}i, Fever, yel- 
 low — f. Suante, Sudor Picardicus — /. Syncopate, 
 see Fever syncopal, and Syncopal — /. Tierce, 
 Tertian fever—/. Typho'ide, see Typhus—/. Vesi- 
 cidaire, Pemphigus. 
 
 FIjSVREUX, Feverish. 
 
 FIG, see Ficus carica — f. Indian, Cactus 
 opuntia. 
 
 FIGUE, see Ficus carica. 
 
 FIGUIER, Ficus carica—/. d' Inde, Cactus 
 opuntia. 
 
 FIGURA VENOSA, Circulus venosus. 
 
 FIGURATIO, Imagination. 
 
 FIGURE, Countenance. 
 
 FIGURE, (F.) An epithet for a compressive 
 bandage, applied over the head after bleeding 
 from the frontal vein. It has also been called 
 bandage royal. 
 
 FIGWORT, Scrophularia nodosa — f. ATater, 
 greater, Scrophularia aquatica. 
 
 FILACEOUS, Filamentous. 
 
 FILA NERVEA, Nerve-fibres— f. Spermatica, 
 Spermatozoa. 
 
 FILA IRE DE ME DINE, Dracun cuius. 
 
 FIL'AMENT, Filum, Filamen'tum, from Jiliim, 
 'a thread.' This word is used synonymously 
 with fibril; thus, we say, a nervous or cellular 
 filament or fibril. Also, the glairy, thread-like 
 substance which forms in the urine in some dis- 
 eases, and which depends on a particular secre- 
 tion from the mucous membrane of the urinary 
 passages. 
 
 FILAMEN'TOUS, Filamento'sus. Filaceous; 
 threadlike; filiform. Same etymon. Containing 
 threadlike substances, as the tttnica filamentosa 
 or decidua: — Filamentous urine; urine contain- 
 ing threadlike substances. 
 
 FILAMENTUIVI, Frfenum. 
 
 FILARIA GUIXEENSIS, Dracunculus — f. 
 Hominis bronchialis, see Worms — f. Medinensis, 
 Dracunculus — f. Oculi, see AVorms. 
 
 FILBERT, Corylus avellana. 
 
 FILE, DENTAL, Lima dentaria. 
 
 FILELLUM, Frifinum. 
 
 FILET {DE LA LANGUE), Frsenum— /. de 
 la Verge, Frsenum penis — /. Operation du, see 
 Frasnum. 
 
 FILETUM, Frsenum linguas. 
 
 FILICULA, Polypodium filix mas— f. Dulcis, 
 Polj'podium vulgare. 
 
 FIL'IFORM, Fltiform'is, frnmfibnn, 'a thread,' 
 and/or?Ha, 'form.' Having the shape of a thread ; 
 as the "fili/onn papilla? of the tongue;" a '^fili- 
 form pulse." See Papillee. 
 
 FILING, Limatio. 
 
 FILIPENDULA, Spirtea filipendula. 
 
 FILIUS ANTE PATREM, Tussilago. 
 
 FILIX FCEMINEA, Pteris aquilina — f. Flo- 
 rida, Osraunda regalis — f. Mas, Polypodium fills 
 mas — f Non ramosa dentata. Polypodium filix mas 
 — f. Nymphiea, Pteris aquilina — f. Pinnata, Poly- 
 podium filix mas — f. Veneris, Adiantum pedatum. 
 
 FILLE, Girl. 
 
 FILLET, Fascia, Laqueus— f. of the Corpus 
 Callosum, GjTus fornieatus. 
 
 FILLING. A term employed in dentistry foi 
 the operation of stuffing the cavity of a carious 
 tooth with some indestructible su I stance, to pre- 
 vent the access of extraneous i-atters — Odonto- 
 plero'sis. See Plu^-ging. 
 
 FILTRA'T10N,>)7/r«V/o, Pcrmla'tio, E'thi- 
 sis, Ethis'mus. Same etymon a:, the next. A 
 
FILTRUM 
 
 394 
 
 FISTULA 
 
 pharmaceutical operation, whicli consists in pass- 
 ing a fluid through a filter or strainer, for the 
 purpose of clarifying it. In ancient physiology, 
 it meant the action by which the different hu- 
 mours of the body are separated from the mass 
 of the blood. 
 
 FILTRUM. A filter. (F.) Filtre ; — hom 
 feutre, 'felt Or fulled cloth,' which was used to 
 form it. Any porous material; such as sand, 
 some kinds of freestone, powdered charcoal, 
 pounded glass, flannel, unsized pa/ie?-, &c., through 
 which a fluid is passed for the purpose of sepa- 
 rating it from the matters suspended in it. 
 
 FILUM, Filament — f. Musculare, Muscular 
 fibre — f. Tasniaforme, Tffiniola. 
 
 FiLUJf Termina'le. a slender ligament, pro- 
 longed from the nervous sheath, formed by the 
 spinal pia mater, which descends through the 
 centre of the cauda equina, and is attached to 
 the dura mater, lining the canal of the coccyx. 
 
 FIM'BRIA, Parar'ma. A band, a fringe; as 
 the fimbria or fimbriated or fringed extremity of 
 the Fallopian tube. 
 
 FIM'BRIA CARNOS^ COLI, Appendiculse 
 pinguedinosas — f. Tubarum Fallopii, see Tube, 
 Fallopian. 
 
 FIMBRIATED, see Fimbria. 
 
 FIMUS, Bor'borus, Onthus, Stercus. (F.) 
 Fiente. Dung, excrement. 
 
 Fnrus seu Stercus An'seris, Goose-dung, was 
 applied as a poultice to the feet in malignant 
 fever. See Chenocoprus. 
 
 FlMUS Eqiji'nus, Stercus eqni non castra'tu 
 Stone horse-dung was once thought antipleuritic. 
 
 Furus Vacc^, Coio-dung, was employed as a 
 cata])lasm, especially in gout. 
 
 FINCKLB, Anethum. 
 
 FINGER, Digitus — f. Middle, Medius digitus 
 — f. Ring, Annular finger — f. Stall, Digitale. 
 
 FINIS ASPER^ ARTERIiE, Larynx. 
 
 FIOLE, Phiala. 
 
 FIPPL-H, Lip, under. 
 
 FIR, BALSAM, Pinus balsamea. 
 
 Fir-Moss, Upright, Lycopodiura selago. 
 
 Fir, Scotch, Pinus sylvestris — f. Spruce, Nor- 
 way, Pinus ahies. 
 
 Fir Tree, Silver, European, Pinus picea. 
 
 Fir, Yew-leaved, Pinus abies. 
 
 FIRE DAMP, Hydrogen, carburetted— f. Per- 
 sian, Anthracion — f. St. Anthony's, Erysipelas. 
 
 Fire Weed, Erechthites hieraoifolia, Senecio. 
 
 FIRING, Cauterization. 
 
 FIRST INTENTION, see Intention. 
 
 FISHSKIN, Ichthyosis. 
 
 FISH-TONGUE. {¥.) Langue de Carjye. An 
 instrument — so called from its shape — used by 
 some dentists for the removal of tlie dentes sa- 
 pientirt3. 
 
 FISSICULA'TIO, from fissiculare, 'to cut ofi",' 
 'open,' 'make incisions.' An old word for an 
 opening made with a scalpel. 
 
 FISSrPARITE, see Generation. 
 
 FISSIPAROUS, see Generation. 
 
 FISSURA, Fissure — f. Canalis Fallopii, see 
 Aquajductus Fallopii — f. Capillorum, Distrix — f. 
 Contrnjacens, Contra-fissura — f. Cerebri longitu- 
 dinalis, Fissure, longitudinal, of the Brain — f. 
 Interlobularis, Interlobular fissure — f. Magna 
 vulvEe, see Rima — f. Palpebrarum, see Palpebra 
 — f. Pilaris, Trichismus. 
 
 Fissu'ra Loxgitudina'lis, Ante'rior et Pos- 
 te'rior. Two vertical fissures in the median 
 line, in front of, and behind, the medulla oblon- 
 gata, which divide it superficially into two sym- 
 metrical lateral columns. 
 
 FissuRA Transversa Magna Cerebri, Fis- 
 sure, transverse, of the Brain. 
 
 FISSURE, Fissu'ra, Schisma, Scissu'ra, Rhege, 
 Bhegma, Rhegmus, from findere, fi.ssum, ' to 
 
 cleave;' a long and narrow cleft or opening in a 
 bone — Rhage, payrj, Ceasma, Kcaayia. (S.) Fissure, 
 Fente. 
 
 Fissure has various acceptations : 1. A frac- 
 ture, Catag'ma fissu'ra, in which the bone is 
 cracked, not separated, as in fracture; 2. A nar- 
 row, long, and superficial solution of continuity, 
 around the external openings of the mucous 
 membranes. A sort of chap — (F.) Oerqure — ob- 
 served on the hands, particularly on the callous 
 hands, of workmen, in certain mechanical em- 
 ployments; 3. Small chapped ulcerations, some- 
 times noticed in young children, owing to the 
 contact of the fseces and urine with the fine, 
 delicate skin of the thighs, nates, and genital 
 organs : 4. Clefts of a more or less deep nature, 
 occurring on the genital organs in the vicinity 
 of the anus, in those labouring under syphilis. 
 These are usually called rhagades. See Monster. 
 
 Fissure op Bichat, Fissure, transverse, of 
 the Brain — f. Capillary, see Pilatio. 
 
 Fissure, Central. The aggregate of the ca- 
 vities or ventricles of the brain. Meckel consi- 
 ders them but one cavity, in the form of a cross. 
 
 Fissure op Glaser, Fissure, glenoid — f. of 
 Glaserius, F. Glenoid. 
 
 Fissure, Glenoid, Fissure of Glaser or Glase'- 
 rius, (F.) Fissure ou Seissure de Glaser, Fente 
 glenoidalg ou Felure de Glaser, divides the gle- 
 noid cavity of the temporal bone into two parts, 
 and gives passage to the chorda tympani. &o. 
 
 Fissure of the Helix. A small vertical fis- 
 sure of the helix of the ear, a little above the 
 tubercle for the attachment of the attrahens aurem 
 muscle. 
 
 Fissure, Infraorbitar, Suborbitar fissure. 
 
 Fissure,- Longitu'dinal, of the Brain, Fis- 
 su'ra cer'ehri longitudina'lis. The space which 
 separates the two hemispheres of the brain. 
 
 Fissure, Orbitar, see Orbitar fissure — f. Or- 
 bitar, inferior, Spheno-maxillary fissure — f. Or- 
 bitar, superior. Sphenoidal fissure — f. Portal, see 
 Liver. 
 
 Fissure of Rolan'do. A transverse fissure 
 placed between two superior cerebral convolu- 
 tions, which are met with above the fissure of 
 Sylvius. 
 
 Fissure, Semilit'nar. A notch at the ante- 
 rior edge of the cerebellum, where it receives 
 fibres which connect it to the cerebellum and 
 mesocephalon. 
 
 Fissure of Svl'vius, Fissu'ra seu Fossa Mag- 
 na Si/l'vii. A deep, narrow sulcus, which ascends 
 obliquely backwards from the temporal ala of the 
 sphenoid bone, near to the middle of the parietal 
 bone, and which parts the anterior and middle 
 lobes of the cerebrum on each side. 
 
 Fissure op the Tragus. A fissure on the an- 
 terior surface of the tragus of the ear. 
 
 Fissure, Transverse, of the Brain, Great 
 transverse fissure, Fissure of Bichat, Fissu'ra seu 
 Rima transver'sa magna cer'ehri. A fissure, 
 which passes beneath and behind the edge of the 
 middle lobe of the brain, and extends beneath 
 the hemisphere of one side to the same point of 
 the opposite side. 
 
 FIST, Sax. py}-c, -nvyixT], Pygme, Pugnus, (F.) 
 Poing. The clenched hand. . 
 
 FIS'TULA, 'a pipe or reed,' Syrinx, Syrin'ga, 
 Aulos — when of a small size, Aulis'cos. A solu- 
 tion of continuity, of greater or less depth and 
 sinuosity; the opening of which is narrow, and 
 the disease kept up by an altered texture of parts, 
 so that it is not disposed to heal. A fistula is 
 incomj}lete or blind, when it has but one opening; 
 and complete when there are two, the one com- 
 municating with an internal cavity, the other 
 externally. It is lined, in its whole course, by 
 a membrane which seems analogous to mucous 
 
FISTULES STERCORAIRES 395 
 
 FLAX 
 
 membranes. Incomplete fisttdcB may be internal 
 or external. The former are those which open 
 internnUi) ; the latter those ■which open externally. 
 External incornjAete fiatula are kept up by caries 
 or necrosis of bones, by extraneous bodies in any 
 of the living textures, or by purulent cavities, 
 the walls of which have not become united. In- 
 ternal incomplete fistulcB generally soon become 
 complete, since the discharge that escapes from 
 them into the cavities into which they open has 
 a constant tendency to make its way outwardly, 
 and soon occasions ulceration of the integuments. 
 Fistulse have received different names, according 
 to the discharge which they aiford, and the organs 
 in which they are seated, — as lachrymal, biliary, 
 salivary, synovial, urinary — Fia'tula iiri'nce, 
 U'rias. The great object of treatment, in fistu- 
 lous sores, is to bring on an altered condition of 
 the parietes of the canal, by astringent or stimu- 
 lating injections, caustics, the knife, pressure, &c. 
 Those which are dependent on diseased bone, 
 cartilage, tendon, &c., do not heal until after the 
 exfoliation of the diseased part. Fistulas of ex- 
 cretory ducts are produced either by an injury 
 of the duct itself or by the retention and accu- 
 mulation of the fluids to which they have to give 
 passage. Thus, Fis'tula lacryma'lis, Dacryo- 
 ayr'inx, FmjyJirag'ma lacryma'le. Hydrops sacci 
 lacryma'lis. Dropsy of the lachrymal sue, com- 
 monly proceeds from the obliteration of the nasal 
 ducts, or from atony of the lachrymal sac; which 
 circumstances prevent the tears from passing into 
 the nostrils. 
 
 PiSTULA IN Ano, Archosyr'inx, generally occurs 
 from some mechanical pressure or impediment. 
 The principal indication in the treatment of these 
 fistulse of the excretory canals being to put a stop 
 to the constant discharge of the secretions, &c., 
 through the preternatural channel, the fistulous 
 passage is at times laid open, and a communica- 
 tion established with the natural excretory canal; 
 at others, strong pressure is employed to procure 
 its obliteration. 
 
 Fistula Belliniana, Uriniferous tube — f. Ci- 
 balis, CEsophagus — f. Cruris, Fibula — f. Durse 
 matris, Sinus of the dura mater — f. Lacrymalis, 
 see Fistula — f. Mammae, Mastosyrinx — f. Nervo- 
 rum, Neurilemma — f. Sacra, Medulla spinalis, 
 Vertebral column — f. Spiritualis, Trachea — f. 
 Urinaria, Urethra — f. Ureterum renum, see Calix 
 — f. UriniB, see Fistula — f. Yentriculi, (Eso- 
 phagus. 
 
 FISTULES STERCORAIRES, see Sterco- 
 raceous. 
 
 FIS'TULOUS, Fistulo'sus, Syring"icus, Syrin- 
 go'des, (F.) Fistuleux. Relating to, or resembling, 
 a fistula; as '& fistulous opening.' 
 
 FIT, Pes. 
 
 FIT-ROOT, Monotropa uniflora. 
 
 FITS, NINE DAT, Trismus nascentium. 
 
 FIVE FINGERS, Panax quinquefolium. 
 
 FIXATIO MONONCEA, Melancholy. 
 
 FIXED, Fixus, from figere, fixnm, ' to fasten.' 
 A body not capable of being volatilized by fire is 
 said to be fixed. Thus, we sa.j fixed oils, in con- 
 tradistinction to volatile oils. 
 
 FIXEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. This 
 spring is four leagues from Waldsassen, in Bava- 
 ria. It contains carbonic acid, holding in solu- 
 tion carbonates of lime and magnesia, chlorides 
 of lime and magnesia, carbonate of soda and silica. 
 In Bavaria, it replaces the Seltzer water. 
 
 FIXI DENTES. The teeth of the second 
 dentition. 
 
 FLABELLA'TION, Flahclla'tio, from flahel- 
 lare, flahellatum, (from fiabriim, 'a blast of 
 wind,') 'to agitate the air.' An operation recom- 
 mended by Ambrose Pare, which consists in 
 keeping fractured limbs cool, as well as the 
 
 dressings surrounding them, by the renewal of 
 the air around them, either by the use of a fan, 
 or the repeated change of position of the parts 
 affected. 
 
 FLABELLUM ET VENTILABRUM COR- 
 DIS, Pulmo. 
 
 FLACCID'ITY, Flaccid'itas, from flaccidne, 
 ' flabby,' ' soft.' Softness of a part, so as to offer 
 little resistance on pressure. 
 
 FLAG, BLUE, Iris versicolor — f. Biue, slender, 
 Iris Virginica — f. Dwarf, Iris lacustris — f. Myrtle, 
 Acorus calamus — f. Root, Acorus calamus. 
 
 FLAGELLATIO, Mastigosis. 
 
 FLAM BE, Iris Germanica — /. Bdtard, Iris 
 pseuda corns. 
 
 FLABIBOISE, Ignis sylvaticus. 
 
 FLAME, VITAL, Vital principle. 
 
 FLAMED, Inflamed. 
 
 FLAMMA, Fleam— f. Cordis, Biolycbnium — f. 
 Vitalis, Biolycbnium. 
 
 FLAM3IE. Fleam—/. Vitale, Vital principle. 
 
 FLAMMETTE, Fleam. 
 
 FLAMMON, Lachesis rhombeata. 
 
 FLAMMULA, Fleam, Ranunculus ficaria — f. 
 Cordis, Biolycbnium — f. Jovis, Clematis recta — 
 f. Vitalis, Animal heat, Biolycbnium, Vital prin- 
 ciple. 
 
 FLANCS, Flanks. 
 
 FLANKS, Il'ia, Il'ea, La'gones, Lap'ara, Ce- 
 neo'nes, (Prov.) Lists, (F.) Flancs, Les Res. The 
 regions of the body which extend, on the sides, 
 from the inferior margin of the chest to the crista 
 ilii. 
 
 FLAP, (F.) Lawheau. A portion of the soft 
 parts of the body separated from those beneath, 
 but still attached by the base. Hence there may 
 be 'flap wounds,' (F.) Plaies d lamheaux, and 
 'flap operations,' (F.) Operations ci lamheaux. 
 When the flap is taken from one part, and ap- 
 plied to another, in plastic operations, the opera- 
 tion is said to be by migration of the flap, (F.) 
 Iligration du Lamhean. At times, the flap is 
 made to slide over the part to which it has to ad- 
 here: — the operation is then said to be by the 
 sliding of the flap, (F.) Glissement du Lamheau. 
 The flap is also, at times, rolled, inverted, &c., 
 (F.) Roulement ou Inversion du Lambeau. 
 
 Flap-dock, Digitalis. 
 
 Flap Operation of Amputation, Amputation 
 d lamheaux. 
 
 FLAT TOP, Vernonia Noveboracensis. 
 
 FLATUARIUS, Alchymist. 
 
 FLATUEUX, Windy. 
 
 FLAT'ULENCE, Flatulen'tia, Flatus, Flatu- 
 os'itas, Aeriflux'us, Pneiimato'sis, Pneumatosis 
 ventric'iili et enter'ica, Bdes'ma, Hyperpmeus'tict, 
 Clydon, Physa, Polyphy'sia, Limo'sis Fla'tus, 
 Erenx'is, Bombus, Flatuos'ity, Wind, Wind'iness, 
 Ventos'ify, Vapour, (F.) Ventosife, Flatuosite, 
 Vents; from flo, flatum, ' to blow.' Wind emitted 
 from, or accumulated in, the digestive tube espe- 
 cially. 
 
 FLATULENT, Windy. 
 
 FLATULENTIA, Flatulence. 
 
 FLATUOSITE, Flatulence. 
 
 FLATUOSITY, Flatulence. 
 
 FLATUS, Crepitation, Flatulence— f. Furiosus, 
 Ambulo-flatulentus — f. Spinse, Spina ventosa. 
 
 FLAVEDO CORTICUM CITRI, see Citrus 
 medica. 
 
 FLAVOUR, from (F.) flairer, 'to smell.' The 
 quality of a sapid body, which is appreciated by 
 the taste and smell combined, and more espe- 
 cially by the latter. Some physiologists consider 
 that flavour is effected through the smell alone. 
 
 FLAVUS, Yellow. 
 
 FLAX, COMMON, Linum usitatissimum— f. 
 Purging, Linum catharticum — f. Seed, see Linum 
 
FLEA 
 
 396 
 
 FLEXOR 
 
 usitatissimum — -f. Seed tea, Infasum lini eompo- 
 situm — f. Toad, Antirhinum linaria. 
 FLEA. COMMO^^ Pulex irritans. 
 FLEABANE, GREAT, Conyza squarrosa— f. 
 Various -leaved, Erigeron heterophyllum — f. 
 Canada, Erigeron Canadense — f. Narrow-leaved, 
 Erigeron Philadelpbicum — f. Philadelphia, Eri- 
 geron Philadelphicum — f. Skevish, Erigeron 
 Philadelphicum. 
 
 FLEAM, Flamma, Flarn'mida, Schasfe'rion, 
 Fosso'rium, Phlehot' omum. A surgical instru- 
 ment used for the operation of phlebotomy. (F.) 
 F/amnie, Flammette. It consists of a small me- 
 tallic box, containing a spear-pointed cutting in- 
 strument, which, by means of a spring, can be 
 forced into the vein. It is much used ia Ger- 
 many and some other European countries, and is 
 not unfrequently employed in America; but is 
 scarcely ever seen in France or Great Britain. 
 FLEAWORT, Plantago psyllium. 
 FLECHISSEUR, Flexor—/. Court commnn 
 des orteils, Flexor brevis digitorum pedis — /. 
 Court du petit doigt, Flexor parvus minimi digiti 
 — f. Court du petit orteil, Flexor brevis minimi di- 
 giti pedis — •/. Profond des doigts, Flexor profun- 
 dus perforans — -f. Sublime des doigts, Flexor sub- 
 limis perforatus — -f. Superficiel des doigts, Flexor 
 sublimis perforatus — -/. Court dugros orteil, Flexor 
 brevis poUicis pedis — f. Grand commun des orteils, 
 Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus, perfo- 
 rans — /. Long covimun des orteils, Flexor longus 
 digitorum pedis profundus perforans — •/. Loyig du 
 yros orteil, Flexor longus pollicis pedis — ■/. Court 
 du pouce. Flexor brevis pollicis maniis. 
 FLECK, Abrasion. 
 
 FLECTENS PAR LUMBORUM, Quadratus 
 lumborum. 
 
 FLEGMEIS^, Flemen. 
 
 FLEMEN, Flegmen. A tumour about the 
 ankles. Also, a chap on the feet and hands. 
 FLERECIX, Gout. 
 
 FLESH, Caro, Sarx, (P.) Chair. Every soft 
 part of an animal is so named; but more parti- 
 3ularly the muscles, which are called muscular 
 flesh. 
 Flesh, Proub, Fungosity. 
 FLESHY, Corpulent. 
 FLETUS, Lacrvmatio. 
 
 FLEUR BE COUCOU, Primula veris — /. 
 Sainte- Catherine, Yiig&W^ — /. de Sainte-Jacques, 
 Thlaspi bursa — /. de Tons les mois, Calendula 
 oflBcinalis, 
 
 FLEURS, Flowers, Menses — /. de Benjoin, 
 Benjamin — -f. Blanches, Leucorrhoea — -f. de IIus- 
 eade, Mace — -f. de Soufre, Sulphur sublimatum. 
 
 FLEXIBIL'ITY, Fle.rihil'itos, from flectere, 
 _/?e.ri(m, ' to bend.' Capability of being bent. A 
 physical property of the tissues, which varies 
 greatly according to the structure. The tendons 
 exhibit this property in a marked manner. 
 FLEXIO, Campsis, Flexion. 
 FLEX'IOjST, Flex'io, Campe. Same etymon. 
 The state of being bent. The action of a flexor 
 muscle. 
 
 FLEXOR. Same etymon. (F.) Flechisseur. 
 A muscle, whose office it is to bend certain parts. 
 Flexor Brevis Digito'rum Pedis Perfora'- 
 TUS, F, Suhli'mis seu brevis seu digito'rum brevis 
 seu perforatus pedis, Perfora'tus sen flexor secuii'di 
 interno'dii digito'rum pedis, (F.) Calcaneo-sous- 
 phalangettien commun, — Calcaneo-sous-phalangi- 
 nien commun, — (Ch.), Muscle court flechisseur 
 commun des orteils. A muscle, placed at the 
 middle of the sole of the foot. It is narrower 
 and thicker behind than before, where it is di- 
 vided into four portions. It arises from the pos- 
 terior part of the inferior surface of the os calcis, 
 and is inserted at the inferior surface of the 
 second phalanx of the last four toes. It bends 
 
 the second phalanges of the toes on the first, and 
 the first on the metatarsal bones ; in this manner 
 augmenting the concavity of the vault of the 
 foot. 
 
 Flexor Brevis Minimi Digiti, F. Parvus mi- 
 nimi digiti. 
 
 Flexor Brevis MiN'un Dig"iti Pedis, Para'- 
 thenar minor, (P.) Court flechisseur du petit orteil, 
 Tarso-sous-pihalangien du 2]etit orteil — (Ch.) A 
 muscle, situate at the anterior and outer part of 
 the sole of the foot. It arises from the posterior 
 extremity of the fifth metatarsal bone, and is in- 
 serted into the posterior part of the first phalanx 
 of the little toe, which it bends. 
 
 Flexor Brevis Pol'licis Manus, F. secun'dl 
 interno'dii, F. primi et secxm'di ossis pol'licis, 
 Thenar, (F.) Court flechisseur du potice, Carpo- 
 phalangien du pouce — (Cli.), Demi-interosseux du 
 pouce. A muscle, situate at the outer part of the 
 palm of the hand. It is divided into two portions 
 by the tendon of the Flexor longus pollicis. It 
 arises from the os magnum, the anterior annular 
 ligament of the carpus and the third metacarpal 
 bone ; and is inserted into the superior part of 
 the first phalanx of the thumb, and into the two 
 ossa sesamoidea at the articulation of the first 
 phalanx with the first metacarpal bone. Its use 
 is to bend the first phalanx of the thumb on the 
 first metacarpal bone, and the latter upon the 
 trapezium. 
 
 Flexor Brevis Pol'licis Pedis, F. brevis seu 
 hal'lucis seu brevis pol'licis, (F.) Tarso-p)hcdan- 
 gien da p>ouce, Court flechisseur du gros orteil, 
 Tarso-sous-phalavgettien du premier orteil — (Ch.) 
 it is situate at the anterior and inner part of the 
 sole of the foot; is thin and narrow behind, thick 
 and divided into two portions before. It arises 
 from the inferior part of the os calcis and the last 
 two cuneiform bones, and is inserted at the infe- 
 rior part of the base of the first phalanx of the 
 great toe, and into the two sesamoid bones of the 
 corresponding metatarso-phalangian articulation. 
 It bends the first phalanx of the great toe on the 
 first metacarpal bone. 
 
 Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris magnus — 
 f. Carpi ulnaris, see Cubital (muscles) — f. Hallu- 
 eis, F. brevis pollicis pedis — f. Hallucis longus, 
 F. longus pollicis pedis. 
 
 Flexor Loxgds Digitc'ruji Pedis Profun'- 
 DUS Per'forans ; Per'/orans sen Flexor prof un'- 
 dus, Perodactyle'us, PeronodactyV ius, Perono- 
 dacti/lia'us, PeronedactyV ius, Flexor digito'rum 
 longus seu Perforans 2'>edis, Perforans seu Flexor 
 lertii internodii digito'rum pedis ; (F.) Tibio-jjha- 
 langettien — (Ch.), Grand Ou long flechisseur com- 
 mun des orteils. A muscle, situate at the poste- 
 rior and deep-seated part of the leg. It is broader 
 at its middle than at its extremities, the inferior 
 of which is divided into four portions. It arises 
 from the posterior surface of the tibia, and its 
 tendons are attached to the posterior part of the 
 lower surface of tbe three phalanges of the last 
 four toes. It bends the three phalanges on each 
 other, and the toes on the metatarsus, and ex- 
 tends the foot on the leg. 
 
 The Accesso'rius Flexo'ris Longi Digito'rum 
 Pedis, Caro quadra'ta Syl'vii, C. accesso'ria, 
 Ifassa car'nea Jaco'bi Syl'vii, Planta'ris verns, 
 (F.) Accfssoire du long flechisseur commun dea 
 orteils, Carree {Chair,) is a small muscle of the 
 sole of the foot, which passes obliquely from the 
 OS calcis to the outer edge of the flexor longus, 
 whose force it augments, and corrects its obliquity. 
 
 Flexor Longus Pol'licis Mands, F. longus 
 jwllicis, F. tertii interno'dii seu longis' simus pol- 
 licis ; (F.) Radio-phalangettien du j]ouce, — (Ch.) 
 Situate at the anterior and profound part of the 
 forearm. It arises from the upper three quarters 
 of the anterior surface of the radius and interos- 
 
FLEXURA 
 
 197 
 
 FLUELLEN 
 
 seous ligament, and is inserted, by a tendon, into 
 the anterior surface of the last phalanx of the 
 thumb. It bends the second phalanx of the 
 thumb on the first; the first on the corresponding 
 metacarpal bone, and this upon the radius. It 
 can, also, bend the hand on the forearm. 
 
 Flexor Longos Pol'licis Pedis, F. Hal'lucis 
 seu PolUcis loiif/Hs, (F.) Peroneo-phalangien du 
 gro8 orteil, Lon<j flechisseur du gros orteil, Peroneo- 
 smis-Phalangettien c/« ^9o«ce,— (Ch.) It is situate 
 at the posterior and profound part of the leg. It 
 arises from the posterior surface of the fibula and 
 the interosseous ligament, and is inserted, by 
 means of a long tendon, into the inferior part of 
 the first phalanx of the great toe. It bends the 
 third phalanx on the first, and this upon the cor- 
 responding metatarsal bone. It augments the 
 concavity of the sole of the foot, and extends the 
 foot on the leg. 
 
 Flexor Parvus Min'imi Dig"iti, F. brevis 
 minimi digiti manils, Abductor minimi digiti, Hy- 
 poth'eno.r Riola'ni seu minimi digiti, (F.) Carpo- 
 phalangien dit, petit doigt — (Ch.), Court flechisseur 
 du petit doigt. It arises from the anterior an- 
 nular ligament of the carpus and the process of 
 the OS unciforme, and is inserted at the inner side 
 of the superior extremity of the first phalanx of 
 the little finger. It bends the first phalanx of the 
 little finger. 
 
 Flexor Perpoeans, F. profundus perforans — 
 f. Perforatus, F. sublimis perforatus — f. Primi 
 internodii, Opponens pollicis — f. Primi internodii 
 digitorum manfis, Lumbricalis manfis — f. Primi 
 et secundi ossis pollicis, F. brevis pollicis manfls. 
 Flexor Profhn'dus Per'forans, F. Profun- 
 dus seu Per'forans seu ter'tii interno'dii digito'- 
 rummantis, Perforans manHs ; (F. ) Cubito-phalan- 
 gettien commun — (Ch.), Flechisseur profond des 
 doigts. A thick, flat, long muscle, seated beneath 
 the Flexor sublimis 2}erforatus. Its upper extremity 
 is simple, and arises from the anterior surface of the 
 ulna and from the interosseus ligament. Its infe- 
 rior extremity terminates by four tendons, which, 
 after having passed through slits in the sub- 
 limis, are inserted into the anterior surface of the 
 last phalanges of the four fingers. It bends 
 the third phalanges on the second, and, in other 
 respects has the same use as the flexor sublimis 
 perforatus. 
 
 Flexor Secundi Internodii Digitorum Pedis, 
 F. brevis digitorum pedis — f. Tertii internodii, F. 
 longus pollicis manfls — f. Tertii internodii digito- 
 rum manus, F. profundus perforans — f. Tertii in- 
 ternodii digitorum pedis, F. longus digitorum 
 pedis profundus perforans — f. Ossis metacarpi 
 pollicis, Opponens pollicis — f. Perforatus pedis, 
 F. brevis digitorum pedis — f. Sublimis, F. brevis 
 digitorum pedis. 
 
 Flexor Subli'mis Perfora'tus, F. Perfora'- 
 tus, {"E.) ^Flechisseur sublime ou snperficiel des 
 doigts, Epitroklo-phalangiuien commxn, — (Ch.) 
 It is a thick, flat, muscle, seated at the anterior 
 part of the forearm. Its upper extremity, which 
 is simple, arises from the internal condyle of the 
 OS humeri; — from the coronoid process of the 
 ulna, and from the anterior edge of the radius. 
 Its lower extremity divides into four tendons, 
 which slide under the anterior annular ligament 
 oi the carpus, and are inserted into the second 
 phalanges of the last four fingers, after having 
 been slit to allow the tendons of the flexor pro- 
 fundus to pass through them. This muscle bends 
 the second phalanges on the first; these on the 
 carpal bones, and the hand on the forearm. 
 
 FLEXURA, Curvature— f. Iliaca, Sigmoid 
 flexure — f. Sigraoidea, Sigmoid flexure. 
 FLICK. Epiploon. 
 FLIXWEED, Sisymbrium sophia. 
 FLOATING, Ha;raorrbagiH. 
 
 FLOCCI, see Villous membranes — f. Volitantes, 
 see Metamorphopsia. 
 
 FLOCCILATIOX, Carphologia. 
 FLOCCILEGIUM, Carphologia. 
 FLOCCITATION, Carphologia. 
 FLOCCORUM VENATIO, Carphologia. 
 FLOCCULI, see Villous membranes. 
 FLOCCULUS; diminutive oi floccus, ' a lock 
 of wool'- — -Pneumogas' trie loh'ule, Lob'ulus pneii- 
 mogas'tricus. A long and slender prominence, 
 extending from the side of the vallecula around 
 the corpus restiforme to the crus cerebelli, lying 
 behind the filaments of the pneumogastric nerves. 
 FLOR BE JUSTE LA, see Mistura. 
 FLORENCE, CLIMATE OP. This agreeable 
 Italian city is by no means a favourable residence 
 for the phthisical invalid. Sir James Clark af- 
 firms, indeed, that he does not know any class 
 of invalids for whom Florence offers a favourable 
 residence. It is subject to sudden vicissitudes 
 of temperature, and to cold, piercing winds du- 
 ring the winter and spring. 
 
 FLORES BENZOES, Benjamin, flowers of— 
 f. Boracis, Boracie acid — f. Cosso, see Hagenia 
 Abyssinica — f. Macidos, see Myristica moschata 
 f. Macis, Mace — f. Martiales, Ferrumammoniatum 
 — f. Salis ammoniaci martiales, Ferrum ammo- 
 niatum. 
 
 FLORIDA, CLIMATE OF,see Saint Augustine. 
 Florida, Waters of. Near Long Lake, in 
 Florida, United States, which communicates with 
 St. John's River by a small creek, there is a vase 
 fountain of hot mineral water, issuing from a 
 bank of the river. From its odour it would seem 
 to be sulphureous. 
 
 FLORION, Influenza. 
 
 FLOS, Anthos. A flower. Also, the finest and 
 noblest part of the body, and virginity. 
 
 Flos, Joyis, Crocus — f. Lactis, Creuior lactis — • 
 f. Salis, Soda, subcarbonate of — f. Sanguineus 
 monardi, Tropseolum majus — f. Trinitatis, Viola 
 tricolor — f. Virginitatis, Hymen. 
 FLOUR, COLD, Pinoli. 
 
 Flour, Patent, Jones's. A farinaceous pre- 
 paration, which is said to consist of wheat-flour, 
 with tartaric acid and carbonate of soda. 
 Flour, Potato, see Solanum tuberosum. 
 FLOWER DE LUCE, Iris Germanica. 
 FLOWERS, Flores, (F.) Fleurs. The ancient 
 chymists gave this name to different solid and 
 volatile substances obtained by sublimation. The 
 term is not yet entirely banished from chymieal 
 and medical language, as Flowers of Benjamin, 
 Flowers of Sulphur, &c. 
 Flowers, Menses. 
 
 Flowers, Four Carmin'ative, Quat'uor floreg 
 carminati'vi, were chamomile, dill, fever-few, and 
 melilot. 
 
 Flowers, Four Cor'dial, Quat'uor flores cor- 
 di'a'les, were formerly, borage, bugloss, roses, and 
 violets. 
 
 FLUCTUATIO, Fluctuation— f. Aurium, Tin- 
 nitus aurium. 
 
 FLUCTUA'TION, Fluctua'tio, from fnctnare, 
 fluctuatum, (fluctus, 'a wave,') 'to undulate.' 
 Undula'tio, (F.) Oiidnlution. The undulation 
 of a fluid collected in any natural or artificial 
 cavity, which is felt by pressure or by percussion, 
 properly practised — peripheric fluctuotion. In 
 ascites, the fluctuation is felt by one of the hands 
 being applied to one side of the abdomen whilst 
 the other side is struck with the other hand. In 
 abscesses, fluctuation is perceived by pressing on 
 the tumour, with one or two fingers alternately, 
 on opposite points. 
 
 Fluctuation, Peripheric, see Fluctuation — f. 
 Rhonchal, see Rhonchal — f. by Succussion, see 
 Succussion. 
 FLUELLEN, Antirhinum elatine. 
 
FLUELLIN 
 
 398 
 
 FCETAL 
 
 3. Exhaled or 
 Perspiratory. 
 
 4. Follicular. 
 
 5. Glandular 
 
 FLUELLIN, Veronica. 
 
 FLUEURS, Menses — /. Blanches, Leucor- 
 rhcea. 
 
 FLUID, Flu'idus, from fluere, 'to flow.' The 
 human body is chiefly composed of fluids. If 
 one, weighing 120 pounds, be thoroughly dried 
 in an oven, the remains will be found not to 
 weigh more than 12 or 13 pounds; so that the 
 proportion of fluids to liquids in the body is 
 about 9 or 10 to 1. 
 
 Table op Fluids of the Human Body. 
 
 1. Blood. 
 
 2. Lymph. 
 f Transpiration of the mucous, 
 
 serous, and synovial mem- 
 branes ; of the areolar mem- 
 brane; of the adipous cells; 
 of the medullary membrane; 
 of the interior of the thyroid 
 gland; of the thymus; supra- 
 renal capsules; eye; ear; 
 vertebral canal, &c. 
 Sebaceous humour of the skin ; 
 cerumen ; gum of the eye ; 
 mucus of the mucous glands 
 and follicles ; that of the 
 tonsils, of the glands of the 
 cardia, the environs of the 
 anus, the prostate, (fee. 
 Tears; saliva; pancreatic fluid; 
 bile; cutaneous transpiration; 
 urine; fluid of the glands of 
 Cowper; sperm; milk; of 
 the testes and mamm^ of 
 the new-born child. 
 Fluid, Burnett's Disinfecting, see Burnett 
 • — f. Cephalo-rachidian, Cephalo- spinal fluid 
 — f. Cephalo -spinal, Cephalo -spinal fluid — f. 
 Cerebro-spinal, Cephalo-spinal fluid — f. Deodo- 
 rizing, EUerman's, see Ellerman — f. Ledoyen's 
 Disinfecting, see Ledoyen — f. of Scarpa, Vitrine 
 auditive — f. Subaraehnoidean, Cephalo-spinal 
 fluid. 
 
 FL HIDE SEMINAL, Sperm. 
 FLUIDUM NERVEUM, Nervous fluid — f. 
 Cerebro-spinale, Cephalo-spinal fluid. 
 
 FLUKE, Distoma hepaticum — f. Liver, Disto- 
 ma hepaticum. 
 
 FLUMEN DYSENTERICUM, Dysentery. 
 FLUMMERY, (Scotch) Sowens. A preparation 
 of oatmeal, which forms a light article of food 
 during convalescence. It may be made as fol- 
 lows: — Take of oatmeal or groats, a quart. Rub 
 with two quarts of hot water, and let the mixture 
 Stand until it becomes sour; then add another 
 quart of hot water, and strain through a hair sieve. 
 Let it stand till a white sediment is deposited ; 
 decant, and wash the sediment with cold water. 
 Boil this with fresh water till it forms a mucilage, 
 stirring the whole time. 
 
 FLUOR, Flux — f. Albus Intestinorum, Coeliae 
 flux — f, Albus malignus. Gonorrhoea impura — f. 
 Muliebris, Leucorrhoea — f. Muliebris non Galli- 
 cus, Leucorrhoea — f. Sanguinis pulmonum, Has- 
 moptysis — f. Sanguinis vesicse, Cystorrhagia. 
 
 FLUSH, Flushing,^ (F.) Eougeurs, Boiiffee de 
 Chaleur ; from (G.) *Fliessen, 'to flow.' The 
 temporary redness and heat produced by accumu- 
 lation of blood in the capillaries of the face ; as 
 the sudden 'flush' or ' blush of emotion :' the 'flush 
 of hectic' 
 
 FLUX, Fluxus, Proflu'vium, Fluor, iromfluere, 
 ' to flow.' A discharge. Ehysis. In nosology, 
 it comprises a series of affections, the principal 
 symptom of which is the discharge of a fluid, 
 Generally it is employed for dysentery. 
 
 Flux, Bil'ious, Fluxus bilio'sus. A discharge 
 
 of bile, eitlier by vomiting or by stool, or by both, 
 as in cholera. 
 
 Flux, Bloody, Dysentery — /. de Bouche, Sa- 
 livation — /. Bronchique, Bronohorrhoea — /. Dy- 
 senterique, Dysentery — f. Hemorrhoidal, see Hse- 
 morrhois — /. Hepatique, Hepatirrhoea — f. Men- 
 strual, Menses — /. 3Iuqueux, Catarrh — /. Mu- 
 queux de I'estomac, Gastrorrhoea — •/. Muqueux de 
 la vessie, Cystirrhcea — f. Root, Asclepias tube- 
 rosa — /. Salivaire, Salivation — /. de Sang, Hse- 
 morrhagia. Dysentery — f. Sebaceous, Stearrhoea 
 — /. de Sperme, Spermatorrhoea — /. de Sueur, 
 Ephidrosis — f. Weed, Sysimbrium sophia — /. 
 d' Urine, Diabetes — /. de Ventre, Diarrhoja. 
 
 FLUXIO, Fluxion— f. Alba, Leucorrhoea — f. 
 Arthritica, Gout — f. Vulvffi, Leucorrhoea. 
 
 FLUX'ION, Flux'io, Afflux'us. A flow of 
 blood or other humour towards any organ with 
 greater force than natural. A determination. 
 Thus we say, in those disposed to apoplexy, 
 there is a fluxion or determination of blood to 
 the head. 
 
 FLUXION CATARRHALE, Catarrh—/, sur- 
 les Dents, Odontalgia. 
 
 FLUXION BE POITRINE, (F.) By this 
 name, the French often understand acute ptdmo- 
 nary catarrh, or pleurisy, but most commonly 
 peripneumnny . 
 
 FLUXUS, Discharge — f. Alvinus, Diarrhoea — 
 f. Capillorum, Alopecia — f. Chylosus, Coeliae flux 
 — f. Coeliacus, Coeliae flux — f. Coeliacus per Bones, 
 Chyluria — f. Cruentus cum tenesmo, Dysentery 
 — f. Dysentericus, Dysentery — f. Hepaticus, He- 
 patirrhoea, see Hepateros — f. Lientericus, Lien- 
 tery — f. Lunaris, Menses — f. Matricis, Leucor- 
 rhoea — f. Menstrualis, Menstruation — f. Men- 
 struus. Menses — f. Muliebris, Leucorrhcea — f. 
 Saliva, Salivation — f. Sebaceous, Stearrhoea — f. 
 Splenieus, Mala3na — f. Venereus, Gonorrhoea im- 
 pura — f. Ventriculi, Gastrorrhoea. 
 
 FLY-GOLDING, Coccinelia septem punctata. 
 FLY-POISON, Amianthum muscsetoxicum. 
 FLYTRAP, Apocynum androsaemifolium, Sar- 
 racenia. 
 
 FOALFOOT, Tussilago. 
 
 FOC'ILE. The name was formerly given to 
 the bones of the leg, as well as to those of the 
 forearm. 
 
 FociLE Majus, Tibia — f. Inferius sen majns, 
 Ulna — f. Minus, Fibula — f. Minus seu superius, 
 Radius. 
 FOCUS APOPLECTICUS, Apoplectic celL 
 FOBCUNDATIO, Fecundation. 
 FCECUNDITAS, Fecundity. 
 FCEGUNDUS, Fecund. 
 FCEDI COLORES, Chlorosis. 
 FCEMEN, Perinseum. 
 FCEMINA, Female, Woman. 
 FGEMINESCENTIA, Feminescence. 
 F(ENICULUM,Anethum— f. Aquaticum, Phel- 
 landrium aquaticum — f. Erraticum, Peucedanum 
 silaus — f. Marinum, Crithmum maritimum — f. 
 Officinale, Anethum — f. Porcinum, Peucedanum 
 — f. Vulgare, Anethum. 
 
 FCENUGREEK, Trigonella foenum. 
 FCENUM CAMELORUM, Juncus odoratus— 
 f. Grascum, Trigonella foenum. 
 
 FCETAB'ULUM. An encysted abscess.— Mar- 
 cus Aurelius Severinus. 
 
 FCETAL, Foeta'lis. Relating to the foetus. A 
 name given to the parts connected with the foetus. 
 Thus we say — the foetal surface of the placenta, 
 in contradistinction to the uterine or maternal 
 surface. 
 
 FcETAL Circulation differs from that of the 
 adult in several respects. Commencing with the 
 placenta, where it probably undergoes some change 
 analogous to what occurs in the lungs in extra- 
 
FCETATION 
 
 399 
 
 FOLLICULI GRAAFIANI 
 
 nterine existence, the blood proceeds by the um- 
 bilical vein as far as the liver, where a part of it is 
 poured into the vena porta; the other proceeds into 
 the vena cava inferior ; the latter, having received 
 the suphrahepatic veins, pours its blood into the 
 right auricle. From the right auricle, a part of 
 the blood is sent into the right ventricle; the rest 
 passes directly through into the left auricle, by 
 the foramen ovale. When the right ventricle 
 contracts, the blood is sent into the pulmonary 
 artery; but as the function of respiration is not 
 going on, no more blood passes to the lungs than 
 is necessary for their nutrition; the remainder 
 goes directly through the ductus arteriosus into 
 the aorta. The blood, received by the left auricle 
 from the lungs, as well as that which passed 
 through the foramen ovale, is transmitted into 
 the left ventricle ; by the contraction of which it 
 is sent into the aorta, and by means of the um- 
 bilical arteries, which arise from the hypogastric, 
 it is returned to the placenta. 
 
 FcETAL Head. The diameters of this at the 
 full period are as follows: — 1. The Bijmrietal or 
 transverse, extending from one parietal protube- 
 rance to the other, and measuring 3i inches. 2. 
 The Temporal, from one temple to another, 3 
 inches. 3. The Occipt'to-mental, from the occiput 
 to the chin ; the greatest of all, 5 inches. 4. The 
 Oeci pi to -frontal or antero-posterior, 4^ or 4i 
 inches. 5. The Cervico-hregmatic, from the nape 
 of the neck to the centre of the anterior fonta- 
 nelle. 6. The Fronto-mental, from the forehead 
 to the chin, about 3J inches. 7. The Trachelo- 
 hregmatic, from the front of the neck to the ante- 
 rior fontanelle, ?ih: inches. 8. The Vertical dia- 
 meter, from the vertex to the base of the cranium. 
 
 FcETAL Nutrition, Cj^otrophy. 
 
 FCETATION, Pregnancy. 
 
 FCE'TICIDB, Fceticid'ium, from foetus, and 
 emdere, 'to kill;' Aborticid'ium. Criminal abor- 
 tion. 
 
 F(ETIDUS, Fetid. 
 
 FCETOR, Dysodia. 
 
 FcETOR Alaruji. The disagreeable rank odour 
 exhaled from the axillae. 
 
 FcETOR Oris, Breath, offensive. 
 
 FCETUS, Fetus, Cye'ma, Onus ventris, Sar'cina. 
 'The young of any creature.' The unborn child. 
 (F.) Fetus, Faix. By Kw/ta, Cye'ma, Hippocrates 
 meant the fecundated, but still imperfect, germ. 
 It corresponded with the term embryo, as now 
 used ; whilst e/jISpvov, ' embryo,' signified the fcetus 
 at a more advanced stage of the utero-gestation. 
 The majority of anatomists apply to the germ the 
 name embryo, which it retains until the third 
 month of gestation, and with some until the pe- 
 riod of quickening; whilst /ce^Ks is iipplied to it 
 in its latter stages. The terms are, however, 
 often used indiscriminately. When the ovule 
 has been fecundated in the ovarium, it proceeds 
 slowly towards, and enters the uterus, with which 
 it becomes ultimately connected by means of the 
 placenta. When first seen, the foetus has the 
 form of a gelatinous flake, which some have com- 
 pared to an ant, a grain of barley, a worm curved 
 upon itself, &c. The foetal increment is very 
 rapid in the first, third, fourth, and sixth months 
 of its formation, and at the end of nine months 
 it has attained its full dimensions — Enfant H 
 terme. Generally, there is but one foetus in utero ; 
 sometimes, there are two; rarely three. The 
 foetus presents considerable difference in its shape, 
 weight, length, situation in the womb, propor- 
 tion of its various parts to each other, arrange- 
 ment and texture of its organs, state of its func- 
 tions at different periods of gestation, &c. All 
 these differences are imix)rtant in an obstetrical 
 and medico-legal point of view. The following 
 table exhibits the length and weight of the foetus 
 at different periods of gestation, on the authority 
 of different observers. Their discordance is stri- 
 king. It is proper to remark, that the Paris 
 pound — Poid de Marc — of 16 ounces, contains 
 9216 Paris grains, whilst the avoirdupois contains, 
 only 8532,5 Paris grains, and that the Paris inch 
 is 1.065977 English inch. 
 
 At 30 days, 
 2 months, 
 3 
 
 4 " 
 
 5 " 
 
 6 " 
 
 7 " 
 
 8 " 
 
 Beck. 
 
 Maygrfer. 
 
 Granville. 
 
 Beck. 
 
 Matgrier. 
 
 GRA?fVILLE. 
 
 
 Length. 
 
 
 
 Weight. 
 
 
 3 to 5 lines 
 2 inches 
 
 5 to 6 " 
 
 7 to 9 " 
 
 9 to 12 " 
 
 12 to 14 " 
 
 16 " 
 
 10 to 12 lines 
 
 4 inches 
 
 6 " 
 
 8 " 
 
 10 " 
 
 12 " 
 
 14 " 
 
 16 " 
 
 1 inch 
 3 inches 
 
 9 inches 
 12 " 
 17 " 
 
 2 ounces 
 2 to 3 " 
 4 to 5 " 
 9 to 10 " 
 
 1 to 2 lbs. 
 
 2 to 3 " 
 
 3 to 4 " 
 
 9 or 10 grains 
 5 drachms 
 2^ ounces 
 7 or 8 " 
 16 " 
 
 2 pounds 
 
 3 " 
 
 4 " 
 
 20 grains 
 li ounces 
 
 1 pound 
 
 2 to 4 " 
 
 4 to 5 " i 
 
 Fcetus, Pregnant — f. in Foetu, Cryptodidy- 
 mus. 
 
 Fcetus Septiiies'tris. A seven months' foetus. 
 
 Fcetus Zephyriuts, Mole. 
 
 FOIE, Liver — /. d'Antimo'ine, Oxidum stibii 
 sulphuretum — -/. de Soufre, Potassae sulphuretum. 
 
 FOTN DE CHABIEAV, Juncus odoratus. 
 
 FOIROLE, Mercurialis. 
 
 FOLIA APALACHINES, see Ilex Para- 
 guensis — f. Peraguse, Ilex Paraguensis. 
 
 FOLIACEUM ORNAMENTUM, see Tuba 
 Fallopiana. 
 
 FOLIE, Insanity — -/. Alcoolique, Delirium tre- 
 mens — •/. des Ivrognes, Delirium tremens. 
 
 FOLLETTE, Atriplex hortensis. Influenza. 
 
 FOL'LICLE, Follic'ulus, Cystis, diminutive of 
 Follis, a bag. See Crypta. 
 
 Follicles, Ciliart, Meibomius, glands of — 
 f. of De Graaf, Folliculi Graafiani — f. Hair, see 
 
 Hair — f. of Lieberkiihn, see Intestine — f. Nail, 
 see Nail — f. Palpebral, Meibomius, glands of 
 — f. Solitary, Brunner's glands — f. Synovia/, 
 Bursee mucosae. 
 
 FOLLICULAR, Follie'ulous, FoUic'idose, Fol ■ 
 Ucxdo'sus, (F.) FuHicideux, from 'follicle.' Re- 
 lating or appertaining to a follicle,— as 'follicida; 
 inflammation,' inflammation affecting crypts 04. 
 follicles, Folliculi'tis. 
 
 Follicular Elevations, Tubercles, pearly. 
 
 FOLLICULE, Crypta—/. Ciliaire, Meibomius, 
 gland of — f. Cerumineuse, Ceruminous glands—^ 
 /. Dentaire, Dental follicle—/. Palpebral, Meibo- 
 mius, glands of. 
 
 FOLLICULES DE GBAAF, Folliculi Graaf- 
 iani. 
 
 FOLLICULI GRAAFIA'NI, F. Ova'rii, Owt 
 seu O'vula Graafia'na, Follicles or Vesicles of De 
 Graaf, Graafian or Ova'rian vea'ieles, (¥.) ' ■ 
 
FOLLICULITIS 
 
 400 
 
 FOEAMEN 
 
 licules ou Vesicules de Oraaf. Small spherical 
 vesicles in the stroma of the ovary, which have 
 at least two coats: the outer termed ovicapsxde 
 and tunic of the ovisac, tu'nica jibro'sa and theca 
 follic'ull: the latter, ovisac and memhra'ini pro- 
 pria ; vesicule ovidifere of M. Pouchet. See 
 Membrana granulosa. They exist in the foetus. 
 The ovum — ovule of some — is contained in, and 
 formed by, them. 
 
 Kolliker terms the follicles themselves, O'visacs, 
 Ovisae'ci. The interior of the follicles contains 
 a cl ar, light yellowish fluid — liquor foUic' uli — of 
 the density of the serum of the blood, in which 
 are, almost alwaj's, isolated granules, nuclei and 
 cells, which appear to be detached portions of the 
 membrana granulosa. 
 
 FoLLicuLi Ovarii, Folliculi Graafiani — f. Ro- 
 tundi et Oblongi cervicis uteri, Nabothi glandulaj 
 — f. Sanguinis, Globules of the blood — f. Sebacei, 
 Sebaceous glands — f. Sebacei coronse glandis, 
 see Sebaceous glands. 
 
 FOLLICULITIS, Follicular inflammation. 
 FOLLICULOSE GLAND, Grypta. 
 FOLLICULUS, Vulva. 
 
 FoLLic'uLUS A'eris, Air-ehaiiiber. A space at 
 the larger end of the bird's egg, formed by a se- 
 paration of the two layers of the shell membrane, 
 which is inservient to the respiration of the young 
 being. 
 
 FoLLicuLUS Dentis, Dental Follicle — f. Fellis, 
 Gall-bladder — f. Genitalis, Scrotum — f. Mucosus, 
 see Crypta — f. Pili, see Hair. 
 
 FOMENT, Fove're, (F.) JStnver, Bassiner. To 
 apply a fomentation to a part. 
 
 FOMENTA'TION, Fomenta'tio, Fotns, Py'ria, 
 Thermas' ma, Chlias'ma, JEone'sis, Perfu'sio, As- 
 jter'aio, Fomen'tum, [q\xn.s\fovimei\fum,) from/o- 
 vere, 'to bathe.' (F.) Hydrole, Hydrolotif. A 
 son of partial bathing, by the application of 
 cloths which have been previously dipped in hot 
 water, or in some medicated decoction. They 
 act, chiefly, by virtue of their warmth and mois- 
 ture, except in the case of narcotic fomentations, 
 where some additional eifect is obtained. 
 
 A dry fomentation, Fomen'tnm siccum, Lec'tnlus 
 medica'tus, is a warm, dry application to a part ; 
 — as a hot brick, wrapped in flannel; — a bag, 
 half filled with chamomile flowers made hot, etc. 
 Fomentation Herbs, Herhas pro fotn. The 
 herbs, ordinarily sold under this title by the Eng- 
 lish apothecar}', are — southernwood, tops nf sea 
 wormwood, chamomile floioers, each two parts; bay 
 leaves, one part, ^iijss of these to Ovj of water. 
 FOMENTUM, Fomentation — f. Siccum, see 
 Fomentation. 
 
 FOMES MORBL F. mall. Tha focus or seat 
 of any disease. (F.) Foyer. 
 
 FoMES Ventriculi, Hypochondriasis, Spleen. 
 FOM'ITES, plural oi fomes, fomitis, 'fuel, any 
 thing which retains heat.' Enans'ma, Zop'yron. 
 A term applied to substances which are supposed 
 to retain contagiovis effluvia; as woollen goods, 
 feathers, cotton, &c. 
 
 FONCTION, Function. 
 FONCTIONNEL, Functional. 
 FONT), Fundus. 
 
 FONDAMENTAL, Fundamental, 
 FONDANT, Solvent. 
 FONDEMENT, Anus. 
 FONDLING, Idiot. 
 FONGIFORME, Fungoid. 
 FONGOTDE, Fungoid. 
 FONGOSITE, Fungosity. 
 FONOUEVX, Fungous. 
 
 FONGUS, Fungus—/. MeduUaire, Encepha- 
 loid. 
 
 FONS, Fontanella — f. Laorymarum, see Can- 
 thus — f. Medicatus, Water, mineral — f. Pulsans, 
 Fontanella — f. Pulsatilis, Fontanella — f. Saluta- 
 ris. Water, mineral — f Soterius, Water, mineral 
 — f. Vitalis, Centrum vitale. 
 
 FONSANGE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Fonsange is situated near Nismes in France. 
 The water is sulphuretted. 
 FONTAINE DE LA TJSTE, see Fontanella. 
 FONTA'NA, CANAL OF. A canal of a tri- 
 angular shape, at the inner side of the ciliary 
 circle; partly formed by the groove at the inner 
 edges of the cornea and sclerotica. 
 
 FONTANEL'LA. A /oH/aneZ; — diminutive 
 of fons, fontis, ' a fountain.' (F.) Fontanelle. 
 Fons, F. 2}vlsat'ilis seu pulsans, Vertex paU- 
 pitans. Bregma, Fontic'idus, Lacu'na, llonld. 
 The openinrj of the head. A name, given to a 
 space occupied by a cartilaginous membrane, in 
 the foetus and new-born child, and situate at the 
 union of the angles of the bones of the cranium. 
 There are six fontanels. 1. The great or si)icip'- 
 itrd or anterior, fontic'ulus quadrangula'rls, Fon- 
 taine dela Tete, situate at the junction of the 
 sagittal and coronal sutures. 2. The small or 
 bregmat'ic or posterior, situate at the part where 
 the posterior and superior angles of the parietal 
 bones unite with the upper part of the os ocei- 
 pitis. 3. The two sphenoidal, in the temporal 
 fossse: and, 4. The two mastoid, or of Casserius, 
 Fontic'uli masto'ides seu Casse'rii, at the union 
 of the parietal, occipital, and temporal bones. 
 
 FONTE, Colliquation. 
 
 FONTES, see Fons— f. Medicati Plumbarii, 
 Plombieres, mineral waters of — f. Sulphurei ca- 
 lidi, Waters, mineral, sulphureous. 
 
 FONTICULE A POIS, see Fonticulus. 
 
 FONTIC'ULUS, Fontanel'la, Exuto'rium, E.i'- 
 ntory. Issue, (F.) Fonticnle, Cautere, Exutoire. 
 Diminutive of fons, fontis, 'a fountain.' A small 
 ulcer produced by art, either by the aid of caus- 
 tics or of cutting instruments; the discharge from 
 which is kept up with a view to fulfil certain the- 
 rapeutical indications. The Pea issue, (F.) Fon- 
 ticnle d pois, is kept up by means of a pea placed 
 in it. This pea, (F.) Pois d cautere, is sometimes 
 formed of wa.x ; at others, the young, blasted 
 fruit of the orange is employed. The common 
 dried garden pea answers the purpose. The seton 
 is also an issue. 
 
 FoNTicuLXTS Casserii, see Fontanella — f. Mas- 
 toideus, see Fontanella — f. Quadrangularis, see 
 Fontanella. 
 
 FOOD, Aliment — f. Farinaceous, see Farina- 
 ceous — -f. of the Gods, Asafoetida. 
 
 Food, Prince op Wales's. A farinaceous pre- 
 paration, which is used in the same eases as ar- 
 row-root, is said to consist entirely of potato- 
 flour. 
 
 FOOL'S STONES, MALE, Orchis mascula 
 
 FOOT, Pes— f. Flat, see Kyllosis— f. Griffon's, 
 Grvphius pes. 
 
 FOOTLING CASE. A presentation of the foot 
 or feet in parturition. 
 
 FORA'MEN, Trema, from foro, 'I pierce.' 
 Ardos, (F.) Tron. Any cavity, pierced through 
 and through. Also, the orifice of a canal. 
 
 Foramen Alveolare Anteeius, see Palatine 
 canals — f. Alveolare posterius, see Palatine canals 
 — f. Amplum pelvis, Obturatorium foramen — f. 
 Anonymum Ferreinii, see Aquseductus Fallopii 
 — f Aquseductus Fallopii, F. stylomastoideum — 
 f. Auditorium externum, see Auditor}' canal, ex- 
 ternal — ^f. Auditorium internum, see Auditory 
 canal, internal — f. of Bichat, see Canal, arachnoid 
 — f. of Dotal, see Dotal foramen— f. Ca?cum ossis 
 maxillaris superioris, see Palatine canals. 
 
 Foramen C^cum of the Medul'la Oblon- 
 
FORATIO 
 
 401 
 
 FORMICA 
 
 GATA or of ViCQ. d'Azyr; (Fr.) Trou horgne. A 
 tolerably deep fossa at the point where the me- 
 dian furrow at the anterior surface of the me- 
 dulla oblongata meets the pons. 
 
 Foramen Caecum of the Tongue, see Caecum 
 foramen, and Tongue — f. Carotid, see Carotica 
 foramina. 
 
 Fora'men Centra'le et Limbus Lu'teus Ret'- 
 IN^. The central foramen and yellow spot of the 
 retina; discovered by Scimmering ; Mac'ula lu'- 
 tea, flavu seu au'rea, (F.) Tache jaune. It is 
 situate about two lines to the outside of the optic 
 nerve, and in the direction of the axis of the eye. 
 
 FoRAiiEN Commune Anterius, Vulva — f. Com- 
 mune posterius, see Anus — -f. Condyloid, see Con- 
 dyloid — f. Conjugationis, see Conjugation — f. Eth- 
 moideuni, Orbitar foramen, internal — f. Incisivum, 
 see Palatine canal — f. Infraorbitarium, see Sub- 
 orbitar canal — f. Infrapubianum, Obturatorium 
 foramen — f. Jugulare, Lacerum posterius foramen 
 
 — f. Lacerum in basi cranii, Lacerum posterius 
 foramen — f. Lacerum inferius. Sphenomaxillary 
 fissure — f. Lacerum superius. Sphenoidal fissure 
 — f. Magnum, see Occipital bone — f. Mastoid, see 
 Mastoid foramen — f. Mental, see Mental foramen. 
 
 Foramen of Monro, Fora'men Monroia'num. 
 An opening behind the anterior pillar of the for- 
 nix, somewhat above the anterior commissure, 
 by which the third ventricle communicates with 
 the lateral ventricle; so called after the second 
 Monro. 
 
 Foramen op Morgagni, see Coecum foramen 
 and Tongue — f. Obturatorium, Obturator foramen 
 
 — f. Oculi, Pupil' — -f. QSsophageum (of the dia- 
 phragm,) see ffisophagus, and (Esophageal aper- 
 ture of the diaphragm — f. Codes, Ovale foramen 
 
 — f. Opticum, Optic foramen — f. Opticum Cho- 
 rioidese, see Optic nerves — f. Orbitarium inter- 
 num, Orbitar foramen, internal — f. Orbitarium 
 superius, Orbitar foramen, superior, F. supra- 
 orbitarium — f. Ovale, Botal foramen. Fenestra 
 ovalis, Obturatorium foramen. Ovale foramen — f. 
 Ovale, patency of the, see Cyanopathy — f. Pala- 
 tinum anterius, see Palatine canals — f. Palatinum 
 posterius, see Palatine canals — f. Palato-maxil- 
 lare, see Palatine canals — f. Rotundum, Fenestra 
 rotunda — f. Spheno-spinosum, Spinale forauien — 
 f. Spinale, Spinal foramen — f. Spinosum, Spinal 
 foramen — f. Tarini, see Aquseductus Fallopii — 
 f. Thyroideum, Obturatorium foramen — f. of 
 Winslow, Hiatus of Winslow. 
 
 Foramina Cribrosa, see Cribratus. 
 
 Foram'ina Thebe'sii. Openings resembling 
 vascular orifices, found below the orifice of the 
 vena cava superior in the right auricle, which are 
 supposed to be the openings of veins. 
 
 FORATIO, Trepanning. 
 
 FORCE, horn fortis, 'strong.' Vh, Poten'tia, 
 Energi'a, Dy'namis, Cratos. Any power which 
 produces an action. Those powers which are in- 
 herent in organization are called vital forces. We 
 say, also, organic force, and muscular force, to 
 designate that of the organs in general, or of the 
 muscles in particular. To the latter the word 
 Dynamis, Svvaixig, corresponds; and the absence of 
 this force is termed adyna'mia. The vital forces 
 have to be carefully studied by the pathologist. 
 The doctrine cf diseases is greatly dependent on 
 their augmentation or diminution; freedom or 
 oppression, &c. 
 
 Force of Assimilation, Plastic force — f. Cata- 
 lytic, see Catalysis — -f. Cell, see Cell force — f. of 
 Formation, Plastic force — f. Germ, Plastic force 
 — /. lledicatrice, Vis medicatrix — f. Metabolic, 
 see Metabolic force — f. of Nutrition, Plastic force 
 ■ — f. Osmotic, see Osmotic force — f. of Vegetation, 
 Plastic force — f. Vital, Vis vitalis— ;/". Vitale, Vis 
 vitalis. 
 
 FORGE-REAL, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 
 The name of a mountain, situate four leagues 
 from Perpignan in France. The water is chaly- 
 beate. 
 
 FORCEPS, quasi,ferriceps, from/errjon, 'iron,' 
 and capio, '1 take.' Pincers, Labis, Volsel'ls. 
 An instrument, for removing bodies which it 
 would be inconvenient or impracticable to seize 
 with the fingers. (F.) Pince, Pincette. There 
 are various kinds of forceps, 1. The ordinary 
 kind, contained in every dressing-case, for re- 
 moving lint, &c. from wounds or ulcers. (F.) Pin- 
 ce d pansement ou d anneatix. 2. Dissecting or 
 Lig'ature or Arte'rial Forceps, (F.) Pince d dis- 
 section, P. d ligature, to lay hold of delicate parts. 
 3. Pol'ypus Forceps, Tooth Forceps, Forceps of 
 3Iuseux for laying hold of the tonsils or other 
 parts to be removed. 4., The Bullet Forceps, 
 Stromhul'cus, (F.) Tirehalle. 5. The Lithot'omy 
 Forceps, Lithol'ahon, Lithago'gum, Tenac'ula, 
 Volsel'la, which resembles the Craniotomy For- 
 ceps, (F.) Tenettes. 6. The Cataract Forceps, (F.) 
 Pirtce d Cotaracte, resembling the dissecting for- 
 ceps, but much finer. 7. The Pince d gaine, the 
 branches of which can be brought together, and 
 retained by a movable sheath. 
 
 Forceps is also an instrument used by obstetri- 
 cal practitioners to embrace the head, and bring 
 it through the pelvis. It consists of two branches, 
 blades or levers; one of which, in the case of the 
 short forceps, is passed over the ear of the child, 
 and the other opposite the former, so that the 
 blades may lock. When the head is securely in- 
 cluded between the blades, the operation of ex- 
 traction can be commenced. See Parturition. 
 
 Forceps, see Corpus callosum — f. Anterior, see 
 Corpus callosum — f. Arterial, see Forceps — f. 
 Bullet, see Forceps — f. Craniotomy, see Forceps 
 — f. Deceptoria, see Forceps — f. Lithotomy, see 
 Forceps — f. of Museux, see Forceps — -f. Polypus, 
 see Forceps— f. Tooth, see Forceps. 
 
 FORD'S BALSAM OF HOREIIOUND, see 
 Balsam of horehound. 
 
 FOREARM, Antibra'chium, Pygme, Pars infe'- 
 rior hra'chii, Cu'bitus, (F.) Avant-bras. The part 
 of the upper extremity, comprised between the 
 arm and the hand. It is composed of two bones 
 — radius and ulna — and 20 muscles. 
 
 FOREFRONT, Front. 
 
 FOREHEAD, Front. 
 
 FORE-MILK, Colostrum. 
 
 FOREIGN BODY, Extraneous body. 
 
 FORENSIC ANATOMY, see Anatomy — f. 
 Medicine, Medicine, legal. 
 
 FORES, Genital organs. 
 
 FORESKIN. Prepuce. 
 
 FORETOP, Front. 
 
 FORFEX, Ciseau, Scissors — f. Dentaria, Den- 
 tagra. 
 
 FORPIC'ULA AURICULA'RIA, Eanoig. An 
 insect of the Order Orthoptera, which occasion- 
 ally enters the meatus auditorius externus, and 
 excites intense pain. It may be destroyed by 
 tobacco-smoke, or by oil poured into the meatus. 
 
 FORGES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Forges 
 is situate four leagues from Gournay, in the de- 
 partment of Seine Inferieure, France. There 
 are three springs, which are acidulous chaly- 
 beates. These are called Royal, ReinMe, and Car- 
 dinal, in honor of Louis XIII., Queen Anne of 
 Austria, and Cardinal Richelieu, who used them. 
 
 FORMATIVE, Plastic. 
 
 FORMI'CA, Myrmex. The ant or pismire. 
 (F.) Fourmi. It contains an acid juice and gross 
 oil, which were formerly extolled as aphrodisiacs. 
 The chrysalides of the animal are said to be 
 diuretic and carminative; and have been used in 
 dropsy. 2. Also the name of a black wart, ver- 
 ru'ca formica'ria, with a broad base and cleft 
 surface; so called because the pain attending it 
 
FORMICANT 
 
 402 
 
 FOSSETTE 
 
 resembles the Mting of an ant, nv^jinKia, myrme'- 
 c^a. — Forestus. 3. A varicose tumour on the 
 anus and glans penis. 4. Miliary herpes. 
 
 FoBJiiCA Ambclatoria, Herpes circinatus — 
 f. Corrosiva, Herpes exedens. 
 
 FORM'ICANT, Fonni'cans, Myrme'cizon, from 
 formica, 'an ant.' (F.) Fourmillant. An epi- 
 thet given to the pulse, Pulsus formi'cans, when 
 extremely small, scarcely perceptible, unequal, 
 and communicating a sensation like that of the 
 motion of an ant through a thin texture. 
 
 FORMICA'TIOjSf, Formica'tio, Jhjrmeeias'- 
 mus, Jft/rmecx'asis, Myrmecis'mus, Myrmeco'sis, 
 Stupor formi'cans. Same etymon. (F.) Four- 
 miUement. A pain, compared with that which 
 ■would be caused by a number of ants creeping 
 on a part. 
 
 FORMIX, Herpes esthiomenus. 
 FORMULA, Prescription — f. Extemporanea, 
 see Magistral — f. Magistralis, see Magistral — f. 
 Medica, Prescription — f. Officinalis, see Magis- 
 tral. 
 
 FORM'ULARY, Formula' rium, Xai-fhe'eia, 
 Narthe'cium, Narthex. From formularius, (di- 
 minutive oi forma, 'form'). One skilled in pre- 
 paring -writs or forms of process. — Quintilian. A 
 collection of medical formulae or receipts. 
 FORMULE, Prescription. 
 FORMYL, PERCHLORIDE OF. Chloro- 
 form. • 
 
 FORMYLE, lODURE DE, Iodoform. 
 FORNIX, 'an arch or vault.' F. cer'ehri seu 
 trilat'erus seu tricu«pida'li«, Psalis, Psalid'ium, 
 Cam'era, Tesfa'do cer'ebri, Arcus medulla' ris, (F.) 
 Trigone cerebral — (Ch.,) Voute a, trois piiiers, 
 Triangle Medullaire. A medullary body in the 
 brain, below the corpus callosum and above the 
 middle ventricle, on the median line. This body, 
 ■which is curved upon itself, terminates anteriorly 
 by a prolongation, which constitutes its anterior 
 pillar. Cms seu Colum'na forni'cis, (F.) Pilier 
 anterieur, and posteriorly by two similar prolon- 
 gations, called posterior pillars or crura. See 
 Achieolum, and Vault. 
 Fornix Cerebri, Fornix. 
 FORXPECKLES, Ephelides. 
 FORPEX, Scissors. 
 FORRET, Front. 
 
 FORSTERA'XIA DIFFORM'IS, EcM'tes dif- 
 form'is seu puher'tda; indigenous; Ord. Apo- 
 cynaeece : is said to be used as a -wash -with milk 
 to remove freckles. The juice destroys warts. 
 FORTIFIANT. Corroborant, Tonic 
 FORTRAITURE, Hysteralgia. 
 FORTYKNOT, Achyranthes repens. 
 FOSSA, Fo'vea, from fodio, fossum, '1 dig.' 
 Scamma. A cavity of greater or less depth, the 
 entrance to which is always larger than the base. 
 The fossee of bones have been called simple, when 
 they belong to one bone only, as the parietal 
 fossa; and compound, (F.) Fosses composees, 
 ■when several concur in their formation, as the 
 orhitar fossa, temporal fossa, &c. 
 
 Fossa, Amyg'daloid, Amyg'daloid excava'tion. 
 The space between the anterior and posterior 
 pillars of the fauces, which is occupied by the 
 tonsils. 
 
 Fossa Amtn't^. A kind of bandage, used in 
 fractures of the nose; so called, by G-alen, from 
 Amyntas of Rhodes, its inventor. It consisted 
 of a long band, applied round the head, the turns 
 of ■which crossed at the root of the nose. 
 Fossa Canina, Canine fossa. 
 Fossa Cerebel'li, (F.) Fosse cerehelleuse. The 
 inferior occipital fossa, which lodges the corre- 
 sponding portion of the cerebellum. 
 
 Fossa Corona'lis, Coro'nal or frontal fossa. 
 
 or coronal bone, which supports the anterior lobe 
 of the brain. 
 
 Fossa Coroxoi'dea, Cor' onoid fossa. A cavity 
 before the inferior extremity of the humerus, in 
 which the coronoid process of the ulna is engaged 
 during the flexion of the forearm. 
 Fossa Cotyloidea, see Cotyloid. 
 Fossa, Digas'tric, Fossa digas'trica. A deep 
 groove on the mastoid portion of the temporal 
 bone, which gives origin to the digastric muscle. 
 Fossa Ethmotda'lis, Ethmoid fossa. A shal- 
 low gutter on the upper surface of the cribri- 
 form plate of the ethmoid bone, in which is 
 lodged the expanded portion of the olfactory 
 nerves. 
 
 Fossa Genu, Poples. 
 
 Fossa Guttura'lis, Gut'tural fossa. The de- 
 pression which forms the guttural region of the 
 base of the cranium, between the foramen mag- 
 num and posterior nares. 
 
 Fossa Hyaloidea, see Hyaloid (Fossa) — f. 
 Iliac, see Iliac fossae — f. Infra-orbitar, Canine 
 fossa — f. Infra-spinous, see Infra-spinata fossa. 
 
 Fossa Innomixa'ta. The space between the 
 helix and antihelix of the ear. 
 
 Fossa, Ischio-rectal, Perineal fossa — f. Ju- 
 gularis, Jugular fossa — f. Lacrymalis, Lachry- 
 mal fossa — f. Lenticularis, see Hyaloid membrane 
 — f. Magna Muliebris, Yulva — f. Magna Sylvii, 
 Fissura S3-lvii. 
 
 Fossa, Mental, Fossa menta'lis. A small de- 
 pression on each side of the symphysis on tha 
 anterior surface of the body of the maxilla infe- 
 rior, for the attachment of muscles. 
 Fossa Navicclaris, Navicular fossa. 
 Fossa Occipita'lis, Occip'itnl fossa. The 
 occipital fossje are four in number: the superior 
 or cerebral, and the inferior or cerebeUous. They 
 are separated by a groove, which lodges the late- 
 ral sinus. 
 
 Fossa Ovalis, see Ovalis fossa — f. Palatina, 
 Palate — f. Patellaris, see Hyaloid membrane — f. 
 Perinai, Perineal fossa — f. Pituitaria, Sella Tur- 
 cica. 
 
 Fossa Poplite'a, PopUte'al fossa.. The hol- 
 low of the ham ; — the popliteal region. 
 
 Fossa, Portal, see Liver — f. Scaphoides, Na- 
 vicularis fossa. 
 
 Fossa Sigmoidea, Sidcus sintis latera'lis. A 
 broad deep groove on the inner surface of the 
 mastoid portion of the temporal bone, •which 
 supports part of the lateral sinus. 
 Fossa, Suborbitar, Canine fossa. 
 Fossa, Subpyram'idal, F. subpyramida'lis. A 
 deep fossa under the pyramid and behind the fe- 
 nestra rotunda in the middle ear, remarkable for 
 its constancy, and pierced by several foramina at 
 the bottom. 
 
 Fossa Sdpra-sphenoibalis, Pituitaria fossa — 
 f. of Sylvius, Fissure of S. — f. Temporalis, 
 Temporal fossa — f. Transversa, see Liver — f. 
 Umbilicalis, see Liver. 
 
 Foss^ Cerebra'les, Cer'ehral fossa. Fossae 
 or excavations at the base of the cranium. They 
 are nine in number: three occupy the median 
 line, and three are placed at each side. They are 
 distinguished into anterior, middle, and posterior. 
 Foss^ DiGiTALES, see Impression. 
 FOSSE BASIL AIRE, Basilary fossa—/. 
 Sous-epineuse, Infra-spinata fossa — /. Sus-epi- 
 neuse, Fossa supra-spinata. 
 
 FOSSES CONDYLOIDIENNES, Condylo- 
 idea foramina — ■/. Nasales, Ouverttcres posterieitres 
 des, Nares, posterior. 
 
 FOSSETTE {¥). Diminutive of /o«sa. Scro- 
 bic'idus, Both'rion. Several depressions are so 
 called. A dimpled chin, Fossette du menton, con- 
 sists in a slight depression, which certain persons 
 
 A depression on the orhitar plate 'of the frontal 1; have on the chin. 2. A dimple of the cheek, (F.) 
 
FOSSETTE 
 
 403 
 
 FR^NUM 
 
 Fossette des jones, a depression which occurs on i 
 the cheeks of certain persons when they laugh. 
 Scrobic'ulu9 cordis, Ant i car' d ion, Prmcor'dium, 
 (F.) Fossette du coeur. The depression observed 
 on a level with the xiphoid cartilage at the ante- 
 rior and inferior part of the chest. It is, also, 
 called pit of the stomach, (F.) Grevx de I'estoviac. 
 FOSSETTE, Fot'sv.la, A'nulus, Bothrium, is 
 also a small ulcer of the transparent cornea, the 
 centre of which is deep. 
 
 FOSSETTE ANGULAIRE DU QUATRI- 
 EME VENTRIGULE, Calamus scriptorius — /. 
 du Coeur, Scrobiculus cordis. 
 FOSSORIUM, Fleam. 
 
 FOSSULA, Argema, Fossa, Fossette, Fovea. 
 FOTHERGILL'S PILLS, see Pilulae aloes et 
 colocynthidis. 
 
 FOTUS, Fomentation — f. Communis, Decoctum 
 papaveris. 
 
 FOU, Insane. 
 
 FOUETS, Sempervivum tectorum. 
 FOUGERE DOUCE, Polypodium — /. Fe- 
 melle, Asplenium filix foemina, Pteris aquilina — 
 f. Grande, Pteris aquilina—/. Male, Polypodium 
 fills mas. 
 
 FOUL DISEASE, Syphilis. 
 FOULURE, Sprain. 
 
 FOUNDLING HOSPITAL, Brephotropheum. 
 FOURCHE, [¥.), fourche, 'cleft;' from/«rca, 
 ^a fork.' Aposte'ma Phalan'gum. A French 
 provincial term for small abscesses which form on 
 the fingers and hands of working people. Also, 
 an instrument, invented by M. J. L. Petit, for 
 compressing the ranine artery in cases of hemor- 
 rhage from that vessel. 
 
 EOUROHETTE', diminutive of fourche, 
 Fureil'la, a little fork, Fur' aula. A surgical 
 instrument used for raising and supporting the 
 tongue, during the operation of dividing the 
 fraanum. 
 
 Fourchette, in anatomy, is, 1. The posterior 
 commissure of the labia majora, called also, Frce- 
 lium, Frcs' nuluin puden'di, Fur'cula Lahio'rum ; 
 2. The cartilago ensiformis: so called from its 
 being sometimes cleft like a fork. Also, the 
 semilunar notch at the superior or clavicular 
 extremity of the sternum. 
 FOURMT, Formica. 
 FOURMJLLANT, Formicant 
 FOURMILLEMENT, Formication. 
 FOUSEL OIL, see Oil, fusel. 
 FO'VEA, — diminutive, Fove'ola, — from fodio, 
 '1 dig.' [?] Bothros. A slight depression. Fos'- 
 sula. The pudendum muliehre; see Vulva. The 
 fossa navicidaris. A vapour-bath for the lower 
 extremities. 
 
 Fovea Axillaris, Axilla — f. Elliptica, see 
 Crista Vestibuli — f. Hemisphserica, see Crista 
 Vestibuli — - f. Lacrymalis, Lachrymal fossa — f. 
 Oculi, Orbit — f. Ovalis, Ovalis fossa — f. Semi- 
 elliptica, see Crista Vestibuli — f. Sulciformis, see 
 Crista Vestibuli. 
 FOVEOLA, Fovea. 
 FOWER, Syncope. 
 FOXBERRY, Arbutus uva ursi. 
 FOX&LOVE, Digitalis. 
 FO YER, Fomes morbi. 
 FRACTIONNEMENT, Segmentation. 
 FRACTURA, Fracture — f. Dentis, Odonto- 
 clasis. 
 
 FRACTURE, Fraetu'ra, from frangere, frac- 
 tnm, 'to break,' 'bruise.' Catag'ma, C. Fraetu'ra, 
 Catax'is, Claeis, Olasma, Agnie, Agma, Diar'- 
 rhage. A solution of continuity in a bone, Os- 
 teoc'lasis. A simple fracture is when the bone 
 only is divided. A compound fracture is a divi- 
 sion of the bone with a wound of the integuments 
 communicating with the bone, — the bone, indeed, 
 
 generally protruding. In a com' minuted fracture, 
 Alphite' don, a\(ptTriiov, Carye' don Catag' ma, 
 Kapi<riSov Karayjia, the bone is broken into several 
 pieces; and in a compilicated fracture there is, in 
 addition to the injury done to the bone, a lesion 
 of some considerable vessel, nervous trunk, <fcc. 
 Fractures are also termed transverse, oblique, &c., 
 according to their direction. The treatment of 
 fractures consists, in general, in reducing the 
 fragments when displaced; maintaining them 
 when reduced; preventing the symptoms which 
 may be likely to arise; and combating them 
 when they occur. The reduction of fractures 
 must be effected by extension, counter-extension, 
 and coaptation. The parts are kept in apposition 
 by position, rest, and an appropriate apparatus. 
 The position must vary according to the kind of 
 fracture. Commonly, the fractured limb is placed 
 on a horizontal or slightly inclined plane, in a 
 state of extension; or rather in a middle state 
 between extension and flexion, according to the 
 case. 
 
 Fracture, Camerated, Camerosis — -/. en Rave, 
 Raphanedon. 
 
 Fracture of the Radius, Barton's, Bar- 
 ton's fracture. A term applied to a fracture of 
 the lower extremity of the radius, which com- 
 mences at the articular surface, and extends up- 
 wards for an inch or more, to terminate on the 
 dorsal aspect. Owing to the extensor muscles 
 drawing up the separated portion of the bone, 
 and with it the carpus, a deformity results, which 
 has been confounded with simple dislocation. In 
 consequence of the fracture having been well de- 
 scribed by Dr. John Rhea Barton, of Philadel- 
 phia, it is often called after him. 
 
 FRACTURES PAR RESONNANGE, see 
 Cont.rafissura. 
 
 FR^NA MORGAGNII, F. of the Valve of 
 Bauhin. 
 
 Fr^na of the Valve op Bauhin, (F.) Freina 
 de la valvule de Bauhin. A name given by Mor- 
 gagni to the projecting lines formed by the junc- 
 tion of the extremities of the two lips of the ileo- 
 cojcal valve. They are also called Frmna and 
 Retinae' itla Morgagn'ii. 
 
 FRiENULUM, see Fra;num, Bride — f. Clito- 
 ridis, Fraenum clitoridis — f. Epiglottidis, Glosso- 
 epiglottic ligament — f. Labiorum, Fourchette — f. 
 Novum, Tajnia semicircularis — f. Pudendi, Four- 
 chette. 
 
 Fr^'nulum Veli Medulla'ris Anterio'ris. 
 A narrow slip, given off by the commissure of the 
 encephalic testes, which strengthens the junction 
 of the testes with the valve of Vieussens. 
 
 FR^NUM, Fre'num, (F.) Frein, 'a bridle.' 
 Frm'nulum, Filel'lum, Filamen'tum. 'A small 
 bridle.' A bridle. Names given to several mem- 
 branous folds, which bridle and retain certain 
 organs. 
 
 Fr^num Clitor'idis, Frm'nulum Clitor'idis, 
 (F.) Frein du Clitoris. A slight duplicature 
 formed by the union of the internal portions of 
 the upper extremity of the nymphae. 
 
 Fr^num Epiglottidis, Glosso-epiglottic liga- 
 ment — f. Glandis, F. Penis. 
 
 Frjsnum Labio'rum, (F.) Frein des levres. 
 There are two of these ; one for the upper, the 
 other for the lower lip. They unite these parts 
 to the maxillary bone, and are formed by the 
 mucous membrane of the mouth. Also, the 
 Fourchette. 
 
 Fr^num Lingua, FrcB'nnlum seu Vtn'culum, 
 LingucB, Glossodes'mus, File'tum, (F.) Filet ou 
 Frein de la langue, is a triangular reflection, 
 formed by the mucous membrane of the mouth, 
 and situate between the inferior paries of that 
 cavity and the inferior surface of the tongue. 
 
FEAGAEIA 
 
 404 
 
 FRAXINUS 
 
 When the fraenum extends as far as the extre- 
 mity of the tongue, it cramps its movements, in- 
 terferes with sucking, &c. This inconvenience 
 is remedied by carefully snipping it with a pair 
 of scissors. The Erench call this I'operation du 
 filet. 
 
 Fb^num Penis, F. seu Frrn'mdum seu Vin'cu- 
 lum PrcBpu'tii, F. Glandis, Cy nodes' mion, Cyno- 
 des'mus, Vin'culum Cani'num, (P.) Filet ou Freiii 
 de la verge, is a membranous reflection which 
 fixes the prepuce to the lower part of the glans. 
 When too short, it prevents the prepuce from 
 sliding over the glans. 
 
 Fr^num Pr^putii, F. Penis. 
 
 FRAG A'RIA, from fragro, ' I smell sweetly.' 
 The Straicberry, Fraga'ria vesca seu vulgn'ris 
 seu semperjiorens, Chamce'batoe, (F.) Frahier. 
 Ord. Piosaceae. The fruit is agreeable and whole- 
 some, and the roots have been used as tonic and 
 slightly diuretic. The fruit is the Fragrum, 
 Kotiapov, of the ancients; (F.) Fraise. 
 
 Fragaria Anserina, Potentilla anserina — f. 
 Pentaphyllum, Potentilla reptans — f. Tormentilla 
 officinalis, Tormentilla. 
 
 Fraga'ria Virginia'xa, Wikl Strawberry. 
 An indigenous plant, which has astringent leaves. 
 
 FRAGHLE VITREUM, Fragilitas ossium. 
 
 FRAGIL'ITAS, Piuptibil'itas, irom frango, '1 
 break.' Fragility, Brittleness. The state of 
 being easily broken or torn. 
 
 FrAGIL'itaS Os'sium, Osteopsathyro'sis, Pa- 
 ros'tia frag"ilis, Brit'tlenes8 of the bones, Fria- 
 bil'ity of the bones, Frag"ile vit'reum. Patholo- 
 gists have given this name to the extreme facility 
 with which bones break in certain diseases of the 
 osseous texture. It is owing to a deficiency of 
 the animal matter. 
 
 FRAGMENT, Frogmen' turn, Frogmen, Ramen'- 
 tum, from frangere, fractum, 'to break.' The 
 French use this term for the two portions of a 
 fractured bone; thus, they speak of the superior 
 and the inferior fragment. 
 
 Fragments, Prec"ious. A name formerly 
 given, in Pharmacy, to the garnet, hyacinth, 
 emerald, sapphire and topaz. The Arabs falsely 
 attributed to them cordial and alixiterial pro- 
 perties. 
 
 FRAG ON, Ruseus. 
 
 FRAGUM, see Fragaria. 
 
 FRAISE, see Fragaria. 
 
 FRAISTER, Fragaria. 
 
 FRAMBOE'SIA, Framhe'sia, Lepra fun r/if era, 
 from framboise, (F.) 'A raspberry.' Syph'ilis 
 In'diea, Anthra'cia ru'bula. Thymio'sia, Th. seu 
 Lues In'diea, Vari'ola Amboinen'sin, Lepra fun- 
 gif'era, Scroph'ida Molacca'ua. The Yaws, 
 Fpian, Pian. A disease of the Antilles and of 
 Africa, characterized by tumours, of a contagious 
 character, which resemble strawberries, rasp- 
 berries, or champignons; ulcerate, and are ac- 
 companied by emaciation, The Pian, for so the 
 Indians call it, differs somewhat in America and 
 Africa. 
 
 Pian of Amer'ica, Framboe'sia America'na, 
 Anthra'cia Bu'bula Americana, occurs under 
 similar circumstances with the next, and seems 
 to be transmitted by copulation. The tumours 
 have a similar form, and are greater in propor- 
 tion to their paucity. In some cases they are 
 mixed with ulcers. 
 
 Pian of Guin'ea, Framboe'sia Guineen' sis, An- 
 thra'cia Ru'bula Guineen'sis, is common amongst 
 the negroes, especially in childhood and youth. 
 It begins by small spots, which appear on diffe- 
 rent parts, and especially on the organs of gene- 
 ration and around the anus ; these spots disap- 
 pear, and are transformed into an eschar, to 
 which an excrescence succeeds, that grows slowly, 
 and has the shape above described. 
 
 The treatment is nearly the same in the two 
 varieties. The tumours will yield to mercurial 
 friction, when small. When large, they must be 
 destroyed by caustic. In both cases, mercury 
 must be given to prevent a recurrence. 
 
 An endemic disease resembling yaws was ob- 
 served in the Feejee Islands by the medical offi- 
 cers of the United States' Exploring Expedition. 
 It is called by the natives Dthoke. 
 
 Frambcesia Illtrica, Scherlievo — f. Scotiea, , 
 Sibbens. ! 
 
 FRAMBOISE, Rubus idgeus. 
 
 FRANCOLIX, Attagen. 
 
 FRANGES SYNO VTALES, Svnovial glands. 
 
 FRANGIPANE. An article of food, prepared 
 by evaporating to dryness, in a water-bath, milk 
 mixed with almonds and sugar. 
 
 FRAXGULA ALNUS, Rhamnus frangula. 
 
 FRANKINCENSE, COMMON, see Pinus 
 abies — f. African Daniellia thurifera — f. Tree, 
 Daniellia thurifera — f. True, Juniperus lyeia. 
 
 FRANZENSBAD, FRANZBAD, or FRANZ- 
 ENSBRUNN, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 celebrated water at Eger, in Bohemia, which 
 contains sulphate of soda, carbonate of iron, 
 and carbonic acid gas. The springs are called 
 Franzensbrunnen. 
 
 FRAPPER, Percuss. 
 
 FRASERA, Calumba, American — f. Carolinen- 
 sis, see Calumba — f. Officinalis, see Calumba — f. 
 Vertieillata, Calumba American — f. AYalteri, see 
 Calumba. 
 . FRATER UTERINUS, see Uterinus frater. 
 
 FRATERNITAS, Adelphixia. 
 
 FRATRATIO, Adelphixia. 
 
 FRAXINELLA DICTAMNUS, Dictamnus 
 albus — f. White, Dictamnus albus. 
 
 FRAXINUS AMERICA'NA, White Ash; and 
 
 Fraxinus Qcadeaxgula'ta, Blue Ash, indi- 
 genous ; Ord. Oleaceae ; have bitter and astrin- 
 gent barks, and have been used as antiperiodics. 
 
 Fraxinus Apetala, F. excelsior — f. Aurea, F. 
 excelsior — f. Crispa, F. excelsior — f. Excelsa, F. 
 excelsior. 
 
 Frax'inus Excel'sior. The systematic name 
 of the Ash tree, Frax'inus Ornus seu Fraxinus 
 sylves'tris, F. apet'ala seu ait're.a seu crispa seu 
 excel'sa seu 2J^^>'dula seu verruco'sa, Biime'lia seu 
 3Incedon'ica Fraxinus, Bume'lia, (F.) Frene. 
 The fresh bark has a moderately strong, bitterish 
 taste. It has been said to possess resolvent and 
 diuretic qualities, and has been given in inter, 
 mittents, and in gout and rheumatism, and as an 
 antidote to serpent bites. The seeds, called 
 Birds' tongue, Lingua avis, Ornithoglos'sa, have 
 been exhibited as diuretics, in the dose of a 
 drachm. Its sap has been extolled against 
 deafness. 
 
 Fraxinus Floeifeka, F. ornus — f. Maeedo- 
 nica, F. excelsior. 
 
 Fraxinus Ornus, F. me'lia seu panicula'fa 
 senjiorif'era, Ornus niannif era seu rotundifo'Ha. 
 The systematic name of the tree whence manna 
 flows. This substance is also called Manna Cala- 
 bri'na, Ros Calabri'nus, Aerom'eli, Drosom'eli, 
 Drysom'eli, Mel ae'rium, Sueciu orni cotvere'tus. 
 In Sicily, not only the Fraxinus Ornus, but also 
 the F. rotundifolia and F. excelsior are regularly 
 cultivated for the purpose of procuring manna, 
 which is their condensed juice. In the Ph. U. S. 
 it is assigned to Ornus EaropcBa. Manna is in- 
 odorous, sweetish, with a very slight degree of 
 bitterness ; in friable flakes, of a whitish or pale 
 j-ellow colour ; opake, and soluble in water and 
 alcohol. It is laxative, and is used as a pur- 
 gative for children, who take it readily on ac- 
 count of its sweetness. More generally it is em- 
 ployed as an adjunct to other purgatives. Dose, 
 ^ss to ^ij. Its immediate principle is called 
 
FRAYEUR NOCTURNE 
 
 405 
 
 FRIGORIFIC 
 
 Mannite or Ilannin. This has been recorametided 
 by Magendie as a substitute for manna. Dose, 
 ^ij. for children. 
 
 Fraxinus Paniculata, F. Ornus — f. Quadran- 
 gulata, see F. Americana — f. Rotundifolia, F. 
 ornus. 
 
 FRAYEUR NOCTURNE, Panophobia. 
 
 FRECKBNS, Ephelides. 
 
 FRECKLED, see Ephelides, 
 
 FRECKLES. Ephelides. 
 
 FREEMAN'S BATHING SPIRITS, see Li- 
 nimentura saponis compositum. 
 
 FREIN, Fraanutn — /. du CUtoris. Fraenum 
 clitoridis — /. de la Langiie, Frajnum linguae — f. 
 des Lei:res, Frajnum labiorum — /. de la Verge, 
 Frrenum penis. 
 
 FRETNS DE LA YAL YULE DE BA UHIN, 
 Frsena of the valve of Bauhin. 
 
 FREINWALDE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These springs are in Brandenburg, twelve leagues 
 from Berlin. They contain chloride of sodium, 
 sulphate of magnesia, chloride of magnesium, sul- 
 phate of lime, carbonates of lime and magnesia, 
 iron, &c., and are used in asthenic diseases. 
 
 FREMISSEMENT, Shudderinsr. 
 
 FRPjMISSEMENT cat AIRE (F.), 'Cat's 
 purr.' Purring Tremor. Laennec has given this 
 name to the agitation which is sensible to the 
 hand, when applied on the prsecordial region, 
 and which he considers a sign of ossification or 
 other contraction of the auriculo-ventricular open- 
 ings. The name was chosen by him from the 
 analogy of the sound to the purring of a cat. " 
 
 FREMITUS, Bruissement, Fremissement, Shud- 
 dering. 
 
 The Pec'toral or Yocal Frem'itus, Pecloml 
 Vihra'tion, Tactile vibration, is an obscure dif- 
 fused resonance of the voice, which is felt when 
 the hand is applied to the chest. 
 
 A pric'tion frem'itus is perceptible to the 
 bands in many cases of pleurisy, when the sur- 
 faces of the pleura have become roughened from 
 deposition; as well as in rare eases of pericar- 
 ditis. 
 
 FRENA, see Alveolus. 
 
 FRENCH CRUST, Syphilis — f. Distemper, 
 Syphilis — f. Nut, Juglans regia — f. Pox, Syphilis. 
 
 FRENE, Fraxinus excelsior — /. Eipineux, 
 Xanthoxylum clava Herculis. — ■/. Saavaye, Sorbus 
 acuparia. 
 
 FRENGA, see Scherlievo. 
 
 FRENULUM, see Fraenum. 
 
 FRENUM, Frsenum. 
 
 FRET, Chafing, Herpes. 
 
 FR E TIL L EMENT, Fidgets. 
 
 FRETTING, Tormina. 
 
 FRICATIO, Friction. 
 
 FRICATORIUM, Liniment. 
 
 FRICE, Fricum, Frico'niiim. A medicine 
 which the ancients employed under the form of 
 friction. They distinguish the Friee siccum and 
 F. molle. — Gaubius. 
 
 FRICONIUM, Friee. 
 
 FRICTA. Colophonia. 
 
 FRICTIO, Friction — f. Humida, see Friction 
 ■ — f. Sicca, see Friction. 
 
 FRICTION, Fric'tio, Frica'tio, Anat'rihe, 
 Anntrip'ais, Tri/psis. Chirap'sia, from fricare, 
 frictum, ' to rub.' The action of rubbing a part 
 of the surface of the body more or less forcibly, 
 with the hands, a brush, flannel, &c., constituting 
 Xerofrib'ia, Xerotrip'sis, Fric'tio sicca or dry 
 friction; or with ointments, liniments, tinctures, 
 &c., constituting moist friction, Fric'tio hu'tnida. 
 It is a useful means for exciting the action of the 
 skin. 
 
 Friction Fremitus, see Fremitus — f. Sound, 
 Bruit de frottement. 
 
 FRICTRIX, Tribas, 
 
 FRICTUM, Liniment. 
 
 FRICUM, Friee. 
 
 FRIGEFACIENTIA, Refrigerants. 
 
 FRIGID, Frig"idus, (F.) Froid ; from frigeo, 
 'to be cold.' Cold. Not easily moved to sexual 
 desire; Lnbel'lio ad ven'erem. Impotent. 
 
 FRIGIDARIUM, Bath, cold. 
 
 FRIGID'ITY, Frigid'itas. Same etymon. A 
 sensation of cold. Also, impotence, and sterility. 
 Frigidity of the stomach is a state of debility of 
 that organ, imputed to excessive venery, — the 
 Anorex'ia exhausto'rum of Sauvages. 
 
 FRIGIDUS. Frigid. 
 
 FRIGORIF'IC, from frigus, 'cold,' and fio, 
 'I become.' That which has the power of pro- 
 ducing cold. The best Frigorific Mixtures are 
 the following. Their effects are owing to the 
 rapid absorption of heat when solids pass into 
 the liquid state. 
 
 Frigorific Mixtures with Sxow. 
 
 Mixtures. 
 Snow, or pounded ice, two 
 parts by weight ; 
 
 Chloride of Sodium 1. 
 
 Snow or pounded ice 5. 
 
 Chloride of Sodium 2. 
 
 Mur. of Ammonia 1. 
 
 Snow or pounded ice 24. 
 
 Chloride of Sodium 10. 
 
 Muriate of Ammonia 5. 
 
 Nitrate of Potash 5. 
 
 Snow or pounded ice 12. 
 
 Chloride of Sodium 6. 
 
 Nitrate of Ammonia 5. 
 
 Dilut. Sulph. Acid 2. 
 
 Snow ?>. 
 
 Concentr. Mur. Acid 5. 
 
 Snow 8. 
 
 Concentr. Nitrous Acid 4. 
 
 Snow 7. 
 
 Chloride of Calcium 5. 
 
 Snow 4. 
 
 Crystall. Chloride of Calcium .3. 
 
 Snow 2. 
 
 Fused Potash 4. 
 
 Snow 3. 
 
 Therm, falls. 
 
 r 
 
 to— 5== 
 
 o J 
 
 to— 12° 
 
 to— 18" 
 
 { to— 25° 
 from+.32° 
 
 to— 23° 
 from+32° 
 
 to— 27° 
 from +32° 
 
 to— 30° 
 from+32° 
 
 to— 40° 
 
 from+32° 
 
 to —50° 
 
 from+32° 
 
 to— 51° 
 
 Frigorific Mixtures may also be made by the 
 rapid solution of salts, without the use of snow or 
 ice. The salts must be finely powdered and dry. 
 
 Frigorific Mixtures without Snow. 
 
 Mixtnres. 
 
 Mur. of Ammonia 5. 
 
 Nitrate of Potash 5. 
 
 Water 16. 
 
 Mur. of Ammonia 5.] 
 
 Nitrate of Potash 5. 1 
 
 Sulphate of Soda 8. 
 
 Water 16. J 
 
 Nitrate of Ammonia 1. 1 
 
 Water 1. J 
 
 Nitrate of Ammonia 1. 
 
 Carbonate of Soda 1. 
 
 Water 1. 
 
 Sulphate of Soda 3. ) 
 
 Dilut. Nitrous Acid 2. ) 
 
 Sulphate of Soda 6.] 
 
 Mur. of Ammonia 4. ! 
 
 Nitrate of Potash 2. j 
 
 Dilut. Nitrous Acid 4. J 
 
 Sulphate of Soda 6. 
 
 Nitrate of Ammonia 6. 
 
 Dilut. Nitrous Acid 4. 
 
 Phosphate of Soda 9. 
 
 Dilut. Nitrous Acid 4. 
 
 Therm, falls. 
 
 from+50° 
 to— 10° 
 
 from +50° 
 to— 10° 
 
 from +50° 
 to— 4° 
 
 from+50° 
 to— 7° 
 
 from+50° 
 to— 3° 
 
 from +50° 
 to— 10° 
 
 from+50° 
 to— 14° 
 
 from+50'=' 
 to— 12° 
 
FRIGUS 
 
 406 
 
 FRUMENTUM 
 
 Mixtures. 
 
 Phosphate of Soda 9. 
 
 Nitrate of Ammonia 6. 
 
 Dilut. Nitrous Acid 4. 
 
 Sulphate of Soda 8. 1 
 
 Muriatic Acid 5. J 
 
 Sulphate of Soda 5.1 
 
 Dilut. Sulphuric Acid 4.1 
 
 Therm, falh. 
 
 from+50° 
 to— 21° 
 
 from+50° 
 to 0° 
 
 from+50° 
 to— 3° 
 
 FRIGUS, Cold— f. Tenue, see Rigor. 
 FRINGE TREE, Chionanthus Virginica. 
 FRISSON, Rigor. 
 FRISS0NNE3IENT, Horripilation. 
 FROGLEAF, Braseuia Hydropeltis. 
 FROG TONGUE, Ranula. 
 FROGS' SPAWN, Sperma ranarura. 
 FBOIT), Cold, Frigid—/. Glacial, Ice cold. 
 FROISSEMENT (F.), 'Rubbing, bruising.' 
 FROISSEMENT PULMONAIRE, Bruit de 
 froissement pulmonaire, Pulmonary crumpling 
 sound. A name given by M. Fournet to a respi- 
 ratory sound, which communicates to the ear the 
 sensation of the rubbing (froissement) of a tex- 
 ture compressed against a hard body. It is by 
 no means well defined. 
 
 FR6LE3IE3IT, (F.) 'Grazing or touching 
 lightly.' 
 
 FROLEMENT P^RICARDIQUE, Bruit de 
 frolement j^ericardique. Rustling noise of the 
 pericardium. A sound resembling that produced 
 by the crumpling of a piece of parchment or of 
 thick silken stuff, accompanying the systole and 
 diastole of the heart. It indicates roughness of 
 the pericardium induced by disease. 
 FROM AGE, Cheese. 
 FROMENT, Triticum. 
 FRONOEMENT, Corrugation. 
 FRONCLE, Furunculus. 
 FRONDE, Funda. 
 
 FRONT, Frona, Meto'pon, Forehead, Fore- 
 front, Fore-top, Brow, (Sc.) Forret. That part 
 of the visage, which extends from one temple to 
 the other, and is comprised in a vertical direction, 
 between the roots of the hair and the superciliary 
 ridges. 
 
 FRONTAL, Fronta'Us. From frons, frontis, 
 'the front.' Relating or belonging to the front. 
 This name has been given to several parts. Win- 
 slow, Sommering, and others, call the anterior 
 part of the oocipito-frontals — the frontal muscle 
 or fronta'liSfMusculo'sa Frontis Cutem movens sub- 
 stan'tia Par (Vesalius). 
 
 Frontal Artery, Arte'ria supra-orhita'iis, is 
 given off by the ophthalmic, which is itself a 
 branch of the internal carotid. It makes its exit 
 from the skull at the upper part of the base of the 
 orbit, and ascends the forehead between the bone 
 and the orbicularis palpebrarum ; dividing into 
 three or four branches, which are distributed to 
 the neighbouring muscles. 
 
 Frontal Bone, Os frontis seu corona'le seu in- 
 verecun' dum seu puppis seu sijncipi'itis seu prorm 
 seu ratio'nis, Meto'pon. A double bone in the foe- 
 tus, single in the adult, situate at the base of the 
 cranium, and at the superior part of the face. It 
 forms the vault of the orbit; lodges the ethmoid 
 bone in a notch at its middle part; and is articu- 
 lated, Ibesides, with the sphenoid, parietal, and 
 nasal bones, the ossa unguis, superior maxillary, 
 and malar bones. 
 
 Frontal Furrow extends upwards from the 
 frontal spine, and becomes gradually larger in its 
 course, to lodge the upper part of the superior 
 longitudinal sinus, and to give attachment to the 
 falx cerebri. 
 
 Frontal Nerve, Palp&hro-frontal — (Ch.), is 
 the greatest of the three branches of the ophthal- 
 mic nerve, — the first division of the 5th pair. 
 
 It proceeds along the superior paries of the orbit, 
 and divides into two branches: — the one, inter- 
 nal, which makes its exit from the orbitar fossa, 
 passing beneath the pulley of the oblique muscle: 
 — the other, external, issuing from tlie same ca- 
 vity by the foramen orbitarium superius. 
 
 Frontal Protu'berancb, F.tuheros'ity, Tuher 
 fronta'le, Suggrun'dium su2)ercilio'riim. The pro- 
 tuberance of the frontal bone above the super- 
 ciliary arch. 
 
 Frontal Si'ntjses, Fronta'les Sinus, Metopan' - 
 tra, Prosopan'ira, Sinus Supercilia'res seu pitui- 
 ta'rii frontis, Cavern' (b frontis, are two deep cavi- 
 ties in the substance of the frontal bone, sepa- 
 rated from each other by a median septum, and 
 opening, below, into the anterior cells of the eth- 
 moid bone. 
 
 Frontal Spine, Crista inter'na, is situate in 
 the middle of the under part of the bone, and is 
 formed by the coalescence of the inner tables for 
 the attachment of the falx cerebri. 
 
 Surgeons have given the name Fronta'lis to 
 a bandage or topical application to the forehead. 
 Such have, also, been called rpojjiETijyTiiSia and 
 ayanoWrjijaTa. 
 
 Frontal Tuberosity, Frontal protuberance. 
 
 FRONTA'LE, from frons, ' the forehead.' A 
 medicine applied to the forehead. 
 
 FRONTALIS ET OCCIPITALIS, Occipito- 
 frontalis. 
 
 Frontalis Verus, Corrugator supereilii. 
 
 FRONTODYMIA, see Cephalodymia. 
 
 FRONTO- ETHMOID FORAMEN, CEeeum 
 foramen — /. Nasal, Pyrnmidalis nasi—/. Sour- 
 cilier, Corrugator supereilii. 
 
 FROSTBITE, Congelation. 
 
 FROSTPLANT, Helianthemum Caiiadense. 
 
 FROSTWEED, Erigeron Philadelphicum, He, 
 lianthemum Canadense. 
 
 FROSTWORT, Helianthemum Canadense. 
 
 FROTH'Y, from Gr. a<ppos, 'froth.' [?] Spu- 
 mo'sus, (F.) Spumetix, Ecumetix, 3/ousseux. An 
 epithet given to the faeces or sputa, when mixed 
 with air. 
 
 FROTTEMENT, see Brriit de frottement. 
 
 FROTTEMENT GLOBULAIRE. A name 
 given by M. Simonnet, to the pulse in aortic re- 
 gurgitation, when it is jerking; and, in well 
 marked cases, appears as if the blood consisted 
 of several little masses, which passed in succes- 
 sion under the finger applied to the artery. 
 
 FRUCTIFICATIO, Fecundation. 
 
 FRUCTUS HORiEI, Fruit, (summer)— f. Im- 
 maturus, Abortion. 
 
 FRUGIV'OROUS, Frugiv'oms, from fruges, 
 'fruits,' and i^oro, 'I eat.' One that eats fruits. 
 
 FRUIT, Frucfns, from fruor, fructus, 'to en- 
 joy.' Carpos. In botany, the seed with its en- 
 closing pericarp. In a medical sense it may be 
 defined to be : — that part of a plant which is taken 
 as food. The eflFects of fruits on the body, in a 
 medical as well as a dietetical point of view, are 
 various. They may be distinguished into classes : 
 for, whilst the Cerealia, for example, afford fruits, 
 which are highly nutritious ; the Summer Fruits 
 (Fructus HorcB'i,) which include strawberries, 
 cherries, currents, mulberries, raspberries, figs, 
 grapes, <te., are refrigerant and grateful, but 
 afford little nourishment. 
 
 FRUIT-SUGAR, Glucose. 
 
 FRUMENT, Fru'menty, Fur'menty, from //•«- 
 mentum, 'wheat' or ' grain,' quasi //•!tf/me?iii(m / 
 iroxa. fruges, 'fruit.' Pottage made of wheat. 
 Food made of wheat boiled in milk. 
 
 FRUMEN'TUM. Same etymon. Sitos. Any 
 kind of grain from which bread was made; — ■ 
 especially wheat. 
 Frumentum, Triticum — f. Corniculatum, Ergot 
 
FRUSTRATOIRE 
 
 407 
 
 FUMIGATION 
 
 — f. Cornutum, Ergot — f. Luxurians, Ergot — f. 
 Temulentum, Ergot — f. Turgidum, Ergot. 
 
 FUUSTRATO[RE, (F.) Any liquor, taken 
 a short time after eating, for the purpose of as- 
 sisting digestion when difficult. Sugared water, 
 eaa sacree, or water with the addition of a little 
 brandy, or some aromatic substance, is commonly 
 used for this purpose. 
 
 FRUTEX B ACCIFER BRAZILIENSIS, Caa- 
 ghivuyo — f. Indicus sj)inosus, Cara schuUi. 
 
 FUCUS, F. vesiculosus, Paint. 
 
 Fucus Amyla'cecs, Jaffna, Ed'ihle or Ceylon 
 Jfoss, Ploca'ria can'dida, Gracila'ria seu SphcB- 
 rocue'cus seu Gic/arti'na seu Faciis licheiioi'des, 
 Marine Moss. This moss belongs to the natural 
 order Alga3. It was introduced some years ago 
 into England, from India. It is white, filiform 
 and fibrous, and has the usual odour of sea-weeds. 
 Its medical properties are similar to those of 
 Irish moss. 
 
 Fucus, Bladder, F. vesiculosus. 
 
 Fucus Ceispus, F. Ir'landicus, Lichen Car'ra- 
 geen, Chondrus (Ph. U. S.), Ch. crispus seu poly- 
 mor'phus, Sphcerocoo'cus crispus, JJlva crispa, 
 Irish Pearl, Car'rageen or Cor'rigeen moss, (F.) 
 Mousse d^Irlande on pierlee. This Fucus is found 
 on the coasts of England, Ireland, Western France, 
 Spain, and Portugal, and as far as the tropics. 
 It is also a native of the United States. In Ire- 
 land, it is used by the poor as an article of diet. 
 As met with in America, it is of a light yellow 
 colour, and resembles plates of horn, crisped and 
 translucent. An agreeable jelly is obtained from 
 it by boiling it in water or milk, which forms a 
 good article of diet in consumptive cases. Its 
 properties are indeed exactly like those of the 
 Iceland Moss. 
 
 Fucus Helminthocorton, Corallina Corsica- 
 na — f. Inflatus, F. vesiculosus — f. Irlandicus, 
 Fucus crispus — f. Lichenoides, F. amylaceus — f. 
 Saccharine, Rhodomela palmata. 
 
 Fucus Vesiculo'sus, Fucus, F. infla'tus, HaV- 
 idrys vesiculo'sa, Quercus Mari'nn, Bladder Fu- 
 cus, Sea Oak, Sea Wrack, Yelloto Bladder Wrack, 
 (P.) Varec vesiculeux, Chine marin. It has been 
 said to be a u.seful assistant to sea-water, in the 
 cure of disorders of the glands. When the wrack, 
 in fruit, is dried, cleaned, exposed to a red-heat 
 in a crucible with a perforated lid, and is reduced 
 to powder, it forms the jE'thiop)s vegetah'ilis — 
 the Pulvis Quercus Mari'na of the Dublin Phar- 
 macopoeia — which is used, like the burnt sponge, 
 la bronchocele and other scrofulous swellings. 
 Its efficacy depends on the iodine it contains. 
 Dose, gr. x to 5'ji mixed in molasses or honey. 
 See Soda. 
 
 FUGA D^MONUM, Hypericum perforatum. 
 
 FUGA'CIOUS, Fugax, fugacis, (F.) Fugace, 
 from fugere, ' to fly.' An epithet given to certain 
 symptoms, which appear and disappear almost 
 immediately afterwards; as a. fugacious redness, — 
 a, fugacious swelling. Tumor fugax, &G. 
 
 FUGAX, Fugacious. 
 
 FUGE, from fugo, 'I expel,' 'an expeller.' 
 A common suffix. Hence, Pebri/ii^re, Vermi- 
 fuge, &c. 
 
 FU'GILE, Fngil'la. This term has several 
 acceptations. It means, 1. The cerumen of the 
 ear. 2. The nebulous suspension in, or deposi- 
 tion from, the urine. 3. An abscess near the 
 ear. — Ruland and Johnson. 4. Abscess in general. 
 
 FUGILLA, Fugile. 
 
 FULGUR, Astrape. 
 
 FULIG"INOUS, Fuligino'sus, Lignyo'des, (F.) 
 Fuligineux, trooi fuligo, ful ig inis, 'soot.' Having 
 the colour of soot. An epithet given to certain 
 parts, as the lips, teeth, or tongue, when they 
 assume a brownish colour, or rather are covered 
 with a coat of that colour. Fuliginositxj. 
 
 FULI'GO, genitive fulig"inis, Lignys, Soot, 
 (F.) Suie, &c., Woodsoot, Fuligo Ligni, consists 
 of volatile alkaline salt, empyreumatic oil, fixed 
 alkali, &o. A tincture, Tinctu'ra FnHg"inis, 
 prepared from it, has been recommended as a 
 powerful antispasmodic in hysterical cases. (Fulig. 
 ^''9'"-3'J' potass, suhcarb. Ibss ; animon. viuriot. 
 ^y, aqucB fluviat. Oiij. Digest for three d;iys.) 
 This tincture bears the name Soot drops and Fit 
 drops. An ointment of soot has been used in 
 various cutaneous diseases. 
 
 Fuligo Alba Philosophorum, Ammonite mu- 
 rias. 
 
 FULIGO'KALI, from /»%o, 'soot,' and Mli, 
 'potassa.' This is an analogous preparation to 
 anthrakokali ; soot being used in the place of 
 coal. It is employed in the same diseases. What 
 might be regarded as a weak solution of fuligo- 
 kali has been used for many years in Philadel- 
 phia, under the names medical lye, soot tea, alka- 
 line solution, dys2:)ep)tic lye, and Physick's lye tea. 
 It is made by mixing a quart of hickory ashes ; 
 half a pint of soot ; and a gallon of boiling water ; 
 allowing the mixture to stand for twenty-four 
 hours, and decanting. 
 
 FULLERS' EARTH, Cimolia purpureseens. 
 
 FULMEN, Astrape. 
 
 FULMICOTON, see Collodion. 
 
 FULNESS, Reple'tio, Plen'itude^ Pletho'ra, 
 Eeple'tion. The state of being filled. Also, a 
 feeling of weight or distension in the stomach or 
 other part of the system. 
 
 FUMA'RIA, Fuma'ria ofUcina'lis seu we'dia, 
 Fumus terrcB, Capnos, Herba melancholif iiga, So- 
 la'men Scabioso'nim, Fu'mitnry, Common Fu'mi- 
 tory, Fumiter'ra, (F.) Fumeterre, Fiel de terre, 
 Pisse-sang. Ord. Fumariaceae. The leaves are 
 extremely succulent, and have a bitter, somewhat 
 saline, taste. The infusion of the dried leaves 
 and the expressed juice of the fresh plant have 
 been extolled for their property of clearing the 
 skin of many disorders of the leprous kind. 
 
 Fuma'ria Bulbo'sa, F. cava seu major, Borck- 
 hausen'ia seu CapnoV des cava, Aristolochi' a fa- 
 ba'cea seu cava seu vidga'ris rotun'da, Coryd'alis 
 bulbo'sa seu cava seu tubero'sa, Capnor'chis. The 
 root of this plant was formerly given as an em- 
 menagogue and anthelmintic. (F.) Fumeterre 
 bulbense. 
 
 Fumaria Cava, F. bulbosa — f. Major, F. bul- 
 bosa — f. Media, Fumaria — f. Officinalis, Fumaria. 
 
 FUMFTFRRE, Fumaria. 
 
 FUMIGATIO, Fumigation — f. Antiloimica 
 Gaubii, see Disinfection — f. Guytoniensis, see 
 Disinfection — f. Smythiana, see Disinfection. 
 
 FUMIGA'TION. Fumiga'tio, from fum us, 
 ' smoke.' Suffi'tus, Suffit"io, Suff'umina'tio, Suf- 
 fumig"ium, Suffimen'tum, Apocapnis'mus, Thymi- 
 a'ma, Epithymia'ma, Hypothymia'ma, Hypothy- 
 mia'sis, Thymia'sis, Oapmis' mos, Hypocapnis' mos, 
 Hypat'raus, Hypatmis' mus, Anathymia'sis. An 
 operation, the object of which is to fill a circum- 
 scribed space with gas or vapour, with the in- 
 tention either of purifying the air, of pei fuming 
 it, or of charging it with a substance proper for 
 acting upon a part of the surface of the human 
 body. See Sulphurous acid. Hence, fumigntions 
 have been distinguished into aqueous, aromatic, 
 sulphureous, mercurial, disinfecting, Guytonian, 
 &c. Benzoin generally constitutes the chief in- 
 gredient in the Fumigating Pastilles, to which 
 any variety of odoriferous substances may be 
 added. The following are formula. 
 
 ^.Benzoin, ^j ; cascarillcB, ^ss; myrrh, ^j ; 
 bl. myrist., ol. caryoph. aa gtt. s ; potasses nitrat. 
 ^ss; carbon, lign. ^vj; mucil. trag. q. s.— or 
 
 R. Benzoin, p. xvj ; Balsam. Tolut. p. ivj 
 Santal. alb. p. iv; Labdan. p. j ; Carbon. Lign. p. 
 xlviij ; Potass, nitrat. p. i j ; Trogacanlh. p. j; 
 
FUMITERRA 
 
 408 
 
 FUNICULUS 
 
 AcacicB, p. ij ; Aq. cinnam. p. xij. Reduce the 
 solid ingredients to powder, and mis the whole 
 into a plastic mass, which must he formed into 
 cones, flattened at the base, and dried, first in the 
 air, and afterwards in a stove. 
 
 FuMiGATiox, Chlorine, see Disinfection — f. 
 Nitrous, see Disinfection — f. Oxymuriatie, see 
 Disinfection. 
 
 FUMITERRA, Fumaria. 
 FUMITORY, Fumaria. 
 
 FUMUS ALBUS, Hydrargyrum— f. Citrinus, 
 Sulphur — f. Terra}, Fumaria. 
 
 FUXAMBULA'TIO, from funis, 'a cord,' and 
 ambulare, 'to walk.' An exercise with the an- 
 cients, which consisted in scaling ropes. 
 
 FUNC'TIO]^, Fiinc'tio, Ac'tlo, (F.) Fonction ; 
 irova. funr/or, functus, 'I act,' 'perform.' The 
 ajtion of an organ or system of organs. Any act, 
 necessary for accomplishing a vital phenomenon. 
 A function is a special office in the animal econo- 
 my, which has, as its instrument, an organ or appa- 
 ratus of organs. Thus resjiiration is a function. 
 Its object is the conversion of venous into arte- 
 rial blood, and its instrument is the lungs. The 
 ancient physiologists divided the functions into 
 vital, animal, and natural. They called vital func- 
 tions those which are essential to life, as innerva- 
 tion, circulation, respiration; animal functions, 
 those which belong to the encephalon; viz.: the 
 functions of the intellect, the affections of the 
 mind, and the voluntary motions ; and natural 
 functions, Faculta'tes sen Actio'nes natura'les, 
 those relating to assimilation, such as the actions 
 of the abdominal viscera, of the absorbent and 
 exhalant vessels, &c. Bichat divided the func- 
 tions into those which relate to the preservation 
 of the individual, and those that relate to the 
 preservation of the species. The former he sub- 
 divided into animal and organic. The animal 
 functions or functions of relation are those of the 
 intellect, sensation, locomotion, and voice. The 
 organic functions include digestion, absorption, 
 respiration, circulation, secretion, nutrition, and 
 calorification. The functions, whose object is the 
 preservation of the species — the organic, nutritive, 
 or vegetative functions — are all those that relate 
 to generation ;— such as conception, gestation, ac- 
 couchement, &c. Each of these admits of nu- 
 merous subdivisions in a complete course of 
 Physiology ; — for so the doctrine of the functions 
 is called. 
 
 FUXC'TIONAL, Functiona'lis, (F.) Fonction- 
 nel. Relating or belonging to the function of an 
 organ, or to the functions in general. 
 
 Functional or vital phenomena are those pro- 
 duced by some modification in the action of an 
 organ or organs, in contradistinction to those of 
 a material or physical character ; — thus we distin- 
 guish the functional 2^henomena of phthisis from 
 those indicated by physical diagnosis — the phys- 
 ical phenomena. 
 
 Functional Diseases, see Orsranic Diseases. 
 
 FUND A, 'a sling.' SyJien'done, (F.) Fronde. 
 A bandage, composed of a fillet or long com- 
 press, cleft at its extremities to within about two 
 inches of its middle. It is used in diseases of the 
 nose and chin, and especially in cases of fracture 
 of the lower jaw. In such ease it has, also, been 
 called JTentonniere, because placed beneath the 
 chin : from (F.) Menton, 'the chin.' 
 
 FUNDAMENT, Anus— f. Falling down of the. 
 Proctocele. 
 
 FUNDAMEX'TAL, from /(/nf^fire, 'to found; 
 to lay the bottom of any thing.' (F.) Fonda- 
 mental. Some anatomists have called the sacrum 
 Os Fundumenta'lc, because it seems to serve as a 
 base to the vertebral column. The sphenoid hone 
 has likewise been so denominated, from its being 
 situate at the base of the cranium. 
 
 FUNDUS, 'the bottom.' (F.) Fond. The 
 base of any organ which ends in a neck, or has 
 an external aperture; as the Fundus vesicae, F. 
 uteri, &c. Also, the Vulva. 
 
 Fundus Vagin.e, Laquear vaginas. 
 
 FUNES CORDIS, Column® carneae— f. Semi- 
 circulares. Semicircular canals. 
 
 FUNGIFORM PAPILLiE, see Papillse of the 
 Tongue. 
 
 FUN'GOID, FungoVdes, Myeo'des, Fungifor'- 
 mis, Fun'gifnrra, (F.) Fongo'ide, Fongiforme, from 
 fungus, 'a mushroom,' and cilios, 'resemblance.' 
 That which has the shape of, or grows in some 
 measure like a mushroom, as the fungoid or fun- 
 giform papillse of the tongue. 
 
 Fungoid Disease, Encephaloid. 
 
 FUNGOS'ITY, Fungos'itas, Caro luxu'rians 
 seu fungo'sa, Ecsarco'ma, Uypersarco'ma, Hy- 
 persarco'sis, Proud Flesh, (F.) Fongosite. Tho 
 quality of that which is fungous: — fungous ex- 
 crescence, Excrescen'tia fungo'sa. The fungosi- 
 ties which arise in wounds or ulcers are easily 
 repressed by gentle compression, dry lint, the 
 sulphas cupri, or other gentle caustics. At times, 
 the more powerful are necessary, and sometimes 
 excision is required. 
 
 FUNGOUS, Fungo'sns, (F.) Fongueux. Hav- 
 ing the characters of fungosity or fungus — as a 
 fungous wound. 
 
 FUNGUS, iVyces, {aipoYyo?,) (F.) Fongus, Cham- 
 pignon. The mushroom order of plants ; class 
 Cryptogamia, in the Linnsean system. In Path- 
 ology, the word is commonly used synonymously 
 with fungosity, myco'sis. M. Breschet has pro- 
 posed to restrict the term fungosity to vegetations 
 which arise on denuded surfaces, and to apply 
 the term fungus to the tumours which form in the 
 substance of the textures, without any external 
 ulceration. Fiei and warts, for example, would 
 be fungi of the skin. 
 
 Fungus Albus Saligneus, Dsedalea suaveo- 
 lens — f. Articuli, Spina ventosa — f. Bleeding, 
 Hasmatodes fungus — f. Cancrosus hsematodes, 
 nematodes F. — f. Cancrosus meduUaris, see 
 Encephaloid — f. Cerebralis, see Encephaloid — f. 
 Cerebri, Encephalocele — f. Chirurgorum, Lyco- 
 perdon — f. Cj'nosbati, Bedeguar — f. Faginosus, 
 Morchella esculenta— f. Hasmatodes, Hajmatodes 
 fungus — f. Igniarius, Boletus igniarius — f. Laricis, 
 Boletus laricis — f. of Malta, Cynomorion coeci- 
 neum — f. MeduUaris, see Encephaloid — f. Melan- 
 odes. Cancer, melanotic — f. Melitensis, Cynomo- 
 rion coccineum — f. Pctrseus marinus, Umbilicu.« 
 marinus — f. Quercinus, Boletus igniarius — f. Ro- 
 sarum, Bedeguar — f. Salicis, Dadalea suaveolens 
 — f. Sambucinus, Peziza auricula. 
 
 FUNIC BELLOWS' SOUND, see Bellows' 
 Sound, funic. 
 
 FUNICULI GRAC'ILES, (diminutive of 
 funis, 'a cord,') Paste' rior Me'dian Columns or 
 Fascic'rdi of the medul'la ohlonga'tn. Along the 
 posterior border of each corpus restiforme, and 
 separated from it by a groove, is a narrow white 
 cord, separated from its fellow by the fissura lon- 
 gitudinalis posterior. The pair of cords are the 
 funiculi graeiles. Each funiculus forms an en- 
 largement — processus clavatus — at its upper end, 
 and is then lost in the corpus restiforme. 
 
 FuNic'tJLi SiL'iQUiE. Longitudinal fibres seen 
 in the groove which separates the corpus olivare 
 from the corpus pyramidale and corpus restiforme. 
 They enclose the base of the corpus olivare, — those 
 which lie on its inner side forming the funic'ulua 
 inter'nus ; and those on its outer side the funicu- 
 lus externus. 
 
 FUNICULUS, Cord— f. Externus, see Funiculi 
 siliquee — f. Internus, see Funiculi siliquse — f. 
 Spermaticus, Spermatic cord — f. Tympani, Chorda 
 tympani. 
 
FUNIS 
 
 409 
 
 FUTUTRIX 
 
 FtJNIc'ULUS UmEILICA'jjs, Funis umhilica'h's. 
 Intestiii'ulum, Viit'culum umhiUca'le, Umbii'ic-al 
 cord, Navel string, diminutive of Funis, 'a cord.' 
 (F.) Cordon ombilicale. A cord-like substance, 
 whicli extends from the placenta to the umbilicus 
 of the foetus. It is composed of the chorion, am- 
 nion, an albuminous secretion called the Jelh/ of 
 the Cord, cellular substance, an umbilical vein, 
 and two umbilical arteries. The former conveys 
 the blood from the placenta to the foetus — the 
 latter return it. All these parts are surrounded 
 by a sheath — Investitu'ra seu Vagi' na funic' uli 
 umhiliea'lis. Its usual length is from 16 to 22 
 inches. 
 
 Funiculus Varicosus, Cirsocele. 
 
 FUNIS, Cord, Laqueus— f. Argenteus, Medulla 
 spinalis — f. Hippocratis, Achillis tendo — f. Umbi- 
 licalis, Funiculus umbilicalis. 
 
 FUNK, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 FUNNEL, see Infundibulum. 
 . FUR, Enduit. 
 
 FUPtCELLA, Fur'cida; diminutive of f urea, 
 'a fork.' The upper part of the sternum, the 
 clavicle. The Fourchette. 
 
 FuRCELLA Infeeior, Xiphoid cartilage. 
 
 FURCHMUHL, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These Bavarian springs contain carbonic acid, 
 sulphuretted hydrogen, carbonates of lime and 
 soda; chlorides of lime and magnesium, oxides 
 of iron and magnesium, &c. 
 
 FURCIFERA, Penis. 
 
 FURCILLA, Fourchette. 
 
 FURCULA, Furcella, Clavicle, Fourchette. 
 
 FURFUR UTERINE, Nymphomania. 
 
 FURFUR, (from far, 'bran,') Bran, Pit'yron, 
 Ach'yron, Apobras'ma, Lemma, Cantabru'no, (F.) 
 Son. The decoction is sometimes employed as 
 an emollient. 
 
 FURFURA, Scarf. 
 
 FURFURA'CEOUS, from furfur, 'bran.' 
 Scurfy, Canica'eeous, Pithyri'nnn, Pifi/roides, 
 Pityro'des, (F.) Furfurace. Resembling bran. 
 A name given to eruptions, in which the epider- 
 mis is detached in small scales resembling bran. 
 Also, a bran-like sediment observed at times in 
 the urine; — Urina furfura'cea, Sedimen'tum 
 Uri'ncB pityro'ides. 
 
 FURFURAMIDE, see Furfurine. 
 
 FURFURATIO, Desquamation, Porrigo, Pity- 
 riasis. 
 
 FUR'FURINE, Furfuri'na, from furfur, 
 'bran.' By the action of dilute sidphuric acid on 
 corn meal or bran an oil is obtained — furfurol or 
 furfurole. By the action of ammonia on this, 
 furfuratnide or furfurolamide results; and by the 
 action of dilute potassa on this the alkaloid fur- 
 furine is obtained. This was found by Professor 
 Simpson, of Edinburgh, to possess tonic, if not 
 antiperiodic, properties. 
 
 FURFURISCA, Pityriasis. 
 
 FURFUROL, see Furfurine. 
 
 FURFUROLAMIDE, see Furfurine. 
 
 FU'RIA INFERNA'LIS. A kind of vermi- 
 form insect, scarcely two lines long, common in 
 Sweden, which flies about and stings both man 
 and animals, exciting the most excruciating 
 torture. 
 
 FURIBUNDUS, Maniodes. 
 
 FURIOSUS, Maniodes. 
 
 FURIOUS, Maniodes. 
 
 FURMAGE, Cheese. 
 
 FURMENTY, Frument. 
 
 FURNAS, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 
 thermal chalybeate water in St. Michael's, Azores, 
 which contains carbonic acid, and carbonate of 
 iron. 
 
 FURONCLE, Furunculus. 
 
 FURONCLE GU&PIER. A malignant boil, 
 TFosjj's nest boil, which generally attacks the 
 nape and region of the neck, and rarely othel-s 
 than old people. Hence it has been called Old 
 Peoyjle's boil. 
 
 FURONCULEUX, Furuncular. 
 
 FUROR, Mania— f. Brevis, Rage — f. Mania, 
 Mania — f. Uterinus, Nymphomania. 
 
 FURRED, see Enduit. 
 
 FURROW, MENTO- LABIAL, see Mento- 
 labial furrow. 
 
 FURUN'CULAR, Furun'culous, Fnrunculo'sus, 
 (F.) Furonculeux. Relating or appertaining to 
 furunculus, — as 'a. furuncular epidemic' 
 
 FURUNCULI ATONICI, Ecthyma — f. Ven- 
 triculus, see Furunculus. 
 
 FURUN'CULOID, Furiinculoi'des. A hybrid 
 term, from furunculus, and ttiog, 'resemblance.' 
 Resembling furunculus, — as 'a furunculoid epi- 
 demic' 
 
 FURUN'CULUS, from furere, 'to be mad.' 
 Chi' adus, Chi'oli, Doth'ien, Dothion, Furun'culua 
 suppurato'rius, F. Verus, F. beniy'nus, Phyma fu- 
 run'cidus, Absces'sus niiclea'tus, a furuncle, a boil, 
 a bile, (Sc) Bruick, Bruk, (Prov.) Pinsweal, (F.) 
 Furoncle, Froncle, Clou. A small phlegmon, 
 which appears under the form of a conical, hard, 
 circumscribed tumour, having its seat in the der- 
 moid texture. At the end of an uncertain period, 
 it becomes pointed, white or j'ellow, and gives 
 exit to pus mixed with blood. When it breaks, 
 a small, grayish, fibrous mass sometimes appears, 
 which consists of dead areolar tissue. This is 
 called the Core, Setfast, Vcntric'ulus seu Nucleus 
 Furun'culi, (F.) Boiirbillon. The abscess does 
 not heal until after its separation. The indica- 
 tions of treatment are, — to discuss by the appli- 
 cation of leeches and warm fomentations, — or, 
 if thi^ cannot be done, to encourage suppuration 
 by warm, emollient cataplasms. When suppu- 
 ration is entirely established, the part may be 
 opened or suffered to break, according to circum- 
 stances. 
 
 The term blind boil is given to an indolent, 
 imperfectly suppurating, phlegmonous tumour, 
 of the kind described above, which is often seated 
 in a sebaceous follicle, as in Acne indurata. 
 
 Furunculus Gangr^nosus, Anthrax — f. Ma- 
 lignus. Anthrax. 
 
 FUSARIA VERMICULARIS, Ascaris vermi- 
 cularis — f. Visceralis et renalis, Strongylus 
 gigas. 
 
 FUSEE PURULENTE (F.). The long and 
 sinuous route which pus takes, in certain cases, 
 in making its way to the surface. These Fusees 
 almost always form beneath the skin between the 
 muscles; or along aponeuroses, bones, tendons, 
 
 FUSEL OIL, see Oil, fusel. 
 
 FUSIBLE, see Fusion. 
 
 FUSIBILITY, see Fusion. 
 
 FUSION, Fu'sio, 3felting, Liquefac'tion ; from 
 fundere, fusum, 'to melt.' In chymistry, the 
 transition of a solid body into a liquid by the aid 
 of heat. Substances capable of such transition 
 are said to he fusible ; or to be possessed oi fusi- 
 bility. 
 
 FUSTIC TREE, Cladastris tinctoria. 
 
 FUTUTRIX, Tribas. 
 
GAB 
 
 410 
 
 GALACTOPOSIA 
 
 a. 
 
 The Gfreek G, r, with the ancient Greek phy- 
 Bicians, signified an ounce. — Rhod. ad Scribonium. 
 
 GAB, Mouth. 
 
 GABALLA, Cabal. 
 
 GABELLA, Mesophryon. 
 
 GABIR'EA, yaj^ipsa. A fatty kind of myrrh, 
 mentioned by Dioscorides. 
 
 GADUS ^GLIPINUS, see Oleum jeooris 
 aselli — g. Callarias, see Oleum jecoris aselli — g. 
 Carbonarius, see Oleum jecoris aselli — g. Lota, 
 see Oleum jecoris aselli — g. Merluccius, see Oleum 
 jecoris aselli — g. Morrhua, see Oleum jecoris 
 aselli — g. Pollachius, see Oleum jecoris aselli. 
 
 G^OPHAGIA, Geophagism. 
 
 G^OPH'AGUS, from yaia, 'earth,' and (payia, 
 'I eat.' One who eats earth. 
 
 GAGEL, Myrica gale. 
 
 GAGUE SANG, Caque-sang. 
 
 GAHET, Gagot. 
 
 GAIAC, Guaiacum. 
 
 GAILLET ACCROCHANT, Galium aparine 
 — g. CrocJiant, Galium aparine — g. Jaime, Galium 
 verum — g. Vrai, Galium verum. 
 
 GAINE, Vagina or sheath — g. de V Apo2:ilnjse 
 Btyloide, Vaginal process of the temporal bone — 
 g. de la Veine parte, Vagina or sheath of the vena 
 porta. 
 
 GAITLING, Infans. 
 
 GALA, ya\a, genitive ya\aKTo?, milk ; hence : 
 
 GALACTACRA'SIA. from yaXa, and aKpaata, 
 ^imperfect mixture.' A morbid mixture or con- 
 stitution of the milk. 
 
 GALACTACRATIA, Galactia. 
 
 GALACT^'MIA, from ya\a, and 'aifna, 'blood.' 
 A condition of the blood in which it contains 
 milk. 
 
 GALACTAGOGA. Galaetopoetica. 
 
 GALACTAPOSTEMA, Mastodynia apostema- 
 tosa. 
 
 GALACTIA, GalactirrJioe'a, GctlaetorrTioe'a, 
 from yaha. Lactis redundan'tia, Polygalac'tia, 
 Galactoze'mia. A redundant flow of milk, either 
 in a female who is suckling, or in one who is not. 
 It may occur without being provoked by suck- 
 ling. When to a great extent, it sometimes causes 
 wasting ; Tabes lac'tea, T. nutri'cum. Dr. Good 
 uses Galac'tia, in his Nosology, for 'morbid flow 
 or deficiency of milk,' Galactacrati'a. 
 
 GALACflCUS, Lactic. 
 
 GALACTIDRO'SIS, from ya\a, and 'tSptaais, 
 'sweating.' Sweating of milk. 
 
 GALACTIFER, Galactophorous. 
 
 GALACTINE, Casein. 
 
 GALACTINUS, Lactic. 
 
 GALACTIRRH(EA, Galactia. 
 
 GALACTIS, Galaxias. 
 
 GALACTIS'CHESIS, Galacfos'chesis, Lactis 
 reten'tio, from yaXa, and tax^iv, 'to restrain.' 
 Retention or suppression of milk. 
 
 GALACTITES, Galaxias. 
 
 GALACTOCATARACTA, Cataract, milky. 
 
 GALACTOCE'LE, Galacton'cus, Lactoce'le, 
 from yaXa, and kj/Xt;, 'a tumour.' Tumor lac'teus. 
 Distension of one or more of the galactophorous 
 sinuses by milk. Lactiferous engorgement. The 
 French use the term Poil for such engorgement; 
 a relic of an idea, as old as Aristotle, that a hair 
 swallowed may have obstructed one of the milk 
 tubes, which must be got rid of by sucking. 
 
 The name has, also, been given by Vidal de 
 Cassis to a tumour produced by an effusion of a 
 
 white liquid into the tunica vaginalis, which he 
 considered to be true milk. _ 
 
 GALACTODEN'DRON U'TILE, from ya\a, 
 and itv&pov, 'a tree.' Palo de Vacca, Arhol de 
 Leche, Cow tree of South America. Family, Ur- 
 tioacese. When an incision is made into the 
 trunk, a fluid similar to milk flows out, which is 
 agreeable and nutritious. 
 
 GALACTO'DES, from yaU, and ej^oj, 'resem- 
 blance.' In Hippocrates, the term signifies milk- 
 warm, and likewise a milky colour, as of the urine 
 — uri'iia galacto'des. 
 
 GALACTODI^'TA, Dles'ta lac'tea, from ya\a, 
 and iiaiTa, 'diet.' A milk diet. 
 
 GALACTODIARRHCEA, Coeliac Flux. 
 
 GALACTOGANGLION, Milk knot. 
 
 GALACTOiliE'MIA, GalacthcB'mia, GaWmia, 
 from yaXa, and 'aijxa, 'blood.' Lactis sanguino- 
 len'ti Excre'tio. The secretion of bloody or 
 bloodlike milk. 
 
 GALACTOMASTOPARECTOMA, Mastody- 
 nia apostematosa. 
 
 GALACTOM'ETER, Lactom'eter, from yaXa, 
 and jicTpov, 'measure.' An instrument for appre- 
 ciating the quantity of cream in milk. It is a 
 kind of graduated separatory or ejyrouvette — the 
 degrees on the scale indicating the thickness of 
 the layer of cream that forms on the surface of 
 the milk. 
 
 GALACTONCUS, Galactocele. 
 
 GALACTOPH'AGOUS, Galactoph'agus, Lac- 
 tiv'orus, sometimes used substantively ; from 
 yaXa, and <payia, 'I eat.' That which feeds on 
 milk. A name given to certain people, with 
 whom milk appears to constitute the chief nou- 
 rishment. 
 
 GALACTOPHORA, Galaetopoetica. 
 
 GALACTOPHORITIS. Inflammation of the 
 galactophorous ducts. It has been inaccurately 
 used for ulceration of the top of the nipple 
 towards their orifices. 
 
 GALACTOPHOROUS, Lactiferous— g. Duets, 
 Lactiferous ducts — g. Receptacle, see Lactiferous 
 vessels — g. Sac, see Lactiferous vessels — g. 
 Sinuses, see Lactiferous vessels. 
 
 GALACTOPH'ORUS. Some accoucheurs have 
 given this name to an instrument intended to fa- 
 cilitate sucking, when the faulty conformation of 
 the nipple prevents the child from laying hold 
 of it. 
 
 GALACTOPH'YGUS, from yaXa, and <ptvyuv, 
 'to shun.' That which arrests or disperses the 
 secretion of milk. Hence Galactoph'yga Medi- 
 camen'ta. 
 
 GALACTOPLA'NIA, ILetas'tasis seu Aber- 
 ra'tio seu Vies extraordina' rim lactis, Galactor- 
 rhoe'a erro'nea, from yaXa, and vXavrj, 'wander- 
 ing.' Extravasation of milk into the areolar 
 membrane. Secretion of milk elsewhere than 
 from the breasts. 
 
 GALACTOPLERO'SIS, from yaXa, and irX,,- 
 puais, 'repletion.' Redundance of milk. 
 
 GALACTOPOEA, Galaetopoetica. 
 
 GALACTOPOESIS, Galaetosis. 
 
 GALACTOPOET'ICA, GalactojA'ora, Galac 
 tago'ga, Galactopoe'a, from yuXa, and voieta, 'I 
 make.' Substances to which has been attributed 
 the property of favouring the secretion of milk 
 and augmenting its quantity. 
 
 GALACTOPOIESIS, Galaetosis. 
 
 GALACTOPO'SIA, from yaXa, and wms, 
 
GALACTOPOTES 
 
 411 
 
 GALIUM 
 
 'drink.' The drinking of milk. Treatment of 
 a disease by means of milk. 
 
 GALACTOP'OTES, Galactoj}' otus, Lactip'otor. 
 Same etymon. A drinker of milk. One sub- 
 jected to a milk diet. 
 
 GALACTOPYRA, Fever, milk. 
 
 GALACTOPYRETUS, Fever, milk. 
 
 GALACTORRHCEA, Galactia — g. Erronea, 
 Galaetoplania — g. Saccharata, Saccharorrhoea 
 
 GALACTOSACCHARUM, Saceharum lactis. 
 
 GALACTOSCHESIS, Galactischesis. 
 
 GALACTO'SIS, Galactopoie' 8is, Galaetopoe'- 
 sis, Secre'tio lactis; from ya\a. The secretion 
 or formation of milk. _ 
 
 GALACTOT'ROPHE, Galactotroph'ia, from 
 yaXa, and rpoijirj, 'nourishment.' Nourishment 
 by means of milk. 
 
 GALACTOZE'MIA, from ya\a, and ^i/^ta, 
 'loss.' Loss of milk. Also, Galactia. 
 
 GALACTU'CHOS, from ya\a, and t^i^iv, 'in 
 have.' Suckling. Giving milk. 
 
 GALACTURIA, Chyluria. 
 
 GALjEMIA, Galaetohajmia. 
 
 GALANGA, Maranta galanga. 
 
 GALANGAL, Maranta galanga. 
 
 GALANGALE, Cyperus longus. 
 
 GALARHCEUS LATHYRIS, Euphorbia la- 
 thvris — g. Palustris, Euphorbia palustris. 
 
 GALARIPS, Allamanda. 
 
 GALAX APHYL'LA, G. rotund[fu'Ua, Ery- 
 throrrlu'za rotundifo' lia ; Carpenter's leaf, Beetle- 
 weed ; indigenous; Order Ericacese. The root is 
 astringent, and the leaves, in domestic practice, 
 are applied to cuts and wounds. 
 
 GALAXIA, Thoracic duct. 
 
 GALAX'IAS, Galaeti'tes, Galac'tis ; from ya'Xa. 
 A milk stone. A stone supposed to be capable 
 of promoting the secretion of milk. 
 
 GALBANUM, see Bubon galbanum — g. Long- 
 leaved, Bubon galbanum. 
 
 GAL'BULUS, from galhus, 'yellow.' A kind 
 of congenital jaundice, in which the yellow colour 
 continues through life. It is rather a defect in 
 colour than a disease. — Vogel. 
 
 GALE, Myrica gale — g. Odorant, Myriea gale 
 — g. Scotch, Myriea gale — g. Sweet, Myrica gale. 
 
 GALE, Psora — g. Canine, Psoriasis — ff. Epi- 
 demiqve, Eczema — g. Miliaire, Psoriasis — g. 
 Seche, Lichen, Psoriasis. 
 
 GA'LEA. A helmet, from yaXta, 'a cat;' of 
 the skin of which it was formerly made. [?] A 
 name given to the amnios, and also to the band- 
 age of Galen. In Pathology, it indicates a head- 
 ach affecting the whole head. See, also. Caul. 
 
 Galea ApoNEnEOT'icA Cap'itis, Gn'lea ten- 
 din'ea Santori'ni, Ga'lea caji'itis, Memlra'na 
 epicra'nia. The tendinous expansion which 
 unites the frontal and occipital portions of the 
 ocoipito-frontalis muscle. 
 
 GALEAMAUROSIS, Amaurotic cat's eye. 
 
 GALEAX'CON, Galian'con, from ya^^sa, 'a 
 cat,' 'a weasel,' and ayKtov, 'an elbow.' Muste- 
 la'neus. One who has two short arms. 
 
 GALEA N'THROPY, Galeanthro'pia, from 
 yaXza, 'a cat,' and avSpoj-of, 'a man.' A variety 
 of melancholy in which the patient believes him- 
 self changed into a cat. An affection similar to 
 lycanthropy and cynanthropy. 
 
 GALE'GA, G. offioina'lis sen vxdga'ris seu Per'- 
 sica, Ruta capra'ria, Goat's Rue, (F.) Rue de 
 clievre, Faux Indigo. Ord. Leguminosse. It is 
 slightly aromatic, and was once used as a sudo- 
 rific and alexiterial in malignant fevers, &c. 
 
 Galega Apollinea, Tephrosia apoUinea — g. 
 Persica, Galega — g. Purpurea, Tephrosia apoUi- 
 nea — g. Toxicaria, Tephrosia toxicaria. 
 
 Galega Virginia'na, Tepliro' sia Virginia' na, 
 Turkey Pea, Hoary Pea, Devil's sTioestrings, Vir- 
 
 ginia Goat's rue or cat-gut, is used in some parts 
 of the United States as an anthelmintic. The 
 decoction of the root is given. 
 
 Galega Vulgaris, Galega. 
 
 GALENE, Graphites. 
 
 GALENEA, Graphites. 
 
 GALEN'IC, Galen'ieal, Galenicals, Gale'nius, 
 (F.) Galenique, from Galenus. That which re- 
 lates to the doctrine of Galen or to Galenism. Used, 
 substantively, for drugs that are not chymical. 
 
 Galenic Medicine, Galenism. 
 
 GA'LENISM, Galen'ic med'ieine. The doc- 
 trine of Galen. 
 
 GA'LENIST, Galenis'ta, Galenis'tes. A fol- 
 lower of the doctrine of Galen. 
 
 GALENIUS, Galenic. 
 
 GALEOBDOLON, Galeopsis. 
 
 GALEOPDOLON, Galeopsis. 
 
 GALEOPSWE, Galeopsis grandiflora. 
 
 GALEOPSIS, Lamium album. 
 
 Galeop'siS, Galiop'sis, GaleoVdolon, Galeop'- 
 dolon, La'mium ruhrum, Urti'ca iners magna foe- 
 tidis'sima, Stachys fce'tida, Hedge nettle, (F.) 
 Ortie niorte des hois. Ord. LabiatEe. From yaAta, 
 'a weasel,' and oi^iy, 'appearance;' the corolla 
 having been supposed to resemble the head of 
 the weasel. This plant was formerly reckoned a 
 vulnerary and anodyne. 
 
 Galeopsis Axgustifolia, G. grandiflora — g. 
 Dubia, G. grandiflora. 
 
 Galeop'siS Geandiflo'ra, G. Ochroleti'ca seu 
 la'danum seu angustifo'lia seu du'bi'a seu pros- 
 tra'ta seu villo'sa, Tetrahit longiflo'rum, G. Seg"- 
 etum, Herha Sideri'tidis, (F.) Galeopside, Chanvre 
 bdtard. This plant is regarded in Germany as a 
 bitter resolvent. It is the basis, also, of a cele- 
 brated nostrum, the Blankenheimer Tea, called 
 likewise Lieher's pectoral and phthisical herbs 
 (Liebersche Brust oder Auszehrungs- 
 Krauter), which has enjoyed great repute in 
 pectoral complaints. The tops of the plant are 
 given in decoction (^j, boiled in a pint of water 
 for a quarter of an hour). This quantity to be 
 taken in a day. 
 
 Galeopsis Ladanum, G. grandiflora — g. Ochro- 
 leuca, G. grandiflora- — g. Prostrata, G. grandiflora 
 — g. Segetum, G. grandiflora. 
 
 Galeop'siS Versic'olor, is possessed of the 
 same virtues. 
 
 Galeopsis Vulosa, G. grandiflora. 
 
 GALEROPIA, Oxyopia. 
 
 GALEUX, Psoric. 
 
 GA'LIA. An ancient composition, in which 
 galls were an ingredient; the Galia pura. There 
 was also a Galia aromat'ica, moscha'ta seu ?hms- 
 ca'ta, which consisted of a mixture of several 
 perfumes, such as musk. 
 
 GALIAXCON, Galeancon. 
 
 GALIOPSIS, Galeopsis. 
 
 GALIP^A FEBRIFUGA, Cusparia febrifuga 
 — g. Officinalis, see Cusparia febrifuga. 
 
 GALIPOT, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 GA'LIUM, Gal'lium, (from ya\a, 'milk,' be- 
 cause some species curdle milk.) G. verum. 
 
 Galium Album, G. Mollugo. 
 
 Ga'lium Apari'xe, G. infest'um seu aparinoi'- 
 des seu brachycarp'on seu scaber'rimum, Valan'tia 
 apari'ne, Apari'ne, A. his'pida, Lapipa, Philan- 
 thro'pus, Ampelocar'puf, Oniphalocar'pus, IxHS, 
 Asphari' ne, Asper' ida. Goose-grass, Cleaver' a 
 bees, Cleavers, Goose-share, Robin-run-the-hedge, 
 Hayriff, (Old Eng.) Clitheren, (Prov.) Clider, Cli- 
 ver ; Order, RubiaceaB ; Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Mo- 
 nogynia. (F.) Gaillet occrochant,G. crochant,Grat- 
 teron. The expressed juice has been given as an 
 aperient diuretic in incipient dropsies ; also in 
 cancer ; and the decoction in Lepra and Psoriasis. 
 
 Galium Aparanoides, G. aparine. 
 
 Ga'lium Asprell'um, Rough bed-straw, RovgTi 
 
GALL 
 
 412 
 
 GANGLION 
 
 ladles' hed-sfraio ; indigenous; has the diuretic 
 properties of most of its genus. 
 
 Galium Brachycarpon, G. aparine — g. Cau- 
 casieum, G. verum. 
 
 Galium Circ^'zans, Wild Liquorice, Master 
 of the Woods. An indigenous plant, which flow- 
 ers from June to August. It is demulcent and 
 diuretic, and is a popular domestic remedy. 
 
 Galium Infeste, G. aparine — g. Luteum, G. 
 verum. 
 
 Galium Mollu'go, Galium album seu Tyro- 
 len'se, Alys'sum Plin'il, Greater ladles' bed-straw, 
 (F.) Calllelalt bla/ia. The herb and flowers have 
 been used medicinally in epilepsy. 
 
 Galium Odoratum, Asperula odorata — g. Sca- 
 herrimum, G. aparine. 
 
 Ga'lium Tincto'rum, an American species, 
 closely allied in properties to G. verum. 
 
 Galium Tyrolense, G. mollugo — g. Tubercu- 
 latum, G. verum. 
 
 Ga'lium Verum, Ga'lium, G. lu'teum seu Can- 
 ca'slcum seu tuhercula'tum, Ladles' bed-straxc, 
 Cheese -rennet, Bed -straw, Cleaveioort, Goose- 
 grass, Savoynn, Clabher-grass, llllksweet. Poor 
 Robin, Gravel-grass, (F.) Gaillet jaune ou vral, 
 Vrai Caillelalt. The tops were used in the cure 
 of epilepsy. The leaves and flowers possess the 
 property of curdling milk. 
 
 GALL, Bile, see Chafing, and Eczema impetigi- 
 nodes, Quercus infectoria, and Vitrum — g. of the 
 Earth, Prenanthes, P. alba — g. Nut, see Quercus 
 infectoria — g. of the Ox, see Bile— g. of the Skin, 
 Chafing — g. Turkey, see Quercus infectoria. 
 
 GALL-BLADDER, Veslc'ula fellls, Chol'e- 
 cyst, Cholecys'tls, F<dllc'ulns fellls, Cystls fel'lea 
 seu choled'ochus, Vesl'ca fellea seu billa'rin, 
 Vesic'nla bills, Follic'idus fel'leus, (F.) Veslcule 
 du fiel ou hillaire. Reservoir de la bile. A 
 membranous, pyriform reservoir, lodged in a su- 
 perficial depression at the inferior surface of the 
 right lobe of the liver. It receives, by the hepa- 
 tic and cystic ducts, a portion of the bile secreted 
 by the liver, when the stomach is empty, which 
 becomes in it more acrid, bitter, and thick. It 
 receives an artery, called the cystic. Its veins 
 empty into the vena porta. Its nerves come from 
 the hepatic plexus, and its lymphatic vessels join 
 those of the liver. 
 
 GALLA, see Quercus infectoria — g. Maxima 
 Orbiculata, see Quercus infectoria. 
 
 GALLiE QUERCUS, see Quercus infectoria— 
 g. Tinctorias, see Quercus infectoria — g. Turcicce, 
 see Quercus infectoria. 
 
 GALLATURA, Molecule. 
 
 GALLE DE CHENE, see Quercus infectoria. 
 
 GALLI GALLINACEI CAPUT, Gallinaginis 
 caput. 
 
 GALLINAG"INIS CAPUT, Galll gallina'cei 
 Caput, Caput gallina'ceum, Collie'ulns semina'lls, 
 Carnn'cnla semina'lis, Veru monta'num. Crista 
 nrethra'lis seu ttre'thrcs, Crete urethrale, — (Ch.,) 
 from gallinago, gallinaginis, 'a woodcock.' An 
 oblong, rounded projection, formed by the mucous 
 membrane in the spongy portion of the urethra, 
 at the sides of which the ejaculatory ducts open. 
 
 GAL'LIPOT, (Prov.) Glumpot. Perhaps from 
 gala, 'finery.' [?] A pot painted and glazed, or 
 merely glazed, and commonly used to hold medi- 
 cines. 
 
 GALLITRICHUM, Salvia sclarea. 
 
 GALLIUM, Galium. 
 
 GALLS, see Quercus infectoria — g. Bussorah, 
 see Quercus infectoria — g. Mecca, see Quercus 
 infectoria. 
 
 GALLSICKNESS, Fever, Walcheren. 
 
 GALLSTONES, Calculi, biliary. 
 
 GALLUS, Eunuch. 
 
 GALREDA, Gelatin. 
 
 GALVANIA VELLOZII, Palicourea Marc- 
 graavii. 
 
 GALVANIC CAUTERY, see Moxa. 
 
 GALVANISATION, Galvanization. 
 
 GAL'VANISM, Galvanis'mus, Electrie"lta8 
 anima'lis seu Galvan'ica seu metal'lica, Irrita- 
 men'tum metallo'rnm seu metal'licum, Vol'taism, 
 Volta'ic or Chemical or Contact Electricity. Called 
 after Galvani. A series of phenomena, consisting 
 in sensible movements, executed by animal parts, 
 which are endowed with irritability, when placed 
 in connexion with two metallic plates of different 
 nature, between which a communication is esta- 
 blished by direct contact or by means of a metal- 
 lic wire. Galvanism has been employed medici- 
 nally in the same cases as electricity, and espe- 
 cially in neuralgic afl'ections. It is often applied 
 in the form of plates, — " Hansford's plates." In 
 asthma, for example, a small blister, the size of a 
 dollar, may be placed on the neck over the course 
 of the phrenic and pneumogastric nerves, and 
 another on the side, in the region of the dia- 
 phragm. One metal is placed mediately or im- 
 mediately over the vesicated surface on the neck, 
 and another over that in the side. They are 
 then connected by means of a wire. The new 
 nervous impression, in this way induced, is often 
 signally beneficial. 
 
 GALVANIZATION, Galvanlsa'tio, (F.) Gal- 
 vanisation. The act of affecting with galvanism. 
 
 Galvanization, Lo'calized. (F.) Galvanisa- 
 tion localisee. A mode of employing galvanism, 
 proposed by Duchenne, of Boulogne, by which, he 
 conceives, the electric influence may be arrested, 
 at will, in the skin; or, without any incision or 
 puncture, the skin may be traversed, and the elec- 
 tric influence be limited to the organs which it co- 
 vers — to the nerves, muscles, and even the bones. 
 
 GALVANOPUNCTURE, Electropuncture. 
 
 GAMBA, Patella. 
 
 GAMBARUS, Crab. 
 
 GAMBIER, see Catechu and Nauclea gambir, 
 
 GAMBIR, see Catechu and Nauclea gambir. 
 
 GAMBOGIA, Cnmbogia. 
 
 GAMBOIDIA, Cambogia. 
 
 GAMMARUS, Crab. 
 
 GAM'MATA FERRAMEN'TA. Cauteries, 
 having the shape of the Greek letter V, gamma, 
 which were used for cauterizing hernije. 
 
 GAMMAUT, Gammot. The Italians, accord- 
 ing to Scultetus, gave this name to a kind of 
 crooked bistouri, used for opening abscesses. 
 
 GAMMISMUS, Psammismus. 
 
 GAMPHE, Gena. 
 
 GAMPHELE, Gena, Maxillary Bone. 
 
 GANGAME, Epiploon. 
 
 GANGAMUM, Epiploon. 
 
 GANGLIA CEREBRI POSTICA, Thalami 
 nervorum opticorum — g. Formative, see Ganglion 
 — g. Hemispherical, Hemispheres of the brain 
 — g. of Increase, see Ganglion — g. Nervorum, 
 Ganglions, nervous, see Ganglion — g. Respira- 
 tory, see Encephalon — g. Sensory, see Sensory 
 ganglia — g. Stomato-gastric, see Encephalon. 
 
 GANGLIAR, Ganglionic. 
 
 GANGLIATED, Ganglionic. 
 
 GANG'LIFORM, Gang'liofomi, Ganglifor'mis. 
 Having the shape of a ganglion. From ganglion, 
 and forma, 'form.' 
 
 GANGLIITIS, Ganglionitis. 
 
 GANGLI'OLUM, Diminutive of ganglion. A 
 sm.all sranglion. 
 
 GANGLIO'MA. A tumour of the glands or 
 of the lymphatic ganglions, and especially epi- 
 thelioma of them. — Nysten. 
 
 GANG'LION, Gang'lium. In anatomy, a name 
 generally given to a knot-like enlargement in the 
 course of a nerve. It is applied, however, to 
 organs differing considerably from each other in 
 
GANGLION 
 
 413 
 
 GANGRENE 
 
 size, colour, texture, functions, &c. They are 
 divided into glandiform, lymphatic, and nervous. 
 
 1. Glandiform ganglions, called also adenoid, vas- 
 cular, and sanguineous ganglions ; blind, aporie, 
 ductless, blood, and vascular glands; glandules 
 spuria, <fcc., are organs of whose functions we 
 are, in general, ignorant; and which have the 
 appearance of glands. They are formed of ag- 
 glomerated globules, pervaded by blood-vessels 
 surrounded by areolar membrane, and contain a 
 milky or yellowish fluid. To this class belong the 
 spleen, thymus, thyroid, and supra-renal glands. 
 They are, doubtless, concerned in sanguification. 
 
 2. Lymphat'ic ganglions. See Conglobate. 3. Ner- 
 vous ganglions, Ganglia seu Ganglio'nes seu Nodi 
 seu Nod'uli Nervo'rum, Tumo'rea seu Plexus 
 ganglioform'es, Plexus glandifor' mes, Tuher'cula 
 nodo'sa Nervo'rum, Uivertio'ula spirituum ani- 
 ma'lium, Ganglia of increase, Form' alive gang'lia. 
 Enlargements or knots in the course of a nerve. 
 They belong, in general, to the system of the 
 great sympathetic. One exists on the posterior 
 root of every spinal nerve, and on one cerebral, — 
 the 5th. Bichat regarded them as so many small 
 brains, or centres of nervous action, independent 
 of the encephalon, and intended exclusively for 
 organic life. Being formed by the union of the 
 cerebral and spinal nerves, they may send out 
 the influence of both these nervous centres to the 
 parts to which the nerves proceeding from them 
 are distributed. Ganglia are chiefly composed of 
 vesicular neurine; and appear to be concerned 
 in the formation and dispensation of nerve power. 
 
 Gaxgliox, (yayyXiov, Aetius.) Same etymon. 
 Emphy' ma encys'tis ganglion. A globular, hard, 
 indolent tumour, without change in the colour of 
 the skin ; of a size varying from that of a pea, to 
 that of an egg, and always situate in the course 
 of a tendon. The tumour is formed of a viscid, 
 albuminous fluid, contained in a cyst of greater 
 or less thickness. The cyst is sometimes loose; 
 but in the majority of eases it communicates, by 
 a narrow footstalk, with the sheath of a tendon, 
 or even with the synovial capsule of a neighbour- 
 ing articulation. The causes are generally un- 
 known. The treatment consists in compression, 
 percussion, the use of discutients, extirpation, or 
 incision. 
 
 Ganglion Abdoiiinale, G. semilunar — g. Ade- 
 noid, G. glandiform — g. of Andersch, Petrous 
 ganglion — g. Annular, see Ciliary ligament — g. 
 of Arnold, Oticum ganglion — g. Auricular, Oti- 
 cum G. — g. Azygous, see Trisplanehnic nerve — 
 g. Cardiac, Cardiac ganglion — g. Carotic or Ca- 
 rotid, see Carotid or Carotic nerve — g. Caver- 
 nous, see Carotid or Carotic nerve — g. Cerebelli, 
 Corpus dentatum — g. Cerebral, anterior. Corpora 
 striata — g. Cerebri Anterius, Corpora striata — 
 g. Cerebral, inferieur, grand, Thalami nervorum 
 opticorum — g. Cerebral, posterior, Thalami ner- 
 vorum opticorum — g. du Cervelet, Corpus denta- 
 tum — g. Ciliare, Corpus dentatum — g. Ciliary, 
 Ophthalmic ganglion — g. Corpuscles, see Neu- 
 rine. 
 
 Ganglion of Ehkenritt'er, Ganglion newi 
 glosso-pharynge'i supe'rius, G. jugula're supe'rius 
 seu Ehrenritt' eri seu Mull'eri. A reddish-gray 
 mass on the glosso-pharyngeal nerve in the fora- 
 men lacerum, above the ganglion of Andersch. 
 Ganglion op the Fifth Nerve, G. of Gasser. 
 Ganglion of Gasser, Gan'glium seu Gan'- 
 glion Gass'eri seu Gasseria'num seu semihtna're, 
 Moles garigliform'is, Intumeseen'tia gangliform'is 
 seu semiluna'ris, Tce'nia nervo'sa Hatl'eri, Gan- 
 glion of the fifth nerve. A semicircular knot on 
 the 5th pair of nerves, before its division into 
 three branches. 
 
 Ganglion, Glandiform, see Ganglion — g. 
 Globules,see Neurine — g. Impar, see Trisplanehnic 
 
 nerve — g. Jugulare superius, G. of Ehrenritter — g. 
 Laiteux, Milk-knot — g. of Laumonier, see Carotid 
 or Carotic nerve — g. Lenticular, Ophthalmic G. — 
 g. Lymphatic, Conglobate gland — g. 3/axillo- 
 tympanique, Oticum G. — g. of Meckel, Spheno- 
 palatine G. — g. MuUeri, G. of Ehrenritter — g. 
 Nasopalatine, see Nasopalatine ganglion — g. 
 Nervi glosso-pharyngei superius, G. of Ehrenrit- 
 ter — g. Nervous, Neuroma — g. Ophthalmic, see 
 Ophthalmic ganglion — g. Optic, Quadrigemina 
 tubercula — g. Orbitar, G. ophthalmic — g. Oticum, 
 Oticum G. — g. Petrosal, see Petrous ganglion. 
 
 Ganglion op the Pneumogas'tric. A gan- 
 glionic structure in the pneumogastric as it passes 
 through the foramen lacerum posterius. 
 
 Ganglion of Ribes. A nervous ganglion upon 
 the anterior communicating artery of the bruin, 
 and to be found at the point of junction of the 
 right and left trunks of the sympathetic. 
 
 Ganglion, Sanguineous, G. ghmdiform — g. 
 Semilunare, G. of Gasser, Ophthalmic ganglion 
 — g. Sensory, see Sensory ganglia — g. Solare, G. 
 semilunare — g. Sphenoidal, Sphenopalatine gan- 
 glion — g. Spinal, see Encephalon — g. Splanch- 
 nicura, G. semilunare — g. Snperieur du cerveau 
 (grand,) Corpora striata — g. of the Superior 
 Laryngeal Branch, see Pneumo-gastric nerves — 
 g. Surrenal, G. semilunare — g. Thyroid, see Tri- 
 splanehnic nerve — g. Transversum, G. semilunare 
 — g. Vascular, G. glandiform — g. Vertebral, see 
 Trisplanehnic nerve — g. de Vieussens, Coeliac 
 plexus. 
 
 GANGLIONARY, Ganglionic. 
 GANGLIONES NERVORUxM, Ganglions, 
 nervous. 
 
 GANGLION'IC, Ganglion'icus, Gan'glionary, 
 Gan'gliar, Gan'gliated, from ganglion, (F.) Gan- 
 glionnaire. Relating to ganglia. Nerves are so 
 called in the course of which ganglions are met 
 with ; as the greater part of the branches of the 
 great sympathetic or trisplanehnic, the posterior 
 roots of the spinal nerves, &c. Ganglionics, ac- 
 cording to Dr. Pereira, are agents, which affect 
 the ganglionic or great sympathetic system of 
 nerves, [?] — as stimulants and sedatives. 
 
 Ganglionic Nerve, Trisplanehnic nerve — g. 
 Nervous System, see Trisplanehnic nerve. 
 
 GANGLIONI'TIS, Ganylii'tis, from yayyliov, 
 'a ganglion,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of a nervous ganglion. Sometimes 
 used for inflammation of a lymphatic ganglion. 
 
 Ganglionitis Peripherica et Medullaris, 
 Cholera. 
 
 GANGLIONNAIRE, Ganglionic. 
 GANGLIUM, Ganglion — g. Gasseri, Ganglion 
 of Gasser. 
 
 GANGR^NA, Gangrene — g. Alopecia, Alo- 
 pecia — g. Caries, Caries — g. Nosocomiorum, Hos- 
 pital gangrene — g. Oris, Cancer aquaticus — g. 
 Ossis, Spina ventosa — g. Ossium, Caries — g. 
 Pottii, see Gangrene, and Gangrene of old people 
 — g. Pulmonum, Necropneuraonia — g. Senilis, 
 Gangrene of old people — g. Sphacelus, Sphacelus 
 — g. Tonsillarum, Cynanche maligna — g. Ustila. 
 ginea. Ergotism — g. Vaginte, Colpocace. 
 GANGR^NESCENTIA, Gangra^nosis. 
 GANGR^NICUS, Gangrenous. 
 GANGR^NODES, Gangrenous. 
 GANGRJilNOPS'IS, from yayypaiva, 'gan- 
 grene, and o\\,is, 'the countenance.' Cancer aqua- 
 ticus; also, gangrenous inflammation of the eye- 
 lids ; Blephari'tis gangrcs»o'sa. — Siebenhaar. 
 
 GANGR^NO'SIS, Gangrmnescen'tia, from 
 yayypaiva, 'gangrene.' The State of being gan- 
 grenous or of becoming gangrenous. 
 GANGRiENOSUS, Gangrenous. 
 GANGRENE, Gangrm'na, Canere'na, Hot mor- 
 tification, (F.) Gangrene, G. Chaude, Asphyxiedea 
 parties, from ypam, ypaivw, ' I eat.' Privation of 
 
GANGRENE DE LA BOUCHE 414 GARULEDM BIPINNATUM 
 
 life or partial death of an organ. Authors have 
 generally distinguished mortification into two 
 stages; naming the first inei-pient or gangrene. 
 It is attended with a sudden diminution of feel- 
 ing in the part affected ; livid discoloration ; de- 
 tachment of the cuticle, under which a turbid 
 fluid is effused; with crepitation, owing to the 
 disengagement of air into the areolar texture. 
 When the part has become quite black, and in- 
 capable of all feeling, circulation, and life, it con- 
 stitutes the second stage, or mortification, and is 
 called sj}hac"elus. Gangrene, however, is fre- 
 quently used synonymously with mortification, — 
 local asphyxia being the term employed for that 
 condition, in which the parts are in a state of 
 suspended animation, and, consequently, suscep- 
 tible of resuscitation. When the part is filled 
 with fluid entering into putrefaction, the affection 
 is called humid gangrene, (F.) Gangrene huniide : 
 on the other hand, when it is dry and shrivelled, 
 it constitutes rfr^ jraH^reiie y (F.) Gangrene seche. 
 To this class belongs the gangra'na seni'lis, G. 
 Pot'tii, Preshyosphac' elus, or spontaneous gan- 
 grene of old people, which rarely admits of cure. 
 Whatever may be the kind of gangrene, it may 
 be caused by violent inflammation, contusion, a 
 burn, congelation, the ligature of a large arterial 
 trunk, or by some inappreciable internal cause. 
 
 The treatment, both of external and internal 
 gangrene, varies according to the causes which 
 produce it. Gangrene from excessive inflamma- 
 tion is obviated by antiphlogistics ; and that from 
 intense cold by cautiously restoring the circula- 
 tion by cold frictions, &e. When the gangrene 
 has become developed, the separation of the 
 eschars must be encouraged by emollient appli- 
 cations, if there be considerable reaction ; or by 
 tonics and stimulants, if the reaction be insufli- 
 cient. 
 
 Gangrene, Hospital, see Hospital gangrene 
 — g. of the Lungs, Necropneumonia. 
 
 GANGRENE BE LA BOUCHE, Cancer 
 aquaticus — g. Chaude, Gangrene — g. Froide, 
 Sphacelus — g. Humide, see Gangrene — g. Seche, 
 see Gangrene — g. Hopital, Hospital gangrene — 
 g. du Poumon, Necropneumonia — g. des Solonois, 
 Ergotism. 
 
 GAN'GRENOUS, GangrcB'nicus, Gangrano'sus, 
 GangrcBHo'des, {¥.) Gangrhieux. Aff'ected with or 
 relating to gangrene. 
 
 Gangrenous Erosion of the Cheek, Cancer 
 aquaticus. 
 
 GAN.JAH, Gunjah. 
 
 GANTELET (P.), Chirothe'ca, Faa'cia digi- 
 ta'lis. Gauntlet; from (F.) gant, 'a glove.' A 
 sort of bandage which envelops the hand and 
 fingers like a glove. It is made with a long 
 roller, about an inch broad; and is applied so 
 that the fingers are covered to their tips, when 
 it is called Gantelet entier ou complet. The Demi- 
 gantelet includes only the hand and base of the 
 fingers. Both bandages are used in fractures and 
 luxations of the fingers, burns of the hand, <fec. 
 See Chirotheca-. 
 
 GANTS DES BABIES, Condom— gr. de Notre 
 Bame, Digitalis. 
 
 GAOL CACHEXIA, see Cachexia, gaol. 
 
 GAPING, Yawning. 
 
 GARANCE, Rubia. 
 
 GARCIN'IA CAMBO'GIA, G. seu Camhogia 
 gutta, Mangosta'na Camhogia. Ord. Guttiferae. 
 A tree of Ceylon, Family, Guttiferse, which affords 
 a concrete juice similar to Gamboge. 
 
 Garcinia Gutta, G. Cambogia. 
 
 Gaecin'ia Mangosta'na, Mangosta'na Gar- 
 cin'ia, from Garcin, who accurately described it. 
 The systematic name of the Mangostan' , Man- 
 gousian', Mangostine' or Mangosteen' tree, Man- 
 
 gosta'na. It grows in great abundance in Java 
 and the Molucca islands. The fruit, which is 
 about the size of an orange, is delicious, and is 
 eaten in almost every disorder. The dried bark 
 is used medicinally in dysentery and tenesmus ; 
 and a strong decoction has been much esteemed 
 in ulcerated sore throat. 
 
 Garcin'ia Purpu'rea. From this species a 
 concrete oil of Mangosteen is obtained, which is 
 called, in India, Kokum butter, Kokum being the 
 Indian name of Mangosteen. The oil is extracted 
 from the fruit by boiling. It is used in India in 
 cases of chaps. 
 
 GARDE-3IALABE, Nurse. 
 
 GARDENIA DUMETORUM, Randia dume- 
 torum— g. Spinosa, G. dumetorum. 
 
 GARDEROBE, Artemisia abrotanum. 
 
 GARDEROBES, Fseoes. 
 
 GARDINER'S ALIMENTARY PREPAKA- 
 TION, see Oryza. 
 
 GARDOUOHES, Vesiculae seminales. 
 
 GARETUM, Poples. 
 
 GARGALISMUS, Gargalus. 
 
 GAR'GALUS, Gar'gale, Gargalis'mus, Titil- 
 la'tio, Irrita'tio, Pruri'tus. Titillation, irritar 
 tion, itching. Also, masturbation ; and, rarely, 
 animal magnetism. 
 
 GARGAREON, Uvula. 
 
 GARGARISATIO, Gargarism, 
 
 GAR'GARISM, Gargaris'mus, Gargaris'ma, 
 Anagargalic'ton, Garguris'mum, Collu'tio, Bia- 
 clys'ma, Anagargaris' ton, Anagargarism' us, Ana- 
 conchylis'mus, Anaconchylias'mus, Titi II amen' turn, 
 from yapyapi^u), 'I wash the mouth,' 'I gargle.' 
 A gargle. Any liquid medicine, intended to be 
 retained in the mouth, for a certain time, and to 
 be thrown in contact with the uvula, velum pen- 
 dulum, tonsils, &a. For this purpose, the liquid 
 is agitated by the air issuing from the larynx, the 
 head being thrown back. Gargles are employed 
 in cynanche tonsillaris and other diseases of the 
 fauces, and are made of stimulants, sedatives, 
 astringents, refrigerants, &c., according to cir- 
 cumstances. 
 
 The process is termed gargling, gargarisa'tio. 
 
 The term colhito'rium or collutorium oris is ge- 
 nerally restricted to a wash for the mouth. 
 
 GARGET, Phytolacca decandra. 
 
 GARGLE, Gargarism. 
 
 GARGLING, see Gargarism. 
 
 GARG0UILLE3IENT, Borborygmus, Gur- 
 gling. See Ra,le muqueux. 
 
 GARLIC, Allium — g. Hedge, Alliaria— g. 
 Meadow, Allium Canadense. 
 
 GARLOCK, Sinapis arvensis. 
 
 GAROSMUM, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 
 GAROU BARK, Daphne gnidium, 
 
 GARRETUM, Poples. 
 
 GARROPHYLLIIS, Eugenia caryophyllata. 
 
 GARROT (F.), garrot, from garotter, 'to tie 
 fast.' A compressing bandage, tightened by 
 twisting a small cylinder of wood, by which the 
 arteries of a limb are compressed, for the purpose 
 of suspending the flow of blood in cases of hemor- 
 rhage, aneurism, amputation, &c. 
 
 GARROTILLO, Cynanche maligna. 
 
 GARRULITAS, Loquacity. 
 
 GARU'LEUM BIPINNA'TUM. A South Afri- 
 can plant, Ord. Compositse; known under the 
 name Snakeroot, from its reputed effects as an 
 antidote to the bites of venomous serpents. The 
 root is a great favourite with the Boers in chest 
 diseases — as asthma — and in affections in which 
 a free secretion from the mucous membrane of 
 the bronchia is indicated. It has diaphoretic 
 properties, and acts as a diuretic in gout and 
 dropsy. It is given in decoction or tincture. Dr. 
 Pappe thinks the root ought to have a place in 
 the Materia Medica. 
 
GARUM 
 
 415 
 
 GASTRITIS 
 
 GARTJM, yapov, Licul'men, Ziqva'men. The 
 ancient Romans gave this name to a kind of 
 pickle made by collecting the liquor which flowed 
 from salted and half-putrefied fish. It was used 
 as a condiment. — The Geoponics, Humelberg on 
 Apicius, Martial, &c. 
 
 GAR VANCE, Cicer arietinum. 
 GAS, see Gaz — g. Ammoniacale, Ammonia — 
 g. Animale sanguinis, Gaz sanguinis — g.Azoticum, 
 Azote — g. Azotieum oxygenatum, Nitrogen, ga- 
 seous oxide of — g. Hepaticum, Hydrogen, sul- 
 phuretted — g. Hydrogenium sulphuretum, Hy- 
 drogen, sulphuretted — g. Intoxicating, Nitrogen, 
 gaseous oxide of — g. Laughing, Nitrogen, gaseous 
 oxide of — g. of the Lungs, Gaz, pulmonary — g. 
 Nitrous, dephlogisticated. Nitrogen, gaseous oxide 
 of — g. Oxygenated muriatic acid. Chlorine — g. 
 Oxymuriatic acid, Chlorine — g. Palustre, Miasm, 
 marsh — g. Paradise, Nitrogen, gaseous oxide of 
 — g. Sulphuris, Sulphurous acid. 
 GASCARILLA, Croton cascarilla. 
 GASPING, Anhelatio. 
 
 GASTEIN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Gastein or Gasteiner Wildbad is in the Noric 
 Alps, Austria. The waters are thermal. Temp. 
 106° to 118° Fah. They contain sulphate of 
 soda, chloride of sodium, chloride of potassium, 
 carbonate of soda, carbonate of lime, magnesia, 
 manganese, iron, &c. 
 
 GASTER, yacrijp. The abdomen. At times, 
 but rarely, the uterus. Also, the stomach, in 
 particular ; Hence : 
 
 GASTERALGIA, Gastralgia. 
 GASTERANAX, from yaarvp, 'the abdomen,' 
 and ava^, 'a king.' A name given by Dolseus to 
 a hypothetical vital principle, corresponding to 
 the Archaeus of Van Helmont, the seat of which 
 he placed in the lower belly. See Bithnimalca. 
 
 GASTERANGEMPHRAXIS, Gasterangiem- 
 phraxis. 
 
 GASTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS, Gasterangem- 
 jihrax'is, Gasteremphrax'is. Obstruction of the 
 pylorus; from yaaTtip, 'stomach,' ayx<^, 'I stran- 
 gle,' and eiKppavcroi, ' I obstruct.' — Vogel. Also, 
 and properly, obstruction or congestion of the 
 vessels of the stomach. 
 GASTERASE, Pepsin. 
 
 GASTERASTHENI'A,7m6ec!7;'i7a«seu^<o;i'i-rt 
 seu Lax'itaa venfric'vli / from yaarrip, 'stomach,' 
 and aadtvua, 'debility.' Debility of the stomach. 
 GASTERATAXIA, Emharras gastrique. 
 GASTERECHE'MA, Gastreche'ma, Son'itus 
 gtomach'icus ; from yuortjp, 'the stomach,' and 
 VXlfO) 'sound.' Sound heard on auscultating or 
 percussing the region of the stomach, and referred 
 to that organ. 
 
 GASTEREMPHRAXIS, Gasterangiem- 
 phraxis. 
 
 GASTERHYSTEROTOMY, CiEsarean section. 
 GASTR^'MIA, from yaarrip, 'the stomach, 
 and 'atpa, 'blood.' Hyperemia of the stomach. 
 GASTRALGIA, Cardialgia. 
 GASTRANBURYSMA, Gastrectasis. 
 _ GASTRATROPH'IA, from yanrr,p, 'the sto- 
 mach,' and aTpo<pia, 'wasting.' Atrophy of the 
 stomach. 
 
 GASTRECHEMA, Gasterechema. 
 GASTRECTASIS, Gaetreeta'sia, Gastraneu- 
 rys'ma, Dilata'tio ventric'uli : from yaarrip, ' the 
 stomach,' and exTaai;, 'dilatation.' Dilatation 
 of the stomach. 
 
 GASTRELCOBROSIS, Gastrobrosis ulcerosa. 
 GASTRELCO'SIS, Ulcera'tlo seu Exulcera'tio 
 seu Ul'cera ventric'uli, from yacrtjp, ' the stomach,' 
 and 'tXfcuffis, 'ulceration.' Ulceration of the sto- 
 mach. When accompanied with hectic, it con- 
 Btitutes Gastrophthi'sis, Gastroph'thoe. 
 
 GASTRELYTROTOMIA, see Cesarean Sec- 
 tion. 
 
 GASTRENCEPHALO'MA, Gastromyelo'ma, 
 Gostromi/elo'sis, Gastroencejyhalo' sis; from yaorrip, 
 'the stomach,' and eyKe(paXos, 'the brain.' En- 
 cephaloid of the stomach. 
 
 GASTRENCHYTA, Stomach pump. 
 GASTRENTERIC, Gastroentericus. 
 GASTRENTERITIC, Gastroenteritic. 
 GASTRENTEROMALA'CIA, Gastrenteroma- 
 lax'is, from yaarrip, 'stomach,' evrepov 'intestine,' 
 and na\aKia, 'softening.' Softening of the sto- 
 mach and intestines. 
 
 GASTREPATICUS, Gastrohepatic. 
 GASTREPATI'TIS, Inflamma'tio ventric'vl; 
 et hep'atis; from yaarrip, 'stomach,' and '//Trap, 
 'liver.' Inflammation of the stomach and liver. 
 GASTREPIPLOICITS, Gastroepiploic. 
 GASTRERETHIS'IA; from ya<7r«p, ' sto- 
 mach,' and cpeOt^oj, 'I irritate.' Irritation of th« 
 stomach. 
 
 GASTRIC, Gae'tricus ; from yamrip, 'the sto- 
 mach.' Belonging or relating to the stomach. 
 
 Gastric Ar'teries are three in number, Ar- 
 te'ria gastro-epiplo'ica dcxtra, A. gastro-e2n2>loi' • 
 ea ainis'tra, and A. corona'ria ventri'ciiU. 
 
 Gastric Jdice, Suceus gas'tricus, 3Ien'strunm 
 seu Ferment' urn Ventric'uli, (F.) Sue Gastrique, 
 Gastric Acid. A fluid, secreted from the mucous 
 membrane of the stomach. As met with, it is a 
 mixture of the fluids secreted by that organ with 
 those of the supra-diaphragmatic portion of the 
 alimentary canal. Owing to such admixture, the 
 most contrary properties have been assigned to 
 it. That such a fluid is secreted, which concurs 
 powerfully in digestion, is evident from many 
 considerations, and has been positively proved 
 by the author and numerous others. It was found 
 by him to contain, in man ehlorohydric and acetic 
 acids. The gastric fluid in cases of sudden death 
 sometimes corrodes and perforates the stomach ; 
 giving rise to interesting questions in medical 
 jurisprudence. 
 
 Gastric Nerves. The two cords by which 
 the pneumogastric nerves terminate, and which 
 descend on the two surfaces of the stomach ; as 
 well as the filaments of the great sympathetic, 
 which accompany the gastric vessels. 
 
 Gastric Plexus, Plexus corona'rius ventric'- 
 uli. A nervous net-work, formed by the solar 
 plexus. It accompanies the Arteria coronaria 
 ventriculi, and passes along the lesser curvatura 
 of the stomach, to which it gives branches. 
 
 Gastric Vei.vs follow the same distribution as 
 the arteries, and open into the Venaporta abdominis. 
 GAS'TRICISM, Gastricis'mns, from yaarrjp, 
 'the stomach.' A name by which is designated 
 the medical theory, that refers all, or almost all, 
 diseases to an accumulation of saburras in the 
 digestive passages. 
 
 GASTRICTTE. Emharras gastrique. 
 GA S TKIL Q UE, Engastrimy th. 
 GASTRILOQUIST, Engastrimyth. 
 GASTRILOQUUS, Engastrimyth. 
 GASTRIMARGUS, Glutton. 
 GASTRINUM, Potash. 
 GASTRISMUS, Gluttony, see Saburra. 
 GASTRIT'IC, Gnstrit'iciis ; same etymon as 
 the rest. Relating to gastritis. 
 
 GASTRI'TIS, from yaarvp, 'the stomach,' and 
 itis, denoting inflammation. Ventric' idi inflam- 
 ma'tio, Cauma seu Emprea'ma seu Cnrdi'.d'gia 
 inflammato'ria, Febris stomach'iea inflamm-Uj'ria, 
 Inflamma'tio gastritis, I. ventric'uli seu sioyn'achi, 
 Phleg'mone ventric'uli, Inflammation of the sto- 
 mach, (F.) Inflammation de V Estomae, Gastritc, 
 Catarrhe gastrique. A disease, characterized by 
 pyrexia; great anxiety; heat and pain in the 
 epigastrium, increased by taking any thing into 
 the stomach ; vomiting and hiccup. Gastritis 
 may either be seated in the peritoneal or mucous 
 
GASTRO 
 
 41G 
 
 GASTROMALAXIA 
 
 coat. It is most frequently in the latter — Eao- 
 gastri'tis, Endogastri'tis, Gastromycoderi'tis, Gas- 
 tritis muco'sa — being excited directly by acrid 
 ingesta. It requires the most active treatment; 
 — bleeding, blistering, fomentations, diluents, &c. 
 Some degree of inflammation of the mucous coat 
 of the stomach was considered by the followers 
 of Broussais to be present in almost all fevers ; 
 and the various forms of dyspepsia have been 
 supposed by some to be nothing more than chronic 
 endogastri'tis. 
 
 Gastritis Artiiritica, Cceliagra. 
 
 GrASTRO, from yaarrjp, 'stomach.' In compo- 
 sition, relating or appertaining to the stomach, 
 or belly. 
 
 GASTRO-ARTHRITIS, Gout — g. Ataxia, 
 Dyspepsia — g. Atonia, Dyspepsia — g. Bronchitis, 
 Fever, adenomeningeal — g. Enterite intense, Sy- 
 nocha — g. Enterite, with nervous affection of the 
 brain, see Typhus — g. Enteritis, follicular, Dothin- 
 onteritis ; see Typhus. 
 
 GASTROBRO'SIS, Perfora'tio ventric'uli, 
 Gastrorrhex'is, (F.) Perforntion de I'Estomac; 
 from gastro, and Bpcacrtg, ' the act of gnawing.' 
 Corrosion and perforation of the stomach. 
 
 Gastrobro'sis Uloero'sa, Gastrelcobro'sis. 
 Destruction and perforation of the coats of the 
 stomach by ulceration. 
 
 GASTROCB'LE, from gastro, and KvXn, 'a 
 tumour.' Hernia of the stomach, Hernia ventric'- 
 nli, (F.) Hemic de V Estomac. Hernia formed by 
 the stomach through the upper part of the linea 
 alba: a disease, the existence of which has been 
 doubted by many. See Epigastrocele. 
 
 GASTRO-CEPHALI'TIS; from gastro, Kz4>a^r,, 
 ' head,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of the stomach and head, — a not uncom- 
 mon concomitant of certain malignant fevers. 
 
 GASTROCHOLOSIS, Fever, gastric. 
 
 GASTROCNEME, Sura. 
 
 GASTROCNEMIA, Sura. 
 
 GASTROCNE'MII, from gastro, and Kvr,,iv, 
 'the leg.' The name of the two fleshy masses 
 which occupy the posterior and superficial part 
 of the leg, Gemelli ; (F.) Gastroenemiens, Ju- 
 meaux de lajamhe, Bifemoro-calcaniens — (Ch. ;) 
 the two constituting the Gastrocne'mius exter'nus, 
 of English anatomists. These muscles are dis- 
 tinguished into internal and external, which are 
 distinct ahove, but united at their inferior ex- 
 tremity. They are long, flat, and thick; and 
 arise — the former from the posterior part of the 
 outer condyle of the femur ; the latter, from the 
 pasterior part of the inner condyle of the same 
 bone. The aponeurosis, which unites these 
 muscles below, joins with that of the Solaris, and 
 forms with it, a large tendon, which, under the 
 name Tendo Achillis, is inserted at the posterior 
 part of the calcaneum. These muscles extend 
 the foot on the leg, and the leg on the foot. They 
 can, also, bend the leg and the thigh reciprocally 
 on each other. For the Gastrocnemius internus, 
 see Soleus. 
 
 GASTROCNEMIUM, Sura. 
 
 GASTROCOBLIACUS, Coeliac, 
 
 GASTROC(ELICUS, Coeliac. 
 
 GASTROCOLIC, see Epiploon, gastrocolic, 
 
 GASTROCOLICA, Cardialgia. 
 
 GASTROCOLI'TIS, from gastro, and kw\ov, 
 'colon.' Inflammation of the stomach and colon. 
 
 GASTROCOLPOTOMIA, see Cesarean sec- 
 tion. 
 
 GASTRODID'YMUS, Gastrod'ymus, Did'ymns 
 Symphyogas'trius, Psod'ymus ; from gastro and 
 iiSujxos, 'a twin.' A monstrosity in which twins 
 are united by the abdomen. 
 
 GASTRObUODE'NAL, Gastrodnodena'Ks ; 
 from gastro, and duodenum. Relating to the 
 stomach and duodenum. 
 
 GASTRO-DUODENITIS, (F.) Gastro-diiodi- 
 nite. Inflammation of the stomach and bowels, 
 an affection, which figured largely in the system 
 of Broussais. See Gastro-enteritis. 
 
 GASTRODUODENOPYRA, Fever, adeno- 
 meningeal. 
 
 GASTRODYNE, Cardialgia. 
 
 GASTRODYNIA, Cardialgia — g. Flatulenta, 
 Coliea flatulenta. 
 
 GASTRO-ELYTROTOMIA, see Cesarean sec- 
 tion. 
 
 GASTRO-ENTERAL'GIA.fromc^as^rajtvrepoi-, 
 'intestine,' and a\yos, 'pain.' Pain in the sto- 
 mach and intestines. 
 
 GASTRO ENTER'IC, Gastroenter'icus, Gas- 
 trenter'ic, Gastrenter'icus, Gastro-intes' final, from 
 gastro, and evrcpov, 'intestine.' Relating to the 
 stomach and intestine. 
 
 GASTROENTERITE, Gastroenteritis. 
 
 GASTROENTERIT'I C,Gastroenterit'icus, 
 Gastrenterit'ic, Gastrenterit'icus ; same etymon 
 as the next. Relating to gastroenteritis. 
 
 GASTROENTERI'TIS, Inflammatio ventric'- 
 nil et Intestino'rum, (F.) Gastro-enterite, Gastro- 
 enter'ic disease, from gastro, tvTtpov, 'an intes- 
 tine,' and itis, a sufiix denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine. 
 According to Broussais, the essential fevers of 
 authors are gastro-enteritis, simple, or compli- 
 cated. 
 
 GASTROEPIP'LOIC, Gastro-epiplo'icus, Gaa- 
 trepiplo'ieus, from gastro and cTrnrXoov, 'the epip- 
 loon.' That which relates to the stomach and 
 epiploon. 
 
 GastrgIspiploic Arteries, Gastric inferior 
 arteries, are two in number, and distinguished 
 into right and left. The right, also called Gastro- 
 hepat'ic, Gas'trica infe'rior dextra, Gastro-e2)ip- 
 lo'ica dextra, is furnished by the hepatic artei-y. 
 It descends behind the pylorus, and passes from 
 right to left, along the great curvature of the 
 stomach. It gives branches to the pancreas, 
 duodenum, stomach, omentum majus, and termi- 
 nates by anastomosing with the Gastro-ejiijilo'iea 
 sinis'tra, Gas'trica sinis'tra seu infe'rior si nis' tree. 
 This — the left — arises from the splenic artery. 
 It is of considerable magnitude, and passes from 
 left to right, along the great curvature of the 
 stomach, distributing its branches more particu- 
 larly to the stomach and omentum majus. It 
 terminates by joining the right gastro-epiploie. 
 
 Gastroepiploic Ganglions are the lymphatio 
 ganglions or glands, situate towards the great 
 curvature of the stomach, between the two ante- 
 rior laminK of the omentum majus. 
 
 Gastroepiploic Veins are distinguished, like 
 the arteries, into right and left. They empty 
 themselves; — the former, into the superior me- 
 senteric : the latter, into the splenic vein. 
 
 GASTROHiEMORRHAGIA, Hajmatemesis. 
 
 GASTROHEPAT'IC, Gastro-hepat'icus, Hep'- 
 ato-gas'tricus, Gastrepat'icus ; from gastro, and 
 'riTrap, rjTTarog, 'the liver.' Relating to the stomach 
 and liver. This name has been given to several 
 organs. See Epiploon, gastrohepatic, &c. 
 
 GASTRO- HEPATITIS. Simultaneous inflam- 
 mation of the stomach and liver. 
 
 GASTROHYSTEROTOMY, Cesarean section. 
 
 GASTRO-INTESTINAL, Gastro-enterie. 
 
 GASTROLIENALIS, Gastrosplenicus. 
 
 GASTROLITHI'ASIS, from gastro, and XtOta- 
 (Ttg, 'formation of stone.' The formation of con- 
 cretions, qastrol'ithi, in the stomach. 
 
 GASTROMALACIA, Gastromalaxia. 
 
 GASTROMALAX'IA, Gastro-mala' cia, Gas- 
 tromalaco'sis, Malacogas'ter, Malax'is ventric'uli, 
 Dissolu'tio ventric'uli, Emollit"io ventric'nli, 
 Pseudoj^hlogo'sis ventric'uli resohiti'va et colli- 
 
GASTROMANTIS 
 
 417 
 
 GAZ 
 
 qnati'va, Ifetamoi-pho'sis vcntriv'idi gelatinifor' - 
 mis, Ero'sio et perfora'tio sponta'nea ventn'.c'uH, 
 Resolu'tio et diabro'sis ventric'uli, (F.) Ramollisse- 
 ment de V Estomac, from gastro, and jia\a^iq, 
 ' softening.' Softening of the stomach, induced 
 at times by the gastric secretions after death, — 
 Resolu'tio ventric'uli autopep'tica. 
 
 GASTROMANTIS, Engastrimyth. 
 
 GASTROM'ELES, from gastro, and //tXo;, 'a 
 limb.' A monster with one or more supernume- 
 rary limbs on the abdomen. 
 
 GASTROME'NIA, from gastro, and nvv, 'a 
 month.' Vicarious menstruation from the sto- 
 mach. 
 
 GASTRO-MENINGITIS, Pever, gastric. 
 
 GASTROMETROTOMIA, Csesarean section. 
 
 GASTROMYCODERIS, see Stomach. 
 
 GASTROMYGODERITIS, see Gastritis. 
 
 GASTROMYELOMA, Gastroencephaloma. 
 
 GASTRONOSUS, Gastropathy. 
 
 GASTROPARAL'YSIS, Gastrople'gia, ParaV- 
 ysis ventric'idi ; from gastro, and -napaXvan, 
 ' paralysis.' Paralysis of the stomach. 
 
 GASTROP'ATHY, Gastropathi'a, Gaatron'- 
 osus, Gastronu'sus, from gastro, and rradog, ' dis- 
 ease.' Disease of the stomach. 
 
 GASTROPERIODYX'IA; Sool (India.) A 
 violent periodical neuralgic pain at the pit of the 
 stomach, not uncommon in Hindoostan. 
 
 GASTROPHREN'IC, Gastro-phreu'icus, from 
 gastro, and (pptve;, 'the diaphragm.' Belonging 
 to the stomach and diaphragm. 
 
 Gastrophrenic Ligament is a reflection of the 
 peritoneum, which descends from the inferior sur- 
 face of the diaphragm to the cardia. 
 
 GASTROPHTHISIS, Gastrelcosis. 
 
 GASTROPHTHOE, Gastrelcosis. 
 
 GA8TR0PLEGIA, Gastroparalysis. 
 
 GASTROPYRA, Fever, gastric. 
 
 OASTROPYRETUS, Fever, eastric. 
 
 GASTROR'APHY", Gastrorrha'jyhia, Gastror'- 
 rhaphe, Sutu'ra ahdomina'lis, from gastro, and 
 pa(pri, 'a suture.' The suture used for uniting 
 wounds penetrating the abdomen, when they are 
 too extensive or too unequal to be kept in contact 
 by position, adhesive plaster, or appropriate ban- 
 dages. The interrupted and quilled sutures are 
 those chiefly employed. 
 
 GASTRORRHAGIA, Hfemalemesis. 
 
 GASTRORRHEXIS, Gastrobrosis. 
 
 GASTRORRH(E'A, from gastro, and pti^, 'I 
 fl.ow.' BleniiorrJice'a seu Fhtxns ventric'uli, (F.) 
 Flux VJXiquevx de I'estomac, Catnrrhe stomacal. 
 A morbid condition of the stomach, which con- 
 sists in the secretion of an excessive quantity of 
 mucus from the lining membrane. Also, Coeliac 
 flux. 
 
 GASTROSCIR'RHUS, Indura'tio ventric'uli 
 scirrho'sa, Scirrhus seu carcino'ma ventric'uli. 
 Scirrhous induration or cancer of the stomach. 
 
 GASTROSCOPIA, Abdominoscopia. 
 
 GASTRO'SES. A generic name for. diseases 
 which are seated in the stomach. — Alibert. 
 
 GASTROSPLE'NIC, GastrospW nicus, Gaitro- 
 Uena'lis, from gastro, and a-nXrjv, 'the spleen.' 
 Relating to stomach and spleen. 
 
 GASTROSTENOSIS, Stricture of the stomach. 
 
 Gastrostemosis Cardi'aca et Pylor'ica ; 
 from gastro, and anvog, 'narrow.' Narrowness 
 of the cardiac and pyloric orifices of the stomach 
 from cancer of that organ. 
 
 GASTROT'OMY, from gastro, and Top>,, 'inci- 
 sion.' Several different operations have been so 
 called. 1. The Ca3sarean Section. 2. An inci- 
 sion made into the abdomen for the purpose of 
 removing some internal strangulation or volvu- 
 lus, or to reduce hernia, Laparot'owij : and, 3. 
 The opening made in the stomach, to remove a 
 21 
 
 foreign bod} vvhich tas passed into it through 
 the oesophagus. 
 
 GASTRYPERNEU'RIA, from gastro, 'x,^tp, 
 'above,' and vcvpov, 'a nerve.' Morbidly in- 
 creased activity of the nerves of the stomach. 
 
 GATEAU FEBRILE, Ague cake. 
 
 GATEUX (F.), from, gdter, 'to spoil.' A name 
 given, in the insane hospitals, and in the hospi- 
 tals for incurables and the aged, in France, to 
 persons who are incapable of attending to them- 
 selves, and have lost all sense of cleanliness. 
 
 GATHERING, Abscess, Suppuration. 
 
 GATTILIER, Vitex. 
 
 GAUDIA F(EDA, Masturbation. 
 
 GAULTHE'RIA, Gaulthe'ria seu Gualthe'ria 
 procum'hens, Gautie'ra repens. Mountain Tea, 
 Partridge Berry, Berried Tea, Grouseherry, Beer- 
 herry. Spice berry. Tea berry, Red berry, Winter- 
 green, Red berry Tea, Ground berry, Ground ivy, 
 Ground holly. Hill berry. Box berry. Chequer 
 berry, (F.) Gaultherie, Palommier, The du Ca- 
 nada, called after Dr. Gaulthier, of Quebec. Ord. 
 Ericacese. An American plant, which is one of 
 the principal articles of the materia medica of 
 some Indian tribes. The infusion of the leaves 
 is stimulant and anodj'ne, and is said to have 
 been used, with advantage, in asthma. The oil 
 — Oleum Gaultheria, Ph. U. S., — is used, chiefly 
 on account of its pleasant flavour, to cover the 
 taste of other medicines. 
 
 GAUNTLET, Gantelet. 
 
 GAUQUAVA, Smilax China. 
 
 GAUTIERA REPENS, Gaultheria. 
 
 GAY FEATHER, Liatris spicata. 
 
 GAYAC, Guaiacum. 
 
 GAYLUSSAC'IA RESINO'S A, F«cc?Vi»;« re- 
 sino'sum. Black Huckleberry. Order, Erieacese, 
 (called after the chemist, Gay-Lussac.) An indi- 
 genous plant, whose fruit is sweet and agreeable. 
 The leaves and root, as well as those of Gaylus- 
 SACIA DuMo'sA, Bwarf huckleberry, and of G. 
 Frondo'sa, Blue tangle, indigenous, are used in 
 decoction as astringents in diarrhoea, sore throat, 
 &e. 
 
 GAZ, Gas, Air. Van Helmont first designated 
 by this name, — the etymology of which is un- 
 known, — the carbonic acid developed in the vi- 
 nous fermentation. Afterwards, the term was 
 appropriated to every permanently elastic fluid ; 
 that is, which preserves its aeriform state at all 
 temperatures; and ultimately it was extended to 
 all aeriform bodies; — which were divided into 
 permanent and non-permanent gazes. The latter 
 are generally termed vapours: — they return to 
 the liquid state, when a portion of their caloric is 
 abstracted. The permanent gazes, or gazes pro- 
 perly so called, are numerous, and may b» di- 
 vided into three sections with regard to their 
 effects on the animal economy. 
 
 r Carbonic acid, ammoniacal 
 ! gaz,chloroh3'dric acid gaz, 
 deutoxide of azote, nitrous 
 acid gaz, and chlorine. 
 
 2. Neqativehi dele- f tt i 
 
 , V -^ \ Hydrogen, azote. 
 
 terious gazes. ( o j 
 
 { Oxygen, protoxide of azote, 
 
 3. Positively dele- J carburettedhydrogen,car- 
 terions gazes. \ ^0°'° o^'de, sulphuretted 
 
 " I hydrogen, and arseniuret- 
 
 [ ted hydrogen. 
 
 It is proper to remark that the term respii-ablc 
 has been very difi'erently employed by different 
 writers. Sometimes it has meant the power of 
 supporting life when applied to the blood in the 
 lungs. At others, all gazes have been deemed 
 irrespirable, which are incapable of being intro- 
 
 1. Irrespirable 
 gazes. 
 
GAZ DES BALLONS 
 
 418 
 
 GENERATIO 
 
 duced into the lungs by voluntary efforts, — with- 
 out any relation to their power of maintaining 
 vitality ; and this is perhaps the best sense. The 
 gazes were, at one time, employed in medicine, 
 under great expectations, — especially by the en- 
 thusiastic Beddoes ; but they are now scarcely 
 ever had recourse to. They differ, considerably, 
 in their effects on the animal economy. Some, 
 as oxygen, are exciting; others, as azote, de- 
 pressing; whilst others, again, as the Protoxide 
 of azote or laughing gas, produce the most sin- 
 gular effects. 
 
 GAZ DES BALLONS, Hydrogen. 
 Gaz, Pul'mokauy, Gaz of the lungs. A name 
 gived to the expired air; which contains — besides 
 common air, an increase of carbonic acid, water, 
 and some animal matter. 
 
 Gaz Sang'uixis, Gaz anima'le san'guinis, HriV - 
 itus seu Aura seu Vapor san'gninis, Sjiir'itus 
 rorif'erus, Hcp.mat'mus. The halitus, or vapour, 
 given off by freshly-drawn blood. 
 GAZEL, Ribes nigrum. 
 GAZELLE, Antilopus. 
 GEANT, Giant. 
 GEANTISME, see Giant. 
 GEBARPULVER, ErgoL 
 GEDE'OLA. The convex part of the liver. — 
 Du Cange. 
 
 GEILNAU, MINERAL WATERS OF. Geil- 
 nau is a village in the grand duchy of Nassau, at 
 no great distance from Frankfort. The waters 
 contain carbonic acid, carbonate, sulphate, and 
 phosphate of soda, chloride of sodium, carbonate 
 of lime, magnesia, and iron. 
 
 GEISMAR, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 mineral waters of Geismar, in Bavaria, are aci- 
 dulous chalybeates. 
 
 GEISUM, ytiBov, Getson. The part of the 
 frontal bone over the eyes. 
 
 GELAPPIUM, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 GELASINI DENTES, Incisive teeth. 
 GELASMUS, Canine laugh. 
 GELATIG"ENOUS. A hybrid term, from 
 gelatin, and yEvd) or yivi/au, 'to engender.' That 
 ■which forms gelatinous structure. Dr. Carpenter 
 restricts the term to substances yielding gelatin. 
 The propriety of this may well be questioned. 
 
 GEL'ATIN, Gelatine, Gelat'ina, Galreda, (F.) 
 Gelatine, from (F.) Gel^e, 'gelly or jelly.' From 
 (L.) Gelu, 'ice.' An immediate animal principle. 
 It is semitransparent, insipid, inodorous, inso- 
 luble in cold water, very soluble in hot, which it 
 thickens, and transforms into jelly on' cooling. 
 Gelatin is a nutritious substance ; and, when 
 dissolved in a considerable quantity of water, 
 forms an emollient fluid, much used in therapeu- 
 tics, but not the most easy of digestion. Two 
 forms of gelatin are admitted — the one glufin or 
 gelatin proper : the other chondrin. 
 
 Gelatin of Wharton, Gelat'ina Whartonia'na, 
 Jelly of the Cord. A soft, dense, fluid, gelatinous 
 substance, which envelops the umbilical cord, and 
 is conceived, by some, to be iaservient to the nu- 
 trition of the foetus. 
 
 GELATINA AQUATICA, Brasenia hydro- 
 peltis. 
 
 GELATINE DES CARTILAGES, Chondrin. 
 GELATINIFORM MATTER OF THE IN- 
 TESTINE, Albuminose. 
 
 GELAT'INOUS, Gelatino'sus, (F.) Gelattneux. 
 Relating, or appertaining to, or having the cha- 
 racter or appearance of gelatin or jelly. Viscid. 
 Gelatinous Nerve-fibre, see Nerve fibres. 
 GELATIO, Congelation. 
 GELDING, Castration. 
 
 GELEE, Gelly — g. c ntre le Goitre, Balsam, 
 'oduretted. 
 
 GELLY, Jelly, Jus gela'tum seu coagula'fiim, 
 Gelu, (F.) Gelee. Same etymon. A substance 
 of a soft consistence, tremulous, and transparent, 
 which is obtained, by an appropriate treatment, 
 from animal and vegetable matters : hence the 
 distinction into animal and vegetable jelly. The 
 former is merely a concentrated solution of gela- 
 tin, left to cool. 
 
 Vegetable Jelly is found in the juice of the cur- 
 rant, mulberry, and of almost all acid fruits, when 
 ripe. It is of itself colourless, but almost always 
 retains a little colouring matter of the fruit which 
 has furnished it. It has an agreeable taste ; is 
 scarcely soluble in cold water, but boiling water 
 dissolves it readily : the jelly is, however, almost 
 all deposited on cooling. If this aqueous solution 
 be boiled for a long time, it becomes analogous 
 to mucilage, and loses the property of being jel- 
 lied on cooling. 
 
 GELSEM'INUM NIT'IDUM, G. Sempervi'- 
 rens, Bigno'nia sempervirens, Yelloio Jes'samine. 
 The flowers, root, &e., of this shrub of the South- 
 ern States, Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia, N'at. 
 Ord. Apoeynese, are narcotic, and the effluvia 
 from the former are said sometimes to induce 
 stupor. 
 
 GELU, Gelly. 
 GELUS, Risus. 
 
 GEMELLI, Gastrocnemii, Ischio-trochanteri- 
 anus. Testicles. 
 
 GEMEL'LUS, Gem'inus, 'a twin,' Did'ymus, 
 (F.) ■lurneau, Jumelle, Besson, Bessonne. One of 
 two children, twins, born at the same accouche- 
 ment, or gestation. Also, relating to twins, as 
 'a ticin conception.' 
 
 Gesiellus Mus'culus. Cowper applies this 
 name to the long portion of the triceps brachialis 
 united to the inner portion. 
 
 GEMINI, Isehio-trochanterianus, Testicles. 
 GEMINUM CENTRUM SEMICIRCULARE, 
 Taenia semicircularis. 
 GEMINUS, Gemellus. 
 GEMIPOMA, Mamma. 
 GEMISSEMENT, see Moaning. 
 GEMMA, Granulation — g. Oculi, Crystalline. 
 GEMMATION, see Genemtion. 
 Gemmation, Generation by, see Generation. 
 GEMMIPAIilTE, see Generation. 
 GEMMIPAROUS, see Generation. 
 GEMUR'SA, a corn; also a name given by 
 the ancients to a disease seated between the toes; 
 — the nature of which is unknown to us. 
 
 GEN, Gen'esis, 'generation,' from yevvau}, 'I 
 make.' Hence 'RjArogen, Osteogeny, &c. 
 
 GENA. The Cheek, Genys, Parei'a, Gamphe, 
 Gamphe'le,Gnathos, Gnathmus, Mala, (Sc.) Wonge, 
 (F.) Joue. The cheeks form the lateral parts of 
 the mouth. Externally, they have no precise 
 limits : they are continuous, above, with the lower 
 eyelid; below, they descend as far as the base of 
 the jaw; before, they terminate at the alse nasi, 
 and at the commissures of the lips : and behind, 
 at the ear. Their thickness varies, according to 
 the degree of fatness of the individual. They 
 are formed of three layers; — one dermoid, ano- 
 ther muscular, and the third mucous. 
 GENCIVES, Gingivae. 
 6ENEANTHR0PY, Anthropogenia. 
 GENEI'AS, Lanu'go prima, Probar'bium. The 
 downy hairs, which first cover the cheek. Also, 
 a bandage which passes under the chin. 
 GENEION, Beard, Mentum. 
 GENERAL ANATOMY, see Anatomy — g. 
 Practitioner, Surgeon-apothecary. 
 GENE RALE, Influenza, 
 
 GENERATIO, Generation — g. ^quivoca, see 
 Generation — g. Calculi, Lithia — g. Homogenea, 
 
GENERATION 
 
 419 
 
 GENIAN 
 
 see Generation — g. Priraigena, see Generation — 
 g. Primitiva, see Generation — g. Originaria, see 
 Generation — g. Spontanea, see Generation. 
 
 GENERATION, Genera'tio, Gen'esis, Gemie'- 
 sis, Gone, Gonufi, Procrea'tio, Procreation, Breed- 
 ing, from (L.) geno, genere, genitnm, ytvia, or 
 Y^vvato, 'to engender.' Under ttiis name physi- 
 ologists comprehend the aggregate of functions, 
 which concur, in organized beings, towards the 
 production of their liind. The act of generation 
 means the union of the sexes. See Coition. The 
 writers of antiquity believed, that all organized 
 bodies are produced either by what is termed 
 univ'ocal or regular generation, Homogen'esis, 
 genera'tio homogen'ea, propaga'tio, which applies 
 to the upper classes of animals and vegetables, 
 or by spontaneous generation, Autogon'ia, keiero- 
 gen'esis, generatio heterogen'ea seu aquiv'oca seu 
 printiti'va seu priinig"cna seu origina'ria seu 
 spouta'nea, sponteparite (Duges), which they con- 
 sidered applicable to the very lowest classes only, 
 m the mushroom, the worm, the frog, &c. There 
 are still many distinguished naturalists who con- 
 sider that beings, low in the scale of animality, 
 are produced in the latter way. Spontaneous 
 generation and equivocal generation have been 
 regarded by many to be synonymous. Others, 
 however, mean by spontaneous generation, the 
 production of a new being from the mere combi- 
 nation of inorganic elements ; whilst by equivo- 
 cal generation they understand the evolution of 
 a new being from organized beings dissimilar to 
 themselves, through some irregularity in their 
 functions, or through the incipient decay or de- 
 generation of their tissues. As to the mode in 
 which regular generation is accomplished, there 
 have been many views. According to the doe- 
 trine of Hippocrates, and of the ancient philoso- 
 phers, the ovaries of the female furnish a prolific 
 fluid, similar to that of the male; and the fcetus 
 results from the mixture of the two seeds in cop- 
 ulation. Steno and others conceived, that the 
 ovaries contain ova, which are not developed 
 until vivified by the male sperm. Bonnet and 
 Spallanzani believed in the pre-existence of 
 germs, created since the origin of the world, but 
 encased in each other, and becoming developed in 
 succession ; whence it would follow that the ovary 
 of the first female must have contained the germs 
 of all subsequent generations: and that the num- 
 ber of these germs must go on always diminish- 
 ing, until ultimately extinct. This was the system 
 oi the evolution of germs. According to Leeuen- 
 hoek, the ovaries do not contain eggs, but vesicles 
 destined to receive animalcules ; which, ia his 
 view, live in the sperm. Thousands of these 
 animalcules are thrown into the uterus during 
 copulation, and the most expeditious and vigor- 
 ous reaches the ovary, after having scattered and 
 destroyed its competitors. BufFon — admitting 
 the hypothesis of the two seeds — supposed that 
 they were formed of molecules proceeding from 
 every part of the body of each parent: and that, 
 by a kind of elective afiinity, those which were 
 furnished by the head, the trunk, or the extre- 
 mities of the male parent, could only unite with 
 those proceeding from the same parts of the 
 female. Before him, Maupertuis, admitting, with 
 many of the ancient philosophers, the system of 
 Epigenesis, and adopting, as regarded the com- 
 position of the sperm, a theory analogous to that 
 of BufiFon, had supposed that the molecules, ca- 
 pable of being organized, were attracted towards 
 a centre; that the nose attracts the two eyes; 
 the body, the arms; the arms, the hands, <fcc,, 
 nearly as the particles of a salt, dissolved in a 
 liquid, arrange themselves in regular crystals 
 around the same nucleus. These and various 
 other systems have been successively proposed 
 
 and abandoned, and the mystery of generation 
 remains impenetrable. 
 
 The simplest kind of reproduction does not re- 
 quire sexual organs. The animal separates into 
 several fragments, which form so many new indi- 
 viduals. This is Fissip'arotis generation, Fiss'i- 
 parism, G. from fission, (F.) Fissiparite, Scisei- 
 paritS, Scission, Cloisonnement, lieprodiiction ou 
 Ifultipiic-ation merismatique. Gemmip'arons gene- 
 ration, (F.) Gemmipariti, Generation par Gemma- 
 tion, Surculation ou Jiourgeonnement, consists in 
 the formation of buds, sporules or germs on some 
 part of the body, which at a particular period 
 drop oflf and form as many new individuals. 
 These kinds of reproduction require but one pa- 
 rent — Monog"eny. In Ovip'arous generation, 
 (F.) Oviparite, the egg is hatched out of the body. 
 In ovovivip'rous generation, the new being is 
 hatched in the excretory passages. In vivip'a- 
 rous generation, the new individual is born under 
 its appropriate form ; and in marsu'piial or mar- 
 su'piate generation, the young being, born at a 
 very early stage of development, is received and 
 nourished in a marenpium or pouch. In alternate 
 generation, (F.) Generation alternante, the young 
 not only do not resemble the parent at birth, but 
 remain dissimilar during their whole life, so that 
 their relationship is not apparent until a succeed- 
 ing generation. Thus, the cercaria undergoes a 
 change into the distoma. See Metagenesis. All 
 these kinds of reproduction require the union of 
 sexes — Dig"eny. 
 
 All the acts comprising the function of genera- 
 tion in man may be referred to five great heads. 
 1. Copulation. 2. Concep>tion or fecundation. 
 3. Gestation or Pregnancy. 4. Delivery or Ac- 
 couchement ; and, 5. Lactation. 
 
 Generation, Act of, see Generation — g. Alter- 
 nate, see Generation, and Metagenesis — g. Equi- 
 vocal, see Generation — g. by Fission, see Genera- 
 tion — g. Fissiparous, see Generation — g. by Gem- 
 mation, see Generation — g. Gemraiparous, see 
 Generation — g. Marsupial, see Generation — g. 
 Organs of, female, see Vulva — g. Oviparous, see 
 Generation — g.Regular, see Generation — g. Spon- 
 taneous, see Generation — g. Univocal, see Gene- 
 ration — g. Viviparous, see Generation. 
 
 GEN'EROUS, Genero'sus. From genus, gene- 
 ris, ' a race ;' generosus, ' of a noble race, noble.' 
 A name given to wines which contain a greac 
 quantity of alcohol. 
 
 GENESIAL, Genital. 
 
 GENESIOL'OGY, Genesiolog"ic., from yevtcrt;, 
 'generation,' and \oyos, 'a discourse.' The doc- 
 trine of generation. 
 
 GENESIQUE, LE, Appetite, venereal. 
 
 GENESIS, Generation. 
 
 GENET, Spartium scoparium — g. d Balai, 
 Spartium scoparium — g. des Teinturiers, Genista 
 tinetoria. 
 
 GENETHLI'ACUS, from ytviBXioi, 'natal,' 
 'pertaining to nativity.' A name given by the an- 
 cients to certain astrologers, who, from the state 
 of the heavens at the time of the birth of an in- 
 dividual, predicted his future character and the 
 events of his life. 
 
 GENET'ICA, from ytvimq, 'generation.' Dis- 
 eases of the sexual functions ; the 6th cla^s ic 
 Good's Nosology. Also, agents that act on lhe> 
 sexual organs. — Pereira. 
 
 GENETICUS, Genital. 
 
 GENEVA, Gin, see Spirit. 
 
 GENEVRIER, Juniperus communis — g. Oxy^ 
 cedre, Juniperus oxycedrus. 
 
 GENGIVITE, Ulitis. 
 
 GENI, Genian. 
 
 GE'NIAN, Genia'nus, Ge'nial, from yrvuov, 
 ' the chin.' The Genian apoph'ysia or Process, 
 
GENICULATUM 
 
 420 
 
 GENTIANA 
 
 (F.) Apophi/se genienne ou gh\i. is situate at the 
 posterior part of the symphysis menti, and is 
 formed of four small tubercles. 
 
 GENICULATUM, see Corpora geniculata. 
 
 GENIE, Ge'nius. The French sometimes ap- 
 ply this term to dieases nearly synonymously 
 with nature/ as Genie {nflammatoire, G. bilieux, 
 G. adynamiqne. Some use it in the same sense 
 as type; Genie intermittent. The unwonted pre- 
 dominance of any mental faculty is also so called. 
 
 GENIEN, Genian. 
 
 GENIEVRE, Gin, Juniperus communis (the 
 berry. ) 
 
 GENIO, fFom yz\iiov, 'chin.' In composition, 
 means relating or appertaining to the chin. 
 
 GENI'O GLOSS US, Genio-hyoglos'swi, from 
 yevtiov, ' the chin,' and yXajo-n-a, ' the tongue.' 
 llesoglossus, 3/esoglot'tns, Nonx^s linrintB mus'cu- 
 lus. The name of a flat, triangular muscle, 
 which extends from the genian apophysis to the 
 inferior surface of the os hyoides and tongue, 
 which last it carries forward. 
 
 GENIOHYODES, Geniohyoideus. 
 
 GENIOHYOGLOSSUS, Genioglossus. 
 
 GENIOHYOIDES, Geniohyoideus. 
 
 GEl^l'ORYOlDEUS,Geniohyo'des,GenioJiyoi'- 
 des, Mento-bicorn'ens, from ytvewv, 'the chin,' and 
 'voubrii, 'the OS hyoides.' A muscle which arises 
 from the genian apophysis, and is inserted at 
 the anterior part of the body of the os hyoides. 
 Its use is to raise the os hyoides, and carry it 
 forwards. It may, also, contribute to depress 
 the lower jaw in contracting tOTiards the os 
 hyoides. 
 
 GENI'O-PHARYNGE'US, from ycruov, 'the 
 chin,' and (papvy^, ' the pharynx.' A name given, 
 by some anatomists, to a bundle of libres v/hich 
 passes from the lower jaw to the sides of the pha- 
 rynx, and forms part of the co>istrieior 2ihai-i/ngi3 
 superior. 
 
 GE''M10'PLAS'TY,Geni'oplas'tice, from yeveiov, 
 ' the chin,' and nXaacria, ' I form.' The operation 
 for restoring the chin. At times used instead of 
 Genyoplusty, for the operation for restoring the 
 cheel^ 
 
 GEk'IPA OBLONGIFO'LIA, Huito. A plant 
 of Peru, with the juice of which the Indians paint 
 their legs, to protect them against the stings of 
 insects. 
 
 GENIPI ALBUM. Achillea raoschata, Ar- 
 temisia rupestris — g. Blanc, Artemisia rupestris 
 — g. Verum, Achillea atrata. 
 
 GENISTA, Spartium scoparium — g. Canarien- 
 sis, see Pv,hodium lignum — g. Hirsuta, Spartium 
 scoparium — g. Scoparia, Spartium scoparium. 
 
 Genis'tA Spino'sA lN'mCA,Bahel Schulli. Ord. 
 Leguminosse. An oriental tree, a decection of 
 the roots of which is diuretic. The leaves boiled 
 in vinegar have the same effect.— Ray. 
 
 Gbnis'tA Tincto'eiA, GenistoVdes tincto'ria, 
 Spar'tinm tincto'rium, Dyers' broom or ireed, 
 Green iceed. Wood waxen, Woodwejc, (F.) Genet 
 des Teinturiers. A shrub cultivated in this coun- 
 try and in Europe. The flowering tops and seed 
 have been used in medicine. It has the same 
 properties as Spartium scoparium. 
 
 GENISTOIDES TINCTORIA, Genista tinc- 
 toria. 
 
 GEN'ITAL, Genita'lis, Genet'icus, Generatio'ni 
 inser'viens, Gene'sial, Gennet' icns. Same etymon 
 as Generation. That which belongs or relates to 
 generation. 
 
 Gen'ital Organs, Sex'ual Organs, Pudcn'da, 
 Nntura'lia, Natii'ra, jEdoe'a, Me'zen, Me'sa, Mo'- 
 rion ; Genital, Noble, Nat'ural or Private parte; 
 Priv'ities, Privy parts, Privy Members, the Parts, 
 Pars, Pars corporis seu obscoe'na, Fores, Partes 
 getiita'les seu generatio'ni inservien'tes seu obscoe'- 
 
 na, Me'dea, Veren'da, Pedes, Tngnen, Genila'lia, 
 Gennet'ica, Gymna, Membra pnden'da, Or'gana 
 generatio' ni inservien'tia, 0. sexua'lia seu genitci'- 
 lia,{E.) Organes genitattx, Parties genitales ouhon- 
 teuses ou genitoires ou nobles ou sexuelles ou na- 
 turelles, Les Parties, Genitoires. The parts that 
 are inservient to the reproduction of the species. 
 These are very different in the male and female. 
 In man, they are numerous; some secreting the 
 sperm, as the testicles and their appendages ; 
 others retaining it, as the vesicula seminales ; 
 and another for carrying it into the organs of the 
 female, — the penis. In the female, the parts of 
 generation form an apparatus, perhaps more com- 
 plicated than that of the male. Some are inser- 
 vient to copulation, as the vulva, vagina, &c., 
 others to conception and the preservation of the 
 product for a determinate time, as the uterus and 
 its appendages; whilst others concur in the ali- 
 mentation of the infant after birth, as the mammae. 
 
 GENITALE, Sperm— g. Caput, Glans. 
 
 GENITALIA, Genital organs —g. Viri, Pudi- 
 bilia. 
 
 GEN'ITO-CRURAL NERVE, Nervtts gen'ito- 
 crura'iis, Subpu'bial or Inter'nal in'guinal nerve. 
 A branch of the second lumbar nerve, which 
 passes through the psoas muscle, and, approach- 
 ing the femoral arch, divides into two branches, 
 — an internal, scrotal, or gen'ital, nervus sperma- 
 ticus seu pvden'chis exter'nus, and an external or 
 femoral cutaneous branch, lumbo-inguinalis. 
 
 GENITO- URINARY, see Uro-genital. 
 
 GENITOIRES, Genital Organs. 
 
 GENITU'RA. That which is fecundated or 
 engendered in the maternal womb. This word 
 has been used synonymously with embryo, foetus, 
 and infant. Also, the sperm; and the penis. See 
 Gone. 
 
 GENIUM, Mentum. 
 
 GENNESIS, Generation. 
 
 GENNETICA, Genital Organs. 
 
 GENNETICOCNES'MUS, from ytwr^riKOi, 
 'genital,' and Kvrjciios, 'itching.' Itching of the 
 genital organs. 
 
 GENNETICON'OSI, Genneticonu'si froijj 
 yivvrjTiKos, 'genital,' and voaos, 'disease.' Dis- 
 eases of the genitals. 
 
 GENNET'ICUS, Genital. 
 
 GEN'OA, CLIMATE OF. The climate of this 
 Italian city and its vicinity has been often selected 
 as favourable for the phthisical valetudinarian 
 during the winter ; but it is now admitted to be 
 decidedly improper for pulmonary affections, be- 
 ing subject to frequent and rapid changes of tem- 
 perature, and to dry cold winds from the north, 
 alternately with warm moist winds from the 
 south-east. — Sir James Clark. 
 
 GENONU'SI, Morhi sexus, from yivos, 'sex,' 
 and vovBOi, ' disease.' Sexual diseases. 
 
 GENOPLASTIC, Meloplastic. 
 
 GEN08, Sex. 
 
 GENOU, Genu. 
 
 GENOUILLES, {Corps,) Corpora geniculata. 
 
 GENOUILLET, Convallaria polygonatum. 
 
 GENRE, Genus. 
 
 GENSANG, Panax quinquefolium. 
 
 GENTIA, Gentianina. 
 
 GENTIAN, (from Gentius, King of Ulyria, who 
 used some species medicinally), Gentiana lutea, 
 Triosteum — g. Blue, Gentiana catesbsei — g. Cates- 
 bian, Gentiana catesbaii — g. Horse, Triosteum — 
 g. White, Laserpitium latifolium — g. Southern, 
 Gentiana catesb^i — g. White, Triosteum — g. Y''el- 
 low, Gentiana lutea, see Calumba. 
 
 GENTIANA, G. lutea — g. Alba, Laserpitium 
 latifolium — g. Amarylloides, G. quinqueflora — g. 
 Cachenlaguen, Chironia Chilensis — g. Centau- 
 rium, Chironia centaurium. 
 
GENTIANS J A UNE 
 
 421 
 
 GERANIUM 
 
 Gentiana Catesb^'i; G.Cateshkt'na, Blue Gen- 
 tian, Ph. U. S., Cates'blan or Southern Gen'tian, 
 Bluebells, Bltterroot. Ord. Gentianaceae. It is 
 a pure and simple bitter, and the root may be 
 used wherever that of the Geuticma lutea is 
 proper. 
 
 Gextia'na Chiratta, G. Chirayi'ta, Henrice'a 
 Pharmacear'cha, Swer'tia, Agatho'teH chirayi'ta, 
 Ophe'lia chira'ta, Chiret'ta, Chirayi'ta, Chi- 
 rae'ta. A native of India, -which has been 
 much employed in that countrj', in dyspepsia, 
 and as an antiperiodic in intermittents. It is 
 preferred by some to sarsaparilla, where the lat- 
 ter is considered to be indicated, — as after large 
 quantities of mercury have been taken, or where 
 profuse salivation has been induced. It has also 
 been advised in atonic leucorrhoea. It yields its 
 virtues to alcohol and water. 
 
 Gbntiana Crinita, see G. quinqueflora — g. Ge- 
 rardi, Chironiacentaurium. 
 
 Gentia'na Lu'tea. The systematic name of 
 the officinal gentian ; Gentia'na, G. major seu 
 vet'erum seu rubra, Swer'tia lu'tea, Aste'rias lu'- 
 tea. Yellow Gentian, Felwort. Ord. Gentianeae. 
 (F.) Gentiane jaune. This is a plant common in 
 the mountains of Europe. The root is almost 
 inodorous, extremely bitter, and yields its virtues 
 to ether, alcohol, and water. It is tonic and 
 stomachic ; and in large doses, aperient. Dose, 
 gr. X to 5y- I'' 's most frequently, however, 
 used in infusion or tincture. 
 
 Gentiana Ma.tor, G. lutea — g. Ochroleuea, 
 see G. saponaria — g. Peruviana, Chironia Chi- 
 lensis. 
 
 Gentia'na Quinqueflo'ra, G. amaryllo'i'des, 
 Five-flowered Gentian ; and Gentia'na Crini'ta, 
 Fringed Gentian, indigenous, are possessed of 
 like virtues. 
 
 Gkntiana Rubra, G. lutea. 
 Gentiana Sapon'ria, Soajrwort Gentian, and 
 G. ochroleu'ca, Sampson's Snnkeroot ; indigenous, 
 have the properties of Gentiana lutea; and are 
 said also to be diaphoretic. 
 Gentiana Veterum, G. lutea. 
 GENTIANE JAUNE, Gentiana lutea. 
 GENTIANI'NA, Gentianine, Gentianin, Gen- 
 tia'nia, Gen'tia. A supposed neutral substance, 
 obtained from gentian, and, by some, presumed 
 to be its active principle. It is not so. 
 GENTILITIUS, Hereditary. 
 GENU, Gony, yovv, (F.) Geiioii, The articula- 
 tion of thelegwith the thigh ; — the Femoro-tibial 
 or knee-joint, the l-nee. It is the most compli- 
 cated in the body, and is formed by the inferior 
 extremity of the femur, the superior extremity 
 of the tibia, and the rotula. The articular sur- 
 faces of the bones are covered by layers of carti- 
 lage — more or less thick — and by the synovial 
 membrane of the articulation. The soft parts of 
 this joint are, — the ligamentum patellce, two late- 
 ral ligaments, distinguished by the names inter- 
 nal and external ; a posterior ligament, Ligamen'- 
 tum posti'cum Winslow'ii ; two crucial ligaments, 
 — the one anterior, and the other posterior; two 
 interarticular fibro-cartilages ; some albugineous 
 fibres, which form an imperfect capsule, &c. The 
 knee receives its arteries from the femoral and 
 popliteal. They bear the name articular. Its 
 veins have the same distribution as the arteries, 
 and discharge their blood into the saphena and 
 crural. Its nerves are furnished by the sciatic, 
 popliteal, and crural. The joint is protected by 
 the tendons and muscles which surround it. 
 
 The French use the term Articulation en genon 
 for a joint, in which the head of a bone is received 
 into a bony cavity of another, where it rolls and 
 moves in all directions. 
 
 Geno Corporis Callosi, see Corpus callosum 
 ■ — g. Varum, Entogonyancon. 
 
 GENUGRA, Gonagra. 
 GENUINUS, Legitimate. 
 GENUS, (F.) Genre. A collection or group of 
 species, analogous to each other, and which can 
 be united by common characters. When a spe- 
 ■cies cannot be referred to a known genus, it con- 
 stitutes a distinct one. 
 
 Genus Curationis, Ratio medendi. 
 GENY, Genys. 
 
 GENYANTRAL'GIA,from yivv;, 'the maxilla,' 
 avTpov, 'the antrum, and a'Xyoi, 'pain.' Pain in 
 the antrum of Highmore. 
 
 GENYANTRI'TIS, from yn-vs, 'the maxilla, 
 avTpov, 'the antrum,' and itis, denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the antrum of Highmore. 
 GENYANTRUM, Antrum of Highmore. 
 GENYOCYNANCHE, CynancheVrotidsea. 
 GENYOPLASTY, see Genioplasty. 
 GENYS, yews, Genu, yew, 'the jaw;' also tha 
 chin. See Gena. 
 
 GEOFFR^'A INER'MIS, Geoffra'a, G. race- 
 mo'sa seu Piso'nis seu Jamaicen'sis, Vouaeap'- 
 oua America'na, Geoffroy' a, Oabbag"ium, Andi'ra 
 inerm'is seu racenio'sa, Cabbage Tree, Cabbage 
 Bark Tree, Worm-bark Tree. Ord. Leguminosse. 
 Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. The odour of 
 the bark is very unpleasant. It is anthelmintic 
 and cathartic. Dose of the powder, V)j to Qij. 
 
 GEOFFRiEA Jajiaicensis, G. inermis — g. Piso- 
 nis, G. inermis — g. Racemosa, G. inermis. 
 
 GeoffRvE'a Surinamen'sis, Andi'ra Surina- 
 men'sis, has similar properties. 
 
 Huttenschmidt has separated their active prin- 
 ciples, to which he has given the names Jamai- 
 cine and Surinamine. They are all alkaline. 
 
 Geoffr.EA VERSriF'UGA, Andira ibai, Arriba, 
 Skolemo'ra Fernanibucen'sis ; a South American 
 plant, has a fruit, the almond of which, called 
 angeline, has a reputation at Rio Janeiro as a 
 vermifuge. Dose, a grain to fifteen ; or it may 
 be given in infusion. 
 
 GEOFFROYA, Geofi"rsea inermis — g. Jamai- 
 censis, G. inermis. 
 
 GEOG'RAPHY, MED'ICAL, Geogra'pMa 
 Med'ica, Nusogeog' raphy , Nnsogeograph' ia. The 
 description of the surface of the globe as regards 
 the influence of situation on the health, vital 
 functions, and diseases of its inhabitants, vege- 
 table and animal; but principally on those of 
 man. 
 
 GEOPH'AGISM, Geopliag"ia, GeBophag"ia, 
 from yrj, 'earth,' and (payoi, 'I eat.' The act or 
 practice of eating earth. See Chthonophagia. 
 
 GEORGIA, MINERAL WATERS OP. The 
 water of Indian Springs, in Butts County, is 
 sulphureous. The Warm Springs, in Meriwether 
 County, have a temperature of 90° Fahr. Jfadi- 
 son's Springs, in Madison County, are a chaly- 
 beate; and so are lioicland's Springs, in Cass 
 County. All these are frequented by invalids. 
 
 GERjEOLOG"IA, Geratolog" ia, from yr;(ia<:, 
 yriparoi, 'old age,' and \oyoi, 'a discourse.' "The 
 doctrine, or a description, of old age. 
 
 GERAFLOURIS, Dianthus caryophyllus. 
 GER'ANIS, from yepavoi, 'a crane,' which it 
 resembled. A bandage, used by the ancients in 
 cases of fractured clavicle. Some authors attri- 
 bute it to Hippocrates; others, to Perigenes. 
 
 GERA'NIUM, same etymon, because its pistil 
 is long, like the bill of the crane. Ord. Gerania- 
 ceas. The Crane's Bill. 
 
 Geranium Carolinianum, see G. Robertianum 
 — g. Foetidum, G. Robertianum — g. Maculatum, 
 see Geranium, and G. Moschatum. 
 
 Geranium Moscha'tum, Erod'ium Moschatum, 
 (F.) Bee de grue musque. A European plant, 
 esteemed to be excitant and diaphoretic. 
 
 Geranium Noveboracense, G. Maculatum — 
 g. Purpureum, G. Robertianum. 
 
GERAS 
 
 422 
 
 GIANT 
 
 GEKANiUJf RoBERTiA'NnM, G. fce'tiduni seu 
 purpu'reum, Stinking Crane's Bill, Herb Robert, 
 (F.) Jlerbe d Robert, Bee de Grne Robertin. 
 This plant was, at one time, used as an antispas- 
 modic and slight stimulant, as well as for an ex- 
 ternal application in various painful sores and 
 inflammations. 
 
 Gera'nidm Carolinia'ndm, has similar proper- 
 ties. 
 
 Most of the species of geranium have been used 
 as astringents. In some of the northwestern 
 parts of the United States, the root of Gera- 
 nium macula' turn — Gera'nium, (Ph. U. S.) — G. 
 Noveboracen' se, Spotted Crane's Bill, Crowfoot, 
 Alum root, Tormentil, Stork bill — is called Racine 
 d Becquet, after a person of that name. It is 
 highly extolled by the Western Indians as an 
 antisyphilitic. 
 
 GERAS, Senectus. 
 
 GERgURE, Fissure. 
 
 GERM, Germen, Blaste, Blaste'ma, (F.) Germe. 
 The rudiment of a new being, not yet developed, 
 or which is still adherent to the mother. 
 
 Germ Force, Plastic force. 
 
 GERMANDER, COMMON, Teucrium cha- 
 msedrys — g. Creeping, Teucrium chamsedrys — g. 
 Marum, Teucrium marum — g. Small, Teucrium 
 chamsedrys — g. Water, Teucrium scordium. 
 
 GER2[AXI)REE AQUATIQUE, Teucrium 
 icordium — jf. Maritime, Teucrium marum — g. 
 Officinale, Teucrium chamsedrys — g. Scorodone, 
 Teucrium scordium. 
 
 OERME EAUX, Conception, false. 
 
 GERMEN, Germ, Sperm— g. Dentale, Dental 
 Pulp — g. Falsum, Mole — g. Spurium, Conception, 
 false. 
 
 GER'MINAL, Ger'minative, Germina'lis, Ger- 
 minati'vus, (P.) Germinatif ; from germen, a 
 germ. Relating or belonging to germ ; as " ger- 
 viinal cell." 
 
 Germinal Cell, see Cytoblast — g. Membrane 
 and Vesicle, see Molecule — g. Nucleus, see 
 Molecule — g. Spot, see Molecule — g. Vesicle, see 
 Molecule. 
 
 GERMS, DISSE.MINATION OF, Panspermia 
 — g. Pre-existence of, see Preformation. 
 
 GEROBOS'CIA, Gerontobos'cia, from yvpas, 
 'old age,' and fioaK-q, 'food.' Nourishment or 
 maintenance proper for the aged. 
 
 GEROCOMEUM, Gerocomium. 
 
 GEROCO'MIA, Gerocom'ice, Gernntoeom'ice, 
 from yepav, yepovroi, 'an aged person,' and ko/islv, 
 'to take care of The part of medicine whose 
 object is the preservation of the health of the 
 aged : — the hygiene of old people. 
 
 GEROCOMI'CE, Gerocomia. 
 
 GEROCOMI'UM, Gerocome'wn, Rresbi/odo- 
 chi'um, Gerontocomi'um, Gerotrophe'um. Same 
 etymon. An hospital for the aged. 
 
 GEROFLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata. 
 
 GEROFLEE JAUNE, Cheiranthus cheiri, 
 
 GERONTATROPHIA, Marasmus senilis. 
 
 GERONTOBOSCIA, Geroboscia. 
 
 GERONTOCOMICE, Gerocomia. 
 
 GERONTOCOMIUM, Gerocomium. 
 
 GERONTO'PIA, from ytpwv, ytpovrog, 'an old 
 person,' and a)-4>, 'the eye.' Weakness of sight 
 of the aged. 
 
 GERONTOTOXON, Gerotoxon. 
 
 GERONTOXON, Gerotoxon. 
 
 GBROTOX'ON, Ge.rontox'on, Gerontotox'on, 
 Lenco'ma Gerontotox'on, Mac' ula cor'necB arcua'ta, 
 Areas seni'lis; from yepwv, yzpovro;, 'an old per- 
 son,' and To^ov, 'a bow.' A bow-shaped obscurity 
 at the under margin of the cornea, common to 
 old people. 
 
 GEROTROPHEUM. Gerocomium. 
 
 GEROTROPHIA, Geroboscia. 
 
 GERSA, Plumbi subcarbonas — g. Serpentariae, 
 see Arum maculatum. 
 
 GESIER, Ventriculus callosus. 
 GESTA, 'things done,' from gerere, gestum, 
 'to do,' 'carry.' Acta. A Latin term, intro- 
 duced by Halle into medical language, to desig- 
 nate, among the objects which belong to hygiene, 
 the functions which consist in the voluntary 
 movements of muscles and organs. In the class 
 Gesta are found sleep, the waking state, movements 
 or locomotion, and rest. 
 
 GESTA'TION, Gesta'tio, Phora, from gestare, 
 gestatum, 'to oarry.' The time during which a 
 female who has conceived carries the embryo in 
 her uterus. See Pregnancy. Gestation, likewise, 
 signifies the bearing or carrying of an individual; 
 a kind of exercise easier than that in which he 
 moves by virtue of his own powers. Thus, we 
 speak oi gestation on horseback, in a carriage, Ac. 
 
 Gestation, Pkotract'ed. Pregnancy pro- 
 tracted beyond the usual period. See Pregnancy. 
 
 GESTICULA'TION, Gesticnla'tio, same ety- 
 mon. The act of making many gestures; a 
 symptom in disease, which indicates great ence- 
 phalic erethism. It is met- with in numerous 
 affections. 
 
 GETHYL'LIS SPIRA'LIS. A South African 
 plant, Nat. Ord. Amaryllidese, the orange-co- 
 loured fruit of which has a peculiar fragrance. 
 An infusion in spirit or tincture is used in flatu- 
 lence and colic. 
 
 GEUM, G. rivale — g. Caryophyllatum, G. ur- 
 banum — g. Nutans, G. rivale — g. Palustre, G. 
 rivale. 
 
 Geum Rivale, G. pains' tre sen vntans, Carijo- 
 phylla'ta aquat'ica seu nutans, Benerlic'tn sylves'- 
 tris. Water or Purple avens, Choc'olute root. (F.) 
 Benoite aquatiqne ou des Ruisseanx. Ord. Rosa- 
 ceae. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Polygynia. The 
 root of this plant — Geum (Ph. U. S.) — is astrin- 
 gent. It has been much extolled in the cure of 
 intermittents, diarrhoea, hemorrhage, &e. 
 
 Geum Urba'ndm, G. caryoj^hylla'tum, Caryo- 
 phylln'tn, C. vulga'ris seu nrba'na, Caryophyl'lits 
 vulga'ris, Sanamun'da, Lagophthal'mus, Caryo- 
 phyl'la, Janamiin'da, Uerha benedic'ta, Common 
 avens. Herb Bennet, Yelloio avens, Star of the 
 North, Blessed herb, (F.) Benoite. The root of 
 this plant has a smell not unlike that of cloves. 
 Taste bitterish, austere : virtues yielded to water 
 and alcohol. It has been used in intermittents, 
 dysentery, chronic diarrhoea, debility, &e. Dose, 
 ^ss to ^j of the powder. 
 
 Geum Vernum, Western early avens, has the 
 same properties as 
 
 Geum Virginia'num, White avens, Avens, Evan 
 root. Choc' olate root, Bennet, Throat root. Cure- 
 all, (F.) Benoite de Virginie, is common from 
 Maine to Carolina and Kentucky, flowering in 
 June and July. It has the same medical pro- 
 perties as Geum rivale. 
 
 GEUMA, Taste. 
 
 GEUSION'OSI, from ytvcis, 'taste,' and voooq, 
 'disease.' Geusionu' si. Diseases of the organ or 
 sense of taste. 
 
 GEUSIS, Taste. Rarely, the root of the 
 tongue — Radix lingua. 
 
 GEUTHMOS, Taste. 
 
 GEZIB, see Pastinaca opoponas. 
 
 GEZIT, Cagot. 
 
 GEZITAIN, Ca(p)t. 
 
 GHERKIN, see Cucumis sativns. 
 
 GHITTA JEMOCO, Cambogia. 
 
 GIALAPPA, Convolvulus Jalapi. 
 
 GIANT, Gigas, (F.) Geant. One much above 
 the ordinary stature; of excessive growth — Ma- 
 croso'mia, Macrosomat'ta, Magnitu'do gigante'a, 
 (F.) Geantisme. 
 
GIBBA 
 
 423 
 
 GLADIOLUS 
 
 GIBBA, Hump. 
 
 GIBBER, Hump. 
 
 GIBBEROSITAS, Gibbositas. 
 
 GIBBOS'ITAS, Gihheroa'itas, Cypho'sis, Rha- 
 cTiio-cypho'sis, from (F.) Gibheux, (L.) Gibbus, 
 gibbous, ' something arched or vaulted : prominent.' 
 Gibhos'ity, Gib'bousness, Curvature of the s2nne,Hy- 
 ho'ma. A phenomenon which occurs in diflFerent 
 diseases, particularly in rickets and caries of the 
 vertebiag. See Hump. 
 
 Gibbositas Cariosa, Vertebral disease. 
 
 GIBBOUSNESS, Gibbositas. 
 
 GIBBUS, Hump — g. Pottii, Vertebral disease. 
 
 GIBLETS. According to Minsheu. from Goh- 
 bet, 'a mouthful' [?] ; but, according to Junius, from 
 (F.) Gibier, 'game.' The word seems to be the 
 old (F.) Gibelez, Gibclet, &c., i. e. Gibier, (L.) Ci- 
 harium, 'food,' (F.) Abattis.. It means, generally, 
 the parts which are cut off from a goose before it 
 is roasted. Also, the extremities of fowls, such 
 as the head, wings, feet; to which are sometimes 
 added the liver, gizzard, &e. Soup, made from 
 these, is moderately nutritious. 
 
 GIDDINESS, Vertigo. 
 
 GIDDY, Vertiginous. 
 
 GIGANTEUS, Gigantic. 
 
 GIG ANTE SQ UE, Gigantic. 
 
 GIGAN'TIC, Gigante'us, Giganfo'des, (F.) Gi- 
 ganlesque. Relating to one much above the or- 
 dinary stature. 
 
 GIGANTODES, Gigantic. 
 
 GIGARTINA HELMIXTIIOCHORTON, Co- 
 rallina Corsicana — g. Lichenoides, Fucus amyla- 
 ceus. 
 
 GIGARUS SERPENTARIA, Arum dracun- 
 culus. 
 
 GIG AS, Giant. 
 
 GIL ARUM, Thymus serpyUum. 
 
 GILEAD.BALMOF, seeAmyrisopobalsamum. 
 
 GILET BE FORCE, Waistcoat, strait. 
 
 GILL, Glechoma hederacea. 
 
 GiLL-GO-BY-GROUND, Glechoma hederacea. 
 
 GILL A THEOPHRASTI, Zinci sulphas — g. 
 Vitrioli, Zinci sulphas. 
 
 GILLE'NIA STIPULA'CEA, Small-flowered 
 In'dian Physic has the sarne properties as 
 
 Gille'nia Trifolia'ta, SpircB'a trifolia'ta, 
 Common Gille'nia, Indian Physic, Western Drop- 
 wort, Indian Hippo, Ip'ecac, Boicman's root, 3Iea- 
 doio sweet, Beaumont root, (F.) Gillenie. Ord. 
 Rosacese. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Pentagynia. 
 The root of this shrub, and of G. stipulacea — 
 Gille'nia, (Ph. U. S.) — which grows plentifully 
 in the United States, is a safe and efiicacious 
 emetic, in the dose of about .SO grains. It re- 
 sembles ipecacuanha in its properties. 
 
 GILLENIE, Gillenia trifoliata. 
 
 GILLIFLOWER, Dianthus caryophyllus. 
 
 G^/iiOA, Viseum album. 
 
 GIM'BERNAT'S LIGAMENT. A fibrous, 
 triangular expansion, which is detached from the 
 posterior and inner part of the crural arch, and is 
 inserted into the crest of the pubis. This liga- 
 ment forms the inner part of the superior aper- 
 ture of the crural canal. It is one of the most 
 frequent causes of strangulation in crural hernia. 
 
 GIN, Hollands, Gene'va, (F.) Genievre. This 
 spirit, which is distilled from corn and juniper 
 berries, or from some substitute for them, is 
 largely used in Great Britain, arid is extremely 
 detrimental, to the lower classes particularly. It 
 possesses the properties of other spirituous liquors, 
 but is diuretic, and, in popular medicine, is more 
 used than other varieties, in cases of colic or intes- 
 tinal pain ofany liind. Schiedam Schnapps is under- 
 stood to be Hollands of good quality. See Spirit. 
 
 Gin Driskeh's Liver, Liver, nutmeg — g. 
 Liver, Liver, nutmeg. 
 
 GINGEJIBRE, Amomum zingiber. 
 
 GINGER, Amomum zingiber. 
 
 Ginger Beer Powder, see Amomum zingiber. 
 
 GiNGEK, Garden, Capsicum — g. Indian, Asarum 
 Canadense — g. .lamaica, concentrated essence of, 
 see Amomum zingiber — • g. Preserved, see Amo- 
 mum zingiber — g. Wild, Asarum Canadense. 
 
 GINGIBRA'CHIUM, from gingiva-., 'tho 
 gums,' and brachium, 'the arm.' A name given 
 to the scurvy, because the gums and arms are 
 chiefly affected by it. It has also been called 
 Gingipe'dium, because the lower limbs are in 
 many eases the seat of scorbutic spots. See Por- 
 phyra nautica. 
 
 GINGIPEDIUM, see Gingibrachium, Por- 
 phyra nautica. 
 
 GINGI'V^, from gignere, 'to beget,' because 
 the teeth are, as it were, begotten in them. [?1 
 The gums, ovXa, Via, Carnic'ula, (F.) Gencives. 
 The portion of the mucous membrane of the 
 mouth which covers the maxilhiry bones to the 
 level of the alveolar arches. The gums are 
 formed of a red tissue, more or less solid, and of 
 a fibro-mucous nature, which adheres strongly to 
 the necks of the teeth, and transmits, between 
 the roots and their alveoli, a very thin expan- 
 sion, — the alveolo-dental periosteum. The gums 
 fix the teeth and contribute greatly to their soli- 
 dity. In the aged, after the loss of the teeth, 
 they become fibrous and very solid, and are in- 
 servient to mastication. 
 
 GINGIVA'LIS, Ulet'icus, U'licus; from gin- 
 giva, 'the gums.' Piclating to the gums. 
 
 GING'LYMOID, GinglymoVdeus, Ginglymo'- 
 des, from ytyyXvjios, 'a ginglymus or hinge,' and 
 ti&o£, 'resemblance.' Resemloling a ginglymus or 
 hinge. An epithet applied to joints which re- 
 semble a hinge, as a ginglymoid joint. 
 
 GIN'GLYMUS, Cardinamen'tum, Cardo, 'a, 
 hinge.' (F.) Chamiere, Articulation en chamiere. 
 A species of diarthrodial articulation, which only 
 admits of motion in two directions, like a hinge, 
 — as the knee-joint or elbow-joint. 
 
 GINSENG, Panax quinquefulium- — g. Asiatic, 
 Panax Schinseng — g. Blue, Caulophyllum thalic- 
 tro'ides — g. Yellow, Caulophyllum thalictroides — 
 g. Horse, Triosteum — g. White, Triosteum. 
 
 GIRAFFE, Densue. 
 
 GIRARD-ROUSSIN, Asarum. 
 
 GIRDLE. Cingulum. 
 
 GIRL. This seems, formerly, to have been 
 an appellation common to both sexes. Many 
 etymologists deduce the word from the Su. Goth. 
 Karl, 'a man.' It means a young female, (L.) 
 Fil'ia, from iliCkziv, 'to love.' (F.) Fille. 
 
 GIROFLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata. 
 
 GIROFLEE JAUNE,'Qhe\rAnthus cheiri. 
 
 GIROLE, Slum sisarum. 
 
 GIRON. Arum maculatum. 
 
 GIRSLE, Cartilage. 
 
 GISN, Anhelatio. 
 
 GISSA, Cynanche parotidsea. 
 
 GIZZARD, Ventriculus callosus. 
 
 GIZZEN, see Parturition. 
 
 GLABELLA, Mesophryon. 
 
 GLABELLAD, see Glabellar. 
 
 GLABEL'LAR, from glabella, 'the space be- 
 tween the eyebrows.' An epithet for an aspect 
 towards the glabella. — Barclay. Glabellad is used 
 adverbially by the same writer to signify ' to- 
 wards the glabellar aspect.' 
 
 GLABRITIES, Calvities. 
 
 GLACE, Ice. 
 
 GLACIALE, Mesembryanthemum crystalli- 
 num. 
 
 GLACTALIS HUxMOR, Crystalline. 
 
 GLACIES, Ice. 
 
 GLADI'OLUS,diminutiveof f?7af//i/.?. 'a sword,' 
 from the sword-like shape of its leaf. MachEerion 
 — g. Casruleus, Iris Germaniea. 
 
GLADIUS 
 
 424 
 
 GLANDULAR 
 
 Gladi'olus Commu'nis, (?. vtilga'rw, Vleto- j! 
 ria'lisrotiin'dase-afem-!ne'a,CornJlag,CF.)Glayeul. I 
 Oi-d. Iridise. The root of this plant has been || 
 considered aphrodisiac. Applied in cataplasms, 
 it has been extolled against scrofulous tumours. 
 
 Gladiolus Luteus, Iris pseudacorus — g. Vul- 
 caris, G. communis. 
 ° GLADIUS, Penis. 
 
 GLAMA, Lippitudo, Chassie. 
 GLAND, Glan'diila, Gran'dula, (diminutive of 
 glans, ' an acorn, a kernel.') Aden. The ancient 
 anatomists gave this name to a number of organs 
 of a te.xture generally soft, and a shape more or 
 less globular, but differing greatly in their nature 
 and functions. They applied it, for instance, 1. 
 To those organs which separate from the blood, 
 any fluid whatever. When such organs were 
 composed of several lobules, united by common 
 vessels, they received the name conr/Iomerate 
 glands, as the parotid, pancreas, <fcc. 2. To the 
 reddish and spongy, knot-like bodies, which are 
 met with in the course of the lymphatics. These 
 they called conglobate glands; — see Ganglion, 
 (lymphatic ;) and 3dly and lastly, to various other 
 organs, whose intimate te.xture and functions are 
 still unknown, as the Pineal gland, Pituitary 
 gland, Glands of Pacchioni, Thyroid gland, Thy- 
 mus gland. Supra-renal glands, &c. Chaussier 
 restricts the word gland to those softisn, granular, 
 lobated organs, composed of vessels, and a parti- 
 cular texture, of which there are in the human 
 body, the lachrymal, salivary, and mammary, the 
 testicles, the liver, pancreas, and kidneys. These 
 permanent glands, or glands icith permanent ducts, 
 are all destined to draw from the blood the mole- 
 cules necessary for the formation of new fluids, 
 and to convey these fluids externally, by means 
 of one or more excretory ducts. Several glands, 
 besides their excretory ducts, have especial reser- 
 voirs, in which the fluids, secreted by them, col- 
 lect, remain for a greater or less space of time, 
 and undergo slight modifications before being 
 evacuated; — such are, the gall-bladder for the 
 liver, the urinary bladder for the kidneys, <fec. 
 Each gland has an organization peculiar to it, 
 but we know not the intimate nature of the glan- 
 dular texture. — Malpighi believed that the ves- 
 sels terminate in small, solid masses, to which he 
 gave the name — glandular grains or acini. In 
 these, he considered, the excretory ducts originate. 
 Ruysch thought that the glands are entirely vas- 
 cular, and that the excretory ducts are immedi- 
 ately continuous with the vasa afferent ia,'&c. The 
 best view, perhaps, is, that the exhaling or secre- 
 ting vessel is distributed on the animal membrane, 
 which forms the blind extremity of the excretory 
 duct, and that the secretion is effected through 
 it by means of cells. 
 
 The term glande (F.) is sometimes appropriated 
 to the tumour formed by inflammation or engorge- 
 ment of a lymphatic ganglion. 
 
 GLAND, Glans — g. Accessory, of the Parotid, 
 see Parotid — g. Anteprostatic, see Cowper's 
 glands — g. Blood, see Ganglion — g. Globate, Con- 
 globate gland — g. Prostate, Prostate — g. Sali- 
 vary, abdominal, Pancreas. 
 
 GLAND AGE, Adenophyma. 
 
 GLANDE, Gland — cr. Thyroide, see Thyroid 
 gland — g. Vulvaire conglomeree, Cowper's glands 
 in the female — g. Vulvo-vaginale, Cowper's glands 
 in the female. 
 
 GLANDERS, Equinia — g. Earcy, see Equinia. 
 
 GLAND ES BRONCHIQUES, Bronchial 
 glands — g. Cerumineuses, Ceruminous glands — g. 
 Conglobees, Conglobate glands — g. de Cowper, 
 Cowper's glands in the female — g. de Croissance, 
 Waxing kernels — g. de Littre, see Sebaceous 
 glands— J. de 3Ieibomius, Meibomius, glands of— 
 
 g. de 3[ery, Cowper's glands in the female — g. de 
 Pacchioni, Pacchioni, glands of. 
 
 GLANDIFORM CORPUSCLE, Acinus — g. 
 ganglion, see Ganglion. 
 
 GLANDIUM, Thymus, 
 
 GLANDS, see Quercus Alba — g. Accessory, 
 Cowper's glands — g. Aggregate, Peyeri glandulse 
 — g. Agminated, Peyer's glands — g. Aporic, Gan- 
 glions, glandiform — g. Blind, Ganglions, glandi- 
 form — g. of Bartholinus, Cowper's glands in the 
 female — g. Brunner's, see Brunner's glands — g. 
 Cowper's, see Cowper's glands— g. Diapnogenous, 
 see Perspiration — g. Ductless, see Ganglion — g. 
 of Duverney, Cowper's glands in the female — g. 
 Havers's, Synovial glands — g. Lenticular, Lentic- 
 ulares glandulee — g. Lieberkiihn's, Lieberkiihn's 
 glands, see Intestine — g. Miliary, Sebaceous 
 glands — g. of Naboth," Nabothi Glandulse — g. Oil, 
 Sebaceous glands — g. of Pacchioni. Glandulse 
 Pacchioni — g. Permanent, see Gland — g. Peyer's, 
 Peyeri glandulse — g. Renal, Capsules, renal — g. 
 Sebaceous, see Sebaceous glands — g. Solitary, 
 Brunner's glands — g. Sudoriparous, see Perspira- 
 tion — g. Sweat, see Perspiration. 
 
 Glands, Tem'porary, Glands without perma- 
 nent orifices. Glands, that consist of a single 
 primary vesicle or sacculus, which, having ela- 
 borated a secretion in its ■ interior, bursts, dis- 
 charges it, and disappears. The Graafian vesi- 
 cles and the gland cells afford examples of these. 
 Glands of Tyson, Sebaceous glands of Tyson 
 
 — g. Vascular, see Ganglion — g. of Vesalius, 
 Bronchial glands — g. of Willis, Albicantia corpo- 
 ra, Mammillary tubercles. 
 
 GLANDULA, Gland— g. ad Aures, Parotid— 
 g. Avicennae, Eneystis — g. Bartholiniana, Sub- 
 lingual gland — g. Basilaris, Pituitary gland — g. 
 Colli, Tonsil — g. Innominata Galeni, Lachrymal 
 gland — g. Lacrymalis, Lachrymal gland — g. Lac- 
 tifera. Mammary gland — g. Miicosa, Conglobate 
 gland — g. Pinealis, Pineal gland- — g. Pituitosa. 
 Pituitary gland — g. Riviniana, Sublingual gland 
 
 — g. Salivalis abdominis. Pancreas — g. Socia 
 Parotidis, see Parotid — g. Thymiis, Thymus — g. 
 Thyreoidea, Thyroid gland. 
 
 Glandule Acinose, see Acinus — g. Agminatse, 
 Peyeri glandulae — g. Articulares, Synovial glands 
 — g. Assistentes, Prostate — g. Brunneri, Brunner's 
 glands — g. Cervicis uteri, Nabothi glandulse — g. 
 CoronaB penis, sec Sebaceous glands — g. Cowper's, 
 Cowper's glands — g. Durse matris, G. Pacchioni 
 — g. Durae meningis, G. Pacchioni — g. in Agmen 
 congregatae intestinorum, Peyeri glandulce — g. 
 Intestinales, Peyeri glandulse — g. Lieberkiihni- 
 anse, Lieberkiihn's glands — g. Littrianse, see Se- 
 baceous glands — g. Meibomianas, Meibomius, 
 glands of — g. Mucosae coagminatas intestinorum, 
 Peyeri glandulse — g. Muciparae racematim con- 
 gestse intestinorum, Peyeri glandulse — g. Myrti- 
 formes, Carunculse myrtiformes — g. Odoriferse 
 glandis, see Sebaceous glands — g. Odoriferaa 
 penis, see Sebaceous glands — g. Odoriferaj Tysoni, 
 see Sebaceous glands — g. Pacchioni, Pacchioni, 
 glands of — g. Peyerianae, Peyeri glandulse — g. 
 Plexiformes, Peyeri G. — g. Prostatae mulierum, 
 see Corpus glandulosum mulierum — g. Sebaceae 
 ciliares, Meibomius, glands of — g. Sebaceae glan- 
 dis, see Sebaceous glands — g. Solitari«, Brunner's 
 glands — g. Spurise, Peyeri glandular. Ganglions, 
 glandiform — g. Sudoriferse, see Perspiration — g. 
 Suprarenales, Capsules, renal — g. Tubulosse, see 
 Tubular — g. Tysoni, Sebaceous glands of Tyson 
 
 — g. Uterinse, Utricular glands — g. Utriculares, 
 Utricular Glands — g. Vaseulosse, Conglomerate 
 glands — g. Vesalianse, Bronchial glands. 
 
 GLANDULAIRE, Glandular. 
 GLAND'ULAR, Glandula'ris, Glandulo'sua, 
 (F.) Glandalaire, Glanduleux. Having the ap' 
 
GLANDULE 
 
 42; 
 
 GLOBULE 
 
 penrance, form, or texture of Glands ; as a glan- 
 dular body, a glandular texture, &c. 
 
 Glandular Substance of tue Kidney, see 
 Kidney. 
 
 GLANDULE OF MALPIGHI, see Corpora 
 Malpighiana. 
 
 GLANDULEUX, Glandular. 
 GLANDULO'SO-CARXEUS. Ruysch gives 
 this epithet to fleshy excrescences which he found 
 in the bladder. 
 
 GLANDULOSUS, Glandular. 
 GLANS, genitive glandis, (' an acorn.') Bal'a- 
 nns, Cyt'taros, Cuspis, Cajnit, C. Penis, Genita'le 
 caput, (F.) Gland. The extremity of the penis 
 and of the clitoris. The glans penis is of a coni- 
 cal, slightly flattened shape. It is continuous 
 with the urethra, which opens at its apex ; and 
 is circumscribed by a projecting edge, called the 
 C'nro'na glandis, behind which is a depression. 
 Colhim seu Sxdcus retroglandula' ris. It is covered 
 by a thin mucous membrane, is furnished, at its 
 base, with sebaceous follicles, called glan'dulcB 
 odori/'ercB Tyso'ni, the secretion from which is 
 termed Smegma prepu'tii ; and can,almostalways, 
 be covered by the reflection of the skin, called the 
 prepnce. Lastly, it is formed of a spong}' texture, 
 susceptible of being thrown into erection. 
 Glans, Bronchocele, Pessary, Suppository. 
 Glass Clitor'idis is smaller. It is imper- 
 forate, and likewise covered with a sort of pre- 
 puce formed by the mucous membrane of the 
 vulva. 
 
 Glans Jovis Theophrasti, Fagus eastane.a — 
 g. Ulnae, Olecranon — g. Unguentaria, Guilandina 
 morinsa, Myrobalanus. 
 GLAREA, Gravel. 
 GLASS, Vitrum. 
 
 GLAUBER'S SALTS, Soda, sulphate of. 
 GLAUCEDO, Glaucoma. 
 
 GLAUCO'MA. from y\avKoi, 'sea-green,' 
 Glauco'sis, Glauce'do, Catarac'ta glaiica, Oc'uhts 
 cm'sius, Ccs'sius, Phiharma glauco'ma, Parnjj'sis 
 glauco'sis, Ap/x/lauco'sis. Amongst the older 
 pathologists, this word was used synonymously 
 with cataract. It is now ordinarily applied to 
 opacity of the vitreous humour or of the tunica 
 hyaloidea, which manifests it-self by a grayish, 
 or greenish spot, apparent through the pupil. 
 The diagnosis is generally difiicult; and the dis- 
 ease is almost always incurable. 
 GLAUC0)rA WouLHODSi, Cataract. 
 GLAUCOSIS, Glaucoma. 
 
 GLAYEUL, Gladiolus vulgaris — g. Puant, 
 Iris foetidissima. 
 
 GLECHO'MA HEDERA'CEA, G. hirsu'ta, 
 Nep'eta glecho'ma, Heder'ula, ChamcBcle'ma, C. 
 hedera'eea, Oalamin'tha hedera'cea, Calamin'ta 
 humil'ior, ChamcBcis'sus, Hed'ern terres'tris, Nep'- 
 eta glecho'ma, Panace'a piec'toris, Grotind-ivy, 
 Gill, Gill-go-hy-ground, Alehoof, Rohin runaway, 
 (F.) Lierre terrestre, Terrette, Randote, Herhe 
 Saint-Jean. This plant — Orrf. Labiatae — has a 
 strong smell, and a bitterish, somewhat aromatic, 
 taste. It has been considered expectorant and 
 tonic, 
 
 GLECHOMA HIRSUTA, G. hederaeea. 
 GLECHOX. Mentha pulegium. 
 GLECHONI'TIS. Wine, impregnated with 
 the Gleehon, y^rj^wv, mentha pulegium or penny- 
 rovnl. 
 
 GLEEIXG, Strabismus. 
 GLEET, see Gonorrhoea. 
 GLEME, Chassie, Lippitudo. 
 GLEXE, y^rjvrj. The pupil. The anterior part 
 of the eye. The eyeball. The eye. According 
 to some, the crystalline lens. Also, a glenoid 
 cavity. 
 
 GLEXGORE, Svphilis. 
 GLEXGOUR, Syphilis. 
 
 GLEXITIS, Phacitis. 
 
 GLEXX'S SPRINGS, see South Carolina, 
 Mineral waters of. 
 GLENOID, Glene. 
 
 Gle'xoid, Glenoid'al, Glenoida'lia, Gleno'i'des, 
 Gleno'des, Gleno'i'deus, from y^rivrj, and ttSo;, 're- 
 semblance.' (F.) Glendide, Glenoidale, Gleno'i- 
 dien. Any shallow, articular cavity, y\r)vri, glene, 
 which receives the head of a bone; such as, 1. 
 The glenoid cavity or fossa of the scapula, Fossa 
 gleno'idea, Omocot'yle, Acetab'ulum hu'ineri, C'av'i- 
 tas hu'meri gleno'ides, Entypo' sis, is situate at 
 the anterior angle of the scapula; and is arti- 
 culated with the head of the humerus. 2. The 
 glenoid cavity or fossa of the temporal bone. It 
 is seated between the two roots of the zygomatic 
 process, and receives the condj'le of the lower 
 jaw. 
 
 Glenoid Lig'ament, (F.) Ligament Gleno'idien, 
 is a fibro-cartilaginous ring or lourrelet, which 
 seems formed by the expansion of the tendon of 
 the long head of the biceps brachialis, and sur- 
 rounds the glenoid cavity of the scapula, the 
 depth of which it increases. 
 GLENOIDALE, Glenoid. 
 GLEYED, see Strabismus. 
 GLIADINE, Hffimatin. 
 
 GLISCHRAS'MA, Glis'chrotes, from yAi(7;^pai- 
 Ku, (yAia, 'glue,') 'I become glutinous.' Lentor, 
 viscidity. — Hippocrates. 
 
 GLISCHROCH'OLUS, from y^iaxpoi, 'viscid,' 
 and ;^oA)7, 'bile.' An epithet fur excrement which 
 is glutinous and bilious. 
 
 GLISCHR0TE6, Glischrasma. 
 GLISOMARGO, Cretii. 
 GLISSEMENT EU LAMBEAU, see Flap. 
 GLISTER, Clyster. 
 
 GLOBE, Bandage (head)— g. of the Eye, see 
 Eye — g. Flower, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Trol- 
 lius laxus. 
 
 GLOBULAIRE PURGATIVE, Globularia 
 alypum. 
 
 GLOBULA'RIA AL'YPUM, Glohula'ria, 
 Jfontpel'lier Turhith, (F.) Glohidaire purgative, 
 TurbitJi hlanc. Ord. Globularias. The leaves 
 of this plant are bitter, and have been used in 
 intermittents and in constipation. See Alypon. 
 
 GLOB'ULE, Glob'idus, Spihrn'rion, SpjlicB'rula. 
 A small globe. 
 
 Globules op the Blood, Blood globules, 
 Blood-corpuscles, Blood-disks, Blood-vesicles, 
 Glob'uli seu Vesic'ulcB seu Spbce'ridcB seu Follic'- 
 itli sea Corpus' eula seu Cell'ulcB seu Partic'idm seu 
 Gran'vla san'guinis, (F.) Globules du sang, Bis- 
 ques sanguins, are small, circular bodies, which 
 are particularly observable when the transparent 
 parts of cold-blooded animals are examined by 
 the aid of the microseape; and are met with in 
 the blood of all animals. They are circular in 
 the mammalia, and elliptical in birds and cold- 
 blooded animals ; are flat in all animals, and 
 generally composed of a central nucleus enclosed 
 in a membranous sac. Chemically, they consist 
 !! of hsematin and globulin — hcemato-globulin. The 
 chemical composition of the nucleus, where it 
 exists, — it does not in man, — has been by some 
 regarded as fibrin; by others, as fat ; and by 
 others, again, as a species of horn, to which the 
 name nuclein has been given. 
 
 Size of the Globules. 
 
 Sir E. Home and Bauer, with ] 1.1700th part of 
 colouring matter J an inch. 
 
 Eller L1930 
 
 Sir E. Home and Bauer, with- ] 
 out colouring matter J 
 
 Miiller 1.2.'500 to 1.3500 
 
 Mandl 1.2625 to 1.3150 
 
 1.2000 
 
GLOBULE D'ARANTIUS 426 
 
 GLOSSO-EPIGLOTTIC 
 
 Hodgkin, Lister, and Rudolphi, 1.3000 
 
 Sprengel, 1.3000 to 1.3500 
 
 Cavallo 1.3000 to 1.4000 
 
 Donne 1.3150 to 1.3280 
 
 Jurin and Gulliver 1.3240 
 
 Blumenbach and Senac 1.3330 
 
 Tabor 1.3600 
 
 Milne Edwards 1.3900 
 
 Wagner 1.4000 
 
 Eater 1.4000 to 1.6000 
 
 Prevost and Dumas 1.4056 
 
 Haller, Wollaston, and Weber... 1.5000 
 Young 1.6060 
 
 Besides these, tte blood contains tnhite glo- 
 bules, (F.) Globules hlancs, Leucocytes, which are 
 probably lymph and chyle corpuscles in process 
 of development into red corpuscles. 
 
 Dried blood globules of the ox have been given 
 internally in cases of ansemia. 
 
 GLOBULE D'ARANTIUS, see Sigmoid 
 valves — g. du Sang, Globule of the blood. 
 
 GLOBULES BLANCS, see Globules of the 
 blood — g. Ganglion, see Neurine — g. Chyle, see 
 Chyle — g. Lymph, see Lymph — g. Milk, see 
 Milk — g. Mucous, see Mucus — g. Pus, see Pus 
 — g. Pyoid, see Pus. 
 
 GLOBULI ARTERIARUM TERMINI, see 
 Acinus — g. Mammillares, see Mnmmillary emi- 
 nence — g. Sanguinis, Globules of the blood — g. 
 Tartari martiales, Ferrum tartarizatum — g. Tar- 
 tratis ferri et li-xivise, Ferrum tartarizatum. 
 
 GLOB'ULIN. Glol'nline, Blood ca'sein. The 
 colourless substance that remains after the ab- 
 straction of the colouring matter of the blood- 
 corpuscle. It is a peculiar albuminous principle. 
 The globulin of Berzelius consists of the enve- 
 lopes of the blood globules, and of the part of 
 their contents that remains after the extraction 
 of the hsematin. Lecanu regards it as identi- 
 cal with albumen; and, according to Mulder, it 
 belongs to the combinations of protein. Robin 
 and Verdeil consider it to be albuminose. 
 
 The term glohulin is likewise given by M. 
 Donne to small granulations appertaining to the 
 chyle, ■which are observable in the blood with the 
 microscope. They are small, white, roundish, iso- 
 lated or irregularly-agglomerated grains ; of about 
 the 1-300 of a millimetre in diameter, and are re- 
 garded by M. Donne as the first elements of the 
 blood globules. They are the white granulated 
 corpuscles of Mandl. 
 
 GLOBULISM, Homeopathy. 
 
 GLOBULUS ARANTIL see Sigmoid valves 
 — g. Nasi, see Nasus — g. Sanguineus, Punctum 
 saliens — g. Stapedius Ossis, Os orbiculare. 
 
 GLOBUS HYSTERICUS, Angone— g. Major, 
 see Epididymis — g. Minor, see Epididj'mis — g. 
 Martialis, Ferrum tartarizatum. 
 
 Globus Uteri'nus. A term applied by accou- 
 cheurs to the round tumour, formed by the uterus 
 in the lower part of the abdomen immediately 
 after delivery. 
 
 GLOMERATE, Conglomerate. 
 
 GLOM'ERULE, Glomer'ulus ; from glomus, 'a, 
 clew of thread.' A ball or clew, formed by an 
 agglomeration of vessels; as Glomerule of Malpi- 
 ghi ; see Corpora Malpighiana. 
 
 GLOMERULI RENALES, Corpora Malpi- 
 ghiann. 
 
 GLOSSA, Glotta, 'the tongue.' The power of 
 speech. Speech. Hence: 
 
 GLOSSAGRA, Glossalsia. 
 
 GLOSSAL'GIA, Gloss'agra, Glottal'gia, Glott'- 
 agra, from yAoio-o-a, ' the tongue,' and aXyos, ' pain.' 
 Pain in the tonarue. 
 
 GLGSSANIS'CHUM, Glossanoch'ens, Glossan'- 
 
 ochum, from yyutaaa, 'tongue,' and avcx^iv, 'to 
 hold up.' An instrument for holding up the 
 tongue. 
 
 GLOSSANOCHEUS, Glossanischum. 
 GLOSSANOCHUM, Glossanischum. 
 GLOSS'ANTHRAX, Pestla gloss' anthrax, (F.) 
 Boussole, from yXioaua, ' the tongue,' and av^pa^, 
 'a. carbuncle.' Carbuncle of the Tongue. A dis- 
 ease more common in cattle than in man. 
 
 GLOSSEPIGLOT'TIC, Glossepiglot'ticus. Re- 
 lating to the tongue and epiglottis, as Ligamen'- 
 tum glossepiglott' icum. 
 
 GLOSSIAXUS, Lingual muscle. 
 GLOSSI'TIS, from yAutraa, 'the tongue,' and 
 itis, a sufiix denoting inflammation. Glosson' cua 
 inflarnmato' rius, Angi'na lingua'ria seu lingua'- 
 lis, Inflamma'tio Lingua, L\flammation of the 
 tongue, (F.) Inflammation de la Langiie. When 
 confined to the mucous membrane, it is of slight 
 importance. That which affects the whole of the 
 tongue is a serious disease, and requires the vigo- 
 rous use of antiphlogistics. It is rare. 
 
 GLOSSO, from yXoiaaa, 'the tongue.' In com- 
 position, relating or appertaining to the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOC'ACE, from glosso, and Kaxog, 'evil.' 
 Ulceration of the tongue, with symptoms of ady- 
 namic fever. 
 
 GLOSSOCARCINO'MA, Glossoscir'rhus, Car- 
 cino'ma LingucB, from glosso, and xapKivwua, 
 'cancer.' Cancer of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOCAT'OCHUS, Glossocat'oche, Cata- 
 glos'sum, from yXoxrira, 'the tongue,' and Karex'^f 
 'I arrest.' Lingua Leten'tor, (F.) Abaisseur de 
 la langue. An instrument, the invention of which 
 is attributed to Paulus of Mgma,, and which was 
 employed to depress the tongue, in order to exa- 
 mine diseases of the fauces. It was composed 
 of t^vo branches; one of which had, at its extre- 
 mity, a plate for depressing the tongue ; whilst 
 the other, shaped like a horse-shoe, was applied 
 under the chin. The finger, or the handle of a 
 spoon, or a spatula, is generally used in similar 
 cases. See Catagoglossum. 
 
 GLOSSOCE'LE, from glosso, and >:n\i, 'her- 
 nia,' 'tumour.' Hernia of the Tongue, Para- 
 glos'se, Prolap'sus lingua, Glossomegia'tns, Glos- 
 sopto'sis. Projection of the tongue from the 
 mouth. It depends, generally, on an inflamma- 
 tory swelling of the organ. At times, however, 
 a chronic glossocele, or sort of oedematous en- 
 gorgement, is met with; which proceeds to a 
 great length, and deforms the dental arches, the 
 lips, &e. Inflammatory glossocele must be com- 
 bated by antiphlogistics. In the oedematous 
 kind, such as is sometimes caused by excessive 
 salivation, the infiltrated fluid may be pressed 
 back by the hand of the practitioner, to get the 
 tongue behind the teeth; and it may be kept 
 there by a piece of gauze tied over the mouth. 
 The chronic, elongated kind sometimes requires 
 amputation of a portion of the organ. 
 GLOSSOCOMA, Glossospasmus. 
 GLOSSOC'OMOX, Glossoc'omiirn, Glossocomi'- 
 on, from glosso, and kojihii, 'to guard.' The an- 
 cients gave this name to a small case for holding 
 the tongues of their wind-instruments. By ex- 
 tension, it was applied to the box or cradle in 
 which fractured limbs were kept. We find, in 
 the ancient writers, a Glossocomon of Hippocrates, 
 of Nymphodorus, Galen, &c. 
 
 GLOSSODESMUS. Franum lingua. 
 GLOSSO-EPIGLOT'TIC, Glosso-epiglott'icus. 
 That which belongs to the tongue and epiglottis. 
 Some anatomists have so denominated certain 
 fleshy fibres, which pass from the base of the 
 tongue towards the epiglottis. These muscles 
 are more evident in some of the mammalia than 
 in man; and their use seems to be, — to raise the 
 
GLOSSOGRAPHY 
 
 427 
 
 GLUTEUS MAGNUS 
 
 epiglottis, and to remove it farther from the glot- 
 tis. Santorini, who described them afcer Eusta- 
 chius, calls them Retracto'res Epi(jhjt'tidis. 
 
 Glosso-Epiglot'tic Ligament, Frcenum seu 
 Fra'nidum epiglot'tidis, Ligameii'tnm memhrana'- 
 cenm, Vela men' turn lingucB. Three folds of mucous 
 membrane, which connect the anterior surface of 
 the epiglottis with the root of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOGr'RAPHY, Glossogra'phia, from glos- 
 80, and ypa<l>ri, 'a description.' An anatomical 
 description of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSO-HYAL. A name given, by GeofFroy 
 Saint-Hilaire, to the posterior cornua of the os 
 hyoides. 
 
 GLOSSOL'OGY, Glossolog"ia, from gloiso, and 
 Aoyof, ' a treatise/ ' a discourse.' A treatise on 
 the tongue. Nomenclature. 
 
 GLOSSOL'YSIS, Olossople' gia, Paral't/sis lin- 
 gum, P. Nervi hypnglossi, from gloBso, and Xuirif, 
 'solution.' Paralysis of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOMANTI'A, Progno'sis ex lingua, from 
 glosso, and navrem, ' divination.' Prognosis from 
 the state of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOMEGISTUS, Glossocele, Paraglossa. 
 
 GLOSSON'CUS, from glosso, and oyKoq, ' tu- 
 mour.' Exonco'aia lingucB. Swelling of the 
 tongue. 
 
 Glossoncus Inflammatorius, Glossitis. 
 
 GLOSSO-PALATINUS, Glosso-staphylinus— 
 g. Pharyngeal, Glosso-pharyngeus, Pharyngo- 
 glossal — g. p. Nerve, Pharyngo-glossal nerve. 
 
 GLOSSO -PHARYNGE'US, Glosso -pharyn- 
 ge'al, from glosso, and (papvy^, 'the pharynx.' Be- 
 longing to the tongue and pharynx. Some anato- 
 mists thus designate certain fleshy bundles, which 
 arise from the lateral parts of the base of the 
 tongue, and are inserted into the parietes of the 
 j)harynx. They form part of the constrictor pha- 
 ryngis superior. 
 
 GLOSSOPLEGTA, Glossolysis. 
 
 GLOSSOPTOSIS, Glossocele. 
 
 GL0SS03CIRRHUS, Glossocarcinoma. 
 
 GLOSSOSCOP'IA, from glosso, and tr-corrso), 'I 
 view.' Inspection of the tongue as an index of 
 
 GLOSS OSPAS'MUS, Glossoco'ma, Spasmus 
 lin'gncB, from glosso, and uTranjiug, ' spasm.' Cramp 
 or spasm of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOSPA'THA, Spat'ula pro ore, from 
 glosso, and airadrj, 'spatula.' A spatula for press- 
 ing down the tongue to enable the fauces to be 
 examined. 
 
 GLOSSO-STAPIIYLrNUS, from glosso, and 
 crarfivXr), ' the uvula.' Glossopalati'nua, Pala'to- 
 glossus, Constrio'tnr Isthini Fau'cinm. A small, 
 thin, narrow, and long muscle, which arises from 
 the base of the tongue, and is inserted at the in- 
 ferior and lateral part of the velum palati, in the 
 anterior pillar of which it is situate. Its use is 
 to contract the isthmus faucium, by depressing 
 the velum palati, and raising the base of the 
 tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOSTERE'SIS, LingncB extirpa'tio, from 
 glosso, and. (rrsptjaig, 'privation.' Extirpation of 
 the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOSTROPH'IA, from glosso, and arpe^pw, 
 ' I turn.' Doubling of the point of the tongue 
 upwards and backwards, — said to have been a 
 mode of suicide. [?] 
 
 GLOSSOT'OMY, Glossotom'ia, from glosso, and 
 Ttjxvuv, ' to cut.' Dissection of the tongue. Am- 
 putation of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSYPERTROPH'IA, from glosso, and 
 'vKzp, 'over,' and rpt^uv, 'to nourish.' Hyper- 
 trophy or supernutrition of the tongue. 
 
 GLOTTA, Glossa, Tongue. 
 
 GLOTTAGRA, Glossalgia. 
 
 GLOTTALGIA, Glossalgia. 
 
 GLOTTIS, yXuTTis, (' the mouth-piece of a 
 flute,') Lig'ula. A small oblong aperture, in the la- 
 rynx, comprised between the chorda vocales. It ia 
 narrow, anteriorly ; wider, posteriorly; and is ca- 
 pable of being modified by muscular contraction, 
 as may be required by the voice. It is by the 
 chordae vocales, that voice is produced. The 
 glottis is nearly an inch long in the adult male: 
 less in the female and child. 
 
 Glottis is, by some, used synonymously with 
 ventricle of the larynx : with other.s, it includes 
 the whole of the larj'nx. 
 
 Glottis, Lips of the, Thyreo-arytenoid liga- 
 ments — g. Spasm of the, Asthma thymicum. 
 
 GLOUGLOU D'UNE BOUTEILLE, Gurg- 
 ling. 
 
 GL UTER ON, Arctium Lappa— ^. Petit, Xmn- 
 thium. . 
 
 GLOUTIUS, Gluteal— g. Maximus et extimus, 
 Glutseus maximus — g. Secundus et inedius, Glu- 
 taeus medius — g. Tertius et intimus, Glutasus mi- 
 nimus. 
 
 OLOUTON, Glutton. 
 
 GLOWWORM, Cicindela. 
 
 GLUANT, Glutinous. 
 
 GLUCOGENIA, Glycogeny. 
 
 GLUCOGENESIS, Glycogeny. 
 
 GLUCOSE, Ghjcose, from yAv/cus, 'sweet.' 
 Grape, Fruit, Starch, and Honey sugar. A 
 variety of sugar, that occurs naturally in many 
 vegetable juices, and in honey. Compared with 
 cane sugar, it is much less soluble in water, and 
 less disposed to cr3'stallize; and, when injected 
 into the blood-vessels, does not pass off to the 
 like extent by the kidneys. Diabetic, U'rinury, 
 and Hepatic sugar appear to have the same che- 
 mical composition. 
 
 GLUCOSURIA, Diabetes mellitus. 
 
 GLUE BONE, Osteocolla. 
 
 GLUE FISH, Ichthyocolla. 
 
 GLUMPOT, Gallipot. 
 
 GLUTEUS MAGNUS, G. major — g. Major, 
 G. maximus. 
 
 GluTje'us Max'imus, G. major seu magnus, 
 Ifaximus et ex'timus glou'tius, (F.) Muscle grand 
 fessier, Ilio-sacro-femoral; Sacro-femoral, (Ch.), 
 from y'SovToq, 'the buttock,' 'the breech.' This 
 muscle is situate at the posterior part of the 
 pelvis, and at the upper and posterior part of the 
 thigh. It is large, thick, and quadrilateral; and 
 is attached, above, to the posterior part of the 
 crista ilii, to the part of the ilium comprised be- 
 tween the crista and the upper curved line, to the 
 posterior surface of the sacrum, coccyx, and great 
 sacro-sciatic ligament; and below, it terminates 
 by a broad aponeurosis, which is inserted into 
 the rugged surface that descends from the tro- 
 chanter major to the linea aspera of the femur. 
 This muscle extends the thigh on the pelvis, and 
 rotates the thigh outwards. It is greatly con- 
 cerned in station and progression. 
 
 GluT/E'us Me'ditts, Glou'tius Secun'dus et 3Ie- 
 dius, (F.) Ilio-trochanterien : Grand Ilio-trochan- 
 terien, (Ch.,) Moyen Fessier, This muscle is si- 
 tuate in part beneath the preceding; it is broad, 
 very thick, radiated, and triangular; attached, 
 above, to the crista ilii, and to the part of the 
 outer surface of that bone comprised between the 
 three anterior fourths of its crista, its upper 
 curved line, and its lower; and below, it ends by 
 a tendon, inserted at the upper edge of the great 
 trochanter. It is an abductor of the thigh; but 
 can turn the thigh outwards or inwards, accord- 
 ing as its posterior or inferior fibres are thrown 
 separately into contraction. 
 
 Glut.e'us Min'ijius, G. minor, Ter'tius et 
 In'timus Glou'tius, (F.) Petit Fessier; — Ilio- 
 ischii-trochantericn, Petit Ilio-trochanterien (Ch.) 
 
GLUTEAL 
 
 428 
 
 GNATHITIS 
 
 This muscle, which is situate beneath the preced- 
 ing, is flat, triangular, and with radiated fibres. 
 It is attached, above, to the external surface of 
 the OS ilii, from the inferior curved line to the 
 acetabulum ; and, below, is inserted into the an- 
 terior part of the great trochanter. It has the 
 same uses as the preceding. 
 Gluteus Minor, G. minimus. 
 GLU'TEAL, Glou'lius, Glutcp.'us. Same ety- 
 mon. (F.) Fessier. That which belongs or re- 
 lates to the nates. This name has been given to 
 many parts which compose the nates. 
 
 Gluteal Aponeuro'sis. The upper and back 
 part of the femoral fascia. In it is a remarkable 
 opening, called the gluteal arch, for the passage 
 of the gluteal vessels and nerves. 
 
 Gluteal Arch, see Gluteal aponeurosis. 
 
 GuTTEAL Artery, Poste'rior Il'iac Artery, 
 (F.) Arth-e fessiere, is one of the largest branches 
 of the hypogastric. It makes its exit from the 
 pelvis at the upper part of the superior sciatic 
 foramen ; gains the posterior part of the pelvis, 
 and divides into two branches ; — the one super- 
 ficial, the other deep-seated. The last subdivides 
 into three secondary branches, whose ramifica- 
 tions are distributed particularly to the Ghitasi, 
 Lonyiasiimis Dorsi, Sacro-lumhalis, &c., and anas- 
 tomose with the sciatic and internal circumflex 
 arteries. 
 
 Gluteal Xerve, (F.) Nerf Fessier, is a large 
 branch, furnished by the 5th pair of lumbar 
 nerves. It is chiefly distributed to the gluta2i 
 muscles. 
 
 Gluteal Vei^, (F.) Veine fessiere, follows the 
 same march as the artery of the same name. 
 
 GLUTEX, Glu'tiinim, Lentor, 'glue, paste.' 
 Veg"etablc Gluten, Veg"etable Ca'seln. An im- 
 mediate principle of vegetables. It is soft, of a 
 grayish white, viscid consistence, and very elastic. 
 Exposed to the air, it becomes hard, brown, and 
 fragile; and, in moist air, putrefies. AVater and 
 alcohol do not dissolve it. It is soluble in vege- 
 table, and in weak mineral, acids, at a high tem- 
 perature. The farinas, in which it is found, are 
 those preferred for the preparation of bread; on 
 account of the property it has of making the 
 paste rise. It is a compound of protein, and 
 hence has been ranged amongst the " proteina- 
 ceous alimentary principles" by Dr. Pereira. By 
 washing wheaten dough with a stream of water, 
 the gum, sugar, starch and vegetable albumen 
 are removed: the ductile, tenacious, elastic, gray 
 mass left is the gluten, common gluten, Bccearia's 
 gluten. Pure gluten is the soluble portion on 
 boiling common gluten in alcohol. Granulated 
 gluten, Gluten granule, is a paste made by adding 
 wheat gluten to ordinary wheat. It is said to 
 form an agreeable and nutritious aliment. 
 
 Gluten Articuloruii, Synovia — g. Beccaria's, 
 see Gluten — g. Bread, see Bread, gluten — g. 
 Common, see Gluten — g. Granulated, see Gluten 
 — g. Granule, see Gluten — g. Pure, see Gluten. 
 
 GLUTI, Nates. 
 
 GLUTIA, Nates, Quadrigemina corpora. 
 
 GLUTIN, see Gelatin. 
 
 GLTJTINANS, Agglutinant. 
 
 GLUTINATIF, Agglutinant. 
 
 GLUTINATIO, Agglutination. 
 
 GLUTINEUX, Glutinous. 
 
 GLU'TINOUS, Glutino'sus, Collo'des, from 
 gluten, 'paste, glue.' (F.) Glutineux, Gluant. 
 An epithet given to substances taken from the 
 animal or vegetable kingdom, and endowed with 
 unusual viscidity. The decoctions of marsh- 
 mallows, and figs, and the jelly of hartshorn, are 
 eaid to be glutinous. 
 
 GLUTINUM, Gluten. 
 
 GLUTI'TIS, from y\ovToi, 'the nates,' and 
 
 itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 nates. 
 
 GLUTOI. Nates. 
 
 GLUTOPYO'SIS, from yXovroi, ' the nates,' and 
 TTtiuiffif, ' suppuration.' Suppuration of the nates. 
 
 GLUTTON, same etymon as the next. Oas- 
 trimar'gns, Gnathon, JJel'luo, 3fando, Gulo'sus, 
 Lurco, Bellygod, (F.) Glouton, Gourmand, Goulou. 
 An excessive eater. 
 
 GLUT'TONY, from glutio, '1 swallow,' gluttus, 
 'the gullet.' Limo'sis Hellno'num, Gastris'mus, 
 (F.) Gourmandise. Excessive appetite, owing 
 often to habitual indulgence. 
 
 GLUTTUPATENS, Stomach. 
 
 GLUTTUS, (Esophagus. 
 
 GLUTUS, Trochanter major. 
 
 GLYCANSIS, Edulcoration. 
 
 GLYCAS'MA, from yAu/cu;, 'sweet.' A sweet 
 wine, prepared from must. — Linden. 
 
 GLYCERATON, Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 GLYCERIN, see Fat — g. Butyrate of, seo 
 Butter. 
 
 GLYCIPICROS, Solanum dulcamara. 
 
 GLYCISIDE, Pajonia. 
 
 GLYCOG"ENY, Glycogen'ia, Glycogen' esis, 
 Glucogen'ia, Glucogen'esis, (F. ) Glycogenic, from 
 yXufcus, 'sweet,' and yivtan, 'generation.' Gene- 
 ration or formatioii of sugar, — as in the liver. 
 
 GLYCOSE. Glucose. 
 
 GLYCYPHYTON, Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 GLYCYRRHI'ZA, from yXvKv?, 'sweet,' and 
 pi^a, 'a root.' G. Glabra seu Lcevis, Liquorit"ia 
 Scyth'ica, Glycera'ton, Glycyph'yton, Adip'sos, 
 Alcacas, Al'imos, Liq'uorice, Lic'orice, (F.) Re- 
 glisse, Bois doux. Ord. Leguminosse. Sex. Syst. 
 DiadelphiaDccandria. The root of this southern 
 European plant is inodorous ; has a sweet taste ; 
 is mucilaginous; and leaves, when unpeeled, a 
 degree of bitterness in the mouth. It is used aa 
 a demulcent, and chiefly in catarrh. The extract, 
 made from it and sold in the shops, is known 
 under the name tSpanish Liquorice or Liquorice 
 Juice, (F.) ./us de Reglisse. 
 
 Pectoral Balsam of Liquorice — a quack prepa- 
 ration — is said by Dr. Paris to consist chiefly of 
 Paregoric Elixir, strongly impregnated with Oil 
 of Aniseed. 
 
 GLYCYRRHGE'A, from yXvKvg, 'sweet,' and 
 ptiii, ' I flow.' A discharge of saccharine fluid 
 from the system. 
 
 Glycv'rrhcea Urinosa, Diabetes mellitus. 
 
 CLYSTER HERBS, Eerba pro Enem'ate. 
 The herbs ordinarily sold by the English apothe- 
 cary under this title, are: — -mallow leaves, one 
 part; chamomile flowers, one part. (5iss to Oj 
 of water). 
 
 GNAMPSIS, Curvature. 
 
 GNAPHALIUM DIOICUM, Antennaria dioi- 
 ca — g. Plantaginifolium seu Plan tagineum, Anten- 
 naria plantaginifolia. 
 
 Gnaphalium Margarita'ceum, Antenna'ria 
 Margarita' cea. Cudweed, Pearly Life everlasting, 
 from yvaipaXov, 'a lock of wool,' owing to the 
 floccose down of the leaves. An indigenous plant, 
 growing in woods and fields, and flowering in Au- 
 gust. Its virtues are not defined, and the same 
 may be said of 
 
 Gnaphalium Poltceph'alum ; Sweet-scented 
 Life everlasting, Catfoot. They appear to be 
 mild astringents. 
 
 GNATHALGIA, Neuralgia maxillaris. 
 
 GNATHANCYLO'SIS, from yvado;, 'the jaw,' 
 and aj/KuXutrif, 'stiffness of joint.' Ancylosis of 
 the lower jaw. 
 
 GNATHANTROPOL'YPUS, from gnathan- 
 trum, 'the antrum of Highmore,' and polypus. 
 Polypus of the antrum of Highmore. 
 
 GNATHI'TIS, Inflamma'tio gencB, from yvaOo;, 
 
GNATHMUS 
 
 429 
 
 GOLD 
 
 'the cheek, the jaw.' Inflammation of the cheek 
 or upper jaw. 
 
 GNATHMUS, Gnatbus. 
 
 GNATHOCEPH'ALUS, from yvados, 'the jaw,' 
 and Kt(j>a\n, ' head.' A monster which has no head 
 visible externally, but exhibits voluminous jaws. 
 — G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 GNATHOCYNANCHE, Cynanche parotidsea. 
 GNATHON, Glutton. 
 
 GNATHONEURALGIA, Neuralgia maxil- 
 laris. 
 
 GNATH'OPLASTT, Gnathoplas'tice, from 
 yvados, 'cheek,' and ffXaorncoc, 'formative.' The 
 formation of an artificial cheek. 
 
 GNATHOPLE'GIA, Gnathoparal'ysis, from 
 yvadoi, and vXriyrj, 'a stroke.' Paralysis of the 
 cheek. Gnathoj^aralt/sis is employed by Fuehs 
 to signify paralysis of the lesser portion of the 
 trifacial nerve, which supplies the muscles of 
 mastication. 
 
 GNATHORE,HAG"IA, from yvado;, and 'pny- 
 vvfit, 'to burst forth.' Hemorrhage from the in- 
 ternal surface of the cheeks. 
 : GNATHOSPASMUS, Trismus. 
 
 GNATHUS, GnafJimns, tvom Kvacd, 'I scrape, 
 
 rub.' The cheek, the jaw. Also, the part of the 
 
 jaws in which the teeth are fixed. — Hippocrates, 
 
 Foesius. See Bucca, Gena, and Maxillary Bone. 
 
 GNESTOS, Legitimate. 
 
 GNOME, Intellect. 
 
 GNOSIS, yvmaig, 'knowledge.' A common 
 suffix, as in Dia-gno'isis. Vrogno'sis, &o. 
 GOACONAX, see Toluifera balsamum. 
 GOADBY'S SOLUTION, see Solution, 
 Goadby's. 
 
 GOATS' BEARD, COMMON, Tragopogon. 
 GOATS' MILK, see Milk, goats' — g. Milk, 
 artificial, see Milk, goats' — g. Thorn, Astragalus 
 verus. 
 
 GOB, Mouth. , ^ 
 
 GOBELET EMETIQUE, Goblet, emetic. 
 GOBLET, EMET'IC, Poc'vlum emet'icum, Ca- 
 lix vomito'rin, (F.) Gobelet emetique. A vessel, 
 made by pouring melted antimony into a mould. 
 By putting wine into this and allowing it to stand 
 some time, it acquires the property of producing 
 vomiting. This kind of emetic has been long 
 rejected, as the practitioner could never be certain 
 of the dose he exhibited. 
 
 GODESBERG, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These waters, at Godesberg, a German mile from 
 Bonn, are an efficacious, acidulous chalybeate, 
 formerly known by the name, Draitsch Water. 
 They contain chloride of sodium, carbonate of 
 soda, carbonate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, 
 and carbonate of iron. 
 
 GODFREY'S COR'DIAL. A celebrated nos- 
 trum, for which Dr. Paris has given the following 
 formula. Infuse §ix of sassafras and of the .seeds 
 of carraioay, coriander, and anise, each ^^j, in 
 six pints of icafer. Simmer the mixture until re- 
 duced to tbiv: then add Ibvj of treacle, and boil 
 the whole for a few minutes. When cold, add 
 ^^iij of tincture of opium. The following form is 
 recommended by a committee of the Philadelphia 
 college of Pharmacy. Tinct. Opii,Oiss; Synqn 
 Nigri, Oxvj ; Alcoholis, Oij ; Aquce, Oxxvj ; Cnr- 
 honatis Potassm, ^ijss : Olei Sassafras, i^\s', M. 
 It is anodyne. , 
 
 GODR'ONNE, (Canal,) Cana'lis Petitia'nus 
 seu Peti'ti, Gouronne ciliaire, Canal de Pktit ou 
 goudronne. Canal or Bul'lular Canal of Petit. 
 Petit gave this name (from F,) godron, 'a plait 
 or fold.') to the semicircular canal, formed 
 by the tunica hyaloidea around the edge of the 
 crystalline ; because it appears, as it were, plaited 
 or festooned. 
 
 GOGGLE-EYED, (Prov.) Grozet-eyed. Hav- 
 ing prominent, staring and rolling eyes. 
 
 GOITRE, Bronchocele — g. Leaf, sec Lami- 
 naria. 
 
 GOITRE STICKS. In South America the 
 stems of a seaweed are so called, because they 
 are chewed by the inhabitants where goitre pre- 
 vails. — Royle. 
 
 GOIT'ROUS, (F.) Goitrenx. Relating or ap- 
 pertaining to goitre. One affected by goitre or 
 Bron ch ocele, — Goitred. 
 
 GOLD, Aa'rum, Chrj/sos, Sol, Rex metallo'rvm, 
 (F.) Or. (Sax.) solo. A solid, yellow, very 
 brilliant, hard, very ductile, malleable, tenacious, 
 and heavy metal; found in nature, either in its 
 native state, or combined with a little silver, cop- 
 per, or iron. S. g. 19'25. 
 
 3Iuriate or Chloride of Gold, Anri Chlo'ridiim 
 seu Terchlo' ridnm seu Ifn'rias seu Chlo7-vre'tinn, 
 Aiirum 3Inriat'ieum seu Chlora' turn seu Oxydula'- 
 inm niiiriat'icnm seu Sali'tum, (F.) Chlornre ou 
 3[uriate ou Hydro-chlorate d'or has been ad- 
 mitted into the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
 States, and into that of Paris, &c. The formulas, 
 however, differ. That of the United States is a 
 muriate with two bases ; and is prepared, accord- 
 ing to the form of Dr. Chrestien, by dissolving 
 the gold in a mixture of nitric and muriatic acids, 
 and adding chloride of sodium to the residuum 
 after evaporation ; then redissolving and evapo- 
 rating slowly to dryness. The Parisian formula 
 for the jiftiriate d'or, 3Iurias seu Chlor\ire'tiini 
 Anri, consists in simply dissolving the gold in 
 the acids, and evaporating to dryness. It has 
 been recommended as an antisyphilitio in old, re- 
 bellious, venereal affections, exostoses, and in ve- 
 nereal, scrofulous or cancerous glandular enlarge- 
 ments. Dose, gr. l-8th to gr. ss, rubbed on the 
 tongue or gums. Internally, one-sixteenth of a 
 grain, in pills. 
 
 Various other preparations, as the Cy'anide or 
 Tercy'anide, {Anri Cyan'idnm seu Cyannre'tnm 
 seu Tercyan'idum, (F.) Cyanure d'or;) the metal- 
 lic gold in a state of division {Aurwn metal'licnm, 
 Pulvis Anri, (F.) Or divise ou wetaUiqne,) ob- 
 tained by amalgamating gold with mercury and 
 driving the latter off by heat; and in the form of 
 filings {Anriim lima'tum) ; the Chloride of Gold 
 and Sodium, (Aurum mitriat'icum natrona'tum 
 seu muriat'icum seu chlora'tum natro'natum, 
 Chlore'tum Au'riciim. Chlore'to na'trii, Ilu'rias 
 Au'rico-na'tricum, Chlornre' turn anri et natrii, 
 So'dii auro-ierchlo'ridum. Hydrochlorate or muri- 
 ate of Gold and Soda, (F.) Chlornre d'or et de 
 Sodium, Hydrochlorate ou mitriate d'or et de 
 Sonde); the Nitromnriate of Gold, {Aurum Nitri- 
 co-muriat'icum, Anri nitromti'rias, (F.) Nitromii- 
 riate d'or ;) the Oxide of Gold, {Anri Ox'idum, 
 Aurnm Oxida' turn, Anri terox'idum, Perox'ide of 
 gold, Auric acid, (F.) Oxide d'or) ; and the Io- 
 dide of Gold, {Auri lo'didum seu lodnre'tnm, (F.) 
 lodnre d'or,) have been employed in the like 
 affections, and with similar results. 
 
 Gold-Beater's Skin. The intestina recta of 
 the ox, which have been beaten quite smooth, for 
 the manufacture of gold leaf. Used as a defen- 
 sive dressing for slight cuts, &q. 
 
 Gold, CHLOniDE of, see Gold — g. Cyanide tjf, 
 see Gold — g. Hydrochlorate of, see Gold — g. Io- 
 dide of, see Gold — g. Muriate of, see Gold — g. 
 Nitro-niuriate of, see Gold — g. Oxide of, see Gold 
 — g. Peroxide of, see Gold — g. Tercyanide of. see 
 Gold — g. and Sodium, Chloride of oxide of, see 
 Gold — g. and Soda, hydrochlorate of, see Gold — 
 g. and Soda, muriate of, see Gold. 
 
 Gold Leaf. Gold Foil, Aumm folia' turn, Anrum 
 in lihel'lis. Used to gild pills and to plug cari- 
 ous teeth. The gold leaf or foil, used by the 
 dentist for filling teeth, is much thicker than 
 ordinary gold leaf. 
 
 Gold Thread, Coptis. 
 
GOLDEN BUG 
 
 430 
 
 GONORRHCEA 
 
 GOLDEN BUG, Coccinella septempunetata — 
 g. Knop, Coccinella septempunetata — g. Rod, 
 Polidago virgaurea — g. Rod, fragrant, Solidago 
 odora — g. Rod, rigid, Solidago rigida — g. Rod, 
 sweetscented, Solidago odora — g. Seal, see Ca- 
 luiuba, Hydrastis Canadensis. 
 
 60LDENS, Chrysanthemum leueanthemum. 
 
 GOLDING, Calendula officinalis. 
 
 GOLDSHRUB, Palicourea speciosa. 
 
 GOLDWASSER, see Spirit. 
 
 GOLFE, Sinus — g. de la Veine jngulaire, see 
 Jugular veins. 
 
 GOLUNCHA, Menispermum cordifolium. 
 
 GOMBO, Hibiscus esculentus. 
 
 GOMME, Gumma, Gummi — g. Adragant,Tra.- 
 gacanth — g. Amvioniaque, Ammoniac gum — g. 
 Arahique, Acaciee gummi — g. Astringente de 
 Gamble, see Butea frondosa — g. Caragne, Ca- 
 ranna — g. Oarane, Caranna — g. Elastique, Ca- 
 outchouc — g. de Ga'inc, Guaiaeum — g. de Gene- 
 vrier, Sandarac — g. Gettania, Gutta Percha — g. 
 Giitte, Cambogia — g.deKino, Kino — g.Laque, Lac- 
 ca — g.de Lierre, see Hedera helix — g. du Pays, 
 Gummi nostras — g. Seraphiqne, Sagapenum. 
 
 GOMPHI'ASIS, Gomphias'mus, from yofKpo?, 
 'a nail.' A disease of the teeth, and particularly 
 of the molares ; looseness of the teeth in their 
 sockets. Agomphia'sia. Pain in the teeth. 
 Odontalgia. 
 
 GOMPHIASMUS, Gomphiasis. 
 
 GOMPHIOL Molar teeth. 
 
 GOMPHOCAR'PUS CRISPUS. A South 
 African plant, the root of which, formerly known 
 to the Dutch apothecaries as Radix Asclepi'adis 
 crispce, is extremely bitter and acrid ; and, on 
 account of its diuretic virtues, a decoction or in- 
 fusion of it has been advised in various kinds of 
 dropsy. A tincture of it is said to be valuable 
 in colic. 
 
 GOMPHOMA, Gomphosis. 
 
 GOM?HO'SlS,Cardinamen'tiim,Clava'tio,Gom- 
 pho'ma, Coagmenta'tio, Inclava'tio, Incunea'tio, 
 from yo//0of, 'a nail.' Engompho'sis. An immova- 
 ble articulation, in which one bone is received into 
 another, like a nail or peg into its hole. Gom- 
 phosis is only met with in the articulations of the 
 teeth with the alveoli. It is, also, called Articu- 
 lation par inplantaiion. 
 
 GOMPHUS, Clavus. 
 
 GOMUTO PALM, see Toddy. 
 
 GOMUTOS GOMUTO, see Toddy. 
 
 GONACRASIA, Spermatorrhoea. 
 
 GONACRATIA, Spermatorrhoea. 
 
 GON'AGRA, Gon'yagra, from yovv, 'the knee,' 
 and ayga, 'a. prey.' "That which attacks the 
 knees." Gout or rheumatism in the knees. 
 GongorrTieu'ma. Paracelsus calls it Gen'ugra. 
 
 GONAL'GIA, from yow, 'the knee,' and aXyos, 
 'pain.' Pain in the hnee. Gonyal'gia. This is 
 almost always produced by gout. It may, how- 
 ever, depend on some other disease, either of the 
 knee or of another part — particularly of the hip- 
 joint. 
 
 GON ARTHRITIS, from yow, 'the knee,' 
 apOpov, 'joint,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the knee-joint. 
 
 GONARTHROCACE, Gonocace. 
 
 GONAURA, see Sperm. 
 
 GOiVDOLE OCULAIRE, Scaphium oculare. 
 
 GONDRET'S AMMONIACAL CAUSTIC, 
 Pommade de Gondret — g. Counter-irritant, Pom- 
 made de Gondret. 
 
 GONE, Gonos, Genitu'ra. The semen; (hence, 
 gonorrhoea) — the uterus, ofFspring. — Hippocrates. 
 See Epigone, and Generation. 
 
 GONECYSTIDES, Vesiculfe seminales. 
 
 GONECYSTI'TIS, Injlamma'tio vesicula'rmn 
 semina'liitm, from yov?], 'sperm,' Kvarii, 'bladder,' 
 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
 of the vesTculse seminales. 
 
 GONEPCEUS, Spermatopoeus. 
 
 GONEPOETICUS, Spermatopoeus. 
 
 GONFLEMENT, Swelling. 
 
 GONGRONA, Bronchocele. 
 
 GONGROPHTHISIS, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 GONGYLIDIUM, Pilula. 
 
 GONGYLION, Pilula. 
 
 GONGYLIS, Pilula. 
 
 GONIOCATH'ETER, from yuwa, 'an angle,' 
 and KaQsTrip, 'a catheter.' An angular or crooked 
 catheter. 
 
 GONIOME'LE, from yuivia, 'an angle,' and 
 //(/X;?, 'a probe.' An angular or crooked probe or 
 sound. 
 
 GONIOM'ETER, Goniom'etrum, from yojvia, 
 'an angle,' and nerpov, 'a measure.' An instru- 
 ment for measuring angles. 
 
 A 'Facial GoNiojrETER' has been invented by 
 Mr. Turnpenny, of Philadelphia, which is well 
 adapted for measuring the facial angle. 
 
 GONOBOLIA, Ejaculation, spermatic. 
 
 GONOCACE, Gonarfhroc'ace, from yovv, 'the 
 knee,' and kukos, 'evil.' Tumor genu albus. 
 White swelling of the knee. Hydrarthrus. 
 
 GONOCELE, Spermatocele. 
 
 GONOI'DES, from yovr;, 'sperm,' and £(^oj, 'ap- 
 pearance.' Genitu'ra siin'ilis. Similar to sperm. 
 Sperm'atoid, Spermato'i'des, Spermato'des. A term 
 appropriated to any substance which resembles 
 sperm. 
 
 GONOL'OBUS MACROPHYL'LUS, {yi^via, 
 'an angle,' and Xof^og, 'a pod'); indigenous. Nat, 
 Ord. AsclepiadaceEe. The root is cathartic. It 
 is said to furnish a juice with which the Indians 
 poison their arrows. [?] 
 
 GONOPOETICUS, Spermatopoeus. 
 
 GONORRHEE BAT ARDE, GonorrhcBH 
 spuria. 
 
 GONORRHO-BLEPHARRHCEA,Ophthalmia, 
 gonorrhoeal. 
 
 GONORRHO-PROSTATITIS, see Prostatitis. 
 
 GONORRHOE'A. Erroneously called from 
 yovrj, 'sperm,' and pem, 'I flow,' because the older 
 writers believed it to be a flux of semen. Dlen- 
 norrhag"ia, Blennorrhoe'a, B. urethra' I is, Blen- 
 nure'thria, Phallorrhoe.' a, 3/edorrhce' a, M. viri'lis, 
 Oatar'rhus gonorrhoe'a seu ure'thrcB, Urethri'tis, 
 Inflamma'tio ure'thra. Urethral' gia, Proflu'vivm 
 mitco'sum ure'throB, Catarrhus urethra'lis, (F.) 
 Ecoidement, Urethrite, Uretrtte. An inflamma- 
 tory discharge of mucus from the membrane of 
 the urethra in both sexes; and from that of the 
 prepuce in man, and the vagina in woman. It 
 may be excited spontaneously, or by irritants 
 applied directly to the membrane; but is usually 
 produced by impure connexion. Two great va- 
 rieties have been generally reckoned. — 1. Gonor- 
 RHCEA PuRA SEU Benig'na. That which does 
 not follow an impure connexion; (F.) Echanffe- 
 ment, Blennorrhag"ia benigna, Caulorrhos'a 
 benig'na, Oatar'rhus Ure'thra, Gonorrhoe'a ca- 
 tarrha'lis seu non eontagio'sa: — and, 2. GoNOR- 
 RHCEA Imptj'ra, malig'na, eontagio'sa, syphilitica, 
 et virulen'ta ; Fluor albus malig'nus, Fluxus ve- 
 ne'reus, Bleniiorrhoe'a luo'des, Baptorrhoe'a, 
 Myxio'sis, Lues gonorrho'ica, Scroph'ulm gonor- 
 rho'ica, Tuber'cula gonorrho'ica. Clap, (Old E.) 
 Chawdjiye, (F.) Chaudepisse ; that which is the 
 result of impure commerce. The French, also, 
 distinguish the Chaudepisse seche, or that unac- 
 companied with discharge; and the Chaudepisse 
 chordee, Gonnorrhce'a corda'ta, or that accompa- 
 nied with chordee, and which, of course, occurs 
 only in the male. It is the kind that most fre- 
 quently engages the attention of the practitioner, 
 and is characterized by mucous discharge from 
 
GONOS 
 
 431 
 
 GOSSYPIUM 
 
 the urethra or vagina, intermixed with specific 
 matter, and accompanied with burning pain on 
 micturition. It is decidedly infectious. It is, 
 however, a distinct disease from syphilis, and 
 never produces it. Its duration is various, but 
 the inflammatory symptoms usually subside in 
 four or five weeks ; leaving generally behind 
 more or less of the gonorrhcea mucosa or gleet. 
 Gonorrhoea of every kind, attended with any 
 inflammatory symptoms, is best treated by the 
 antiphlogistic, regimen; avoiding every kind of 
 irritation, and keeping the body cool by small 
 doses of salts, and the urine diluted by the mild- 
 est fluids. After the inflammatory symptoms 
 have subsided, cubebs, or the balsam of copaiba, 
 exhibited in the dose of a teaspoonful, three times 
 a day, will be found efi'ectual : indeed, during the 
 existence of the inflammatory symptoms, it often 
 affords decided relief. Injections are rarely re- 
 quired. 
 
 Sometimes, gonorrhoea affects the glans; when 
 it is called Gonorrhaa Spu'ria seu Bal'ani, Ba- 
 lanohlennorrhve' a, Balannorrhce' a, Balani' tis; 
 Blennorrliag"ia spu'ria seu nothn, (F.) Blennor- 
 rliagie du gland, Gonovrhee hdtarde, Fausse Blen- 
 nnrrkagi'e. It requires only cleanliness and cool- 
 ing lotions. This is the simple form of balanitis. 
 It may, however, be of the impure kind — Bala- 
 norrhag"in, (F.) Balanite contagieuse. 
 
 Some other varieties of gonorrhoea have been 
 enumerated, but they are of little moment. 
 
 In consequence of repeated attacks of gonor- 
 rhoea, or of the debility induced by a single at- 
 tack, it not unfrequently happens, as already re- 
 marked, that a constant, small discharge occurs, 
 or remains behind, after all danger of infection 
 is removed. The great difi'erence between it and 
 gonorrhoea is, that it is uninfectious. The dis- 
 charge consists of globular particles, contained 
 in a slimy mucus, and is generally devoid of that 
 yellow colour which characterizes the discharge 
 of gonorrhoea virulenta. It is unattended with 
 pain, scalding, &c. To this state the names 
 Gleet, Gonorrhce' a muco'sa, Blennorrhce' a chron'- 
 ica, Blennorrhce'a, &c., have been given. It is 
 commonly a disease of some duration, and de- 
 mands the use of the copaiba, astringent injection ; 
 and, if obstinate, the introduction of the bougie. 
 GoNORRncEA Balani, G. spuria — g. Benigna, 
 Leucorrhoea — g. Catarrhalis, see Gonorrhoea — g. 
 Chordata, Chordee — g. Contagiosa, see Gonor- 
 rhoea. 
 
 Gonorrhcea Dormien'tium, G. Oneirog'onos. 
 The seminal discharge which occurs during sleep, 
 and is occasioned by libidinous dreams. See Pol- 
 lution. 
 
 Gonorrhcea Ihptjra, see Gonorrhoea. 
 Gonorrhcea Laxc'ruji, G. libidino'firt, Sper- 
 matorrhoe'a aton'ica, consists of a pellucid dis- 
 charge from the urethra, whilst awake, without 
 erection of the penis, but with venereal thoughts. 
 Gonorrhcea Laxorum, Pollution, G. libidinosa 
 • — g. Maligna, see Gonorrhoea — g. Mucosa (gleet), 
 see Gonorrhoea — g. Noncontagiosa, G. pura — g. 
 Notha inveterata, Leucorrhoea — g. Oneirogonos, 
 G. dormientium. Pollution — g. Spuria, see Go- 
 norrhoea — g. Syphilitica, see Gonorrhoea — g. 
 Vera, Pollution, Spermatorrhoea — g. Virulenta, 
 see Gonorrhcea. 
 GONOS, Gone. 
 
 GONOSTROMA, Proligerous disc. 
 GONOZEMIA, Spermatorrhoea. 
 GONY, yovv, Genu, 'the knee;' hence: 
 GONYAGRA, Gonagra. 
 GONYALGIA, Gonalgia. 
 
 GONYAN'CON, Gonycamp'sig, from yovv, 'the 
 knee,' and ayKwv, 'a curvature.' A curvature or 
 bending of the knee. A bent knee. 
 GONYCAMPSIS, Gonyancon. 
 
 GONYG'ROTUS, from yo.r, 'the knee,' an.] 
 (cportd), 'I strike.' One who is knock-kneed, or 
 in-kneed. See Entogonj'ancon. 
 
 GONYON'CUS, from yovv, 'the knee,' and 
 oyxn;, 'a tumour.' A swelling of the knee. 
 GONYORRIIEUMA. Gonagra. 
 GOOD KING HENRY, Chenopodium bonus 
 Henricus. 
 
 GOODYE'RA PUBES'CENS, Tus.m'ca reti- 
 ciila'ta, Satyr' ium, Neott'ia, liatl.lesnake leaf, 
 Eattlesnahe Plantain, Networt, Netleaf, Scrofula 
 loeed, Cancer toeed. , Ovd. Orchidaceee. An in- 
 digenous plant, used empirically in scrofula — the 
 fresh leaves being applied to the sores. It is 
 employed by the Indians. 
 
 GOOSEBERRY, Ribes uva erispa. 
 GOOSEFOOT, Chenopodium anthelmintieum 
 — g. Angular-leaved, Chenopodium bonus Hen- 
 ricus — g. Mercurj', Chenopodium bonus Henricus 
 — g. Stinking, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 
 GOOSEGRASS, Galium aparine, G. verum. 
 GOOSESHARE, Galium aparine. 
 GOOSESKIN, Horrida cutis. 
 GORBELLY, Physconia. 
 GORDIUS MEDINENSIS, Dracunculus. 
 GORGE, Ingluvies, Pharynx, Throat — </. 
 Grouse, Bronchocele — g. Mai de, Cynanche. 
 
 GORGERET, Gorget — ^. Llthotome, Gorget, 
 lithotomv — g. d Reponssoir, see Gorget. 
 
 GORGET, from (F.) gorge, 'the throat.' Ca- 
 na'lis canalicula'tus, Ductor canalicnla'tiis, (F.) 
 Gorgeret. An instrument representing a long 
 gutter, in the shape of a throat, which is espe- 
 cially employed in the operations of lithotomy 
 and fistula in ano. 
 
 Gorget, Cutting, see Gorget, and Lithotomy. 
 Gorget, Lithot'omy, (F.) Gorgeret Lithotome, 
 Cutting Gorget, is the one used in the operation 
 for the stone, for the purpose of dividing the 
 prostate and the neck of the bladder, so as to 
 enable the surgeon to introduce the forceps and 
 extract the stone. At the end of this gorget is a 
 crest or beak, which fits the groove of the staff, 
 and admits of the gorget being passed along it 
 into the bladder. Besides cutting, there are also 
 hlunt gorgets, intended to be introduced into the 
 wound — their concavity serving as a guide for 
 the forceps into the bladder. 
 
 The chief modifications in the gorget have been 
 made by Andouillet, Bell, Blicke, Bromfield, Cline, 
 Pesault, Foubert, Hawkins, Larrey, Lefevre, Mi- 
 chaelis, Thomas, <fec. 
 
 Gorget for Fistula in And consists of a 
 semi-cylindrical wooden staff, four inches long, 
 without including the handle, and furnished with 
 a wide groove. This is introduced into the rec- 
 tum, to prevent the point of the bistoury from 
 injuring the intestine, when the internal orifice 
 of the fistula is deeply situate, and it is desirable 
 to ptrfonn the operation by incision. This in- 
 strument, invented by Marchettis, has been mo- 
 dified by Percy, Runge, &o. 
 
 Desault invented an instrument for conducting 
 the wire by the anus, in the operation for fistula 
 by ligature. He called it Gorgeret d, reponssoir. 
 
 GORGO'NEI PONTES. Fountains described 
 by Libavius as containing water which possessed 
 a petrifying property; probably, water holding 
 in solution supercarbonate of lime. 
 GORGOSSET, Pyrosis. 
 GOSIER, Pharynx, Throat. 
 GOSSUM, Bronchocele. 
 
 GOSSYP'IUM, Gossijp'ium Herha'ceum, Gos- 
 sip'ion Xylon, Xylum, Bombax, Cotton, (F.) Co- 
 ton. Family, Malvaceae. Sex. Syst. Monadel- 
 phia Polyandria. The seeds of the Cotton Tree, 
 Gossip'ium arbor'enm, have been administered in 
 coughs, on account of the mucilage they contain, 
 and a decoction of a pint of the seeds to a quart 
 
GOTCHBELLY 
 
 432 
 
 GRACILIS 
 
 ,»f icater has been given, in the Southern States, 
 in intermittents. A decoction of the root has 
 been prescribed as an emmenagogue and parturi- 
 facient. The cotton wool is used in medicine for 
 mrtking inoxas, <fec., and is applied in the treat- 
 ment of recent burns and scalds. 
 
 GOTCHBELLY, Physconia. 
 
 GOTIUM, Bronchocele. 
 
 GOUDRON, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 GOUET, Arum maculatum. 
 
 GOVETRE, Bronchocele. 
 
 GOULARD'S LOTION, see Lotion, Goulard's. 
 
 Goulard Water, Liquor plumbi subacetatis 
 dilutus. 
 
 GOULU, Glutton. 
 
 GOIIND OF THE EYE, Chassie. 
 
 GOTTRD, Cucurbita — g. Bitter, Cueumis colo- 
 cynthis — g. Bottle, Cucurbita pepo. 
 
 Gourd Worm, Distoma hepaticum. 
 
 GOURMANDISE, Gluttony. 
 
 GOURME, Porrigo larvalis. Vulgarly, in 
 France, any cutaneous eruption. 
 
 GOUSSE, Legumen. 
 
 GOUT, Arthri'tis, Arth'ragra, Arthral'gia, 
 Morbus domino'riim seu articula'ris, Ilalum arti- 
 culo'riim, Gutta, Arthro'sia Pod'agra, PodaVgia, 
 Pod'agra, Arthrit'icus verus, Arthri'tis Podngrn, 
 Podagra Arthri'tis, Flux'io arthrit'ica, Febris 
 arthrit'iea seu Podag'rica, Arthrodyn'ia pndag'- 
 rica, Caiima podag'ricum, F/erecin, Gastro- 
 arthri'tis, llisopto'chos, (Sc.) Gat, (F.) Goittte, 
 Agrie. — Piorry. The gout was formerly regarded 
 as a catarrh, and received its name from (F.) 
 goittte, (L.) gutta, 'a drop;' because it was be- 
 lieved to be produced by a liquid, which distilled, 
 goutte d goutte, 'drop by drop,' on the diseased 
 part. This name, which seems to have been first 
 used about the year 1270, has been admitted into 
 the different languages of Europe. Gout is an 
 inflammation of the fibrous and ligamentous parts 
 of the joints. It almost always attacks, first, the 
 great toe; whence it passes to the other smaller 
 joints, after having produced, or been attended 
 with, various sj'mpathetic phenomena, particularly 
 in the digestive organs : after this, it may attack 
 the greater articulations. It is an atfection which 
 is extremely fugitive, and variable in its recur- 
 rence. It may be acquired or hereditary. In 
 the former case, it rarely appears before the age 
 of thirty-five; in the latter, it is frequently ob- 
 served earlier. It is often difiBcu-lt to distinguish 
 it from rheumatism. A combination is, indeed, 
 supposed to exist sometimes; hence called Rheu- 
 matic gout. During the paroxysm or fit, a burn- 
 ing, lancinating pain is experienced in the affected 
 joint, attended with tumefaction, tension, and 
 redness. One or more joints may be attacked, 
 either at the same time or in succession; and, in 
 either case, the attack terminates by resolution 
 in a few days. This is the Arthri'tis acu'ta seu 
 infiammato' ria seu regiila'ris, Regular gout, Arth- 
 ro'sia pod'agra regula'ris, Arth'ragra legit'ima 
 seu vera seu genui'na seu nornia'lis, (F.) Goutte 
 reguliere chaude. At other times, pains in the 
 joints exist, of more or less acute character; the 
 swelling being without redness. These pains 
 persist, augment, and diminish irregularly, with- 
 out exhibiting intermission, and, consequently, 
 without having distinct paroxysms. The disease 
 is then called aton'ic, asthen'ic, imjyerfect or ir- 
 regular gout, Chronic G., Arthri'tis aton'ica seu 
 asthen'ica, Arthro'sia Podagra larva'ta, Dysar- 
 thri'tis. It is, also, commonly called in France 
 Goutte froide, Goutte blanche. It may appear 
 primarily, or succeed attacks of regular gout. 
 
 Giiut does not always confine itself to the joints. 
 It may attack the internal organs: when it is 
 called Arthritis aber'rans seu errat'ica seu pla- 
 net'icu, Arth'ragra anom'ala, Pod'agra aber'rans, 
 
 Vare'ni, Wandering, misplaced, or anomalous gout, 
 (F.) Goutte vague. 
 
 Ret' rograde gout. Arthritis retrog'rada. Poda- 
 gra retrog'rada, Arthro'sia Podagra cowplica'ta, 
 Rece'dent or mispla'ced gout, (F.) Goutte remontee, 
 G. vialplacee, G. rentree, is when it leaves the 
 joints suddenly and attacks some internal organ, 
 as the stomach, intestines, lungs, brain, &c. 
 
 Gout is also called, according to the part it 
 may aifect. Podagra, Gonagra, Chiragra, &c. 
 It may be acute or chronic, and may give rise to 
 concretions, which are chiefly composed of urate 
 of soda. See Calculus, (arthritic.) It may, also, 
 give occasion to nodosities, when it is called Ar- 
 thritis nodo'sa, (F.) Goutte nouec. 
 
 The treatment is of the antiphlogistic kind, 
 and the local disorder should be but little inter- 
 fered with. Colchicum seems to have great power 
 over the disease. It forms the basis of the Eau 
 medicinale d'Husson, a celebrated French gout- 
 remedy. The bowels must be kept regular by 
 rhubarb and magnesia ; and a recurrence of the 
 ■disease be prevented by abstemious habits. 
 Gout, Diaphragmatic, Angina pectoris. 
 Gout Paper, so called, Charta antiarthrit'ica, 
 Charta antirheiimat'ica, is made by spreading a 
 very thin layer of a mixture of an ethereal or 
 spirituous extract of the bark of mezereon root, 
 with wax, spermaceti, and oil, over the surface 
 of paper. 
 
 Gout, Rheumatic, see Rheumatism, acute — g. 
 Weed, Ligusticum podagraria. 
 Gout Stones, Calculi, arthritic. 
 GOUT, Taste. 
 
 GOUTTE, Gout, Gutta — gr. Blanche, Gout 
 (atonic) — g. Caduque, Epilepsy — g. Froide, Gout 
 (atonic) — g. Malplacee, Gout (retrograde) — g. 
 JVouee, Gout (with nodosities) — g. Reguliere 
 chaude. Gout (regular) — g. Remontee, Gout (re- 
 trograde) — g. Rentree, Gout (retrograde) — g. Rose, 
 Gutta rosea— jr. Sciatique, Neuralgia femoro-pop- 
 litsea — jr. Sereine, Amaurosis — g. Vague, Gout 
 (wandering.) 
 
 GOUTTEUX, Arthritic, Podagric. 
 GOUTTIERE (F.), Collic"ia. A gutter in a 
 bone, like that used for carrying off rain. Some 
 of these cavities are intended to facilitate the 
 sliding of tendons, such as the Gouttiere Bicipi- 
 tale or Bicip'ital groove. Others, as the Gout- 
 tiere sagittate or Sagittal groove, lodge blood- 
 vessels and especially veins. Others, again, are 
 merely intended for the support of certain organs ; 
 as the Gouttiere basilaire or Bas'ilary fossa, which 
 supports the medulla oblongata. 
 
 GOUTTIERE BASILAIRE, see Gouttiire— 
 g. Bicipitale, Bicipital groove — g. Lacrymale, 
 Lachrymal groove — g. Sacre, Sacral groove — 
 g. Sagittate, see Gouttiere. 
 
 GOUTY, Arthritic, Podagric — g. Rheumatism, 
 see Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 GOUVERNAIL BU TESTICULE, Guber- 
 naculum testis. 
 
 GOWAN, EWE, Bellis — g. Yellow, Ranun- 
 culus. 
 
 GOWLAND'S LOTION, see Lotion, Gow- 
 land's. 
 
 GOWN, RED, Strophulus— g. Yellow, Icterus 
 infantum. 
 
 GOWNDE OF THE EYE, Chassie. 
 GRACE-WIFE, Midwife. 
 GRACILARIA LICHENOIDES, Fucus amy- 
 laceus. 
 
 GRACILIS, Macer, 3facilen'tKs. Slender, 
 lean. Also, the slender Rectus inte'rior fem'oria 
 seu Grac"ilis interior, (F.) Sous-pubio-creti-tibial, 
 Sous-pubio-pretibial (Ch.), Broit ou grSle interne 
 de la cuisse. This muscle is situate at the inside 
 of the thigh. It is thin and very long; and 
 
GRADUATE 
 
 433 
 
 GRAPHITES 
 
 arises from the descending ramus of the pubis, 
 to be inserted at the inner and inferior part of 
 the tuberosity of the tibia. It bends the leg and 
 causes adduction of the thigh. See Grele. 
 
 Gracilis Anterior, Rectus femoris. 
 
 GRAD'UATE, Gradua'tns, from gradns, 'a. 
 step,' 'a degree.' In medicine, one who has at- 
 tained a degree, — usually, the degree of doctor. 
 
 GR^A, YO'^^'^- The pellicle which forms on 
 milk. The folds of skin round the umbilicus. 
 An old woman. 
 
 GRAIN, Grcmum; the 60th part of a Troy, 
 and the 72 d part of a Poide de marc drachm. 
 
 Grain Oil, Oil, fusel — g. Oily, Sesamum ori- 
 entale. 
 
 GEAINE D' ASPIC, see Phalaris Canariensis 
 — g. d'Ecarlate, Coccus cacti — g. Muse, Hibiscus 
 abelmoschus — g. de Paradis, Amomum granum 
 paradisi — g. de Perroqitet, Carthamus tinctorius 
 (seed) — g. de Sante, see Pilulse aloes et kinsfi 
 kinas — g. de Turquie, Zea maj's. 
 
 GRAINS, GUINEA, see Pepper, Malagueta. 
 
 Grains of Paradise, Amomum granum Para- 
 disi. 
 
 GRAISSE, Pinguedo — g. de 3Touton, Sevum 
 — g. d'Oie, Adeps anserina — g. Oxygenee, Un- 
 guentum acidi nitrosi — g. de Pore, Adeps prse- 
 paratus. 
 
 GRAMEN ^GTPTIACUM, G. Crucis cype- 
 rioidis — g. Caninum, Triticum rcpens. 
 
 Gramen Crucis Cyperioi'dis, Graraen JEgyp'- 
 iiacum, j3Sgyp'tian Cock's foot grnss. Ord. Gra- 
 minese. The roots and plants possess the virtues 
 of the Triticum repens, and have been recom- 
 mended in the earlier stages of dropsy. They 
 were, formerly, considered to possess many other 
 properties. 
 
 Gramen Dioscoridis, Triticum repens — g. Ma- 
 jor, Sarsaparilla Germanica — g. Orientale, Juncus 
 odoratus — g. Repens, Triticum repens — g. Ru- 
 brum, Sarsaparilla Germanica. 
 
 GRAMIA. CHASSIE, Lippitudo. 
 
 GRAMINIV'0R0US,i5™mn»-i;'oru,9, from gm- 
 wen, 'grass,' and voro, 'I eat.' Peeding or sub- 
 sisting on grass. 
 
 GRAMMARIUM, Scruple. 
 
 GRAMME, ypaufxri. An ancient weight, equi- 
 valent to the 24th part of an ounce, or to 24 
 grains, or a scruple, avoirdupois. At the present 
 day, the gramme is equal in weight to a cubed 
 centimetre of water; or to IS grains, poids de 
 marc — 15.434 grains, Troy. 
 
 Gramme, Iris, Line. 
 
 GRAMMITIS AUREA, Asplenium ceterach— 
 g. Ceterach, Asplenium ceterach. 
 
 GRANA, Ilemicrania — g. Guineensia, Pepper, 
 malagueta — g. Molucca, Croton tiglium — g. Mos- 
 chi. Hibiscus abelmoschus — g. Orientis, see Me- 
 nispermum cocculus — g. Paradisi, Amomum gra- 
 num Paradisi — g. Tiglii seu Tiglia, see Croton 
 tiglium— g. Tilii, Croton tiglium— g. Triticea, see 
 Hyoides os. 
 
 GRANADILLA, APPLE-SHAPED, Passiflo- 
 ra maliformis. 
 
 GRANATI RADICIS CORTEX, see Punica 
 granatum. 
 
 GRAND DORSAL, Latissimus dorsi. 
 
 GRANDEB'AL^. The hair which grows in 
 the arm-pits. 
 
 GRANDGORE, Syphilis. 
 
 GRANDINOSUM OS, Cuboid. 
 
 GRANDO, Chalaza. 
 
 GRANDULA, Gland. 
 
 GRANIVOROUS, Graniv'orjcs, from granum, 
 'a. grain.' and voro, '1 eat.' Feeding or subsist- 
 ing on grain or seeds. 
 
 GRANTRISTUM, Anthrax. 
 
 6RANULA SANGUINIS, Globules of the 
 blood — g. Seminis, see Sperm. 
 28 
 
 GRAX'ULAR, Gran'ulous, Granulo'sus, (F.) 
 Granule, Granuleux, from granulum, 'a small 
 grain.' Composed of or containing granules or 
 small particles, — as 'granular eyelid,' 'membrana 
 granulosa,' &o., &c. 
 
 Granular Degeneration or Disorganization 
 OF THE Kidney, Kidney, Bright's disease of the 
 — g. Conjunctiva, Trachoma — g. Eyelid, Tracho- 
 ma — g. Laj-er, Membrana granulosa — g. Liver, 
 Cirrhosis — g. Tin, see Tin. 
 
 GRANULATED LIVER, Cirrhosis. 
 
 GRANULA'TION, Granula'tio, from granum, 
 'a, grain.' Gemma, (F.) Bourgeon, B. charnu. 
 Granulations are the reddish, conical, flesh-like 
 shoots, which form at the surface of suppurating 
 wounds and ulcers. They are the product of in- 
 flammatory excitement, and may be produced 
 in indolent ulcers, by exciting the parts by pro- 
 per stimulants. They form the basis of the ci- 
 catrix. 
 
 Granulation is, likewise, a name given by 
 the modern French physicians to an organic 
 lesion, consisting in the formation of small, round, 
 firm, shining, semi-transparent tumours, of the 
 size and shape of millet-seed, or of a pea; which 
 are met with in the lungs particularly, and in 
 considerable quantity; often without materially 
 interfering with their functions. 
 
 In pharmacy, gramdation is a process by which 
 a metal is reduced to fine grains, by melting it, 
 and causing it, whilst liquid, to pass through a 
 kind of sieve into a vessel of water, — as in the 
 making of shot: — or by shaking or rubbing the 
 melted metal in an appropriate box or vessel, — 
 as in the formation of granular tin or granulated 
 zinc. 
 
 GRANULATIONS CEREBRALES, Glan- 
 dulae Pacchioni. 
 
 Granula'tions Mil'iary, or Miliary tu'her- 
 cles, are the small, transparent grains, of varia- 
 ble size, from that of a millet-seed to that of a 
 grain of hemp, which are presumed to be the 
 primitive state of tubercles. 
 
 GRAN'ULE, Gran'ulum; diminutive of ^ra- 
 Ji7(?n, 'a grain.' A small grain ; a small compact 
 particle ; a cytoblast. 
 
 Gran'ules Sem'inal, Gran'ula sem'inis. Mi- 
 nute, rounded, granulated bodies, observable in 
 the semen, which are, in all cases, much less 
 numerous than the spermatozoids. See Sperm. 
 
 GRANULEUX, Granular. 
 
 GRANULOUS, Granular. 
 _ GRANVILLE'S LOTION, see Lotion, Gran- 
 ville's counter-irritant. 
 
 GRAPE, see Vitis vinifera — g. Sea-side, see 
 Kino. 
 
 Grape-Cure, (F.) Cure du raisin, (G.) Trau- 
 benkur, Weintrau. A mode of medication in 
 Germany, which consists in the use of the grape 
 for both meat and drink ; nothing more at the 
 farthest being allowed than a piece of dry bread. 
 This diet is continued for weeks. Its efi^ects are 
 altogether revellent, and resemble in many re- 
 spects those of hydropathy. 
 
 Grapes, Dried, Uveb passse. 
 
 GRAPHIDOiDES, Stvloid. 
 
 GKAPHIODES, Styloid. 
 
 GRAPHIOiDES, Styloid. 
 
 GRAPHIS'CUS, Graphis'cus Di'oclis. An in- 
 strument invented by Diodes for extracting 
 darts [?]. Said, in many of the Dictionaries, but 
 erroneously, to be described by Celsus. He 
 speaks only of the Cyathis'eus Di'oclis, Aiok^uov 
 KvaBioKov. See Cyathiscus. 
 
 GRAPHI'TES, Plumha'go, SujJercarbure'tum 
 seu Carhure'tum Ferri, Ferri Carhona'tum seu 
 Su]>ercarhure'tum, Carlo minera'lis, Galene'a, 
 Gah'ne, Plumbum nigrum, Ceruss'a nigra, Gra- 
 23Ji>te, Car'buret of iron, Black lead, Wad, (F.) 
 
GRAPHOlDES 
 
 434 
 
 GRELE 
 
 Crayon noir, Plomhagine, Charhon mineral, Car- 
 hure de fer, from ypacpa, 'I write.' This sub- 
 stance has been esteemed slightly astringent and 
 desiccative. It has been advised by Weinhold 
 in the cure of herpes. 
 GRAPHOlDES, Styloid. 
 GRAPH03PASMUS, Cramp, writers'. 
 GRAS DES CADAVRES, Adipocire — g-. de 
 Jitmhe, Sura — (jr. des Gimetiirea, Adipooire — g. de 
 Jamhe, Sura. 
 
 GRAS FONDURE (F.), Dmrrhoe'a adipo'sa, 
 literally, molten greupe. A species of diarrhoea, 
 referred to by old writers ; accompanied with great 
 emaciation, and in which the evacuations contain 
 fat-like matter. According to Sauvages, the Gras- 
 foiidiire differs from colliquative diarrhoea in not 
 being attended with hectic fever. 
 
 GRASS, Asparagus — g. Bear's, Yucca filamen- 
 tosa — g. Bermuda, Cynodon dactylon — g. Bitter, 
 Aletris farinosa — g. Blue-eyed, Sisyrinchium 
 Bermudianum — g. Brome, Bromus ciliatus — g. 
 Bronie. soft, Bromus ciliatus — g. Canary, culti- 
 vated, Phalaris Canariensis — g. Couch, Triticum 
 repens — g. Dog, Triticum repens — g. Egyptian 
 cock's foot, Gramen crucis cyperioides^g. Goat's, 
 Scorzonera — g. Knot, Polygonum aviculare — g. 
 Lily, Sisyrinchium Bermudianum. 
 
 GuASS Oil of Nemaur, Oleum graminis Indici. 
 
 Grass, Physic, Sisyrinchium Bermudianum — 
 g. Rib, Plantago lanceolata- — g. Scurvy, Sisyrin- 
 chium Bermudianum — g. Silk, Yucca filamentosa 
 — g. Sweet, Acorus Calamus. 
 
 Grass Tree, Xanthorrhoea. 
 
 Grass, Vipers', Scorzonera — g. Yellow-eyed, 
 Xyris bulbosa. 
 
 'GRASSET (F.). The anterior region of the 
 thigh, bounded below by the patella. 
 
 GRASSEYEMENT (F.), Sonns blmsus, Rota- 
 ds'mus, from (F.) gras, 'thick.' 'Speaking thick.' 
 According to Sauvages, a vicious pronunciation 
 of the letter r. They who speak thick, like the 
 inhabitants of Newcastle, in England, or of Havre, 
 in France, have difiSculty in pronouncing the r, 
 and they frequently substitute for it the letter I; 
 but this does not properly constitute Grasseye- 
 meiif. It consists in this : that, in words in 
 which the letter r is joined to another consonant, 
 a sort of burring or guttural rolling is heard, 
 nearly like that produced by gargling. See E,o- 
 toeisra. 
 
 GRASUS, Cinabra. 
 
 GRATELLE. Psoriasis. 
 
 GRATIA DEI, Gratiola officinalis. 
 
 GRATIOLA CENTAURIOiDES,G. officinalis. 
 
 Gratio'la Opficina'lis, Bigita'lis min'ima, 
 Gra'tia Dei, Gratiola CentaurioV des, Hedge hys- 
 sop, Herb of Grace, from gratia, 'grace or favour,' 
 owing to its presumed excellent medical virtues. 
 It is a native of the south of Europe (F.) 
 Gratiole, Sine des pres. Petite digifa/e, Herhc aa 
 pauvre Jiomme. The plant is inodorous; taste 
 Btrong, bitter, nauseous. It is possessed of an- 
 thelmintic, purgative, emetic, and diuretic pro- 
 perties. Dose, ten grains. 
 
 GRATIOLE, Gratiola officinalis. 
 
 GRATTERON, Galium aparine. 
 
 GRATTOIR, Raspatorium, 
 
 GRAVATIF, Heavy. 
 
 GRAVE, Serious — g. Plant, Datura sanguinea, 
 
 GRAVEDO, Catarrh, Coryza — g. Neonatorum, 
 Snuffles. 
 
 GRAVEL, Lith'ia rena'Us areno'sa, Lithi'asis 
 nephrit'iea seu rena'Us, (F.) Gravelle. A disease 
 occasioned by small concretions, similar to sand 
 or gravel, Gla'rea, (F.) Gravier, which form in 
 the kidneys, pass along the ureters to the blad- 
 der, and are expelled with the urine. These con- 
 cretions, which are commonly composed of uric 
 acid and an animal matter, are deposited at the 
 
 bottom of the vessel, immediately after the excre- 
 tion of the urine; and, by their hardness and 
 resistance under the finger, differ considerably 
 from the ordinary sediment of that liquid. A 
 vegetable diet and alkaline drinks are the best 
 prophylactics. See Calculi, urinary. A Jit of 
 the Gravel, Nephral'gia calculo'-sa seu areno'sa, 
 Co'lica nephrit'iea, is the excruciating suffering 
 induced by the passage of gravel from the kidney 
 to the bladder. It can only be relieved by anaes- 
 thetics, opiates, the warm bath, &c. 
 
 When the deposit is in fine particles, it is 
 termed Sand, Are'na, Are'nula, Psani'ma, Psam- 
 mus. 
 
 Gravel Grass, Galium verum. 
 
 Gravel, Pileous or Hairy, (F.) Gravelle jpi- 
 leuse. A species of gravel containing hairs, phos- 
 phate of lime, ammoniaeo-magnesian phosphate, 
 and a little uric acid. — Magendie. 
 
 Gravel Plant, Epigsea repens — g. Root, Eu- 
 patorium purpureum. 
 
 GRAVELEUX, Calculous. 
 
 GRAVELLE, Chalaza, Gravel — g. Pilense, 
 Gravel, pileous. 
 
 GRAVEOLENS, Fetid. 
 
 GRAVID, Pregnant. 
 
 GRAV'IDIN; from gravidus, 'pregnant,' 
 gravis, 'heavy.' A sediment in the urine of 
 pregnant women, which by its decomposi-tion 
 gives rise to the pellicle kyestein. It differs from 
 albumen, casein and gelatin. — Stark. 
 
 GRAVIDITAS, Fecundation, Pregnancy — g, 
 Abdominalis, Pregnancy, abdominal — g. Extra- 
 uterina, see Pregnancy — g. Extra-uterina in Ova- 
 rio, Pregnancy, ovarian — g. Extra-uterina Se- 
 cundaria, Metacyesis — g. Interstitialis, Preg- 
 nfiney, interstitial — g. Molaris, Mole — g. Ovarii, 
 Pregnancy, ovarian — g. Spuria, Pregnancy, false 
 — g. Tubaria, Pregnancy, tubal, Salpingo-cyesis 
 — g. Uteri substantia. Pregnancy, interstitial — g. 
 Uterina, Pregnancy. 
 
 GRA riER, Gravel. 
 
 GRAVIMETER, Areometer. 
 
 GRAVIS, Heavy. 
 
 GRAVITY, SPECIF'IC, Gravitas specif'ica, 
 (F.) Pesantexir specifique. The relation between 
 the weight of a body and its bulk: thus, sup- 
 posing four bodies to be of the same size, but to 
 weigh, one four, another three, another two, and 
 the fourth one; the specific gravity of the first 
 will be four times greater than that of the last. 
 The specific gravities of different bodies are, 
 therefore, as the weights, bulk for bulk. For 
 solids, and liquids, water is taken as the unit ; 
 atmospheric air for the gases. Thus, water is 
 1.000 ; mercury, at the common temperature, 
 13.58. AVhence, we conclude mercury is between 
 thirteen and fourteen times heavier than water. 
 
 GRAYHAIRED, see Poliosis. 
 
 GRAY MATTER OF THE BRAIN, Cortex 
 cerebri, see Neurine. 
 
 GREASE, from (F.) Graisse, 'fat.' A specific 
 inflammation, afi"ecting the skin of the heels of 
 the horse, which is especially interesting from 
 the circumstance, that the matter, if inserted 
 under the cuticle of an unprotectod individual, 
 may give rise to an affection — grease-pox, vari'- 
 ol(B equi'ncB — which preserves the person from 
 small-pox. [?] 
 
 Grease, Barrow's, Adeps suillus — g. Goose, 
 Adeps anserinus — g. Molten, Gras-fondiire. 
 
 Grease Pox, see Grease. 
 
 GREENHEART, see Bebeeru. 
 
 GREENHOW'S TINCTURE FOR THE 
 TEETH, Spiritus armoraci* compositus. 
 
 GREEN SICKNESS, Chlorosis. 
 
 GREENWEED, Genista tinctora. 
 
 GR£LE (F.), Grac"ilis, 'long and thin.' This 
 
GRELE 
 
 435 
 
 GRYPHIUS PES 
 
 epithet is given by the French to various parts, 
 as the 
 
 Apophyse Grele du Marteau, the slender apoph'- 
 ysis or proeesH of the mal'leus. A long process 
 situate at the anterior part of the neck of the 
 malleus, which passes out by the fissure of Gla- 
 serius. It is also called the Ajtophy'sis of Rau, 
 although it was already known to Fabricius ab 
 Aquapendente and to C^cilius FoUius. 
 
 GEELE, Chalaza — (j. Interne de la Cidsse, 
 Gracilis. 
 
 GREMIL OFFICINAL, Lithospermum offi- 
 cinale. 
 
 GREMIUM, Vulva. 
 
 GRENADE. Influenza. 
 
 GRENADIER, Punica granatum. 
 
 GRENADIN, see Punica granatum. 
 
 GR ENTERS, Vesiculse seuiinales. 
 
 GRENOUILLE, Rana esculenta. 
 
 GRENOUILLETTE, Ranula. 
 
 GREOULX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Sul- 
 phuretted springs in the department of Basses- 
 Alpes, France. 
 
 GRBSSURA, Perinaum. 
 
 GRESSUS, Walking. 
 
 GREVEURE, Hernia. 
 
 GRIELUM, Apium petroselinum, Smyrnium 
 olusatrum. 
 
 GRIFF, see Mulatto. 
 
 GRIFFO, see Mulatto. 
 
 GRINCEMENT DES BENTS, Brygmus. 
 
 GRINCOMES, Syphilis. 
 
 GRINDERS, Molar teeth— g. Asthma, see 
 Asthma, grinders' — g. Rot, Asthma, grinders'. 
 
 GRINDING MILL, see Pulverization. 
 
 GRIPE, CUTTING ON THE, see Lithotomy. 
 
 GRIPES, Tormina, Colic. 
 
 Gripes, Watery. A popular name for a dan- 
 gerous disease of infancy, common in England, 
 which does not differ essentially from the cholera 
 infantum of this country. 
 
 GRIPHOSIS, Onychogryphosis. 
 
 GRIPPE (F.). from gripper, ' to gripe,' 'catch 
 hold of.' A vulgar name for several catarrhal 
 diseases, which have reigned epidemically; as 
 the influenza. 
 
 GRIPPE, Pinched. 
 
 GRISOU, see Hydrogen, carburetted. 
 
 GRISTLE, Cartilage. 
 
 GRITS, Groats. 
 
 Grit Gruel, Water gmcl. This is made 
 as follows : — Take three ounces of grits ; wash 
 them well in cold icater, and, having poured off 
 the fluid, put them into four pints of fresh water, 
 and boil slowly until the water is reduced one- 
 half; then strain through a sieve. It is a good 
 demulcent, and is employed also as a vehicle for 
 clysters. 
 
 GROAN, see Suspirium. 
 
 GROATS, German Griitze; Grutiim, Ave'na 
 excortica'ta ; (F.) Gruau, Oatmeal, ( F<3?-7i;«A?Ve.) 
 Oats, hulled, but unground, [Lancashire.) Hulled 
 oats, half ground. Oats that have the hulls taken 
 off; Grits, (Prov.) Cutlins. When crushed, they 
 are termed Embden groats. In America, fine 
 hominy is called Grits, and wheat prepared in 
 the same way is likewise so designated. It is 
 also called vcheaten hominy. 
 
 Groats, Cracow, Semolina. 
 
 GROCERS' ITCH, see Eczema Impetiginodes, 
 PiSoriasis. 
 
 GROG-BLOSSOMS, Gutta rosea, 
 
 GROG-ROSES, Gutta rosea. 
 
 GROMWELL, Lithospermum officinale. 
 
 GROOVE, Fttrroio, Sulcus, (F.) Rainure. Ice- 
 landic, grafa, Sax. srapan, ' to dig.' A channel 
 or gutter in a bone or surgical instrument. See 
 Coulisse. 
 
 Groove, Prim'itive, Primitive streah or trace, 
 Nota primiti'va. A bright streak in the long 
 axis of the pellucid part of the area germinativa, 
 after it presents a central pellucid and a periphe- 
 ral opake part, and passes from the round to the 
 pear shape. 
 
 GROOVED. Same etymon. Sulca'tns, Stria'- 
 tus, Canalicula'tus, (F.) Cannele ou Canele ou 
 Canalicule ; Canaliculated. Having a small chan- 
 nel or gutter. 
 
 GROS, Drachm — g. Cov, Bronchocele. 
 
 GROSEILLES, Ribes rubrum — g. d 3Iaqne- 
 reaii, Ribes uva crispa. 
 
 GROSEILLER NOIR, Ribes nigrum — ^. 
 Rouge, Ribes rubrum. 
 
 G'ROSSE gorge. Bronchocele. 
 
 GROSSESSE, Pregnancy— ,g. Ahdominale, 
 Pregnancy, abdominal — g. Afoetule, Pregnancy, 
 afoetal — g. Blgeminale, Pregnancy, bigeminal — 
 g. Complexe, Pregnancy, complex — g. Composee, 
 Pregnane}', compound — g. Contre-nature, Preg- 
 nancy, extra-uterine — g. Fansse ou ajiparente. 
 Pregnancy, false — g. Fmtale, Pregnancy, foetal — 
 g. Gazo-hysterique, Pregnancy, gazo-hysteric — 
 g. Hemato-hysterique, Pregnancy, hemato-hyste- 
 ric — g. Hydro-ltysteriqne, Pregnancy, hj'dro-hys- 
 teric — g. Ltter-extra-itterine, Pregnancy, com- 
 plex — g. Ovarienne, Pregnancy, ovarial — g. Sar- 
 co-hysteriqiie, Pregnancy, sareo-hysteric — g. Sar- 
 cofatale, Pregnancy, sarcofoetal — g. Simple, Preg- 
 nancy, solitary — g. Solitnire, Pregnane}', solitary 
 — g. Trigeminale, Pregnancy, trigeminal — </. 
 Triple, Pregnancy, trigeminal — g. Tubaire, Preg- 
 nancy, tubal- — g. Utero-abdominale, Pregnancy, 
 utero-abdominal — g. Utero-ovarienne, Pregnancy, 
 utero-ovarian — g. Utero-tubaire, Pregnancy, ute- 
 ro-tubal. 
 
 GROSSULARIA, Ribes uva crispa — g. Nigra, 
 Ribes nigrum — g. Non spinosa, Ribes nigrum — g. 
 Rubra, Ribes rubrum. 
 
 GROTTO DEI SERPI (L) 'Grotto of ser- 
 pents.' A grotto near Braccano, in Italy, filled 
 with warm water, to which invalids, affected with 
 skin diseases, resort. 
 
 GROUILLEMENT D'ENTRAILLES, Bor- 
 borygmus. 
 
 GROUND BERRY, Gaultheria — g. Holly, 
 Gaultheria — g. Ivy, Gaultheria, Glechoma hede- 
 racea — g. Nut, Arachis hypogea, Pignut — g. 
 Pine, Teucrium chamaepitys — g. Pine, French, 
 Teucrium iva, 
 
 GROUNDIE SWALLOW, Senecio. 
 
 GROUNDSEL, Senecio — g. Tree, Baecharis 
 halimifolia. 
 
 GROUSEBERRY, Gaultheria. 
 
 GROWTH, from Dutch groyen, 'to grow,' 
 Tncremen'tum, Crescen'tia, Anaplo'sis, Anaptyx'is, 
 (F.) Groissance, Crite. The development of the 
 body; particularly in the direction of its height. 
 Also, any adventitious tissue ; thus, we speak of 
 a morbid growth or formation. See Development. 
 
 GROZET-EYED, Goggle-eyed. 
 
 GRUAU, Groats. 
 
 GRUB, Larve, see Ectozoa. 
 
 Grubs, Acne punctata. 
 
 GRUEL, GRIT, see Grits— g. Water, see Ave- 
 na, and Grits, 
 
 GRUFF, from Teutonic ge, and ruh, 'rough.* K, 
 In pharmacy, the coarse residue, which will noi*g 
 pass through the sieve in pulverization. 
 
 GRUME AU, Coagulum. 
 
 GRUMOUS, Grumo'sus, (F.) Grumele, Grume- 
 leiix, from gritmivs, ' a clot.' Clotted. 
 
 GRUMUS, Coagulum. 
 
 GRUTUM. 'Groats.' Grutnm, Mil'ium, Mil'- 
 him. A hard white tubercle of the skin, resem- 
 bling, in size aad appearance, a millet-seed, It 
 is confined to the face. See, also, Groats. 
 
 GRYPH'IUS PES. The Griffon's foot, (F.) 
 
GRYPHOSIS 
 
 436 
 
 GUMMI 
 
 Pled de Griffon, An instrument of which Am- 
 brose Pare speaks, which was used for extracting 
 moles from the uterus. 
 
 GRYPHOSIS, Onychogryphosis. 
 GRYPO'SIS, from ypuiroo), ' I incurvate.' In- 
 cw-va'tio. Curvature or crookedness in general. 
 Crookedness or incurvation of the nails. See 
 Onychoqryposis. 
 GRYPOTES, see Grypus. 
 
 GRYPUS. One who has a crooked or aquiline 
 nose. The condition is termed Gry'jwtes. 
 
 GUA'CO, Hua'co. The name of a plant, En- 
 pnto'rium Gnaco, decribed by Humboldt and 
 JBonpland under the name Mika'nia Guaco, Ord. 
 Corapositse, which grows in the valleys of Mada- 
 lena, Rio-Cauca, <fcc., in South America. The 
 negroes use the juice against the bites of poison- 
 ous reptiles ; — both in the way of prevention and 
 cure. It has been, of late, brought forward as a 
 remedy in cholera. 
 
 GUAIAC, see Guaiaeum. 
 
 GUAIACI LIGNUM, see Guaiaeum — g. Re- 
 sina, see Guaiaeum. 
 
 GUAIACINE, see Guaiaeum. 
 GUAI'ACUM, G. Officina'le sen Amer-ica'nnm, 
 Lignum vitm seu sanctum seu benedic'trmi seu 
 Ind'icum, Palas sanctus, Hac)i<jx'ylnw,(F.) Gayac, 
 Ga'iac. Ord. Zj'gophylleae. The resin — Guar'aci 
 Besi'na, Guai'ac, {¥.} Resine ou Gomme de Ga'iac 
 — and the wood — Guaiei lignum — are both used 
 in medicine. Their odour is slightly fragrant ; 
 taste warm and bitter, of the resin more so than 
 of the wood. The resin is concrete, brittle; 
 colour, externally, greenish; internally grayish. 
 Water dissolves about one-tenth; alcohol 95 
 parts. It is soluble, also, in liquor potasscB 15 parts, 
 liquor ammonicB 38 parts. The powder is whitish, 
 but changes green in the air. The base of the 
 guaiaeum is a peculiar resin, called Guaiacine. 
 
 Guaiaeum is stimulant a-nd diaphoretic ; and 
 in large doses, purgative. It is adaiinistered in 
 chronic rheumatism, gout, cutaneous diseases, 
 and the sequelae of sj'philis. Dose of resin, gr. 
 V to XX : — to purge, gr. xx to xl. 
 
 Gnnia'cum sanctum, and G. a)igusti/o'lium]ia,ve 
 the same virtues as 6^. officinale. 
 GUALTHERIA, Gaultheria. 
 GUANO, — according to Tschudi, properly 
 Huann, — is formed of the excrements of different 
 kinds of marine birds — mews, divers, sheerbreaks, 
 (tc, but especially of the Sula variega'ta. It is 
 found in enormous layers in the South American 
 islands of the Pacific, and is used as manure. 
 GUAR ANA, Paullinia. 
 GUARANHEM, Monesia. 
 GUARANIN,'see Coffea Arabica. 
 GUARAPO. A fermented liquor made, in 
 Peru, of sugar-cane pulp and water. It is a very 
 fovourite beverage of the negroes. — Tschudi. 
 GUARD (for a bed), Alhe. 
 GUARERBA ORBA, Momordica elaterium. 
 GUAVA APPLE, Psidium pomiferura. 
 GUAYAVA, Psidium pomiferum. 
 GUAZA, see Bangue. 
 
 GUBERNAC'ULUM DENTIS, (guhemacn- 
 luni, 'a rudder.') A cord, which passes from the 
 follicle of the permanent tooth along a small long 
 canal behind the alveolus of the milk tooth, and 
 becomes continuous with the gum. The guber- 
 naoulum has been supposed to direct the perma- 
 nent tooth outwards. The canal has been termed 
 Iter dentis. 
 
 Gdbernaculum Testis, Gnhemacnlum. testis, 
 Huntcri, G. ITunteri, Hunteri Ligamen'tum sus- 
 penso'rium Testis, (F.) Gouvernail du testicule. A 
 triangular, fibro-cellular cord : which, in the foetus, 
 arises from the ramus of the ischium and the skin 
 of the scrotum, and proceeds to the posterior part 
 of the testicle, before this organ issues from the 
 
 abdomen. It has been supposed to be a continu- 
 ation of the fascia superficialis with muscular 
 fibres from the internal oblique muscle, which 
 pass upwards to the testis when in the abdomen ; 
 and by their contraction draw the testis down, 
 and ultimately form the cremaster muscle. 
 GUEPE, Wasp. 
 GUERISON, Cure. 
 GUERISSABLE, Curable. 
 G^f7/,Viscum album — g.de CAe)?e,Viscum album. 
 GUIDER, Tendon. 
 
 GUILANDI'NA MORIN'GA, Hijperanthe' m 
 moringa. A plant, Ord. Leguminosae, which 
 affords the Ben nut, and the lignum nephrit'icrtm. 
 It is also called Morin'ga Oleif'era seu Zeylan'ica 
 seu Nux hen. Under the name Guilandiita mo- 
 ringa, Linnffius is said to have confounded Mo- 
 ringa pterygosperm' a and 3f. ap'tera. JJyperan- 
 the'ra moringa is a synonyme of the former 
 species. The nut Ben, Ben nux, Glans ungnenta' - 
 ria, DaVanus 3fyrep)'sica, San'dalum cmru'leum, 
 Oily Acorn or Ben nut, is a West India nut which 
 furnishes an oil, O'leum Balani'nvm, Oil of Ben, 
 that does not become rancid by age, and is hence 
 used by perfumers. It is purgative. 
 
 The wood of the Guilajidina is called Lignum 
 NepJirit'icum, and has been used in decoction, in 
 affections of the urinary organs. 
 
 GUILLOTINE, TONSIL, Amygdalatome. 
 GUILTY CUPS, Ranunculus acris. 
 GUhVAUVE, Althrea — </. Veloutee, Hibiscus 
 abelmoschus. 
 
 GULA, (Esophagus, Pharynx. 
 GUL.E IMBECILLITAS, Pharyngoplegia — 
 g. Principium, Pharynx. 
 GULLET, CEsophagns. 
 GULLION, Colic. 
 GULOSUS. Glutton. 
 GULSCHOCH, Icterus. 
 
 GUM, ACAROID, see Xanthorrhoea— g.Aniuie, 
 Anime — g. Arabic, Acacias gummi — g. Artificial, 
 Dextrin — g. Bassora, Bassora gum — g. Black- 
 boy, see Xanthorrhoea. 
 Gum Boil, Parulis. 
 
 Gum, British, Dextrin — g. Butea, see Butea 
 frondosa — g. Caranna, Caranna — g. Dragon, Tra- 
 gacantha — g. East India, see Feronia elepbantum 
 — g. Elastic, Caoutchouc. 
 
 Gum of the Eye, Chassie — g. Falling away of 
 the, Ulatrophia — g. Hemlock, see Pinus Cana- 
 densis — g. Indigenous, Gummi nostras — g. Ivy, 
 see Hedera helix — g. Juniper, Sandarac. 
 
 Gum-Lancet, Dentiscal'pium, Odontog'lyphon, 
 (F.) Bechaussoir. An instrument for separating 
 the gum from the cervix of the tooth, prior to 
 extraction. It is formed much like a fleam. The 
 operation itself is called Lancing the gums, Den'- 
 tium. scaiptu'ra, (F.) Declianssement. 
 
 Gum, Orenburg, see Pinus larix — g. Red, 
 Strophulus. 
 Gum Resin, Gummi resina. 
 Gum, Saxdarach, Sandarac — g. Sassa, Sassa 
 — g. Seneca, Acacise gummi — g. Senega, Acaciaa 
 gummi — g. Shrinking of the, Ulatrophia — g. 
 Sweet, Liquidambar styraciflua — g. Tragacanth, 
 Tragacanth. 
 
 Gum Tree, Brown, see Kino. 
 Gum, White, Liquidambar styraciflua, Stro.. 
 phulus — g. Yellow, Icterus infantum. 
 
 GUMMA, (F.) Gomme. An elastic tumour 
 formed in the periosteum occupying particularly 
 the cranium and sternum, and produced by the 
 syphilitic virus, when it has been long in the con- 
 stitution. It is so called, because, when ojiened, 
 it contains a matter like gum. 
 
 GUMMI, Commi, koujjh, (F.) Gomme. An im- 
 mediate principle of vegetables. It is a solid, 
 uncrystallizable, inodorous substance, of a mawk- 
 
GUMMIDODES 
 
 43' 
 
 GUTT.E ABBATIS, &c. 
 
 ish taste, unchangeable in the air, insoluble in 
 alcohol, but soluble in water, with which it forms 
 a mucilage. It is obtained from various species 
 of mimosa and pniuiis; and consequently there 
 are many varieties of gum. They are used in 
 medicines as demulcents, emollients, and relax- 
 ants, particularly in catarrh, intestinal irritations, 
 <fcc.; and in Pharmaci/, they are employed in the 
 formation of emulsions, pills, &c. 
 
 GujrMi Acacia Arabics, Acacias gummi — g. 
 Acanthinum, Acacias gummi — g. Acaroides, see 
 Xanthorrhcea — g. Adstringens Fothergilli, Kino 
 — g. Ammoniacum, Ammoniac — g. Anime, Aninie 
 — g. Arabicum, Acacia3 gummi — g. Astragali Tra- 
 gacanthaj, Tragacantha- — g. Bogia, Cambogia — 
 g. Brelisis, Caranna — g. Copallinum, Copal — g. 
 Elastieum, Caoutchouc — g. Euphorbias, see Eu- 
 phorbia officinarum — g. Gamandrse, Cambogia — 
 g. Gambiense, Kino — ■ g. de Goa, Cambogia — g. 
 Gutta, Cambogia — g; Ilederas, see Hedera helix 
 — g. de Jemu, Cambogia — g. Juniperi, Sandarac 
 — g. Laccaa, Laeca — g. Ladanum, see Cistus cre- 
 ticus — g. Lamac, Acacise gummi — g. Laricis, see 
 Pinus larix — g. Leucum, Acacise gummi. 
 
 GujfMi Nostras, (F.) Gomme du Pays ; Indig"- 
 enous Gum. These generic names are given to 
 several species of gum, which flow spontaneously 
 from certain indigenous fruit trees, — such as the 
 almond, cherry, peach, apricot, <&c. The indige- 
 nous gums have nearly the same properties as 
 gum Arabic : but they are inferior to it. 
 
 Gummi Orenburgensr, see Pinus larix — g. Pa- 
 naeis, see Pastinaca opoponas — g. ad Podagram, 
 Cambogia. 
 
 Gummi-Resi'na, Gum-resin. A milky juice, 
 obtained by making incisions into the branches, 
 stalks and roots of certain vegetables. Gum-re- 
 sins are compounds of resin, gum, often with es- 
 sential oil, and different other vegetable matters. 
 They are solid, opake, brittle, of a strong odour, 
 acrid taste, variable colour, and are heavier than 
 water. Water dissolves a part of them, and al- 
 cohol another; hence proof spirit is the proper 
 menstruum. The generality of the gum-resins 
 are powerful stimulants to the whole or to parts of 
 the economy. The chief are asn/oetida, gum am- 
 moitiac, euphorhium, galbanum, cnmboge, myrrh, 
 olibcmum, O2'>opunax, scatiimony, aloes, &,o. 
 
 Gummi Rubrum Adstringens Gambiense, Ki- 
 no, see Butea Frondosa — g. Seneca, Senegal gum 
 — g. Senega, Senegal, gum — g. Senegalense, Se- 
 negal, gum — g. Senica, Senegal, gum — g. Sera- 
 pionis, Acacise gummi — g. Thebaicum, Acacife 
 gummi- — g. Tragacantha, Tragacantha — g. Ura- 
 lense, see Pinus larix. 
 
 GUMMIDODES, Mucilaginous. 
 
 GUMMIODES, Mucilaginous. 
 
 GUMMOSUS, Mucilaginous. 
 
 GUMS, Gingivse. 
 
 GUN-COTTOiSr, see Collodion — g. c. Ethereal 
 solution of, Collodion. 
 
 GUN.IAH, see Bangue. 
 
 GUNNERA PERPEN'SA. A South Afri- 
 can plant, Nat. Ord. Urticaeese; the decoction of 
 which is taken as a domestic remedy by the farm- 
 ers, as a tonic in dyspepsia. A tincture has been 
 used in gravel. An infusion of the leaves is de- 
 mulcent, and is employed in pulmonary affections. 
 The leaves are applied fresh, to cure wounds and 
 ulcers. 
 
 GURGES, Pharynx. 
 
 GURGITELLO, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 A thermal spring in the isle of Ischia. Temp, at 
 its source, 176° Fah. It contains carbonic acid, 
 carbonates of lime, magnesia, iron and soda, sul- 
 phates of lime and soda, chloride of sodium and 
 silica. 
 
 GURGLING. 'Gushing with noise,' as water 
 from a bottle. (F.) Gargouillement, same etymon 
 
 as gargle. The rhonchus or rale heard on aus- 
 cultation when there is a cavity in the lungs con- 
 taining pus. It is the 'cavernous rattle or rhon- 
 chus,' Rale caverneux. The size of the bubbles 
 heard varies, and hence the rhonchus has been 
 called cavernous and cavern' ulous, (F.) lidle ca- 
 vernnleux. If the cavern be large, this rale will 
 nearly resemble the gurgling of a bottle {glovglon 
 d'une houteille :) if, on the contrary, the cavern 
 be small, it will not differ from the rale mu- 
 queux. 
 
 GURGULIO, Penis, Uvula. 
 
 GUSTATIF. {Nerf,) see Lingual Nerve, 
 
 GUSTATION, Degustation, Taste. 
 
 GUSTATORY NERVE, see Lingual Nerve. 
 
 GUSTUS, Taste— g. Depravatus, Parageustia. 
 
 GUT, Gout, Intestine— g. Blind, Ca;cum. 
 
 GUTS, SLIPPERINESS OF THE, Lientery. 
 
 GUTTA, Apoplexy, -Cambogia, Gout. 
 
 Gutta. A Drop, Stalog'ma, Alun'sel, Stilla 
 (F.) Goutte. A quantity of liquid, generally va- 
 lued, in pharmacy, at the weight of a grain. The 
 weight, however, varies according to different 
 circumstances, as the degree of tenacity of the 
 fluid, and the extent of moist surface to which the 
 suspended drop is attached before it falls ; and it 
 was found by Mr. Alsop to be influenced by the 
 size of the bottle, and the angle of inclination at 
 which it was held during the operation of drop- 
 ping. The following are some of his results as 
 to the number of drops required to measure a 
 fiuidrachm, when dropped from a large and a small 
 bottle. 
 
 From a large From a small 
 bottle. bottle, 
 (f^j) Diluted sulphuric acid. ...24 drops 84 drops 
 
 Scheele's hydrocyanic acid 35 70 
 
 Distilled water .31 64 
 
 Solution of ammonia 40 48 
 
 Tincture of opium 84 135 
 
 Rectified spirits 100 130 
 
 Tincture ofchlorideof ironlOO 150 
 
 Gutta Gamandr^e, Cambogia — g. Gamba, Cam- 
 bogia- — g. Opaca, Cataract. 
 
 Gutta Pkrcha, Gutta tnhan, Gomme gelta'nia. 
 The concrete juice of a tree — Tsonan'dra gutta— ^ 
 which is indigenous in Singapore and its vicinity, 
 and belongs to the Natural Order Sapotacese. 
 Plunged in boiling water it softens, when it may 
 be moulded like caoutchouc to any form, which 
 it retains on cooling. Splints and other instru- 
 ments have been made of it. 
 
 A solution of gutta jjereli am chloroform — TraU' 
 mat'ieine — has been used with advantage, topi' 
 cally, in various cutaneous affections, scrofulous 
 and indolent ulcers, and as an ectrotic in small- 
 pox. 
 
 Gutta Rosacea Syphilitica, Crown of Venus. 
 
 Gutta Ro'sea, G. Rosa'cea, lon'thns corymh'- 
 i/er, Crusta serpigino'sa sen pjrurtgino'sa. Acne 
 rosa'cea, Rose'ola acno'sa, Thylucii'tis, BaccMa, 
 Butiga, Car'huncled Face, Rosy Drop or Whelk, 
 Copper-nose, Bottle-nose, Grog-blossoms, Groq- 
 roses, Brandy-face, (F.) Couperose, Goutte Rose, 
 Bourgeons, Dartre pustuleuse couperose. An 
 eruption of small, suppurating tubercles, with 
 shining redness, and an irregular granular ap- 
 pearance of the skin of the part of the face which 
 is affected. The redness commonly appears first 
 at the end of the nose, and then spreads on both 
 sides. It is often produced by hard drinking. 
 Its cure must be attempted by regular regimen, 
 and cooling means internally : weak spirituous or 
 saturnine lotions externally. The affection is 
 usually very obstinate. 
 
 Gutta Serena, Amaurosis — g. Tuban, Gutta 
 percha. 
 
 GUTTJil ABBATIS ROUSSEAU, Laudanum 
 abbatis Rousseau — g. Ammoniaci, see A.mmoniac 
 
GUTTALIS CARTILAGO 
 
 438 
 
 GYTLING 
 
 gum — g. Acidae toniese. Elixir Acidum Halleri — 
 g. Nervinae, Alcohol sulfurico-sethereus ferri. 
 
 GutTjE NigR/E, Ace'liim o'pii, Common Black 
 Drop. (Opii §viij, aceti destillat. R)ij. Infuse.) 
 
 The celebrated Black Drop, Lan'caster or Qua- 
 ker'' s Black Drop may be made as follows. Take 
 half a pound of opium sliced ; three pints oi good 
 verjuice, (juice of the wild crab,) one and a half 
 ounce of nutmegs, and half an ounce of saffron. 
 Boil to a proper thickness, and add a quarter of a 
 pound of sugar, and two spoonfuls of yeast. Set 
 the whole in a warm place, near the fire, for six 
 or eight weeks; then place it in the open air un- 
 til it becomes a syrup. Lastly, decant, filter, and 
 bottle it up, adding a little sugar to each bottle. 
 One drop is equal to three of laudanum; and it 
 is nearly devoid of all the unpleasant exciting 
 effects of the latter. An_ analogous formula is 
 contained in the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
 States under the name Ace'tum opii, Vinegar of 
 Opium. 
 
 GUTTALIS CAKTILAGO, Arytenoid Carti- 
 lage. 
 
 GUTTEKIA, Bronchocele. 
 
 GUTTUR. The throat; the larynx; the 
 trachea. 
 
 GuTTUR Globostjm, Bronchocele — g. Tumidum, 
 Bronchocele. 
 
 GUT'TURAL, Guttura'lis, from guttur, 'the 
 throat.' Relating or belonging to the throat. 
 
 The Superior Thi/roideal Artery is sometimes 
 called GuUural Artery. 
 
 A Guttural Cough is one occasioned by irrita- 
 tion of the larj'nx or trachea. 
 
 A Guttural Sound is one produced, as it were, 
 in the throat. 
 
 GUTTURIS OS, Hyoides os. 
 
 GUTTURNIA, Arytenoid cartilages. 
 
 GYMNA, Genital Organs. 
 
 GYMNASION, Exercise. 
 
 GYMNA'SIUM, from yv/jivo;, 'naked.' PalcBs'. 
 tra. An establishment amongst the ancients, in- 
 tended for bodily exercises, as wrestling, running, 
 &e. ; a term now used, in Germany more espe- 
 cially, for an academy or higher school. 
 
 GYMNAST, Gymnas'tes, Gymnas'ta ; same 
 etymon. The manager of a gymnasium. One, 
 ■whose profession it is to prevent or cure diseases 
 by gymnastics. 
 
 GYMNASTICS, Gymnas'tica, 3Iedici'nn gym- 
 nas'tica seu euect'ica, Somaseet'ics, (P.) Gymnas- 
 tique, Somascetique. Same etymon. Th;i.t part 
 of hygienic medicine which treats of bodily exer- 
 cises. It is called 3fed'ical Gymnastics. The 
 ancients had also Athlet'ic Gymnastics, and Mil'- 
 itary Gymuastics. Herodicus, of Selivrtea, first 
 proposed gyraastics for the cure of disease. 
 
 GYMNASTIQUE, Gymnastics. 
 
 GYMNEU'RA LACTIF'ERUM, Ceylon cow- 
 tree, Kiriagkuma. A tree, of the Family Apocy- 
 naeeae, the juice of which is used by the Cinga- 
 lese as milk. 
 
 GYMNOC'LADUS CANADEN'SIS, Coffee 
 Tree, Kentucky Coffee-hean Tree, 31ahogany, 
 Nieknr Tree, Bondue. 0)-cZe;% LeguminosEe ; froin 
 yvixvoi, 'naked,' and kXo^o;, 'a branch.' An in- 
 digenous tree, which grows from Ohio to Louisi- 
 ana. The leaves are cathartic, and said to con- 
 tain cytisin. The seeds are a good substitute for 
 coffee. 
 
 GYMNOGRAMME CETERACH, Asplenium 
 cetera ch. 
 
 GYMNOPTERIS CETERACH, Asplenium 
 ceterach. 
 
 GYMN0SI3. Denudation. 
 
 GYNjE'CANER, ffova yvvn,yvvatKo;, 'a woman,' 
 and avT]^, 'a man.' Vir effcemina'tus. An effemi- 
 nate man. 
 
 GYN^CANTHE, Tamus communis. 
 
 GYN^ECATOP'TRON, from yvrr;, yvvaiKo;, 'a 
 woman,' and Karo-K-pov, ' a speculum.' A spccu- 
 culum for investigating the female organs of 
 generation. 
 
 GYN^CEA, Gynaseeia. 
 
 GYNiECEI'A, GyncRci' a, Gymrce'a, from yvvri, 
 yvvaiKOi, ' a woman.' The catamenia ; — the lochia. 
 The diseases of women in general. — Hippocrates, 
 Galen, Eoesius. 
 
 GYN^CEUM, Antimonium, Yulva. 
 
 GYN^^CE'US, from ywv, ywaiKos, ' a woman.' 
 Belonging to women. Pemale. Feminine. 
 
 GYN^CIA, Gynaeceia, Menses. 
 
 GYN^COLOG"IA, Gynecol'ogy, from yyvv, 
 yvvaiKOi, 'a woman,' and Aoyos, 'a description.' 
 The doctrine of the nature, diseases, &c. of 
 women. 
 
 GYNiECOMA'NIA, from yvvn), ywaiKoi, 'wo- 
 man,' and iiavia, 'mania,' 'rage.' That species 
 of insanity, which arises from love for women. 
 Some have used the word synonymously with 
 nymphomania. 
 
 GYNECOMAZIA, see Gyncecomastus. 
 
 GYNiECOMAS'TUS, Gynmcomas'thus, from 
 yvvri, yvvaiKos, 'woman,' and fiacTo^, 'a breast.' 
 A man whose breasts are as large as those of a 
 woman. — Galen, Ingrassias. The condition ia 
 called Gynecoma'zia. 
 
 A considerable enlargement of the breasts of a 
 female was formerly called GyncBcomas'ton. 
 
 GYNECOMYS'TAX, from yvvr,, yvraiKoi, 'wo- 
 man, and iivssral, 'the beard.' The hair on the 
 pubes of women. — Rolfink. 
 
 GYNECOPHO'NUS, from ywn, yi'vaivo?, 'wo- 
 man,' and (p^t>vt), 'voice.' A man who has an 
 effeminate voice. 
 
 GYNANDRIA, Hermaphrodeity. 
 
 GYNANDROP'SIS PENTAPHYL'LA, Cleo'- 
 ne pentaphyl'la. Ord. Capparidaceas ; an indi- 
 genous plant, is possessed of diaphoretic proper- 
 tics. The juice alone, or mixed with oil, has been 
 used in earnche. 
 
 GYNANDRUS, Gvnanthropus. 
 
 GYNANTHRO'PUS, Gyna>t'drus. An her- 
 maphrodite who belongs more to the male than 
 to the female sex. 
 
 GYNATRE'SIA, from yovr/, 'a woman,' and 
 arpriTos, ' imperforate.' Closure or imperforation 
 of the external parts of generation of the female. 
 
 GYNE, Female, Woman. 
 
 GYNECOLOGY, Gynieeologia. 
 
 GYNIDA, Hermaphrodite. 
 
 GYNOARIUM, Ovarium. 
 
 GYNOCARDIA ODORATA, Chaulmoogra. 
 
 GYNOPLAS'TIC, Gynoplas'ticus, from ywr,, 
 ' a woman,' and TrXao-ffo), ' I form.' The gynoplas- 
 tic operation is employed for opening or dilating 
 the closed or contracted genital openings of the 
 female. 
 
 GYPSY-WEED, Lycopus sinuatus, and L. Vir- 
 ginicus. 
 
 GYRI CEREBRI, Convolutions (cerebral,) — 
 g. Cochleae, Scalae of the Cochlea — g. Intesti- 
 nal es, see Ause. 
 
 GYROMIA VIRGINICA, Bledeola Virginica, 
 
 GYROPHLE, see Eu2:enia caryophyllata. 
 
 GYROPHORA, see T)v>e de Roche. 
 
 GYRUS, Convolution — g. Intestinalis, Anse 
 intestinale. 
 
 GYRUS FORNICA'TUS, 'Arched convolu- 
 tion.' Fillet of the corpus eallosum. A large con- 
 volution of the brain, which lies horizontallj' on 
 the corpus eallosum, and may be traced forwards 
 and backwards to the base of the brain, termi- 
 nating by each extremity at the fissure of Syl- 
 vius. The surface of the hemisphere, where it 
 comes in contact with the corpus eallosum, is 
 bounded bv it. 
 
 GYTLING, Infans. 
 
HABBERING 
 
 43 9 
 
 HiEMATANGlONOSUS 
 
 H. 
 
 HABBERING, Balbuties. 
 
 HAB-BL-KALIMBAT, Pistacia terebinthus. 
 
 IIABBI, Hagenia Abyssinica. 
 
 HABBLING, Balbuties. 
 
 HABE'NA. A Bridle, Tel'amon. A bandage 
 for uniting the lips of wounds; which, in many 
 instances, replaced the suture. — Galen. 
 
 HABENiE OF THE PINEAL GLAND, see 
 Pineal Gland. 
 
 HABENUL^ OF THE PINEAL GLAND, 
 see Pineal Gland. 
 
 HABIL'LA DE CARTHAGE'NA, Bejuio, 
 Carthage'na Bean, (F.) Feve de Carthnghie. A 
 kind of bean of South America, famed as an ef- 
 fectual antidote for the poison of all serpents, if a 
 small quantity be eaten immediately. 
 
 HABIT, Hahitu'do, from habere, habitum, ' to 
 have or to hold;' Assuetu'do, Mos, Usus, Consite- 
 tu'do, Ethof!, 's^iq, Hexis, Ethmos'yne, (F.) Habi- 
 tude, Aceoittumance. Habit is the aptitude for 
 repeating certain acts: — or, a facility, which re- 
 sults from the frequent repetition of the same act. 
 It is, according to vulgar e.xpression, 'a second 
 nature.' Habit may predispose to certain dis- 
 eases, or it may protect against them. It ought 
 not to be lost sight of, in attending to the pro- 
 gress of disease, or of its treatment. 
 
 Habit of Body, Constitu'tio, Hab'xUi«, H. Cor' - 
 'ports, Oatas'tasis, Hexis, Epiphani' a, (F.) Habi- 
 tude exterieure, Habitude du corp)s. The aggre- 
 gate of the physical qualities of the human bodj'. 
 
 HABITUDE, Habit — A. (Zm Corps, Habit of 
 body — h. Exterieure, Habit of body. 
 
 HABITUDO, Habit. 
 
 HABITUS, Habit of body — h. Apoplecticus, 
 Apoplectic habit — h. Corporis, Habit of body — h. 
 Quadratus, see Apoplectic — h. Torosus, see Apo- 
 plectic. 
 
 HABROMA'NIA, from 'aBpos, 'gay,' and navta, 
 'mania.' Insanity in which the delusions are of 
 a gay character. 
 
 HACHICH, see Bangue. 
 
 HACHISCH, Bangue. 
 
 HACKBERRY, Celtis occidentalis, Prunus 
 padus. 
 
 HADDOCK, see Oleum jecoris aselli. 
 
 H^MA, 'aiiia, 'aifnaTOi, ' blood.' 
 
 H^MACHROINE, Hsematine. 
 . H^MACHRO'SES, ( (G.) Hiimachrosen,) 
 irova hmma, and ;)^p(i)o-«r, 'coloration.' A family 
 of diseases in which the blood has its colour dif- 
 ferent from usual, as in purpura and cyanosis. — 
 Fuchs. 
 
 HuJlMACY'ANIN, from hcema, and Kvavoi, 
 'blue.' A blue colouring matter, detected by San- 
 son in healthy blood, and in bile by some che- 
 mists, but not by others. 
 
 H^MADON'OSUS, from hmma, and voaog, 'a 
 disease.' Hcematangion' osus, Hmmatangionii' siis, 
 Haintatangio'sis. Disease of the blood-vessels. 
 
 H^MADOSTO'SIS, from hcema, and oorwan, 
 ' a bony tumour.' Ossification of the blood-ves- 
 sels. 
 
 H^MADROMOMETER, Hsemodromometer. 
 
 H^MADYNAMETER, Heemadynamometer. 
 
 HiEMADYNAM'ICS, (F.) Hemadyuamiqne, 
 fronaheBma, and Swaing, 'power.' The mechanical 
 theory of the circulation of the blood. 
 
 H^MADYNAMO M'E TER, Hcemotodipm- 
 mom'eter, HcBmadtjitani' eter, HcBmom'eter, HcBma- 
 tom'eter, (F.) Hemadyvametre, Hemometre ; from 
 hcema, Swa/its, 'power,' and fit-rpov, 'a measure.' 
 An instrument for measuring ihe force of the 
 blood in the vessels. It consists of a bent glass 
 tube, the lower bent part of which is filled with 
 mercury. A brass head is fitted into the .nrtery, 
 and a solution of carbonate of soda is interposed 
 between the mercury and the blood, which is al- 
 lowed to enter the tube for the purpose of pre- 
 venting its coagulation. The pressure of the 
 blood on the mercury in the descending portion 
 of the bent tube causes the metal to rise in the 
 ascending portion; and the degree to which it 
 rises indicates the pressure under which the 
 blood moves. 
 
 H^MAGASTER, Haematogaster. 
 
 H^MAGASTRIC PESTILENCE, Fever, 
 yellow. 
 
 H^MAGOGUM, Psconia. 
 
 H^EiMAGO'GUS, from hcema, and ayi:^, 'I 
 drive off.' A medicine which promotes the men- 
 strual and hemorrhoidal discharges. 
 
 HjEMAL, from /icEHia. Pi,elating to the blood 
 or blood-vessels. 
 
 H^irAL Arch. The arch formed by the pro- 
 jections anteriorly of the ribs and sternum from 
 the bodies of the vertebrae. It encloses the great 
 blood-vessels. — Owen. 
 
 H^MAL Axis, Aorta — h. Spine, Sternum. 
 
 H^EMALOPIA, Hemophthalmia, Hajmalopis. 
 
 HiEMALOPIS, HjEmophthalmia. 
 
 H^MALOPS, Hasmophthalmia. 
 
 H^MAN'THUS COCCIN'EUS. A beautiful 
 South African plant, Nat. Ord. Amaryllidea;, the 
 bulb of which is employed as a diuretic. It is 
 given as an oxymel in asthma and dropsy. The 
 fresh leaves are antiseptic, and applied to foul, 
 flabby ulcers, and in anthrax. 
 
 HiEMAPERITONIRRHAG"IA, (F.) Hema- 
 peritonirrhagie ; from hcema, nepiTovaiav, 'peri- 
 toneum,' and poyv, 'a violent rupture.' An ex- 
 halation of blood into the peritoneum. 
 
 H^MAPH^'IN, Hcematophai'mn, Hcemophce'- 
 um, from hcema, and <patog, 'of a dusky colour.' 
 A term applied by Simon to the brown colouring 
 matter of the blood, supposed by some to be no- 
 thing more than htematin modified by an alkali. 
 
 HiEMAPH'OBUS, Haemoph'obus, from hcpma, 
 and (pofioi, ' dread.' One who has a dread of 
 blood : — who cannot look at it without fainting. 
 
 H^MAPOPHYSES, Costal cartilages, see 
 Costa. 
 
 'iiMTAAYOV^'lA,HcBmatapor'ia,HcBmatopor'in, 
 Oligohce'mia, Oligce'mia, from hcema, and airopos, 
 'poor.' Paucity of blood. See Anaemia. 
 
 H^MAPTYSIS, Hsemoptysis. 
 
 HJ5MAS, 'aifja;, gen. 'aiiiaios. A blood-vessel 
 
 H^MASTATICA, HaBmatostatica. 
 
 H^MASTAT'ICS, Hcemastafice, from hcema, 
 and araTiKT}, 'statics.' The statics of the blood 
 and blood-vessels ; Hemastat'ics. 
 
 H^MATANAGOGE, Hajmatemesis. 
 
 H ^ M A T A L'L S COPY, Hcematalloscojj'ia, 
 from hcema, aWoiog, 'dift'erent,' and okotcuv, 'to 
 view.' The mode of distinguishing difiorent kind« 
 of blood from each other. — Toddei. 
 
 H^MATANGIONOSUS, HcPmadonosus 
 
H^EMATANGIOSIS 
 
 440 
 
 H.EMATODES 
 
 H^MATANGIOSIS, Hsemadonosus. 
 H^MATAPORIA, Hasmaporia. 
 HiEMATAPORRHOSIS, Cholera. 
 H^MATAPOSTE'MA, from Kama, and aTroa- 
 Trijia, 'an abscess.' An abscess -which contains 
 blood. 
 
 HiEMATAULICA, Vascular system. 
 HiEMATEC'LYSIS, Hcemotex'ia, Hcr.motex'is, 
 HcBViatol'ysie, HcBmatoseji'sis, San'guinis dissohi'- 
 tio ; from hcema, and tK^vai;, 'loosening.' Disso- 
 lution of the blood. 
 
 H^.MATEL^UM, see Blood. 
 H^MATEM'ESIS, from hcema, and e^eu, 'I 
 vomit.' Hcemorrha'gra Hcemaiem'esis, Vom'itus 
 cruen'tus, Vom'itus stn Vomit" io San'guinis, Gas- 
 trorrhag"ia, Gastro-hcBmorrhag" ia, H mmorrhag" - 
 ia veiitric'uli, Hcemorrhoe' a ventric'uli, Hcemata- 
 nago'ge. Vomiting of Blood, (F.) Hematemese, Vo- 
 missement de sang. Hagmatemesis is generally 
 preceded by a feeling of oppression, weight, and 
 dull or pungent pain in the epigastric and in the 
 hypochondriac regions; by anxiety, and, occa- 
 sionally, by syncope. Blood is then passed by 
 vomiting, and sometimes, also, by stool, — the blood 
 being generally of a grumous aspect. Htemate- 
 mesis may be active or passive, acute or chronic. 
 The blood effused proceeds from rupture of vessel, 
 or from a sanguineous exhalation at the sur- 
 face of the mucous membrane of the stomach. 
 It is often observed in females whose menstrual 
 secretion is irregularly performed. It is not of 
 much danger, except when connected with dis- 
 ease of some of the solid viscera of the abdomen. 
 On dissection of those who have died from pro- 
 tracted hasmatemesis, — for the acute kind is com- 
 paratively devoid of danger, — the mucous mem- 
 brane of the stomach is found red and inflamed, 
 or black, and the vessels considerably dilated. 
 Complete abstinence from food; rest; the hori- 
 zontal posture; bleeding, if the hemorrhage be 
 active ; cold, acidulous drinks, &,c, constitute the 
 usual treatment. 
 
 HiEMATENCEPHALUM, Apoplexy. 
 HiEMATEPAGOGE, Congestion. 
 H^MATERA, Hepatirrhoea. 
 H^MATERUS, Sanguine. 
 H^MATERYTHRUM, Hasmatin. 
 HiEMATEXOSTOSIS, Osteosarcoma. 
 HiEMATHIDROSIS, Sudor cruentus. 
 H^EMATHORAX, Htematothoras. 
 HEMATIC, Sanguine — h. Crystals, Hasma- 
 toidin. 
 
 HiEMATIASIS, Hjematonosus. 
 . H^MAT'ICA, from haima. Diseases of the 
 sanguineous function: — the third class in the 
 nosology of Good. Also, medicines that act on 
 the blood. — Pereira. 
 
 Hjematica Doctrina, Ilsematology. 
 H^MATICUS, Sanguine. 
 H^MATIDROSIS, Sudor cruentus. 
 HjE'MATIN, Hcemati'na, Hem' aline, Ha'ma- 
 tosin, Hem'atosine, Hmmater'ythrum, Hmmer'y- 
 thnim, Zooliem'atin, Hemachro'in, Hematocro' ine, 
 Gli'adine, Phoe'nodine, Phoe'nicine, Hmmato- 
 chro'ite, Cru'orin, Rnhrin, Gloh' ulin of some ; 
 Rovge du Sang ; from hama. The red colouring 
 matter of the blood. It resides in distinct parti- 
 cles or globules, and, in the opinion of some ob- 
 servers, in the envelope of the globules. It ap- 
 pears to be of a peculiar character, and one that 
 has not yet been determined by the chemist. 
 That the colour of the blood is not owing to the 
 peroxide of iron which it contains is shown by 
 the fact mentioned by Scherer, that he removed 
 the iron by acids, and yet a deep red tincture was 
 formed when alcohol was added to the residuum. 
 
 H^MATIX'IC, HcBmatin'icus : from hcEmatin, 
 ' the red colouring matter of the blood.' An agent 
 that augments the number of red corpuscles of the 
 blood. — Pereira. 
 
 H^MATINIC CRYSTALS, Haematoidin, 
 
 H^MATIKUS, Sanguine. 
 
 II^MATIS'CHESIS, IIcBmis'chesis, Hamo- 
 cryph'ia, from ha-ma, and lax^i-v, ' to suppress.' 
 The retention or suppression of a natural or arti- 
 ficial flow of blood. 
 
 H^MATISMUS, Epistaxis, Haemorrhagia. 
 
 H^MATISTH'MUS, from hama, and ladixus, 
 'pharynx.' Hemorrhage into the pharynx. 
 
 H^MATrTES,i/(PM(ah''</.?, from 'aijia, 'blood,' 
 Resembling blood. Lapis Ilcemati'ies. A beau- 
 tiful ore of iron, called also, Bloodstone, O'chrea 
 rubra, Ox'ydum fer'rieum crystalliza'tum nati'- 
 iium, Ferrum Hamatites. When finely levigated, 
 and freed from the grosser parts, by frequent 
 washings with water, it has been long recom- 
 mended in hemorrhage, fluxes, uterine obstruc- 
 tions, &c., in doses of from one scruple to three or 
 four. Also, a vessel that contains blood, 'aifian- 
 
 H^MATMUS, Gaz sanguinis. 
 
 H^MATOCATHAR'TICA, from hcuma, and 
 Kadapat;, ' purification or purgation.' Remedies 
 for purif3ang the blood. 
 
 H^MATOCE'LE, from 'ai^a, 'aiyuaros, 'blood,' 
 and Kn^rj, 'tumour.' A tumour formed by blood. 
 By some, this term has been applied to a tumour 
 formed by blood, effused into the areolar texture 
 of the scrotum. Others have used it for tumours 
 arising from effusion of blood into the tunica va- 
 ginalis: — haematocele, according to them, differ- 
 ing from hydrocele, only in the character of the 
 efiusion. — Heister. Others, again, have applied 
 it to effusions of blood into the interior of the 
 tunica albuginea itself. — Richter. The first is 
 the usual acceptation. It is most commonly 
 caused by wounds or contusions ; and requires 
 the use of antiphlogisties, discutients, &c. Some- 
 times it is necessary to evacuate the effused blood. 
 
 HiEiiATOCELE Arteriosa, Aneurism. 
 
 H^MATOCEPH'ALUS, (F.) Hematoeephale. 
 A monster in which an effusion of blood on the 
 brain has given occasion to more or less singular 
 deformities. 
 
 H^MATO-CEREBRIFORM DISEASE, En- 
 cephaloid. 
 
 H^MATOCHE'ZIA, from ^ffima,and j(;£^u, 'I 
 go to stool.' Sedes cruen'tcB, Catarrhex'is vera, 
 Enterorrhag"ia simplex, Diarrhoe'a crnenta seu 
 sanguinolen'ta,H(B'mato-diarrhoe'a, HcBmorvhag"- 
 ia intestino'rum, En'tero-licBmorrhag"ia, (F.) He- 
 morrhagie des intestins, B'coul-ement de sang par 
 I'lutestin. Discharrge of blood by stool. See 
 
 H^MATOCHROITE, Hamatin. 
 
 HiEMATOCHYSIS, Haemorrhagia. 
 
 H^MATOCCE'LIA, from liama, and KoiAia, 
 'the cavity of the abdomen.' Effusion of blood 
 into the abdomen. 
 
 H^MATOCOL'PUS, from JicBma, and /coAtto;, 
 'vagina.' Effusion of blood into the vagina. 
 Accumulation of blood, owing to occlusion of the 
 vagina. 
 
 HiEMATOCRYSTALLIN, Hsematoidin. 
 
 H^MATOCYANOPATHIA, Cyanopathy. 
 
 H^MATOCYANOSIS, Cyanopathy. 
 
 HiEMATOCYSTE, Hsematoma saccatum. 
 
 H^MATOCYST'IS, from Jiama, and kvoti;, 
 'bladder.' Hemorrhage into the bladder. , 
 
 H^MATO'DES, HamatoVdes, Sanguin'eua, 
 Hm'matoid, Hem'atoid, from licBma, and tt^oj, 
 ' appearance.' That which contains blood, or has 
 the character of blood. 
 
H^MATODIARRHCEA 
 
 441 
 
 H^MATORRH(EA 
 
 Hj5MATodes Fungus, Hcematomi/'ces, Fungus 
 caitero'sus hcBmato'des, Melm'nafungo'sa carcino - 
 des, Angidiospon' gua, Angiomy'ces, HcBmatonpon - 
 gus, Tumor fango'sus sanguiu'eus seu anom'alus, 
 Carcino'ma HcBmato' des, Carcino'ma Spoiigw - 
 sum, Spon'goid -inflammation. Pulpy or Iled'ul- 
 lat-y Sarco'ma, Bleeding Fungus, Soft Cancer, (F.) 
 Carcinomesanglant, Hematonciefongoide. An ex- 
 tremely alarming carcinomatous affection, which 
 was first described, with accurac}', by Mr. John 
 Burns, of Glasgow. It consists in the develop- 
 ment of cancerous tumours, in which the inflam- 
 mation is accompanied with violent heat and pain, 
 and with fungus and bleeding excrescences. Even 
 when the diseased part is extirpated at a very 
 early period, recovery rarely follows ; other or- 
 gans being generally implicated at the same time. 
 Fungus hfematodes was the term first applied to 
 the disease by Mr. Hey of Leeds. Mr. J. Burns 
 called it Spongoid inflammation, from the spongy, 
 elastic feel, which peculiarly characterizes it, and 
 continues even after ulceration has taken place. 
 The disease has, most frequently, been met with 
 in the eyeball, the upper and lower extremities, 
 testicle and mamma; but it occurs in the uterus, 
 ovary, liver, spleen, brain, lungs, thyroid gland, 
 and in the hip and shoulder-joint. 
 
 Some French surgeons designate, by this name, 
 those tumours which were formerly termed anor- 
 males, caverneuses, variqueuses, called Erectiles 
 by Dupuytren, Hematoncies, by Alibert, and Te- 
 langiectasia by Grafe. 
 
 H^MATODIARRHCEA, Hajmatochezia. 
 
 H^MATODYNAMOMETER, H»madynamo- 
 meter. 
 
 H^MATOGASTER, from Jimma, and yaarnp, 
 'stomach.' Effusion of blood into the stomach. 
 
 H^MATOGEXETICA, Hsematopoetica. 
 
 H/EMATOGLOBULIN, see Globules of the 
 blood. 
 
 H^^MATOGRA'PHrA, HcBmatog'raphy, from 
 hmma, and yoa<pri, 'a. description.' A description 
 of the blood. 
 
 H^MATOID, Hsematodes. 
 
 U^MATOID'IN, Bsmafocrys'tallin, Hmma- 
 tin'ic, hmmatic, hcsmin or blood crystals, (F.) 
 Hemato'idine, Crystaux d'Hematine. A substance 
 found in the midst, or in the vicinity, of effusions 
 of blood, which is either in amorphous masses, 
 or, more frequently, in minute rhomboidal crys- 
 tals, or in fine needles. It is considered to be 
 hematosin separated from the globules of the 
 blood, and passed from the state of a non-crystal- 
 lizable organic substance to one of a crystalline 
 chemical compound. 
 
 HMMATOL'OGY, Hemaforogy,HcBmatolog"ia, 
 HcBmat' iea doctri'na, (F.)neniatologie, from hcBma, 
 and Aoyuc, 'a discourse.' That part of medicine 
 which treats of the blood. 
 
 HEMATOLOGY, Patholog"ical, (F.) Hematolo- 
 gic pathologique. Observation of the blood to 
 detect its varying characters in disease. 
 
 HJEMATOL'YSES, (G.) Hamatolysen, 
 from hmma, and Auo-if, 'solution.' An order of 
 diseases in which there is diminished coagulabi- 
 lity of the blood. — Fuchs. 
 
 H^MATOLYSIS, Hfemateclysis. 
 
 H^MATOLYTICUM, Spanjemie. 
 
 HiEMATO'MA, Thrombus, Tumor sanguin'eus. 
 A bloody tumour, especially of the scalp of the 
 new-born. 
 
 Hjemato'jia Sacca'tum. An encysted tumour 
 containing blood — Hoematocys'te. 
 
 H^MATOMAN'TI'A, from hama, and jxavrua, 
 'divination.' Judgment of disease from the ap- 
 pearance of the blood. 
 
 H^MATOMATRA, Metrorrhagia. 
 
 HiEMATOMETACHYSIS, Transfusio san- 
 guinis. 
 
 H^MATOMETRA, Metrorrhagia. 
 H^MATOMMA, Hsemophthalmia. 
 H^MATOMPHALOCE'LE, Hcemafom'pha- 
 lum, HcBmatompha' Ins, from hcema, oyL({,a\oi, 'the 
 navel,' and kjjA??, 'a tumour.' Umbilical hernia, 
 the sac of which encloses a bloody serum, or 
 which has, at its surface, a number of varicose 
 veins; constituting Varicom'phalus. 
 
 H^MATOMPHALUM, Hasmatomphalocele. 
 HjEMATOMYCES, Ha3matodes fungus. 
 H.a;MATON'CUS, {'F.)Hematoncie, fromhcema, 
 and oyKos, 'a tumour.' Alibert has given this 
 name to Navi mater'ni. Varicose tnnwurs. He 
 admits three varieties : — the H. fongo'ide, H. 
 framboisee, and H. tubereuse. 
 
 HiEMATON'OSUS, Hatmati'asis, Hcematopa- 
 thi'a, Hamopathi' a, from hmma, and voaos, 'dis- 
 ease.' A disease of the blood. A hminie or 
 blood-disease, 
 
 H^MATOPATHIA, Hsematonosus. 
 H^MATOPEDESIS, see Diapedesis. 
 H^MATOPERICA R'D I U M, from hcema, 
 and TT£piKai>Siov, 'pericardium.' Effusion of blood 
 into the pericardium. 
 
 H^MATOPH^UM, Hsemaphffiin. 
 
 H^MATOPHIL'IA, Easmophil'ia, Hmmorrho- 
 phil'ia,Idiosyncra'sia h(Bmorrhag"ica, from hmma, 
 and (pt'Xcij, 'I love.' A hemorrhagic diathesis. 
 
 H^MATOPHLEBES'TASIS. Sudden sup- 
 pression of a hemorrhage; — from aracts 'aijiaro^ 
 0A£i3a)v, 'suppression of the blood of the veins.' — 
 Galen. 
 
 H^MATOPHOB'IA, Hmmophob'ia, from hm- 
 ma, and (;f)oj3o?, 'dread.' Dread or horror at the 
 sight of blood, producing syncope, &o. 
 
 H^MATOPHTHALMIA, Hajmophthalmia. 
 
 H^MATOPH'THORES, (G.) Hiimatoph- 
 thoren; from hmma, and ipdopa, 'corruption.' 
 An order of diseases in the classification of Fuchs, 
 in which the blood is materially altered in com- 
 position, as in typhus. 
 
 H^MATOP'ISIS, (F.) Hematopisie. M. Ca- 
 puron, of Paris, has applied the term Hematopisie 
 uterine, from analogy with Hydrnpisie ziterine, to 
 a collection of blood which sometimes takes place 
 in the uterus, when, owing to faulty conforma- 
 tion, the exit of the menstrual flux is prevented. 
 
 H^MATOPLA'NIA, Hmmatoplane'ais, from 
 hmma, and -nXavri, 'wandering.' A vicarious he- 
 morrhage. 
 
 Hematoplania Menstrualis, Menstruation, 
 vicarious. 
 
 H^MATOPLASMA, Liquor sanguinis. 
 
 H^MATOPLETHORA, Plethora. 
 
 HiEMATOPCEA, Hsematopoetica. 
 
 H^MATOPOESIS, Hsematosis. 
 
 H^MATOPOET'ICA, Hmmatopce'a, Hmmato- 
 genet'iea, 'bloodmakers,' from hmma, and ttouui, 
 'I make.' Agents that favour hsematosis. Iron 
 was called by the ancients metal'lum hamatopoet' - 
 icum. 
 
 H^MATOPOIESIS, Haematosis. 
 
 H^MATOPORIA, Hffimaporia. 
 
 HiEMATOPS, Hajmophthalmia. 
 
 H^MATOPSIA, Hsemophthalmia. 
 
 HiEMATOPTYSIA, Haemoptysis. 
 
 H^MATOPTYSIS, Haemoptysis. 
 
 HxEMATORRHACHIS, Apoplexia myelitic^. 
 
 H^MATORRHAGIA, Hiemorrhagia. 
 
 HuEMATORRHCEA, H^morrhagia. 
 
H^EMATORRHOSIS 
 
 44; 
 
 HJ3M0METRECTASIA 
 
 HiSMATORRIIOSIS, Cholera. 
 
 H^MATORRHYSIS, Hsemorrhagia. 
 
 H^MAT0SCHE0CE'LE,iycBwoscAeoce7e,5dB- 
 matos'cheuin, from hcenia, o(t;)^£ov, 'scrotum,' and 
 KtjXri, 'rupture.' Effusion of blood into the scro- 
 tum. 
 
 H^MATOSCHEUM, Hsematoscheoeele. 
 
 H^MATOSCOP'IA, Hmmoscop'ia, (F.) Hemor- 
 rhoscopie, from hcBma, and cKotnui, ' I view.' An 
 examination of blood drawn. 
 
 HiEMATOSEPSIS, HEemateclysis. 
 
 HiEMATOSIN, Hsematin, 
 
 H^MATO'SIS, Excsmato'sia, EnTicBmato'sia, 
 HcBmatopoie' si&, Hamatopoe' sis, Procrea'tio san- 
 guinis, Decarhoniza' tion or Atmospheriza' tion of 
 the blood, Sanguijica'tion ; from hcBina. The 
 transformation of the venous blood and chyle 
 into arterial blood by respiration. Called, also, 
 Aeration, and Arterializa'tion, of the blood. For- 
 mation of blood in general. 
 
 H^MATOSPILIA, Purpura hsmorrhagiea. 
 
 H^MATOSPONGUS, Heematodes fungus. 
 
 H^MATOSTAT'ICA, from hmma, and araTiKti, 
 'statics.' IschcB'mia, Hcemastat'ica, JJcBiiiatostat'- 
 ics, JJcBtnostat'ics, Hematostat'icH, Hemostat'ics, 
 Enm'ma, (F.) Hematostatiques, Hemastatiques, 
 Hhnostatiqnes. The doctrine of the motion of 
 the blood in living bodies. Also, remedies for 
 stopping blood. Styptics. 
 
 HiEMATOS'TEON, from hmmn, and octzov, 'a 
 bone.' Effusion of blood into the bones or joints. 
 
 H^MATOSYMPHORESIS, Congestion. 
 
 HiEMATOSYNAGOGE, Congestion. 
 
 HiEMATOTELANGIOSIS, Telangiectasia. 
 
 H^MATOTHO'RAX, Emmatho' rax, Hcemo- 
 iho'rax, IfcBmop'tysis inter'na, Pleurorrhce' a san- 
 guin' ea jPleuro rrhag" ia ,P nenmorrhag" ia inter'na, 
 IIemorrhay"io Pleu'risy, Pleural hem'orrhage, 
 from hcsma, and Biopa^, 'the chest.' Extravasa- 
 tion of blood into the chest. 
 
 HiEMATOXYLON, II. Campechianum. 
 
 H^MATOX'YLON CAMPECHIA'NUM, 
 from hcsma, and ^v\ov, ' wood.' Aca'cia Zeylon'ica, 
 Logivood. The part of the tree used in medicine 
 is the wood, Hcematox'yli Lignum, Lignum Cam- 
 pechen'se sen Campechia'num seu Campesea'num 
 seu Ln'dictim seu Sappan seu Brasilia'num ru- 
 briim seu caru'leiim, Hmmatox' ylon (Ph. U. S.), 
 (F.) Bois de Campeche. Family, Leguminoste. 
 Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia. Logwood is 
 almost inodorous; of a sweetish, subastringent 
 taste; and deep red colour. Its virtues are ex- 
 tracted both by water and alcohol. It is astrin- 
 gent and tonic, and is used in the protracted 
 stage of diarrhoea and dysentery. 
 
 H^MATOZO'A, (F.) Hematozoaires, from 
 hcsma, and ^oiov, 'animal.' Entozoain the blood. 
 
 H^MATURESIS, Hfematuria. 
 
 H^MATU'RIA, Hcsmature'sis, from hcsma, 
 and ovpew, 'I make urine.' Voiding of blood by 
 urine. HcBmorrhag'''ia hcsmatu'ria, H. ex viis 
 urina'riis, Hcsmure'sis, Hcsmu'ria, Ulictio Cruen'ta 
 seu Sanguin'ea, llictus Cruen'tus seu Sanguineus, 
 HcsmorrhcB'a via'rum urinaria'rum. Sanguis in 
 Uri'na, Bloody urine, (F.) Pissement de Sang, 
 Hematurie. Hemorrhage from the mucous mem- 
 brane of the urinary passages. Like other he- 
 morrhages, it may be active or passive. It may 
 proceed from the kidneys, Nephr(Bmorrhag"ia, 
 bladder, or urethra. The essential symptoms 
 are: — blood, evacuated by the urethra; preceded 
 by pain in the region of the bladder or kidneys, 
 and accompanied by faintness. Whenccsoever 
 it proceeds, hsematuria usually takes place by 
 exhalation. Rupture of vessels is by no means 
 
 common in the mucous membranes. Active hce- 
 maturia requires general or local blood-letting! 
 diluent and cooling drinks; absolute rest; and 
 the horizontal posture. The chronic kind is 
 more troublesome. It requires acidulated or 
 aluminous drinks; ehalybeates and tonics in 
 general. AVhen hsematuria is excessive, cold 
 injections may be thrown into the rectum or into 
 the vagina of women, and topical applications be 
 made to the perinajum. 
 
 HEMATURIA Cystica, Cystorrhagia — h. Ejacu- 
 latoria, Spermatocystidorrhagia — h. Seminalis, 
 Spermatocystidorrhagia — h. Stillatitia, Urethror- 
 rbagia. 
 
 H^MATUS, from hmma, and ovs, gen. utoj, 
 'the ear.' Effusion of blood into the ear. 
 
 II^MAXIS, Blood-letting. 
 
 H^MENCEPHALUS, Apoplexy. 
 
 HiEMENDOCAR'DIUM, (F.) Hemendoearde, 
 from hcsma, and ' endocardixim,' the lining mem- 
 brane of the heart. Inflammation of the lining 
 membrane of the heart. 
 
 H^MERYTHRUM, Haematin. 
 
 HMMIG, Hcs'micus, from hcsma, 'blood.' Re- 
 lating or appertaining to blood; as a "hsemie 
 disease," — a blood disease. 
 
 H^MIDROSIS, see Diapedesis. 
 
 H^xMIN CRYSTALS, see Hsematoidin. 
 
 H^MISCHESIS, Hffimatischesis. 
 
 HJdlMI'TIS, from 'aij^a, 'blood,' and itis, a 
 suffix denoting inflammation. Inflammation of 
 the blood. (F.) Hemite. The alteration of the 
 blood that occurs in inflammatory diseases. — 
 Piorry. 
 
 H^MO-ARTHRITIS, Rheumatism (acute). 
 
 H^MOCARDIORRHAG"IA, ifemocar'dn.ni, 
 Apoplex'ia cordis. Apoplexy of the heart, (F.) 
 Hemorrhagic ou Apoplccie du Coeur, Hemocarde, 
 from hcBma, Kapiia, 'the heart,' and 'prjyvvm, 'I 
 break forth.' Eti'usion of blood into the substance 
 of the heart. 
 
 H^EMOCARDIUM, Hsemoeardiorrhagia. 
 
 H^MOCERCH'NOS. This term has received 
 two acceptations, owing to the different senses 
 in which Ks.p;^,'"'^ 's employed; signifying, some- 
 times, hissing; at Others, dry. Consequently, 
 the Hellenists have translated the compound 
 word, at times, by spitting of blood, with hisBing 
 in the throat; at others, by evacuation of dry 
 matters. ' 
 
 H^MOCRY'PHIA, Hsematischesis. 
 
 H^MODES, Sanguine. 
 
 H^MO'DIA, HcBmodias'mns, Hemo'dia, He- 
 betu'do seu Stupor Den'tium, from 'atiiuSeo), ('aifia, 
 'blood,' and oiovs, 'tooth,') 'I have pain in the 
 teeth.' Pain in the teeth, and more especially 
 Agacement, or the setting on edge of those bodies 
 by acid or acerb substances. It is also called 
 Odon'tia Stiqw'ris, OdontaV'gia hcsmo' dia , Dulor 
 den'tium d strido're, Cataplex'is, Odontambli/og'- 
 mus, Odonthypercssthe'sis, Tooth-edge. 
 
 H^MODIASMUS, Hismodia. 
 
 H^MODROMOM'ETER, Hcsmadromom'eter, 
 from hcsma, ipoftos, 'course,' and iitTpov, 'a mea- 
 sure.' An instrument for measuring the rate of 
 the blood's movement. It consists of a glass 
 tube, 52 inches long, containing water, bent into 
 the form of a hair-pin, which is substituted for a 
 segment of the bloodvessel, the velocity of the 
 blood in which it is required to measure. The 
 column of blood, which comes from the heart, 
 pushes the column of water before it, and thus 
 enables the velocity of the blood to be estimated. 
 
 HyEMOIDES, Sanguine. 
 
 H^MOMETRECTA'SIA, from hcema, unrpa, 
 
H^MOPATHIA 
 
 443 
 
 H^MORRHAGIA 
 
 'uterus,' and tKraati, 'dilatation.' Dilatation of 
 the womb from liloi d. 
 
 H^MOPATHIA, Hajmatonosus. 
 
 H^MOPERICAR'DIUM, Pericardi'tis exsu- 
 dato'ria, (F.) Hemopericarde, from 'aifia, 'blood,' 
 and pei-icardium. Effusion of blood into the 
 pericardium. 
 
 H^MOPEEITOuS^^'UM, from hcsma, and 
 TtpiTovaiov, 'peritoneum.' Effusion of blood into 
 the peritoneum. 
 
 H^MOPEX'IiE, (G.) Hiimopexien, from 
 hcBina, and 1:17^1;, 'coagulation.' An order of 
 diseases in which there is increased coagulabi- 
 lity of the blood. — Hyperino'sia san'yuinis. — 
 Fuehs. 
 
 HJiMOPHEUM, Hsemaphein. 
 
 H/EMOPHILIA, Hsematophilia. 
 
 HOMOPHOBIA, Hajmatophobia. 
 
 HOMOPHTHAL ' MIA, HcBmatophtlial ' mia, 
 EcBinatop' sia, from haema, and oiitQa}^noi, 'eye.' 
 HcBnialo'pia, HcBmalo'jii-i, Hm'malopn, Hijj-jcb' mia 
 seu Apoplex'ia oc'uli. Effusion of blood into the 
 eye. When the extravasation is external, it is 
 called HcBmophthal' mia exter'na, Hijpiospliacj'ma 
 and H(smalops externus ; when internal, Hainoph- 
 thal'mia inter'na, Ifydi-ophtkal'mus cruen'tns, Hij- 
 2)och'ysis hcBmato' des, HcBmatom' ma, and Ha'ma- 
 lop>s inter'nus. A blood-shot eye. 
 
 HOMOPLANIA MENSTPvUALIS, Menstrua- 
 tion, vicarious. 
 
 HOMOPLETHORA, Plethora. 
 
 HOMOPROCTIA, Hsemorrhois. 
 
 HOMOPTOE, Haemoptysis— h. Laryngea et 
 Trachealis, Tracheorrhagia. 
 
 HOMOPTOSIS, Hemoptysis. 
 
 Hx5;M0P'TYSIS, from hcema, and tttvu}, 'I 
 spit.' Spitting of hlood, Hmmorrhng" ia Hamop' - 
 tysia, Hmmap'iysis, Mmmatoptys'ia, Hcsmatop)'- 
 tysis, Emj/toe, Emop'toe, Empto'ica pas'sio, Hcb- 
 moptyn' tnns, Hwmopto'sis, Sputum sang'uinis sen 
 cruen'tum, San' guinis fluor pulmo'num, Emopto'- 
 ica pas'sio, Hcemotis' mus, HcBmorrhoa'a jndmona'- 
 lis, Craen'ta exspui'tio, H(Bmorrhag"ia p)ulmo'nis 
 seu hron'cJiica, Pas'sio hcemopto'ica, Pejec'tio 
 sang'iiinis e pulmo'nibus, Expectora'tio sang' uinia, 
 Pneumorr7iag"ia,Pneumonorrhag"ia,P))enmonor- 
 rJice'a, Bronchorrhag"ia, Emp'tysis, Hamop'toe, 
 (F.) Henioptysie, C'rachement de sang, Expectora- 
 tion de sang, Angiairhemie, Angiairrhagie, Hemo- 
 angiain-hagie. — Piorry. Hemorrhage from the 
 mucous membrane of the lungs; characterized 
 by the expectoration of more or less florid and 
 froth}' blood. It is generally preceded by cough; 
 dyspnoea; sense of heat in the chest, &c. It is 
 important to discriminate between heemoptysis, 
 produced by some accidental cause acting irre- 
 gularly or periodically on the lungs; and that 
 which is, as it were, constitutional, and dependent 
 on some organic affection of the lungs, or some 
 faulty conformation of the chest. These two 
 varieties differ as much in their prognosis and 
 method of treatment as in their causes. Consti- 
 tutional hEemoptysis is a serious disease, almost 
 always announcing phthisis pulmonalis. The ac- 
 cidental variety is chiefly dangerous by frequent 
 recurrence, or too great loss of blood. 
 
 The general causes of heemoptysis are the same 
 as those of other kinds of hemorrhage. It has, 
 besides, particular causes; such as too great ex- 
 ercise of the lungs; loud speaking; playing on 
 wind instruments, breathing acrid vapours, &c. 
 It usually occurs between puberty and the age 
 of 35. A sudden and terrific kind of haemoptysis 
 is sometimes met with; consisting in a great 
 afllux of blood to the lungs. This has been 
 called Pul'monory Ap'oplexy, Apoplex'ia pidmo- 
 ua'lis seu pulmo'num, Pneumorrhag"ia, In/arc'tus 
 
 hamorrliag" icus pulmo'num, I. Tiamopto' icus La'in- 
 nec'ii, (F.) Apoplexie jyulmonaire, Jlemoptysie fou- 
 droyante, Meniorrhag'ie interstitielle du Ponmon. 
 Infiltration of blood into the air-cells may occur 
 without any haemoptysis. 
 
 Physical signs. Percussion may not always 
 aid us in hjemoptysis, but generally a circum- 
 scribed dulness will be perceived. The inspira- 
 tory murmur, on auscultation, is feeble or absent, 
 locally; and is replaced by bronchial respiration 
 and bronchophony. A fine liquid crepitus is de- 
 tected around the affected part: and in the larger 
 tubes, near the spine, a liquid bubbling rhonchus 
 is usually heard. The value of these signs is de- 
 termined by the nature of the expectoration. The 
 treatment of haemoptysis must be like that of in- 
 ternal hemorrhage in general. 
 
 H^^ropTYSis Interna, Haematothorax — h. La- 
 ryngea et Trachealis, Tracheorrhagia — h. Phthi- 
 sis, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 HOMOPTYSMUS, Hsemoptysis. 
 
 HOMORMESIS, Congestion, Hyperosmia. 
 
 HOMORRHACHIS, Apoplexia myelitica. 
 
 HEMORRHAGE, Htemorrhagia. 
 
 HiEMORRHAG"IA, from hama, and piryvviit, 
 ' I break forth.' Snn'gninis jjrojlu'vium copio'sum, 
 Sanguiflux'vs, Hamatoch'ysis, Aimorrhce'a, ffcB- 
 morrhce'a, H(Bmatorrhag"ia, Hcematis'mus, Hce- 
 matorrhoe'o, HcRniator'rhysis, Hmmorr'ltysis, Pro- 
 flu'viuni seu Prorup'tio seu Erupt-io sanguinis, 
 Profu'sio Sang'uinis, Hem'orrhage, Hemorrhage, 
 Bleeding, Loss of hlood. Rupturing, bursting, or 
 breaking of a blood-vessel, (Prov.) Floating, (F.) 
 Hemorrhagic ou Hemnrhagie, Perte de sang, Flux 
 de sang. Any discharge of blood from vessels 
 destined to contain it; with or without rupture of 
 their coats. Hemorrhages may be spontaneous or 
 traumatic: the first belong to the domain of me- 
 dicine, the latter to that of surgery. They may, 
 also, be internal or external; general — as in 
 scurvy — or local. The hemorrhages by exhaJatioti 
 — those which, chiefly interest the physician — 
 have been classed, by Pinel, as follows: — 1. He- 
 morrhage of the J/ucous Jlemhranes ; Epistaxis, 
 Haamoptysis, Haematemesis, Haemorrhoids, Hse- 
 maturia. Uterine Hemorrhage. 2. Hemorrhage of 
 the Tissues ; Cutaneous, Cellular, Serous, Synovial. 
 
 Hemorrhages have generally been distinguished 
 into active and j^assive : in other words into those 
 dependent upon augmentation of the organic ac- 
 tions, and those dependent upon debility. Ac- 
 cording to Broussais, no spontaneous hemorrhage 
 is passive; all are active, — that is, produced by 
 increased action and excess of irritation of the 
 blood-vessels : they may occur with debility, but 
 not from debility. He calls those only passive 
 hemorrhages, which are owing to an external 
 lesion of the vessels. Hemorrhages have been, 
 by some, divided into constitutional, or those de- 
 pending on original conformation: — accidental, 
 or those produced by some adventitious cause; 
 supplementary, or those which succeed others; 
 symptomatic, critical, kc. A secondary hemor- 
 rhage is one that occurs some time after wounds 
 or operations. 
 
 When hemorrhage takes place into any tissue, 
 or is interstitial, it receives the name, with many, 
 of apoplexy . 
 
 Active Hemorrhage, Hemorrhng"ia acti'va sea 
 arterio'sa, Cauma hcp.morrhag'icum, Angeior- 
 rhag"ia, occurs chiefly in the young and pletho- 
 ric. Good living; the use of fermented liquor — 
 excessive exercise, or too sedentary a life, may 
 perhaps be ranked as predisponent causes. It is 
 commonly preceded by heaviness and pulsation 
 in the part, — owing to the afflux of blood and 
 consequent hypersemia, — and by coldness of thef 
 extremities. The blood, evacuated, is g( nerally 
 
H^MORRHINIA 
 
 444 
 
 H.EMORRIIOIS 
 
 of a florid red. In such active hemorrhages, the 
 great indications of treatment will be, to dimi- 
 nish plethora where it exists, and to lessen the 
 heart's action. Bleeding, purgatives, and cold, 
 will be the chief agents. 
 
 Passive Hemorrhage, ITcBniorrhag"ia passi'va 
 seu veno'sa, Profu'sio, P. h<Bmorrhafj"{ca, occurs 
 in those of weak constitution ; or who have been 
 debilitated by protracted disease, poor diet, long 
 watching, excessive evacuations, &c. 
 
 The direct causes may be: — previous active 
 hemorrhage; scorbutus, or any thing capable of 
 inducing atony or asthenic hyperaemia of the 
 small vessels. These hemorrhages are not pre- 
 ceded by excitement or by any signs of local de- 
 termination. They are usually accompanied by 
 paleness of the countenance; feeble pulse: faint- 
 ing, <tc. The indications of treatment will be: — 
 to restore the action of the small vessels and the 
 general tone of the system : hence the utility of 
 stj'ptics and cold externally ; and of tonics and 
 astringents, creasote, mineral acids, &o., inter- 
 nally. Hemorrhage also occurs from mechanical 
 hyperajniia, as when haemoptysis is produced by 
 tubercles in the lungs : hasmatemesis by disease 
 of some of the solid viscera of the abdomen, &c. 
 
 In Traumatic Hemorrhages, or those which are 
 the consequences of wounds of arterial or venous 
 trunks, the blood is of a florid red colour, and 
 issues by jets and pulses, if it proceed from an 
 artery; whilst it is of a deeper red, issues slowly 
 and by a continuous flow, if from a vein. If the 
 capillary vessels be alone divided, the blood is 
 merely effused at the surface of the wound. Of 
 the means used for arresting" these traumatic he- 
 morrhages, some act mechanically as absorbents, 
 ligature, and comj^ression ; others chymically, as 
 fire, caustics, creasote, astringents, &c. 
 
 H^MORRHAGiA AcTivA Narium, Epistasis — 
 h. Bronchica, Haemoptysis — h. Cerebri, Apoplexy 
 — h. per Cutem, Sudor cruentus — h. per Diaere- 
 sin, see Diaeresis — h. per Diapedesin, Diapedesis — 
 h. Faueium, Stomatorrhagia — h. Gingivarum, 
 Ulorrhagia— h. Hajmatemesis, Heemntemesis — h. 
 Ha?maturia, Ilaematuria — h. Hosmoptysis, He- 
 moptysis — h. Hepatica, Hepathfemorrhagia — h. 
 Hepatis, Hepatorrhagia — h. Intestinorum, Hae- 
 matochezia — h. Mucosa, see Hajmorrhois — h. Na- 
 bothi, see Parturition — h. Narinea, Epistaxis — h. 
 Narium, Epistaxis — h. Oris, Stomatorrhagia — h. 
 Penis, Stimatosis — h. Pulmonis, Haemoptysis — h. 
 Renum, Nephrorrhagia — h. Universalis, Purpura 
 hEemorrhagica — h. Uterina, Metrorrhagia — h. 
 Ventriculi, Haematemesis — h. Vesicae, Cystorr- 
 hagia. 
 
 HiEMOBRHIXIA. Epistaxis. 
 
 HzEMORRHINORRHAGIA, Epistaxis. 
 
 H^MORRHCE'A, from^ffima, and,;tu, 'Iflow.' 
 H(B>norrhag"ia, Loss of blood. Some writers 
 have proposed to restrict this name to passive 
 hemorrhages. 
 
 H^ifORRHCEA Petechialis, Purpura htemor- 
 rhagica — h. Pulmonalis, Hfemoptysis — h. Uterina, 
 Metrorrhagia — h. Vasorum ha;morrhoidalium, 
 Hffimorrhois — h. Ventriculi, Haematemesis — h. 
 Viarum urinarium, Hasmaturia. 
 
 H^MORRHOI'DAL. Hemorrhoi'dal, Hamor- 
 rho'ida'lis, Hcemorrhoi' dens. Relating to hemor- 
 rhoids: as hemorrhoidal flux, hemorrhoidal tu- 
 mours, &c. 
 
 HEjroRRHOiDAL Arteries have been distin- 
 guished into superior, middle, and inferior. 1. 
 The first is the termination of the inferior me- 
 senteric artei'y, which assumes the name superior 
 hemorrhoidal, when it reaches the upper and pos- 
 terior part of the rectum. 2. The middle hemor- 
 rhoidal is furnished by the hypogastric or inter- 
 nal pudic. It ramifies on the inferior and ante- 
 rior part of the rectum. 3. The inferior hemor- 
 
 rhoidal arteries are branches of the internal 
 pudic, furnished to the inferior part of the rectum 
 and to the muscles of the anus. 
 
 Hemorrhoibal Nerves. These emanate from 
 the sciatic and hypogastric plexuses ; and cover 
 the rectum with their numerous filaments. 
 
 Hemorrhoidal Veixs follow the same distri- 
 bution, and generally empty themselves into the 
 lesser mesenteric. Some of them assist in the 
 formation of the hypogastric vein. 
 
 Hemoruhoidal Vessels, Vasa. seda'Ua, are 
 those vessels which are distributed to the rectum 
 — the seat of hemorrhoids. 
 
 H.ffiMORRHOIDALES NODI, Haemorrhois. 
 
 H^MORRHOIDES, see Hwmorrhois — h. 
 Cajcae, see Haamorrhois — h. Fluentes, Haemor- 
 rhois — h. Furentes, see Haemorrhois — h. Maris- 
 cosae, Haemorrhois — h. non Fluentes, Haemor- 
 rhois — h. Oris, Stomatorrhagia. 
 
 H.3EM0RRH0IDR0'SIS, from 'at^Loppoig, 'he- 
 morrhoids,' and 'iSpijjcis, 'sweating.' Sweating 
 of hemorrhoidal blood. [?] — Bock. 
 
 HiEMOR'RHOIS, Aimor'rho'is, Aselepias'mus, 
 from hcBma, and petii, 'I, flow.' Aimor'ro'is, Proc'- 
 ticn Ilaris'ca, 3Iaris'ca, Proctal'gia Hmmorrho'i- 
 daJlis, Morbus Hmmorrhoidalis, Piles, Em'erods, 
 (F.) Hemorrhoides. The essential symptoms of 
 this alfection are: — Livid and painful tubercles 
 or excrescences, (Hemorrhoid' al Tumours,) usu- 
 ally attended with a discharge of mucus or blood, 
 (Hemorrlioid' alflux, Proctorrhoe'a, Ham oproc' tia , 
 HeBniorrhte'a vasorum hmmorrho'ida'lium, (F.) 
 Hemajiroctie.) The most common causes of piles 
 are a sedentary life ; accumulation of faeces in 
 the rectum; violent efi'orts at stool; pregnancy, 
 Ac. The precursory symptoms are: — paing m 
 the loins; stupor of the lower limbs: and un- 
 easiness in the abdomen and rectum, with more 
 or less gastric, cerebral, and indeed general dis- 
 order ; — constituting the Diath'esis Hcemorrhoi- 
 da'lis, Motus seu Turba Hmmorrhoida' lis, and 
 Moli'men HcBmorrhoida'le. of most of the writers 
 of Continental Europe. To these symptoms fol- 
 low one or more round, smooth, renitent, painful, 
 pulsating, and erectile tumours, around the mar- 
 gin of the anus, or within the anus; some pour- 
 ing out blood occasionally. After having re- 
 mained, for a time, tense and painful, they gra- 
 dually shrink and disappear. The chief symp- 
 toms, occasioned by hemorrhoidal tumours, when 
 much inflamed, are ; — constant pain, liable, how- 
 ever, to exacerbations, and to become augmented 
 by the least pressure, or by the passage of the 
 faeces, and olDliging the patient to preserve the 
 horizontal posture. 
 
 Haemorrhoids have generally been distinguished 
 into — Heemorrho'ides Fluentes seu ilurisco'scB, 
 Proc'tica JIaris'ca cruen'ta, Bleeding or Opien 
 Piles; and into H. non fluen'tes, Proc'tica Ma- 
 ris'ca cmca, H<p.morrhoV des cceccB seu furen'tes, 
 Hcemorrhoida'les nodi, Shut or blind piles. They 
 have, also, been divided into internal or occult, 
 and external, according to their situation; and 
 into accidental or constitutional. 
 
 Hemorrhoidal Tumours are extremely trouble- 
 some, by their disposition to frequent recurrence : 
 and they are apt to induce fistula; otherwise, 
 they are devoid of danger. When anatomicallj 
 examined, they are found not to consist in a va- 
 ricose dilatation of the veins of the rectum ; but 
 to be formed of a very close, spongy, texture; 
 similar to that which surrounds the orifice of the 
 vagina; and to be erectile, like it. They are 
 surrounded by a delicate membrane, and have no 
 internal cavity. The treatment, in mild cases of 
 hemorrhoidal tumours, is simple. Rest; the ho- 
 rizontal posture ; the use of mild laxatives, as 
 sulphur, castor oil, and emollient gly-sters, will 
 
H.E MORE, HOiS CHE SIS 
 
 445 
 
 HAIR 
 
 be sufficient. If they be much inflamed, leeches 
 may be applied ; and warm cataplasms or cold 
 lotions, according to circumstances, be prescribed, 
 with abstinence, and cooling drinks. Afterwards, 
 an ointment, composed of powdered galls and 
 opium, may afford relief. It is in the relaxed 
 kind, that such ointment, and the internal use of 
 Ward's Paste, can alone be expected to afford 
 much benefit. If, after repeated attacks, the tu- 
 mours remain hard and painful, and threaten 
 fistula, they may be removed. 
 
 By Hemorrhoidal Flux, Fliixus TimmorrTioida'- 
 lis, ProetorrJiag"ia, is meant the hemorrhage 
 which takes place from the rectum, owing to he- 
 morrhoids. It is a common affection. The quan- 
 tity of blood discharged is various : at times, it 
 is very trifling; at others, sufficient to induce 
 great debility, and even death. It is announced 
 and accompanied by the same symptoms as pre- 
 cede and attend hemorrhoidal tumours. Like 
 other hemorrhages it may be active or passive ; 
 accidental or constitutional. The prognosis is 
 rarely unfavourable. The affection may, almost 
 always, be relieved by properly adapted means. 
 These resemble such as are necessary in hemor- 
 rhages in general. Perfect quietude, — mental 
 and corporeal; light diet; cooling drinks; bleeding 
 if the symptoms indicate it; astringents, (if the 
 disease be protracted and passive.) such as the 
 Tinctura Ferri Chloridi ; aspersions of cold 
 water on the anus : astringent injections ; plug- 
 ging and compression. Such will be the principal 
 remedial agents. When the hemorrhage has be- 
 come habitual, or is vicarious, some caution may 
 be required in checking it; and, if inconvenience 
 arise from a sudden suppression, its return may 
 be solicited by the semicupium, sitting over warm 
 water, aloetic purgatives, glysters, irritating sup- 
 positories, Ac. ; or leeches may be applied to the 
 anus. 
 
 To the internal bleeding pile, a soft, red, straw- 
 berry-like elevation of the mucous membrane. 
 Dr. Houston, of Dublin, gives the name v-ascular 
 tumour, Por its removal he recommends the ap- 
 plication of nitric acid, so as to produce slough- 
 ixig of its surface. 
 
 Some authors have described a species of Len- 
 corrhce'a Ana'lis or whitish discharge from the 
 anus, which often attends ordinary hsemorrhoids. 
 This they have called Proctiea tnaris'ca muco'sa, 
 HcBmor'rho'ia alba, H(E'morrTiag"ia muco'sa, Leu- 
 cor'rho'is, Ac. It requires no special mention. 
 
 The term Hemorrhoid is applied at times to 
 varicose veins developed elsewhere, as at the 
 orifice of the uterus. See Metrsemorrhoides. 
 
 H^iroRRHOis AB ExANiA, Proctocele — h. Pro- 
 cedens, Proctocele. 
 
 H^MORRHOiS'CHESIS, from 'a,iiopf,oig, 
 'hamorrhois,' pfu, 'I flow,' and iiy)(^s.ii>, 'I restrain.' 
 Reten'tio Jluxus hamorrhoida'lis. Suppression or 
 retention of the hemorrhoidal flux. 
 
 H^MORRHOPHE'SIS, Absorp'tio sang'uinis, 
 from hcema, and potpam, 'I sip up.' Absorption 
 of blood. 
 
 H^MORRHOPHILIA, Hsematophilia. 
 
 H^MORRHOSCOPIA, Hsematoseopia. 
 
 H^MORRHYSIS, Hsemorrhagia. 
 
 H^MOSCHEOCELE, Hsematoscheocele. 
 
 HjEMOSCOPIA, Haematoscopia. 
 
 H^MOSPASIA, see Hajmospastic. 
 
 H^MOSPAS'TIC, (F.) Hemosjmsigue, from 
 hcBrua, and c-aM, 'I draw.' An agent which draws 
 or attracts blood to a part; as a cupping-glass. 
 The operation is termed Hamospa' sia, (F.) Hemos- 
 2)osie. It is generally applied to a process by 
 which the air is exhausted over a considerable 
 surface, as over one or more of the extremities, 
 by an appropriate pneumatic apparatus. 
 
 HiEMOSTA'SIA, Hcemos'tasis, Epid'esis, San'- 
 guinis 8tag)ia'tio, (F.) Hemostasie, from hcema, 
 and araats, 'stagnation.' Stagnation of blood. 
 This name has, also, been given to any operation, 
 the object of which is to arrest the flow of blo'od. 
 
 H^MOSTAT'IC, PAGLIA'RI'S, Pagliari's 
 Styptic, (F.) Fan de Pagliari. A styptic liquor, 
 said to be of great power, discovered by M. Pag- 
 liari, & pharinacien at Rome. It is composed as 
 follows: — Eight ounces of tincture of benzoin, 
 one pound of alum, and ten pounds of -water are 
 boiled together for six hours in a glazed earthen 
 vessel, the vaporized water being constantly re- 
 placed by hot water, so as not to interrupt the 
 ebullition, and the resinous mass being kept 
 stirred round. The fluid is then filtered, and 
 kept in stoppered bottles. A drop of the fluid, 
 poured into a glass containing human blood, pro- 
 duces an instantaneous magma 
 
 HEMOSTATICS, Ha;matostatica. 
 
 HEMOTELANGIOSIS, Telangiectasia. 
 
 IIEMOTEXIA, Ha3mateclysis. 
 
 IIEMOTEXIS, Hajmateclysis. 
 
 HEMOTHORAX, Hajmathorax. 
 
 HEMOTISMUS, Hemoptysis. 
 
 HEMOT'ROPHY, Hcpmotroph'ia ; from hawa, 
 and Tpo<pri, 'nourishment.' Excess of sangui- 
 neous nourishment. — Prout. 
 
 HJEMURIA, Hsematuria. 
 
 HiEMURESIS, HiEmaturia. 
 
 HEMYDOR, Serum of the blood. 
 
 HEMYDRIA, Hydrosemia. 
 
 HEREDITARIUS, Hereditary. 
 
 HiESITATIO, Balbuties. 
 
 HEVEA GUIANENSIS, see Caoutchouc. 
 
 HAG, Abdomen. 
 
 HAGARD, Haggard. 
 
 HAGBERRY, Prunus padus. 
 
 HAGE'NIA ABYSSIN'ICA, Bray'era anthel- 
 min'tica, Banh'sia Abyssi7i'ica. An Abyssinian 
 tree; Order, Piosacese; Sexual System, Icosandria 
 Digynia, which the natives plant round their 
 habitations, as an ornament. The infusion or de- 
 coction of its flowers, Flores cosso, is emplo3'ed by 
 them as an anthelmintic, especially in cases of 
 tape-worm. It is called, there, Cusso or Cousso, 
 Kosso, Kousso, Kooso, Kwoso, Cotz, Cabotz, and 
 Habbi. 
 
 HAGGARD, (F.) Hagard. The French use 
 the term Air liagard,, Oiil hagard, 'Haggard 
 air,' ' Haggard eye,' for a physiognomy, in which 
 there is at once an expression of madness and 
 terror. 
 
 HAGIOSPERMUM, Artemisia santonica. 
 
 HAGIOXYLUM. Guaiacum. 
 
 HAHNEMANNISM, Homoeopathy. 
 
 HAIL, Chalaza. 
 
 HAIR, Sax. hsep, Crinia, Pilus, Thri.r, Pile, 
 (F.) Puil. A conical, corneous substance, the free 
 portion or shaft, scapus, of which issues to n greater 
 or less distance from the skin, to the tissue of 
 which it adheres by a bulb, Bulbna pili, seated, in 
 Ji hair follicle — follic'idus pili — made by an 
 inversion of the integument, the epidermis of 
 which forms a "root shu&ih," vagi'na pili. At 
 the base of the hair follicle, there is a small 
 papilla, well supplied with bloodvessels and 
 nerves. Papilla piili ; at times called, but im- 
 properly, Pnlpa seu Blaste'ma pili. The hair re- 
 ceives various names in different parts — as Beard, 
 Cilia, Eyebrows, Hair of the head, {Capilli,) &c. 
 
 Hair Dte, Twiggs's. A preparation much 
 used to give colour to the hair. It may be formed 
 of preei2ntated sulphur and acetate of lead, each 
 ^y, rose water, f^iv; triturated together in a 
 mortar. It should be applied twice a day, until 
 the desired effect is pioduced. 
 
HAIRY 
 
 446 HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA 
 
 Hair, Falling off of the, Alopecia. 
 
 Hair Follicle, see Hair. 
 
 Hair, Matted, Plica — h. Plaited, Plica — h. 
 Trichomatose, Plica — h. Worm, Seta equina, see 
 Ecfozoa — h. Worm, muscular, Dracunculus. 
 
 Hairy, Pileous. Also, covered with hair. 
 
 HAKE, see Oleum jecoris aselli. 
 
 HAL, Salt. 
 
 HALA'TIOX, Hala'tium; diminutive of 'a\g, 
 'salt' A pungent remedy, with the ancients, 
 which contained salts. 
 
 HALCHEMI'A. The alchymists so called the 
 art of fusing salts : from 'a\i, 'salt,' and ;;(£<<», ' I 
 pour out.' — Libavius. 
 
 HALCYON, Alcyon. 
 
 UALCYONIUM ROTUNDUM, Pila marina. 
 
 HALE, Ephelides. 
 
 HALEINE, Breath— A. Courte, Dyspnoea. 
 
 HALEL^'ON, HalelcB'um, from 'aA;, 'salt,' 
 and c\atov, 'oil.' Oleum Snli mixtum. A mix- 
 ture of oil and salt, for removing swellings of the 
 joints. — Galen. 
 
 HALETERATION, Alteration. 
 
 HALF-CASTE, Half -Cast, see Caste. A term 
 applied, in India, to the offspring of a Hindoo 
 and a European. Since, extended to the offspring 
 of mixed races. The subjoined list from Tsehudi's 
 Travels in Peru, 1838-1842, shows the parent- 
 age of the different varieties of half-casts, and 
 also the proper designations of the latter, as ob- 
 served in South America. 
 
 Parents. Children. 
 
 "WTiite Father and Negro Mother, Mulatto. 
 White Father and Indian Mother, jNIeztizo. 
 Indian Father and Negro Mother, Chino. 
 White Father and Mulatta Mother, Cuarteron. 
 
 ! Creole, (only distin- 
 guished from the 
 white by a pale 
 brownish complex- 
 ion.) 
 White Father and China Mother, Chino-blanco. 
 White Father and Cuarterona S r\ ■ i 
 
 Mother -^Qujntero. 
 
 White Father and Quintera Mo-< ttti,-/. 
 
 ther (White. 
 
 Negro Father and Mulatta Mother, Zambo-negro. 
 Negro Father and Meztiza Mother, Mulatto oscuro. 
 Negro Father and China Mother, Zambo chino. 
 
 Negro Father and Zamba Mother,! ^^'^n^trf °. ^^^''' 
 ° ' t fectly black.) 
 
 Negro Father and Cuarterona or f Mulatto (rather 
 
 Quintera Mother \ dark.) 
 
 ^°the?..!.^!!!!''...!!!i.!'.".!^.".l?f.°"{china-oscuro. 
 
 Indian Father and Meztiza Mo-S Mestizo-claro (fre- 
 ther ) quentiy very beau- 
 
 ( tiful.) 
 
 Indian Father and China Mother, Chino-eholo. 
 
 Indian Father and Zamba Mo- f ™ , , 
 j.j^ < Zambo-claro. 
 
 Indian Father with China-cholaf Indian(with rather 
 
 Mother \ short frizzy hair.) 
 
 Indian Father and Cuarterona or f Meztizo (rather 
 
 Quintera Mother \ brown.) 
 
 Mulatto Father and Zamba Mo-j Zambo (a misera- 
 
 ther \ ble race.) 
 
 Mulatto Father and Meztiza Mo-f Chino (of rather 
 
 ther \ clear complexion.) 
 
 Mulatto Father and China Mother, Chino(ratherdark.) 
 
 See Mulatto. 
 
 HALICA, Alica. 
 
 HALICACALUM, Physalis. 
 
 HALICES, Pandiculation. 
 
 HALIDRYS VESICULOSA, Fucus vesicu- 
 losus. 
 
 HALINA'TRUM, Halhu'trum, Haloni' trum ; 
 from 'a\i, 'salt,' and natrum or natron. A name 
 given by the ancients to subcarbonate of soda, 
 containing a little subcarbonate of ammonia, 
 which is found, ready-formed, on the plaster of 
 damp walls, in places irfhabited by man or ani- 
 mals. Also, Potassae nitras. 
 
 HALINITRUM, Halinatrum. 
 
 HALINUS, Saline. 
 
 HAL'ITUOUS, Halituo'sus, from halitus, 'va- 
 pour.' (F.) Halitueux. The skin is said to be ha- 
 li'tueuse, when covered with a gentle moisture. 
 The vapour, exhaled in all the cavities of the 
 body, so long as the blood is warm, is called 
 Hal'itns. The odorous vapour, exhaled by the 
 blood itself whilst warm, is called Hal'itus San'- 
 guinis. 
 
 Halitus, Breath — h. Oris Foetidus, Breath, 
 offensive — h. Sanguinis, Gaz sanguinis. See Ha- 
 lituous. 
 
 HALL, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 springs of Hall, in Upper Austria, contain iodine. 
 
 HALLUCINATIO HYPOCHONDRIASIS, 
 Hj'pochondriasis — h. Vertigo, Vertigo. 
 
 HALLUCINA'TION, Hallucina'tio, Halucina'- 
 tio, Fulla'cia, Illu'sio, I. sensus, Socor' dia, Alu'- 
 sia, Allucina'tio, Parora'sis, Soninia'tio in statu 
 v!y"ili, Ido'lum, Waking dream. Phantasm, from 
 allucinari or hallucinari, allucinatus, 'to be de- 
 ceived.' A morbid error in one or more of the 
 senses. Perception of objects, which do not in 
 fact exert any impression on the external senses. 
 Hallucination or delusion almost always, if not 
 always, depends on disorder of the brain, but is 
 not an index of insanity, unless the patient be- 
 lieves in the existence of the subject of the hal- 
 lucination. 
 
 HALLUS, Polles pedis. 
 
 HALLUX, Pollex pedis. 
 
 HALME, Muria. 
 
 HALMYRIS, see Muria. 
 
 HALMYRO'DES, Salsugino'sus, Salsu'gi- 
 nous, from 'aX/ivpii, {'aXjjn], ' sea-water,"aXs, 'salt,') 
 ' a salt liquor,' saltish. An epithet given to any 
 affection, in which the heat feels pungent under 
 the finger of the physician. — Hippocrates. 
 
 HALMYRUS, Saline. 
 
 HALO, Areola. 
 
 Halo Signa'tus. The impression made by 
 the ciliary processes on the anterior surface of the 
 vitreous humour. So called from its consisting 
 of a circle of indentations. — Sir C. Bell. Called 
 by Haller, StricB ret'incB suhject'oB Ugamen'to 
 cilia' ri • by Winslow, Sulci cilia' res, 
 
 HALODER^'UM, from 'aAj, 'salt,' and 5£/)atoi', 
 ' a collar,' (dcprj, ' neck.') Colla'rium sali'num. 
 A collar of salt applied to the neck, as in cases 
 of croup. 
 
 HALOGENE, Chlorine. 
 
 HALOIDUM OXYGENATUM, Potassae mu- 
 rias hyperoxygenatus. 
 
 HALONIITIS, Induration of the cellular 
 
 HALONITRUM, Halinatrum. 
 
 HALOPE'G^, from 'a\i, 'aXo;, 'salt,' and 
 -irriyri, 'a spring.' Mineral waters whose chief in- 
 gredient is common salt — chloride of sodium. 
 
 HALOS, Areola. 
 
 HALOT'YLE, Oul'cita sali'na, from 'aXs, 'salt,' 
 and TvXv, 'a bolster.' A bolster or pillow of salt, 
 recommended in croup. 
 
 HALSBANE, Clavicle. 
 
 HALS. 'aXi, 'salt;' hence Halogene, Haloid, &c. 
 
 HALSE. Throat. 
 
 HALTE'RES. Pieces of lead held in the 
 hands by the ancients to assist them in leapin". 
 
 HALUCINATIO, Hallucination. 
 
 HALYCODES, Saline. 
 
 HALYSIS LATA, Bothriocephalus latus — h. 
 Membranacea, Bothriocephalus latus — h. Solium, 
 Taenia solium. 
 
 HAM, Poples. 
 
 HAMAME'LIS VIRGINIA'NA, H. Virghi'i. 
 ca seu macrophijl'la, Witch hazel, Winter witch 
 hazel, Snapping hazelnut, Winter hloom. Ord. 
 Hamamelaceas. The bark of this tree, which is 
 
HAMARTHRITIS 
 
 447 
 
 HARROWGATE 
 
 a native of the United States, is somewhat bitter 
 and sensibly astringent; but it has not been 
 much used. A cataplasm of the inner rind of 
 the bark is said to have been found efficacious in 
 painful inflammation of the eyes. 
 
 HAMARTHRI'TIS, Holartkri'uS, Catholar- 
 thri'tis, Arthri'tis universa'lis, from 'afia, ' at 
 once,' and ap^pinj, 'gout.' Gout in all the joints. 
 Universal gout. 
 
 HAMCH, Coxofemoral articulation. 
 
 HAM'MA, Nodus, 'a, tie.' A knot, used for 
 retaining bandages on any part. — Hippocrates. 
 A truss. 
 
 HAMMERING, Balbuties. 
 
 HAMPSTEAD, MINERAL "WATERS OF. 
 These waters, situate in the neighbourhood of 
 London, are a good chalybeate. 
 
 HAMSTRING, To, see Hamstrings. 
 
 HAMSTRINGS, (F.) Jarretiers. The strings 
 or tendons of the ham. 
 
 The Hamstring Muscles are the biceps femo- 
 ris, whose tendon forms the outer hamgtring ; and 
 the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis 
 and sartorius, whose tendons form the inner 
 hamstring, 
 
 'To hamstring' means to cut the strings or ten- 
 dons of the ham. 
 
 HAMULAR PROCESS, see Hamulus. 
 
 HAM'ULUS. Diminutive of kamus, 'a hook.' 
 A hook or crook: Ancis'tron. Also, any hook- 
 like process ; as the hamidns or hamular process 
 of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, 
 which projects from the termination of the inter- 
 nal pterygoid plate. 
 
 Hasiulus Lamina Spiralis, see Lamina spi- 
 ralis. 
 
 HAMUS, see Hamulus. 
 
 HANCHE, Haunch. 
 
 HANCLETH, Malleolus. 
 
 HAND, Manus. 
 
 HANDWOMAN, Midwife. 
 
 HANDS, DROPPED, Hand-drop, Wrist-drop. 
 A popular term for the paralysis of the hand, in- 
 duced by the action of lead. 
 
 HANDWRIST, Carpus. 
 
 HANGERS, Crusta genu equinse. 
 
 HANGNAIL, (old Eng.) Agnail, (Prov.) Ang- 
 nail. Stepmother's blessing, Wirt-springs, Nail- 
 spring, Nang-nail, (F.) Envie. A portion of epi- 
 dermis, detached so as to tear the integument in 
 the vicinitv of the finger nails. 
 
 HANNEBANE, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 HAPANTIS'MUS. Badly formed from jraf, 
 or 'airai, ' all.' Oblitera'tio comple' ta. The mat- 
 ting or growing together of organic parts. 
 
 HAPHE. '056;;, 'feeling, touch.' Hence: 
 
 HAPHON'OSI, Haphonu'si, from 'a<pv, 'the 
 touch.' Morbi tactAs. Diseases of the sense of 
 touch. 
 
 HAPLOACNE, Acne simplex. 
 
 HAPLOPATHI'A, from 'arrU;, 'simple.' and 
 7ra0o;, 'disease.' 3forhus simplex, A simple or 
 uncomplicated affection. 
 
 HAPLOTOM'IA, Simplex sec'tio, Incis'io sim- 
 2ilex, Opera'tio simplex, from 'a-nXo?, 'simple,' and 
 T0/J17, 'incision.' A simple incision. 
 
 HAPSIS, Touch. 
 
 HAPTODYSPHOR'IA, Tactus dolorif'icus ,• 
 from 'a<pri, ' touch,' and Sv(T(l)opos, ' difficult to be 
 borne.' Painful to the touch. 
 
 HAPTOGEN, Haptogenous. 
 
 HAPTOGENE, Haptogenous. 
 
 HAPTOG"ENOUS, Haptog"enus, Hap'togen, 
 (F.) Haptoghie, from 'aiTTw, 'I attach, 'and yci'vaco, 
 'I engender.' Ascherson calls the pellicle, which 
 forms around fatty matter when albumen is 
 brought in contact with it, Haptogen membrane, 
 (F.) Membrane haptogene. 
 
 HAPTOT'ICA, Haptot'ice, from 'a<pr,, 'touch.' 
 The doctrine of the phenomena of touch. 
 
 HARD, (G.) hart, Bums, Scleros, (F.) Bur. 
 That which offers much resistance. In anatomy, 
 the hard parts are those which compose the os- 
 seous basis of the body ; in other words, the skele- 
 ton. See Pulse, hard. 
 
 HARD'S FARINACEOUS FOOD, see Fari- 
 naceous. 
 
 HARDESIA, Hibernicus lapis. 
 
 HARDHACK, SpirfEa tomentosa. 
 
 HARE-LIP, Lagochi'his, Lagos'toma, Lagon'- 
 tomum, Lagcn'tomum, La'biuni Lepori'num, Olo- 
 pho'nia Labii Loba'ta, Lepori'nnni rostrum, (Sc.) 
 Hareshaw, (Prov.) Hayscale, (F.) Bee de Lievre. 
 A fissure or perpendicular division of one or both 
 lips. It has been so called, in consequence of 
 the upper lip of the hare being thus divided. 
 Hare-lip is generally congenital ; at other times 
 it is accidental, or produced by a wound, the 
 edges of which have not been brought into con- 
 tact, and have healed separately. It is simple, 
 when there is but one division ; double, when 
 there are two ; and complicated, when there is, at 
 the same time, a division or cleft of the superior 
 maxillary bone and of the palate — Cleft or fis'- 
 sured palate, Wolf's jcnu, Pala'tum fissum, Rictus 
 lupi'nus ; or a projection of the teeth into the 
 separation of the lip. 
 
 In the Hare-lip operation, there are two indi- 
 cations to be fulfilled. First, to pare, with the 
 knife or scissors, the edges of the cleft, and, af- 
 terwards, to preserve them in contact ; in order 
 to cause adhesion. This last object is accom- 
 plished by means of pins, passed through the 
 edges of the division ; in other words, by the 
 twisted suture. The projecting teeth must, of 
 course, be previously removed. If there be sepa- 
 ration of the palate, it will become less and less 
 after the union of the lip, or the operation of sta- 
 phyloraphy may be performed upon it. 
 
 Hare's Ear, Bupleurum rotundifolium — h. 
 Eye, Lagophthalmia. 
 
 HARESHAW, Harelip. 
 
 HARGNE, Hernia — h. Anevrysmale, Cirsom- 
 phalus. 
 
 HARICOT, Phaseolus vulgaris — h. Grand de 
 Perou, Jatropha curcas. 
 
 HARMALIA, Aliment. 
 
 HAR'MONY, Harmo'nia, Harmos, primarily 
 from aQ{ii, 'I adjust.' Anatomists have called Su- 
 ture by Harmony, or simply Harmony, False or 
 sujierficial suture, Sutu'ra os' sinm spu'ria, Com- 
 pa'ges os'sium per li n' earn sim' jMcem , an immov- 
 able articulation, in which the depressions and 
 eminences, presented by the bony surfaces, are 
 but slightly marked ; so that it might be pre- 
 sumed that the junction of the bones took place 
 by simple apposition of their surfaces. An in- 
 stance of harmony occurs in the union of the 
 superior maxillary bones with each other. 
 
 HARMUS, Articulation, Harmony. 
 
 HARNPAN, Cranium. 
 
 HARRODSBURG SPRINGS, see Kentucky, 
 Mineral Waters of. 
 
 HAR'ROWGATE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 The villages of High and Low Harrowgate are 
 situate in the centre of the county of York, near 
 Knaresborough, twenty miles from York, and 
 fifteen from Leeds. Here are several valuable 
 sulphurous and chalybeate springs. The sulphu- 
 reous springs contain chloride of sodium, chloride 
 of calcium, chloride of magnesium, bicarbonate 
 of soda, sulphohydric acid, carbonic acid, carbu- 
 retted hydrogen, and azote. The chalybeate 
 springs contain protoxide of iron, chloride of so- 
 dium, sulphate of soda, chloride of calcium, chlo- 
 ride of magnesium, carbonic acid, azote, and oxy- 
 
HARTFELL 
 
 448 
 
 HEART 
 
 gen. For the former, Harrowgate is celebrated 
 and frequented. 
 
 Harrowgate Salts, Artificial, are much 
 employed, and not unfrequently by those who 
 drink the genuine water, for the purpose of in- 
 creasing its aperient power. They may be made 
 as follows : — Salph. Potass, cum Sulph. ^vj ; Po- 
 tass, hitart. ^j ; Jlagnes. Siilph. in pulv. §vj. M. 
 The usual dose is a teaspoonful, in a small tum- 
 blerful of tepid water, early in the morning. 
 
 Harrowgate Water, Artificial, may be 
 formed of common salt, ^v ; icater, Oiij ; impreg- 
 nated with the gas from sulp)huret of potass, and 
 sulphuric acid, aa ,^iv. The following form has 
 also been recommended. ]J. SuJpihat. Potass, 
 cum sulph. (Ph. Ed.) _^j ; Potass, hitart. "^ss; 
 Magnes. sulphat. ^vj ; Aqua destillat, Oij. One- 
 half to be taken for a dose. 
 
 HARTFELL, MIISTIRAL WATERS OF. 
 Hartfell Spa is about five miles from Moffat, in 
 Scotland. The water is a chalybeate, and is 
 much used. 
 
 HARTSHORN, Cervus, Cornu cervi, Liquor 
 cornu cervi — h. Red, Spiritus lavandulaj com- 
 positus — h. and Oil, Linimentum ammonise car- 
 bonatis. 
 
 HARTS' TOXGUE, Asplenium scolopendrium. 
 
 HARTS' TRUFFLES,Elaphomycesgranulatus. 
 
 HARTWORT OF MARSEILLES, Seseli tor- 
 tuosum. 
 
 HASCHE, Pain. 
 
 HASCHISCH, see Bangue. 
 
 EASGHISCHrNE, see Bangue. 
 
 HASTA, Penis — h. Nuptialis, Penis— h. Yi- 
 rilis, Penis. 
 
 HASTELLA, Splint. 
 
 HASTINGS, CLIMATE OF. This place has 
 the reputation of being one of the mildest and 
 most sheltered winter residences on the south 
 coast of England. Owing to its low situation, 
 and the height of the neighbouring elifTs, it is 
 protected in a great degree from all northerly 
 winds ; and hence is found a favourable residence 
 generally for invalids labouring under diseases 
 of the chest. 
 
 HASTULA REGIS, Asphodelus ramosus. 
 
 HATFIELD'S TINCTURE, see Tinctura Gua- 
 iaci ammoniata. 
 
 HATTREL, Abscess. 
 
 HAUNCH, Coxa, Coxen'dix, of the Latins; 
 "YX^' ^^ icX'""' of tlis Greeks; Ancha, Ischiott, 
 Osphi/s, Hip, Cossa, (Prov.) Hubbon, Shoup, (F.) 
 Hanche. The region of the trunk which is formed 
 by the lateral parts of the pelvis and the hip- 
 joint, including the soft parts. In women, on 
 account of the greater width of the pelvis, the 
 haunches are more marked and prominent than 
 in men. 
 
 HAUSE, Collura, Throat. 
 
 HAUSTEL'LATE, HausteUa'tus, from haurio, 
 Tiaustum,' 1 drink up.' An epithet for the struc- 
 ture of mouth, which is adapted for drinking or 
 pumping up liquids. Insects, which possess that 
 kind of mouth, are so named. Ehrenberg refers 
 the fancied spermatozoon to the hausteilate en- 
 tozoa. 
 
 HAUSTRA COLI, see Colon. 
 
 HAUSTUS, Po'tio, Potiun'cula. A Draught. 
 A liquid medicine, which can be taken at a 
 draught. 
 
 Haustus Niger, see Infusum sennae. 
 
 HA UT MAL, Epilepsy. 
 
 HAYAN'A or HAVAN'NAH, CLIMATE OF. 
 The climate of Cuba is often selected for the 
 phthisical invalid during the winter months, and 
 so far as regards elevation and comparative equa- 
 bility of temperature, it is more favourable for 
 those of weak lungs than that of the United 
 States. The mean annual temperature is high 
 
 (78°), but the dlffer^ence between the mean tern- 
 perature of the warmest and coldest months is 
 twice as great as at Madeira. 
 
 HAVERSIAN CANALS, Canals, nutritive, of 
 Bones. 
 
 HAW, Hungry. 
 
 Haw, Black, Viburnum prunifolium. 
 
 HAWKNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum. 
 
 HAWKWEED, VEINY, Hieracium venosum. 
 
 HAAVSE, Throat. 
 
 HAWTHORN, WHITE, Mespilus osyacantha. 
 
 HAY ASTHMA, Fever, Hay. 
 
 Hat, Camel's, Juncus odoratus. 
 
 HAYRIFF, Galium aparine. 
 
 HAYSCALE, Harelip. 
 
 HAZEL, BEAKED, Corylus rostrata.' 
 
 Hazel Crottles, Lichen pulmonarius — h. 
 Nut, snapping, Hamamelis Virginiana — h. Nut 
 tree, Corylus avellana. 
 
 Hazel, Witch, Hamamelis Virginiana, Sorbus 
 acuparia. 
 
 HAZELRAW, Lichen pulmonarius. 
 
 HEAD, Sax. heapoB, heays, heaved ; the past 
 participle of heapan, 'to heave up.' Caput, 
 Ceph'ule, Cij'be, Poll, (Prov.) Hede, Pow, Scop, 
 (F.) Tete. The head forms the upper extremity 
 of the body, and tops the skeleton. It consists 
 of the cranium and face. The first, which com- 
 prises all the superior and posterior part, has the 
 encephalon in its cavity: the latter forms only 
 the anterior part, and serves as the receptacle for 
 the greater part of the organs of the senses. 
 
 Head, Water ix the. Hydrocephalus. 
 
 Head-Ache, Cephalsea, Cephalalgia — h. Ache, 
 intermittent, Cephalalgia periodica — h. Ache, 
 sick, Cephalaja spasmodica. 
 
 HEADSWOMAN, Midwife. 
 
 HEADY, same etymon as Head. (F.) Cnpiteux. 
 That which inebriates readily. An epithet, ap- 
 plied to wines which possess this quality. 
 
 HEAL, Sanitas. 
 
 HEAL-ALL, Collinsonia Canadensis, Prunella 
 vulgaris, Scrophularia nodosa. 
 
 HEALING, Curative — h. Art, Medicine. 
 
 HEALTH, Sanitas. 
 
 HEALTHY, Salutary. 
 
 HEARING, HARDNESS OF, Deafness — h. 
 Perverse, Paracusis perversa. 
 
 HEART, Sax. heopc. Germ. Her z, Cor, Gear, 
 Cer, Car'dia, xeap, Kr/p, Kap&ta, (F.) C'ceur. An 
 az3'gous muscle, of an irregularly pyramidal 
 shape; situate obliquely and a little to the left 
 side, in the chest; — resting on the diaphragm by 
 one of its surfaces: — suspended by its base from 
 the great vessels ; free and movable in the rest 
 of its extent, and surrounded by the pericardium. 
 The right side of the body of the heart is thin 
 and sharp, and is called Margo acu'tus: the left 
 is thick and round, and termed Margo ohtu's-us. 
 It is hollow within, and contains four cavities; 
 two of which, with thinner and less .fleshy walls, 
 receive the blood from the lungs and the rest of 
 the body, and pour it into two others, with thick 
 and very fleshy parietes, which send it to the 
 lungs and to every part of the body. Of these 
 cavities, the former are called auricles, the latter 
 ventricles. The right auricle and right ventricle 
 form the Pulmonic or right or anterior heart. Cor 
 veno'sum seu jitibnona'le, (F.) Cceur du poumon, 
 C. du sang noir, C. droit, C. anterieur: and the 
 left auricle and ventricle, the systemic, corporeal, 
 left, or aortic heart, Cor arterio'sum seu aor'tl- 
 cum, (F..) Cceur du corps, C. gauche, C. aortique 
 ou C. rouge. In the adult, these are totally dis- 
 tinct from each other, being separated by a parti- 
 tion ; — the septum cordis. Into the right auricle, 
 the venffi cavte, — superior and inferior, — and the 
 coronary vein, open. The pulmonary artery 
 arises from the right ventricle; the four pulmo- 
 
HEART 
 
 449 
 
 HEAT 
 
 nary veins open into the left auricle, and the 
 aorta arises from the left ventricle. 
 
 The mean weight of the heart, in the adult, 
 from the twenty-fifth to the sixtieth year, is, ac- 
 cording to Bouillaud, from eight to nine ounces. 
 The dimensions, according to Lobstein and Bouil- 
 laud, are as follows : — Length, from base to 
 apex, five inches six lines; breadth, at the base, 
 three inches ; thickness of the walls of the left 
 ventricle, seven lines; at a finger's breadth above 
 the apex, four lines ; thickness of the walls of the 
 right ventricle, two and a quarter lines; at the 
 apes, half a line; thickness of right auricle, one 
 line ; of the left auricle, half a line. The heart 
 is covered, externally, by a very thin, membra- 
 nous reflection from the pericardium. The mus- 
 cular structure of which it is constituted is much 
 thicker in the parietes of the ventricle than in 
 those of the auricles. Its cavities are lined by a 
 very delicate membrane, the endocardium, which 
 is continuous with the inner membrane of the 
 arteries, as regards the left cavities, and with that 
 of the veins, as regards the right. Its arteries — 
 the coronary — arise from the commencement of 
 the aorta. Its nerves proceed, chiefly, from the 
 pneumogastric and the cervical ganglions of the 
 great sympathetic. The heart is the great agent 
 in the circulation. By its contraction, the blood 
 is sent over every part of the body. Its action 
 does not seem to be directhj owing to nervous 
 influence received from the iDrain or spinal mar- 
 row, or from both. The circulation may, indeed, 
 be kept up, for some time, if both brain and spi- 
 nal marrow be destroyed. 
 
 When the ear is applied to the chest, a dull, 
 lengthened sound is heard, which is synchronous 
 with the arterial pulse. This is instantly suc- 
 ceeded by a sharp, quick sound, like that of the 
 valve of a bellows or the lapping of a dog, and 
 this is followed by a period of repose. The first 
 sound appears to be mainly produced by the con- 
 traction of the ventricles; the second, by the re- 
 flux of the blood against the semilunar valves. 
 These are what are called the Sounds of the 
 Heart, (F.) Bruits du Coeur. Dr. C. J. B. Wil- 
 liams thinks that the word hilb-dap conveys a 
 notion of the two sounds. The Beating or Jm- 
 pidse of the heart, Heart-stroke, Pulsus seu Ictus 
 cordis, (F.) Impulsion du Coeur, against the pari- 
 etes of the chest, is mainly caused, perhaps, by 
 the systole of the heart, which tends to project it 
 forwards. It is doubted, however, by some, 
 whether the impulsion be produced by the dila- 
 tation or the contraction of the ventricles. 
 
 The following table exhibits the difi'erent ac- 
 tions of the heart, and their coincidence with its 
 sounds and impulse. It presumes, that the period 
 from the commencement of one pulsation to that 
 of another is divided into eight parts; and if the 
 case of a person, whose pulse beats sixty times 
 in a minute, be taken, each of these parts will 
 represent the eighth of a second. 
 
 Eighths of a Second. 
 
 Last part of the pause....!. ..Auricles contracting; 
 ventricles distend- 
 ed. 
 
 First sound and impulsed... Ventricles contract- 
 ing; auricles dilat- 
 
 Second sound 2... Ventricles dilating; 
 
 auricles dilating. 
 Pause 1... Ventricles dilating; 
 
 auricles distended. 
 
 The heart is subject to difi'erent organic dis- 
 eases; the chief of which are aneurism, contrac- 
 tion of the apertures, and rupture of its parietes. 
 
 Heart, At'rophy op the, Atroph'ia seu Ari- 
 29 
 
 j du' ra seu Phthisis Cordis, Cardintroph' ia, Acar- 
 I diotroph'ia. A condition of the organ in which 
 I there is diminution in the thickness of the pari- 
 ! etes of the whole organ. 
 
 Heart, Beating of the, see Heart — h. Dila- 
 tation of the, see Aneurism — h. Displacement of 
 the, Ectopia Cordis — h. Fatty, Steatosis cordis. 
 
 Heart, Hy'pertrophy of the, Hypertroph'ia 
 Cordis, Hypercor' dia, Hypersarco' sis Cordis, Hy- 
 percardiotroph'ia, Cardiaux'e, Aneurys'ma cor- 
 dis acti'vum (Corvisart), Cor bovi'iium seu tauri'- 
 num, Snor'mitas cordis, (F.) Hypertrojihie du 
 Coeur. Supernutrition of the muscular parietes 
 of the heart, which are thicker than usual ; the 
 cavities being generally diminished. The phys- 
 ical signs which indicate it are the following. In 
 cases of long standing, the prtecordial region is 
 generally prominent; the pulsations of the heart 
 are visible over a greater extent than natural; 
 and a marked vibration is communicated to the 
 hand when placed on the cardiac region. The 
 dull sound on percussion is more extensive than 
 natural; and on auscultation there is a perma- 
 nent increase of the force and extent of the 
 heart's action ; there is no increase, however, of 
 frequency, and the rhythm is regular. The pulse 
 is generally strong, full, and hard. 
 
 Heart, Hypertrophy with Dilatatiox of 
 THE, Active an'eurism, Eccen'tric hy'pertrophy. 
 In this affection, the pulsations can be seen and 
 felt over a larger space, and the apex is more to 
 the left and lower down than natural. The im- 
 pulse is less steadj', but at times more violent 
 than that which accompanies simple hypertrophy. 
 Percussion gives more distinct evidence of the 
 enlargement, the sound being more extensively 
 dull. On auscultation, >,he impulse is often vio- 
 lent, but irregular : in extreme cases, it produces 
 the sensation of a large mass of flesh rolling or 
 revolving beneath the ear. The pulse is strong, 
 full, and vibratory. The shock of the heart's ac- 
 tion is often transmitted to the whole person, and 
 to the bed on which the patient is lying. 
 
 Heart, Concentric Hypertrophy of the, 
 (F.) Hypertrophie concentrique, Hypertrophic 
 centripete du Coeur, Petrait ventricidaire, Cardi- 
 arctie, is when the parietes augment at the ex- 
 pense of the cavities. 
 
 Heart, Impulse of the, see Heart — h. Neu- 
 ralgia of the, Angina Pectoris — h. Rupture of the, 
 Cardiorrhexis — h. Sounds of the, see Heart — h. 
 Stroke, see Heart. 
 
 HEART'S EASE, Polygonum persicaria, Viola 
 tricolor. 
 
 HEARTS, LYMPH, Lymphatic hearts— h. 
 Lymphatic, Lymphatic hearts. 
 
 HEARTAXES, Ardor ventriculi. 
 
 HEARTBURN, Ardor ventriculi, Cardialgia. 
 
 HEARTSCALD, Ardor ventriculi. 
 
 HEART-SCIRTS, Diaphragm. 
 
 HEARTWORT, Laserpitium album. 
 
 HEAT, past participle of Sax. hgetan, 'to make 
 warm.' Calor, Therma, -Stp/ij?. (F.) Chaleur. 
 The material cause, which produces the sensa- 
 tion — ^or the particular sensation itself — produced 
 by a body of an elevated temperature, on our or- 
 gans, especially on the organs of touch. Modern 
 chymists have given the name Calor' ic to the 
 principle, whatever may be its nature, which is 
 the cause of heat. When we touch a body of a 
 temperature superior to our own, a portion of 
 caloric passes from the body to the hand, and 
 produces the sensation of heat. If, on the con- 
 trary, we touch a body of a temperature inferior 
 to our own, we communicate a portion of our 
 caloric to it, and experience the sensation oi cold. 
 Our own sensations are but imperfect indexes of 
 temperature. Two men meeting at the middle 
 i of a mountain, — the one ascending, the other de- 
 
HEAT 
 
 450 
 
 HEAT 
 
 gcending, — will experience different sensations. 
 The one ascending, passes from a warmer to a 
 colder atmosphere; — the one descending from a 
 colder to a warmer. 
 
 The chief instrument for measuring heat, used 
 
 in medicine, is the thermometer. Of this there 
 are three kinds: — that of Fahrenheit, that of 
 Reaumur, and that of Celsius or the Centigrade, 
 The following Table exhibits the correspondence 
 of these different thermometric scales. 
 
 Fah. 
 
 Keau. 
 
 Centig. 
 
 Fah. 
 
 R6au. 
 
 Centig. 
 
 F.ah. 
 
 Keau. 
 
 Centig. 
 
 Fah. 
 
 E6au. 
 
 Centig. 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 212a 
 
 80.00 
 
 100.00 
 
 148 
 
 51.55 
 
 64.44 
 
 85 
 
 23.55 
 
 29.44 
 
 22 
 
 — 4.44 
 
 — 5.55 
 
 211 
 
 79.55 
 
 99.44 
 
 147 
 
 51.11 
 
 63.88 
 
 84 
 
 23.11 
 
 28.88 
 
 21 
 
 — 4.88 
 
 — 6.11 
 
 2106 
 
 79.11 
 
 98.88 
 
 146 
 
 50.66 
 
 63.33 
 
 83 
 
 22.66 
 
 28.33 
 
 20m 
 
 — 5.33 
 
 — 6.66 
 
 209 
 
 78.66 
 
 98.33 
 
 145 
 
 50.22 
 
 62.77 
 
 82 
 
 22.22 
 
 27.77 
 
 19 
 
 — 5.77' 
 
 — 7.22 
 
 208 
 
 78.22 
 
 97.77 
 
 144 
 
 49.77 
 
 62.22 
 
 81o 
 
 21.77 
 
 27.22 
 
 18 
 
 — 6.22 
 
 — 7.77 
 
 207 
 
 77.77 
 
 97.22 
 
 143 
 
 49.33 
 
 61.66 
 
 SO 
 
 21.33 
 
 26.66 
 
 17 
 
 — 6.66 
 
 — 8.33 
 
 206 
 
 77.33 
 
 96.66 
 
 1425r 
 
 48.88 
 
 61.11 
 
 79 
 
 20.88 
 
 26.11 
 
 16 
 
 — 7.11 
 
 — 8.88 
 
 205 
 
 76.88 
 
 96.11 
 
 141 
 
 48.44 
 
 60.55 
 
 78 
 
 20.44 
 
 25.55 
 
 15 
 
 — 7.65 
 
 — 9.44 
 
 204 
 
 76.44 
 
 95.65 
 
 140 
 
 48.00 
 
 60.00 
 
 77 
 
 20.00 
 
 25.00 
 
 14 
 
 — 8.00 
 
 —10.00 
 
 203 
 
 76.00 
 
 95.00 
 
 139 
 
 47.55 
 
 .59.44 
 
 76p 
 
 19.55 
 
 24.44 
 
 13 
 
 — 8.44 
 
 —10.55 
 
 202 
 
 75.55 
 
 94.44 
 
 138 
 
 47.11 
 
 58.88 
 
 75 
 
 19.11 
 
 23.88 
 
 12 
 
 — 8.88 
 
 —11.11 
 
 201 
 
 75.11 
 
 93.88 
 
 137 
 
 46.66 
 
 68.33 
 
 74 
 
 18.66 
 
 23.33 
 
 11 
 
 — 9.33 
 
 —11.66 
 
 200 
 
 74.66 
 
 93.33 
 
 136 
 
 46.22 
 
 57.77 
 
 73 
 
 18.22 
 
 22.77 
 
 10 
 
 — 9.77 
 
 —12.22 
 
 199 
 
 74.22 
 
 92.77 
 
 135 
 
 45.77 
 
 57.22 
 
 72 
 
 17.77 
 
 22 22 
 
 9 
 
 —10.22 
 
 —12.77 
 
 198 
 
 73.77 
 
 92.22 
 
 134 
 
 45.33 
 
 56.66 
 
 71 
 
 17.33 
 
 21.66 
 
 8 
 
 —10.66 
 
 —13.33 
 
 197 
 
 73.33 
 
 91.66 
 
 1337J 
 
 44.84 
 
 56.11 
 
 70 
 
 16.88 
 
 21.11 
 
 7d 
 
 —11.11 
 
 -13.88 
 
 196c 
 
 72.88 
 
 91.11 
 
 132 
 
 44.45 
 
 56.55 
 
 69 
 
 16.44 
 
 20.55 
 
 6 
 
 —11.55 
 
 -14.44 
 
 195 
 
 72.44 
 
 90.55 
 
 131 
 
 44.00 
 
 55.00 
 
 68 
 
 16.00 
 
 20.00 
 
 5 
 
 —12.00 
 
 --15.00 
 
 194 
 
 72.00 
 
 90.00 
 
 130 
 
 43.55 
 
 64.44 
 
 67 
 
 15.55 
 
 19.44 
 
 4 
 
 —12.44 
 
 —16.55 
 
 193 
 
 71.55 
 
 89.44 
 
 129 
 
 43.11 
 
 63.88 
 
 66 
 
 15.11 
 
 18.88 
 
 3 
 
 —12.88 
 
 —16.11 
 
 192 
 
 71.11 
 
 ■ 88.88 
 
 128 
 
 42.66 
 
 53.33 
 
 65 
 
 14.66 
 
 18.33 
 
 2 
 
 —13.33 
 
 —16.66 
 
 191 
 
 70.66 
 
 88.33 
 
 127 
 
 42.22 
 
 52.77 
 
 64 
 
 14.22 
 
 17.77 
 
 1 
 
 —13.77 
 
 —17,22 
 
 190 
 
 70.22 
 
 87.77 
 
 126 
 
 41.77 
 
 52.22 
 
 63 
 
 13.77 
 
 17.22 
 
 
 
 —14.22 
 
 —17.77 ! 
 
 1 189 
 
 69.77 
 
 87.22 
 
 125 
 
 41.33 
 
 51.66 
 
 62 
 
 13.33 
 
 16.66 
 
 — 1 
 
 —14.66 
 
 —18.33 
 
 , 188 
 
 69.33 
 
 86.66 
 
 124 
 
 40.88 
 
 51.11 
 
 61 
 
 12.88 
 
 16.11 
 
 — 2W 
 
 —15.11 
 
 —18.88 
 
 ' 187 
 
 68.88 
 
 86.11 
 
 123 
 
 40.44 
 
 50.55 
 
 60 
 
 12.44 
 
 15.65 
 
 — 3 
 
 —16.55 
 
 —19.44 
 
 186 
 
 68.44 
 
 85.55 
 
 122 
 
 40.00 
 
 50.00 
 
 59 
 
 12.00 
 
 15.00 
 
 — 4 
 
 —16.00 
 
 —20.00 
 
 185 
 
 68.00 
 
 85.00 
 
 121 
 
 39.55 
 
 49.44 
 
 68 
 
 11.55 
 
 14.44 
 
 — 5 
 
 —16.4.4 
 
 —20.55 
 
 184 
 
 67.55 
 
 84.44 
 
 120 
 
 39.11 
 
 48.88 
 
 57 
 
 11.11 
 
 13.88 
 
 — 6 
 
 -16.88 
 
 —21.11 
 
 183 
 
 67.11 
 
 83.88 
 
 119 
 
 38.66 
 
 48.33 
 
 56 
 
 10.66 
 
 13.33 
 
 — Ix 
 
 —17.33 
 
 —21.66 
 
 182 
 
 66.66 
 
 83..33 
 
 118 
 
 38.22 
 
 47.77 
 
 55 
 
 10.22 
 
 12.77 
 
 — 8 
 
 —17.77 
 
 —22.22 
 
 181 
 
 66.22 
 
 82.77 
 
 117 
 
 37.77 
 
 47.22 
 
 54 
 
 9.77 
 
 12.22 
 
 — 9 
 
 —18.22 
 
 —22.77 
 
 180 
 
 65.77 
 
 82.22 
 
 116 
 
 37.33 
 
 46.06 
 
 53 
 
 9.33 
 
 11^66 
 
 —10 
 
 —18.66 
 
 —23.33 
 
 179 
 
 65.33 
 
 81.66 
 
 115 
 
 36.88 
 
 46.11 
 
 52 
 
 8.88 
 
 11.11 
 
 -\\y 
 
 —19.11 
 
 —23.88 
 
 178d 
 
 64.88 
 
 81.11 
 
 114 
 
 36.44 
 
 45.65 
 
 51 
 
 8.44 
 
 10.65 
 
 —12 
 
 —19.55 
 
 —24 44 
 
 177 
 
 64.44 
 
 80.55 
 
 113 
 
 36.00 
 
 45.00 
 
 50? 
 
 8.00 
 
 10.00 
 
 —13 
 
 —20.00 
 
 —25 00 
 
 176 
 
 64.00 
 
 80.00 
 
 112 
 
 35.55 
 
 44.44 
 
 49 
 
 7.55 
 
 9.44 
 
 —14 
 
 —20.44 
 
 —26 55 
 
 175 
 
 63.55 
 
 79.44 
 
 111 
 
 85.11 
 
 43.88 
 
 48 
 
 7.11 
 
 8.88 
 
 —15 
 
 —20.88 
 
 —26 11 
 
 174e 
 
 63.11 
 
 78.88 
 
 llOi 
 
 34.66 
 
 43.33 
 
 47 
 
 6.66 
 
 8.33 
 
 —16 
 
 —21.33 
 
 —26 66 
 
 173 
 
 62.66 
 
 78.33 
 
 109 
 
 34.22 
 
 42.77 
 
 46 
 
 6.22 
 
 7.77 
 
 —17 
 
 —21.77 
 
 —27.22 
 
 172 
 
 62.22 
 
 77.77 
 
 108 
 
 33.77 
 
 42.22 
 
 45 
 
 5.77 
 
 7.22 
 
 —18 
 
 —22.22 
 
 —27.77 
 
 171 
 
 61.77 
 
 77.22 
 
 107 
 
 33.33 
 
 41.60 
 
 44 
 
 5.33 
 
 6.66 
 
 —19 
 
 —22.66 
 
 —28.33 
 
 170 
 
 61..33 
 
 76.66 
 
 1067 
 
 32.88 
 
 41.11 
 
 43 
 
 4.88 
 
 6.11 
 
 —20 
 
 —23.11 
 
 -28.88 
 
 169 
 
 60.88 
 
 76.11 
 
 105 
 
 32.44 
 
 40.55 
 
 42 
 
 4.44 
 
 5. .55 
 
 —21 
 
 —23.55 
 
 — 29.4t 
 
 168 
 
 60.44 
 
 75.55 
 
 104/i; 
 
 32.00 
 
 40.00 
 
 41 
 
 4.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 —22 
 
 —24.00 
 
 —30.00 
 
 167/ 
 
 60.00 
 
 75.00 
 
 103 
 
 31.55 
 
 39.44 
 
 40 
 
 3.55 
 
 4.44 
 
 —23 
 
 —24.44 
 
 —30.55 
 
 166 
 
 59.55 
 
 74.44 
 
 102Z 
 
 31.11 
 
 38.88 
 
 39 
 
 3.11 
 
 3.88 
 
 —24 
 
 —24.88 
 
 —31.11 
 
 165 
 
 59.11 
 
 73.88 
 
 101 
 
 30.66 
 
 38..33 
 
 38 
 
 2.06 
 
 3.33 
 
 —25 
 
 —25.33 
 
 —31.69 
 
 164 
 
 58.66 
 
 73.33 
 
 loom 
 
 30.22 
 
 37.77 
 
 37 
 
 2.22 
 
 2.77 
 
 —26 
 
 —25.77 
 
 —.32.22 
 
 163 
 
 58.22 
 
 72.77 
 
 99 
 
 29.77 
 
 37.22 
 
 36 
 
 1.77 
 
 2.22 
 
 —27 
 
 —26.22 
 
 —32.77 
 
 162 
 
 57.77 
 
 72.22 
 
 98n 
 
 29.33 
 
 30l66 
 
 35 
 
 1.33 
 
 1.66 
 
 —28 
 
 —26.66 
 
 —33.33 
 
 161 
 
 57.33 
 
 7l!66 
 
 97 
 
 28.88 
 
 36.11 
 
 34 
 
 0.88 
 
 1.11 
 
 —29 
 
 —27.11 
 
 —33.88 
 
 160 
 
 56.88 
 
 71.11 
 
 96 
 
 28.44 
 
 35.55 
 
 33 
 
 0.44 
 
 0.55 
 
 —30 
 
 —27.55 
 
 —34.44 
 
 159 
 
 56.44 
 
 70.55 
 
 95 
 
 28.00 
 
 35.00 
 
 32r 
 
 0.00 
 
 0.00 
 
 —31 
 
 —28.84 
 
 —35.00 
 
 158 
 
 56.00 
 
 70.00 
 
 94 
 
 27.55 
 
 34.44 
 
 31 
 
 —0.^14 
 
 —0.55 
 
 —32 
 
 —28.00 
 
 —35.65 
 
 157 
 
 55.55 
 
 69.44 
 
 93 
 
 27.11 
 
 33.88 
 
 30s 
 
 —0.88 
 
 —1.61 
 
 —33 
 
 -28.88 
 
 —36.18 
 
 156 
 
 55.11 
 
 08.88 
 
 92 
 
 26.06 
 
 33.33 
 
 29 
 
 —1.33 
 
 —1.66 
 
 —34 
 
 —29.33 
 
 —36.66 
 
 155 
 
 54.66 
 
 6S..33 
 
 91 
 
 26.22 
 
 32.77 
 
 28i! 
 
 —1.77 
 
 2 22 
 
 —35 
 
 —29.77 
 
 —37.22 
 
 154 
 
 54.22 
 
 67.77 
 
 90 
 
 25.77 
 
 32.22 
 
 27 
 
 —2.22 
 
 — 2'.77 
 
 —36 
 
 —30.22 
 
 —.-57.77 
 
 153 
 
 53.77 
 
 67.22 
 
 89 
 
 25.33 
 
 31.66 
 
 26 
 
 —2.66 
 
 —3.33 
 
 -57 
 
 —30.66 
 
 —38.23 
 
 152 
 
 53.33 
 
 66.66 
 
 88 
 
 24.88 
 
 31.11 
 
 25 
 
 —3.11 
 
 —3.88 
 
 —38 
 
 —31.11 
 
 —38.88 
 
 151 
 
 52.88 
 
 66.11 
 
 87 
 
 24,44 
 
 30.55 
 
 24 
 
 —3.55 
 
 —4.44 
 
 —392 
 
 —31.55 
 
 —39.44 
 
 150 
 
 52.44 
 
 65.55 
 
 86 
 
 24.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 23 
 
 —4.00 
 
 —5.00 
 
 —40 
 
 —32.00 
 
 —40.00 
 
 ( 149 
 
 52.00 
 
 65.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a Water boils (Barnm. 30 inches.) 
 
 b Heat of a stoTe, borne by Dr. So- 
 lander. 
 
 c Heat of a stove, borne for 10 mi- 
 nutes by Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. 
 Solander. 
 
 d Water simmers. 
 
 e Alcohol boils. 
 
 J' Very pure ether distils. 
 
 g Bees' wax melts. 
 
 h Spermaceti melts. 
 
 i Temperature >at which liquids 
 arc often drunk. 
 
 j Heat observed in Scarlatina. 
 
 k Temperature of the common ben. 
 
 I Temperature of arterial blood. [?] 
 
 m Temperature of venous blood. 
 Phaophorus melts. 
 
 n Ether lioils. o Nitric ether boils. 
 
 X) Muriatic ether boils. 
 
 g Medium temperature of the 
 globe. r Ice melts. 
 
 .I Milk freezes. 
 
 t Yiiiegar freezes. 
 
 w Strong wine freezes. 
 
 V A mixture of one part of alcoho? 
 and three of water freezes. 
 
 IV Cold at the battle of Eylau, 1807 
 
 X A mixture of equal parts of al- 
 cohol and water freezes. 
 
 ?/ A mixture of two parts of alco- 
 hol and ont Of water freezes. 
 
 z Melting point of quicksilver. 
 
 To reduce Centigrade degrees to those of Fah- 
 renheit, multiply by 9, divide by 5, and add 32; 
 thus, 40° Cei>t. X 9 -H 5 -f 32 = 104° Fahr. To 
 reduce Fahrenheit's degrees to those of Centigrade, 
 subtract 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9 : thus, 
 
 104° Fahr.— 32 X 5 ^ 9 = 40° Cent. To re- 
 duce Reaumur's degrees to those of Fahrenheit, 
 multiply by 9, divide by 4, and add" 32; thus, 32' 
 Reaum. X 9 -f- 4 + 32 = 104° F"hr. To reduce 
 Fahrenheit's degrees to those of Riaumiir, subtract 
 
HEAT 
 
 451 
 
 HECTIC FEVER 
 
 S2, multiply by 4, and divide by 9 : thus, 104° 
 Pair. — 32 X 4 -f- 9 = 32 Reatim.. To reduce 
 Meaumur's degrees to those of Centigrade, multi- 
 ply bj' 5, and divide by 4: thus 32° Riawn. 
 X 5 -i- 4 = 40° Cent. ; and, lastly, to reduce Cen- 
 tigrade degrees to those of Reaumur, multiply by 
 4. and divide by 5 : thus, 40° Cent. X 4 -^ 5 = 32° 
 lleaum. 
 
 rahrenlieit. Centigrade. Eeaumur. 
 
 Thermometers. 
 
 The human body can bear a high degree of 
 heat diffused in the atmosphere. There are cases 
 on record, where air of 400° and upwards, of 
 Fahrenheit's scale, has been breathed with im- 
 punity for a short time. It can likewise with- 
 stand very severe cold. In the expedition of 
 Capt. Back to the Arctic regions, the thermome- 
 ter was as low as — 70° of Fahr., and Sir George 
 Simpson affirms, that it has fallen in Siberia to 
 ■ — S3°, or 115° below the freezing point. Dr. 
 Kane, in the Arctic regions, in 1853-54, observed 
 the range of eleven spirit thermometers, selected 
 as standards, to vary from — 60° to — 75°. The 
 mean annual temperature was 6°. 2 — the lowest 
 ever registered. 
 
 Excessive heat disposes the body to gastric 
 and intestinal diseases, and particularly to in- 
 flammation and enlargement of the liver ; hence, 
 the frequency of such affections within the torrid 
 zone. Heat is often used therapeutically : the 
 actual cautery, at a white heat, disorganizes the 
 parts to which it is applied : a lesser degree occa- 
 sions violent inflammation. Heat higher than 
 that of the human body is excitant; of a lower 
 degree, sedative. Excessive cold acts as a power- 
 ful sedative — inducing sleep, the tendency to 
 which, after long exposure, becomes irresistible. 
 See Cold. Many of the topical applications — as 
 cataplasms — act wholly by virtue of their warmth 
 and moisture. 
 
 Heat, Ardor vene'reus, Prtiri' tuSy^F .) Chaleurs, 
 Chaleurs des Animaux, Rut, is the periodical sex- 
 ual desire experienced by animals, — CEstrua'tion. 
 It is supposed by some to be owing to the periodi- 
 cal maturation and discharge of ova, — Omda'tion. 
 
 Heat, Acrid, see Acrid — h. Animal, see Ani- 
 mal Heat. 
 
 Heat Apoplexy, see Coup-de-soleil. 
 
 Heat, Inter'nal, (F.) Chaleur interne, is a 
 sensation of heat felt by the patient, but not sen- 
 sible to the touch. External heat, (F.) Chaleur 
 exterieure, that which can be felt by others. 
 Heat, Ardor, is called moist, (P.) halitexise. when 
 
 accompanied with moisture, like that felt after 
 bathing; rfc^, (F.) secfte, when the skin has not 
 its ordinary softness. It is called acrid and pun- 
 gent, (F.) acre et mordicaute, when it conveys a 
 disagreeable tingling to the fingers. The French 
 employ the terms nervous heat and errat'ic heat, 
 Chaleur nerveuse and Chaleur erratique, for that 
 which comes by flushes, alternating with chills, 
 and which moves rapidly from one part to an- 
 other. M. Double has used the term septic heat, 
 (F.) Chaleur septique, for that which produces a 
 pungent sensation on the hand, similar to that 
 of the acrid heat, but milder and more uniform, 
 and which is accompanied with feebleness and 
 frequency of pulse, &c. 
 
 Heat, Prickly, Lichen tropicus. 
 HEATH, COMiMON, Erica vulgaris. 
 HEATHER, Erica vulgaris. 
 HEATHER-CLU, Malleolus. 
 HEAUTOPHONICS, see Autophonia. 
 HEAVINESS, Somnolency. 
 HEAVING, Vomiturition. 
 HEAVY, Grams, (F.) Gravafif, from Sax. 
 heapan, ' to heave.' An epithet given to any 
 pain which consists in a sensation of weight or 
 heaviness, or is accompanied by such sensation. 
 HEBDOMADAL CYCLE, see Cycle. 
 HEBDOMADARIA, Octana. 
 HEBE, 't;/3i7, Juven'ta, Juven'tas, Jacen'tns, 
 Hora. In antiquity, the goddess of puberty. 
 The word has been employed to designate, 1. 
 The first hair that grows on the pubes, 2. The 
 pubic resion, and 3. Puberty. 
 HEBETES, Adolescens. 
 HEBETOR, Adolescens. 
 
 HEBETUDO ANIMI, Imbecility — h. Den- 
 tium, Hsemodia — h. Visus, Amblyopia, Astheno- 
 pia, Caligo. 
 
 HEBRADENDRON CAMBOGIOIDES, sec 
 Cambogia. 
 
 HEBREWS, MED'ICINE OF THE. Medi- 
 cine seems to have been at a very low ebb with 
 the ancient Hebrews. Of anatomy they knew 
 nothing. Their physiology was imperfect and 
 filled with superstitions; and their therapeuficn 
 unsatisfactory. Hygiene appears to have been 
 most attended to. Of the other departments of 
 medicine we cannot judge of their knowledge. 
 
 HECATOMA PALUSTRIS, Ranunculus sce- 
 leratus. 
 
 HECATOMPHYLLUM, Rosa centifolia 
 HECH, Anhelatio. 
 HECKBERRY, Prunus padus. 
 HEC'TEUS, 'cKTtvs. A Greek measure, con- 
 taining about 72 chopines or pints. 
 
 HECTIC FEVER, Febris hec'tica sen jihthis'- 
 ica sen marasmo'des seu tah'ida seu lenta seu 
 amphimer'ina hec'tica seu amato'ria, Hecticop'- 
 yra, Hecticopyr' etos, Hec'tica, Awp)himer'ina hec'.- 
 tica, Syntecop' yra, Syntecticop' yra, Marasnwp' - 
 yra, Leucopyr'ia, Epan'etus hec'tica, Ckloro'si» 
 amato'ria, Ettiek, (Sc.) Ethik, Etick, (F.) Fievre 
 Hectique ou Etique, from 'c^is, ' habit of body ;' 
 because in this disease every part of the body is 
 emaciated ; or, perhaps, from tKTtjKui, ' I consume,' 
 * I am exhausted.' The name of a slow, continued, 
 or remittent fever, which generally accompanies 
 the end of organic affections, and has been es- 
 teemed idiopathic, although it is probably always 
 symptomatic. It is the fever of irritation and 
 debility; and is characterized by progressive ema- 
 ciation, frequent pulse, hot skin, — especially of 
 the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, — 
 and, towards the end, colliquative sweats and 
 diarrhoea. Being symptomatic, it can only be 
 removed by getting rid of the original affection. 
 This is generally diflicult, and almost hopeless in 
 the disease which it most commonly accompa- 
 nies, — consumption. 
 
HECTICA 
 
 452 
 
 HELICINE 
 
 HECTICA, Hectic Fever— h. Infantilis, Fever, 
 infantile remittent. 
 HECTICOPYRA, Hectic fever. 
 HECTICOPYRETOS, Hectic fever. 
 HEC'TISIS, (F.) Etiste. Same etymon. The 
 itate of those who have hectic fever. 
 
 HECTOGRAMME, Hectogram' ma, from 'cKa- 
 Tov, 'a hundred,' and ypafifna. A measure of 100 
 grammes, i. e., 3 ounces, 1 drachm, and 44 grains, 
 Troy. 
 
 HECTOLITRE. A measure containing 100 
 litres or 26.42 wine pints. 
 HECUSIUS, Voluntary. 
 
 HEDEO'MA, Hedeo'ma pnlegioVdes, Cimi'la 
 pulecjio'i'des, Ifelis'sa j^^degio'ides, Penvyroyal, 
 Tickweed, Stinking Balm, Si/uawmint. Sex. Syst. 
 Diandria Monogynia ; Not. Ord. Labiatse. From 
 'ribvs, 'agreeable.' An indigenous plant, common 
 in all parts of the United States, and which, 
 where it is abundant, perfumes the air for a con- 
 siderable distance. It is employed in the same 
 cases as the mints and the English pennyroyal. 
 In popular practice it is used as an emmenagogue. 
 
 The O'leum Hedeo'mcB (Ph. U. S.) or Oil of 
 Pennyroyal is used as a stimulating carminative, 
 dropped on sugar. Dose, 2 to 6 drops. 
 
 HEDERA ARBOREA, H. Helix. 
 
 Hed'era Helix, Hed'era arbo'rea, B^o'cJtic.a, 
 Cissos, Kiaaog, Cittos, kittos, Ed' era, Corymbe'tra, 
 Corym'hos, (Sc.) Bindioood, Ivy, (F.) Lierre, L. 
 Commtin ou grimpnnt. Ord. Araliaceaj. The 
 taste of ivy leaves is bitter, styptic, and nauseous. 
 They are not used in medicine. According to 
 Ilaller, they were recommended in Germany 
 against the atrophy of children ; and the common 
 people of England sometimes apply them to run- 
 ning sores and to keep issues open. The berries 
 were supposed, by the ancients, to have an emetic 
 and purgative quality; and a watery extract was 
 made from them, called by Quercetanus Extrac- 
 tiini 2mrgans. From the stalk of the tree a re- 
 sinous juice exudes, in warm climates, called 
 Gnmmi Hed'era, Ivy Gam, (P.) Gomme de lierre, 
 Resine de lierre. It is possessed of tonic and 
 astringent properties, but is not used. 
 
 Hedera Terrestris, Glechoma hederaeea. 
 
 HEDERULA, Glechoma hederaeea. 
 
 HEDE, Head. 
 
 HEDEVERK, Cephalalgia.' 
 
 HEDEWARK, Cephalalgia. 
 
 HEDISARUM ALHAGI, Agul. 
 
 HEDRA, 'e&pa, 'eSprj, 'a vestige,' 'a seat.' A 
 seat. A fracture of the bones of the cranium, in 
 which the trace of the fracturing instrument is 
 still perceptible. It was, also, used by the an- 
 cients, for the anus, the breech, excrement, a 
 privy, a night-chair, and for the bottom of an 
 abscess. 
 
 HEDROCELE, Proctocele. 
 
 HEDYCH'ROUM, from 'n^vg, 'agreeable,' and 
 Xpoa, 'colour.' A remedy of a pleasant colour. 
 Applied to certain trochs, the chief constituent of 
 which was theriac. 
 
 HEDYPHO'NIA, from Vvf, 'sweet,' and (poivri, 
 'voice.' Sweetness of voice. 
 
 HEDYPNEUS'TUS, Hedyp'vous, from 'n^v;, 
 'sweet,' and ttj/eo), ' I breathe.' Breathing sweetly 
 or softly. Smelling sweetly. 
 
 HEDYPNOIS TARAXACUM, Leontodon ta- 
 raxacum. 
 
 HEDYSARUM ALHAGI, Agul. 
 
 HEDYSMA. Condiment. 
 
 HEEL, see Calcaneum — h. Clubfoot, see Kyl- 
 losis. 
 
 HEGII, Anhelatio. 
 
 HBIL, Sanitas. 
 
 HELCENTERITIS, Dothinenteritis. 
 
 ITELCOC'ACE, Cachelco'ma, from 'c>^kos, 
 
 'ulcer,' and KaKrj, 'badness.' A malignant 
 ulcer. 
 
 HELCODES, Ulcerated, Ulcerous. 
 
 UELCOL'OGY, Heleolog''ia, from 'eXkos, 'ul- 
 cer, and ^oyog, 'discourse.' The doctrine of, or 
 a treatise on, ulcers. 
 
 HELCOMA, Ulcer. 
 
 HBLCOMENIA, Menelcosis. 
 
 HELCOPHTHAL'MIA, OpJtthaVmia ulcero'sa. 
 Ophthalmia with ulceration. 
 
 HEL'COPLASTY, Hel'koplasfy, El'Icoplasfy, 
 Elc'oplasty ; from 'cXkos, 'an ulcer,' and nXaaaa, 
 ' I form.' An operation which consists in grafting 
 on an ulcer a piece of skin from the opposite 
 limb, or from the limb of another person, when 
 the destruction of skin is too great to permit the 
 healing process. 
 
 HEL'COS, from 'sXko;, 'an ulcer.' Hence: 
 
 HELCOSIS, Elcosis, Ulceration —h. Cerebri, 
 Encephalopyosis — h. Laryngis, Phthisis laryngea 
 — h. Pulmonalis, Phthisis pulmonalis — h. Rena- 
 lis, Nephrelcosis — h. Uteri, see Metrophthisis — 
 h. Vesicfe, Cystophthisis. 
 
 HELCOSTAPHYLO'MA, from 't\>co;, 'ulcer,' 
 and aTa(pv\oiiJLa, 'staphyloma.' Staphyloma end- 
 ing in ulceration. 
 
 HELCOXERO'SIS, from 'c),Kog, 'ulcer,' and 
 ^ripiiiaig, 'dryness.' The drying of an ulcer. 
 
 HELCTICA, Epispastics. 
 
 HELCUS, Ulcer. 
 
 HELCYD'RION, Helcyd'riim, 'tlKv&piov, Ul- 
 cns'culum, a small ulcer, a superficial ulceration 
 of the cornea. — Galen, Paulus, Foesius. 
 
 HELCYS'TER, 'ikKvcrnp.. from 'c^kw, ' T draw.' 
 An iron hook or crotchet for extracting the foetus. 
 See Crotchet. 
 
 HELENIUM, Inula helenium. 
 
 Helen'ium Autumna'le, Fohe Sun/lower, 
 Sneezewort, Sneezeweed, Swamp Sunflower, Yel- 
 low star, Ox-eye. Ord. Compositse. An indi- 
 genous herb, with large golden-yellow compound 
 flowers, which appear in August. All its parts 
 are bitter and somewhat acrid, and when snuifed 
 up the nostrils in powder are powerful sternu- 
 tatories. 
 
 HELIAN'THEMUM CANADEN'SB. Cistns 
 Canaden'ais, Erostwort, Frostweed, Frost plant, 
 Back rose. Ord. Cistacese. An herbaceous plant, 
 Helianthemum (Ph. U. S.), having large yellow 
 flowers, which grows in all parts of the United 
 States, and flowers, in the Middle States, in June. 
 It has an astringent, slightly aromatic, and 
 bitterish taste. It has been prescribed in scrofula, 
 but probably is nothing more than an aromatic 
 tonic. 
 
 Helia!^'themum Corymbo'sum, Bock rose, an 
 indigenous plant, is used in the same cases. 
 
 HBLIASIS, Astrabolismus. Insolation. 
 
 HELICH'RYSUM NUDIFO'LIUM, Coffer- 
 tea. A South African plant, Nat. Ord. Compo- 
 sitse, which is demulcent, and, in the form of in- 
 fusion, is recommended in catarrh, phthisis, and 
 other pulmonary affections. 
 
 Helichrysum Serpyllipo'lium, Hottentot's 
 tea, and Helichrysum Auricula'tum have simi- 
 lar virtues. 
 
 HELICIA, Age. 
 
 HEL'ICINE, Helic"hms, HelicoVdes, Helico'- 
 des, from helix, helicis, 'the tendril of the vine.' 
 Resembling in form the tendril of the vine. 
 
 Helicine Arteries of the penis, as described 
 by J. Miiller, are short vessels given off from the 
 larger branches, as well as from the finest twigs 
 of the artery of the organ : most of those come 
 off at a right angle, and project into the cavity 
 of the spongy substance, either terminating ab- 
 ruptly or swelling out into a club-like process 
 without again subdividing. Almost all these 
 vessels are bent like a horn, so that the end de- 
 
HELICIS MAJOR 
 
 4 53 
 
 HEMACHROIN 
 
 scribes half a circle or somewhat more. They 
 have a great resemblance to the tendrils of the 
 vine, whence their name. A minute examina- 
 tion of them, either with the lens or the micro- 
 scope, shows that, although they at all times 
 project into the veaous cavities of the corpora 
 cavernosa, they are not entirely naked, but are 
 covered with a delicate membrane, which, under 
 J the microscope, appears granular. 
 
 HEL'ICIS MAJOR. A muscle of the ear, 
 which originates from the anterior, acute part of 
 the helix, upon which it ascends and is inserted 
 into the helix. It pulls the part into which it is 
 inserted a little downwards and forwards. 
 
 Helicis Minor. This muscle originates from 
 the under and fore part of the helix, and is in- 
 serted into the helix, near the fissure in the carti- 
 lage, opposite the concha. Its use is to contract 
 
 HELICOfDES, Helieine. 
 
 HELICOTRE'MA, from 'tAif, 'helix, cochlea,' 
 and Tprifia, 'a foramen.' The hole by which the 
 two scalee of the cochlea communicate at the apex. 
 
 HELIENCEPHALITIS, see Coup de Soleil. 
 
 HELIGMUS, Convolution. 
 
 HELIKIA, Age. 
 
 HELIONOSIS, Insolation. 
 
 HELIOSCIADIUM NODIFLORUM, Slum 
 nodifiorum. 
 
 HELIOSIS, Astrabolismus, Insolation. 
 
 HELIOTROPE, Heliotropium Europaeum. 
 
 HELIOTROPIOISr, Cichorium intybus. 
 
 HELIOTRO'PIUM EUROP^'UM, H. erec- 
 tmn seu canes'cens seu supi'niim, Verruca' ria. 
 The He'liotrope, (F.) Toiii-nesol, Herhe aux ver- 
 rups. Orel. Boraginacese. This plant is con- 
 sidered to possess aperient properties; and to be 
 capable of destroj'ing cutaneous excrescences ; 
 hence one of its names. 
 
 Heliotropium In'uicum, an East India plant, 
 naturalized in some of the Western and Southern 
 States, probably has similar virtues. 
 
 HELIX, 'tXif, Capre'olus, from ti^ttv, 'to 
 envelop,' 'to roll.' The fold is thus called, 
 which forms the outer circumferance or ring of 
 the external ear. 
 
 Helix, Limax. 
 
 Helix Pomatia, (F.) Limaqon, Colimai^on, Es- 
 cargot. A large kind of snail, transported from 
 the south of Europe to England by. Sir Kenelmo 
 Digby, for his lady when in a decline. It was 
 con-sidered highly restorative. 
 
 HELLA, Incubus. 
 
 HELLEBORASTER, Helleborus fcetidus — h. 
 Poetidus, Helleborus fcetidus. 
 
 HELLEBORE, Dracontium foetidum— h. Arae- 
 rican,Veratrum viride — h. Black, Helleborus niger 
 — li. Blanc, Veratrum album — h. Green, Helle- 
 borus viridis — h. Noir, Helleborus niger — h. 
 Stinking, Helleborus fcetidus — h. Swamp, Vera- 
 trum viride — h. White, Veratrum album. 
 
 HELLEBORIS'MUS, EUeboris'-mus. The me- 
 thod of treating disease, amongst the ancients, bj' 
 hellebore. This comprised not only the choice, 
 preparation, and administration of the medicine, 
 but, likewise, the knowledge and employment of 
 preliminary precautions and remedies proper for 
 aiding its action, and preventing the pernicious 
 effects which it might occasion. 
 
 HELLEBORUS, H. niger— h. Albus, Veratrum 
 album — h. Grandiflorus, H. niger — h. Trifolius, 
 Coptis. 
 
 Helleb'orus Fce'tidus, Hellehoras'ter, Elle- 
 ioraster, Stinhing Hel'lehore or Bear's font, Set- 
 terwort, (F.) Hellebore ou Ellebore /elide, Pied de 
 Griffon. Ord. Ranunculacese. The leaves of 
 this plant are said to be anthelmintic. The 
 Bmell of the fresh plant is extremely fotid, and 
 
 the taste bitter and acrid. It usually acts as a 
 cathartic. 
 
 Helleborus Niger, H. grandiflo'rus, Elleb'- 
 orus niger, Meiampo' dium, Jfelanorrhi'zum, Ec'- 
 tomon, Black HeVlebore, 3/elampode, Christmas 
 Rose, Clove-tongue, (F.) Hellebore noir. The 
 root of this European plant- — Helleborus, (Ph. 
 U. S.) — has a disagreeable odour, and bitter, 
 acrid taste. It is possessed of cathartic proper- 
 ties, and has been recommended as an emmena- 
 gogue. It has been given in mania, melancholia, 
 dropsy, suppressed menses, &c. Dose, gr. x to 
 9j, as a cathartic. 
 
 Helleborus Vir'idis, Green Hellebore. A 
 European plant, naturalized on Long Island, has 
 similar properties to the last. 
 
 HELLECEBRA, Sedum. 
 
 HELLENIA GRANDIFLORA, Costus. 
 
 HELMET-FLOWER, YELLOW, Aconitum 
 Anthora. 
 
 HELMET POD, Jeffersonia Bartoni. 
 
 HELMINS, gemi\ve,Hehninthos, plur. Helmin'- 
 tJies seu Elmin'tlies, from 'tXjiivi, ' a worm.' A 
 worm; anentozoon: — hence: 
 
 HELMINTHAGOGUE, Anthelmintic. 
 
 HELMINTHI, Worms. 
 
 HELMINTHIA, Helminthiasis — h. Alvi, 
 Worms. 
 
 Helmin'thia Errat'ica. Worms, introduced 
 by accident and without finding a proper habita- 
 tion in the stomach or intestines ; producing 
 spasmodic colic, with severe tormina, and oc- 
 casionally vomiting or ejections of blood; the 
 12th genus of the order Enterica, class Coiliaea, 
 of Good. 
 
 Helminthia Podicis, Worms. 
 
 HELMINTHI'ASIS, Helmintliogen'esis. A 
 generic name for the condition which gives occa- 
 sion to the presence of intestinal worms. It is, 
 also, called Helmin'tJiia, Vennina'tio, 3Iorbus ver- 
 I mino'sus, Status verrnino'sus, Sabur'ra vermino'sa, 
 Scoleci'asis, ScoJece'sis, Entozoogen'esis, Parasi- 
 tis'mrisintestina'lisj Worm disease, Invermina'tion. 
 See Worms. 
 
 HELMINTHIC, Anthelmintic. 
 
 HELMINTHOCHORTUM, Corallina Corsi- 
 cana. 
 
 HELMINTHOCOLICA, Coliea verminosa. 
 
 HELMINTHOCORTON, Corallina Corsicana. 
 
 HELMINTHOGENESIS, Helminthiasis. 
 
 HELMINTHOL'OGY, Helmintholog"ia, from 
 helmins, helrninfJios, and Xoyos, ' a description.' 
 A treatise on worms. 
 
 HELMINTHONCUS, Malis — h. Medinensis, 
 Draeunculus. 
 
 HELMINTHOP'YRA, HelmintJiojri/r'etos, Fe- 
 bris vermino'sa, from helmins, helminthos, and 
 jTu/), 'a fever.' Fever occasioned by worms. See 
 Fever, verminous. 
 
 HELMINTHOPYRETOS, Helminthopyra. 
 
 HELMINTHUS GORDII, Seta equina. 
 
 HELODES, Elodes. 
 
 HELONIAS DIOICA, Chamaslerium luteum— 
 h. Erythrosperma, Amianthum muscaetoxicum — 
 h. Lutea, ChamEelerium luteum — h. OfBcinalis, 
 see Veratrina. 
 
 HELOPYRA, Elodes (febris^. 
 
 HELOPYRETUS, Elodes (febris). 
 
 HELOS, Clavus, Marsh. 
 
 HEL0'SIS,i7eZo'fi«.- from'aXu, 'I turn.' Ever- 
 sion of the eyelids, and convulsions of the muscles 
 of the eves. Plica Polonica. Strabismus. 
 
 HELOTIS, Helosis, Plica. 
 
 HELIIS, Clavus, Helos. 
 
 HELVELLA ESCULENTA, Morchella escu- 
 lenta. 
 
 HELXINE. Parietaria. 
 
 HEMACHROIN, Heematin. 
 
HE MAD TNA M^TEU 
 
 454 
 
 HEMISPHERE 
 
 HEM AD YNAIfETBE, Hjemadynamometer. 
 
 HEMAB YNAMIQ UE Haemadynamics. 
 
 HEBTAPERITONIRRHAGIE, Hmmaperito- 
 
 inrrhag"ia ; from 'aifia, ' blood,' periiodffiiini, and 
 
 ,^nyvvyLL, 'I break forth.' Hemorrhage into the 
 
 pt:'rit(ineum. 
 
 HEMAPBOGTIE, HiKmorrhois. 
 HEMASTATIQUES, Haematostatica. 
 HEJfATWROSE, Sudor cruentus. 
 HEMATIN, Heematin. 
 HEiMATO-ENCEPHALIE, Apoplexy. 
 HBMATOID, HEematodes. 
 HE MA TO'iDINE, Hsematoidin. 
 HEMATOLOGIE, Hsematology. 
 HEMATOLOGY, Hsematology. 
 HEBIAT03IYELIE, Hemorrhagie de la 3Io- 
 elle Epiniere. 
 
 HEMATONCIE, Hsematoncus, see Hsemato- 
 des fungus — h. Fongo'ide, Hsematodes fungus. 
 HE3IAT0PISIE, Haematops. 
 HEMATORRHACHIS, Apoplexia myelitiea. 
 HEMATOSIN, Haematin. 
 HEMATOSTATICS, Hsematostatica. 
 HE3tA TO ST A TIQ UES, Hsematostatica. 
 HE3IAT0Z0AIRES, Htematozoa. 
 HEiVENDOCARDE, Haemendocardium. 
 HEMERA, 'n^epa, ' a day.' Eies. Hence : 
 HEMERALOPIA, see Nyctalopia. 
 Hemeralo'pia, from 'riiitpa, 'the day,' and 
 oTTTOjiai, ' I see.' HcBineralo2->8, Dijso'pia seu 
 Cali'yo tenehra'rum, Parop'sis Noctrf' uga, Visus 
 diur'nus, Nyetalo'pia [of some), Nyctotyphlo'sis, 
 Amblyo'pia crepuscula'ris, Cescitas crepuscitla'ris 
 seu rwctur'na, A'cies diur'na, Eay-sight, Eay- 
 vislon, Hen blindness, Night bh'ndnesn, Noctur'nal 
 Amauro'sis, (F.) Vue diurne, Aveuglsment de 
 Nnit. A disease, in which the eyes enjoy the 
 faculty of seeing, whilst the sun is above the 
 horizon, but are incapable of seeing by the aid 
 of artificial light. Its causes are not evident. 
 The eye, when carefully examined, presents no 
 alteration, either in its membranes or humours. 
 
 HEM'ERALOPS, Eo'rea. One labouring under 
 hemeralopia. Also, Hemeralopia. 
 HEMERATYPHLOSIS, Nyctalopia. 
 HEMERODROMA, Ephemera. 
 HEMEROPATHI'A; from 'vfitpa, 'a, day,' and 
 iraQos, 'an affection.' A disease, which continues 
 only a da.j ; or, which is only observed during 
 the day. 
 
 HEMEROTYPHLOSIS, Nyctalopia 
 HEMI, 'rjiit, '7]fiiavi, 'half,' 'semi.' Hence: 
 HEMIACEPH'ALUS, (P.) nemiacephale,<irom 
 .Tiemi, a, privative, and KC(j>a\v, 'head.' A mon- 
 ster whose head is represented by a shapeless 
 tumour, with some appendages or cutaneous folds 
 anteriorly, the thoracic extremities existing. 
 HEMIAMAUROSIS, Hemiopia. 
 HEMIANDRUS, Eunuch. 
 HEMIANOR, Eunuch. 
 HEMIANTHROPIA, Mania. 
 HEMIANTHROPUS, Eunuch, Maniac. 
 HEMIAZYGA (Vena), see Azygos vein. 
 HEMICEPHAL^A. Heraicrania. 
 HEMICEPHALiEUM, Sinciput. 
 HEMICEPHALIUM, Sinciput. 
 HEMICEPHALUM, Sinciput. 
 HEMICEPH'ALUS, HemieucepJi'ahis, Semi- 
 ceph'alus, from hemi, ' half,' and Ki<paXri, ' head.' 
 One who has half a head. 
 
 HEMICRA'NIA, HemicepJialcB'a, Jfigra'na, 
 Grana, Hemipa'gia, Hemipe'gia, Heterocra'nia, 
 Monopa'gia, Monope'gin, Cephcdce'a Hemicra'nia, 
 Hemipathi'a, Neural'gia cerebra'lis, Megrim, 
 from hemi, 'half,' and Kpaviov. 'cranium.' (F.) 
 Migraine. Pain, confined to one half the head. 
 
 It is almost always of an intermittent character; 
 — at times, continuing only as long as the sun is 
 above the horizon : and hence sometimes called 
 Sun-pain, — and is cured by cinchona, arsenic, 
 and the remedies adapted for intermittents. 
 Hemicrania Idiopathica, Neuralgia, facial. 
 HEMIDES'MUS IN'DICUS, Perip'loca In'- 
 dica, Ascle'pias Pseudosar'sa, Sarsaparil'la In'- 
 dica, Nannari, Indian Sarsaparilla. Ord. As- 
 clepiadaceae. A Hindoostanee plant, the root of 
 which, Hemidesm' us (Ph. D.), has a peculiar aro- 
 matic odour, and a bitterish taste. It is used in 
 India as a substitute for sarsaparilla. 
 HEMIDIALYSIS, Hemiplegia. 
 HEMIDIAPHORE'SIS, Transpira'tio Uni- 
 lat'era; from hemi, 'half,' and Sia(l>opt)ais, 'per- 
 spiration.' Perspiration of one half the body. 
 
 HEMIEC'TON, Hemiec'teon, Semisex'tum. A 
 vessel capable of containing 36 chopines or pints, 
 and in which fumigations were made in diseases 
 of the uterus and vagina. — Hippocrates. 
 
 HEMIENCEPH'ALUS, (F.) Hemicncephale, 
 from hemi, 'one half,' and tyKecpaXoi, 'the ence- 
 phalon.' A monster, which has no trace of the 
 organs of the senses, and yet has a brain nearly 
 natural. See Hemicephalus. 
 
 HEMIM'ELES, (F.) Himimele, from hemi, 
 'one half,' and (xtXos, *a limb.' A genus of 
 monsters, in which the upper or lower extremi- 
 ties are very defective — mere stumps, — and the 
 fingers and toes are entirely wanting or very im- 
 perfect.— I. G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 HEMIMCE'RION, from hemi, and ftoipa, 'a 
 part.' 'One half.' — Foesius. Also, half a drachm. 
 — Erotian. 
 
 HEM'INA. A Greek measure, answering to 
 the Cotyle, KOTvXv, i- e. one half the sextarius, or 
 about,half a pint, English. 
 
 HEMIOBOL'ION, Hemioh'olon. Half the obo- 
 lus. A weight of about five grains. — Gorraeus. 
 
 HEMIO'LION. A weight of 12 drachms, or 
 oz. li- — Galen. See Sescuncia. 
 
 HEMIO'PIA, Hemiop'sis, Hemiopi'asis, Suf- 
 fn'sio dimid'ians, Visus dimidia'tus, Marmor'yge 
 Hippoc'ratis, Hemi amauro' sis, Amnuro'sis dimi- 
 dia'ta, (F.) Hemiopie, from hemi, 'one half,' and 
 o-KTOjxai, 'I see.' Depraved vision, in which the 
 person sees only one half of an object. 
 HEMIOPIASIS, Hemiopia. 
 HEMIOPSIS, Hemiopia. 
 
 HEMIPA'GES, Eicor'yphns dihyjyogas'trius, 
 Oc'fo]3us synapheoceph'alus, from hemi, ' half,' and 
 TT^yyvu^i, ' I fasten.' A monstrosity, in which 
 twins are united from the navel to the vertex. — 
 I. G. Saint Hilaire. 
 
 HEMIPAGIA, Hemicrania. 
 HEMIPATHIA. Hemicrania. 
 HEMIPEGIA. Hemicrania. 
 HEMIPHO'NIA, from '^i, 'half,' and ^wvn, 
 ' voice.' Great weakness of voice. The husky 
 voice of those affected with cholera. 
 
 HEMIPLE'GIA, Hemiplex'ia, Hemidial'ysis, 
 Paral'ysis Hemiplegia, Semiple'gio, Semi-side- 
 ra'tio, from hemi, 'one half,' and 7r>»;(r(7u), or 
 ttXvtto), ' I strike.' Paralysis of one side of the 
 body. See Paralysis. One so palsied is said to 
 be hemipleg"ic, semi-sidera'tns. 
 
 Hemiplegia Facialis, Paralysis, Bell's. 
 HEMIPLEXIA, Hemiplegia. 
 HEMIPROSOPLEGIA, Paralysis, Bell's. 
 HEMISPH^R^ CEREBRI, Hemispheres of 
 the brain. 
 
 HEM'ISPHERE, Hemisphce'ra, Hemisphm'ri- 
 nm, from hemi, 'one half,' and (x^atpa, 'a sphere.' 
 One half of a sphere or of a body having a sphe- 
 roidal shape. 
 
 Hemispheres op the Braw, Hemisphee'rce 
 cer'ebri, Hemispher'ical gan'glia, are the upper 
 
HEMISPHERICAL GANGLIA 455 
 
 HEPATH^MORRHAGIA 
 
 (spheroidal portions of the brain, separated from 
 each other by the falx cerebri. 
 
 HEMISPHERICAL GANGLIA, Hemispheres 
 of the brain. 
 
 HEMITE, Hsemitis. 
 
 HEMITRIT^'A (FEBRIS,) Felris semi-fer- 
 tia'na seu sesquial'iera, (F.) Uenii-tierce, Fievre 
 demitierce, from hemi, ' half,' and T/xruiof, ' ter- 
 tian.' A semi-tertian fever, so called because it 
 seems to possess both the characters of the ter- 
 tian and quotidian intermittent. — Galen, Spi- 
 gelius. 
 
 HBMIUNCIA, Hemiuncion. 
 
 HEMIUN'CION, Hemiuii'cia, Semun'cia, Se- 
 mi un'cia. Half an ounce. 
 
 HEMLOCK, Pinus Canadensis, Conium macu- 
 latum — h. American, Cicuta maculata- — h. Bas- 
 tard, Chserophyllum sylvestre — h. Common, 
 Conium maculatum. 
 
 Hemlock Dropwort, (Enanthe. 
 
 Hemlock, Ground, Taxus Canadensis. 
 
 Hemlock Gdm, see Pinus Cadanensis — h. 
 Pitch, see Pinus Canadensis — h. Poison, Conium 
 — h. Spruce, Pinus Canadensis. 
 
 Hemlock, Water, American, Cicuta maculata, 
 Cicuta aquatica — h. Water, fine-leaved, Phellan- 
 drium aquaticum — h. Wild, Cicuta maculata. 
 
 HEMO-ANGIAIRRHA GIE, Hemoptysis. 
 'HEMOCARDE, Hjemocardiorrhagia. 
 
 HEMOCARDIOPLASTIES, see Polypus. • 
 
 HEMODIA, Haemodia. 
 
 HEMO-ENGEPHAL ORRHA ff/^,Apoplexy. 
 
 HE3I0EEPAT0RRHAGIE, Hepatorrhagia. 
 
 HEMOMETRE, Hsemadynamometer. 
 
 HEM03IYEL0RRHAGIE, Apoplexy, spinal. 
 
 EEMOPERICARDE, Hsfimopericardium. 
 
 HEMOPTYSIE. Haemoptysis — A. Foudroy- 
 ante, see Hsemoptysis. 
 
 HEMORRHAGE, Heemorrhagia— h. Acciden- 
 tal, see Ha3morrhagia — h. Active, see Hcemorrha- 
 gia — h. from the Bladder, Cj'stirrhagia — h. Con- 
 stitutional, see Haemorrhagia — h. Critical, see 
 Hsemorrhagia — h. by Exhalation, see Haemorrha- 
 gia — h. External, see Hasmorrhagia — h. General, 
 see Haemorrhagia — h. from the Intestines, Me- 
 laena — h. Internal, see Haemorrhagia — h. Inter- 
 stitial, Apoplexy — h. Local, see Htemorrhagia — 
 h. of the Mucous Membranes, see Hsemorrhagia 
 — h. Passive, see Haemorrhagia — h. from the Pi- 
 tuitary Membrane, Epistaxis — h. Pleural, Hfema- 
 tothorax — h. SeoKjndary, see Haemorrhagia— -h. 
 from the Skin, Sudor cruentus — h. Spinal, Apo- 
 plexy, spinal — h. Spontaneous, see Hasmorrhagia 
 — h. Supplementary, see Haemorrhagia — h. Symp- 
 tomatic, see Hemorrhagia — h. of the Tissues, see 
 Haemorrhagia — h. Traumatic, see Haemorrhagia 
 — h. Uterine, Metrorrhagia. 
 
 HEMORRHAGIC PLEURISY, Hsematotho- 
 rax. 
 
 HEMORRHAGIE BUCCALE, Stomatorrha- 
 gia — h. Cerehrale, Apoplexy — h. du Cceur, Haemo- 
 cardiorrhagia — h. du Foie, Hepatorrhagia — h. In- 
 terstitielle, Apoplexy — h. Interstitielle du Poumon, 
 Hasmoptysis — h. des Intestins, Haematochezia — 
 h. de la 3Iatriee, Metrorrhagia — h. Meningee, 
 Apoplexy meningeal — h. de la Motile epiniere, 
 Apoplexia myelitica — h. Nascde, Epistaxis — h. de 
 la Vessie, Cystirrhagia. 
 
 HEMORRHAGIP'AROUS, (F.) Hemorrhagi- 
 pare, from hcBiiwrrhagm, 'hemorrhage,' and »o- 
 rire, 'to bring forth.' That which gives occasion 
 to hemorrhage : thus, softening of the neurine 
 may be hemorrhagiparous. 
 
 HEMORRHINIE, Epistaxis. 
 
 UEMORRHOJDAIRE (P.). One who is sub- 
 ject to hemorrhoids. 
 
 HEMORRHOIDES, Hajmorrhois — /i. Aveu- 
 gles, Ca3cae hasmorrhoides. See Haemorrhois. 
 
 HEMORRHOSCOPIE, Hsematoscopia. 
 
 HEMOSPASIE, Hffimospasia. 
 
 HE3I0SPASIQUE, Hajmospastic. 
 
 HE3I0STASIE, Hasmostasia. 
 
 HEMOSTATICS, Hajmatostatica. 
 
 HEMOSTATIQ UES, Haematostatica. 
 
 HEMP, INDIAN, Apocynum cannabinum, 
 Bangue — h. Wild, Ambrosia trifida. 
 
 HEMPWEED, AROMATIC, Eupatorium aro- 
 maticum — h. Roundleaved, Eupatorium rotundi- 
 folium. 
 
 HEMPSEED, see Cannabis sativa. 
 
 HENBANE, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 HENBIT, Lamium amplexicaule. 
 
 HEN-BLINDNESS, Hemeralopia. 
 
 HENNE, Lawsonia inermis. 
 
 HENRICEA PHARMACEARCHA, Gentiana 
 chirayita. 
 
 HENRICUS RUBENS, Colcothar. 
 
 HEPAR, 'virap, 'genitive,' 'tjiraros, 'liver.' A 
 name for substances resembling liver in appear- 
 ance. The ancient name for the liver of sulphui", 
 Hepar sul'jjJiuris ; which is sometimes a com- 
 pound of sulphur and potassium,- at others, of 
 sulphur and potassa. See Potassa3 sulphuretum. 
 
 Hepar Adiposum, Adiposis hepatica — h. Adul- 
 terinum. Spleen. 
 
 Hkpak Antimonia'tum is a compound of a 
 sulphuret of antimony and an alkali. See Oxy- 
 dum stibii sulphuratum. 
 
 Hepar Martia'le. A compound of sulphuret 
 of potass and an oxide of iron. 
 
 Hepar Sanguinis, see Blood — h. Sinistrum, 
 Spleen. 
 
 Hepar Succenttjria'tum. An additional liver 
 or liver lobe; a case of malformation. 
 
 He^ AR Sulphuris Salinuji, Potassae sulphu- 
 retum — h. Sulphuris volatile, Ammoniae sulphu- 
 retum — h. Uterinum, Placenta — h. Variegatum, 
 Liver, nutmeg. 
 
 HEPATAL'GIA, Hepatodyn'ia, Neural'gia 
 Jie'i^atis, Col'ica hepat'ica, from 'rjirap, 'TjizaTo;, 
 'liver,' and a\yos, 'pain.' Pain in the liver. 
 Neuralgia of the liver, (F.) Nevralgie du Foie. 
 
 Hepatalgia Calculosa, Colica hepatica — h. 
 Petitiana, Turgescentia vesiculae felleae — h. 
 Phlegmonoides, Hepatitis. 
 
 HEPATAPOSTE'MA, from 'n^ap, 'tnrarog, and 
 a-nocTrjjia, 'an abscess.' Abscess of the liver. 
 
 HEPATARIUS, Hepaticus. 
 
 HEPATATROPH'IA, Atroph'ia seu Aridu'ra 
 he'patis, from 'rj-n-up, -'riTTaTos, and atrophia, 'atro- 
 phy.' Atrophy of the liver: — a general con- 
 comitant of Cirrho'sis lie'p)atis. 
 
 HEPATAUXE, HypertropVia he'patis, (F.) 
 Hxjperliepatotropliie, Hypertropliie du foie. Hy- 
 pertrophy of the liver. 
 
 HEPATECHE'MA, Son'itua hepat'icns, from 
 'rjTTap, 'rjTiaTo;, and 'rj^^ri/ia, 'sound.' Sound ren- 
 dered by the liver on percussion. 
 
 HEPATEMPHRAX'IS, from ',jrrap, 'nzarog, 
 and e/jcppaaao}, 'I obstruct.' Emphrax'is hejiatiti. 
 Hepatic obstruction. — Ploucquet. 
 
 HEPATENCEPHALO'MA, Hepatomyelo'ma, 
 Fungus he'patis medulla'ris, from 'tjtrap. 'rjvaToi, 
 and eyK£<j)aXos, ' encephalon.' Encephaloid of the 
 liver. 
 
 HEPATE'RUS, Hepiat'icxis, Jecora'rius. A 
 variety of diarrhoea, Fluxus hejjaticus.—Gorrsens. 
 
 HEPATn^MORRHAG"IA, H(Bmorrhag"ia 
 hepat'ica, IIepatorrhag"ia, Apoplex'ia hepat'ica, 
 (F.) Hemorrhagie du foie, Himohepatorrhagie, 
 from 'rjTiap, 'rf^aro;, and 'aijjiuppayia, ' hemorrhage.' 
 Hemorrhage from the liver. 
 
HEPATIC 
 
 456 
 
 HEPATOCHOLOERHCEA 
 
 HEPAT'IC, Hepat'icus, Hepata'rins, Hepate'- I 
 rus, Hepatoi'des, Hepato' des, Jecora'rius, Jec'oral, 
 (F.) Hepattqne Jecoraire, from 'ri-ap, 'j;:raTOf. 
 Belonging or relating to or resembling liver. 
 
 Hepatic Ar'tert, Arte'rin Hepat'ica. One of 
 the three branches given off by the coeliac. It 
 passes towards the inferior surface of the liver; 
 where it divides into two branches, a riyht and 
 a left, which proceed towards the corresponding 
 parts of that organ. The right branch gives off 
 the cystic artery. Before dividing, the hepatic 
 artery sends off two considerable branches, the 
 A. pylorica and Gastro-epiplotca dextra. 
 
 Hepatic Duct, Ductus hepat'icus, (F.) Canal 
 Mpatique, is about three fingers' breadth in 
 length, and of the size of a quill. It is fornaed 
 by the union of the biliary ducts, and joins the 
 cystic duct at a very acute angle, to form the 
 ductus choledochus. Its function is to convey 
 the bile from the liver towards the duodenum. 
 
 Hepatic Islets, see Liver — h. Lobules, see 
 Liver. 
 
 Hepatic Plexus, Plexus Jiepat'icus, consists 
 of nervous filaments, sent by the coeliac plexus 
 to the liver, which accompany the hepatic artery. 
 Hepatic Veins, Supra-hepatic Veins, Vena 
 cavcB hepial'icm, (F.) Veines sus-hepatiques, Intra- 
 lob'ular veins, do not follow the course of the 
 arteries of the same name. They arise in the 
 substance of the liver; converge towards the 
 posterior margin of that viscus, and open into 
 the vena cava inferior. They convey away the 
 blood carried to the liver by the hepatic artery 
 and vena porta. 
 
 HEPAT'ICA. Medicines believed to be ca- 
 pable of aflFeeting the liver. 
 
 Hepatica, H. triloba — h. Americana, H. tri- 
 loba — h. Fontana, Marehantia polj-morpha — h. 
 Nobilis, H. triloba — h. Stellata, Asperula odorata. 
 Hepatica Tril'obA. JI. America' na, Anemo'ne 
 hepat'ica sen noh'ilis, Herhatrinitn'tis, HejMt'ica, 
 Hepat'icus flos, Trifo'lium hepat'icum seu au'- 
 reum, Liverwort, Liverweed, Trefuil, Nohle Liver- 
 wort, Herb Trin'itij, (F.) Hepatique des jardins. 
 The leaves of this ^\ai\t — Hepat' ica (Ph. U. S.) 
 — are a gentle astringent, but not possessed of 
 much virtue. 
 
 HEPATICULA, Hepatitis, chronic. 
 HEPATICUS, Hepateros — h. Flos, Hepatica 
 triloba. 
 
 HE^PATIFICATIO, Hepatizati^on. 
 HEPATIQUE, Hepatic— 7i. Etoilee, Asperula 
 odorata — h. des Fontaine, Marehantia polymor- 
 pha — h. des Jardins, Hepatica triloba. 
 
 HEPATIRRHCE'A, Fluxus hepat'icus, Bijsen- 
 ter'ia hepat'ica, Diarrhce'a hepjat'ica, Hepator- 
 rhce'a, Hepatocholorrhoe' a, Hepatod)jsenter' ia, He- 
 patorrha(j"ia, HcBmote' ra, Airnate' ra, (P.) Flux 
 hepatique, from 'riTzap, 'tj-utos, and ptw, 'I flow.' 
 A species of diarrhoea in which the excreted 
 matters seem to come from the liver, or are much 
 mixed with bile. 
 
 HEPATIS EMUNCTORIA. Inguen— h. Sus- 
 pensorium, Ligament, suspensory, of the liver. 
 
 HEPATISATIO, Hepatization —h. Pulmo- 
 num, Hepatization of the Lungs. 
 
 HEPATLSATIOX, Hepatization — ;^. Grise, 
 see Hepatization — h. Rouge, see Hepatization. 
 HEPATITES VENA, Cava vena, 
 HEPATI'TIS, Empres'-ina hepati'tis, Caiima 
 seu Inflammn'tio he'patis, I. Jecin'oris, Fehris 
 hepat'ica inflammato'ria, Hepatal'c/ia phleffmo- 
 no'i'des, 3forbus jecin'oris, Hepafnph/ef/'mone, In- 
 Jiammation of the liver, (F.) Hepatite, inflam- 
 mation du foie. Piece, (Provincial); from 'tinap, 
 'jiTzaTo;, ' liver,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 
 It may be seated either in the peritoneal cover- 
 ing, Sero-hepati'tis, Hepati'tis velamento'sa seu 
 extern' a, Peritoni'tis hepat'ica, Perihepati'tis, 
 or in the substance of the liver, Hepati'tis paren- 
 chymato'sa, or in both, Puro-hepati'tis, and may 
 be acute or chronic. The peculiar symptoms 
 are: — pain in the right hypochondrium, shooting 
 to the back and right shoulder, and inerea.sed on 
 pressure; difficulty of lying on the left side; 
 sometimes jaundice with cough, and synocha. 
 Its termination is generally by resolution : — in 
 tropical climates it often runs on to suppuration, 
 Jec'oris vom'ica, Hejiati'tis ap)ostemato'sa, the 
 abscess breaking either externally, or forming a 
 communication with the intestines or chest, or 
 breaking into the cavity of the abdomen. The 
 causes are those of inflammation in general. 
 Heat predisposes to it; hence Its greater frequency 
 in hot climates. On dissection of those ivho have 
 died of it, the liver has been found hard and en- 
 larged ; colour of a deep purple; or the mem- 
 branes have been more or less vascular; or ad- 
 hesions, or tubercles, or hydatids, or abscesses, 
 or biliary calculi may be met with. The treat- 
 ment must be bold. Bleeding, general and local, 
 fomentations, blisters, purgatives, and the anti- 
 phlogistic regimen. In hot climates especially, a 
 new action must be excited by mercury as early 
 as possible. 
 
 Hepatitis Apostematosa, see Hepatitis. 
 
 Hepatitis, Chroxic, Hepati'tis chron'ica, In- 
 flamma'tio he'j^atis lenta, Hej^atitis occul'ta, He- 
 patic'ula, Subinflamma'tio he'patis, (F.) Chrono- 
 hepatite. Chronic liver disease, is not as common 
 as is believed. It may be suspected from the 
 existence of the sj'mptoms above mentioned, 
 when in a minor degree; enlargement, constant 
 dull pain in the region of the liver; sallow coun- 
 tenance; high-coloured urine; clay -coloured 
 faces, &c. The great object of treatment is to 
 excite a new action by mercury and counter- 
 irritants, and to keep the liver free by cathartics. 
 
 Hepatitis Cystica, Cholecystitis — h. Externa, 
 see Hepatitis — h. Occulta, H. chronic — h. Vela- 
 mentosa, see Hepatitis — h. Parenchymatosa, see 
 Hepatitis. 
 
 HEPATIZA'TIOX, Hepatisa'tio, Hepatifica'- 
 tio, from 'irnap, 'ijraTos. Conversion into a liver- 
 like substance. Applied to the lungs when gorged 
 with efi'used matters, so that they are no longer 
 pervious to the air — Hepatisa'tio 2}'n^mo'niimf 
 Carnijica'tio pulmo' num. In such state, they are 
 said to be hepalized. 
 
 Hepatization, Bed, (F.) Hepatisation rouge, 
 Endurcissement rouge, Rarnollissement rouge, cha- 
 racterizes the first stage of consolidation of the 
 lungs in pneumonia. 
 
 Hepatization, Gray, (F.) Hepatisation grise. 
 Induration grise, Rarnollissement gris. Infiltration 
 piurulente, characterizes the third stage, or stage 
 of purulent infiltration. 
 
 HEPATIZON, Chloasma. 
 
 HEPATOC'ACE, from 'rj-Kap, 'rizaro;, and KaKo;, 
 'evil.' Gangrene of the liver. 
 
 HEPATOCE'LE, from 'vrap, 'riTraro;, and 
 KTjXn, 'a tumour;' Her'nia hepat'ica ; Hernia of 
 the liver. (F.) Hemic du foie. The liver has 
 never been found entirely out of the abdomi- 
 nal cavity. Increase of its bulk, or injuries 
 of the parietes of the abdomen, have been the 
 sole cause of the protrusions which have been 
 occasionally met with, especially in infants, in 
 whom the upper part of the linea alba is very 
 weak, and indeed scarcely se?ms to exist. Sau- 
 vages has distinguished two species of hepatocele : 
 — the ventral (in the linea alba), and the umbili- 
 cal or hepatomphalum. 
 
 HEPATOCHOLORRH(EA, Hepatirrhcea. 
 
HEPATOCOLICUM 
 
 45' 
 
 HERBARIUM 
 
 HEPATOCO'LICUM. A ligamentof the liver, 
 described by Haller, as passing from the gall- 
 bladder and contiguous sinus portarum, across 
 the duodenum, to the colon. Another, termed 
 Hepato-renal, descends from the root of the liver 
 to the kidney. They are both peritoneal. 
 
 HEPATOCTS'TIC, Hepatoeys'ticns, CystMe- 
 pat'icns, from 'rj-ap, 'rjzaros, and xvans, 'bladder.' 
 Relating to the liver and gall-bladder. 
 
 Hepatocystic Duct, Ductus hepatocijst' icua. 
 The choledoch duct. 
 
 HEP'ATODYME, Eepatod'ymus, from Va?, 
 'Tjjrrirof, and iiSvuo;, 'a twin.' A monster united 
 at the liver, and double above. 
 
 HEPATODYNIA, Hepatalgia. 
 
 HEPATODYSENTERIA, Hepatirrhoea. 
 
 HEPATOGASTRIC, Gastrohepatic. 
 
 HEPATOGASTROCHOLOSIS, Eever, bilious, 
 Fever, gastric. 
 
 HEPATOG'RAPHY, Hepatorjra'phia/ from 
 'r/irap, 'rjTraTo;, and ypaiprj, 'a description.' The 
 part of anatomy which describes the liver. 
 
 TIEP ATOliJE'Ml A, By pero'/mia Jie'jmtis, He- 
 pat' ic Engorge' riient, {F .) Hypereniie du Foie, from 
 'vup, 'ij-aaTOi, and 'aijia, ' blood.' Sanguineous 
 congestion of the liver. 
 
 HEPATODES, Hepatic. 
 
 HEPATOIDES, Hepatic. 
 
 HEPATOLITIU'ASIS, from V«p, Varof, 
 and \i9iaai;, 'formation of stone.' The forma- 
 tion of concretions, Hepatol' itht, in the liver. 
 
 HEPATOL'OGY, Hepatolog"ia, from 'nrrap, 
 'tjTTaTii;, and 'Xoyoi, 'a discourse,' 'treatise.' A 
 treatise on the liver. 
 
 HEPATOMALA'CIA, Ifalaco'sis he'2mtls, (F.) 
 RamoUhsement du Foie. Softening of the liver. 
 
 HEPATOM'PHALUS, from 'v^rap, 'tj^aro;, 
 'liver,' and oiKpaXoq, 'navel.' Hernia of the liver 
 at the umbilicus. 
 
 HEPATOMYELOMA, Hepatencephaloma. 
 
 HEPATON'CUS, from 'n-ap, 'rj-a-os, and oyKos, 
 'a tumour.' Tumefaction of the liver. 
 
 HEPATOPAREC'TAMA, from 'nnap, 'vTraro;, 
 snd TrapcKTafxa, ' considerable extension.' Exces- 
 sive enlargement of the liver. 
 
 HEPATOPATHI'A, from 'n^ap, 'v-aros, and 
 rraSof, ' suffering.' Liver-disease. Disease of the 
 liver. 
 
 HFPA TO PA THIE OANCEREUSE, Hepa- 
 toscirrhus — li. Taberculeuse, Hepatostrumosie. 
 
 HEPATOPHLEGMONE, Hepatitis. 
 
 HEPATOPHTHI'SIS, Phthisis hepat'ica, from 
 'tjrap, 'TjTzaTo;, and <p9t(j}, ' I consume.' Consump- 
 tion from suppuration of the liver. 
 
 HEPATORRHAGIA, Hepatirrhoea, Hepathce- 
 morrhagia. 
 
 HEPATORRHEX'IS, from 'r,Tzap, 'n^aroi, and 
 OTITIS, 'rupture.' Rupture of the liver. 
 
 HEPATORRHCEA, Hepatirrhoea. 
 
 HEP A TOSAROOMIE, Hepatoscirrhus. 
 
 HEPATOSCIR'RHUS, from 'n^ap, 'rrraro;, 
 and oKtppog, ' cancerous induration.' Scirrhus 
 he'patis, Encephalo' sia or Carcino' ma of the liver, 
 (F.) Hepatosarcomie, Hepatopathie cancereuse. 
 Cancer du Foie. Scirrhus or Cancer of the 
 liver. 
 
 HEPATOSTRUMOSIE, Tuber' cnln he'patis, 
 (F.) Tubercides du Foie, Hepatopat?cie tabercu- 
 leuse; from 'v^ap, 'rfjTaTog, and struma, 'a tu- 
 mour,' 'a scrofulous tumour.' Tubercle of the 
 liver. 
 
 HEPATOT'OMY, from 'r,vap, 'riraro;, and 
 reuvOD, ' I cut.' Dissection of the liver. 
 
 HEPIALOS, Epialos. 
 
 HEPS, see Rosa canina, 
 
 HEPSEMA, Decoction. 
 
 HEPSESIS, Decoction. 
 
 HEPTAL CYCLE, see Cycle. 
 
 HEPTAL'LON GRAVE OLENS, Hogwort, 
 Bears' fright. An indigenous plant, which has 
 a fetid porcine smell ; and is said to be used by 
 the Indians as a diaphoretic, cathartic, <tc. 
 
 HEPTAPHAR'MACUM, from 'tr^ra, 'seven,' 
 and (papitaKov, 'a remedy.' A medicine composed 
 of seven substances; cerusse, litharge, pitch, wax, 
 colophony, frankincense, and bullock's fat. It was 
 regarded as laxative, suppurating and healing. 
 
 HEPTAPHYLLUM, Tormentilla. 
 
 HEPTAPLEURO^^ Plantago major. 
 
 HERACLEUM, see H. lanatum — h. Branca, 
 H. spondylium. 
 
 Heracle'um Spondyl'ium, H. Bran'ca, Branca 
 ursi'na seu German' ica, SpondyViimi, SphondyV- 
 ium, Cow Parsnep, All-heal, Coic-inumble, (Sc.) 
 Duneioand, (Prov.) Cushia, (F.) Berce, Branc- 
 ursine bdtarde, Fausse Acanthe. Order, Umbel- 
 liferse. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. Dedi- 
 cated to 'HpaK\ris, 'Hercules.' The root of this 
 plant has a strong, rank smell ; and a pungent, 
 almost caustic taste. It has been given as a 
 tonic, stomachic and carminative ; both in powder 
 and in decoction. The Russians, Lithuanians, 
 and Poles obtain from its seeds and leaves, by 
 fermentation, a very intoxicating spirituous liquor, 
 which they call Parst. 
 
 The root of Heracle'iim Lnna'tirm, Ma.sterwort, 
 Coio parsnep, — Heracle'um (Ph. U. S.) — is in the 
 secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
 States. 
 
 HERACLEUS MORBUS, Epilepsy. 
 
 HERB, Herba, Bot'ane. Any ligneous plant, 
 which loses its stalk during the winter. 
 
 Herb, Blessed, Geum urbanum — h. Christo- 
 pher, Actasa spicata. 
 
 Herb-Doctor, Botan'ical doctor or pi^iysic"ian. 
 One who treats diseases altogether by herbs; as 
 the — so called — " Thompsonians." 
 
 Herb op Grace, Gratiola officinalis — h. Mas- 
 tich, common. Thymus mastichina — h. Mastich, 
 Syrian, Teucrium marum — h. Peter, Primula 
 veris — h. Robert, Geranium Robertianum — h. 
 of Saint Cunegonde, Eupatorium cannabinum — h. 
 Sophia, Sisymbrium sophia — h. Trinity, Hepatica 
 triloba. 
 
 HERBA, Herb — h. Alexandrina, Smyrnium 
 olusatrum — h. Althsese, Pelargonium cucullatum 
 
 — h. Anthos, Rosmarinus — h. Benedieta, Geum 
 urbanum — h. Britannica, Rumes hydrolapathum 
 
 — h. Canni, Artemisia santonica — h. Cardiaca, 
 Leonurus cardiaca — h. Cardui veneris, Dipsacus 
 fullonum — h. Dorea, Solidago virgaurea — h. Fe- 
 lis, Nepeta — h. Genipi, Achillea atrata — h. Ignis, 
 Lichen pyxidatus — h. Melancholifuga, Fumaria 
 — h. Militaris, Achillea millefolium — h. Papilla- 
 ris, Lapsana — h. Paralyseos, Primula veris — h. 
 Paralytica, Primula veris — h. Pata; lapinae, Leo- 
 nurus cardiaca — h. Pulicaris, Plantago psyllium 
 
 — h. Quercini, Lichen plicatus — h. Sacra, Ver- 
 bena officinalis — h. Salivaris, Anthemis pyre- 
 thrum — h. Sardonia, Ranunculus sceleratus — h, 
 Seelerata, Ranunculus scleratus — h. Sideritidis, 
 Galeopsis grandifiora — h. Tabaci, Nicotiana taba- 
 cum — h. Trinitatis, Anemone hepatica, Viola tri- 
 color — h. Veneris, Adiantum pedatum — h. Ven- 
 tis, Anemone Pulsatilla — h. Vitri, see Salsola 
 kali — h. Zazarhendi, Origanum. 
 
 HERB^ PRO ENEMATE, Glyster herbs- 
 fa. pro fotu. Fomentation herbs. 
 HERBALIST, Herborist. 
 HERBA'RIUM, from herba, a plant. (F.J 
 
HERBARIUS 
 
 458 
 
 HERNIA 
 
 Herhier. A collection of plants. Generally ap- 
 plied to a collection of dried plants — Hortus sic- 
 cus. In Pharmacy, a plant that is used entire. 
 
 HERBARIUS, Herborist. 
 
 HERBE, Herb — h. aux Aheilles, Spiraea ulma- 
 ria — h. au Cancer, Plumbago Europsea — h. au 
 Centaure, Chironia centaurium — h. aux Chantres, 
 Erysimum — h. aux Charpentiers, Achillea mille- 
 folium, Justitia pectoralis — h. aux Chats, Nepeta, 
 Teucrium marum — h. au Coq, Tanacetum bal- 
 samita — h. an Cuillers, Cochlearia officinalis — 
 1i. aux Ecrouelles, Scrophularia nodosa — h. aux 
 Ecus, Lysimachia nummularia — li. d, Eternuer, 
 Achillea ptarmica — A. d la Fievre, Chironia cen- 
 taurium— A. aux Femmes battues, Tamus commu- 
 nis — h. de Grace, Ruta — h. aux Gueux, Clematis 
 vitalba — h. aux Hemorrlioides, Ranunculus fica- 
 ria— 7i. d VHirondelle, Chelidonium majus — h. d 
 la Houette, Asclepias Syriaca — h. d'lvrogne, Lo- 
 lium temulentum — h. des Juifs, Solidago virgau- 
 rea — h. aux Ladres, Veronica — li. aux ilamelles, 
 Lapsana — h. aux Mouches, Conyza squarrosa — 
 li. aux 3furaiUes, Parietaria — h. des Nones, Pa- 
 rietaria — h. aux Oies, Potentilla reptans — h. d 
 Paris, Paris — h. d la Paralysie, Primula veris — 
 h. au Pauvre homme, Gratiola officinalis — h. aux 
 Perles, Lithospermum officinale — •/;. d Pisser, 
 Pyrola umbellata — h. d la Poxidre de Chypre, 
 Hibiscus abelmoschus — 7t. aux Poux, Delphinium 
 staphisagria — h. d la Puce, see Apocynum hyperi- 
 cifolium — h. aux Puces commune, Phmtago psyl- 
 lium — h. d Rohert, Geranium Robertianum — h. d 
 la Bosee, Drosera rotundifolia — h. de Saiiite 
 Barhe, Erysimum barbarea — /;. Sainte Christo])7ie, 
 Aetata spicata — h. de Sainte Etienne, Circsea lute- 
 tiana — h. Saint Fiacre, Verbascum thapsus — h. 
 de Saint Jean, Artemisia vulgaris — h. Saint Jean, 
 Glechoma hedcracea — h. de Saint Quirin, Tus- 
 silago — h. de Saint Roch, Inula dysenterica — h. 
 Sainte Rose, Paeonia — h. aux Sorciers, Circoea 
 lutetiana, Datura stramonium — h. aux Teigneux, 
 Arctium lappa — 7*. d Tous les nuiux. Verbena 
 officinalis — h. Turque, Herniaria glabra — h. aux 
 Vers, Tanacetum vulgare — h. aux Vermes, Hclio- 
 tropium Europseum. 
 
 HERBIER, Herbarium, Ingluvies. 
 
 HERBIVOROUS, Herhio'orus, from lerla, 
 'grass,' and voro, 'I eat.' An epithet applied to 
 animals which feed on herbs. 
 
 HER'BORIST, Herha'rius. One who deals in 
 useful plants. An HerValist or Herh'arist. 
 
 HERBORIZA'TION, Herha'rum inquisit"io. 
 An excursion, made with the view of collecting 
 plants. Such excursions are directed by the 
 Apothecaries' Company of London, for the use 
 of their apprentices, &c. 
 
 HERBS, FIVE CAP'ILLARY, Quinque herha 
 cajyilla'res, were, anciently, hart's tongue ; black, 
 white, and gulden maiden-hair, and spleenwort. 
 
 Herbs, Five Emol'lient, Quinque herbm emol- 
 lien'tes, were, anciently, beet, mallow, marsh- 
 mallow, French mercury, and violet. 
 
 HERCULES ALLHEAL, Pastinaea opoponax. 
 
 HERCULES MORBUS, Epilepsy. 
 
 HEREDITAIRE, Hereditary. 
 
 HERED'ITARY, Ha-redita'riua, Heredita'rius, 
 Gentiiit" ius, Sym'phytos, Syn'genes, (F.) Heredi- 
 taire, from hasris, Ixsredis, 'an heir.' An epithet 
 given to diseases, communicated from progeni- 
 tors. Such diseases may exist at birth ; or they 
 may supervene at a more or less advanced period 
 of existence. Hereditary diseases, Morhi heredi- 
 ta'rii, (F.) ifaladies hereditaires, often prevail 
 amongst several members of a family, or are 
 family diseases or complaints. 
 
 HERMAPHRODE'ITY,i7e)-mfY^7n-of7/s'aa,^er- 
 mnphroditis' mus, Hermaphrodis'mus, Fah'rica an- 
 drog"yna, Androgyn'ia, Gynan'dria, Hermaph'- 
 
 rodism, Hermoph'roditism ; from 'Kp^vs ' Mer- 
 cury,' and A(ppoSiTri, ' Venus.' Appertaining to 
 Mercury and Venus. Union of the two sexes in 
 the same individual. 
 
 HERMAPHRODISIA, Hermaphrodeity. 
 
 HERMAPH'RODITE. Same etymon, ffer- 
 maphrodi'tus, Gy'nida,Androg"ynus, (Sc.) Scarcht, 
 (Prov.) Scrat. One who possesses the attributes 
 of male and female : who unites in himself the 
 two sexes. A term, applied to an animal or plant 
 which is, at the same time, both male and female. 
 True hermaphrodites are only met with in the 
 lower degrees of the animal scale, amongst the 
 zoophytes, mollusea, or gasteropoda. The indi- 
 viduals of the human species, regarded as herma- 
 phrodites, owe this appearance to a vicious con- 
 formation of the genital organs ; a kind of mon- 
 strosity, which renders them unfit for generation, 
 although an attentive examination may exhibit 
 the true sex. Hermaphrodites have, likewise, 
 been described, which, instead of uniting the 
 attributes of both sexes, cannot be considered 
 male or female. These have been called neutral 
 hermaphrodites. 
 
 HERMAPHRODITISMUS, Hermaphredeity. 
 
 HERMAPHRODITUS, Hermaphrodite. 
 
 HERMET'ICA DOCTRI'NA, Hermetica an, 
 (F.) Hermetique. The doctrine of Hermes, a 
 celebrated Egyptian philosopher, who is con- 
 sidered the father of alchemy. That part of 
 chymistry, whose object was the pretended trans- 
 mutation of the metals. 
 
 HERM0DAC'TYLUS,2)ocfj/?e'fi(s, An'ima ar- 
 ticulo'rum, from 'Eppivs, 'Mercury,' and daxrvXas, 
 'a finger;' or rather from Hermus, a river in 
 Asia, upon whose banks it grows, and ^a/cruAof, 
 ' a date ;' or from 'Ep/ji/f, ' Mercury,' and iaKTv\og, 
 'a date;' (F.) Hermodactyle, Hermodacte ou Her- 
 modate. The root of the Hermodactyl was for- 
 merly used as a cathartic. By some, it is sup- 
 posed to be identical with the Iris tuhero'sa. 
 The best testimony seems to be in favour of its 
 being a variety of the colchieum, — Col'chicum 
 lUyr'icum. Under the name Hermodactyls, roots 
 or bulbs of an unknown plant, growing in the 
 countries about the eastern extremity of the 
 Mediterranean, are sold in the shops of Europe. 
 
 HERMODATE, Hermodactylus. 
 
 HERMOPH'ILUS, from 'Kppr,;, 'Mercury,' 
 and ^i\og, 'a lover.' One who is fond of mercury 
 as a medicine. 
 
 HER'NIA, Ramex, Ruptu'ra, R. hernio'sa, 
 Orepatu'ra, Ectop'ia hernio'sa, Cele, Rupture, 
 Burst, (F.) Hargne, Descente, Effort, Greveure, 
 Rompeure. From tpi'oj, 'a shoot' [?]. Any tumour, 
 formed by the displacement of a viscus or a por- 
 tion of a viscus, which has escaped from its na- 
 tural cavity by some aperture, and projects exter- 
 nally. IlerniiE have been divided into, — 1. Her- 
 nia of the Brain; Encephalocele ; 2. Hernia of 
 the Thorax; Pneumocele ; 3. Hernia of the Ab- 
 domen. 
 
 Abdom'inal Jlernics are remarkable for their 
 frequency, variety, and the danger attending 
 them. They are produced by the protrusion of 
 the viscera, contained in the abdomen, through 
 the natural or accidental apertures in the parietes 
 of that cavity. The organs, which form them 
 most frequently, are the intestines and the epi- 
 ploon. These hernia; have been divided, accord- 
 ing to the apertures by which they escape, into : 
 
 1. In'guinal or Supra-Pu'bian HernicB. These 
 issue by the inguinal canal: they are called Bu- 
 bonoce'le, when small; and Scrotal Hernia or 
 Oscheoce'le, in man, when they descend into the 
 scrotum : — Vulvar Hernia or Puden'dal or La'- 
 bial Hernia, Episioce'le, in women, when they 
 extend to the labia majora. 2. Crural or Fem'- 
 oral Hernia, Me'roc^'le, when they issue by the 
 
HERNIA 
 
 459 
 
 HERN I S 
 
 crural canal. 3. Infra-Pu'hian Hernia, (F.) ffer- 
 nie sous-puhienne, Oodeoce'le, Opeoce'le, Opodeo- 
 ce'le, Her' nia f Oram' inis ova'lis, when the viscera 
 escape through the opening, which gives passage 
 to the infra-pubian vessels. 4. hcMat' ic Hernia ; 
 when it takes place through the sacro-sciatic 
 notch. 5. Umbil'ical Hernia, Exom'phalos, Om- 
 phaloee'le ; when it occurs at the umbilicus or 
 near it. 6. E^ngaa'tric Hernia; — occurring 
 through the linea alba, above the umbilicus. 7. 
 Hypogastric or Infra-umhil' ical Hernia, Coelio- 
 ce'le, Hypogastroce'le, — when it occurs through 
 the linea alba below the umbilicus. 8. Perince'al 
 Hernia,Meaosceloce' le, Her'nia perinm'i, Perinmo- 
 ce'le, Perineoce'le — when it takes place through 
 the levator ani, and appears at the perineum. 9. 
 Vug"inal Hernia, Guleoce'le seu Elytroce'le — 
 through the parieties of the vagina. 10. Dia- 
 phragnKit'ic Hernia, Diaphragmatoee'le ; when it 
 passes through the diaphragm. 
 
 Hernise are likewise distinguished, — according 
 to the viscera forming them, — into Enteroce'le, 
 Epiploee'le, En'tero-epiploce'le, Gaairoce'le, Cya- 
 toce'le, Hepatoee'le, Splenoce'le, &c. 
 
 When a hernia can be restored to its natural 
 cavity, by the aid of pressure, &c., properly ap- 
 plied, it is said to be reducible. It is, on the con- 
 trary, irreducible, when adhesion, bulk, &c., op- 
 pose its return. When the aperture, which has 
 given passage to the hernia, occasions more or 
 less constriction on the protruded portion, the 
 hernia is said to be incar' cerated or stran'gulaied ; 
 and, if the constriction be not removed, consti- 
 pation, hiccough, vomiting, and all the signs of 
 violent inflammation, followed by gangrene, su- 
 pervene, with alteration of the features, small 
 pulse, cold extremities, and death. 
 
 The therapeutical indications are, — 1. As re- 
 gards reducible hernia: — to replace the viscera 
 in the abdomen by the taxis; and to retain them 
 there by the use of a triiaa, which, if properly 
 adapted, may effect a radical cure. 2. As regards 
 irreducible hernia: — to support the tumour by 
 an appropriate suspensory bandage. 3. As re- 
 gards strangulated hernia : — to have recourse to 
 the taxis; blood-letting; warm bath; tobacco 
 glysters ; ice to the tumour; and, if these should 
 not succeed, to perform an operation, which con- 
 sists in dividing the covering of the hernia, and 
 cutting the aponeurotic ring, which causes the 
 strangulation ; — reducing the displaced viscera, 
 unless their diseased condition should require 
 them to be retained without; — dressing the wound 
 appropriately: — restoring the course of the faBces 
 by means of gentle glysters — preventing or com- 
 bating inflammation of the abdominal viscera ; — 
 conducting the wound to cicatrization, by appro- 
 priate means ; and afterwards supporting the ci- 
 catrix by a bandage. 
 
 The word hernia was also used, of old, for the 
 scrotum, and, not unfrequently, for the testicle. 
 
 Hernia, Aneueismal, Cirsomphalus — h. Ar- 
 teriarum, see Aneurism — h. of the Bladder, Cys- 
 tocele — h. Bronchialis, Bronchocele — h. Carnosa, 
 Sarcocele — h. of the Cerebellum, Parencephalo- 
 cele — h. Cerebri, Encephalocele. 
 
 Hernia, Congen'ital, Hernia congen'ita, is a 
 protrusion of some of the contents of the abdomen 
 into the Tunica vaginalis testis, owing to a want 
 of adhesion between its sides, after the descent 
 of the testicle. 
 
 Hernia Corner, Ceratocele — h. Crural, Me- 
 rocele — h. Epiploic, Epiplocele — h. Femoral, 
 Merocele — h. Foraminis Ovalis, see Hernia — 
 h. Gutturis, Bronchocele — h. Hepatica, Hepa- 
 tocele. 
 
 Hernia Humora'lis, Emprea'ma Orchi'tis, Di- 
 dymi'tis, Orchi'tis, Orchidi'tis, Injlamma'tio tes'- 
 tium, Injlamma'tion of the Tea'ticle, Swelled Tes- 
 
 ticle, Hernia Ven'eria, Orchioce'le, Orchidoce'le, 
 Orchidon'cHs, (F.) Inflammation du testicule, Or- 
 chite. Swelling and inflammation of the testicle is 
 a common sympton of gonorrhoea, {¥.)Chaudepisae 
 tombee dana lea Bourses ; but it may arise from 
 external injuries, or from other causes. It is a 
 disease which cannot be mistaken, and the treat- 
 ment must obviously be strongly antiphlogistic, 
 supporting the testicle during the treatment, and 
 for some time afterwards : methodical compres- 
 sion has also been found useful. The disease is 
 not generally of a serious character, going off as 
 suddenly as it comes on. As it affects the epidi- 
 dymis more especially, when supervening on go- 
 norrhoea or blennorrhoea, it is sometimes termed 
 blenorrhag"ic epididymi'tis. 
 
 Hernia Incarcerata, Entero-peristole — h. 
 Inguinalis, Bubonocele — h. Intestinalis, Entero- 
 cele — h. Intestinalis omentalis, Entero-epiplocele 
 — h. Iridis, Ptosis Iridis — h. Ischiatica, Ischio- 
 cele — h. Lienalis, Splenocele. 
 
 Heb'nia Litt'rica, H. e Divertie'ido Tntesti'ni, 
 Hernia first described by Littre, in which the in- 
 testinal canal proper is not included in the hernial 
 sac, the protruded portion of intestine consisting 
 of a digital prolongation of the ileum, which Littre 
 concluded was formed by the gradual extension 
 of a knuckle of the bowel, that had been engaged 
 in the inguinal canal. 
 
 Hernia of the Liter, Hepatocele — h. of the 
 Lung, Pneumocele. 
 
 Hernia, Mesocol'ic, Her'nia Mesoco'lica. 
 Hernia, caused by the bowels gliding between 
 the layers of the mesocolon. — Sir A. Cooper. 
 
 Hernia, Omental, Epiplocele -^h. Parorchido- 
 enterica, Parorchido-enterocele — h. Perin^i, see 
 Hernia— h. Pharyngis, Pharyngocele — h. Phrenic, 
 Diaphragmatic hernia — h. Pinguedinosa Scroti, 
 Liparocele — h. of the Pleura, Pleurocele — h. 
 Pleurica et pulmonalis, Pleurocele — h. Pudendal, 
 Pudendal hernia — h. Sacci lacrymalis. Lachry- 
 mal hernia, Mucocele — h. Scrotalis, Scrotocele — 
 h. Seminalis scroti. Spermatocele — h. of the Sto- 
 mach, Gastrocele — h. Suprapubian, H. inguinal 
 — h. of the Tongue, Glossocele — h. Umbilicalis, 
 Epiplomphalon, Exomphalos — h. Umbilici Aquo- 
 sa, Hydromphalum — h. Urachi, Uromphalus — h. 
 Uteri, Hysterocele — h. Varicose, Cirsocele — h. 
 Varicosa, Varicocele — h. Venarum, Varix — h. 
 Veneris, Hernia humoralis — h. Ventosa, Physo- 
 cele — h. Ventral, see Ventral — h. Ventriculi, Gas- 
 trocele — h. Vesicae Urinarise, Cystocele — h. Zir- 
 balis, Epiplocele. 
 
 HERNIAIRE, Hernial, Herniaria glabra. 
 HER'NIAL, Hernia'riua, (P.) Herniaire. Be- 
 longing to, or concerning hernia: — as Hernial 
 Bandage, Hernial Sac, &c. 
 
 The (F.) Hemic, is applied to a part enveloped 
 in a hernial sac. (F.) Hernieux, Cele'ta, Celo'tes, 
 Rup'tured, Burst, Bursten, means one affected 
 with hernia; and Chirurgien herniaire, one who 
 devotes himself to the treatment of hernia. 
 
 HERNIA'RIA GLABRA, H. vulga'ris seu 
 hirsu'ta seu alpes'tris seu an'nua seu cine'rea seu 
 frutico'sa, Jtlilligra'na, Em'petrnm, Bupticre- 
 leort, from hernia, 'rupture.' (F.) Herniaire, 
 Tnrquette, Herniole, Herbe Turqiie. Ord. Paro- 
 nychieaj. This plant, which as its name imports, 
 was formerly considered efficacious in the cure 
 of hernia, seems destitute of all virtues. 
 HBRNIARIUS, Hernial. 
 HERNIE CHARNUE, Sarcocele— A. de I'Epi- 
 ploon, Epiplocele — h. de I'Estomac, Gastrocele — 
 h. du Foie, Hepatocele — h. Inguinale, Bubonocele 
 — h. du Nombril, Exomphalos — h. Ombilicale, 
 Exomphalos — h. du Pouinon, Pneumocele — h. de 
 la Yessie, Cystocele. 
 HERNIE, Hernial. 
 
HERNIEMPHRAGMUS 
 
 460 
 
 HETEROPROSOPUS 
 
 HERNIEMPHRAG'MUS, Hermemphrax'in, 
 from hernia, and eixtppayfiog, 'obstruction.' The 
 mechanical obstruction of a hernial canal for the 
 radical cure of the hernia. 
 
 HERNIEUX, Hernial. 
 
 HERNIOLE, Herniaria glabra. 
 
 HERNIOTOMY, Celotomia. 
 
 HERO'IC, Hero'icus, Hero'ius, Hero'ns, from 
 'cpias, 'a hero.' An epithet applied to remedies 
 or practice of a violent character. 
 
 HERPEDON, Herpes. 
 
 HERPEN, Herpes. 
 
 HERPES, Erpes, Heri^e'don, Herpen, Serpens, 
 from 'tpn-o), ' I creep ;' because it creeps and 
 spreads about the skin ; Eephly'sis Herpes, Cy- 
 tis'ma Herjies, Tetter, Fret, (P.) Dartre, Olo- 
 pJdyctide. A vesicular disease, which, in most 
 of its forms, passes through a regular course of 
 increase, maturation, decline, and termination, in 
 from 10 to 14 days. The vesicles arise in dis- 
 tinct, but irregular clusters, which commonly ap- 
 pear in quick succession, and near together, on 
 an inflamed base ; generally attended with heat, 
 pain, and considerable constitutional disorder. 
 The term, like all others which refer to cutaneous 
 diseases, has not been accurately defined. The 
 ancients had three varieties : the miliary, Kcy- 
 ^piaios; vesicular, <pXvKTaivu>6ris, and ero'ding, 
 e.a&toii£vos. Bateman has the following varieties: 
 1. Herpes Phlyct^enodes, i/erpes milia'ris, Ec- 
 phly'sis Herpes Milia'ris, Nirles, (F.) Dartre 
 iMyctendide, in which the vesicles are millet- 
 sized ; pellucid; clusters commencing on an un- 
 certain part of the body, and being progressively 
 strewed over the rest of the surface ; succeeded 
 by fresh crops. 2. Herpes Zoster, Zoster, Zona 
 iff'nea seu serp)igino'sa, Ignis Per'sieus, Cinzill'a, 
 Vin'gulum, Sacer ignis, Ecphly'sis Herpes zoster, 
 Herpes peris' eelis, Erysip' elas zoster seu phhjcicB- 
 no'i'des seu pustulo'sa, Zona, Cir'cinus, Perizo'ma, 
 (F.) Ceinture, C. dartreiise, Fete Persique, Ery- 
 eipele pustuleiix, Shingles, (Prov.) Gruels, in 
 Vfhich the vesicles are pearl-sized ; the clusters 
 spreading round the body like a girdle; at times 
 confluent, and occasionally preceded by constitu- 
 tional irritation. 3. Herpes Circina'tus, Eormi'- 
 ca ambulato'ria, An'nuhis re'piens, Herpes Serpi- 
 go, Serpi'go, Ecphly'sis Herpes Circina'tus, Ring- 
 iDorm, Vesic'ular Ringioorm, consisting of vesi- 
 cles with a reddish base, uniting in rings; the 
 area of the rings slightly discoloured, often 
 followed by fresh crops. 4. Herpes Labia'lis, 
 and 5. Herpes Pr^putia'lis, Aphthcs prcBpit'tii, 
 Ulcus' culu pircBpu'tii, appearing, respectively, on 
 the lips and prepuce. 6. Herpes Iris, Iris, Rain- 
 low-worm, occurring in small circular patches, 
 each of which is composed of concentric rings of 
 different colours. To these may be added. Her- 
 pes Ex'edens, H. esthiom' enus seu depascens seu 
 ferm seu estiom'enus seu/erox, Ecjjhly'sis Herpes 
 ex'edens, Darta evccoriati' va seu malig'na, Lu^^us 
 non exedens, Foriyii'ca corrosi'va, Formix, Pap'ula 
 fera. Ulcerative Ringioorm, A'gria, (F.) Dartre 
 rongeante, in which the vesicles are hard ; clusters 
 thronged; fluid dense, yellow or reddish, hot, 
 acrid, corroding the subjacent skin, and spread- 
 ing in serpentine trails. 
 
 All the varieties demand simply an antiphlo- 
 gistic treatment, when attended with febrile irri- 
 tation. The herjyes circinatus, alone, requires 
 the use of astringent applications which have the 
 power of repressing the eruption. 
 
 Herpes Depascens, H. exedens — h. Esthio- 
 menus, H. exedens — h. Estiomenus, H. exedens 
 — ^h. Farinosus, Pityriasis — h. Ferox, H. exedens 
 — h. Ferus, H. exedens — h. Furfuraceus, Pityri- 
 asis — h. Furfuraceus circinatus, Lepra, H. exe- 
 dens — h. Miliaris, H. phlyctaenoides — h. Peris- 
 
 celis, H. zoster — h. Serpigo, H. circinatus — h. 
 Tonsurans, Porrigo decalvans. 
 
 HERPET'IC, Her2}et'icus, (F.) Her2^etique, 
 Dartreux. Possessing the nature of herpes. 
 
 HERPETOG'RAPHY, Herpetograph'ia, from 
 'spTTijs, 'herpes,' and ypa^r;, 'a description.' A de- 
 scription of the different forms of herpes, as Her- 
 petol'ogy, Herpetolo'j"ia, is a treatise on the same, 
 and also on reptiles, from 'ipircTov, 'a reptile.' 
 
 HER'PETON, Her2}et'icon, from 'tpTteiv, 'to 
 creep.' A creeping eruption or ulcer. — Hippo- 
 crates. 
 
 HERPYLOS, Thymus serpyllum. 
 
 HERRENSCWHAND'S SPECIFIC, see Spe- 
 cific of Herrenschwand. 
 
 HERRIN, Urine. 
 
 HERSKET, Ardor ventriculi. 
 
 HESPERIS ALLIARIA, Alliaria. 
 
 HETER ADELPH'IA, Heterodidym'ia', Hetero- 
 dym'ia, from 'cnpo?, 'other,' and absXipoi, 'a 
 brother.' A double monstrosity, in which the 
 components of the double bodies are very unequal, 
 and of which one portion maybe regarded as the 
 stem or trunk, to which another organized part, 
 or even a whole body, less developed than itself, 
 is aflBxed like a parasite. 
 
 HETERADEN'IC, Heteraden'icus, (P.) Hete- 
 radenique, from 'trtpof, 'other,' and ad>iv, 'a gland.' 
 An accidental tissue is so termed, which has a 
 glandular structure, but occurs in parts devoid of 
 glands. 
 
 HETEROCHRON'ICUS, Heferoch'ronus, from 
 'iTcpos, and xpovoi, ' time.' Relating to difference 
 of time. 
 
 Pulsus heterochron'icns. A pulse of varying 
 rhythm. An irregular or intermittent pulse. 
 
 HETEROCHYMEU'SIS, from 'cnpos, and 
 j^vjxevaig, 'mixture.' A state of the blood in 
 which it contains other matters than in health, 
 as urea, bile, &c. 
 
 HETEROCLITE, see Homology, and Tissues. 
 
 HETEROCRANIA, Hemicrania. 
 
 HETEROCRIN'IA, from 'crepos, and Kptpw, 'I 
 separate.' Modification in the situation of secre- 
 tions. — Andral. 
 
 HETERODIDYMIA, Heteradelphia. 
 
 HETERODYMIA, Heteradelphia. 
 
 HETEROGENESIS, see Generation. Also, 
 any anomaly in organic formation. 
 
 HETEROLALIA, Heterophonia. 
 
 HETEROLOGOUS TISSUES, see Tissues. 
 
 HETEROMORPH'ISM, Heteromorphis'mus, 
 from 'cTzpot, and iiopcprj, 'shape.' A deviation 
 from the natural shape of parts. 
 
 HETEROMORPHOUS, see Homology. 
 
 HETEROPA'GIA; from 'erepoi, and irayu, 'I 
 unite together.' A double monstrosity, in which 
 the accessory subject, which is very small and 
 imperfect, but provided with a distinct head, and 
 at least rudimental lower limbs, has its body im- 
 planted on the anterior surface of the body of the 
 principal subject. 
 
 HETEROPATHIC, Allopathic. 
 
 HETEROPHO'NIA, from 'trepoc;, and <l>iovv, 
 'voice.' A cracked or broken voice. A change 
 of the voice or speech — Heterola'lia. 
 
 HETEROPHTHAL'MIA, from 'ercpog, and 
 o(j>&a\iioi, 'eye.' A difference in the two eyes, — 
 as when one squints, or is of a different colour. 
 
 HETEROPLASM'US, from 'trcpos, and T:Xaaixa, 
 'formation.' A morbid formation foreign to the 
 economy, and which is composed of elements 
 different from those that are found in it in the 
 normal condition. 
 
 HETEROPLAS'TY, Heteroplas'tiee, Hetero- 
 pla'sia, from 'crcpo;, and TzXaaaa], '1 form.' Irre- 
 gular plastic or formative actions or operations, 
 that do not admit of exact classification. 
 
 HETEROPROSO'PUS, from 'crcpos, and irpo- 
 
HETEROPUS 
 
 4G1 HIERA DIACOLOCYISTHIDOb 
 
 ffuTToi', ''countenance.' A monster having two 
 face.-=. — Gurlt. 
 
 HET'EROPUS, from 'erepos, and ttov;, 'foot.' 
 One who has one foot different from the other. 
 
 HETEROREXIA. Malacia. 
 
 HETERORRHYTH'MUS, from 'crepog, and 
 pvQjxoi, 'rhythm.' Having another rhythm. An 
 epithet given to the pulse, when it is such, in any 
 individual, as is nsuallv felt at a different age. 
 
 HETEROSARCO'SES, from 'trzpos, and cap^, 
 'flesh.' A class of diseases which consist in the 
 formation of accidental tissues.— Gendrin. 
 
 HETEROTAX'IA, (F.) Eeterotaxie, from 'ete- 
 po?, and rafif, 'order.' A malformation, which 
 consists in the general transposition of organs. 
 A change in the relation of organs. 
 
 HETEROTOP'IA, (F.) Eeterotojne, from 'm- 
 pog, and rorrog, 'place.' A deviation from the 
 natural position of parts. 
 
 H^TRE, Fagus sylvatica. 
 
 HEUCHERA, see H. cortusa — h. Acerifolia, 
 H. cortusa. 
 
 Hecche'ra Cortd'sa, E. America' na sen Ace- 
 rifo'lia seu Yis'cida, Cortu'sa America' na, Alum 
 Root, Amer'ican San'icle, Ground-maple, Cliff- 
 weed, Split-rock. Ord. Saxifragaceas. The root 
 — Eeuchera (Ph. U. S.) — is a powerful astringent, 
 and is the basis of a cancer powder. The Ameri- 
 can Indians apply the powdered root to wounds, 
 ulcers, and cancers. It is said to have been sold 
 for colchieum. 
 
 Heuchera Richardso's^ii, which abounds on 
 the rocks of Churchill River, is used medicinally 
 by the Cree Indians, who chew its astringent 
 root, and apply it as a vulnerary to wounds and 
 sores. 
 
 Heuchera Viscid a, H. cortusa. 
 
 HEUCK-BANE, Ischion. 
 
 HEUDELOTIA AFRICAXA, see Bdellium. 
 
 HEUKS, Singultus. 
 
 HEVEA GUIAXEXSIS, see Caoutchouc. 
 
 HEXAGIUM, Sextu'.a. 
 
 HEX AG ONE ARTERIELLE, see Circulus 
 WiUisii. 
 
 HEXATHTRIDIUMVEXARUM, see Worms. 
 
 HEXIS, 'ffi?. Habit, habit of body, constitu- 
 tion. Hence, hectic, cachectic, &c. 
 
 HEYLE. Sanitas. 
 
 HIA TSAO TOXG TCHOXG, Sphseria 
 Sinensis. 
 
 HIA'TUS, from Mare, hiatnm, 'to gape,' 'to 
 open.' A foramen or aperture. Mouth. The 
 vulva. Also, yawning. 
 
 Hiatus Canalis Fallopii, see Aquseductus 
 Fallopii. 
 
 Hiatus Diaphrag'jiatis Aor'ticus, Semicir'- 
 culns exsculp'tm. The opening in the diaphragm 
 for the passage of the abdominal aorta. 
 
 Hiatus Fallopii, see Aqueeductus Fallopii — 
 h. Occipito petreux, Lacerum posterius foramen 
 — h. Sjiheno-'petreiix, Lacerum anterius foramen. 
 
 Hiatus of Winslow, Fora'men Winslovii, 
 Fora'men of Winsloio. An opening — situate 
 behind th-e lesser omentum, and behind the ves- 
 sels and nerves of the liver — which forms a com- 
 munication between the peritoneal cavity and 
 that of the omenta. 
 
 HIBER'XICUS LAPIS, Teg'ula sen Arde'sia 
 Hiber'nica, Earde'sia, Irish Slate. A kind of 
 slate or very hard stone, found in different parts 
 of Ireland, in masses of a bluish-black colour, 
 ■which stains the hands. It has been taken, 
 powdered, .in spruce-beer, against inward con- 
 tusions. 
 
 HIBISCUS, Althsea. 
 
 HiBls'cus Abelmos'chus, Abelmos'chua mos- 
 cha'tus. Ord. Malvaceae. The name of the 
 plant, whose seeds are C9.11ed Grana Iloschi or 
 
 J/usl-seed. It is the Behnm'chus, Abelmos'cJuis, 
 Granum Iloschi, Ket'mia JEfjyptiaca, MoHchus 
 Ar'abiim, JEgyp'lia moscha'ta, Bamix moscha'ta, 
 Al'cea, A. Lid'ica sen ^gyptiaca Villo'sa, Abel- 
 mosch, Abelmnsl; Jluskmallow, (F.) Graine de 
 Muse, Eerbe a la poudre de Chypre, Ambrette, 
 Guiinanve veloutee. It is indigenous in Egypt 
 and the Indies. The seeds are chiefly used as 
 perfumes; and especially in the formation of 
 Cyprus Poicder. 
 
 Hibiscus Esculen'tus, Oln-a, Ohro, Gombo. 
 A plant, the green pods of which abound in mu- 
 cilage, and are much used in the West Indies for 
 soups. 
 
 HiBls'cus Popule'us, Baliniba'go. A small 
 Molucca tree. The fruit is full of a juice similar 
 to camboge. The root is emetic. It is used in 
 chronic diarrhoea, colic, dyspepsia, &c. 
 
 HIBRIDA, Hybrid. 
 
 HICCOUGH, Singultus. 
 
 HICCUP, Singultus. 
 
 HICK'ORY. The name of several American 
 trees of the genus Carya ; Order, Juglandacese. 
 The leaves are usually aromatic ; and are reputed 
 to be antispasmodic [?]. The bark of those species 
 that have bitter nuts, as Carya ama'ra and C. 
 porci'na,\^ somewhat astringent. Some of them 
 bear fruit that is much esteemed, as Carya olivm- 
 formis. Pecan' or Peccan' nut, and C. sidca'ta, 
 Shellbark. 
 
 HIDDEX SEIZURES. An expression em- 
 ployed by Dr. Marshall Hall for obscure ence- 
 phalic and spinal attacks, of an epileptoid cha- 
 racter for example, which may be immediately 
 owing to trachelismus. 
 
 HIDE-BOUXD, Induration of the cellular 
 tissue. 
 
 HIDRISCHESIS, Hidroschesis. 
 
 HIDROA, Desudatio, Echauboulnres, Hydroa, 
 Sudamina. 
 
 HIDROX'OSUS, Eidronu'sus, from 'tipo,?, 
 'sweat,' and i-oo-of, 'a disease.' A disease accom- 
 panied by violent sweats. Sudor Anglicus. 
 
 HIDROXUSUS, Hidronosus. 
 
 HIDROPEDESIS, Ephidrosis. 
 
 HIDROPHOROS, Sudoriferous, 
 
 HIDROPOETICUM, Sudorific. 
 
 HIDROPYRA, Sudor Anglicus. 
 
 HIDROPYRETOS, Sudor Anglicus. 
 
 HIDRORRHCEA, Ephidrosis. 
 
 HIDR0S,'i(5puf, 'iif>(i)To;, Sudor, 'sweat.' Hence 
 — Eidropyra, Eidrosis, &c. 
 
 HIDROS'CHESIS, Eidris'chesis, lieten'tio su- 
 do'ris, from hidros, and (r;^£(Tif, 'retention.' Sup- 
 pression of perspiration. 
 
 HIDROSIS, Ephidrosis. 
 
 HIDROTERIOX, Achicolum. 
 
 HIDROTERIUM, Sudorific. 
 
 HIDROTICUM, Sudorific. 
 
 HIDRO'TIUM, Diminutive of hidros. A 
 gentle sweat or perspiration. 
 
 HIDROTOPCEUM, Sudorific. 
 
 EIEBLE, Sambucus ebulus. 
 
 HI'ERA DIACOLOCYX'THIDOS, from 'upog. 
 'holy.' Eieraof Colocynth. An electuary, com- 
 posed of 10 parts of colocynth, as much agaric, 
 germander, white horehound, stcechas: — 5 parts 
 of opoponax, as much sagapienum, parsley, round 
 birthicort root, and lohite pepper: — 4 parts of 
 spikenard, cinnamon, myrrh, and saffron ; and 3 
 pounds, 3 ounces, and 5 drachms of honey. 
 
 HiERA OF Colocynth, H. Diacolocynthidos — 
 h. Logadii, Hiera piora. 
 
 HiERA PiCRA, from 'itpos, 'holy,' and -niKpo;, 
 'bitter.' Eoly bitter, Pulris aloet'icus, formerly 
 called Eiera loga'dii when made into an electu- 
 ary with honey. It is nowTiept in the form of 
 dry powder;— prepared by mixing aocotrine aloes, 
 
HIERACITES 
 
 462 
 
 HIPPURIS VULGARIS 
 
 one pound, with 3 ounces of eanella alba. See 
 Pulvis aloes cum eanella. 
 
 HiERA Syrinx, Vertebral column. Epilepsy. 
 
 HIERACI'TES, 'lapaKirrn, from 'upa^, 'upaKOS, 
 *a hawk,' Lapis Aec.ip'itrum. The ancient name 
 of a precious stone, believed to be capable of ar- 
 resting the hemorrhoidal flux. — Pliny, Galen, 
 Paulus. 
 
 HIERACrUM LACHENALII, H. murorum. 
 
 HiERA'cinr MuRo'RUjr, H. Lachena'lii, Pul- 
 mona'ria Gall'ica, Aiiric'iila mu'ris major, (F.) 
 JUperviire des mtiraillcs, Piilmonaire des Frangais. 
 Ord. CompositEe. A European plant, which is a 
 slight tonic. 
 
 HiERAciDjr OLERACEtTir, Sonchus oleraceus. 
 
 HrERACitTsr Pilosel'la. The systematic name 
 of the Auric'ula Man's, Pilosel'la, P. Alpi'ua, 
 Myoso'tis, 3fouse-ear, (P.) Piloselle, Oreille de 
 Souris. This plant contains a bitter, lactescent 
 juice, which has a slight degree of astringency. 
 The roots are more powerful than the leaves. 
 
 Hiera'cium Veno'sum, Hattlestiakeweed, Veiny 
 Hawkweed, Bloodwort, indigenous, has similar 
 properties. 
 
 HIERANOSUS, Chorea, Convulsion, Epilepsy. 
 
 HIERAX, Accipiter. 
 
 HIEROBOTANE, Verbena officinalis. 
 
 HIBROGLYPH'ICA, from 'upo;, 'holy,' and 
 yXu^u, 'I carve.' A name given to the signs 
 employed in medicine ; and, also, to the folds in 
 the hands, feet, and forehead, which afford chi- 
 romancy its pretended oracles. 
 
 HIEROPYR, Erysipelas. 
 
 HIKRY PIKRY, Pulvis aloes et CanellEe. 
 
 HILL'S BALSAM OF HONEY, see Balsam 
 of Honey, Hill's — h. Essence of Bardana, Tinctura 
 guaiacse. 
 
 HILLBERRY, Gaultheria. 
 
 HILL FEVER, see Fever, hill. 
 
 HILON (F.), Hilum, improperly Hlhts, 'the 
 black spot on the top of a bean.' A name given 
 by some writers to a small blackish tumour, 
 formed by the protrusion of the iris through an 
 opening in the transparent cornea, so called from 
 its comparison with the hile or black mark pre- 
 sented by the vicia faba at one of its extremities. 
 ■Jn Botany, the Hile or Hilum is the cicatricula 
 of a seed, which indicates the place by which it 
 was attached in the cavity of the pericarp. It 
 is the umbilicus of the seed. The fissure of the 
 spleen, kidney, lung, ovary, &c., is, also, called 
 Hilns. See Porta. 
 
 HILUS, Hilon. 
 
 HiLUS Liena'lis, Incisu'ra Uena'lis. The con- 
 cave part of the spleen. 
 
 HlLUS Rena'lis, Incisu'ra rena'lis, Hilus of 
 the kidnexj. The concave part of the kidney. 
 
 HILWORT, Mentha pulegium. 
 
 HIMANTOMA, see Himas. 
 
 HIMANTOSIS, Himas. 
 
 HIMAS, hfiai, 'ifiavTo;, *a thong of leather.' 
 The uvula; likewise, elongation, and extenuation 
 of the uvula. It is also called Himanto'sis, Hi- 
 manto'ma. See Staphylcedema. 
 
 HIMEROS, Libido. 
 
 HINDBERRIES, see Rubus idaus. 
 
 HINDHEEL, Taaacetum. 
 
 HIP, Haunch, Hypochondriasis — h. Bone, 
 Ischium — h. Disease, Coxarum morbus — h. Joint, 
 Coxofemoral articulation — h. Tree, Rosa canina. 
 
 HIP'PACE, 'irnaKri, from 'itriro;, 'a. horse.' 
 Ga'seus Equi'nua. A cheese prepared from mare's 
 milk. 
 
 HIPPANTHRO'PIA, from 'iTn-of, 'a horse,' 
 and ay^pcjJTOf, ' a man.' A variety of melancholy, 
 in which the patient believes himself changed to 
 a horse. The Greek word '(jnravSpujroj, means 
 the fabulous Centaur. 
 
 HIPPASIA, Equitation. 
 
 HIPPED, Hypochondriac. 
 
 HIPPEIA, Equitation. 
 
 HIPPEUSIS, Equitation. 
 
 HIPPIA'TER, Hippi'dtros, Med'icus equa'rius, 
 from 'nrnos, ' a horse,' and 'larpos, ' a physician.' 
 A farrier. A horse doctor. Used also for one 
 who treats the diseases of other domestic animals ; 
 Veteriua'rius, Jfulonted'icus, Med'icus Veteri]ia'^- 
 riiis, Zoid'trus. 
 
 HIPPIATRI'A, Hippiat' rica, Hippiat'rice, 
 Medici'na equa'ria, (F.) Hippiatrique. A science, 
 whose object is the knowledge of the diseases of 
 the horse. It is sometimes made to include other 
 domestic animals. See Veterinary art. 
 
 HIPPIATRIQUE, Hippiatria. 
 
 HIPPIATRUS, Hippiater. 
 
 HIPPO, Ipecacuanha. A corruption, in Ire- 
 land, of Ipecacuanha; and hence applied, at 
 times, in the United States, to the American 
 plant. Euphorbia Corollata, which is, also, called 
 Ipecacuanha. 
 
 Hippo, Indian, Gillenia trifoliata. 
 
 HIPPOOAMPE GRANDE, Cornu ammonis. 
 
 HIPPOCAMPUS MAJOR, Cornu ammonis. 
 
 Hippocam'pus Minor, Pes liippocam' pi minor, 
 {'iTtTTOKaiiTTos, 'the sea horse.') Unguis, U. Ada 
 seu Halleri, O'crea, Collic'uhis ca'vecB posterio'ris 
 ventriculo'runi latera'lium, Calcar a'vis, Uu'cifona 
 Em'inenee, (F.) Ergot, Eperon. A medullary tu- 
 bercle or projection, observed in the posterior 
 cornu of the lateral ventricle of the brain. 
 
 HIPPOCENTAUREA CENTAURIUM, Chi~ 
 ronia centaurium. 
 
 HIPPOCRAS, Claret. 
 
 HIPPOCRATES. CAP OF, Bonnet d'Hippo- 
 crate — h. Sleeve, Chausse, 
 
 lll'P'POQ'RAT'lC,Hipp>ocrat'icus. Relating to 
 Hippocrates, or concerning his doctrine, — as Hip- 
 piocratic doctrine, Hippocratic face, &c. 
 
 HIPPOC'RATISM, lf!>;jocra«wOT'«s. The doe- 
 trine of Hippocrates, which consisted in observing 
 and following nature, as indicated by her pre- 
 sumed efforts, and the crises set up by her. 
 
 HIPPOC'RATIST. A partisan of the Hippo- 
 cratic doctrine. 
 
 HIPPOGONYOLEPUS, Crusta genu equinse. 
 
 HIPPOLAPATHUM, Rumex patienta. 
 
 HIPPOLITHUS, Bezoard of the horse. 
 
 HIPPOM'ANB MANCINEL'LA, ('tTTrof, 'a 
 horse,' and fiavia, 'madness,' 'horse, or violent 
 madness,') J/ancAuiee^, (F.) Mancenillier. Family, 
 Euphorbiacese. Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia. 
 A poisonous tree of South America, with the 
 milky juice of which the Indians poison their 
 arrows. The fruit, also, is highly poisonous. 
 
 HIPPOMARATHRUM, Peucedanum silaus. 
 
 HIPPOPATHOL'OGY, Hippop atholog' 'ia, 
 from.'fTnroy, ' a horse,' jraSof, 'a disease,' and \oyoi, 
 'a discourse.' The science of the diseases of 
 the horse. Pathology of the horse. 
 
 HIPPOPHAGOUS, Equivorous. 
 
 HIPPOPUS, see Kyllosis. 
 
 HIPPOS, Equus. 
 
 HIPPOSELINUM, Smyrnium olusatrum. 
 
 HIPPOSTEOL'OGY, Hipposteolog" ia, from 
 'iTTTTof, 'a horse,' oartov, 'a bone,' and Aoyoj, 'a 
 discourse.' Osteology of the horse. 
 
 HIPPOT'OMY, Hippotom'ia, from 'ix^of, 'a 
 horse,' and TSfivetv, ' to cut.' Anatomy of the 
 horse. 
 
 HIPPU'RIA, from 'ivnos, 'a horse,' and ovpov, 
 'urine,' because the urine contains hippuric acid, 
 which is found in the urine of the horse. A pa- 
 thological condition, in which there is an excess 
 of hippuric acid in the urine. 
 
 HIPPURIC ACID, see Acid, hippuric. 
 
 HIPPURIS VULGA'RIS, from 'ikkos, 'a 
 
HIPPUS 
 
 46 3 
 
 HOLLY 
 
 horse,' and ovpa, 'a tail.' The systematic nnrne 
 of the Horse's Toil, Ifnre's Tail, Eqiiise'tum mi- 
 nus, Eqidse'tum, (P.) Prele, Presle, Asprele, Queue 
 de- cheval. It is an astringent, and frequently 
 used, as tea, by the vulgar, in diarrhoea and he- 
 morrhage. The same virtues are attributed to 
 the Eqaise'tum arven'se, fluoiat'ile, limo'sum, &c. 
 
 HIPPUS, Equus, Nicta'tio, from 't-KKOi, 'a 
 horse.' A disease of the eyes, in which, from 
 birth; they perpetually twinkle, like those of a 
 man on horseback. [?] Also, a tremulous condition 
 of the iris, which occasions repeated alternations 
 of contraction and dilatation of the pupil; Jri- 
 dot'romus, Iridodone'sis, Iridoi^ila'nia, Tremor 
 I'ridis. 
 
 HIPS, Sax. heopa. The fruit of the dog-rose, 
 Rosa cani'na : chiefly used as a confection. See 
 Confectio Rosas CaninjB. 
 
 HIRCIS'MirS, Hircus, Hirquus, from liircus, 
 'a goat.' Stinking like a goat: — applied espe- 
 cially to the odour of the secretions of the axilla. 
 
 HIRCUS, Canthus (greater), Hircismus, Tra- 
 gus — h. Alarum, Cinabra. 
 
 HIRPLING, Claudication. 
 
 HIRQUITAL'ITAS, from hircus, 'a goat,' Pa- 
 rapho'nia pu'berum. Goat's voice. See Egophony. 
 
 HIRQUUS, Hircus, Canthus (greater), Hircis- 
 mus, Tragus. 
 
 HIRSU'TIES, Bas'yma, Das'ytes, Tricho'sis, 
 Hirsa'ties, Hair'iness. Growth of hairs on extra- 
 neous parts, or, superfluous growth on parts ; as 
 in cases of bearded women. — Good. AVhen con- 
 genital, it is termed Hirsu'ties adiin'ta. 
 
 HIRU'DO, The Leech, Saiujxiisn'sa, BdeUa : 
 from haurio, ' I draw out,' or from hmreo, 'I stick.' 
 [?] In medicine, Hiru'do J/edicina'lis, Bdella 
 Medicina'lis or Medic" inal Leech, (F.) Snngsne, 
 is employed. In the United States, H. dec'ora 
 is used. The leech lives in fresh water, and 
 feeds on the blood of animals, which it sucks, 
 after having pierced the skin with its three sharp 
 teeth. This habit has been taken advantage of, 
 to produce local blood-letting. In applying the 
 leech, the part must bo wiped dry ; and if there 
 be difficulty in making it sucfe^ a little milk or 
 cream may be applied. When satiated, it will 
 drop off, and by applying a little salt or vinegar 
 to its head it will disgorge the blood. A good 
 English leech will take about half an ounce of 
 blood, including that which flows by fomenting 
 the part subsequently. The American takes less. 
 
 HiRtTDO Artificialis, Antlia sanguisuga — h. 
 Decora, see Hirudo — h. Medicinalis, Hirudo. 
 
 HIRUNDINARIA, Asclepias vincetoxicum, 
 Lysimachia nummularia. 
 
 HIRUN'DO, Chel'idon, from hcp.rendo, 'stick- 
 ing;' because it sticks its nests against the 
 houses [?]. The Swallow. The nests of the 
 swallow were once employed as rubefacients, 
 boiled in vinegar. 
 
 HISPANICUM VIRIDE, Cupri subacetas. 
 
 HISPIDITAS, Dystoechiasis, Phalangosis. 
 
 HISPIDULA, Antennaria dioicum. 
 
 HISSING RESPIRATION, see Kdle sibilant. 
 
 HISTIOLOGICAL, Histological. 
 
 HISTIOLOGY, Histology. 
 
 HISTOCHEMIA, see Chymistry. 
 
 HISTOCHYMY, see Chymistry. 
 
 HISTOCHEMISTRY, see Chymistry. 
 
 HISTODIAL'YSIS, from 'kttos, 'organic tex- 
 ture,' and iiaXvaig, 'dissolution.' A morbid dis- 
 solution of the tissues. 
 
 HISTOGENET'IC, Histogenet'icus, ' Tissue 
 making.' Same etymon as the nest. Relating, or 
 appertaining to histogeny or the formation and 
 development of the organic textures. 
 
 HiSTOGENETIC ELEMENTS OF NUTRITIOJf, 366 
 
 Plastic Element. 
 
 HI3T0G"ENY, Histogen' ia, Histogen'esis, 
 
 Tissue formation, from 'lo-roy, 'the organic tex- 
 ture,' and yev€(Tis, 'generation.' The formation 
 and development of the organic textures. 
 
 HISTOLOGIA, Histology. 
 
 HISTOLOG"ICAL, Histolog" icus, Histiolog"- 
 ical, Hi8tiolog"{cus. Same etymon as the next. 
 Relating to histology. Applied, also, at times, 
 to the natural transformations that occur in the 
 tissues in the embryo, in contradistinction to 
 morphological, which applies to the alterations in 
 the form of the several parts of the embryo. 
 
 HISTOL'OGY, Histolog"ia, Hiatiol'ogy, His- 
 tiolog"ia, from 'laros, 'the organic texture,' and 
 Aoyus, 'a description. Anatomy (general). The 
 term is, also, more particularly appropriated to 
 the minute anatomy of the tissues. See Ana- 
 tomy. 
 
 Patholog"ical Hisfol'ogy, Microscop'ic pnlho- 
 log"ical Anat'omy, is the morbid anatomy of the 
 tissues. 
 
 HISTOL'YSIS, from 'loroj, 'the organic tex- 
 ture,' and \vaLS, 'solution.' The decay and dis- 
 solution of the organic tissues, and of the blood. 
 It includes the various forms of retrograde meta- 
 morphosis and degeneration. 
 
 HISTON'OMY, //wtonom'i'a, from 'lorof, 'the 
 organic texture,' and radios, 'law.' The aggregate 
 of laws, which preside over the formation and 
 arrangement of the organic tissues. 
 
 HIS'TORY, MED'ICAL, Histo'ria Medici'ufs. 
 A narration of the chief circumstances, and the 
 persons connected with them, in the progress of 
 medicine. 
 
 HIST'OS, 'lOToy, 'a web or tissue,' 'the organic 
 texture;' Textu'ra sen Tela organ'ica. 
 
 HISTOT'OMY, Histotom'ia, from 'laroi, 'or- 
 ganic texture,' and Tofirj, 'incision.' Dissectiori 
 of the tissues. 
 
 HIVE, Hives. 
 
 Hive Syrup, Syrupus seillse compositus. 
 
 HIVES, Cynanche trachealis, Urticaria, Vari- 
 cella. In Scotland, according to Dr. Jameson, 
 Hives or Hyves means any eruption of the skin, 
 proceeding from an internal cause; and, in Lo- 
 thian, it is used to denote both the red and the 
 yellow gum. In the United States, it is vaguely 
 employed : most frequently, perhaps, for Urti- 
 caria. 
 
 Hives, Bold, Cynanche trachealis, Urticaria 
 — h. Eating, Rupia escharotica. 
 
 HOARSENESS, Raucedo. 
 
 HOAST, Tussis. 
 
 HOBBIL. Idiot. 
 
 HOB-NAIL LIVER, Cirrhosis of the liver, 
 Liver, nutmeg. 
 
 HOC, Alcea rosea. 
 
 HOCK, Poples. 
 
 HOCKS, Alcea rosea. 
 
 HOD, Crick in the neck. 
 
 HOFF, Poples. 
 
 HOG-LICE, Onisci aselli. 
 
 HOGWORT, Heptallon graveolens. 
 
 HOIST, Tussis. 
 
 HOLANENCEPHA'LIA, from 'oXoj, 'entire,' 
 and aiiencephalia, 'absence of brain.' Entire 
 absence of brain, — the same as Anencephalia. — 
 L G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 HOLARTHRITIS, Hamarthritis. 
 
 HOLCE, 'oAk7. a drachm. — Galen. 
 
 HOL'CIMOS, 'oXxiiio;, from 'oX(o/, 'a weight.' 
 A tumour of the liver. 
 
 HOLCUS SORGHUM, Panicum Italicum. 
 
 HOLENE, Ilex aquifolium. 
 
 HOLERA, Cholera. 
 
 HOLES, BURNT, Rupia escharotica. 
 
 HOLLANDS, Gin. 
 
 HOLLEN, Ilex aquifolium. 
 
 HOLLY, AMERICAN, Ile.^ opaca — h. Com- 
 mon, Ilex aquifolium — h. Dahoon, Ilex vomitoris 
 
HOLLYHOCK 
 
 4(34 
 
 HONEYCOMB BAG 
 
 — h. Ground, Pyrola maculata, Pyrola umoellata 
 — h. Sea, Ervngium taaritimum. 
 
 HOLLYHOCK, COMMOX, Alcea rosea. 
 
 HOLMES WEED, Scrophularia nodosa. 
 
 HOLMICOS, Alveolus. 
 
 HOLMOS, Mortar. 
 
 HOLOCYKOX, Teuerium ehamsepitys. 
 
 HOLOGAN&LIITIS, Cholera. 
 
 HOLOXARCO'SIS, from 'oAo?, 'whole,' and 
 papKkicif, 'stupor.' Xareosis of the whole body. 
 Torpefac'tio universa'Us. 
 
 HOLOPHLYCTIDES, Phlyctajna. 
 
 HOLOSTEUM ALSIXE, Alsine media. 
 
 HOLOSTEUS, Osteocolla. 
 
 HOLOTETAXUS, see Tetanus. 
 
 HOLOTOXIA, Holotonicus, Tetanus. 
 
 HOLOTOX'ICUS, 'o\os, 'the whole,' and rnvu, 
 'I stretch.' Holotoa' ia. A spasm of the whole 
 body ; — a variety of tetanus. — Sauvages. 
 
 HOLY^X, Hex aquifolium. 
 
 HOL'YWELL, MIXERAL WATERS OF. 
 Holywell is a town in Wales, and takes its name 
 from the famous well of St. AVinifred. It is a 
 simple cold water, remarkable for its purity. 
 
 HOMACtRA, Omagra. 
 
 HOMEOPATHY, Homoeopathy. 
 
 HOMERDA, Stercus humanum. 
 
 HOME'RIA COLLI'XA, Cape Tulip. A poi- 
 sonous South African plant, Nat. Orel, Irideffi, 
 the bulb of which acts as a violent acro-narcotic, 
 producing fatal results very speedily. 
 
 HOMESICKXESS, Xostalgia. 
 
 HOMICI'DAL, Tnicnlen'tiis, Ferns, from homo, 
 'man,' and ccedo, 'I kill.' Pertaining or relating 
 to homicide or the killing of man. 
 
 Homicidal Insan'ity, Homici' dal Monoma'nia, 
 (F.) Monomanic homicide. Insanity, with an 
 irresistible impulse to destroy life. 
 
 HOMILIA, Coition. 
 
 HOM'IXY. A word of Indian derivation. 
 Maize or Indian corn hulled and coarsely broken. 
 It is prepared for food by being mixed with water 
 and boiled. 
 
 Hominy, Wheaten, see Groats. 
 
 HOMIOSIS, Homoiosis. 
 
 BOMJIE, Homo. 
 
 HOMO, (F.) Homme, Man,— the chief and most 
 perfect of the mammalia; in Greek, avSpdi-og, 
 Anthro'pos, from ava, 'upwards,' and Tpczu), 'I 
 turn;' because man, alone, of all animals, pos- 
 sesses the natural power of standing erect. He 
 is, also, the only animal whose incisor teeth, 
 wedged in a projecting jaw, are absolutely ver- 
 tical. Man is especially distinguished from other 
 mammalia by the faculty, which he possesses, of 
 classing his ideas ; comparing them with each 
 other ; and connecting, representing, and trans- 
 mitting them by signs and articulate sounds. He 
 possesses, in the highest degree, all the attributes 
 of intelligence, — memory, judgment, and imagi- 
 nation. He inhabits all countries, — the burning 
 regions of the torrid zone, and the chilling at- 
 mosphere of the polar climes. In different situa- 
 tions, he presents, in his figure, colour, and sta- 
 ture, differences which have caused mankind to 
 be divided by naturalists into races or varieties. 
 The number of such races can only be approxi- 
 mated. Blumenbach admits five, the Caucasian, 
 Ethiopian, Jfongoliati, Malay, and American. 
 Every division must necessarily be arbitrary, and 
 the individuals composing each variety are far 
 from being alike. 
 
 Homo Alatus, see Alatus. 
 
 Homo Cauda'tcs, 'Tailed man.' A fabulous, 
 tailed variety of the human species, 'incola orbis 
 antarctiei,' admitted by Linnseus, although he is 
 uncertain whether to rank them with men or 
 apes ! 
 
 Homo Fattjus, Idiot. 
 
 HOMOED'RUS, from hi^ov, 'together,' and 
 'eSpa, 'seat.' Having the same seat. J/orbi ho- 
 moedri : — diseases that have the same seat. 
 
 HOMCEOMORPHOUS, see Homology. 
 
 HOMOEOPATH, Homoeopathist. 
 
 HOMCEOPATH'IC, Homceopath' icus, Eomce- 
 op'athes. Relating to homceopathy. 
 
 HOMCEOPATHIE, Homoeopathy. 
 
 HOMCEOP'ATHIST, Ho'mceopath, ffomoeo- 
 path' iciis, HomaopatMs' ta, Homoeopathia' tes. One 
 who believes in homoeopathy. 
 
 HOilCEOP'ATHY, Bomceopathi'a, Ars homce- 
 opath'iea, Homoeop'athy, Hahn' emannism, Dt/iia- 
 mop'athy, (F.) Momveopathie, Homceotherapeu- 
 tique, Homceos7jmp)athie, Doctrine homoeo-organ- 
 ique, from 'opioios, 'like,' and na&os, 'afi'ection.' 
 A fanciful doctrine, which maintains, that disor- 
 dered actions in the human body are to be cured 
 by inducing other disordered actions of a like 
 kind, and this to be accomplished by infinitesi- 
 mally small doses, often of apparently inert 
 agents; the deeillionth part of a grain of char- 
 coal, for example, is an authorized dose. It has 
 also been called Glob'ulism. 
 
 HOMCEOSIS, Homoiosis. 
 
 H0M(E0SY3IPATHIE, Homoeopathy. 
 
 H02I(E0THERAPEUT1QUE, Homoeo- 
 pathy.. 
 
 HOMCEOZ'YGY, from 'opioios, 'like,' and ^uj/ou, 
 'I join together.' (F.) Soi-pour-soi. The law 
 of association of organs, by which like parts ad- 
 here to like parts. — Serres. 
 
 HOMOETHXIA, Sympathy. 
 
 HOMOGEXESIS, see Generation. 
 
 HOMOIOPATHIA, Sympathy. 
 
 HOMOIO'SIS, Homceo'sis, Homio'sis, from 
 'ojioioia, 'I resemble,' 'I assimilate.' An elabora- 
 tion of the nutritious juice, by which it becomes 
 proper for assimilation. 
 
 HOMOLIXOX, see Apolinosis. 
 
 HOMOLOGOUS, see Homology. 
 
 HOM'OLOGUE, Homol'ogus, same etymon as 
 homology. A term applied to the same organ in 
 different animals under every variety of form and 
 function. — Owen. 
 
 HOMOL'OGY, from 'ojioin;, 'like,' and 'Xoyoi, 
 'a description.' The doctrine of similarity of 
 structure. Thus, the two sides of the body are 
 said to be 'homologous.' Eomol'ogous, homo- 
 morph'ous, or homceomorph'ous tissues are those 
 that resemble others ; in opposition to heterol'o- 
 gous, het'eroclite, or heteromorph'ous, which are 
 new formations. Homology seems now to be 
 accepted as the designation of the doctrine or 
 study, the subject of which is the relations of the 
 parts of animal bodies. — Owen. 
 
 HOMOMORPHOUS, see Homology. 
 
 HOMOXOPAGIA, Cephalalgia. 
 
 HOMOPH'AGUS, from 'uipoi, 'raw,' and ^ayta, 
 'I eat.' One who eats raw flesh. 
 
 HOMOPLAS'TY, Homodpla'sia, from 'opioiog, 
 'like,' and -nXatjau), 'I form.' The formation of 
 homologous tissues. 
 
 HOMOPLATA, Scapula-. 
 
 HOMOT'OXOS, JEqua'lis, from 'ojiog, 'equal.' 
 and Tovo;, 'tone.' That which has the same tone. 
 A continued fever, whose symptoms have an 
 equal intensity during the whole course of the 
 disease, has been so called. See Acmasticos, and 
 Synocha. 
 
 HOXESTY, Lunaria rediviva, 
 
 HOXEWORT, FIELD, Sison nmomum. 
 
 HOXEY, Mel— h. Balsam of, Hill'.s see Mel— 
 h. Bloom, Apocynum androsaemifolium — h. of 
 Boras, Mel boracis — h. Clarified, Mel despuma- 
 tum — h. Prepared, Mel pra;paratum — h. of Roses, 
 Mel rosse — h. of Squill, compound, Syrupus sciUae 
 compositus. 
 
 HONEYCOMB BAG, Reticulum. 
 
HONEYSUCKLE 
 
 4 65 
 
 HOSPITAL 
 
 HONEYSUCKLE, Lonicera periolymenum — 
 h. Bush, Diervilla trifida — h. Scarlet, Lonicera 
 sempervirens — h. Trumpet, Lonicera semper- 
 ■virens. 
 
 HONEY SUGAR, Glucose. 
 
 HONGLANE, Coptis teeta. 
 , HONOR CAPITIS, see Capillus. 
 
 EONORATRE, Sostrum. 
 I HONORARIUM, Sostrum. 
 
 HONTEUX, Pudic. 
 
 HOODWORT, Scutellaria lateriflora. 
 
 HOOK, Sax. hoce, hooc, Dutch, hoeek. Un- 
 cus, Unc"inus, Anc'yra, (F.) JEn'gne, Airirjne ou 
 Erine. An instrument, consisting of a steel wire, 
 flattened at the middle, and having the extremi- 
 ties crooked and pointed. Some hooks are fur- 
 nished with a handle at one extremity — the other 
 having one or two hooks; — constituting the single 
 or double hook. The hook is used by anatomists 
 and surgeons to lay hold of, and raise up, certain 
 parts, the dissection of which is delicate, or which 
 would slip from the fingers. 
 
 The Tenaculum is a variety of the hook. 
 
 Hook, Blunt, Ich'thya, Ich'thye. Onyx, Unguis 
 ferr'eus. An instrument which is passed over 
 the flexures of the joints to assist in bringing 
 down the foetus in parturition. 
 
 HOOP TREE, Melia azedarach. 
 
 HOOPER'S PILLS, Pilula3 Aloes et Myrrhse. 
 
 HOOPING-COUGH, Pertussis — h. Roche's 
 Embrocation for, see Roche. 
 
 EOPITAL, Hospital — A. des Foits, Morotro- 
 phium. 
 
 HOPLOCHRIS'MA, from 'on\ov, 'a weapon,' 
 find ^ptaijia, 'salve.' Unguen'tum arma'rium, 
 Arm'atory Unguent. A salve which was sup- 
 posed to cure wounds by sympathy, — the instru- 
 ment with which the wound was inflicted being 
 anointed with it. 
 
 HOPLOMOCH'LION, 'o^XoixoxXiov, from 'orrXov, 
 'a weapon,' and fio)(\oq, 'a lever.' The name of 
 an iron machine or apparatus, which embraced 
 the whole body like armour. A figure of it is 
 given by Fiibricius ab Aquapendente. 
 
 HOP, Humulus lupulus — h. Pillow, see Humu- 
 lus lupulus — h. Plant, Humulus lupulus. 
 
 HOPS, see Humulus lupulus. 
 
 HOQUET, Singultus, 
 
 HORA, Hebe. 
 
 HOR^A, Menses. 
 
 HORJEOTES, Maturity. 
 
 HORDEI MALTUM, Malt. 
 
 HORDE'OLUM, diminutive ot ITordeum, 'h^- 
 ley.' Orde'olum, Pos'thia, Sderophthal' mia, Cri- 
 fJie, Crithid'ion, Crythe, Stye, Sty an, Stine, (F.) 
 Orgelet, Orgeolet. A small, inflammatory tu- 
 mour, of the nature of a boil, which exhibits 
 itself near the free edge of the eyelids, particu- 
 larly near the inner angle of the eye. 
 
 HOR'DEUM, Or'deum, Crithe. The seeds of 
 Hordeum vulga're or Scotch Barley, Ord. Gra- 
 mineas, are ranked amongst the Cerealia. (F.) 
 Orge. They aiford a mucilaginous decoction, 
 which is employed as a diluent and antiphlo- 
 gistic. The seeds of the Hordeum dis'tichon seu 
 CBSti'vum, Zeoc'riton dis'tichum, and H. hexas'- 
 tichon possess similar properties. Barley is freed 
 from its shells in mills, forming the Hor'deum 
 munda'tum seu decortica'tum seu e x cor tica' turn, 
 Hor'deum of the Pharmacopoeias ; and, at times, 
 is rubbed into small, round grains, somewhat 
 like pearls, when it is called Hordeum perla'tum, 
 Pearl Barley, (F.) Orge perle, and forms the 
 Hordeum denuda'tum seu ^je)'Za'<!(m, the Hordei 
 sem'ina tu'nicis mida'ta, of the Pharmacopoeias, 
 —Hordeum (Ph. U. S.) 
 
 HoEDEDM Causticum, Veratrum sabadilla — h. 
 Decortieatum, see Hordeum — h. Denudatum, see 
 SO 
 
 Hordeum — h. Excorticatum, see Hordeum — h. 
 Galacticum, Oryza — h. Mundatum, see Hordeum 
 — h. Perlatum, see Hordeum. 
 
 HOREHOUND, Marrubium — h. Black, Bal- 
 lota foetida — h. Germander-leaved, Eupatorium 
 teuerifolium — h. Stinking, Ballota foetida — h. 
 Water, Lycopus sinuatus, Lyeopus Virginicus — 
 h. Wild, Eupatorium rotundifolium, E. teueri- 
 folium. 
 
 HORME, Instinct. 
 
 HORMINUM, Salvia horminum— h. Colora- 
 tum. Salvia horminum — h. Sativum, Salvia hor- 
 minum. 
 
 HORMON, Enormon. 
 
 HORN. Cornu. 
 
 HORN POX, see Varicella. 
 
 HORNSEED, Ergot. 
 
 HORNY, Corneous. 
 
 Horny Excres'cences, Lepido'sis, Ichthyi'a- 
 sis cornig"era, Cor'nua cuta'nea, (F.) Comes de 
 la Peuu. Certain excrescences, which occasion- 
 ally form on some part of the skin, and resemble, 
 in shape, the horns of an animal. 
 
 Horny Substance, see Tooth. 
 
 HORRENTIA, Horripilation. 
 
 HOR'RIDA CUTIS, Goose-sJcin, Cutis anee- 
 ri'na, Dermatospasm'ns, Spasmus peripher'icus. 
 A state of the skin produced by cold or fear, and 
 accompanying the rigor of an intermittent. 
 
 HORRIPILA'TION, Horripila'tio, Horror, 
 Horren'tia, Phrice, Phricas'mus, Phrici'asis, 
 Phri'cia, from horrere, 'to bristle up,' and pilus, 
 'hair.' (F.) Horri2}ilation, Frissonnement. Ge- 
 neral chilliness, preceding fever, and accompanied 
 with bristling of the hairs over the body. 
 
 HORROR, Horripilation — h. Ciborum, Disgust 
 for food. 
 
 HORSE BALM, Collinsonia Canadensis — h. 
 Cane, Ambrosia trifida — h. Chestnut, iEsculus 
 hippocastanum — h. Crust, Crusta genu equinas. 
 
 HORSEFLY WEED, Sophora tinctoria. 
 
 HORSEPOOT, see Kyllosis. 
 _ HORSEMINT, Ambrosia trifida, Monarda coc- 
 cinea, M. fistulosa, and M. punctata — h. Sweet, 
 Cunila mariana. 
 
 HORSE NETTLE, Solanum Carolinense. 
 
 HORSE RADISH, Cochlearia armoracia. 
 
 HORSE'S TAIL, Ilippuris vulgaris. 
 
 HORSE WEED, Ambrosia trifida, Collinsonia 
 Canadensis, Erigeron Canadense. 
 
 HORTULUS CUPIDINIS, Vulva. 
 
 HORTUS, Vulva — h. Siccus, Herbarium. 
 
 HOSE, Collum, Throat. 
 
 HOSEFISH, Sepia. 
 
 HOS'PITAL, primarily from hospes, hospitis, 
 'a guest.' Infirm' ary, (Old Eng.) Farm'ery, 
 Spit'al, Nosocomi' um, Adynatoeomi' um, Adynato- 
 dochi'um, Xenodoce'um, Xenodoehe'um, Infirma'- 
 rinm, Infirmnto'rium, Nosodochi'vm, Valetudi- 
 na'rium, (F.) Hopital. An establishment for the 
 reception of the sick, in which they are main- 
 tained and treated medically. Hospitals wero 
 first instituted about the end of the 4th century,- 
 a period at which the word vocoko^uov was em- 
 ployed, for the first time, by St. Jerome. They 
 may be general, receiving all cases ; or special, 
 I admitting only the subjects of certain diseases. 
 I Hos'PlTAL Gangrene, Phagedae'na gangrcb- 
 ! no'sa, Putrid or Ifalignant Ulcer, Gangrcs'na 
 Nosoeomio'rum seu Nosocomia'lis seu Contaqio' sa, 
 Sphac"elus nosocomia'lis, Hos'pital Sore, Putre'- 
 do, (F.) Pourriture ou Gangrene d'hopital. Gan- 
 grene, occurring in wounds or ulcers, in hospi- 
 tals, the air of which has been vitiated by the 
 accumulation of patients, or some other circum- 
 stance. Hospital gangrene — many different va- 
 rieties of which are met with, and always accom- 
 
HOST 
 
 466 
 
 HUMIDUM NATIVUM 
 
 panied or preceded by fever — commonly com- 
 mences with suppression of the suppuration of 
 the wound, which becomes covered with a gray- 
 ish and tenacious sanies. The gangrene then 
 manifests itself. It extends from the centre of 
 the ulcerated surface towards the edges ; these 
 become swollen, painful, and everted; and the 
 patient dies with all the signs of typhus. The i 
 treatment must be varied according to circum- i 
 stances. Sometimes, it requires the use of sti- j 
 mulating, acid, caustic, and antiseptic applica- j 
 tions ; with, occasionally, the actual cautery, j 
 aided by the exhibition of tonics, internally : — \ 
 at others, the antiphlogistic regimen and emol- ! 
 lient applications may be necessary. 
 
 Hospital, Insane, Morotrophium — h. Leper, 
 Lndrerie. 
 
 HOST, Tussis. 
 HOSTIARIUS, Pylorus. 
 
 HOT SPRINGS, see Virginia, mineral wa- 
 ters of. 
 
 HOUBLON, Humulus lupulus. 
 HOUGH, Poples, Sickly. 
 HOUNDS' TONGUE, Gynoglossum. 
 HOUPPE NERVEUSE, see Papilla—^., dn 
 2Ieiiton, Depressor labii inferioris. Levator labii 
 inferioris. 
 
 HOURGLASS CONTBACTION OF THE 
 UTERUS, see Chaton. 
 
 HOUSELEEK, Sempervivum tectorum — h. 
 Small, Sedum. 
 
 HOUSEMAID'S KNEE, see Knee, house- 
 maid's. 
 
 HOUSE-PUPIL, see House-Surgeon. 
 HOUSE-SURGEON, Bes'ideiit Surgeon. Usu- 
 ally a senior house-pupil or graduate, who resides 
 in an hospital, and attends to every accident and 
 disease, in the absence of the attending physician 
 or surgeon. It answers, in the British hospitals, 
 to the Eleve interne or Interne of the French. 
 The Uleve externe or Externe is a less advanced 
 pupil; from whom Internes are chosen. In ordi- 
 nary schools, Eleve externe means a day-scholar; 
 whilst Eleve interne means a boarder. 
 
 HOUX, Ilex aquifolium — h. ApalacMne, Ilex 
 vomitoria — h. Petit, Ruscus. 
 HOAVDY, Midwife. 
 HOWDY-WIFE, Midwife. 
 HUACACACHU, Datura sanguinea. 
 HUACO, Guaco. 
 HUANU. Guano. 
 HUBBON, Haunch. 
 
 HUCKLEBERRY, see Gaylussacia, and Vac- 
 cinium — h. Dwarf Gaylussacia humosa. 
 HUCKLEBONE. Ischion. 
 HUCKSIIOULDERED, see Hump. 
 HUDSON'S PRESERVATIVE FOR THE 
 TEETH AND GUMS, see Tinctura Myrrhae. 
 
 HUILE, Oil — li. d' Absinthe, Artemisia absin- 
 thium (oil of) — h. d' Acajou, see Anacardium 
 occidentale. 
 
 HUILE ACOUSTIQUE {¥.), O'lenm acus'ti- 
 cum. Acoustic Oil. An oil for deafness, prepared 
 of olive oil, ^\j ; garlic, ox-gall, and bai/ leaves, 
 each 5J ; boiled for a quarter of an hour, and 
 strained. 
 
 HUILE D'AMANDES, Oleum amygdalarum 
 — h. d'Aneth, see Anethum graveolens — h. Ani- 
 male. Oleum animale — h. Animate de .Di'ppel, 
 Oleum animale Dippelii — Ji. Animah'see par in- 
 fusion, Oleum animalizatum per infusionem — h. 
 d'Anis, see Pimpinella anisum — Ji. Anthelmin- 
 tiquede Chahert, Oleum animale empyreumaticum 
 Chaberti — h. Aroniatique, Oleum animalizatum 
 per infusionem — h. d'Aurone, Artemisia abrota- 
 num (oil of) — h. de Cacao, Butter of Cacao — h. 
 de Cade, see Juniperus oxycedrus — k. de Carvi, 
 Carum (oil) — h. de Cedrat, Oleum cedrinum — h. 
 
 de petits Chiens, Oleum animalizatum per infu- 
 sionem — h. de Come de Cerf, Oleum animale Dip- 
 pelii — h. d'Epurge, Euphorbia lathyris — h. de 
 Foie de Jforue, Oleum jecoris aselli — h. de Gabi- 
 an, Petrolatum — /;. de Girojle, see Eugenia caryo- 
 phyllata — h. de Laurier, Unguentum laurinum — 
 h. de Lin, see Linum usitatissimum — h. de Lis, 
 see Lilium candidum — h. de Morelle, see Solanum 
 — h. de Morne, Oleum jecoris aselli — h. de Noix, 
 see Juglans cinerea — h. d'CEillette, Papaver (oil) 
 — h. de Papier, Pyrothonide — h. de Pieds de Been/, 
 Oleum bubulum — h. de Ricin, see Ricinus com- 
 munis — h. de Suecin, see Succinum — h. de Tnrtre 
 par dffaiUance, Liquor potassfe subcarbonatis — 
 h. Verte, Balsam, green, of Metz — h. de Vin 
 douce. Oleum ^thereum. 
 
 HUILE S AN IM ALES, Olea animalia— ^.. 
 Distillees, Olea volatilia — li. Empty renmatiques. 
 Olea empyreumatiea — h. Easentielles, Olea vula- 
 tilia — h. Etlie.rees, Olea volatilia — h. Fixes, ou 
 Grasses, Olea fixa — h. Fugaces, Olea fugacia — h. 
 Ifedicinahs, Olea medicinalia — h. Pyrogenees, 
 Olea empyreumatiea — h. Volatiles, Olea volatilia. 
 HUIT DE CHIFFRE. Figure of 8. A ban- 
 dage of which the turns are crossed in the form 
 of the figure 8. Such is the bandage used after 
 bleeding from the arm. 
 
 HUITO, Genipa oblongifolia. 
 HUITRE, Ostrea. 
 HUKEBANE, Ischion. 
 HULCrS, Ulcer. 
 HULGIE-BACKED, see Hump. 
 HULLUPING, Vomiting. 
 HUM, VENOUS, Bruit de diable. 
 HUMBLE, Rectus inferior oculi. 
 HUMECTAN'TIA. From humeetare, 'to mois- 
 ten.' A name formerly given to drinks, which 
 appeared to possess the property of augmenting 
 the fluidity of the blood. 
 
 HU'MERAL, Humera'Us. That which belongs 
 to, or is connected with, the arm or humerus. 
 
 Hd'meral Ar'tery, Arte'ria humera'lis, see 
 Brachial artery. 
 
 HUMERO-CUBITAL, Brachialis anterior — 
 Ti. Sus-metacarpien, see Radialis — h. Sus-radial, 
 Supinator radii longus. 
 
 HU'MERUS, Sca'jnda, Omo», Armus, (F.) 
 Epaide, Shoulder, (Prov.) Spaicd. The most ele- 
 vated part of the arm. The bones, which eon- 
 cur in forming it, are — the scapula, head of the 
 humerus, and the clavicle, united together by 
 strong ligaments, and covered by numerous mus- 
 cles. 
 
 Hu'meeus, Os hu'meri seu bra'chii sen adju- 
 to'ritiin seu brachia'le, Bra'chium, Lacer'tun, 
 Shouhlerbone, (Prov.) Spaut-bone, Spaw-bone, 
 Shullbane, is the cylindrical, irregular bone of 
 the arm ; the upper extremity of which has a 
 hemispherical head connected with the scapula : 
 and two tuberosities or tubercles, a greater and a 
 lesser, for the attachment of muscles, between 
 which is the Bicip'ital groove or Fosm. At the 
 inferior extremity may be remarked — the innet 
 condyle, the outer condyle ; the small head, which 
 is articulated with the radius; the trochlea articu- 
 lated with the ulna, &c. The humerus is deve- 
 loped by seven points of ossification: — one for 
 the body; one for the head; one for the greater 
 tuberosity; one for the trochlea; one for the epi- 
 trochlea; one for the epicondyle; and another for 
 the lesser head. 
 Humerus Summits, Acromion. 
 HU3IEUR AQUEUSE, Aqueous humour — 
 h. Crystalline, Crystalline — h. Hyalo'ide,' CoT'pus 
 vitreum — A. de ilorgagni, Morgagni, humour of. 
 HUMEURS FROIDES, Scrofula. 
 HU2IIDE RADICALE, Humidum radicale. 
 HUMIDUM NATIVUM, H. radicale— h. Na- 
 
HUMILIS 
 
 46' 
 
 HYALOID 
 
 tivum Aiticulorum, Synovia — h. Primigenium, 
 E.. radicale. 
 
 Hu'midum Radica'le, llu'midam 2Jrimigen' iuin 
 sen nati'vum seu seniina'le, Rad'ical Moisture, 
 (F.) Humide radicale. Names formerly given to 
 the liquid which was conceived to give flexibility 
 and proper consistence to the different organic 
 textures. 
 
 HuHiBUM Sewinale, H. radicale. 
 
 HUMILIS, Rectus inferior oculi. 
 
 HUiMLOIK, Conium. 
 
 HUMOR, Humour — h. Albugineous, Aqueous 
 humour — h. Articularis, Synovia — h. Ceruminous, 
 Cerumen — h. Doridis, Water, sea — h. Genitalis, 
 Sperm — h. Glacialis, Crystalline, Corpus vitreum 
 — h. Hyalinus seu Hyaloides, Corpus vitreum — 
 h. Lacteus, Milk — h. Lacrymalis, Tear — h. Me- 
 lancholicus, see Mercurialis — h. Mercurialis, see 
 Mercurialis — h. Morgagnianus, Morgagni, humor 
 of — h. Ovatus, Aqueous humour — h. Oviformis, 
 Aqueous humour — h. Pericardii, see Pericardium 
 — ^^h. Puruleutus, Pus — h. Seminalis, Sperm — h. 
 Venereus, Sperm — h. Vitreus, Corpus vitreum. 
 
 HU'MORAL, Humora'liis, from humere, 'to 
 moisten.' Proceeding from, or connected with, 
 the humours. 
 
 HUMORES INQUILINI, Recrementitial Se- 
 cretions. 
 
 HU2I0EIQUE, see Bruit humorique. 
 
 HU'MORISM, Hu'moral Pathol'ogy, PatJio- 
 log"ia humera'lis. A medical theory, founded 
 exclusively on the parts which the humours were 
 considered to play in the production of disease. 
 Although traces of this system may be found in 
 the most remote antiquity, the creation, or, at all 
 events, the arrangement of it may be attributed 
 to Galen, who enveloped it in metaphysical sub- 
 tleties relating to the union between the elements 
 and the four cardinal humours. 
 
 HU'MORISTS. The Galenical and other phy- 
 sicians, who attributed all diseases to the de- 
 praved state of the humours, or to vicious juices 
 collected in the body. 
 
 HUMOUR, Humor, Hygra'sia, Hygre'don, 
 Hygrum. Every fluid substance of an organized 
 body; — as the blood, chyle, lymph, &c. The 
 Humours, xw/'ot, Chymi, Humo'res, differ consi- 
 derably as to number and quality in the different 
 species of organized beings ; and even in the 
 same species, according to the state of health or 
 disease. The ancients reduced them to four ; 
 which they called car'dinal humours: — the blood, 
 phlegm, yellow bile, and atrabilis or black bile. 
 A modern classification of the humours is given 
 under Fluid. 
 
 HUMP. Perhaps from umbo, ' the boss of a 
 buckler.' Hunch, Gibber, Gibbus, Gibba, Tuber, 
 (F.) Bosse. A prominence, formed by a devia- 
 tion of the bones of the trunk. Commonly, it is 
 formed by the spine or sternum, and is seated at 
 the posterior or anterior part of the trunk. It 
 may, also, be produced .by deviation of the ribs 
 or pelvis. The spine may be curved in three 
 principal directions. 1. Backwards, the most 
 common case ; this the ancients called Kviptucn;, 
 Cypho'sis, Gibbos'itas. 2. Forwards, ^.opSuxn;, Lor- 
 do'sis, Recurva'tio ; and .3. Laterally, ckoXioxji;, 
 Scolio'sis, Obstipa'tio. Most curvatures occur at 
 a very early age, and are caused by scrofula, 
 rickets, &c.; and, not unfrequently, they are 
 accompanied by caries of the vertebrae. See Ver- 
 tebral disease. One who is affected with a hump, 
 or is hump'bacJced, Hnmpty, Huckshouldered, 
 Shrump-shouldered, (Sc.) Hulgiebaeked, Trudge- 
 backed, (Prov.) Croopbacked, is called, by the 
 French, bossu. 
 
 HUMPBACKED, see Hump. 
 
 HUMPTY, see Hump. 
 
 HUMULUS, Humulus lupulus. 
 
 Hu'mulus Lu'pulus, Lu'pidus, L. scandena 
 seu commu'nis seu salicta'rius, Humidus, (from 
 humus, 'the ground on which it creeps,') C'onvol'- 
 vulus peren'nis, the Hop-jilant. Nat. Ord. Ur- 
 ticacege. (F.) Houblmi, Vigne dn nord. Its cones 
 or strobiles, Hu'muli strob'ili (Ph. L.), Hwmdui 
 (Ph. U. S.), have a fragrant odour ; and a bitter, 
 aromatic taste, depending on a peculiar principle, 
 named Lu'jjidin, extractive and essential oil, 
 which may be extracted, equally, by water and 
 spirit, from the dried strobiles. The hop is em- 
 ployed as a tonic and hypnotic, and enters into 
 the composition of ale and beer. 
 
 The Ho2) pillow, Pulm'nar Hu'nndi, has long 
 been used for producing sleep. 
 
 HUNCH, Hump. 
 
 HUNGARICA FEBRIS, Fever, Hungary. 
 
 HUNGER, Anglo-Saxon, hunsep. Fames, Li- 
 mos. Peine, Peina, Esti'ries, .Jeja'nium, Jeju'nitas, 
 Esurit"io, Esuri'go, (F.) Fairn. The necessity 
 for taking food. Hunger is an internal sensation, 
 which some authors have attributed to the fric- 
 tion between the sides of the stomach in its 
 empty state; others, to the compression of the 
 nerves, when the organ is contracted ; others, to 
 the action of the gastric juice, &c, It is dictated 
 by the wants of the system : — farther we know 
 not. See Appetite. 
 
 HUNGER-CURE, Limotherapeia. 
 
 HUNGRY, Famel'icus, Li'micus, Limo'des ; 
 (Prov.) Haxc, (vulg.) Peckish; same etymon. 
 Affected with hunger. 
 
 HURA BRASILIEN'SIS, Assacou, Assaeh, 
 Ussacu. A Brazilian tree, of the Nat. Ord. Eu- 
 phorbiacese, which, in form of the extract of the 
 bark, is esteemed a specific in leprosy. It is, 
 also, given in elephantiasis, and as an anthel- 
 mintic. 
 
 HURDIES, Nates. 
 
 HURTLEBERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus. 
 
 HYA-HYA, Tabernsemontana utilis. 
 
 HYACINTH, WILD, Scilla esculenta. 
 
 HYACINTHUS MUSCARI, Bulbus vomi- 
 torius. 
 
 HY^NAN'CHB GLOBO'SA. An arborescent 
 shrub of South Africa, Nat. Ord. Euphorbiacese, 
 the fruit of which, pounded, is used to destroy 
 hyaenas and other beasts of prey, and seems to 
 contain strychnia. 
 
 HYALEUS, Hyaline. 
 
 H Y ' A L I N E, Hyali'mis, Hyale'us, Vit'reus, 
 Vit'reous, (F.) Vitreux, vitre. Glassy. Resem- 
 bling glass. 
 
 Hyaline Substance, Cytoblastema. 
 
 HYALI'TIS, Inflamma'tio tu'nicm hyalo'ide'ce, 
 Hyaloidi'tis, Vit'reo-capsidi'tis, from hyaloid, 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
 of the hyaloid membrane of the eye. 
 
 'HY'Ali01I>,Hyalo'des. Hyalo'i'des, from 'vaXo;, 
 ' glass,' and ei8os, ' resemblance.' Vitriform ; re- 
 sembling glass. 
 
 Hyaloid Canal, see Hyaloid membrane. 
 
 Hyaloid Fossa, Fossa Hycdoide'a, is a cup- 
 like excavation in the vitreous humour, in which 
 the crystalline is imbedded. 
 
 Hy'aloid Membrane, Tu'nica Hyaloide'a seu 
 Vit' rea, Membra' naAraehno'ide'a,\s the extremely 
 delicate membrane, which forms the exterior co- 
 vering of the vitreous humour, and transmits 
 within it prolongations, which divide it into cells. 
 Fallopius discovered this membrane, and gave it 
 the name Hyaloid. On a level with the entrance 
 of the optic nerve into the eye, the hyaloid 
 membrane has been described as forming, by re- 
 flection, a cylindrical canal, which pierces the 
 vitreous humour from behind to before, as far as 
 the posterior part of the crystalline. See Canal, 
 hyaloid. At its anterior part is a depression — 
 
HYALOIDITIS 
 
 468 
 
 HYDRARGYRI 
 
 Fossa patella'ris sen lenticula'ris for the reception 
 of the crystalline lens. 
 
 HYALOIDITIS, Hyalitis. 
 
 HYALONIXIS, see Cataract. 
 
 HYALONYXIS, see Cataract. 
 
 HYALOS. Vitrum. 
 
 HYANCHE, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
 
 HYBOMA, Gibbositas. 
 
 HYBRID, Hi'hrida, Hy'hrida, (F.) Hyhride, 
 Tom the Greek 'vjipig, 'vlipiSog, 'mongrel or mun- 
 rrel.' (F.) Metis, Midet. A being born of two 
 different species, — as the mule. The term is ap- 
 ,-)lied to plants as well as to animals. The result 
 is termed Uijhridity. Hybrid is often, also, used 
 to designate words which are formed from two 
 different languages — as uier-itis, for inflammation 
 of the uterus, in place of metritis. 
 
 HYBRIDITY, see Hybrid. 
 
 HYDARTHROSIS, Hydrarthrus. 
 
 HYDARTHRUS, Hydrarthrus. 
 
 HYDAS, Hydor. 
 
 HYDAT'ID, Hy'datis, Bulla, Aqu'ula, Hy- 
 dro'a, Hydrocys'tis, Hyrjrocyn'tis, Tcenia Jiyda- 
 tig"ena, Ecliinococ' cus hiinta'ims, from 'vSuip, 
 'viaroi, 'water.' This name was long given to 
 every encysted tumour which contained an aqueous 
 and transparent fluid. Many pathologists sub- 
 sequently applied it to vesicles, softer than the 
 tissue of membranes, more or less transparent, 
 which are developed within organs, but without 
 adhering to their tissues. It is by no means clear 
 that these formations are really entozoa. They 
 have been found in various parts of the body ; 
 sometimes in the uterus, occasioning signs nearly 
 similar to those of pregnancy, but being sooner 
 or later expelled. The expulsion is generally 
 attended with more or less hemorrhage. See 
 Acephalocystis. 
 
 Hydatls, Aqu'ida, PUyctm'nula, Verru'ca Pal- 
 2yehra'rum, Ilil'iiim, also, meant a small, transpa- 
 rent tumour of the eyelids.— Galen, C. Hoifmann. 
 
 HYDATIDES CERVICIS UTERI, Nabothi 
 glandulse. 
 
 HYDATIDOCB'LE, Eydatoce'le, from 'v&arn, 
 'hydatid,' and KiyXj?, 'a tumour.' Oscheocele 
 containing hydatids; the Oscheoee'le hydatido'sa, 
 Hydatidoscheoce'le of Sauvages. 
 
 HYDATIDOIDES, Hydatoid. 
 
 HYDATIDO'MA, from 'xiSans, 'hydatid.' A 
 tumour caused by hydatids. 
 
 HYDATIDOSCHEOCELE, Hydatidocele. 
 
 HYDAT'IFORM, Hydatiform'is. A hybrid 
 word from hydatid and forma, ' form.' Resem- 
 bling an hydatid. 
 
 HYDATINUS, Hydatoid. 
 
 HYDATIS FINNA, Cysticercus cellulosjs. 
 
 HYDATIS'MUS, from 'viuip, 'viaro;, 'water.' 
 The noise caused by the fluctuation of pus con- 
 tained in an abscess. — Aurelian, Foesius. 
 
 HYDATOCELE, Hydatidocele, Hydrocele. 
 
 HYDATOCH'OLOS,from 'vSy, 'viaros,' water,' 
 and x°^''> ' hile.' Aquo'so-bil'ious. An epithet 
 given to evacuated matters when mixed with 
 water and bile. — Hippocrates, Foesius. 
 
 HYDATODES, Aqueous. 
 
 HY'DATOID, HydatoVdes, A'queous, Aquo'- 
 sus, Hyduto'des, Hydat'inus, Hydatido'des, Hy- 
 datidoi'des, from 'vSoip, 'v&arog, ' water,' and £ii5of, 
 'resemblance.' Watery. Resembling water. This 
 name has been given to the membrane of the 
 aqueous humour; and, also, to the aqueous humour 
 itself. Vinnm hydato'des ; wine and water. 
 
 HYDATONCtrS, Anasarca, (Edema. 
 
 HYDATOPO'SIA, from 'vSojp, 'vSaro;, 'water,' 
 and TTOiTi;. 'drinking.' Water-drinking; — hence 
 
 HYDATOP'OTES. A water-drinker. 
 
 HYDATOTHERAPEIA,Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 
 HYDERICUS, Hydropic. 
 
 HYDERODES, Hydropic. 
 
 HYDERONCUS, Anasarca, (Edema. 
 
 HYDEROS, Anasarca, Hydrops. 
 
 HYDOR, hy'datos, 'v&wp, 'vSarog, and Hydas, 
 Tiydatos, 'vSa;, 'vSaros, ' water.' Hence : 
 
 HYDRACHNIS, see Varicella. 
 
 HYDRADEN, Conglobate gland. 
 
 B.YB'RABBlSll'TlSjInflamma'tioglandula'rum 
 lymphaticcc' rum, from Hydraden, ' a lymphatic 
 gland,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of a lymphatic gland. 
 
 HYDR^'DUS, from 'v&u>p, 'water,' and aiSoia, 
 'genital organs.' (Edema of the female organs. 
 
 HYDREMIA, HydroEemia, 
 
 HYDRAGOGA, Hydragogues. 
 
 HYDRAGOGIA, Hydragogues. 
 
 HYDRAGOGICA, Hydragogues. 
 
 HY'DRAGOGUES, Hydrago'ga, Rydrago'gia, 
 Hydrago'gica, Hydrop'ica, Hydrot'ica, Aquidu'- 
 ca, from 'i)5up, ' water,' and uyu, ' I expel.' Me- 
 dicines believed to be capable of expelling serum 
 effused into any part of the body. These are 
 generally cathartics or diuretics. 
 
 HYDRAGOGUM BOYLEI, Argenti nitras. 
 
 HYDRALLANTE, False Waters. 
 
 HYDRAL'LAS, from 'vSoip, 'water,' and aWas, 
 'a sausage,'— see Allantois. A morbid increase 
 in the quantity of the fluid of the allantois. 
 
 HYDRALM^, Waters, mineral (saline). 
 
 HYDRAM'NIOS, from 'v&ojp, 'water,' and 
 'amnios.' An excessive quantity of the liquor 
 amnii. 
 
 HYDRAN'GEA ARBORES'CEJSTS, H. vulga'- 
 ris, Sevenhark, Wild. Hydran'gea, Bissum. Ord. 
 Hydrangese. An indigenous plant, which flowers 
 in July. The leaves are said to be tonic, siala- 
 gogucj cathartic, diuretic, and antilithic. [?] 
 
 HYDRANGEITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
 
 HYDRANGIA, Lymphatic vessels. 
 
 HYDRANGIOGRAPHIA, Angeiohydrogra- 
 pby- 
 
 HYDRANGIOTOMIA, Angeiohydrotomy. 
 
 HYDRARGYRANATRIP'SIS, Hydrarc/yren- 
 trip'sis, from 'vipapyvpos, 'quicksilver,' and ava- 
 Tpi^lis, 'rubbing in.' The rubbing in of a prepa- 
 ration of quicksilver: — Hydrargyrotrip' sis. 
 
 HYDRARGYRENTRIPSIS, Hydrargyrana- 
 tripsis. 
 
 HYDRARGYRI ACETAS, Hydrargyrus ace- 
 tatus — b. Bichloridum, H. oxymurias — h. Bicya- 
 nidum, H. cyanuretum — h. Biniodidum, H. iodi- 
 dum rubrum — h. Binoxydum, H. oxydum rubrum 
 — h. Bisulphuretum, H. sulphuretum rubrum— ^h. 
 Borussias, H. cyanuretum — h. Bromidum, see 
 Bromine — h. Calx alba, Hydrargyrum prascipi- 
 tatum — h. Chloridum, H. submurias — h. Chlori- 
 dum corrosivum, H. Oxymurias — h. Chloridum 
 mite, H. submurias. 
 
 Hydrar'syri CYANUEE'TUJr, H. Oyan'idum seu 
 Bonis' sias seu Bicyan'idiim, Hydrar'gyrum Cya- 
 nogena'tum seu Hydrocyan' icum seu Borus'sicum 
 seu Zoot' ictim, Prussias Hydrar'gyri, Cyan'wet 
 or Prussiate of ilercury, (F.) Cyaiiure de Mcr- 
 cure. (Ferri Ferro-cyanuret.'S,\y; Uydrarg. oxid. 
 rubr. 5iij, vel q. s. ; AqncB destillat. Oiij. Put 
 the ferro-cyanuret and three ounces of the oxide 
 of mercury, previously powdered and thoroughly 
 mixed together, into a glass vessel, and pour on 
 two pints of the distilled water. Boil the mix- 
 ture, stirring constantly; and if, at the .end of 
 half an hour, the blue colour remains, add small 
 portions of the oxide of mercury, continuing the 
 ebullition until the mixture becomes of a yellow- 
 ish colour; then filter through paper. Wash the 
 residue in a pint of the distilled water, and filter. 
 Mix the solution and evaporate till a pellicle ap- 
 pears, and set the liquor aside, that crystals may 
 form. To purify the crystals, subject it to re- 
 
HYDRARGYRI 
 
 469 
 
 HYDRARGYRI 
 
 solution, evaporation, and crystallization. — Pli. 
 U. S.) This preparation has been strongly re- 
 commended as a powerful antisyphilitic, and is 
 admitted into the Parisian codex. Twelve to 
 twenty-four grains may be dissolved in a quart 
 of distilled water, and three or four spoonfuls of 
 the solution be taken daily in a glass of any ap- 
 propriate liquid. 
 
 ' Hydrargtei Deuto-iodidum, H. lodidum ru- 
 brum — h. Deuto-ioduretum, see Iodine — h. Deu- 
 tonitras, see H. nitras — h. Dipernitras, see H. 
 nitras — h. Hyperoxodes, Hydrargyri nitrico- 
 oxydum. 
 
 Hydrargyri loD'iDUjr, H. Profoiod'idum seu 
 Proto-iodure'tiim seu Subiod'idum, Hydrar'gy- 
 rum loda'tum fiavum seu lodidula'tum, lod'idum 
 seu lodure'tum hydrar gyro' sum, Protdiodure'tum 
 mercu'rti, I'odide or Proti'odide of Mercury, (F.) 
 P rotoiodure ou Protiodure de Mereiire, [Hydrarg. 
 .§j, lodin, ^v. Alcohol q. s. Rub the mercury 
 and iodine together, adding sufficient alcohol to 
 form a soft paste, and continue the trituration till 
 the globules disappear. Dry the iodide in the 
 dark, with a gentle heat, and keep it in a well- 
 stopped bottle, the light excluded. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, one grain, gradually raised to three or 
 four. 
 
 Hydrargyri Iodidum Chloridi, Mercury, 
 iodide of chloride «f. 
 
 Hydrargyri Iodidum Rubrusi, ff. Biniod'- 
 idtim seu Deuto-iod' idum seu Deuto-iodure'tum 
 seu Period'idum, Hydrarg' yrum ioda'tuiil ruhrum 
 seu Biioda'tum seu Perioda'tum, lode'tum seu 
 lod'idum Hydrargyr'icum, Deuto-iodure'tum mer- 
 cu'rii, Red I'odide, Bini'odide, Deuti'odide and 
 Peri'odide of Mercury, (F.) Deutiodure ou Bi- 
 ■i'ddure ou Periodure de Mercure. {Hydrarg. 
 corros. ehlorid. ^j, Potassii lodid. ^x. AqucB 
 deitillat. Oij. Dissolve the chloride in a pint and 
 a half, and the iodide of potassium in half a pint 
 of distilled water, and mix the solutions. Col- 
 lect the precipitate on a filter, and, having washed 
 it with distilled water, dry it with a moderate 
 heat, and keep it in a well-stopped bottle. — Ph. 
 U. S.) Dose, one-sixteenth to one-fourth of a 
 grain. 
 
 Hydrargyri Murias basi Oxydi imperfecti, 
 H. oxymurias — h. Murias corrosivum, H. oxymu- 
 rias — h. Murias dulcis sublimatus, H. submurias 
 — h. Oxygenatus, H. Oxymurias — h. Murias spi- 
 rituosus liquidus. Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis 
 — h. Murias suboxygenatus prascipitatione para- 
 tus. Hydrargyrum precipitatum. 
 
 Hydrargyri Nitras, Nitras Hydrar' gyri in 
 cry stall' OS concre'tus, Hydrargyrum nit'ricH7n,3Ier- 
 curius nitro'stis fri'gore23ara' tus, Nitras Jiydrargy- 
 ro'sus, Az'otas hydrargyro'sus. Nitrate of Mer- 
 cury, (F.) Azotate de mercure, Proto'dzotate de mer- 
 cure, Nitrate mercureux. It is employed in syphi- 
 lis ; and, extei-nally, in fungous, obstinate ulcers. 
 
 It is used in the formation of the Soluble Mer- 
 cury of Hahnemann. 
 
 An acid nitrate of mercury, Hydrar' gyri deuto- 
 nitrns seu dipernitras seu supernitras, Mercu'rius 
 lu'tro'sus cal'ide para'tus, Nitras Jiydrargyr'icus, 
 Az'otas Jiydrargyr'icus liq'uidus. Liquor Hydrar'- 
 gyrisupernifra'tis,Hydrargyripernitra'tis Liquor, 
 (Ph. D.) Solution of supei-nitrate of mercury, So- 
 lution of supernitrate of deutoxide of mercury, (F.) 
 JDeutoazoiaie aeide liquide de mercure, Nitrate 
 acide de mercure, made by dissolving four parts 
 of mercury in eight of nitric acid, and evaporating 
 the solution to nine parts, has been used as a 
 caustic in malignant ulcerations and cancerous 
 affections. 
 
 Wctrd'a White Drops, — a once celebrated anti- 
 scorbutic nostrum, — were prepared by dissolving 
 mercury in nitric acid, and adding a solution of 
 carbonate of ammonia; or, frequently, they con- 
 
 sisted of a solution of sublimate with carbonate of 
 ammonia. 
 
 Hydrargyri I>riT'Rico-ox'YDUM, Hydrar' gyri 
 oxydum rubruni (Ph. U. S.), Hydrargyrua nitra'- 
 tus ruber, Mercu'rius corrosi'vus ruber s&n pj^aci- 
 pita'tus corrosi'vus seu proBcipiita'tus ruber seu 
 coralli'nus, Arca'num coraUi'num, Pul'vis pirin'- 
 cipis, Prcecipita' tus ruber, Ox'ydum hydrar'gyri 
 comple'tum seu hydrargyr'icum, Panace'a mercu'- 
 rii rubra, Pulvis Joan'nis de Vigo, Oxo'des hy- 
 drargyri rubruni, Hyperoxo'des hydrargyri, Ox'y- 
 dum hydrar'gyri nit'ricum seu hydrargyri rubrurn 
 per ac"idum nit'ricum. Nitric oxide of mercury. 
 Red p>recip'itate, (F.) Oxide nitrique de mercure, 
 PrScipite rouge ouper se, Mercure corallin. Nitrate 
 de mercure rouge. {Hydrarg. ^^xxxvj; Acid, 
 nitric, f^xviij; Aqua Oij. Dissolve the mer- 
 cury with a gentle heat, in the acid and water 
 previously mixed, and evaporate to dryness. Rub 
 into powder, and heat in a very shallow vessel 
 till red vapours cease to rise. — Ph. U. S.) It is 
 a stimulant and escharotic, and used as such in 
 foul ulcers, being sprinkled on the part in. fine 
 powder, or united with lard into an ointment. 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxodes Rubrum, Hydrargyri 
 nitrico-oxydum — h. Oxydi murias ammoniacalis. 
 Hydrargyrum preecipitatum — h. Oxydulum ni- 
 grum, H. Oxydum einereum. 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxydum Cine'reum, JEthiops 
 per se, Mercu'rius niger Mosca'ti sen pracipita'- 
 tus niger, Oxydum hydrar'gyri nigrum seu hy- 
 drargyro'sum seu hydrargyr'icum prcBcipita'tv*/, 
 Oxyd'idum hydrar' gyri nigrum, Pulvismercuria' lis 
 cine'reus, Mercxirius cine'reus, l\irp)e'thum nigrum. 
 Gray or Black oxide of Mercury, (F.) Oxide de 
 mercure cendre. Oxide gris ou noir de mercure, 
 Protoxide de mercure. This oxide is made in 
 various ways. It may be formed by boiling sub- 
 muriate of mercury in lime water. The dose of 
 this Pulvia Hydrargyri einereus is from two to 
 ten grains. There are four other preparations of 
 it in estimation, viz : — Plench's solution, made by 
 rubbing mercury with mucilage. 2. By rubbing 
 equal parts of sugar and mercury together. 3. 
 A compound of honey or liquorice and purified 
 mercury. 4. The blue pill, and ointment. All 
 these possess the usual properties of mercury- 
 
 The Hydrargyri Oxidum Nigrum of the Ph. IT. 
 S. is made as follows: — Hydrarg. Chlorid. mit., 
 PotaascB, aa ^iv, Aquw Oj. Dissolve the potassa 
 in the water, allow the dregs to subside, and pour 
 off the clear solution. To this add the chloride, 
 and stir constantly till the black oxide is formed. 
 Pour off the supernatant liquor, wash the black 
 oxide with distilled water, and dry with a gentle 
 heit. Dose, one or two grains. 
 
 The Mercurius solu'bilis of Hahnemann is 
 formed from a black oxide of mercury. It is the 
 Mercurius solu'bilis Hahneinan'ni, Oxydum hy- 
 drargyri nigri median'te animo'nid ex protoni- 
 tra'te hydrar'gyri p>r(F.ci2}itn'tum, Az'otas hydrar- 
 gyro'so-ammo'nicus, (F. ) Azotate de mercure et 
 d'ammoniaque, Oxyde gris ou noir de 31ercure, 
 Precipite noir, Turbith noir, which has been es- 
 teemed, in Germany and France, as an antisyphi- 
 litic. Dose gr. l-5th to gr. i. It is used in the 
 same cases as the Hydi-argyri oxydum einereum. 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxydum Nigrum, H. oxydum 
 einereum — h. Oxydum nigrum mediante ammo- 
 nia et protonitrate hydrargyri prsecipitatura, see 
 H. oxydum einereum — h. Oxydum nitricum, Hy- 
 drargyri nitrico-oxydum. 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxydum Rubrum, H. Binox'y- 
 dum, Mercurius calcina'tus, Hydrar'gyrns calct- 
 natua, (F.) Oxide de 3Iercure rouge. Red oxide 
 of mer'cury. (Made by precipitation from a so- 
 lution of bichloride of mercury by solution of 
 potassa.) See Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum. 
 
 It is stimulant and escharotic; and, in large 
 
HYDRARGYRI 
 
 470 
 
 HYDRARGYRUM 
 
 doses, emetic. Owing to the violence of its ope- 
 ration, it is seldom given internally. 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxyduji Rubkum Per Acidum 
 NiTRicuM, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum — h. Oxy- 
 dum saceharatum, Hydrargyrum saccharatum — 
 )i. Oxydum sulphuricum, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus. 
 
 Hydrargyri Osymu'rias, H. Chlo'ridum Gor- 
 rosi'vitm (Ph. U. S.), seu Bichlo'ridum seu Per- 
 mii'rias, Hydrargyrus nmria'tus, Blu'i-iaa hydrar- 
 gyri corrosi'vus seu oxycjena'tua seu hydrargyri 
 basi oxydi imperfec'ti seu hydrargyri corrosivum, 
 Suhlinia'tua corrosivus, Sublima'tum corrosivum, 
 Jferenrias corrosivus seu corrosivus sublima'tas, 
 Sttpermu'rias hydrargyri, (F.) Deutochlorure ou 
 Bichloride de mercure, Muriate oxygene de mer- 
 cure, Sublime cor roaif ; Bichlo' ride or Oxymuriate 
 or Corrosive muriate of mercury, Corrosive subli- 
 nuite. [Hydrarg. ft)ij. Acid. Sulphur. K>iij, 
 Sodii Chlorid. ftiss. Boil the mercury with the 
 sulphuric acid until the sulphate of mercury is 
 left dry. Rub this, when cold, with the chloride 
 of sodium, in an earthenware mortar ; then sub- 
 lime, with a gradually increasing heat. — Ph. U. S.) 
 It is used as an antisj'philitic eutrophic in vene- 
 real complaints, old cutaneous affections, &o. 
 Gr. iij to Oj of water is a good gargle in venereal 
 sore-throats, or an injection in gonorrhoea. Ex- 
 ternally, it is applied in cases of tetter, and to 
 destroy fungus, or stimulate old ulcers. Dose, 
 gr. 1-16 to gr. 1-8, in pill, once in twenty-four 
 hours. White of egg is the best antidote to it, 
 when taken in an overdose. 
 
 The Yellow Wash, Aqua phagedce' nica, Lo'tio 
 Hydrar'gyriflava, Phageden'io Wash, is made by 
 adding corrosive sublimate to lime-water, usually 
 in the proportion of fifteen grains to half a pint. 
 It is a common application to syphilitic sores. 
 
 Hydrargyri Periodidum, H. lodidum rubrum 
 — h. Permurias, Hydrargyri oxymurias — h. Pro- 
 to-iodidum, H. lodidum — h. Proto-ioduretum, H. 
 lodidum — h. Proto-tartras, H. tartras — h. Prus- 
 sias, H. cyanuretum — h. Saccharum vermifugum, 
 Hydrargyrum saceharatum — h. Subchloridum, 
 H. Submurias — h. Subiodidum, H. lodidum. 
 
 Hydrargyri Submu'rias, H. Chlor'idum seu 
 Subchlor'idum seu Chlor'idum mite (Ph. U. S.), 
 Calom'elas, Galomel'anos Torque'ti, Ctilom'eli, 
 Hydrar' gyriim. muriat'icum mite, Draco mitiga'tus, 
 Submu'rias hydrargyri mitis, Shbmu'rias Hydrar- 
 gyri sublima'tum, Mercu'rius dulcis seu dulcis su- 
 blima'tua; — when precipitated, M. dulcis jireci- 
 pita'tus, M. sid)lima'tus dulcis, M. Zo'ticus Hart- 
 man'ni, — Panace'a Mercuria'lis (when nine times 
 sublimed), Murias hydrargyri dulcis subli- 
 ma'tus, Aq'uila, 3Ianna Metallo'rum, Panchy- 
 mcigo'gum minera'le, P. Querceta'nus, mild Chlo- 
 ride, protochloride, submuriate, subchloride, or 
 raild Muriate of Mercury, Cal'omel, (F.) Mercure 
 doHX, Protochlorure de mercure. Mild chloride 
 of mercury is thus directed to be prepared in the 
 Pharmacopoeia of the United States : — Mercury, 
 ftiv; Sulphuric Acid, liiny, Chloride of Sodium, 
 ftiss; Zli'sJ/Z^ed wa<er, a sufficient quantity. Boil 
 two pounds of the mercury with the sulphuric 
 acid, until the sulphate of mercury is left dry. 
 Rub this, when cold, with the remainder of the 
 mercury, in an earthenware mortar, until they 
 are thoroughly mixed. Then add the chloride 
 of sodium, and rub it with the other ingredients 
 till all the globules disappear: afterwards su- 
 blime. Reduce the sublimed matter to a very 
 fine powder, and wash it frequently with boiling 
 distilled water, till the washings afford no precipi- 
 tate upon the addition of liquid ammonia; then 
 dry it. Properties. Antisyphilitio and siala- 
 gogue : in large doses, purgative. Dose : one or 
 two grains given at night gradually excite ptya- 
 lism. Gr. v to xx, purge. Children bear larger 
 doses than adults. 
 
 The Black Wash, Lo'tio Hydrar'gyri nigra, 
 is formed of calomel, ^\y, Lime-water, Oj. Used 
 for syphilitic sores. 
 
 Hydrargyri Submurias Ammoniatum, Hy- 
 drargyrum prsecipitatum — h. Subsulphas flavus, 
 Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — h. Subsulphas peroxi- 
 dati, Ilydragyrus vitriolatus — h. Sulphas, Hy- 
 drargyrus vitriolatus, Hydrargyri sulphas flavus. 
 
 Hydrargyri Sulphure'tum Nigrum, H. sul- 
 phure'tum cum sul'phure, Hydrargyrus seu Mer- 
 curius cum sid'phttre, H. e sid'phure, ^thiops 
 minera'lis, Pulvis hypnot'icus, jEthiops narcot'- 
 icus, Calom'elas, (F.) Sulfure de mercure noir, 
 Black sulphuret of merciiry, Suiphuret of mercury 
 loith sulphur, Ethiopa mineral. {Hydrarg ., Sul- 
 phur, aa Ibj. Rub together till the globules dis- 
 appear. Ph. U. S.). Used chiefly in scrofvdous 
 and cutaneous affections. Dose, gr. s to ^ss. 
 
 Hydrargyri Sulphure'tum Rubrum, H. Bi- 
 snlphure'tu?n, Hydrargyrus sulpihura'tus ruber, 
 Min'ium purum seu GrcBCo'rum, Magnes epilep'- 
 sicB, Ammion, Purpuria' aum, Mercurius Cinna- 
 hari'nus, Cinnab'aria, Cinab'aris, Cinaba'rium, 
 Biaulphuret or Bed Sulphuret of Mercury, Cin'- 
 nabar, Cin'oper, Vermil'ion, (F.) Sulfure de 
 Mercure rouge, Cinabre, Cinnabre. {Hydrarg. 
 5x1 ; Sidphur, ^^iij- ^'^ the mercury with the 
 sulphur melted over the fire ; and as soon as the 
 mass begins to swell remove the vessel from the 
 fire, and cover it with considerable force to pre- 
 vent combustion. Rub the mass into powder and 
 sublime. (Ph. U. S.) 
 
 It is an antisyphilitic, but is chiefly used ia 
 fumigation against venereal ulcers of the nose, 
 mouth, and throat ,• — ,^ss being thrown on a red- 
 hot iron. This preparation is the basis of a nos- 
 trum, called Boerhaave'a Bed Pill. 
 
 Hydrargyri Supermtjrias, tl. oxymurias — h. 
 Supernitras, see Hydrargyri nitras. 
 
 Hydrargy'RI Tartras, H. Proto-tartras, Tar- 
 trate of Mercury. Antisyphilitic. Dose, one or 
 two grains twice a day. 
 
 Hydrargyri et Arsenici Iodidum, Arsenic 
 and Mercury, iodide of. 
 
 Hydrar'gyri et Qui'ni^ Proto-chlo'ridum, 
 Protochloride of Mercury and Quiuia. A com- 
 bination of mild chloride of mercury and quinia, 
 administered in obstinate cutaneous diseases. 
 
 HYDRARGYRIA, Eczema mercuriale. 
 
 HYDRARGYRI'ASIS, Hydrargyro'sia, from 
 'vSpapyvpos, 'mercury.' A disease induced by the 
 use of mercury; Morbua Mercuria'lis, (F.) Mcda- 
 die 3Iereurielle. Poisoning by mercury. Eczema 
 mercuriale. Also, the phenomena produced by 
 mercury on the organism, Mercu'rialism, Mcr' 
 curiaiistn'ua. 
 
 HYDRARGYRICUM, Mercurial. 
 
 HYDRARGYRIUM, Mercurial. 
 
 HYDRARGYROSIS, Eczema niercuriale, Hy- 
 drargyriasis. 
 
 HYDRARGYRO-STOMATITIS, see Saliva- 
 tion, mercurial, and Stomatitis, mercurial. 
 
 HYDRAR GYROTRIPSIS, Hydrargyra- 
 natripsis. 
 
 HYDRAR'GYRUM, Hydrar'gyrus, from 'viwp, 
 'water,' and apyvpo;, 'silver;' Mercu'rius, Argen- 
 tum vivum seu mo'bile seu fusum seu fugiti'vum 
 seu liq'uiduni, Missadan, Fmnus albua, Lorua, 
 Area arcano'rnm, Ba'dalus, Mater metallo'rum. 
 Mercury, Quick' silver, formerly Argent-vive, (F.) 
 Mercure, 3L cru, Vif Argent. A fluid, brilliant 
 metal; of a slightly bluish white colour; fluid 
 above — 39° of Fahr. and under 656°. S. g., 
 when liquid, 13.568 (Cavendish); easily oxydized. 
 Metallic quicksilver does not act on the body, 
 even when taken into the stomach. When oxy- 
 dized, and combined with acids, it acts powerfully. 
 It has been exhibited in cases of constriction of 
 the bowels and in intussusception, from a notion 
 
HYDRARGYRUS 
 
 471 
 
 HYDREL.EON 
 
 that it must certainly pass through the bowels by 
 its gravity. The water, in which mercury has 
 beeu boiled, has been recommended as a vermi- 
 fuge ; but it probably enjoys no such property, as 
 chemical tests do not exhibit the presence of the 
 metal. When the crude metal is distilled in an 
 iron retort, it forms- the Bydrar'yyrum puri- 
 ficn'tum. 
 
 Hydrargyrum Ammoxiato-Miiriaticum, H. 
 prsecipitatum — h. Ammoniatum, H. prtscipitatum 
 — b. Biiodatum, Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum — h. 
 Biiodatum cum kalio iodato, Potassii hydrargyro- 
 iodidum — h. Borussicura, Hydrargyri oyanuretum 
 — h. Cyanogenatum, Hydrargyri cj-anuretum. 
 
 Hydrargfyrdm cuji Creta (Ph. U. S.), Ny- 
 drar'yyrus cum cretd, Mercurius alkalisa'tiis, Mer- 
 cury leith chalk, ^'thiops cdcalisa'tus, Gray 
 powder, (F.) 3/ercure avec la craie. {Hydrurg. 
 ^:^iij ; CVeitE 2^'<B;7crcaf. ^v. Rub them together 
 till the globules disappear. Ph. U. S.) A pro- 
 toxide of mercury, formed by trituration vpith 
 carbonate of lime. It is somewhat uncertain.; 
 and consequently not much employed as a mer- 
 curial. It possesses the properties of the black 
 oxide of mercury, and may be advantageously ex- 
 hibited in cases of diarrhoea in children, depend- 
 ent upon acidity and vitiated secretions. Dose, 
 gr. V to ^ss, twice a day, in any viscid substance. 
 
 Hydrargyrum cum Magne'sia of the Dublin 
 Pharmacopoeia resembles it in properties. 
 
 Hydrargyrum Hydrocyanicum, Hydrargyri 
 cyanuretum — h. lodatum, Hydrargyri iodidum — 
 b. lodatum cum chlorido Mercurii, Mercurj', io- 
 dide of chloride of — h. lodatum flavura, Hydrar- 
 gyri iodidum — h. lodatum rubrum, Hydrargyri 
 iodidum rubrum — h. lodidulatum, Hydrargyri 
 iodidum — h. Muriaticum Mite, Hydrargyri sub- 
 murias — h. Nitricum, Hydrargyri nitras — -h. Pe- 
 riodatum, Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum. 
 
 Hydrargyrum Pr^cipita'tum, H. ammonia' - 
 turn (Ph. U. S.), H. ammonia' to-muriat' icum, Hy- 
 drar'gyri ammo'nio-chlo'ridum, Mercurius cos- 
 met'icus, Mu'rias oxidi hydrargyri ammoniaca'lis, 
 M. hydrar'gyri sub -oxy genu' tus 2}rcBcipitatio')ie- 
 j)ara'tus, Submu'rias ammoni'aco-hydrargyr'i- 
 cris, S. Hydrargyri ammoniatum seu PrcBci- 
 2>itu'tum, Calx Hydrargyri alba, PreBcipita' tuin 
 album. Ammo' nio-chloride of Mercury, White 
 precip'itate of Mercury, White 2}>'eci23itute, C'al- 
 cina'tum majus Pote'rii, (F.) Sousmuriate de mer- 
 cure prici^nte ou Precipite blanc. {Hydrarg. 
 chlorid. corros. ^vj ; aquce destillat. cong., Liquor 
 a.mmonicB, f^^viij. Dissolve the chloride in the 
 ■water, with the aid of heat, and to the solution, 
 when cold, add the solution of ammonia, fre- 
 quently stirring. Wash the precipitate till it is 
 tasteless, and dry it. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 A peroxide, combined with muriatic acid and 
 ammonia, forming a triple salt. It is used in 
 powder, to destroy vermin ; and, united with 
 lard, for the same purpose, as well as in scabies 
 and some other cutaneous affections. 
 
 Hydrargyrum Sacchara'tom, JS'thioj^s sac- 
 chara'tua, Mercu'riua aacchara'tus, Ox'idum hy- 
 drargyri sacchara'tum, Sac'charum hydrargyri 
 vermif'ugum. A mild mercurial formula in seve- 
 ral of the Pharmacopoeias of continental Europe; 
 formed by triturating one part of mercury with 
 two of white augar. It is used in the venereal 
 affections of children. 
 
 Hydrargyrum Zooticum, Hydrargyri cyanu- 
 retum. 
 
 HYDRARGYRUS, Hydrargyrum. 
 
 HydrargyruS Aceta'tus, Sperma merou'rii. 
 Terra folia' ta mercn'rii, 3fercurius aceta'tus, Hy- 
 drargyri Ace'tas, Acetas seu Proto-ace'taa Hy- 
 drargyri, Ac"etate of mercury. This was the 
 basis of Keyaer'a pills, and was once much cele- 
 brated in the cure of the venereal disease. The 
 
 dose is from three to five grains, but it is not 
 much used. 
 
 The formula for Keyaer'a anti-venerecd pilla 
 was as follows: — Hydrarg. Acet.^'iY; Mannae, 
 ^xxx; Amyl. ^ij; Muc. G. Trag. q. s. To be 
 made into pills of gr. vj each. Dose, two pills. 
 
 HYDRARGYRUS Calcinatus, Hydrargyri oxy- 
 dum rubrum — h. cum Crcta, Hydrargyrum cum 
 creta — h. Muriatus, Hydrargyri oxymurias — h. 
 Nitratus ruber, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum. 
 
 Hydrargyrus Phosphora'tus, Phoaphuret'ted 
 me?-cwy. This preparation has been recom- 
 mended in cases of inveterate venereal ulcers, 
 but is now scarcely used. 
 
 Hydrargyrus Sulphuretus Ruber, Hydrar- 
 gj'ri sulphuretum rubrum — h. cum Sulphure, 
 Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum — h. e Sulphure, 
 Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum. 
 
 Hydrargy«us Vitriola'tus, Turpe'thum mi- 
 nera'le, Mercurius emet'icus flavus seu caua'ticus 
 famis seu lu'teua, Hydrargyri svlphaa seu aulphaa 
 flavus (Ph. U. S.), jSubsuljihaa Hydrargyri favue, 
 Oxydum hydrargyri aulphu'ricwn, Suhsul'jyhua 
 hydrargyri peroxida'ti. Calx mercu'rii vitriola'ta, 
 Turbith min'eral, (F.) Sous-sulfate de mereure ou 
 turbith mineral. [Hydrarg. ^\y; Acid. Sulph. 
 ^vj. Mix in a glass vessel, and boil in a sand- 
 bath till a dry, white mass remains. Rub this 
 into powder, and throw it into boiling water. 
 Pour off the liquor, and wash the yellow preci- 
 pitated powder repeatedly with hot water; then 
 dry it — Ph. U. S.) Two grains of this mercurinl 
 act on the stomach violently. It is sometimes 
 recommended as an errhine in amaurosis. 
 HYDRARTHRON, Hydrarthrus. 
 HYDRARTHROS, Hydrarthrus. 
 HYDRARTHROSIS, Hydrarthrus. 
 HYDRAR'THRUS, Hydarthrus, H. eijnovia'- 
 lis, Hydrops articulo'rum, Hydrarihron, Hydrar'- 
 thros, Jlelice'ria, Sj^ina vento'aa of Rhazes and 
 Avicenna, Arthri'tia Hydrar'thros, Hydarthro'ais, 
 Hydrarthro'sis, Emmyx'ium articula're. Tumor 
 albita. White siuelling ; from 'viwp, 'water,' and 
 ap&pov, 'a joint.' (F.) Tumexir blanche, T. lym- 
 phatique des articulations. The French surgeons 
 apply the term Hydrarthrua to dropsy of the ar- 
 ticulations. White swelling is an extremely for- 
 midable disease. It may attack any one of the 
 joints ; but is most commonly met with in the 
 knee, the haunch, the foot, the elbow, and gene- 
 rally occurs in scrofulous children. It consists, 
 at times, in tumefaction, and softening of the 
 soft parts and ligaments, which surround the 
 joints; at others, in swelling and caries of the 
 articular extremities of bones; or both these 
 states may exist at the same time. Tlie treat- 
 ment consists in the employment of counter-irri- 
 tants; the use of iodine internally and externally, 
 &c. Also, Synovia. 
 
 HYDRASTIS EXPAN'SA, Great freshwater 
 Tortoise. On the sandy banks of rivers in Peru 
 this animal buries its eggs, from which the Indians 
 extract oil. Its flesh supplies well-flavoured food. 
 — Tschudi. 
 
 HYDRASTIS, H. Canadensis. 
 Hydras'tis Canaden'sis, Hydrastis, (perhaps 
 from 'viuip, 'water,' and ipaw, ' I am active,') 
 Warnera Canaden'sis, Hydrophyll'um veritm, 
 Cana'dian Hydrastis, Yellow Root, Orange Root, 
 Yellow Puccoon, Ground Rasp'berry, Yellow 
 Paint, Golden Seal, In'dian Paint, Eyebalin. 
 Nat. Ord. RanunculacetB. It is used in Ken- 
 tucky as a 'mouth water,' and as an outward ap- 
 plication in wounds and local inflammations. 
 
 HYDRA'TION, Hydra'tio, from 'u^up, ' water.' 
 Impregnation or moistening with water ; as Hy- 
 drate means impregnated or moistened with 
 water. 
 
 HYDRELiE'OiSr, Hydrolm'um, from 'vbi^p, 
 
HYDRELYTRON 
 
 472 
 
 HYDROCEPHALUS 
 
 'watei,' and s\aiov, 'oil.' A misture of water 
 and oii. 
 
 HYDRELYTRON, see Hydrocele. 
 
 HYDRBMA, (Edema. 
 
 HYDRENCEPHALITIS, Hydrocephalus in- 
 
 ternus. 
 
 HYDRENCEPHALIUM, Hydrocephalus in- 
 ternes. _ __ , 
 
 HYDRENCEPHALOCE'LE, Hydrocephalo- 
 ce'le, from 'vbwp, 'water,' tyKe<pa.\(is, 'the ence- 
 phalon,' and k^A?;, 'rupture, protrusion.' A rnon- 
 strosity in which there is a fissure of the cranium, 
 the integument of the head being present, and 
 forming a hernial sac in which the brain lies out- 
 side the skull — the sac containing a large quan- 
 tity of serous fluid. Also, Hydrocephalus chro- 
 nicus. 
 
 HYDRENCEPHALON, see Hydrocephalus 
 chronicus. 
 
 HYDRENCEPH'ALOID, from 'n^ojp, 'water,' 
 tyKt<pa\oi, 'the brain,' and ek^oj, 'resemblance.' 
 Resembling hydrencephalus. Jlydrenceph'uloid 
 disease, Siyn'i'ioiis hydroce])h'cdus, Pseudo-ence- 
 phali't'ts. Disorders of the bowels, and exhaus- 
 tion in children, are at times attended with hy- 
 drencephaloid symptoms. 
 
 HYDRENCEPHALUS, Hydrocephalus inter- 
 nus. _ 
 
 HYDRENTEROCE'LE, from 'vlmp, 'water,' 
 tvTtpov, ' intestine,' and Kri>^ri, ' a tumour.' Intes- 
 tinal hernia, the sac of which encloses fluid. 
 
 HYDRENTEROMPHALOCE'LE, Hydrente- 
 rom'phalns, from 'viop, 'water,' ti/rtpoi', 'intes- 
 tine,' oiiipaXos, 'umbilicus,' and /ojAi?, 'rupture.' 
 Umbilical hernia with intestine and water in the 
 sac. 
 
 HYDRENTEROMPHALUS, Hydrenterom- 
 phalocele. 
 
 HYDREPIGASTRIUM, see Ascites. 
 HYDREPIPLOCE'LE, from 'vSuip, 'water,' 
 fTTjirXooi/, ' omentum,' and Kv>^rj, ' rupture.' Omen- 
 tal hernia, with water in the sac. 
 
 HYDREPIPLOM'PHALUS,iyyrfj-e2J)>fcm;9Aa- 
 loce'le, from 'mJup, ' water,' svivXoov, ' omentum,' 
 and on(pa\o!, 'umbilicus.' Umbilical hernia, with 
 omentum and water in the sac. 
 HYDRETRUM, Ascites. 
 HYDRIASIS, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 HYDRIATER, see Hydropathic. 
 HYDRIATRIA, Hydrosudotherapeia, 
 HYDRIATRICA ARS, Hydrosudotherapeia, 
 HYDRIATRICUS, see Hydropathic. 
 HYDRIATRUS, see Hydropathic. 
 HYDRIODAS KALICUS, see Potassee hy- 
 driodas. 
 
 HYDRIODIC ACID, see Acid, hydriodic. 
 HYDRO'A, Hidro'a, Aqu'ula, Boa, Planta 
 noetis, from 'v^wp, ' water.' An affection, which 
 consists in an accumulatioH of water or serous 
 fluid under the epidermis. Some have used hy- 
 dro'a synonymously with sudamina ; others with 
 j>emphigus. In the first case, it has generally, 
 howevei', been written hidro'a, from 'iSpwg, 
 'sweat,' and in the latter hydro' a. See Hydatid. 
 H Y D R iE ' M I A, Hydra' mia, Hamyd'ria ; 
 from 'u^wp, 'water,' and ^aip.a, 'blood.' Anaemia. 
 The state of the blood in which the watery con- 
 stituents are in excess. 
 
 HYDRO AEROPLETJRIE, Hydropneumo- 
 thorax. 
 
 HYDROA'RION, Hydrooph'oron, Hydroo- 
 pJior'ia, Hyd/od'rittm, Hydroova'rium, Hy'drops 
 ova'rii, Asci'tes ovarii, A. sacca'tus, (F.) Hydro- 
 pisie de I'ovaire, from 'vcwp,' water,' and wapiov, 
 ' ovarium.' Dropsy of the ovarium. 
 HYDROATA, Sudamina. 
 HYDROBLEPH'ARON, Hy'drops Pal'pelra, 
 
 BlepTiaroede'ma aqtio'sum, CEde'ma palpehra'- 
 riun. An oedema or watery swelling of the eye- 
 lids ; from 'viwp, 'water,' and ^\t<pa^ov, ' eyelid.' 
 HYDROCACHEXIA, Leucophlegmatia. 
 HYDROCARDIA, Hydropericardium, see Pe- 
 ricardium. 
 
 HYDROCATARRHOPHE'SIS, Hydrocatar. 
 rhoph'ia, from 'viiop, ' water,' and KaTap^ofuv, 'to 
 sip up.' Absorption of water from without. 
 
 HYDROCE'LE, Hydrops Scroti seu testiculo'- 
 rum, Hydroscheoce'le, Hydatoce'le, Hydros' cheimi) 
 Hydror'cliis, Hydroscheonie, (Alibert,) from 'vSio^, 
 ' water,' and KriXri, ' a tumour.' A term gene- 
 rally applied to a collection of serous fluid in 
 the areolar texture of the scrotum or in some 
 of the coverings, either of the testicle or sper- 
 matic cord. To the first of these varieties the 
 names — External Hydrocele, H. cedemato'des, 
 (F.) H. par infiltration have been given ; and to 
 the second, those of Hydroce'le inter'na, H. tu'- 
 niecB vagina'lis tes'tis, Hydrel'ytron, (F.) H. par 
 ^panchement. When the collection occurs in the 
 envelope of the testicle, it is called H. of the 
 tunica vaginalis; and the epithet congenital is 
 added, when the interior of the membrane, in 
 which it is situate, still communicates freely with 
 the cavity of the abdomen. When it exists in the 
 spermatic chord, it is called encysted, or diffused 
 Hydrocele of the spermatic cord, as the case may 
 be. The tumour of the distended scrotum is ob- 
 long : greater below than above ; indolent and 
 semi-transparent. AVhen it becomes inconve- 
 niently large, the fluid may be evacuated by 
 puncturing with a trocar, but, as it collects 
 again, this operation can only be considered 
 palliative. The radical cure consists, usually, in 
 injecting, through the canula of the trocar, which 
 has been left in, after puncturing, some irritating 
 liquid, as wine. This is kept in the tunica vagi- 
 nalis for a few minutes, and then withdrawn. 
 The coat inflames ; adhesion takes place, and the 
 cavity is obliterated. 
 
 Hydrocele of the Neck. A tumour, filled 
 with a watery fluid, occupj^ing some portion of 
 the neck. 
 
 Hyueocele PeritonjEI, Ascites — h. Spinalis, 
 Hydrorachis. 
 
 HYDROCENO'SIS, from 'u^wp, 'water,' and 
 Ktviiiaii, ' evacuation.' The evacuation of water 
 morbidly accumulated in the body. 
 HYDROOEPHALE, Hydrocephalus. 
 HYDROCEPHALE AIGUE, Hydrocephalus 
 internus. 
 
 HYDROCEPHALITIS, Hydrocephalus inter- 
 nus. 
 
 HYDROCEPHALIUM, Hydrocephalus. 
 K Y D R C E P HALOCELE, Hydrencephalo- 
 cele. 
 
 HYDROCEPHALOEOTASIE, Hydrocepha- 
 lus chronicus. 
 
 HYDROCEPH'ALUS, Hydroceph'alum, Hy- 
 drocra'nia, Hydrocra'nium, Hydrocephal'ium, 
 Hydrocepih'ale, Hydrops Cap'itis seu Cer'ehri, 
 from 'vSwp, 'water,' and Kc<pa\v, 'the head." 
 Water in the head, Dropsy of the head, Dropsy 
 of the hrain. A collection of water within the 
 head. It may be internal or external. 
 
 Hydrocephalus Acutus, H. internus — h. 
 Acutus senum, Apoplexy, serous — h. Adnatus, 
 see H. chronicus — h. Congenitus, see H. chronicus 
 — h. Externus, H. chronicus — h. Meningeus, H. 
 internus. 
 
 Hydrocephalus Chron'icus, Hydrencephn- 
 loce'le, Hydrops Cap'itis seu arachnoideo!, Hy- 
 drocephalus externus, (F.) Hydrocephale, Hydro- 
 cephaloecfasie of some, may exist at birth. Hy- 
 drenceph' alon, Hydrocephalus congen'itus seu 
 adna'tus commonly commences at an early period 
 
HYDEOCHAMAIMELUM 
 
 4 73 
 
 HYDRO-ENTERO 
 
 of existence, and the accumulation of fluid gradu- 
 ally produces distension of the brain, and of the 
 skull, with separation of the sutures. It com- 
 monly proves fatal before puberty. 
 
 Hydrocephalus Externus, (Ede'ma cap'itis, 
 Cephalosde' met, of some, is a mere infiltration into 
 the subcutaneous cellular tissue of the cranium. 
 
 Hydrocephalus Inter'nus, Hydroceph'alus 
 acu'tus seu meninqe'iis, Hydrops cer'ebri, Ence- 
 plialal'gia hydrop'ica, Encephali'tis exsudato'ria, 
 Eneephali'tis seu Meningi'tis Infan'tum seu liy- 
 drocephal'ica, llorbus cerebra'lis Whyt'tii, Eii'- 
 tero-cephalop'yra Infan'tum, Hydrophlogo' sis 
 Ventriculo'rum cer'ebri, EncepJialoch'ysis, Phre- 
 nic'ida Tiydrocephal'iea, Hydrenceph'alus, Hy- 
 drencejyhali'tis, Hydrencephal'ium, Hydrocepha- 
 li'tis, Hydromeningi'tis, Febris seu Apoplex'ia 
 Tiydrocephal'iect, Cants }iydroceph' alus, Water 
 Brain Fever, Whytfs Disease, (F.) Hydrocephale 
 aigue, Fievre cerebrate des Enfans, is generally 
 seated, according to modern observers, in the 
 meninges and surface of the encephalon, and is a 
 tuber'eiilar meningi'tis, Meningi'tis tuberculo'sa, 
 Encephalostrumo'sis, Gran'ular or SeropJiu'lous 
 meningi'tis, (F.) Meningite tuberculeuse ou granu- 
 leuse, Ptsdencephalie. — Piorry. It is observed 
 particularly in childhood. Its march is extremely 
 acute and often very rapid; admitting, generally, 
 however, of division into three stages. The symp- 
 toms of the first stage are those of general febrile 
 irritation, with head-ache, intolerance of light and 
 sound, delirium, &c. Those of the second, which 
 generally denote that the inflammation has ended 
 in effusion, are, great slowness of pulse, crying out 
 as if in distress, moaning, dilated pupil, squint- 
 ing, <fcc. ; and lastly, in the third stage — pro- 
 found stupor, paralysis, convulsions, involuntary 
 evacuations, quick pulse, and frequently death. 
 The disease is of uncertain duration; sometimes, 
 destroying in two or three days; at others, ex- 
 tending to two or three weeks. The prognosis 
 is unfavourable. The treatment must be active 
 during the stage of excitement, — precisely that 
 which is necessary in phrenitis. In the second 
 stage, the indication is ; — to promote the absorp- 
 tion of the effused fluid. This must be done by 
 counter-irritants, and mercury, chiefly. On dis- 
 section, water is generally found in the ventricles, 
 or at the base of the brain; or there are evidences 
 of previous vascular excitement, as effusions of 
 coagulable lymph, &c. 
 
 Hydeocephalus Spurius, Hydrencephaloid, 
 (disease.) 
 
 HYDEOCHAMAIMELUM, Infusum anthemi- 
 dis_^ 
 
 HYDROCHEZIA, Diarrhoea serosa. 
 
 HYDROCHLORATE D'OR, see Gold. 
 
 HYDROCHLORINAS NATRICUS, Soda, 
 muriate of. 
 
 HYDROGHOLECYSTIS, Turgescentia vesi- 
 culsB fellese. 
 
 HYDROCH'YSES,(G.)Hydrochy sen. from 
 'u5a)p, 'water,' and xvai;, 'effusion.' A family of 
 diseases, according to the classification of Fuchs, 
 in which there is a sudden effusion of serous fluid, 
 as in serous apoplexy, hydrocephalus, <fcc. 
 
 HYDROCIRSOCE'lI, Hygrocirsoce'le, Hy- 
 groce'le, from 'vSoip, 'water,' Ktpaog, 'varix,' and 
 Krj^n, 'tumour.' A tumour, formed by the vari- 
 cose distension of the veins of the spermatic cord, 
 and by the accumulation of serous fluid in the 
 areolar texture of the scrotum. 
 
 HYDROCCELTA, Ascites. 
 
 HYDROCONIUM, Bath, shower. 
 
 HYDROCOT'YLE ASIAT'ICA,Cor%a»),Pe.5. 
 cqui'nus, Asint'ic Pen'nywort. Order, Umbelli- 
 feroe. A plant of India, Cape of Good Hope, 
 
 and Jamaica, where it is supposed to be possessed 
 of astringent and diuretic properties. The leaves 
 are applied to bruised parts to prevent inflamma- 
 tion. The Hydrocotyle has recently been ex- 
 tolled, in India, as a remedy for lepra. 
 
 Hydrocot'yle Centel'la. A South African 
 plant, the roots and stalks of which are astrin- 
 gent; and used in diarrhoea and dysentery. 
 
 Hydrocotyle Umbellatum, Acaricoba. 
 
 HYDROCRANIA, Hydrocephalus. 
 
 HYDROCRANIUM, Hydrocephalus. 
 
 HYDROCRITHE, Decoctum Hordei. 
 
 HYDROCYAN'IC ACID, Ac"idum Eydrocy- 
 an'icum; from 'viap, 'water,' and Kvavog, 'blue. 
 Prussia Acid, Ac"idum Prus'sicum seu Borus'- 
 sicum seu Zoot'icuni sen Zootin' icum, Cyanohy'- 
 dric or Gyanhy'drio Acid, (F.) Acide Hydro- 
 cyanique ou Prussique. This acid exists in a 
 great variety of native combinations in the vege- 
 table kingdom, and imparts to them certain pro- 
 perties, which have been long known and es- 
 teemed; as in the bitter almond, cherry laurelj 
 leaves of the peach tree, hernels of fruit, pips of 
 apples, &c. AVhen concentrated, it is liquid, co- 
 lourless, of a strong smell and taste, at first cool, 
 afterwards burning. Its s. g. at 7° Centigrade, is 
 0.7058. It is very volatile, and enters into ebul- 
 lition at 80° Fahr. It speedily undergoes de- 
 composition, sometimes in less than an hour, and 
 consists of a peculiar gazeous and highly inflam- 
 mable compound of carbon and azote, to which 
 the name Cyan'ogen has been assigned; and of 
 hydrogen, which acts as the acidifying principle : 
 hence its name Hydrocyanic acid. In the Phar- 
 macopoeia of the United States, (1851,) two for- 
 mulae for the preparation of the Ac"idum hydro- 
 cyan'icum dilu'tum — Ac"idum hydrocyan'icum. 
 Ph. U. S. of 1842 — are given; the one from the 
 Ferro-cyanuret of Potassium ; the other from the 
 Cyanuret of Silver. According to Magendie, the 
 acid, prepared after Scheele's method — the one 
 in common use — is of irregular medicinal power: 
 he, therefore, recommends Gay Lussae's acid, 
 diluted with 6 times its volume, or 8.5 times its 
 weight of distilled water, for medicinal purposes, 
 and this he calls JIedic"inal Prussic Acid. Dr. 
 Ure has proposed, that the specific gravity should 
 indicate that which is proper for medicinal exhi- 
 bition ; and, after comparative experiments of the 
 gravity of the acids, obtained by different pro- 
 cesses, he states, that the acid, usually prescribed, 
 is of s. g. 0.996 or 0.997. Great caution is, how- 
 ever, necessary. One drop of pure prussic acid 
 may instantly destroy, and the animal show 
 hardly any traces of irritability, a few moments 
 after death. It has been advised in laryngeal 
 phthisis, in pulmonary phthisis, pulmonary in- 
 flammation and irritation, dyspepsia, uterine affec- 
 tions, hectic cough, cancer, chronic rheumatism, 
 and mania, and as a local remedy in impetiginous 
 affections; but, although possessed of powerful 
 sedative properties, it is so unmanageable and 
 the preparation so uncertain, that it is not much 
 used. The Dose of Scheele's Acid, or of the Me- 
 dicinal Prussic Acid, is from a quarter of a drop 
 to two drops. 
 
 HYDROCYS'TIS, from 'vhw^, 'water,' and 
 KvcTii, 'a bladder.' A cyst containing a watery 
 or serous fluid. An hydatid. Also, saccated 
 
 HYDRODERMA, Anasarca. 
 HYDRODES, Aqueous. 
 HYDRODIARRHOEA, Diarrhoea, serous. 
 HYDRCEDEMA, (Edema. 
 
 HYDRO-ENCjEPHALORRHEE, Apoplexy, 
 serous. 
 
 HYDRO -ENTERO-EPIPLOCE'LE, Hydro- 
 epiplo-enteroce'le ; from 'v^up, 'water,' Exripav, 
 'intestine,' and wi-Aooi/ 'omentum.' Entero- 
 
HYDRO-ENTERO-EPIPLOMPHALUM 4 7 4 
 
 HYDROPATHIC 
 
 epiplocele, tlie sac of which contains a serous 
 fluid. 
 
 HYDRO-ENTERO-EPIPLOM'PHALUM, 
 from 'vSiap, ' water/ cvrepov, ' an intestine,' tiri- 
 ■nioov, 'the caul,' and ojiipaXo;, 'the navel.' Um- 
 bilical hernia, the sac of which contains intestine, 
 epiploon, and serum. 
 
 HYDRO- ENTEROM'PHALUM, Hydrente- 
 rom'pkalum ; from 'vSwp, 'water,' (.vrepov, 'an in- 
 testine,' and oii(pa\os, 'the umbilicus.' Hernia 
 umbilicalis, the sac of which contains intestine 
 and serum. _ 
 
 HYDRO-EPIPLOCE'LE, from <vSwp, 'water,' 
 eTTiirXoov, 'omentum,' and k^M) 'a tumour.' Her- 
 nia, formed by omentum, the sac of which con- 
 tains serum. 
 
 HYDRO-EPIPLO-ENTEROCELE, Hydro- 
 ' entero-epiplocele. 
 
 HYDRO -EPIPLOMPH'ALUM, from 'xiSuip, 
 ' water,' £77477X001/, ' the omentum,' and op(pa\oi, 
 ' the umbilicus.' Umbilical hernia, the sac of 
 which contains epiploon and serum. 
 
 H YDROG'ALA, from 'uowp, ' water,' and ya\a, 
 'milk.' A mixture of water and milk. 
 
 HYDROGASTER, Ascites. 
 
 HY'DROGEjST, Hydrogen'ium, Injlam' mahle 
 air, Phlogis'ton, Princip'ium hydrorjenet' icum sen 
 hydrot'icum, Ifephi'tia injiammah'ilis, (F.) Hy- 
 dvoghie, Air inflammahle, Qaz des hallons, from 
 'vhwp, 'water,' and y^waw, 'I produce.' This 
 gas, when breathed, proves fatal from containing 
 no oxygen. When diluted with two-thirds of at- 
 mospheric air, it occasions some diminution of 
 muscular power and sensibility, and a reduction 
 of the force of the circulation. It has been re- 
 spired in catarrh, haemoptysis, and phthisis. 
 
 Hydrogen, Carburet'ted, In flam' mahle air, 
 Fire damp, of miners, (F.) Hydrogene carbone 
 ou proto-carbone, Grisou — obtained by pass- 
 ing the vapour of water over charcoal, at the 
 temperature of ignition, in an iron tube — has 
 been found possessed of similar properties, when 
 diluted, and has been used in like cases. 
 
 Hydrogen, Protoxide of. Water. 
 
 Hydrogen, Sulphuretted, JJydrosnlph'uric, 
 SuljjJihy' dric, Snljiholiydric or Hydrotkion'io acid, 
 Hydrothi'on, Gaz hepat'ieum seu hydrogen'ium 
 tulpJiura'tum, Ilephi'tis hep)at'ica, (F.) Hydrogene 
 tidfure, Acide hydrosulfurique, Air p>wxnt ou he- 
 jMtique, may be disengaged from any of the sul- 
 phurets by the addition of a strong acid. It is a 
 violent poison, but has been recommended to be 
 inhaled, diluted, to allay the increased irritability 
 which occasionally exists after diseases of the 
 lungs. See Hydro-sulphuretted Water. 
 
 HYDROGENATION, see Hydrogeneses. 
 
 HYDROGENE, Hydrogen — ^. Carbone ou 
 protocarbone, Hydrogen, carburetted — h. Sidfure, 
 Hydrogen, sulphuretted. 
 
 HYDROGENESES. Baumes gives this name 
 to diseases which he fancifully considers to de- 
 pend upon disturbed hydrogenation. In it he in- 
 cludes intermittent and remittent fevers. 
 
 HYDROGENO - SULPHURETUM AMMO- 
 NIAC^ LIQUIDUM, Ammonise sulphuretum. 
 
 HYDROGLOSSA, Ranula. 
 
 HYDROGRAPHY, see Hydrology. 
 
 HYDROHEMIE, Antsmia, Hydro£emia. 
 
 HYDROHYMENI'TIS, Orrhohymeni'tis, from 
 'D^cop, 'water,' 'viiriv, 'a membrane,' and itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of a serous 
 membrane. 
 
 HYDROHYSTERA, Hydrometra. 
 
 HYDROL^UM. Hydrelajon. 
 
 HYDROLAPATHUM,Rumexhydrolapathum. 
 
 HYDROLATA, Aquse destiUatEe. 
 
 HYDROLATS, Aqu^ destillataj, Water, dis- 
 tilled. 
 
 HYDROLE, Decoction, Fomentation, Lotion, 
 Mucilage, Potion, Tisane. See Hydrolica. 
 
 HYDROL'ICA, (F.) Hydroliques, from 'vhu>p, 
 'water.' Watery solutions of the active princi- 
 ples of medicinal agents. Those prepared by so- 
 lution or admixture are termed, by some of the 
 modern 'Srenah pTiarmaciens, Hydroles ; those by 
 distillation, Hydrolats. 
 HYDROLIQUES, Hydrolica. 
 HYDROLITE, Decoction, Mucilage, Potion. 
 
 HYDROL'OGY, Hydrolog"ia, from 'v&wp, ' wa- 
 ter,' and \oyos, ' a discourse.' A treatise on water. 
 By the term Medical HydroV ogy is meant that 
 part of physics, whose object is the study of wa- 
 ter, considered as it respects medicine ; and, con- 
 sequently, embracing that of mineral waters. 
 Jledical Hydrog'raphy comprises the study of the 
 influence exerted by the sea or by navigation on 
 the health of man. 
 
 HYDROLOTIF, Fomentation, Lotion. 
 
 HYDROMA'NIA, from 'v&iDp, 'water,' and 
 jtavLu, 'mania.' A name given by Strambi to 
 pellagra, in which the patient has a strong pro- 
 pensity to drown himself. 
 
 HYDRO-MEDIASTI'NUM, Hydrops medias- 
 ti'ni. Effusion of serous fluid into the mediastinum. 
 
 HY'DROMEL, Hydrom'eli, from 'vSup, ' water,' 
 and //eXj, 'honey.' Aqzta mulsa, Meliti'tis, lid- 
 sum, Melie'ratuni, llellic'ratum, Braggart, Iledo. 
 A liquid medicine, prepared with an ounce and a 
 half of honey and a pint of te])id tuater. It is 
 used as a demulcent and laxative, and is gene- 
 rally known under the names Simple hy'dromel. 
 Vinous hy'dromel, Head, Hydrom'eli vino'sum, 
 (Enomel, is a drink made by fermenting honey 
 and water, and is much used in some countries. 
 As a common drink, mead is often made of honey 
 and some alcoholic liquor well beaten together. 
 See Mahogany. 
 
 HYDROMELLE. A preparation formed like 
 the syrups, using hydromel in place of sugar. — 
 Beral. 
 
 HYDROMENINGITIS, Aquo-membranitis, 
 Hydrocephalus internus. 
 
 HYDROMETER, Areometer. 
 
 HYDROME'TRA, Hydrome'iria, ITydrohys'- 
 tera, Hydrotnetrecta'sia, Hysteri'tes, Hystercede'- 
 via. Hydrops u'teri, from 'u(5(op, 'water,' and 
 \ir]rpa, 'the womb.' Dropsy of the womb. A dis- 
 ease characterized by circumscribed protuberance 
 in the hypogastrium, — with obscure fluctuation, 
 progressively enlarging, without isehury or preg- 
 nancy. If it ever occur, it must be a rare disease. 
 
 HYDROMETRECTASIA, Hydrometra. 
 
 HYDROM'PHALUM, Hydrops vmbilica'lis, 
 Exom'pihalus aquo'sus, Her'nia ximbili'ci aquo'sa, 
 from 'vSwp, 'water,' and oijipa\oi, 'the navel.' A 
 tumour, formed by the accumulation of serum in 
 the sac of umbilical hernia: or simply by disten- 
 sion of the navel in eases of ascites. 
 
 HYDROMYRIN'GA, Hydromyrinx, Hydrops 
 tym'pani, from 'u^oip, 'water,' and myringa or 
 myrinx, 'the membrana tympani.' Dropsy of the 
 drum of the ear ,• giving rise to difficulty of 
 hearing, — Dysecce'a hydrop'ica. 
 
 HYDROMYRINX, Hydromyringa. 
 
 HYDRONCUS, Anasarca, (Edema. 
 
 HYDRONEPHRO'SIS, (F.) Hydronejyhrose, 
 Hydrorenale distension, from 'vBiup, 'water,' and 
 vt^poq, 'kidney.' An accumulation in the kidney, 
 owing to the obstruction of the tubes of the joa- 
 pilla;. — Rayer. 
 
 HYDRONOSUS, Hydrops. 
 
 HYDRONUSUS. Hydrops. 
 
 HYDROOARION, Hydroarion. 
 
 HYDROOPHORON, Hydroarion. 
 
 HYDROOVARIUM, Hydroarion. 
 
 HYDROPATII'IC, Hydropath'icus, Hydriat'- 
 ricus, from 'viiup, ' water,' and Trados, ' disease.' 
 
HYDROPATHY 
 
 475 
 
 HYDROPNEUMOSARCA 
 
 Relating to hydropathy or the water-cure, — as a 
 hydropathic physician, Hydri'd'ter, Uijdrid'triw. 
 
 HYDROPATHY, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 
 HYDROPEDE'SIS, from 'viwp, 'water,' and 
 trriiaia, 'I break out.' Ephidro' sis. Excessive 
 sweating. 
 
 HYDROPEGE, "Water, spring. 
 
 HYDROPELTIS PURPUREA, Brasenia hy- 
 dropeltis. 
 
 HYDROPERICARDIA, Hvdropericardinm. 
 
 HYDROPERICARDITIS, Hydropericardium. 
 
 HYDROPERICAR'DIUM, Hydropericar'dia, 
 nydropericardi'tis, from 'vioip, ' water,' and peri- 
 cardiura ; Hydrops Pericar'dii, Hydrocar'dia, 
 Dropsy of the pericar'dium, (F.) Hydropisie du 
 Pericarde. This is not a common disease. Pal- 
 pitations ; irregular or intermitting pulse ; exces- 
 sive dyspnoea, amounting often to orthopnoea, 
 and dulness over a large space on. percussion, will 
 cause the pericardium to be suspected. The treat- 
 ment is that of dropsies in general. It is, usu- 
 ally, however, of the active kind. 
 
 UYDROPEBIONE, from 'vlwp, 'water,' irt^i, 
 'around,' and aov, 'an egg, or ovum.' The sero- 
 albuminous substance, secreted by the lining of 
 the uterus prior to the arrival of the impregnated 
 ovum in that cavity. — Breschet. 
 
 HYDROPERITONEUM, Ascites. 
 
 HYDROPERITONIE, Ascites. 
 
 HYDROPHAL'LUS, from 'u^up, 'water,' and 
 (paXXoc, 'the male organ.' (Edema of the male 
 organ. 
 
 HYDROPHIMOSIS, Phimosis redematodes. 
 
 HYDROPHLEGMASIA TEXTUS CELLU- 
 LARIS, Phlegmasia alba. 
 
 HYDROPHLOGOSIS VENTRICULORUM 
 CEREBRI, Hydrocephalus intornus. 
 
 HYDROPH'OB'IA, Paraphob'ia, ParopTioh'm, 
 Pliohodip' son, Pheu'gydron, PheugophoV ia, Cy- 
 nolys'sa, Cynolys'sum, Morhus hydrophob icus seu 
 hydroph'obus, Lycan'che, Lycan'cMs, Aerop>hob'{a, 
 Phreni'tis latrans, Lytta, Lyssa, L. cani'na, Pan- 
 tophob'ia, Rabies cani'na, EretJiis'nms hydro2}ho- 
 bia, Clonos hydrophobia, Hygrophohia, Aqua 
 metus. Canine madness, Water fright, (F.) Rage ; 
 from 'ihJwp, ' water,' and <po(Sog, ' dread.' 
 
 The term Rabies is more appropriate for the 
 aggregate of symptoms resulting from the bite 
 of rabid animals. Hydrophobia literally signifies 
 a ' dread of water ;' and, consequently, ought to 
 be applied to one of the symptoms of rabies, rather 
 than to the disease itself. It is a symptom which 
 appears occasionally in other nervous affections. 
 Rabies is susceptible of spontaneous development 
 in the dog, wolf, eat, and fox, which can thence 
 transmit it to other quadrupeds or to man ; but 
 it has not been proved that it can supervene, — 
 without their having been previously bitten, — in 
 animals of other species ; or that the latter can, 
 when bitten, communicate it to others. Many 
 facts induce the belief, that the saliva and bron- 
 chial mucus are the sole vehicles of the rabid 
 virus ; the effects of which upon the economy 
 sometimes appear almost immediately after the 
 bite, and are, at others, apparently dormant for a 
 considerable period. The chief symptoms are — 
 a sense of dryness and constriction of the throat; 
 excessive thirst ; diiScult deglutition ,• aversion 
 for, and horror at, the sight of liquids as well as 
 of brilliant objects; red, animated countenance; 
 great nervous irritability; frothy saliva; grinding 
 of the teeth, &c. Death most commonly happens 
 before the fifth day. Hydrophobia has hitherto 
 resisted all therapeutical means. Those which 
 allay irritation are obviously most called for. In 
 the way of prevention, the bitten part should 
 always be excised, where practicable; and cau- 
 terized. 
 
 In some cases, symptoms like those which fol- 
 low the bite of a rabid animal are said to have 
 come on spontaneously. This affection has been 
 termed nervovs or spontaneous hydropAobia. 
 
 HYDROPHOBUS, Lyssodectus. 
 
 HYDROPHTHAL'MIA, from 'viwp, 'water,' 
 and o(p^aXixos, 'the eye.' Hydrophthal' mus, 
 Dropsy of the eye. Hydrops Oc'uli, Bujithal'mns, 
 Zobphthal'mns, Oc'ulus Bovi'nus seu Bu'buJus 
 seu Elephan'tinus, Ophthalmopto'sis, Parop'sis 
 Staphylo'ma simplex, (F.) Hydrophthahnie, Hy- 
 dropisie de I'oeiL This affection is caused, at 
 times, by an increase in the quantity of the aque- 
 ous, at others, of the vitreous, humour. In the 
 former case, the iris is concave anteriorly, and 
 pushed backwards: — in the latter, it is convex, 
 and pushed forwards. Most commonly, the dis- 
 ease seems to depend on both humours at the 
 same time. Hydrophthalmia sometimes affects 
 both eyes ; at others, only one. Children are 
 more exposed to it than adults or old persons. 
 The treatment must vary according to the cause ; 
 its longer or shorter duration ; greater or less 
 extent, &o. Hence, according to circumstances, 
 hydragogue medicines, purgatives, general and 
 local blood-letting, blisters, setons, moxa, cup- 
 ping-glasses, fomentations, collyria, and fumiga- 
 tions of different kinds, have been employed. 
 When all means fail, and the disease continues 
 to make progress, the fluid may be evacuated, by 
 a puncture made with a cataract needle at the 
 lower part of the transparent cornea. 
 
 Htdeophthalmia, Conical, Staphyloma of 
 the cornea. 
 
 HYDROPHTHAL'MION. Same etymon. An 
 oedematous swelling of the conjunctiva in hydro- 
 pic persons. 
 
 • HYDROPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia— h. 
 Cruentus, Hsemophthalmia. 
 
 HYDROPHYLLUM VERUM, Hydrastis Ca- 
 nadensis. 
 
 HYDROPHYSOCE'LE, Hydropneumatoce'le, 
 from 'viwp, 'water,' (pvaa, 'wind,' and KriXr/, 'a 
 tumour.' Hernia, which contains a serous fluid 
 and gas. 
 
 HYDROPHYSOME'TRA, from 'viwp, 'water,' 
 <i>v(Tat,i, *I inflate,' and i^vrpa, 'the womb.' A 
 morbid condition of the womb, in which both 
 fluid and air are contained in it. 
 
 HYDROP'IC, Hydrop'icus, Hy'phydros, Hy- 
 der'ieus, Hydero'des, Drop)' sical, (Sc.) Edrop>p>it, 
 (F.) Hydropique. One labouring under dropsy. 
 Drop'sied. Relating to dropsy. Also, an anti- 
 hydropic, and a hydragogue. 
 
 HYDROPIPER, Polygonum hydropiper. 
 
 HYDROPISIA, Hydrops. 
 
 HYDROPISIE, Hydrops — L du Bas-ventre, 
 Ascites — h. Cardiaque, Dropsy, cardiac — h. Cere- 
 brate suraigve, Apoplexy, serous — h. Hepaiique, 
 Dropsy, hepatic — h. de V QSil, Hydrophthalmia — 
 h. de I'Ovaire, Hydroarion — h. du Pericarde, Hy- 
 dropericardium — h. du Peritoine, Ascites — h. dea 
 Plevres, Hydrothorax — h. de Poitrine, Hydro- 
 thorax — h. Renale, Dropsy, renal — h. de la Vesi- 
 cule du Fiel, Turgescentia vesica fellefe. 
 
 HYDROPISIS, Hydrops— h. Vera, Anasarca, 
 
 HYDROPISMUS, Hydrops. 
 
 HYDROPLEURIE, Hvdrothorax. 
 
 HYDROPXEUMATOCELE, Hydrophysocele, 
 
 HYDROPNEUMON, Hydropneumonia. 
 
 H Y D R P N E U M ' N I A, Hydropneu'mon, 
 (Ede'ma pidmo'num chron'icum. Hydrops pulmo'- 
 num seu pulmo'mtm celhdo'sus, Anasar'ea piilmo'- 
 num, from 'vSwp, ' water,' and irvcvfiuiv, 'the lung.' 
 Dropsical infiltration of the lungs. See (Edema 
 of the lungs. 
 
 HYDROPNEUMOSAR'CA, from 'vSwp, 'wa- 
 ! ter/ TTvcviia, 'wind, air,' and trapl, 'flesh.' An ab- 
 
HYDROPNEUMOTHORAX 476 
 
 HYDROSARCOCELE 
 
 Ecess, containing water, air, and matters similar 
 to flesh. — M. A. Severinus. 
 
 HYDROPNEUMOTHO'RAX, fli/rfroaeVopZeit- 
 rie, from 'vSu)p, 'water/ ttvcvixuiv, 'the lung,' and 
 Owpaf, 'the chest.' Pneumothorax with effusion 
 of blood into the chest. See Pneumothorax. 
 
 HYDROPOi'DES, from 'vSi^p, 'water/ and 
 TToieio, 'I make.' An epithet for watery excre- 
 tions, such as sometimes take place in hydropics. 
 HYDROP'OTA, Hydroiyotes, Pota'tor Aqua, 
 from 'tj(5n)p, 'water,' and noTrjg, 'a, drinker.' A 
 water dnnher. One who drinks only water, or 
 drinks it in an extraordinary quantity. 
 
 HYDROPS, from 'u^up, ' water,' Plilegma'tia, 
 Hij'deros, Affec'tiis liydero'des, Jlydrop'isis, Hy- 
 drojn's'ia, Hydropis'mus, Hydrop'sia, Hydror- 
 rhce'a, Hydror'rhoe, Hydror'rhom, Polyhy'dria, 
 Hydron'osus, Hydronu'sus, Dropsy, By'dropsy, 
 (Old Eng.) Dropyle, (F.) Hydrojiisie. A preter- 
 natural collection of a serous fluid in any cavity 
 of the body, or in the areolar texture. When the 
 areolar texture of the whole body is more or less 
 filled with fluid, the disease is called Anasar'ca 
 or LencoiMegma'tia ; — and when this variety is 
 local or partial, it is called OEde'ma. The chief 
 dropsies, designated from their seat, are : — Ana- 
 sarca, Hydroce2'>lialus, Hydrorachitis, Hydrotho- 
 rax, Hydropericardium, Ascites, Uydrometra, 
 Hydrocele, &,o. 
 
 Encyst'ed Drojjsy, ITydro2)8 sacca'tus, incarce- 
 ra'tus seu cys'ticits, is that variety in which the 
 ^uid is enclosed in a sac or cyst; so that it has 
 iO communication with the surrounding parts. 
 Dropsy of the Ovarium, Hydrops seu Asci'tes 
 Ova'rii, Asci'tes sacca'tus, is an instance of this 
 variety. 
 
 Dropsy may be active or passive. The former 
 consists in an increased action of the exhalants, 
 so that those vessels pour out much more fluid 
 than is absorbed : the latter arises from a state 
 of atony of the absorbent vessels, which allows 
 of an accumulation of fluid. It may also be me- 
 chanical, or produced by obstructions to the cir- 
 culation, as in cases of diseased liver. Active 
 dropsy, occurring accidentally in a sound indi- 
 vidual, generally ends favourably. That which 
 supervenes on other diseases, or is symptomatic 
 of some internal afi"ection, is rarely curable. 
 
 The treatment consists in the use of all those 
 remedies which act on the various secretions : so 
 that, the demand being increased, the supply will 
 have to be increased accordingly ; and in this 
 manner some of the collected fluid may be taken 
 up by the absorbents. To this end bleeding, if 
 the dropsy be very active ; purgatives, diuretics, 
 sudorifics, sialogogues, &o., are the remedies 
 chiefly depended upon. 
 
 Hydrops Abdominis, Ascites — h. Abdominis 
 aereus. Tympanites — h. Abdominis saccatus, see 
 Ascites — h. Anasarca, Anasarca — h. Anasarca 
 acutus, see Anasarca — h. AraehnoideiB, Hydro- 
 cephalus chronicus — h. Articulorum, Hydrar- 
 thrus — h. Ascites, Ascites — h. Capitis, Hydro- 
 cephalus, Hydrocephalus chronicus — h. Car- 
 diacus. Dropsy, cardiac — h. Cavitatis eolum- 
 n£B vertebralis, Hydrorachis — h. Cellularis ar- 
 tuum. Oedema — h. Cellularis totius corporis. Ana- 
 sarca — h. Cellulosus, Anasarca — h. Cerebri, 
 Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus internus — h. Cu- 
 taneus. Anasarca — h. Cysticus, see Ascites, and 
 Hydrops— h. Glottidis, CEdema of the Glottis — h. 
 Hepaticus, Dropsy, hepatic — h. Incarceratus, see 
 Hydrops— h. Intercus, Anasarca — h. Leucophleg- 
 matia, Leucophlegmatia — h. ad Matulam, Dia- 
 betes — h. Mediastini, Hydromediastinum — h. 
 MedullaB spinalis, Hydrorachis — h. Matellfe, Dia- 
 betes — h. Oculi, Hydrophthalmia — h. Ovarii, Hy- 
 droarion, see Hydrops— h. Palpebrse, Hydroble- 
 pharon — li. Pectoris, Hydrothorax — h. Pericardii, 
 
 Hydropericardium — h. Pleurae, Hydrothorax — h. 
 Pulmonis, Hydrothorax— h. Pulmonum, Hydro- 
 pneumonia, didema of the Lungs — h. Pulmonum 
 cellulosus, Hydropneumonia — h. Renalis, Dropsy, 
 renal — h. Saccatus, see Hydrops — h. Sacci lacry- 
 malis, Fistula lacrymalis — h. Scroti, Hydrocele — 
 h. Siccus et flatulentus, Tympanites — h. Spinse, 
 Hydrorachis — h. Spin» vertebralis, Hydrorachis 
 — h. Subcutaneous, Anasarca — h. Telaj cellulosas, 
 Anasarca — h. Testiculorum, Hydrocele — h. Tho- 
 racis, Hydrothorax — h. Tubarum Fallopii, Hy- 
 drosalpinx — h. Tympani, Hydromyringa — h. 
 Tympanites, Tympanites — h. Umbilicalis, Hy- 
 dromphalum — h. Uteri, Hydrometra — h. Vesicae 
 felleas, Turgescentia vesiculaa fellese. 
 HYDROPSIA, Hydrops. 
 HYDROPSY, Hydrops, 
 
 HYDROPYR'ETOS, from 'vSoip, 'water/ and 
 vvptTos, 'fever/ Fehris sudato'ria. Fever with 
 sweating. Hidropyretos would be more proper ; 
 from 't&p<i)s, 'sweat.' See Sudor Anglicus. 
 
 HYDRORA'CHIS, from 'vSuip, 'water,' and 
 pa)(ig, ' the spine.' Hydrorrha'chis, Hydroro- 
 chi'tis, Hydrorrha'chia, Myeloch'ysis, Hydrops 
 Cavita'tis Cohtmnce Vertebra'lis seu Spiiia verte- 
 bra'lis seu medul'la spina'lis seu spincB, Hydro- 
 ce'le spina'lis, Hydrorachi'tis spino'sa. An effu- 
 sion of serum, often owing to inflammation of the 
 spinal membranes — myeli'tis exsudati'va — and 
 forming a soft, frequently transparent, tumour, 
 constituted of the membranes of the spinal mar- 
 row, which are distended and projecting hack- 
 wards from the vertebral canal, the posterior 
 paries of which, when the affection is congenital, 
 is wanting to a certain extent — Spina bifida, 
 Atelorachid'ia, Hydrora'chis dehis'cens seu con- 
 gen'ita, Schistorrha'chis, Spi'nola. The disease 
 is often accompanied with paralysis of the lower 
 extremities. It is congenital, and situate in the 
 lumbar or sacral regions. It is almost always 
 fatal: — the tumour rupturing, and death occur- 
 ring instantaneously. On dissection, a simple 
 separation or complete absence of the spinous 
 processes of the vertebra is perceived, with, at 
 times, destruction or absence of spinal marrow. 
 The treatment is the same as in hydrocephalus 
 chronicus ; and, as in it, advantage seems occa- 
 sionally to have been derived by puncturing with 
 a fine needle. 
 
 Hydrorachis Dehiscens, see Hydrorachis. 
 HYDRORACHITIS, Hydrorachis. 
 HYDRORCHIS, Hydrocele. 
 HYDRORENALE DISTENSION, Hydro- 
 nephrosis. 
 
 HYDRORRHACHIA, Hydrorachis. 
 HYDRORRHACHIS, Hydrorachis — h. Con- 
 genita, see Hydrorachis — h. Dehiscens, see Hy- 
 drMachis. 
 MYDRORRHAGIE, Apoplexy, serous. 
 HYDRORRHOE, Hydrops. 
 HYDRORRHCEA, Hydrops. Also, a copious 
 watery discharge, — as from the vagina. 
 HYDRORRHOUS, Hydrops. 
 HYDRORTHOPNCE'A, from 'i/Jup, 'water/ 
 and opOoiTvoia, 'difiiculty of breathing, except in 
 the erect posture.' Orthopnoea, owing to a col- 
 lection of water in the chest. 
 
 HYDROSAC'CHARUM, Aqua sacchara'ta, 
 (F.) Eau sucree. Sugared water. 
 
 HYDROSAL'PINX, Hydrops tuba'rnm Fallo'- 
 pii ; from 'v&iap, 'water,' and txaX-niy^, 'a tube.' 
 Dropsy of the Fallopian tube. 
 
 HYDROSAR'CA, from 'viiop, 'water,' and o-ap|, 
 'flesh.' A tumour containing a fluid, as well as 
 portions of flesh. Also, Anasarca. 
 
 HYDROSARCOCE'LE, from 'v&u,p, 'water/ 
 aap^, 'flesh,' and K17A17, 'a tumour.' Sarcohydro- 
 ce'le. A tumour, formed by a sarcocele, compli- 
 cated with dropsy of the tunica vaginalis. 
 
HTDROSCHEOCELE 
 
 477 
 
 eygrometricitS 
 
 HYDROSCHEOCE'LE, Oscheoce'le aquo'sa, 
 from 'v^Lop, 'water,' oax^""} 'tli6 scrotum,' and 
 Kriy.v, 'rupture.' A collection of water in the 
 scrotum. Hydrocele. 
 
 HYDROSCHEONIE, Hydrocele. 
 
 HYDROSCHEUM, Hydrocele. 
 
 HYDROSIS, Hidrosis. 
 
 HYDROSTATIC TEST OF INFANTICIDE, 
 see Doeimasia — h. Bed, Water bed. 
 
 HYDROSUDOPATHY, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 
 HYDROSUDOTHERAPEI'A, Hydropytliy, 
 Hydropathi'a, Hydrosxidop'athy, Hydri'asis, Ara 
 Tiydriat'rica, Eydriatri'a, Hydatotherapei'a, 
 Hydrotherajoei' a, Water cure, (G.) Wasserkur, 
 from 'vDiiip, 'water,' sudo, 'I sweat,' and depaTrcvto, 
 'I remedy.' A badly compounded word, formed 
 to express the mode of treating diseases syste- 
 matically by cold water, sweating, &a. 
 
 HYDROSULPHURET'TED WATER, Aqua 
 Tiydrosulphura'ta simjjlex, A. Ttepat'icu, (F.) Ean 
 hydroaidphuree simple. (Salphuret of iron 1000 
 parts, sulphuric acid 2000 parts, distilled water 
 4000 parts ; add the water to the acid, and put 
 the sulphuret of iron into a retort, to which a 
 Wolff's apparatus of five or six vessels is adapted ; 
 the last containing about an ounce of potassa, 
 dissolved in a quart of water. Pour the diluted 
 acid gradually on the sulphuret, and, ultimately, 
 throw away the water in the last vessel. Ph. P.) 
 It is stimulant, diaphoretic, and deobstruent [?], 
 and is used in rheumatism, diseases of the skin, 
 <te. 
 
 It has been, also, called Ac"idum MydrotMon' - 
 icum Uq'uidnm, 
 
 HYDROSULPHURETUM AMMONIACALE 
 AQUOSUM, Ammonias sulphuretum — h. Ammo- 
 niacum, Ammonije sulphuretum. 
 
 HYDROTHERAPEIA, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 
 HYDROTHIOX, Hydrogen, sulphuretted. 
 
 HYDROTHO'RAX, from 'v6o,p, 'water,' and 
 6upa^, 'the chest.' Hydrop)S Thora'cia seu joec'- 
 toria seu pulmo'nia seu pileurce, Stethoch'ysis, 
 Plenrorrhce'a lymphat'ica seu sero'sa, Dyspjioe'a 
 et Otthopnce'a hydrothorac"ica, (F.) Hydropiaie 
 de Poitriiie ou des Plevres, Dropsy of the Chest. 
 Idiopathic hydrothorax, termed, by Laennec, Hy- 
 dropiaie des p)levres, Drop)sy of the Pleura, — by 
 Piorry, Hydropleurie, — is a rare disease, and 
 difficult of diagnosis. It generally exists only 
 on one side, which, if the iluid effused be con- 
 siderable, projects more than the other. Dysp- 
 noea, and fluctuation perceptible to the ear, are 
 characteristic symptoms. When the chest is 
 examined with the stethoscope, respiration is 
 found to be wanting every where, except at the 
 root of the lung. The sound is also dull on per- 
 cussion. 
 
 Effusion into the chest, as a result of inflam- 
 mation of some thoracic viscus, is as common as 
 the other is rare. It is usually a fatal symptom. 
 It has been called symptomatic hydrothorax. 
 
 In hydrothorax, the course of treatment proper 
 in dropsies in general must be adopted. Diure- 
 tics seem, here, to be especially useful ; probably 
 on account of the great activity of pulmonary ab- 
 sorption. Paracentesis can rarely be serviceable. 
 
 Hydrothorax Chylosus, Chylothorax — h. 
 Purulentus, Empyema. 
 
 HYDROTICA, Hydragogues. 
 
 HYDPuO'TIS, from 'vSup, 'water,' and ouj, gen. 
 <i>To;, 'the ear.' Dropsy of the ear. Properly, 
 an accumulation of mucous or muco-purulent 
 matter in the middle ear. 
 
 HYDRURESIS, Diabetes. 
 
 HYDRURIA, Diabetes, see Urine. 
 
 HYERES. This small town, agreeably situ- 
 ate on the declivity of a hill, about two miles from 
 the Mediterranean, and twelve from Toulon, is 
 
 the least exceptionable residence in Proven 50 for 
 the pulmonary invalid. It is in some measure 
 protected from the northerly winds ; but not suffi- 
 ciently so from the mistral to render it a very 
 desirable residence for the phthisical. — Sir James 
 Clark. 
 
 HYGEA, Hygiene, Sanitas. 
 
 HYGEIA, Sanitas. 
 
 HYGEISMUS, Hygiene. 
 
 HYGEOLOGY, Hygiene. 
 
 HYGIANSIS, Sanitas. 
 
 HYGIASIS, Sanitas. 
 
 HYGIASMA, Medicament. 
 
 HYGIAS'TICA DOCTRI'NA. The doctrine 
 of health. The doctrine of the restoration of 
 health. 
 
 HYGIASTICUS, Salutary. 
 
 HYGIEA, Sanitas. 
 
 HYGIEIA, Hygiene, Sanitas. 
 
 HYGIEINUS, Salutary. 
 
 HYGIEJOLOGIA, Hygiene. 
 
 HYGIENE (F.), (generally Anglicised, Sy. 
 giene, and pronounced hyc/eene), from 'vyiua, 
 'health.' Hygeis'mus, Hyqiei'ne, Hygie'sis, Hy- 
 giei'a ; Hygie'a, Hygei'a, Hygiene, Hygien'ics, 3Je~ 
 dicina conservati'va seu diasos' tica, Hygeolog"ia, 
 Hygieiolog"ia,HygeoV ogy.HygioV ogy ; from 'vyins, 
 'healthy.' The part of medicine whose object is 
 the preservation of health. It embraces a know- 
 ledge of healthy man, both in society and indi- 
 vidually, as well as of the objects used and em- 
 ployed by him, with their influence on his consti- 
 tution and organs. See Regimen, 
 
 HYGIEN'IC, (F.) Hygienique. Same etymon. 
 Relating to Hygiene — as 'hygienic precautions, 
 hygienic rules,' &c. &c. 
 
 HYGIENICS, Hygiene. 
 
 HYGIENIQUE, Hygienic. 
 
 HYGIEN'IST. One who understands the 
 principles of hygiene. 
 
 HYGIERUS, Salutary. 
 
 HYGIESIS, Hygiene. 
 
 HYGIOLOGY, Hygiene. 
 
 HYGRA, from 'v&wp, 'water,' or 'vypo;, 'hu- 
 mid.' Liquid plasters ; — Hygremplas'tra. 
 
 HYGRASIA, Humour. 
 
 HYGRECHE'MA, from 'vypos, 'humid,' and 
 cxnp<i! 'sound;' Son'itus flu'idi. The sound of 
 fluid, heard by auscultation, or otherwise. 
 
 HYGREDON, Humour. 
 
 HYGREMPLASTRA, Hygra. 
 
 HYGROBLEPHAR'ICI, from 'vypo^;, 'humid,' 
 and ffXetpapov, 'eyelid;' Hygrophthal'mici. The 
 excretory ducts of the lachrymal gland have been 
 so called. 
 
 HYGROBRONCHIORRHONCHUS, Edlemu- 
 queux. 
 
 HYGROCATARAC'TA; from 'vypog, 'humid,' 
 and KarapaKTrig, 'cataract;' Catarac'ta liq'uida. 
 Liquid or fluid cataract. 
 
 HYGROCELE, Hydrocirsocele. 
 
 HYGROCOLLYRIA, see Collyrium. 
 
 HYGROCYSTIS, Hydatid. 
 
 HYGROL'OGY, Hygrolog"ia, from 'vypoq, 'hu- 
 mid,' and \oyo;, 'a discourse.' The anatomy of 
 the fluids of the body. 
 
 HYGRO'MA, from 'vypog, 'humid.' Timor 
 cya'ticus sero'sus, Cys'tis sero'sa. Dropsy of the 
 bursas mucosae. 
 
 HYGROMET'RIC, Hygromet'ricus, (F.) Hy- 
 grometrique. Same etymon as the next. Rela- 
 ting or appertaining to hygrometry. 
 
 HYGROifETRic Property of an organized tissue, 
 (F.) Hygronietricite, is that by which it gives off 
 to the air, and receives from it moisture under 
 varying conditions of that medium. 
 
 HYGROMETRICITE, Hygrometric prop- 
 erty. 
 
HYGROMETRY 
 
 478 
 
 HYOlDES OS 
 
 HYGROM'ETRY, Hygromet'ria, Hygroscop'- 
 ia; from 'vypos, 'humid,' and utrpov, 'measure.' 
 The part of physics which concerns the measure- 
 ment of the dryness or humidity of the atmo- 
 sphere. It is probable, that diseases are as fre- 
 quently caused by the varying moisture of the 
 atmosphere or by changes in its weight or tem- 
 perature. The hygrometer ought, consequently, 
 to form part of every apparatus for medical me- 
 teorological observations. 
 
 HYGRON, Liquor. 
 
 HYGROPHOBIA. Hydrophobia. 
 
 HYGROPHTHAL'MIA, from 'pypo?, 'humid,' 
 and o(pda\iiia, 'inflammation of the eye.' Oph- 
 thalmia with much lachrymation. 
 
 HYGROPHTHALMICI, Hygroblepharici. 
 
 HYGROPISSOS, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 HYGROSCOPIA, Hygrometry. 
 
 HYGROTES, Humour, Liquor. 
 
 HYGRUM, Humour. 
 
 HY'LE, 'uXi?, Mate'ria, 'Matter. Wood.' Ma- 
 teria Medica ; also, the Philosopher's stone. 
 
 Hyle Iatrice, Materia Medica. 
 
 HYLISIS, Colatio. 
 
 HYLISMDS, Colatio. 
 
 HYLISTER, Colatorium. 
 
 HYLOPH'AGOUS, from 'v\n, 'wood,' and 
 cpayo), ' I eat.' One that feeds upon the young 
 shoots of trees, roots, &c. Hylophagous tribes 
 yet exist in some parts of Africa. 
 
 HYMEN, 'vfiriv, which signifies 'marriage,' 
 * nuptial song,' ' membrane or pellicle.' Clatts- 
 trum seu Flos seu Sigil'lwm seu Custo'dia seu Co- 
 lum'na seu Zona virginita'tis, Flos virgina'lis, 
 Virgin'ia, Cir'culus membrano'sus, Bucton, Inter- 
 sep'tum virgina'le, Cento virgina'lis, Argumen' turn 
 Tntegrita'tis, Munimen'tum seu Zona Castita'tis, 
 Pannic'xdus hymencs'us seu virgina'lis, Eugion, 
 Val'vula seu Membran'ula luna'ta vagincB, Vir'- 
 ginal membrane. The semilunar, parabolic, or 
 circular fold, situate at the outer orifice of the 
 vagina in virgins, especially during youth, and 
 prior to menstruation. This membrane is ordi- 
 narily ruptured by the fii-st venereal act, and is 
 effaced by accouchement; some irregular flaps 
 remaining, to which the name Carun'culcB Myr- 
 tifor'mes has been given by reason of their re- 
 semblance to the leaves of the myrtle. Many 
 circumstances of an innocent character may oc- 
 casion a rupture or destruction of this membrane. 
 It is often, indeed, found absent in children soon 
 after birth ; whilst it may remain entire after co- 
 pulation. Hence the presence of the hymen does 
 not absolutely prove virginity ; nor does its ab- 
 sence prove incontinence ; although its presence 
 would be prima facie evidence of continence. 
 
 Hymen, Membrane — h. Diaphratton, Mediasti- 
 num. 
 
 HYMEN^A, see Copal — h. Courbaril, see 
 Anime. 
 
 HYMEN'ICA AMENORRHCE'A. Amenor- 
 rhoea occasioned by closure of the hymen. 
 
 IIYMEN'ICUS, Hymeno'des, from 'vnvv, 'hy- 
 men,' &e. Relating to the hymen. Also, mem- 
 branous. 
 
 HYMENI'TIS, from 'vfiriv, 'a membrane,' and 
 ifis, denoting inflammation. Membranous in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of an internal mem- 
 brane. 
 
 HYME'NIUM, Membran'ida, diminutive of 
 'vfivv, ' a membrane.' A fine, delicate membrane. 
 HYMENODES, Hymenicus. 
 HYMENOGANGLIITIS, Cholera. 
 HYMENOG"ENY, Hymenogen'ia, (F.) Hymi- 
 noginie, from 'vjirjv, 'a membrane,' and yevvauy, 'I 
 engender.' The production of membranes by the 
 effect of simple contact of two liquids, as albu- 
 men and fat, when the former gives a coating to 
 the globules of the latter. — Ascherson. 
 
 HYMENOG'RAPHY, Hymenogra'piJiia, from 
 'vjit]v, ' a membrane,' and ypaipw, ' I describe.' 
 That part of anatomy whose object is the descrip- 
 tion of the different membranes. 
 
 HYMENOL'OGY, Hymenolog" ia , from 'vfiriv, 
 ' a membrane,' and ^.oyo^, ' a description.' J 
 treatise on the membranes. 
 
 HYMENOPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia mem- 
 bran arum. 
 
 H Y M E N R ' RH APHY, HymenorrJia'j,hia , 
 from 'v^riv, 'the hymen,' and patpri, 'a suture.' A 
 form of elytrorrhaphy, in which the operation is 
 performed in the natural situation of the hymen. 
 
 HYMENOT'OMY, liymenofom'ia, from 'vftriv, 
 'a membrane,' and rcjuvw, 'I cut,' 'I dissect.' 
 The part of anatomy which treats of the dissec- 
 tion of the membranes. The term has also been 
 applied to the incision of the hymen, practised in 
 certain cases of imperforation of the vagina, in 
 order to give exit to the blood retained and ac- 
 cumulated in the cavity of the uterus. 
 
 HYMNIUM, Amnios. 
 
 HYO : in composition, an abridgment of Hy- 
 oides OS. 
 
 HYOBASIOGLOSSUS, Basioglossus. 
 
 HYGCHONDROGLOSSUS, Hyoglossus. 
 
 HYODEOGLOSSUS, Hyoglossus. 
 
 HYODEOTHYREODES, Thyreohyoideus. 
 
 HYODES, Hyoides. 
 
 HYODEPIGLOTTICUS, Hyo-epiglotticus. 
 
 H Y O-EPIGLOT'T I C U S, Ilyodepiglot'ticns. 
 Belonging to the os hyoides and epiglottis. Some 
 anatomists have given the name Hyo-epjiglottiG 
 ligament to a bundle of condensed areolar tissue, 
 which passes from the posterior part of the body 
 of the hyoid bone to the base of the epiglottic 
 fibro-cartilage. 
 
 HYO-GLOSSO-BASI-PHAR YNGIEN, 
 Constrictor pharyngis. 
 
 HYOGLOS'SUS, Hyo'deo-glossus,Hyo-chondro- 
 glossits, Hypsiloglossiis, Cer'ato-glossns of Douglass 
 and Cowper : Basio-Cerato-Chondro-glossus. A 
 large, thin, quadrilateral muscle, situate at the 
 anterior and superior part of the neck. Its in- 
 sertions at three different points of theos hyoides 
 permit it to be divided into three portions : — the 
 first, {Cerato-glossus of Albinus) is attached to 
 the great cornu of the os hyoides : the second, 
 (Basio-glossus of Albinus,) arises from the supe- 
 rior part of the body of the same bone; and the 
 third, (Chondro-glossus of Albinus,) arises from 
 the lesser cornu and the cartilage, situate between 
 the body and the greater cornu. The fibres of 
 these three bundles are inserted into the lateral 
 and inferior parts of the tongue. This muscle 
 depresses the base of the tongue, or raises the os 
 hyoides, when the tongue is fixed. 
 
 HYO-THYREOiDEUS, Thyreo-hyoideus. 
 
 HYO-THYROID, Thyreo-hyoid. 
 
 HYOID BONE, Hyoides, os. 
 
 HYOI'DES OS, Os Bicor'ne seu JiypseJo'i'des 
 seu Lambdoi'des seu Gut'txiris seu Outlnra'le seu 
 Lingvm seu Lingua'le, UpsiloVdes, YpsHo'ides. 
 The Hyoid Bone; from the Greek v, and ehJoj, 
 'shape.' Hyo'i'deus, Hyo'des. The hyoid bone 
 is a very movable, osseous arch; of a parabolic 
 shape; convex before, and suspended horizontally 
 in the substance of the soft parts of the neck, 
 between the base of the tongue and the larynx. 
 This bone, separated entirely from the rest of the 
 skeleton, is composed of five distinct portions, 
 susceptible of motion on each other. The first, and 
 most central, is the body of the hyoid, Os-iic'u/nm 
 me'dium HyoVdis, which affords attachment to 
 several muscles; the two others are lateral, and 
 bear the name of branches or greater cornua. 
 The la?t two are smaller, situate above the other, 
 and are known under the name lesser cormia and 
 styloid cornua, the Ossa pisifor'mia lingna'lia 
 
HYOlDEUS 
 
 479 
 
 HYPEECENOSIS 
 
 of Sb'mmering, Ossa seu Grana seu Ossie'xda 
 ECU Cor'pora seu Corpus'cnla tritic"ea. The os 
 hyoides is ossified from five points. 
 
 HyoYdes Primus, Sterneo-hyoideus. 
 
 HYOIDEUS, Hyoides. 
 
 HYOIDIS QUARTUS MUSCULUS, Omo- 
 hyoideus. 
 
 HYOSCY'AMUS, from 'ut, 'a swine,' and 
 Kvaiios, ' a bean.' Faha suil'la, Bengi, Jnsqui'a- 
 mus, Hyoscyctmiis ni<jer seu agres'tis, ApoUina'- 
 ris, Alter' own, Ag'one, Altercan'genon, Henbane, 
 Poison Tohac'co, StinJcing nightshade, (F.) Jus- 
 quiaume, Feve a Cochon, Hnnuehane, Potelee, Por- 
 celef. Old. Solanaceae. The leaves, Hyoscy'ami 
 Fo'lia (Ph. U. S.), and seeds, Hyoscy'ami Semen 
 (Ph. U. S.), are the parts used in medicine. 
 Their odour is narcotic and peculiar; taste in- 
 sipid and mucilaginous. The virtues are yielded 
 to proof spirit. Hyoscyamus is narcotic, ano- 
 dyne, antispasmodic, and slightly stimulant. It 
 is used as a substitute for opium, where the latter 
 disagrees; and is applied, externally, as a cata- 
 plasm in cancer and glandular swellings. Dose, 
 gr. iij to X of the powder. An alkaloid was ob- 
 tained from it by Brandes, Hyoscyamine, Jiis- 
 qaiamine. 
 
 Hyorcyamus Agrestis, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 Hyoscyamus Albus, White Henbane, possesses 
 similar virtues. 
 
 Hyoscyamus Luteus, Nicotiana rustica — h. 
 Niger, Hyoscyamus — h. Peruvianus, Nicotiana 
 tabacum. 
 
 Hyoscyamus Scovo'i,TA,ScopoIi'na atropoV des. 
 The herb and root of this plant, which grows in 
 Illyria, Hungarj', Croatia, Gallizia, and Bavaria, 
 are used in the same cases as belladonna. Dose 
 of the powder, half a grain. 
 
 HYPACTICUS, Cathartic. 
 
 HYP^'MIA, from 'v-ro, 'beneath,' and 'aijia, 
 'blood;' Hypom'rnia, Hypohce'mia, Oliga'mia, 
 Oiigohm'mia, Ance'inia. Deficiency of blood. — 
 Andral. Also, extravasation of blood. 
 
 Hyp^.mia Oculi, Heemophthalmia. 
 
 HYPAGOGE, Dejection. 
 
 HYPAGOGUS, Laxative. 
 
 HYPALEIM'MA, Hypalim'ma, Hypale'ip'tum, 
 Hypalip'tum, from 'vira\H<p(i), ' I anoint.' An 
 ointment or liniment to be rubbed or spread on 
 a part. 
 
 HYPALEIPTRTS, Hypaleiptrum. 
 
 HYPALEIP'TRON, Hypaleip'trnw, Hypaleip- 
 tris, Hypalip'trum, Specil'linn, Spiatha. A sort 
 of spatula for spreading ointments. — Hippocrates. 
 
 HYPALEIPTRUM, Hypaleiptron. 
 
 HYPALEIPTUM, Hypaleimma. 
 
 HYPALIMMA, Hypaleimma. 
 
 HYPALIPTRUM, Hypaleiptron. 
 
 HYPAMAURO'SIS, from 'um. 'under,' and 
 amaurosis ; Amauro'sis impierfec' ta. Iniperfect 
 amaurosis ; Iferamauro'sis. 
 
 HYPANCO'NIUM, from 'wo, 'beneath,' and 
 cy/cojt', ' the elbow.' A pillow for supporting the 
 elbow in surgical cases. 
 
 HYPAPOPLEX'IA, from 'ttjro, 'under,' and 
 apopJexia. An incomplete attack of apoplexy. 
 
 HYPATMISMUS, Fumigation. 
 
 HYPATMUS, Fumigation. 
 
 HYPAUCHE'NIUM, from 'viro, 'under,' and 
 av^iv, ' the neck.' A pillow or cushion for the 
 neck. 
 
 HYPECCHORESIS, Dejection. 
 
 HYPECCHORETICUS, Laxative. 
 
 HYPELATUS, Cathartic, Laxative. 
 
 HYPENANTIOMA, Allopathy. 
 
 HYPENANTIOSIS, Allopathy. 
 
 HYPE'NE, 'uTtrivir. The beard which grows 
 under the chin, according to some. Also, the 
 upper lip. — Vesalius. See Mystax. 
 
 HYPENETES, Adolescens. 
 
 HYPER, 'v-mp, 'above,' 'in excess.' Hence: 
 
 HYPERACU'SIS, Omjecoi'a, Hyper ac'oe, 
 Phthongodyspho' via, 'vc^m. hyper, and axo);, 'au- 
 dition.' Excessive sensibility of the organ of 
 hearing. 
 
 HYPERADENO'SIS, Hyper adeno' ma, Hyper- 
 troph'ia glandula'rum, from hyper, and airjv, 'a 
 gland.' Hj'pertrophy of a gland. 
 
 HYPERjE'MIA, Hyperhm'mia, Hmmorme' sis, 
 (F.) Hyperemie, Angiohemie,{rom hyper, and 'aif^a, 
 ' blood.' Preternatural accumulation of blood in 
 the capillary vessels, more especially local ple- 
 thora — pletho'ra partia'lis ; congestion. — Andral. 
 Various forms of hyperasmia are admitted by pa- 
 thologists, — for example, the active or sthenic; 
 as in the phlegmasite, — the asthenic or passive, 
 from weakness of vessels; the cadaveric, or that 
 which forms immediately before or after death ; 
 and the hypiostatic, which occurs in depending 
 parts. 
 
 Hyperemia AsDOAriNis, Coelifemia — h. Aetiva, 
 Inflammation — h. Capitis, Cephalcemia — h. of the 
 Brain, Stethaemia — h. Cerebri, Cephalaemia — h. 
 Pectoris, Stethsemia — h. Pulmonum, Stethsemia 
 — h. of the Lungs, Stethsemia — h. Hepatic, He- 
 patohaemia. 
 
 HYPER^'MIC, Hypera' miens, Hyperce'mial, 
 Conqes'ted, Bloodshot. Affected with hyperajmia. 
 
 HYPERESTHESIA, Hyperajsthesis— h. Lin- 
 gu£e, Hypergeustia — h. Olfactoria, Hyperosphre- 
 sia — h. Plexus cardiac), Angina pectoris. 
 
 HYPERESTHE'SIS, Hypercesthce'sia, Oxy. 
 (zsthe'sia, (F.) Hypieresthesie, from hyper, and 
 ai(r5);(ris-, 'the faculty of feeling.' Excessive sen- 
 sibility, impressibility, or passibility. 
 
 HYPERESTHET'ICA, same etymon. Agents 
 that are conceived to augment general sensibility 
 — as strychnia, brucia, &c. Pereira. 
 
 HYPERANARRHOPHE'SIS, from hyper, and 
 avappo(p>]atg, ' absorption.' Excessive absorption. 
 
 HYPERANTHERA MORINGA, Guilandina 
 moringa. 
 
 HYPERANTHRAXIS, see Cholera. 
 
 HYPERAPH'IA, Oxya2)h'e, Oxynph'ia, from 
 hyper, and 'aipri, ' touch.' Excessive acuteness 
 of touch. 
 
 HYPERAPHRODIS'IA.from hyper, and A^oa • 
 liTTi, 'Venus.' Excessive venereal desire. 
 
 HYPER ASTHENI'A, from%;e>-, and aaQtytia- 
 'weakness.' Excessive debility. 
 
 HYPERAUXE'SIS, from h'yper, and avi,r,'n%r 
 ' augmentation.' Hyperepid'osis. Excessive in 
 crease or enlargement of a part, as Hyperanxe' sir 
 I'ridis, an excessive enlargement of the iris, so 
 as to stop up the pupil. 
 
 HYPERBOL'IC [attitude), from hyper, and 
 /SaAAo), 'I throw.' 'Excessive.' Galen, by this 
 term, designates certain extraordinary attitudes, 
 in which the limbs and vertebral column are in n. 
 state of complete extension or flexion. 
 
 HYPERBO'REAN, from hyi^er, and Pcpea?, 
 'the north wind.' A race of men found at the 
 extreme north of the two continents, in the vicin- 
 ity of the polar circle. It includes the Thibetans, 
 Ostiaks, Kamtschadales, Laplanders, Samoiedes, 
 Esquimaux, <fec. 
 
 HYPERBU'LIA, from hyper, and Pov>^r,, 'will.' 
 Ungovernable will or volition. 
 
 HYPERCARDIA, Heart, hypertrophy of the. 
 
 HYPERCARDIOTROPHIA, Heart, hypertro- 
 phy of the. 
 
 HYPERCATAPINO'SIS, from hyper, and Kara- 
 ■Kivuv, ' to sip up.' Excessive activity of absorp- 
 tion. 
 
 HYPERCATHAR'SIS, Hyperine'ein, Hyperi 
 nos, Superpurga'tio, Effrenita'tio, from hyper, 
 and Ka^apaii, 'purgation.' Superpurgation. 
 
 HYPERCENO'SIS, from hy^^er, and Ktvucn, 
 
HYPERCERASIS 
 
 480 
 
 HYPERNEURIA 
 
 'evacuation.' Excessive evacuation, as of blood, 
 bile, &c. 
 
 HYPERCEKASIS. Staphyloma of the cornea. 
 
 HYPERCEP.ATOSIS, Staphyloma of the cor- 
 nea. 
 
 HYPERCHOLIA, Polycholia. 
 
 HYPERCHP.O'MA, from hi/jjer, and XP'^f"^' 
 'colour.' A red fleshy excrescence at the inner 
 angle of the eye, near the caruncula lacrymalis, 
 ■which sometimes grows very large, so as to sepa- 
 rate the eyelids and interfere with their move- 
 ments. 
 
 HYPERCHROMATOPS'IA, Hyperchroma- 
 top'sy, from liyper, ■)^p<i)fia, ^f/iafjiarog, 'colour,' and 
 «i//£f, ' vision.' A defect of vision, owing to which 
 ideas of colour are attached to objects, which 
 convey no such coloured impressions to a healthy 
 eye. It is the antithesis to achromatopsia, 
 
 HYPERCINE'SIA, HyiKrcine'sis, from h'yper, 
 and KivrjQii [Kivm, '1 move,') 'motion. Excessive 
 motion.' Under the term Jii/percinesis, Romberg 
 includes the spasmodic neuroses. 
 
 HypERciNESiA Nervosa, see Irritable — h. 
 Uterina, Hysteria.. 
 
 HYPERCINESIS GASTRICA, Hypochondri- 
 asis. 
 
 HYPERCONJONCTTVTTE, see Ophthalmia. 
 
 HYPERCORYPHO'SIS, from hyper, and 
 Kopvipn, 'the vertex;' the extreme point of any- 
 thing. The lobes of the liver and lungs. — Hip- 
 pocrates. 
 
 HYPERCRIN'IA, Hijperdiac'rish, Chymoze'- 
 mia, from hyjjer, and Kpivw, 'I separate.' A 
 morbid increase in the quantity of the secre- 
 tions. 
 
 HYPER'CRISIS, same etymon. Superexcre'- 
 tio, Superevacua'tio. An excessive crisis, or eva- 
 cuation ; a flux. — A very violent, critical effort, 
 or too copious critical evacuations.' — Galen. 
 
 HYPERCYEMA, Superfoetation. 
 
 HYPERCYESIS, Superfoetation. 
 
 HYPERDERMATO'SIS, Hyperdermato'ma, 
 Hyperdermo'sis, Hyperdcrmo' ma, from hyper, a,ud 
 Sspfia, 'skin.' Hypertrophy of the skin. 
 
 HYPERDIACRISIS, Hypercrinia. 
 
 HYPERDIURESIS, Diabetes. 
 
 HYPERDYNAMIA, Hvpersthenia. 
 
 HYPERDYNAM'IC, Hyperdynam'icns, from 
 hyper, and Swain;, ' strength.' Appertaining to 
 or having the characters of hyperdynamia, or 
 excessive strength — of the vital powers more es- 
 pecially. 
 
 HYPERECHEMA, see Exaggerated. 
 
 HYPERECHESIS, see Exaggerated. 
 
 HYPEREM'ESIS, Hyperemes'ia, Vom'itus 
 profu'sus; from hyper, and s/zeoi, 'I vomit.' Ex- 
 cessive vomiting. 
 
 HYPEREMIE, Hyperaemia — h. du Cerveau, 
 Cephalohsemia — h. Gerebrale, Cephalohsemia — 
 h. du Foie, Hepatohsemia — h. de la Moelle epi- 
 niere, Hypermyelohajmia — h. dea Poumons, Ste- 
 thcemia. ^ 
 
 HYPERENCEPHALOTROPHIE ; from 
 hyper, tyKi<pa\ov, 'the encephalon,' and rpoipri, 
 ' nourishment.' Hypertrophy of the encephalon. 
 — Piorry. 
 
 HYPERENCEPH'ALUS,(F.)i7yijerewe^^^aZe, 
 from hyper, and KtipaXij, 'the head.' A monster 
 whose excessive brain is situate in the skull, 
 
 HYPERENDOSMOSE, Inflammation. 
 
 HYPERENERGI'A, from hyper, and svtpyua, 
 ' activity.' Excessive activity, as of the nervous 
 system. 
 
 HYPEREPHIDROSIS, Ephidrosis. 
 
 HYPEREPIDOSIS, Hyperauxesis. 
 
 HYPERERETHIS'IA.from hyper, and tftQi^w, 
 ' I excite.' Excessive irritability. 
 
 HYPERES'IA, 'vncptaia, 'a ministry.' This 
 
 word is sometimes applied to the organs : — when 
 it means function. 
 
 HYPERESTHESIE, Hypertesthesis. 
 
 HYPERETRIA, Midwife. 
 
 HYPERFIBRINATION, Hyperinosis. 
 
 HYPERGEN'ESIS, from hyper, and yzvsaiu 
 ' generation,' {¥.) Hypergenesie. The excess of 
 formative power, which gives occasion to mon- 
 strosities by excess of parts. See Monster. 
 
 HYPERGEUS'TIA, Bypergeu'sis, Ilypercss- 
 the'sia lingua, Oxygeu'sia, from hyi^er, and ytvu- 
 Tis, ' taste.' Excessive sensibility of the organ 
 of taste. 
 
 HYPERH^MATOSIS, Inflammation. 
 
 HYPERHjEMIA, Hypereemia. 
 
 HYPERHEPATOTROPHIE, Hepatauxe. 
 
 HYPERHIDROSIS, Ephidrosis. 
 
 HYPERHO'RA, from hyp)er, and 'upa, 'time.' 
 Premature development of the body, or of some 
 part. 
 
 HYPERI'CUM BACCIF'ERUM, Arhus'cula 
 gummif'era Brazilien'sis, Caa-opia. Ord. Hy- 
 pericaoeae. A Brazilian tree, whose bark emits 
 a juice, when wounded, which resembles gamboge. 
 Hypericum is considered by Linnaeus to be de- 
 rived from ' vntp, 'over,' and uku)v, 'an image or 
 spectre;' from its having been fancied to possess 
 the power of driving away evil spirits. 
 
 Hypericum Officinale, H. perforatum — h. 
 Oflacinarum, H. perforatum. 
 
 Hypericum Pep.fora'tum, Hypericum, H. offi- 
 cina'le seu officina'rum seu vulga're seu Virgin'i- 
 cum, Fuga Bw'monum, AndroncB'mnm, Co'rion, 
 Per' f orated or Common St. John's Wort, (E.) 31il- 
 lepertuis ordinaire. It is aromatic and astrin- 
 gent, and enters into a number of aromatic pre- 
 parations; and, amongst others, into the Fall- 
 trancks. It was, at one time, much used in dys- 
 entery, hemorrhages, &c. The juice is acrid. 
 The Oil of St. John's Wort, Ped oil, Linimen'tum 
 seu O'leum hyperi'ci, Bal'samum hyperici sim'plex, 
 is made by infusing §iv. of the flowers in a quart 
 of olive oil. It is applied to recent bruises. 
 
 Hypericum Saro'thra, Orange grass, Pine- 
 weed, indigenous, is applied in domestic prac- 
 tice, boiled, to contusions and sprains. 
 
 Hypericum Virginicum, H. perforatum — h. 
 Vulgare, H. perforatum. 
 
 HYPERIDROSIS, Ephidrosis. 
 
 HYPERINESIS, Hypercatharsis. 
 
 HYPERINOS, Hypercatharsis. 
 
 HYPERINO'SIS, Ino'sis, Hyperplas'ma, from 
 hypier, and ij, ivos, 'fibre.' The condition of the 
 blood in which it contains an increase in the pro- 
 portion of fibrin, Hypier-fibrina' tion, Super-fihri- 
 nafion, a decrease of the corpuscles in proportion 
 to the excess of fibrin, and an increase of the 
 fat, — as in inflammation. In proportion to the 
 increase of the fibrin and fat, and the decrease 
 of the corpuscles, the whole solid residue will be 
 diminished. Also, morbidly-increased muscular 
 activity. — Siebenhaar. 
 
 HYPERLYMPH'IA, (F.) Hyperlym2)liie ,• from 
 hyper and lympha. Excessive formation or ac- 
 cumulation of lymph. 
 
 HYPERMETR0HE3IIE, Metrohfemia. 
 
 HYPERMNE'SIA, from hyper, and ixvaofxai, 
 ' I recollect.' Excessive memory. 
 
 HYPERMYELOH^'MIA, (F.) Hyperemie 
 de la Ifoelle Epiniere, Congestion sanguine rachi- 
 dienne, from hyper, p'tXas, ' marrow,' and 'at/ia, 
 ' blood.' Hypersemia of the spinal marrow. 
 
 HYPERNEPHROTROPHIE, from hyper, 
 vt(ppos, 'kidney,' and Tpo^S)?, 'nourishment.' Hy- 
 pertrophy of the kidney. 
 
 HYPERNEU'RIA, from h.yper, and vivpov, 'a 
 nerve.' Excessive nervous activity. 
 
HYPERNEUROMA 
 
 481 
 
 HYPNONERGIA 
 
 HYPERNEURO'MA, same etymon. Morbid 
 development of the neurine or nervous masses. 
 
 H Y P E R - PHARYNGEUS, Palato-pharyn- 
 geus. 
 
 HYPERO'A, from hyper, and wov, 'a high 
 place.' The palatine arch, — the base of the cra- 
 nium ; the palate. 
 
 HYPEROi'TIS, Inflamma'iio pala'ti, Angi'na 
 Palati'na, (F.) Inflammation du Palais ; from hy- 
 peroa, 'the palate,' and itis, a suffix denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the velum palati. 
 
 HYPEROOCHAS'MA, from 'unrpua, 'the pa- 
 late,' and x'^aixa, 'an opening;' Lycost'oma, Pa- 
 la' turn fissum. Fissure of the palate. 
 
 HYPEROPSIA, Oxyopia. 
 
 HYPEROS, Pilum. 
 
 HYPEROSMIA, Hyperosphresia. 
 
 HYPEROSPHRE'SIA, Hyperos'mia, JJyper- 
 cesthe'siaol facto' via, Ol/ac'tus acu'tus, from hyper, 
 and oaipprjai;, 'smell.' Excessive acuteness of 
 smell. 
 
 HYPEROSTOSIS, Exostosis. 
 
 HYPERPATHI'A, from hyper, and 7^605, 'suf- 
 fering.' Excessive sensibility in disease. 
 
 HYPERPHLEBO'SIS, from hyper, and (p\e^, 
 'a vein.' Too great development of the venous 
 system; predominant venosity. 
 
 HYPERPHLEGMASIA, Hyperphlogosis. 
 
 IIYPERPHLOGO'SIS, Epiphlogo'sia, Hyper- 
 phlegma'sia, Inflnmma'tio peracu'ta ; from hyper, 
 and ^Xoya)(Tif, 'inflammation.' A high degree 
 of inflammation. 
 
 HYPERPHRENIE, Mania. 
 
 HYPERPIMELE, see Polysarcia. 
 
 HYPERPLASMA, Ilyperinosis. 
 
 HYPERPLEXIE, Ecstasis. 
 
 HYPERPXRUSTIA, Flatulence. 
 
 IIYPERPRESBYTIA, Presbytia. 
 
 IIYPERSARCHIDIOS, Physconia. 
 
 HYPERSARCO'MA, Hypersarco'sis, Hyper- 
 sarx'is, from hyper, and aap^, ' flesh.' A soft fun- 
 gous excrescence, especially such as appears 
 upon ulcerated parts.— A fungosity. 
 
 HYPERSARCOSLS, Excrescence, Fungosity, 
 — h. Cordis, Heart, hypertrophy of the. 
 
 HYPERSARXIS, Hypersarcoma. 
 
 HYPERSPADIAS, Epispadias. 
 
 HYPERSPASMIA, Convulsion. 
 
 HYPERSPLENOTROPHIE, Splenoncus. 
 
 HYPERSPONGIA, Spina ventosa. 
 
 HYPERSTHENI'A, Hyperdyna'mia, Hyper- 
 zoodyna' niia, Status iv^flammato'rius veriis ; from 
 hyper, and (rOevog, 'strength.' Super-excitement. 
 A morbid condition, characterized by over-excite- 
 ment of nil the vital phenomena. 
 
 HYPERSTHENIC, Stimulant. 
 
 HYPERSTMENICUS, Active, Stimulant. 
 
 HYPERTON'IA, hyper, and rovo;. 'tone.' 
 Excess of tone in parts. It is opposed to atony. 
 
 HYPERTRICHO'SIS ; from hyper, and dpt^, 
 rpixo^! ' hair.' Excessive production of hair. 
 
 HYPERTROPH^'MIA, from hyper, rpo^r,, 
 'nourishment,' and 'atna, 'blood.' A state in 
 which the plastic powers of the blood are in- 
 
 Cr6(lSGCl. 
 
 HYPERTROPIIIA, Hypertrophy— h. Cerebri, 
 Phrenauxe — h. Cordis, Heart, hypertrophy of 
 the — h. Glandularum, Hyperadenosis — h. He- 
 patis, Hepatauxe — h. Intestinorum, Enterhy- 
 pertrophia — h. Lienis, Splenoncus — h. Splenis, 
 Splenoncus — h. Uteri, Metrauxe — h. Unguium, 
 Onych;iuxe — h. Vesicas urinarise, Cystauxe. 
 
 llYPERTROPHIiE, see Hypertrophy. 
 
 HYPERTROPHIE DU CGEUR. Heart, hy- 
 pertrophy of the — h. Centripete dn Coeur, Heart, 
 
 hypertrophy of the — h. Concentriqiie du Caur, 
 Heart, hypertrophy of the- — h. du Foie, Hepa- 
 tauxe — h. de lit Rate, Splenoncus — h. du Corps 
 Thyro'ide, Bronehoeele. 
 
 IIYPERTROPHIED, see Hypertrophy. 
 
 BYPERTROPHIEN, see Hypertrophy. 
 
 HYPERTROPHOUS, see Hypertrophy. 
 
 HY'PERTROPHY, Hypertroph'ia, from hyper, 
 and Tpo(^r), 'nourishment.' The state of a part 
 in which the nutrition is performed with greater 
 activity; and which, on that account, at length 
 acquires unusual bulk. The part thus afi"ected is 
 said to be hyper'tropjhied or hyper' tropihous. 
 HypertropihicB is used by Neligan, as Hyper- 
 trophien is by Simon, for an order of cutaneous 
 diseases, characterized by hypertrophy of the 
 derma, or epidermis, or both, or of the hair fol- 
 licles. 
 
 HYPERURESIS, Enuresis — h. Aquosa, Dia- 
 betes. 
 
 HYPERURORRHEE, Diabetes—^. Saccha- 
 ri»e. Diabetes (mellitus.) 
 
 HYPERZOODYNAMIA, Hypersthenia. 
 
 HYPEX'ODOS, 'vTre^oios, from 'uto, 'beneath,' 
 and c^oSos, 'passing out.' An alvine discharge 
 or flux. — Hippocrates. 
 
 HYPEZOCUS, Diaphragm, Pleura. See Hy- 
 pozoma. 
 
 HYPHA, Texture. 
 
 HYPH.EMA, Ecchvraoma. 
 
 HYPH^MATO'SIS, HypohcEmato'sis, from 
 'v-xo, 'under,' and 'ui/jaruaij, 'sanguification.' 
 Morbidly diminished haimatosis. — Sanguifica'tio 
 dehil'ior. 
 
 HYPH.EMOS, Subcruentus. 
 
 HYPHE, Texture. 
 
 HYPHYDROS, Hydropic. 
 
 HYPINO'SIS, Hypoplas'ma, from 'vrrn, 'un- 
 der,' and If, ivog, 'fibre.' The condition of the 
 blood in which the quantity of fibrin is frequently 
 less than in health, or if it amounts to the usual 
 quantity, its proportion to the blood corpuscles 
 is less than in health : the quantity of corpuscles 
 is either absolutely increased or their proportion 
 to the fibrin is larger than in healthy blood ; the 
 quantity of solid constituents is also frequentl.y 
 larger than in health. Such is the condition of 
 the blood in fevers, hemorrhages, and polyaemia. 
 — vSimon. 
 
 HYPN^STHESIS, Somnolency. 
 
 HYPNAGO'GIC, Hypnago'gicus, from 'vttvoj, 
 ' sleep,' and ayoiyos, ' a leader.' Leading to sleep. 
 
 Hypnagogic hallucinations are those visions 
 which occur when we are half asleep. 
 
 HYPNIA'TER, (F.) Hypniatre, from 'vrvog, 
 'sleep,' and larpog, 'a ph3'sician.' A name given 
 to deluded or designing persons who have affirmed 
 that they were able, during their ' magnetic sleep,' 
 to diagnosticate disease and its appropriate treat- 
 ment. 
 
 HYPNIC, Hyp'nicns, from 'vtvos, 'sleep.' An 
 agent that affects sleep. — Pereira. 
 
 HYPNOBADES, Somnambulist. 
 
 HYPNOBADISIS, Somnambulism. 
 
 HYPNOBATASIS, Somnambulism. 
 
 HYPNOBATES, Somnambulist. 
 
 HYPNOBATESIS, Somnambulism. 
 
 HYPNOBATIA, Somnambulism. 
 
 HYPNO'DES, 'uTTvu^j/j, from 'v-rro, 'under,' and 
 'vTTvos, ' sleep.' One in a state of slumber or som- 
 nolency. 
 
 HYPNODIA, Somnolency. 
 
 HYPNOLOG"ICA, Hypnolog"iee. The part 
 of hygiene which treats of sleep. 
 
 HYPNOL'OGY, Bypnolog"ia, from 'uttw, and 
 \oyoi, 'a discourse.' Same etymon. A treatise 
 on sleep. The doctrine of sleep. 
 
 HYPNONERGIA, Somnambulism. 
 
HYPNOPHOBIA 
 
 482 
 
 HYPOGASTRIC 
 
 HYPNOPHOB'IA, from 'u-vo?, 'sleep,' and 
 ioiSog. ' dread.' Dread of sleep. Incubus. 
 IIYPXOPGEUS, Somniferous. 
 HYPNOS, Sleep. 
 
 IIYPNO'SIS, from 'vtzvo;, 'sleep.' The super- 
 vention or production of sleep. 
 
 Hypnosis BioirAGNETiCA, Sleep, magnetic. 
 HYPNOTIC, Somniferous. 
 HYPNOTISM, see Magnetism, animal. 
 HYPNOTIZED, see Mesmerized. 
 HYPO, 'vTTo, 'sub,' 'under,' in composition. 
 Hypo, Hypochondriasis. 
 HYP0.E'MA, Eechymoma. 
 HYPOXEMIA, Eechymoma, Hypasmia. 
 HYPOBLEPH'ARUM, from 'vtto, 'under,' and 
 8\i<^>aijov, 'eyelid.' Tumefaction under one or 
 both eyelids. Also, an artificial eye, placed un- 
 der the eyelids. 
 
 HYPOCAPNISMA, Suffiraentum. 
 HYPOCAPNISMUS, Fumigation. 
 HYPOCARO'DES, Subsopora'tu-s, from 'v-o, 
 'under,' and Kaf.oi, 'a heavy sleep.' One who is 
 in a state approaching carus. — Hippocrates. 
 
 HYPOCATHAR'SIS, from 'v~o, 'under,' and 
 Ka&apaig, ' purgation.' Too feeble purgation. A 
 ■word opposed to hypercatharsis. 
 HYPOCATHARTICUS, Laxative. 
 HYPOCAUS'TUM, from 'vrro, 'under,' and 
 (caiu, 'I burn.' A name given to a stove, or any 
 such contrivance, to sweat in. Also, a furnace 
 in any subterraneous place, used for heating 
 baths : — 'vTTOKavarov, Balnea' riurii, Vapora' riiim. 
 
 HYPOCEPHAL^'UM, from 'uro, 'under,' and 
 Ke(paXri, 'head.' A pillow for the head. 
 
 HYPOCERCHA'LEON, from 'o-o, and Ktf- 
 ■^aX^og, 'hoarse.' Roughness of the fauces affect- 
 ing the voice. — Hippocrates. 
 
 HYPOCHLORETUM SULPHUROSDM, Sul- 
 phur, chloride of. 
 
 HYPOCHLOROM'ELAS, suh-pal'lide ni'jn- 
 ccins, from 'o-o, •y^^Xapog, 'green,' and /teXag, 'black.' 
 A term applied to one whose skin is pale, with a 
 blackish hue. — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 HYPOCHOILION, Abdomen. 
 HY'POCHONDRE, Hypochon'dnum, Subcar- 
 tilagin'euvi, Ite'gio Hypochonch-i' aca, Hypochou' - 
 driaa Region, from 'viro, 'under,' and y^ar&poq, 'a 
 cartilage.' Each lateral and superior region of 
 the abdomen is so called, because it is bounded 
 by the cartilaginous margin of the false ribs, 
 which forms the base of the chest. There is a 
 right and a left hvpochondrium. 
 
 HYPOCHON'DRIAC, Bypochondri'acus, Hy- 
 pochondri' acal, Va'poury, Va' pourish, (F.) Hypo- 
 chondriaque. Same etymon. Belonging to hy- 
 pochondriasis. One labouring under hypochon- 
 driasis — hipped. 
 
 HYPOCHONDRIACISMUS,Hypochondriasis. 
 HYPOCHONDRIALGIA, Hypochondriasis. 
 HYPOCHONDRIAQUE, Hypochondriac. 
 HYPOCHONDRI'ASIS. Same etymon. AW- 
 sia seu Hollucina'tio hypoehondrinsis, Morbus 
 Jiypochondri' acns seu Resiccato'rius seu Ructuo'- 
 sjts, JJdlum hypochond ri' aeum, Hypochondriacis' - 
 mus, ffypochondricis'mus, Dysp)ep'sia hypochon- 
 driasis, Pas'sio seu Affec'tio hypochondri'aea, 
 Aiiathymi'asis, Hypercine'sis gastrica, Splenes, 
 Melanchol'ia nervea seu Jiatuo'sa seu hypochon- 
 d^ri'aca, Snffoca'tio hypochondri'aea. Morbus 
 fiatuo'sus seu erudito'rum, Fames ventric'nli, Hy- 
 pochondrism, Hypo, Hip, Spleen, Vajjours English, 
 3falady, Low Spirits, (F.) Hypnchondrie, 3faladie 
 imaginaire ou Anglaise, Affection vaporense, Va- 
 peurs. This disease is probably so called, from 
 the circumstance of some hypochondriacs having 
 felt an uneasy sensation in the hypochondriac 
 regions. The disease seems really to be, as Pinel 
 has classed it, a species of neurosis, and of mental 
 alienation, which is observed in persons who in 
 
 other respects are of sound judgment, but who 
 reason erroneously on whatever concerns their 
 own health. Hypochondriasis is characterized by 
 disordered digestion, without fever or local lesion ; 
 flatulence ; borborygmi ; extreme increase of sen- 
 sibility; palpitations; illusions of the senses; a 
 succession of morbid feelings, which appear to 
 simulate the greater part of diseases ; panics : 
 exaggerated uneasiness of various kinds ; chiefly 
 in what regards the health, &c. Indigestion has 
 usually been considered the cause of hj-pocbon- 
 driasis. They are, unquestionably, much con- 
 nected with each other : but there is every reason 
 to believe, that the seat of the affection is really, 
 though functionally, in the brain. The disease 
 almost always appears at the adult age, most 
 commonly in irritable individuals ; and in those 
 exhausted, or rather in the habit of being ex- 
 hausted by mental labour, overwhelmed with 
 domestic or public affairs, &c. 
 
 The treatment is almost entirely moral. The 
 condition of the digestive function must, however, 
 be accurately attended to. 
 
 HYPOCHONDRICISMUS, Hypochondriasis. 
 HYPOCHONDRISM, Hypochondriasis. 
 HYPOCHOREMA, Excrement. 
 HYPOCHORESIS, Dejection, Defecation, Ex- 
 crement. 
 
 HYPOCHORETICUS, Cathartic. 
 HYPOCHYMA, Cataract. 
 ! HYPOCHYROSIS. Baryecoia. 
 I HYPOCHYSIS H^^MATODES, Hsemophthal- 
 ! mia. 
 
 irrPOCISTIS, Cvtinus. 
 
 HYPOCLEP'TICUM, from '«-o, 'beneath,' 
 and (cXetttci), 'I steal.' A chymical vessel, for- 
 merly used for separating oil from water. 
 HYPOC(ELIS, Palpebra inferior. 
 HYPOCGELIUM, Abdomen. 
 HYPOC(ELUM, Hypocoilon, Palpebra infe- 
 rior. 
 
 HYP0C0I'L0N,.%;)occB7on, Hypocce'lum, Hy- 
 jjnc'ylum, from 'v-o, 'under,' and koi\ov, 'a ca- 
 vity.' A cavity situate under the lower eyelid. 
 The lower eyelid itself. 
 
 HYPOCOPHOSIS, Baryecoia, Deafness. 
 HYPOCRA'NIUM (Aposrr.jrA), from 'vtto, 'un- 
 der,' and Kpaviov, 'the cranium.' A collection of 
 pus between the cranium and dura mater. 
 HYPOCRATES, Infirm. 
 
 HYPOCYLUM, Hypocoilon, Palpebra inferior. 
 HYPOCYSTEOTOMIA, see Lithotomy. 
 HYPODERIS, Epideri.«. 
 
 HYPODERMAT'OMY,ir)//3orfer»7n?om'i"a,from 
 'vJTo, 'under,' Sepfia, 'the skin,' and TOfin, 'inci- 
 sion.' The section of subcutaneous parts-, as of 
 tendons and muscles. 
 
 HYPODER'MIC, Hy pod er' miens, (F.) Hypo- 
 denniqiie, from 'v~o, 'under,' and Scp^a, 'skin.' 
 That which is under the skin, — as 'hypodermic 
 medication,' (P.) Judication hypodermigue ; that 
 which consists in the application of remedies — as 
 morphia — under the skin. 
 
 HYFODERMTS, Clitoris, Epideris. 
 HYPODERRHIS, Epideris. 
 HYPODESMA. Bandage. 
 HYPODYNAMIC, Adynamic. 
 HYPODYN'IA, from 'vtto, 'under,' and oiviiv, 
 'pain.' Dolor mitis sen lenis. A slight pain. 
 HYPOGALA, Hypopyon. 
 HYPOGASTRAL'GIA, from 'vzoyaarptov. 'the 
 hypogastrium,' and aXyog, 'pain.' Pain in the 
 hvposastrium. 
 
 'HYPOGAS'TRIC, Hy2wgns'iricus. Relating 
 or belonging to the hypogastrium. 
 
 IlYPOG.iSTRic Artery, A. Ili'aca inter'na, A. 
 
 ' Ili'aca poste'rior, A. pelvieiine — (Ch.), is the more 
 
 internal of the two branches into which the pri- 
 
 j mary iliac divides. It descends into the cavity 
 
HYPOGASTRION 
 
 483 
 
 HYPOPIUM 
 
 of the pelvis, and gives off a considerable number 
 of branches, which arise, at times, separately; at 
 others, by common truniis. These branches are, 
 1. The poiiterior, i. e. the ilio-lumbar arteries, la- 
 teral, sacral, and gluteal. 2. The anterior, i. e. 
 the umbilical, vesical, and obturator. 3. The in- 
 teriinl, — the middle hemorrhoidal arteries, uterine, 
 and vaginal in women. 4. The inferior, i. e. the 
 isehiatic arteries, and internal pudic. 
 
 Hypogas'tric Gan'gliox. A large nervous 
 ganglion, described by Dr. Robt. Lee as seated 
 on each side of the cervi.x uteri, immediately be- 
 hind the ureter; which receives the greaternum- 
 ber of the nerves of the hypogastric and sacral 
 plexuses, and distributes branches to the uterus, 
 vagina, bladder, and rectum. 
 
 Hypogastric Operatio.v op Lithot'ojiy, (F.) 
 Taille Jiypogaatrique. The high operation, or 
 that practised above the pubes. 
 
 Hypogastric Plexus, Pfc.r«s sonii-mesenterique 
 of Winslow, is situate at the lateral and posterior 
 parts of the rectum and the has fond of the blad- 
 der. It is formed by the sacral nerves and the 
 inferior mesenteric plexus, and gives off numerous 
 filaments, which accompany the arteries that pass 
 to the rectum and genital organs. 
 
 Hypogastric Vein furnishes nearly the same 
 branches. 
 
 HYPOGASTRION, Abdomen, Hypogastrium. 
 
 HYPOGAS'TRIUM, Hxipogas'trion, from 'uiro, 
 'under,' and yiiarnp, 'the stomach or belly;' 
 Etron, rjTpov, Venter imus, V. parvus, Aqualie'- 
 ulus, Sumen, Biimen ; the lower part of the ab- 
 domen. The Hypogastric region, Re'gio hypo- 
 gas'trica seu hypogas'tria, which extends as high 
 as three fingers' breadth beneath the umbilicus, 
 is divided into three secondary regions — one 
 mickUe or pubic, and two lateral or inguinal. 
 
 HYPOGASTROCE'LE, from 'vtto, 'under,' 
 yaarrip, ' the Stomach or belly,' and K17X//, ' a tu- 
 mour.' Hernia in the hypogastric region, occur- 
 ring through the separated fibres of the lower 
 part of the linea alba. See Hernia, hvpogastric. 
 
 HYPOGASTRODID'YMUS, Did'ymus Syni- 
 pJtyoliypogas'trius, Jschiopa'ges, from 'uro, 'un- 
 der,' yaarnp, 'the belly,' and SiSvixoi, 'a twin.' A 
 monstrosity in which twins are united by the 
 hypogastrium. — Gurlt. 
 
 HYPOGASTRORIXIS, Eventration. 
 
 HYPOGLOSSA, Hypoglottides. 
 
 HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE, Hypoglossus. 
 
 HYPOGLOSSIA, Hypoglottides. 
 
 HYPOGLOSSIADENI'TIS, from'uTro, 'under,' 
 yXoxTcra, 'tongue,' aSrjv, 'a, gland,' and itis, deno- 
 ting inflammation. Inflamma' tio glaiidula'rum 
 Bublingua'liam. Inflammation of the sublingual 
 gland. 
 
 HYPOGLOSSIDIA, Hypoglottides, 
 
 HYPOGLOSSIS, Hypoglos' sium, Hypoglott'is, 
 HypoglotUia, from 'vno, 'under,' and yAuffcra, 
 'tongue.' The under surface of the tongue ; any- 
 thing under the tongue : and hence, Ranula. 
 
 HYPOGLOSSIUM, Hypoglossis, Ranula. 
 
 HYPOGLOSSUM, Ruscus hypoglossum, Ra- 
 nula. 
 
 HYPOGLOS'SUS, from 't,™, 'under,' and 
 yXojo-o-a, ' the tongue.' That which is under the 
 tongue. 
 
 Hypoglossus, Lingna'Us Me'diug,Hypogloss'al 
 or Lingual or Gus'tatory Nerve, (F.) Nerf Hypo- 
 glome ou Grand Hypoglosse, Hypoglossien (Ch.), 
 is the nirith pair of nerves, Par nonum, Nervn« 
 hypoglossus seu loquens, of many anatomists. It 
 arises by ten or twelve very fine filaments from 
 the grooves, which separate the corpora pyrami- 
 dalia from the C. olivaria; issues from the cra- 
 nium by the foramen condyloideum anterius; and 
 divides, near the angle of the jaw, into two 
 
 branches; the one, Ihe cervica'lis descendens or 
 descen'dens nioni. It forms, with the cervical 
 plexus, a large anastomotic arch, and furnishes 
 branches to several of the muscles of the neck. 
 The other, the lingual branch, is the continuation 
 of the principal trunk, and gives its numerous 
 filaments to the muscles of the tongue and pha- 
 rynx. The ninth pair communicates motion to 
 the muscles to which it is distributed. 
 
 HYPOGLOTTIA, Hypoglossis, Hypoglottides. 
 
 HYPOGLOTT'IDES, (PILULE,) Hypoglos'- 
 sia, Hypioglot'tia, Hypoglos'sa, Hypoglot'ta, Hy- 
 poglossid'ia, Pil'uke suhlingua'les. Pills placed 
 under the tongue to dissolve there. 
 
 HYPOGLOTTIS, Hypoglossis, Ranula. 
 
 HYPOGLU'TIS, from 'vno, 'under,' and y\ov- 
 TOi, 'the nates.' The lower and projecting part 
 of the nates. — Gorrjeus. 
 
 HYPOGNATHADEN, Submaxillary gland. 
 
 HYPOGlSrATHADENI'TIS,iyy;3o«)-a;«rfe»j7/«, 
 from hypognathaden, the submaxillary gland, and 
 itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 submaxillary gland. 
 
 HYPOH^'MA, from 'vtto, 'under,' and ai/ia, 
 'blood.' Effusion of blood into the chambers of 
 the eye. It is generally absorbed in time. 
 
 HYPOH.EMATOSIS, Hyphajmatosis. 
 
 HYPOH^MIA, Hypsemia. 
 
 HYPOLEPSIOMANIA, Melancholy. 
 
 HYPO'MIA, from 'vno, 'under,' and w/zoj, 'the 
 shoulder.' That which lies under the shoulder, 
 as the axilla, 
 
 HYPOMO'RIA, from 'vtto, 'under,' and inapia, 
 'folly.' Slight imbecility of mind, or flight 
 delirium. 
 
 HYPONARTHECIE, Hypnnarthe'cia, from 
 'wo, 'under,' and vapdrj^, 'a splint.' A term used 
 by M. Mayor for his mode of treating fractures 
 by position only, — the limb resting upon a pro- 
 perly cushioned board or splint. 
 
 HYPONEU'RIA, from 'vtto, 'under,' and vtn- 
 pov, 'a nerve.' Morbidly diminished nervous 
 energy. 
 
 HYPON'OMOS, Ulcus subtus depas'cens, from 
 'v-Ko, 'under,' and vtiiw, 'I feed.' A deep fistula 
 or ulcer. 
 
 HYPON'YCHON, from 'i-tto, 'under,' and ow^, 
 'the nail.' Ecchymo'ma Hyponyclion. Effusion 
 of blood under a nail. 
 
 HYPOPATHFA, Subaffec'tin, from 'vno, 'un- 
 der,' and iraSo^, 'disease.' A disease of a slight 
 character. 
 
 HYPOPATUS, Dejectio. 
 
 HYPOPE'DIUM, from 'utto, 'under,' and novs, 
 'the foot.' A cataplasm for the sole of the foot. 
 
 HYPOPH'ASIS, from 'vtto, 'under,' and (baivw, 
 'I appear.' The state of the eyes in which the 
 white only is seen through the opening of the 
 eyelids. — Hippocrates. 
 
 HYPOPHLEGMASIA, Subinflammatio. 
 
 HYPOPH'ORA, from 'vno, 'under,' and tpcpw, 
 'I carry;' Ulcus sinuo'sum seu fi.sfulo'sum. A 
 fistulous ulcer. — Galen. A dejection. 
 
 HYPOPHTHALMIA, Hypopyon. 
 
 HYPOPHTHAL'MION, from 'vno, 'under,' 
 and o(i)Sa>^pog, 'the eye.' That part under the eye 
 where oedema generally commences in chronic 
 diseases and in cachexia. — Hippocrates. 
 
 HYPOPHYSIS, Cataract, Epigone — h. Cere- 
 bri. Pituitary gland. 
 
 HYPOP'ITYS LANUGINO'SA, from 'vk«, 
 'under,' and nirvg, 'a pine tree,' from the place 
 of its growth. American Pine-sap, False Beech- 
 drops, Birds' Nest. Indigenous; flowering from 
 June to August. Order, Ericaceaj. Used as a 
 nervine in the form of the powdered root. 
 
 HYPO'PIITM, from 'vno, 'under,' and w^, 
 
HYPOPLASMA 
 
 484 
 
 HYPOUCANNA 
 
 'eye.' The part of the face under the eye: — a 
 black eye. 
 
 Hypopium Or, Mnlas os. 
 HYPOPLASMA, Hypinosi?. 
 HYPOPLAST^'MA.from 'vtto, 'under,' TrXair- 
 TiKos, ' formative,' and 'ai/ia, 'blood.' Diminished 
 plasticity of the blood. 
 
 HYPOPLEURIUS, Pleura. 
 
 HYPOPO'DIA, Snpplanta'Un, Siippeda'iieci, 
 from 'i)i70, 'under,' and rous, 'the foot.' Reme- 
 dies, as sinapisms, which are applied under the 
 foot. 
 
 HYPOP'YON, Hypop'ynm, IL/popJithal'mia, 
 Pyophthal'mia, Empye'sis seu Dictinje'sis seu Ah- 
 sces'sus Oc'iili, Oc'ulus pnrulen'tns, Lunell'a, Hy- 
 png'nla, Hypopywn lac'teum, Pyo'sis, Farop'sis 
 StapJiylo'nia purulentttm ; from 'viro, 'under,' and 
 Kvov, 'pus;' because the pus is under the cornea. 
 This name has been given to small abscesses be- 
 tween the laminae of the cornea, as well as to 
 different purulent collections in the chambers of 
 the eye; hence, some pathologists have distin- 
 guished Hypo])'yon of the chambers from Hypop'- 
 yon of the cor' nea. In abscesses of the chambers, 
 the purulent matter is mixed with the aqueous 
 humour, which it renders turbid; and is deposited 
 particularly at the lower part of the eye : forming 
 behind the cornea a kind of whitish crescent, that 
 rises more or less before the pupil, and closes it 
 entirely or in part. It requires the use of local 
 and general antiphlogistics, and sorbefacients. 
 At times, it is necessary to puncture the cornea 
 and evacuate the pus. 
 
 Hypopion was used by Galen to signify "an 
 effusion of blood under the eyelids and tunica 
 conjunctiva, or under the lower eyelid." — 
 Blancard. 
 
 HYPOPYUM LACTEUM. Hypopyon. 
 HYPORIN'ION, Hyporrhin'iiim, from 'vtto, 
 'under,' and piv, 'the nose.' That part of the 
 beard which grows beneath the nose. The mus- 
 taches. Also, the upper lip. 
 
 HYPORRHYSIS, Defluxion, Prolapsus. 
 HYPOSA'PRUS, Sitbpiitris,Putres'ceiis. Grow- 
 ing putrid; slightly putrid. Game, of various 
 kinds, (F.) Viandes faisaiulecs, is, at times, pre- 
 ferred in an incipient state of decomposition, 
 which certainly renders it more digestible. 
 
 HYPOSAR'CA, from 'vwo, 'under,' and aap^, 
 'flesh;' Hyposarcid'inn, Anasarca. In the Noso- 
 logies of Linnseus and CuUen, it is synonymous 
 with Physconia. 
 
 HYPOSARCIDITJS, Anasarca, Hyposarca. 
 HYPOSARCO'SIS, from 'vtto, 'under,' and 
 (rapKfoatg, ' a fleshy growth.' A small, fleshy 
 growth : — a wart. 
 
 HYPOSIAGON, Maxillary bone, inferior. 
 IIYPOSIAGONARTHRI'TIS, from 'vtto, 'un- 
 der,' ffiaywi', 'the jawbone,' ('lower jawbone,') 
 apGpov, 'a joint,' and itis, denoting inflammation ; 
 Inflaiama'tio artic'idi maxil'Jcs inferiu'ris. In- 
 flammation of the joint of the lower jaw. 
 HYPOSIALADEN, Submaxillary gland. 
 HYPOSIALADENITIS, Hypognathadenitis. 
 HYPOSPA'DIA, Hypospadi'asis, from 'vtto, 
 'under,' and ciraw, 'I draw.' A malformation, in 
 which the canal of the urethra, instead of open- 
 ing at the apex of the glans, terminates at its 
 base, or beneath the penis, at a greater or less 
 distance from the symphysis pubis. When the 
 orifice of the urethra is very near the root of the 
 penis, the scrotum is divided, as it were, into two 
 great labia; and this malformation has often 
 been taken for a case of hermaphrodism. Hypo- 
 spadia is ordinarily incurable ; and an idea has 
 been entertained that it is the cause of impotence. 
 It is not exactly so; but it renders impregnation 
 less probable. 
 
 HYPOSPA'DIAS, Hypospadia!' ns, Eypospad'. 
 iciis. One affected with hj'pospadia. 
 HYPOSPADIASIS, Hypospadia. 
 HYPOSPATHIS'MUS, from 'wo, 'under,' and 
 aTTudiov, 'a ladle or spatula.' A surgical opera- 
 tion, with the ancients, in cases of severe ' de- 
 fluxion to the ej'es,' which consisted in incisions 
 made in the scalp down to the bone, and the in- 
 sertion of an instrument called a spath'ion or hy- 
 pospathis'ter to enable the intermediate parts to 
 be divided. The precise character of the opera- 
 tion is not well described, and it is no longer 
 known. — Paulus of Mgina. 
 
 HYPOSPATHISTER, see Hypospathismus. 
 HYPOSPHAG'MA, from 'vttu, 'under.' and 
 (T^a^u), 'I kill.' The coagulated blood, which is 
 collected when an animal is killed and used for 
 food. Also, an effusion of blood, especially under 
 the conjunctiva. 
 
 Hyposphagma, Hasmophthalmia. 
 HYPOSTAPHYLE, Staphyloedema. 
 HYPOSTAPHYLITIS, see Staphylitis. 
 HYPOS'TASIS, from 'u-o, 'under,' and cracrig, 
 'the act of placing.' A morbid deposition in the 
 body. Sediment. 
 
 HYPOSTAT'IC, Hy postal' icus, from 'wo, 'un- 
 der,' and craatg, 'stagnation.' Relating to hy- 
 postases, sediments or depositions. 
 
 Hypostatic Hypeu^'mia. A congestion of 
 blood in the vessels of a part, caused by its de- 
 pending position. 
 
 HYPOSTEMA, Sediment. 
 HYPOSTHENIA, Debility. 
 HYPOSTHENIC, Contrastimulant. 
 HYPOS'TROPHE, 'vT:ocTpo(f,r,, 'change of po- 
 sition,' from 'vtto, and orpEc/Ko, 'I turn.' Act of a 
 patient turning himself. Also, a relapse or return 
 of a disease. — Hippocrates, Foesius. 
 
 HYPOSTYP'TIC, Hyposiyp'ticns, from 'vtto, 
 'under,' and ctv^h, 'constriction.' A feeble 
 astringent. 
 
 HYPOSYPH'ILIS, from 'vtto, 'under,' and 
 Syphilis. A mild form of syphilis. 
 
 HYPOTH'ENAR, ;S'»6'OT?a, from 'vtto. 'under,' 
 and &cvap, ' the palm of the hand or sole of the 
 foot.' Hypothenar Em'iuence. The fleshy projec- 
 tion of the palmar surface of the hand, which cor- 
 responds with the little finger, and is supported 
 by the fifth metacarpal bone. This eminence is 
 formed of four muscles : the Pahnaria hrevis. 
 Adductor seu Flexor brevis minimi digiti, and 
 Oj>ponens minimi digiti. The name Hypothenar 
 has also been given to different muscles of the 
 hand. The Hypothenar minimi digiti of Riolan 
 comprehended the Abductor, Flexor hrevis and 
 Opponcns minimi digiti; and his muscle, Hy- 
 p)othenar pollicis, corresponded to the Abductor 
 and a portioii of the Flexor brevis ^jo?^ic?'s. 
 Winslow called the Adductor minimi digiti, mus- 
 cle petit hypothenar ou hypothenar dii petit doigt. 
 Hypothenar Minimi Digiti, Flexor parvus 
 minimi digiti — h. Minor metacarpeus. Abductor 
 minimi digiti — -h. Riolani, Flexor parvus minimi 
 digiti. 
 
 HYPOTHETON, Suppository. 
 HYPOTHYMIAMA, Fumigation. 
 HYPOTHYMIASIS, Fumigation. 
 HYPO'TIUM, (Emplastrum ;) from '-.ri. 'un- 
 der,' and onf, 'the ear.' Empilas'trum auricula' re ; 
 a plaster applied behind or under the ear. 
 HYPOTROPHE, Relapse. 
 HYPOTROPH'IA, Hypot'rophy, from 'vtto, 
 'under,' and r/5o0i7, 'nourishment.' Scanty nour- 
 ishment or nutrition. Atrophy. 
 HYPOTROPIASMUS, Relapse. 
 HYPOTRYGUS, Feculent. 
 HYPOUCANNA, Ipecacuanha. 
 
HYPOUTRION 
 
 485 
 
 HYSTERO-CYSTOCELE 
 
 HYPOUTRION, Abdomen. 
 
 HYPOXEMIE, Asphyxia. 
 
 HYPOX'YS EREC'TA, Stargrass ; from 'uro, 
 'beneath,' and ofi'j, 'sharp,' because the pod is 
 acute at the base [?] ; indigenous; Order, Ama- 
 ryllidaoese. The root is eaten, and has been used 
 as a vulnerary; and in chronic ulcers and agues. 
 
 HYPOZO'MA, from 'u-o, 'under,' and ^(ovi/«//i, 
 'I bind round;' Jlembrana sticcin'gens. A mem- 
 brane or septum, as the mediastinum, diaphragm, 
 
 HYPPOCRAS, Claret. 
 
 HYPSELOGLOSSUS, Basioglossus. 
 
 HYPSILODES, OS, Hyoides os. 
 
 HYPSILOGLOSSUS, Hyoglossus. 
 
 HYPSONOSUS, Puna. 
 
 HYPSOPHO'NUS.frora 'vrjog. 'high,' and <pu>vv, 
 'voice.' One who has a clear high voice. 
 
 HYPSOSIS, Sublimation. 
 
 HYPTIASMA. Supination. 
 
 HYPTIAS'MOS, from 'virna^w, 'I lie with the 
 face upwards.' Lying in a supine posture. Also, 
 inversion of the stomach, as in nausea, regurgi- 
 tation, or vomiting.^Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 HYPU'LUS, from 'v-o, and ovXij, ' cicatrix.' 
 Imperfectly cicatrized. 
 
 Ulcera hrjini'la. Ulcers healed at the top, but 
 not at the bottom. 
 
 HYRA'CEUM. A substance found in the 
 Cape Colony, which Thunberg and other travel- 
 lers mistook for a kind of bitumen ; but, accord- 
 ing to Dr. Pappe, it is obtained from the urine of 
 the Klip.das or Hijrax Ccpeiisis, which, when 
 passed, is thick and of a glutinous nature. The 
 animal is in the habit of evacuating the urine at 
 one spot, where its aqueous parts evaporate in 
 the sun — the more tenacious adhering to the 
 rock and hardening. 
 
 In smell, and medical properties, it most re- 
 sembles castor, which, according to Dr. Pappe, it 
 may replace. It is used by the Cape farmers in 
 nervous and spasmodic affections. 
 
 HYRAX CAPEXSIS, see Hyraceum. 
 
 HYRTOCHEILIDES, Labia pudendi. 
 
 BYSOPE, Hyssopus. 
 
 HYSSOP, Hyssopus — h. Hedge, Gratiola offi- 
 cinalis. 
 
 HYSSOPI'TES. Ancient name of a wine, of 
 which hj'ssop was the chief ingredient, and which 
 Dioscorides extolled in chronic inflammation of 
 the chest. It was regarded as diuretic and em- 
 menagogue. 
 
 HYSSO'PUS, from the Hebr. Azob, CaJisi'ala, 
 JTt/ssopns officina'lis, Covimoii Ityssop, (F.) Hysnpe. 
 It has been chiefly used as an aromatic, stimu- 
 lant, and pectoral, in the form of infusion. 
 
 HYSTERA, 'varz^a, 'varcpn, 'the uterus.' 
 Hence : 
 
 HysTERA, Secundines. 
 
 HYSTERAL'GIA, jFTy-sferodi/n'ia, (F.) For- 
 traiture, from 'vartpa, ' the uterus,' and a'Xyog, 
 'pain.' Pain in the uterus. Irritable uterus, (F.) 
 JSfevralgie de I'uterus. Hippocrates uses the e]pi- 
 thet JIijsterctl'ges,vaT£pa\ytj;, for anything that ex- 
 cites uterine pain ; and, especially, [?] for vinegar. 
 
 HvsTERALGiA Catarrhalis, Metrorrheuma — 
 h. Galactiea, Phlegmatia alba dolens — h. Lochi- 
 alis, Dyslochia — h. Rheumatica, Metrorrheuma. 
 
 HYSTERAPOPNIXIS, Angone. 
 
 HYSTERATRE'SIA, Atreiome'tria, from 
 'vdTcpa, 'the uterus,' and arpriTu;, 'imperforate.' 
 Imperforation of the os uteri. 
 
 HYSTERELCO'SIS, from 'varcpa, 'uterus,' and 
 'sXko?, 'an ulcer.' U'teri exulcera'tio, V'teri ulcus. 
 Ulceration of the uterus. 
 
 HYSTERELOSIS, Hysteroloxia. 
 
 HYSTEREMPHYSEMA, Physometra. 
 
 HYSTE'RIA, H. vaga, Hy8tericis'mus,Hy8teris- 
 
 mits, Hysterias, Hysteri'asis, HyslcropatJii'a, Tly- 
 2}ercine' sia uteri'na seu hyste'ria. Uteri adscen'- 
 SHs, Suffoca'tio liyster'iea seu uteri'na seu mub'e'- 
 rum, Asthma xi'teri, Prtbfoca'tio matri'cis seu 
 uteri'na, Syspa'sia hysteria, JIfalum hyster'icun 
 seu hysterico-hyjjochondri'acum. Vapo'res uteri'ni, 
 Affec'tio seu Passio hyster'ica, JJorbus hyster'icus, 
 Stravgula'tio uteri'na seu Vuli-<p, Vapours, Hys- 
 ter'ics. Hysteric Jit, Mother, (F.) Hysterie, Mul 
 de Mere, Maladie imaginaire. Passion hysteriqtte, 
 Suffocation uterine, Etranglement, JEpilepsie ute- 
 rine, Vapeurs, Ifaux de A^erfn, from 'varcpa, 'the 
 uterus.' A species of neurosis, classed amongst 
 the spasmi by Sauvages and Cullen, and in the 
 Nevroses de la generation, by Pinel. It received 
 the name of hysteria, because it was reputed to 
 have its seat in the uterus. It generallj' occurs 
 in paroxysms; the principal characters of which 
 consist in alternate fits of laughing and crj'ing, 
 with a sensation as if a ball set out from the 
 uterus and ascended towards the stomach, chest, 
 and neck, producing a sense of strangulation. If 
 the attack be violent, there is, sometimes, loss of 
 consciousness (although the presence of conscious- 
 ness generally distinguishes it from epilepsy) and 
 convulsions. The duration of the attacks is very 
 variable. It appears to be dependent upon irre- 
 gularity of nervous distribution in ver}' impres- 
 sible persons, and is not confined to the female; 
 for well-marked cases of hysteria are occasionally 
 met with in men. During the fit, — dashing cold 
 water on the face, stimulants applied to the nose, 
 or exhibited internally, and antispasmodics, form 
 the therapeutical agents. Exercise, tranquillity 
 of mind, amusing and agreeable occupations con- 
 stitute the prophylactics. See Mania, dancing. 
 
 Hysteria Cataleptica, Catalepsy — h. Vaga, 
 Hysteria. 
 
 HYSTERIAS, Hysteria. 
 
 HYSTERIASIS, Hysteria. 
 
 HYSTERICA, see Hysterical. 
 
 HYSTER'ICAL, Hyster'icus, Va'ponrish, Ya'- 
 pouring, (F.) Hysteriqne. Same etymon as hys- 
 terical. Relating to or affected with hysteria. 
 
 The word hysterica was used by Martial for a 
 female affected with nj'mphomania or with strong 
 sexual desires. 
 
 HYSTERTCISMUS, Hysteria. 
 
 HYSTERICS, Hysteria. 
 
 HYSTERIE, Hysteria. 
 
 HYSTERISMUS, Hysteria. 
 
 HYSTERITES, Hydrometra. 
 
 HYSTERITIS, Metritis, Hydrometra, 
 
 HYSTEROCARCINOMA, Metrocarcinoma. 
 
 HYSTEROCE'LE, from 'vcrtpa, 'the womb,' 
 and Kri\r), 'hernia.' Ifetroce'le, Her'nia u'teri, 
 Hernia of the womb. This is a rare disease. The 
 womb may protrude through the inguinal or the 
 crural canal, or through the lower part of the 
 linea alba. 
 
 Hysterocele Xuda, Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 HYSTEROCOLICA. Colica uterina, 
 
 HYSTEROCNES'MUS, from 'vartpa, 'uterus,' 
 and Kvridiios, 'itching.' Pruritus of the uterus or 
 genitals. 
 
 HYSTEROCRAXIUM, Occiput. 
 
 HYSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy. 
 
 HYS'TERO-CYSTIC, Hys'terocys'ticus, from 
 'varepa, 'the uterus,' and Kvcng, 'the bladder.' 
 Relating to the uterus and bladder. Some au- 
 thors have caWed Hystero-cystic Retention of urine, 
 that which is caused by the compression of the 
 bladder by the uterus, during pregnancy. 
 
 HYSTERO-CYSTOCE'LE, from 'varcpa, 'the 
 womb,' Kvartg, 'the bladder,' and kv^tj, 'a tumour. 
 Hernia of the uterus complicated with displace- 
 ment of the bladder. 
 
HYSTERODYNIA 
 
 48G 
 
 lATRINE 
 
 HYSTERODYNIA, Hysteralgia. 
 
 HYSTERCEDEMA, Hydrometra. 
 
 HYS'TEROID, Hystero'des, Hysteroi'des, from 
 'hysteria,' and uiog, 'resemblance.' Resembling 
 hysteria; — as a hj'steroid disease, symptom, &c. 
 
 HYSTEROL'OGY, Hysterolog"ia, from '■vartpa, 
 'the uterus,' and Xoyoi, 'a description.' A trea- 
 tise on the sound and morbid uterus. 
 
 HYSTEROLOX'IA, HystereW sis, Ohliq'uitas 
 seu Situs obli'quus uteri, Flexio seu Versio in- 
 comple'ta seu Inclina'tio uteri, Metrolox'ia, 3/e- 
 trocamjys'is, Metroscolio' ma, Uterus obli'quus seu 
 Iiiclina'fus/ from ^varcpa, 'the uterus/ and Ao^'oj, 
 'oblique.' An oblicjue position of the uterus, 
 occurring during pregnancy. Anteversion of the 
 uterus, Hysterolox'ia anterior, Anteversio seu 
 Prona'tio uteri, Venter propendens ; and Retro- 
 version of the uterus, Hysterolox'ia posterim; 
 jRetrover'sio uteri, Reflex'io uteri compleia, are 
 varieties. 
 
 HYSTEROMALA'CIA, Hysteromalaco'sis, Hy- 
 steroinalaco' ma, Metromalnco'sis,Metromalaco'rna, 
 Malaco'sis uteri, Emollit"ies uteri morbosa, Pu- 
 treseen'tia xi'teri grav'idi, from 'voripa, 'the ute- 
 rus/ and jiaXaKia, 'softness.' Softness of the 
 uterus during pregnancy, which renders it liable 
 to rupture in labour. 
 
 HYSTEROMALACOMA, Hysteromalacia. 
 
 HYSTEROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 HYSTEROMETER, see Sound, uterine. 
 
 HYSTEROMOCHLIUM, Lever. 
 
 HYSTERON'CUS, from 'varepa, 'the uterus/ 
 .and oyKos, 'tumour.' Metron'cus, Hysterophy'ma, 
 Metrophyma, Tumor uteri. A tumour of the 
 uterus. 
 
 RYSTEB.O-l?A'RAL'YSlS,B'ysterople'ff!a,?rom 
 'vcr-spa, 'the uterus,' and irapaXviris, 'paralysis.' 
 Paralysis of the uterus. 
 
 HYSTEROPATHI'A, from 'varcpa, 'the ute- 
 rus,' and -naOuq, 'suffering.' Disease or suffering 
 in the uterus. Also, hysteria, and deutero- 
 pathia. 
 
 HYSTEROPIIYMA, Hysteroneus. 
 
 HYSTEROPHYSE, Physometra. 
 
 HYSTEROPH'YSIS, from 'va-tpa, 'the ute- 
 rus,' and (bvarj, 'wind.' Distension of the uterus 
 with air : Emphijse'ma u'teri. 
 
 HYSTEROPLEaiA, Hysteroparalysis. 
 
 HYSTEROPNIX. Angone. 
 
 HYSTEROPOLYPUS, Metropolypus. 
 
 HYSTEROPSOPHIA, Physometra. 
 
 HYSTEROPTO'SIS, from 'vortoa, 'the womb,' 
 and ^Tuiais, 'fall/ Prolapsus uteri. Also, Inversio 
 
 uteri, Anas'fj-oj^Jie uteri. In a general sense, a 
 protrusion of any part of the genital organs or of 
 excrescences from them into the genital passages ; 
 ^dopto'sis. 
 
 Hysteroptosis, Prolapsus uteri — h. Vagina) 
 prolapsus, Prolapsus vaginffi. 
 
 HYSTERORRHAGIA SANGUINEA, Me- 
 trorrhagia. 
 
 HYSTERORRHEXIS, Uterus, rupture of the. 
 
 HYSTERORRHCEA, Metrorrhagia — h. Mu- 
 cosa, Leucorrhcea. 
 
 IIYSTEROSALPINX, Tube, Fallopian. 
 
 HYSTBROSCIRRHUS, Metroscirrhus. 
 
 HYS'TEROSGOPE, from 'v<rTtpa, 'the uterus,' 
 and oKOTreui, 'I view.' A metallic mirror, used in 
 inspecting the state of the os uteri for throwing 
 the rays of a taper to the bottom of the speculum 
 uteri. — Colombat de I'lsere. 
 
 HYSTEROSPASM'US, from 'vcrspa, 'the 
 womb,' and airacfioi, 'spasm.' Spasm of the ute- 
 rus. Also, hysterical spasm. 
 
 HYSTERGSTOMA, Os uteri. 
 
 HYSTEROSTOMAT'OMUS, from 'utrT-tpa, ' the 
 womb,' cTopa, 'orifice,' and rifivtiv, 'to cut.' An 
 instrument invented by Coutouly for dividing the 
 OS uteri, when it is important to deliver immedi- 
 ately, as in cases of convulsions. 
 
 HYSTEROSTOMIUM, Os uteri. 
 
 HYSTEROSYNIZESIS, Metrosynizesis. 
 
 HYSTEROTOME, Hysterotomus. 
 
 HYSTEROTOM'IA, Hysterot'omy. Sameety- 
 mon as Hysterotomus. Csesarean section. Also, 
 dissection of the uterus. 
 
 HYSTEROTOMOTOCIA, Csesarean section. 
 
 HYSTEROT'OMUS, Hysterotome, iVetrot'omus, 
 3Ie'trotnme, from 'varcpa, 'the womb,' and Teftveir, 
 'to cut.' An instrument for dividing the womb 
 through the vagina. It is a kind of Bistonri 
 cache, and is intended to divide the cervix and 
 OS uteri, — Hysterostomat' om us. 
 
 HYSTEROTRISM'US, from 'vari-pa, 'the 
 womb,' and rpi^u), 'I gnash.' Spasmodic contrac- 
 tion of the uterus, especially of its mouth. 
 
 HYSTREMPHYSEMA, Physometra. 
 
 HYSTRIASIS, Hystriciasis. 
 
 HYSTRICI'ASIS, Hystri'asis, Hys'trix, JTys- 
 tricis'mus, Cerostro'sis, Tricho'sis seto'sa, from 
 'vtTTpi^, 'vaTpf)((>i, 'a hedgehog or porcupine.' A 
 disease of the hairs, in which they stand erect 
 like the quills of the porcupine. 
 
 HYSTRIOISMUS, Hystriciasis. 
 
 HYSTRIX, Hystriciasis. 
 
 HYVES, Hives. 
 
 I. 
 
 lAMA, Medicament. 
 
 lAMATOLOGY, Materia mediea. 
 
 lAMATOSYNTAXIOLOGIA, see Prescrip- 
 tion. 
 
 lAMATOSYNTAXIS. see Composition. 
 
 lAMATOTAXIOLOGIA, see Prescription. 
 
 lASIMOS, Curable. 
 
 IAS IS, Curation, 
 
 lATERIA, Medicina. 
 
 lATERIUS, Medicinal. 
 
 lATRALEIP'TICE, latraHplice {Ars), Jatra- 
 leiptic or latralip'tic method; from larpog, 'a 
 physician,' and_a>£i0u), 'I anoint.' The method 
 of treating diseases adopted by the latraleptes, — 
 that is, by friction chiefly. 
 
 lATRALEP'TES, latraleip'tes, latrcdij^'ta, 
 
 latroleip'tes, Med'icits TJnguenta'rius. One who 
 treats diseases by unguents, frictions, and by ex- 
 ternal means generally. Prodicus, a discijile of 
 iEsculapius, was the chief of the latraleptes. 
 
 lATRALIPTES, latraleptes. 
 
 lATRALIPTICE, latraleiptice. 
 
 IATREUSIOLOG"IA, from larptvcig, 'the ex- 
 ercise of the art of healing,' and Aoyoj, 'a de- 
 scription.' The doctrine of the exercise of the 
 healing art. — Reil. 
 
 lATREUSIS. The exercise of the healing art. 
 
 lATRIA, Medicina. 
 
 lATRICE, Medicina. 
 
 lATRICLTS, Medical; see Digitus. 
 
 lATRI'NE, Medicina. Also, a female practi- 
 tioner of medicine; a midwife. 
 
lATRION 
 
 487 
 
 ICTERUS 
 
 lATRI'ON, larpetov, latre'on, I'd'tron, letri'on, 
 3feJic<iti-t'na. The house or oiSco of a physician 
 or surgeon. Also, the physician's fee or hono- 
 rarium. 
 
 lATROCIIEMIA, Chymiatria. 
 lATROCHYMIA, Chymiatria. 
 lATROGNOM'ICA, /a^)-0(/)Kjm'i'ce ; from larpos, 
 'a physician,' and yij-oxr/cu), 'I know.' A know- 
 ledge of medical objects. — Hufeland. 
 lATROLEIPTES, latraleptcs. 
 IATROLOG"IA, latrol'ogy, from lar^jo^, 'a 
 physician,' and Xoyoq. 'a description.' A treatise 
 on physic and physicians. 
 
 lATROMAN'TIS, from larpo;, 'a physician,' 
 and (lavrna, 'divination.' A physician who is a 
 soothsayer. 
 
 lATRO-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICIANS, 
 Jatromntliemnt'ici. Mechanical physicians. 
 lATROMBCHANICI, Mechanical physicians. 
 lATRON, latrion. 
 
 lATROPHYSICS, Physics, medical. 
 lATROS, latrus. 
 
 lATROSOPHIS'TA.from larpoj, 'a physician,' 
 and ao-pLcrrris, 'one skilled in an art or science.' 
 A learned, or thoroughly educated physician. 
 
 lATROTECH'NA, latrotech'nes; from larpog, 
 'a physician,' and re'^vrj, 'art.' A practical phy- 
 sician or surgeon. 
 
 lATROTECHNICE. Medicina, Therapeutics. 
 lATRUS, latros, Physician; also, a surgeon. 
 IBBRIS, Lepidium iberis. 
 Ibe'ius Ama'ka, Bitter candi/fnft, (F.) Passe- 
 rage, from. Iberia, where it is indigenous. A 
 small herbaceous plant, Ord. CruciferiB, indigen- 
 ous in Europe, which was employed, of old, in 
 gout, rheumatism, &o. The seeds have been 
 used, in the dose of one to three grains, in asthma, 
 bronchitis, dropsy, and hypertrophy of the heart. 
 It is said to possess acro-narcotic properties; but 
 it is not much used. 
 
 Iberis Bursa Pastoris, Thlaspi bursa — i. 
 Campestris, Thlaspi campestre — i. Sophia, Car- 
 damine pratensis. 
 
 IBICUIBA, Becmha, Becniba mix. A species 
 . of nut from Brazil, the emulsive kernel of which 
 is ranked amongst balsamic remedies. 
 
 IBIS, i/?is. A bird held sacred by the Egyp- 
 tians. When sick, it is asserted that it was wont 
 to inject the water of the Nile into its fundament : 
 whence, according to Langius, was learned the 
 use of glysters. 
 
 IBISCHA MISMALVA, Althasa. 
 IBISCUS, Althsea. 
 IBIXUMA, Saponnria. 
 
 ICE, Sax. ir, Ola'cies, Frozen water, (F.) Glace. 
 Iced water is much used internally, as the best 
 refrigerant in fever. It is, also, applied exter- 
 nallj', in cases of external inflammation, as well 
 as in phrenitic and hernial aflections, &c., in the 
 form of the ice-caj} and ice-cataplasm or ice-poul- 
 tice ; formed by half filling a bladder with 
 pounded ice. 
 
 ICE-CAP. see Ice. 
 
 ICE-COLD, % cold, (F.) Froid fflacial. A 
 very strong morbid sensation of cold, compared 
 by the patient to that which would be produced 
 bj' the npplication of pieces of ice. 
 ICE-POULTICE, see lee. 
 ICELAND, MINERAL WATERS OF. Hot 
 springs are found in every part of Iceland. The 
 most noted of these is one called Geyser, two 
 days' journey from Hecla, and near Skalholt. 
 The diameter of the basin is 59 feet; and the 
 height to which the water is thrown is often more 
 than 100. The heat of the water is 212°. 
 
 ICE-PLANT, Meseinbryanthemum crystalli- 
 num, Monotropa uniflora. 
 
 ICHN03, ixvo;. The foot. The sole of the foot. 
 The heel. 
 
 ICHOR, i^oj/), Tchos. The serum of the blood, 
 Sanies, Sonlex, Vims, Pus malig'niiin, Tabum. 
 A thin, aqueous, and acrid discharge. 
 ICHOROIDES, Ichorous. 
 
 ICH'OROUS, Ichoro'siis, IchoroVdes, Smiio'- 
 SHS, Sa'nioris, (F.) Ichoreux, Sunitux. Belonging 
 to or resembling ichor. 
 ICHOS, Ichor. 
 ICHTHYA, Hook, blunt. 
 
 ICnTHYOCOL'LA,from ix^vg, tx^^og, 'a fish.' 
 and KuXXa, ' glue.' Colla Pis'ciuin. I'sinyluss, 
 Fish-glue, (F.) Ichtlnjocolle, Oolle de Poisson. A 
 name given to the dried swimming bladder or 
 sound of Acipenser huso, and other species of 
 acipenser, which is almost wholly composed of 
 gelatin, and is employed in medicine in the for- 
 mation of nutritive jellies. It is, also, occasion- 
 ally used in anatomical injections. The Evglinh 
 Court Plaster is made with it. In Russia, the 
 Acipenser is not the only genus from which isin- 
 glass is procured; it is also obtained from Silu'- 
 rus Olanis, which Dr. Royle suggests to be the 
 source of the SamovT/ or Somovy Isinglass of com- 
 merce. The sounds of the cod, ling, hake, <4;c., 
 yield it. From these it is made in New England; 
 and, in England, is termed New York Isinglass. 
 
 ICHTHYOPH'AGISTS, Tchihijoph'agi, from 
 t;^5us, i;^-&uof, ' a fish,' and ipayw, ' I eat.' People 
 who feed habitually on fish; — generally the most 
 uncivilized of mankind. 
 
 ICHTHYOPHAGOUS, Piscivorous. 
 
 ICHTHYOSE, Ichthyosis. 
 
 ICHTHYO'SIS, from ix^v? ix^riog, 'a fis^,' 
 from the resemblance of the scales to those of a 
 fish. Lepidu'sis, Ichthyi'asis, L. Ichtliyo'sis, Le- 
 pra Ichthyo'sis, Alvaras nigra (Arab.), Imjieti'go 
 excorticati'va, (F.) Ichthyose ; Fislishin, Porcu- 
 pine Disease. A permanently harsh, dry, scaly, 
 and, in some cases, almost horny texture of the 
 integuments of the body, unconnected with in- 
 ternal disorder. Willan and Batemiin hnve two 
 varieties, 1. simplex and /. cornea. Alihert has 
 three, the /. nacree or pearly, the /. cm tiee, and 
 the /. pellugre or Pellagra. 
 
 Ichthyosis Pellagra, Pellagrn. 
 
 Ichthyosis Seba'cea, Sebn'ceous Ichthyo'sis. 
 A morbid incrustation of a concrete subaceous 
 substance upon the surface of the epidermis, con- 
 founded, according to Mr. E. Wilson, with ich- 
 thyosis, to which it bears a close resemblance. 
 In many cases there is neither redness nor heat, 
 nor is the affection often accompanied by consti- 
 tutional symptoms. 
 
 ICHTHYOTOX'ICUM, from ixM, tx^""^' '» 
 fish,' and to^ikov, 'a poison;' Jch'thyus, fish 
 poison. 
 
 ICHTHYUS, lohthyotoxicum. 
 
 I'CICA ARACOUCHI'NL Aracouchini is a 
 balsam, extracted by incision from this tree in 
 Guyana. The Galibis use it for healing wounds. 
 
 IcicA Icicariba, see Amvris elemifera. 
 
 ICTAR, Vulva. 
 
 ICTERE, Icterus — i". Bleu, Cyanopathy — •;■. 
 des Nouveau-nes, Icterus infantum — i. Noire, 
 Melfena. 
 
 ICTERIC, Ictericus. 
 
 ICTERIC FEVER, REMITTING, see Re- 
 lapse. 
 
 IQTjERWIE, Icterus. 
 
 ICTERICUS, Antiicterie. Also, relating to. or 
 rembling Icterus; Ic'teric, IcteroVdes, Ictero'- 
 des. (F. ) Icterique. 
 
 ICTERITIA ALBA, Chlorosis— i. Flava, Icte- 
 rus — i. Rubea. Erysipelas — i. Rubra, Erysipelas. 
 
 ICTERODES, Ictericus. 
 
 ICTERUS, /. flavus seu vems, from i»cr(5, a 
 species of weasel, whose eyes are yellow [?J. (l/crtpoj 
 meant, with the ancients, a yellow bird, perhaps 
 the Oriole ;) ilorhus arcua'tus seu arqua'tus, Le^e- 
 
ICTODES FCETIDUS 
 
 488 
 
 IGNATIA AMARA 
 
 oil moi-bus (Paracelsus), Aiiru'go, Auri'go, 3for- 
 biis reglns seu liite'olus, Cholelith'ia ictet-wt, Cho- 
 lihce'mia, Cholrn'mia, Cholopla'nia, Cholo'sis, Der- 
 matocholo'eis, Siiffu'sio aurigiiio'sa seu felUs seu 
 biUs, Icteritia fiava, Il'etis Jiavits seu icteroides, 
 Cachex'ia ieter'iea, FelHs suffii'sio seu obstruc'tio 
 seu Siqjerfu'sio, Bil'ious Dys'crasy, Jaundice, 
 Yellows; Janders, Jaundeis, (Sc.) GnlscJioch, 
 (Prov.) Jonas, (F.) Ictere, Icterieie, Jaunisse, 
 Bile repandiie. A disease, the principal symptom 
 of which is yellowness of the skin and eyes, with 
 white faeces and high-coloured urine. It admits 
 of various causes; in fact, anything which can 
 directly or indirectly obstruct the course of the 
 bile, so that it is taken into the mass of blood and 
 produces the yellowness of surface ; — the bile 
 being separated by the kidneys, causes yellowness 
 of urine, and its being prevented from reaching the 
 intestine occasions the pale-coloured f^ces. The 
 prognosis, in ordinary cases, is favourable ; — when 
 complicated with hepatic disease, unfavourable. 
 The treatment is simple : — an emetic or purga- 
 tive, given occasionally so as to elicit the return 
 of the bile to its ordinary channels ; light tonics ; 
 unirritating diet; cheerful company, &c. 
 Icterus Albus, Chlorosis. 
 Icterus Infan'tuji, /. Neonato'mm, Neotoc- 
 ict' erns,Pcedict' erus, Auri'go ncophyto'rum. Yellow 
 gam, Yelloiv gown, (F.) Iclere des nouveau-nes, is a 
 common affection, and frequently dependent upon 
 obstruction of the choledoch duct by the meco- 
 nium. It requires time; and castor oil, occa- 
 sionally. 
 
 IcTEKUS Melas, Melajna — i. Neonatorum, I. 
 infantum — i. Niger, Melasna. 
 
 ICTliRUS Saturni'nus, Lead jaundice. The 
 earthy-yellow hue in saturnine cachexy. 
 
 Icterus Vir'idis, Green jaundice. Icterus 
 when the skin is of a green or olive hue. 
 
 ICTODES FCETIDUS, Dracontium foetidum. 
 ICTUS. 'A stroke or blow;' Plege, Plagn. 
 Ictus solis, a stroke of the sun. See Coup de so- 
 leil. Ictus, also, means the pulsation of an artery, 
 and the sting of a bee or other insect. 
 
 Ictus, Blow — i. Cordis, see Heart — i. Cordis et 
 arteriarum. Pulse — i. Sanguinis, Apoplexy — i. 
 Solis, Coujj de soleil. 
 
 IDE'A, Id'ea, Ido'lum, Ideach [? Paracelsus], 
 (F.) Idee, from eiSui, 'I see.' The image or re- 
 presentation of an object in the mind. 
 
 Idea, Fixed or Predom'inant, Id'ea fxa, 
 Ideopeg'ma. Tension of the mind on one notion ; 
 often observed in insanity. 
 
 Id'ea Morbt. Knowledge or idea of a disease, 
 IDEACH, Idea. 
 IDEAGENOUS, Sentiment. 
 IDE'AL, Idea'lis.^ Mental, notional, fancied. 
 Morhi ideales. Ideal diseases. Diseases of 
 the imagination. 
 
 IDEA'TION, Idea'tio, from 'idea.' The estab- 
 lishment of a distinct mental representation or 
 idea of an object. 
 IDIJE, Idea. 
 
 IDEN'TITY (PERSONAL), Tden'titas, from 
 •idem, ' the same.' Sameness. It is sometimes a 
 question in legal medicine to decide upon per- 
 sonal identity: that is, whether an individual be 
 the same he represents himself to be. Physical 
 marks form the great criteria. 
 
 IDEOL'OGY, Ideolog"ia, from ti^u, 'I see,' 
 and Xoyng, 'a discourse.' The science of ideas. 
 Intellectual philosophy. 
 
 I'DEO-MOTOR. A name given by Dr. Car- 
 penter to muscular movements, the result of com- 
 plete engrossment by an idea, which he regards 
 ■IS automatic, although originating in the cere- 
 brum. 
 
 IDEOPEaMA, Idea, fixed. 
 
 IDEOSYNCHYSIE, Delirium. 
 IDIANCEA, Idiotism. 
 IDIAPOCAUSIS, Combustion, human. 
 IDIEMPRESIS, Combustion, human. 
 IDIOCRASIS, Idiosyncrasy. 
 IDIOCTONIA, Suicide. 
 IDIOCY. Idiotism. 
 IDIO-MIASMATA, see Miasm. 
 IDIOPATHI'A, Idiopathei'a., ProtopatWa, 
 Pro'prius affectns, 3forbtis idiopiath' icus seu. pro- 
 priits seu prima'rius seu protopath'icus seu ori- 
 (jina'lis, Malum jirima'rium., from i^ioj, ' peculiar, 
 proper,' and va^og, 'an affection.' A primary 
 disease; one not depending on any other. 
 
 IDIOPATH'IC, Pro'prio hab'itu seu Constitu- 
 tio'ne pro'prio, pendens, Idiopath'icus, Idiup'a- 
 thes. Primary affections and their symptoms are 
 so denominated. 
 
 IDIOPTCY, Achromatopsia. 
 IDIOPTS, see Achromatopsia. 
 IDIOSYNCRASIA, Idiosyncrasy— i. Iliemor- 
 rhagicn, Hfematophilia — i. Olfaotorin, Parosmia. 
 
 IDIOSYN'CRASY, Idioc'rasy, Idiosyn'crasis, 
 Idiosyncra'sia, Idrotrop'ia, Idioo'rasis, Idiosyn- 
 cris'ia, from i6ios, ' peculiar,' aw, ' with,' and 
 Kpaaig, ' temperament.' A peculiarity of consti- 
 tution, in which one person is affected by an 
 agent which, in numerous others, vpould produce 
 no effect. Thus, shell-fish, bitter almonds, pro- 
 duce urticaria in some, by virtue of their idiosyn- 
 crasies. Others faint at the sight of blood, &c. 
 
 ID'IOT, Idio'ta, 'foolish, stupid, ignorant.' 
 Now used for one who is fatuous, or who docs 
 not possess sufficient intellectual faculties for the 
 social condition, and for preserving himself from 
 danger, — Homofat'uus, (Prov.) Dal cop), Fondling, 
 Hobhil. In law, one who has been without un- 
 derstanding from his birth, and whom the law 
 presumes to be never likely to attain any. 
 
 IDIOTIA, Idiotism — i. Endermica, Cretinism. 
 IDIOTIE, Idiotism. 
 
 ID'IOTISM, Idiotis'mus, Idioti'a, Idianoe'n, 
 Imbed I'-litas mentis ; Mo'riademens, Ance'a, Mo'- 
 ria, 3Ioro'sis, Meio'sis, Fatu'itas, Amen'tia, De- 
 men'tia natura'lis, Stvpid'itas, Vecor'dia, Inibe- . 
 cill'itas Ingen'ii, Id'iocy, Id'iotcy, Fatu'ity. (F.) 
 Demence innee, Idiotisme, Idiotic, Apsychisme. — 
 Piorry. Same etymon. A species of unsound 
 mind, characterized by more or less complete ob- 
 literation of the intellectual and moral faculties. 
 It may supervene on mania and melancholia, 
 when it is termed ^emt')!'<i"«, but more commonly 
 it depends upon original conformation. It may 
 also, be symptomatic of organic disease of the 
 brain, which has come on after birth. Idiotism 
 exists in various degrees. Some idiots are mere 
 automata, exhibiting scarcely any sensibility to 
 external impressions; others are capable of arti- 
 culating a few words, and possess certain mental 
 emotions to a limited extent. The physiognomy 
 is usually vacant, step unsteady, and articulation 
 imperfect or broken. The affection is almost al- 
 ways incurable ; but it may often be palliated. 
 IDIOTISME, Idiotism. 
 
 IDIOTISMUS, Idiotism — i. Endemicus, Cre^ 
 tinism. 
 
 IDIOTROPIA, Idiosyncrasy. 
 IDOLUM, Hallucination, Idea, 
 ■ IDROSIS, Ephidrosis. 
 lETRION, latrion. 
 IF, Taxus baccata. 
 IFFIDES, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 IGDE, Mortar. 
 IGDIS, Mortar. 
 
 IGNA'TIA AMA'RA, StrycJmos Igna'tii, Ig- 
 natia'na Phi.lippin'ica. Ord. Apocynacese. The 
 systematic name of the plant which affords .S'^. 
 Ignatius's Bean, Faha In'dica seu Sancti Igna'- 
 tii seu febrif'uga, (F.) Ignatie, Feve de Saint 
 
I GNAT IE 
 
 489 
 
 ILEX 
 
 Ignaee, Noix d'Igasur. The seeds are bitter and 'I 
 poisonous, containing strychnia, and only appear ' 
 to differ from nux vomica in containing a larger j 
 proportion of that alkaloid. |i 
 
 IGNATIE, Ignatia amara. |j 
 
 IGNAVIA, Inertia — i. seu Ignavitas partium : 
 genitalium, Impotence. I! 
 
 IGNIS, 'fire.' Hence: 
 
 Ignis Actualis, Cauterium — i. Animalis, Ani- 
 mal hevt. 
 
 Ignis Cal'ibus. 'A hot fire.' A violent in- 
 flammation, about to degenerate into gangrene. 
 
 Ignis Columella, Erysipelas. 
 
 Ignis FRiG"iDns. 'A cold fire.' Sphacelus. 
 
 Ignis Naturalis, Animal heat — i. Persicus, 
 Anthrax, Herpes zoster — i. Philosophicus, Phos- 
 phorus — i. Potentialis, see Cauterium — i. Sacer, 
 Erysipelas, Herpes zoster — i. Sancti Antonii, 
 Erysipelas. 
 
 Ignis Sapien'tium. The ancient name for the 
 heat of horses' dung. 
 
 Ignis Sylvat'icuS, I. sylves'trin seu volat'icus 
 seu vola'grius, Stroph'idus sylves'tris seu volat'- 
 icus. Wildfire rash, (F.) Fen sauvncje ou voUuje, 
 Flamhoise. Probably, the Porri'go larva'lis or 
 Crusta lac'tea of infants. Also, a transient red- 
 ness of the face and neck, sometimes observed in 
 hysterical and chlorotic females. 
 
 Ignis Sylvestris, I. sylvaticus — i. Vitalis, 
 Animal heat — i. Volagrius, I. sylvaticus — i. Vo- 
 laticus, I. sylvaticus. 
 
 IGNIVOROUS, Pyrophagus. 
 
 IGNYE, Poples. 
 
 IGNYS, Poples. 
 
 ILAPHIS, Arctium lappa. 
 
 ILEA, Flanks. 
 
 ILEAC PASSION, Ileus. 
 
 ILEADELPH'US, from ileum, 'the ileon,' and 
 aizktjioi, 'brother.' A double monster, united at 
 the pelvis, and below. 
 
 ILECH, Y'lech, Ilei'as. lUas'ter, YU.i'ter, EU- 
 as'ter, Ilias'trum, Hei'ados, llei'dns, Ilei'ndnm, 
 Hi'adus. Terms used by Paracelsus to desig- 
 nate the first matter: — the beginning of every 
 thincf. 
 
 ILEIADOS, Ilech. 
 
 ILEIADUM, Ilech. 
 
 ILEIAS, Ilech. 
 
 ILEIDOS, Ilech. 
 
 ILEI'TIS, from ileum, 'the intestine ileum,' 
 and itis, a suffix denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of the ileum. 
 
 ILEO. In composition, relating or appertain- 
 ing to the ileum. 
 
 ILEO-CHOLOSIS, Diarrhoea, bilious. 
 
 IL'EO-COLIC, Ileo-co' liens. Relating to the 
 ileum and colon : — as the ileo-colic valve or valve 
 of Bauhin. 
 
 ILEO-COLITIS, Enteritis. 
 
 ILEO-DICLIDITE, see Typhus. 
 
 ILEO-LUMBAR, Ileo-bimhn'Us, lUo-lumhn'ris. 
 Belonging to the ilium and lumbar region. 
 
 Ileo-lumbar Artery, Ilin-lnmhar artery, TU- 
 nco-muscular, (Ch.) is given off by the hypogas- 
 tric, opposite the base of the sacrum. It ascends 
 behind the psoas muscle, and divides into two 
 branches; — an ascending and a transverse, which 
 give off numerous ramifications to the neighbour- 
 ing parts. 
 
 Ileo-Liimbar Ltg'ament, Ilio-lumhar or Ilio- 
 Inmho-ver' tehral ligament, Verlehro-iliac ligament, 
 is a broad, membraniform, triangular ligament, 
 extending horizontally from the transverse pro- 
 cess of the 5th lumbar vertebrge to the upper and 
 posterior part of the iliac crest. It unites the 
 vertebral column with the pelvis. 
 
 IL'EON. Il'eum, Ei'leon, Il'ium, Intesti'num 
 circumvolu'tum, from u\uv, ' to turn,' ' to twist.' 
 
 Anatomists have given this name to the longest 
 portion of the small intestine, which extends 
 from the jejunum to the ctecum. It was so 
 called from its forming a considerable number 
 of convolutions. 
 
 ILEOPYRA, see Typhus. 
 
 ILEOSIS, Ileus. 
 
 ILEO-TYPHUS, see Typhus. 
 
 ILES, Flanks. 
 
 IL'EUS, Ei'leos, from ei\c(ii, 'I twist or con- 
 tract.' Co'lica Ileus seu spasmod'ica, Enterele'sia, 
 Enterelu'sis, Ileus spasmod'icus, Chordap'sns, 
 Passio Ili'aca, Iliac or lleac Passion, Vol'vidus, 
 Ileo'sis, ilisere're mei, Gonvol'vulus, Tornien'ttim, 
 Intercep'tio Iiitestino'rum, Enterosieno'sis volvulus, 
 (F.) Colique de ITisericorde, 0. de Bliserere. A 
 disease, characterized by deep-seated pain of the 
 abdomen, stercoraceous vomiting, and obstinate 
 constipation. It is occasioned hy hernia or other 
 obstruction to the passage of the fa3ces through 
 a part of the intestinal canal, Enterosteno'sis. The 
 term Ileus has been applied to various affections 
 — to simple nervous colic, intussusception, and to 
 strangulation of the small intestine, &c. Various 
 remedies have been employed; — the majority for 
 the purpose of procuring alvine evacuations, — as 
 purgatives, in draught, pill, or glyster; supposi- 
 tories, tobacco glj'sters ; pure mercury; leaden 
 bullets; antispasmodics and narcotics; blisters 
 to the epigastrium; ice by the mouth, or injected 
 into the rectum. Some of these have, occasion- 
 ally, succeeded, — especially the tobacco glyster, 
 and ice to the tumour, where the disease has been 
 occasioned by strangulated hernia. It is very 
 dangerous. 
 
 Ileus Flatus, Icterus — i. Icteroides, Icterus 
 — i. Inflammatorius. Enteritis. 
 
 ILEX AQUIFO'LIUM. The systematic name 
 of the Common Holly, Aquifo'lium, Agrifo'Uum, 
 vptiog of the ancients [?], (Prov.) Hollen, (Sc.) 
 Holyn, Holene, (F.) Houx, H. commun ou CJiSne 
 vert. Ord. Aquifoliacese. The leaves of this 
 plant have been recommended as tonic, astrin- 
 gent, and antiseptic, and have been prescribed in 
 atonic gout, intermittents, dyspepsia, &o. Il'i- 
 cine, the active principle, has also been advised. 
 It is obtained by dissolving the alcoholic extract 
 of the leaves of the holly in water, and succes- 
 sively treating it with the subacetate of lead, sul- 
 phuric acid, and carbonate of lime. The filtered 
 and evaporated product is then dissolved in alco- 
 hol ; and the mixture filtered and evaporated in 
 shallow vessels. 
 
 Ilex Cassine, Ilex vomitoria. 
 
 Ilex Major. From the berries of this tree, 
 called bj'' the Spaniards Bellotas, a juice may be 
 expressed, which forms a slightly astringent 
 emulsion with water, and has been recommended 
 by some Spanish physicians in humid cough, hae- 
 moptysis, &c. 
 
 Ilex Mate, Ilex paraguensis. 
 
 Ilex Opa'ca, American Holly, grows through- 
 out the Atlantic portion of the United States. It 
 is said to possess the same properties as the Eu- 
 ropean variety. 
 
 Ilex VxnkGx\'Eyi'Bis,Vihur'nitm Imviga'tnm. seu 
 Cassinoi'des, Cassi'ne Pera'gua seu Carolijiia'va, 
 I. Mate; a native of Paraguay. It affords the 
 celebrated Mattee, or Hate, Folia Apnlachines seu 
 Pera'gua, which is drunk in place of the Chinese 
 tea by the people of Paraguay. By M. Lenoble, 
 of Montevideo, the mate is referred to Psora'lea 
 glandulo'sa. 
 
 Ilex Vomito'ria, /. Cnsi'ne, Cassi'na, Da- 
 nonn holly, Apalach'iiie GalHs, South-Sea Tea, 
 Ev'ergreeii Cassi'ne, Cassee'na, Yanpon, Yopon, 
 (F.) The des Apalaehes, Houx Apalachine, Apa- 
 lachine, The de la 3Ier du Sud, A tree, indige- 
 nous in the southern parts of the United States. 
 
ILIA 
 
 4 90 
 
 ILLI 
 
 The leaves, -when dried, are aromatic, stimulant, 
 stomachic, and expectorant, and are used as a 
 tea. When fresh, they are emetic and cathartic. 
 ILIA, Flanks. 
 
 ILIAC. IH'acus, Il'iaJ, (F.) lUaque, from Ilia, 
 'the flanlis.' Relating to., or connected with, the 
 flanks. 
 
 Iliac Arteries, Arte'ria Hi'acce. This term 
 has been given to several arteries. The Primary 
 Jliaes, (F.) A. Iliaques primitives, — Pelviernrales, 
 (Ch.) arise from the bifurcation of the aorta, op- 
 posite the body of the 4th lumbar vertebra, and 
 descend, in a divergent manner; imtil, opposite 
 the sacro-iliac .«ymphysis, they divide into two 
 considerable trunks, — the internal Iliac or hypo- 
 gastric (which see), and the external Iliac — Por- 
 tion Iliaque de la crnrale, (Ch.) This proceeds 
 from the sacro-iliac juncture as far as the crural 
 arch, when it assumes the name Femoral Artery. 
 Before passing under the arch it gives off two 
 pretty considerable branches, — the Epigastric, 
 and the Circtimflexa Ilii. This last, which is 
 called, also, anterior Iliac by some anatomists, — 
 Circonflexe de I'Eium, (Ch.); leaves the external 
 iliac at the crural arch. It ascends along the 
 outer edge of the iliaeus muscle, and divides into 
 two branches — an internal and an external. 
 
 The Iliaca Inter'na 3Iinor seu Ilio Inmhcd'is is 
 a small artery, which sometimes arises from the 
 hypogastric; at others, from the beginning of the 
 gluteal. It is sent, chiefly, to the psoas and ilia- 
 eus internus muscles. 
 
 Iliac Crest, Crista P'ii, is the upper margin 
 of the ilium. (F.) Crete Iliaque. It is very thick, 
 and curved like the Italic S. It affords attach- 
 ment to the broad muscles of the abdomen. 
 
 Iliac Fossae are two in number; the internal, 
 the depression presented by the ilium on its inte- 
 rior, and at the upper part in which the Iliaeus 
 internus is lodged : — and the external, an excava- 
 tion on the outer surface of the same bone, occu- 
 pied by the Glnfai mtiscles. 
 
 Iliac Muscle, Internal, Ili'acus internus 
 Muscle, Iliaeus, Iliaco-trochanterien (Ch.) ; Pe- 
 7nur moven'titim seji'tinms, Iliac muscle, is situate 
 in the fossa iliaca, and at the anterior and supe- 
 rior part of the thigh. It is broad, radiated, tri- 
 angular : and is attached, above, to the two upper 
 thirds of the fossa iliaca, and to the internal part 
 of the iliac crest: — below, it terminates by a ten- 
 don, which is common to it and the psoas mng- 
 nus, and is fixed into the lesser trochanter. AVhen 
 this muscle contracts, it bends the pelvis on the 
 thigh, and conversely. It is also a rotator of the 
 thigh' outwards, and prevents the trunk from 
 falling backwards. 
 
 Iliac Passion, Heus. 
 
 Iliac Regions, liegio'nes ili'ac(p, Inan'ia, are 
 the sides of the abdomen between the ribs and 
 the hips. 
 
 Iliac Spines, Spinous Proc"esses of the Ilium, 
 are four in number. They are distinguished into 
 anterior and posterior. Of the anterior, one is 
 superior. It bounds the crista ilii anteriorly, and 
 affords origin to the sartorius muscle. The other 
 is inferior, and receives the tendinous origin of 
 the rectus femoris. 
 
 The two Posterior Iliac Sjoines are divided, 
 lilse the anterior, into supterior and inferior. 
 They afford insertion to strong ligaments, which 
 unite the ilium with the sacrum. 
 
 ILIACO-TROCHANTERIEN, Iliaeus inter- 
 nus. 
 
 ILIACUS, I. internus — i. Externus, Pyramid- 
 alls. 
 
 ILIADUS, Ilech. 
 
 ILIAL, Iliac. 
 
 ILIASTER, Ilech. 
 
 ILIASTRUM, Ilech. 
 
 ILIXGOS, Vertigo. 
 
 ILIO. In composition, relating or appertain- 
 ing to the ilium. 
 
 ILIO-ABDOMINAL, Obliquus internus abdo- 
 minis — i. Aponevrosi-femoral, Fascia lata muscle 
 — i. Costal, Quadratus luraborum— ?'. Crexti-tibinl, 
 Sartorius — i. Femoral, Coxo-femoral — i. Hj'po- 
 gastricus (nervus), Musculo-eutaneoiis nerve, su- 
 perior — i. Inguinal, Musculo-cutaneous nerve, 
 inferior — i. Ischii-troclianterien, Glutseus mini- 
 mus — i. Lomho-costo-abdominal, Obliquus in- 
 ternus abdominis — i. Lumbalis, Ileo-lumbar, see 
 Iliac arteries — i. Zumbi-costal, Quadratus lumbo- 
 rum — i. Lumbo-vertebral ligament, Ileo-lumbar- 
 ligament. 
 
 IL'IO-PECTINE'A, Peo-pectineal, belonging 
 to the ilium and to the pecten or pubis. 
 
 Ilio-Pectineal Eminence is so called from 
 being formed by the junction of the ramus of the 
 ilium with that of the pubis. It affords attach- 
 ment to the psoas minor. 
 
 Ilio-Pectinea Lin'ea, Linea innomina'ta, is 
 the projecting line or ridge of the ilium and jm- 
 bis, which forms part of the brim of the pelvis. 
 
 ILIO-PRETIBIAL, Sartorius. 
 
 Ilio-Psoi'tis, from Ilium, 'the ilion,' t//ont. 
 'the loins,' and itis. denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of the ilium and psoas muscle. 
 
 ILIO-P UB 0- COSTO-ABD OJIINA L, Obli- 
 quus externus abdominis — i. Rotulien, Rectus fe- 
 moris — i. Sacral, Sacro-iliac — i. Sacral articula- 
 tion, Sacro-iliac articulation — i. Sacro-femornl, 
 Glutaeus major — i. Scrotal nerve, Musculo-cuta- 
 neous, superior — i. Troehanierien, Gluteus me- 
 dius — i. TrocJianterien petit, Glut£eus minimus. 
 
 IL'ION, Il'ium, Il'eum, Haunch, hone. The 
 largest of the three bones which constitute the 
 OS innominatum in the foetus and child. It was 
 probably so called from its seeming to support 
 the intestine ilion ; or, perhaps, because its crest 
 is curved upon itself, from tiAtw, 'I twist,' 'I 
 roll.' This portion of the os innominatum is 
 usually so called in the adult. The posterior 
 surface is called Dorsxim, the internal Venter. 
 The upper semicircular edge is the Crista or 
 Spine, at the anterior part of which is the ante- 
 rior and snp)erior spinorts process; and, below, 
 the anterior and inferior spinous process. At the 
 back part of the spine are two spinous processes, 
 the posterior and s^qjerior, and posterior and in- 
 ferior. See Iliac. 
 
 ILITIIY'IA, Ei^£[9uia, Luei'na, Juno Lueina. 
 The goddess who presided over parturient fe- 
 males, with the Greeks and Romans. 
 
 ILIUM, Ileum, Ilion. 
 
 IL'KESTOX, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Ilkeston is in Derbyshire, England, about eight 
 miles from Nottingham. The water contains 
 carbonates of lime and soda, chloride of calcium, 
 sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of soda, carbonic 
 acid, sulphohydrie acid, and a little iron. 
 
 ILL, Sick. 
 
 ILLACRYMATIO, Epiphora. 
 
 ILLECEBRA, Sedum — i. Major, Sedum tele- 
 phium. 
 
 ILLECEBRUM POLYGOXOIDES, Achyran- 
 thes repens — i. Vermiculare, Sedum. 
 
 ILLEGIT'IMATE, Illegifimus, from il, in, 
 'negation or opposition,' and legitimus, 'legiti- 
 mate:' from lex, legis, 'law.' Bastard. That 
 which is contrary to law: which has not the con- 
 ditions required by law, as an illegitimate birth 
 — one out of wedlock ; base-born, love-begot, love- 
 child. 
 
 Illegitimate or Bastard is also applied to 
 diseases — -as fevers, whose progress is anomalous. 
 See False. 
 
 ILLI, see Strabismus. 
 
ILLICIUM ANISATUM 
 
 491 
 
 IMPETIGO 
 
 ILLICIUM ANISA'TUM, from ilUcere, 'to 
 allure.' Yell.oio-flowered Anise, An'iseed Tree, 
 Star Anise, Ani'sum stella'tnin seu Sinen'se, Se- 
 men Badian, (F.) Anis de la Chine, A. etoile, 
 Badiane. Onl. Magnoliacese. Sex. Syst. Poly- 
 andria Polygynia. The seeds are used like the 
 aniseed. The same tree is supposed to furnish 
 the aromatic bark, called Cortex Ani'si Stella'ti, 
 Cortex Lavola. 
 
 Illicium Anisatum is said to furnish much of 
 the so called Oil of Anise, used iu the United 
 States. 
 
 Illicium FLORinA'Nnir, Florida Anise Tree, 
 Star Anise, Sweet Laurel. An evergreen shrub, 
 the bark, leaves, &c., of which have a spicy odour 
 like anise, and might be used for it. 
 
 Illicium Parviflo'rum, a shrub of the hilly 
 regions of Georgia and Carolina, has a flavour 
 closely resembling that of sassafras root. 
 
 ILLIDES, see Strabismus. 
 
 ILLINITIO, Inunction. 
 
 ILLISIO, Enthlasis. 
 
 ILLITIO, Inunction. 
 
 ILLITUS, Inunction. 
 
 ILLNESS, Disease — i. Monthly, see Menses. 
 
 ILLOS, Eye, see Strabismus. 
 
 ILLO'SIS, Ilo'sis, from iWog, 'squinting.' 
 Distortion of the eyes. Strabismus. 
 . ILLUSIO SENSUS, Hallucination. 
 
 ILLUSION, Hallucination. 
 
 ILLUTAMENTUM, see lUutatio. 
 
 ILLUTA'TIO, from il, in, 'upon,' and Intum, 
 'mud.' A word used, by the aneients, for the 
 act of covering any part of the body with mud, — 
 illutamen'tam — with therapeutical views. 
 
 ILOSIS, Illosis. 
 
 IM. In composition, generally means the 
 same as in; occasionally, however, it has the 
 privative sense of vn. 
 
 IMAGINA'TION, Jmagina'tio, Figura'tio, 
 Plianta'sia, Dianoe'ma, from imago, imaginis, 
 'image.' The faculty of forming in the mind an 
 assemblage of images and combinations of ideas 
 ■which are not always in connexion with external 
 objects. 
 
 IBIBALSA3TATT0N, Embalming. 
 
 IMBECIL'ITY, Imhecil'litas, Stupid'itas, He- 
 hetu'do an'imi, Oligopsych'ia, (P.) ImhecilUte. 
 Weakness, especially of the intellect; incohe- 
 rency ; Imhecil'litas mentis. 
 
 IMBECILLIS, Infirm. 
 
 IMBECILLITAS INGENII, Idiotism, Imbe- 
 cility — i. Mentis, Idiotism, Imbecility — i. Ven- 
 triculi, Gasterasthenia. 
 
 IMBELLIS AD VENEREM, Frigid. 
 
 IMBER'BIS, Imher'hus, Agenei'os, Apo'gon, 
 from im, in, 'negation,' and larba, 'beard.' One 
 devoid of beard. 
 
 IMBIBITIO, Absorption, Imbibition. 
 
 IMBIBIT"ION, Tmbibif'io, Emp'osia, Aspira- 
 tion, from imbihere {in, and hibere), 'to drink, to 
 imbibe.' The action, by which a body becomes 
 penetrated by a liquid. See Endosmose. Many 
 of the phenomena of absorption are owing to 
 imbibition. 
 
 Imbibition, Double, Endosmose. 
 
 IMBOWELLING, Exenterismus. 
 
 IMBREX NARIUM, Septum narium. 
 
 IMBRICARIA SAXATILIS, Lichen saxatilis. 
 
 IMMERSUS, Subscapularis muscle. 
 
 IM'MINENCE, Imminen'tin, from immineo {im, 
 and mineo), 'to hang over.' Staying over, or 
 upon ; impending. Some authors have desig- 
 nated, by this term, the period which precedes 
 th-e invasion of a disease; when certain indica- 
 tions foretell its approach. 
 
 IMMINENCE 3I0RBIDE, Diathesis, Predis- 
 position. 
 
 IMMISSIO CATHETERIS, Catheterismus. 
 
 IMMISSOR, Catheter. 
 
 IMMOBILITAS, Acinesia— i. Pupillje, Amau- 
 rosis. 
 
 IMMODERANTIA, Intemperance. 
 
 IMMODERATIO, Intemperance. 
 
 IMMOVABLE APPARATUS, see Apparatus, 
 immovable. 
 
 IMMUTANS, Alterative. 
 
 IMPACTED, Wedged. 
 
 IMPACTION, Impac'tio, from impingcre {in, 
 and ]}angere, pactum, 'to drive in'), 'to strike 
 against,' ' a collision.' A fracture of the cranium, 
 ribs, or sternum, with depression of some of the 
 fragments and projection of others externally. 
 See Ecpiesma. 
 
 IMPA'TIENS BALSAMI'NA, Balsam weed, 
 Touch-me-not. Ord. Balsaminacefe. This pro- 
 bably resembles the other species in its pro- 
 perties. 
 
 Impa'tiens Fulva and I. Pal'lida, Touch- 
 me-not, Jewel weed. Balsam weed. Slippers, CeV- 
 andine, QiiicJc-in-the-hand, Weath'ercocks, Snap- 
 weed ; called from the sudden bursting of the 
 pods when touched. Indigenous plants, having 
 tender, juicy, almost transparent stems, and 
 yellow flowers, which appear in July and August. 
 It is found in low, moist ground, in every part of 
 the Union. The properties are probably the same 
 as those of 
 
 Impa'tiens Noli-i\ie-tan'gei?e of Europe, which 
 has an acrid taste, and acts as an emetic, cathar- 
 tic, and diuretic. 
 
 IMPATIENTIA VESICA, Cysterethismus. 
 
 IMPEDIMENTUM, Emphragma. 
 
 IMPEBA TOIRE, Imperatoria. 
 
 IMPERATO'RIA, /. Ostru'thimn, SeH'nnm 
 ostrii'thium seu Imperato'ria, Angel'ica officina'lis, 
 Astruthium, Ostrnthium, Astran'tia, Mugistron'- 
 tia, j\lasterwort, (old F.) Austniehe, Impcrntoire. 
 Ord. Umbelliferse. The roots of this plant were 
 formerly considered divi'num remed'ium. They 
 are merely aromatic and bitter, and are not used. 
 
 Impep>atoria Sylvestris, Angelica sylvestris. 
 
 IMPERFORATE, Atretus. 
 
 IMPERFORATIO, Imperforation — i. Ani, 
 Atresia ani adnata, Proctatresia — i. Pupilla?, 
 Synezizis — i. Uteri, Metratresia. 
 
 IMPERFORA'TION, from im, ' privative,' jaer, 
 'through, 'and/o/ at e.'to bore.' Imperfora.'tio,Atre'- 
 sia, Alretis'mus, Cap'etus. Absence of a natural 
 aperture; as, of tho mouth, anus, vulva, nostrils, 
 &c. It is congenital, being dependent upon faulty 
 conformation. 
 
 IMPERFORATION BE L'ANUS, Atresia 
 ani adnata. 
 
 IMPE'RIAL. A pleasnjit, cooling drink, formed 
 of hitartrate of potassa, 5ss; one lemon, cut into 
 slices; white sugar, tbss : and water, Oiij. Let 
 the mixture stand for half an hour, and strain. 
 
 IMPETIGINOSITAS, Impetigo. 
 
 IMPETIG"INOUS, Impetigiuo'sns, (F.) Impi- 
 tigineux. Same etymon as the next. Having 
 the nature of, or relating to, impetigo. 
 
 IMPETI'GO, from impieto, 'I invade.' Impett- 
 ginos'itas, Barta, Ber'bia, hn'petus, Peti'go, Ec- 
 pi/e'sis seu Phlysis impeti'gn. Lepra Sqnn- 
 mo'sa. Running Scall or Tetter, Crnsted, Pustular 
 or Humid Tetter or Scall, Cowrap, (F.) Dartre, 
 D. criistacSe ou croHteuse, Lepre hnmide, Mcli. 
 tagre. A word used in various acceptations. 
 AVith some writers it is s.ynonymous with itch. In 
 others, it means a variety of herpes. Sauvages 
 employs it as a generic term, under which he 
 comprises syphilis, scorbutus, rachitis, elephanti- 
 asis, the itch, tinea, scrofula, &e. It forms, also, 
 a genus in the class Cachexies of Cullen. In 
 Bateman, it is the first genus of the 6th order, 
 PustulcB, and is defined — the humid or running 
 tetter; consisting of small pustules, denominated 
 
IMPETUM FACIENS 
 
 492 
 
 INCISIVE 
 
 Psydracia. It is unaccompanied bj' fever; not 
 contagious, or communicable by inoculation. He 
 has five species: — the /. figara'ta, I. sparsa, 
 J. enjaiiielato'des, I. scab'ida, and /. rodens. See 
 Psoriasis. _ . 
 
 Impetigo Excorticativa, Ichthyosis — i. Fi- 
 gurata, Porrigo lupinosa — i. Pellagra, Pellagra 
 — i. Ulcerata, Zerna. 
 
 IMPETUM FACIENS, Enormon. 
 IMPETUS, Impetigo, Paroxysm. 
 IMPLACENTAL, see Placenta. 
 IMPLIOATIONES RETICULAP.ES NER- 
 VOPbUM, Plexus nervorum. 
 
 IMPLIC'ITI MORBI, TmpHca'ti seu compH- 
 eti'ti Moi-bi, horn im, 'in,' and jAico, 'to fold.' 
 Diseases, which exist in an organ; and produce, 
 concurrently, disorders in other organs. 
 
 IMPLUVIUM, Embrocation, Bath, shower. 
 IMPOSTHUME, Abscess. 
 IM'POTENCE, Acrati'a, Jmpoten'lia, I. gene- 
 raadi, Agenne'sia, Agen'nesis, Igna'via seu Ig- 
 nnv'itas partnim genita'Uum, (F.) Jmpuissance ; 
 from im, ' privative,' and potens, ' able.' Loss of 
 power over one or more of the members. Com- 
 monly, it means want of sexual vigour; inca- 
 pacity for copulation; and chiefly on the part of 
 the male. Astys'ia, Asti/ph'ia, Asijno'dia, Ady- 
 numia viri'Us. It has, also, been used synony- 
 mously with sterility. Impotence may be abso- 
 lute or relative, constitutional or local, direct or 
 indirect, permanent or temporary. 
 
 IMPOTENTIA, 7\.dynamia, Impotence — i. Ge- 
 neranrli. Impotence. 
 
 IMPOVERISH KD, Effe'tus, Depaupiera'lns, 
 (F.) Appauvri. 'Having become poor;' origi- 
 nally from (L.) panpcr, (F.) pauvre, 'poor.' The 
 Humorists applied this epithet to a humour, de- 
 prived of a part of its constituents, and particu- 
 larly to the blood. This fluid was considered to 
 be impoverished when it was pale, without the 
 proper consistence, and abounding in serum. It 
 was, on the contrary, rich, in their opinion, when 
 of a scarlet colour; possessing consistence ;_ when 
 it coagulated promptly, and the quantity of 
 serum, compared with that of the clot, was by no 
 mean* considerable. 
 
 IMPR^GNATIO, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 IMPREGNATION. Fecundation. Pregniincy. 
 IMPRESSIBILITY, see Sensibility— i. Great, 
 HyperKsthesis. 
 
 'iMPPtES'SION, Impres'sio (in, and premere, 
 pressum, 'to press'), Pros'bole, (F.) Empreinte. 
 A more or less deep indentation which certain 
 organs seem to make on others. Inequalities 
 observable on Ihe bones, which appear to be 
 made by the subjacent organs. 
 
 Impues'sions "I)ig"itai., Impressio'nes digita'tcB 
 cra'nii, Fofism dlgita'les, are the depressions of 
 various forms, observable at the inner surface of 
 the cranium, which look, at first view, as if they 
 were made with the fingers.^ 
 
 IMPRESSIONABILITE, see Sensibility. 
 IMPU'BER, Lnpn'bcs, Impu'bis, Aiie'bns, Cn- 
 pllla'tiis, from in, 'negation,' tind puber, 'at the 
 age of puberty.' (F.l Impnbere. One who has 
 not attained the age of puberty. 
 IMPUBES, Impuber. 
 IMPUDICUS, see Digitus. 
 IJf PUISSANCE, Impotence. 
 IMPULSE, DIAS'TOLIC, Impul'sus diastoU- 
 ieus, Back stroke of the heart. A jog or stroke 
 which has been termed the 'ba.ck stroke,' felt at 
 the end of each pulsation, and which would seem 
 to be owing to the refilling of the ventricles. 
 Impulse op tiifs Heart, see Heart. 
 IMPULSION DU GCEUR, see Heart. 
 IMPURITATES ALVIN^, FiBces. 
 INANIA, Iliac regions. 
 INANITIATED, see Inanitiation. 
 
 INANITIA'TION, Inanitia'tio, same etymon 
 as the next. The act of being exhausted for 
 want of nourishment. One so exhausted is said 
 to be inanit"iated. 
 
 INANIT"ION, Inanit"io, Inan'itas, from ina- 
 nire, inanitum, 'to empty.' Ceno'sis. Exhaus- 
 tion for want of nourishment. To die from in- 
 anition is to die from exhaustion. 
 
 INAPPETENTIA, Anorexia, Dysorexia. 
 INARTICULATIO, Enarthrosis. 
 INAURA'TION, Inaura'tio, from in, and ati- 
 ritm, 'gold.' The gilding of pills or boluses. 
 INCANTAMENTUM, Charm. 
 INCANTA'TION, Incanta'tio, Incantamen' - 
 turn, Ep'ode, from in, and cantare, cantatum, ' to 
 sing,' — for example, a magical song. A mode of 
 curing diseases by charms, &c., defended by Para- 
 celsus, Van Helmont, and others. 
 
 INCARCERA'TIO, Chatonnement, Incarcera- 
 tion — i. Intestinorum interna, Enteremphraxis 
 — i. Intestinorum, Enteroperistole. 
 
 INCARCERA'TION, Incarcera'tio, from in, 
 'in,' and career, 'prison.' Hernia is said to be 
 'incarcerated,' Hernia incarcera'ta, when, owing 
 to constriction about the neck of the hernial sac 
 or elsewhere, it cannot be reduced with facility. 
 Incarceration is sometimes used in the same sense 
 as strangulation. 
 
 I'NCAR''NAl!iS,Tncarnati'vns,Sarco'ticus,Stal'- 
 ticus, Plero'ticus, Anaplero'ticiis, Sarcot'ic, from 
 in, and caro, carnis, 'flesh.' Medicines, which 
 were fancied to promote the regeneration of the 
 flesh. Certain bandages and sutures have, also, 
 been so called. 
 
 INCARNATIO, Incarnation —i. Unguium, 
 Onychogryphosis. 
 
 INCARNA'TION, Incama'tio, same etymon. 
 Growth of flesh or granulations. 
 INCARNATUS, Carneous. 
 
 INCEN'DIUM, from incendere (in, and cau- 
 dere), 'to burn.' Pyrcm'a, nvpKata, Causis, Phlo- 
 go'sis. A burning fever or anj' burning heat. — 
 Incen'dium febri'le, Incen'sio. — Willis. Inflam- 
 mation, Phlegmon. 
 
 Incendium Spontaneum, Combustion, human. 
 INCENSIO, Incendium. 
 INCENTIVUM, Stimulant. 
 INCERA'TION, Incera'tio, Encero'sis, from 
 in, and cera, ' wax.' The act of incorporating 
 wax with some other body; or, rather, the ope- 
 ration whose object is to communicate to a dry 
 substance the consistence of wax. 
 
 INCERNIC'ULUM, from incernere (in, and 
 cernere), ' to sift.' A strainer or sieve. 
 INCESSIO, Bath, half, Semicupium. 
 INCESSUS, Walking. 
 
 INCIDEN'TIA, from ineidere, incisum (in, and 
 ccBdere), 'to cat.' (F.) Incisifs. This name was 
 formerly given to medicines to which was attri- 
 buted the property of cutting thick or coagulated 
 humours. The fixed alkalies, hydrosulphurets 
 of alkalies, sulphurous water, Ac, were con- 
 sidered to belong to this class. 
 
 INCINBRA'TION, Inciuera'tio, Cinera'tion, 
 Cinefac'tio, from in, and cinis, cineris, 'ashes.' 
 In pharmacy, a process by which animal or vege- 
 table substances are reduced to ashes. 
 INCINCTA, Pregnant. 
 INCISIFS, Incidentia. 
 
 INCISIO, Cut, Incision — i. Simplex, Ilaploto- 
 mia. 
 
 INCIS'ION, Incis'io. En'copie, Incisu'ra, Inci'- 
 sus. Tome, (F.) TaiUade. Same etymon as Inci- 
 dentia. A methodical division of soft parts with 
 a cutting instrument. 
 
 INCI'SIVE, Incisi'vits, Inciso'rius-, Fossa inci- 
 si'va seu myrtifor'mis, is a depression in the supe- 
 rior maxillary bone, above the incisor teeth. 
 
INCISIVUS MUSCULUS 
 
 493 
 
 INDEX 
 
 I.vcisivE BoxE, Intermaxillary bone — i. Canal, 
 see Palatine canals. 
 
 Incisive Nerve, Nervus ineisi'vus. A branch 
 of the inferior dental nerve, which supplies the 
 incisor teeth. 
 
 Incisive Teeth, Inci'sor Teeth, Den'tes inci- 
 so'res seu tom'ic! seu denes sen dicJiaste'res seu 
 (felasi'ni seu primo'res seu raao'rii. The teeth 
 which occupy the anterior part of the upper and 
 lower jaws are so called, because they are used 
 for cutting the food in the manner of cutting in- 
 struments. The two middle incisors of the upper 
 jaw are, at times, called Butter teeth. 
 
 INCISIVUS (MUSCULUS), Levator labii su- 
 perioris proprius — i. Inferior, Levator labii infe- 
 rioris — i. Lateralis et pyramidalis, Levator labii 
 superioris alseque nasi — i. Medius, Depressor alaj 
 nasi. 
 
 INCISOR TEETH, Incisive teeth. 
 
 INCISO'RIUM, Tomi'on. An operating table. 
 A scalpel. 
 
 INCISORIUS,^ Incisive. 
 
 INCISUPvA, Echancrure, Incision — i. Crucia- 
 lis, Crucial Incision — i. Isehiadica Major, Sciatic 
 notch, greater — i. Isehiadica Minor, Sciatic notch, 
 lesser — i. Lienalis, Ililus lienalis — i. Renalis, 
 Hilus renalis — i. Scapularis, Notch, scapular — ■ 
 i. Septi, see Ventricles of the brain. 
 
 Incisu'ea Trag"ica, Notch of the Concha. A 
 wide, deep and rounded notch, which separates 
 the tragus from the antitragus. 
 
 INCISURES DE SANTORINI, Santorini, 
 fissures of. 
 
 INCISUS. Incision. 
 
 INCITABILITY, Irritability. 
 
 INCITAMENTUM, Stimulus. 
 
 INCITANS, Stimulant. 
 
 INCITATIO, Stimulation. 
 
 INCI'TO-MOTOR, (F.) Incito-moteur. An epi- 
 thet, applied to an action the reverse of excito- 
 uiotor: as in the case of muscular motion, which 
 commences in the nervous centres and excites 
 the muscles to contraction. 
 
 INCLAVATIO, Gomphosis, see Wedged. 
 
 INCLINATIO. Decline— i. Coeli, Climate. 
 
 INCLUSION, MONSTROSITY BY, Emboife- 
 ment. 
 
 INCLUSUS, see Wedged. 
 
 INCOCTUS, see Crudity. 
 
 INCOHE'RENCE. Incohe'rency, (F.) Anaco- 
 Itithie, lieoasserie ; from in, 'negation, co, con, 
 cum, 'with,' and harere, 'to stick.' Want of de- 
 pendence of one part on another. The condition 
 of the mental manifestations in dementia, <fee. 
 
 INCOxMPAT'IBLE, from in, 'negation,' and 
 cmiipetere, ' to agree.' A substance, which can- 
 not be prescribed with another, without inter- 
 fering with its chemical composition or medicinal 
 activity. 
 
 INCONTINEN'TIA, from in, 'negation,' and 
 contineo, '1 contain;' Anepis' chests. 'Inconti- 
 nence.' 'Inability to retain the natural evacua- 
 tion.' Abuse of the pleasures of love. 
 
 In-continentia Alvi, Diarrhoea — i. Urinse, 
 Enuresis, Scoracrasia. 
 
 INCORPORA'TION, Incorpora'tio, Corpora'- 
 tio, Ensomato'sis, Metensomato' sis, from in, and 
 corpus, corporis, ' a body.' An operation, by 
 which medicines are mixed with soft or liquid 
 bodies, in order to give them a certain consist- 
 ence. Also, the thorough admixture of various 
 substances. 
 
 INCRASSAN'TIA, Incrassaii'va, Itiviscan'- 
 tin, Spissan'tiri, Ecpyc'iica, Condensan'tia, Pa- 
 rhi/n'tica, Pycnot' !ca, Pycnicmas'tiea, from in, 
 and crassns, ' thick.' Medicines which were for- 
 merly believed to possess the power of thickening 
 the humours, when too thin. All mucilaginous 
 substances were so regarded. 
 
 INCRASSATIVA, Incrassantia. 
 
 IN'CREASE, Incremen'tum, Auxis, Auoce'sis, 
 from in, and crescere, 'to grow.' (F.) Accroisse- 
 vient. Augmentation of the size or weight of a 
 body, by the application of new molecules around 
 those which already exist. 
 
 INCREMENTUM, Augmentation, Growth, 
 Increase. 
 
 INCRUCIATIO, Decussation. 
 
 INCRUSTA'TION, hicru-ta'tio, from in, and 
 crusta, 'a crust;' Coni'asis. The act of forming 
 a crust on the surface of a body, as well as the 
 crust itself. Also, the calcareous deposits or 
 cartilaginous plates, which sometimes form in 
 organs. 
 
 INCUBATIO, Incubation. 
 
 INCUBA'TION, Ineuha'tio, Incnlifio, Incn'- 
 hitus, from incubare, incnbitnm, {in, and cvbare,) 
 'to lie upon.' This word, which is used in natu- 
 ral history for the sitting of birds upon their 
 eggs, is employed, figuratively, in medicine, for 
 the period that elapses between the introduction 
 of a morbific principle into the animal economy 
 and the invasion of the disease. 
 
 INCUBITIO, Incubation. 
 
 INCUBITUS, Incubation. 
 
 INCUBO, Incubus. 
 
 IN'CUBUS. Same etymon. In'cnho, EpiaV- 
 fes, Ephial'tes, I. nocfur'nus, Hypnoj-ihoh'ia, Epi- 
 lep'sia nocturna, Asthma noctur'num, Pniyal'ion, 
 Suc'cxibus, Oneirodyn'ia grnvans, Erethis'nnta 
 oneirodyn'ia, Noctur'na oppres'sio, Epib'ule, Bn- 
 bnzica'rius. Nightmare, Wildmare, Riding-hag, 
 (Prov.) Bitch-daughter, Hella, (F.) Cauehemnr, 
 Cauchevieille, Cochemar, Oneirodynie gravative. 
 Same etymon. A sensation of a distressing 
 weight at the epigastrium during sleep, and of 
 impossibility of motion, speech, or respiration; 
 the patient at length awaking in terror, after ex- 
 treme anxiety, Nightmare is often the efi'eet of 
 difficult digestion or of an uneasy position of the 
 body. At other times, it occurs in consequence 
 of severe emotions. The sensation of suffocation 
 was formerly ascribed to the person's being pos- 
 sessed, and the male spirits were called incubes — 
 the female succubes. The disease requires no 
 particular treatment. The causes must be avoided. 
 
 IXCUBUS Vigilan'tium, Ephial'tes vigilan'- 
 tium, E. hypochondri' acn, Bay mare. This is pro- 
 duced during wakefulness; the sense of pressure 
 being severe and extending over the abdomen; 
 respiration frequent, laborious, and constricted; 
 eyes fixed; sighing, deep and violent; intellect, 
 undisturbed. 
 
 INCUNABULA, Swathing clothes. 
 
 INCUNEATIO, Gomphosis, see Wedged. 
 
 INCU'PlABLE, Incurab'ilis, Rem'ediless, Irre- 
 me'diable, Insanab'ilis, Anal'thes, Anaces'tos, 
 Atherapeu'tus, from in, negative, and cura, cure. 
 Not susceptible of cure ; — applied to both patients 
 and diseases. 
 
 IN CURIA, Acedia. 
 
 INCURSUS ARTERIARUM, Pulse. 
 
 INCURVATIO, Gryposis. 
 
 INCUS, genitive, Incu'dls, (in, and cudo, 'I 
 hammer,') 'an anvil.' Aonon, Os inca'di sim'ile, 
 Ossic'nlum Incudi seu mola'ri denti compara'tum, 
 (F.) Enclume. One of the small bones of the 
 ear, so called from its fancied resemblance to a 
 smith's anvil. It is situate in the cavity of the 
 tympanum, between the malleus and orbiculare. 
 Its body is articulated with the malleus; its 
 horizontal ramus, which is the shortest, corre- 
 sponds with the entrance of the mastoid cells; 
 and its vertical ramus is articulated with the os 
 orbiculare. The incus is composed of a compact 
 tissue, and is developed from a single point of 
 ossification. 
 
 INDEX, Di(j"itu8 index seu secun'dus seu salti- 
 
INDIAN ARROW WOOD 
 
 494 
 
 INFANS 
 
 iator'ius, Demonstra'tor, Indica'tor, Tndicato'riiis, 
 Li'chanos, Deic'ticos, from indicare, 'to point 
 out.' The forefinger, index finger. See Digitus. 
 
 INDIAN ARROW WOOD, see Euonyuius — 
 i. Paint, Hydrastis Canadensis — i. Piiysie, Gille- 
 nia trifoliata — i. Physio, small-flowered, Gillenia 
 stipulacea. 
 
 INDIAN SPRINGS, see Georgia,, Mineral 
 waters of. 
 
 INDIA'NA, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 medicinal spring, near Jeffersonville, is much 
 frequented. Its waters are strongly impregnated 
 with sulphur and iron. 
 
 IN'DICANT, In'dicana, Endeic'ticos, (F.) Tn- 
 dientif. Same etymon as index. Any thing 
 which, in the course of a disease or in what pre- 
 cedes or accompanies it, concurs in pointing out 
 the means to be used for its cure. 
 
 INDICATIF, Indicant. 
 
 IN'DICATING DAYS, Dies In'dices seu In- 
 dicato'rii seu Indican'tea seu Contemplan'tes, (F.) 
 Jours indicateurs. Hippocrates and others have 
 thus called the middle day of the septenary; be- 
 cause they imagined, that indications were some- 
 times given then of the crisis which would occur 
 in the last day of the septenary. 
 
 INDICATION, Indicn'tio, Acciisa'tio, Dela'- 
 tio, JEndeix'is, Eiidex'is, Docthemat' icum Semei'oii. 
 The object proposed in the employment of any 
 means which are had recourse to for the cure of 
 disease. It may also be defined— the manifesta- 
 tion afforded by the disease itself of what is pro- 
 per to be done for its removal. 
 
 INDICATOR, Extensor proprius indicis, see 
 Digitus, and Index. 
 
 INDICUM, Indigo. 
 
 INDICUS COLOR, Indigo. 
 
 INDIGENCE. Want. 
 
 INDIG"ENOUS, Indi;/'ena, 'Inborn.' From 
 i.'.du, obsolete for 'in,' and (/eno, obsolete for 
 gigno, ' I generate.' Whatever is native in a 
 country, in opposition to exotic ; as an indigenous 
 remedy, indiqenous disease, &c. 
 
 INDIGESTION, Dyspepsia — i. Alkaline, see 
 Dyspepsia — i. Neutral, see Dyspepsia. 
 
 INDIGITATIO, Intussusceptio. 
 
 INDIGNABUNDUS, Rectus externus oeuli. 
 
 INDIGNATORIUS, Rectus externus oculi. 
 
 IN'DIGO, Indigum, In'diciint, Iiidicus color, 
 Pigmen'tum In'dicum. A dye-stuff, in small solid 
 masses, of a deep azure blue colour, and devoid 
 of smell and taste. It is obtained, by a fermenta- 
 tive process, from Indigofera anil, ([. svffrnli- 
 co'sa,) I. argen'tea, (I. articida'ta seu lincto'ria 
 seu glau'ca seu colora'ta,) and /. tincto'n'a seu 
 In'dica, and is sometitnes used by the apothe- 
 cary for colouring certain preparations. It has 
 likewise been administered internally, of late, in 
 spasmodic diseases, especially in epilepsy. The 
 dose may be at first grains, but it may be ele- 
 vated to drachms. 
 
 Indigo, False, (Tall White,) see Sophora 
 tinetoria. 
 
 INDIGO, FA UX, Galega oflScinalis— i. Weed, 
 Sophora tinetoria. 
 
 Indigo, Wild, Sophora tinetoria — i. Yellow, 
 Sophora tinetoria. 
 
 INDIGOFERA, see Indigo, Sophora tinetoria. 
 
 INDIGUM, Indigo. 
 
 INDISPOSIT"ION, Mala disposif'io, Dys- 
 phor'ia, (F.) Malaise. From in, 'negation,' and 
 disponere, dispositiim, ' to put in order.' A 
 slight functional disturbance, which may scarcely 
 bear the name of disease. A feeling of sickness — 
 eensus cBgritu'dinis ; vulgarly an all-overish feeling. 
 
 IN'DOLENT, In'dolens, from in, privative, and 
 dolere, ' to be in pain.' Exhibiting little or no 
 pain. An epithet particularly applied to certain 
 tumours. 
 
 INDOLENTIA, Anodynia. 
 
 IN'DOLES. A natural disposition or character. 
 
 Indoles An'imi. The natural disposition or 
 character of mind. 
 
 Indoles Mokbi. The nature or character of a 
 disease. 
 
 INDOSYNCLONUS, Beriberi. 
 
 INDUC'TIO, Apago'ge, from induccre, {in, 
 and diicere, dvctum, ' to lead.') A word used es- 
 pecially for the action of extending a plaster upon 
 linen. 
 
 INDUCULA, Waistcoat, strait. 
 
 INDUMENTUM CORDIS, Pericardium — i. 
 Nervorum, Neurilemma — i. Ventriculorum, Epen- 
 dyma ventriculorum. 
 
 INDU'RANS, {in and durus, 'hard.') Sde- 
 rot'icus, Sclenui'iicus, Scleryn'ticus. A medicine 
 which hnrdens the parts to which is applied. 
 
 INDURATIO, Induration — i. Intestinorura, 
 Enteropathia cancerosa — i. Maligna, Scirrhus — 
 i. Renum, Nephroseleria — i. Tela; cellulosas neo- 
 natorum, see Induration — i. Ventriculi scirrhosa, 
 Gastroscirrhus. 
 
 INDURA'TION, Indnra'tio, Sderys'ma, Scle- 
 rys'mvs, C'allos'itas, Iiidnrescen'tia, Poro'ma, Po- 
 ro'sis, (F.) Endurcissement. The hardness which 
 supervenes, occasionally, in an inflamed part. It 
 is one of the terminations of inflammation, and is 
 owing to a change in the nutrition of the part. 
 
 Induration of the Are'olar or Cellular 
 Tissue, Indura'tio celhUo'sa, Induratio seu Op- 
 pila'tio telcB celhdo'sfB neonato' rum, Eihmyplioty- 
 lo'sis, CEde'ma neonato'rwn. Compact (Ede'ma of 
 Infants, Oat'ochus Ltfan'tum, Selere'mia, Sclere'- 
 ma, Selero'ma, Scleroder'ma, Cutis tensa chron'- 
 ica, Dermatoperisclero'sis, Derinatoperisclerys- 
 mus, Halonii'tis, Phlegmasia celUda'ris, Scirrho- 
 sxtr'ca neotiato'rum, Scleri'asis neonato'ruin, Scle- 
 ro'sis, Stipia'tio tela cellulo'scB Infantum, Skin- 
 bound Disease, Skin-bind, Skin-tight, Hidebound, 
 (F.) Endurcissement du tissu cellulaire ; CEdeme 
 da tissu cellulaire des nouveau-nes, As2^hyxie lenfe 
 des nouveau-nes, is a disease which attacks infants 
 a few days after birth, and which Chaussier pro- 
 posed to call Sclereme, from axXripof, 'hard.' 
 
 The Induration of the areolar tissue of the adult, 
 Sclerosteno'sis cuta'nea, has been regarded as the 
 result of inflammation of the corium, Chorioni'tis. 
 
 Induration of the Brain, Sclerencephalia — 
 »'. Grise, see Hepatization. 
 
 INDURESCENTIA, Induration. 
 
 INDU'SIUM, Chitonis'cos. Strictly, 'a shirt,'* 
 'a small tunic' Some have so called the amnion 
 
 INE'BRIANT, Ine'brians, Phantas'ticus; from 
 in and ebrio,'I intoxicate.' Intoxicating. An 
 agent that intoxicates. 
 
 INEBRIATION, Temulentia. 
 
 INEBRIATION QUINIQUE, Quininism. 
 
 INEDIA, Fasting. 
 
 INER'TIA, from in, 'negation,' and ars, artis, 
 'art,' Igna'via, Ener' vitas. Sluggishness, in- 
 activity. 
 
 Iner'tia of the Womb, (F.) Inertie de la ma- 
 trice. The diminution and even total cessation 
 of the contractions of the uterus during labour; 
 as well as the species of languor into which it 
 sometimes falls after the expulsion of the foetus. 
 
 INERTIE PAR EPUISEMENT, see Partu- 
 rition — i. de la Matrice, Inertia of the womb. 
 
 INESIS, Cenosis. 
 
 INETHMOS. Cenosis. 
 
 IN EXTREMIS, Psychorages. 
 
 IN'FANCY, Infan'tia, from in, 'negation,' and 
 fans, from fori, 'to speak.' Early childhood. 
 Childhood; Nt'piotes, Paidi'a, (F.) Enfance. !(■ 
 generally includes the age from birth till the 
 seventh year. See Age. 
 
 INFAISrS, Pai'dion, Ne'pios, (Sc.) Gaitling, 
 
INFANTIA 
 
 495 
 
 INFLAMMATION 
 
 Gytling, (Old Eng. and Prov.) Barn; (So.) 
 Bairn, (F.) Enfant. An infant, a baby, a child, 
 one in infancy. In law, one who has not attained 
 the age of legal capacity ; which is, in general, 
 fixed at twenty-one years. 
 
 Inpans recens natbs, Nouveau-ne. 
 
 INFANTIA, Infancy. 
 
 INFAN'TICIDE, Infantici'dium, Tecnocton'ia, 
 Child-murder, from infans, 'a child,' and cesdere, 
 ' to kill.' The murder of a child newly born, or 
 on the point of being born. It may be perpe- 
 trated by the mother, or by some other person, 
 either by commission, that is, in consequence of a 
 direct voluntary act ; — or by omission of those 
 cares which are necessary for the preservation of 
 the new-born. 
 
 INFARCTIO, Emphraxis. 
 
 INFARCTION, Emphraxis. 
 
 INFAR,CTUS, from in, and farcire, farcfiun, 
 ' to stuff.' Emphraxis. 
 
 IxFARCTUs Intestixohum, Entcremphraxis — i. 
 Hsemoptoicns Laennecii, see Haemoptysis — i. 
 Lactei extremitatum, Phlegmatia dolens — i. Lie- 
 nis, Splenoncus. 
 
 Infarc'tds Mammae Lac'teus, Lactis eoncre- 
 tio'nes, Nodi seu Thrombi lactei, Trichiasis lac- 
 tea. Knotty tumours of the female mammse, 
 owing to the accumulation and arrest of milk in 
 the galactophorous ducts. 
 
 IxFARCTUs Uteri, Metremphraxis. 
 
 INFECTIO PURULENTA, see Pyohajmia. 
 
 INFECTION, see Contagion. 
 
 INFECTIOUS, see Contagious. 
 
 INFECUNDITY, Sterility. 
 
 INFECUNDUS. Sterile. 
 
 INFER'NAL, Infer' nus; 'relating to hell.' A 
 name applied to caustic — Lapis Inferna'lis — on 
 account of its strong burning properties. 
 
 INFIBULA'TIO, Fibula'tio, Infibnla'tion, Anc 
 terias'mns; from fibula, ' a, clasp.' (F.) Boucle- 
 ment. An operation, formerly practised, which 
 consisted in passing a ring through the prepuce, 
 after having drawn it over the glans; — in order 
 to prevent coition. The ancients employed infi- 
 bulation with their gladiators to preserve all 
 their strength by depriving them of venery. In 
 the women, to preserve their chastity, the ring 
 was passed through the labia majora. 
 
 INFILTRA'TION, Infiltra'tio, from filtrare, 
 'to filter.' Eifusion. The passage or effusion of 
 a fluid into the areola3 of any texture, and par- 
 ticularly of the areolar membrane. The fluid 
 effused is ordinarily the Liquor sanguinis, sound 
 or altered — sometimes blood or pus, fmces, or 
 urine. When infiltration of a serous fluid is 
 general, it constitutes anasarca ; when local, 
 osdema, 
 
 INFILTRATION PURVLENTE, see Hepa- 
 tization. 
 
 INFINITES'IMAL, Infinites' imus, from in, 
 and yju('<i(s, ' limited.' Unlimited. An epithet em- 
 ployed by the homoeopathists for their endless 
 subdivisions of drugs : — the decillionth of a grain, 
 for example, is "an infinitesimal dose." 
 
 INFIRM, Infirm'us, Imbe'cillis, DeVilis, As'- 
 thenes, Hi/poc' rates, from in, negative, und firmus, 
 'firm.' Not firm or sound ; weak; feeble. 
 
 INFIRMARIUM, Hospital. 
 
 KSTFIRMARY, Hospital. 
 
 INFIRMATORIUM, Hospital. 
 
 INFIRMIER (F.), from infi.rmus, (in, negative, 
 and firmus.) Infirma'rius, Nosoc'omus, Cura'tor 
 infirrno' rum. One employed in an hospital or in- 
 firmary to take care of the sick. 
 
 INFIRM'ITY, Infirm'itas, Astheni'a, Arrhos'- 
 tia, Invaleta'do. Any disease which has become 
 habitual, either owing to its chronic character, 
 or its numerous relapses. 
 
 INFLA'MED, (Old Eng.) Flamed, Infiamma'- 
 
 tns, (F.) Enfiamvie, Phlogose, — Phlogo'sed, ac- 
 cording to some. Same etymon as inflammation. 
 Afi'ected with inflammation. 
 
 INFLAMMABLE AIR, Hydrogen, carbu- 
 retted. 
 
 INFLAMMATIO, Inflammation, Phlegmon— 
 i. Abdominalis, Encoelitis — i. Articuli Maxillae 
 Inferioris, Hyposiagonarthritis — i. Auris, Otitis — 
 i. Bronchiorum, Bronchitis — i. Ca;ci, Tj'phlo-en- 
 teritis— i. Capsulse lentis, Phacohymenitis — i. Ce- 
 rebelli, Cerebellitis — i. Clitoridis, Nymphitis — i. 
 Conjunctivae, see Ophthalmia — i. Corneas, Cera- 
 titis — i. Coxa3, Osphyitis — i. Crouposa, Croupy 
 inflammation — i. Cystidis fellete, Cholecystitis — 
 i. Debilis, see Inflammation — i. Epiglottidis, 
 Epiglottitis — i. Erj'sipelatosa, Erysipelatous in- 
 flammation — i. Fauoium, Cynanche, Isthmitis — i. 
 Gastritis, Gastritis — i. Genas, Gnathitis — i. Gense, 
 Melitis — i. Gingiva;, Ulitis — i. Glandularum lym- 
 phaticarum, Hydradenitis — i. Glandularum lym- 
 phaticarum. Lymphadenitis- — i. Glandularum sub- 
 lingualium, Ilypoglossiadenitis — i. GultBjffisopba- 
 gitis— i. Hepatis, Hepatitis — i. Hepatis lenta, He- 
 patitis (chronic) — i. Interna, Empresma — i. Intes- 
 tinorum, Enteritis — i. Iridis, Iritis — i. Jecoris, He- 
 patitis — i. Laryngis, Laryngitis — i. Lienis, Spleni- 
 tis — i. Ligamentorum, Syndesmitis — i. Linguae, 
 Glossitis — i. Mediastini, Mesodmitis — i. Medullte 
 Spinalis, Myelitis — i. Musculi psoas, Psoitis — i. 
 Musculorum, Myositis — i. Musculorum abdomi- 
 nalium, Myocoeliitis — i. Nervorum, Neuritis — i. 
 Oeulorum, Ophthalmia — i. (Esophagi, Oesophagi- 
 tis — i. Omenti, Epiploitis — i. Ossis, Ostalgitis — i. 
 Ovarii, Oaritis — i. Palati, Hyperoitis — i. Pancre- 
 atis. Pancreatitis — i. Parenchymatica, Parenchy- 
 matitis — i. Parotidum, Parotitis, Cynanche paro- 
 tidjea — i. Pectoris acuta, Pneumonia — i. Pera- 
 cuta, Hyperphlogosis, Hyperphlegmasia — i. Peri- 
 cardii, Pericarditis — i. Periostei, Periostitis — i. 
 Periostei orbitfB, Periorbitis — i. Peritonasi, Peri- 
 tonitis — i. Pharyngis, Cynanche pharyngea — i. 
 Phrenitis, Phrenitis — i. Pleurae, Pleuritis — i, 
 Pneumonica, Pneumonia — i. Pulmonum, Pneu- 
 monia — i. Renum, Nephritis — i. Renum suc- 
 eenturiatorum. Paranephritis — i. Retinae, Dictyi- 
 tis. Retinitis — i. Scleroties, Sclerotitis — i. Scroti, 
 Oschitis — i. Septi transversi, Diaphragmitis — i. 
 Sinuura frontalium, Metopantritis — i. Stomachi, 
 Gastritis — i. Superficiei internae cordis, Endocar- 
 ditis — i. Telge cellulosce, Ethmyphytis — i. Telse 
 fibrosee, Inohymenitis — i. Testium, Hernia hii- 
 moralis — i. Tonsillarum, Cynanche tonsillaris — i. 
 Tunicte hyaloidese, Hyalitis — i. Tympani, Tym- 
 panitis — i. Urethra, Gonorrhoea — i. Uteri, Me- 
 tritis — i. Uteri catarrhalis, see Metritis — i. Uteri 
 et Peritonaai, Metroperitonitis — i. Uvulae, Uvuli- 
 tis — i. Vasorum, Angeitis — i. Vasorum lymphati- 
 corum, Angeioleucitis — i. Ventriculi, Gastritis — i. 
 Ventriculi et intestinorum, Gastro-enteritis — i. 
 Vesicas, Cystitis — i. Vesicae felleae, Cholecystitis. 
 INFLAMMA'TION, Inflamma'tio, from in, 
 and finmma, 'flame,' ' fire ;' Phleg'mone, Phhgo'. 
 sis, Ecphlogo'sis, Epiphleg"ia, Exap'sis, Phleg- 
 ma'sia, Causo'ma, Empres'ma, Phlo'gia, Hyi^eren- 
 dosmose (Dutrochet), Inceii'dium, HyperhcEmato' - 
 sis, Hyperm'mia acti'va, Phleboplero'sis ecphrac'- 
 tica, (F.) Angiite, is so called in consequence of 
 the acute or burning pain felt in a part affected 
 with it. An irritation in a part of the bodj' is oc- 
 casioned by some stimulus; — owing to which the 
 blood flows into the capillary vessels in greater 
 abundance than natural, and those vessels become 
 over-dilated and enfeebled; whence result pain, 
 redness, heat, tension, and swelling; symptoms 
 which appear in greater or less severity, accord- 
 ing to the structure, vital properties, and func- 
 tions of the part afi'ected, and its connexion with 
 other parts, as well as according to the constitu- 
 tion of the individual. 
 
IXFLAMMATION DBS AMTGDALES 4 9 6 
 
 INFLUENZOID 
 
 Simple accumulation of blood in the capillaries 
 of the part is hypercsmia, not inflammation. The 
 latter requires, in addition, altered nutrition 
 either of the vessels themselves, or of the sur- 
 rounding tissues, or of both. 
 
 The inflammations of the areolar and serous 
 membranes greatly agree; — and those of the 
 muciius and skin ; the former being more active, 
 and constituting the p7ile(/monous ya.Tiety : — the 
 latter, the erythematic or erysipelato^is. Of this 
 variety is the diffusive inflammation produced by 
 morbid poisons, — as during dissection, -where so- 
 lutions of continuity exist on the fingers of the 
 operator. It is seen, too, in workers in bone, and 
 hence has been called hone fever. Preparatory to 
 the turning of bones, it is customary to macerate 
 them in water. The fluid soon becomes putrid, 
 and if the hands be kept in it diffusive inflam- 
 mation results. Inflammation may end by reso- 
 lution, suppuration, gangrene, adhesion, effusion, 
 or induration. Each of the inflammations of in- 
 ternal organs has received a name according to 
 the organ affected; — as, gastritis, cephalitis, en- 
 teritis, hepatitis, <tc. Besides the above inflam- 
 mations, it has been considered, that there is an 
 instinctive kind established for the union of parts 
 which have been divided, whether the union 
 takes place immediately, or by the aid of an in- 
 termediate body. This is the adhesive inflam- 
 mation of some; but it may well be questioned 
 whether inflammation is ever desirable in such 
 cases. See Adhesion, Callus, Cicatrix. Brous- 
 sais considered that the term inflammation should 
 include every local exaltation of the organic 
 movements which is sufficiently great to disturb 
 the harmony of the functions, and disorganize 
 the texture in which it is situate. He farther 
 extended the name inflammation to irritations 
 which do not induce disorganization of the tex- 
 tures, and which had been previously, and are 
 still, called /euec*. 
 
 Examination of the blood drawn always exhi- 
 bits an increase of the fibrinous elements — the 
 average proportion of which, in healthy blood, is 
 about three in the thousand. In inflammation, it 
 at times rises as high as ten. In fevers unaccom- 
 panied with inflammation, the proportion is natu- 
 ral, or below the average; but whenever inflam- 
 mation supervenes, it immediately rises. 
 
 External inflammation is easily detected by the 
 characters already mentioned : — internal, by dis- 
 turbance of function and pain upon pressure; but 
 the last sign is often not available. Both forms 
 require the removal of all irritation, and the re- 
 duction of vascular excitement and nervous irri- 
 tability : hence, blood-letting — local and general 
 — sedatives, refrigerants, and counter-irritants 
 become valuable remedies in almost all cases of 
 inflammation. 
 
 Inflammation is not always of the active kind. 
 There is a form, Tnflarnma'tio deh'ilis, which occurs 
 in low conditions of the system, and in broken 
 down constitutions, which, like many forms of 
 chronic inflammation, requires a stimulant, rather 
 than a sedative, mode of treatment. 
 
 INFLAMMATION BES AMTGDALES, 
 Cynanche tonsillaris — i. des Arteres, Arteritis — 
 i. of the Bladder. Cystitis — i. de la Bouche, Sto- 
 matitis — i. des Bronches, Bronchitis — i. dn Ccb- 
 cum, Typhlo-enteritis — i. of the Cfecum, Typhlo- 
 enteritis — i'. du, Cerveau et du Cervelet, Phrenitis 
 — i. dn Ccenr, Carditis — 7. dn Colon, Colitis — i. de 
 la Conjoncfive, see Ophthalmia — i. of the Dia- 
 phragm, Diaphragmitis — i. Diffusive, see Inflam- 
 mation — i. Diphtheritic, Diphtberitis — i. of the 
 Ear, Otitis — ■ ?. de I'jSpiglotte, Epiglottitis — i. de 
 I'Estomao, Gastritis — i. of the Eye, Ophthalmia — 
 i. du Foie, Hepatitis — i. des Gencives, Ulitis — i. 
 Genera], Synocba — i. of the Internal Membrane 
 
 of the Heart, Endocarditis — i. Internal, Empres- 
 raa — i. des Intestins, Enteritis — i. of the Iris, Iri- 
 tis — i. of the Kidney, Nephritis — i. de la Langue, 
 Glossitis — i. of the Larynx, Laryngitis — i. of the 
 Liver, Hepatitis — i. de la Lnette, Uvulitis — i. of 
 the Lungs, Pneumonia — i. of the Malpighian Bo- 
 dies, Kidney, Bright's disease of the — ?. des Ma- 
 raelles. Mastitis — )'. de la Matrice, Metritis — i. de 
 la Menihrane alceolo-dentaire, Periodontitis — i. 
 de la Jfembraite sereuse cejjhalo-rachidienne, Me- 
 ningitis — i. of the Jlesentery, Mesenteritis — i. de 
 la 3loelle epiniere ou rachidievne, Myelitis — i. 
 of the Mouth, pseudo-membranous. Stomatitis, 
 pseudo-membranous — i. of the Mouth, pultaceous, 
 AphthiE — ?'. des Muscles, Myositis — ;'. des N erf s, 
 Neuritis — ?. de I'CEil, Ophthalmia — i. de V Oreille, 
 Otitis — i. de I'Ovaire, Oaritis — r. du Palais, Hy- 
 peroitis — i. da Parenchyme pidmonaire. Pneumo- 
 nia — 7. de la Parotide, Cynanche parotidsea — i. 
 Pellicular, Diphtberitis — i. dn, Pericarde, Pe- 
 ricarditis- — i. of the Pericardium. Pericarditis 
 — i. du Peritoine, Peritonitis — i. of the Perito- 
 nasum, Peritonitis — i. of the Pleura, Pleuritis — ■ 
 i. de la Plevre, Pleuritis — i. des Poumons, 
 Pneumonia — i. du 3Iuscle psoas. Psoitis — i. de la 
 Rate, Splenitis — i. des Reins, Nephritis— =i. Spon- 
 goid, HEEHiatodes Fungus, see also Encephaloid — 
 i. of the Stomach, Gastritis — i. de la Testicule, 
 Hernia humoralis — i. of the Testicle, Hernia hu- 
 moralis — i. des Tissus Manes, Angeioleucitis — i. 
 of the Tongue, Glossitis — i. des Vaisseanx Lym- 
 pliatiqncs, Angeioleucitis — i. des Veines, Phlebi- 
 tis — i. de la Vesicule du Fiel, Cholecystitis — i.de 
 la Vessie, Cystitis — i. of the Womb, Metritis. 
 
 INFLAMMATIUN'CULA, Subinfamma'tio. 
 A superficial and often insignificant inflamma- 
 tion of the skin, as in many cutaneous affections, 
 
 i:\FLAM'MATOT,.Y, Inflammato'rins ; Phlog". 
 icus, Phlogo'des, Phlogis'ticus, Phlogis'tic, belong- 
 ing to inflammation ; — as, inflammatory tumour, 
 inflammatory fever, &a. The blood is said to be 
 inflammatory when cupped or buffed. See Co- 
 rium pblogisticum. 
 
 INFLAMMATORY BLUSH, Erythema. 
 
 INFLAMMATUS, Inflamed. 
 
 INFLATIO, Emphysema, Puffiness, Colica 
 flatulenta — i. Parotidum, Cynanche parotidsea — 
 i. Uteri, Phvsometra. 
 
 INFLEXIO, Campsis. 
 
 INFLUENCE, Influenza. 
 
 INFLUENTIA, Influenza. 
 
 INFLUENZA. The Italian for 'Influence.' 
 Influenza Europm'a, Infltien'tia, Catar'rhus epi- 
 dem'icus, C. a conta'gio, Fehris catarrTia'lis epi- 
 dem'ica, Rheuma epidem'icnm, Morbus Yerveci'- 
 nns seu Catarrha'lis seu Arie'tis, Syn'ochns seu 
 Deflvx'io catarrha'lis, Cejjhalal'gia contagio'sa 
 (epidemics of the 16th and 17th centuries) : (F.) 
 Tac, Qninte, Florion, Coqueluche, Baraqnette, Ge- 
 nerale. Grippe, Follette, Grenade, Coquette, Co- 
 cote, Petite Poste, Petit Courier, Allure, Ladendo, 
 Fievre catarrhale epidemique ; Influence, Epide- 
 mic catarrh. A severe form of catarrh occurring 
 epidemically, and generally affecting a number 
 of persons in a community. See Catarrh, e|iide- 
 niic. Gluge, from his investigations considers 
 that the following is the chronological order of 
 the return of the influenza: — 14th century, 132.3, 
 1326— 15th century, 1410, 1411, 1414— 16th cen- 
 turv, 1510, 1557, 1562, 1574, 1580, and 1593 — 
 17th century, 1658, 1669, 1675, 1693— 18th cen- 
 tury, 1708, 1712, 1729, 1732, 1733, 1742, 1743, 
 1761, 1762, and 1775— 19th century, 1800, 1S03, 
 1831, and 1833. To these may be added 1S37, 
 and 184.3. 
 
 Influenza Euhop^a, Influenza. 
 
 INFLUEN'ZOiD, Influenzo'i'des. An express- 
 ive but hybridous compound: from influenza, and 
 
INFO EMIT AS 
 
 49' 
 
 INFUSUM 
 
 tjiof, 'resemblance.' Resembling influenza. — Dr. 
 T. Thompson. 
 
 INFORMITAS, Deformation. 
 
 INFORTUNIUM, Contrafissura. 
 
 INFRA-ATLOID^US, Sub-atloidaus. 
 
 INFRA-AXOID^US, Sub-axoidseus. 
 
 INFRA-COSTALES, see Intercostal muscles. 
 
 INFRA-MAXILLARIS, Sub-maxillary. 
 
 INFRAMAXILLOSTERNODYMIA; Cepha- 
 losomatodymia. 
 
 INFRA-ORBITAR, Sub-orbitar. 
 
 INFRAPUBIAN LIGAMENT, Triangular li- 
 gament. 
 
 INFRA-SCAPULARIS, Subseapularis. 
 
 INFRA-SPINALTS, Infra-spinatus. 
 
 INFRA-SPINA'TUS, I^fraxpina'lis, from in- 
 fra, ' beneath,' and spina, ' spine.' Situate be- 
 neath the spine of the scapula. 
 
 Infra-Spin'a'ta Fossa, (F.) Fosse sons-epi- 
 nense. A large excavation on the posterior surface 
 of the scapula, beneath its spine. It is filled by the 
 
 Infra-SpixATUS Mtiscle, Grand Scopulo-tro- 
 chiterien, Super scapula' ris inferior (Ch.), (F.) 
 Sous-epineux,v!'hi(i''a is broad, flat, and triangular. 
 It is attached, by its base, to the three inner 
 quarters of the fossa ; and is inserted, by a long 
 tendon, into the middle part of the great tubero- 
 sity of the OS humeri (Troch'iter). It turns the 
 arm outwards, and, when the arm is elevated, 
 carries it backwards. 
 
 INFRINGENS, Corrigent. 
 
 INFUNDIB'ULUM, {in, and fundere, fusum, 
 ' to pour out.') A Funnel, Trilo'rium, Choa'ne, 
 Chonos, (F.) Entonnoir, — of which various kinds 
 are employed in pharmaceutical operations. A 
 name, given to many parts which, more or less, 
 resemble a funnel. See Proventriculus. It is par- 
 ticularly appropriated to the following organs: — 
 
 Infcndib'uluji of the Braim, Infundib'ulum 
 sen Pelvis seu Choa'na seu Cy'athus seu Scyphus 
 seu ConcJia seu. Laeti'na seu Em'bolum.sen AqiicB- 
 dnc'tus seu Labrum seu C'oncav'itas coiichuht'ris 
 seu Processus orhicida'ris Cer'ebri, (F.) Enton- 
 noir du ventricule moyen du cerveau, T!ge Pitui- 
 taire, T!ge sns-sphenoidale. A depression in the 
 inferior paries of the middle ventricle, above the 
 pituitary gland. It was, anciently, regarded as 
 a canal by which the fluid, collected in the ven- 
 tricles of the brain, was evacuated, and poured 
 into the nasal fossse. 
 
 Infdndibulum Cerebri, I. of the Brain. 
 
 Infundibulum of the Cochlea, /. Coch'lecp, 
 ScypTius Vieiisseyi'ii seu audito'riiis, Cucnl'lus, Ca- 
 na'lis Scala'rum commii'ni's. This, with the mo- 
 diolus, forms the nucleus around which the gyri 
 of the cochlea pass. It is an imperfect funnel, 
 the apex of which is common with that of the 
 modiolus; and the base is covered with the apex 
 of the cochlea, termed Cu'pola. 
 
 In Surgery, infundibula or funnels are used 
 to direct steam or vapours; to conduct the actual 
 cautery to certain morbid parts, &c. 
 
 Infundibulum of the Ethmoid Bone, or of 
 THE NassalFoss^. One of the anterior cells of 
 that bone, which is broad and expanded above, 
 and narrow below ; opening, above, into the fron- 
 tal sinus; below, into the anterior part of the 
 middle meatus of the nasal fossae. 
 
 iNFUNDiBFLrir OF THE Heart, Conus arterio- 
 sus — i. of the Kidney, see Calix — i. Lacrymale, 
 Lachrymal Sac — i. Tubarum Fallopii, see Tube, 
 Fallopian— ;i. Ventriculi, (Esophagus. 
 
 INFUSE, Infusion. 
 
 INFU'SION, Infu'sio, En'cJiysis, from infm- 
 dere (in, und fundere, fusum), 'to pour in,' ' to in- 
 troduce.' A pharmaceutical operation, which 
 consists in pouring a hot or cold fluid upon a sub- 
 stance whose medical virtues it is desired to ex- 
 tract. Infusion is, also, used for the product of this 
 32 
 
 operation. (F.) 7»/«»!'o?!, /(//((se. In Surgery, infu- 
 sion — C'hiriir'gia infuso'ria. Are clysrnat'ica nnva 
 — is the act of introducing into the veins medicinal 
 substances, by aid of an instrument called Infusor. 
 See Infusoir. This mode of introducing medi- 
 cines was called Ars infuso'ria. 
 
 Infusion of Axgustura, Infusum Cusparite 
 — i. of Bark, Infusum cin'chon.-B — i. of Buchu, 
 Infusum Diosnife — i. of Calumba, Infusum ca- 
 lumbfe — • i. of Cascarilla, Infusum cascarillaj — 
 i. of Catechu, Infusum catechu compositum — i. 
 of Cayenne pepper, Infusum capsici — i. of Cha- 
 momile, Infusum anthemidis — i. of Cinchona, 
 Infusum cinchonje — i. of Cloves, Infusum caryo- 
 phyllorum — i. of Cusparia, Infusum cuspariae — 
 i. of Dandelion, Infusum Taraxaei — i. of Fox- 
 glove, Infusum digitalis — i. of Gentian, compound, 
 Infusum gentianse compositum — i. of Ginger, In- 
 fusum Zingiberis — i. of Hops, Infusum humuli 
 — i. of Horseradish, compound, Infusum armora- 
 ciffi compositum — i. of Linseed, Infusum lint 
 compositum — i. of Matico, Infusum matico — i. 
 of Mint, compound, Infusum menthae compositum 
 — i. of Orange-peel, compound, Infusum aurantii 
 compositum — i. of Pareira Brava, Infusum Pa- 
 reirse — i.of Pinkroot,Infusum spigeliae — i.of Quas- 
 sia, Infusum quassise — i. of Rhatany,Infusum Kra- 
 merise — i. of Rhubarb, Infusum rhei — i. of the 
 Rose, Infusum rosse compositum — i. of Sar- 
 saparilla, Infusum sarsaparillEe — i. of Sassafras 
 pith, Infusum sassafms medullse — i. of Seneka, 
 Infusum Senegae — i. of Senna, Infusum sennse 
 compositum — i. of Simaruba, Infusum simaru- 
 b£e — i. of Slippery elm, Infusum ulmi — i. of 
 Thoroughwort, Infusum eupatorii — i. of Tobacco, 
 Infusum tabaei — i. of Valerian, Infusum Valeria- 
 nae — i. of Virginia snakeroot, Infusum serpenta- 
 rise — i.of Wild cherry, Infusum pruniVirginianse. 
 
 INFUSOIR (F.), Infu'sor. An instrument 
 for injecting medicinal substances into the 
 veins. It was a kind of funnel, the elongated 
 apex of which was stopped by a metallic rod, 
 which could be withdrawn when the apex was 
 introduced into a vein. 
 
 INFU'SUM, En'chyma. The product of an 
 infusion. 
 
 iNFtJSTiir AcACi.f; Catechu, I. catechu compo- 
 situm — i. Amarum vinosum, Vinum gentianse 
 compositum — i. of Angustura, I. eusparise. 
 
 Infusuji Axthem'idis, Hydrocharnairae'lum, 
 Infusion of Cham'omile. [Antltemid. for. §ss; 
 05. bullient. Oj. Macerate for ten minutes in a 
 covered vessel, and strain.) Dose, f^j to f^iss. 
 
 Infusum Armora'ci^ Compos'itum, /. Arrtio- 
 racicB (Ph. U. S.), Comjiound Infusion of Horse- 
 radish. {Armorac. coneis., sinapis cont., sing, 
 ^j ; aqucp. hnllient. Oj. Macerate for two hours, 
 and strain.) Dose, f^j to f5iij. 
 
 Infusuji Auran'tii Co.mpos'itum, Compound 
 Infusion of Orange Peel. (Aurant. cort. sice, ^ij ; 
 Union, cort. recent, ^j ; curyoph. cont. "^ss; aq. 
 fervent. Oss. Macerate for fifteen minutes, and 
 strain. — Ph. L.) Dose, f3iss to f.fij. 
 
 Infusum Brash, Wort — i. Buchu, Infusum 
 Diosmee — i. Bynes, Wort. 
 
 Infusum Calum'b^, /. Calom'ba seu Colomlm, 
 Infusion of Columba. [Calunib. rod. concis. ^ss; 
 aq. fervent. Oj. Macerate for two hours, and 
 strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, f §iss to ^iij. 
 
 Infusum Cap'siCI, Infusion of Cayenne Pepper. 
 [Capsic. in. pulv. crass, ^ss; aq. bullient. Oj. 
 Macerate for two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, f^^iss. 
 
 Infusum Cartophyl'li, Infusion of Cloves. 
 (Caryoph. contus. ^ij : aq. bullient. Oj. Mace- 
 rate for two hours, and strain.) Dose, f3iss to 
 
 Infusum Cascaril'l^, Infusion of Cascarilla. 
 (Cascarill. contus. ^ j ; aq. bullient. Oj. 
 
INFUSUM 
 
 498 
 
 INFUSUM 
 
 rate for two hours, and strain.) Dose, f^iss to 
 
 iNFUsujr Cassia Senn^, I. sennas compo- 
 situm. 
 
 Infcsum Cat'echu Compos'itum, I. Catechu 
 seu Aca'cia Catechu, Infusion of Catechu. (Cate- 
 chu, in pulv. ,^ss; cinnam. cont. 3J > ^1- 6"^^'«"'- 
 O.i. Macerate for an hour, and strain.) Dose, 
 f,^iss to f,^ij. 
 
 IxFUSUM Cincho'n^, /. CinchoncB lancifo'Um, 
 Infusion of Cinchona. (Cinch, contus. ^j ; aq. 
 fervent. Oj. Macerate for two hours, and strain.) 
 This infusion may also be made from the same 
 quantity of bark in coarse powder by the process 
 of displacement with hot or cold water. Dose, 
 f^j to f^iij. The Pharmacopceia of the United 
 States has an lufu'sum Cincho'na fiavce, Infusion, 
 of yellow bark, and an Infusnm CinchoncB rubrm. 
 Infusion of red bark, which are prepared in the 
 same manner. It has also an Infu'snm Cincho'nca 
 Compos'itum, which is made as follows : (Cinchon. 
 rubr. in pulv. ^j ; Acid. Suljih. aroniat. f^j ; 
 aqu(E, Oj. Macerate for twelve hours, occasion- 
 ally shaking, and strain.) Dose, same as the 
 last. 
 
 Infusum Cinchona Compositum, see Infusum 
 Cinchonae — i. Cinchonas flavae, see Infusum Cin- 
 chonae — i. Colombae, I. calumba. 
 
 Infusum Cuspa'ri^, /. Angustti'rm, Infusion 
 of Cuspa'ria. (Cuspar. cort. contus. §ss; nq. 
 bullient. Oj. Macerate for two hours, and strain.) 
 Dose, f^j to fgiij. 
 
 Infdsom Digita'lis, /. Digitalis purpu'reae, 
 Infusion of Foxglove. (Dk/ital. ^i; aq. bullient. 
 Oss ; tinct. cinnamomi, f^j. Macerate for two 
 hours, and add sp. cinnam. f5J.) Dose. f3J. 
 
 Infusum Dios'm^e, Ph. U. S., 1842, /. Buchu, 
 Ph. U. S., 1851, Infusion of Buchu. (Diosm. 
 §j ; aq. bullient. Oj. Macerate for two hours in 
 a covered vessel, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dose 
 fjiss. 
 
 Infusum Eupatc'rii, Infusion of Thorough- 
 wort. (Eupator. §j ; aq. bullient. Oj. Macerate 
 for two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dos' 
 fgij. 
 
 Infusum Gentia'n^ Compos'itum, Compound 
 Infusion of Gentian. (Gentian, eont. gss; Au- 
 rant. cort., Coriandr. contus. aa 3J j alcohol, dilut. 
 f^iv; aquce, f^xij. First pour on the alcohol, 
 and three hours afterwards, the water ; then ma- 
 cerate for twelve hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, f^j to f,^ij. 
 
 Marsden's Antiscorbu'iie Drops, an empirical 
 preparation, consist of a solution of corrosive sub- 
 limate in an infusion of gentian. 
 
 Infu'sum Hu'iruLi, /. Lu'puli, Infusion of 
 Hops. (Huinul. ^ss ; aq. bullient. Oj. Macerate 
 for two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, 
 f^iss to f3iij. 
 
 Infusum Junip'ert, Infu'sion of Ju'niper. The 
 common mode of making this infusion is by an 
 ounce of Juniper Berries to a pint of boiling 
 water. The whole may be taken in the twenty- 
 four hours. 
 
 Infu'sum Krame'rije, Infusion of Rhat'any. 
 (Kramer, contus. 5J ; aq. bullient. Oj. Macerate 
 for four hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, 
 f^iss. 
 
 Infusum Lini, I. L. compositum. 
 
 Infusum Lini Compos'itum (Ph. U. S., 1851), 
 I. Lini (Ph. U. S., 1842), /. Lini usitatis'simi. 
 Infusion of Linseed, Flaxseed Tea. (Lini sem. 
 cont. ,-^ss : glycyrrh. rad. cont. ^^ij ; aqnm bullient. 
 Oj. Macerate for two hours, and strain.) Dose, 
 a teacupful, ad libitum. 
 
 iNFusuir LupcLi, Infusum Humuli — i. Malti, 
 Wort. 
 
 Infusum Mati'co, Infusion of J/atico. (Jla- 
 tico, §ss (avoirdupois) ; aq. bullient. Oss (Imp. 
 meas.). Infuse for an hour, and strain. — Ph. D.) 
 Dose,, f^iss to f^ij- 
 
 Infusum Mentha Vir'idis, Infusion of Spear- 
 mint, Mint Tea. (MenthcB virid. ^\\j ; aq. bulli- 
 ent. Oss. Infuse for an hour, and strain. — Ph. D.) 
 Dose, f^j to f§iij. 
 
 Infusum Pakei'rje, Infusion of Pareira Brava. 
 (Pareir. ^vj ; aq. bullient. Oj (Imp. meas.). In- 
 fuse for two hours, and strain. — Ph. E.) Dose, 
 fgjorfgij. 
 
 Infusum Picis EMptreumatic^ Liquidje, see 
 Pinus sylvestris — i. Picis liquidum, see Pinus 
 sylvestris — i. Polj'galaj, Infusum Senegse. 
 
 Infusum Pruni Virginia 'n.«, Infusion of Wild 
 Cherry Bark. (Prun. Virginian, cont. §ss; 
 aquae, Oj. Macerate for 24 hours, and strain. — 
 Ph. U. S.) Dose, fgj to fgiij. 
 
 Infusum Quass'i^, /. Quassice excel's-w, Infu- 
 sion of Quassia. (Quassim lign. cont. ,^ij ; aq. 
 (frigid.) Oj. Macerate for twelve hours, and 
 strain.— Ph. U. S.) Dose, fgj to fgiv. 
 
 Infusum Rhei, An'ima lihei. Infusion of Rhu- 
 barb. (Rhei, cont. ^j ; aq. ferv. Oss. Macerate 
 for two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, 
 ■gj to fgiv. 
 
 Infcsum Pios^ Compos'itum, I.Rosa GaVhcas, 
 Infusion of the Rose. (Bos. Gallic, ^iv ; aq. bul- 
 lient, Oiiss ; acid, sulph. d. f,^iij ; sacch. purif. 
 ^^iss. Add the water, and afterwards the acid : — 
 macerate for half an hour; strain, and add the 
 sugar.— Ph. U. S.) Dose, f.^iss to Oss. 
 
 Infusum Sarsaparil'l^, Infusion of Sarsa- 
 parilla. (Sarsaparill. contus. 5J ; aqum bullient. 
 Oj. Digest for two hours in a covered vessel, 
 and strain. — Ph. U. S.) It may also be prepared 
 by displacement. Dose, f^ij to f^iv. 
 
 Infusum Sass'afras, /. Sassafras medxdl'cB, In- 
 fusion of -Sassafras Pith, llu'cilage of Sassafras 
 Pith. (Sassafras medull. Jj ; aqucB (frigid.), Oj. 
 Macerate for three hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) 
 An emollient collyrium, and a demulcent drink. 
 
 Infusum SEN'EGyE,/7i/(f8!(m Polyg' alee, Infusion 
 of Seneka. (Seneg. ^x ; aq. bullient. (Imp. meas.). 
 Infuse for four hours, and strain. — Ph. E.) Dose, 
 
 Infusum Senn^e, /. S. Compos' itum, I. CassicB 
 SenncB seu SenncB simplex. Infusion of Senna, 
 (Sennce, ^} : coriandr. cont. ^j ; aq. bullient. Oj. 
 Macerate for an hour, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, f^j to f,^iv. 
 
 The Black Draught, Black Dose, Black bottle, 
 Haustus niger, is usually formed of this infusion. 
 It may be made of infus. sennce, i^v ', aq. cinnam, 
 f^j; manncB, ^'iv ; magnes. sulph. ^vj. Dose, a 
 wineglassful. 
 
 Selway's Prepared Essence of Senna is a con- 
 centrated infusion of the leaves in combination 
 with an alkali. 
 
 Infusum Senn.e Compositum, I. sennae. 
 
 Infusum Serpent a'rijs. Infusion of Virginia 
 Snakeroot. (Serpentar. ^ss; aq. bullient. Oj. 
 Macerate for two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, f^iss. 
 
 Infusum Simaru'b.e, Infusion of Simaruba. 
 (Simarub. cort. eont. J^iij ; aq. fervent. Oj. Ma- 
 cerate for two hours, and strain. — Ph. E.) Dose, 
 
 fo.i to f^'J- 
 
 Infu'sum Spige'li^, Infusiori of Pinkroot, 
 j (Spigel. gss ; aq. bullient. Oj. Macerate for two 
 hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, f^iv to 
 Oss. 
 
 Infusum Tab'aci, Infusion of Tobacco. (Ta- 
 bacifol. 5J ; a q. ferv. Oj. Macerate for an hour, 
 and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Half of this per anum in 
 strangulated hernia. 
 
 Infusum Tarax'aci, Infusion of Dan' delion. 
 
INGA 
 
 499 
 
 INITIS 
 
 (Taraxac. contus. ^ij ; aq. lullieiit. Oj. Mace- 
 rate for two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, 
 f^iss, as a diuretic, &a. 
 
 Infusum Ulmi, Jnfits-fon of Slip'peri/ Elm, 
 Slippery Elm Tea. This preparation, in the 
 Pharmacopoeia of the United States, is made by 
 infusing one ounce of sVqipery elm hark in a pint 
 of boiling water. 
 
 Infusum Valeria'NvE, Infusion of Vale'rian. 
 (Rad. valerian, in crass, pulv. ^ss; aq. bullient. 
 Oj. Macerate for an hour, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, f,^iss to §ij. 
 
 Infusum Zinghd'eris, Infusion of Ginger, Gin- 
 ger Tea. (Zingih. contus. ^ss; aq. bullient. Oj. 
 Macerate for two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, f.^iss to f^ij, as a carminative. 
 
 INGA. A genus of plants, Ord. Legumi- 
 nosas, belonging to South America, many of the 
 species of which are possessed of astringent pro- 
 perties. Inga bark is used in South America as 
 a tonic astringent in diarrhoea, gonorrhoea, ifcc. 
 An extract, prepared from it, possesses all the 
 properties of rhatany. 
 
 INGEN'IUM {Morbi). The nature or genius 
 of a disease, from in, and geno, for gigno, ' to 
 generate.' This word is employed, especially by 
 the French, synonymously with nature. They 
 speak, for instance, of Genie injlammatoire, 
 bilieux, &c. Some, also, use genie in the place 
 of type of an intermittent. 
 
 INGES'TA, from in, and gerere, gestum, 'to 
 bear or carry into.' Substances, introduced into 
 the body by the digestive passages; as food, con- 
 diments, drinks, &o. 
 
 INGLU'VIES, Apiles'tia, Victus intemperan'- 
 tia: — Gluttony, Insatiableness ; also, the Crop or 
 Craw or Gorge of Birds, (P.) Jabot; and the^)-8t 
 ■ stomach or i^nuneh of ruminant animals — Pen'ula, 
 Rumen, Venter magnus, (F.) Pause, Herhier, 
 Double. Also, the Pharynx. 
 
 INGRAS'SIAS, APOPH'TSES OP. The 
 lesser alae of the sphenoid bone. 
 
 IN GRAVID ATIO, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 INGRAVIDATION, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 INGRESSUS SUPERIOR, Cardia. 
 
 INGUEN, Bubon, Bubo, 'the groin,' (Prov.) 
 Lank, Last, Lisk, Leak; ^dce'on, He'patis 
 emuncto'ria, (F.) Aine. The oblique fold or de- 
 pression which separates the abdomen from the 
 thigh. It is only, properly speaking, a line that 
 extends from the anterior and superior spinous 
 process of the ilium to the middle part of the 
 horizontal ramus of the pubis. Also, the genital 
 organs. 
 
 IN'GUINAL, Inguina'lis, from inguen, ingui- 
 fiis, 'the groin.' 'Belonging or relating to the 
 groin. This epithet has been given to various 
 parts met with in the region of the groin or in- 
 guinal region. 
 
 Inguinal Artery is that portion of the femoral 
 artery situate immediately beneath the crural 
 arch in the inguinal region. 
 
 Inguinal Canal is a canal, about two inches 
 in length, proceeding obliquely downwards, in- 
 wards and forwards at the lower part of the ab- 
 domen ; through which passes the spermatic cord, 
 in men, and the round ligament of the uterus in 
 women. This canal is formed, inferiorly and an- 
 teriorly, by the aponeurosis of the greater oblique 
 muscle ; posteriorly by the fascia transveraalis, 
 •which is joined to the preceding aponeurosis, and 
 forms with it a deep channel, into which are re- 
 ceived the lesser oblique and transversalis mus- 
 cles. The inguinal canal has two apertures; the 
 one, the loioer and inner, is called the inguinal or 
 abdominal ring. It is bounded by two strong 
 tendinous pillars which fix it — the innermost to 
 the symphysis, the outermost to the spine of the 
 pubis. The upper and outer aperture is formed 
 
 by the fascia transversalis. From the edge of 
 this aperture arises a membranous funnel, — a 
 prolongation of the fascia transversalis, — which 
 receives the spermatic vessels; forms their proper 
 sheath, and accompanies them as far as the tes- 
 ticle. On its inside lies the epigastric artery. 
 Above it, is the lower edge of the transversalis 
 muscle: and, below, it is bounded by the channel 
 of the greater oblique. By following the oblique 
 direction of this canal, and passing, consequently, 
 on the outside of the epigastric artery, the viscera 
 are displaced, so as to constitute internal inguinal 
 hernia. 
 
 Inguinal Re'gion, Re'gio inguina'lis, Bubo, 
 Inguen. The region of the groin. 
 
 Inguinal Ring, Abdom'inal Ring, An'nulua 
 abdom'inis, (F.) Anneau Inguinal, is the inferior 
 aperture of the inguinal canal. 
 
 IN'GUINO-CUTA'NEUS. A name given by 
 Professor Chaussier to the middle ramus of the 
 anterior branch of the first lumbar nerve, be- 
 cause it sends its numerous filaments to the groin, 
 scrotum, and to the skin of the superior part of 
 the thigh. 
 
 INH]:ERENS, Inherent. 
 
 INHALATIO, Absorption, Inhalation — i. Cu- 
 tis, see Absorption. 
 
 INHALA'TION, Inhala'tio; from in, and ha- 
 lare, 'to breathe.' The act of drawing air or va- 
 pour into the lungs — Inhala'tio pi^'^l'nona'lis. 
 Also, absorption. 
 
 INHA'LER. Same etymon. An apparatus 
 for inhalation, kludge's Inhaler is an apparatus 
 for inhaling the steam of hot water, in affections 
 of the air-passages. It consists of a pewter 
 tankard provided with a lid, into which a flexible 
 tube is inserted. Through this the vapour is 
 inhaled. 
 
 INHE'RENT, Inhcerens, {in, and htp.reo, 'I 
 stick.') That which adheres, or which is joined 
 or united to any thing. 
 
 Inherent Cautery, (F.) Cautire inherent, is 
 the actual cautery, left in contact with a part 
 until it is reduced to the state of a deep eschar. 
 
 INHUMA'TION, Inh^ima'tio, from inhumo, in- 
 humatus, {in, and humus,) '1 put into the ground.' 
 The sepulture of the dead. This belongs to the 
 subject of medical police. Also, digestion of 
 substances in earth or dung. See Areuatio. 
 
 INIAD, see Inial. 
 
 IN'IAL, from iviov, 'the nape of the neck.' 
 An epithet, proposed by Dr. Barclay, for an as- 
 pect towards the plane of the ridge of the occi- 
 put. Iniad is employed by him adverbially to 
 signify 'towards the inial aspect.' 
 
 INIENCEPH'ALUS, (F.) Iniencephale, from 
 iviov, 'occiput,' and i.-yKt'j)a\oi, 'encephalon.' A 
 monster whose encephalon is in great part in the 
 cranium, and in part out of it, behind, and a 
 little beneath the cranium, which is open in its 
 occipital portion. — I. G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 INIODYMUS, Diprosopus. 
 
 INION, iviov. Some of the Greek physicians 
 give this name to the occiput, or the ridge of the 
 occiput: others to the back part of the neck, and 
 the muscles of the occiput. Blancard says it is 
 the commencement of the spinal marrow. 
 
 INIOPS, Iniope, from tviov, 'occiput,' and ut//, 
 'the eye, face.' A monster, double above the 
 umbilicus, which has two ears very near each 
 other, or only one median ear, and above it, at a 
 greater or less distance, a median orbit and eye, 
 more or less imperfect. The rudimental face ap- 
 pearing to be directly opposite the principal face 
 suggested the name. — I. G. St. Hilaire% 
 
 INI'TIS, Inohymeni'tis, from tg, gen. ivog, ' a 
 fibre,' and itis, a sufiix denoting inflammation. 
 Fibrous inflammation. 
 
INITIUM 
 
 INITIUM, Arche— i. Asperaj arteriae, Larynx 
 — i. Extuberans Coli, Cfficum. 
 
 INIUM, iviov. The nucha. Also, the muscles 
 at the back of the neck. See Inion. 
 
 INJACULA'TIO, {in, and jaeulor, jaculatus, 
 'to shoot.') A term employed by Van Helmont 
 to designate an acute pain of the stomach, with 
 rigidity and immobility of the body. 
 
 INJECT'ED, Injec'tus, from injicere, injectnm, 
 (in, and jacere, 'to throw into.') The face and 
 other parts are said to be injected, when the accu- 
 mulation of blood in the capillary vessels gives 
 them an evident red colour. A subject or part 
 of a subject is also said to be injected, when its 
 vessels have been filled, by the anatomist, with 
 an appropriate composition. 
 
 INJECTION, Injec'tio, Els'hole: same ety- 
 mon. The act of introducing, by means of a sy- 
 ringe or other instrument, a liquid into a cavity 
 of the body. The liquid injected is also called an 
 injection. Anatomists use injections — Injeetio'- 
 n'es anatom'icm — for filling the cavities of ves- 
 sels, in order that they may be rendered more 
 apparent, and their dissection be facilitated. For 
 this purpose, they employ syringes of different 
 dimensions, and various materials. The most 
 common injections are made of soot, wa.x, and 
 turpentine, coloured with lamp-black, vermillion, 
 Ac. There are three kinds chiefly used by ana- 
 tomists, — the coarse, the fine, and the minute. 
 The following are formulas for each. 
 
 Coarse Ixjection. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 Pure yellow icax, oz. xvj. 
 
 Bleached rosin, oz. viij. 
 
 Turpentine varnish, by measure, oz. vj. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 Yelloiv rosin, lb. ij. 
 Yellow wax, lb. j. 
 
 Turpentine varnish, a sufficient quantity to 
 make the mixture flexible when cold. 
 
 No. 3. 
 Tallow, lb. ij. 
 White wax, oz. x. 
 Common oil, oz. vj. 
 Venice turpievtine, oz. iv. 
 Mix and liquefy over a slow fire or over boiling 
 water. 
 
 To make any of these mixtures. 
 
 Red — add vermillion, oz. iij. 
 
 Yellow — King's yellow, oz. iiss. 
 
 White — -hest flake white, oz. vss. 
 
 „ 1 , , f hest flake white, oz. iiiss. 
 
 Pale-blue { n •', , ;, 
 
 {fine blue smalt, oz. lusa. 
 
 Dark -blue — Line verditer, oz. xss. 
 
 Black — lamp-Hack, oz. j. 
 
 ( jMiodered verdiyris, OZ. ivss. 
 Green ■< best flake white, oz. iss. 
 
 {^powdered gamboge, oz. j. 
 
 Fine Injection. 
 
 Brown sjnrit varnish, oz. iv. 
 White spirit varnish, oz. iv. 
 Turpentine varnish, oz. j. 
 
 To make this mixture. 
 
 Red — add vermillion, oz. j. 
 Yellow - — • King's yelloxo, oz. jj. 
 White — hest flake white, oz. ij. 
 Tio-bt bl p i-fi"^ bhie smalt, oz. iss. 
 ° I hest flake white, oz. jj. 
 
 Dark-blue — blue verditer, oz. iv. 
 Black — lamp-hlack, oz. ss. 
 
 500 INNERVATION 
 
 Minute Injection. 
 
 Take of transparent size, broken to pieces, or 
 Isinglass, oz. viij. 
 Water, lb. iss. Dissolve. 
 
 To make this mixture, 
 
 Red — add vermillion, oz. v. 
 Yellow — King's yellow, oz. iv. 
 White — hest flake white, oz. v. 
 Blue — fine blue sntalt, oz. viij. 
 
 (powdered verdigris, oz. iij. 
 Green ■< hest Jlake white, dr. ij. 
 
 [^2^ovxlered gamboge, dr. j. 
 Black — lamp-black, oz. j. 
 
 Beautiful injections, are made with ether as 
 the menstruum. 
 
 Cold Injection. 
 
 White lead and red lead, each, oz. iv ; linseed 
 oil, enough to form a thick paste when they 
 are rubbed well together. Liquefy this paste 
 with turpentine varnish, oz. viij. 
 The advantage of this mixture is, that the sub- 
 ject need not be heated. 
 
 In order to inject the arteries, the injection 
 must be forced from the great trunks towards 
 their ultimate ramifications. To inject the veins, 
 on the contrary, it is indispensable, on account of 
 their valves, to send the injection from the smaller 
 divisions towards the greater. The lymphatics 
 are usually injected with mercury. The practi- 
 tioner injects, by forcing with a syringe, liquids, 
 such as emollient, narcotic, stimulant, and other 
 decoctions or infusions, into different hollow or- 
 gans, as the rectum, vagina, nasal fossaa, urethra, 
 tunica vaginalis, auditory canal, &c., to fulfil va- 
 rious therapeutical indications. 
 
 The following injection has been strongly re- 
 commended by Dr. Horner to preserve the dead 
 body. 
 
 Take of Liverpool, St. Uhea, 
 
 or Turk's Island Salt, oz. 36 avoird. 
 Nitrate of potassa, " 19 
 
 Carbonate of Soda, " 8 
 
 Molasses [Sugar-house,) " 4 by meas. 
 Water, six pints. 
 
 The saline constituents to be dissolved first of 
 all in boiling hot water; the molasses to be after- 
 wards stirred in ; the starch to be mixed well with 
 half a pint of cold water, and then to be stirred 
 in with the other articles. As soon as it begins 
 to boil, the whole mass swells up, when it must 
 be removed from the fire. On the proper reduc- 
 tion of temperature it is fit for use. 
 
 Injection, Matthews's, see Tinctura cantha- 
 ridis. 
 
 Injectiones Anatomic^, see Injection. 
 
 INK, Atramentum. 
 
 INKBERRY, Prinos glaber. 
 
 IN-KNEED, Entogonyancon. 
 
 IN'NATE, from in, and nascor, nafiis, ' I am 
 born.' Inborn. 
 
 Innate Diseases, J/or6i eonna'ti seu congen'- 
 iti, (F.) Maladies innees. Diseases with which 
 the infant is born. They are not always heredi- 
 tarv. as hereditary diseases are not always innate. 
 
 iNNERLEITII'EN, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. These springs, situate near the Tweed, and 
 supposed to be the scene of " St. Ronan's Weil," 
 contain chlorides of sodium and calcium, and 
 carbonate of magnesia. 
 
 INNERVA'TION, Innerva'tio, from in, 'in,' 
 and nervus, 'a nerve.' By this term is meant — 
 the nervous influence, necessary for the mainten- 
 ance of life and the functions of the various or- 
 gans : — an influence of whose character and source 
 
INNOMINATUM 
 
 501 
 
 INSCRIPTIONES 
 
 we are ignorant. Ifc seems to resemble tlie gal- 
 vanic or electric agencies. See Nerves. 
 
 INNOMINA'TUM, Anon' y mum, from in, 'ne- 
 gation,' and nomen, 'a, name.' (F.) Aiionyme. 
 Having no name. 
 
 Innomina'ta Arte'ria, Brachio-cephal'ic ar- 
 tery, Arte'ria anon'yma, Right Subclavian, (F.) 
 Artere innominee, Artere brachio-cephalique (Ch.), 
 is the trunk common to the right primitive carotid 
 and to the subclavian. It arises from the ante- 
 rior part of the arch of the aorta, ascends obliquely 
 to the right, along the trachea; and after a course 
 of about an inch in length, divides into two trunks, 
 which go off at right angles. The one is exter- 
 nal — the ricjht nuhclaviau proper/ the other sit- 
 2)erior — the primitive carotid, of the same side. 
 
 Innominata Cartilago, Cricoid. 
 
 Innominata Cav'itas. A cavity of the outer 
 ear, between the Jielix and anthelix. 
 
 Insojiinatum FoRA'MEJf. A foramen, near the 
 middle of the anterior surftice of the pars petrosa 
 of the temporal bone, leading backwards for the 
 passage of the Vidian nerve, reflected from the 2d 
 branch of the 5th to theportio dura of the 7th pair. 
 
 Inmomi.vata Fossa, see Fossa — i. Linea, see 
 Ilio-pectinea Linea. 
 
 Innominati seu Anonymi Nervi. Some ana- 
 tomists have thus called the nerves of the fifth 
 pair. 
 
 iNNOiriNATUM Os, Os Coxen'dicis seu Coxm seu 
 anon'ymum sen pelvis latera'le, (F.) Os innoruine, 
 Os Coxal, Os anonyme. A very largo, flat bone, 
 which forms the anterior and lateral paries of 
 the pelvis. It is curved upon itself in two op- 
 posite directions. In the first periods of life, it 
 is composed of three portions: — the ilium, ischi- 
 um, and pubis, which join each other in the ace- 
 tabulum. It is articulated before with its fellow, 
 — behind with the sacrum; and laterally vrith 
 the femur. 
 
 Innomixata Mino'ra Ossa, Lesser Ossa in- 
 nominata, Ossio'ula innomina'ta. Some anato- 
 mists have given this name to the three cuneiform 
 bones of the tarsus. 
 
 Inxomixata Ossicula, Innominata minora 
 ossa — i. Tunica Oculi, Sclerotic. 
 
 Innominatje Ven^, of Vieussens. Vieussens 
 has given this name to two or three veins, which 
 arise on the anterior surface and right margin of 
 the heart, and open into the auricle towards its 
 right margin. The term Ve.v^ Innominatje of 
 Meckel is given to the brachiocep>halie veins, 
 which are generally included in the description 
 of the subclavian vein, and correspond to the 
 arteria innominata, being formed by the union 
 of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian 
 properly so called, which correspond to the com- 
 mon carotid and subclavian arteries. 
 
 INNOMINATUS, Anonymous. 
 
 INNUTRITIO OSSIUM, Rachitis. 
 
 INOCULABLE. Same etymon as the next. 
 Capable of inoculation, or of being communicated 
 by inoculation. 
 
 INOCULA'TION, Inoeula'tlo, Insit"io, Insit"io 
 variola'rum, from inoculare, [in, and oculus, 'an 
 eye,') ' to ingraft.' Any operation by which 
 small-pox, for example, may be artificially com- 
 municated, by introducing the virus of the parti- 
 cular disease into the economy, by means of a 
 puncture or scratch made in the skin. When the 
 ■vord inoculation is used alone, it usually means 
 hat for the small-pox, — Variola'tion. See 
 ■jyphilization. 
 
 Inoculation, Cowpox, Vaccination — i. Jenne- 
 ian, Vaccination. 
 
 INOC'ULATOR, same etymon. In'sitor. One 
 who practises inoculation. 
 
 INODULAR TISSUE, see Tissue, inodular, 
 
 INODULE, Tissue, inodular. 
 
 INOHYLOMA, Tumour, fibrous. 
 
 INOIIYMENI'TIS : from n, gen. ivog, ' a fibre ,' 
 'vfxriv, 'a membrane,' and itis, denoting inflam- 
 mation. Inflamma'tio tel(B fbro'scs. Inflamma- 
 tion of the fibrous tissue. 
 
 INOMA, Tumour, fibrous. 
 
 INONCTION, Inunction. 
 
 INOPOLYPUS, see Polypus. 
 
 INORGAN'IC, Inorgan'icus, Unor'ganizcd, 
 (F.) Inorganiqne ; from in, 'negation,' and or- 
 ganum, 'an organ.' A term applied to bodies 
 which have no organs; — such as minerals. At 
 the present day, naturalists admit of but two- 
 classes of bodies, — the organized and inorganic. 
 Parts of the body which, like the epidermis, are 
 devoid of blood-vessels and nerves, have been 
 called anorqanic. 
 
 IjSTOSCL'ERO'MA, from ij, gen. ii^og, ' a fibre,' 
 and aK^vpMfia, 'induration.' Induration of the 
 fibrous tissue. 
 
 INOSCULATIO, Anastomosis. 
 
 INOSIS, Hyperinosis. 
 
 IN'OSITE, In'osit, Muscle sugar : from ig, ii/og, 
 'a fibre.' An unfermentable sugar, found only in 
 the juice of the cardiac muscle. — Lehmann. 
 
 INOSTEATO'MA, from ig, ivog, 'a fibre,' and 
 steatoma. A tumour of a mixed fibrous and stea- 
 tomatous character. 
 
 INQUIES, Inquietude. 
 
 INQUIETATIO, Inquietude. 
 
 INQUI'ETUDE, Inquietu'do, In'qnies, Inquie- 
 ta'tio, Jactita'tio, from in, 'negation,' and quies, 
 'rest.' Agitation or trouble, caused by indispo- 
 sition. Restlessness. 
 
 INQUINAMENTUM, Miasm. 
 
 INQUISITIO MEDICO-LEGALIS, see Me- 
 dico-legal. 
 
 INSALIVA'TIOiSr, Insaliva'tio, from in, and 
 saliva. The mixture of the food with the saliva, 
 and other secretions of the mouth. 
 
 INSALU'BRIOUS, Insahi'bris, Nose'ros, No- 
 so'des. That which is unhealthy, — which injures 
 the health. 
 
 INSANABILIS, Incurable. 
 
 INS-A.NE, Insa'nus ; from in, 'negation,' and 
 sanus, 'sound;' Allena'tns, Crazy, 3fc(d, Non- 
 sane, Demented, Deranged, Bedlamite, (Sc.) Daft, 
 Wod, (F.) -iliene, Fou, Insense. One affected 
 with mental aberration, or of unsound mind. 
 
 INSANIA, Mania — i. Cadiva, Epilepsy — i. Lu- 
 pina, Lycanthropia — i. Puerperarum, Mania, puer- 
 peral. 
 
 INSANITAS, Insanity. 
 
 INSAN'ITY, Insa'nia, Insan'itas. Same ety- 
 mon. Ifental aliena'tion, Abaliena'tio seu Alie- 
 natio Mentis, Arrep'tio, Unsound Mind, De 
 range'ment. Deranged intellect, Cra'ziness, (Sc.) 
 Dajfin, Daffing, Wudnes; Aphros'yne, Eejjhro'- 
 nia, Ec'phros' yne, Paral'lage, Parallax'is, 
 Delir'ia, Vesa'nice, Delir'ium (Crichton), Insi- 
 pien'tia, (F.) Folic, Egarement d'Esjjrit, Para- 
 phreiiie. This term includes all the varieties of 
 unsound mind, — Mania, Melancholia, Moral In- 
 sanity, Dementia, and Idiocy. A slight degree 
 of insanity is sometimes popularly called " a 
 kinJc in the head;" in Scotland, "a bee in the 
 bonnet." 
 
 Insanity, Homicidal, see Homicidal — i. Inco- 
 herent, Dementia — i. Moral, Pathomania — i. 
 Puerperal, Mania, puerperal — i. Religious, Sebas- 
 tomania — i. Senile, Delirium senile — i. Suicidal, 
 see Suicide. 
 
 INSANUS, Insane. 
 
 INSCRIPTION, see Matriculate. 
 
 INSCRIPTIO'NES TENDIN'E^ MUSCU- 
 LO'RUM, Intersectio'nes seu Enervatio'nes ten- 
 din'ecB musculo'rum, Interme' dia ligamenta'Un seu 
 ner'vea. The tendinous portions which cros3 
 
INSEMINATION 
 
 502 INSTINCTIVE 
 
 general muscles, and especially the straight mus- 
 cles of the abdomen. 
 
 INSEMINATION, see Ejaculation. 
 INSENESCENTIA, Agerasia. 
 IN SENSE, Insane. 
 
 INSENSIBIL'ITY, AncBsfhe'sia, Imei^sihil i- 
 tas. Loss or absence of sensibility. It is very 
 common in cerebral affections, and may extend 
 to every part, or be limited to one or more. 
 Some organs are much more sensible than others. 
 The bones, cartilages, ligaments, &a., are insen- 
 sible in health, but acutely sensible in disease. 
 
 INSEN'SIBLE, Sensihilita'te carens. That 
 •which is devoid of sensibility. This word is ap- 
 plied, also, to phenomena -which cease to be ap- 
 preciable to the senses. Thus, we say, the pulse 
 becomes insensible. 
 
 INSER'TION, Itiser'tio, Si/mph'i/sis, Eno'sis, 
 from inserere, insertnm, (in, and severe, ' to join 
 fir knit,') 'to ingraft.' (F.) Attache. The at- 
 tachment of one part to another. Insertions 
 occur chiefly on bones, cartilages, and fibrous 
 organs: thus, we speak of the insertion of mus- 
 cular fibres into a tendon or aponeurosis : the in- 
 sertion of a tendon, aponeurosis, or ligament, into 
 a cartilage or bone. The word insertion has like- 
 wise been used by pathologists for the act of in- 
 oculating or introducing a virus into the body. 
 
 INSES'SIO, from insidere, insessum, (in, and 
 sedere,) 'to sit in.' This term is, sometimes, 
 applied to a vapour bath, the person being seated 
 in a perforated chair, beneath which a vessel, 
 filled with hot water, or the hot decoction of some 
 plant, is placed. See Semicupium. 
 INSESSUS, Bath, half. 
 INSICIUM, Isicium. 
 
 INSIDEN'TIA, Epis'tasis. Any thing which 
 swims on or in — the urine, for example. It is 
 opposed to the Hi/pos'tasis or suhsiden'tia. 
 INSIPIENTIA, Insanity. 
 INSITIO, Inoculation — i. Ciliorum. Blepharo- 
 plastice — i. Dentis, Transplantatio Dentis — i. 
 Variolarum, Inoculation. 
 
 INSOLA'TION, Tnsnla'tin, from in, and snl, 
 the sun;' Ap>rica'tio, Helio'sis, Heli'asis, Helio- 
 •lo'sis, Siri'asis. Exposure to the sun. Exposure 
 of a patient to the rays of the sun is, sometimes, 
 had recourse to, with the view of rousing the 
 vital forces when languishing, or of producing 
 irritation of the skin. Insolation is occasionally 
 used in the same sense as ro7ip de soleil. 
 
 In Pharmacy, insolation means the drying of 
 chemical and pharmaceutical substances. 
 
 TNSOLAZIONE BE PRIMIVERA, Pel- 
 lagra. 
 
 INSOM'NIA, Insom'nitas, Sahara, Znara, 
 Pervigil'ium, Pernoctn'tio, Ayp'nia. Agryp'rtia, 
 Ahyp'nia, Artj/p'nia, Typhoma'nia, Sleep'lessness, 
 Vig"ilance, from in, 'negation,' and somnus, 
 ' sleep,' ' absence of sleep.' This may exist alone, 
 and constitute a true disease ; or it may be con- 
 nected with another affection. It is an unequi- 
 vocal sign of suffering in some organ; even when 
 the patient experiences no pain. 
 INSOMNTUM, Somnium. 
 INSPECTIO MEDICO-LEGALIS, see Me- 
 dico-lpffal. 
 
 TN'^PTRATEUR, Inspiratory. 
 INSPIRA'TION, Inspira'tio, Empnenmnto'sis. 
 Etsp'nne, Adspirn'tin, Aspira'tio, from in, ' in,' 
 and spirn. 'I breathe.' The action by which the 
 air penetrates into the interior of the lungs. A 
 movement opposed to that of expiration. As re- 
 cards the average quantity of air received into 
 the lungs at each inspiration, there is much dis- 
 crenancy amongst observers. The following table 
 sufficiently ex\iibits this: — 
 
 Cubic inches at 
 each inspiration. 
 
 Reil 42 to 100 
 
 Menzies, ~| 
 
 Sauvages, 
 
 Hales, 
 
 Haller, | 
 
 Ellis, 1- 40 
 
 Sprengel, 
 Sommering, 
 Thomson, 
 Bostock, 
 
 Jurin 35 to 38 
 
 Eon tana 35 
 
 Richerand 30 to 40 
 
 Dalton 30 
 
 Jeffreys 26 
 
 Herbst 24 to 30 
 
 Herholdt 20 to 29 
 
 Jurine and Coathupe 20 
 
 Allen and Pepys 16^^ 
 
 J. Borelli 15 to 40 
 
 Goodwyn 14 
 
 Sir H. Davy 13 to 17 
 
 Abernethy and Mojon 12 
 
 Keutsch 6 to 12 
 
 INSPIRATION OF Venous Blood. By this is 
 meant the aspiration of blood towards the heart, 
 occasioned by the approach to a vacuum pro- 
 duced by the dilatation of the thorax during in- 
 spiration. 
 
 IN'SPIRATOET. Same etymon. Lwjm-a- 
 tio'ni inser'viens, (F.) Inspiratenr. A name given 
 to muscles, which, by their contraction, augment 
 the size of the chest, and thus produce inspira- 
 tion. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles 
 are the chief agents of inspiration. In cases 
 where deep inspirations are necessary, the action 
 of these muscles is aided by the contraction of 
 the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, subcla 
 vius, serratus major anticus, scaleni, serratus pos- 
 ticus superior, &q. Most of these muscles be- 
 come inspiratory, by taking their fixed point at 
 the part which they ordinarily move, and ele- 
 vating the ribs. 
 
 INSPIS'SANT, Tnspis'sans. Same etymon as 
 the next. Any remedial agent, that renders ttie 
 blood thicker, directly, or indirectly. The oppo- 
 site to diluent. 
 
 INSPISSA'TIO, Pycno'sis, from in, and spia- 
 sare, spissatum, 'to thicken.' The act of render- 
 ing thick ; as in the formation of an extract — 
 Siiccns Inspissa'tus. 
 
 INSTEP, Collmn pedis, Neck-of-the-foot, (F.) 
 Covde-pied, Con-de-pied. The projection at the 
 upper part of the foot, near its articulation with 
 the leg — the tarsus. 
 
 INSTILLATIO, Instillation. 
 
 INSTILLA'TION, Enstalax'is, Instilla'tio, 
 from in, ' into,' and stilla, ' a drop.' The act of 
 pouring a liquid drop by drop. 
 
 INSTINCT, (L.) Instinc'tua, (in, and stinrpio, 
 stinctum, 'to sting,') 'inwardly moved.' Bru'tia, 
 Horrne. The action of the living principle, when- 
 ever manifestly directing its operations to the 
 health, preservation, or reproduction of a living 
 frame or any part of such frame — Moli'men 
 natu'rce suhita'rium. The law of instinct is, 
 consequently, the law of the living principle, 
 and instinctive actions are the actions of the 
 living principle. Instinct is natural. Reason is 
 acquired. 
 
 INSTINCTIVE, Inttinc'tns. Same etymon. 
 Relating to or caused by instinct; as instinctive 
 actions. See Emotional. Those instinctive ac- 
 tions of animals which are owing to impressions 
 made on the sensory ganglia, exciting respondent 
 motor influences that are propagated to the va- 
 I rious muscles of the body, are termed consen'aual. 
 
INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE 503 
 
 INTERCOSTAL 
 
 Consensual movements which accompany volun- 
 tary eiforts without our consciousness are termed 
 associated, (F.) Associes. 
 
 INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE, see Theory 
 of medicine. 
 
 INSTITUTUM ORTHOP^DICUM, Ortho- 
 pedic institution. 
 
 IN'STRUMENT, Instrumen'tum, Or'ganum. A 
 tool, an agent. 
 
 INSTRUMENTA, Pudibilia. 
 
 INSTRUMEN'TUM CHIRUR'GICUM. A 
 surgical tool or instrument. 
 
 Instrumentum Digestionis. The digestive 
 apparatus. 
 
 Ikstrumentum Instrumentordm, Manus. 
 
 INSUFFICIENCY, (F.) Insnffiaance ; from 
 in, and sufficient. Inadequateness to any end or 
 purpose, — as Insufficiency of the valves of the 
 he<irt, (F.) Insuffisance cles valvules da Cceur ; — a 
 condition in which they are not adapted, as in 
 health, to properly close the apertures. 
 
 INSUFFISANCE, Insufficiency. 
 
 INSUFFISANCE DBS VALVULES BU 
 CCEUR, Insufficiency of the valves of the heart. 
 
 INSUFFLA'TION, Insuffla'tio, from in, sub, 
 anA flare, 'to blow.' The act of blowing a gas 
 or vapour into some cavity of the body; as when 
 tobacco smolje is injected into the rectum ; or 
 when air is blown into the mouths of new-born 
 children to excite the respiratory functions. 
 
 INSULA, Insula cerebri. 
 
 In'sula Cer'ebri, Island or In'sida of Reil. 
 The intermediate lobe of the brain, Lohus inter- 
 me'dius cer'ebri. A remarkable group of convolu- 
 tions within the fissure of Sylvius. It is called, 
 by Cruveilhier, Lobule of the Fissure of Sylvius, 
 Lobule of the corpus striatum. The 'island' of 
 Reil, with the substantia perforata, forms the 
 base of the corpus striatum. 
 
 I>fSULA Sanguinis, see Blood. 
 
 INSULiB, Maculse alba — i. Pulmonales, see 
 Pulmo. 
 
 INSULTUS, Attack, Paroxysm. 
 
 INSURANCE OF LIFE, see Life Insurance. 
 
 INTEGRITAS, Sanitas, Virginity. 
 
 INTEG'UMENT, Integiimen'tum, Tegumen'- 
 tam, Teg'umen, Teg'imen, Tegmen, Invohi'crtun 
 seu Velamen'tum corp'oris commu'ne ; Vela'meri 
 seu Velamentum nati'vum, from in, and tegere, 
 tectum, 'to cover.' (F.) Tegument. Any thing 
 which serves to cover, to envelop. The skin, in- 
 cluding the cuticle, rete mucosum, and cutis vera, 
 is the common integument or tegument of the body. 
 
 INTEGUMEN'TA FCETUS. Membranes of 
 the foetus. 
 
 INTEGUMENTUM, Integument — i. Com- 
 mune, Integument. 
 
 IN'TELLECT, Intellec'tus, Nous, 3fens, Gnome, 
 Noos, Nu3, Noe'sis, Syn'esis, from intclligere, in- 
 tellectum, {inter, 'between,' and legere, 'to 
 choose;') 'to understand,' 'conceive,' 'know.' 
 (F.) Entendement, Intelligence. The aggregate 
 of the intellectual faculties — -perception, forma- 
 tion of ideas, memory, and judgment. 
 
 Intellect, Deranged, Insanity. 
 
 INTELLIGENCE, Intellect. 
 
 INTEM'PERANCE, Intemperan'tia ; Immode- 
 ran'tia, Immodera'tio, Acra'sia, Acola'sia, Pies' - 
 mone, Amet'ria, Aples'tia, from in, ' negation,' 
 and temperare, 'to temper.' Immoderate use of 
 food and drink, especially the latter; — a fruitful 
 source of disease. 
 
 INTEMPBR'IES. Same etymon. Dyscra'sia. 
 Derangement in the constitution of the atmo- 
 sphere and of the seasons; bad constitution ; de- 
 rangement or disorder in the humours of the 
 body. 
 
 INTENSIVUS, Entaticus. 
 
 INTEN'TION, Inten'tio, from in, and tendere, 
 
 lensum seu tentum, 'to stretch.' Propos'itiim. 
 The object which one proposes. In surgery, a 
 wound is said to heal by the first intention, lieu'- 
 nio 2^er primam intentio'nem, when cicatrization 
 occurs without suppuration ; union by the second 
 intention, Reu'nio per secun'dam i)itentio' nem, 
 being that which does not occur until the surfaces 
 have suppurated. To obtain union by the first 
 intention, the edges of a recent wound must be 
 brought in apposition and kept together by means 
 of adhesive plasters and a proper bandage. Del- 
 pech has substituted fur those expressions, Ri' 
 ■union jjrimitive, and Reunion secondaire. 
 
 INTERANEA, Entrails. 
 
 INTERARTIC'ULAR, Interarticnla' ris ; from 
 inter, 'between,' and articulus, 'a joint.' Parts 
 situate between the articulations are so called ; 
 as interarticular cartilages, interurticular liga- 
 ments, &e. 
 
 INTERCA'DENCE, Intercaden'tia, Interci- 
 den'tia, from inter, 'between,' and cadere, 'to 
 fall.' Disorder of the arterial pulsations, so that, 
 every now and then, a supernumerary pulsation 
 occurs. The pulse, in such case, is said to be 
 intercurrent. 
 
 INTER'CALARY, Intercala'ris, Inter'cidens, 
 from intercalare, 'to insert.' Embol'imos. Inter- 
 pola'tus, Provocato' rius. The days which occur 
 between those that are critical. The term has, 
 also, been applied to the days of apyrexia in in- 
 termittent fevers. 
 
 INTERCELL'ULAR, Intercellvla' ris, (F.) In- 
 ter cellulaire ; from inter, ' between,' and cellula, 
 'a small cell, a cellule.' That which is between 
 cells or cellules. 
 
 Intercellular Fluid, Liquor Sanguinis. 
 
 Intercel'lular Passages. A term given by 
 Mr. Rainey to irregular passages through the 
 substance of the lung, which form the termina- 
 tions of the bronchial tubes, are clustered with 
 air-cells, and not lined by mucous membrane. 
 
 Intercellular Substance, see Cytoblastema. 
 
 INTERCEP'TIO, from infer, 'between,' and 
 capere, 'to take.' A bandage, by the aid of 
 which the ancients proposed to arrest the pro- 
 gress of the material cause of gout and rheu- 
 matism ; and which consisted in covering the 
 affected limbs with carded wool ; surrounding 
 them, afterwards, with broad bandages, applied 
 from the fingers to the axilla, or from the toes 
 to the groin. 
 
 Interceptio Intestinorum, Ileus. 
 
 INTEB.CERVICAUX, Interspinales colli. 
 
 INTERCIDENS, Intercalary. 
 
 INTERCIDENTIA, Intercadence. 
 
 INTERCILIUM, Mesophryon. 
 
 INTERCLAVI C'ULAR, Interclavicula'ris, 
 from inter, 'between,' and clavieula, 'a clavicle.' 
 That which is placed between the clavicles. 
 
 Interclavicular Lig'ament is a fibrous bun- 
 dle, placed transversely above the extremity of 
 the sternum, between the heads of the two clavi- 
 cles. This ligament is flat. Its fibres, which 
 are always longer above than below, are sepa- 
 rated by small apertures, which are traversed by 
 vessels. It prevents the separation of the two 
 clavicles in the forced depression of the shoulder. 
 
 INTEPbCOS'TAL, Intercosta'lis, from inter, 
 'between,' and casta, 'a rib.' 31esopleu'rus, Me- 
 sopleu'rius. That which is situate between the 
 ribs. (F.) Sous-costal. 
 
 Intercostal Ar'teries vary in number. There 
 is constantly, however, a supe'rior, Arte'rin, In- 
 tercosta'lis supe'rior seu Intercosta'lis subclu'vio, 
 which is given off from the posterior part of the 
 subclavian, and which sends branches into the 
 first two or three intercostal spaces ; and, gene- 
 rally, eight or nine inferior or aortic intercostals. 
 These arise from the lateral and posterior parts 
 
INTERCOSTO-HUMERAL NERVES 5 4 
 
 INTERMITTENT 
 
 of the pectoral aorta, and ascend obliquely in 
 front of the vertebral column, to gain the inter- 
 costal spaces, where they divide into a dorsal 
 branch and an intercostal, properly so called.^ 
 
 Intercostal Muscles are distinguished into 
 internal, — inter-plevrocostaux of Dumas, — and 
 external. The former are inserted into the inner 
 lip, the latter into the outer lip of the edge of the 
 ribs. The fibres of the external intercostals are 
 directed obliquely downwards and forwards ; and 
 those of the internal downwards and backwards. 
 Both are inspiratory or expiratory muscles, ac- 
 cording as they take their origin on the upper or 
 lower rib. Some small, fleshy fibres, seen occa- 
 sionally at the inner surface of the thorax, de- 
 scending obfiquely from one rib to another, have 
 been called Infracostales. 
 
 Intercostal Nerve, Trisplanchnic nerve. 
 Intercostal Nerves, Branches souseostales 
 (Ch.), Costal or Dorsal nerves, proceed from the 
 anterior branches of the dorsal nerves. They 
 are twelve in number, and are distributed espe- 
 cially to the muscles of the parietes of the chest 
 and abdomen. 
 
 Intercostal Space, IntervaVlum seu Tnter- 
 stit"ium intercosta'le, Mesojdeu'rum, Ilesojjleu'- 
 rium, is the interval which separates one rib from 
 that immediately above or below it. 
 
 Intercostal Veins are distinguished like the 
 arteries. The right superior intercostal vein is 
 often wanting. When it exists, it opens into the 
 back part of the subclavian. The same vein of 
 the left side is very large. It communicates with 
 the demi-azygos, receives the left bronchial vein, 
 and opens into the corresponding subclavian. The 
 right inferior intercostal veins open into the vena 
 azygos ; and those of the left into the demiazygos. 
 
 INTERCOS'TO-HU'MERAL nerves. So 
 called from their origin and distribution. They 
 are the cutaneous branches of the second and 
 third intercostal nerves. 
 
 INTERCUR'RENT, Inter cur' r ens, from inter, 
 'between,' and currere, 'to run.' Diseases are 
 so called which supervene at different seasons of 
 the year, or which cannot be considered as be- 
 longing to any particular season. — Sydenham. 
 A disease is likewise so termed which occurs in 
 the course of another disease, as Intercurrent 
 Pneumonia. 
 
 INTERCUTANEOUS, Subcutaneous. 
 
 INTERDEN'TIUM, from inter, 'between,' and 
 dens, dentis, 'a tooth.' The interval between 
 teeth of the same order. — Linden. 
 
 INTERDIGITAIRE, Interdigital. 
 
 INTERDIG"ITAL, Interdigita'lis, (F.) Liter- 
 digitaire ; from inter, 'between,' and digitus, 'a 
 finger.' That which relates to the spaces be- 
 tween the fingers. Interdigital space, (F.) Es- 
 paoe interdigitaire, is used, also, for the commis- 
 sure between the fingers. 
 
 INTERDIGIT"IUM. Same etymon as the last. 
 A corn or wart, which grows between the fingers 
 and toes, especially between the latter. — Pliny. 
 
 INTEREPINEUX CERVIGAUX, Interspi- 
 nales colli. 
 
 INTERFEMINEUM, Perineum, Vulva. 
 
 INTERFINIUM NARIUM, Septum narium. 
 
 INTERFCEMIN'EUM, {inter, ' between,' and 
 femen, feminis, the inner part of the thigh,) 
 Perinffium, Vulva. 
 
 INTERFORAMINBUM, Perineeum. 
 
 INTERGAN GLION'IC, Interganglion'ieus, 
 from inter, 'between,' and ganglion, 'a knot.' An 
 epithet for nervous cords, placed between gan- 
 glia, which they connect together, 
 
 INTERITUS, Death. 
 
 INTBRL0'BAR,/«to'to6a'W«, (F.)/»«erZo6niVe, 
 from inter, 'between,' and lohus, *a lobe.' That 
 which is between lobes, — as of the lungs. 
 
 INTERLOB'ULAR, Interlohula'ris, from inter, 
 'between,' and lohulus, 'a small lobe.' That 
 which is between lobules, — as of the lungs. 
 
 Interlobular Fissures. The intervals be- 
 tween the lobules of the liver. The narrower 
 spaces are called Eissu'rcB interlobnla' res,t\ie wider 
 epa'tia inter' lohida' res. — Kolliher. See Liver. 
 
 Interlobular Plexus of the Biliary Ducts. 
 See Liver. 
 
 Interlobular Spaces. The angular inter- 
 stices formed in the liver by the apposition of 
 several lobules. 
 
 Interlob'ular Tissue, Textum interloluln're, 
 Ligamen'ta interlobula'ria pjiilmo'nnm. The cel- 
 lular tissue between the pulmonary lobules. 
 
 Interlobular Veins, see Liver. 
 
 INTERMAX'ILLARY, Intermaxilla'ris, from 
 inter, 'between,' and maxilla, 'a jaw.' That 
 which is situate between the maxillary bones. 
 
 Intermaxillary Bone, Inci'sive, Pal'atine, or 
 Labial bone, is a bony portion, wedged in between 
 the two superior maxillary bones, which supports 
 the upper incisors. This bone is found in the 
 mammalia ; and, also, in the human foetus. 
 
 INTERMEDE, Excipient. 
 
 INTERMEDIA LIGAMENTALIA seu NER- 
 VEA, Inscriptiones tendinese musculorum. 
 
 INTERMEDIAIRE BE WRISBERG, Por- 
 tio Wrisbergii. 
 
 INTERMEDIATE VASCULAR SYSTEM, 
 Capillary system. 
 
 INTERMENT, PREMATURE, Zoothapsis. 
 
 INTERMIS'SIGN, Intermis'sio, Dialeip'sis, 
 Dialiji'sis, Temjius intereala' re, IntervaVlum, from 
 inter, 'between,' and mittere, missuin, 'to put or 
 send.' (F.) Intermittenee. The interval which 
 occurs between two paroxysms of an intermittent 
 or other disease — during which the patient is al- 
 most in his natural state. There is said to be 
 intermission of the pulse, when, in a given num- 
 ber of pulsations, one or more may be wanting. 
 
 INTER3riTTENCE, Intermission. 
 
 INTERMIT'TENT, Intermit' tens. Same ety- 
 mon. That which has intermissions. 
 
 Intermittent Fever, Febris intermit'tens, Di- 
 aleip'yra. Intermittens, An'etus, Pyretotypo'sis, 
 Ague, Ague and Fever, Fever and Ague, Palu'dal 
 or Pcriod'ic Fever, (Prov.) Agah, Cold-chill, 
 Shaking, Shakes, (OldEng.) ^/fS''-9, Auggere, Axes, 
 (F.) Fievre intennitte.nte, F. d'Acces, F. des ma- 
 rais, F. Periodique, is a fever consisting of pa- 
 roxysms, with a complete state of apyrexia in the 
 intervals. The chief types are the Quotidian, 
 Tertian, and Quartan. The symptoms of inter- 
 mittents are those of a decided and completely 
 marked cold stage : (F.) Stade defroid, attended 
 with paleness; collapse; impaired sensibility ; and 
 coldness, more or less diffused, followed by gene- 
 ral rigors. After this occurs the hot stage; Stade 
 de la Chaleur, the heat returning partiallj' and 
 irregularly, and at length becoming universal, 
 and much above the standard of health. The 
 pulse is now hard and strong ; tongue white ; 
 urine high-coloured; thirst considerable. At 
 length, the sweating stage, (F.) Stade de Sueur, 
 makes its appearance ; the moisture usually be- 
 ginning on the forehead, face, and neck, and soon 
 extending universally ; the heat abating; thirst 
 ceasing; the urine throwing down a sediment, 
 and the functions being gradually restored to 
 their wonted state. The tertian type is the most 
 common, and the quartan the most severe. The 
 quotidian more readily changes into a remittent 
 and continued fever. The quartan has, generally, 
 the longest cold stage, the tertian the longest hot. 
 The chief exciting cause is marsh miasmata. 
 Ague, also, occurs in districts where there are no 
 marshy emanations. Such districts are, gene- 
 
INTERMUSCULAR 
 
 505 
 
 INTERSCAPULAR 
 
 rally, of a volcanic nature; further we know not. 
 AVhen the disease has once attacked an individual, 
 it is apt to recur. The prognosis is, in general, 
 favourable, as far as regards life ; but long pro- 
 tracted intermittents are apt to induce visceral 
 obstructions, and engorgements, which may end 
 in dropsy. In some countries, the disease is of 
 a very pernicious character. The indications of 
 treatment are, 1. To abate the violence of the 
 paroxysm; and, 2. To prevent its return. The 
 first indication demands the adoption of the gene- 
 ral principles and remedies required in ordinary 
 fever. The second is the most important. The 
 period of apyrexia is that for action. The means 
 for fulfilling this indication are: — the use of 
 emetics, purgatives, cinchona, c{uinia, &o., arsenic, 
 and forcible impressions made on the mind of the 
 patient. 
 
 INTERMUS'CULAR, Intermuscula'ris, from 
 inter, ' between,' and musculas, ' a muscle.' That 
 which is placed between muscles. 
 
 Intermuscular Aponeuro'sks are aponeu- 
 rotic laminaj or septa, situate between muscles, 
 to which they often give attachment. 
 
 INTER'NAL, Inner, Inter'nus. That which is 
 placed on the inside. This epithet is given to 
 parts that look towards an imaginary central 
 plane, which divides the body into two equal and 
 symmetrical portions, as well as to those which 
 correspond with a cavity. Thus, we snj^ — the in- 
 ternal or inner surface of the arm or thigli, skull, 
 &e. 
 
 Internal Diseases, Iforhi inter' ni, are those 
 which occupy the inner parts of the body. Their 
 investigation belongs to the phj'sician ; external 
 diseases falling under the management of the 
 surgeon. 
 
 INTERNAT. The post or ofiice of an interne. 
 INTERNE, see House-Surgeon, 
 INTERNODIA DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha- 
 langes of the fingers — i. Digitorum pedis, Pha- 
 langes of the toes. 
 
 INTERXO'DIUM, from inter, 'between,' and 
 nodus, 'a knot.' The part of the fingers between 
 the joints. A phalanx. 
 
 INTERNUN'CIAL, Intemuncia'liH. irom inter, 
 'between,' and nitHCi'i/s, "a messenger.' Relating 
 or belonging to a messenger between parties. A 
 term applied by Mr. Hunter to the functions of 
 the nervous system. 
 
 INTERNUNTII DIES, Critical days. 
 INTERNES AURIS, Tensor tympani— i. Mal- 
 lei, Tensor tympani. 
 
 INTEROS'SEOUS, Literos'sevs. That which 
 is situate between the bones; from inter, 'be- 
 tween,' and OS, ' a bone.' 
 
 Interosseous Ar'teries of the Forearm 
 AND Hand. Of these there are several. The 
 common interosseous artery arises from the poste- 
 rior part of the ulnar, a little below the bicipital 
 tuberosity of the radius ; passes backwards and 
 divides into two branches : the one called ante- 
 rior interosseous descends vertically, anterior to 
 the interosseous ligament; the other, called pos- 
 terior interosseous, passes above the ligament, 
 appears at its posterior part and divides into two 
 great branches, — the posterior recurrent radial 
 and the posterior interosseous, properly so called. 
 In the hand. — 1. The dorsal tnetaearpal interos- 
 seous arteries are given off by the dorsalis car]}!, 
 a division of the radial artery. 2. The palmar 
 interosseous arteries, which arise from the con- 
 vexity of the deep palmar arch, and give off the 
 middle interosseous arteries. 3. The dorsal inter- 
 osseous of the index, proceeding directly from the 
 radial artery. In the foot, are distinguished: — 
 1. The dorsal interosseous arteries, three in num- 
 ber, which arise from the artery of the metatar- 
 sus, a branch of the dorsalis tarsi. 2. Iht plantar 
 
 interosseous arteries, which are, also, three in 
 number, and arise from the plantar arch. 
 
 Interosseous Lig'aments. Ligaments seated 
 between certain bones, which they unite; such 
 are the ligaments between the radius and ulna, 
 and between the tibia and fibula. 
 
 Interosseous Muscles. These occupy the 
 spaces between the bones of the metacarpus and 
 metatarsus; and, consequently, belong, — some to 
 the hand, others to the foot. 
 
 Interosseous Nerve is a branch, given off by 
 the median nerve, which descends before the in- 
 terosseous ligament, accompanying the artery of 
 the same name. 
 
 Interosseous Veins have the same arrange- 
 ment as the arteries. 
 
 Interosseus Manus, (F.) lluscle interosseux 
 de la main. — Metacarpo-jihalangi en-lateral sus- 
 palmaire et metacarpo-phalangien lateral, (Ch.) 
 These muscles are seven in number; two for each 
 of the three middle fingers, and one for the little 
 finger. Four are situate on the back of the hand, 
 and three only in the palm. They are inserted 
 into the metacarpal bones, and send a tendon to 
 the tendon of the extensor communis. Accord- 
 ing to their oflSce, they are, to each finger, an ad- 
 ductor and an ahductor. The index has a dorsal 
 abductor and a palmar one. The middle fnger 
 has two dorsal muscles for adductor and abduc- 
 tor; the ring finger has a dorsal adductor and a 
 palmar abductor; and the little finger has only 
 one interosseous abductor, which is palmar. 
 These muscles produce abduction and adduction 
 of the fingers, which they can also extend, owing 
 to their connexion with the extensor tendons. 
 
 Interos'seus Pedis, Metatarso-phalavgien- 
 lateral, (Ch.) The number, arrangement, shape, 
 and uses of these are the same as in the case of 
 the preceding muscles. Four are dorsal, and 
 three plantar : six belong to the three middle toes 
 and one to the little toe. The great toe is devoid 
 of them. As in the hand, they are distinguished, 
 in each toe, into abductor and adductor. 
 . Interosseus Secundus, Prior medii digiti — i. 
 Quartus, Prior annularis. 
 
 INTEROSSEUX BE LA MAIN, Interosseus 
 manHs. 
 
 INTERPARI'ETAL BONE, Os Interparie- 
 ta'le. A bone found in the skulls of the children 
 of the Peruvian races. It lies in the situation 
 of the upper angle of the occipital bone, where 
 the parietal bones separate from each other; and 
 is the analogue of the interparietal bone of ru- 
 minants and carnivora. — Tschudi. 
 
 INTERPEDUN'CULAR, Interpednncula'ris ; 
 from inter, 'between,' and pedunculi, 'peduncles.' 
 A term, applied to that which is placed between 
 the peduncles of the encephalon, — as Infeiyedun- 
 cidar space; a lozenge-shaped interval, behind 
 the diverging peduncles or crura of the cerebrum, 
 in which are found the posterior perforated space, 
 corpora albicantia, tuber cinereum, or infundi- 
 bulum, and pituitary body. 
 
 INTERPELLA'TUS, {Morhus,) from interpjcl- 
 lo, {inter, and piello,) 'I interrupt.' A term, by 
 which Paracelsus designated those diseases whose 
 progress is unequal, and paroxysms irregular. 
 
 INTERPLE VR 0-COSTA UX, Intercostal 
 muscles. 
 
 INTERPOLATES, Intercalary. 
 INTERRUPTIO MENSTRUATIONIS, Ame- 
 norrhoea. 
 
 INTERSCAP'ULAR, Interscapula'ris, (infer, 
 and scapula.) That which is between the shoul- 
 ders ; as the interscapular region. The interscap- 
 ular cavities, Cavita'tes inierscapula'res, are the 
 depressions between the scapulte and the spinous 
 processes of the vertebrae. 
 
INTERSCAPULIUM 
 
 50 G 
 
 INTESTINE 
 
 INTERSCAPU'LIUM. The spine of the 
 scapula. 
 
 INTEKSECTIO, Decussation, Intersection. 
 
 INTERSECTION, lutersec'tio, Diac'ope, from 
 inter, 'between,' and seco, seetiim, 'to cut.' The 
 point where two lines meet and cut each other. 
 The name aponeurot'ie intersection is given to 
 fibrous bands, which certain muscles present in 
 their length, and by which they seem inter- 
 rupted. Aponeurotic intersections are found in 
 the recti muscles of the abdomen ; in the semi- 
 membranosus, complesus, sterno-thyroideus, &c. 
 
 INTERSECTI0NE3 TENDINE.E MUSCU- 
 CjORUM, Inscriptiones tendinese musculorum. 
 
 INTERSEPIMENTUM THORACIS, Medi- 
 astinum. 
 
 INTERSEPTA HORIZONTALIA PACCHI- 
 ONI, Tentorium. 
 
 INTERSEP'TUM, from inter, 'between,' and 
 septum, 'a partition.' Cion, kiuv. The uvula; 
 also, the septum narium. The diaphragm. 
 
 Interseptum Nariom, Septum narium — i. Vir- 
 ginale, Hymen. 
 
 INTERSPI'NAL, Jnterspina'lis, from infer, 
 'between,' and spina, ' the spine.' That which is 
 seated between the spinous processes. 
 
 Isterspi'nal Lig'ament, Membra'na inferspi- 
 ■na'lis, (F.) Ligament interepineux. These occupy 
 the intervals between the spinous processes in the 
 back and loins. In the neck, they are replaced 
 by the muscles of the same name. They prevent 
 the too great flexion of the spine, and keep the 
 spinous processes in situ. The outermost thick- 
 ened portions of these are, sometimes, termed 
 Ligamen'ta a'piciim. 
 
 INTERSPINA'LES COLLI, Spina'les Colli 
 mino'res, Spina'ti, (F.) Interepineux-eervicaiix, 
 Intercervicaujc, (Ch.) These are twelve in num- 
 ber, and occupy, in two parallel rows, the inter- 
 vals between the spinous processes of the cervical 
 vertebrae, from that of the atlas and vertebra 
 dentata, to that between the last cervical and first 
 dorsal vertebra. They are flat, thin, and quad- 
 rilateral. These muscles contribute. to the exten- 
 sion of the neck and to throwing the head back- 
 wards. 
 
 ItfTERSPIXALES DoRSI ET LtTMBO'RUM J por- 
 tions of the Transversaire-epinenx of Boyer, and 
 the sacrospinal of Chaussier. These muscles are 
 of two kinds. The one {Muscle grand epineax 
 du dos, of Winslow) representing fleshy bundles 
 of different lengths, applied upon the lateral sur- 
 faces of the spinous processes, from the third 
 dorsal vertebra to the second lumbar. The other 
 {Muscle petit epineux du dos, Winslow) covered 
 by the preceding. They are situate on each side 
 of the interspinal ligament, in the form of small, 
 short flat bundles, which pass from one spinous 
 process to the second, third or fourth above it. 
 These muscles aid in extending the vertebral co- 
 lumn ; and incline it a little to one side, when 
 they act on one side only. 
 
 INTER'STICE, Interstit"ium, Arao'ma, from 
 inter, 'between,' and sto, 'I stand.' Diaste'ma, 
 Interval' lum. Anatomists have given this name 
 to the intervals between organs. The iliac crest, 
 crista ilii, for example, has two lips and an in- 
 terstice between them, which affords attachment 
 to the lesser oblique muscle of the abdomen. 
 
 Interstice, Pore. 
 
 INTERSTIT"IAL, Interstitia'lis, same ety- 
 mon. Applied to that which occurs in the inter- 
 stices of an organ, — as 'interstitial absorption,' 
 'interstitial pregnancy,' &c. 
 
 INTERSTITIUM, Interstice — i. Ciliare, Cili- 
 ary ligament — i. Intercostale, Intercostal space — 
 L Jugulare, Throat. 
 
 INTERTINCTUS, Discreet. 
 
 INTElt TEA CHELIENS, Intertransversalea 
 colli. 
 
 INTER TRANSVEBSAIRES DES 
 LOMBES, Intertransversales lumborum. 
 
 INTERTRANSVERSA'LIS, Intertransversa'- 
 rius. That which is placed between the trans- 
 verse processes of the vertebrae. 
 
 Intertransversales Colli, (F.) Intertrnns- 
 versaires cervicaux, Intertracheliens, (Ch.) These 
 are small, muscular bundles; quadrilateral; thin 
 and flat; situate, in pairs, in the intervals be- 
 tween the transverse processes of the neck, ex- 
 cept between the first and second, where there is 
 only one. They are distinguished into anterior 
 and posterior. The former are six in number ; 
 the latter five. These muscles bring the trans- 
 verse processes of the neck nearer each other, 
 and contribute to the lateral flexion of the neck. 
 Intertransversales Lumbo'ruji, MhscuU in- 
 tertransoersi lumho'rum, (F.) Intertransversaires 
 des lomhes. These are almost entirely fleshy, and 
 ten in number; five on each side. They are si- 
 milar to the preceding in general arrangement ; 
 except that they are more marked, and not placed 
 in two rows. Each intertransverse space contains 
 only one. They are quadrilateral, and flat. The 
 first occupies the space between the transverse 
 processes of the first lumbar and the last dorsal 
 vertebrte : and the last is between that of the 
 fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae. These mus- 
 cles incline the lumbar region laterally; and 
 straighten it when inclined to one side. 
 
 INTERTRIGO, Chafing— i. Podicis, Chafing. 
 INTERVAL, LUCID, see Lucid. 
 INTERVALLUM, Intermission, Interstice— i. 
 Intercostale, Intercostal space. 
 INTERVENIUM, Mesophlebium. 
 INTERVER'TEBRAL, Intervertehra'lis, {in- 
 ter, and vertebra.) That which is situate between 
 the vertebrae. 
 
 Intervertebral Car'tilages, Fihro-carti- 
 lages or discs. Ligamen'ta intervertebra'lia, Fibru- 
 cartilag"ines intervertebra'les. These organs are 
 of a fibro-cartilaginous nature: sections of a 
 cylinder; flexible; whitish; resisting: and situ- 
 ate between the bodies of the vertebras, — from 
 the space between the second and third as far as 
 that between the last vertebra and sacrum. Their 
 form is accommodated to that of the vertebra 
 with which they are in connexion ; so that, in the 
 neck and loins, they are oval, whilst in the dorsal 
 region they are nearly circular. 
 
 Intervertebral Discs, Intervertebral carti- 
 lages — 1. Fibro-cartilages, Intervertebral carti- 
 lages. 
 
 INTESTABILIS, Castratus. 
 INTESTATES. Castratus. 
 INTESTIN, Intestine. 
 
 INTES'TINAL, Intestina'lis, Enter'icns, En- 
 ter'ic, (F.) Enterique, from intus, 'within.' That 
 which belongs to the intestines, — as intestinal 
 canal, &c. Bordeu uses the term Pauls intesti7ial 
 for a pulse, which he conceived to announce an 
 approaching crisis by the intestines. 
 Intestinal Juice, Succus entericus. 
 Intestinal Tube or Tract, Cana'lis seu Trac- 
 tus intestino'rum. The canal formed by the in- 
 testines from the pyloric orifice of the stomach to 
 the anus. 
 
 INTES'TINE, Intesti'num, En'teron, Chorda, 
 Gut, Nedy'ia (pi.), Pan'tices (pi.), Boel'li (pi.). 
 Bowel, (F.) Intestin, Boyau. Same etymon. A 
 museulo-membranous canal, variously convoluted, 
 which extends from the stomach to the anus, and 
 is situate in the abdominal cavity; the greater 
 part of which it fills. In man, its length is six 
 or eight times that of the body. It is divided 
 into two principal portions, called small intestine 
 and large intestine. The former, Intesti'num 
 
INTESTINORUM L^VITAS 507 
 
 INULA 
 
 ten'iie, I. grac'ile, (F.) Intestin grele, constituting 
 nearly four-fifths of ttie whole length, begins at 
 the stomach and terminates in the right iliac 
 region. It is divided into duodenum, jejunum and 
 ileum. Some anatomists give the name small in- 
 testine to the last two only; which are kept in 
 place by the mesentery, and form a large jMquet, 
 occupying the umbilical and hypogastric regions, 
 a part of the flanks, of the iliae regions, and of 
 the cavity of the pelvis. It is composed of, ]. A 
 serous membrane, which is peritoneal. 2. Of a 
 muscular coat, whose fibres are very pale, and 
 are placed, in part, longitudinally ; but the 
 greater part transversely. 3. Of a whitish, mu- 
 cous membrane; villous, and foruiing folds or 
 valves — valvulce conniventes — at its inner surface, 
 and furnished with a number of mucous fol- 
 licles, called glands of Lieberkiihn, {Crypts or 
 Follicles of LieberkUhn,) and in the duodenum 
 with the glands of Brunner. The arteries of 
 the small intestine proceed from the superior 
 mesenteric; its veins open into the vena porta. 
 Its nerves proceed from the superior mesenteric 
 plexus. The large intestine, Intesti'nnm crassiun, 
 Ilegnloew'lia, (F.) Gros intestin, forms a sequence 
 to the small. It is much shorter, and is solidlj' 
 attached in the regions of the abdomen which it 
 occupies. It begins in the right iliac region ; as- 
 cends along the right flank, till beneath the liver, 
 when it crosses the upper part of the abdomen, 
 descends into the left iliae fossa, and plunges into 
 the pelvic cavity, to gain the anus. The great 
 intestine is usually divided into three portions, — 
 the ecBcum, colon and rectum. It receives its ar- 
 teries from the superior and inferior mesenteries. 
 Its veins open into the vena porta. Its nerves 
 are furnished by the mesenteric ple.xuses. Its 
 lymphatic vessels, which are much less numerous 
 than those of the small intestine, pass into the 
 ganglions or glands seated between the different 
 reflections of the peritoneum, which fix it to the 
 abdominal parietes. The use of the intestines 
 is, — in the upper part, to effect the chylification 
 of the food and the absorption of the chyle ; — in 
 the lower, to serve as a reservoir, where the ex- 
 crementitious portion of the food collects ; and, 
 also, as an excretory duct, which effects its ex- 
 pulsion. 
 
 INTESTIXORUM L^VITAS, Lientery. 
 
 INTESTIN U LA CEREBRI, Convolutions 
 (cerebral) — i. Meibomii, Meibomius, glands of. 
 
 INTESTINULUM, Funiculus umbilicalis. 
 
 INTESTINUM CELLULATUM, Colon— i. 
 Circumvolutum, Ileon — i. Crassum, Colon, see 
 Intestine — i. Graeile, see Intestine — i. Gi-ande, 
 Colon — i. Lasum, Colon — i. Majus, Colon — i. 
 Medium, Mesentery — i. Plenum, Colon — i. Rec- 
 tum, Rectum — i. Tenue. see Intestine. 
 
 INTIMUM UNGUIS, Nail, root of the. 
 
 INTONATIO INTESTINALIS, Borboryg- 
 mus. 
 
 INTORSIO, Distortion. 
 
 INTOXICATIO, Poisoning — i. Arsenicalis, 
 Arsenicismus — i. Opiaca, Meconismus — i. Satur- 
 nina, Saturnismus. 
 
 INTOXICATION. Poisoning, Temulentia— i. 
 Antimoniule, Stibialism — i. des Marais, see 
 Miasm. 
 
 INTOXICA TION SA TUB NINE. Lead poi- 
 soning; saturnine cachexy. The aggregate of 
 symptoms which present themselves prior to an 
 attack of lead colic. — Tanquerel des Planches. 
 
 INTRALINGUAL SALIVARY GLANDS, 
 Bee Salivary glands. 
 
 INTRALo'B'ULAR, Intralohula'ris; from in- 
 tra, 'within,' and lohnlns, 'a lobule.' Relating 
 to the space within a lobule : — as the "intralobu- 
 lar veins," vencB seu ven'ulce intralohula'res seu 
 centra'les, of the liver: — veins which communi- 
 
 cate with the interlobular veins, and are the ra- 
 dicles of the hepatic veins. ^ 
 
 INTIiA-PELVIO TROOEANTERIEN, Ob- 
 turator internus. 
 
 INTRA-U'TERINE, IntrauterV nna ; from in- 
 fra, 'within,' and uterus, 'the womb.' That 
 which takes place within the womb — as 'intra- 
 %iterine life.' 
 
 INTRICATURA, Decussation. 
 
 INTRIN'SIC, Intrin' secus ; from intra, 'with- 
 in,' and se.cus, 'towards.' Applied to the internal 
 muscles of certain organs; as those of the ear, 
 tongue, and larynx. Linnasiis gave the name 
 Intrin' seci to internal diseases. 
 
 INTROITUS PELVIS, see Pelvis— i. Vaginse, 
 Rima vulvte. 
 
 INTROMIS'SION, Intromis'sio ; from intra, 
 'within,' and mitto, missnn), 'I send.' The act 
 of introducing one body into another, as Iittro- 
 missio Penis, (F.) Intromission de la Verge. 
 
 INTROSUSCEPTIO, Intussusceptio — i. En- 
 tropium, Entropion. 
 
 INTUBUM, Cichorium endivia — i. Erraticum, 
 Cichorium intybus. 
 
 INTUMES'CENCE, Intumeseen'tia, Oneo'sig, 
 Dionco'sis, from intumescere, [in, and tumescere, 
 'to swell.') Augmentation of size in a part or in 
 the whole of the body. Sauvages uses the word 
 Intumeseen'tia for an order of diseases, in which 
 he comprehends polj'sarcia, pneumatosis, ana- 
 sarca, cedema, phj'sconia, and pregnancy. 
 
 INTUMESCENTIA GANGLIFORMIS, Gan- 
 glion of Gasser, see Facial nerve — i. Lactea Mam- 
 marum, Sparganosis — i. Lienis, Splenoncus — i. 
 Semilunaris, Ganglion of Gasser. 
 
 INTUS INVERSUS, Transposition of the vis- 
 
 INTUSSUSCEP'TIO. from intus, 'within,' and 
 suscipio, susceptum, 'I receive.' Introsuscep'tio. In 
 pihysiology : — the mode of increase peculiar to 
 organized bodies. In pathology, like Convol'vu- 
 lus, Vol'vulus seu Suscepi'tio seu Parisago'ge in- 
 testino'rum, Chordap'sus, Enteroparisago'ge, In- 
 digita'tio, Tormen'tnm, and Invagina'tio, it means 
 the introduction of one part of the intestinal canal 
 —- intussuscep'tum — into another, which serves 
 it as a sort of vagina or sheath. Generally, it is 
 the upper part of the small intestine, which is re- 
 ceived into the lower — intussuscip'iens — when the 
 intussusception is said to be p)rogres'sive. At 
 times, however, it is ret'rograde. As the disease 
 cannot be positively detected by the symptoms, 
 it must be treated upon general principles. At 
 times, the invaginated portion has separated and 
 been voided per anum, — the patient recovering. 
 The disease is, however, of a very dangerous 
 character. 
 
 INTUSSUSCEPTUM, see Intussusceptio. 
 
 INTUSSUSCIPIENS, see Intussusceptio. 
 
 INTYBUM, Cichorium endivia. 
 
 INTYBUS HORTENSIS, Cichorium endivia. 
 
 INULA, see Inula helenium — i. Britannica, 
 I. dysenterica — i. Common, I. helenium — -i. Co- 
 nyza2a, I. dysenterica. 
 
 In'ul.v Dysenter'ica. The systematic name 
 of the Lesser Inula, I. Britan'niea seu Conyza'a, 
 Aster dysent.er'icns seu iindula'tus, Pulica'ria 
 dysenter'ica, Cony'za, C. media, Ar'nica Sueden'- 
 sis seu spu'ria, Cuni'la mas'cula seu me'dia, Cu- 
 nila'go, (Prov.) Glare's fat, (F.) Aunee antidys- 
 enterique, Herbe de Saint Rock. Nat. Ord. Com- 
 positas. This plant was once considered to pos- 
 sess great antidysenteric virtues. The whole 
 plant is acrid and somewhat aromatic. 
 
 Inula Helen'ium. The systematic name of 
 the El'ecampane, En'ula, E. campa'na, Elen'ium, 
 Necta'rium, Helenium, Aster helen'ium seu offici- 
 na'lis, Corvisar'tia helen'ium. Common Inula, (¥.) 
 Aunee ou Aunee officinale. The root In'ula 
 
INUNCTIO 
 
 508 
 
 IONIA 
 
 (Ph. U. S.) was formerly in high esteem in dys- 
 pepsia, cachexia, pulmonary affections, Ac. It 
 is now scarcely used. 
 
 Inula, Lesser, Inula dysenteriea — i. Squar- 
 rosa, Conyza squarrosa. 
 
 IKUNCTIO, Inunction, Liniment. 
 
 INUNCTION, Inunc'tio, Perunc'tio, TllWio, 
 lUi'tus, IUiuil"io, Oblinit"io, Chrisis, Catach'ri- 
 sh, Diach'ris'ls, Hpich' risis, Unctio, from inun- 
 gcre, inunction, (in, and ungere, vnctiiin,) 'to 
 anoint.' The act of rubbing in an ointment 
 or a liniment, unction, (F.) Onction, Inonction. 
 Inunction of the whole body with a piece of 
 bacon, lard, or with oil, has been recommended 
 in scarlatina, measles, and in scrofulous or tuber- 
 culous cachexia. 
 
 INUNDATIO, Depuration. 
 
 INUSTIO, Cauterization, Cauterium. 
 
 INUSTORIUM, Cauterium. 
 
 INVAG"INATED, luKagina'tus, from in, and 
 vagina, 'a sheath.' Applied to a part which is 
 received into another, as into a sheath. 
 
 The invaginated or slit and tail bandage is one 
 in which strips or tails pass through appropriate 
 slits or button-holes. 
 
 INVAGINATIO, Intussuseeptio. 
 
 INVAGINA'TION, Tnvagina'tio. Intussus- 
 eeptio. Also, an operation, which consists in in- 
 troducing one end of a divided intestine into the 
 other, with the view of restoring the continuity 
 of the intestinal canal. 
 
 The name Invagination is, likewise, given to 
 an operation for the radical cure of crural hernia, 
 which consists in introducing into the crural 
 canal a thick tent of eharpie, the effect of which 
 is, by compression and adhesive inflammation, to 
 obliterate the neck of the hernial sac. — Nysten. 
 
 INVALETUDO, Infirmity. 
 
 INVALID, Valetudinary. 
 
 INVALIDING-, (F.) Reforme. The removal 
 from the army of a soldier, who has become, from 
 infirmity, unfit for service. 
 
 INVALIDUS, Valetudinary. 
 
 INVASIO, Arche, Attack, Paroxysm. 
 
 INVERMINATION, Helminthiasis. 
 
 INVERSIO PALPEBRARUM, Entropion— i. 
 Uteri, Hysteroptosis, Uterus, inversion of the. 
 
 INVERSION BE LA 3IATRI0E, Uterus, 
 inversion of the — i. du Lamheau, see Flap. 
 
 INVERTENTIA, Absorbents, Antacids. 
 
 INVESTITURA FUNICULI UMBILICA- 
 LIS, see Funiculis umbilicalis. 
 
 INVETERATUS, Chronic. 
 
 INVISC'ANTIA, Incrassantia. 
 
 INVISCA'TIO OC'ULL from in, and viscum, 
 'bird lime.' A morbid adhesion of the eyelids to 
 each other, or to the globe of the eye. Also, 
 gluing together of the eyelids by a viscid secre- 
 tion. 
 
 INVOLU'CRUM, Invohtmen'tum, from invol- 
 vere, (in, and volvere, volutum.) 'to fold in.' A 
 covering : hence Involu'cra cer'ebri, the mem- 
 branes of the brain. Involu'cra nervo'rum, the 
 sheaths of the nerves. 
 
 IxvoLUCRUM Cordis, Pericardium — i. Corporis 
 commune. Integument — i. Linguae, see Tongue — 
 i. Membranaceum, Decidua reflexa — i. Nervorum, 
 Neurilemma — i. Reti comparatum, Retina. 
 
 INVOLUMENTUM. Involuerum. 
 
 INVOLVENTIA, Demulcents. 
 
 10 DE, Iodine. 
 
 lODES, ^ruginous. 
 
 lODETUM HYDRARGYRICUM, Hydrargyri 
 iodidum rubrum. 
 
 lODHYDRARGYRITE DE CHLORURE 
 AIERGUREUX, Mercury, iodide of chloride of. 
 
 lOD'IC, lod'icvs, (F.) lodique. Same etymon 
 as Iodine. Containing iodine. 
 
 IODIDUM HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDI, 
 
 Mercury, iodide of chloride of — i. Hydrargyricum, 
 Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum — i. Hydrargyrosum, 
 Hydrargyri iodidum. 
 
 I'ODINE, lo'dina, lo'divum (Ph. U. S., 1842), 
 lodin'ium (Ph. U. S., 1851), lodin'eum, lo'dum, 
 lo'dium, lo'uium, lo'num, (F.) lode; from iwirig, 
 viola'eeus, 'of a violet colour,' so called from the 
 violet vapour it exhales when volatilized. It is 
 contained in the mother waters of certain fuci, 
 and is obtained by pouring an excess of concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid on the water obtained by 
 burning different fuci, lixiviating the ashes and 
 concentrating the liquor. The mixture is placed 
 in a retort to which a receiver is attached, and is 
 boiled. The iodine passes over and is condensed. 
 It is solid, in the form of plates ,• of a bluish gray 
 colour, of a metallic brightness, and smell similar 
 to that of the chloride of sulphur. Its s. g. is 
 4.946. AVhen heated, it becomes volatilized, and 
 affords the vapour which characterizes it. With 
 oxygen it forms Iodic acid, and with hydrogen 
 Hi/driodio acid. The tincture of iodine and the 
 iodides have been emploj-ed with great success in 
 the treatment of goitre and of some scrofulous 
 affections. It must be administered in a very 
 small dose and for a long period. It is said to be 
 apt, however, to induce cholera morbus, signs of 
 great nervous iiTitability, lodome' the, (F.) Ivresne 
 iodiquc, and emaciation of the mammse. When 
 these symptoms, collectively termed I'odism, lo- 
 do'sis, and lodin'ia, (F.) Cacliexie iodee, are 
 urgent, the dose may be diminished, or it may be 
 wholly discontinued, and afterwards resumed. 
 
 Various preparations of iodine are employed in 
 medicine. 
 
 lODINED, Iodized. 
 
 I'ODIZED, /'orfi'nef/y lodisa'tus. Impregnated, 
 or affected with, iodine, or its preparations. 
 
 lUDINIA, see Iodine. 
 
 lODINIUM, Iodine. 
 
 lODINUM, Iodine. 
 
 lODIQUE, Iodic. 
 
 lODISM, see Iodine. 
 
 lODIUM, Iodine. 
 
 I'ODOFORM, lodofor'mum, (F.) lodoforme, lo- 
 diire de formyle ; so called from its analogy to 
 chloroform. It is obtained by the reaction on 
 each other of iodine, bicarbonate of potassa, water, 
 and alcohol. It is in crystalline plates, of a beau- 
 tiful citrine colour; and may be given in the same 
 cases as the other preparations of iodine. Dose, 
 one grain, three times a day. It is the sesqiii-ie- 
 dide of carbon. See Carbonis sesqui-iodidum. 
 
 lObOGNOSIE, lodognosis. 
 
 lODOGNO'SIS, (F.) lodognosie; from iodine, 
 and yvuiaii, 'knowledge.' A knowledge of iodine 
 in its various relations. — Dorvault. 
 
 lODOHYDRARGYRATE OF POTASSIUM, 
 see Iodine. 
 
 lODOMETHE, see Iodine. 
 
 lODOPE'GiE, from iodum, 'iodine,' and x^jyj?, 
 *a spring.' Mineral waters containing iodine. 
 
 lODOPHTHISIE, from iodine, and <piiaii, 
 'phthisis.' Loss of flesh and strength produced 
 by iodine. 
 
 lODOSIS, see Iodine. 
 
 lODUiM, Iodine. 
 
 lODURE BE FORMYLE, Iodoform — /. 
 de Ilercure, Hydrargyri iodidum — i. de Ploinb, 
 Plumbi iodidum — ?'. Plombique, Plumbi iodidum 
 — i. de Potassium, Potassae hydriodas — i. de 
 Quinine, Quiniae hydriodas — i. de Son/re, Sul- 
 phuris iodidum — i. de Zinc, Zinci iodidum. 
 
 lODURETUM AMMONIA, see Iodine — i. 
 Amyli, see Iodine — i. Hydrargyrosum, Hydrar- 
 gyri iodidum — i. Sulphuris, see Iodine. 
 " lODYMUS, Dicephalus. 
 
 ION, Viola. 
 
 IONIA, Teuorium chamrepitys. 
 
lONIDIUM MARCUCCI 
 
 509 
 
 IRIS 
 
 lOXID'IUM MARCUCCI, ChichinirhuIU — si 
 South American plant. Sex. Syst. Pentandria 
 Monogynia; Nat. OrfL Violarias ; said to be ex- 
 tremely efficacious in the Mai de San Lazaro, of 
 Colombia. 
 
 IONIUM, Iodine. 
 
 lOXTA, see Excretion. 
 
 lON'THUS, Varus, Violet Eruption, from lov, 
 'the violet,' and avQos, 'a flower,' or ovQoi, 'foul- 
 ness' [?]. An unsuppurative, tubucular tumour ; 
 stationary; chiefly on the face. A genus in the 
 class Hamatica, order Phlogotica of Good. 
 
 loNTHUs CoRYMBiFEE, Gutta rosca — i. Varus, 
 Acne. 
 
 lONUM, Iodine. 
 
 lOTACIS'MUS, from the Greek letter Iota. 
 Defective articulation, — the patient not being 
 able to pronounce the palatals j and g soft. 
 
 IPECAC, Apocynum androsasmifolium. Eu- 
 phorbia corollata, Gillenia trifoliata, Ipecacuan- 
 ha, Triosteum — i. American, Apocynum androsse- 
 mifolium — i. Wild, Euphorbia ipecacuanha. 
 
 IPECACUAN'HA. In common parlance, often 
 abridged to Ipecac, and in Ireland to Hippo. 
 The pharmacopoeial name of the root of Cephae'- 
 lis seu Callicoe'ea ipecacuan'ha, Ipecacvnn'hn, 
 Cagosanga, Hi/poucan'na, Hipponcan'iia, CF.) Tpe- 
 caciinnha aiinele. Nat. Ord. CinchonaceaB. It is 
 also obtained from the Psycho' tria emet'ica of 
 Peru. The odour of the root, fyecacnan'ha root, 
 Ipecaeiian'hcB radix, Eadix Brazilien'sis, — Ipe- 
 cacuanha (Ph. U. S.), (F.) Racine Bresilienne ou 
 de BrisH), — is faint and peculiar; taste bitter, 
 subacrid, and mucilaginous ; both water and alco- 
 hol extract its virtues, which depend on a pecu- 
 liar principle, called Emet'ia. It is emetic in 
 large doses ; sudorific in smaller. Dose, as an 
 emetic, gr. xx to xxx, — alone, or united with gr. 
 i. to ij of tartarized antimony. 
 
 Ipecacuanha, Euphorbia corollata, Pedilan- 
 thus tithymaloides — i. Annele, Ipecacuanha — i. 
 Bastard, Asclepias curassaviea, Triosteum perfo- 
 liatum — ?. Blanc de Vile de France, Tylophora 
 asthmatica — i. Blanc de St. Domingue, Asclepias 
 curassaviea — i. of the Isle of France, Tylophora 
 asthmatica. 
 
 Ipecacuan'ha, White, is ohtained from diffe- 
 rent species of BicJiardsonin and lonidium, Vi'- 
 ola ipecacuan'ha seu Solea ipecacuan'ha seu Poin- 
 ba'lea ij^ecacuan'ha also affords it. It is weaker 
 than the gray. 
 
 IPO. Upas. 
 
 IPOMCEA BATATOiDES, see Convolvulus ja- 
 lapa — i. Jalapa, Convolvulus jalapa — i. Macror- 
 rhiza, Convolvulus jalapa — i. Mestitlanica, see 
 Convolvulus jalapa — i. Nil, Convolvulus nil — i. 
 Opereulata, see Batata de purga — i. Orizatensis, 
 see Convolvulus jalapa — i. Purga, see Convol- 
 vulus jalapa — i. Schiedeana, see Convolvulus 
 jalapa. 
 
 IRA, Rage. 
 
 IRACUNDUS, Rectus externus oculi. 
 
 IRAL'GIA; Ireal'gia, Iridal'gia, from ipif, 
 'the iris,' and oKyoq, 'pain.' Pain in the iris. 
 
 IRASCIBLE, Rectus externus oculi. 
 
 IBEALGIA, Iralgia. 
 
 IREONCION, Iriancistron. 
 
 I'RIAN, Iria'nus, (F.) Irien. Belonging to the 
 iris. 
 
 IRIANCIS'TRON, Mdaneist' ran, Ireon'cion, 
 from ipii, and ayKiaTpov, 'a hook.' A hooked in- 
 strument, used by Schlagintweit in the formation 
 of an artificial pupil. 
 
 IRID^E'A EDU'LIS. One of the Algje, eaten 
 in Scotland and the Southwest of England. 
 
 IRIDALGIA, Iralgia. 
 
 IRIDANCISTRON, Iriancistron. 
 
 IRIDAUXE'SIS, from Iris, iridis, and av^r,aiq, 
 ' acgmentation ;' Staphylo'ma I'ridis, S. U'vece, 
 
 Iridonco'sis, Lymplion' cus I'ridis. Exudation of 
 fibrin into the tissue of the iris. 
 
 IRIDECTOMEDIALYSIS, see Coretomia. 
 
 IRIDECTOMIA, see Coretomia. 
 
 IRIDENCLEISIS. see Coretomia. 
 
 IRIDENCLEISMUS, see Coretomia. 
 
 IRIDERE'MIA, from Iris, iridis, and cptiijio;, 
 'deprived of;' Iridostere'sis. Absence of iris, 
 either apparent or real. 
 
 IRIDITIS, Iritis. 
 
 IRIDOCELE, Ptosis iridis. 
 
 IRIDOCOLOBOMA, Coloboma iridis. 
 
 IRIDODIALYSIS, Coretomia. 
 
 IRIDODONE'SIS, from Iris, and 6oviw, 'I 
 shake.' Tremulousness of the Iris. See Hippus. 
 
 IRIDOMALA'CIA, from Iris, iridis, and fia>.a- 
 Kia, 'softness.' Molleseence or softening of the iris. 
 
 IRIDOMELANO'MA, Iridovielano'sis, from 
 Iris, and yttXavtiv, ' to colour black.' The depo- 
 sition of black matter on the tissue of the iris. 
 
 IRIDONCO'SIS, Iridon'cus, Ironco'sia, Ilype- 
 ronco'sis Iridis, from Iris, and oyKo;, ' a swelling.' 
 Tumefaction or thickening of the iris. Also Iri- 
 dauxesis. 
 
 IRIDONCUS, Iridoncosis. 
 
 I R ID OPERIPHACI'TIS, IridoperiphaJri'tis, 
 from Iris, zcpi, 'around,' and jjhacitis, inflamma- 
 tion of the lens. Inflammation of the anterior 
 hemisphere of the capsule of the lens. 
 
 IRIDOPLANIA, Hippus. 
 
 IRIDOPTOSIS, Ptosis iridis. 
 
 IRIDOR'RHAGAS, Iridorrho'ge, Iridor'rhox, 
 Iridoschis'ma, Fissu'ra I'ridis, from Iris, and 
 payai;, 'a fissure.' Fissure of the iris. See Co- 
 loboma. 
 
 IRIDORRHOGE. Iridorrhagas. 
 
 IRIDORRHOX, Iridorrhagas. 
 
 IRIDOSCHISMA, Coloboma Iridis, Iridor- 
 rhagas. 
 
 IRIDOSTERESIS, Irideremia. 
 
 IRIDOTENCLEISIS, Coretomia. 
 
 IRIDOTOMEDIALYSIS, see Coretomia. 
 
 IRIDOTOMIA, see Coretomia. 
 
 TRIDOTROMUS, Hippus. 
 
 IRIEN, Irian. 
 
 IRIS, {gen. I'ridis) Gramwe. So called from its 
 resembling the rainbow in a variety of colours. 
 A membrane, stretched vertically at the anterior ^ 
 part of the eye, in the midst of the aqueous hu- 
 mour, in which it forms a kind of circular, flat 
 partition, separating the anterior from the poste- 
 rior chamber. It is perforated by a circular 
 opening called i\iQ pnjjil, which is constantly va- 
 rying its dimensions, owing to the varying con- 
 tractions of the fibres of the iris. Its posterior 
 surface has been called uvea, from the thick, 
 black varnish which covers it. The pigmentary 
 stratum, on its free surface, appears to be bounded 
 by a delicate, but sharply defined, line, which 
 has been described as a special membane — Mew- 
 hra'na pigmen'fi seu lim'itans seu lim'itans Paci'- 
 ju'seu Jaco'bi Arnold. The greater circumference 
 of the iris is adherent to the ciliary processes and 
 circle. It has an external plane of radiated fibres 
 and an internal one of circular fibres, which serve 
 — the one to dilate, the other to contract the 
 aperture of the pupil. The iris receives the irian 
 nerves. Its arteries are furnished by the long 
 ciliary arteries, which form two circles by their 
 anastomoses; the one very broad, near tlie great 
 circumference; the other, smaller, and seated 
 around the circumference of the pupil. The veins 
 of the iris empty themselves into the Vasa vorti- 
 cosa, and into the long ciliary veins. The use of 
 the iris seems to be, — to regulate by its dilatation 
 or contraction, the quantity of luminous raj-s 
 necessary for distinct vision. The different co- 
 lours of the iris occasion the variety in the colours 
 of the human eye. 
 
IRIS PUANT 
 
 510 
 
 IRRITABILITY 
 
 Iris, see Herpes Iris — i. Common, I. Germa- 
 nica — i. Commtin, I. Germanica — i. de Florence, 
 I. Florentina. 
 
 Ibis Florknti'na, Florentine iris or orris, (F.) 
 Iris de Florence. Order, Iridaceje. The rhizoma 
 of this plant is extremely acrid in its recent state; 
 and, when chewed, excites a pungent heat in the 
 mouth, that continues for several hours. When 
 dried, the acrimony is lost, or nearly so, and the 
 smell is very agreeable. It is indebted to its 
 agreeable flavour for its retention in the pharma- 
 copcBias, although it is ranked as an expectorant. 
 The orris root of the shops is said to consist of the 
 rhizomes of three species — /. Florentina, I. pal- 
 lida, and /. Germanica. 
 
 Iris FcETiDis'siMA, I.foe'tida, Spath'ula foe'ti- 
 da, Xyris, Stinkiny iris, (F.) Iris puant, Glayeul 
 puaut. The root has been esteemed antispasmo- 
 dic and narcotic. 
 
 Iris German'ica. The systematic name of the 
 Floioer-de-Luee, Iris nostras seu vulga'ris, Aier'- 
 eci, Common iris or orris, Gladi'olus caru'leus, 
 (F.) Iris commun, Flamhe. The fresh roots have 
 a disagreeable smell, and an acrid, nauseous taste. 
 They are powerfully cathartic, and are given in 
 dropsies, where such remedies are indicated. 
 
 Iris Hexagona, I. versicolor. 
 
 Iris Lacus'tris, Bioarf-flag, Dwarf lake-iris ; 
 Las the properties of I. versicolor. 
 
 Iris, Lake, Dwarf, I. lacustris — i. Lutea, I. 
 pseudacorus — i. des 3Iarais, I. pseudacorus — i. 
 Nostras, I. Germanica — i.Palustris, I. pseudacorus. 
 
 Iris Pseudac'orus. The systematic name of 
 the Yelloio icater-flag, Iris palas'tris seu lu'tea, 
 Gladi'olus lu'teus, Ac'oriis vulga'ris seu adulteri' - 
 nus seu palus'tris, Pseudac'orus, Bn'tomon, (F.) 
 Iris des marais. Faux aeore, Flamhe bdtard, Acore 
 bdtard. The root has an acrid, stypic taste. It 
 is an errhine, sialogogue, and acrid astringent. 
 The expressed juice is diuretic, and said to be a 
 useful application to serpiginous and other cuta- 
 neous affections. Rubbed on the gums, or chewed, 
 it is said to cure toothache. 
 
 IRIS PUANT, I. foetidissima — i. Stinking, 
 I. foetidissima. 
 
 Iris Vkrsic'olor, /. hexago'na. Blue flag. The 
 rhizoma of this is an active cathartic, and has 
 been much used, as such, by the American In- 
 dians. It is reputed to be diuretic. 
 
 Iris Virgin'ica, Slender Blue flag : and Iris 
 verna, are said to have virtues like those of I. 
 versicolor. 
 
 Iris Vulgaris, I. Germanica. 
 
 IRISITIS, Iritis. 
 
 IRI'TIS, Inflammation of the iris, Inflamma'tio 
 Iridis, Irisi'tis, Iridi'tis, from Iris, and itis, de- 
 noting inflammation, Uvei'tis of some. The chief 
 symptoms are; — change in the colour of the iris; 
 fibres less movable ; tooth-like processes shooting 
 into the pupil; pupil irregularly contracted, with 
 the ordinary signs of inflammation of the eye. 
 If the inflammation does not yield, suppuration 
 takes place ; and although the matter may be ab- 
 sorbed, the iris remains immovable. It is often 
 caused by syphilis. The general principles of 
 treatment are, to deplete largely and exhibit mer- 
 cury freely; along with attention to other means 
 advisable in ophthalmia. The free use of quinia 
 is sometimes serviceable. When the inflamma- 
 tion is seated in the serous covering of the iris, it 
 is termed Iritis sero'sa. 
 
 IRON, Ferrum — i. Acetate of, Ferri acetas — 
 i. and Alumina, sulphate of, Ferri et aluminis 
 sulphas — i. Ammoniated, Ferrum ammoniatum 
 — i. Ammonio-citrate of, Ferri ammonio-citras — 
 i. Ammonio-chloride of, Ferrum ammoniatum — 
 i. Ammonio-tartrate of, Ferri ammonio-tartras — 
 I. and Ammonia, citrate of, Ferri ammonio-citras 
 — i. and Quinia, Hydriodate of, see Iodine. 
 
 Iron Bark, see Kino. 
 
 Iron, Bromide of, see Bromine — i. Carbo- 
 nate of, saccharine, Ferri proto-carbonas — i. 
 Carburet of. Graphites — i. Black oxide of, Oxy- 
 dum ferri nigrum — i. Chloride of, Ferri chloridum 
 — i. Citrate of, Ferri citras — i. Citrate of the mag- 
 netic oxide of, see Ferri ammonio-citras — i. Fer- 
 rocyanuret of, Prussian blue — i. Ferroprussiate 
 of, Prussian blue — i. Filings, purified, Ferri lima- 
 tura purifioata — i. Hydrated oxide of, Ferrum 
 oxydatum hydratum — i. Hydrated peroxide of, 
 Ferrum oxydatum hydratum — i. Hydrated trit- 
 oxide of, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum — i. Hydri- 
 odate of, Ferri iodidum — i. Hydrobromate of, see 
 Bromine— i. Hydro-oxide of, Ferrum oxydatum 
 hydratum — i. Iodide of, see Iodine, and 
 Ferri iodidum — i. loduret of, Ferri iodidum — i. 
 Lactate of, Ferri lactas — i. Liquor, Ferri acetas — 
 i. and Magnesia, citrate of, Ferri et Magnesiije 
 citras — i. Magnetic Oxide of, Oxydum Ferri ni- 
 grum — i. Muriate of, Ferri chloridum — i. Nitrate 
 of, solution of, see Tinctura Ferri muriatis — i. 
 Perchloride of, Ferri chloridum — i. Peroxide of, 
 Ferri subcarbonas — -i. Phosphate of, Ferri phos- 
 phas — i. Pills of, compound, Pilulse ferri com- 
 positse — i. Potassio-citrate of, see Ferri ammonio- 
 citras — i. Protocarbonate of, Ferri protocarbonas 
 — i. Protoxide of, lactate of Ferri lactas. 
 
 Iron Pyrites, Ferri sulphuretum. 
 
 Iron, Quevbnne's, Ferri pulvis. 
 
 Iron and Quinia, citrate of, Ferri et Quiniae 
 citras — i. and Quinia, hydriodate of, see Quinia, 
 iodide of iodhydrate of. 
 
 Iron Reduced, Ferri Pulvis. 
 
 Iron, Sesquichloride of, Ferri chloridum — 
 i. Sesquinitrate of, Solution of, see Tinctura ferri 
 muriatis — i. Sesquioxide of, Ferri subcarbonas — i. 
 Sodio-citrate of, see Ferri ammonio-citras — i. Sul- 
 phate of, Ferri sulphas — i. Sulphuret of, Ferri 
 sulphuretum — i. Tannateof, Ferri tannas — i. Tar- 
 tarized, Ferrum tartarizatum — i. Ternitrate of, 
 solution of, see Tinctura ferri muriatis — i. Trito- 
 hydro-ferrocyanate of, Prussian blue. 
 
 Iron and Potass, Tartrate of, Ferrum tartari- 
 zatum. 
 
 Iron, Valerianate of, Ferri valerianas. 
 
 Iron Weed, Vernonia Noveboracensis. 
 
 IRONCOSIS, Iridoncosis. 
 
 IRRADIA'TION, Irradia'tio {ir and radius). 
 Shooting or proceeding from a centre — as an 
 ' irradiating pain.' 
 
 IRREDU'CIBLE, (F.) Irreductihle. An epi- 
 thet given to fractures, luxations, hernise, &c., 
 when they cannot be reduced. 
 
 IPIiUnUGTIBLE, Irreducible. 
 
 IRREG'ULAR, /cref/MZa'/-/*, Anom'alous; from 
 ir, negation, and regida, 'a rule.' A term chiefly 
 applied to the types of a disease; and also, to 
 the pulse when its beats are separated by unequal 
 intervals. 
 
 Irreg'ular Practit"ioner. One who does 
 not practise his profession according to rules 
 sanctioned by law or custom. 
 
 IRREMEDIABLE, Incurable. 
 
 IRREPTIO, Attack. 
 
 IRRIGA'TION, Irriga'tio, E mhroca' tio , Irro- 
 ra'tio : ' the act of watering or moistening,' from 
 in, and rigo, ' I water.' The methodical applica- 
 tion of water to an affected part, to keep it con- 
 stantly wet. 
 
 IRRITABILITAS, Irritability— i. Halleriana, 
 Irritability — i. Morbosa, see Subsultus tendinum 
 — i. VesicsB, Cysterethismus. 
 
 IRRITABIL'ITY, Irritahil'itas, from irrito, 
 (in, ' negation,' and ritus, 'the usual manner,') 'I 
 provoke.' Vis irritahilita' tis, V. Vita, V. in'sita 
 of Haller, V. vita'lis of Gorter, Oscilla'tio of 
 Boerhaave, Tonic power of Stahl, Vita pro'pria, 
 Irritahilitas Halleria'na, Inherent power, Con- 
 
IRRITABLE 
 
 511 
 
 ISCHIOCELE 
 
 traetil'ity, Exeitahil'ity, &c. (F.) Irritahilite, I. 
 Hallerieiuie. A power, possessed by all living, 
 organized bodies of being acted upon by certain 
 stimuli, and of moving responsive to stimulation. 
 It is the ultimate vital property. 
 
 IR'RITABLE, Irritab'ilU. That which is en- 
 dowed with irritability. Every living organized 
 tissue is irritable ; that is, capable of feeling an 
 appropriate stimulus, and of moving responsive to 
 such stimulus. Irritable is often used in the same 
 sense as impressible, as when we speak of an irri- 
 table person, or habit, or temper. This last con- 
 dition has been variously termed — Debil'itas 
 nervo'sa, D. Eretkis'ica, Hypercine'sia nervo'sa, 
 Neurastheni'a, Neurostheni'a, Sensibil'itas anora'- 
 ala, S. Jforbo'sa, S. aiicta. 
 
 IRRITAMBISr, Irritant, Stimulus. 
 
 IRRITAMENTUAI, Erethism, Irritant, Sti- 
 mulus — i. Metallicum, Galvanism. 
 
 IR'RITANT, Irri'tans, Irrita' men, Irritamen- 
 tum. Same etymon. That which causes irrita- 
 tion or pain, beat and tension ; either mechani- 
 cnlly, as puncture, acupuncture, or scarification; 
 chemically, as the alkalies and acids; or in a 
 spiecijic manner, as cantharides. 
 
 Irritants are of great use in the treatment of 
 
 dlS6clS6. 
 
 IRRITATING POISON, see Poison. 
 
 IRRITATIO. Erethism, Gargale, Irritation. 
 
 IRRITA'TION, Irrita'tio,Erethis'mus. Same 
 etj'mon. The state of a tissue or organ, in which 
 there is excess of vital movement; commonly 
 manifested by increase of the circulation and 
 sensibility. Broussais defines irritation to be ; — 
 the c<jndition of an organ, the excitation of which 
 is carried to so high a degree, that the equilibrium 
 resulting from the balance of all the functions is 
 broken. In this signification, he also uses the 
 word surirritation, which he considered as a 
 higher degree, and as the essential cause of fever. 
 Irritation is the precursor of inflammation. 
 
 Irrita'tiox, MouBID, Constitu' tional irritpition, 
 If' ritatice fever. Pseudo-fever, is that excitement 
 which occurs after injuries done to the body, or 
 to any part thereof; — constituting cases of dis- 
 eased si/mpalhy, 
 
 IRRITATIVE FEVER, Irritation, morbid. 
 
 IRRORATIO, Irrigation. 
 
 IS, Fibre. 
 
 ISADELPH'IA, from lao?, ' equal,' and aSe\(pu;, 
 'brother.' A double monstrosity, in which both 
 bodies are equally and perfectly developed, and 
 possessed of independent vital organs; and which 
 are united by parts of little significance. — Gurlt. 
 
 ISA'TIS TINCTO'RIA. Woad, P-.istel. Ord. 
 Capparidacese. A European plant, whose leaves 
 have a fugitive pungent smell, and an acrid 
 durable taste. They are not used, however, in 
 medicine at the present day, hut are the source 
 of the dye-stuff, woad. 
 
 ISCA, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 ISCH^'MIA, from laxi^, 'I retain,' and 'aifia, 
 'blood.' Morbid retention or suppression of an 
 habitual flux of blood, as of the hemorrhoidal or 
 menstrual flux or of epistaxis. See Hsematosta- 
 tioa. 
 
 ISCH^'MON, IsclicB'mum. Same etymon. A 
 medieine which restrains or stops bleeding. 
 
 IS'CHESIS, from itjx^iv, 'to retain.' Suppres- 
 sion or retention of a discharge or secretion. 
 
 IS'CHIA, MINERAL WATERS OP. In this 
 volcanic isle, five miles from Naples, there are 
 several thermal waters, one of which — that of Gur- 
 gitello — raises the thermometer of Fahr. to 167° 
 
 ISCHIACUS, Ischiatic. 
 
 ISCHIADELPIIUS, Ischiopages. 
 
 ISCHIADICUS MORBUS, Neuralgia femoro- 
 poplitsea — i. Nervus, Sciatic nerve. 
 
 ISCHIADOCELE, Ischiocele. 
 
 ISCH'IAGRA, Ts'cTiias, IschaVgia, from laxiovt 
 'the haunch,' and aypa, 'a seizure.' A namo 
 given to ischiatic gout. Femoro-popliteal nen- 
 ralffia has, also, been so called. 
 
 IS'CHIAL, Ischia'lis. Relating or belonging 
 to the ischion. 
 
 ISCHIALGIA, Ischiagra, Neuralgia femoro- 
 poplitasa. 
 
 ISCHIAS, Ischiagra — i. Nervosa Antica, Neu- 
 ralgia femoro-prsetibialis — i. Nervosa Cotunnii, 
 Neuralgia femoro-pnplitsea — i. Nervosa digitalis. 
 Neuralgia eubito-digitalis — i. Nervosa postica, 
 Neuralgia femoro-poplitsea — i. §, Sparganosi, 
 Phlegmatia dolens. 
 
 ISCHIAT'IC, Ischiad'ic, IscMat'iciis, Ischiad'- 
 icus, Isch'iacus, Sciat'ic, (F.) Jschiatiqne, from 
 tuXiov, 'the haunch;' whence the word Sciatic. 
 An epithet given to parts connected with the 
 ischium. The Sciatic Notches, (F.) Echnn- 
 crures Ischiatiques, are formed by this bone ; the 
 Ischiatic Spine belongs to it, and gives attach- 
 ment to the small sacro-sciatic ligament. The 
 TuBEROS'lTY OF THE ISCHIUM, Os sedenta' rivm. 
 Tuber la'chii, (F.) Tuberosite sciatique, is formed 
 by it. It receives the insertions of diflferent 
 muscles of the thigh, and forms the projection on 
 which the body rests when seated. 
 
 Ischiatic Artery, Sciat'ic Ar'tery, (F.) Arth-e 
 Femoro-Poplitee (Ch.) arises singly from the hy- 
 pogastric, or with the gluteal; and seems to be 
 really a continuation of the trunk of the hypo- 
 gastric. It issues from the pelvis, at the lower 
 part of the great sciatic notch ; and, afterwards, 
 divides into a considerable number of branches, 
 which are distributed particularly to the posterior 
 and superior region of the thigh. 
 
 Ischiatic Region, Sciat'ic region; Regio iscTii- 
 ad'iea. The region of the hip. 
 
 Ischiatic Vein presents the same arrange- 
 ment as the artery. 
 
 ISCHIATICUS, Sciatic, 
 
 ISCHIATOCELE, Ischiocele. 
 
 ISCIIIDRO'SIS, Sndo'ris snppres'gio, Oligid'- 
 Wa, from (<r;\;(/j, 'I restrain,' and ^iSpiag, 'sweat.' 
 Suppression of perspiration. 
 
 ISCmO. In composition, belonging or re- 
 lating to the ischium. 
 
 ISCHIOBLEN'NIA, Ischoblen'ma, from i(!X<^, 
 'I restrain,' and H^avva, 'mucus.' The suppres- 
 sion of a morbid but habitual discharge of mucus. 
 
 ISCIIIO-CAVERNO'SUS. Belonging to the 
 ischium and corpus cavernosum. 
 
 Ischio-Cavernosus muscle, Collatera'lia, Di- 
 rec'tor seu Erec'tor seu Sustenta'tor Penis, (F.) 
 Erecteur da Penis, Ischio-nrethral, (Ch.) is a 
 small, long, flat muscle, which surrounds the 
 origin of the corpus cavernosum. It is fixed 
 below to the inner side of the tuberosity of the 
 ischium, and above to the root of the penis, where 
 it is confounded with the fibrous membrane of 
 the corpus cavernosum. It draws the root of the 
 penis downwards and backwards. 
 
 Ischio-Cavernosus of the female, Erector 
 seu Sustenta'tor seu Superior rotun'dus elitor'- 
 idia, (F.) Jschio-clitoridien, Ischio sous-clitorien, 
 (Ch.), is arranged nearly as in the male, but is 
 less bulK-y. It arises, by aponeurosis, from the 
 tuberosity of the ischium, and terminates by em- 
 bracing the corpus cavernosum of the clitoris, to 
 the erection of which it appears to contribute. 
 
 ISCHIOCE'LE, Ischiatoce'le, lachiadoce'le, 
 Hernia ischiat'ica ; from tuxiov, 'the ischium,' 
 and Kr/yitj, ' tumour.' Ischiatic hernia. One in 
 which the viscera issue by the great sciatic notch. 
 It is a rare disease. The protruded parts must 
 be reduced — the patient being placed in a favour- 
 able position, and they must be retained by a 
 bandage. 
 
ISCHIO-CLITORIANUS 
 
 512 
 
 ISOCRATES 
 
 ISCHIO-CLITOIIIA'NUS. That which is 
 connected with the ischium and clitoris. 
 
 Ischio-Clito'rian Artery of Chaussier is a 
 division of the internal pudic, which furnishes 
 the two arteries of the clitoris — the superficial 
 and deep-seated. 
 
 Ischio-Clitorian Nf5rve, of the same pro- 
 fessor, is the superior branch of the pudic nerve, 
 which is distril)uted to the clitoris. 
 
 ISCHIO - CLTTOBWIEN, Ischio - cavernous 
 — i. Coocygeus, Coccycreus — !. Creti-tlbial, Serai- 
 tendinosus — i. Femoralis, Adductor magnus — 
 i. Femoro-jjeronicr, Biceps flexor cruris — i. Peri- 
 neal, Transversus perinsei — i. Poph'ti-femoral, 
 Semi - membranosus — i. Pupliti - tibial, Semi- 
 membranosus — ?. Pretihial, Scmi-tendinosus — 
 ?. Sous-ciitorien, Ischio-cavernosus — i. Sons-tro- 
 clianterien, Quadratus femoris — i. Spino-trochan- 
 terien, Ischio-trochanterianus — i. Urethral, Is- 
 chio-cavernosus. 
 
 ISCHIODYMIA, see Somatodymia. 
 
 IS'CHION, Ischium, Os ischii, Os coxen'dicis, 
 Hip-houe, HucJde-boiie, Seat-bone, (Se.) Ileuck- 
 bniie, Hukebane, Lunyiebane, (Prov.) Chancebnne, 
 Piiibone, (F.) Os de I'assiette. The lowermost of 
 the three portions which compose the os innomi- 
 natum in the foetus and young individual. The 
 inferior region of the same bone has, also, been 
 called ischium, in the adult. According to Hcsy- 
 chius, the ancients designated by the word is- 
 chion the capsular ligament of the coxo-femoral 
 articulation, as well as the articulation itself. 
 Some derive the word from taxa, the lumbar re- 
 gion ; others from the verb ktxw, ' I arrest,' ' I 
 retain ;' — because that bone serves as a base or 
 support for the trunk, when we are seated. 
 
 IscniON, Haunch. 
 
 ISCHIO -NEURALGIA, jSTeuralgia femoro 
 poplitsea. 
 
 ISCHIOPA'GES, Ischiadelph'us, from Ischion, 
 and s-ayu), 'I fasten.' A monstrous union of two 
 foetuses, in which they are attached to each 
 other by the ischia. — Geoffrey St. Hiliare. See 
 Hypogastrodidymus. 
 
 'ISCHIOPHTHI'SIS, Tahes coxa'ria sen iscTii- 
 ad'ioa, Phthisis ischiad'ica, from laxtov, 'ischium,' 
 nnil phthisis. Phthisis in consequence of suppu- 
 ration of the hip-joint. See Coxarum morbus. 
 
 ISCHIO-PROSTAT'ICUS. Winslow, Sancto- 
 rini, Albinus, and Sommering, have given this 
 name to the fibres of the transversus perinaei 
 muscle, which go towards the prostate. 
 
 ISCHIO-RECTAL FOSSA, Perineal fossa. 
 
 ISCHIOSIS, Neuralgia femoro pnplitsea. 
 
 ISCHIO-TROCHANTERIA'NUS, Gem'ini, 
 Gemel'li. Part of the Marsupia'lis of Cowper; 
 Gar'nenm 3fars}t'pium, Ischio-spini-trochanterien, 
 Secun'dus et ler'tius quadric/em'inus, (F.) Muscle 
 cannele, Accessoire d I'obturateur interne. Two 
 small, fleshy bundles, long and flat, which arise, 
 — the superior on the outside of the sciatic spine ; 
 the inferior behind the tuberosity of the ischium. 
 Both pass horizontally outwards, and are attached 
 to the tendon of the obturator internus, which 
 they accompany into the fossa of the trochanter. 
 These muscles are rotators of the lower limb out- 
 wards. They can, also, turn the pelvis on the 
 femur, in standing on one foot. 
 
 ISCHIUM, Ischion. 
 
 ISCHL, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 springs, which are in Upper Austria, contain 
 iodine and bromine. 
 
 ISCHNOPHO'NIA, from tcxvo;, 'slender,' and 
 (p-A)vTj, 'voice.' Slenderness of voice. — Hippo- 
 crates, Galen. 
 
 ISCHNOTES, Emaciation. 
 
 ISC HO, KTXf^, 'I keep back,' 'I restrain,' 'I 
 hM firm.' Hence : 
 
 ISCHOBLENNIA, Ischioblennia. 
 
 ISCHOCENO'SIS, from ttr^o), 'I arrest,' and 
 K€vu>cig, 'evacuation.' Retention or suppression 
 of a natural evacuation — as of the menses. 
 
 ISCHOCHOL'IA, from lax^o, 'I arrest,' and 
 XP^I) 'bile.' lleten'tio bilis. Pietention or sup- 
 pression of the biliary secretion. 
 
 ISCHOCOILIA, Constipation. 
 
 ISCHOCOPRIA, Constipation. 
 
 ISCHOGALAC'TIA, Keten'tio lacti8,h-ova lax'^, 
 and ya'ya, 'milk.' Want of milk in the mamma?. 
 
 ISCHOLOCH'IA or Ischolochi' a, Lochios'che- 
 sis, Suppres'sio lochio'rnm, fromi(T;^(j, ' I restrain,' 
 and Xox^ia, 'the lochial discharge.' lieten'tio 
 lochio'rnm. Suppression of the lochial discharge. 
 
 ISCHOMENIA, Amenorrhcea. 
 
 ISCHONEURALGIA, Neuralgia femoro-pop- 
 
 ISCHOPHONIA, Balbuties. 
 
 ISCHOSPER'MIA, from nr^w, ' I retain,' and 
 uTt^pjxa, 'sperm;' Sem'inis reten'tio. Retention 
 or suppression of the spermatic secretion. 
 
 ISCHURET'IC, Ischuret'icum. Same etymon 
 as the next. A medicine for relieving suppression 
 of urine. A diuretic. 
 
 ISCHU'RIA, Uri'nip suppres'sio. Stoppage of 
 urine, Sup>pres'sio lo'tii, Paru'ria retentio'nis ; 
 from itrx'^, 'I arrest,' 'I retain,' and ovgov, 'urine.' 
 Retention of, or impossibility of discharging, the 
 xxrmQ, Anurorrhee — Piorry. Often restricted to sup- 
 pression of the secretion, Renal Ischuria, Anu'ria, 
 Anure'sis, Nephranu'ria, Anurocrinie. — Piorry. 
 
 Ischuria Vera is that in which the urine, having 
 accumulated in the bladder, the patient is unable 
 to pass it, notwithstanding the inclination which 
 constantly distresses him. In false ischuria, Pa- 
 ru'ria inops, P. retentio'nis rena'iis. Ischuria 
 notha seu spu't-ia, of some, (F.) Suppression 
 d' Urine, owing to some disease of the kidney or 
 ureters, the urine cannot reach the bladder. 
 
 Ischuria has likewise received various other 
 names, according to the seat and character of 
 the obstacle which opposes the exit of the urine : 
 hence the expressions — Renal, Ureteric, Vesical, 
 Urethral, and Calculous Ischuria. Vesical Ischu- 
 ria is generally used synonymously with Reten- 
 tion of Urine, which see. 
 
 Ischuria Cysto-phlegmatica, Cystirrhosa — 
 i. Phimosica, see Phimosicus — i. Spasmodica, Cys- 
 tospasmus — i. Spuria, see Ischuria — i. Urethralis 
 a phimosi, see Phimosicus — i. Vera, see Ischuria 
 — i. Vesiealis, Retention of urine. 
 
 ISIC'IUM, I'sicos, In8ic"ium, Tomac'ulnm, 
 Tom'aclum, Tomac'inum. A kind of sausage, 
 formed of mixed meat and spices. 
 
 ISINGLASS, Ichthyocolla. 
 
 ISIR, Elixir. 
 
 ISIS NOBILIS, see Coral. 
 
 ISLAND OP REIL, Insula cerebri. 
 
 ISLE OP WIGHT, CLIMATE OF. This 
 beautiful island is a favourable summer retreat 
 for invalds. Undercliflf is the situation chosen 
 as a winter residence for phthisical valetudina- 
 rians. Cowes, Niton, Sandown, Shanklin, and 
 Ryde, are delightful summer residences. 
 
 ISNARDIA PALUSTRIS, Ludwigiapalustris. 
 
 I S C H ' R NOUS, Isoch'ronus, hochron'ius, 
 Isod'romHs, from lao;, 'equal,' and Xi'°voq, 'time.' 
 That which takes place in the same time, or in 
 equal times. The pulsations of the arteries, in 
 various parts of the body, are nearly isochronous. 
 
 ISOCH'RYSON, Aura compar ; from laog, 
 'equal,' and ;^pw(7oj, 'gold.' A collyrium, de- 
 scribed by Galen as worth its weight in gold. 
 Libavius has also given this name to an amal- 
 gam, made with equal parts of antimony and 
 mercury. 
 
 ISOCRATES, from laoq, ' equal,' and Kparog, 
 'strength.' A mixture of equal parts of wine and 
 water. — Hippocrates, 
 
ISODPtOMUS 
 
 513 
 
 IVROGNERIE 
 
 ISODROMUS, Isochronous. 
 ■ ISOLUSINE, see Polygala senega. 
 
 ISOM'ERIC, Isomer'icus, Isom'erus, Isomce'rus, 
 Isom'orus, from laoq, 'equal,' and /icpog, 'part.' 
 An epithet applied to different bodies which 
 agree in composition, but differ in properties. 
 The condition is termed Isom'erism. 
 
 ISOMERISM, see Isomeric. 
 
 ISOMORPHISM, see Isomorphous. 
 
 ISOMOR'PHOUS, homor'jyhus, Isomor'jjJiieus, 
 from laos, 'equal,' and iiop^ij, 'form.' An epithet 
 applied to different bodies which have the same 
 crystalline form. The condition is called Jso- 
 morph'ism. 
 
 ISONANDRA GUTTA, see Gutta pereha. 
 
 ISOPATHI'A, hop'athy, from lo-oj, 'equal,' 
 and 7ra0of, ' disease.' This term has been used 
 by some of the German writers to signify the 
 cure of diseases by the disease itself, or its pro- 
 ducts; — under the hypothesis, that every conta- 
 gious disease contains in its contagious matter 
 the means for its cure; — thus, that variola may 
 be cured by homoeopathic doses of variolous 
 matter; syphilis, with venereal matter, <fcc., <fce. 
 Others have given to isopathy another form ; — 
 maintaining, that every diseased organ has its 
 remedy in the same organ, — that eating liver, for 
 example, will remove disease of the liver ! 
 
 Isopathia has been used by an American writer 
 — Dr. J. M. B. Harden, of Georgia — to mean 
 ^'Parallelism of Diseases ;" "the disposition of 
 diseases to 'anastomose with each other/ or to 
 wear each other's livery." 
 
 ISSUE, Fonticulus — i. Peas, Aurantia curas- 
 saventia, see Fonticulus. 
 
 ISTHME D UG OSIER, Isthmus of the fauces. 
 
 ISTHMION, Isthmus, Pharynx. 
 
 ISTHMI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Fau'cium sen Pa- 
 la'ti, Angi'na simplex seu mitis seu fau'cium, 
 Angor fau'cium, Ci/nan'che simplex, (F.) Angine 
 simple, from isthnus, and itis, denoting inflam- 
 mation. Inflammation of the isthmus faucium, 
 and of the fauces. See Cynanche pharyngea, 
 and Angina. 
 
 ISTHMIUM, Isthmus. 
 
 ISTHMOCATAR'RHUS; from laOpo?, 'the 
 fauces/ and Karappoo;, ' catarrh.' Catarrh of the 
 fauces. 
 
 ISTHMODYN'IA, from ladfio;, 'the fauces/ 
 and oSvvr;, 'pain.' Pain in the fauces. 
 
 ISTHMOPLE'GIA; from itrS^of, 'the fauces/ 
 and TrXriYV, 'a stroke.' Paralysis of the fauces. 
 
 ISTHMOS, Pharynx. 
 
 ISTHMOTYPHUS, Cynanche maligna. 
 
 ISTHMUS, Isth'mion, Isth'miwn, (F.) Isthme. 
 A tongue of land joining a peninsula to a conti- 
 nent, or which separates two seas. Anatomists 
 have given the name Isthmus of the Fauces, I. 
 Fau'cium, Claustrum Gut'turis, (F.) Isthme du 
 gosier, to the strait which separates the mouth 
 from the pharynx. It is formed above by the 
 velum palati and uvula; at the sides, by the pil- 
 lars of the fauces and the tonsils ; and below, by 
 the base of the tongue. Also, the Fauces. 
 
 Isthmus op the Enceph'alon. The narrowed 
 and constricted portion of the encephalic mass, 
 situate between the cerebrum, the cerebellum and 
 the medulla oblongata, which corresponds to the 
 free margin of the tentorium cerebelli, and com- 
 prises the pons varolii, and middle peduncles of 
 the cerebellum, the peduncles of the cerebrum, 
 the tubercula quadrigemina, the superior pedun- 
 cles of the cerebellum, and the valve of Vieus- 
 sens. — Cruveilhier. 
 
 Isthmus of the Fossa Ova'lis: Isthnus Vieus- 
 sen'ii, Striga cartilagino'sa cordis, is the promi- 
 nent areh formed above the fossa ovalis by the 
 union of the two pillars which bound the cavity. 
 33 
 
 Isthmus of the Thyroid Gland is a narrow 
 band that unites the two chief lobnles composing 
 the thyroid gland. 
 
 Isthmus Hepatis, see Lobulus anonymus — i. 
 Urethrse, see Urethra — i. Uteri, see Uterus — i. 
 Vieussenii, Isthmus of the fossa ovalis, see Ovalis 
 fossa. 
 
 ITALIAN JUICE, Extractum glycyrrhizs. 
 
 ITALICUS MORBUS, Syphilis. 
 
 ITCH, Psora — i. Animalcule, see Psora — i. of 
 Animals, Scabies ferina. 
 
 Itch, Bakers', see Psoriasis — i. Barbers', Sy- 
 cosis— i. Bricklayers', Eczema impetiginodes. 
 
 Itch, Cowpox. A cutaneous eruption, ob- 
 served and described by Golis, which appeared 
 after the fourteenth day from vaccination, and 
 consisted of isolated vesicles, often filled with a 
 puriform fluid. 
 
 Itch, Drunkards', Psora ebriorum — i. Gro- 
 cers', see Psoriasis. 
 
 Itch Insect, see Psora — i. Mite, see Psora. 
 
 Itch, Venereal, Scherlievo. 
 
 Itch Weed, Veratrum viride. 
 
 ITCHING, Parap'sis 2}ruri'tus, Autal'gia pru- 
 rigino'sa, Pruri'tus, Pruri'go, Cnesmos, Cnesma, 
 (Sc.) Youk, YuJce, (F.) Prurit. Demangeaison. 
 A sensation, more inconvenient than painful, 
 seated especially at the surface of the body, which 
 provokes the patient to scratch the part. It may 
 be either an external or an internal sensation : 
 that is, produced by an external body, or by some 
 modification in the organic actions of the part to 
 which it is referred. 
 
 ITEA, Salix. 
 
 ITER A TERTIO AD QUARTUM VEN- 
 TRICULUM, Aquwductus Sylvii — i. Dentis, see 
 Gubernaculum dentis — i. Femineum, Perinajum 
 — i. ad Infundibulum, Vulva — i. a Palato ad 
 Aurem, Eustachian tube — i. ad Quartum ventri- 
 culum, Aquffiductus Sylvii — i. ad Tertium ventri- 
 eulum. Vulva — i. Urinae, Urethra — i. Urinarium, 
 Urethra. 
 
 ITHYPHAL'LUS, from t^u?, 'straight,' and 
 (jiaWos, 'penis.' An amulet, in the form of an 
 erect penis, anciently worn round the neck, to 
 which were attributed alexiterial properties. 
 
 ITINERARIUM, Conductor, Director. 
 
 ITIS, from itj??, 'bold,' 'rash,' [?]. A suffix 
 denoting inflammation: — as encephahvrs, inflam- 
 mation of the encephalon ; — • Plenr('(i'.s, inflam- 
 mation of the pleura. According to some, as 
 Kraus, encephali7('s, for example, was, with the 
 ancients, the adjective agreeing with voao;, 'a 
 disease,' understood to express a disease of the 
 encephaloD, and it was only in modern times, that 
 the suffix was used to denote inflammation. 
 
 IVA, Teucrium iva — i. Arthritica, Teucrium 
 chamaepitys — i. Moschata Monspeliensium, Teu- 
 crium iva — i. Pecanga, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 IVETTE MVSQUEE, Teucrium iva — )\ Pe- 
 tite, Teucrium cham83pitys. 
 
 IVOIRE, Ivory. 
 
 IVORY, Ebur, El'ephas, (F.) Ivoire. The tusk 
 of the elephant. It is chiefly composed of phos- 
 phate of lime, and is used for the fabrication of 
 pessaries, artificial teeth, handles of instruments, 
 &c. Formerly, when calcined to whiteness, it 
 entered into some pharmaceutical preparations. 
 It was regarded as astringent and anthelmintic, 
 and was called Spo'dium. 
 
 The dentine is the ivory of the human tooth. 
 See Tooth. 
 
 Ivory Black, see Carbo animalis — i. Vege- 
 table, Phytelephas macrocarpa. 
 
 IVRAIE, Lolium temulentum. 
 
 IVRESSE, Temulentia — i. lodique, see Iodine 
 — ?■. Quinique, Quininism. 
 
 IVROGNERIE, see Temulentia. 
 
IVY 
 
 514 
 
 JATROPHA MANIHOT 
 
 IVY, Hedera helix, Kalmia angustifolia — i. 
 American, Ampelopsis quinquefolia — i. Big, Kal- 
 mia latifolia — i. Fine-leaved, Ampelopsis quin- 
 quefolia — i. Ground, Glecoma hederacea. 
 
 IXIA, Varix, Viscum album. 
 
 IXINE, Atractylus gummifera. 
 
 IX IR, Elixir. 
 
 IXOS, Viscum album. 
 
 IXUS, Galium aparine. 
 
 IXYOMYELI'TIS, from i^vs, 'the lumbar re- 
 gion,' fiueAos, 'marrow,' and itis, denoting inflam- 
 mation. Inflammation of the spinal marrow in 
 the lumbar region. 
 
 IXYS, i^vs, Ix'ya, Ix'ye. Used by different 
 authors for the ilia, flanks, and loins j most fre- 
 quently for the last. 
 
 J. 
 
 ,- I 
 
 JABOT, Ingluvies. 
 JACA INDICA, Thymus mastichina. 
 JACEA, Tricolor, Viola Tricolor— j. Ramosis 
 siina, Centaurea ealcitrapa. 
 
 JACENS, Sick. 
 
 JACK OF THE BUTTERY, Sedum acre— j 
 in the Hedge, Alliaria. 
 
 JACKET, BARK. A jacket of flannel or cot- 
 ton in which powdered bark is quilted. It is 
 occasionally worn as an antiperiodic and tonic. 
 
 JACKSON'S BATHING SPIRITS, Linimen- 
 tum saponis compositum. 
 
 JACOBiEA, Senecio Jaeobaea. 
 
 JACOBEE, Senecio Jacobeea. 
 
 JACOB'S COAT, Tunica Jacobi— j.'s Ladder, 
 false, Polemonium reptans — j.'s Membrane, Tu- 
 nica Jacobi — ^j.'s Ulcer, Lupus. 
 
 JACOBSON, VENOUS SYSTEM OF, see Ve- 
 nous system. 
 
 JACOBSON'S ANASTOMOSIS, see Petrosal 
 ganglion. 
 
 JACTA'TION, Jactita'tion, Jacta'tio,Jacta'tus, 
 lihiptas'mos, Jactita'tio, from jactare, 'to toss 
 about.' Extreme anxiety ; excessive restlessness; 
 — a symptom observed in serious diseases. 
 
 JACTITATIO, Inquietude, Jactation. 
 
 JADE NEPHRITE ou ORIENTALS, Ne- 
 phreticus lapis. 
 
 JAGGERY, Spirit Arrack, see Toddy. 
 
 JAGRE, see Tari. 
 
 JALAP, Convolvulus jalapa, Phytolacca de- 
 candra — j. Blanc, Convolvulus mechoacan — j. 
 Cancer root, Phytolacca deeandra — j. Fusiform, 
 light male, see Convolvulus jalapa — j. Wild, Con- 
 volvulus panduratus. 
 
 JALAPA, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 
 JALAPINE, see Convolvulus jalapa. 
 
 JALAPIUM, see Convolvulus jalapa. 
 
 JALAPPA, Convolvulus jalapa — j. Alba, Con- 
 volvulus mechoacan. 
 
 JALEYRAC, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These waters are situate two leagues from Mau- 
 riac, in France, on the road from Clermont in 
 Auvergne. The waters contain lime and carbo- 
 nate of soda, and are esteemed to be tonic, ape- 
 rient, Ac. 
 
 JALOPA, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 
 JAMAICA, see West Indies — j. Bark tree, 
 Bursera gummifera. 
 
 JAMAICINE, see Geoffrsea inermis. 
 
 JAMBES BE BARB ABE, see Elephantiasis 
 — j. dii Cervelet, Corpora restiformia. 
 
 JAMBIER, Tibial —j. Anteriew; Tibialis an- 
 ticus — j. Grele, Plantar muscle — J. Posterieur, 
 Tibialis posticus. 
 
 JAMES'S ANALEPTIC PILLS, see Ana- 
 leptica. 
 
 JAMESTOWN AVEED, Datura stramonium. 
 
 JANAMUNDA, Geum urbanum. 
 
 JANDERS, Icterus. 
 
 JA'NICEPS, from Janus, a divinity with two 
 faces, and caput, 'head.' A double monster, the 
 two bodies intimately united above a common 
 umbilicus ; and a double head, with the faces 
 Looking in opposite directions.— I. G. St. Hilairo. 
 
 JANIPHA MANIHOT, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 JANITOR, Pylorus. 
 
 JANITRIX, Porta vena. 
 
 JANON-TARENTISME, Tarantismns. 
 
 JANUS, Dicephalus. 
 
 JAQUIER, Artocarpus. 
 
 JARRET, Poples. 
 
 JARRETIER, Poplitseus muscle, Hamstring. 
 
 JARRETIERE (F.), Peris'ccUs, a garter, 
 from garetum or garretum, in low Latin, the ham. 
 A kind of furfuraceous herpes, which occupies 
 the part of the leg where the garter is worn. 
 
 JASMIN, Jasminum ofiicinale. 
 
 JASMINUM ARABICUM, Coffea Arabum. 
 
 Jas'minui[ Officina'le, Jas?/jfrt!/»i,Jeeeni'i'«u)n, 
 the Jes'samine, (F.) Jasmin. Ord. Jasminete. 
 The flowers of this beautiful plant have a very 
 fragrant smell, and a bitter taste. They afford, 
 by distillation, an essential oil; which is much 
 esteemed in Italy, for rubbing paralytic limbs, 
 and in the cure of rheumatic pains. 
 
 JASPER, Jaspis. 
 
 JASPIS, Jasper. A precious stone, supposed 
 by the ancients to be capable of arresting hemor- 
 rhage when worn as an amulet. 
 
 JATAMANSI, SumbuL 
 
 JAT'ROPHA CURCAS, (from laofiai, 'I heal,' 
 and rp£<pijL.i, 'I nourish.') Ric"inus major, Rici- 
 no'i'des, Pi'neus seu Curcas purgans, Pinho'nes 
 In'dici, Fuha cathar'tiea, AveUa'na cathar'tica, 
 Nux cathar'tica America'na seu Barbaden'sis, 
 Physic Nut, (F.) Pignon d'Inde, Medicinier ca- 
 thartique. Grand haricot de Perou, Pignon de 
 Barbaric, Noix cnthartique, N. Americaine ou 
 des Barbadcs. iVbrY. Orrfe)-, Euphorbiacea?. The 
 seeds of this plant afford a quantity of oil, given, 
 in many places, like the castor oil; to which, in- 
 deed, it is nearly allied. They contain a peculiar 
 acid, the JatropMc or Igasuric. 
 
 The seeds of Jatropha Multif'ida are called 
 Purging Nuts, and give out a similar oil. 
 
 Jathopha Elastica, see Caoutchouc. 
 
 Jatropha Man'ihot, Jan'ijjha Man'ihot, Man- 
 ihot ^itiliss'ima. Bitter Cassa'va. The plant af- 
 fording the Cassa'da or Cassa'va Root, Caca'vi, 
 Cassa've, Cazabi, Pain de Madagascar, Rie"iniia 
 Minor, Man'ioc, Mandioc, Magnoc, Maniot, Yucca, 
 Maniibar, Aipi, Aipima eoxera, Aipipoca, Jani- 
 j)ha. The juice of the root is extremely acrid 
 and poisonous. What remains, after expressing 
 it, is made into cakes or meal ; of which the cas- 
 sada or cassava bread is formed. This bread 
 constitutes a principal food of the inhabitants of 
 those parts where it grows. 
 
 The fecula of the root forms Tapioca, Cipipa, 
 Fec'ida Tapio'ha, Am'ylum manihot'icum, which 
 
JAUNDERS 
 
 515 
 
 JUGALIS 
 
 is very nutritious. It may be prepared in the 
 same manner as sago. 
 
 A factitious Tapioca is met with in the shops, 
 which is in very small, smooth, spherical grains, 
 and is supposed to be prepared from potato starch. 
 It is sold under the na.in& pern-l tapioca. 
 
 Jatropha Urexs. a most deadly plant. The 
 touch of its five bristly stings had nearly cost 
 Mr. Smith, the curator of Kew gardens, his life. 
 
 JAUNDERS, Icterus. 
 
 JAUNDICE, Icterus— j. Black, MeljEna — j. 
 Green, Icterus viridis — j. Lead, Icterus satur- 
 ninus — j. Red, Phenigmus. 
 
 JAUNE, Yellow— J. d'(Euf, see Ovum. 
 
 JA UNISSE, Icterus. 
 
 JAW BONE, Maxillary Bone. 
 
 JAW-DISEASE, PHOSPHORUS, see Phos- 
 phorl^s. 
 
 JEAN-DE-GLAINES, ST., MINERAL WA- 
 TERS OF. These waters are situate two leagues 
 from Billom in Auvergne. They contain chlo- 
 ride of calcium, and carbonate of magnesia; dis- 
 solved in an excess of carbonic acid. 
 
 JEANNETTE, Narcissus pseudonareissus. 
 
 JECINUS, Liver. 
 
 JECORAIRE, Hepatic. 
 
 JECORAL, Hepatic. 
 
 JECORARIA, Marchantia polymorphia. 
 
 JECORARIUS, Hepateros, Hepatic. 
 
 JECORIS VOMICA, see Hepatitis. 
 
 JECTIGA'TIO. A word used by Van Helmont 
 for a species of epilepsy or convulsion. 
 
 JECUR, Liver — j. Uterinum, Placenta. 
 
 JEFFERSO'NIA BARTO'NI, J. BipTiyl'la, 
 Common Tiuinleaf, Yellow Root, Rheumatism 
 Root, Helmet Pod, Oround Squirrel Pea. An 
 indigenous plant, belonging to Nat. Ord. Berbe- 
 ridese, Sex. Syst. Octandria Monogynia ; which 
 possesses medical properties analogous to those 
 of hydrastis. 
 
 JEJUNITAS, Hunger. 
 
 JEJUNI'TIS; a term of hybrid formation,— 
 from Jejunum, 'the intestine jejunum,' and itis, 
 a suffix denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
 of the ieiunum. 
 
 JEJUNIUM, Hunger, Fasting. 
 
 JEJU'NUM, from jejunus, 'empty;' Nestis, 
 vrjaTi;, Nesti'a. The part of the small intestine 
 comprised between the duodenum and ileum. It 
 has been so called, because it is almost always 
 found empty in the dead body. 
 
 JELLY, Gelly— j. of the Cord, Gelatin of 
 Wharton — j. Rice, see Oryza — j. Water, Bra- 
 senia hydropeltis. 
 
 JENEPERE. Juniperus communis. 
 
 JENKINSONIA ANTIDYSENTERICA, Pe- 
 largonium antidysentericum. 
 
 JERGON, see Arrow-poison. 
 _ JERKING RESPIRATION, Respiration, 
 jerking. 
 
 JERKS, see Mania, dancing. 
 
 JEROFFLERIS. Dianthus caryophyllus. 
 
 JERSEY, CLIMATE OF. Jersey is the 
 largest of the islands of the British Channel, and 
 is most frequented by invalids. Its climate 
 closely resembles that of the south-west coast 
 of England, and especially of Penzance, and it is 
 adapted to the same class of invalids. 
 
 JERUSALEM OAK OF AMERICA, Cheno- 
 podium anthelminticum. 
 
 JESEMINUM, Jasminum officinale. 
 
 JESSAMINE, Jasminum officinale— j. Yellow, 
 Gelseminum nitidum. 
 
 JETICUCU, Batata de purga. 
 
 JEUNESSE, Adolescence. 
 
 JEWBUSH, Pedilanthus tithymaloides. 
 
 JEWEL WEED, Impatiens balsamina. 
 
 _ JEW'S EAR, Peziza auricula— j. Harp, Tril- 
 lium latifolium. 
 
 JIGGER, Chicjue. 
 
 JIMPSON WEED, Datura stramonium. 
 
 JIMSTON WEED, Datura stramonium. 
 
 JIZZEN-BED, see Parturition. 
 
 JOANNESIA PRINCEPS, Anda. 
 
 JOANNETTE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Several springs are found at Joannette, about 
 five leagues from Angers, in France. The waters 
 are both cold and warm, and contain sulphate of 
 lime; subcarbonate of soda; chloride of sodium; 
 some iron; chloride of calcium, and, sometimes, 
 a kind of saponaceous matter. They are chiefly 
 used as a tonic in chlorosis, leucorrhoja, &c. 
 
 JOE PYE, Eupatorium perfoliatum, and E. 
 purpureum. 
 
 JOHNE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Johne 
 is a village near Dol in Franche-Comte, France, 
 where is a mineral spring, which contains sub- 
 carbonate of soda, and subcarbonates of magne- 
 sia and iron. It is used chiefiy as a bath in 
 certain diseases of the skin, and in atonic affec- 
 tions. 
 
 JOINT, Articulation— i. Ball and Socket, En- 
 arthrosis — j. Dove-tail, Suture — j. Stiff, Anky- 
 losis. 
 
 JONAS. Icterus. 
 
 Jonas, Mineral Waters op. This spring is 
 situate to the south-west of Bourbon-l'Archam- 
 bault, in France. The waters contain chloride 
 of calcium and sulphate of lime; chloride of 
 sodium, and sulphate of soda: carbonate of 
 iron, and carbonic acid gas. They are tonic and 
 aperient. 
 
 JORDAN'S WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 These are in Virginia, five or six miles from Win- 
 chester. They are used in the same cases as sul- 
 phureous springs in general. 
 
 JOT-GUT, Rectum. 
 
 JOUAN, ST., MINERAL WATERS OF. St. 
 Jouan is a village, near Saint-Malo, in France, 
 The water is a cold chalybeate. 
 
 JOUBARBE ACRE, Sedum— y. des Toits, 
 Sempervivum tectorum — j. des Vignes, Sedum 
 telephium. 
 
 JOUE, Genu. 
 
 JOULOS, Julus. 
 
 JOUR. Dies. 
 
 JOURS CANICULAIRES, Dog days—,/. 
 Critiques, Critical days — j. Indicoteiirs, Indi- 
 cating days — j. Paroxyntiques, see Paroxyntie. 
 
 JOVIS FLOS, Crocus— j. Glans, Juglans. 
 
 JUCATO CALLELOE, Phytolacca deeandra. 
 
 JUDjE'US, Juda'ictis seu Phoeniei' tes Lapis, 
 Tecol'ithos, (F.) Pierre Jndaique. A stone, 
 found in Judjea, Palestine, &c. CaJled, also. 
 Lapis Syriaciis. It was formerly esteemed to be 
 diuretic and lithontriptic. 
 
 JUDGMENT, Jndic"um, fF.) Jugement. The 
 faculty of the intellect, by which ideas are com- 
 pared with each other, and their relative worth 
 appreciated. 
 
 JUDICATORII DIES, Critical days. 
 
 JUDICIUM, Judgment. 
 
 JUGA ALVEOLARIA, see Alveolar arches. 
 
 Ju'ga Cereera'lia. Prominences on the inner 
 surface of the bones of the cranium, between the 
 digital impressions. 
 
 JUGAL, Zygomatic — j. Process, Zygomatic 
 process. 
 
 JuGAL Region, Re'gio Juga'Us. The region 
 of the cheek-bone. 
 
 JUGALE OS, Malse os. 
 
 JUGALIS, Zygomatic. 
 
 JuGALis Suto'ra, from Ivyov, j'ugum, (from 
 jungere, jitnctiim, 'to join,') 'a yoke.' The 
 suture which unites the Os MaloB or Os Juga'le 
 
JUGEMENT 
 
 516 
 
 JUNIPEEUS COMMUNIS 
 
 with the superior maxillary bone. Also, the 
 sagittal suture. 
 
 JUGEMENT. Judgment. 
 
 JUGEOLINE, Sesamum orientale. 
 
 JUGLANS, BLACK. J. nigra. 
 
 JuGLANS Ciner'ea {Ju-glnns, quasi Jovis glans), 
 Butter or Oil Nut, White Walnut. Ord. Juglan- 
 daceae. The inner bark of the root of this tree, 
 Juglnns (Ph. U. S.), which is abundant in the 
 United States, is used in medicine, in the form 
 of extract, as an efficacious and mild laxative, in 
 doses of from 10 to 20 grains. It is in the 
 secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
 States. 
 
 Jug LANS Nigra, Black Juglans, Blach Walnut: 
 indigenous. The rind of the unripe fruit is said 
 to remove ringworm and tetter. A decoction has 
 been given as an anthelmintic. 
 
 Juglaks Re'gta, JiKjlans, Niix Jucflans, Carya 
 basil' ica, Kapva, Carya. The Walnut, French 
 nut, (F.) Noyer, the tree; Noix, the nut, Kapvov, 
 Oar'yon. The unripe fruit, in the state in which 
 it is piciiled, was formerly esteemed to be anthel- 
 mintic. The putamen or green rind of the walnut 
 has been celebrated as a powerful antisj'philitic, 
 and used as a sort of diet drink. The kernel is 
 an agreeable article of dessert; but, like all nuts, 
 is difficult of digestion. The expressed oil, Huile 
 de Noix, is used in Prance as an aliment, and, 
 like other fixed oils, is laxative. 
 
 Various preparations of the leaves have been 
 recommended in scrofulous affections. 
 
 JUG'ULAR, Jugula'ris, from jvguliim, (itself 
 from, j'ugum, because the 'yoke' was attached 
 there,) 'the throat.' Relating to the throat. 
 
 Jugular Fossa, Fossa Jugula'ris, is a cavity 
 in the petro-oceipitnl suture. It is formed by the 
 petrous portion of the temporal bone, and by the 
 occipital bone, and lodges the origin of the inter- 
 nal jugular vein. It is, sometimes, called thimble- 
 like cavity. 
 
 Jugular Veins, Vence Jugula'res sen sphagit'- 
 ides seu apoplee'ticce seu anpora'les. These are 
 situate at the lateral and anterior parts of the 
 neck. They are two on each side; one external, 
 the_ other internal. 1. The External Jugular 
 Vein, Trachelo-sous-cutanie, (Ch.) is of less size 
 than the internal. It descends, almost vertically, 
 along the anterior and lateral part of the neck, 
 from the cervix of the lower jaw to the subcla- 
 vian vein, into which it opens, a little above the 
 internal jugular. It is formed by the internal 
 maxillary, superficial temporal, and posterior au- 
 ricular veins. It is this vein which is commonly 
 opened in bleeding in the neck. 2. The Internal 
 Jugular Vein, V. Cephalique (Ch.), Vena ajio- 
 plcc'tiea, is much larger, and more deeply seated 
 than the preceding. It descends, vertically, along 
 the anterior and lateral part of the neck, from the 
 posterior part of the foramen lacerum posterius as 
 far as the subclavian vein. It commences at the 
 sinus of the jugular vein, (F.) Golfe de la veine 
 jugtdaire, and receives the blood, which returns 
 by the sinus of the dura mater, and that of the 
 facial, lingual, pharyngeal, superior thyroid, oc- 
 cipital, and diploic veins. 
 
 JUGULUM, Clavicle, Throat— j. Uteri, Collum 
 uteri. 
 
 JUGUM PENIS, Presse-uretJire. 
 
 JUICE. EXPRESSED, see Succus. 
 
 JU'JUBE, Ju'juha, Ziz'yphum, BacccB jujuhcB, 
 B. ^Ziz'yphi. A word of Arabic origin. The 
 fruit of Bhamnus Ziz'yphus seu Zlz'yphns vnlga'- 
 ris. Ord. Rhamnece. A native of the south of 
 Europe. It was formerly ranked amongst the 
 pectoral fruits. It has an agreeable sweet taste. 
 The fruits of two other species of Zizyphus — Z. 
 jujuha, Bhamnns jujuha, Mansnna arbo'rea, a 
 native of the East'lndics, and Z. lotus, Bhamnus 
 
 lotus, Zizyphus nit'ida seu sati'va seu sylves'tris, 
 growing in North Africa, possess properties simi- 
 lar to those of Zizyphus vulgaris. 
 
 Jujube Paste, Paste of jujubes. 
 
 JULAPIUM, Julep — j. Ck,mphorsB, Mistura 
 Camphorge. 
 
 JULEB, Julep. 
 
 JULEP, Jula'pium, Jule'pus, Zula'pium, Jn- 
 leb of the Persians. A sweet drink. A demul- 
 cent, acidulous or mucilaginous mixture. 
 
 Julep, Camphor, Mistura camphoraj — ■_/. Catn- 
 phrS, Mistura camphorfe — j. Chalk, Mistura 
 creta3 — ^j. Mint, see Mint julep. 
 
 JULUS, Julos, loulos, tov\og. The first down 
 that appears upon the chin. — Rufus of Ephesus. 
 
 JUM, Lolium temulentum. 
 
 JUMBLE BEADS, see Abrus preeatorius. 
 
 JUiMEAU, Gemellus. 
 
 JU3IEA IJX BE LA JAMBE, Gastrocnemii. 
 
 JUMELLE, Gemellus. 
 
 JUxMENTOUS URINE, Urine jumenteuse. 
 
 JUMPERS, see Convulsionnaire. 
 
 JUNCTURA, Articulation. 
 
 JUNCUS ODORA'TUS, from jungere,juncfum, 
 'to join,' in allusion to the use of rushes for 
 bands. [?] Andl-opo'gon schoenan' thus seu bicor'- 
 nis seu citra'tus seu citriodo'rus, Cymbopo'gon 
 schcenan'thns, Foenum camelo'rum, Juncus aromat'- 
 icus. Camel's hay, Sioeet rush, Schoenan' thus, 
 Schcenan'thum, Scce-rian'thum, Cal'amus odora'tus, 
 Squinan'thus, Gramen orienta'le, (F.) Jonc odo- 
 rant, Foin de chameau. Ord. Graminese. The 
 dried plant, which is generally procured from 
 Turkej' and Arabia, has an agreeable smell, and 
 a warm, bitterish taste. It was formerly used as 
 a stomachic and deobstruent. 
 
 JUNGLE FEVER. A variety of remittent 
 occurring in the jungle districts of India. 
 
 JUNIPER TREE, Juniperus communis. 
 
 JUNIP'ERUM VINUM. Wine impregnated 
 with juniper berries. 
 
 JUNIP'ERUS COMMU'NIS, J". Suec"ica, Ar- 
 ceu'thos, Ju'niper tree; Akat'alis, Akat'era, (Sc.) 
 Jenepere. Family, ConiferEe. Sex. Syst. Dioecia 
 Monadelphia. The berries, Jnnip'erus (Ph. U. 
 S.), (Sc.) Eatin -berries, Etnagh-berries, are or- 
 dered in the pharmacopoeias. Their odour is 
 strong, but not unpleasant. Taste warm, pun- 
 gent. Properties dependent upon essential -oil, 
 which they yield to both water and alcohol. 
 Dose, 9j to ^ss, rubbed with sugar. In Hol- 
 land, juniper berries are used for flavouring 
 gin. The oil, O'leum Junip'eri, possesses the 
 virtues of the plant. It is called, by Ruland, 
 Targar. (F.) Genevrier (the plant), Gcnievre 
 (the berry). 
 
 Juniperus Ltcia. This plant — Thu'rea, Th. 
 virga. Arbor thurif'era — has been supposed to 
 afford the true frankincense, Cedros Olib'anvm, 
 Thus Libano'tos, Libano'tum, Lih'anos, Thus 
 mas'culum. Thus verum, (F.) Encens. By some, 
 however, it is supposed to be the produce of an 
 Am'yris, and by others of Boswel'lia serra'ta, or 
 B. thurif'era. The odour of olibanum is peculiar 
 and aromatic; taste bitterish and slightly pun- 
 gent; partly soluble in alcohol, and forming a 
 milky emulsion, when triturated with water. It 
 was formerly used in dysentery and hemoptysis, 
 but is now never employed except as a perfume 
 in a sick room. 
 
 Juniperus Oxyce'driis, (F.) Genevrier Oxyci- 
 dre, Cade, Oxicedre, Oxycedre, grows in the 
 south of Europe, Siberia, &e. By combustion of 
 the wood, a liquid tar, O'leum ca'dinum, Junip'- 
 eri o'leum empyreumat'icum, Oil of Cade, (F.) 
 Huile de Cade ou de Genevrier, is obtained, which 
 is employed externally in various chronic cuta- 
 neous and other diseases. 
 
 Juniperus Sabi'na, Sabi'na, S. ster'ilis, Savi'- 
 
JUNK 
 
 517 
 
 KALIUM lODATUM 
 
 na, Bruta, Cedrus haceif era. Common or barren 
 gavin ; Brathu, Bratliys, Ba'raihron, Bo'rathron, 
 (F.) Sabine, Savinier. The odour of savin tops, 
 Sabi'na of the pharmacopoeias, is strong and dis- 
 agreeable. Taste hot, acrid, and bitter, depend- 
 ing on an essential oil. Their operation is stimu- 
 lant, emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and abortive; 
 externally, escharotic. Dose, internally, gr. v to 
 X of the powder. As an escharotic, they are ap- 
 plied in povrder or formed into a cerate. The 
 essential oil, O'leum Sabi'ncs (Ph. U. S.), has the 
 virtues of the savine. Dose, two to five drops. 
 
 Jdniperds Sukcica, J. communis. 
 
 JuNiPERUs Virginia'na, Red cedar. This tree 
 is known throughout the United States by the 
 name of savine, and is often used for the same 
 purposes. The tops and leaves are ofBcinal in 
 the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. 
 
 JUNK, Pad. 
 
 JUNO LUCINA, Ilithyia. 
 
 JUNO'S TEARS, Verbena officinalis. 
 
 JUPITER, Tin. 
 
 JUPITER'S BEARD, Sempervivum tectorum. 
 
 JURIBALI, Enribali. A tree in the forests 
 of Pomeroon. Fam. Meliaceae. Class, Ootan- 
 dria. Nat. Order, Monogj'nia. The bark is 
 febrifuge, and may be given in powder or infu- 
 sion, (_^j ad aq. buUient. Oij.) 
 
 JURISPRU'DENCE, MED'ICAL, from jus, 
 juris, 'law,' and prudenfia, 'knowledge.' Juris- 
 pricden'tia Med'ica. This word is often used 
 synonymously with Legal Medicine. It is at 
 times employed for the embodied laws and regu- 
 lations that relate to the teaching and practice 
 of medicine. 
 
 JURY OF MATRONS. A jury formed of wo- 
 men empanelled under a writ de ventre insjyici- 
 endo, to try the question, whether a woman is 
 with child or not. 
 
 JUS, Zomos, Zomid'ium, Sorhit"io, Sor'bitum. 
 Soup, broth, Jus'cuhnn or bouillon. 
 
 Jus BoviNTiM, Beef-tea — j. Coagulatum, Gelly. 
 
 JUS D'HERBES (F.). The juice of certain 
 vegetables administered as depuratives ; as that 
 of fumitory, burdock, water trefoil, &e. 
 
 Jus Jelatum, Gelly — j. de Reglisse, see Gly- 
 cyrrhiza — /. de Viande, see Bouillon. 
 
 JUSCULUM, see Jus. 
 
 JUSEE (F.). An aqueous maceratum of tan, 
 coarsely powdered, in which the skins of animals 
 have been steeped for a time, in the preparation 
 of leather. An extract has been prepared from 
 this, which has been prescribed in syrup and in 
 pill ; each pill containing about a grain and a half 
 of the extract; and two being taken daily in 
 phthisis, and in general debility connected with 
 scrofula and rickets. ^Barruel. 
 
 JUSQ UIA 3TINE. Hy oscy amus. 
 
 JUSQUIAMUS, Hyoseyamus. 
 
 JUSQUIAU3IE, Hyoseyamus. 
 
 JUSTICIA EIVALVIS, Adulasso— j. Adha- 
 toda, Adhatoda. 
 
 JUSTIC"IA Ecbol'iuM, Carim curini. A MaW 
 bar plant, the root of which, and the leaves, in 
 decoction, are considered in the country to be 
 lithontriptic. 
 
 JusTiciA Pectora'lis. A West India plant, 
 which is slightly astringent. (F.) Carmantine, 
 C. Pectorale, Herbe aux CJiarjjentiers. 
 
 JUVANS, pi. Javantia, Auxil'ium, Remed'ium. 
 A medicine or substance of any kind, which re- 
 lieves a disorder. An Adjuvant. 
 
 JUVENIS, Adolescens. 
 
 JUVENTA, Adolescence, Hebe. 
 
 JUVENTAS, Adolescence, Hebe. 
 
 JUVENTUS, Adolescence, Hebe. 
 
 JUXTAPOSIT"ION, Jaxtaposit"io, from 
 juxta, 'near to,' and 2^one)'e, ^^ositnm, 'to place.' 
 The mode of increase proper to minerals; which 
 consists in the successive application of new 
 molecules upon those that form the primitive 
 nucleus. It is opposed to intussusception. 
 
 K. 
 
 JV. B. — Most of the terms under K, derived from the Greek; are found under the letter C. 
 
 K. This letter was formerly used to designate 
 a compound of geld. 
 
 KAATH, Catechu. 
 
 KAAWY. Ancient name of an Indian drink, 
 prepared from maize. 
 
 ZABALA, Cabal. 
 
 K^MPFERIA GALANGA, see Maranta ga- 
 langa. 
 
 K^mpfe'ria Rotun'da. Called after Ksemp- 
 fer, the naturalist. Zedoa'ria, Z. rotun'da, Amo'- 
 mum zedoa'ria, Col'chicum Zeylan'icum, Curcu'- 
 ma aromat'ica, Zed'oary, (F.) Zedoaire rond. 
 Ord. Zingiberaceas. The roots of this Ceylonese 
 plant have a fragant smell, and warm, bitterish, 
 aromatic taste. They are in wrinkled, gray, ash- 
 coloured, heavy, firm, short pieces; of a brown- 
 ish-red colour within ; and are stimulant and 
 carminative. Dose, ^j to ^] of the powder. 
 
 According to some, the round zedoary is fur- 
 nished by Curcuma zerumbet ; the long, Zedoa'ria 
 longa, by Curcuma zedoa'ria. 
 
 KAHINCiE RADIX, Caincas radix. 
 
 KAIB, Kayl. A word employed by the alche- 
 mists for sour and coagulated milk. 
 
 KAJEPUT, Cajeput. 
 
 KAKERLAKISM, see Albino. 
 
 KAKOCHYMIA, Cacoohymia. 
 
 KALI, Potash, Potassa — k. Acetas, Potassaa 
 acetas — k. Aeratum, Potass£e carbonas — k. Bi- 
 chromicum, Potassa; bichromas — k. Causticum, 
 Potassa fusa — k. Causticum cum calce, Potassa 
 cum calce — k. Chloricum, Potass* murias hyper- 
 oxygenatus — k. Chromicum aeidum, Potassse bi- 
 chromas — k. Chromicum flavum, Potassse bichro- 
 mas — k. Chromicum rubrum, Potasste bichromas 
 — k. Chromicum neutrale, Potass£e chromas — 
 k. Ilydriodinicum, see Potassse hydriodas — k, 
 Inermis, see Salsola kali — k. Nitricum, Po- 
 tassa3 nitras — k. Oxalicum acidulum, Potassa, ox- 
 alate of — k. Praeparatum, Potassas subcarbonas 
 — k. Praeparatum e tartaro, see Potash — k. Purum, 
 Potassa fusa — k. Soda, see Salsola kali — k. Spi- 
 nosum cochleatum, Salsola kali — k. Subcarbonas, 
 Potassas subcarbonas — k. Sulphas, Potassfe sul- 
 pihas — k. Sulphuricum, Potassre sulphas — k. Sul- 
 phuretum, Potassaj snlphuretum — k. Tartariza- 
 tum, PotassEB tartras — k. e Tartaro, see Potash — > 
 k. Vitriolatum, PotassEe sulphas. 
 
 KALICUM HYDRAS, Potassa fusa. 
 
 KALIUM lODATUM, see Potassas hydriodas 
 
KALMIA ANGUSTIFOLIA 
 
 518 
 
 KIDNEY 
 
 — k. lodatum Ilydrargyratum, Potassii hydrar- 
 gyro-iodidum. 
 
 KALMIA ANGUSTIFO'LIA. Called after 
 Kalm, the botanist. Ivy, Narrow-leaved Kalmia 
 or Laurel, Dwarf Laurel, Sheei) Laurel. Ord. 
 Ericaceae. This plant has the same virtues as K. 
 latifolia. So also have Kalmia Cdnea'ta and 
 Kalmia Hirsu'ta. 
 
 Kalmia, Broad Leaved, K. latifolia. 
 
 Kalmia Glauca, Swamp Laurel, Pale Laurel. 
 
 Kalmia Latifo'liA, Broad -leaved Kalmia, 
 Cal'ieo bush, Laurel, llountain or Ease or Broad- 
 leaved Laurel, Big Ivy, Spoonwood, Lambkill, 
 Sheep-poison. (F.) Laurier des Montagues. This 
 plant kills sheep and other animals. The Indians 
 use it as a poison. The powdered leaves have 
 been applied successfully in tinea capitis ; and a 
 decoction of it has been used for the itch. The 
 powder, mixed with lard, has been applied in 
 herpes. 
 
 Kalmia, Narrow-leaved, K. angustifolia. 
 
 KALO, Arum esculentum. 
 
 KAMEYLA, see Kottlera tinctoria. 
 
 KAMPHUR, Camphor. 
 
 KANKPtOID, Cancroid. 
 
 KAPHUR, Camphor. 
 
 KARABE, Asphaltum. 
 
 KARABITUS, Phrenitis. 
 
 KARCINOSEN, Carcinoses. 
 
 KARENA, Carena. 
 
 KARKINOMA, Carcinoma. 
 
 KARSON-KHAYI, Swietenia Senegalensis. 
 
 KASSADER, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 
 KASSAUDER, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 
 KATASARCA, Anasarca. 
 
 KATASTALTICA, Astringents. 
 
 KAVA, Ava. 
 
 KAVIAC, Caviare. 
 
 KAWING, Anhelatio. 
 
 KAYL, Kaib. 
 
 KECKCORN, Trachea. 
 
 KECKER, Trachea. 
 
 KEEN-BITE, see Congelation. 
 
 KEER, Sorbus acuparia. 
 
 KEITA, Monsonia ovata. 
 
 KELISj see Cancroid. 
 
 KELKING, Eructation. 
 
 KELOID, Cancroid. 
 
 KELOTOMIA, Celotomia. 
 
 KELP, Varec. The impure mineral nlkali ob- 
 tained by burning certain marine plants. See Soda. 
 
 KENCH, Sprain. 
 
 KENNELWORT, Sorophularia nodosa. 
 
 KENTUCK'Y, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 Olympian Springs, Mudlick, in this State, are near 
 the sources of Licking river. There are three 
 diiferent kinds, in the space of half a mile. One 
 of them is saline, impregnated with sulphur; — 
 another is chalybeate, and a third a suljihui-eous 
 spring. In various parts of Kentucky, there are 
 saline waters, which are frequented by inva- 
 lids. The Salines at Bigbone, formerly em- 
 ployed in the manufacture of salt, are now re- 
 sorted to. A spring, near Harrodsburg, in Mercer 
 County, is strongly impregnated with sulphate of 
 magnesia, and is much visited. At the Blue Licks 
 on both banks of the Licking river, there are 
 sulphureous saline waters. 
 
 KERATIASIS, Ceratiasis. 
 
 KERATITIS. Ceratitis. 
 
 KERATOCELE, Ceratocele. 
 
 KERATODEITIS. Ceratitis. 
 
 KERATO-GLOSSUS, Cerato-glossus. 
 
 KERATO-IRITIS, Aquo-membranitis. 
 
 KERATO-MALACIA, Cerato-malacia. 
 
 KERATONYXIS. Ceratonvxis. 
 
 K E R A T 0-P HARYNGEUS, Cerato-pharyn- 
 geus. 
 
 KERATOPLASTY, Ceratoplastice. 
 
 KERATO-STAPHYLINUS, Cerato-staphyli- 
 nus. 
 
 KERATOTOMUS, Ceratotomus, Knife, cata- 
 ract. 
 
 KEREGTOMY, Cerectomy. 
 
 KERION, see Favosus. 
 
 KERMES, Chermes, Alkerm'es. One of the 
 species of the genus kermes lives on a green oak, 
 and is called Coccus il'icis, Kermes animal. 
 Cocci granum, Coccum, C. baph'icum seu itifec'to- 
 rium seu tijicto'rum seu scarlati'num, &c. The 
 oak, to which allusion has been made, is known 
 by botanists under the name Quercu-s coccif'era, 
 and grows abundantly in the uncultivated lands 
 of southern France, Spain, and in the islands of 
 the Grecian Archipelago. The kermes inhabiting 
 it has the appearance of a small, spherical, inani- 
 mate shell. Its colour is reddish-brown, and it 
 is covered with a slightly ash-coloured dust. 
 This is the kermes of the shops. It is now only 
 used in dyeing; but was formerly reputed to 
 possess aphrodisiac, analeptic, anti-abortive, and 
 other virtues. 
 
 Kermes Mineral, Antimonii sulphuretum prae- 
 cipitatum and A. sulphuretum rubrum. 
 
 KERNEL, Tubercle. 
 
 KERNELS, WAXING, see Waxing kernels. 
 
 KERN-MILK, Buttermilk. 
 
 KERUA, Ricinus communis. 
 
 KETCHUP, Catchup. A pickle prepared from 
 the liquor of the mushroom, walnut, tomato, &c. 
 
 KETMIA iEGYPTIACA, Hibiscus abelmos- 
 chus. 
 
 KEY, Sax. 0385, Clavis, Cleis, Clanis An'glica, 
 (F.) Clef; Clef de Garangeot. An instrument, 
 used for extracting teeth. It consists of a firm 
 handle, with a claw at right angles to it, a.nd 
 moving upon a pivot. This claw euiliruees the^ 
 tooth. It has undergone several modifications, 
 and hence various instruments are used under 
 this denomination. The French have the Clef <Jt 
 pompe, Clef d pivot, and Clef d noix, 
 
 KEYRI CHEIKI, Cheiranthus cheiri. 
 
 KHALA MIMUC, Bit noben. 
 
 KHAYA SENEGALENSIS, Swietenia Sene- 
 galensis. 
 
 KHUS-KHUS, Andropogon muricatus. 
 
 KIAS'TER, Chiaster, from ;)(;(n^£iv, 'to cross.' 
 A species of bandage, having the form of the 
 Greek letter X' '^vhioh the ancients used for ap- 
 proximating, and maintaining in contact, the 
 fragments of the patella, in cases of fracture of 
 that bone. It was applied in the form of the 
 figure 8. 
 
 KIBE, Chilblain. 
 
 KIBISTITOME, Cystitome. 
 
 KIDNEY. Its etymology is uncertain. Sere- 
 nius derives it fancifully from Su. Goth, qued, the 
 belly ; and nigh, (quasi, quidney.) Ren, Nephros, 
 Protme'sis, (So.) Neir, Nere, (F.) Rein. The 
 kidneys or reins are the secretory organs of the 
 urine. They are two glands, situate deeply, — 
 the one on the right, and the other on the left 
 side — in the hypochondres : at the sides of the 
 lumbar vertebrte ; behind the peritoneum ; and 
 in the midst of an abundant, fatty areolar tissue, 
 Tu'nica seu Cap'sula adipo'sa. The kidney is 
 of a reddish-brown colour; oval form; and flat- 
 tened on two surfaces. It has, at its internal 
 margin, a deep fissure, by which the renal vessels 
 and nerves enter or quit the organ, and the ure- 
 ter issues. It resembles, pretty accurately, the 
 haricot or kidney-bean. Two substances are 
 readily distinguishable in it; — the outer, secern- 
 ing, cortical, glandular or vascular, Substan'tia 
 cortica'lis seu glandulo'sa, which secretes the 
 urine ; and the inner, tubular, medidlary, urini- 
 ferous, conoidal or radiated, Substan'tia Medul- 
 la'ris seu Tubulo'sa seu Fibro'sa, which appears 
 
KIESTEINE 
 
 519 
 
 KIST 
 
 under the form of small cones or unequal papillcB 
 er niamm!U(B, each resulting from the union of 
 small capillary tubes, adherent by one of their 
 extremities to the cortical substance; and open- 
 ing, by the other, at the summit of the cone, into 
 cnllce-1, a species of membranous tubes, more or 
 less iiumeriius, which transmit the urine of the 
 piipillts to the pelvis. By the pelvis is meant a 
 small, membranous sac, of an irregularly oval 
 shape, at the base of which are the orifices of the 
 calices, and the other extremity of which is con- 
 tinuous with the ureter. The kidney is sur- 
 rounded by a fibrous membrane proper to it, Peri- 
 iiejih'rns, Tu'nica pro'pria seu albiigiii'ea. It 
 has been shown by Mr. Bowman and others that 
 the renal artery is distributed to the corpora Mal- 
 pighiana, forming a pellet of convolutions, which 
 is received into a flask-like dilatation of the ure- 
 ter — Boivman's Capsule, and through which — it is 
 conceived — the watery portion of the urine is se- 
 parated. The blood then becomes venous, and is 
 distributed by different veins — portal veins of the 
 kidxiey — to the convoluted tubes through which 
 the proper urine is secreted. Hence the blood 
 passes into the renal vein. The intermediate 
 vessels between the' Malpighian bodies and the 
 convoluted tubes have been termed the Portal 
 System of the Kidney. 
 
 Kidney, Bright's Disease of the, Iforhus 
 Bright' ii seu albuminen'sis seu grnnnlo'eus Re- 
 ntmi, Nephri'tis albumino'sa seu soei.a'ta, JVeph'- 
 ria, Nephroehalazo' sis, Nephrococco'sis, Uroze'mia 
 albumino'sa, Caehec'tic or Asso'ciated nephritis, 
 Inflammation of the Malpig'hiancor'pnscles, Dis- 
 ease of Bright, Gran'ular Degeneration or Dis- 
 organization of the Kidney, Granidar Kidney of 
 Bright, Caehec'tic nephri'tis, Chalazonephri'tis, 
 (F.) Maladie de Bright, Nephrite albumineuse, 
 jEtat Granuleux ou Degenereseenee granulee dit 
 Rein, Albnminnrorrhee. A granular disease of 
 the cortical part of the kidney, which gives occa- 
 sion to the secretion of urine that contains albu- 
 men, and is of less specific gravity than natural, 
 and which destroys by inducing other diseases. 
 It was first described by Dr. Bright, of London. 
 
 KiDNEV, Granular, of Bright, Kidney, 
 Bright's disease of the. 
 
 KI'ESTBINE, Ki'estein, properly Ky'esteine, 
 Ky'estein, Kystein, Cy'esteine or Cy'estein, Kies- 
 the'in, — (Lehmann), from kvuv, 'to be pregnant,' 
 and £(t9)?s, ' a garment or pellicle.' A peculiar 
 albuminoid pellicle, which forms on the urine of 
 a pregnant female when allowed to stand for a 
 few days. It is whitish, opalescent, slightly 
 granular, and may be compared to the fatty sub- 
 stance that swims on the surface of soups, after 
 they have been allowed to cool. When taken in 
 conjunction with other phenomena, it is a valu- 
 able aid in the diagnosis of early pregnancy. 
 
 'KLF^BTIWIG, Kiestin'ictis ; same etymon. Re- 
 lating or appertaining to kiesteine; as 'kiestinic 
 urine.' 
 
 KILBURN, MINERAL WATERS OP. These 
 springs contain carbonic acid, sulphohydric acid; 
 carbonates of lime, magnesia, and iron ; sulphates 
 of soda, lime, and magnesia, and chloride of 
 sodium. 
 
 KILE, Ulcer. 
 
 KILL LAMB, Andromeda mariana. 
 
 KILOGRAMME, Chiliogram'ma, from X'^"", 
 ,'a thousand,' and ypajx^a, 'a gramme.' The 
 weight of a thousand grammes; — two pounds, 
 eight ounces, one drachm, and twenty-four grains, 
 Troy. 
 
 KILOLITRE, from ^iXioi, 'a thousand,' and 
 > irpa, ' a litre.' A measure containing a thousand 
 litres. 
 
 KINA KINA. Cinchona. 
 
 KryANCIE, Cynanche. 
 
 KINCOUGH, Pertussis. 
 
 KINDCOUGH, Pertussis.' 
 
 KINESIP'ATHY, Kinesitherapi'a, Cineeip'. 
 athy, llovement care, Motor'pathy, MIedici'na vie- 
 chan'icu, from Kivrjais, 'motion,' and iraOog, 'dis- 
 ease.' A mode of treating disease by gymnastics 
 or appropriate movements proposed by Ling, a 
 Swede, and hence called Lingism. 
 
 KINETIC, Motory. 
 
 KINGCURE, Pyrola maculata. 
 
 KING'S EVIL, Scrofula. 
 
 KINGSHOOD, Reticulum. 
 
 KINICI ACETAS, Quinia, acetate of. 
 
 KININUM, Quinine. 
 
 KINIUM, Quinine. 
 
 KINK, Quinte. 
 
 KINK IN THE HEAD, see Insanity. 
 
 KINKHAUST, Pertussis. 
 
 KINKHOST, Pertussis. 
 
 KINKINA, Cinchona. 
 
 KINO, Gummi Gambien'se seu ruhrnm adatrin'- 
 gens Gambien'se seu adstrin'gens Fothergilli, Af- 
 rican, East India or Amboy'na kino, (F.) Gomme, 
 sue ou extrait de kino. The trees, whence one 
 variety of this resin is obtained, are not botani- 
 cally ascertained. The London college ascribe 
 it to Pterocar'pus erina'cea; the Edinburgh to 
 Eucaly2)'tus resinif era seu gunimif'era, Iron 
 bark; and the Dublin to Biitea f rondo' sa. The 
 Pharmacopoeia of the United States, (1842 and 
 1851), defines it to be " an extract obtained from 
 an uncertain plant;" that of 1851 states it to be 
 the inspissated juice of Pterocarp'xis mcrsu'piium 
 (De Candolle) and of other plants. On wound- 
 ing the bark, the kino flows drop by drop. A 
 West India variety is said to be derived from Coc- 
 col'oba uvif'era or Sea-side Grape ; and a Botany 
 Bay kino is said to be the concrete juice of Eiica- 
 lyp'tus resinif ' era or brown gum-tree of New Hol- 
 land. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Monogynia. Nat. 
 Ord. Myrtaeese. Kino consists chiefly of tannic 
 and gallic acids, oxide of iron, and colouring mat- 
 ter. It is inodorous; the taste a sweetish bitter; 
 and it is sometimes gritty between the teeth. It 
 comes to us in fragments of a dark ruby red 
 colour, and is easily pulveri;zed. Its properties 
 are powerfully astringent. Dose, gr. x to gr. xx 
 in powder. 
 
 KIONORRHAPHIA, Staphyloraphy. 
 
 KI'OTOME, Kiot'omus, from kiuiv, 'a pillar,' 
 'support,' and r^nvtiv, 'to cut.' (P.) Coupebride. 
 An instrument invented by Desault to cut any 
 accidental brides or filaments in the rectum and 
 bladder; and which he aftervpards used for the 
 removal of the tonsils. It is composed of a flat, 
 silver sheath, open at one edge. This sheath is 
 provided with a cutting blade, which can be forced 
 through the opening, and thus all the parts can be 
 divided with which it comes in contact. 
 
 KIPPERNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum. 
 
 KIRATE. A weight of four grains, according 
 to Blancard. 
 
 KIRIAGHUMA, Gvmneura lactiferum. 
 
 KIRKLAND'S NEUTRAL CERATE, see 
 Cerate, Kirkland's Neutral. 
 
 KIRNMILK, Buttermilk. 
 
 KIRRHONOSIS, Cirrhosis. 
 
 KIRRHOSIS, Cirrhosis. 
 
 KIRSCHWASSER, (G.) Kirsch and Was- 
 ser), 'Cherry loater.' An alcoholic liquor, ob- 
 tained from cherries bruised with their stones, by 
 subjecting them to distillation, after having 
 caused them to ferment. See Spirit. 
 
 KISS 'IN GEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These Bavarian springs have been long fre- 
 quented. There are three,— two chalybeate, and 
 one alkaline and acidulous. 
 
 KIST. A weight of 14 grains. — Paracelsus. 
 
KITILLING 
 
 520 
 
 KRAMERIA 
 
 KITILLINQ, Tickling. 
 
 KITTLINQ, Tickling. 
 
 KLAPROTHII SULPHAS, Cadmii sulphas. 
 
 KLAPROTHIUM SULPHURICUM, see Cad- 
 mii sulphas. 
 
 KLEPTOMA'^S^IA, Clejnoma nia, Klopenia'- 
 nia, Clope/nania ; from /cXtwrci), 'I steal,' and 
 viaiiia. Insanity, with an irresistible propensity 
 to steal. 
 
 KLINOCEPHALIA, Clinoeephalia. 
 
 KLIPDAS, see Hvrax Capensis. 
 
 KLOPEMANIA, kleptomania. 
 
 KNAP-KNEED, see Entogonyancon. 
 
 KNARESBOROUGH, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF, see Harrogate, mineral waters of. 
 
 KNEADING, Shampooing. 
 
 KNEE, Genu. 
 
 Knee. Housejiaid's. An inflammation of the 
 bursa, which in most individuals is in front of the 
 patella, and is apt to inflame and enlarge from 
 efi'usion in those in whom it is subjected to much 
 pressure. Hence its name. It is a form of cap- 
 sular rheumatism. 
 
 KNEE-HOLLY, Ruscus. 
 
 KNEE-JOINT, Genu. 
 
 KNEE SCAB, Crusta genu equinae — b. Encir- 
 cled hoof. Crusta genu equinae. 
 
 KNIFE. Sax. cniF. Swed. Knif. Dnn. 
 Kniv. (F.) Canif. Culter, Smile, Cnltell' us, To- 
 mei'on, Tome'us, llaehm'ra, Jfachce'rion, IJaehcE'- 
 ris, (F.) Cnuiean. A cutting instrument, used in 
 surgery to divide the soft parts, and which only 
 diff'ers from the bistouri or scalpel in being usu- 
 ally larger. 
 
 The most common knives are the following: 
 
 Knife, Ajiputa'tion, (F.) Couteau a amputa- 
 tinn, C. droit, Cidter rectus. This is the largest 
 of the knives used in surgery. Formerly, they 
 were curved; now they are straight, and pro- 
 vided with one or two edges. 
 
 Knife, Cat'aract, Ceratot'omus, Keratot'omus, 
 (F.) Couteau a cataracte. The cataract knives 
 of Richter, Wenzel, Ward, and others, being in- 
 tended to perform the section of the transparent 
 cornea, arc so shaped as to exactly fill the small 
 wound made by them; and thus to prevent the 
 discharge of the aqueous humour, until the sec- 
 tion is completed. The blade of the knives of 
 AVenzel and Ward resembles a very narrow lan- 
 cet, blunt in the posterior five-sixths of one of its 
 edges. The blade of that of Richter is pyrami- 
 dal, cutting through the whole length of its in- 
 ferior edge, and also blunt in the five-sixths of 
 the upper. 
 
 Knife, Ches'elden's. A knife with a fixed 
 handle; very convex on its edge, concave on the 
 back, which was used by Cheselden in lithotomy. 
 
 Knife, Crooked, Culter falca'tns, Culter cui°~ 
 vus, (F. ) Couteau courhe. A knife, which is 
 crooked and concave on its cutting edge. It was 
 formerly employed in amputation of the limbs. 
 
 Knife, Crotchet, CnUel'lus uncus, (F.) Cou- 
 teau a crochet. A steel instrument, composed of 
 a round staff, furnished with a handle at one ex- 
 tremity, and at the other with a curved knife. 
 It was formerly used to cut to pieces monstrous 
 fcetuses in utero, and to open the head when ne- 
 cessary. 
 
 Knife, Doublb-Edged, Anceps cultel'lus, Am- 
 phis'mela, Amphis'mile, Catling, (F.) Couteau d 
 deux tranehans ou desarticulateur ou interossevx. 
 A knife, the blade of which is straight and sharp 
 on both sides. It is used for disarticulating 
 bones; and for cutting the soft parts situate be- 
 tvi^een the bones, in amputation of the leg and 
 forearm. 
 
 KNIFE EN SERPETTE, (F.) Couteau en 
 Kerpette. A sort of knife, of the shape of a ser- 
 pette or pruning-knife, invented by Desault for 
 
 dividing the bony paries of the maxillary sinus, 
 for the purpose of extracting fungi from it. 
 
 Knife, Lentic'ular, Culler leuticula'ris, (F.) 
 Couteau lenticulaire. An instrument, used in the 
 operation of trepanning, for removing inequalities 
 in the inner table of the skull, which may have 
 been left by the crown of the trephine around 
 the opening made by it. It is formed of a len- 
 ticular button, fixed at the extremity of an iron 
 staff, which is convex on one side, flat on the 
 other; sharp at both edges, and mounted on an 
 ebony handle. 
 
 Knife, Lithot'omy, (F.) Couteau lithofnme. A 
 name, given by Foubert to a large knife, the 
 narrow blade of which, four and a half inches 
 in length, was sharp in its whole extent, and 
 made an obtuse angle with the handle. He used 
 it in the lateral operation. 
 
 Knife, Polypus, Polypotome. 
 
 Knife, Root-cutting. In Pharmacy, a knife 
 moving on a joint at its pointed extremity, by 
 which roots and other ligneous matters are di- 
 vided in pharmaceutical processes. 
 
 KNIFE'SMAN, see Surgery, salvation. 
 
 KNIT-BACK, Symphytum. 
 
 KNOBWEED. Collinsonia. 
 
 KNOCK-KNEED, Entogonyancon. 
 
 KNOT, Tubercle. 
 
 Knot, Packer's, (F.) Nceud d'emhaUenr. A 
 compressive bandage, used for arresting hemor» 
 rhage from the temporal artery or its branches. 
 The ncettd d'emballeur is made with a double- 
 headed roller, five ells long. A graduated com- 
 press is placed over the opening in the artery, 
 and the bandage is applied over it; the balls of 
 the roller being carried horizontally round to the 
 opposite temple, where they are crossed obliquely 
 and carried back to the part where the compress 
 is situate. The hands are then changed with the 
 rollers, crossing them so as to form a knot, and 
 taking one above the head; the other beneath 
 the chin. They are then crossed again, so as to 
 form several knots, one above the other. This 
 bandage is called, by some surgeons, solar or 
 oblique chevestre or capistrum. 
 
 Knot, Surgeon's, Nodus cJiirur'gicus, (F.) 
 Nceud da chirurgien. A double knot made by 
 passing the thread twice through the same noose. 
 This knot is used frequently in the ligature of 
 arteries, the umbilical cord, &c. 
 
 KNOTBERRIES, Rubus chamfsmorus. 
 
 KNOTGRASS, Polygonum aviculare. 
 
 KNOTROOT, Collinsonia Canadensis. 
 
 KNOTWEED, Collinsonia Canadensis, Poly- 
 gonum aviculare. 
 
 KNOWLTON'IA VESICATO'RIA. Nat. 
 Order, Ranuneulaceas. An acrid plant of South 
 Africa, used by the Cape colonists as a blister in 
 rheumatism. 
 
 KOINO-MIASMATA, see Miasm. 
 
 KOKUM, Garcinia purpurea — k. Butter, see 
 Garcinia purpurea. 
 
 KOLERUS, a name given by Paracelsus to a 
 dry ulcer. 
 
 kOLPORRAPHY, Elytrorrhaphy. 
 
 KOLTO, Plica. 
 
 KOOCHLA TREE, Strychnos nux vomica. 
 
 KOOSSO, Hagenia Abyssinica. 
 
 KOPYOPIA, see Copyopia. 
 
 KORIS, Cimex. 
 
 KOSSO, Hagenia Abyssinica. 
 
 KOUMIS, Kumyss. 
 
 KOUSSO, Hagenia Abyssinica. 
 
 KRAME'RIA, Krameria trian'dra, Crame'ria, 
 Ratan'hio., Rhatan'ia, Ryt'anhy, (F.) Ratanliie, 
 — Sex. Si/st. Tetrandria Monogynia, Nat. Ord. 
 Polygaleffi. — is a native of Java. The root, Kra- 
 me'ria (Ph. U. S.), has a bitter taste; and is 
 
KREASOTON 
 
 521 
 
 LABIA CUNNI 
 
 astringent, diuretic, and detergent. Dose, ^j 
 
 to zi- 
 
 Krame'ria Ixi'na or Eatanhy of the Antilles 
 has similar virtues. 
 
 KREASOTON, Creasote. 
 
 KREATIC NAUSEA, see Nansea. 
 
 KREATINE, Creatine. 
 
 KREATININE, see Creatine. 
 
 KREATOPHAGOUS, Carnivorous. 
 
 KREASOTON, Creasote. 
 
 KRETINISMUS, Cretinism. 
 
 KRIEBELKRANKHEIT, Convulsio ce- 
 realis. 
 
 KRONE, Crown. 
 
 KRYSTALLINE, see Crystalline. 
 
 KUA KAHA, Curcuma longa. 
 
 KUMTSS, Koumyss, Konmis. A beverage 
 used in families by the people of Yakutz. It 
 resembles sour buttermilk, without being greasy. 
 According to Sir George Simpson, it is prepared 
 in a very simple way from mare's milk, which is 
 merely allowed to stand for some days in a lea- 
 thern churn till it becomes sour. It is then bot- 
 tled for use. This drink is rather nutritious than 
 exhilarating; but from the same material the 
 Burats and the Kirghez prepare an intoxicating 
 spirit in which they indulge to excess. 
 
 KUSSAUDER, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 
 KUTKULEJA, Csesalpinia bonducella. 
 
 KUTOOKURUNJA, Cajsalpinia bonducella. 
 
 KUTUBUTH. An Arabic name for a species 
 of melancholy in which the patient is never quiet 
 at any one place, but wanders about here and 
 there, see Cuttubuth. Also, the name of an in- 
 sect, which lives at the surface of stagnant 
 waters, and is in a constant state of agitation. 
 Some lexicographers imagine that it is on ac- 
 count of this last circumstance, that the name of 
 the insect has been given to the disease. 
 
 KWOSO, Hagenia Abyssinica. 
 
 KYAXOSIS, Cyanopathy. 
 
 KYAPUTTY, Caieput. 
 
 KYESTEIXE, Kiesteine. 
 
 KYESTINIC, Kiestinic. 
 
 KYLLOPODIA, Kyllosis 
 
 KYLLO'SIS, from KvWog, 'crooked,' 'lame.' 
 Cyllo'sis, Kyllopod'ia. Professor Chaussier so 
 calls congenital distortion of the feet. Clubfoot, 
 Poltfoot, Sltimpfoot, (Prov.) Pummel-foot, TaV- 
 ipes, (F.) Pied hot. Of this there are many 
 varieties. In one, the foot, instead of resting on 
 the soil, by the whole plantar surface, touches it 
 only with the metatarso-phalangian articulations. 
 It seems as if turned backwards and broken upon 
 the leg. (Pes seu Tal'ipes Eqai'nus, Hip'popns, 
 Oxypod'ia, Tip-foot, Horsefoot.) In other cases 
 the foot is twisted inwards, ( Varui, Tal'ipes 
 varus, BlcBsop'odes, Blcs'xopus, C'ylloepus, Cyllop'- 
 oda, CyUopod' ion, Lo'ripes, Crossfoot, (!'.) Cag- 
 neiix,) so that it rests only on the ground on its 
 
 outer edge; or it may be twisted outwards, 
 ( Valgus, Tal'ijies Valgus, Out-bow foot.) or rest 
 only on its inner edge, or on the back part of the 
 heel. Talipes calca'neus. Heel clubfoot. In the 
 fatfoot or splayfoot, Duck-foot. Splat-foot, Sar'- 
 apus, Plat'ypus, Platypod'ia, (F.) Pied plat, the 
 plantar surface of the foot is flattened instead of 
 being concave. 
 
 These deformities are rarely accidental. They 
 are almost always congenital, and may be rec- 
 tified, at an early period, by proper mechanical 
 means to strengthen the foot gradually and re- 
 store it to its proper shape and direction : and if 
 these means fail, the tendons and muscles con- 
 cerned in the deformity may be divided. 
 
 KY3I0GRAPH'I0N, Cymograph'ion ; from 
 Ku/ia, 'wave,' and ypa(po}, 'I describe.' A wave 
 describer or measurer.' An instrument invented 
 by Ludwig, which is self-registering, and exhibits 
 the relation between the waves of the pulse and 
 the undulations produced by respiration. 
 
 KYNA, Pastinaca opoponax. 
 
 KYPHOSIS, see Cyphosis— k. Inflammatoria, 
 Vertebral disease — k. Paralytica, Vertebral dis- 
 ease. 
 
 KYST, Cyst, Kystis, Cystis, from (ci'^nj, 'a 
 bladder,' 'pouch.' (F.) Kyste. This term is ge- 
 nerally applied to a pouch or sac, — Cysto'ma, — 
 without opening, and commonly of a membranous 
 nature, which is accidentally developed in one of 
 the natural cavities, or in the substance of organs. 
 Many theories have been successively emitted to 
 explain the formation of cysts, but none are en- 
 tirely satisfactory. Some are formed by a thin, 
 translucent membrane, having scarcely the thick- 
 ness of the arachnoid; others of a whitish, fibro- 
 cellular membrane, more or less thick. Some 
 contain cartilaginous or bony flakes. The greater 
 part have but one cavity; others, on the contrary, 
 have several, separated by complete or imperfect 
 septa, as is frequently seen in those developed in 
 the ovaries. The matter contained in cysts is 
 sometimes limpid, serous, yellowish white, red- 
 dish, and, at others, more or less thick, albumi- 
 nous, adipous, or caseous. The tumour, formed 
 by them, is called Encysted. 
 
 KYSTE, Kyst — h. Anivrysmal, Aneurismal 
 sac. 
 
 KYSTEIX, Kiesteine. 
 
 KYSTHI'TIS, Cysthi'tis, from kvc&o;, 'the va- 
 gina.' Inflammation of the vulva and of the 
 mucous membrane of the vagina. 
 
 KYSTlTOJfE, Cystitome. 
 
 KYSTHOPTO'SIS, from Kva&o;, 'the vagina,' 
 and TTi-TU), 'I fall.' Prolapsus or inversion of the 
 vagina. 
 
 KYTE, Abdomen, Stomach. 
 
 KYTTARRHAG"IA, from Kvrrapiov, ' an alve- 
 olus,' and paya, or p-nywin, 'I break forth.' Dis- 
 charge of blood from an alveolus. 
 
 LABARIUM, from labl, 'to fall.' Looseness 
 of the teeth. 
 
 LABDACISMUS, Lallation. 
 
 LABDAMEiSr, Cistus creticus. 
 
 LABDANUM, see Cistus creticus. 
 
 LABE, from XajSw, Xan^avw, 'I seize, 'I take,' 
 'the act of grasping.' Invasion. Also, em- 
 
 ployed to denote the first paroxysm of fevers. — 
 Galen, Hippocrates. 
 
 LABEO, Chilon. 
 
 LABES, Chilon, Macula. 
 
 LABIA CUNNI, Lips of the vulva— 1. Interna 
 seu Minora, Nymphas — 1. Majora, Lips of the 
 vulva — 1. Pudendi, Lips of the vulva — 1. Pu- 
 dendi minora, Nymphaj. 
 
LABIAL 
 
 522 
 
 LACERUM 
 
 LABIAL, Labia' Us, from labium, 'a lip.' 
 LABIAL, Orbicularis oris. 
 Labial Artery, llaller and Sabatier call thus 
 the facial artery of the majority of anatomists. 
 The labial arteries, properly so called, coronary 
 arteries of the lips, (F.) Goronaires des levres, are 
 two in number. The superior arises from the 
 facial, above, and very close to, the commissure 
 of the lips. It is large and tortuous, and is dis- 
 tributed to the upper lip. The lower arises from 
 the facial, at a considerable distance from the 
 commissure, and proceeds, in a serpentine course, 
 into the substance of the lower lip, to which it is 
 distributed. 
 
 Labial Glands. This name is given to a mul- 
 titude of muciparous follicles, of some size, round, 
 prominent, and separate from each other, which 
 are found on the inner surface of the lips, below 
 the mucous membrane. 
 
 Labial Veins are distinguished, like the arte- 
 ries, into superior and inferior. They open into 
 the facial vein ; — a division of the internal jugular. 
 LABIALIS, Orbicularis oris. 
 LABIDOMETER, Labimeter. 
 LABIM'ETER, (F.) Labimetre ou Labidome- 
 tre, from Xa/3if, 'Ka^ihog, 'forceps,' and utrpov, 
 'measure.' A scale adapted to the handles of 
 the forceps, which indicates the distance of the 
 blades from each other, when applied to the head 
 of the child in utero. 
 LABIS, Forceps. 
 
 LABIUM, Lip — 1. Leporinum, Harelip — 1. 
 Uteri, Amphideum. 
 LABLAB, Dolichos lablab. 
 LABORANS, Sick. 
 LABORATOIRE, Laboratory. 
 LABOR ATORIUM, Laboratory — I. Chymi- 
 cum seu pharmaceuticum, see Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 LAB'ORATORY, Laborato'rium, Ergaste'rion, 
 (F.) Laboratoire, from laborare, lahoratnm, ' to 
 work.' A work-shop. A place for preparing 
 chemical or pharmaceutical products, &c. 
 LABORIOSUS, Sick. 
 
 LABO'RIOUS. Delivery is said to be labo- 
 rious. Partus laborio'sus, Moc/ostoc'ia, (F.) Ac- 
 couchement laborieuoe, when attended with more 
 difficulty and suffering than usual. With some, 
 laborious labour means one that requires the use 
 of instruments. See Dystocia. 
 LABOUR, Parturition. 
 
 Labour Chair. Obstet'ric chair. A chair, in 
 which a parturient woman is placed during de- 
 livery. 
 
 Labodr, Complicated, see Parturition — 1. 
 DifBcult, Dystocia — 1. Dry, Partus siccus — 1. 
 Forced, see Parturition — 1. Impracticable, see 
 Parturition — 1. Morbid, Dystocia. 
 Labour Pains, see Pains. 
 Labour, Powerless, see Parturition — 1. Pre- 
 mature, Parturition, (premature) — 1. Preternatu- 
 ral, Metatoeia, see Parturition. 
 Labour Show, see Parturition. 
 LABRISULCIUM, Cheilooace, Stomaeace. 
 LABRUM, Lip — I. Cerebri, Infundibulum of 
 the brain. 
 
 LABRUSCA. Bryonia alba. 
 LAB'YRINTH, Labyrinth'us, Antrum bucci- 
 no'sum. A place, full of turnings, the exit of 
 which is not easily discoverable. Anatomists 
 have given this name to the aggregate of parts, 
 constituting the internal ear, Labyrinth'us auris 
 in'timcB, Ln'iima pars or'gani audi'tus, Laby- 
 rinth'ic cavity of the ear. The Labyrinth is 
 situate between the tympanum and meatus audi- 
 torius internus. It is composed of several ca- 
 vities, which communicate with each other in the 
 dried bone; as the vestibule, cochlea, semicircular 
 canals, &c. It is lined by periosteum, and also 
 by a pulpy membrane, constituting the membra- 
 
 nous labyrinth, on which the auditory nerve is 
 regularly dispersed. This membrane forms two 
 saclts in the vestibule, called sac'cidus vestib'uli 
 and sac' cuius, respectively, which resemble in 
 shape that of the bony cavities containing them. 
 Each sac contains calcareous matter, constituting 
 the Otoliths and Otoconies. When the sac is 
 laid open, upon the upper and outer part, a par- 
 tition appears, partaking of the nature of the sac, 
 and called by Meckel, Septum vestib'uli nervo'so- 
 memhrana' ceum. 
 
 Labyrinth is also applied to the lateral portions 
 of the ethmoid bone, which are formed of large 
 irregular cells. 
 
 Labyrinth, Membranous, see Labyrinth. 
 LABYBINTH'IC, Labyrinth' icus, (F.) Laby- 
 rinthique. Relating or appertaining to the laby- 
 rinth. 
 
 Labyrinthic Cavity op the Ear, Labyrinth. 
 LABYRINTHUS, Labyrinth— 1. Auris Inti- 
 mse, see Labyrinth. 
 
 LAC, Lacca, Laqueus, Milk- — 1. Ammoniaci, 
 Misturaammoniaei — 1. Amygdalae, Emulsio amyg- 
 dalae — 1. Asafcetidaj, Mistura asafoetidse — I. Avis, 
 Albumen ovi— 1. Guaiaci, Mistura Guaiaci. 
 Lac, Gum, Lacca. 
 
 Lac LuNiE, Marga Candida — 1. Maris, Sperm — 
 1. Pressum,Curd — 1. Primum Puerperse, Colostrum. 
 Lac, Seed, Lacca — 1. Shell, Lacca — 1. Stick, 
 Lacca. 
 
 Lac Sulphuris, Sulphur prEecipitatura — l.Ter- 
 rse, Magnesise carbonas — l.Virginis, Virgin's milk. 
 LACAPH'THON. Supposed to be the bark 
 of some fir or other tree. It entered into the 
 composition of the Cyphi, used in fumigations — 
 Paulus of j3Egina. Supposed to be the Narcaph'- 
 thuni or Nascaph'thum. — Ruellius. 
 
 LACCA,' from lakah, Arab. Gummi lacccB, Stick, 
 Gum., Seed, or Shell, lac, (F.) Laque, Gomme 
 Laque. Lac is a substance formed by an insect, 
 and deposited on different species of trees, chiefly 
 in the East Indies, for example, on Croton lac- 
 cif'erum, and two species of Ficus, — Ficus reli- 
 gio'sa, and F. In'dica. The various kinds, dis- 
 tinguished in commerce, are stick-lac, which is 
 the substance in its natural state, investing the 
 small twigs of the tree; and seed-lac, which is 
 the same broken off. When melted, it is called 
 shell-lac. 
 
 Lac was, at one time, used in the form of tinc- 
 ture, as a tonic and astringent; and it still forms 
 part of particular dentifrices. 
 
 LACERA'TION, Lacera'tio, Rhege, Rheg'mus, 
 lihegma, liuptu'ra. Rupture, from lacerare, lace- 
 ratum, 'to tear:' — Dilacera'tio, Sparag'ma, (F.) 
 Arrachement, Dechirement, Dilaciration, Broie- 
 ment. The act of tearing or rending. The breach 
 made by tearing or rending; as a lacerated 
 wound. Tresis vidnus lacera'tum, Laceratu'ra, 
 Vulnus Inceratum. 
 LACERATURA, see Laceration. 
 LACERTA, Lizard — 1. Aquatica, see Ectozoa. 
 LACERTI CORDIS, Columnae carnea3 — 1. 
 Musculorum, see Muscular fibre. 
 LACERTOSUS, Muscular. 
 LACERTULI CORDIS, Columnee carnese. 
 LACERTUS, Brachium, Muscle, see Muscular 
 fibre. 
 
 LACERUM. Same etymon as Laceration. 
 Any thing torn, or appearing as if torn. 
 
 Lac"erum FoRA'jrEN Ante'rius, (F.) Trou 
 dechire anterieur. Hiatus spheno-pelreux, (Ch.) 
 is an irregular opening, formed by the sphenoid, 
 occipital and petrous portion of the temporal bone. 
 It is closed by cartilage, and forms a kind of 
 fontanelle, situated at the termination of the 
 petro-occipital suture. 
 
 Lace RUM Foramen Poste'rius, Foramen fu- 
 gula're, F. lacerum in Basi Cra'nii, (F.) Trou 
 
LACHANON 
 
 523 
 
 LACTIC 
 
 Kichire postevieur, Hiatus oceipito-pStfeiix, (Ch.) 
 ,jt formed by the occipital bone, and the inferior 
 /.dge of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. 
 Through it, the internal jugular vein, the eighth 
 pair of nerves, and accessory nerve pass out of 
 the cranium. 
 
 Lacerum Forajien Sdperius, Sphenoidal 
 fissure. 
 
 LACH'ANON', from Xaxaivoj, 'I dig.' A pot 
 herb : Olus, pi. Olera, a vegetalale used as food. 
 LACHESIS PICTA, see Arrow-poison. 
 Lachesis Rhombea'ta, Flammon. A poison- 
 ous serpent common in the lower forests of Peru. 
 LACHNANTH'ES TINCTO'RIA, Dila'tris 
 tincto'ria, Redroot ; indigenous. Ord, Hsemodo- 
 raceaj, (from \axvrj, ' wool,' and av%q, ' a flower,' 
 owing to its woolly flowers.) The root is as- 
 tringent and tonic. 
 
 LACHRYM A, Tear ; see Vitis vinifera. 
 LACH'PiYMAL, Laeryma'lis, from lacryma, 
 ' a tear.' Belonging to the tears. This epithet 
 is given to various parts. 
 
 Lachrymal Apparatits, see Lachrymal Pas- 
 sages. 
 
 Lachrymal Artery proceeds from the oph- 
 thalmic; and distributes its principal branches to 
 the lachrymal gland. 
 
 Lachrymal Canal or Duct, Nasal Canal or 
 duct, Cana'lis laeryma'lis seu or'bitcB nasa'lis seu 
 Sacci laeryma'lis. Ductus ad Nasum seu Nasa'- 
 lis orhitcF, is formed by the superior maxillary 
 bone, OS unguis, and os turbinatum inferius; and 
 is seated in the outer paries of the nasal fossaa. 
 It is lined by a prolongation of the mucous mem- 
 brane of the lachrj'mal sac; and its inferior 
 orifice is furnished with a valvular duplicature. 
 This duct transmits the tears, which have been 
 absorbed at the great angle of the eye by the 
 puncta lacrymalia, into the nasal fosste. 
 
 Lachrymal Caruxcle, see Caruncula lacry- 
 malis. 
 
 Lachrymal Duct, Lachrymal Canal. 
 Lachrymal Fossa, Fossa seu Fo'vea laeryma'- 
 lis, is a slight depression at the upper part of the 
 orbit, which lodges the lachrymal gland. 
 
 Lachrymal Gland, Glan'dula laeryma'lis seu 
 innomina'ta Gale'ni, is seated in a depression of 
 the frontal bone at the upper, anterior, and outer 
 part of the orbit. It is of about the size of an 
 almond ; and of an oval shape, flattened above 
 and below : — its great diameter being the antero- 
 posterior. It is composed of several small lobules, 
 united by areolar tissue, and separated by it as 
 well as by vessels and nerves which creep in the 
 intervals, This gland has seven or eight excre- 
 tory ducts, which open behind the upper eyelid. 
 Its rise is to secrete the tears, and pour them on 
 the globe of the eye by the excretory ducts. 
 
 Lachrymal Groove, (F.) Gouttiere lacrymale, 
 is the bony channel, which lodges the lachrymal 
 sac. It is seated at the anterior and inner part 
 of the orbit, and is formed by the os unguis and 
 the ascending process of the upper jaw bone. 
 
 Lachrymal }lEv.y;iA, Lachrymal Turaour,Her'- 
 iiia Sacci Laeryma'lis, is when the tears enter the 
 puncta, but cannot pass to the nose, and accumu- 
 late. By Anel, this vyas called Dropsy of (he La- 
 cry mal sac. 
 
 Lachrymal Nerve is the smallest of the three 
 branches formed by the ophthalmic nerve. It is 
 distributed, particularly, to the lachrymal gland 
 and to the upper eyelid. In its course it gives 
 off a spheno-marillary and a malar filament. 
 LACHRYjfAL Papilla, see Lachrymal Puncta. 
 Lachrymal Passages, Vice lacryma'les, (F.) 
 Yoies lacrymales. The organs concerned in the 
 secretion of tears, in spreading them over the 
 eye, and taking them up again to transmit them 
 into the nasal fossas. The lachrymal passages 
 
 are composed of the lachrymal gland, caruncle, 
 puncta, ducts, lachrymal sac, and nasal duct, 
 which, together, form the lachrymal appara'tuB, 
 (F.) Apjpiareil lacrymal. 
 
 ■ Lachrymal Puncta, Puncta Laeryma'lia, Spi- 
 ram'ina Palpebra'rum, (F. ) Points lacrymaux, 
 are two small, round, and contractile openings, 
 situate in the centre of a tubercle or papilla, Pa- 
 pilla laeryma'lis, Tuber'culum laeryiiia'le, about 
 a line and a half distant from the inner C(jmmis- 
 sure of the eyelids, and continuous with the la- 
 chrymal ducts. These ducts, Lacryma'les Cana- 
 lie'uli, Cana'les seu Ductus lacryma'les. Ductus 
 lacrymales latera'les seu puneto'rum laerynia'lium, 
 Cor'nua laeryma'lia seu lima'cum, Cull ic' ice pune- 
 to'rum laeryma'Uum, Canalic'uli lima'cum, (F.) 
 Conduits lacrymaux, are two in number — a supe- 
 rior and an inferioi which extend from the 
 
 puncta to the lachrymal sac. They seem formed 
 by a very delicate prolongation of the conjunc- 
 tiva, which is continuous with the mucous mem- 
 brane of the lachrymal sac, (F.) Reservoir dea 
 larmes : — the Saccus seu Sinus seu Lacus laery- 
 ma'lis, Daeryoeys'tis, lufundih' ulum lacryma'le. 
 
 Lachrymal Tubercle, see Lachrymal puncta. 
 
 Lachrymal Veins accompany the artery of 
 the same name, and open into the ophthalmic and 
 palpebral veins. 
 
 LACHR.YMATION, Lacrymatio — 1. Sangui- 
 neous, Dacryhffimorrhysis. 
 
 LACI'NIA, "a hem or fringe.' 
 
 LACINI^ TUBARUM FALLOPn, see Tube, 
 Fallopian. 
 
 LAG IS, Plexus. 
 
 LACMUS, Lichen roecella. 
 
 Lacmus Tinctorius, Lichen roecella. 
 
 LACONICUM, Vaporarium, see Stove. 
 
 LACQ, Laqueus. 
 
 LACRIiMA, Tear. 
 
 LACRUMA, Tear. 
 
 LACRYMA, Tear. 
 
 LACRYMALIS, Lachrymal. 
 
 LACRYMA'TIO, Laehryma'tion, Epiphora. 
 Also, a profuse secretion of tears from any cause: 
 — weeping, Fief us, Plora'tio, Flora' tus. 
 
 LACRYMINE, see Tears. 
 
 LACTALBUMEN, Casein. 
 
 LACTAXS, Nurse. 
 
 LACTA'RIUM, Lacficin'iitm ; from lac, 'milk.' 
 Food prepared from milk. Milk diet or food. 
 
 LACTATE DE FEB, Ferri lactas— ?. de Qui- 
 nine, Quinias laetas. 
 
 LACTA'TION, Zac/a'fio, Thela'sis, Thelas'mus, 
 from lacto, laetatiim, {lac, ' milk,') ' I suckle,' ' I 
 give milk.' Sucklincj : — the giving of suck, (F.) 
 Allaitement. The French make four varieties of 
 lactation. 1. Allaitement maternal — Jfaternal 
 Lactation, when the mother suckles the child. 2. 
 A. Stranger mereenaire, — when another suckles 
 it. Z. A. artificiel, when the child is brought up 
 by hand. 4. A. animal, when the child is suckled 
 by an animal. 
 
 LACTE, Lactic. 
 
 LACTEAL, Lactic — I. Sac, see Lactiferous 
 vessels. 
 
 LACTEALS. Chyliferous vessels. 
 
 LACTEIN, Milk, solidified. 
 
 LACTENS, Sucking child. 
 
 LACTES, Mesentery, Pancreas. 
 
 LACTEUS, Lactic. 
 
 LACTIC, Lac'teus, Galae'ticus, Galac'tinus, 
 lacteal, milky, (F.) Laete, Laiteux, from lac, 
 lactis, ' milk.' Appertaining to, or resembling 
 milk. 
 
 Lactic Acid, Ac'idum Lac'tenm seu Lactis seu 
 Lac'tieum, Acid of milk, Galac'tic, Nan'ceic or 
 Ca'seic Acid, (F.) Acide Lactique. This has been 
 recommended as a therapeutical agent in atonic 
 dyspepsia, owing to its being presumed to be one 
 
LACTICA 
 
 524 
 
 L^MOSTENOSIS 
 
 of tte gastric acids secreted in health. It is 
 given either in the form of lemonade or of 
 lozenges. The acid is obtained either from milk 
 or from the juice of the red beet. 
 LACTICA. Typhoid. 
 LACTICANS, Nurse. 
 LACTICINIA, Parotid. 
 LACTICINIUM, Lactarium. 
 LACTIFERE, Lactiferous. 
 LACTIF'EROUS, Galactoph'orous, Lac'tifer, 
 (F.) Lacfifere, from lac. lactis, 'milk/ and fero, 
 ' I carry.' Milk-conveying. 
 
 Lactiferous Vessels, Laeh'ferovs or Gcdac- 
 toph'oi-uHS Buds, Tu'huli lactiferi, Ductus lacti- 
 fe.ri seu lac'tei, (F.) Vaisseaux. ou conduits lac- 
 tiferes, are the excretorj' ducts of the mammary 
 gland, each of which, running towards the nipple, 
 dilates beneath the areola into an elongated 
 saeculus- — the lacteal or galactophorous sac, re- 
 ceptacle or siuiis — sac'cidvs seu sinus lactiferus. 
 
 Lactiferous or Lacteal Swelling. A tu- 
 mefaction of the breast, supposed by Sir Astley 
 Cooper to arise from a large collection of milk in 
 one of the lactiferous tubes, the result of chronic 
 inflammation of the tube near the nipple, with 
 closure of its aperture, and obliteration of the 
 canal for an inch or more. The tube requires to 
 be punctured. 
 
 LACTIF'UGA, Lac'tifnge, from lac, lactis, 
 'milk,' and fugn, 'I drive away.' Medicines 
 which dispel milk. 
 
 LACTIGO, Porrigo larvalis. 
 LACTINE, Su2:ar of milk. 
 LACTIN'IA, from lac, lactis, 'milk.' Food 
 prepared with milk. 
 
 LACTIPOTOR, Gnlaetopotes. 
 LACTIS CONCP.ETIONES, Infarctus Mam- 
 mee lacteus. 
 
 LACTIS REDUNDANTIA, Galaetia — 1. Re- 
 tentio, Galactischesis — 1. Sanguinolenti Excretio, 
 GalactohEemia. 
 
 LACTISUGIUM. Antlia lactea. 
 LACTIVORUS, Galactophagous. 
 LACTOCELE, Gnlactocele. 
 LACTOLINE, Milk, solidified. 
 LACTOMETER, Galactometer. 
 LACTOSE, Sugar of milk. 
 LACTU'CA, from lac, lactis, 'milk;' so called, 
 from its milky juice. Lactuca Sati'va, Lettuce, 
 Garden Lettuce, Eanu'chium Meco'nis, Thridnx, 
 Cherbas, (F.) Laitue ordinaire. Ord. Compositas, 
 is used as a wholesome salad. The seeds pos- 
 sess a qu.antity of oil, which, when formed into 
 an emulsion, has been advised in ardor uriniB, &c. 
 The inspissated juice, Lacfuca'rium, Thrid'ace, 
 Lettuce opium, resembles, in odour and appear- 
 ance, that of opium, and is, like it, narcotic, but 
 uncertain. Dose, gr. j to x, and more. 
 
 Lactuca Elongata. see L. virosa — 1. Graveo- 
 lens, L. virosa — 1. Floridana, Mulgedium Fiori- 
 danum. 
 
 Lactuca Scari'ola, L. Sylves'tris, Scariola, 
 (E.) Laitue Scariole ou Sauvage, possesses a 
 stronger degree of bitterness than L. sativa. It 
 has similar virtues with Z. virosa. 
 
 Lactuca Sylvestris, L. scariola — 1. Villosa, 
 Mulgedium acuminatum. 
 
 Lactuca Viro'sa, L.grav'eolens, Strong-scented 
 Lettuce, (F.) Laitue vireuse. The odour of this 
 plant, the leaves of which are used in medicine, 
 is strongly narcotic, and the taste bitter. They 
 are narcotic, diuretic, and aperient; and have 
 been used in dropsies. Lactu'ca eJonga'ta, JVild 
 Lettuce of the United States, has been employed 
 for L. virosa. 
 
 LACTUCARIUM, see Lactuca. 
 LACTITCIMEN, Aphthaj. 
 LACTUCIMINA, Aphthee. 
 LACTUMEN, Porrigo larvalis. 
 
 LACTUMINA, Aphthse. 
 
 LACU'NA, Canalic'idus, diminutive of lacut, 
 'a lake or deep ditch.' A Fossa ox Ditch. A 
 small cavity in a mucous membrane, the parietes 
 of which secrete a viscid humour. It is used 
 synonymously with crypt. Also, the external 
 opening of such cavity. 
 
 Lacuna, Crypta, Fontanella — 1. Cerebri, In- 
 fundibulum of the brain. Pituitary gland. 
 
 Lacuna seu Sulcus seu Sul'culus La'bii 
 Superio'ris, Amab'ile, Amato'rium, Philtrum, 
 Phile'trum. The hollow of the upper lip under 
 the nose. 
 
 Lacuna Magna, see Urethra. 
 Lacuna, see Urethra. 
 
 Lacuna of Bone. Certain dark stellate spots, 
 with thread-like lines radiating from them, seen 
 under a high magnifying power. These were at 
 first believed to be solid osseous or hone corpuscles 
 or cells, Oorpus'cufa os'sium, Coriinscles of Pur- 
 kinje, (F.) Cellules des os ou osseuses, Corpuscules 
 des OS ou iwirs ou ramifies ou ccdcaires, Osteo- 
 plastes ; but are now regarded as excavations in 
 the bone — Sac'cidi ehalicoph'ori — with minute 
 tubes or cancdiculi proceeding from them, and 
 communicating with the Haversian canals. The 
 lacunpe and canaliculi are fibres concentrated in 
 the transit of nutrient fluid through the osseous 
 tissue. 
 
 ■ Lacuna Graafia'NjE, L. mueo'sa vulvce. The 
 mucous follicles of the vagina. 
 
 Lacunae Mucosa Vulv^, L. Graafianse — 1. 
 Palpebrarum, Meibomius, glands of. 
 
 LACU'NAR, La'quear, ' an arched roof.' The 
 roof of a chamber. Hence, 
 
 Lacu'nar Or'bit^. The roof of the orbit. 
 Lacunar Ventriculi Quartz Superior, Val- 
 vula Vieussenii. 
 
 LACUNE DE LA LANGUE, Csecum fora- 
 men. 
 
 LACUS LACRYMALIS, Lachrymal sac. 
 Lacus Lacryjia'rum. A small space in the 
 inner angle of the eye between the lids, towards 
 which the tears flow, and at which the triangular 
 canal formed between the closed lids terminates. 
 LADA, Piper nigrum. 
 LADANUM, see Cistus creticus. 
 LADENDO, Influenza. 
 LADIES MANTLE, Alchemilla. 
 LADIES' SLIPPER, SHOWY, Cypripedium 
 spectabile- — -1. Slipper, stemless, Cypripedium 
 acaule — 1. Slipper, yellow, Cypripedium luteum. 
 LADIES' SMOCK, Cardamine prsetensis. 
 LADRE, Leprous. 
 
 LADRERJE (F.), from ladre, 'a leper.' (F.) 
 Lcproserie, Maladrerie. A vulgar name for 
 elephantiasis, or lepra. Also, an hospital for the 
 reception of the leprous, Jjeprosa' rium, Domua 
 lej^rosa'ria. Leper hospital. 
 
 LADYBIRD, Coccinella septempunctata. 
 LADYBUG, Coccinella septempunctata. 
 LADYCOAV, Coccinella septempunctata. 
 LADY CRESPIGNY'S PILLS, see Pilule 
 Aloes et Kinse Kin^. 
 
 Lady Hesketh's Pills, see Pilulae Aloes et 
 Kinfe Kinge. 
 
 Lady Webster's Pills, see Pilulee Aloes et 
 Kinse KiniE. 
 
 LADY'S THUMB, Polygonum persicaria. 
 L^DENS, pi. Lmden'tia, from leedo, 'to hurt.' 
 Any thing hurtful or injurious, as to the economy. 
 LyEMOPARALYSIS, (Esophagoplegia. 
 LiEMOS, Pharynx. 
 
 LJ5M0SCIR'RHUS, Cancer pharyn'gis et 
 oesnph'agi, Lcemosteno' sis seu Dyspha'gia scirrho'- 
 sa ; from Aaij/os, 'the pharynx or oesophagus.' 
 Cancer of the pharynx or oesophagus. 
 
 L^MOSTENOSiS, Dysphagia constricta — 
 1. Scirrhosa, Lsemoscirrhus. 
 
L^SIO 
 
 525 
 
 LAMINARIA DIGITATA 
 
 L^SIO, Lesion — 1. Continui, see Continuity, 
 solution of. 
 
 LiETIFICAN'TIA, from JcBtiflco (Icetus, and 
 faeio). ' I make glad.' Medicines formerly used 
 as cordials, in depression of spirits, &c. 
 LiBVIGATIO, Levi^ntion. 
 L^VITAS INTESTIXOKUM, Lientery. 
 LAGBNTOMUM, Harelip. 
 LAGNEA, Coition, Satyriasis, Sperm. 
 LAGNEIA, Coition, Satyriasis, Sperm. 
 LAGNESIS, Furor Femininus, Nymphoma- 
 nia — 1. Furor masculinus, Satyriasis — 1. Salaci- 
 tas, Satyriasis. 
 
 LAGiSTEUMA, Coition, Sperm. 
 LAGNIA, Satyriasis. 
 LAGNOSIS, Satyriasis. 
 LAGOCHEILUS, Harelip. 
 LAGONES. Flanks. 
 LAGONOPONOS, Pleurodynia. 
 LAGONTOMUM, Harelip. 
 LAGOPHTHAL'MIA, from Xayo;, <a hare,' 
 and 0'/>3uX^05, 'an eye.' Laqojjhthnl'mna, Lepori'- 
 utis Oc'ulns, Hare's Eije ; (F.) CEil de LiSi-re. A 
 vicious arrnngenxent of the upper eyelid, which 
 is so retracted that it cannot cover the globe of 
 the eye during sleep. It has been asserted that 
 this condition of the eye is natural in the hare 
 vfhen asleep. 
 
 LAGOPHTHALMUS, Lagophthalmia, Geum 
 urbanum. 
 
 LAGOSTOMA, Harelip. 
 LAG TEETH, Molar teeth. 
 LAICHE, Sarsaparilla Germanica — I. des Sa- 
 bles, Sarsaparilla Germanica. 
 
 LAIT, Milk — I. Adoucissanf, Looch ex ovo — 
 I. d'Anesse, Milk, asses' — L d'Amaiidea, Emulsio 
 amygdala — I. d'Asafceti'da, Mistura asafoetidae 
 — /. de Beurre, Buttermilk — I. de Srebis, Milk, 
 ewes' — I. CaUle, Curds — I. de Chevre, Milk, 
 goats' — I. JEpanche, L. repandn — I. de Femme, 
 Milk, human — I. de Jument, Milk, mares' — I. de 
 Poule, see Ovum. 
 
 LAIT REPANDU, (F.) L. ^pancU. A po- 
 pular expression in France, under which is com- 
 prehended every kind of disease (and particularly 
 vague pains) occurring after delivery ; all being 
 ascribed to diffusion or deposition of milk. 
 
 LAIT BE TERRE, MagnesiiB carbonas — ?. 
 de Vache, Milk of the cow — I. Virginal, Virgin's 
 milk. 
 
 LAITEUX, Lactic. 
 
 LAITERON DOUX, Sonchus oleraceus. 
 LAITIAT, (F.) Sour whey, in which different 
 wild fruits have been macerated. Said to be much 
 used in the Jura as a refreshing drink. 
 
 LAITUE ORDINAIRE, Lettuce—?. Sanvage, 
 Lactuoa scariola — I. Scariole, Lactuca scariola 
 — I. Vireuse, Lactuoa virosa. 
 
 LA'ITY. La'ici ; from Xao^, 'the people.' For- 
 merly, and generally at the present day, the 
 people as distinguished from the clergy. Fre- 
 quently, however, employed in the sense of the 
 people as distinguished from those of the other 
 learned professions. A layman is one of the laitj'. 
 LAKEWEBD, Polygonum hydropiper. 
 LALIA, Voice, articulated. 
 
 LALLA'TION, Lalla'tin, Lamldacia'wtis, 
 Lahdacis'iwis, Lnl'laby speech. Sauvages uses 
 this term for a vicious pronunciation, in which 
 the letter L is improperly doubled, or softened, 
 or substituted for R. 
 
 LAM AC, Acacias gummi. 
 LAMBDACrSMUS, Lallation. 
 LAMBDOID, Lambdoid'al, Lamdo'i'des, Lamh- 
 do'des, Lamhdoidens, from the Greek letter A, 
 >a/(i3oa, and tioo;, 'shape,' 'resemblance.' Ana- 
 tomists have given the name Lambdoidal Suture, 
 Sutn'ra Lamhdoida'lis seu lambdo'idcs seu lamh- 
 
 do'idea seu Prorce, to the suture, formed by the 
 parietal bones and the occipital, because it re- 
 sembles the letter A, lambda, of the Greeks. It 
 is the Occipito-paj-ietal suture. Suture oceipitale, 
 (Ch.) In this suture, the ossa Wormiana are 
 most frequently met with ; and the denticulations 
 are most distinctly marked. 
 LAM BEAU, Flap. 
 LAMBITIVUM, Eolectos. 
 LAMBKILL, Kalmia latifolia. 
 LAMBKILLER, Andromeda mariana. 
 LAJIIE, Lamina — I. Cornce, Taenia semicircu- 
 laris — I. Riiyscliienne, Ruyschiana tunica. 
 LAMELLA, Lamina — 1. Plana, Planum os. 
 LAMEL'LAR, Lamello'siia, Lam'inated, (F.) 
 Lamelleux, Lamineux, composed of thin laminee 
 or leaves — as the Lamellar ox laminated tissue ; 
 i. e. the areolar tissue. 
 
 LAMELLEUX, Lamellar. 
 LAMENESS, Claudication. 
 LAMIER, Lamium album. 
 
 LAM'INA, Lamel'la, (F.) Lame. A thin, flat 
 part of a bone, a plate or table, as the cribriform 
 lamina or plate of the ethmoid bone. Lamina 
 and Lamella are generally used synonymously; 
 although the latter is properly a diminutive of 
 the former. 
 
 Lajuna Ciliaris, Ciliary zone. 
 Lam'ina Ciner'ea. a thin layer of gray sub- 
 stance, which forms the anterior part of the infe- 
 rior boundary of the third ventricle of the brain. 
 Lam'ina Cor'nea, Tcs'nia Tari'ni. A yellow- 
 ish band or a thickening of the lining membrane 
 of the ventricle, by which the vena corporis 
 striati is overlaid in the lateral ventricle of the 
 brain. 
 
 Lamina Cribkosa, Cribriform lamella — 1. Cri- 
 brosa ossis ethmoidei, see Crible — l. Fusca, see 
 Sclerotic — 1. Medullaris triangularis cerebri, Lyra 
 — 1. Papyracea, Planum os — 1. Perforata anterior, 
 Locus perforatus antious — 1. Perforata posterior, 
 see Tarini pons. 
 
 Lamina Peritonj5I Externa. The outer la- 
 mina or fold of the peritonaeum. 
 Lamina Prima Cutis, Epidermis. 
 Lamina Spira'lis, Septum sculm seu coch'lem 
 audito'ricB. A partition between the scalae of 
 the cochlea. The largest part of this, next the 
 modiolus, is formed of bone. The remainder, or 
 that part next the opposite side of the scalae, is 
 composed of a cartilaginous membrane, called, by 
 Valsalva, Zona seu Zo'iiula Coch'lea;. By some 
 anatomists, the lamina is divided into a Zona 
 os'sea and Z. mollis. By others, it is considered 
 to consist of four laminie, when examined with a 
 strong glass: a Zo7ia os'sea, next to the modiolus 
 — a Zona coria'cea, on the outer side of this : a 
 Zona vesicula'ris — and a Zona meinhrana'ceo, 
 which is, perhaps, the lining membrane of the 
 cochlea. At the apex of the cochlea, the lamina 
 spiralis terminates by a pointed hook-shaped pro 
 cess, ham'ulns lam'inm spira'lis. 
 
 Lamina op a Vertkbba, see Vertebra. 
 Lam'ina Dorsa'les, Dorsal lamincs. Two 
 oval masses on each side of the primitive groove 
 of the embryo, which approach so as to form a 
 groove, in which are lodged the future brain and 
 spinal marrow. 
 
 LAMIN.T5 Spongioste Nast, Turbinated bones. 
 Lam'inve Ventra'les, L. viscera'les. Thick- 
 ened prolongation* of the serous layer of the ger- 
 minal membrane, which, by their union, form ihe 
 anterior wall of the trunk of the new being. 
 
 LAMINA'RIA DIGITA'TA, Tingle. One of 
 the AlgfB eaten in Scotland, and hawked about 
 the streets with the Pepper-dulse. 
 
 The leaf of a sea-weed — a species of Lami- 
 naria — is employed in the Himalayas under the 
 
LAMINATED 
 
 526 
 
 LAPIDILLU^I 
 
 name of goitre leaf; so called because chewed by 
 the inhabitants, where goitre prevails. 
 LAMIXATED, Lamellar. 
 LAMIXEUX. Lamellar. 
 
 LA'MIIT-M ALBUM, L./olio'sum, UrU'cam-or'- 
 tua, Galeop'sis Archangel' ica, Dead or White 
 Areh'angel Xettle, (F.) Ortie blanche ou morte, 
 (S.) Daynettle, Lamier. Ord. LabiatsB. Infii- i 
 siuns of this plant have been reeommended in j 
 uterine hemorrhage, and leacorrhoea. It is not 
 used. I 
 
 LA'jrmM Amplexicau'le, Bead Xettle, Henhit ; ' 
 naturalized; flowering from May to October; is 
 regarded as tonic, diaphoretic, and laxative. 
 
 Lamiitm FoLiosnr, L. album — 1. Montanum, 
 Melittis melissophyllum — 1. Plinii, Melittis melis- 
 sophvllum — 1. Piubrum, Galeopsis. 
 
 LAMOTTE, MINERAL WATERS OP. These 
 thermal springs are in the department of Isere, 
 France. Temperature. 1S4°. 
 LAMPOURDE. Xanthium. 
 LAMPROPHO'XUS, from Uji-po;, 'cleaj,' and 
 ^Mvr,. 'voice.' One who has a clear voice. 
 LAMPSAXA, Lnpsana. 
 LAMPTRI3 XOCTILUCA. Cicindela. 
 LAXA PHILOSOPHORUM, Zinci oxydum. 
 LAN ARIA. Saponaria, Verbascum nitrrum. 
 LAXCE BE JrA URICEA L\ (F.) An instru- 
 ment invented by Mauriceau for perforating the 
 head of the fcetus. A perforator. 
 LAXCELET, Lancet. 
 LAXCEOLA, Lancet. 
 
 LAXCET, Lanee'ola, Zancet'ta, Schaste'rion, 
 Scalpiim chirnr'gicum, Lance'let, (Pror.) Fame, 
 (F.) Laneette, — diminutive of lancea, 'a lance.' 
 A surgical instrument, used in the operation of 
 phlebotomy. It is composed of two parts, the 
 handle, (F.) Chasse, and the blade, CF.) Lame. 
 The former is made of two small plates of ivory, 
 bone, or shell, movable on the blade for whose 
 preservation they are intended. The blade is 
 formed of well-polished steel. Lancets are made 
 of different shapes ; some being broad-shouldered 
 — others, spear-pointed. The French distin- 
 guished three kinds : 1. Laneette d grain d'orge, 
 which, on account of the almost oval shape of its 
 point, makes a large opening. 2. The L. d lan- 
 gue de serpent, which is very narrow towards the 
 point; and, .3. L. d grain d'avoine, which holds a 
 medium station between the two former, and is 
 generally preferred. 
 
 The Abscess Lancet is merely a large lancet for 
 the purpose of opening abscesses. 
 
 The employment of a lancet, for opening ab- 
 scesses, &c., is called Lancing. 
 LAXCETTA, Lancet. 
 LAXCE TTE. Lancet. 
 LAXCET TIER. (F.l A lancet-case. 
 LAXCrXAXT. Lancinating. 
 LAX'GIXATIXGr, Lan'cinans, from lancinare, 
 lancinatum {lancea, 'a lance,'), 'to strike or 
 thrust through.' (F.) Laneinant, (substantive, 
 ElJincement.) A species of pain, which consists 
 in lancinations or shootings, similar to those that 
 would be produced by the introduction of a sharp 
 instrument into the suffering part. It is espe- 
 cially in cancer that this kind of pain is felt. 
 
 LAXCIXGr, see Lancet — L the Gums, Be- 
 chaussement. 
 
 LAXD'S EXD, CLIMATE OF. The climate 
 of the Land's End, in England, resembles that 
 of the south of Devonshire, but is more relaxing. 
 It is considered to be most likely to prove bene- 
 ficial in consumptive cases, in which the disease 
 is accompanied by an irritated state of the pul- 
 monary mucous membrane, producing a dry 
 cough. "Where the system is relaxed, and the 
 secretion from the lungs considerable, the climate, 
 it is conceived, will generally prove injurious. 
 
 As a brumal retreat, the southern coast of De- 
 vonshire would seem to be preferable to it. 
 LAXGEAC, MIXERAL WATERS OF. Aci 
 
 dulous, mineral waters at Langeae. in the de^ 
 partment of Haute-Loire, France. They are em 
 
 ployed as refrigerant, aperient, and diuretic. 
 
 They contain carbonic acid, carbonates of sod* 
 
 and magnesia, and a little iron. 
 
 LAXGDEBEF, Anchusa officinialis. 
 LAXGEXSCHWALBACH. Schwalbaeh. 
 LAX'GII AQUA EPILEP'TICA, Epilep'tic 
 
 Water of Langius, formerly employed against 
 ' epilepsy. It was composed of the flowers of con- 
 
 vallaria and lavender, Spanish icine, cinnamon, 
 
 nutmeg, mistletoe, peony and dittany roots, long 
 1 pepper, cubebs, and rosemary flowers. 
 1 LAXGUE, Tongue — ?. Abaisseur de la, Glos- 
 I socatoehus — I. de Carpe, Fish-tongue, see Lever 
 I — I. de Cerf, Asplenium scoloperindum — I. de 
 
 Ckeval, Ruscus hypoglossum — I. de Chien, Cyno- 
 I glossum — /. de .'Serpent, Ophioglossum vulgatum. 
 LAXGUEUR, Languor. 
 LAXGUOR, ApJi'esis, Faintness, (F.) Langueur. 
 
 A species of atony, depression, or debility, which 
 
 eenerallv comes on slowly. 
 
 ^ LAXGWORT, Teratruin album. 
 LAXK, Inguen. 
 LAX'TAXA, Sage Tree, Blueberry, (F.) Cail- 
 
 leau. The leaves of this indigenous plant form 
 
 a fine-scented tea, like L. Camara or Bahama 
 j Tea, andX. Pseudothe'a or Brazil Tea. The tea 
 
 is used as a diaphoretic. 
 
 LAXU'GO, Pili cutis, Pluma, from lana, 'wool.' 
 I The soft, fine hair on different parts of the body, 
 i especially of the young. 
 
 I Laxcgo Prima, Geneias — 1. Pudendorum, 
 ; Pubes — 1. Siliquas hirsutse, see Dolichos pruriens. 
 i LAXUVIUM. Vulva. 
 
 I LAOX'ICA CURA'TIO sen CURA, from Xaoc, 
 I 'the people.' A popular mode of treating the 
 ' gout in the middle ages, which consisted in the 
 
 employment of local applications, proper for 
 
 evacuating the morbific matter. [?] 
 j LAOS, Tin. 
 
 I LAPACTICUS, Cathartic, Laxative. 
 j LAPARA, Abdomen, Flanks, Lnmbi. 
 ; LAPAREXTEROTOMIA, Laparo enterotomy, 
 j LAPAROCE'LE, from Xazapa, 'the lumbar 
 ; region,' and ki/Xi?, 'rupture.' Lumbar Hernia, 
 
 ■ through a separation of the fibres of the quadra- 
 tus lumborum, and a protrusion of the aponeu- 
 rosis of the transverse muscle on the outside of 
 
 . the mass common to the sacro-lumbalis and lon- 
 
 gissimus dorsi. — Cloquet. 
 i " LAPAROCTSTOTOMIA, see Lithotomy. 
 I LAPARO-ELTTROTOMIA, Cesarean s'ection. 
 j LAPARO-EXTEROT'OMY, Lap'aro-entero- 
 I torn' ia, Laparenterotom'ia, from \a::apa, 'thelum- 
 i bar region,' the 'abdomen,' cvrcpov, 'intestine,' 
 
 ■ and roiirj, 'incision.' The operation of opening 
 the abdomen and intestinal canal^ for the removal 
 of disease. 
 
 LAPAROSCOPIA, Abdominoseopia. 
 
 LAPAROTOMY. Gastrotomy, especially when 
 
 executed in the lumbar region. See Gastrotomy. 
 
 LAPATHOS, Rumex acutus — 1. Aquaticum, 
 
 . Rumex hydroiapathum — 1. Chinense. Rheum — 
 
 1. Orientale, Ptheum — 1. Sanguineum, Eumex 
 
 sanguineus — 1. Unctaosum, Chenopodium bonus 
 
 Henricus. 
 
 LAPATHUM, Rumex acutus— 1. Acutum, Ru- 
 
 ! mex acutus — 1. Hortense, Rumex patientia — 1. 
 
 Pratense, Rumex acetosus — L Scutatum, Rumex 
 
 scutatus — 1. Sylvestre, Rumez acatus, R. obtu- 
 
 I sifolius. 
 
 LAPAXIS. Evacuation. 
 LAPE. Mucus. 
 1 LAPIDIL'LUM, from Zajji's, 'a stone.' Blasios 
 
LAPILLATIO 
 
 527 
 
 LARYNGEAL 
 
 bas given this name to a kind of scoop, used for 
 extracting stone from the bladder. 
 LAPILLATIO, Lithia. 
 
 LAPILLI GLANDULE PINEALIS, see Pi- 
 neal gland. 
 
 LAPIL'LUS, diminutive of lapia, 'a stone.' A 
 small stone; gravel; a grain of sand. 
 
 LAPIS, Calculus — 1. Accipitrum, Hieracites 
 — 1. Aerosus, Calamina — 1. Ammoniaci, see Am- 
 moniac gum — 1. Animalis, Blood — 1. Armenius, 
 Melochites — 1. Aureus, Urine — 1. Bezoardicus, 
 Bezoar — 1. Cscruleus, Cupri sulphas — 1. Calami- 
 naris, Calamina — 1. Carneolus, Cornelian — 1. 
 Causticus, Potassa cum calce, Potassa fusa — 1. 
 Collymus, jEtites — 1. Contrayervse, Pulvis con- 
 trayervte compositus — 1. Cyanus, L. lazuli. 
 
 Lapis Divi'nus, i. OphtJicil'inieus seu OphthaV- 
 micus Sti. Ivesii, Caprtim alumina' turn, CF.) Pier- 
 re divine, [Ciipiri 8ul})hat., Alumin., Potass, nitrat. 
 aa ^j. Melt together, adding at the end Cam- 
 phor. 3Jss.) Employed to make an eye-water, 
 ^ij ad aqucB §iv. 
 
 Lapis Fulmineus, Cerannion — 1. Hematites, 
 Haematites — 1. Heracleus, Magnet — 1. Infernalis, 
 Argenti nitras — 1. Infernalis alkalinus, Potassa 
 fusa — -1. Infernalis sive septicus, Potassa cum 
 calce — 1. Judaicus, Judseus (lapis). 
 
 Lapis Lazu'li, L. Cy'anns, Asulci, Laz'ulite, 
 (F.) Pierre d'azur, Outremer. A stone, of a 
 beautiful blue colour; opake ; and close-grained; 
 fracture, dull. It is composed of silex ; alumina; 
 carbonate and sulphate of lime; oxide of iron, 
 and water. It was formerly looked upon as a 
 purgative and emetic, and given in epilepsy. 
 
 Lapis Malucensis, Bezoard of the Indian 
 porcupine — 1. Nauticus, Magnet — 1. Ophthalmi- 
 cus, L. Divinus — 1. Ophthalmicus St. Ivesii, L. 
 Divinus — 1. Phoenicites, JudKus (lapis) — 1. Por- 
 cinus, Bezoard of the Indian porcupine — 1. Pru- 
 nellas, Potassae nitras fusus sulphatis paucillo 
 mixtus — 1. Sardius, Cornelian — 1. Septicus, 
 Causticum commune, Potassa fusa — 1. Specula- 
 ris, S. lueidum — 1. Syderitis, Magnet — 1. Syri- 
 acus, Judaeus (lapis) — 1. Vini, Potassae supertar- 
 tras impurus. 
 
 LAPPA, Arctium lappa, Galium aparine, Lip- 
 pitudo — 1. Minor, Xanthium. 
 
 LAPPULA HEPATICA, Agrimony. 
 LAP'SANA, Lamp'sana, Na'pium, Papilla'- 
 ris herba, Dock-cresses, Nipple- Wort, (Sc.) Bol- 
 gan leaves, (F.) Lampsane, Herhe aux Mamelles. 
 This plant is a lactescent bitter. It has been 
 chiefly employed, however, as an external appli- 
 cation to sore nipples, &c. 
 
 LAPSUS PILORUM, Alopecia. 
 LAQ, Laqueus. 
 LAQUE, Lacca. 
 LAQUEAR, Lacunar. 
 
 La'quear Vagi'XjE, Fundus Var/ince {laquear, 
 'the inward roof of a house'). The part of the 
 vagina in which the cervix uteri terminates. 
 
 LA'QUEUS, Funis. A cord, ligature or ban- 
 dage, with running knots; — a Noose, a loop. A 
 fillet, BrocTios, Pach'etos, (F.) Lae, Laq ou Laeq. 
 The term is applied to a bandage or fillet of any 
 kind, attached by means of a loop upon any 
 part, with the view of fixing it ; as in certain 
 cases of labour, where a hand or foot presents ; 
 or to facilitate extension in luxations and frac- 
 tures. 
 
 Also: — A prominent band in the brain, Lem- 
 nis'cus, behind the brachium posterius of the 
 corpora quadrigemina, which marks the course 
 of the superior division of the fasciculus olivaris. 
 Laqueus Gut'turis, 'Noose of the throat.' 
 Violent inflammation of the tonsils, in which the 
 patient appears as if suifocated by a noose. Ac- 
 cording to some, gangrenous cynanche. 
 LARCH, Pinus larix. 
 
 LARD, Adeps. 
 LARDACE, Lardaceous. 
 
 LARDA'CEOUS, Larda'ceus, Lar'deits, Lnrd'- 
 iform, Lardifor'mis, (F.) Lardace ; from lardum, 
 'lard,' the fat of bacon. An epithet given to 
 certain organic alterations in the textures, whose 
 aspect and consistence resemble lard. (F.) Tissua 
 lardaces. They constitute what has been termed 
 the Larda'ceons or Chol'esterine Disease. From 
 their waxy appearance the pathological condition 
 has been called Cero'ma. 
 LARDEUS, Lardaceous. 
 LARDIFORM, Lardaceous, 
 LARDUM, Adeps. 
 LARGE, Broad. 
 LARIDUM, Adeps. 
 
 LARIX, Pinus larix — 1. Communis, Pinus 
 larix — 1. Decidua, Pinus larix — 1. Europaea, Pi- 
 nus larix — 1. Pyramidalis, Pinus larix. 
 
 LARKSPUR, BRANCHING, Delphinium con- 
 solida. 
 
 LAR31E, Tear. 
 LARM0IE2IENT, Epiphora. 
 LAROCHE POSAY, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Simple suphurous waters in the depart- 
 ment of Vienne, France. 
 
 LAR'REA MEXICA'NA, L. glutino'sum. Ore'- 
 asote pilant. Order, Zygophyllacese. A shrub, 
 growing in Arkansas, Southern Texas, New Mexi- 
 co, and Northern Mexico, which abounds in a 
 strong-scented resinous matter; and is used, ex- 
 ternally and internally, in rheumatism, and in 
 syphilitic, and other pains. 
 
 LARVA, Mask. Also the larve, gruh, or ver- 
 miform condition of an insect : the first change 
 it experiences after leaving the ovum. Larves 
 of insects are occasionally developed in the in- 
 testinal canal from ova swallowed. See Ectozoa, 
 LAR VE, Mask. 
 LAR VE, Masked. 
 LAR YiVGE, Laryngeal. 
 
 LARYNGE'AL, Larynge'us, (F.) Larynge, 
 Laryngien. Same etymon as Larynx. That 
 which belongs to the larynx. 
 
 Laryngeal Arteries are given off from the 
 thyroid arteries. 
 
 Laryngeal Nerves, (F.) Nerfs Larynges, 
 are two in number ; — a siipierior and an inferior. 
 The superior laryngeal nerve is given off from 
 the trunk of the pneumogastric, at the upper 
 and deep part of the neck. It passes downwards 
 and inwards, behind the internal carotid artery, 
 and divides into two secondary branches ; the 
 one, external, which distributes its filaments, on 
 the outside of the larynx, to the sterno-thyroid, 
 hyo-thyroid, constrictor inferior, crico-thyroid 
 muscles, &c. The other, the internal, which 
 crosses the thyro-hyoid membrane, and gives 
 filaments to the epiglottis, the mucous mem- 
 branes of the pharynx and larynx, to the aryte- 
 noid gland, the arytenoid and crico-thyroid mus- 
 cles, and ultimately anastomoses with the inferior 
 laryngeal nerve. The inferior laryngeal nerves 
 or recur'rents, Nervi reversi'vi, Rameaux Tra- 
 cheaux (Chaus.,) arise from the trunk of the 
 pneumogastric within the thorax. They ascend 
 in the furrow, which separates the trachea from 
 the oesophagus, to be distributed on the neck, 
 after having been reflected ; — the left around the 
 arch of the aorta; the right, around the corre- 
 sponding subclavian. They send oflF filaments 
 to the cardiac plexuses; to the parietes of the 
 oesophagus, and trachea ; to the thyroid gland ; 
 to the inferior constrictor of the pharynx; the 
 posterior and lateral crico-arytenoid and thyro- 
 arytenoid muscles ; and to the mucous membrane 
 of the pharynx and larynx. 
 Laryngeal Phthisis, Phthisis, laryngeal. 
 
LARTNGECHE 
 
 528 
 
 LAETNX 
 
 Laryngeal Pouches. Small ci(?«-t7e-sac, which 
 lead from the anterior part of each ventricle of 
 the larynx upwards, for the space of half an inch, 
 between the superior ligaments on the inner side, 
 and the thyroid cartilage on the outer, reaching 
 as high as the tipper border of that cartilage at 
 the sides of the epiglottis. Numerous small glands 
 open into them. 
 
 Laryngeal Sound, Laryngeche. 
 
 Laryngeal Veins open into the internal jugu- 
 lar. Winslow gives the name laryngeal to the 
 superior thyroid artery. 
 
 Laryngeal Voice, see Voice. 
 
 LARTXGE'CHE, from larynx, and vxVt or 
 rix<>^> ' sound.' The laryngeal sound heard by the 
 stethoscope during breathing and speaking. 
 
 LARYNGEMPHRAX'IS, from larynoc, and 
 cfjKppa^is, 'obstruction.' Obstruction of the larynx 
 from any cause. 
 
 LAE YNGIEN, Laryngeal. 
 
 LARYNGISM'US, from larynx. Spasm of 
 glottis, giving occasion to contraction or closure 
 of the opening. 
 
 LARYNGISMUS STRIDULUS, Asthma thy- 
 micum. 
 
 LAB YNGITE, Laryngitis— Z. Muqueuse, La- 
 ryngitis (simple) — I. (Edemateuse, ffidema of the 
 glottis — I. (Edemateuse et sero-j^nridente, (Edema 
 "of the glottis — I. avec Production de Fausses 
 membranes, Cynanche trachealis — I. Pseudo-mem- 
 Iraneuse, Cynanche trachealis — I. avec Secretion 
 de Pus, Phthisis laryngea — I. Sus-glottique, 
 (Edema of the glottis — /. Striduleuse, Asthma 
 thymicum — I. Sous-muqueuse, (Edema of the 
 glottis. 
 
 LARYXGI'TIS, from larynx, and itis, a suffix 
 denoting iniiammation ; Injiamma'tio Laryn'gis, 
 Cynanche seu Angi'na larynge'a, (F.) Laryngite. 
 Catarrhe laryngien, Angine larynge, Inflamma- 
 tion of the Larynx. This disease, in some mea- 
 sure, resembles croup; but is usually devoid of 
 that peculiar sonorous inspiration, which attends 
 the latter. There is, also, pain upon pressing 
 the larynx ; and, whilst laryngitis is a disease of 
 more advanced life, croup attacks children. The 
 membraniform exudation is, also, absent; pro- 
 bably, because the inflammation, being seated 
 above the glottis, the coagulable lymph is readily 
 expectorated. It requires the most active treat- 
 ment. 
 
 Simple Laryngitis is called by some mncoua 
 Ijaryngitis, Laryngitis acu'ta seu muco'sa acuta, 
 (F.) Laryngite muqueuse, to distinguish it from 
 submucous Laryngitis or (Edema of the glottis. 
 
 Chronic Laryngitis is generally regarded as 
 synonymous with laryngeal phthisis; but it may 
 exist independently. 
 
 Laryngitis Acuta, Laryngitis — 1. Chronic, 
 see Phthisis Laryngea — 1. Exsudativa, Cynanche 
 trachealis — 1. Membranacea, Cynanche trachealis 
 — 1. Mucosa acuta. Laryngitis — 1. Mucous, Laryn- 
 gitis (simple)—!. (Edematous, (Edema of the glot- 
 tis — 1. Polyposa, Cynanche trachealis — 1. Seropu- 
 rulenta, CEdema of the glottis — 1. Submucous, 
 (Edema of the glottis — 1. et Tracheitis chronica, 
 see Phthisis laryngea— 1. et Tracheitis infantilis, 
 Cj'nanche trachealis. 
 
 LARYNGOCACE, Cynanche trachealis. 
 
 LARYNGO-CATAR'RHUS, Catarrhus Laryn- 
 geus et trachea'lis. Catarrh affecting the larynx 
 and trachea more especially, as indicated by al- 
 teration of the voice — hoarseness — itching and 
 sensation of burning in those parts; short cough 
 and expectoration. <fcc. 
 
 LARYNGO-ET-TRACHEO-PHTHISIS, 
 Phthisis laryngea. 
 
 LARYNGOG'RAPHY,Za>7/ni7o.7ra>Aj-a/from 
 larynx, and ypa(pv, 'a description.'' An anatomi- 
 cal description of the larynx. 
 
 LAPi,Y''XGOL'OGY, from larynx, and Xoyoj, 
 'treatise.' A treatise on the larynx. 
 
 LARYXGOPARALYSIS, see Aphonia. 
 
 LARYNGOPH'ONY, Laryngopho'nia, Tra- 
 cheoph' ony , Larynge'al voice, Tracheal voice : 
 from larynx, and 0q)V7, ' voice.' The sound heard 
 in health, when the stethoscope is placed over 
 the larynx or trachea at the time a person speaks. 
 The voice appears to pass immediately up to the 
 ear of the auscultator. A similar physical sign 
 exists when there is a cavity in the lungs, and 
 the instrument is placed over it whilst the patient 
 speaks. See Pectoriloquy. 
 
 LARYXGOPHTHISIS, Phthisis laryngea. 
 
 LARYXGOSPASMUS, Asthma thymicum. 
 
 LARYXGOSTASIS, Cynanche trachealis. 
 
 LARYXGOSTEXO'SIS, from larynx, and 
 ffTEruCTt;, ' contraction.' Contraction or narrow- 
 ness of the larynx. 
 
 LARYXGOT'OMY, Laryngofom'ia, from 
 larynx, and TCfivuv, 'to cut.' A surgical opera- 
 tion, which consists in opening the larynx, either 
 to extract a foreign body, or to remedy an ob- 
 struction of the glottis. The operation is, some- 
 times, erroneously called Bronchotomy, aad Tra- 
 chetomy. 
 
 LARl'XGO-TRACHEITIS, Cynanche tra- 
 chealis — 1. Tracheitis with Diphtheritic exuda- 
 tion, Cynanche trachealis. 
 
 It A'R'Y'NX,(gen.Laryngis,))^apvY^,'SapvYyoi, Ca- 
 put seu Oper'culum seu Init"ium seu Finis supe'- 
 rior seu Ter'minus superior seu Pars jjrima as'- 
 percB arte'ricB. The apparatus of voice is situate 
 at the superior and anterior part of the neck ; and 
 at the top of the trachea, with which it communi- 
 cates. It is composed of four cartilages, — the 
 thyroid, cricoid, and two arytenoid; is moved 
 by a number of muscles, and lined by a mucous 
 membrane, having certain membranous reflec- 
 tions, constituting the superior ligaments of the 
 glottis, &c. 
 
 Parts composing the Lar'S'nx. 
 
 1. Cartilages, 
 
 r 
 
 2. Muscles. \ 
 
 ( Thyroid. 
 I Cricoid. 
 
 j Two arytenoid. 
 
 [Epiglottis. 
 
 f Sterno-thyroid. 
 
 I Constrictors of the 
 Extrinsic, -{ pharynx. 
 
 I All the muscles of 
 
 [ the hj'oid region. 
 
 f Crico-thyoid. 
 
 I Crico-arytenoid, pos- 
 
 I terior. 
 Intrinsic, -l Cryco-arytcnoid, la- 
 
 I teral. 
 Thyro-arytenoid. 
 
 [Arytenoid. 
 
 3. Museous Membrane. 
 
 r Epiglottic. 
 
 4. Glands J Arj-tenoid. 
 
 ( Thyroid. 
 
 5. Membranes . 
 
 6. Ligaments. 
 
 J Thyro-hyoid. 
 \ Crico-thyroid. 
 f Crico-arytenoid. 
 [ Thyro-arytenoid. 
 
 The vessels and nerves of the larynx are called 
 Laryngeal. 
 
 The larynx is destined to give passage to the 
 air, in the act of respiration, and to impress upon 
 it certain modifications, which constitute voice. 
 Its dimensions vary in different individuals. In 
 men, it is always larger, and situate lower, than 
 in women. 
 
 Larynx, Pellicular or Plastic Inflamma- 
 tion OF the, Cynanche trachealis. 
 
LASANUM 
 
 529 
 
 LAUROSE 
 
 LAS'ANUM, Sella familiar'ica, (F.) Chaise 
 pergee. A close stool. 
 
 LASCIVIA, Satyriasis. 
 
 LASCIVITAS, Satyriasis. 
 
 LASCIVUS, Libidinous. 
 
 LASER, Laserpitium — I. A Larges feniUes, 
 Laserpltium latifolium. 
 
 LASERPIT"IUM, Laser, Sil'pMum, o-o? ci\- 
 (piov. A term applied, anciently, both to a plant 
 and its juice, regarding the nature of neither of 
 which Tve possess any precise information. Bent- 
 ley, Laurence, Geoffroi, &c., regard it to have 
 been the same as asafoetida: — Theophrastus, 
 Dioscorides, and the ancient scholiast of Aristo- 
 phanes, however, by assigning a sweet and agree- 
 able flavour to the laserpitium, discountenance 
 the idea. From whatever plant obtained, it was 
 so rare, and consequently so costly, that the 
 Romans deposited it in the public treasury. It 
 was obtained from Cyrene — Succus Oyrena'ictts — 
 and likewise from Persia — the latter being the 
 most valuable. The Laserpitium is called by 
 Avicenna, Altihit. 
 
 Laserpitium Asperum, L. latifolium. 
 
 Laserpitium Latifo'lium, L. as'pemm, Gcn- 
 tia'na alba, White Gentian, Oerva'ria alba; (F.) 
 Laser d larges feuillea. The root of this plant is 
 bitter and tonic. 
 
 Laserpitium Montanum, L. siler. 
 
 Laserpitium Siler, L. trifolta'tnm seu moyi- 
 ta'num, Ses'eli, Seselis, Siler monta'num seu lan- 
 cifo'linm, Heart-ioort, Sermountain. The seeds 
 and roots are possessed of aromatic properties. 
 
 Laserpitium Trifoliatum, L. siler. 
 
 LASSITUDE OCULAIRE, Copyopia. 
 
 LASSITUDO, Copos. 
 
 LAST, Inguen. 
 
 LATENS in ore, Pterygoideus internus. 
 
 LATENT, Lateiis, from latere, ' to lie hid.' 
 'Lying hid,' 'concealed.' An epithet applied to 
 certain diseases or states of disease, in which the 
 symptoms are so concealed and obscure, morbi 
 occul'ti, as to escape the observation of the phy- 
 sician. Thus, we say latent injlammation, latent 
 period of small-pox. 
 
 LAT'ERAD, from latus, latcris, 'the side.' A 
 term used adverbially by Dr. Barclay to signify 
 'towards the lateral aspect.' 
 
 LATERAL ASPECT, see Mesial. 
 
 LATERIT"IOUS,Zafenr'i».?,LCT/er/e";».s,(F.) 
 Briquete, from later, lateris, 'a brick.' An epi- 
 thet applied to the brick-like sediment, oceasion- 
 ally deposited in the urine of people afElioted 
 with fever; Sedimen' turn uri'ncB lateric" ium ; — 
 (F.) Urine briquete. 
 
 LAT'EROFLEX'ION, Lat'erojlex'io. A bend- 
 ing to one side, — as of the uterus. 
 
 LATER 0-VERSION, Lat'ero-ver'sio. A 
 turning or version to one side, — as of the uterus. 
 
 LATESCENTIS CHORDAE (Musculus), Pal- 
 maris longus. 
 
 LATEX NIVEUS, Milk. 
 
 LATHYRIS, Euphorbia latbyris. 
 
 LATIB'ULUM, from luteo, 'I lie hid.' The 
 foyer of a febrile poison ; whence it spreads to 
 every part to induce a paroxysm. See Clapier. 
 
 LAT'ICA. Same etymon. Amphimer'ina lat'- 
 iea of Sauvages. A species of quotidian remit- 
 tent, whose paroxysms are very long, and which 
 is accompanied with latent or slightly developed 
 fever, whence its name. 
 
 LATICES LACTEI, Receptaculum chyli. 
 
 LATISSIMUS COLLI, Platysma myoides. 
 
 Latis'simus Dorsi, (superlative of latua, 
 'broad.') Aniscalp)'tor, Braehium movens quartus, 
 (F.) Lombo-humeral (Ch.), Dorsi -lombo-sacro-hu- 
 meral, Ifuscle grand dorsal, M. tres large du dos. 
 A flat muscle ; broad, especially below ; thin ; quad- 
 rilateral ; and situate at the po.=!terior, lateral, and 
 U 
 
 inferior region of the trunk. It is attached to 
 the posterior half of the outer lip of the crest of 
 the ilium ; to the posterior surface of the sacrum ; 
 to the spinous processes of the six or seven last 
 dorsal vertebreo, to all those of the loins, and to 
 the last four false ribs, and is inserted by a strong 
 tendon at the posterior edge of the bicipital 
 groove of the humerus. Its upper fibres are 
 almost horizontal; the middle very long and 
 oblique upwards and outwards; and the anterior 
 almost vertical. This muscle carries the arm 
 backwards, depressing it, and making it turn on 
 its axis. It also draws backwards and down- 
 wards the prominence of the shoulder. When, 
 suspended by an arm, we make an elFort to raise 
 ourselves, it draws the trunk towards the arm. 
 It can, also, raise the ribs by assuming its fixed 
 point on the humerus, and become an inspiratory 
 muscle. 
 
 LATITUDO HUMERI, Scapula. 
 
 LATTICE WORK, Cancelli. 
 
 LATUS, Broad — 1. Ani, Levator ani. 
 
 LAU, see Spirit. 
 
 LAUCA'NIA, Leuca'nia, Lau'chane. The 
 fauces and oesophagus. Also, the chin. — Gor- 
 rseus. 
 
 LAUCHANE, Laucania. 
 
 LAUD'ANUM or LAUDA'NUxM. Perhaps, 
 from ?au«, laudis, 'praise;' landa'tum, 'praised.' 
 Every preparation of opium, solid or liquid, but 
 more particularly the extract and tincture, and 
 especially the latter. 
 
 Laudanum Abba'tis Rousseau, Guttce Abhatis 
 Rousseau, Vinnm opia'tum fermentatio'ne para'- 
 tiim, Abbe Rousseau's Drops. {3fel. Narbonnens., 
 ^^xij; aqucB calidce, Oiij. Set in a warm place, 
 and, as soon as the mixture ferments, add opium, 
 ^iv, dissolved in luater, f^xij. Let it ferment 
 for a month, and evaporate to f.^x: strain, and 
 add rectified spirit of wine, f^ivss. 
 
 Laudanum, Ford's, Vinum opii — -1. Liquid, 
 Tinctura opii — 1. Liquidum Iloifmanni, Vinum 
 opii — 1. Liquidum Sydenhami, Vinum opii — 1. 
 Opiatum, Extractum opii — 1. Simplex, Extractum 
 opii — 1. Sydenham's, Vinum opii. 
 
 LAUGH, Risus — 1. Sardonic, Canine laugh. 
 
 LAUGHING, Risus. 
 
 LAUGHTER, Risus. 
 
 LAUREL, Kalmia latifolia. Magnolia macro- 
 phylla — 1. Broad-leaved, Kalmia latifolia — 1. 
 Cherry, Prunus lauro-cerasus — 1. Common, Pru- 
 nus lauro-cerasus — 1. Dwarf, Kalmia angustifolia 
 — 1. Great, Rhododendron maximum — 1. Ground, 
 Epigaea repens — 1. Mountain, Kalmia latifolia, 
 Rhododendron — 1. Narrow-leaved, Kalmia an- 
 gustifolia — 1. Pale, Kalmia glauca — 1. Poison, 
 Primus lauro-cerasus — 1. Rose, Kalmia latifolia 
 — 1. Sheep, Kalmia angustifolia — 1. Swamp, Kal-, 
 mia glauca — 1. Sweet, Illicium Floridanum — 1. 
 Water, see Prunus lauro-cerasus — -1. White, Mag- 
 nolia glauca. 
 
 LAURENT, SAINT, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. A thermal spring, five leagues from Joyeuse 
 in France. Temp. 127° Fahr. 
 
 LAUREN'TIA PINNATIF'IDA, Pepper- 
 dulse. One of the Algte, eaten in Scotland, and 
 hawked about the streets of Edinburgh along 
 with Lamina' ria digita'ta or Tangle. 
 
 LAUREOLA, Daphne laureola. 
 
 LAURIER, Laurus — I. Alexandrin, Ruscus 
 hypoglossum — I. Amandier, Prunus lauro-cerasus 
 — I. d'Apollon, Laurus — I. Cerise, Prunus lauro- 
 cerasus — I. de Ceylon, Laurus cinnamomum — I, 
 Commun, Laurus — I. des Cuisines, Laurus — I. des 
 Montagues, Kalmia latifolia — I. Noble, Laurus — 
 I. Rose, Nerium oleander — I. de Trebisonde, Pru- 
 nus lauro-cerasus. 
 
 LAURO-CERASUS, Prunus lauro-cerasus. 
 
 LAUROSE, Nerium oleander. 
 
LAURUS 
 
 530 
 
 LAXATOR 
 
 LAURUS, Laiirus noh'ilis, Dnpli'ne, Sweet Bay. 
 Nat. Oi-d. Lauracese. (F.) Laurier, L. nolle ou 
 dee cuisines ou commun ou d'Apollon. The leaves 
 and berries, Launw (Ph. L.).. have a sweet, fra- 
 grant smell, and an aromatic, astringent taste. 
 Sweet bay has been advised as a stomachic and 
 carminative, but is now rarely used. It is, some- 
 times, employed as a fomentation and in glys- 
 ters; and the berries are an ingredient in the 
 Emplastruni Ciimini. 
 
 Ladrus ^stivalis, L. benzoin — l.Alesandrina 
 angustifolia, Ruscus hypoglossum. 
 
 Laurcs Bes'zoix, Benzoin odorif'ernm, Laii- 
 rus Pseudo-benzoin seu (BStiva'lis, Spice wood, 
 Spice bush, Benjamin bush, Allspice bush, Wild 
 allspice, Spice berry. Fever loood. Fever hush. 
 An indigenous shrub, growing in moist, shady 
 places, in all parts of the United States; flower- 
 ing early in spring. All parts of the shrub have 
 a spicy, agreeable flavour, which is strongest in 
 the bark and berries. An infusion or decoction 
 of the small branches is used in popular practice as 
 a vermifuge, and an agreeable drink in low fevers. 
 The bark has been used in intermittents ; the 
 berries, dried and powdered, for allspice. The 
 oil of the berries is used as an excitant. 
 
 Laurds Camphora, see Camphor — I. Canella, 
 L. Cassia. 
 
 Laurds Cas'sia, L. Canel'la, Per'sea cassia. 
 The species of laurus which yields the Ca'sia, 
 Cas'sia, Canel'la, Cassia lig'nea sencinnamo'mea, 
 C. lignea dialabar'ica. Cortex Canel'ltB Mala- 
 bar'iccB, Cortex cras'sior, Xylo-cassia, Canel'la 
 Malabarica e.t Javen'sis, C. Guba'na, Arbor Ju- 
 da'iea, Canellif'era Malabar'ica, Cinnamo'mmn 
 Malabar'ictim seu In'dicuni seu Sinen'se, Cali- 
 hac'ha canel'la, Wild Cinnamon, Malabar Cin- 
 namon, Cassia, (F.) Cannelle de Molahar ou de 
 Java ou de la Chine ou des hides ou de Coroman- 
 del, C. fausse, G. matte, Casse en bois ou aronur- 
 tique. The bark and leaves abound with the 
 flavour of cinnamon, for which they may be sub- 
 stituted ; but they are much weaker. The un- 
 opened flower-buds are used in the same manner. 
 Aqua Cassia, Water of Cassia, prepared by distil- 
 lation, is of&cinal in the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Labrtjs Cinxamomoides, Nectandra cinnamo- 
 moides. 
 
 Laurus CiNNAMo'simr,- P«)-se'a cinnamo'mitm, 
 Cinnamo' mum, G.Zeylau'icum, Darse'ni, Darsi'ni, 
 Cinnamon, Xylo-cinnamovium, Cuiirdo Canel'la, 
 (Sc.) Cannel, (F.) Cannelle, Baume de Cannelle, 
 Cannelle officinale ou de Ceylon. Cinnamon 
 bark, which is obtained, also, from the Cinaamo'- 
 mum aromat'iciim, is stimulant and carminative, 
 and is employed, chiefly, as a grateful aromatic, 
 to cover the taste of nauseous remedies. Dose, 
 gr. X to 3j. The Floicers, called Cassia Flares in 
 the shops, possess aromatic and astringent virtues, 
 and may be used wherever cinnamon is required. 
 The volatile oil of the bark — O'lenm Ginmtmo' mi 
 — Oil of Cinnamon, is ofScinal in the Pharm. U. S. 
 
 Laurus Cubeba, Piper cubeba — 1. Culilaban, 
 L. Culilawan. 
 
 Laurus Culil'awan, L. OuUl'abnn, seu Cary- 
 ophyl'lus, Cinnamo'mum Culilawan. The tree that 
 affords the Cortex CuUlaivati seu Culilaban, Cu- 
 lilawan, Ciditluwan, Cortex caryophylloldes seu 
 Caryophyllo'ides Amboinen'sis. This bark resem- 
 bles the sassafras in appearance and properties, 
 and is used in Java as a condiment. 
 
 Laurus Malabathruji, see Malabatbrum — 
 1. Nobilis, Laurus — 1. Persea, Persea gratissima — 
 J. Pseudobenzoin, L. Benzoin. 
 
 Laurus Sas'safras, Perse'a sas'safras, Sas- 
 safras, Corn us mas odora'ta, Anhuiba, J^gae-free, 
 Ague-tree, (F.) Pavanne. Indigenous in the 
 United States. Sassnfras wood and root, and 
 especially the bark of the root. Sassafras Radi'- 
 c.is C<,nr.r CPh. \'i. S.). have been considered 
 
 stimulant, sudorific, and diuretic. The virtues de- 
 pend upon essential oil. Oleum Sassafras, the odour 
 of which is not unlike that of fennel. It has been 
 used in cutaneous diseases,chronic rheumatism, itc. 
 
 The pith of the stems, Sassafras rnedul'la (Ph. 
 U. S.), abounds in gummy matter, which it rea- 
 dily imparts to water, forming a limpid mucilage, 
 which is much employed as a collyrium in oph- 
 thalmia, and as a drink in dysentery, catarrh, ifec. 
 (one drachm of the pith to a pint of boiling water). 
 
 LAUTIS'SIMA VINA. (Superlative of lautus, 
 'elegant.') Wines were formerly so called, which 
 were strongly impregnated with myrrh. 
 
 LAVA.AIENTUil, Clyster, Enema. 
 
 LAVANDE, Lavendula — ?. de Her, Statice 
 limonium — I. Triste, Statice limonium. 
 
 LAVAN'DULA, Laven'dula, from lava, '1 
 wash;' so called from being used in baths. Lavan'- 
 clula spica (Linnseus) seu angustifo'lia seu ojfici- 
 na'lis seu vera, Common Lavender, (F.) Lavande. 
 Ord. Labiatse. The odour of lavender flowers, 
 Lavand'ula (Ph. U. S.), is fragrant and agreeable ; 
 taste warm and bitterish — depending upon an es- 
 sential oil. It has been used as a stimulant : parti- 
 cularly in the form of the oil, — O'leum lavan'dulcB. 
 The dried leaves have been employed as an 
 errhine. 
 
 The French use, also, Lavandula Stcechas, 
 Stcechos et Stichas Arab'ica, French Lavender, 
 of which they have a compound syrup, Syr'upus 
 de stoe'chadl compos'itus : given as a pectoral. 
 
 Lavandula Latifolia, Lavandula. 
 
 Lavandula Spica (Linnasus), L. Latifo'Ua 
 Spica, French Lav'ender, (F.) Lavande, Aspic, 
 Spic, yields the Oil of Spike, O'leum spjiccB, (F.) 
 Huile d' Aspic ou de Spic, which is used to make 
 varnishes, and as a liniment in paralysis, 
 
 LAVEMENT, Clyster, Enema— Z. Antis2ms- 
 modique. Enema foetidum. 
 
 LAVENDER, COMMON, Lavendula — L 
 French, Lavandula spica — 1. Sea, Statice limo- 
 nium, Statice Caroliniana. 
 
 LAVENDULA, Lavandula. 
 
 LAVER, Ulva latissima- — 1. Broad green, Ulva 
 latissima — 1. Germanicum, Veronica beccabunga 
 — 1. Laciniated purple, Ulva umbUicalis — 1. Odo- 
 ratum, Sisymbrium nasturtium. 
 
 LAVIPEDIUM. Pediluviuui. 
 
 LAW MEDICINE, Medicine, legaL 
 
 LAWSONIA ALBA, L. Inermis. 
 
 Lawso'nia Iner'jiis, L. alba, Alcati'a vera seu 
 Orienta'lis, Cype'rus antiquo'rum, Ligus'trum 
 ^gyptiaeum, Smooth Lawso'nia, (F.) Henne, Al- 
 haune. An East Indian and African plant, the 
 root of which is slightly astringent 
 
 In India, the root of the Lawso'nia spinosa is 
 employed in lepra and other cutaneous affections. 
 
 LAX, Diarrhoja. 
 
 LAXANS, Laxative, Relaxant. 
 
 LAX'ATIVE, Laxati'vus, Laxans, Le'niens, 
 from laxare, laxatum, 'to loosen;' Minorati'vns, 
 Solnti'vns, Alvid'urus, Hypochorel'icus, Hypa^ 
 yo'gus, HypeVatus, Hypocathar'ticus, Lapac'ticus. 
 A medicine which gently opens the bowels; such 
 as tamarinds, manna, &c. 
 
 LAXATIVUS INDICUS, Cambogia. 
 
 LAXATOR AURIS INTERNUS, L. tympani. 
 
 Laxator Tympaxi, L. major tym'pani, Exter'- 
 H!(s seu Ante'rior m<dl'ei, Obli'quns seu Externum 
 auris, Laxator auris inter'nus, Eusta'chii mus'- 
 cidas, (F.) Anterieur du marteazi, Acoustico-mnl- 
 leen, Spheni-scdpingo-mallien. A muscle which 
 arises from the spine of the sphenoid bone and 
 from the cartilage of the Eustachian tube, and is 
 inserted, by a tendon, into the apophysis of Rau. 
 It relaxes the membrana tympani. 
 
 Laxa'tor Tym'pani Minor. A very small 
 muscle which extends from the upper part of 
 the external auditory canal, and is inserted at 
 the inferior part of the process of the handle of 
 
LAXITAS 
 
 531 
 
 LEIMAX 
 
 the malleus. Its existence is denied liy most 
 anatomists. 
 
 LAXITAS, Atony — 1. Alvi, Diarrhoea — 1. 
 Ingestorum, Lientery — 1. Intestinorum, Lien- 
 tery — 1. Scroti, Rachosis — 1. Yentriculi, Gas- 
 terasthenia. 
 
 LAX'ITY, La.r'itas, Laxness. Same etymon. 
 Condition of a tissue when loose or relaxed ; or 
 of one which wants tone. We say laxity of fibre, 
 laxity of skin, to express that those parts have 
 lost some of the tenseness proper to them. 
 
 LAYER, AXIMAL, see Tache embryonnnire — 
 ]. Mucous, see Tache embryonnaire — 1. Serous, 
 see Tache embryonnaire — 1. Vascular, see Tache 
 embryonnaire — 1. Vegetative, see Tache embryon- 
 naire. 
 
 LAYERS OF THE BLASTODERMA, see 
 Tache embryonnaire. 
 LAYMAN, see Laity. 
 
 LAZARET'TO, Lazaret, Lazar-Jiome, from 
 (I.) lazzero, 'a leper.' A solitary edifice in most 
 seaports of magnitude, intended for the disinfec- 
 tion of men and goods proceeding from places 
 where contagious diseases are prevailing. 
 LAZULITE, Lapis lazuli. 
 
 LEAD, Plumhum — 1. Black, Graphites — 1. 
 Chloride of, Plumbi chloridum — 1. Colic, see Co- 
 lica metallica — 1. Iodide of, Plumbi iodidum — 1. 
 Nitrate of, Plumbi nitras — 1. Oxyd of, semi-vitri- 
 fied, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum. 
 Lead Paralysis, see Palsy, lead. 
 Lead Poisoning, Moh/bdo'sis, Ifolyhdon'o- 
 sus. Morbus ^jZam6'e!(8, Cacochyrn'ia, plwmbea, 
 (F.) Intoxication saturnine. Morbid phenomena 
 induced by lead received into the system. 
 Lead, Red, Plumbi oxidum rubrum. 
 Lead Rheu'matism, Lead Neural' gia, ArthraV- 
 gia of M. Tanquerel. The neuralgic and spas- 
 modic pains caused by the poison of lead. 
 
 Lead, Subcaebonate of, Plumbi superacetas 
 — 1. Tannate of, see Tannin. 
 
 Lead Water, Liquor Plumbi subacetatis di- 
 lutus. 
 
 Lead, White. Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 LEADER, Te'ndon. 
 LEADWORT, Plumbago Europsea. 
 LEAF, SOUR, Andromeda arborea. 
 LEAM'INGTOX, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Saline waters at Leamington, about two miles 
 east of Warwick, England, which contain chlo- 
 ride of sodium, sulphate of soda, and chlorides 
 of calcium and magnesium. 
 LEANNESS, Emaciation, 
 LEAP, Sax. Maepan, Saltus, Salit"io, Exal- 
 sis, (F.) Saut; Bound, .Jump, — the act of leap- 
 ing. Muscular movement or movements, by which 
 the body is detached from the soil by the forcible 
 and sudden extension of the lower limbs, previ- 
 ously flexed upon the pelvis. 
 LEAPERY, Lepra. 
 
 LEAPING AGUE. This disease is said by 
 the Scotch writers to be characterized by in- 
 creased efficiency, but depraved direction, of the 
 will, producing an irresistible propensity to dance, 
 tumble, and move about in a fantastic manner, 
 and often with far more than the natural vigour, 
 activity, and precision ! See Mania, dancing. 
 
 LEATHER FLOWER, Clematis viorna— I. 
 Wood, Dirca palustris. 
 
 LEB'ANON, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 spring at Lebanon, 26 miles east of Albany, New 
 York, is a simple thermal; temperature 73° Fahr. 
 LECANE, Pelvis. 
 LECHE, Physician. 
 LECHENETON, Torcular Herophili. 
 LECHEROUS, Libidinous. 
 LECHO, Puerpera. 
 LECHOPYRA, Puerperal fever. 
 LECITHODES. Vitelline. 
 
 LECITHOS, see Ovum. 
 LE CRAN, Cochlearia armoracia. 
 LEGO. Penis. 
 
 LECONTIA VIRGINICA, Peltandra Vir- 
 ginica. 
 
 LECTISTER'NIUM, from lectus, 'a bed,' and 
 sternere, ' to spread.' The arrangement of a bed 
 so as to adapt it to a particular disease. Also, a 
 supplication, with the Romans, in times of public 
 danger, when beds or couches were spread for the 
 gods, as if they were about to feast, and their 
 images were taken down from their pedestals and 
 placed upon these couches around the altars. 
 The leotistei-nium was first introduced in the time 
 of a pestilence. — Livy. 
 
 LECTUA'LIS, from lecfw>, 'a bed.' An epi- 
 thet applied to a protracted disease. 
 
 LECTULUS MEDICATUS, see Fomentation 
 — 1. Stramineus, Fanon. 
 
 LEBE SAUVAGE, Ledum sylvestre. 
 LEDOYEN'S DISINFECTING LIQUID or 
 FLUID. A solution of nitrate of lead, (P/umb. 
 nitrat. ,^j ad aqum f^j,) used as an antiseptic ana 
 antibrotnic. 
 
 LEDUM LATIFO'LIUM, Labrador' Tea, 
 Ord. Ericaceae, grows in damp places, in Canada 
 and the United States. The leaves have a 
 pleasant odour and taste, and have been used as 
 tea. They have also been esteemed pectoral and 
 tonic. 
 
 Ledcti Palus'tre, RoKmari'nus seu Anthos 
 sylves'trie. Marsh Tea, (F.) Llde ou Rnmarin 
 saitvac/e, Olivier de Boheme. Nat. Ord. Ericinece. 
 Sex. Syst. Deeandria Monogynia. This plant 
 has a bitter, subastringent taste, and was formerly 
 used in Switzerland in place of hops : the virtues 
 are equivocal. The leaves are chewed by the 
 Cree Indians, and applied to burns, which are 
 said to heal rapidly under their influence. The 
 cake of chewed leaves is left adhering to the sore 
 until it falls oiF. — Sir J. Richardson. 
 
 LEE, Feculence, Lixivium, Ley, Lye, Urine. 
 LEECH, Hirudo, see Ectozoa, Physician. 
 LEECHCRAFT. Medicina. 
 LEEK, Allium porrum. 
 LEES, SOAP, Liquor potassse. 
 LEG, (Da. Lag,) Cms, Scelos, Oneme. The 
 portion of the lower extremity, which extends 
 from the knee to the foot. It consists of three 
 bones. Tibia, Fibula, and Patella, and also of a 
 great number of muscles, vessels, and nerves. 
 The projection, formed by the muscles at the back 
 part of the leg, has received the name of Calf of 
 the leg. It is the special attribute of man, and 
 proves that he is destined to be biped. 
 
 Leg, Swelled, Phlegmatia dolens — 1. Cochin, 
 see Elephantiasis. 
 
 LEGIT'IMATE, Legit'irnns, from lex, legis. 
 'law;' Genui'nus, Gne'sios. An epithet applied 
 to things which are according to rule. A legiti- 
 mate citild, (F.) Enfant legitime, is one conceived 
 or bom during marriage Legitimate diseases, 
 (F.) Maladies legitimes, are those which follow a 
 regular march. 
 
 LEGNA, from X^yw, \tyvov, 'a, fringed edge,' 
 'the border of a garment.' The orifice of the 
 pudendum rauliebre, or of the uterus. 
 LEGUME, Legumcn. 
 
 LEGU'MEN, from lego, ' I gather,' [?] akin to 
 'Xayaiov, 'pulse,' (F.) Legjtme, Goxsse. So called 
 because it is usually gathered by the hand, in- 
 stead of being reaped. All kinds of pulse, as 
 peas, beans, <tc., are thus termed. 
 LEGUMIN, Casein. 
 LEICHEN, Lichen. 
 
 LEIMAXTHIUM VIRGIXICUM, Melan- 
 thium Virgin i cum. 
 LEIMAX, Limax. 
 
LEIOPUS 
 
 532 
 
 LEPIDIUM 
 
 LEI'OPUS, Li'opvs, Plancus, Plautns, Plofus, 
 from "ScLo;, 'smooth,' and rrov;, 'a foot.' One who 
 is affected with fiat-footedness , splay-footedness, 
 Leu.pod'ia, Liopod'ia. One, the soles of whose 
 feet are flat, instead of having the concavity which 
 they commonly present. 
 LEIOSIS, Comminution. 
 
 LEIPH^'MIA, Liphm'min : same etymon as 
 Leiphosmos. Poverty or paucity of blood. 
 
 LEIPH^MOI. Achroi. 
 
 LEIPHiE'MOS, LiphcB'THos, (P.) Leipheme, 
 from AfiTTo), 'I want,' and 'aina, 'blood.' A word 
 sometimes used adjectively ; at others, substan- 
 tively, either for a vicious state of the blood — or 
 rather for a sort of anaemia — or for the patient 
 who labours under this condition. See Achroi. 
 
 LEIPHEME, Leiphasmos. 
 
 LEIPO, Lipo. 
 
 LEIPODERMTA. Aposthia. 
 
 LEIPODER'MOS, Lipoder'mos, Leipoderm'a- 
 iHs, from Aeittu, 'I want,' and hp^ii, 'skin.' One 
 who wants a part of his skin. It is especially 
 applied to one who wants the prepuce. See 
 Apelln. and Aposthia. 
 
 LEIPOMERIA, Lipomeria. 
 
 LEIPOPSYCHIA, Syncope. 
 
 LEIPOTHYMIA, Syncope. 
 
 LEIPYR'IAS, from Xfirci), 'I want,' and izvp, 
 'fire,' or 'heat.' A species of continued fever, 
 referred to by the Greek physicians, in which 
 there is burning heat of the internal parts and 
 coldness of the extremities. Avicenna described, 
 under this name, a kind of hemitrittea. 
 
 LEMA, Chassie. 
 
 LEME. Lippitudo. 
 
 LEMITHOCORTON, Corallina Corsieana. 
 
 LEMMA, Cortex, Eeculence, Furfur, Sedimen- 
 tum. 
 
 LEMNISCUS, Pessarv, Tent. See Laqueus. 
 
 LEMON, GROUND, Podophyllum montanum 
 — 1. Juice, see Citrus medica — 1. Juice, artificial, 
 see Citrus medica — 1. Peel, see Citrus medica — 
 1. Tree, Citrus medica. 
 
 LEsroN, Wild, Podophyllum montanum. 
 
 LExMONADE', Limona'da, (F.) Lxmonade, 
 Citronnade. Lemon juice diluted with water and 
 sweetened. See Citrus medica. 
 
 Lemonade, Dur, (F.) Limonade seclie. Citric 
 or tartaric acid reduced to powder and mixed with 
 sugar. Lemonade poicders may be made as fol- 
 lows : — Pound ^^jj of citric acid with a few drops 
 of essence of lemon-peel and ^j or more of lump 
 sugar. Divide into six papers, each of which will 
 make a glass of lemonade. See Citric acid. 
 
 Limonade Oazeuse (F.), is an agreeable drink 
 prepared by adding syrup of lemons, raspberry, 
 Ac, to water saturated with carbonic acid. 
 
 Lemonade, Magnesian, Magnesise citras. 
 
 Lemonade, Nitric. Nitric acid considerably 
 diluted with water, and sweetened. 
 
 Lemonade, sulphuric, and Lemonade, tar- 
 taric, are made with the sulphuric and tartaric 
 acids. 
 
 LEMOSITAS, CJiassie, Lippitudo. 
 
 LENDE, Lumbi. 
 
 LENDIS, Lumbi, Nates. 
 
 LENIENS, Laxative, Lenitive. 
 
 LENIS, Lenitive. 
 
 LEX'ITIVE, Leniti'vns, Lenis, Len'ieni, Epia'- 
 mn, JIfit'igans, from Jenio, lenitum, 'to assuage.' 
 A medicine, which allays irritation or palliates 
 disease ; also, a laxative medicine. A lenitive 
 electuary is one that purges gently. 
 
 LENOS, Toroular HerophVli. 
 
 LENS, Ervum lens — 1. Crystalline, Crystalline 
 — 1. Esculenta, Ervum lens. 
 
 LENTIC'ULA. Dim. of lens, lentis, 'a lentil.' 
 A freckle. Also, the eruption of lenticular fever. 
 See Ephelides. 
 
 LENTICULAR GANGLION, Ophthalmic G. 
 
 LENTICULA'RES GLAN'DUL^, Lentic'- 
 ular glands. Mucous follicles, having the shape 
 of a lentil, which are observed especially towards 
 the base of the tongue. 
 
 LENTIGO, Ephelides. 
 
 LENTIL, Ervum lens. 
 
 LENTILLE, Ervum lens—?. Crystalline, Crys- 
 talline — 1. Ers, Ervum ervilia. 
 
 LENTIS'CINUM VINIJM. Wine impreg- 
 nated with mastich; froBi Lentiscus, 'the mastich 
 tree.' 
 
 LENTISCUS VULGARIS, Pistacia lentiscus. 
 
 LENTITIA, Lentor. 
 
 LENTITIS, Pbacitis. 
 
 LENTITUDO, Lentor. 
 
 LENTOR, Lentif'ia, Lentitu'do, from lentiis, 
 'clamni3\' A viscidity or siziness of any fluid. 
 See Gluten. 
 
 LENT ROSE, Narcissus pseudona.rcissus. 
 
 LENUM. Torcular Hernphili. 
 
 LEONO'TIS LEONU'RUS. Ord. Labiatse, 
 A South African plant, which has a peculiar 
 smell and nauseous taste, and is said to produce 
 narcotic effects if incautiously used. It is em- 
 ployed in decoction in chronic cutaneous diseases. 
 The Hottentots smoke it like tobacco, and take a 
 decoction of its leaves as a strong cathartic. It 
 is also given as an emenagogue. In the eastern 
 districts of the Cape Colony, Lconotis ova'ta, 
 (Prov.) Crou-parsnej), Male, is used for the same 
 purpose. 
 
 Leonotis Otata, see Leonotis leonurus. 
 
 LEONTI'ASIS, Leon'tion, from )i£wv, Aeoito?, 
 'a lion.' A name given to lepra of the face, from 
 some fancied resemblance between the counte- 
 nance of those labouring under it and that of the 
 lion. To this kind of lepra the epithets le'oninc 
 and le'ontine have been given. 
 
 LEON'TICE THALICTROIDES, Caulophyl- 
 lum thalietro'ides. 
 
 LEONTION, Leontiasis. 
 
 LEON'TODON TARAX'ACUM, L. officina'le 
 seu vidga're, Tarax'acwn officina'le, Dens Leo'nis, 
 Hedyp'nois tarax'acnm, Urina'ria, Cnput 3/on'a- 
 chi, Dan'delion, Piss-a-bed, (Prov.) Shitahed, 
 Ptiffball, (Sc.) Dentilioun, (F.) Pissenlit, Lion- 
 dent, Dent de lion, Couronne de 3Ioine, from 
 Xjo))', Xsovrof, 'a lion,' and oiovs, oiovrog, 'a tooth.' 
 Order, Compositae. The young leaves are some- 
 times eaten as salad. The roots are, also, roasted 
 and used as a substitute for coffee. The root, 
 Tarax'acnm, (Ph. U. S.,) is, moreover, reputed 
 to be aperient and diuretic; hence its vulgar 
 names. Its efficacy is doubtful. 
 
 LEONTOPODIUM, Alchemilla. 
 
 LEONU'RUS, from \nov, 'a lion,' and oiipa, 'a 
 tail.' Lion's Tail. 
 
 Leonurus Cardi'aca, AgripaVma Gallis, Mar- 
 ru'hium, Cardi'aca crispa seu triloha'ta seu vid- 
 ga'ris, Herha cardiaea seu Pata lapi'iKs, MotJier- 
 wort, Throaticort, (F.) Agripawne. Ord. Labiatee. 
 Its properties are those of a nauseous bitter; and 
 hence it has been used in hysteria and other ner- 
 vous affections. 
 
 Leonurus Lanatus, Ballota lanata. 
 
 LEOPARD'S BANE, ROMAN, Arnica mon- 
 tana, Doronicum pardalianches. 
 
 LEPAS, Lep>is, 'Ss.-ai, gen. Astto^oj; \tizig, gen. 
 AejTi^of, 'a scale.' 
 
 LEPER, see Leprous. 
 
 Leper Hospital, Ladrerie. 
 
 LEPIA CAMPESTRIS, Thlaspi campestre— 
 1. Sativa, Lepidium Iberis. 
 
 LEPID'IUM, from XtTrij, Atn^of, 'a scale;' so 
 called from its supposed usefulness, in cleansing 
 the skin from scales and impurities. Pep2:)er-wort. 
 Ord. Cruciferse. 
 
 Lepidium Campestre, Thlaspi campestre. 
 
LEPIDODES 
 
 533 
 
 LEPTOTRICnUS 
 
 Lepid'ium Ibe'ris, Ibe'n's, Cardaman'tiea, Sci- 
 ut'iea cresses. This plant possesses a warm, 
 penetrating, pungent taste, like other cresses, 
 and is recommended as an antiscorbutic, anti- 
 septic, and stomachic. 
 
 Lepibiom Sati'vum, Lep'ia sati'va, Thlaspi 
 nastur'tium sen sati'vum, Nastur'tium horten'se 
 seu sati'vum, Garden cress, Dtttander, Green mus- 
 tard, (F.) CressoH alenois, Cresson des Jardins. 
 This plant possesses warm, stimulating proper- 
 ties, and is used like the last. 
 
 LEPiDiunr Squaiiatusi, Cochlearia coronopus. 
 
 LEPIDODES, Squamous. 
 
 LEPIDOIDES, Squamous. 
 
 LEPIDOSA RCO'MA, Tumor squamifor'mis 
 cnrno'eus. A fleshy tumour, covered with scales ; 
 from XsTTif, XeniSoi, 'a. scale,' and aapKinfia, 'a 
 fleshy tumour.' Marcus Aurelius Severinus de- 
 scribes tumours of this kind in the interior of the 
 mouth. 
 
 LEPIDOSIS, Scaly disease. 
 
 LEPIDOSIS ICHTHYIASIS, Ichthyosis—!. 
 Ichthyiasis cornigera, Horny excrescences — 1. 
 Lepriasis, Lepra — 1. Pityriasis, Pityriasis — 1. 
 Psoriasis, Psoriasis. 
 
 LEPIDOTIS CLAVATA, Lycopodium clava- 
 tum. 
 
 LEPIRA, Lepra. 
 
 LEPIS, Scale. 
 
 LEPISMA, Squamous portion. 
 
 LEPOPv,mUM LABIUM, Harelip — 1. Ros- 
 trum, Harelip. 
 
 LEPORINUS OCULUS, Lagophthalmia. 
 
 LEPOSTEOPH'YTON; from Aetis, 'a scale,' 
 oartov, 'a bone,' and <pvTov, 'a plant or growth.' 
 A thin scale of bone, the result of a morbid 
 growth. 
 
 LEPRA, Lep'ira, from \e-n-pog, 'scaly.' Lepi- 
 do'sis Lepri'asis, Lcpro'sis, Lepru'sitas, Vitili'go, 
 Lepra GrcRco'rum, Herpes farfura'cens circina'- 
 tns. Leprosy, Leap'ery, (Sc.) Lepyr, Lipper, (F.) 
 Lejire, Mai Saint-3Iain, Dartre fiirfnracee ar- 
 rondie. This term has been applied to various 
 affections, very different in character. 1. To the 
 Leprosy of the Jev;s, Leuce, I/epido'sis Lepriasis 
 canes' cens, Lepra Ifosa'ica seu ITelirao'rum, — a 
 variety of the Alphas or Lepra alphoi'des. The 
 leuce was, generally, not scaly, but consisted of 
 smooth, shining patches, on which the hair 
 turned white and silky, and the skin, with the 
 muscular flesh, lost its sensibility. It was in- 
 curable. 2. To the ElepTiantiasis or Lepra of the 
 Arabs, see Elephftntiasis ; and 3. To the Lejira 
 of the Greeks, which includes all the varieties met 
 with at the present day.- It is characterized by 
 scaly patches of different sizes, but having always 
 nearly a circular form. Ba.teman and Willan de- 
 scribe three chief varieties of this lepra. 
 
 1. Lepra alpho'i' des, Lepido'sis Lepri'asis aV- 
 hida, Alpihos, Mnrphm'a alba, Vitili'go. alphus, 
 Al'baras alba, Albarms, Albaros, Lepre ecaillense 
 of Alibert, White leprosy. An affection, charac- 
 terized by white patches, surrounded by a rose- 
 coloured areola, which appears here and there on 
 the surface; depressed in the middle. 
 
 2. Lepra ni'gricans seu melas seu maculo'sa 
 nigra, Vitili'go melas seu nigra, Iforphce'a seu 
 Al'baras nigra, 3Ielas, Lepido'sis lepri'asis ni'- 
 gricans, Black leprosy; in which the scales are 
 livid; the size of half a dollar; and diffused over 
 the body, but less widely than in the Alpho'ides. 
 The French pathologists usually admit three spe- 
 cies of lepra, to which they give the epithets scaly, 
 [squameuse,) crustaceous, (crustacee,) and tuber- 
 cular, (tuberenleuse,) according as the skin may 
 be covered with scales, crusts, or tubercles. 
 
 3. Lepra vulga'ris, Lepido' sis lepri'asis vulga'- 
 'ria, Dartre furfuracee arvondie, of Alibert, cha- 
 racterized as follows : scales glabrous, whitish, 
 
 size of a crown piece ; preceded by smaller red- 
 dish and glossy elevations of the skin, encircled 
 by a dry, red, and slightly elevated border; often 
 confluent; sometimes covering the whole of the 
 body except the face. 
 
 Lepra appears to be endemic in Egypt, in 
 Java, and certain parts of Norway and Sweden. 
 Imperfect and faulty nutriment appears to con- 
 tribute to its development. The means, best 
 adapted for its removal, are : — a mild, unirritAting 
 diet, emollient fomentations — sulphureous baths, 
 fumigations, Ac; but, often, all remedial agents 
 will be found ineffectual. 
 
 Lepra Arabum, Elephantiasis Arabica — 1. As- 
 turica, see Pellagra — 1. Borealis, Radzyge — 1. 
 Fungifera, Framboesia — 1. Gangrsenosa, Ngeren- 
 gere — 1. Groecorum, Lepra — 1. Hebrseorum, ses 
 Lepra — 1. Ichthyosis, Ichthyosis — 1. Lombardica, 
 Pellagra — 1. Maculosa nigra, L. Nigricans — 1. 
 Mediolanensis, Pellagra — 1. Melas, Lepra nigri- 
 cans — 1. Mercurial, Eczema mercuriale — 1. Mo- 
 saica, see Lepra — 1. Norvegica, Radzyge — 1. Squa- 
 mosa, Impetigo — 1. Taurica, Mai de Orimee. 
 
 LEPRE, Lepra — I. des Cossaques, Mai de 
 Orimee — I. Ecaillense, Lepra alphoides — I. Hu- 
 mide. Impetigo. 
 
 LEPREUX, Leprous. 
 
 LEPRICUS, Leprous. 
 
 LEPROSARIUM, Ladreric. 
 
 LEPROSERIE, Ladrerie. 
 
 LEPROSIS, Lepra. 
 
 LEPROSITAS, Lepra. 
 
 LEPROSUS, Leprous. 
 
 LEPROSY, Lepra — 1. Black, Lepra nigricans 
 — 1. Norwegian, see Radzyge — 1. White, Lepra 
 alphoides. 
 
 LEP'ROUS, Lepro'sns, Leprot'icus, Lep'rieus, 
 Lepro'des, (Se.) Lipper, (F.) Lepreux, Ladre, 
 same etymon. Relating to or resembling or af- 
 fected with leprosy ; a leper. 
 
 LEPSIS, Attack. 
 
 LEPTAN'DRA VIRGIN'ICA, Veroni'ca seu 
 Pmdero'ta Virgin'ica, Culver's ]}hysic. Ord. Scro- 
 phulariaceas. An indigenous plant, which grows 
 throughout the United States, and flowers in 
 August. The flowers are white, and terminate 
 the stem in a long spike. A variety with purple 
 flowers has been described, as 
 
 Leptandra Purpu'rea, Physic root. Black 
 root, Whorlywort, Culver's root, Brinton root. Bow- 
 man root. The root is bitter and nauseous, and 
 when fresh is emetic and cathartic. In the dried 
 state it is more uncertain. Dose of the powder, 
 gr. XX to ^]. 
 
 LEPTO, LEPTOS, >£7rrof, 'thin,' 'light.' 
 Hence : 
 
 LEPTOCEPHA'LIA, from )i£-Tog, ' thin, fine,' 
 and KEipaXri, 'head.' Monstrosity, in which the 
 head is abnormously small. 
 
 LEPTOCHRO'A, Leptochros, from Xcttto;, 
 'thin, fine,' and XP""' XI""-"' ' tbe colour of the 
 skin : the skin.' Fineness, thinness of skin. 
 
 LEPTOCHYM'IA, from Uirroi, 'thin,' and 
 yuM"?! 'a juice.' Morbid thinness of the juices. 
 
 LEPTOHYMB'NIA, from Atjrroj, 'thin,' and 
 'vfjiriv, ' a membrane.' Thinness, delicacy of mem- 
 brane. 
 
 LEPTOMER'IA. from XsTrros, 'thin, fine,' and 
 fjiepog, ' a part.' Fineness, delicacy of bodily for- 
 mation. 
 
 LEPTONTIQUES, Attenuants. 
 
 LEPTOPHONIA, Oxyphonia. 
 
 LEPTOSPERMUM LEUCADENDRUM, 
 Melaleuca cajaputi. 
 
 LEPTOTHRIX, Leptotrichus. 
 
 LEPTOTRICH'IA; same etymon as the next. 
 Fineness of hair. 
 
 LEPTOT'RIGHUS, Leptothrix, from Xinrog, 
 
LEPTOTROPHIA 
 
 534 
 
 LEUCORRHCEA 
 
 'fine,' and &pt^, rpixos, 'hair.' One who has fine 
 hair. 
 
 LEPTOTROPH'IA, 3Iierotroph'la, Microtra- 
 pez'ia, from XtTrros, ' light,' and T(io(pr), ' nourish- 
 ment.' Light nutrition. 
 
 LEPTYNSIS, Emaciation. 
 
 LEPTYNTICA, Attenuants. 
 
 LBPTYSMUS, Emaciation. 
 
 LEPYR, Lepra. 
 
 LEREMA, see Dementia. 
 
 LERESIS, see Dementia. 
 
 LERUS, Delirium, see Dementia. 
 
 LESEOLI MORBUS, Icterus. 
 
 LESE'OLUS. According to Paracelsus, a per- 
 fectly transparent salt, which cured jaundice : 
 hence Leseoli morhus. 
 
 LE'SION, Lcp.'sio, from ladere, IcBsiim, ' to in- 
 jure.' Derangement, disorder; any morbid 
 change, either in the exercise of functions or in 
 the texture of organs. Organic lesion is syno- 
 nymous with organic disease. 
 
 Lesion of Continuity, see Continuity, solu- 
 tion of. 
 
 LESK, Inguen. 
 
 LESSIVE, Lixivium. 
 
 LESSIVE DES SAYONNIERS, Liquor po- 
 tassae. ^Iso, a solution of caustic soda in water, 
 containing about 3 parts of soda to 8 of water. 
 
 LESSIVE BE T AUTRE, Liquor potass^ 
 Eubcarbonatis. 
 
 LETALITAS, Mortality. 
 
 LETHALIS, Lethiferous, Mortal. 
 
 LETIIALITAS, Mortality. 
 
 LETHAR'GIC, Lethar'r/icus, Veterno'siis, (F.) 
 Lithargiqiie. Relating to lethargy; affected with 
 lethargy. 
 
 LETEARGIQUE, Lethargic. 
 
 LETH'ARGrY, Lethar'gia, Lethar'gus, Cams 
 lethargus, Veter'nus, Ohliv'io iners, from ^v^ri, 
 ' oblivion,' and apyo;, ' active.' A constant state 
 of stupor from which it is almost impossible to 
 arouse the individual ; and, if aroused, he speedily 
 relapses into his former condition. 
 
 LETHEA, Papaver. 
 
 LE'THEON, from 'SnOri, ^oblivion.' A name 
 given by some to sulphuric ether, when inhaled 
 as an anaesthetic agent. 
 
 LETHIF'EROUS, Le'lhifer, Lctlia'Us, Lethif- 
 icus, 3lor'tifer, 3Iortif'erous, from \riOri, ' death,' 
 and 0£pa>, 'I bear.' Death-bearing; deadly. 
 
 LETHUM, Death, 
 
 LETTUCE, Lactuca— 1. Blue, Mulgedium acu- 
 minatum — 1. False, Mulgedium Floridanum — 1. 
 Indian, see Calumba. 
 
 Lettuce Opium, see Lactuca. 
 
 Lettuce, Strong-scented, Lactuca virosa — 1. 
 White, Nabalus albus — 1. Wild, Lactuca elongata. 
 
 LETUM, Death. 
 
 LEUCADES, see Sclerotic. 
 
 LEUC^'MIA, Leuka'min, Leuchce'wia, from 
 \iVKQg, 'white,' and 'aifia, 'blood,' (F.) Lencemie. 
 A condition of the blood in which it is deficient 
 in colouring matter. See Leucocythsemia. 
 
 LEUC^THIOPIA, see Albino. 
 
 LEUC^THIOPS, Albino. 
 
 LEUCANIA. Laucania. 
 
 LEUCANTHEMUM, Anthemis nobilis, Matri- 
 caria chamomilla — 1. Vulgare, Chrysanthemum 
 leueanthemuDj. 
 
 LEUCE, Lepra (of the Jews.) 
 . LEUCELECTRUM, Succinum (album.) 
 
 LEUCEMIE, Leucffimia. 
 
 LEUCHzEMIA, LeucEemia. 
 
 LBUCITIS. Sclerotitis. 
 
 LEUCOCYTE, see Globules of the blood. 
 
 LEUCOCYTH^'MIA, 'white cell blood,' from 
 \aiK05, 'white,' Kvrof, 'cell,' and 'aijxa, 'blood.' 
 A condition of the blood, which consists in a su- 
 
 perabundant development of the white corpuscles, 
 a disease which has been observed at times to be 
 accompanied by enlargement of the spleen and 
 liver, and at others by increased size of the lym- 
 phatic glands. See Leuceemia. 
 
 LEUCODENDRON, Melaleuca cajaputi. 
 
 LEUCCENUS, see Wine. 
 
 LEUCOIUM, Lunaria rediviva — 1. Luteum, 
 Cheiranthus cheiri. 
 
 LEUCOLACHANUM, Valeriana. 
 
 LEUCOLEIN, Leukoleinum, 
 
 LEUCO'MA, from AfuKof, 'white.' Ocido'rum 
 albu'go, Leucom'ma, Leuco'sis, Alhu'go, Al'bxda, 
 Ceratoleuco'ma, Ephel'oies. Leucoma and Al- 
 bugo are often used synonymously to denote a 
 white opacity of the cornea. Both are essentially 
 difi"erent from nebula of the cornea ; nebula being 
 usually the result of chronic ophthalmy and an 
 effusion of a milky serum into the texture of the 
 delicate continuation of the conjunctiva over the 
 cornea; — the others are the result of violent, 
 acute ophthalmia. In this state, a thick, coagu- 
 lable lymph is extravasated from the arteries, 
 sometimes superficially, at other times deeply 
 into the substance of the cornea. On other occa- 
 sions, the disease consists of a firm, callous cica- 
 trix on this membrane, — the eifect of a wound or 
 ulcer with loss of substance. The affection is 
 more difficult of cure in proportion to, its duration 
 and to the age of the individual; the activity of 
 the absorbents being greater in youth. If inflam- 
 mation still exist, antiphlogistics must be perse- 
 vered in, and, afterwards, gentle stimulants be 
 used to excite absorption ; along with the in- 
 ternal use of mercury or iodine. 
 
 Leucoma, Albumen — 1. Gerontotoxon, Gero- 
 toxon — 1. Margaritaceum, see Margaritaceus. 
 
 LEUCOMMA, Leucoma. 
 
 LEUCOMORIA, Cuttubuth. 
 
 LEUCONECRO'SIS, from UvKog, 'white,' and 
 vcKouais, ' death.' A form of dry gangrene, — the 
 opposite in appearance to anthraconecrosis. 
 
 LEUCONYMPIIiEA, Nymphsea alba. 
 
 LEUCOPATHIA, see Albino, Chlorosis— 1. 
 Partialis aequisita, Achroma. 
 
 LEUCOPHAGIUM, Blanc-manger. 
 
 LEUCOPHLEGMASIA, Leucophlegmatia— 1. 
 Dolens pucrperarum, Phlegmatia dolens. 
 
 LEUCOPHLE GMA'TIA, Lencopldegmasia, 
 Hydrops leucophlegma'tia, Tumescen'tia pitvi- 
 to'sa, from \cvkos, 'white,' and (p^eyfia, (pXzyjtaroi, 
 'phlegm.' A dropsical habit, Hydrocachex'in. 
 Some writers use the word sytionymously with 
 anasarca and oedema ; others with emphyseyna. 
 
 Leucophlegmatia ^Ethiopum, Chthonophagia. 
 
 LEUCOPIPER, Piper album. 
 
 LEUCOPYRIA, Hectic fever. 
 
 LEUCORRHEE, Leucorrhoea. 
 
 LEUCORRHCE'A, Fluxus seu Fluor midie'hris, 
 Projlu'viitm midie'bre, Citrsus matri'ci^, Fhixiis 
 matri'cis, Elytri'tis, Coleosi'tis, Co^n'tis, JDestil- 
 la'tio ii'teri, Fluxio alba seu vul'vm. Ulcus u'teri, 
 Catar'rhus genita'linm, Hysterorrhix'a muco'sa, 
 Catame'nia alba, Jlenses albi, 3Ien'striia alba, 
 3lenorrliag"ia alba, Fluor mulie'bris non Gal'li- 
 cus, Blennelyt' ria, Gonorrhoe'a benig'na noika in- 
 vetera'ta, Pnrga'tio mtilie'bris alba, Alba j^iirga- 
 men'ta, Cachex'ia uteri'na, Rheuma, u'teri, U'teri 
 Cory'za, MedorrJioe'a femina'rum insons, Bhn- 
 norrhce'a seu Blennorrhag"ia genita'linm, JEdceo- 
 blennorr'hoe'a seu lledoblennoi-rhre'a femina'rum ; 
 The whites; (F.) Fleurs ou Fluenrs blanches, 
 Pertes blanches, Ecoulement blanc, Catarrhe niS- 
 rin, Perte uterine blanche, from Aeuico?, 'white,' 
 and pfu, 'I flow.' A more or less abundant dis- 
 charge of a white, yellowish, or greenish mucus; 
 resulting from acute or chronic inflammation, or 
 from irritation of the membrane lining the genital 
 
LEUCORRHOIS 
 
 53 5 
 
 LEVATOR 
 
 organs of the female. Vag"inal Leucorrhcea tns 
 been termed Blen>wrrliosa''seu Fluor alhns vagi'- 
 ii(B, Leiicoyrhce'a, Ifedorrhoe'a vaginm, Vug'nu't\s, 
 Efi/fr'iblennni-rhce'a, Colporrhce'a. — Uterine Leu- 
 cnn-li<ea has received the names Fluor albus uteri, 
 Leucurrhoe'a seu Medorrhce'a uteri, Metrohlennor- 
 rhae'a, Blemiometri'tis, Iletrohlennoze'mia, Bletro- 
 ccitar'rhus, BfetroleucorrJice' a, (F.) LeucorrJiee ute- 
 rine, CutarrJie uterin. It is often attended -with 
 pain and a sense of heaviness in the loins, abdo- 
 men and thighs ; disordered digestive functions, 
 kc, so that, at times, the health suffers largely, 
 although there are few females who are not occa- 
 sionally subject to moderate leucorrhcea. Atten- 
 tion to the general health, change of air, keep- 
 ing up a perspirable state of the surface by 
 flannel worn next the skin, the horizontal posture, 
 Ac, do more than pharmaceutical agents ; which 
 are almost entirely confined to astringent injec- 
 tions. These may be emploj'ed, when the dis- 
 charge is so great as to require them. 
 
 Leucorrhcea Analis, see Hasmorrhois — 1. 
 Nabothi, see Parturition. 
 
 LEUCORRHOIS, see Htemorrhois. 
 LEUCO'SES; from XtvKog, 'white.' In the 
 nosology of M. Alibert, all the diseases of the 
 lymphatic apparatus. The 7th family in his No- 
 sologie. In that of Fuchs, it is a family of dis- 
 eases, (G.) Leukosen, which includes the va- 
 rious forms of ansemia. 
 
 Leucosis, Leucoma, Paleness. See Albino. 
 LEITK or LOCCHE, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Saline, chalybeate waters, about six leagues 
 distant from Sion. They contain chloride of so- 
 dium, with a little sulphate of magnesia; sul- 
 phate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, carbonic 
 acid, and protoxide of iron. 
 LEITK.EMIA, Leuea;mia. 
 
 LEUKOLEIN'UM, ChinoJein'um, LevUl, 
 Leu'coleine, Leu'colein, Chi'nnleiv, Chi'nnlin. 
 This substance is the product of the dry distilla- 
 tion of coal : mixed with picolin, anilin and other 
 substances, in mineral tar. It is procured, also, 
 by heating qninia, cincJionia and strychiria, with 
 as concentrated a ley of potassa as can be made. 
 Its specific gravity is l.OSl : and it is slightly 
 soluble in water, and miscible in all proportions 
 with alcohol, ether and essential oils. 
 LEVAIN. Ferment. 
 LEVATOR, Elevator. 
 
 Leva'tor An'guli Oris, Ahdn'cens lahio'r^im, 
 Eleva'tor labiornm commu'ni^, Cnni'iitis, (F.) 
 Siis maxillo-lahial, Petit stts-mnxillo-la^i'al (Ch.). 
 Muscle can in. A small, flat, long, qt^ddrilateral 
 muscle, which arises from the fossa eanina, and 
 is inserted at the commissure of the lips, where 
 it is confounded with the triangularis. It raises 
 the corner of the mouth, and draws it towards 
 the ear. 
 
 Levator Ani, Levator magnus seu iiitervus, 
 Latus ani, Eleva'tor ani, Sedem attol'lens, (F.) 
 Pubio-cocct/gien annidaire, Sous pubio-cocci/gien 
 (Cb.), Eeleveur de I'anns. A muscle, situate at 
 the lower part of the pelvis. It is broad, flat, 
 quadrilnteral, and broader above than below. It 
 represents a kind of membranous partition, which 
 closes the outlet of the pelvis, and the upper 
 concavity of which is opposed to that of the dia- 
 pjhragm. It is attached, above, to the posterior 
 surface of the body of the pubis, to the upper 
 part of the obdurator foramen, and to the spine 
 of the ischium; and is inserted into the coccyx, 
 into an aponeurotic line common to it and its 
 fellow, and into the lateral parts of the rectum. 
 This muscle supports the rectum; raises it, and 
 carries it upwards during the evacuation of the 
 excrement. It can, also, compress the bladder 
 and vesiculae seminales, and thus favour the ex- 
 pulsion of the urine and sperm. 
 
 Levator Asi Parvus, Transversus perinaji — 
 1. Auris, Attollens aurem — 1. Coccygis, Cocey- 
 geus. 
 
 Levator GLAx'DULiE Thyeoide^. A muscle 
 occasionally found connected with the upper bor- 
 der or isthmus of the thyroid gland: and attached 
 superiorly to the body of the os hyoides, or to the 
 thyroid cartilage. 
 
 Levator Menti, Levator labii inferioris — I. 
 Oculi, Rectus superior oculi — 1. Proprius sca- 
 pulae, L. scapulse. 
 
 Levator Labii Ixferio'ris, i. me?i<)', Elevator 
 labii in/erio'ris seu labii inferioris pro'prins, Inci- 
 si'vus infe'rior, 3Ius' cuius penicilla'tus, ( ^.)Hoiip>pe 
 du menton, Eeleveur de la levre i^iferieur on du nif'A- 
 ton. A portion of the mento-labial of Chaussier. 
 A small muscle situate before the sj'mphysis 
 menti. It is thick, conical ; and attached by its 
 apex to a fossette at the side of the sj'mphysis 
 in the inferior maxillary bone. Its fibres pro- 
 ceed diverging and vanishing in the manner of a 
 tuft, (F.) Houppe, on the skin of the chin. This 
 muscle raises the chin, and pushes upwards the 
 lower lip. 
 
 Levator Labii Superio'ris Aljeque Nasi, 
 Ineisi'vus latera'lis et pi/raniida'lis, (F.) Grand 
 sus-mascillo-labial (Ch.), Elevateur commun de 
 I'aile dit nez et de la levre siq^irieure. This mus- 
 cle is a fleshy, thin, triangular bundle, situate at 
 the sides of the nose. It arises from the ascend- 
 ing process of the superior maxillary bone: thence 
 its fibres descend in a diverging manner, a part 
 being inserted into the ala of the nose, and a part 
 losing themselves in the upper lip. This muscle 
 raises the upper lip and ala nasi, which it draws 
 a little outwards. 
 
 Levator Labii Superioris Propp.ius, il/ns'- 
 ciilus ineisi'vus, Elevator labii superioris pyro- 
 priuB, (F.) Moyen sns-maxillo-labial, (Ch.), Or- 
 bito-maxillo-labial. This thin, flat, quadrilateral 
 muscle is situate at the middle and inner part of 
 the face. It arises from the os malaj and the os 
 maxillare superius, and is inserted into the upper 
 lip, which it raises, at the same time carrying it 
 a little outwards. 
 
 Levator Pala'ti, L. Palati Mollis, Petro- 
 scdpin' go-staphyli'mis, Salpin'go-stapJryli'niis in- 
 ter' nus, Salpjirigo-stajyliyliiiiis, Pter'ygo-stapihyli- 
 mis externus, Spli eno-stapliylinus, Spheno-palati'- 
 rius, PeristapJiyliuKs intcrnus superior, Petro-sta- 
 phylin, (Ch.). This muscle is long, narrow, and 
 almost round above; broader and flatter infe- 
 riorly. It arises from the lower surface of the 
 pars petrosa; from the cartilage of the Eusta- 
 chian-tube; and is inserted into the substance of 
 the velum palati. Its use is to raise the velum 
 palati. 
 
 Levator Pal'pebr^ Superio'ris, Palpehrcs 
 superioris ptrimiis, Apertor Oc'xdi, Ape'rieus Pal- 
 pehra'runi rectus, Reclu'sor palp)ebra'rvm, (F.) 
 Oj'hito -palpebral (Ch.), Orhito -sus-palj^ebrtd, 
 Elevateur de la paupiere supei-ieure. A long, 
 small, thin muscle, situate at the upper part of 
 the orbitar cavity. By its posterior extremity it 
 is inserted into the little ala of the sphenoid bone, 
 immediately in front of the foramen opticum, and, 
 by its anterior extremity, which is expanded, it 
 terminates at the upper margin of the tarsal car- 
 tilage of the eyelid. This muscle raises the 
 upper eyelid, draws it backwards, and sinks it 
 into the orbit. 
 
 Levator Pnos'TATiE, (F.) Eeleveur de la pros- 
 tate. Santorini has given this name to the ante- 
 rior fibres of the levator ani, which emhrace the 
 prostate. 
 
 Levator Scap'dl.e, Eleva'tor scapulm, E. seu 
 Mus'cidus Patieii'ticB, Angula'ris, Levator pro' pri- 
 us scapnlcB, — (F.) Traclielo-scapulaire (Ch.), An- 
 gidaire de Vomopdate, Eeleveur de I'omopilate. 
 
LEVATORES COSTARUM 
 
 saG 
 
 LICHEN 
 
 This muscle is so called, because it is attached 
 to the upper and internal angle of the scapula. 
 It is situate at the posterior and lateral part of 
 the neck, and at the upper part of the back. It 
 is long, flat, and broader above than below. In 
 this latter direction, it is inserted into the supe- 
 rior internal angle of the scapula; and, in the 
 former, into the tops of the transverse processes 
 uf the first four cervical vertebree. It depresses 
 the prominence of the shoulder, by raising the 
 posterior angle of the scapula, on which it im- 
 presses a kind of rotary motion. It can, also, 
 draw the head to one side. 
 
 Levator Ure'thRjE, (F.) lielevenr de I'Ure- 
 thre. Santorini describes under this name a 
 jiortiou of the transversus perincei muscle. 
 LEVATORES COSTARUM, Supracostales. 
 LEVE^^, Ferment. 
 
 LEVER, from levare, 'to lift up.' Vectis, 
 Mochlus, Porrec'tum. An inflexible rod, turning 
 round a fixed point, and used for moving bodies, 
 bearing burdens, or raising them. The point on 
 which the lever moves is called the Fidcrinn, Hy- 
 pomocTi'Uon. The force which moves the lever 
 is called the poioer ; and the weight to be moved, 
 the resistance. There are three kinds of levers. 
 A lever of the first kind has the fulcrnm between 
 the power and resistance. A lever of the second 
 Icind has the resistance between the fulcrum and 
 power; whilst a lever of the third kind has the 
 power between the fulcrum and resistance. In 
 the locomotive system of the human body, we 
 have examples of all the three kinds. The bones 
 represent levers; the muscles of locomotion are 
 jjowers ; the weight of parts to be moved con- 
 stitutes the resistance. The fidcrc(, are, at times, 
 the joints; at others, the ground, &c. The head 
 moves on the neck, as a lever of the first kind; 
 the first cervical vertebra forming the fulcrum. 
 We rise on tiptoe by a lever of the second kind, 
 the fulcrum being the ground under the toes; 
 and we have examples of a lever of the third 
 kind in the flexion of the fore-arm on the arm, in 
 the elevation of the arm, &c. 
 
 Lever, Hystero-moeh'lium, 3Iochlis' cus, Vectis 
 obstetric' ius, Vectis, (F.) Levier, is an instrument 
 curved at the extremity, and having a fenestra. 
 It is used to assist the extraction of the child's 
 head, when instrumental aid is necessary. Le- 
 vers are, also, used by the dentist for extracting 
 stumps, &c. The Levier de VEcluse, Langue de 
 Curpe, TriveUn or Punch, is employed for ex- 
 tracting the molar teeth. 
 
 LEVI'ATHAN PENIS, Pria'pns Ceti, Bale'- 
 nas. The penis of the whale. This singular me- 
 dicine was, at one time, given in powder, in 
 cases of dysentery and leueorrhoea. 
 
 LEVTER, Lever — I. de VEcluse, see Lever. 
 
 LEVIGA'TION, Lceviga'tio, from Icsvic/are, 
 IcBviga'tum, {IcBvis, 'smooth,') 'to polish.' Poi-- 
 'phyrizu'tion. An operation, by which bodies are 
 reduced to very fine powder. It is performed by 
 putting substances, already pulverized, into water; 
 the coarser parts are not long in being deposited, 
 whilst the finer molecules remain suspended in 
 the water. The liquor is decanted into another 
 vessel, and suflFered to remain at rest, until the 
 fine particles are collected at the bottom. The 
 fluid part is then separated by decantation. 
 
 LEVISTICUM, Ligusticum levistioum. 
 
 LEVEE, Lip. 
 
 LEVRES GR ANDES, Labia pudendi— ?. Pe- 
 iitcs, Nvmphaj — I. de la Vulve, Labia pudendi. 
 
 LEVURE, Test—?, de la Bihe, Yest. 
 
 LEXIPHARMACUS. Alexipharmic. 
 
 LEXIPYRETICUS, Febrifuge. 
 
 LEY, Lixivium, Lye — 1. Soap, Liquor potassas. 
 
 LEYS'SERA GNAPIIALOI'DES. A South 
 
 African plant, Nat. Ord. Composita?, which is 
 emollient, and highly recommended at the Cape, 
 in catarrh, cough, and even in phthisis. 
 LEZARB, Lizard. 
 
 LIAN A EEGLISSE, Abrus precatorius. 
 LIA'TRIS SPICA'TA, Gayfeather, Button 
 snal-eroot. Ord. Compositas. An indigenous 
 plant, growing in meadows and moist grounds in 
 the Middle and Southern States. Its beautiful 
 purple compound flowers are in a spike. They 
 appear in August. The root has been considered 
 diuretic. 
 
 Lia'tris Scario'sa and L. Squarro'sa, 
 Throaticort, Sow-iBort, Backache root, Devilshitc, 
 Blazing star, Prairie pines, Rough root, are 
 called from their reputed powers in bites from 
 the rattlesnake. Rattlesnake' s master. The roots, 
 bruised, are applied to the wound, and the decoc- 
 tion, in milk, is given internally. 
 
 LIBANOTIS ANNUA, Athamanta cretensis 
 — 1. Coronaria, Rosmarinus — 1. Cretensis, Atha- 
 manta cretensis — 1. Hirsuta, Athamanta cretensis. 
 LIBANOTUS, see Juniperus lycia. 
 LIBANUS, Juniperus lycia. 
 LIBER PHARMACEIFTICUS, Dispensato- 
 rium. 
 
 LIBIDINIS SEDES, Clitoris. 
 LIBIDINOSUS, Libidinous. 
 LIBID'INOUS, Lihidino'sus, Lasci'vus, Ve- 
 neriv'agus ; from libido, ' lust,' Lech'erous, Lick'- 
 orous. Lewd; lustful. 
 
 LIBI'DO. Desire,necessity. Authors speak 
 of Libido uri'nee, Libido intesti'ni. Some em- 
 ploy it synonymously with Prurigo; others, with 
 Salac"itas, Lubi'do, Hi'meros. 
 
 LIBOS, from Xufioi, 'to drop.' A deflusion 
 from the eyes. — Galen. 
 LIBRA, Pound. 
 
 LICIIANOS, Index, see Digitus. 
 LICHE, Body. 
 
 LICHEN, \uxvi' or "i^ixw, (pronounced li'ken,) 
 Exor'mia Lichen, Leichen, Serpi'go, Volat'ica, 
 Pceji'ulcB, P. sicccB, Peti'go, Pustulm sicccB, Sca'- 
 bies sicca seu a'gria, Licheni'asis adulto'rnm, 
 Li'chenousrash, (F.) Gale seche. Dartre fnrfuracee 
 rolante, Ponssee. The cutaneous affection de- 
 scribed under this name by the Greek writers, is 
 not clearly defined. Some have believed it to he 
 Impetigo, but this is doubtful. The name is, now, 
 generally applied to a diffuse eruption of red 
 pimples, accompanied by a troublesome sense of 
 tingling or pricking. Drs. Willan and Bateman 
 define it, — "an extensive eruption of papulse 
 aifceting adults, connected with internal disor- 
 der, usually terminating in scurf; recurrent, not 
 contagious." One of their varieties, however, 
 the Lichen Tropicus, does not accord well with 
 this definition; for it afi'ects children as well as- 
 adults, and is unconnected with internal dis- 
 order. 
 
 LiCHEJf A'grius, L. A'gria, Exor'min Lichen 
 ferns, Lichen ferus, Pap'tdu a'gria. Wild Lichen, 
 is distinguished by pimples in clusters or patches, 
 surrounded by a red halo; the cuticle growing 
 gradually harsh, thickened, and chappy, often 
 preceded by general irritation. In addition to 
 antiphlogistics, a cooling ointment may be used, 
 to allay itching. 
 
 Lichen Barbattjs Plicatus, L. plicatus. 
 Lichen Circdhscrip'tus is characterized by 
 clusters or patches of papula, having a well de- 
 fined margin, and an irregularly circular form: 
 continuing for six or eight weeks. These varieties 
 require but little medical treatment. The anti- 
 phlogistic plan is all that is necessary. 
 Lichen Ferus, Lichen agrius. 
 Lichen Lit'idus. The papulae have a dark 
 red or livid hue, without any fever. They are 
 
LICHEN PILARIS 
 
 537 
 
 LIENTERY 
 
 more permanent in this variety. It requires the 
 mineral acids and bark. 
 
 Lichen Pila'ris, Exor'mia Lichen pilaris, is 
 merely a modification of the preceding; the pa- 
 pulse appearing at the roots of the hair. 
 
 Lichen Simplex, Exor'mia Lichen simjilex, 
 consists of an eruption of red papulse, appearing 
 first on the face or arms, and afterwards extend- 
 ing over the body; preceded for a few days by 
 slight febrile irritation, which usually ceases when 
 the eruption appears, — with an unpleasant sense 
 of tingling during the night. It generally dies 
 away in ten days or a fortnight. 
 
 Lichen Trop'icus, Exormia Lichen trnpicns, 
 Eczes'ma, Es'sera [f], Sudam'ina [.?], Pricldy 
 Heat, Summer Mash. The pimples are bright 
 red, and of the size of a small pin's head ; with 
 heat, itching, and pricking, as if by needles. It 
 is local; produced by excessive heat; and disap- 
 pears when the weather becomes cooler, or the 
 individual is inured to the climate. 
 
 Lichen Urtica'tus, L. Urtico'sus, Exor'mia 
 Lichen urtico'sus, is another variety. The Nettle 
 Lichen consists of papulae, accompanied by 
 wheals like those of nettle rash. A variety of 
 this is said to be called, in America, blights. 
 Lichen, Wild, Lichen agrius. 
 Lichen Aphthosus, Pelti'den aphtho'sa; Ord. 
 LichenaceEe ; is said to be cathartic and anthel- 
 mintic. 
 
 Lichen Arborum, Lichen pulmonarius — 1. 
 Barbatus plicatus, Lichen plicatus — I. Blanc de 
 Neicje, L. caninus — I. Boitier, L. pyxidatus. 
 
 Lichen Caninus seu spu'rius seu terres'- 
 tris seu veno'sus seu ciner'eas terres'tris, 3Iuscus 
 cani'nns, Phys'cia niva'lis, Pelti<j"era cani'na, 
 Pelti'dea cani'na seu leucorrhi'za seu mala'eea 
 seu amplis' sima seu spu'ria. Ash-coloured Ground 
 Liverwort, (F.) Lichen contre-rarje. Lichen hlanc 
 de neige. This cryptogamous plant was, for a 
 long time, considered capable of preventing and 
 curing Babies canina. It has, also, been used in 
 mania and in spasmodic asthma. 
 
 Lichen Cinbreus Terrestris, L. caninus — 1. 
 Carrageen, Fucus crispus — 1. Cocciferus. L. pyxi- 
 datus — I. contre Page, L. caninus — I. Entonnoir, 
 L. pj'xidatus — -1. Eryngifolius, L. islandieus — 1. 
 Floridus hirtus, L. plicatus — 1. Hirtus, L. pli- 
 catus. 
 
 Lichen Islan'diccs, L. erijngifo'Uus, Liche- 
 no'i'des Island' icum, Loba'ria Islan'dica, Muscns 
 Islandieus seu cathar'ticus, Clado'nia seu Phi/s'- 
 cia seu Cetra'ria seu Parme'lla Islan'dica, Ice- 
 land Lichen or Liverwort or IIoss, (F.) Lichen 
 d'Islande, Mousse marine perlee, 3rousse d'Islande. 
 This plant is inodorous, with a bitter and muci- 
 laginous taste. It is esteemed to bo tonic, demul- 
 cent, and nutrient. Dose, ^j to ^iv, being first 
 steeped in water holding in solution some car- 
 bonate of potassa to extract the bitter, and then 
 boiled in milk. A bitter principle has been ex- 
 tracted from it, termed Oetrarin, Getrari'num, 
 Cetra'rium, which has been given in interraittents. 
 ' Lichen Laciniatos, L. saxatilis — 1. Parietinus, 
 Parmelia parietina. 
 
 Lichen Plica'tus, L. hirtus seu barbn'tus pli- 
 cn'tus seu Floridus hirtus, Parme'lia plica'ta, Us- 
 ne'a plica'ta, U. Flor'ida hirta seu hirta, Muscus 
 arbo'reus seu albus seu quernus, Querci'ni Herba. 
 This plant is applied, by the Laplanders, as an 
 astringent, to bleeding vessels ; and to parts 
 which are excoriated after long journeys. 
 
 Lichen PrjLJroNA'Rius, L. ar'bomm seu reti- 
 eula'tus, Parme'lia pulmona'cea, Reticida'ria offi- 
 cina'lis, Muscus pulmonarius qu6rci'nus, Pulmona'- 
 ria arbo'rea, Loba'ria pnlmonaria, Sticta pulmo- 
 na'cea. Oak Lungs, Tree Lungwort, Hazel Crot- 
 tleg, Hazelraw, (P.) Lichen pulmonaire, Pnlmo- 
 naire en arbre ou de chine. This plant is sub- I 
 
 astringent, and rather acid. It was once in high 
 repute for curing diseases of the lungs. 
 
 Lichen Pyxida'tus, Muscus Pyxida'tus, Scy- 
 phoph'orus pyxida'tus, 3Ius'culus 2)yxoi'des ter- 
 res'tris, Lichen pyxida'tus major seu cocciferus, 
 Herha Ignis, Cup Moss, (F.) Lichen entonnoir. 
 Lichen Boitier, L. Pyxide. This plant is sub- 
 astringent, and has been used in decoction in 
 hooping-cough. 
 
 Lichen Rbticdlatu.'!, L. pulmonarius. 
 Lichen Roccel'la, Parme'lia roccel'la, Roc- 
 cella, li. tincto'ria, Seta'ria roccella. Litmus, 
 Lacmus, L. tincto'rius, Orehill, Cuna'ry Archell, 
 Ohinney Weed, Herb Archell, (F.) Orseille. The 
 chief use of this plant is as a blue dye. It has 
 been employed to allay cough in phthisis, &c. 
 
 Lichen Saxat'ilis, L. tincto'rius seu laciniu'- 
 tus, Parme'lia saxat'ilis, Imbrica'ria saxat'ilis, 
 Loba'ria saxat'ilis, Muscics Cra'nii huina'ni, Us- 
 ne'a. This moss, when found growing on a human 
 skull, was formerly in high estimation against 
 head affections, <&c. 
 
 Lichen Spurius, L. caninus — 1. Stellatus, 
 Marchantia polymorph a — 1. Tinotorius, L. Saxa- 
 tilis — 1. Wall, yellow, Parmelia parietina. 
 
 LICHENIASLS ADULTORUM, Lichen — 1, 
 Strophulus, Strophulus. 
 
 LICHENOIDES ISLANDICUM, Lichen Is- 
 landieus. 
 
 LICKOROUS, Libidinous. 
 LICINIUM, Tent. 
 LICORICE, Glycyrrhiza. 
 LICULMEN, Garum. 
 
 LIEB'ENSTEIN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These waters, situated in the duchy of Saxe-Mei 
 ningen, are amongst the strongest acidulous cha- 
 lybeates in Germany. They contain sulphate of 
 soda, chloride of sodium, sulphate of lime, chlo- 
 ride of calcium, carbonate of lime, chloride of 
 magnesium, and carbonate of iron. 
 
 LIEBERKPHN'S GLANDS or FOLLICLES, 
 Glan'didce seu Crypta Lieberkiihnia'ncB, so called 
 from their first describer, are fine, capillary, blind 
 sacs, the openings of which are. from l-20th to 
 l-.30th of a line in diameter, so closely placed 
 over the whole of the small intestine as to give 
 the mucous membrane a general sieve-like or 
 perforated appearance. They secrete the succus 
 entericus. 
 
 LIEBERSCHE AUSZEHRUNG'S KRAU- 
 TER, see Galeopsis grandiflora — 1. Brust- 
 krauter, see Galeopsis grandiflora. 
 
 LIEBWERDA, mineral WATERS OF. 
 Liebwerda is a Bohemian village, near the Sile- 
 sian frontier. The springs are much frequented. 
 There are four, all of which are rich in carbonic 
 acid, and contain but little saline matter. 
 LIEGE, Suber. 
 
 LIEN {^.), Vin'culum. A band, strap or gar- 
 ter, used in certain operations; as to tie patients 
 during the operation of lithotomy ; to fix the ap- 
 paratus in fracture, &c. Also, the spleen. 
 
 LIEN ACCESSORIUS, Lienculus— 1. Ingens, 
 Splenoncus — 1. Succenturiatus, Lienculus. 
 
 LIEN'CULUS, diminutive of lieu, 'spleen,' 
 Lien succenturia'tus seu accesso'rius. A super- 
 numerarv spleen. 
 
 LIENITIS, Splenitis. 
 LIENOSUS, Splenic. 
 
 LI'ENTERY, Lienter'ia, from \itog, 'smooth,' 
 'slippery,' and EiTtpov, 'intestine' Lm'vilas seu 
 Lax'itas intestino'rum, Diarrhoe'a lienter'ia, 
 Fluxus Lienter'icus, Chymorrhce'a seu Lax'itas 
 ingesto'rum, Bromatoeo' crisis, Diarrhoe' a Dyspep'- 
 tica seu cum Apepsid seu Ingesto'rum, Slip'pieri- 
 ness of the Guts. Frequent liquid evacuations, 
 the food only half digested. This condition is 
 always symptomatic of great irritation in thfl 
 
LIERRE 
 
 538 
 
 LIGAMENT 
 
 intestinal canal, the sensibility of which is so 
 much augmented that it cannot bear the sojourn 
 of the food in it. 
 
 LIERRE, Hedera helix—/. Grimjiant, Hedera 
 Ijelix — I. Terreatre, Glechoma hederacea. 
 
 LIFE, Sax. lip, lyp, Vita, Bios, Bi'ote, Bi'otos, 
 Zoe, Piieuma, Spir'itus, (F.) Vie. The state of 
 organized beings, during which, owing to the 
 union of an unknown force with matter, they 
 are capable of performing functions different 
 from those that regulate other natural bodies ; all 
 of which functions, however numerous and diver- 
 ?ified, work to one end. Life has only a limited 
 duration ; beyond which, — the organic functions 
 ceasing to be executed, — the body is given up to 
 the agency of chemical affinity. Hence Bichat 
 has defined life to be — the aggregate of the func- 
 tions ichich resist death. On account of the dif- 
 ference that exists among the vital functions, he 
 applied the term Organic Life to the functions 
 inservient to composition and decomposition ; — 
 as digestion, respiration, circulation, calorifica- 
 tion, absorption, secretion, and nutrition ; and 
 Animal Life, to the functions which connect man 
 and animals with external bodies ; as the under- 
 standing, sensations, locomotion and voice. 
 
 Life-Blood. a term, commonly used for a 
 twitching or quivering of the eyelids— a kind of 
 involuntary or muscular tic. See Cillo. 
 Life, Duration of, see Longevity. 
 Life Everlasting, Gnaphalium margarita- 
 ceum — 1. Everlasting, plantain, Antennaria plan- 
 taginifolia — 1. Everlasting, sweet-scented, Gna- 
 phalium polycephalum. 
 
 Life, Expectation of, see Longevity. 
 Life-Insu'rance. a contract entered into, 
 usually by an insurance company, to pay a cer- 
 tain sum of money on a person's death, on the 
 condition of his paying an annual premium 
 during his life. The medical practitioner may 
 be applied to to certify that the life of the insured 
 is one that is insurable according to the rules of 
 the company. 
 
 Life Root, Senecio aureus. 
 Life, Value of, see Longevity, and Mortality. 
 Life's Blood, Life-blood, Cillo. 
 LIG'AMENT, Ligamen'tum ; from ligare, Uga- 
 tum, 'to bind;' Desmos, Syndes'mos, Culliga'men, 
 Cop'ida. A name given to fibrous structures, 
 which serve to unite bones, and to form articula- 
 tions; hence the division into interosseous and 
 articular ligaments. They are of a white, close 
 texture; are but little extensible, and difficult to 
 break. The name ligament has, also, been given 
 to any membranous fold, which retains an organ 
 In its situation. 
 
 Table op the Principal Ligaments. 
 
 (Capsular ligament. 
 Suspensory ligament of the 
 stylo-glossusf 
 Lateral ligament. 
 Two capsular ligaments between 
 
 atlas and head. 
 Circular ligament. 
 Two capsular between atlas and 
 axis, 
 "j Perpendicular ligament. 
 Two lateral or moderator liga- 
 ments. 
 Transverse ligament and its ap- 
 pendices. 
 Anterior common. 
 Crucial intervertebral. 
 Ligaments running from the 
 edge of the bony arch and spi- 
 nous process of one vertebra 
 to that of the next. 
 I Tnterspinous ligament. 
 I Ligamentum nuchse. 
 I Intertransverse. 
 I Capsular. 
 [Posterior or internal common. 
 
 Connecting the 
 Head with the first 
 and second Verfe- 
 hra, and these with 
 each other. 
 
 8. Of Hie other Verte- 
 hrce. 
 
 4. Of the Bibs, Ster-i 
 num. (£c. 1 
 
 f Capsular of the head of ribs. 
 
 Capsular of the tubercles. 
 
 Ligamenta transversaria in 
 terna. 
 
 Ligamenta transversaria ex- 
 terna. 
 
 Ligamenta cervicis costarum 
 externa. 
 
 Ligamentous fibres running 
 ifrom the margins of tlie ex- 
 tremities of the ribs to the 
 corresponding cartilages. 
 
 Radiated ligaments from carti- 
 lage of ribs to the sternum. 
 
 Capsular ligaments of the carti- 
 lages of the ribs. 
 
 Proper membrane of sternum. 
 
 L. of cartilago-ensiformis. 
 
 Tendinous expansions over the 
 intercostales, &o. 
 
 Two transverse, — one superior, 
 one inferior. 
 
 Ilio-sacral. 
 
 Capsular of the sacro-iliac syn- 
 chondrosis. 
 
 Two sacro-ischiatic, — posterior 
 and anterior, with the superior 
 and inferior appendices. 
 
 Longitudinal of os coccygis. 
 
 Inguinal ligament. 
 
 Capsular of symphysis pubis. 
 
 Ligament of foramen thyroi- 
 deum. 
 
 f Radiated ligament. 
 I Capsular. 
 Interclavicular. 
 
 6. Of the Clavicle \ Ligamentum rhomhoideum. 
 
 I Clayiculo-acromial. 
 I Conoid. 
 |_ Trapezoid. 
 
 1. Of the scapula {^^SS!^- 
 
 5. Of the Pelvis.. 
 
 8. Of the f'OJ^Wer-l Capsular. 
 
 9. Of the Elbow-Joint. 
 
 I 
 
 { Capsular. 
 
 I Bracbio-ulnar. 
 
 I Brachio-radial. 
 
 I Coronary of the radius. 
 
 I Anterior and posterior 8X!ce8- 
 
 I sory. 
 
 I Intermuscular of the os hu- 
 
 |_ meri. 
 
 10. Carpal iJx^remjY)/ ("Interosseous ligament. 
 
 of Radius andVlna.) Oblique or chorda transversalis 
 and. between those'] cubiti. 
 bones. [Capsular. 
 
 H, T, J TT f Capsular. 
 
 11. Between Fore-arm) ^^f^ 
 
 and Wrist. 
 
 lateral. 
 (Mucous. 
 
 C Annular. 
 Capsular. 
 
 12. Of the Carpus \ Short ligaments, — oblique, 
 
 I transverse, capsular, and 
 |_ proper. 
 
 13. Between Carpan^^^^^^^^^.^^^^^^^_ 
 
 Tones '"'^'' J Straight, perpendicular, &c. 
 
 14. Between the extre- ("Interosseous, at the bases and 
 mities of the Jleta--} heads, — dorsal, lateral, pal- 
 carpal bones. (. mar. 
 
 15. At the base of the'] 
 
 Metacarpal bone o/ I Capsular. 
 
 tte Jtomfc, ami a« K a^teraL 
 the first joiiit oj the \ 
 
 Fingers. J 
 
 16. Of the first and'] 
 second joints of the capsular. 
 
 b, and second} rj^r^^ 
 
 Thumb, 
 
 and third joints of j 
 
 the Fingers. 
 
 17. Retaining the 
 Tendons of the 
 
 ' Annular. 
 
 Vaginal or flexor tendons. 
 Yaginal or crucial of the pha- 
 langeo. 
 
 Musdesof the Sand \ Accessory of the flexor teu- 
 
 and 
 situ. 
 
 Fingers in 
 
 dons. 
 Posterior annular. 
 Vaginal of extensors. 
 Transverse of extensors. 
 
LIGAMENT 
 
 539 
 
 LIGHT 
 
 19. Of the Kneer Joint 
 
 20. Omnecting Fibula 
 and Tibia. 
 
 21, Connecting 
 Tarsal with 
 Leg Bones. 
 
 f Capsular and accessory slips. 
 18. Connecting the Os I Round or teres ligament. 
 Femoris ttrith the Os\ Cartilaginous ligament. 
 innmninatum. Double cartilaginous ligament. 
 
 [Ligamenta mucosa. 
 C Lateral, — internal and exter- 
 nal. 
 
 External short lateral ligar 
 ment. 
 
 Posterior ligament. 
 
 Ligament of the patella. 
 
 Capsular. 
 
 Ligamentupi alare, — majus et 
 minus. 
 
 Ligamentum mucosura. 
 
 Two crucial, — anterior and pos- 
 terior. ■ 
 
 Transverse. 
 'Capsular. 
 
 Interosseous. 
 
 Anterior superior. 
 
 Posterior superior. 
 ' Anterior ligament of the fibula. 
 
 Posterior of iibula. 
 
 Deltoides of tibia. 
 
 Capsular, 
 f Capsular. 
 
 Short ligaments. 
 
 Capsular, broad superior, and 
 latei-al ligaments, connecting 
 asti'agalus and naviculare. 
 
 Superior, lateral, and inferior, 
 fixing OS calcis to os cuboides. 
 
 Long, oblique, and rliomboid, 
 forming the inferior liga- 
 ments. 
 
 Superior superficial, interosse- 
 ous and inferior transverse 
 ligaments, fixing the os navi- 
 culare and OS cuboides. 
 
 Superior lateral, and plantar, 
 which fix the os naviculare 
 and cuneiform. 
 
 Superior superficial and plan- 
 tar, connecting the os cu- 
 boides, and OS cuneiforme ex- 
 ternum. 
 
 Dorsal and plantar, uniting the 
 ossa cuneiformia. 
 
 The proper capsular of each 
 bone. 
 
 23. Beiiveen TarsMs f ?^P™^'^''- 
 
 22. Of the Tarsus.. 
 
 and Metatarsus. 
 
 Dorsal, plantar, lateral, straight, 
 ( oblique, and transverse. 
 
 (Dorsal, plantar, and lateral, 
 connecting the metatarsal 
 bones. 
 Transverse ligaments. 
 25.' Of the Phalanges f Capsular. 
 of the Toes. ( Lateral. 
 
 Annular. 
 Taginal of the tendons of the 
 
 peronei. 
 Laciniated. 
 
 Vaginal of the tendon of the 
 flexor longus pollicis. 
 
 26. Hetaining 
 Tendons of 
 
 Muscle of the Foot^ Paginal and crucial of the ten- 
 
 and Toes in situ. 
 
 dons of the flexors of the 
 toes. 
 
 Accessory of the flexor tendons 
 of the toes. 
 
 Transverse of the extensor ten- 
 dons. 
 
 Ligament, anterior, of the Bladder. A 
 name given by the older anatomists to a por- 
 tion of the superior pelvic aponeurosis, which 
 becomes attached to the front of the neck of the 
 bladder. 
 
 LIGAMENT ARTERIEL, Arterial ligament 
 — 1. Camper's, Perineal fascia — 1. Cervical supra- 
 epinal, see Supraspinosa ligamenta — I. Ciliaire, 
 Ciliary ligament. 
 
 Ligament, Cor'onary, of the Liver, is a re- 
 flection formed by the peritoneum, between the 
 posterior margin of the liver, and the lower sur- 
 face of the diaphragm. See Falx. 
 
 Ligament, Costo-xiphoid, Xiphoid ligament 
 — 1. Dentele, Denticulatum ligamentum — I. Den- 
 ticule, Denticulatum ligamentum — 1. Dorso- 
 
 lumbo-supraspinal, see Supra-spinosa ligamenta 
 
 — 1. of Fallopius, Crural arch — 1. Gimbernat's, 
 see Gimbernat's ligament — 1. Glossepiglottic. see 
 Glossepiglottic — 1. Infra-pubian, Triangular liga- 
 ment — I. Interepineur, Interspinal ligament — 1, 
 of the Ovary, see Ovarium — ^1. Palmar inferior. 
 Metacarpal ligament — 1. Poupart's, Crural arch 
 — I. Bond, Teres ligamentum — I. Sur-epineux cer- 
 vical, see Supra-spinosa ligamenta — I. Sin-epi- 
 neux-dorso-lomhaire, see Supra-spinosa ligamenta 
 — 1. Suspensory, of the liver, see Suspensory — 1. 
 Triangular, Perineal fascia. 
 
 LIGAMENTA ALARIA, Odontoid ligaments 
 
 — 1. Apicum, see Interspinal ligament — 1. Coli- 
 see Colon — 1. Interlobularia pulmonum, Interlo- 
 bular tissue — L Intervertebralia, Intervertebral 
 cartilages — 1. Lata uteri, see Uterus — 1. Mau- 
 charti. Odontoid ligaments —-1. Piotunda uteri, 
 Round ligaments of the uterus — 1. Tarsea lata, 
 see Tarsea lata (ligamenta). 
 
 LIGAMENT E IJX, Ligamentous. 
 
 LIGAMENTOSUS, Ligamentous. 
 
 LIGAMEN'TOUS, Ligamento'sus, Desmans, 
 Desmo'sns, (P.) Ligamenieux, Deameiix. Having 
 the character of, or relating to, a ligament. 
 
 LIGAMENTS, BROAD, OF THE UTERUS, 
 see Uterus — I. Croises, Crucial ligaments — I. Cru- 
 ciformes. Crucial ligaments — I. Jannes, Yellow 
 ligaments — I. Larges de I'uterus, see Uterus — 1. 
 of the Larynx, inferior, Thyreo-arytenoid liga- 
 ments — I. lionds de Vuterus, Round ligaments of 
 the uterus. 
 
 LIGAMENTUM, Ligament — 1. Arteriosum, 
 see Arterial duct — 1. Capsulare, Capsular ligament 
 — 1. Ciliare, Ciliary ligament — 1. Conoides,"Conoid 
 ligament — 1. Dentatum, Denticulatum ligamen- 
 tum — 1. Fallopii, Crural arch — 1. Iridis, Ciliary 
 ligament — 1. Latum, Suspensory ligament of the 
 liver — 1. Membranaceum, Glosso-epiglottio liga- 
 ment — 1. Nuchas, Cervical ligament — 1. Posticum 
 Winslowii, see Genu — 1. Suspensorium dentis, 
 see Odontoid ligaments — 1. Suspensorium hepatis, 
 Suspensory ligament of the liver — 1. Suspenso- 
 rium testis, Gubernaculum testis — 1. Teres, Teres 
 ligamentum — 1. Trapezoides, Trapezoid ligament 
 — 1. Triangulare, Triangular ligament. 
 
 LIGATE, see Ligature. 
 
 LIGATIO, Fascia, Ligature — 1. LinguaB, Apho- 
 nia. 
 
 LIGATION, see Ligature. 
 
 LIGATURA, Ligature, Fasoia— L Glandis, 
 Phimosis. 
 
 LIG'ATURE, Ligatu'ra, Liga'tio, Alligatu'ra, 
 Beliga'tlo, Vinctu'ra, Fascia, Epid'esis. This 
 word has various acceptations. It means, I. The 
 thread with which an artery or vein is tied, to 
 prevent or arrest hemorrhage. 2. The cord, or 
 thread, or wire, used for removing tumours, &c. 
 3. The bandage used for phlebotomy. Ligature 
 is, also, sometimes applied to the act of tying an 
 artery or considerable vessel — Liga'tion, and oc- 
 casionally we meet with the terms to ligature and 
 to ligate, used unnecessarily in this sense, in place 
 of to take up or tie a vessel. When the artery 
 alone is tied, the ligature is said to be immediate; 
 when any of the surrounding parts are included, 
 itissaidto be mediate. The ligature occasions 
 obliteration or adhesion of the arterial parietes, 
 by cutting through the middle and internal coats ; 
 the adhesion being favoured by the formation of 
 a coagulum, which acts, in some degree, as a 
 barrier against the impulse of the blood, and sub- 
 sequently disappears by absorption. 
 
 LIGHT. Sax. leohc, liht, (G.) Licht, Lut 
 Lumen, Phos, (P.) Lnmiere. An extremely rare 
 fluid; diffused over the universe ; emanating from 
 the sun and fixed stars; traversing more than 
 four millions of leagues in a minute; passing 
 through transparent bodies, which refract it ac- 
 
LIGHTNING 
 
 540 
 
 LIMATIO 
 
 cording to their density and combustibility; and 
 arrested by opake bodies, by which it is reflected 
 at an angle equal to the angle of incidence. It 
 IS the cause of colour in all bodies, being entirely 
 reflected by white surfaces and absorbed by black. 
 It is decomposed in passing through a transpa- 
 rent prism into seven rays — red, orange, yellow, 
 green, blue, purple, and violet. 
 
 Light acts upon the body as a gentle and salu- 
 tary stimulus. It urges to exercise, whilst pri- 
 vation of it induces sleep and inactivity, and dis- 
 poses to obesity. Hence it is, that, in rural eco- 
 nomy, animals which are undergoing the process 
 of fattening are kept in obscurity. When vege- 
 tables are deprived of light, their nutrition is in- 
 terfered with, and they beeon>e etiolated. To a 
 certain extent this applies to animals, and there 
 is every reason to believe, that want of light pre- 
 vents the due development of organized bodies. 
 It has been found that, when tadpoles were de- 
 prived of light, they'did not undergo the perfect 
 metamorphosis into the frog, but that monstrosi- 
 ties from arrest of development were induced. 
 LIGHTNING, Astrape. 
 
 LIGHTS, Pulmo— 1. Rising of the, Cynanche 
 trachealis. 
 
 LIGNE, Line — ?. Aprc, Linea aspera — ^ 
 Blanche, Linea alba — I. Courbe, Curved line — I. 
 Ifediane de I'ahdomen, Linea alba — I. Sous-tro- 
 chanterienne, Linea aspera, 
 
 LIG'NEOUS, Ligiio'sux, (F.) Ligiieux. Woody. 
 Having the character or appearance of wood; as 
 ' Ligne'ous Scirrhus,' or S. of the mamma, which 
 has for its principal characteristics, hardness, the 
 inextensibility of wood, and no defined limits. — 
 Velpeau. A form of this, in plates, or diffused 
 over the mammary integuments, is termed, by 
 M. Velpeau, Squirre en ciiifasse. 
 
 LIGNIN, from lignum, 'wood.' Ligneous or 
 woody fibre ; the fibrous structure of vegetable 
 substances. 
 
 LIGNUM ALOES, Agallochum— 1. Aspalathi, 
 Agallochum — 1. Benedictum, Guaiacum — 1. Brasi- 
 lianum rubrum, Hfematoxylon campeehianum — 
 I. Cseruleum, Hrematoxylon campeehianum — 1. 
 Campechense, Htematoxylon campeehianum — 1. 
 Campeehianum, Hasmatoxylon campeehianum — 
 1. Campescanum, Haematoxylon campeehianum— 
 1. Colubrinum, see Strychnos — 1. Febrifugum, 
 Quassia — 1. Hajmatoxyli, Hasmatoxylon campe- 
 ehianum — 1. Indicum, Guaiacum, Hasmatoxylon 
 campeehianum — 1. Infelix, Sambucus — 1. Nephri- 
 ticum, Guilandina Moringa (the wood) — 1. Pava- 
 nse, Croton tiglium — 1. Quassia?, see Quassia — 1. 
 Sanctum, Guaiacum — 1. Sandalinum, see Ptero- 
 carpus santalinus— 1. Sappan, Hrematoxylon cam- 
 peehianum — 1. Serpentum, Ophioxylum serpenti- 
 num — 1. Vitaa, Guaiacum. 
 LIGNYODES, Fuliginous. 
 LIGNYS, Fuligo. 
 
 LIG'ULA, Lin'gida, 'a. small tongue, a tongue 
 of land; the tongue of a shoe.' The clavicle; 
 also, the glottis and epiglottis. A measure con- 
 taining 3 drachms and a scruple, or about half 
 an ounce. Also, a species of bandage or ligature. 
 — Scribonius. 
 
 LIGUSTICUM, L. Levistieum. 
 LiGusTicuM Act^ifo'lium. Thas'pium actcei- 
 fo'lium, Angel' ica la'cida, Angel'ica Nendo, White 
 root, indigenous ; Ord. Umbelliferaj. The root is 
 aromatic and carminative. 
 
 LiGosTicuM Capillaceum, ^thusa meum — I. 
 Carvi, Carum — 1. Foeniculum, Anethum. 
 
 Ligus'ticum Lrvis'ticum, from Aiyuoricoj, ap- 
 pertaining to Liguria. Levis'ticum, Laserj^itium 
 German'ieum, Ligitsticuni, Angel'ica levis'ticum 
 seu paludapi/o'iia. Lavage, (F.) Liveche, Ache 
 des monta^nes, Ord. Umbelliferte. The pro- 
 
 perties of this plant are said to be stimulant, car- 
 minative, emmenagogue, &c. 
 
 LiGUSTicDM Meum, ^thusa meum — 1. Phellan- 
 drium, Phellandrium aquaticum. 
 
 LiGDSTicuM PoDA6RA'RiA,Poc?a(/ra')-?a cegopo'- 
 diiim, jEgo2)o' dium seu Sison podagra'ria, Pim- 
 pinel'la angelicafo'lia, Sium vulga'>-e, TragoseW- 
 num angel'ica, Ses'eli cBgopo'diiim, Angel'ica syl- 
 vestris, Gottt-weed. A British plant, once con- 
 sidered useful in cases of gout. 
 
 LiGOSTicuM SiLAUS, Peucedanum silaus. 
 LIGUSTRUM ^GYPTIACUM, Lawsonia in- 
 ermis. 
 
 Ligus'trum Vulga're, Privet, Privy, Prim, 
 (F.) Troene. Ord. Oleacese. A shrub, which 
 grows wild both in Europe and in the United 
 States, usually in hedges. The leaves are astrin- 
 gent and bitter; and the flowers, which are snow- 
 white, and of an agreeable odour, have been em- 
 ployed in decoction, in sore throat, and ulcerous 
 stomatitis. The berries are said to be cathartic. 
 LIGYSMA, Distortion. 
 
 LILAC, COMMON, Syringa vulgaris— 1. Vul- 
 garis, Syringa vulgaris. 
 LILI, Lilium Paracelsi. 
 
 LILIA'GO. Dim. oi Lil'inm, the lihj ; Spi- 
 derwort ; Liliaa'trum. This plant was formerly 
 said to be alexipharmic and carminative. 
 LILTASTRUM, Liliago. 
 
 LIL'IUM CAN'DIDUM, L. album, Criiion. 
 The icJiite lily. (F.) Lis hlanc. Ord. LiliaceEe. 
 The infusion of the flowers of the lily in olive oil 
 is emollient, and often applied externally, under 
 the name of Lily oil, (F.) Huile de lis. The 
 scales of the bulb, roasted, are sometimes em- 
 ployed as maturatives. 
 
 Ltlium Convallium, Convallaria maialis. 
 Lilium Paracel'si, Tinctn'ra 3Ietallo'rum, 
 Lili. A medicine employed by Paracelsus. It 
 was prepared by melting in a crucible four ounce's 
 of each of the following alloys: Antimony and 
 iron, antimony and tin, antimony and copper, pre- 
 viously mixed with eighteen ounces of nitrate of 
 potassa and as much salt of tartar. The melted 
 mass, when pulverized, was treated with rectified 
 alcohol, which really dissolved only the potassa set 
 at liberty by the decomposition experienced by 
 the nitre and salt of tartar. The Lilium Paracelsi 
 was used as a cordial. It entered into the com- 
 position of the theriacal elixir, &c. 
 
 LILY, GROUND, Trillium latifolium— 1. May, 
 Convallaria maialis — 1. Pond, Nelumbium luteum 
 — 1. Pond, White, Nymphaja odorata — 1. Pond, 
 yellow, Nuphar advena — 1. Toad, Nymphsea 
 odorata — 1. of the Valley, Convallaria maialis — 1. 
 Water, little, Brasenia hydropeltis — 1. Water, 
 sweet, Nympha^a odorata — 1. AVater, sweet- 
 scented, Nympha?aodorata — 1. Water, white, Nj-m- 
 phaja alba — 1. Water, yellow, Nymphasa lutea — 1. 
 White, Lilium eandidum, Nelumbium luteum. 
 
 LIMA, CLIMATE OF. The climate of Peru 
 does not appear to be favourable to the genera- 
 tion of consumption : and Lima would seem to 
 be a good residence for the phthisical valetudina- 
 rian. Many have been benefited by a residence 
 there ; but when they have gone farther south, as 
 to Chili, the efifect, according to Dr. M. Burrough, 
 has generally been fatal.. 
 
 LIMA DENTARIA, Sealprum dentarium. 
 LniAGIEN (F.), from limacon, {Umax, lima- 
 cis, 'the snail,') 'the cochlea of the ear.' A 
 branch of the acoustic or labyrinthic nerve sent 
 to the cochlea. 
 
 LBfAgOlSf, Cochlea, Helix pomatia, Limax — 
 I. Ilampes du, see Cochlea. 
 
 LIMACUM CORNUA, see Lachrymal puncta. 
 LIMANCHIA, Abstinence. 
 LIMA'TIO, from limo, limatum, 'to file.' Fi- 
 ling : an operation employed by the dentist moro 
 
LIMATURA FERRI 
 
 5 41 
 
 LINGUAL 
 
 especially to prevent immediate contact of the 
 teeth with each other. 
 
 LIMATURA FERRI, Fern Limatura. 
 
 LIMAX, Xcijia^, XtifiaKoq, Helix, Slug or Snail, 
 (F.) LimaQon, GolimaQon, Escargot. A syrup has 
 been prepared from these animals, which has been 
 given in phthisis, &o. The raw snails have also 
 been taken in consumption. They have been 
 used as food. 
 
 LIMB, Membrum. 
 
 LIMBUS ALVEOLARIS, Alveolar border— 
 1. Fossae Ovalis, see Ovalis fossa — 1. Luteus re- 
 tinae, see Foramen centrale — 1. Posterior corporis 
 striati, T^nia semicircularis. 
 
 LIME. A fruit like a small lemon, the juice 
 of which is strongly acid, and is much used for 
 making punch. It is, also, used in long voyages 
 as an antiscorbutic, <fec. It is a species of lemon, 
 the fruit of Citrus acida. 
 
 Lime, Calx — 1. Carbonate of, Creta — 1. Chloride 
 of, Calais chloridum — 1. Chlorite of, Calcis chlo- 
 ridum — 1. Chloruret of, Calcis chloridum — 1. Hy- 
 drate of, see Calx — 1. Hydrosulphate of, Calcis 
 Eulphuretum — 1. Hypochlorite of, Calcis chlori- 
 dum — 1. Muriate of, solution of, see Calcis murias 
 — 1. O-xymuriate of, Calcis chloridum — 1. Phos- 
 phate of, see Cornu ustum — 1. Bone phosphate 
 of, see Cornu ustum — 1. Slaked, see Calx — 1. Sul- 
 phuret of, Calcis sulphuretum. 
 
 Lime Tree, Tilia — 1. Water, Liquor calcis — 1. 
 Water, compound, Liquor calcis compositus. 
 
 LIMICUS, Hungry. 
 
 LIMITROPHES, see Trisplanchnic nerve. 
 
 LIMNE, Marsh. 
 
 LIMNE'MIC, LimncB'mic, Limnlie'inic, Lim- 
 nm'micHs, LimnhcR'micus, from \iiivrj, ' a marsh,' 
 and 'aifxa, 'blood.' An epithet given to affections 
 induced by paludal emanations ; (F.) Affections 
 limnhemiqties. 
 
 LIMOCTON'IA, Abstinence. Abstinence to 
 death. Death from hunger; from Ai//of, 'hunger,' 
 and KTovo;, 'death.' Suicide by hunger. 
 
 LIMODES, Hungry. 
 
 LIMOiSr, see Citrus mediea. 
 
 LIMONADA, Lemonade. 
 
 LIMONADE, Lemonade — I. Gazeuse, see Le- 
 monade — I. SecJie, Lemonade, dry; see Citric 
 acid. 
 
 LIMOiSTIUM, Statice limonium— 1. Malum, see 
 Citrus mediea. 
 
 LIMONUM BACCA, see Citrus mediea. 
 
 LIMO-PHTHI'SIS, from Xi/^o?, ' hunger,' and 
 (jiQiaig, 'wasting.' Wasting from privation of 
 food. 
 
 LIMOS, Xi/iof, 'hunger.' Hence: 
 
 LIMO'SIS, Stomach disease, Morbid appetite. 
 A genus in the class Oceliaoa, order Enterica, of 
 Good. 
 
 LiMosis Cardialgia Mordexs, Cardialgia — 1. 
 Cardialgia sputatoria, Pyrosis — 1. Dyspepsia, Dys- 
 pepsia — 1. Expers, Anorexia — -1. Expers protracta. 
 Fasting — 1. Flatus, Flatulence — 1. Helluonum, 
 Gluttony — 1. Pica, Malacia. 
 
 LIMOTHERAPEI'A, NeHitherapei'a, Nesto- 
 iliernpei'a, Nestiatria, Peinotherapi'a, Cura'tio 
 morbi per ine'diam, from limos, and ^cpantia, 
 'treatment.' Hunger-cure. Cure by fasting. 
 
 LIMUS, Limos, 
 
 LIN, Linum usitatissimum — I. Graines de, see 
 Linum usitatissimum — I. Purgatif, Linum eathar- 
 ticum. 
 
 LTNATRE, Antirhinum linaria. 
 
 LINAMENTUM, Linteum. 
 
 LINARIA, Antirhinum linaria — 1. Cymbala- 
 ria, Antirhinum linaria — 1. Elatine, Antirhinum 
 elatine — 1. Vulgaris, Antirhinum linaria. 
 
 LINCTUARIUM, Eclectos. 
 
 LINCTUS, Eclectos— 1. Albus, Looch album— 
 1. Amjo:dalinus, Looch album — 1. ad Aphthas, 
 
 Mel boracis — 1. de Borace, Mel boracis — 1. Com- 
 munis, Looch album. 
 
 LINDEN TREE, Tilia, Tilia Americana. 
 
 LINE, Lin'ea, Gramme, (F.) Ligne. Extent 
 in length, considered without regard to breadth 
 or thickness. As a measure, it means the 12tb 
 part of an inch. 
 
 Median Line of the Body is an imaginary 
 line supposed to set out from the top of the head 
 and to fall between the feet, so as to divide the 
 body vertically into two equal and symmetrical 
 parts. 
 
 LINEA, Line. 
 
 LiNEA Alba, Linen alha Ahdom'inis, (F.) 
 Ligne hlanehe ou mediane de I'ahdoinen (Ch.), 
 Candid'ula ahdom'inis lin'ea, Lin'ea cenfra'lis. 
 A tendinous, strong, and highly resisting cord ; 
 extending from the ensiform cartilage of the ster- 
 num to the symphysis pubis, with the umbilicus 
 near its middle. The linea alba is formed by the 
 decussation of the aponeurosis of the abdominal 
 muscles ; and its use is to limit the movement of 
 the chest backwards ; to prevent it from separa- 
 ting too far from the pelvis, and to furnish a fixed 
 point for the muscles of the abdomen in their 
 contraction. 
 
 Linea As'perA, Ragged ridge, (F.) Ligne dpre, 
 Ligne sons-trneJianterienne, (Ch.) A rough pro- 
 jection at the posterior surface of the femur, 
 which gives attachment to muscles. 
 
 Linea Candidula Abdominis, L. alba — 1. Cen- 
 tralis, L. alba — 1. Innominata, Ilio-pectinea 
 Linea. 
 
 LINE^ ARCUATiE, Curved lines— 1. Semi- 
 circulares externse. Curved lines. 
 
 LinEjE Semiluna'res are the lines, which 
 bound the outer margin of the recti muscles of 
 the abdomen. They are formed by the union of 
 the abdominal tendons. The lines which cross 
 these muscles are called Lineae transver'scF. 
 
 LinEjE TiB'iiE, An'guli tih'icB. Sharp lines on 
 the tibia. 
 
 LiNE.E Transversa, see L. semilunares, and 
 Processus teretes. 
 
 LINE AIRE, Linear. 
 
 LIN'EAMENT, Lineamen'tnm, from linea, 'a 
 line,' lineare, 'to mark by lines.' A delicate trait 
 observed on the countenance, which constitutes 
 its special character, enables us to preserve its 
 image, and is the cause of resemblance to others. 
 A feature. 
 
 Bonnet gave the name Lineament to the first 
 traces of organization in the embrj'o of man and 
 animals. 
 
 LIN'EAB, Linea'ris, Linea'rius, from linea, 
 'aline.' (F). Lineaire. Pathologists apply the 
 epithet linear to fractures which are very narrow, 
 and in which the fragments are scarcely sepa- 
 rated. 
 
 LINE'OLA; a diminutive of linea, 'a line.' A 
 small line. 
 
 Line'oLjE MAMifA'Rrir. The white lines on the 
 breasts. 
 
 LINGISM, Kinesipathy. 
 
 LINGUA, Tongue — 1. Avis, see Fraxinus ex- 
 celsior — 1. Bovis, Anchusa officinalis — 1. Canina, 
 Cynoglossum — 1. Cervina, Asplenium seolopen- 
 drium — 1. Exigua, Epiglottis — 1. Prognosis ex, 
 Glossomantia — 1. Serpentaria, Ophioglossum vul- 
 gatum. 
 
 Linguae Detentor, Glossocatoehuj — 1. Exon- 
 cosis, Glossoncus — 1. Scalpium, Cure-lajigne. 
 
 LIN'GUAL, Lingiin'lis, from lingua, 'the 
 tongue.' Relating or belonging to the tongue. 
 
 Lingual Ar'tery, Arte'ria lingua'lis, arises 
 from the external carotid; and, after several tor- 
 tuosities, reaches the base of the tongue, becomes 
 horizontal, and, under the name Raninc, advances 
 
LIXGUALIS 
 
 5 4 2 
 
 LINIMENTUM 
 
 to the tip, where it anastomoses with its fellow. 
 In its course, it gives off the Dorsalis lingua and 
 iuhlingital. 
 
 Lingual Muscle, Lingua'lis, Basio-glossus 
 (Cowper), Glossia' Hus, is a small, long, fasciculus 
 of fibres, hidden beneath the sides of the tongue, 
 between the hyoglossus and styloglossus mus- 
 cles, which are on the outside, and the genioglos- 
 sus, within. This muscle passes from the base to 
 the tip of the tongue; and, at its sides, is con- 
 fonnded with the muscles just referred to. It 
 shortens the tongue, depresses its point, and can 
 carry it to the right or left side. 
 
 Lingual Xerve is a name which has been 
 given to the ninth pair or hypoglossus. It 
 is, also, a term applied to a branch given off 
 from the Inferior maxillary, or third branch 
 of the iifth pair. Near its origin it anastomoses 
 with, or simply runs close to, the chorda tym- 
 pani. It afterwards gives off a considerable num- 
 ber of filaments, which are distributed to the 
 tongue, and some of which are said to have been 
 even traced as far as the papillfe; — a distribu- 
 tion which has occasioned it to be regarded as 
 the Gus'tatory nerve, (F.) Nerf gustatif. 
 
 Lingual Salivary Glands, see Salivary 
 glands. 
 
 Lingual Vein follows nearly the same distri- 
 bution as the artery. It opens into the internal 
 jugular. 
 
 LINGJUALIS, Lingual muscle. 
 
 LINGUETTA LAMINOSA, Lingula. 
 
 LINGULA, Ligula. 
 
 Lin'gula, Lingnet'ta lamino'sa. A thin, trans- 
 versely grooved lobule of gray substance, de- 
 rived from the anterior border of the cerebellum, 
 which, for a short distance, lies over the velum 
 medullare anterius. 
 
 Lingula Fistula, Epiglottis. 
 
 LINI USITATISSIMI SEMINA, see Linum 
 usitatissimum. 
 
 LIN'IMENT, Lininien'tum, Litus, EncTiris'tnn, 
 Catacliris'ton, Perich'risis, Perichri8'ton,Aleiph'a, 
 Aleim'ma, Enchris'ta, Fricinm, Frieato'rium, Iii- 
 unc'tio, from linire, Unitum, 'to anoint gently,' 
 'to anoint.' An unctuous medicine, containing 
 usually oil or lard, which is used externally in 
 the form of friction. 
 
 Liniment of Amiionia, Cosipound, see Lotion, 
 Granville's. 
 
 LimMENT AJTMONIACAL, Linimentum 
 ammoniee — I. de Carbonate d'Ammoniaqae, Li- 
 nimentum ammonise carbonatis. 
 
 Liniment, Anodyne, Linimentum opii. 
 
 LINT ME NT ANTIHEMORRHOID ALE 
 DE SIEUR ANDRT, _(F.) This is formed of 
 Narhonne honey, Olive oil, and Turpentine. 
 
 LINIMENT ANTIPARALYTIQUE, (F.) 
 Composed of suhcarbonate of ammonia, alcoholized 
 oil, black soap, and oil of rosemary. 
 
 Liniment, Antiscrof'ulous, op Hufbland. 
 Composed of fresh ox-gall, White soap, Un- 
 gnentum alfhce'ee, Volatile oil of petroleum, Car- 
 bonate of ammonia, and Camphor. 
 
 LINIMENT CALOAIRE, Linimentum aquae 
 ealcis — 1. Camphor, Linimentum camphorse — I. 
 Camphre, Linimentum camphorse — 1. of Cantha- 
 rides, camphorated, Linimentum e cantharidibus 
 camphoratum — I. Cantharide camphre, Linimen- 
 tum e cantharidibus camphoratum — 1. Croton oil, 
 Linimentum crotonis — I. d' Eau de chatix, Lini- 
 mentum aquse caleis — 1. of Limowater, Linimen- 
 tum aquE8 caleis — I. de Mercure, Linimentum hy- 
 drargyri — 1. Mercurial, Linimentum hydrargyri 
 — I. Olio-ealcaire, Linimentum aquae caleis — 1. 
 of Opium, Linimentum opii. 
 
 LINIMENT RESOLUTIF DE POTT, ooui- 
 
 posed of oil of ftn'pentine and muriatic acid. Used 
 in rheumatism, swellings, &c,. 
 
 Liniment, Saint John Long's. A liniment 
 used by a celebrated empiric at the commence- 
 ment of the second quarter of the 19th century. 
 It is said to have consisted of oil of turpentine 
 and acetic acid, held in suspension by yolk of 
 egsr. It was a powerful counter-irritant. 
 
 tlNIMENT DE SA VON, Linimentum sapo- 
 nis compositum — I. de Savon opiace, Linimentum 
 saponis et opii. 
 
 LIN13/ENT SAVONNEUX EYDEOSUL- 
 FURE DE JADELOT. Composed of su?pAurc« 
 of potass, ,^vj; white soap, H)ij ; oil of poppy, 
 Ibiv ; oil of thyme, gij. Used in itch. 
 
 Liniment, Simple, Linimentum simplex — 1. 
 Soap, Linimentum saponis — 1. Soap and opium, 
 Linimentum saponis et opii — 1. Soap, compound, 
 Linimentum saponis compos. — 1. .Turpentine, Li- 
 nimentum terebinthinae — 1. of Verdigris, Lini- 
 mentum feruginis — I. de Vert-de-gris, lAmmQXi' 
 tum aeruginis — I. Volatil, Linimentum ammonias 
 fortius. 
 
 LINIMENTUM, Liniment. 
 
 Linimen'tum iERu'GiNis, Ox'ymel ^ru'gtnia, 
 Unguen'tum yEgyptiacum, Melli'tum de aceta'te 
 eupri, Liniment of verdigris, (F.) Liniment de 
 Vert-de-gris, 3Iiel d'acetate de cuivre. (jErngiu. 
 cont. "^i ; acet. 3vij ; mellis despium. pond. ,^xiv. 
 Liquefied, strained, and inspissated by boiling. — 
 Ph. L.) It is used as an escharotic and deter- 
 gent; — diluted, as a gargle in venereal ulcera- 
 tions and in foul ulcers. 
 
 Linimentum Album, Ceratum cetacei, Unguen- 
 tum cetacei — 1. ad Ambustiones, L. aqu£e caleis. 
 
 Linimentum Ammo'ni^, Sapo ammoniaca'lis, 
 Linimen'tum ammonia'tum sen ammo'nicnm seu 
 Anglica'num, Sapo ammo'nim olea'ceus, Unguen'- 
 tum album resol'vens, Oleum ammonia'tum. Strong 
 liniment of ammonia, (F.) Liniment volatil oil 
 ammoniacal, Savon ammoniaeal. {Liq. ammon. 
 fgj; olei olivce, f.^ij. Mix. — Ph. U. S.) A 
 stimulating and rubefacient soap. 
 
 Linimentum Ammo'ni^ Carbona'tis, Liniment 
 of subcarb'onate of ammo'nia, Linitnentum am- 
 mo'nias sesquicarbona'tis, L. volat'ile. Hartshorn 
 and oil. (F.) Liniment de carbonate d'ammoni- 
 aqne. (Sol.ut. subcarb. amnion, f^j ; olei oliv. 
 f^^iij. Shake till they unite. — Ph. L.) A stimu- 
 lating liniment, mostly used to relieve rheumatic 
 pains, bruises, &c. 
 
 Linimentum Ammonite Compositum, see Gran- 
 ville's Lotion — 1. Ammonise Sesquicarbonatis, 
 Linimentum Ammonias Carbonatis — 1. Ammoni- 
 atum seu Ammonicum, L. Ammoniae fortis — 1. 
 Anglicanum, L. Ammonise fortis — 1. ad Aphthas, 
 Mel boracis. 
 
 Linimentum AquiE Calcis,-C. Caleis (Ph. U. S.), 
 L. ad ambustio'nes. Oleum lini cum calce, Sajio 
 calca'rius. Liniment of limewater, Carron oil, 
 (because much used in the Carron iron works in 
 Scotland), (F.) Liniment d'eau de chaux, Savon 
 ca.lcaire, Liniment calcaire ou oleo-calcaire. 
 {Olei lini, aqua caleis, aa f^'j- Misce.) A 
 cooling and emollient application to burns and 
 scalds. 
 
 Linimentum Arc^i, Unguentum elemi com- 
 positum — 1. de Horace, Mel boracis — 1. Caleis, 
 L. aquse caleis. 
 
 Linimentum Cam'phor^, Oleum Camp)hora'tum, 
 Solu'tio campthorcB oleo'sa, Camphor liniment, (F.) 
 Liniment Camphre, [Campliorm, ^\r ; olei olira, 
 fgij. Dissolve. — Ph. U. S.) It is used as a 
 stimulant and discutient. 
 
 LiNiMENTUjr Cam'phor^ Compor'itum, Ward's 
 essence for the headache, Compound camphor lini- 
 ment. {Canuyhor. ,fiiss; ol. Lavand. f .^j ; Sp. 
 rectijicat. f3xvij ; Liquor ammon. fortior. f§iij. 
 i Dissolve the camphor and oil in the spirit ; add 
 
LINIMENTUM 
 
 543 
 
 LIP 
 
 the ammnnia, and shake till they are mixed. I 
 Ph. L.) It is stimulant and discutient. 
 
 LiNlMENTUjr Caxthar'idis, Liniment of Spanish 
 Flies. {Cantlinrid. in pulv. §j ; 01. Terebinth. 
 Oss. Digest for three hours by means of a water- 
 bath, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Used as an exci- 
 tant liniment in typhus, &c. 
 
 LiNIMENTtTM E CaNTHARID'IBUS CaMPHORA'- 
 
 TUJr, Camph' orated liniment of canthar' ides, (F.) 
 L. cantharide camphre. (Tinct. cantharid. ^ss ; 
 ol. amygd. dulc. §iv; sapon. amygd. ^j ; camphor. 
 ^ss. Dissolve the camphor in the oil, and add 
 the mixture to the tincture and soap. — Ph. P.) 
 Rubefacient, and discutient. 
 
 Li.vijfEXTUM Croto'xis, Croton oil Lin'iment, 
 (01. Croton, f5J ; 01. Terebinth, fgvij, M. Ph. D.) 
 Rubefacient, causing an eruption when continued. 
 LiNIMENTUM HydrAr'gyri, L. Hydrar'gyri 
 compos' itnm, 2Ierca' rial liniment, (F.) L. de 3Ier- 
 care. (Ung. Hyd. fort., adip. prwp. aa, §iv; 
 camphora:, ,^j ; sp. rect. gtt. .xv; liquor ammon. 
 f^iv. Rub the camphor with the spirit; add the 
 ointment and lard; and, lastly, gradually add 
 the solution. — Ph. L.) It is used as a stimulant 
 and discutient to venereal swellings, &c. 
 
 LiyiMENTCM HypERicr, see Hypericum perfo- 
 ratum. 
 
 LlNDfENTUM Opit, Liniment of Opium, An'o- 
 dyne Liniment. (Sapon. "^y] ; Opii.'^'iss; Cam- 
 phor. §iij; 01. Rosmarin. f .^vj ; Spirit rectificat. 
 Oi.j. (Imp. meas.) Macerate the soap and opium 
 in the spirit for three hours ; filter, and add the 
 oil and camphor. — Ph. L.) Anodyne and slightly 
 rubefacient. 
 
 LiNiMENTUM PLUJrBATUJf, Unguentum plumbi 
 superacetatis — 1. Saponaceum opiatum, L. Sapo- 
 nis et opii. 
 
 LiNiMENTusr Sapona'ceuii Hydrosulphura'- 
 TUjr. (Common Soap, b()% 'p. Liquefy in a water 
 bath in an earthen vessel ; and add xchite poppy 
 oil, 250 p. Mix intimately, and add dry sulpihuret 
 of 2)otass, 100 p. Beat together, and add oil of 
 poppy seed, 750 p. — Ph. P.) In cutaneous affec- 
 tions, as psora, herpes, &c. 
 
 LiMMENTUM Saponato-camphoratum, L. Sa- 
 ponis camphoratum. 
 
 LiyiirE.vTUM Sapo'nis, Tinctu'ra saponis cam- 
 2)hora' ta (Vh.X} .^.), Camphorated Tincture of Soap, 
 Soap Liniment. (Saponis concis. ^iv; campihor. 
 ^ij ; 01. Rosmarin. f.^ss; alcohol. Oij. Digest 
 the soap and alcohol in a water-bath, until the 
 former is dissolved ; filter, and add the camphor 
 and oil. — Ph. U. S.) Used in sprains, bruises, 
 and as an embrocation. 
 
 LixiMENTuit Sapo'nis CAMPHORA'Tiur, L. S. 
 compos'ifum, L. Sapona'to-camphofa'tum, BaV- 
 sumum opodel'doc, Tinctu'ra saponis campjhorn'ta 
 (Ph. U. S.), Opodel'doch, Steer's opodeldoch. Com- 
 pound Soap Liniment, (F.) L. de Savon. (Sapon. 
 rasur. §iv; Camphor. "^Xy, 01. Rosmarini, {'^ss: 
 Aquce, f.fiv; Alcohol. Oij. Mix the alcohol and 
 water ; digest the soap in the mixture by means 
 of a water-bath, until it is dissolved; filter, and 
 add the camphor and oil. — (Ph. U. S.) Stimulant 
 and anodyne; in bruises, local pains, &e. 
 
 Freeman's Bathing Spirits consist of lin. sapon 
 comp. coloured with Daffy's elixir. 
 
 Jackson's Bathing Spirits differ from Freeman's 
 in the addition of some essential oils. 
 
 LiyiMENTUM Sapo'nis et Opii, L. sapona'ceum 
 opia'tnm, Soap and opium lin'iment, Bates's ano- 
 dyne balsam, Bal'samum anod'ynum, Tinctura sa- 
 pionis et opii, (F.) L. de Savon opince. (Saponis 
 duri. ^iv ; opii, ^j ; camphorce, ,^ij ; olei roris- 
 mann. f^ss; alcohol. Oij. — Ph. E.) Anodyne; 
 in chronic rheumatism and local pains in general. 
 LiNiMENTUM Simplex, Simple Liniment. (01. 
 oliv. 4 p. ; cercB albce, 1 p. fiat linimentum. — Ph. 
 E.) Emollient; used in chaps, &c. 
 
 LnriJtENTUM SiAiPLEX, Unguentum cerse. 
 LlNrMENTPM Terebin''thin^, L. Terebinthina'- 
 tum, Turpentine liniment. (Cerat. resinm, ftj ; 
 ol. terebinth. Oss. Melt the cerate and stir in the 
 oil.) A stimulant; applied to burns, &c. 
 
 LiNnrENTDjr Volatile, L. ammoniae carbonatis. 
 LINN, Tilia Americana. 
 
 LINNiE'A, L. Borea'lis. Ord. Caprifoliaceae. 
 This plant, called after Linnseus, has a bitter, 
 sub-astringent taste; and is used, in some places, 
 in the form of fomentation, in rheumatic pains. 
 An infusion in milk is used in Switzerland for tho 
 cure of sciatica. 
 
 LINOSPERMUM, see Linum usitatissimum. 
 LINSEED, see Linum usitatissimum. 
 LINT, Carbasus, Linteum. 
 LINTEAMEN, Linteum, Pledget. 
 LIN'TEUM, 'a linen cloth,' from linum, 'flax, 
 linen,' L. carptum seu rasum, Lintea'men, 0th'- 
 one, Othon'ion, Car'basus, Car'basa, Oar'pia, 
 Motos, 3Iote, ilotum, Linamen'tum, Tilma, 
 Xystos, Xysma, Aehne, Lint, (F.) Charpie. A 
 soft, floceulent substance, made by scraping old 
 linen cloth, (F.) Charp)ie rapiee, or by unravel- 
 ling old linen cut into small pieces — (F.) Char- 
 pie brute ; and employed in surgery as a dressing 
 to wounds, ulcers, &c., either simply or covered 
 with ointment. 
 
 Linteum Carptum, see Linteum — 1. Rasum, 
 see Linteum — 1. Scissum, Splitcloth (bandage.) 
 
 LINUM, see Linum usitatissimum — -1. Arvense, 
 L. usitatissimum. 
 
 Linum Cathar'ticum, L. min'imum, Chamadi' - 
 num, Purging flax, Mill mountain, (F.) Lin pu7-- 
 gatif. Ord. Linacege. This plant is possessed 
 of cathartic properties, and has a bitterish, dis- 
 agreeable taste. Dose, ^ji in substance. 
 
 Linum Crudum, see Apolinosis — 1. Minimum, 
 L. Catharticum. 
 
 Linum Usitatis'simum, L. arven'se. Common 
 flax, (F.) Lin. The seed, Linum, (Ph. U. S.), 
 Sem'inn lini usitatis'simi, Linosper'raum, Lin- 
 seed, Flaxseed, (F.) Grains de lin, are inodorous, 
 and almost tasteless; yielding mucilage to warm 
 water, and oil by expression. They are demul- 
 cent and emollient. Linseed, when ground into 
 powder, forms a good emollient poultice. It is 
 only necessary to stir the powder into boiling 
 water. The oil, Oleum lini. Flaxseed oil, (F.) 
 Huile de Lin, is emollient and demulcent. 
 LIONBENT. Leontodon taraxacum. 
 LION'S FOOT, Nabalus albus, Prenanthes — 
 1. Tiiil, Leonurus. 
 
 LIO PODIA, see Leiopus. 
 LIOPUS, Leiopus. 
 
 LIP, Sax. and Germ. Lippe, Cheilos, La'Mum, 
 Labrum, (F.) Lerre. [In Entomology, labium 
 means the lower lip, — labrum, the upper.] The 
 lips are composed of difi"erent muscular fasciculi, 
 nerves, and vessels, covered by the skin and mu- 
 cous membrane of the mouth. They circumscribe 
 the anterior aperture of that cavity; and are in- 
 servient to mastication, pronunciation, &o. They 
 are distinguished into tippter and loxcer — Ano- 
 chei'len; and Catochei'lon, (Prov.) Fipple — and 
 are placed in front of each jaw, forming between 
 them the anterior aperture of the mouth. They 
 unite at each side, and form what are called the 
 angles or commissures of the mouth — Chal'ini. 
 Their free edge is covered with a mucous mem- 
 brane, of a more or less livid red, according to 
 the individual. They receive their arteries from 
 the external carotid. Their veins open into the 
 two jugulars. Their lymphatic vessels descend 
 into the ganglions situate beneath the chin. 
 Their nerves are derived from the infra-orbitar, 
 mental, and facial. 
 
 Lips, La'bia, (F.) Llvres de la vulve, are folds 
 belonging to the genital organs of the female. 
 
LIPA 
 
 544 
 
 LIQUOR 
 
 and distinguished into — 1. Labia purlen'di sen 
 Cunni seu majo'ra, Ej^isi'a, Aim jyuden'di miilie'- 
 hris, Hytrochei'Udefi, Bupes, AloB majo'res, Creni'- 
 noi, (F.) Grandes Levres. These are two mem- 
 branous folds, thicker above than below, which 
 limit the vulva laterally, and extend from the in- 
 ferior part of the mons veneris to the perinjeum. 
 They unite anteriorly and posteriorly, forming 
 commissures; the posterior of which is called 
 Fourchette. Their outer surface is convex; formed 
 of skin and covered with hair. The inner sur- 
 face is white, and covered by a mucous membrane, 
 continuous with that lining the other parts of the 
 vulva. The space between the skin and mucous 
 membrane is filled with a fatty tissue and fibrous 
 bands, some fibres of the constrictor vaginae mus- 
 cle, vessels, and nerves. 
 
 We speak, also, of the lips of a wound, nicer, 
 &c., when alluding to the edges of these solutions 
 of continuity. 
 
 LIPA, \iira, fat; also, Lippitudo. 
 
 LI'PARA, from Atn-apoj, 'fatty.' Planters, 
 containing much oil or fat. 
 
 LIPAE.L4, see Polysarca. 
 
 LIPAROCE'LB,i!>oce7?,from \nrapos, 'fatty,' 
 and KriXrj, ' tumour.' Lipo'7na, or fatty tumour 
 of the scrotum, Her'nia p)inguedino'8a scroti. 
 
 LIPAPuODES, Fatty. 
 
 LIPAROIDE, Cerate. 
 
 LIPAROLE, Pomatum, Pommade. 
 
 LIPAROTES, see Polysarcia. 
 
 LTPAROTRICH'IA, from Ai-aooj, 'fatty,' and 
 Sp[|, rpixoi, 'hair.' Too great oiliness of the hair. 
 
 LIPARUS, Fatty. 
 
 LIPASMA, see Polysarcia. 
 
 LIPEMANIA, Melancholy, see Lypemania. 
 
 LIPH.EMIA, Leiphfemia. 
 
 LIPHxEMOS, Leiphamos. 
 
 LIPO or LEIPO, XaT-u, 'Heave,' 'I forsake.' 
 Hence, LeipopsycMa, Leipotliymia. 
 
 LIPOCELE, Liparocele. 
 
 LIPODERMIA, Aposthia. 
 
 LIPODERMOS, Leipodermos. 
 
 LIPO'MA, Lypo'ma, from Xito, 'fat.' A fatty 
 tumour of an encvsted or other character. 
 
 LIPOMATODES, Lipomatous. 
 
 LIPOM'ATOUS, Lipomato'ans, Lipumato'deis, 
 (F.) Lipomateu.T. Having the nature of lipoma 
 — as a ' lipomatous mass.' 
 
 LIPOME'RLA, Leipome'ria, from Xan-w, 'I 
 leave,' and jispo;, a 'part.' Monstrosity from ar- 
 rest of development, or from defect. Deficiency 
 of one or more of the parts of the body; for ex- 
 ample, in one who has only four fingers. 
 
 LIPOPSYCHIA, Syncope. 
 
 LIPOS, Fat. 
 
 LIPOSIS. see Polysarcia. 
 
 LIPOSPHYXIA, Syncope. 
 
 LIPOTHYMIA, Syncope. 
 
 LIPPA, Chassie. 
 
 LIPPER, Lepra, Leprous. 
 
 LIPPIA, Adali. 
 
 LIPPITU'DO, OpTitTial'mia cJiron'ica of some, 
 Lipipitude, Blear-eye, Blear-eyedness, Blear'ed- 
 ness, Lappa, Lipya, Xerophthal'mia, Lema, Leme, 
 Lemos'itas, Gleme, Glama, Gra'mia. A copious 
 secretion of the sebaceous humour of the eyelids, 
 ■which renders them gummy. It is owing to a 
 state of chronic inflammation of the tarsal mar- 
 gins; the eyelids being generally red, tumefied, 
 and painful. 
 
 Lippitudo NEONATORmr, see Ophthalmia. 
 
 LIPPUS, one affected with blear eye; llear- 
 cyed ; (F.) Chnsnieiix. 
 
 LIPSIS AXIML Svncope. 
 
 LIPSOTRICHIA, Alopecia, Calvities. 
 
 LIQUAMEN, Garum. 
 
 LIQUAME'MIA, Adeps hmna'mis. Humcn 
 fat. — Ruland and Johnson. 
 
 LIQUARIUM, Syrupus simplex. 
 
 LIQUATIO, Liquefaction. 
 
 LIQUEFA'CIENT, Liqnefa'ciens, from liqnid- 
 us, 'liquid,' and/dcece, 'to make.' A medicinal 
 agent, which seems to have the power of liquefy- 
 ing solid depositions. To this class mercury, 
 iodine, Ac, have been referred by some. 
 
 LIQUEFACTION, Liqua'tio, Liqvefac'tio ; 
 same etymon. Transformation of a solid sub- 
 stance into a liquid. It is used particularly in 
 speaking of metals and fatty bodies, see Fusion. 
 
 LIQUEUR BE L' AMNIOS, Liquor amnii— 
 I. d'Alumine Oomposee, Liquor aluminis compos. 
 — I. Anodiiie d' Hoffman, Spiritus ffitheris sulphu- 
 rici compositus — I. Anodine nitreuse, Spiritus 
 Eetheris nitrici — I. Arsenicale, Liquor arsenicalis 
 — I. Fumante de Boyle, Ammonise sulphuretum, 
 Liquor fumans Boylii — I. Volatile de Come de cerf, 
 Liquor volatilis cornu cervi — I. de C'uivre ammo- 
 niacal, Liquor cupri ammoniati — I. de Fer alca- 
 line, Liquor ferri alkalini • — I. de Sous-acetate de 
 plomh, Liquor plumbi subacetatis — I. de Potasse, 
 Liquor potassge — I. du Sang, Liquor sanguinis — 
 I. de Sous-carbonate de potasse, Liquor potassae 
 subcnrbonatis. 
 
 LIQUID, ADHESIVE, MAYNARD'S, Collo- 
 dion — 1. Disinfecting, Burnett's, see Burnett's dis- 
 infecting liquid — 1. Disinfecting, Labarraque's, 
 Liquor sodae chlorinatas — 1. Disinfecting, Le- 
 doven's, see Ledoyen's disinfecting liquid. 
 
 iilQUIDAMBAR ASPLEXIFOLIA, Compto- 
 nia asplenifolia — 1. Officinalis, see Styrax — 1. Pe- 
 regrina, Comptonia asplenifolia. 
 
 Liquidam'bar StyrACIF'lua, Liquidam'brn, 
 Sweet gum, ^Yllite gum. Ord. BalsamineEe. The 
 name of the tree ■which affords the Liquid amber 
 and Storax liquida, Styrax liqiiida or Liquid 
 storax. Liquid amber is a resinous juice of a 
 yellow colour, inclining to red ; at first of about 
 the consistence of turpentine; by age, harden- 
 ing into a solid, brittle mass. It is not used 
 medicinally. 
 
 Styrax Liquida is obtained from this plant by 
 boiling. There are two sorts, — one more pure 
 than the other. It is used occasionally, as a 
 stomachic, in the form of plaster. 
 
 LIQUIDS A3INI0TIQUE, Liquor Amnii—?. 
 Cephalo-rachidienne, Cephalo-spinal fluid. 
 
 LIQUIDUM NERYEUM, Nervous fluid. 
 
 LIQUIRITIA, Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 LIQUOR, {liqueo, 'I am \\i\Viidi,') Liqua'men, 
 Hygron, Hy'grotes, (F.) Liqueur. A name given 
 to many compound liquids, and especially to 
 those the bases of which are water and alcohol. 
 
 Liquor Acirus Halleri, Elixir ar.idum Hal- 
 leri — 1. ^thereus. Ether — 1. ^thereus sulphu- 
 ricus, Spiritus retheris sulphurici. 
 
 Liquor Alu'minis Compos'itus, Aqua alu'mi- 
 nis compjos'ita seu alumino'sa Batea'na, Bates's 
 nlum water, Compound solu'tion of Alum, (F.) 
 Liquetir d'alumine composee. (Aluminis, zinci 
 snlphat. sing, ^ss, aqua fervent. Oij. Dissolve 
 and filter through paper.) Detergent and stimu- 
 lant. Used as a collyrium, 'when properly di- 
 luted, in ophthalmia; as an injection in gleet, 
 leucorrhoea, &c. 
 
 Liquor ex Ammonia et Oleo Succini, Spiritus 
 ammonias succinatus 
 
 Liquor Ammo'si^e, L. ammonim purcs, Al'cali 
 ammoni'acum fu'idum, Ammo'nia liq'nida seu 
 caus'tica liquida seu pura liquida, Lixiv'ium 
 ammoniaca'le, Spiritus sails ammoniaci aquo'sus, 
 Aqua ammonice seu ammonia; caus'tica. Liquid 
 ammonia, Solution of ammonia, (F.) Ammoniaqne 
 liquide. Directed to be made in the Pharm. U. 
 S. from muriate of Ammonia, m fine powder: and 
 ij'me, each a pound; distilled icater a.'^mt; toater, 
 
LIQUOR 
 
 5 45 
 
 LIQUOR 
 
 tine fluid ounces. The water is employed to slake 
 the lime ; this is mixed T?ith the muriate of am- 
 monia and put into a glass retort in a sand-bath. 
 Heat is applied so as to drive off the ammonia, 
 which is made to pass into a quart bottle contain- 
 ing the distilled water. To every ounce of the 
 product three and a half fluidrachms of distilled 
 water are added, or as much as may be necessary 
 to raise its s. g. to 0-96. This Liquor Ammonise 
 may also be made by mixing one part of liquor 
 ammonia fortior with two parts of distilled water. 
 (Ph. U. S. 1842.) Its s. g. is 0-960. Liquoe 
 Ammonia fortior, Stronger solution of ammo- 
 ma (Ph. U. S.) is an aqueous solution of ammonia 
 of the s. g. 0-882. Liquor ammonise is stimulant, 
 antacid, and rubefacient. Dose, gtt. x to xx, in 
 water or milk. 
 
 Liquor Ammonij5 Aceta'tis, Al'cali ammoni'- 
 acum aceta'tum, A. volat'ile aceta'tum, Aqua 
 ueeta'tis ammo'nicB seu ammo' nice aceta'tce, Solu- 
 tion of acetate of ammonia, Ace'tas ammonia, 
 Spirit of 3Iindere'ru8, Sal ammoni'acum vegetab'- 
 ile, Spir'itus ophthal'micns Blindere' ri , Sal aceto'- 
 si(» ammoniaca'lis. {Acid, acetic, dilut. Oij, Am- 
 iiioH. earbonat. in pulv. Add the salt to the acid 
 until it is saturated. Ph. U. S. 1851.) A sudorific; 
 bxternalhj, cooling. Dose, f J^'j to f^iss. 
 
 Liquor Ammonia Sesquicaebonatis, Liquor 
 Ammonise Subcarbonatis. 
 
 Liquor AjiiionijE Citra'tis, Solution of Citrate 
 of Ammonia. This preparation is oflBeinal in the 
 Dublin Pharmacopoeia. It is made by saturating 
 a solution of citric acid with sesquicarbonate of 
 ammonia. It is given in cases of adynamic fever. 
 
 Liquor Amjionijb Subcarbona'tis, Liquor 
 Ammoniob Sesquicarbona'tis, Solu'tio subcarbona- 
 tis ammonim, Aqua carbonatis ammonia, Solution 
 of subcarbonate of ammonia, Water of car'bonate 
 of ammonia. (AmmonicB carbon, ^iv, aqua des- 
 tillat. Oj. Dissolve and filter through paper.) 
 Use; — the same as that of the carbonate of am- 
 moniae. 
 
 Liquor Ammonii Hydrothiodis, Ammonise 
 sulphuretum — 1. Ammonii vinosus, Spiritus am- 
 monise. 
 
 Liquor Am'nii, Aqua amnii. The liquor of the 
 amnios. (E.) Ea.uou Liqueur de I' amnios, Li quid e 
 amniotique. The fluid exhaled by the amnios, 
 and which envelops the foetus during the whole 
 period of utero-gestation. It is often simply 
 called the tcaters, (F.) Lcs Eoux, Its relative 
 quantity diminishes as pregnancy advances, al- 
 though its absolute quantity continues to increase 
 till the period of delivery. In some women, only 
 five or six ounces are met with : in others, it 
 amounts to pints. It is limpid, 3'ellowish, or 
 whitish : exhales a faint smell, and has a slightly 
 saline taste. It contains water in considerable 
 quantity; albumen; chloride of sodium; phos- 
 phate of lime; an alkaline substance ; and a par- 
 ticular acid. It facilitates the dilatation of the 
 uterus, and aids delivery by acting as a soft 
 wedge enclosed in its membranes, Bag of loaters, 
 Poche des Eaux, &c. It is probably inserviont to 
 useful purposes in the nutrition of the foetus. 
 
 Liquor Amnii, False. The fluid contained 
 between the amnion and chorion in the early 
 periods of foetal existence. 
 
 Liquor, Anodyne, Hoffmann's, Spiritus a^the- 
 ris sulphurici compositus — 1. Anodynus martialis, 
 Alcohol sulpburico-sethereus ferri. 
 
 Liquor Anod'ynus Terebinthina'tus. A for- 
 mula prescribed by Rademacher in cases of gall- 
 stone, and of obstructions and indurations of the 
 liver and spleen. It was composed of Hoffmann's 
 anodyne liquor ^j ; rectified oil of turpentine Qij. 
 Dose, 5 to 10 drops. It resembles the Remede de 
 Duronde, Mixture lithontriptique de Durand, M. 
 de Whitt, Etherole d'essence de tCribenthine, which 
 35 
 
 is formed of Sulphuric ether, 30 parts ; Essence 
 of turpentine, 15 parts. It is used in the same 
 cases. 
 
 Liquor Arsenica'lis, L. Potas'scB arseni'tin 
 (Ph. U. S.), Solu'tio arsenicaiis seu arsenica'ta sei 
 arseni'tis kal'icce, Arsen'ical solution, Min'eral 
 solvent, Ar'senis potas'sa liq'uidus seu ^jo/osst 
 aquo'sus, Foicler's solution of arsenic, Solvent 
 minera'le, Ital'ian poison, Acqua seu Aqv.a Toffa'- 
 nia, Acqun della Toffana, A. di Napoli, Acquet'- 
 ta [.^], Tasteless ague drop, (F.) Liqueur arseni- 
 cale. (Acid. Arsenios. in frustulis, pjot'issa car- 
 bonatis pur., sing. gr. Ixiv., aqua destillat. q. s. 
 Boil together the arsenious acid and carbonate 
 of potassa with twelve fiuidounces of distilled 
 water, in a glass vessel, until the arsenic is dis- 
 solved. When the solution is cold, add Spirit, 
 lavand. c. f^'^'; '^'^'^ '•s much distilled water as 
 will make the whole one pint. Ph. U. S.) f^j 
 contains gr. ss of the arsenious acid. Dose, gtt. x. 
 
 For Pearson's Solution, see Arseniate of Soda. 
 
 Liquor Arsenici CBLo'Rivii,Solution of Chloi-ide 
 of Arsenic, of the London Pharmacopoeia of 1851, 
 is made by boiling Arsenious acid ^ss, in hydro- 
 chloric acid fgiss (Imp. meas.). mixed with <a 
 fluidounce of distilled icater, until it is dissolved : 
 then adding icater to make the quantity a pint 
 (Imp. meas.) Each fluidounce contains a grain 
 and a half of arsenious acid, or an equivalent 
 quantity of terchloride. Properties the same as 
 those of Liquor Arsenicaiis. It is a substitute for, 
 and imitation of De Valangin's Arsenical Solu- 
 tion, Solu'tio solven'tis minera'lis, much used by 
 many British practitioners. Dose, gtt. v-x. 
 
 Liquor Arsenici et IIydrargyp.i Iodidi, see 
 Arsenic and Mercury, iodide of — 1. Barii chloridi. 
 Baryta, muriate of, solution of — 1. Bellosti, L. 
 Hydrargyri nitrici — 1. Calcii chloridi, see Calcis 
 murias. 
 
 Liquor Calcis, Solu'tio calcis. Aqua caleis 
 seu benedic'ta seu Calca'ricB ustm, Calca'ria pura. 
 liq'nida. Solution of Lime, Lime Water, (F.) 
 Eau de chaux. ( Calcis ^iv., aq. destill. cong. Pour 
 the water on the lime, and stir. Let it stand in 
 a covered vessel three hours ; bottle the lime and 
 water in stopped bottles, and use the clear solu- 
 tion.) It is astringent, tonic, and antacid; and 
 is used in diarrhoea, diabetes, heartburn, &o., and 
 as a lotion to foul and cancerous ulcers, Ac. 
 Dose, f^ij to Oss, in milk. 
 
 Liquor Calcis Chlorina't^, Solution of Chlo'- 
 rinated Lime (Ph. D.), is made by triturating 
 half a pound of chlorinated lime with half a gal- 
 lon of water; shaking the mixture; filtering, and 
 keeping in a well-stopped bottle. Used in the 
 same cases as chlorinated lime. Dose, f^ss to f ^j- 
 
 Liquor Calcis Compos'itus. Aqua Calcis com- 
 pos'ita seu benedic'ta compos'ita. Compound lime 
 water. (F.) Eau de chaux compose. {Lign. 
 guoiac. ras. Ibss, rc(d. glycyrrh. ^j, cort. sassafras, 
 5ss; semin. coriand. ^ij, liquor calcis, Ovj. Ma- 
 cerate for two days, and filter.) It is stimulant, 
 diaphoretic, and astringent, and is used in cuta- 
 neous affections. 
 
 Liquor Calcis Muriatis, see Calcis murias — 
 1. Cereris, Cerevisia — 1. Chloreti natri, L. sodae 
 chlorinata" — 1. Chlorini, see Chlorine — 1. Chloru- 
 reti natri, L. Sodse chlorinataj — 1. Chlorureti sodse, 
 L. sodas chlorinatas. 
 
 Liquor Chyli, see Chyle. 
 
 Liquor Cupri Ammonia'ti, Liquor Cupri am- 
 monio-sulpha'tis. Aqua seu solu'tio cupri ammo- 
 nia'ti seu sapphari'na, Blue eyewater, Solution 
 of ammoniated copper; (F. ) Liqueur ou Eau de 
 cuivre ammoniacal. (Oupri ammoniat. ^^j. aqum 
 destill. Oj. Dissolve and filter the solution through 
 paper. Ph. L.) Corrosive and detergent. Used 
 externally to foul uloers ; and diluted with au 
 equal part of distilled water, it is applied by means 
 
LIQUOR 
 
 546 
 
 LIQUOR 
 
 A a hair pencil to specks and filoas on the 
 eye. 
 
 LiQuon CoPRi Ammonio-Sulphatis, Liquor 
 Cupri ammoniati. 
 
 Liquor Cupri Sulpha'tis Compos'itus, Aqua 
 cupri vitnola'ti cnmposita. {Capri sulphat., alu- 
 mln. sulphat. aa ,^iij, aqufp jwra Oij., acid snlph. 
 rjij. Boil the salts in the water until they are 
 dissolved ; then filter the liquor, and add the acid.) 
 Used as an astringent in epistaxis, &c. It was 
 also called Aqua- Styp'ticn. 
 
 Liquor Cyreniacus, Benjamin — 1. Entericus, 
 iSuccus entericus — 1. Excitans, Spiritus aramonise 
 succinatus. 
 
 Liquor Ferri Alkali'xi, Solution of Alkaline 
 Iron, (F.) Liqueur de fer alvnline. {Ferri Jiiss, 
 acid, nitric, ^ij, aqum destiUat. f^vj. liq. potass, 
 snhcarh. f,^vj. To the acid and water mixed, 
 add the iron ; and, after the effervescence, add 
 the clear solution, pji-adually, to the Uq. potassa 
 suhcarb. ; shaking it occasionally till it assumes 
 a deep hrown-red colour, and the effervescence 
 stops. After six hours' settling, pour off the clear 
 solution. Ph. L.) It is tonic like other prepa- 
 rations of iron. Dose, f^ss to f _^iss. 
 
 Liquor Ferri Io'didi, Solution of Iodide of 
 Iron, Si/r'upu8 Ferri io'didi, Syrup of I'odide of 
 Iron. {lodin. ^ij. Ferri rament. ^^j, Sacchar. 
 pulv. ^x\}, AqucB destillnt. q. s. Mix the iodine 
 with f^x of the distilled water, in a porcelain or 
 .glass vessel, and gradually add the iron filings, 
 constantly stirring. Heat the mixture gently 
 until the liquor acquires a light greenish colour; 
 then, having added the sugar, continue the heat 
 a short time, and filter. Lastly, pour distilled 
 water upon the filter, and allow it to pass until 
 the whole of the filtered liquor measures twenty 
 fluidounces. Keep the solution in closely stopped 
 bottles.— Ph. U. S.) Dose, 20 or 30 drops. 
 
 Liquor Ferri Muriatis, Tinctura ferri mu- 
 riatis. 
 
 Liquor Ferri Nitra'tts, L. Ferri Sesquini- 
 tra'tis seu temitra'tis, Solu'tio Ferri nitrn'tis. 
 Solution of nitrate, of ternitrate of sesquioxide, 
 or of sesquinitrate of iron, has been recommended 
 in chronic diarrhoea and dysentery. Its virtues 
 exactly resemble those of chloride of iron. It is 
 prepared as follows : — Ferri fili, incis. 5J. Acid, 
 nitric, f .^iiji Aq. destiUat. q. s. Mix the acid and 
 ft pint of distilled water, until gas ceases to be 
 jjiven off; filter, and add distilled water to make 
 fjxxx.— Ph. U. S.) Dose, 10 to 20 drops. 
 
 Liquor Follicui.t, see Folliculi Graafian!. 
 
 Liquor Fumans Bori,'n, Sulphnre'tnm Ammo'- 
 nicB Hydrogena'tum. Hydrnsnlphure' turn, Ammo- 
 nia'., Tinetu'ra Sul'phuris Volat'ilis, Aqua Sul- 
 phure'ti Ammonice. Boyle's Fuming liquor, (F.) 
 Ijiqueur fumanto do Boyle. It is possessed of 
 nauseating and emetic properties, and has been 
 given in diabetes and diseases of excitement as a 
 deoxygen izer ! 
 
 Liquor, Fuming, Boyle's, Liquor fumans Boy- 
 lii — 1. Fuming, of Libavius, Tin, muriate of — 1. 
 Genital, Sperm — 1. of Hartshorn, volatile. Liquor 
 volatilis cornu cervi — 1. Hydrargyri Blehloridi, 
 Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis — 1. Hydrargyri 
 chloridi corrosivi, L. hydrargyri oxymuriatis — 
 1. Hydrargyri et arsenici iodidi, see Arsenic and 
 Mercury, iodide of. 
 
 Liquor Hydrar'gyri Nitrici, L. Bellosti, (F.) 
 Eau mereurielle ou contre la gangrene, lieniede 
 da Due d'Antin, R. du. Capucin, {Hydrarg. 120 
 p., acid nitr. (33°,) 150 p. Dissolve, and add to 
 the solution rf/s<i7fc(Z iooife?', 900 p. Ph. P.) Dose, 
 two or three drops in a glass of water. Not much 
 used. 
 
 Liquor Hybrar'gyri Oxymuria'tis, L. Hy- 
 drar'gyri Chlo'ridi corrosi'vi seu Hydrar'gyri 
 iichlo'ridi, Solu'tion of Oxymu'riate of llercury, 
 
 Liquor Suiietenis seu Syphilit'icus Turneri, Mu'- 
 rias hydrargyri spirituo'aus liq'uidus, Solutio 
 Mnria'tis hydrar'gyri oxygenati, Liquor or Solu- 
 tion of Corro'sive Sub'limate or of Van Swieten. 
 {Hyd. oxym., ammon. muriat. aa gr. x, aqi,a de- 
 still. Oj, (Imp. meas.) Dissolve in the water and 
 add the spirit. Ph. P.) Dose, fjss, or f_^j. 
 
 Norton's Drops, Green's Drops, and Solomon's 
 Anti-Impetig" enes — all nostrums— seem to be dis- 
 guised solutions of Corrosive Sublimate. 
 
 Liquor Hydrargyri Pernitratis, see Hy- 
 drargyri nitras — 1. Hydrargyri Supernitratis, see 
 Hydrargyri nitras — 1. Hydriodatis Arsenici et 
 Hydrargyri, Arsenic and mercury, iodide of — 1. 
 Intestinalis, Succus entericus. 
 
 Liquor Io'dini Compos'itus, (Ph. U. S. 1842,) 
 L. lodin'ii compos'itus, (Ph. U. S. 1851,) Solu'tio 
 Potas'sii Io'didi Indure'ta, Compound Solution 
 of Iodine, Lugol's Solution. {lodin. ^vj. Potass, 
 iodid. ,^iss. Aquce destillat. Oj. Dissolve the 
 iodine and iodide of potassium in the water. — Ph. 
 U. S.) Dose, gtt. vj, ad xij, in sugared water. 
 
 Liquor Lithargyri Subacetatis, L. plumbi 
 subacetatis — 1. Lithargyri subacetatis compositus, 
 Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus. 
 
 Liquor Lymph^e, see Lymph. 
 
 Liquor ok Monro, Solution of Monro. A so- 
 lution, used by Monro for the preservation of 
 anatomical preparations. It was composed of 
 alcohol at 22° or 24°, with a drachm of nitric 
 acid to each pint. 
 
 Liquor Morgagn'ii. The small quantity of 
 fluid contained within the capsule of the crystal- 
 line lens. 
 
 Liquor MoRPn'ijE Aceta'tis, Solution of Ace- 
 tate of 3Iorphia, An'odyne Drops. {Acetate of 
 morphia, ^iv, distilled lonter, Oj. (Imp. meas.), 
 Spirit, tenuior. Oss, (Imp. meas.) Ph. L.), acetic 
 acid, TT^^xv. Dose, from six to twenty-four drops. 
 
 Liquor Mor'phi^e Muria'tis, Solution of Mu'- 
 riate of Morph'ia. {llorphim muriat. ^Y7, aq. 
 destillat. Oj. (Imp. meas.) Sp. tenuior, Oss. (Imp. 
 meas.) Ph. L.) Dose, from 6 to 20 mimims. 
 
 Liquor Mor'phi^ Sulpha'tis, Solution of Sul- 
 phate of 3Iorphia. {3for])hioB sulphat. gr. viij, 
 aqucB destillat. Oss. Dissolve the sulphate of 
 morphia in the water. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, f ^j to 
 f ^ij — containing from an eighth to a quarter of a 
 grain. 
 
 Liquor Muci, see Mucus — 1. Natri Oxymuria- 
 tici, L. Sodfe chlorinatje — 1. Nervinus Bangii, 
 Tinctura aetherea camphorata — 1. Oleosus Sylvii, 
 Spiritus ammonise aromaticus — 1. Opii sedativus, 
 (Haden's,) see Tinctura opii. 
 
 Liquor Opii Sedati'vus. An empirical pre- 
 paration by a London druggist of the name of 
 Battley. It is said to be an aqueous solution 
 of opium, evaporated to dryness to get rid of 
 the acid resin, re-dissolved in water, and a small 
 portion of alcohol added to give it permanence 
 — Redwood. It is devoid of many of the narcotic 
 effects of opium. 
 
 Liquor Ovi Albus, Albumen ovi — 1. Pancrea- 
 ticus, see Pancreas • — 1. Pericardii, see Pericar- 
 dium — 1. Plumbi acetatis, L. P. subacetatis — 1. 
 Plumbi diacetatis, Liquor Plumbi subacetatis. 
 
 Liquor Plumbi Subaceta'tis, L. Subacetatis 
 Lithar'gyri seu Plumbi Aceta'tis seu Plumbi 
 Diaceta'tis, Goulard's Extrac'tum Satur'ni, Li- 
 thar'gyri Ace'tum, Ace'tum. plum'bicum seu safur- 
 ni'num, Solutioji of Subacetate of Lead, (F.) 
 Liqueur de sous-acetate de Plomb. {Plumb, acet. 
 5xvj, Plumb, oxid. semivitr. in pulv. subtil, 
 ^ixss, fT^. destillat. Oiv. Boil together in a glass 
 or porcelain vessel, for half an hour, occasionally 
 adding distilled water, so as to preserve the mea- 
 sure. Filter through paper, and keep the solu- 
 tion in closely-stopped bottles. — Ph. U. S.) It is 
 
LIQUOR 
 
 547 
 
 LISTS 
 
 used externally as a cooling astringent, and dis- 
 cutient, when diluted with distilled water. 
 
 Liquor Plujibi Sctbaceta'tis Dilo'tus, L. 
 Siibaceta'tis Lithar'gyri Comjios'itus, L, Plumhi 
 aceta'tis dilu'tus, L. Plumhi Diaceta'tis dtlu'tus, 
 Ace'tas Pliimbi diht'tivn alcohol' icum, Diluted So- 
 lii'tion of Suhac"etate of Lead, Aqua Saturni seu 
 veg"eto-minera'lis seu Plumhi seu Goular'di 
 seu Lithar'gijri Aceta'ti compos'ita, Tinetu'ra 
 j)himho'sa, Lead water, Goulard icater, (F.) Eau 
 blanche, Eau de Goulard, Eau vegeto-minerale. 
 White Wash, Royal Preventive. {Liq. plumhi 
 subacet. f.^ij, aquae destillat. Oj. Ph. U. S.) 
 Properties the same as the last, but feebler. 
 
 LiQUOE PoTAs's^, Aqua Potas'scB seu Kali 
 Caust'ici seu Kali puri. Solution of Potash or of 
 Potassa, Lixiv'tutn magistra'le seu Sapona'rium., 
 Soap Lees, Soap Ley, Lixiv'ium cau'sficum, Po- 
 tas'sa liq'uida, (F.) Eau, solution ou liqueur de 
 Potanse, Potasse liquide, Lessive dea Savonniers. 
 (PofasscB carb. Ibj, ealcis. tbss, aqua desfill. fer- 
 vent, congium. Dissolve the alkali in Oij of the 
 water, and add the remainder of the lime. Mix 
 the whole : set aside in a close vessel, and, when 
 cold, filter through calico.) It is antilithic in 
 cases of uric acid calculi, and antacid. Extern- 
 ally, stimulant and frscharotic. Dose, gtt. x 
 
 to XX. 
 
 Liquor Potass^ Arsenitis, L. arsenicalis — 
 1. Potassse Carbonatis, L. P. Subcarbonatis. 
 
 Liquor Potass.e Citra'tis, Solution of Citrate 
 of Potassa, Neutral Mixture, Saline Mixture. 
 (Succ. Limon. Oss, Potass. Bicarbonat. q. s.) sa- 
 turate by the carbonate of potassa, and filter; or, 
 Acid. Citric. ,^S3 ; 01. Limon. Xf\^. ij ,• AquoB Oss, 
 Potass. Bicarbonat. q. s. ; dissolve, saturate by 
 the carbonate of potassa, and filter. Ph. U. S.) 
 Used in fever, but probably of little or no efficacy. 
 
 Liquor Potass^ Subcarbona'tis, L. Potassa 
 Carbonatis (Ph. U. S.), Aqua Kali seu Kali proB- 
 parati seu Subcarbonatis Kali, O'leum Tar'tari 
 per deliq' uium, Lixiv'ium Tartari, Oil of Tartar, 
 Saline oil of Tartar, Solu'tion of Subcar'bonate 
 of Potassa, (F.) L-iqueur de sous-carbonate de Po- 
 tasse, Lessive de Tartre, Huile de Tartre par de- 
 faillance. {Potass, subcar. ibj, aqucB destillat. 
 fgxij. Dissolve and filter. Ph. U. S.) Dose, 
 
 gtt. X to XXX. 
 
 Liquor Potassh Iodidi Compos'itus. Com- 
 pound Solution of Iodide of Potassium. (Poias- 
 sii iodid. gr. x, lodin. gr. v, aqnm destillat. Oj. 
 (Imp. meas.) Ph. L.) Dose, f^j. 
 
 Liquor, Propagatort, Sperm — 1. Prostaticus, 
 Prostatic liquor, see Prostate — 1. Puris, ses Pu*. 
 
 Liquor Sang'uinis. Blood liquor, (P.) Liqueur 
 du Sang. A term given by Dr. B. Babington to one 
 of the constituents of the blood, the other being 
 the red particles. It is the HcBmatoplas'ma, the 
 Plasma, of Schultz, Lymph, Coagulahle or plastic 
 Lymph, the Mucago or Mucilage of Harvey, Hew- 
 son and others, and the intercellxdar fluid of Leh- 
 mann, (P.) Lymphe plastique ou coagulahle, Sue 
 nourricier, and is the effused material from which 
 the cells obtain the constituents of the difi"erent 
 tissues and secretions. See Blood. 
 
 Liquor op Scarpa, Vitrine auditive. 
 
 Liquor Sem'inis. The homogeneous, transpa- 
 rent fluid, in which the spermatozoids and semi- 
 nal granules are contained. See Sperm. 
 
 Liquor Sod^, L. Soda Causticm, Solu'tion of 
 Soda, Solu'tion of Caustic Soda. (Prepared, lilie 
 Liquor Potassse, from Carbonate of Soda.) 
 
 Liquor Sod^ Carbona'tis, Solution of Car- 
 honate of Soda. {Sodas carbon. ,^iss, (avoirdu- 
 pois); Aquae destillat. Oj. (Imp. meas.) Ph. D.) 
 Dose, as an antacid, one to two tablespoonfuls, 
 diluted with water. . 
 
 Liquor Sod^ Chloridi, L. sod» chlorinatae. 
 
 Liquor Sod^ Chlorina't^, L. sodae chlo'ridi 
 
 seu sodaB oxymuriat'icoB seu chlore'ti natri sen cMo-, 
 rureti natri sen chloreti sodcB seu chlorure'tiaodm, 
 seu natri oxymuriat'ici, Natrum chlora'tum lif~ 
 uidum. Aqua natri oxymuriat'ici, Labarraque'a 
 Disinfecting Liquid, Solution of Chlorinated 
 Soda. {Calcis Chlorinat. Ibj; SodcB Carhonat. 
 ibj ; Aqua cong. iss. Dissolve the carbonate of 
 soda in three pints of the water, with the aid of 
 heat. To the remainder of the water add, by 
 small portions at a time, the chlorinated lime, 
 previously well triturated, stirring the mixture 
 after each addition. Set the mixture by for se- 
 veral hours, that the dregs may subside; decant 
 the clear liquid, and mix it with the solution of 
 carbonate of soda. Lastly, decant the clear li- 
 quor from the precipitated carbonate of lime, pass 
 it through a linen cloth, and keep it in bottles 
 secluded from the light. — Ph. U. S.) Used in the 
 same cases as the chloride of lime. Internally, 
 10 drops to a fluidrachm, for a dose. Diluted 
 with water, it is an excitant and disinfectant in 
 various niorbi externi. 
 
 Liquor SodtE Effervescens, Acidulous wa- 
 ter, simple — 1. Sodae Oxymuriaticse, L. sodae 
 chlorinatfB — 1. Stypticus Ruspini, Styptic, Ruspi- 
 ni's — 1. Sulphuricus Alcoolisatus, Spiritus Ktheris 
 sulphurici — 1. Swietenis, L. hydrargyri oxymu- 
 riatis — 1. Syphiliticus Turneri, L. hydrargyri 
 oxymuriatis — 1. Tartari emetiei, Vinum antimonii 
 tartarizati — 1. of Van Swieten, L. hydrargyri 
 oxymuriatis. 
 
 Liquor Volat'ilis Corjiu Cervi, L. volat'ih'a 
 Cornu Cervi'ni, L. volat'ilis os'sium, Vol'atUe 
 Liquor of Hartshorn, Spir'itus Lumhrico'rum seu 
 Millepeda'rum seu Cornu Cervi, Hartshorn, Spirit 
 of Hartshorn, Bone Spirit, (F.) Liqueur volatile 
 de Come de cerf. This is a solution of subcar- 
 bonate of ammonia, impregnated with empyreu- 
 matic oil. It possesses the same virtues as the 
 subcarbonate of ammonia. It is in common use 
 to smell at, in faintings, &c. 
 
 Liquor Volatilis Ossiusr, L. volatilis cornu 
 cervi — 1. Zinci Chloridi, see Burnett's Disinfect- 
 ing Liquid. 
 
 Liquor Zinci Sulpha'tis cum Camph'orI, 
 Aqua Zinci vitriola'ti cum Oamphord seu vi- 
 triol'ica camphorn'ta seu ophthal'mica, Common 
 Eye Water. {Zinci sulph. ^ss, camphor, ^ij, 
 aq. hullient. Oij ; dissolve and filter.) Used as a 
 lotion for ulcers ; or, diluted with water, as a col- 
 lyrium. 
 
 LIQUORICE. Glycyrrhiza — 1. Bush, Abrus 
 precatorius — 1. Juice, see Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 Liquorice, Refined, E.xtractum glycyrrhiza 
 — 1. Spanish, see Glycyrrhiza — 1. Wild, Aralia 
 nudicaulis, Galium circsezans. 
 
 LIQUORITIA, Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 LIRIODEN'DRON, from Xipiov, ' lily or tulip,' 
 and Sev^pov, 'tree.' L. tulipif'era, TuMpif'era 
 Lirioden'dron, Old loife's shirt. Tulip or Poplar 
 Tree, Tulip-hearing or American Poplar, White 
 Wood, Cypress Tree, (New England,) (F.) Tuli- 
 pier. The bark — Liriodendron (Ph. U. S.) — 
 especially of the root, of this noble forest tree, 
 which is indigenous in the United States, is a 
 strong aromatic bitter, and has been employed 
 advantageously as a tonic. An active principle 
 was separated from it by Professor J. P. Emmet 
 of the University of Virginia, and has been called 
 Lirioden' drin. It is not used in medicine. 
 
 LIS BLANC, Lilium candidum — I. Asphodels, 
 Asphodelus ramosus — I. dee Etangs, Nymphaea 
 alba. 
 
 LISERON, GRAND, Convolvulus sepium — 
 I. des Raies, Convolvulus sepium — I. Mechameek, 
 Convolvulus panduratus. 
 
 LISK, Inguen. 
 
 LISTS, Flanks. 
 
LISTON'S ISINGLASS PLASTER 5i8 
 
 LITHOTHRYPSIS 
 
 LISTON'S ISINGLASS PLASTER, see Spa- 
 radrapum adhaesivum. 
 
 LITE, AiTj;. A plaster, formerly made of ver- 
 digris, vpax, and resin. — Galen. 
 
 LITHAGOGEGTASIA, Lithectasy. 
 LITHAGO'GUM, from ^lOo;, 'a stone,' and 
 oyiri, 'I expel.' A remedy which was supposed 
 to possess the power of expelling calculi. Also, 
 a lithotomy forceps. 
 
 LITHAiSITHRAX, Carbo fossilis. 
 LITHANTHROKOKALI, Anthrakokali. 
 LITHARGE, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum — 1. 
 of Gold, see Plumbi oxydum semivitreum — 1. of 
 Silver, see Plumbi oxydum semivitreum. 
 
 LITHARGYRI ACETUM, Liquor plumbi sub- 
 acetatis. 
 
 LITHARGTRUM, Plumbi oxydum semivi- 
 treum. 
 
 LITHARGTRUS, Plumbi oxydum semivi- 
 treum. 
 
 LITHAS, Urate. 
 
 LITHATE, Urate— 1. of Soda, Urate of soda. 
 LITHECTASY, Lithecta'sia, Lithagnrjeeta'sia, 
 Lithodecta' sia, from Xido;, ' a stone,' and ektoctis, 
 * dilatation ;' Cystec'tasy. An operation which 
 consists in extracting stone from the bladder by 
 dilating the neck of the organ, after making an 
 incision in the perineum, and opening the mem- 
 branous portion of the urethra. 
 
 LITH'IA, Lrthi'asis, LitJiogen'ia, Uri'asis, 
 Urolithiasis, Cachex'ia calculo'sa, Cdlcu'li 3Ior- 
 hus, Lapilla'tio, Genera'tio cal'cuU, from XiSof, 'a 
 stone.' The formation of stone, gravel, or con- 
 cretions in the human body. Also, an affection 
 in which the eyelids are edged with small, hard, 
 and stone-like concretions. 
 
 Lith'ia, Car'bonatk of, Lith'im Car'bonas, 
 Lith'ium Carbon'ieum, (F.) Carbonate de Lithine. 
 A salt found in certain mineral waters, which 
 liave been serviceable in lithuria. Hence, it has 
 been suggested in that morbid condition. 
 
 LiTHiA Renalis Arenosa, Gravel— 1. Renalis, 
 Nephrolithiasis — 1. Vesicalis, Calculi, vesical. 
 LITHIA CARBONAS, Lithia, carbonate of. 
 LITHIASIS, Lithia— L Cystica, Calculi, ve- 
 eical — 1. Nephritica, Gravel, Nephrolithiasis. 
 
 Lithi'asis Pulmo'num, Pidmo'nes tnrtariza'ti. 
 The formation of concretions in the lungs, occa- 
 sioning at times Litho-phthi' siSfPJit.Msis ealculo' sa, 
 Phthisie calculeuse,- of Bayle. 
 
 LiTHiASis Renalis Arenosa, Gravel — 1. Re- 
 nalis, Nephrolithiasis — 1. Vesicalis, Calculi, ve- 
 sical. 
 
 LITHIC, Lith'icus. Belonging to lithie or 
 uric acid, or to stone : hence Lithia Diaih'esis. 
 Also, an antilithic. 
 
 LiTHic Acid, Uric acid — 1. Acid diathesis, Li- 
 thuria — 1. Diathesis, Lithuria— 1. Sediments, see 
 Lithuria. 
 
 LITHINE, CARBONATE DE, Lithia, car- 
 bonate of. 
 
 LITHIUM CARBONICUM, Lithia, carbon- 
 ate of. 
 
 LITHIURIA, Lithuria. 
 LITHOCENOSIS, Lithotrity. 
 LITHOCYSTOTOMY, Lithotomy. 
 LITHOCLAST, see Lithotrity. 
 LITHOCLASTIA, Lithotrity. 
 LITHODECTASTA, Lithectasy. 
 LITHODIAL'YSIS, from AtSof, 'a stone,' and 
 iioKvui, 'to dissolve.' The dissolving of a stone 
 in the bladder. 
 
 LITHODRAS'SIC, Lithodras'sicus, (F.) Litho- 
 drassique, from )nQog, 'a stone,' and Spaacrsiv, 'to 
 seize hold of.' An epithet given to a form of 
 stone forceps — Pinee lithodrassique — used in the 
 operation of lithotrity, by MM. Meirieu and 
 Tanchou. 
 LITHOGENIA, Lithia. 
 
 LITHOID, Litho'des, Litho'i'des; from Xt9os, 
 'stone,' and tiioj, 'resemblance.' Of the nature 
 of stone, or resembling stone : as 
 
 LITHOiDES OS, see Temporal bone. 
 LITHOLABE (F.), Lithol'abum, from AifJof, 
 'a stone,' and Xa/So), Xa^l^avu, 'I seize hold of.' 
 An instrument, employed for laying hold of a 
 stone in the bladder, and keeping it fixed, so that 
 lithotritic instruments can act upon it. 
 LITHOLABON, Forceps, (Lithotomy.) 
 LITHOL'ABUM, from Ai9os, 'a stone,' and 
 Xa///3avw, 'I seize.' An instrument concerned in 
 extracting stone from the bladder. It had va- 
 rious shapes. — Fabricius ab Aquapendente, Hil- 
 danus. 
 
 LITH'OLYTE, from 'XiBos, 'a stone,' and \vu, 
 '1 dissolve.' An instrument, of the catheter 
 kind, for conveying solvents of calculi into the 
 bladder. 
 
 LITHOLYTIC, Lithontriptie. 
 
 LITHOME'TRA, from Xtdos, 'a stone,' and 
 unrpa, ' the uterus.' Osseous, or other concretions 
 of the uterus. 
 
 LITHONEPHRITIS, see Nephritis. 
 
 LITHONLYTIC, Lithontriptie. 
 
 LITHONTHRYPTIC, Lithontriptie. 
 
 LITHONTRIP'TIC, Lithontrip'ticus, Lithon- 
 th}-yp'tic, Litholyt'ic, Lithonlyt'ic, CcdcuUfragus, 
 Saxif'ragus, from XiOoj, 'a stone,' and diwnrw, 'I 
 break in pieces.' A remedy believed to be capa- 
 ble of dissolving calculi in the urinary passages. 
 There is not much reliance to be placed upon 
 such remedies. By antilithics, exhibited accord- 
 ing to the chemical character of the calculus (see 
 Calculi, urinary,) the disease may be prevented 
 from increasing ; but most of the vaunted lithon- 
 triptics for dissolving the calculus already formed 
 have been found unworthy of the high enco- 
 miums which have accompanied their intro- 
 duction. 
 
 LITHOP^'DION, Tn/ans lapid'eus, Osteopw'- 
 dion, from \l&os, 'a stone,' and Trais, -naiSos, 'a 
 child.' A foetus, petrified in the body of the 
 mother. 
 
 LITHOPH'AGUS, from Xi9os, 'a stone,' and 
 (payu), 'I eat.' A stone-eater. Cases are on re- 
 cord of persons who have swallowed stones for 
 purposes of exhibition. 
 
 LITHOPHTHISIS, see Calculi, pulmonary, 
 and Lithiasis pulmonum. 
 
 LITHOPRINIE, Lithotrity. 
 
 LITHOPIUONE, from 'KiBoi, 'a stone,' and 
 ■npiMf, 'a saw.' An instrument proposed by M. 
 Leroy for preventing the fragments of a calculus, 
 when subjected to lithotrity, from falling into the 
 bladder. It is a variety of litholabe. 
 
 LITHOPRISIE, Lithotrity. 
 
 LITHORINEUR, from XiBoi, 'a stone,' and 
 pivuv, 'to file.' An instrument, proposed by MM. 
 Meirieu and Tanchou for filing down calculi in 
 the bladder. 
 
 LITHOS, Calculus. 
 
 LITHOSPER'MUM OFFICINA'LE, MiViinn 
 Solis, JEgon'ychon, Gromwell, Bastard Al'lcanet, 
 Lt'ttle-ioale, (F.) Gremil ojficinal, Ilerbe aux Perles. 
 Ord. Boraginete. The se-eds of this plant were 
 formerly supposed, from their stony hardness, 
 [Xtiros, 'a stone,' and aircfiiia, 'seed,') to be effica- 
 cious in calculous affections. They have, also, 
 been considered diuretic. 
 
 LiTHOSPERMUM ViLLOSUM, Anchusa tinctoria. 
 
 LITHOTERE'THRUM, from XiBog, 'stone,' 
 and Tc(i£iv, 'to rub.' A lithotritor. 
 
 LITHOTHLIBIE (F.), from Xidos, 'stone,' and 
 SXijSu, 'I crush.' The crushing of a friable cal- 
 culus between a finger, passed by the rectum or 
 vagina as far as the bas-fond of the bladder, and 
 a catheter introduced into the bladder. 
 
 LITHOTHRYPSIS, Lithotrity. 
 
LITHOTHRYPTORS 
 
 549 
 
 LITHOTOMY 
 
 LITHOTHRYPTORS, see Lithotrity. 
 
 LITHOTOME, Lithot'omus, from li^o^, 'a 
 Btone,' Tciiv(j>, 'I cut,' and To/irj, 'an incision.' 
 This name lias been given to a number of instru- 
 ments of different shapes and sizes, which are 
 used in the operation for the stone, to cut the 
 neck or body of the bladder. They ought, with 
 more propriety, to be called Cystotomes. 
 
 The Lithotome Cache of Frere Come is the 
 most known, and is still occasionally used. It 
 is composed of a handle, and a flattened sheath, 
 slightly curved : in this there is a cutting blade, 
 which can be forced out, by pressing upon a has- 
 cule or lever, to any extent that may be wished 
 by the operator. 
 
 A Double Lithotome was used by Dupuytren 
 in his bilateral operation. See Lithotomy. 
 
 LITHOT'OMIST. Same etymon. Lithot'o- 
 mus. One who devotes himself entirely to ope- 
 rating for the stone. One who practises litho- 
 tomy. 
 
 LITHOT'OMY, Litliotom'ia, Cystotom'ia, Uro- 
 lithotoni'ia, Sectio vesica'lis, Lithocystot'omy. 
 Same etymon. (F.) Taille. The operation by 
 which a stone is extracted from the bladder. The 
 different methods, according to which this opera- 
 tion may be practised, are reducible to five prin- 
 cipal ; each of which has experienced numerous 
 modifications. 
 
 1. The Method of Cehus, Metli'oduR Celsia'na, 
 Cystotom'ia cum appara'tu parvo, Appara'tus 
 Minor, Cutting on the Gripe. This consisted in 
 cutting upon the stone, after having made it pro- 
 ject at the perinseum by means of the fingers 
 introduced into the rectum. This method was 
 attended with several inconveniences; such as 
 the difficulty of dividing the parts neatly, injury 
 done to the bladder, as well as the impossibility 
 of drawing down the stone in many persons. It 
 is sometimes, also, called Meth'odus Guytonia'na; 
 from Guy de Cliauliac having endeavoured to 
 remove from it the discredit into which it had 
 fallen in his time. It was termed Apparatus Mi- 
 nor, (F.) Le petit appareil, from the small num- 
 ber of instruments required in it. 
 
 2. Apparatus Major. This method was in- 
 vented, in 1520, by John de Romani, a surgeon 
 of Cremona, and communicated by him to Mari- 
 ano-Santo-di-Barletta, whence it was long called 
 Mariano's Method, Sec'tio Maria'na. It was 
 called, also. Apparatus ifajor, and Cystotom'ia 
 sen Meth'odus cum app>ara'tu magno, (F.) Le grand 
 appareil, from the number of instruments re- 
 quired in it. An incision was made on the me- 
 dian line; but the neck of the bladder was not 
 comprehended in it. It was merely dilated. The 
 greater apparatus was liable to many inconveni- 
 ences, such as ecchymoses; contusion; inflam- 
 mation of the neck of the bladder; alDscesses; 
 urinary fistulas; incontinence of urine; impo- 
 tence, (fee. 
 
 3. The High Operation, Apparatus alius, Cys- 
 totom'ia cum apjiaratu alto, C. Hypogas'trica, 
 Epi cystotom'ia, Laparoeystotom'ia, Sectio seu 
 Meth'odus Franconia'na, S. Hypogas'trica seu 
 alta, (F.) Haut appareil, Taille Hypogastrique, 
 Taille sus-pubienne, was first practised by Peter 
 Franco, about the middle of the 16th century. 
 It consisted in pushing the stone above the pubis 
 by the fingers introduced into the rectum. Rous- 
 set afterwards proposed to make the bladder rise 
 above the pubis by injecting it. The method had 
 fallen into discredit, when Frere Come revived it. 
 It is used when the calculus is very large. It 
 was practised by opening first the membranous 
 part of the urethra upon the catheter passed into 
 the canal. Through this incision, the Sonde ct 
 dard — a species of catheter, having a spear- 
 pointed stilet — was introduced into the bladder. 
 
 An incision was then made into the linea alba, 
 above the symphysis pubis, of about four or fiva 
 fingers' breadth, and the peritoneum detached 
 to avoid wounding it. The stilet was pushed 
 through the bladder, and used as a director for 
 the knife, with which the bladder was divided 
 anteriorly, as far as the neck ; and the stone ex- 
 tracted. It was performed in England by Dou- 
 glass, in 1719, and since by others, with various 
 modifications. 
 
 4. The Lat'eral Operation, Hypocysteotom'ia, 
 Cystotom'ia latera'lis, Cystauchenotom'ia, Cysto- 
 trachelotom'ia, Urethrocystauchenotom'ia, Ure- 
 throcysteotrachelolom'ia, Sec'tio latera'lis, Appa- 
 ra'tus latera'lis, (F.) Appareil lateralise, so 
 named from the prostate gland and neck of the 
 bladder being cut laterally, was probably in- 
 vented by Peter Franco. It was introduced into 
 France by Frere Jacques de Beaulieu. He per- 
 formed it with rude instruments, invented by 
 himself, and improved by the suggestions of some 
 of the Parisian surgeons. In England, it re- 
 ceived its earliest and most important improve- 
 ments from the celebrated Cheselden. It is the 
 method practised at the present day, according 
 to different modes of procedure. In this method, 
 the patient is placed upon a table ; his legs and 
 thighs are bent and separated; the hands being 
 tied to the feet. The perineum is then shaved, 
 and a staff is introduced into the bladder; the 
 handle being turned towards the right groin of 
 the patient. An oblique incision is now made 
 from the raphe to the middle of a line drawn 
 from the anus to the tuberosity of the ischium 
 of the left side; and, taking the staff for a guide, 
 the integuments, areolar tissue of the perinaeum, 
 membranous portion of the urethra, transversus 
 perinsei muscle, bulbo-cavernosus, some fibres of 
 the levator ani, the prostate and neck of the 
 bladder, are successively divided. For this latter 
 part of the operation, the knife, the beaked bis- 
 toury, Bistouri ou Lithotome Cache, cutting gor- 
 get, &e., is used, according to the particular pre- 
 ference. The forceps are now introduced into 
 the bladder, and the stone extracted. In the 
 operation, care must be taken not to injure the 
 rectum, or the great arterial vessels, distributed 
 to the perineeum. 
 
 A variety of the Lateral Apparatus, called by 
 the French Appareil lateral, consisted in cutting 
 into the has-fond of the bladder, without touch- 
 ing the neck of that organ ; but it was soon 
 abandoned, on account of its inconveniences. 
 
 The method of Le Cat and of Pajola — Urethro- 
 cysteo-aneurysmatotorn'ia — consists in dividing 
 the prostate in part only, — the enlargement 
 of the wound being effected by a peculiar 
 dilator. 
 
 The Bilat'eral Operation is founded on that of 
 Celsus. It consists in making an incision poste- 
 rior to the bulb of the urethra, and anterior to 
 the anus, involving both sides of the perinEeum 
 by crossing the raphe at right angles: an incision 
 is then made through the membranous part of 
 the urethra, and the prostate may be cut bilate- 
 rally, either with the double lithotome of Dupuy- 
 tren, or the prostatic bisector of Dr. Stevens, of 
 New York. 
 
 5. Lithotomy hy the Rectum, Proctocystofom'ia, 
 Sec'tio recto-vesica'lis, (P.) Taille par la Rectum, 
 Taille posterieure, T. Recto-vesicale. This was 
 proposed by Vegetius in the i6th century; but 
 it was never noticed until M. Sanson, in the year 
 1817, attracted attention to it; since which time 
 it has been successfully performed in many in- 
 stances. It consists in penetrating the bladder 
 through the paries corresponding with the rec- 
 tum, by first cutting the spinchter ani and rectum 
 about the root of the penis, and penetrating the 
 
LITHOTEESIS 
 
 550 
 
 LIVER 
 
 bladder by the neck of that organ, dividing the 
 prostate, — or by its bas-fond. 
 
 Lithotomy in women, from the shortness of the 
 urethra, is a comparatively insignificant operation. 
 
 Lithotomy by the E,bctum, see Lithotomy — 1. 
 by the Vagina, see Lithotomy. 
 
 LITHOTRESIS, Lithotrity. 
 
 LITHOTRIPSIS, Lithotrity. 
 
 LITHOTRIPSY, Lithotrity. 
 
 LITHOTRIPTORS, see Lithotrity. 
 
 LITnOTElTES, see Lithotrity. 
 
 LITHOTRITEURS, see Lithotrity. 
 
 LITHOTRITOR, see Lithotrity. 
 
 LITHOT'RITY, Lithotri' tia, Lithotryp'sy, 
 Litliotripsy, Lithothrip'sy, Lithothrypsis, LitJio- 
 tre'sis, Lithotripsis, Litlweeno'ais, Lithoclas' tia, 
 Lithoprinie, Lithoprisie, (F.) Broiement de la 
 Pierre, from Xi^os, 'a stone,' and rp(/3u, ' I break. 
 The operation of breaking, bruising or sawing 
 the stone in the bladder. It has been performed, 
 of late years, with success, by French, and, after 
 them, by English and American surgeons. The 
 instruments employed for this purpose are called, 
 in the abstract, Lithotrites, Lithotriteurs, LitJiot'- 
 ritors, Lilhotriptors, LithotJtryptors, Lithotrype'tce 
 and Lithoclasts. The most celebrated are those 
 of Civiale, Jacobson, Heurteloup and Weiss. See 
 Brise-Pierre artieule ; and Percuteur d Marteau. 
 
 LITHOTRYPET^, see Lithotrity. 
 
 LITHOXIDU'RIA, from \i6oi, 'a. stone,' oa;- 
 ide, and ovpov, 'urine.' The discharge of urine 
 containing lithic or xanthic oxide. 
 
 LITHU'RIA, Lithiu'ria, Lithure'sis, Lithou- 
 rorrhee (Piorry); from XiOog, 'a, stone,' and ovpov, 
 'urine.' Lithic, or Lithic Acid, Diathesis. The 
 condition of the system and of the urine in which 
 deposits of lithic acid and the lithates — Lithic 
 sediments or concretions — take place in the urine. 
 See Urine. 
 
 LITHUS, Calculus. 
 
 LITMUS, Lichen roccella. 
 
 LITRA, Pound. 
 
 LITRE, Litra. A measure containing a cubed 
 decimetre, which is equal nearly to 2.1135 pints. 
 The ancients gave the name litra, Xirpa, to a mea- 
 sure capable of containing 16 ounces of liquid. 
 
 LITS^A CUBEBA, Piper cubeba — 1. Pipe- 
 rita, Piper cubeba. 
 
 LITTLE-WALE, Lithospermum officinale. 
 
 LITUS, Liniment. 
 
 LIVECHE, Ligusticum levisticum. 
 
 LIVER, Sax. lipep, Hepar, Jecur, Jec"inus, 
 (F.) Foie. The liver is the largest gland in the 
 body. It is an azygous organ ; unsymmetrical ; 
 very heavy; and of a brownish-red colour; oc- 
 cupying the whole of the right hypochondrium, 
 and a part of the epigastrium. Above, it corre- 
 sponds to the diaphragm ; beloio, to the stomach, 
 transverse colon, and right kidney ; behind, to 
 the vertebral column, aorta, and vena cava; and 
 hefore, to the base of the chest. Its upper sur- 
 face is convex ; the lower, irregularly convex and 
 concave, so that anatomists have divided the 
 organ into three lobes, — a large or right or colic 
 lobe; — a lesser lobe, lobule, or inferior lobe, the 
 Lob'ulus Spige'lii, — and a middle or left lobe. At 
 its inferior surface, are observed: — 1. A Sulcus 
 or Furrow or Fissure, called horizontal or longi- 
 tudinal or great fissure, Fossa Umbilica'lis, (P.) 
 Sillon horizontal, longitudinal ou de la veine om- 
 hilicale, Sidcus antero-posterior Jec'oris seu hori- 
 eonta'lis Jec'oris seu longiiudina'lis Jecoria seu 
 sinis'ter Jecoris seu Umbilica'lis, which lodges, in 
 the foetus, the umbilical vein and ductus venosus. 
 2. The Principal Fissure, termed Sulcus Trans- 
 versns, Fossa transver'sa, Transverse fossa. Sinus 
 Porta' rum. Porta, P. seu llnntis Jec'oris seu He'- 
 patis Fossa or Fissure of the Vena porta, Portal 
 
 Fiss'ure or Fossa, (F.) Sillon transversal ou de la 
 veine parte, which receives the sinus of the vena 
 porta. 3. The Fissure of the Vena Cava infe'rior, 
 Sillon de la veine cave inferieure, situate at the 
 posterior margin of the organ, and lodging the 
 vena cava inferior. 4. The Lobidus Spige'lii, or 
 p>osterior portal eminence. 5. The anterior portal 
 eminence, Auri'ga seu Lobulus anon'ymus. 6. 
 Depressions corresponding to the upper surface 
 of the stomach, gall-bladder, arch of the colon, 
 right kidney, &c. Continued from the fossa um- 
 bilicalis is a small fossa, called Fossa Ductus Ve- 
 no'si, between the left lobe and Lobulus Spigelii. 
 The posterior margin of the liver is very thick; 
 much more so than the anterior. The liver is 
 surrounded by a serous or peritoneal covering, 
 which forms for it a suspensory or broad ligament 
 and two lateral and triangular ligaments. See 
 Falx. The blood-vessels of the liver are very 
 numerous. The hepatic artery and vena porta 
 furnish it with the blood necessary for its nutri- 
 tion and the secretion of bile. The hepatic veins 
 convey away the blood, which has served those 
 purposes. The lymphatic vessels are very nume- 
 rous; some being superficial; others deep-seated. 
 The nerves are, also, numerous, and proceed from 
 the pneumogastrie, diaphragmatic, and from the 
 hepatic plexuses. 
 
 The intimate structure of the parenchyma of 
 the liver has been well studied. When cut, it pre- 
 sents a porous appearance, owing to the division 
 of a multitude of small vessels. When torn, it 
 seems formed of granulations; — the intimate 
 structure of which has given rise to many hypo- 
 theses. In these granulations are contained the 
 radicles of the excretory ducts of the bile ; the 
 union of which constitutes the hepatic duct. Ac- 
 cording to Mr. Kiernan, the intimate structure 
 consists of a number of lobules — hepatic lobules, 
 hepatic islets — composed o£ intralobular or he- 
 patic veins, which convey the blood back that 
 has been inservient to the secretion of bile. The 
 interlobular plexus of veins is formed by branches 
 of the vena porta, which contain both the blood 
 of the vena porta and of the hepatic artery; both 
 of which, according to Mr. Kiernan, furnish the 
 pabulum of the biliary secretion. The biliary 
 ducts form likewise an interlobular plexus, having 
 an arrangement similar to that of the inter- 
 lobular veins. Mr. Kiernan's views are embraced 
 by many anatomists; but are denied by some. 
 
 The liver is the only organ, which, indepen- 
 dently of the red blood carried to it by the hepa- 
 tic artery, receives black blood by the vena porta. 
 The general opinion is, that the vena porta is the 
 fluid which furnishes bile, whilst that of the artery 
 affords blood for the nutrition of the liver. It is 
 probable, however, that bile is secreted from the 
 blood of the latter vessel. Besides bile the liver 
 forms sugar, and is a great assimilating organ. 
 
 The liver is liable to a number of diseases. 
 The principal are — ITejmti'tis or inflammation, 
 cancer, biliary calculi, encysted and other tumours 
 or tubercles, hydatids, &c. ; and it has, at times, 
 been the fashion to refer to it as the cause of 
 symptoms with which it is no wise connected. 
 
 Liter, Hepar. Under this name the ancients 
 designated several substances, having a brownish 
 colour analogous to that of the liver; and com- 
 posed of sulphur and some other body. See Po- 
 tassEe Sulphuretura, Liver of Sulphur. 
 
 LiVE« of Antimony is the semi-vitreous sul- 
 phuret, &Q. 
 
 Liver Disease, Hepatopathia — I. Fatty, Adi- 
 posis hepatica — 1. Gin, L. nutmeg — 1. Gin-drink- 
 ers', L. nutmeg — 1. Granulated, Cirrhosis of the 
 liver. 
 
 Liver-Grown, Tu'mido Jec'ore prce'ditus. 
 Having a large liver. 
 
LIVIDUS MUSCULUS 
 
 551 
 
 LOBULUS 
 
 Liter, Hobnail, Cirrhosis of the liver — 1. 
 Mammillated, Cirrhosis of the liver. 
 
 LlYER, KuTMEG, Hepar variega'tmn, Tu'leri- 
 forni liver. An appearance of the liver when cut 
 across, resembling that of the section of a nut- 
 meg, 21yristica'tio he'patis, supposed by some to 
 be the result of intemperance in the use of alco- 
 holic drinks; but occurring under other causes. 
 The terms whisky liver, yin-driitkers' liver, and 
 gin liver, occasionally applied to it, are, conse- 
 quently, not distinctive. 
 
 Liver Spot, Chloasma. 
 
 Liver, Toberculated, Cirrhosis of the liver 
 — 1. Tuberiform, L. nutmeg. 
 
 Liver Weed, Hepatica triloba. 
 
 Liver, AVhisky, Liver, nutmeg. 
 
 Liver Wort, Hepatica triloba, Marchantia po- 
 lymorpha — 1. Wort, ground, ash-coloured. Lichen 
 caninus — 1. Wort, Iceland, Lichen Islandicus — 
 1. Wort, noble, Hepatica triloba. 
 
 LIVIDUS MUSCULUS, Pectinalis. 
 
 LIVOR, Suggillation — 1. Emortualis, see Sug- 
 gillation — 1. Sanguineus, see Ecchymoma. 
 
 LIVRE, Pound. 
 
 LIVRET, Omasum. 
 
 LIXIVIA TARTARIZATA, Potass* tartras 
 
 — 1. Vitriolata, Potassee sulphas — 1. Vitriolata 
 sulphurea, Potassse sulphas cum sulphure. 
 
 LIXIVIiE seu KALICUM ACETAS, Potassae 
 acetas. 
 
 LIXIV'IAL, Lixivio'sus, from lixivium, 'lee.' 
 (F.) Lixivial, Lixivieux. An ancient term for 
 salts obtained by washing vegetable ashes, — such 
 as the fixed alkalies. 
 
 LIXIVIA'TION, Elixivia'tion, Lixivia'tio, 
 Same etymon. An operation which consists in 
 washing wood-ashes with water, so as to dissolve 
 the soluble parts. The filtered liquor is the lee. 
 
 LIXIVIUM, Lixiv'ia, Con'in, Lee, Ley, Lye, 
 (F.) Lessive. Any solution containing potassa or 
 Eoda — Sal lixivio'sum — in excess; from lix, 'lye.' 
 
 Lixivium Ammoniacale, Liquor ammonise — 
 1. Ammoniacale aromaticum, Spiritus ammoniaj 
 aromatieus — 1. Causticum, Liquor potassae — 1. 
 Magistrale, Liquor potassae — 1. Saponarium, Li- 
 quor potassse — 1. Tartari, Liquor potassje sub- 
 carbonatis. 
 
 LIXIVUS CINIS, Potash of commerce. 
 
 LIZARD, Lacer'ta, Lacer'tus, said to be so 
 called in consequence of its limbs resembling the 
 arms {laeerti) of man [?]. Saura, Sauros, (F.) 
 Lezard. Lizards were formerly employed in me- 
 dicine as sudorifics ; and were, at one time, ex- 
 tolled in syphilis, cutaneous afi'ections, and in 
 cancer. 
 
 LIZARD'S TAIL, Saururus cernuus. 
 
 LOADED, see Enduit. 
 
 LOADSTONE, Magnet. 
 
 LOATHING, Disgust. 
 
 LOBARIA ISLANDICA, Lichen Islandicus 
 
 — 1. Pulmonaria, Lichen pulmonarius — 1. Saxa- 
 tilis. Lichen Saxatilis. 
 
 LOBE, Lobus. A round, projecting part of an 
 organ. The liver, lungs, and brain, for example, 
 have lobes. 
 
 Lobe of the Ear, Lob'ule of the Ear, is a soft, 
 rounded prominence, which terminates the cir- 
 cumference of the pavilion inferiorly, and which 
 is pierced in those who wear rings. 
 
 The under surface of the brain is divided into 
 two anterior, two lateral, two posterior, and two 
 intermediate lobes or processes. These Chaussier 
 calls lobules of the brain : the cerebral hemi- 
 spheres he terms lobes. 
 
 Lobe, Biven'tral. A wedge-shaped lobe of 
 the cerebellum, situate behind the amygdala. 
 
 LOBE DOUDENAL, Lobulus Spigelii — Z. 
 Pancreatique, Lobulus Spigelii — I. Petit dufoie, 
 Lobulus Spigelii — I. de Spigel, Lobulus Spigelii. 
 
 LOBELIA, BLUE, L. syphilitica. 
 
 Lobe'lia Cardina'lis, Lobelia coecin'ea, Tra- 
 che'lium Ameri'eanum, Car'dinal Plant, Car'di- 
 nal Flower, Scarlet Lobelia. Ord. Lobeliaceas. 
 This species is indigenous in the United States. 
 It blooms in autumn, having beautiful carmine 
 flowers. The root is a reputed anthelmintic with 
 the Indians. 
 
 Lobelia Coccinea, L. Cardinalis. 
 
 Lobelia Infla'ta, Indian or Wild Tobac'co, 
 Puke Weed, Asthma Weed, Eyebright, Emet'ia 
 Weed, Lobe'lia (Ph. U. S.). The prominent vir- 
 tues of this American plant are those of an 
 emetic. In smaller doses it is sedative, and has 
 been given as a pectoral in croup, asthma, &c. 
 It is, also, sudorific and cathartic, and is an acro- 
 narcotic poison. Twenty grains act as an emetic. 
 
 Lobelia, Palespiked, L. spicata. 
 
 Lobelia Pinifo'lia. A South African plant, 
 the root of which is excitant and diaphoretic. 
 A decoction of it is sometimes used in the Cape 
 Colony as a domestic remedy in cutaneous affec- 
 tions, chronic rheumatism, and gout. 
 
 Lobelia, Scarlet, L. Cardinalis. 
 
 Lobelia Spica'ta, Palespiked Lobelia; indi- 
 genous : is a diuretic. 
 
 Lobelia Syphilit'ica, L. reflex'a, Ranun'- 
 culus Virginia' nus, Rapun'tlum Sypjhilit'icum, 
 Blue Lobelia, Blue Car'dinal Flower. The root 
 of this plant, which is indigenous in the United 
 States, is an emetic and drastic cathartic. It has 
 been used in syphilis; hence its name. The 
 mode of preparing it is to boil §ss of the dried 
 root in Oxij of water, until the fluid id reduced 
 to Oviij. Dose, Oss. 
 
 LOBES BIJUMEAUX, Quadrigemiua tuber- 
 cula — 1. Cerebral, see Lobe. 
 
 Lobes of the Liver, Pinnce seu Lobi sen Pin'- 
 nulce He'patis. See Lobule. 
 
 Lobes, Optic, Quadrigemina tubercula — I. 
 Optiques, Quadrigemina tubercula. 
 
 LOBI HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver —1. Pul- 
 monum, see Pulmo. 
 
 liOU'VLAH, Lobula'ris. Same etymon as Lo- 
 bule. Relating to or belonging to a lobule : — as 
 lobular pneumonia, (F.) Pneumonic lobuluire, P. 
 mamelonnee, P. disseminee. Pneumonia anatomi- 
 cally characterized by nuclei of red or gray hepa- 
 tization disseminated in variable numbers in one 
 or both lungs. 
 
 Lobular Biliary Plexus. The plexus formed 
 of lobular hepatic ducts, which are derived chiefly 
 from the interlobular. This plexus forms the prin- 
 cipal part of the substance of the lobule. 
 
 Lobular Venous Plexus. The plexus inter- 
 posed between the interlobular portal veins, and 
 the intralobular hepatic vein. 
 
 LOB'ULE, Lob'ulus, diminutive of lobus, 'a 
 lobe.' A little lobe. Mr. Kiernan uses the term 
 lobule, for the acinus of the liver of many anato- 
 mists. 
 
 Lobule of the Corpus Striatum, Insula ce- 
 rebri — 1. of the Ear, Lobe of the Ear — 1. of the 
 Fissure of Sylvius, Insula cerebri — /. du Foie, Lo- 
 bulus Spigelii — 1. of the Liver, see Liver — 1. of the 
 Lung, see Pulmo — 1. Pneumogastric, Flocculus. . 
 
 LOBULI, see Lobulus — 1. Pulmonales, see 
 Pulmo. 
 
 LOBULUS ACCESSORIUS ANTERIOR 
 QUADRATUS, L. anonymus. 
 
 Lob'ulus seu Lobus Anon'ymus, L. accessn'- 
 rius ante'rior quadra'tus, L. quadra'tus, (F.) 
 Eminence j>orie anterieure. This is situate in the 
 liver between the passage for the round ligament 
 and the gall-bladder, and is less prominent, but 
 broader, than the Lobulus caudatus. From the 
 lobulus anonymus a bridge runs across the pas- 
 sage for the round ligament. It is called Pons 
 seu Isthmus he'2}atis. 
 
LOBUS 
 
 552 LOISELEURIA PROCUMBENS 
 
 LoBULXTS seu LoBus Catida'tus, Proces'sus 
 cand^tus. This is merely the root or one of the 
 angjfis of the lobulus Spigelii, advancing towards 
 the middis of the lower side of the great lobe, 
 and representing a kind of tail. Also, the termi- 
 nation of tbs helix and anthelix of the ear, which is 
 separated from the concha by an extensive fissure. 
 Lob'ulus CKtJTRA'Lrs. A small lobule or pro- 
 minence of the superior vermiform process of the 
 cerebellum, situate m tho ineisura anterior. 
 
 LoBDLUS Nasi, see Ifasus — 1. Pneumogastri- 
 cus. Flocculus — 1. Posterior, L. Spigelii — 1. Pos- 
 ticus papillatus, L. Spigehi — L Quadratus, L. 
 anonymus — 1. Renum, Ferrein, pyramid of. 
 
 LoBULOS seu LoBus Spige'lii, L. pofte'rior seu 
 posticus papilla' tus, (F.) Eminence poric ^wste- 
 rieure, Lobule ou Petit lobe dufoie, Lobe dt Spi- 
 gel ou duodenal ou pancreatique, is situatA; nes^: 
 the spine, upon the left side of the great lobe of 
 the liver, and is of a pyramidal shape, projecting, 
 like a nipple, between the cardia and vena cava, 
 at the small curvature of the stomach. 
 
 LOBUS. Lobe, see Lobulus — 1. Quadrangula- 
 ris, see Cerebellum — 1. Semilunaris, see Cere- 
 bellum — 1. Superior anterior, see Cerebellum — 1. 
 Superior posterior, see Cerebellum. 
 
 LOCAL, Locn'lis, Top'icus, 3fer'icus, Partia'lis, 
 Top'ical, (F.) Locale, Topique. An affection is 
 called local — Morbus Loca'lie, — when confined 
 to a part, without implicating the general system ; 
 or. at all events, only secondarily. Local is thus 
 opposed to general. A local or topical application 
 is one used externally. See Topical. 
 LOCH, Looch. 
 LOCHADES, see Sclerotic. 
 LOCHI'A or LO'CHIA, Purgamen'ta Puerpe'- 
 rii seu U'teri, Purga'tio puerpe'rii, Lyma, from 
 Xo;j(;o?, 'a woman in childbed/ Xoxnn, 'parturi- 
 tion;' (F.) Suites de couches, Vidanges. The 
 cleansings. A sero-sanguineous discharge follow- 
 ing delivery. During the first two or three days, 
 it is bloody ; but afterwards becomes green-co- 
 loured, — green waters — and exhales a disagreeable 
 and peculiar odour. The lochia, in di3"erent 
 stages, have received the names Lochia cruen'ta, 
 L. sero'sa and L. alba seu muco'sa seu lac'tea. 
 The duration, quantity, and character of the dis- 
 charge vary according to numerous circumstan- 
 ces. It flows from the part of the uterus which 
 formed a medium of communication between the 
 mother and foetus, and continues, usually, from 
 14 to 21 davs. See Parturition. 
 
 LOCHIOCCELIITIS, Puerperal fever. 
 LOCHIODOCHIUM, Lochodoehium. 
 LOCHIOPYRA, Puerperal fever. 
 LOCHIORRHAG"IA, from lochia, and prtyvvfii, 
 'I make an irruption.' An immoderate flow of 
 the lochia. Hemorrhage from the uterus in the 
 child-bed state. 
 
 LOCHIORRHCE'A, from lochia, and pea, 'I 
 flow.' Discharge or immoderate discharge of the 
 lochia. 
 
 LOCHIORUM RETENTIO, Ischoloehia. 
 LOCHIOSCHESIS, Ischoloehia. 
 LOCHOCH, Looch. 
 
 L C H D C H I'U M, Lochiodoch i'tim, from 
 Xi);^o;, ' a female in childbed,' and Sexoiiat, ' I re- 
 ceive.' An institution for the reception of preg- 
 nant and childbed females. A Lying-in-hospital. 
 LOCHOMETRITIS, see Metritis. 
 LOCHOMETROPHLEBITIS, see Phlebitis. 
 LOCHOOPHORITIS, see Oaritis. 
 LOCHOPERITONITIS, see Peritonitis. 
 LOCHOS, Puerpera. 
 
 LOCI, Uterus — I. Muliebres, Uterus, Vulva. 
 LOCK HOSPITAL. A term of uncertain 
 origin, generally given to venereal hospitals in 
 Great Britain. 
 
 LOCKED JAW, Trismus. 
 LOCKING, Coxofemoral articulation. 
 LOCOMOTILITY, sae Locomotion. 
 LOCOMO'TION, Locomo'tio, from locus, 'a 
 place,' and movere, motum, 'to move.' An action 
 peculiar to animal bodies, by which they trans- 
 port themselves from place to place. It, as well 
 as muscida'tion, has also been used for the func- 
 tion of animal movements. The faculty is some- 
 times called Locomotiv' ity and Locomotil'ity. 
 
 Locomotion of an Artery, is the movement 
 produced in the vessel with a curvature, by the im- 
 pulse of the blood sent from the heart, which 
 tends to straighten the artery, and causes the 
 movement in question. 
 
 LOCOMOTIVITY, see Locomotion. 
 LOCUL AMENTA COLL see Colon. 
 LOCUS CINEREUS, Substantia ferruginea. 
 LocDS Niger, see Peduncles of the Brain. 
 Locus Perfora'tds Anti'cus seu Ante'riob. 
 A trL<>.ngular flat surface of the brain, which cor- 
 responds to the posterior extremity of each ol 
 factory prcoess in front of the optic tract, an^ 
 near the entrance of the fissure of Sylvius. Sub- 
 stan'tia seu Laiwina perfora'ta ante'rior. 
 
 Locus Perforates Posticus, see Tarini pons 
 LOCUST, BLACK, Robinia Pseudo-acacia. 
 Locust Eaters, Acridophagi — 1. Plact, CassU 
 Marilandica — 1. Tree, Robinia Psecdo-acacia. 
 Locust, Yellow, Cladrastis tinctoria. 
 LODGED, Wedged. 
 LODOICEA, see Coco of the Maldive,-. 
 LOECHE, MINERAL WATERS OF, Leuk 
 mineral waters of. 
 LCEME, Plague. 
 LCEMIA, Plague. 
 LCEMICUM, see Loemology. 
 LCEMOCHOLOSIS, Fever, yellow. 
 LCEMOCOMI'UM, from Xoi/.os, 'plague,' and 
 KOfieo), ' I take care of.' An hospital for those 
 affected with plague. 
 
 LCEMOGRAPHY, Loimography. 
 LCEMOLOGIUM, see Loemology. 
 LCE M OL' Gl'', Loe.molog"ia, from Xotfto;, 
 'plague,' and )ioyog, 'a description.' The doc- 
 trine of plague and pestilential diseases. A trea- 
 tise on the same, — Loe'micum, Loemolog"ium. 
 LCEMOPHTHALMIA, see Ophthalmia. 
 L(EMOPYRA, Plague. 
 LCEMOS, Plague. 
 LOGADES, Sclerotic. 
 LOGADITIS, Sclerotitis. 
 
 LOGIA'TROS, Logia'ter ; from 'Koyo?, 'a word,' 
 and larpoi, ' a physician.' In the bad sense, a 
 physician without experience; a mere theorist. 
 In the good sense, a rational physician ; one who 
 treats disease according to theoretical or scien- 
 tific principles. 
 
 LOGONEURO'SES, from Aoyof, 'mind, reason,' 
 and vevpov, ' a nerve.' Diseases of the mental 
 activity. — Romberg. 
 LOGOS, Reason. 
 
 LOGWOOD, Haematoxylon Campechianum. 
 LOG"Y, \oyoi, ' a description.' A suflBx de- 
 noting 'a treatise or description.' Hence, An- 
 giology and Neuro/ogry, <fec. 
 LOHOCH. Looch. 
 LOIMOCHOLOSTS, Fever, yellow. 
 LOIMOG'RAPHY, Loimograph'ia, Lcemog'- 
 raphy, from Xotjioj, 'plague,' and ypaipoi, 'I de- 
 scribe.' A description of the plague and pesti- 
 lential diseases. 
 
 LOIMOLOGY, Loemology. 
 LOIMOS, Plague. 
 LOINS, Lumbi. 
 
 LOISELEU'RIA PROCUM'BENS, Azn'lea 
 procum'bens; indigenous; Orcier, Ericaceae ; has 
 some reputation as an astringent. 
 
LOLIACEUM RADICE REPENTE 55 3 
 
 LOOCH ROUGE 
 
 LOLIACEUM RADICE REPENTE, Triticum 
 repens. 
 
 LOLIUM ANNULUM, L. temulentum. 
 
 Lo'lium Tejiulent'um, L. an'nuum, Crepa'lia 
 temulen'ta, Broniiis temulen'tus, Darnel, (Prov.) 
 Cockgrass, Jam, (F.) Herhe d'lvrogne. A species 
 of the genus Lolium, (F.) Ivraie ; Ord. Grami- 
 ne£e ; Sex. Syst. Triandria digynia, which has 
 decidedly poisonous properties; occasioning, when 
 mixed in bread or beer, intoxication, vertigo, 
 nausea, and vomiting. 
 
 LOME AIRE, Lumbar. 
 
 LOMBES, Lumbi. 
 
 LOMBO-ABDOMINAL, Transversalis abdo- 
 minis — I. Costal, Serratus posticus inferior — I. 
 Costo-trachellen, Sacro-lumbalis — I. Bnrso-spinal, 
 Transversalis dorsi — I. Dorso-trachelien, Longis- 
 simus dorsi — I. Humeral, Latissimus dorsi — I. 
 Sacre. Lumbo-sacral. 
 
 LOMDRIC, Asearis lumbricoides. 
 
 LOMBRWAUX, Lumbricales. 
 
 LOMBRICOIDE, Asearis lumbricoides. 
 
 LONCHADES, see Sclerotic. 
 
 LONCHADITIS, Sclerotitis. 
 
 LONCHITIS, Polypodium filix mas. 
 
 LONG, Longus, Macros. That which is much 
 greater in length than in breadth ; as the long 
 hones. The epithet is, also, applied to several 
 muscles, to distinguish them from others of simi- 
 lar function, when the latter are shorter. We 
 say, for instance, long flexors, and long extensors, 
 in opposition to shoi-t flexors, a,nA. short extensors. 
 
 LONG DU GOV, Longus colli— L du Dos, 
 Longissimus dorsi. 
 
 LONG^VUS, Macrobiotic. 
 
 LONGANON, Rectum. 
 
 LONGAON, Rectum. 
 
 LONGAS, Rectum. 
 
 LONGEVITY, Longa'vitax, from longus, 
 'long,' and avum, 'age,' MacroMo'sls, IlacrohV- 
 otes. The prolongation of existence to an ad- 
 vanced age. Haller collected examples of more 
 than one thousand centenarians. He had know- 
 ledge of sixty-two persons aged from 110 to 120 
 years ; of twenty-nine, from 120 to 130 years ; 
 and of fifteen, who had attained from 130 to 140 
 years. Beyond this advanced age, examples of 
 longevity are much more rare and less sufficiently 
 attested. 
 
 The following list of instances of very advanced 
 ages has been given : 
 
 Lived. Age. 
 
 Apollonius of Tyana A. D. 99. ..130 
 
 St. Patrick 491. ..122 
 
 Attila 600. ..124 
 
 Llywarch Hen 500. ..150 
 
 St. Coemgene 618... 120 
 
 Piastus, King of Poland 861. ..120 
 
 Thomas Parr 1635. ..152 
 
 Henry Jenkins 1670. ..169 
 
 Countess of Desmond 1612. ..145 
 
 Thomas Damme 1648. ..154 
 
 Peter Torten 1724. ..185 
 
 Margaret Patten 1739. ..137 
 
 John Rovin and wife 1741. ..172 and 164 
 
 St. Monagh or Kentigen 1781. ..185 
 
 Longevity also means length or duration of life, 
 fF.) Dtiree de la vie. The mean age at death, 
 (F.) Vie moyenne, of different classes and profes- 
 sions enables an estimate to be formed of the 
 expectation or value of life in each. 
 
 LONGING. Malacia. ' 
 
 LONGISSIMUS, superlative of longus, 'long.' 
 Longest. A term applied to parts, which are 
 very long in their relation to others. 
 
 LONGIS'SIMUS DORSI, Semi-spina'tus, (F.) 
 Lombo-dorso-traehelien, Portion costo-trachelienne 
 du saero-s2}inal (Ch,1. Long dorsal. Long du dos, 
 
 is situate vertically at the posterior part of the 
 trunk, and fills, in a great measure, the vertebral 
 furrows. It is thick and almost square below ; 
 thin and pointed above. It is attached to the 
 posterior surface of the sacrum, to the transverse 
 processes of all the lumbar and dorsal vertebrae, 
 and to the inferior margin of the last 7 or 8 ribs. 
 It maintains the vertebral column in a straight 
 position; straightens it when bent forwards, and 
 can even carry it back. It also assists in the ro- 
 tatory motion of the trunk. 
 
 Longissimus Femoris, Sartorius — 1. Oculi, 
 Obliquus superior oculi. 
 
 LONG-SIGHTEDNESS, Presbytia. 
 
 LONGUS, Long. 
 
 LONGUS COLLI, {'¥.)Pre-dorso-cervical,Pr&. 
 dorso-atlo'idien, (Ch.,) Long du cou. This muscle 
 is situate at the anterior and superior part of the 
 vertebral column. It is long, flat, and broader 
 at its middle than at its extremities, which are 
 pointed. It is attached to the anterior surface of 
 the bodies of the first three dorsal and last six 
 cervical vertebrae; to the intervertebral ligaments ; 
 to the anterior edge of the transverse piroeesses of 
 the last five cervical vertebrte ; and to the tuber- 
 cle on the anterior arch of the first. This muscle 
 bends the cervical vertebrae upon each other and 
 upon the dorsal vertebrte. If the upper portion 
 acts on one side only, it occasions the rotation of 
 the atlas on the vertebra dentata; and, conse- 
 quently, of the head on the neck. 
 
 LONICERA GERMANICA, L. Periclymenum 
 — 1. Marilandica, Spigelia Marilandica. 
 
 Lonice'ra Periclym'enum, L. German'ica, 
 Periclyni'enum, P. vidga're, Cajjrifo'lium, C. Peri- 
 clym'enum seu sylvat'icum seu distinct' um. Common 
 Woodbine, Honeysuckle, (Prov.) Suckling, (F.) 
 Chevre-feuille. This common plant is slightly 
 astringent and tonic, and was formerly much used 
 
 Lonice'ra Sempervi'rens, Caprifo'lium, sem- 
 pervirens. Scarlet or Trumpet Honeysuckle. Ord. 
 Caprifoliaceffi ; indigenous. A syrup of the 
 leaves is said to have been given in asthma aiid 
 in amygdalitis. [?] 
 
 LONK, Coxofemoral articulation. 
 
 LOOCH, Lohoch, Lof;h, Lochoch, Looch, of 
 Arabic extraction. A linctus. See Eclegma and 
 Eclectos. 
 
 Looch absque Emulsio'ne Para'tum, Look 
 prepare sans emulsion ; Looch prepjared without 
 emulsion. (Pulv. g. trag. gr. xvj — gr. xxx, ol. 
 amygd. didc. ^ss., sacchar. 3J, aqucB §iij, aqvcB 
 flor. aurant. ^ij- Mix by rubbing in a marble 
 mortar.) Demulcent. 
 
 Looch Album, L. amygdali'num, Linctus alhua 
 seu amygdalinus seu commu'nis, Ecleg'ma cdbura 
 seu gurnmo' so-oleo' sum, (F.) Looch blanc, L. b. 
 amygdalin, L. b. pectoral. [Amygd. dulc. ^ss, 
 amygd. amar. No. ij, sacchar. alb. ^iv. Make an 
 emulsion by gradually adding ,^iv of icater. Then 
 take pulv. tragacanfl. gr. xvj. ol. amygd. dulc, 
 recent. §ss, sacch. ^ij. Add the almond milk 
 gradually to this, and afterwards aq. for. aurant^ 
 ^ij. Ph. P.) It is demulcent and pectoral. 
 
 Looch Amygdalinum, L. album — I. Blanc, L. 
 album — 1. cum Croco et pistaciis, L. viride — 1. 
 of Egg, L. ex Ovo. 
 
 Looch ex Ovo, L. pectora'le len'iens, Potio seu 
 emnl'sio seu mistu'ra len'iens seu oleo'sa, Looch 
 of Egg, (F.) Look d'oeuf Looch rouge, Emulsion 
 huilcuse, Ifixture calmante. Potion pectorale, Lait 
 adoucissant. ( Vitell. ovi. recent. ,^ss, ol. amygd. 
 dulc. .^iss, syrup, althaa, §j. Rub in a mortar, 
 and add by degrees, aq. flor. aurant. ^j, aq. 
 papav. rhoead. ^ij. Ph. P.) Virtues the same 
 as the preceding. 
 
 LOOCH ROUGE, L. ex Ovo — ?. Vert, L. 
 viride. 
 
LOOK 
 
 55 4 
 
 LOZENGES 
 
 LooCH Vir'idk, L. cum croce et pista'ciis, (F.) 
 Looch vert. [Syrup. Violar. ^j, tiiicf. croei gtt. 
 XX., aqucB 5^^- -^iix, and add jjistacioe semin. sice. 
 3vj. Ph. P.) Virtues like the last. 
 
 LOOK, Looch — I. d'CEuf, Looch ex ovo — I. 
 Prepare sans emulsion, Looch absque emulsione 
 paratum. 
 
 LOOSE STEIFE, CREEPING, Lysimachia 
 nummularia — 1. s. Four-leaved, Lysimachia quad- 
 rifolia. 
 
 LOOSENESS, Diarrhoea — 1. of the Teeth, 
 Odontoseisis. 
 
 LOPEZ RADIX, Radix lopezia'na seu In'- 
 dica lopezia'na. The root of an unknown Indian 
 tree, not possessed of any remarkable smell or 
 tdste, or of any appearance of resinous matter. 
 It has been extolled, notwithstanding, in cases of 
 colliquative diarrhoea. Gaubius compares its ac- 
 tion to that of simarouba, but thinks it more 
 efficacious. 
 
 LOPHADIA, Lophia. 
 
 LOPHIA, Lopha' dia, \o(pia. The upper part 
 of the neck. The first vertebra of the back — 
 Ver'tehra dorsi prima. — Gorrseus. 
 
 LOPIMA, Faarus castanea. 
 
 LOQUACITY, Garru'litas; from loquor, '1 
 speak. (F.) Babillement. The act of speaking 
 with volubility. It is sometimes a symptom of 
 disease, and is observable in hj-steria, (tc. 
 
 LOQUELA, Voice, articulated — 1. Abolita, 
 Aphonia — 1. Blsesa, Balbuties — 1. Impedita, Ba- 
 ryphonia. 
 
 LOPtDO'SIS, Lordo'ma, from Xopiog, 'curved,' 
 'bent.' Pepanda'tio, Jiej^an'ditas. A name given 
 to curvatures of the bones in general ; and par- 
 ticularly to that of the vertebral column forwards ; 
 Spina dorsi intror'snm fiexa, Emprosthocyrto'ma. 
 This gives rise to the projection of the sternum 
 called chicJcen-breasfed or pigeon-breasted. Pec- 
 tus carina'tum, Pig"eon breast^ narrow chest. 
 
 LORIND MATRI'CIS, Epilep'sia vteri'na, 
 Convulsi'vus ute'ri morbus, A barbarous name 
 given to a pretended epilepsy of the womb. 
 
 LORIPES, see Kyllosis. 
 
 LORUS, Hydrargyrum. 
 
 LOT, Urine. 
 
 LOTA MOLVA, see Oleum jecoris aselli — 1. 
 Vulgaris, see Oleum jecoris aselli. 
 
 LOTIO, Enema, Lotion — 1. Cupri sulphatis 
 camphorata. Lotion, camphorated, of Bates — 1. 
 Rubra, Lotion, camphorated, of Bates. 
 
 LoTIO Rubra, Red icash, {Hydrarg. ehlorid. 
 corrosiv. gr. xviii ; IT. sidphurefi rubr. gr. ix ; 
 Creasot. f^ vi ; AqjicB f^viij. May be u?ed in 
 the proportion of f ^j ; to from f^i to f^iij of 
 water; like the yellow wash. 
 
 LoTio Saponacea, see Sapo. 
 
 LO'TION, Lo'tio, Lotu'ra, from lavare latum, 
 'to wash.' (F.) Hydrolotif, Hydrole. A fluid 
 external application. Lotions are ordinarily ap- 
 plied by wetting linen in them and keeping it on 
 the part affected. 
 
 Lotion, Barlow's, Lotion of Sulph'uret of 
 2)otass'inm. (Potassii sulphur, ^uy, Sapnn. ^\^s; 
 Aq. Calcis, f^viiss ; alcohol, diluf. f^ij. M.) 
 Used in various chronic cutaneous diseases. 
 
 Lotion, Camph'orated, of Bates, Bates s 
 camph'orated loater, Lo'tio cupri sulpha'tis cam- 
 phora'ta, Lo'tio rubra. Red wash. (Cupri snlphat. 
 ,^ij ; Bol. rubr. Jij ; Camphor, .^ss ; Aq. bullient. 
 Oij. Strain through linen, f^ij of this, added 
 to fgiv of water, forms Bates's Collyrium, Col- 
 lyr'ium Batea'num, which may also be made ex- 
 temporaneously as follows: — Cupri sidphat.gr. 
 viij : boli, gr. viij ; Camphor, gr. ij ; Aq. bullient. 
 f^viij. Mix and filter. 
 
 LoTiox, Febure's. a cancer remedy, which 
 consisted of arsenic, gr. x ; icater, Oj ; extract of 
 
 hemlock, ^j ; Liquor Plumbi subaeetatis, f^iij ; 
 laudanum, f^j. 
 
 Lotion, Gowland's. An empirical prepara- 
 tion. {Bitter almonds, ^j ; sugar, ^ij ; distilled 
 water, tbij. Grind together, strain, and add cor- 
 rosive sublimate, ^ij, previously ground with sp. 
 vini rect. ^ij.) Used in obstinate eruptions. 
 
 Lotion, Granville's Counter -Irritant, 
 Granville's Lotion, Granville' s antid' ynons lotion. 
 Of this lotion. Dr. Granville gives two forms — a 
 milder, and a stronger. The milder is made as 
 follows : Liq. ammon. fort, f ^j ; Sp. Rosmarin. 
 f ^vj ,• Tinct. camphor, f^ij, M. 
 
 The stronger is made as follows : Liq. ammon. 
 fort, f^x; Spir. Rosmar. f^ss; Tinct. camphor, 
 
 f3u. M. 
 
 The stronger lotion vesicates rapidly. A piece 
 of cotton or linen folded six or seven times, or a 
 piece of thick flannel may be imbued with them, 
 and laid for a few minutes on the part to be irri- 
 tated. 
 
 The Dublin Pharmacopoeia has a Linimen'tum 
 Ammo' nice Compos' itum, Compouiid Liniment of 
 Ammonia, which is a close imitation of Gran- 
 ville's Lotion. 
 
 Lotion, Hannat's, Preven'tive wash. This 
 famous nostrum for the prevention of venereal 
 infection, was nothing more than a solution of 
 caustic potass. 
 
 Lotion, Hydrocyan'ic, Lotio Ac"idi Hydro- 
 cyan' ici. (Hydrocyanic acid, f^}^; rectified sjiirit 
 of wine, f^j ; distilled icater, f^xss.) Used with 
 much success in impetigo, (fee. 
 
 Lotion, Struve's, for Hooping-Cough. (An- 
 tim. et Potass, tart, ^j • AqucB, ^ij. Add tinct. 
 cantharid. ^j.) 
 
 LOTTUM, Urine. 
 
 LOTURA, Lotion. 
 
 LOTUS SYLVESTRIS, Trifolium melilotus— 
 1. Virginiana, Diospyros Virginiana. 
 
 LOUCHEMENT, Strabismus. 
 
 LOUCHE S, see Strabismus. 
 
 LOUPE, Wen. 
 
 LOUSE. Pediculus. 
 
 LOUSINESS. Phtheiriasis. 
 
 LOUSY DISEASE, Phtheiriasis. 
 
 LOUTRON, Bath. 
 
 LOVAGE, Ligusticum levistieum. 
 
 LOVE, Eros, Amor, from Sax. Inpian, (G.) 
 lieben, 'to love.' (F.) Amour. A tender and 
 elevated feeling, which attracts one sex to the 
 other. Love is occasionally a cause of disease, 
 especially of insanity. 
 
 Love Apple Plant, Solanum lycopersienm — 
 1. Begot, Illegitimate — 1. Child, Illegitimate — I. 
 Pea, Abrus precatorius. 
 
 LOW SPIRITS, Hypochondriasis. 
 
 LOWER, TUBERCLE OF, Tuber'cuhm Low- 
 eri. Anatomists have given this name to a small 
 projection, the existence of which is by no means 
 constant, and which is found in the sinus venosus, 
 between the superior and inferior cava. 
 
 LOXAR'THRUS, Loxar'thrum, from Inim, 
 'oblique,' and apSpov, 'articulation.' (F.) Perver. 
 sion de la tete des os et des muscles. A vicious 
 deviation or direction of the joints, without spasm 
 or luxation, — as in clubfoot. 
 
 LOXIAS, Torticollis. 
 
 LOXOPHTHALMUS, Strabismus. 
 
 LOZANGIA, Lozenge. 
 
 LOZENGE, Tabella. 
 
 LOZENGES, BARK, Tabellse cinchonfe — 1. 
 of Catechu and magnesia, Tabellae antimoniales 
 Kunckglii — 1. Faustinus's, Faustini pastilli — 1. 
 for the Heart-burn, Troehisci carbonatis calcis — 
 1. Magnesia, Tabellae de magnesia — 1. of Marsh- 
 mallows, Tabellae de althaea — 1. of Oxalic acid, 
 Tabellae acidi oxalici — 1. Pectoral, black, Tro- 
 ehisci glyeyrrhizae glabrae — 1. Pectoral, of eme- 
 
LUBIDO 
 
 555 
 
 LUMBI 
 
 tine, Trochisci emetinae pectorales — 1. Rhubarb, 
 Tabellae de rheo- — • 1. of Scammony and senna, 
 compound, Tabellie de scammonio et senna — 1. 
 Spitta's, see Trochisci glycj'rrhizae cum opio — 1. 
 Steel, Tabellae de ferro — 1. Steel, aromatic, see 
 Tabellas de ferro— 1. Sulphur, simple, Tabellae de 
 sulphure simplices — 1. Sulphur, compound, Ta- 
 bellae de sulphure compositae — 1. of Sulphuret 
 of antimony, Tabellae antimoniales Kunckelii — 
 I. Wistar's, Trochisci glycyrrhizae cum opio — 1. 
 "Worm, Ching's, see Worm lozenges, (Ching's.) 
 
 LUBIDO, Libido — 1. Intestini, Voluntas dese- 
 dendi. 
 
 LUBRICAISTTIA, Demulcents, Emollients. 
 
 LUBRICUM CAPUT, Penis. 
 
 LUCCA, MINERAL WATERS AND CLI- 
 MATE OF. The baths and waters, near this 
 ancient Italian city, have been long celebrated. 
 They are thermal, and resemble, in properties, 
 those of Plombiferes in France, and of Bath 
 England. They contain carbonic acid, sulphates 
 of alumina, soda, magnesia, and iron. There are 
 ten different sources, the temperature of which 
 varies from 94° to 130° Fahr. " 
 
 Lucca is much frequented in summer ; partly 
 on account of its mineral waters, but more on 
 account of the coolness of the situation. 
 
 LUCID, Lu'eidus, from Itteeo, ' I shine.' In 
 medicine, the word lucid is particularly applied 
 to the intervale, IntervaVla lu'cida, of apparent 
 reason, which occur in mental alienation. 
 
 LUCIFER - MATCH - MAKERS' DISEASE, 
 see Phosphorus. 
 
 LUCIF'UGUS, from lux, lucis, 'light,' and 
 fucjere, 'to shun.' Photoph' ohiis, PJioio-phob'ieus. 
 Dreading or avoiding the light. 
 
 LUCINA, Ilithyia. 
 
 LUCOMAXIA, Lyeanthropia. 
 
 LUCTUEUXiF.), Luctuo'sus, 'mournful.' 
 Plaintive. An epithet applied to the respiration 
 — '(F.) PLespiration luctueuae — when accompanied 
 bv moaning. 
 
 "LUC'UJIA, (S.) A fruit which grows in the 
 southern provinces of the coast of Peru, and the 
 north of Chili. It is round; and the gray-brown 
 husk encloses a fibrous, dry, yellow-coloured fruit 
 with its kernel. — Tschudi. 
 
 LUCUMORIA'XUS, probably from lux, 'light,' 
 and morari, 'to tarry.' Continuing for several 
 days: hence, Dormit" to lucwnoria'tta. A morbid 
 sleep persisting for several days. 
 
 LUDUS HELMOX'TII, L, Paracel'si, Pel 
 terra. A calcareous stone, the precise nature not 
 known, which was used b}' the ancients in calcu- 
 lous affections. The term was also applied to 
 every species of calculous concretion occurring 
 in the animal body. 
 
 LuDus Pahacelsi, L. Helmontii. 
 
 LUDWIG'IA PALUS'TRIS, L.nit'idn,l8nar'. 
 dia palus'tris, Water Purslaine, Phthisis Weed. 
 Order, Onagraeese ; indigenous. An infusion of 
 the dried plant has been used as a pectoral in 
 asthma and chronic cough. 
 
 LUES, Disease, Plague, Syphilis — 1. Divina, 
 Epilepsy — 1. Dysenterica, Dysentery — 1. G-onor- 
 rhoica, Gonorrhoea impura — 1. Gutturis epidemi- 
 ca, Cynanche maligna — 1. Indica, Framboesia — 
 1. Inguinaria, Plague — 1. Pannoniae, Fever, Hun- 
 gary — 1. Polonica, Plica — 1. Sarmatica. Plica — 1. 
 Syphilis, Syphilis — 1. Syphilodes, Syphilis pseu- 
 do-syphilis — 1. Trichomatica, Plica — 1. Venerea, 
 Syphilis — 1. Scorbutica, see Purpura. 
 
 LUETTE, Uvula — I. Vesicale, see Urinary 
 bladder. 
 
 LUG, Ear. 
 
 LUGDUS, Erysipelas. 
 
 LUJULA, Oxalis acetosella. 
 
 LULLABY SPEECH, Lallation. 
 
 LUMBA'GO, from lumbi, ' the loins.' Arthro'- 
 
 sia lumbo'rum, Lumbago seu NejihraVgia rheu- 
 mat'ica, liachirrheu'ma, Raehiorrheu'ma, Pheu- 
 matis'mua dorsa'lis, Osphyrrheu'ma. Rheuma- 
 tism affecting the lumbar region. 
 
 Lumba'go psoad'iea, L. apoitemato'sa, L. ab 
 arthroc'ace. Pain in the loins from abscess. See 
 Psoitis. 
 
 Lumbago a Nisu, see Effort. 
 
 LUMBAR, Luniba'ris seu Lvmba'lis, (F.) Lom- 
 baire. From lumbi, 'the loins.' Belonging or 
 having reference to the loins. 
 
 Lumbar Abscess, Psoas abscess, Aposte'ma 
 psoat'icum, Absces'sus lumbo'rum. Morbus psoad'- 
 icns. This abscess is so called from the matter 
 being found on the side of the psoas muscle, or 
 betwixt that and the iliacus internus. Between 
 these muscles is a quantity of loose, areolar sub- 
 stance; and when an abscess takes place there, 
 it can find no outlet except by a distant course. 
 Generally, it descends along the psoas muscle, 
 forming a swelling immediately beneath Pou- 
 part's ligament; at times, however, it extends 
 down the thigh under the fascia. Severe hectic 
 follows the bursting of the abscess, and often 
 death. Its causes are, — scrofula, injury to the 
 loins, &c. 
 
 When, from the pain of the back continuing 
 for some time, with other symptoms, the disease 
 is suspected, caustics, or the moxa, applied op- 
 posite the transverse processes of the lumbar ver- 
 tebrae, may be recommended; and, when the ab- 
 scess is ready for opening, it may be emptied by 
 repeated discharges of the matter, through a 
 small opening, made with a lancet, or small, 
 lancet-pointed trocar. The medical treatment 
 consists in supporting the system, under the 
 great restorative efforts required of it. 
 
 Lumbar Arteries are four or five in number 
 on each side. They arise from the sides of the 
 abdominal aorta, and pass behind the muscles 
 situate in front of the lumbar portion of the spine, 
 to gain the broad muscles of the abdomen. They 
 give off, 1. Spinal branches. 2. Anterior, poste- 
 rior, and external muscular branches. 
 
 Lumbar Nerves are five in number, and issue 
 from the vertebral column by the spinal foramina 
 of the loins. The first lumbar nerve gives off 
 three branches: — the external or ilio-scrotal ; the 
 middle or inguino-eutaneous, and the internal or 
 in/ra-pubian. Along with the three pairs below 
 it, it forms the lumbar plexus. 
 
 Lumbar Plexus, Portion lombaire du plexus 
 crural ( Ch. ), Plexus Lombo-abdominal. This 
 plexus is formed by the union of the Rami com- 
 munican'tes of the anterior branches of the first 
 four lumbar nerves. It is situate behind the psoas 
 muscle, and before the transverse processes of 
 the lumbar vertebrae. It furnishes, besides the 
 branches which proceed from the first pair, seve- 
 ral filaments, that are distributed to the psoas 
 muscle, to the iliacus, the integments, and glands 
 of the groin; and three great branches — the cru- 
 ral, obturator, and lumbosacral. 
 
 Lumbar PiEgion, Lumbi. 
 
 Lumbar Veins have an arrangement analogous 
 to that of the arteries of the same name. They 
 communicate with the vertebral sinuses, azygous 
 veins, &c., and pass into the vena cava inferior. 
 
 LUMBARIS EXTERNUS, Quadratus lumbo- 
 rum — 1. Internus, Psoas magnus. 
 
 LUMBI, The loin or loins. Lumbar region, 
 (Old Eng.) Lende, (Sc.) Lendis; Pe'gio lum- 
 ba'lia, Lap'ara, Psoa, plural Psocs, Osphys, 
 Reins, (F.) Lombes. The posterior regions of the 
 abdomen, composed between the base of the chest 
 and the pelvis. The parts which enter into the 
 formation of the lumbar region are,— the skin; a 
 considerable quantity of areolar texture; broad 
 and strong aponeuroses: — the Latisaimua Borsi, 
 
LUMBO-SACRAL 
 
 55 6 
 
 LUTE 
 
 Olliquus exferntis, and Obh'quiis iniermts dbdonii- 
 nis, Transversal Is abdominis, Qaadratus lumbo- 
 rum, and the mass common to the Sacro-lumbalis, 
 Longissimus dorsi, and Ihdtijidiis spines. These 
 muscles surround the lumbar region of the verte- 
 bral column. The vessels, nerves, &c., of the 
 loins, are called lumbar. 
 
 LUMBO-SACRAL. Belonging to the lumbar 
 and sacral regions. (F.) Lombo-sacrS. Bichat 
 calls thus a very large nerve, given off from the 
 anterior branch of the fifth lumbar pair, vphich 
 descends into the pelvis before the sacrum to join 
 the sciatic plexus. 
 
 LUMBRICA'LIS, Vermicula'ris. Resembling 
 a lumbricus, or ' earthworm.' A name given to 
 small muscles, (F.) Lombricaux, met with in the 
 palm of the hand and sole of the foot. 
 
 LuMBRlCALES Manus, Fidicina'les, Flexor pri- 
 mi interno'dii digito'rum, mantis seu perfora'tus 
 lumbrica'lis, (F.) Annuli -tendino - phalangiens, 
 Palmi - phalangiens. Four small, fleshy, thin, 
 round, long, fusiform fasciculi, situate in the 
 palm of the hand, and distinguished into first, 
 second, third, and fourth, counting from without 
 to within. They arise from the tendons of the 
 flexor communis digitorum, and are inserted at 
 the outer and posterior side of the superior ex- 
 tremity of the first phalanges of the last four fin- 
 gers. These muscles bend the fingers on the 
 metacarpus, and fix the tendons of the flexor 
 digitorum communis. 
 
 LuMBRicALES Pedis, (F.) Planti-tendino-pha- 
 langiens, Planti-sous-phalangiens, (Ch.) They 
 are analogous to those of the hand in form, num- 
 ber, and arrangement. They increase the flexion 
 of the toes, and draw them inwards. 
 
 LUMBRICUS, Ascaris lumbricoides — \. La- 
 tus, Bothriocephalus latus, Tjenia solium — 1. 
 Teres hominis, Ascaris lumbricoides. 
 
 LUMBUS VENERIS, Achillea miUefoUura. 
 
 LUMEN, Light, Pupil— 1. Constans, Phos- 
 phorus. ^ 
 
 L UMTERE, Light. 
 
 LUMINOSITY, Phosphorescence. 
 
 LUNA, Argentum, Moon — 1. Albini, Sciatic 
 notch, lesser — 1. Imperfecta, Bismuth — 1. Pota- 
 bilis, Argenti nitras. 
 
 LUNACY, see Lunatic. 
 
 LUNAR, Lunatic. 
 
 LUNA'RE OS. Os semiluna're. The second 
 bone in the upper row of the carpus. 
 
 LUNARIA, Menses. 
 
 Luna'ria Redivi'va. Leucoium, BidbonacTi, 
 Satin, Honesty. Said, by Ray, to be a warm 
 diuretic. 
 
 LUNARIS, Lunatic. 
 
 LU'NATIC, Limat'iciis, Luna'ris, Zuna'rins, 
 Lunar, from luna, 'the moon.' Relating to the 
 moon. An epithet given to diseases which are 
 supposed to appear at certain phases of the moon, 
 or to those who are affected by them. The term 
 lunatic {Moon'ed, Moonstruck, Selenoble'tus), is re- 
 stricted to one labouring under lunacy or mental 
 alienation, Demen'tia accidenta'lis seu adven- 
 tit"ia, that is, under any form unsoundness of 
 mind, except idiocy. In law, a lunatic is one 
 who has had an understanding, but by disease, 
 grief, or other accident, has lost the use of his 
 reason, and become nan compos mentis or non 
 compos. 
 
 LUNATICUS, Epileptic, Lunatic, Somnam- 
 bulist. 
 
 LUNATISMUS, Somnambulism. 
 
 LUNE, Moon — I. d'Eau, Nymphsea alba. 
 
 LUNELLA, Hypopyon. 
 
 LUNES. Menses. 
 
 LUNETTES ORDINAIRES, Spectacles. 
 
 LUNG, Pulmo — 1. Black, of coal miners, An- 
 ttracosis — \. Cancer of the, Phthisis, cancerous. 
 
 Lung Fever, Catarrh, Pneumonia. 
 
 Lung, Perforating Abscess of the. A pu- 
 rulent collection, which forms exterior to the 
 lung, and afterwards perforates its tissue, so that 
 it is evacuted through the bronchial tubes. 
 
 Lung Proof, Docimasia pulmonum — 1. Wort, 
 Pulmonaria — 1. Wort, cow's, Verbaseum nigrum 
 — 1. Wort, tree. Lichen pulmonarius. 
 
 LUNULA. Onyx — 1. Unguium, see Nail — L 
 Scapulae, Notch, scapular. 
 
 LUNYIE, Lumbi. 
 
 LUNYIE-BANE, Ischion. 
 
 LUPIA, Encystis, Wen — 1. Junctura, Spina 
 ventosa. 
 
 LUPI'NUS. Under this term the ivhite Inpiv, 
 Lupi'nus al'bus seu sati'vus, Ord. Leguminosie, 
 is meant, in some pharmacopoeias. The seeds, 
 which were much eaten in the days of Pliny and 
 of Galen, are now neglected. The meal is, how- 
 ever, occasionally used as an anthelmintic, and 
 as a cataplasm. 
 
 LU'POID, Lnpo'i'des, badly compounded from 
 lupus, and tiSog, 'resemblance.' Resembling, or 
 having the character of, lupus. 
 
 LUPULI'NA, Lu'ptdin, L-upidin'ic glands. A 
 substance which exists in Humulus lupulus or 
 hop. It is in the form of small, shining, yellow- 
 ish grains, which cover the base of the scales of 
 the hop; is pulverulent, and of an aromatic 
 odour. When analyzed, it is found to contain 
 resin, volatile oil in small quantity, and a bitter 
 principle — Lupiidite. It is aromatic and tonic, 
 and — according to some — narcotic. 
 
 LUPULINIC GLANDS, Lupulina. 
 
 LUPULITE, see Lupulina. 
 
 LUPULUS, Humulus lupulus — 1. Communis, 
 Humulus lupulus — 1. Salictarius, Humulus lupu- 
 lus — I. Seandens, Humulus lupulus. 
 
 LUPUS, ' the wolf So named from its rapa- 
 city. Lupus ex'edens seu vorax seu dev'orans, 
 Jacob's Ulcer, Ulcus Tuberculo'sum, Cancer seu 
 Phymato' sis lupus. Noli me tang"ere. Tubercular 
 excrescences, with ragged, spreading ulcerations, 
 chiefly about the alse nasi, where they destroy 
 the skin, <fcc., for some depth. Sometimes they 
 appear in the cheek, circularly, or in the shape 
 of a sort of ringworm, destroying the substance, 
 and leaving a deep and deformed cicatrix. The 
 knife or caustic should be used to separate the 
 sound from the morbid parts. Arsenic has been 
 given internally with advantage. See, also, 
 Herpes exedens, and Lycoides. 
 
 Lupus Cancrosus, Cancer — 1. Devorans, see 
 Lupus — 1. Exedens, Lupus — 1. Varieosus, Nsevi 
 — 1. Vorax, Herpes exedens, see Lupus. 
 
 LURCO, Glutton. 
 
 LURID, Lu'ridus. Pale, yellow, sallow, — 
 applied to the complexion. 
 
 LURKEY-DISH, Mentha pulegium. 
 
 LUROR, Paleness. 
 
 LUS, Sacrum. 
 
 LUSCIOSITAS, Luscitas, Myopia. 
 
 LUSCIOSUS, Borgne, Myops. 
 
 LUS'CITAS, Luscios'itas, Lnscit"ies, Liiscit"- 
 ion, from lusciis, 'a blinkard,' lusciosus, 'dim- 
 sighted.' Strabismus. The term has also been 
 given to any case of obliquity in which the eye 
 is fixed in an unnatural position. — Beer. The 
 obliquity termed Cock-eye is a form of Luscitas. 
 
 LUSCITIES, Luscitas. 
 
 LUSCUS, Borgtie. 
 
 LUSS, Pitvriasis. 
 
 LUSTRAMENTUM, Cathartic. 
 
 LUT, Lute. 
 
 LUTE, Lntum ('mud'), Cmmentum. (F.) Z««. 
 A composition employed either for closing aper- 
 tures in a pharmaceutical instrument, or for 
 covering the surface of retorts, tubes, Ac, which 
 have to support a great degree of heat. Lutes 
 
LUTEOLA 
 
 55' 
 
 LYCOPUS 
 
 are composed differently, according to the object 
 to be accomplished. Commonly, they are made 
 of linseed meal and starch. The/a« lute is formed 
 of clay and drying oil. Sometimes, the white of 
 egg and lime are used; and that which is em- 
 ployed for covering vessels, intended to be 
 strongly heated, is made of clay, sifted sand, and 
 water. 
 
 LUTEOLA, Reseda luteola. 
 LUTE US, Yellow. 
 
 LUTRON, \ovTpov. A bath. Also, an oph- 
 thalmic medicine. — Galen. 
 LUX, Light. 
 
 LUXATIO, Luxation — 1. Imperfecta, Sprain. 
 LLi^XA'TIOX, Eluxa'tion, from luxare, luxa- 
 fnm, 'to put out of place.' Disloca'tion, Olistke'- 
 ran, Apoped'asis, Luxa'tio, Disloca'tio, Ec'elisis, 
 Strem'nta, Luxatn'ra, Ectop'ia, Ecpto'sis, Elap'- 
 siis, Lyrjis'mus, Emo'tio, Ec'stasis, Exarthre'ma, 
 E. luxa'tlo, Exarthro'ma, Exarthro'sis, Exo'sis, 
 Efcothe'sis, Paratop'ta, Streblo'sis, Deloea'tin, 
 Exarticula'tio, (F.) Luxation, Dislocation, De- 
 hoitement. A displacement of a part from its 
 proper situation. A putting out of joint. A 
 displacement of two or more bones, whose arti- 
 cular surfaces have lost, wholly, or in part, their 
 natural connexion; either owing to external vio- 
 lence, [accidental luxation,) or to disease of some 
 of the parts about the joint (spontaneous luxation.) 
 Luxation is complete when the bones have entirely 
 lost their natural connexion; incomplete, when 
 they partly preserve it; and compound, when a 
 wound communicates with the luxated joint. 
 The general indications of treatment, are; — 1. 
 To reduce the protruded bone to its original 
 place. 2. To retain it in situ. 3. To obviate 
 any attendant or consequent symptoms. 
 
 To reduce requires extension, counter-exten- 
 sion, and coaptation. 
 
 LUXEUIL, MINERAL WATERS OF. Saline 
 waters, at the town of Luxeuil, at the foot of the 
 Vosges, in the department of Haute Saone. Five 
 springs are thermal, and two cold. They seem 
 to contain carbonic acid, carbonates of iron and 
 lime, and chloride of sodium ; and are employed 
 as aperient, tonic, and stimulant. 
 LUZ, Sacrum. 
 
 LYCAN'CHE, Lijcan'chis, from Xvicog, 'a wolf,' 
 and ay)(;(i), 'I strangle.' Wolf quinsy, Wolfehoak; 
 — as Cynanche means Eog choaJc. Also, hydro- 
 phobia. See Lycoides. 
 LY0AXCHI3, Lycanche. 
 LYCAXTHROPE, see Lycanthropia. 
 LYCAXTHROTIA, from \vko;, 'a wolf,' and 
 av-JpcjTOf, 'a man:' Lyca'on, Tnsa'nia Inpi'na, Ly- 
 coma'nia. A variety of melancholy, in which 
 the person believes himself to be changed into a 
 wolf, and imitates the voice and habits of that 
 animal. One so circumstanced is called a Ly'- 
 canthrope, Lycanthro'pus. 
 
 LYCANTHROPUS, see Lycanthropia. 
 LYCAOX, Lycanthropia. 
 LYCHXIDIUM, Biolychnium. 
 LYCHXIS GITHA'GO, Agrostem'mn githa'go. 
 Corn coclde. Rose campion. A naturalized Euro- 
 pean plant. Ord. Caryophyllaceae. The seeds 
 are somewhat acrid, but not poisonous. They 
 were, at one time, employed in cutaneous dis- 
 eases, and in hemorrhage, and as a topical appli- 
 cation to ulcers and fistulse. 
 
 Lychnis Officinalis, Saponaria — 1. Sylvestris, 
 Saponaria. 
 
 LYCHXIUM, Biolychnium. 
 LY'CIUM, AvKiov. A medicinal substance, an- 
 ciently obtained from the roots and branches of a 
 thorny shrub growing in Lycia. It was astrin- 
 gent, and used in dysentery, ulcers of the gums, 
 <i;c. By some, it has been considered to be the 
 catechu. 
 
 LYCOI'DES, Lyeo'dee, from Au/toj, 'a wolf,' 
 and £i(5of, • form.' Lupo sim'ilis. An epithet for 
 a species of cynanche, called, also, Lupus, and 
 Strangulator, and absurdly attributed to exces- 
 sive retention of sperm in its reservoirs and itr 
 passage into the blood [?]. — Galen. 
 
 LYCOMAXIA, Lycanthropia. 
 
 LYCOPE BE VIRGINIE, Lycopus Virgini- 
 eus. 
 
 LYCOPER'DOX, from Ivko^ 'a wolf,' and 
 trepSu), '1 break wind;' L. Bovis'ta seu Arrhi'zon 
 seu Gloho'sum, Bovis'ta, Crep'itus Lupi, Fungus 
 Chirurgo'rum, Puff-ball, Bull Fists, jjlol'lipuffs, 
 (Prov.) Puff, (So.) Beil's snuffbox, (E.) Yesseloup. 
 Ord. Fungi. The puff-ball dries into a very fino, 
 light brownish dust, which is sometimes used as a 
 mechanical styptic to arrest hemorrhage. 
 
 Lycoperdon^ Arrhizon, Lycoperdon — 1. Cer- 
 vinum, Elaphomyces granulatus — 1. Globosum, 
 Lycoperdon— 1. Gulosorum, L. Tuber. 
 
 Lycoperdon Pro'teus, Common puff-ball. The 
 fumes of this substance have been found to pro- 
 duce ansesthetization an animals. 
 
 Lycoper'don Tuber, L. Guloso'rum, Tuber 
 Agrioeas' tanum seu Ciba'rium seu Guloso'rum seu 
 Nigrum, Tu'bera Terra, Trnbs, Truffle, (pro- 
 nounced troofle,) (F.) Truffe, A fleshy, firm 
 body, unknown in its mode of reproduction, 
 which is found under ground, especially in dif- 
 ferent parts of France, Italy, kc, and is much 
 esteemed as an aliment. It seems to belong to 
 the champignons, and has a particular perfume. 
 Aphrodisaic virtues have been ascribed to it. 
 
 A Virginia truiHe is called Tuekaho. 
 
 LYCOPERSICUM ESCULEXTUM, Solanum 
 lycopersicum — 1. Pomum amoris, Solanum lyco- 
 persicum — 1. Tuberosum, Solanum tuberosum. 
 
 LYCOPODE, Lycopodium. 
 
 LYCOPO'DIUM, from Aukoj, ' a wolf,' androu?, 
 KoSog, 'afoot.' L. Clava'tum seu Officina'le, Le- 
 pido'tis clava'ta, Cingida'ria, Musciw claca'tus, 
 Club-moss, Wolf's-claxo, Witch-meal. Ord. Ly- 
 copodiaceae. This is the largest of the European 
 mosses. The dust, which fills the capsules of its 
 spikes, is very inflammable, and hence has been 
 called Vegetable Sulphur; — and, also, Fari'na 
 seu Pulvis seu Semen seu Sidphur Lycopo'dii, 
 (F.) Lycopode, Sovfre vegetal. It is used in France 
 and in the United States to roll pills and boluses 
 in; and in medicine is a desiocative, in the exco- 
 riation to which infants are liable. It is collected 
 chiefly in Switzerland and Germany for commerce. 
 
 Lycopodium Clavatuii, Lycopodium. 
 
 Lycopodium CoMPLANA'TU5i,CoOTmo;i CZ«6-»iom, 
 Ground Pine; indigenous; has the same proper- 
 ties as Lycopodium selago. 
 
 Lycopo'dium Officinale, L. clavatum — L 
 Recurvum, L. Selago. 
 
 Lycopodium Sela'go, L. Becur'vum, Planan'- 
 thus fastiga'tus seu sela'go, Muscus erec'tus seu 
 Cathar'tictcs, Sela'go, Upright Club-moss, Fir 
 Club-moss, Upright Fir-moss. A decoction of 
 this plant acts violently as an emetic and purga- 
 tive; and was formerly, on this account, used as 
 an abortive. It is also employed to kill vermin. 
 
 LY'COPUS, L. Virgin'icus seu uni/lo'rus seu 
 pu'mila, Bugleiceed, Water Bugle, Water Hore- 
 hound, Gypsy Weed, Paul's Bet'ony, (F.) Lycope 
 de Virginie. This indigenous herb. Sex. Syst. 
 Diandria Monogynia, Nat. Ord. Labiat.ie, grows 
 throughout the greater part of the United States. 
 The whole herb is said to be slightly narcotic. 
 It is given in infusion, {Lycop. ^j ; aq. fervent. Oj.) 
 Lycopus Pumila, Lycopus. 
 
 Lycopus Sinua'tus, Water Horehound, Gypsy 
 Weed, Paul's Bet'ony, indigenous, has similar 
 properties. 
 
 Lycopus Uniflorus, L. pumila — 1. Yirgini- 
 cus, Lycopus. 
 
LYCOREXIS 
 
 558 
 
 LYMPHOPYRA 
 
 LYCOREXIS, Fames lupina. 
 
 LYCOSA TARENTULA, see Tarantula. 
 
 LYCOSTOMA, Hyperoochasma. 
 
 LYE, Lixivium, Ley — 1. Dyspeptic, see Fuli- 
 gokali — 1. Medioal, see Fuligokali — 1. Tea, Phy- 
 sick's, see Fuligokali. 
 
 LYGISMUS, Luxation. 
 
 LY(JMODBS, Singultus. 
 
 LYGMUS, Singultus. 
 
 LYGODES, Singultus. 
 
 LYING-IN STATE, Parturient state. 
 
 LYING-DOWN STATE, Parturient state. 
 
 LYMA, Lochia; from Auu, 'to wash,' also, filth 
 or sordes, (to be washed away.) Ad/ku, Lyme. 
 
 LYME, Lyma. 
 
 LYMPH, LympTia, from vvii<prj, 'water,' by 
 changing v into X. White blood, Lympha Nn- 
 trit"ia. A name given to the fluid contained in 
 the lymphatic vessels and thoracic duct of ani- 
 mals, which have been made to fast for 24 hours. 
 According to Chevreul, the lymph of the dog 
 contains water, fibrin, albumen, common salt, 
 subcarbonate of soda, phosphates of lime and 
 magnesia, and carbonate of lime. The properties 
 and composition of lymph vary somewhat ac- 
 cording to the part whence the lymphatic vessels 
 obtain it. Generally, it is under the form of a 
 transparent, slightly alkaline fluid, sometimes of 
 a madder-red or yellowish colour, — of a spermatic 
 odour, and saline taste; soluble in water, — the 
 solution becoming turbid, when mixed with alco- 
 hol. When left to itself, it coagulates. The clot 
 or solid portion becomes of a scarlet red, if put 
 in contact with oxygen ; and of a purple red, if 
 placed in carbonic acid. 
 
 Like the blood, the lymph consists of a fluid — 
 Liquor lymphtB — in which lymjih corpuscles or glo- 
 bules are suspended. 
 
 The lymph is probably the product of internal 
 absorption in different parts of the body : it then 
 flows along the lymphatic vessels, uniting with 
 the chyle, and is poured with it into the veins; 
 thus becoming one of the materials of the blood. 
 According to others, the blood, when it reaches 
 the arterial radicles, is divided into two portions, 
 — the one red, which is carried to the heart, — 
 the other serous or white, which is absorbed by 
 the lymphatic vessels, and constitutes the lymph. 
 By others, again, the lymphatics are considered 
 to be the vessels of return for the white blood 
 sent to certain tissues. White blood, however, 
 has probably no existence. 
 
 The word lymph is sometimes used unhappily 
 by the surgeon to signify liquor sanguinis. 
 
 LvMPH, CoAGULABLE, Fibrin, Liquor sanguinis. 
 
 Lymph Corpdscles, see Lymph — 1. Globules, 
 see Lymph — 1. Hearts, Lymphatic hearts. 
 
 Lymph, Plastic, Liquor sanguinis. 
 
 LYMPHA, Lymph — 1. Arborum, see Sap — I. 
 Muculenta narium. Nasal mucus — 1. Nutritia, 
 Lymph — 1. Pancreatis, see Pancreas — I. Pericar- 
 dii, see Pericardium — 1. Plastica, Fibrin. 
 
 LYMPHADENI'TIS : from lymjyh, and adejii- 
 tis, ' inflammation of a gland.' Liflammn'tio 
 ylandida'nim lymphatica'rum, Adeni'tis lymphat'- 
 ica, (F.) Adenite lymphatique. Inflammation of 
 a lymphatic gland or ganglion. 
 
 LYMPH^DUCTUS, Lymphatic vessels. 
 
 LYMPHANGBITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
 
 LY'MPHANGIA,' Lymphatic vessels. 
 
 LY'MPH ANGIEC'T A S I S, Lympheurys'mn ; 
 from lymph, ayytiov, 'a vessel,* and tKraati, 'dila- 
 tation.' Dilatation of lymphatic vessels. 
 
 LYMPHANGIOG'RAPHY, Lymphangiogra- 
 ph'ia ; from lymph, ayyuov, 'a vessel,' andypai/17;, 
 ' a description.' A description of the lymphatic 
 vessels. 
 
 LYiviPHANGIOITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
 
 LYMPHANGIOL'OGY, from Lymphangion, 
 
 ' a lymphatic,' and \oyoi, ' a description.' A 
 treatise on the lymphatics. 
 
 LYMPH ANGIOT'OMY, Lymphangiotom'ia ; 
 from lymph, ayytioi/, ' a vessel,' and rojxt], 'inci- 
 sion.' The anatomy or dissection of the lym- 
 phatic vessels. 
 
 LYMPHANGITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
 
 LYMPHANGON'CUS, Lymphon'cus; from 
 lymph, ayyeiov, 'a vessel,' and oyKos, 'a tumour.' 
 Tumefaction of the Ij'mphatics. 
 
 LYMPHAT'IC, Lymphat'icits. That which 
 relates to lymph ; also, abounding in lymph. See 
 Phlegmatic. 
 
 Lymphatic Hearts, Lymph Hearts. The frog 
 and several other animals are provided with large 
 receptacles for the lymph immediately underneath 
 the skin, which exhibit distinct and regular pul- 
 sations like the sanguiferous heart. Their use 
 appears to be — to propel the lymph. 
 
 Lymphatic System is that particular system 
 of organs which is inservient to the formation and 
 circulation of lymph. These organs are : 
 
 1. Lymphatic Ganglions or Glands, see 
 Conglobate. 
 
 2*. Lymphatic Vessels, Lymjihaduc'tas, Lym- 
 phangi'a, Lymphange'a, VeiicB lymphat'ica, Ductus 
 sero'si, Vasa lymphatica sen resorben' tiu seu hy- 
 drago'ga, Hydrangi'a. These are very numerous. 
 Arising at the surface of membranes and in the 
 tissue of the organs, they carry into the veins the 
 lymph from those parts. Lymphatic vessels are 
 found in every part of the body. AVherever they 
 are met with, however, they form two orders, — 
 one superficial, the other deep-seated ; — the two 
 orders frequently communicating with each other. 
 Lymphatic vessels are generally smaller than 
 arteries and veins. They are very thin, diapha- 
 nous, and cylindrical; but present, here and 
 there, more or less considerable dilatations, 
 caused by valves in their interior. They are 
 slightly tortuous in their course ; their anasto- 
 moses are very numerous, and they often cross 
 each other, forming successive plexuses. Of the 
 arrangement of the extreme radicles we are igno- 
 rant. All the branches, before joining the prin- 
 cipal trunks, pass through lymphatic ganglions, 
 in which they are convoluted, or subdivided almost 
 ad ■infinitum. They are formed of an outer are- 
 olar membrane and an internal coat, similar to 
 that of the veins ; of the latter, the valves are 
 formed. All the lymphatics of the body ulti- 
 mately discharge themselves at the junction of 
 the subclavian and internal jugular veins. Two 
 of these trunks are considerably larger than the 
 others, — the thoracic duct, and the great trunk 
 of the right side, (F.) La grande veine lympha- 
 tique droite. The former receives the lymphatics 
 of the abdomen, of the lower extremities, the left 
 side of the thorax, the left upper extremity, and 
 the corresponding side of the head and neck; 
 the latter receives those of the right upper ex- 
 tremity, and of the right side of the head, neck 
 and thorax. 
 
 LYMPHATITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
 
 LYiMPHE COAGULABLE, Liquor sangui- 
 nis — I. de Cotugno, Cotunnius, liquor of — I. 
 Plastiqne, Liquor sanguinis. 
 
 LYMPHEURYSMA, Lymphangiectasis. 
 
 LYMPHITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
 
 LYMPHIZA'TION. A term used by Profes- 
 sor Gross to signify effusion of coagulable lymph. 
 It is not a happy word, inasmuch as lymph has 
 another meaning, whilst the term ' coagulable 
 lymph' is now almost abandoned. 
 
 LYMPHOCHE'ZIA, from lymph, and ;;^;^7^(o, 'I 
 go to stool.' Serous diarrhoea. 
 
 LYMPHONCUS, Lymphangoncus — 1. Iridis, 
 Iridauxesis. 
 
 LYMPHOPYRA, Fever, adeno-meningeal. 
 
LYMPHORRHAGIA 
 
 i59 
 
 MACHAON 
 
 LYMPHORRHAG"IA, from hjmpli. and 
 pr;y»'u^i, ' I break forth.' Discharge of lymph 
 from a lymphatic vessel, owing to a lesion of its 
 coats. 
 
 LYMPHO'SIS. The preparation or elabora- 
 tion of Ivraph. 
 
 LYMPHOT'OMY, from hjmpha, 'lymph,' and 
 T£f/va), •' I cut.' Dissection of the lymphatics. 
 
 LYNCH'S EMBROCA'TION. "An emollient 
 nostrum, formed of olive oil impregnated with 
 hergnmot and other essences, and coloured with 
 alkanet root. 
 
 LYJfGODES, Singultous — 1. Febris, Fever, 
 singultous. 
 
 LYNGYODES, Sintrnltous. 
 
 LYNN WAHOO, Ulmus alata. 
 
 LYNX, Singultus. 
 
 LYPE, Athymia. 
 
 LYPEMANIA, Melancholy. 
 
 LYPE'RIA CRO'CEA. A South African 
 plant, Nat. Orel. Scrophuhiriacea;, the flowers of 
 which closely resemble saffron in smell and taste, 
 and possess similar medical virtues. 
 
 LYPEROPHRENIE, Melancholy. 
 
 LYPOMA, Lipoma. 
 
 L Y P T H Y M ' I A, from \vi:n, ' sadness,' and 
 ^ujjios, ' the mind.' Very great sadness or de- 
 spondency. 
 
 LYRA, \vpa, ' the lyre.' Psalter, Psalte'rium, 
 Corpus Psallo'i'cles, Lyra Da'vidis, Lam'ina me- 
 didla'ris triangula'ris cer'ehri, Spa'tium trigo'- 
 uum. The under surface of the posterior part of 
 the body of the fornix is impressed with nume- 
 rous transverse and oblique lines, which have 
 been so called from some resemblance they bear 
 to the ancient lyre. 
 
 LYRINGIUM, Eryngium campestre. 
 
 LYSIA, Lysis. 
 
 LYSIMA'CHIA NUMMULA'RIA. L. nem'o- 
 rum, Nummula'rin, Hirui>dinu'rin, Centimor'bia, 
 Creeping Loose Strife, Money Wort, (P.) Herhe 
 aux ecus. Ord. Primulaceas. This plant was 
 formerly accounted vulnerary. It has been con- 
 sidered to possess antiscorbutic and astringent 
 qualities, and has been used in leucorrhoea. 
 
 Lysimachia Purpdrea, Lythrum salicaria. 
 
 LrsnrA'cHiA Quadrifo'lia, Four-Leaved Loose 
 Strife, Crossiciort, an indigenous plant, is astrin- 
 gent; and has been used as a stomachic and an- 
 tiperiodic. 
 
 LYSIS, Lysia, Auo-iy, from Xuio, 'I dissolve.' 
 Solution. A common suffix; also, a name giver 
 to solutions or terminations of disease, which arf" 
 operated insensibly ; that is, gradually and with 
 out critical symptoms. 
 
 LYSSA, Hydrophobia — 1. Canina, Hydropho 
 bia. 
 
 LYSSAS, Maniodes. 
 
 LYSSETER, Maniodes. 
 
 LYSSODEC'TUS, from f^vaaa, 'canine mad 
 ness,' and iriKuj, or iaKvui, • I bite.' Hydroph'- 
 ohua ; Cane rab'ido morsus. One who has been 
 bitten by a mad dog, or is actually labouring 
 under hydrophobia. 
 
 L Y S S D E G'M A, Lyssodcg'mus, Lyssodex' is, 
 same etymon. The bite of a mad dog. 
 
 LYSSODEXIS, Lyssodegma. 
 
 LYTE'RIOS, \vTr]oiog, (from \v<ji, 'I dissolve,') 
 'solving.' An epithet given to those signs which 
 announce the solution of a very violent disease. 
 
 LYTHRUM ALATUM, see Lythrum salicaria 
 — 1. Hyssopifolia, Lythrum salicaria. 
 
 LvTHRuir Salica'ria, from Xvdpov, 'blood, and 
 dust,' on account of the colour of the flowers of 
 some species, Lysima'chia purpu'rea, Salica'ria 
 vulga'ris seu spiea'ta ; — the Common or Purp/e 
 Willoio Herb. Ord. Lythracese. The herb, root, 
 and flowers possess a considerable degree of as- 
 tringency, and are used, occasionally, in the cure 
 of diarrhoea and dysentery, leucorrhcea, haemop- 
 tysis, &c. 
 
 Ltthrttm HYSSoriFo'LiA, and L. Ala'tcm ; 
 indigenous, have similar properties. 
 
 LYTTA C^RULEA, see Cantharis— 1. Gigas 
 mas, see Cantharis — 1. Ruficeps, see Cantharis. 
 
 Lytta Ru'fipes. Class, Insecta ; Ord. Cole- 
 optera. A variety of Lytta, peculiar to Chili, 
 which is more active as a vesicant than the can- 
 tharis, or the Lytta Vittata. 
 
 Lytta Segetusi, see Cantharis — 1. Vesicatoria, 
 Cantharis. 
 
 Lytta Vitta'tA, Can'tharis vittata, Pota'to 
 Fly, (F.) Cantharide tachetee. Four species of 
 meloe that blister, are found in the United 
 States. The lytta vittata feeds principally upon 
 the potato plant, and, at the proper season of the 
 year, may be collected in immense numbers. The 
 potato fly resembles the cantharides in every pro- 
 perty, and is fully equal to them. 
 
 M. 
 
 M. This letter signifies, in prescriptions, ma- 
 nipidus, 'a handful.' Also, misce, 'mix.' See 
 Abbreviation. 
 
 MACAPATLI, Smilas sarsaparilla. 
 
 MACARO'NI. An alimentary paste, moulded 
 of a cylindrical shape, and formed of rice or 
 wheaten flour. It is eaten — when boiled — in 
 soup; prepared with cheese, Ac. See Turandse 
 Italicse. 
 
 Also, a name formerly given to a pulverulent 
 compound of sugar and glass of antimony, car- 
 ried into France by the Italian monks, and em- 
 ployed at the hospital La Charite in the treat- 
 ment of painters' colic. 
 
 MACARONS, Biscuits, medicinal. 
 
 MACE, see Myristica moschata — m. Reed, 
 Tvpha latifolia. 
 
 'mACBDONISTUM, Smyrnium olusatrum. 
 
 MACER, Gracilis. 
 
 MACERA'TION, 3lacera'tio, from macerare, 
 maceratum, ' to soften by water.' An operation 
 which consists in infusing, usually without heat, 
 a solid substance in a liquid, so as to extract its 
 virtues. 
 
 MACERONA. Smyrnium olusatrum. 
 
 MACES, see Myristica moschata. 
 
 MACESCERE, Emaciate. 
 
 MACH^RA, Culter, Knife, Penis. 
 
 MACHJ3RIDI0N, MachEerion. 
 
 M A C H ^ ' R 1 N, 3Iacha>:rius, Macharid'ion, 
 Gladi'olns, from fia')(^aipa, 'a sword,' jJiaxv, 'a 
 fight.' A knife. An amputating knife. Rufus 
 of Ephesus asserts, that the Aruspices gave this 
 name to a part of the liver of animals. 
 
 MACH^RIS, Knife, Novacula. 
 
 MACHA'ON, from ftaxaio, 'I desire to fight.' 
 The son of ^sculapius, and a celebrated phy- 
 sician. 
 
MACHAONIA 
 
 560 
 
 MADESIS 
 
 MACHAO'NIA seu MACHAON'ICA ARS. 
 Medicine. The Mealing Art: — so called after 
 Machaon, the son of Jjlseulapius. 
 
 MACHI'NAL, Mechan'icus. This epithet is 
 added especially by French writers to the word 
 movement, to express that the will takes no part 
 in it. 
 
 MACHINE', Mach'ina, Ifachinamen'tnm, 
 Mech'ane, Mechane'ma. A more or less com- 
 pound instrument or arrangement for putting a 
 body in motion, or for producing any action 
 whatever. Physiologists sometimes use it for 
 the animal body ; — as the machine or animal 
 machine. 
 
 MACHLOSYNE, Nymphomania. 
 MAGHOIRE, Maxillary bone — m. Diacrani- 
 enne, Maxillary bone, lower — m. Syncranienne, 
 Maxillary bone, superior, 
 
 MACIES, Atrophy, Emaciation — m. Infantum, 
 Tabes mesenterica. 
 
 MACILENTUS, Gracilis. 
 MACIS, see Myristica moschata. 
 MACRAU'CHEN, from macros, and avxnv, 
 'the neck.' Longo collo prce'ditus. One who has 
 a long neck. — Galen. 
 
 MAGRE FLOTTANTE, Trapa natans. 
 MACRITITDO, Emaciation. 
 MACROBIOSIS, Longevity. 
 MACROBIOTES, Longevity. 
 MACROBIOT'IC, Jfacroliot'icus, Nacroli'o- 
 tus, Macro'bius, Longm'vus, from macros, and /3iof, 
 •life.' That which lives a long time. The 
 macrobiotic art, Macrobiot'ics, (F.) Macrobiotique, 
 is the art of living a long time. 
 MACROBIOTUS, Macriobiotic. 
 MACROBIUS, Macrobiotic. 
 MACROCEPHALIA, see Capitones. 
 MACROCBPH'ALUS, Makroceph'alus, (F.) 
 Macrocephale ; from macros, and Knpa'Xr], ' head.' 
 Qui magnum habet caput, ' One who has a large 
 head.' This epithet is given to children born 
 with heads so large that they seem to be hydro- 
 cephalic; but in which the unusual development 
 is owing to a large size of the brain. Such are 
 supposed to be more than ordinarily liable to 
 convulsions. [?] The term has also been applied 
 by Hippocrates to certain Asiatics who had long 
 heads. See Capitones. 
 
 MACROCHI'RIA, from macros, and ^fip, 
 'hand.' Monstrosity, characterized by excessive 
 development of the hands. 
 
 MACPi-OCO'LIA, from macros, and KuAoy, 'a 
 limb.' Great length of limbs in general, and of 
 the lower limbs in particular. 
 
 MACROCOSM, Macrocosm' us, from macros, 
 and Koaiioi, ' world.' The universe, in contradis- 
 tinction to 3Ticrocosm, which means man. 
 
 MACRODAC'TYLUS, from macros, and ^uktv- 
 \os, '& finger.' Having long fingers. 
 
 MACROGASTER PLATYPUS, Acarus folli- 
 culorum. 
 
 MACROGLOSSA, see Macroglossus. 
 MACROGLOS'SUS, from macros, and yXwaaa, 
 ' tongue.' One who has a very large or prolapsed 
 tongue. See Paraglossa. 
 
 MACROMEL'IA, from macros, and /isAoj, 
 ' limb.' Monstrosity, which consists in the ex- 
 cessive size of some limb. 
 
 MACRONOSI^, Chronic diseases. 
 MACROPHAL'LUS, from macros, and (paWo;, 
 ' the male organ.' A large size of the male 
 organ. 
 
 MACROPHO'NUS, from macros, and ipuivn, 
 'voice.' One who has a strong voice. 
 
 MACROPHTHAL'MUS, from macros, and 
 oftSaA/ios, ' eye.' Having large eyes. 
 
 MACROPHYSOCEPH'ALUS, from macros, 
 (pvaa, 'air,' and Ki(pa\n> ' head.' A word used by 
 Ambrose Pare to designate an augmentation of 
 
 the head of the foetus, produced by a sort of em- 
 physema [?], which retards delivery. 
 
 MACROPIPER, Piper longum. 
 
 MACROPNCE'A, from macros, and Tn-Eu, 'I 
 breathe.' A long and deep respiration. 
 
 MACROP'NUS, Maerop'noos. Same etymon. 
 Long breathed. One who breathes slowly: — a 
 word met with in some authors. — Hippocrates. 
 
 MACROP'ODUS, Mac'ropus, Megal'opus, from 
 macros, and wouj, tto&os, 'foot.' One who has a 
 large foot. 
 
 MACROPROSO'PIA, from macros, and rporro)- 
 ■:!ov, ' face.' Monstrosity, characterized by exces- 
 sive size of face. 
 
 MACROR, Emaciation. 
 
 MACROR'RHIS, from macros, and pif, or ptr, 
 'nose.' One who has a long nose. 
 
 MACROS, liUKpoi, ' great.' Long. 
 
 MACROS'CELES, Grura longa habeas ; from 
 macros, and okiKos, ' the leg.' One who has long 
 logs. 
 
 MACROSI^, Chronic diseases. 
 
 MACROSOMATIA, see Giant. 
 
 MACROSOMIA, see Giant. 
 
 MACRO'TES, from macros, and ovq, uto;, 'an 
 ear.' One who has long ears. 
 
 MACROTRYS RACEMOSA, see Act«a raee- 
 mosa. 
 
 MACULA. A spot. Byschrce'a, Celis, Lnbes, 
 (F.) Tache. A permanent discoloration of some 
 portion of the skin, often with a change of its 
 texture. Ephelis, Ncbvus, Spilus, &c., belong to 
 Maculae. 
 
 Macula, Molecule — m. Aurea, see Foramen 
 centrale retinae — m. Cornese, Caligo — m. Corneas 
 arcuata, Gerotoxon — m. Cornese margaritacea, 
 Paralampsis — m. Cribrosa, see Auditory canal, 
 internal — m. Emortualis, see Suggillation — m. 
 Flava, see Foramen centrale retinae — m. Fusca, 
 Ephelides — m. Germinativa, see Molecule — m. 
 Hepatica, Chloasma materna, Nasvus — m. Lenti- 
 cularis, Ephelides — m. Lutea retinae, see Fora- 
 men centrale — m. Matricalis, Neevus — m. Matri- 
 cis, Nasvus — m. Nigra, see Optic nerve — m. Solaris, 
 Ephelides. 
 
 MACULE ALB^, 31. Lac'tem, Jn'sulm, Milk- 
 spots. White spots, seen on serous membranes, 
 especially on that investing the heart, and which 
 appear to be the result of previous inflammatory 
 action. 
 
 Maculje Ante Oculos Volitantes, Metamor- 
 phopsia — m. Lacteae, M. Alba3. 
 MACULOSUS, Sable. 
 MAD, Insane — m. Doctor, see Psychiatria. 
 MADAR, Mudar. 
 
 MADARO'SIS, from naiapoq, 'bald.' ITadaro'- 
 ma, Made'sis, Madar'otes, Made'ma, Mad'isis, 
 Dep)luma'tio, MilphcB, Milpho'sis, Ptilo'sis, Cal- 
 vi'ties. Loss of the hair, particularly of the eye- 
 lashes. 
 
 MADAROTES, Madarosis. 
 MADDER, DYERS', Rubia. 
 MADEIRA, CLIMATE OF. This island is 
 much frequented by pulmonary invalids, on ac- 
 count of the mildness and equability of its cli- 
 mate. Owing, indeed, to the mildness of the 
 winter, and the coolness of the summer, together 
 with the remarkable equality of the temperature 
 during day and night, as well as throughout the 
 year, it has been considered that the climate of 
 Madeira is the finest in the northern hemisphere. 
 Sir James Clark is of opinion that there is no 
 place on the continent of Europe, with which he 
 is acquainted, where the pulmonary invalid could 
 reside with so much advantage, during the whole 
 year, as in Madeira. 
 
 MADELEON, Bdellium. 
 MADEMA, Madarosis. 
 MADESIS, Depilation, Madarosis. 
 
MADisrs 
 
 561 
 
 MAGNESIA 
 
 MADISIS, Depilation, Madarosis. 
 
 MADISON SPRINaS, see Georgia, Mineral 
 waters of. 
 
 MADISTE'RIITM, nahartniiov, Triehola'hium, 
 Trichol'abis, Vohel'la. Tweezers. An instru- 
 ment for extracting hairs. 
 
 MAD JOUND, Macljowi. A mixture of powdered 
 hemp and honey, used as a narcotic agent, like 
 tobacco, bjT the Algerines. 
 
 MADNESS, CANINE, Hydrophobia — m. 
 Raving or furious. Mania. 
 
 MADOR, Moisture. A cold sweat. 
 
 MADORIUS, Mudar. 
 
 MADREPORA OCULATA, see Coral. 
 
 MADWEED, Scutellaria lateriflora. 
 
 M.EA. Midwife. 
 
 M^^EIA, Obstetrics. 
 
 MJEEUMA, see Parturition. 
 
 M^IA, Obstetrics. 
 
 MAESA PICTA, Saoria. 
 
 MiEUSIS, Parturition. 
 
 MiEUTRIA, Midwife. 
 
 M AGDA'LIA, Magda'hon, Ifagda'h's. ' Crumb 
 of bread.' Any medicine, as a pill, formed of 
 crumb of bread. A roll of plaster. 
 
 MAGEIRICE, Culinary art. 
 
 MAGGOT PIMPLE, see Acne. 
 
 MAGIS, nayis, 'a cake.' A sort of cake, com- 
 posed of cloves, garlic and cheese, beaten to- 
 gether. — Hippocrates. 
 
 MAGISTERIUM, Magistery — m. Bismuthi, 
 Bismuth, subnitrate of — m. Jalapse, Resin of 
 Jalap — m. Marcasitae, Bismuth, subnitrate of — 
 m. Plumbi, Plumbi subcarbonas — m. Sulphuris, 
 Sulphur lotura — m. Tartar! purgans, PotassEe 
 acetas. 
 
 MAG''ISTERT, 3Iagiste' rinm, from magisfer, 
 'a master.' Certain precipitates from saline so- 
 lutions were formerly so called ; as well as other 
 medicines, the j^reparation of which was kept 
 secret. 
 
 Magistery of Bismuth, Bismuth, subnitrate 
 of. 
 
 MAG"ISTRAL, 3[agistra'U8. Same etymon. 
 Extempora' neons. A prescription is so called — 
 Fonn'ula magistra'lis seu extempora'nea — which 
 is prepared extemporaneously; an officinal pre- 
 scription — Form'ula officina'lis — being such as 
 has been prepared for some time before it is pre- 
 scribed. 
 
 MAGTSTRANTIA, Imperatoria. 
 
 MAGMA, nayfia, (F.) Jfarc. The thick resi- 
 duum, obtained after expressing certain sub- 
 stances to extract the fluid parts from them. The 
 grounds which remain after treating a substance 
 with water, alcohol, or any other menstruum. 
 Also, a salve of a certain consistence. 
 
 Magma or Marc of Olives is the residuum 
 after the greatest possible quantity of oil has been 
 extracted from olives by making them ferment. 
 It was formerly employed as a stimulant, under 
 the form of a bath — to which the name Bain de 
 Marc was given by the French. 
 
 Magma or Marc of Grapes, Bry'tia, was 
 once employed for the same purposes. 
 
 3IAGMA RETICULE, 'reticulated magma.' 
 The gelatiniform substance found between the 
 chorion and amnion in the early period of em- 
 bryonic existence. 
 MAGNES, Magnet. 
 
 Magxes Arsenica'lis. {SulpTiur, white arse- 
 711C, and common antimony, of each equal parts. 
 Mis by fusion.) It is corrosive. See Magnetic 
 plaster. 
 
 Magnes Epilepsia, Hydrargyri sulphuretum 
 rubrum. 
 
 MAGNE'SIA, Abarnahas, Chamhar, Terra 
 ama'ra, Magnesia terra, Tale earth; from mag- 
 nes, ' the magnet.' An alkaline earth whose me- 
 36 
 
 tallic base is magnesium. The term Magncsi.-i 
 was employed, of old, for any substance that 
 seemed to have the power of attracting some 
 principle from the air. At present it is restricted 
 to— 
 
 Magnesia, M. uata seu calcina'ta, Cal'cined 
 Magnesia, Oxide of magnr'sium, (F.) MagiiMe 
 bru/ee, 3Iagnesie, 31. Caustiqne. This is obtained 
 bj' exposing carbonate of magnesia to a strong 
 heat. It is inodorous; taste very slightly bitter; 
 in the form of a white, light, spongy, soft powder. 
 S. g. 2-3 ; requiring 2000 times its weight of water 
 for its solution. It is antacid, and laxative when 
 it meets with acid in the stomach. Dose, gr. s 
 to 3j' in water or milk. 
 
 Henry's, Husband's, and Ellis's 3Iagnesia, are 
 dense forms of this preparation. 
 
 Magnesia, Acetate of, Magnesife acetas — 
 m. Aerata, Magnesias carbonas — m. Alba, M. car- 
 bonas — m. Calcinata, M. usta — m. Citrate of. 
 Magnesias oitras — m. Dinneford's, see Magnesia, 
 fluid — m. Edinburgensis, M. carbonas. 
 
 Magnesia, Effervescing, Moxon's. (3fag- 
 nes. carb. ; 31. sxdphat. ; Soda hicarbon., Acid 
 tartaric, aa partes ffiquales ; to be pulverized, 
 well dried, mixed, and enclosed in bottles herme- 
 tically sealed.) Dose, a teaspoonful in half a 
 tumbler of water, drunk in a state of eflervescence. 
 Magnesia, Ellis's, see Magnesia. 
 Magnesia, Fluid. Under this name a prepa- 
 ration is designated, which consists of a solution 
 of carbonate of magnesia in carbonated water. 
 It is also termed carbonated magnesia icater, ae- 
 rated magnesia water, and condensed solution of 
 magnesia, (F.) Eau viagnesicnne. Dinneford's 
 3Iagnesia is a solution of this kind. 
 
 Magnesia, Henry's, Magnesia — ra. Husband's, 
 see Magnesia — m. Mitis, Magnesiee carbonas — m. 
 Muriate of, Magnesii chloridum — m. Nigra, Man- 
 ganese, black oxide of. 
 
 Magnesia Opali'na. A name given by Le- 
 mery to a mixture of equal parts of antimony, 
 nitrate ofpotassa, and chloride of sodium, (decre- 
 pitated.) It has emetic properties, but is not 
 used. 
 
 Magnesia Salis Amari, Magnesia carbonas 
 — m. Salis Ebsdamensis, Magnesia carbonas — m. 
 Saturni, Antimonium — m. Solution of, condensed, 
 M. fluid — m. Subcarbonate of. Magnesia carbo- 
 nas — m. Subcarbonate of, hydrated, Magnesia3 
 carbonas — m. Terra, Magnesia — m. Yitriolata, 
 Magnesife sulphas — m. and Soda, sulphate of, see 
 Soda, sulphate of— m. Usta, Magnesia. 
 
 Magne'sije Ace'tas, Ac"ctate of 3fagne'sia. 
 This salt is prepared by saturating carbonate of 
 magnesia with acetic acid. It is of syrupy con- 
 sistence, and about four ounces is a dose. It acts 
 like citrate of magnesia. 
 
 Magnesia Car'bonas seu Subcar'bonas, 3Iag- 
 nesia (Dublin), 3T. aera'ta seu carbon'ica seu 
 alba, 31. Suhcarbon'ica seu 3Iitis seu Edinburg- 
 en'sis seu Salis Ebsdamen'sis seu Salis ama'ri, 
 Car'bonas magne'sicum, Lac terra, Hypoenr'bonaa 
 magne'sicB, Terra amara aera'ta seu absor'bens 
 minera'lis seu talco'sa oxyanthraco'des, Subcar'- 
 bonate of 3Iagnesia, Hy'drated Subear'bonate of 
 3[o,gnesia, (F.) Sous-carbonate ou carbonate de 
 3Iaqnesie, 3fagnesie aerie ou blanche ou crayeuse 
 ou douce ou effervescente OU moijenne ou Anglaise, 
 Craie ou Terre magnesienne, Lait de Terre, Pa- 
 nacee Anglaise, Poudre de Sentinelli ou de Valen- 
 tini ou du Comte de Palme ou de Zwinger. Pre- 
 pared from sulphate of magnesia by subcarbonate 
 of potassa. It is inodorous ; insipid ; light; white : 
 spongy; opake; effervescing with acids; inso- 
 luble in water. Properties the same as the last ; 
 but the carbonic acid, when set free, sometimes 
 causes unpleasant distension. 
 
 Magnesi-e Citras, Citrate of 3[agnesia, (F.) 
 
MAGNESIAN LEMONADE 
 
 56: 
 
 MAGNOLIA GLAUCA 
 
 Citrate de Ifagniste. A saline preparation, formed 
 by saturating a solution of eitric acid with either 
 magnesia or its carionate. Dose, an ounce. It 
 is devoid of the bitter taste of the magnesian 
 salts. 
 
 A solution in water, or in mineral water, sweet- 
 ened with syrup, and acidulated with citric acid, 
 makes an agreeable purgative. A simple solu- 
 tion in water has been called magnesian lemonade. 
 In the effervescing state, it is the efferveneing 
 ■/iiagnesian lemonade. The Pharmacopoeia of the 
 United States (1861) has a form for the Liquor 
 MagnesIjE Citra'tis, Solution of Citrate nf 3Iag- 
 nesia. Take of Carhonate of magnesia, '^y ; ci- 
 tric acid, ^^viiss ; Syrup of citric acid, f.^ij ," 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. Dissolve the citric 
 acid in f.^iv of water, and add '^'w of the carjio- 
 nate of magnesia, previously rubbed with f^iij 
 of water. When the reaction has ceased, filter 
 into a strong f^xij glass bottle, into which the 
 syrup of citric acid has been previously intro- 
 duced. Rub the remaining carbonate of magne- 
 sia with f,^ij of water, and pour the mixture into 
 the bottle, which must be well corked, and secured 
 with twine; and shake the mixture occasionally 
 until it becomes transparent. As a cathartic the 
 whole of this may be taken. 
 
 MagiNesijo Hypocarbonas, M. carbonas — m. 
 Subcarbonas, M. carbonas — m. Vitriolicum, Mag- 
 nesifB sulphas. 
 
 MagnesijE Sulphas, Sulphas Ifagnesia puri- 
 fca'ta, Magnesia vitriola'ta, Sal catlia^-'ticus 
 ama'rua seu catJiarticum amantm seu ama'rum 
 sen Anglica'niim seu Epsomen'sis seu catJiarticus 
 Anglica'nns seu Sedlicen'sis seu Ehsdamen'se seu 
 Seydschiilzen'se, Terra ama'ra sidphu'rica. Vitri- 
 ol' icum Magne'sicB, Sulphate of Ilagnesia, Epsom 
 Salt, Bitter purging Salt, (F.) Sulfate de mag- 
 nesie, Scl admirable de Lemery, Sel d'Egra. Gene- 
 rally obtained from sea-water. Its taste is bitter 
 and disagreeable. It is soluble in an equal 
 quantity of water at 60°. It is purgative and 
 diuretic. Dose, as a cathartic, ^ss to ^ij. 
 
 MAGNESIAN LEMONADE, "Magnesis 
 citras. ^ ^ 
 
 uVAGNESIE AER£e, JIagnesias carbonas— 
 — m. Anglaise, Magnesise carbonas — m. Blanche, 
 MagnesiaB carbonas — m. Brxdee, Magnesia usta — 
 m. Carhonate de, Magnesite carbonas — m. Cana- 
 tique. Magnesia usta — in. Citrate de, Magnesise 
 citras — m. Crayease, Magnesife carbonas — -m. 
 Douce, Magnesise carbonas — m. Effervescente, 
 Magnesias carbonas — m. I/oyenne, Magnesiee car- 
 bonas — m. SoHscarbonate de, Magnesite carbonas 
 — m. S'-dfate de, Maenesife sulphas. 
 
 MAGNE'SII CIILO'RIDUM, Chloride of 
 Magne'sium, JIu'rinte of 3!agnesia. This bitter 
 deliquescent salt has been given as a mild and 
 eiFective cholagogue cathartic, in the dose of half 
 an ounce to the adult. Being deliquescent, it 
 may be kept dissolved in its weight of water. 
 
 MAGNESIUM, see Magnesia— m. Chloride of, 
 Magnesii chloridum — m. Oxide of, Magnesia 
 usta. 
 
 MAGNET, Ifagnes, llagne'tes, Ferrum magnes 
 attraeto'rivin, Sideri'tes, Sideri'tis, Lapis hera- 
 cle'us seu Si/deri'tis seu nau'ticus, 3Iagni'tis, so 
 called from Magnes, its discoverer, or from Mag- 
 nesia, where it is said to have been first found. 
 (F.) Aimant. Pirrre d'Aimant. The magnet or 
 loadstone An amorphous, oxydulated ore of 
 iron, which exerts an attraction on unmagnetized 
 iron, and has the property of exhibiting poles ; 
 that is, of pointing by one of its extremities to 
 the north. This ore, by constant or long rub- 
 bing, communicates its properties to iron ; and 
 thus artificial magnets are formed. Magnetic 
 ore is found in many countries, and particularly 
 in the island of Ellia. The magnet is sometimes 
 
 used to extract spicula of iron from the eye or 
 from wounds. It has been employed as an anti- 
 spasmodic ; but acts only through the imagina- 
 tion. The powder has been given as a tonic. In 
 Pharmacy, it is used to purify iron filings. It 
 attracts the iron, and the impurities remain be- 
 hind. It formerly entered, as an ingredient, into 
 several plasters, to draw bullets and heads of 
 arrows from the body — as the Emplastrum divi- 
 num Nicolai, the Emplastrum nigrum of Augs- 
 burg, the Opodeldoch, and Attractivum of Para- 
 celsus, &G. 
 
 MAGNETES, Magnet. 
 
 MAGNET'IC, Magnet'icns, (F.) Ilagnetique. 
 Same etymon. That which belongs or relates to 
 magnetism ; — mineral or animal. 
 
 Magnetic Fluid. A name given to the im- 
 ponderable fluid to which the magnet owes its 
 virtues. By analogy it is applied to a particular 
 principle, supposed to be the source of organic 
 actions, which affects, it is conceived, the ner- 
 vous system principally, and is susceptible of 
 being transmitted from one living body to an- 
 other, by contact or simple approximation, and 
 especially under the influence of fixed volition. 
 See Magnetism, Animal. 
 
 Magnetic Plaster. A plaster, at present, 
 not used. It has for its base a mixture, called 
 Ifagnes arsenica'lis ; formed of equal parts of 
 antimony, sulphur and arsenic melted together in 
 a glass cucurbit. The name 31agnetic pilaster 
 was, likewise, given to such as contained pow- 
 dered magnet. 
 
 MAGNETINUS, Potassae supertartras im- 
 purus. 
 
 MAG'NETISM, AN'IMAL, 3fes'merism,Path'. 
 etism, Neuroga'mia, Bioga'mia, Biomagnetis'mus, 
 Zoomagnetia'mus, Exon'evrism (proposed by Mr. 
 H. Mayo), Telluris'mus, Anthropomagnetis'mus, 
 Gar'gale, Gargalis'mus, Oar'galus. Properties 
 attributed to the influence of a particular prin- 
 ciple, which has been compared to that which 
 characterizes the magnet. It is supposed to be 
 transmitted from one person to another, and to 
 impress peculiar modifications on organic action, 
 especially on that of the nerves. The discus- 
 sions, to which this strange belief has given rise, 
 are by no means terminated. There is no evi- 
 dence whatever of the existence of such a fluid. 
 Highly impressible persons can be thrown into a 
 kind of hysteric or 'magnetic' sleep and somnam- 
 bulism, (designated by Mr. Braid, hypi'notism, 
 neuro-hyp'notism, and iiervous sleep) ; but farther 
 than this, the efforts of the magnetizer cannot 
 reach. It is a mode of action upon the nerves 
 through the medium of the senses. 
 
 MAGNETIZATION, Mesmerization. 
 
 MAGNETIZED, Mesmerized. 
 
 MAGNETIZER, Mesmerizer. 
 
 MAGNITIS. Magnet. 
 
 MAGNITUDO CORPORIS, Stature— m. Gi- 
 gantea, see Giant. 
 
 MAGNOC, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 MAGNOLIA FRAGRANS, M. glauca. 
 
 Magno'lia Glauca, Magnolia, M. fragrnns, 
 Small Magnolia, Swamp Sas'safras, Elk Barh, 
 Indian Baric, White Laurel, Sweet Bay, Beaver 
 Wood, Beaver Tree, White Bay, Cinchona of 
 Virginia, Castor Bay, Sweet or Laurel magnolia, 
 (F. ) J/agnolier glatique. Ord. Magnoliaccee. 
 The bark is possessed of tonic properties, resem- 
 bling those of ca,scarilla, eanella, <fcc. The same 
 may be said of the Magnolia tripet'ala sen Um- 
 l)rell», Umbrel'la tree; the 31. acumina'ta or 
 Cu'cumber tree, the 3f. grandiflo'ra and 3L ma- 
 crophyl'la. Laurel, Elk wood, Silverleaf Big leaf, 
 White Bay, Beaver Tree, Rli;. hark. Big bloom. 
 
 Magnolia (Ph. U. S.), is the bark of 3fagnoh'a 
 glauca, 3L acumina'ta, and M, tripet'ala. 
 
MAGNOLIER GLAZTQUE 563 MA L ABIES ACQ VISES 
 
 3IAGN0LIER GLAUQUE, Magnolia glauea. 
 
 MAGNUM DEI DONUM, Cinchona. 
 
 Magnum Os. The third bone of the lower row 
 of the carpus, reckoning from the thumb. It is 
 the largest bone of the carpus ; and is, also, called 
 Os capita' turn; (F.) Grand Os. 
 
 MAGRUMS. A popular name in the State of 
 New York for a singular convulsive affection, 
 which resembles chorea. It rarely, however, oc- 
 curs before the adult age ; never ceases sponta- 
 neously, and, when fully developed, is devoid of 
 any paroxysmal character. 
 
 MAGUEY, Agave Americana. 
 
 MAHMOUDY, Convolvulus scammonia. 
 
 MAHOGAN FEBRIFUGE, Swietenia febri- 
 fuga. 
 
 MAHOGANY, Gynocladus Canadensis. Also, 
 a drink in use among the Cornish fishermen of 
 England, which is made of two parts gin and one 
 part treacle, well beaten together. An analogous 
 drink — a mixture of whisky and honey, (see 
 Mead, under Hydromel,) is known in the High- 
 lands of Scotland by the name Athol porridge. 
 
 Mahogany Mountain, Betula lenta — m. Tree, 
 Swietenia mahogani. 
 
 MAIANTHEMUM, Convallaria maialis. 
 
 MAIDENHAIR, Adiantum capillus veneris — 
 m. American, Adiantum pedatum — m. Canada, 
 Adiantum pedatum — m. Common, Asplenium 
 triehomanoides — m. Golden, Polytrichum — m. 
 White, Asplenium ruta muraria. 
 
 MAIDENHEAD, Virginity. 
 
 MAIDENHOOD, Virginity. 
 
 MAIEIA, Obstetrics. 
 
 MAIEUMA, see Parturition. 
 
 MAIEUSIS, Parturition. 
 
 MAIEUTA, see Parturition. 
 
 MAIEUTER, Accoxicheur. 
 
 MAIBUTES, Accoucheur. 
 
 MAIEUTICA ARS, Obstetrics. 
 
 MAIGREUR, Emaciation. 
 
 3TAILLET, Mallet. 
 
 3r AIL LOT, Swathing clothes. 
 
 31 A IN, Manus. 
 
 MAIRANIA UVA URSI, Arbutus urva ursi. 
 
 3IAIS, Zea mays. 
 
 3IAIS0N- PETITE, Morotrophium, 
 
 MAJOR HEL'ICIS. A narrow band of mus- 
 cular fibres situate upon the anterior border of 
 the helix of the ear, just above the tragus. 
 
 MAJORANA, Origanum majorana — m. Hor- 
 tensis. Origanum majorana — m. Syriaca, Teu- 
 crium marum. 
 
 MAKROCEPHALUS, Macrocephalus. 
 
 NAL I)'A3I0UR, Odontalgia. 
 
 3IAL DES ARDENS. A name given to a 
 species of pestilential erysipelas or Saint Antho- 
 ny's fire, which reigned epidemically in France, 
 in 11.30. 
 
 31 AL D'AVENTURE, Paronychia — m. di 
 Breno, Scherlievo — m. Caduc, Epilepsy — m. de 
 Cerf, Tetanus. 
 
 31 AL BE CR13IEE (F.), Llpre des Cosaaqnea, 
 Lepra Taa'rica. A variety of lepra in the 
 Crimea. 
 
 3IAL DE DENT, Odontalgia— m. d'Estomac, 
 Chthonophagia — m. Divin, Epilepsy — m. d' En- 
 fant, Pains (Labour) — m. di Fiume, Scherlievo — 
 7n. Frangais, Syphilis — m. de Gorge, Cynanche — 
 m. Grand, see Epilepsy — m. Haut, Epilepsy — m, 
 de 3Idchoire, Trismus — m. de 3Ier, Nausea ma- 
 rina — m. de 3Iere, Hysteria — m. de 3Iisere, Pel- 
 lagra — m. de 3Iontagne, Puna — m. de Naples, 
 Syphilis — vi. Petit, see Epilepsy — m. des Pieds et 
 des mains, Aerodynia — m. Regionale, Endemy — • 
 m. de la Rosa, Pellagra — m. du Roi, Scrofula — m. 
 Rouge de Cayenne, Elephantiasis of Cayenne — m. 
 Saint Antoine, Erysipelas — m. Saint Jean, Epi- 
 
 lepsy — m. Saint 3Iain, Lepra, Psora — m. di Scher^ 
 lievo, Scherlievo — m. de Sia?H, Fever, yellow. 
 
 3IAL DE SAN LAZARO, Cocobay. A le- 
 prous disease, common in Colombia, S. America. 
 
 3IAL DEL SOLE, Pellagra — m. de Sologne, 
 Ergotism — m. de Terre, Epilepsy — m. d Tete, 
 Cephalalgia — m. del Valle, Proctocace — m. Vat, 
 see Anthrax. 
 
 MALA, Gena — m. Aurea, see Citrus auran- 
 tium. 
 
 MALABATH'RINUM. Ancient name of an 
 ointment and a wine, into which the malabathrum 
 entered. 
 
 MALABA'THRUM, Gadeji-Indi. The leaves 
 of a tree of the East Indies. These leaves en- 
 tered into the theriae, mithridate, and other an- 
 cient electuaries. They are believed to be from 
 a species of laurel — Laurus Cassia; but, accord- 
 ing to others, from Laurtcs 3Ialabatkrum. Tho 
 O'leum 3Ialabathri is obtained from it. 
 
 MALACCA RADIX, Sagittarium alexiphar- 
 macum. 
 
 MALACHE, Malva rotundifolia. 
 
 MALA'CIA, from ixaXaKia, 'softness.' A de- 
 pravation of taste, in which an almost universal 
 loathing is combined with an exclusive longing 
 for some particular article of food. If the pa- 
 tient desires substances that are noxious or not 
 eatable, it constitutes Pica, Ptaso'sis, Pitto'sis, 
 Heterorex'ia, Heterorrhex' ia, Cissa, Citto'sia, 
 Citta, Limo'sia Pica, Allotriopha'gia, Picacis'- 
 mua, Pica'tio, Depra'ved ajj' petite, (F.) Envie. 
 These symptoms accompany several nervous af- 
 fections, — those of females in particular. In 
 pregnancy it is common, and is termed Longing. 
 
 Malacta Africanorum, Chthonophagia — m. 
 Cordis, Cardiomalacia. 
 
 MALACISMUS, Mollities. 
 
 MALACOGASTER, Gastromalaxia. 
 
 MALACOPHO'NUS, from piaXaxia, 'softness,' 
 and 0ui';7, 'voice.' One who has a soft voice. 
 
 MALACOPOEA, Emollients. 
 
 MALACORIUM, see Punica granatum. 
 
 MALACOSARCO'SIS, from inaXaKog, • so%' and 
 o-rtpf, aapKog, 'flesh.' State of softness of the 
 muscular system. 
 
 MALACOSIS, Mollities— m. Cerebri. Mollities 
 cerebri — m. Cordis, Cardiomalacia — m. Hepatis, 
 Hepatomalacia — m. Uteri, Hysteromalacia. 
 
 MALACOSTEON, Mollities ossium. 
 
 MALACOSTEOSIS, Mollities ossium. 
 
 MALACTICA, Emollients. 
 
 MALACTICUM, Relaxant. 
 
 3IALADE, Sick. 
 
 3IALADIE, Disease — m. AngJaise, Hypochon- 
 driasis — m. Bleue, Cyanopathy — m. de Bright, 
 Kidney, Bright's disease of the — w. BuUeuse, see 
 Bullous, Pemphigus — m. de Cruveilheir, see 
 Brash, weaning — m. Cuculaire, Pertussis — m. 
 Glandulaire, Elephantiasis Arabica — ot. Imagi- 
 naire, Hypochondriasis, Hysteria — m. 3Iercurielle, 
 Hydrargyriasis. 
 
 3TALADIE DES 3IINEURS. Anemia oc- 
 curring in the workers in mines. 
 
 3IALADIE NOIRE, Melsena — w. dti Pays, 
 Nostalgia — m. Pedicidaire, Phtheiriasis — m. de 
 Pott, Vertebral disease — m. Typho'ide, see Typhus 
 — m. Venerienne, Syphilis — vi. de Venus, Syphilis 
 — m. de Werlhof, Purpura hsemorrhagica. 
 
 iOZJ.Z)/^^ ^ C^ C7>S'£7^, Acquired diseases— 
 m.Annuellea,KMM\isX diseases—ni. Chronigwe8,ChT0- 
 nic diseases — m. Connees, Connate diseases — m. 
 Dissimuleea, Feigned diseases — jre.Krierneg, Exter- 
 nal diseases — m. Feintes, Feigned diseases — m.He- 
 reditairea. Hereditary diseases — m. Inneea, Innate 
 diseases — m. Legitimea, see Legitimate — m. Ner- 
 veuses, Nervous diseases — m. Religieuses, Reli- 
 gious diseases — m. Simuleea, Feigned diseases — 
 
MALADIF 
 
 564 
 
 MALLEUS 
 
 ti. Sporadiques, see Sporadic — m. Supposees, 
 Feigned diseases — m. Venteuses, Pneumatosis. 
 MALADIF, Sickly. 
 MALADRERIE, Ladrerie. 
 MALADY, ENGLISH, Hypochondriasis. 
 
 MAL^ OS, from malum, ' an apple ;' so called 
 from its roundness. Zyfjo'ma, Os mala're seu 
 Juga'le sen Jiigamen'tum seu Gena sen Zyyomat'i- 
 cum seu Hypo'pium seu Suhocida're seu Piidi'- 
 cum, (F.) Os Malaire ou Zi/gomafique ou de la 
 Pommette. The i^eek or malar hone. This bone 
 is situate at the lateral and superior part of the 
 face ; and constitutes the zygomatic region of the 
 cheek. It is irregularly quadrilateral. Its outer 
 surface is convex, covered by muscles and skin, 
 and pierced with canals, called malar, through 
 which vessels and nerves pass. Its upper sur- 
 face is concave, and forms part of the orbit. Its 
 jtosterior surface is concave, and enters into the 
 composition of the temporal fossa. This bone is 
 thick and cellular. It is articulated with the 
 frontal, temporal, sphenoid, and superior maxil- 
 lary bones, and is developed by a single point of 
 ossification. 
 
 The part of the face rendered prominent by 
 it, the French call Pommette. 
 
 MALAG'MA, from fia\aaa(i>, 'I soften.' An 
 emollient cataplasm, and, in general, every local 
 application which enjoys the property of soften- 
 ing organic tissues. 
 
 MALAIRE, Malar. 
 
 MALAISE, Indisposition. 
 
 MALAKIEN, Mollities. 
 
 MALAMBO BARK, Matias. 
 
 MALANDERS, Malandria. 
 
 MALAN'DRIA. A species of lepra or elephan- 
 tiasis. — Marcellus Empiricus. MaVanders or 
 Mall'enders, is a disease of the horse, which con- 
 sists of a scurfy eruption on the inside of the 
 hock, or a little below it, as well as at the bend 
 of the knee. It is called 3Iallenders in the fore- 
 leg, and Sallenders in the hind leg. — Touatt. 
 
 MALANDRIO'SUS, Leprous. Affected with 
 malandria. 
 
 MALAR, Mala'ris, (P.) Malaire, from mala, 
 'the cheek,' Belonging to the cheek, — as the 
 malar bone. 
 
 Malar Process, Zygomatic process. 
 
 MALARE OS, Malae os. 
 
 MALARIA, Miasm. 
 
 MALA'RIOUS, Mala'rtal. Owing to, or con- 
 nected with Malaria, — as a malarious soil, mala- 
 rious disease, &a. 
 
 MALASSlM.lLA'T10'^,Malassim{la'tio ; from 
 mala, ' bad,' and assimilatio, ' assimilation.' Im- 
 perfect or morbid assimilation or nutrition. 
 
 MAL'AXATE, 3Iolli're, Suhig" ere, Malacissa' - 
 re, (F.) Malaxer, from \kaKaaais>, ' I soften.' To pro- 
 duce softening of drugs, by kneading them. The 
 process is called Malaxa'tion, Malaxa'tio, 
 
 MALAXATION, see Malaxate. 
 
 MALAXIA VENTRICULL Gastromalaxia. 
 
 MALAXIS, Mollities — m. Cordis, Cardioma- 
 laeia — m. Hepatica, Adiposis hepatiea. 
 
 MALAY, see Homo. 
 
 MALAZISSA'TUS, Malacissa'tua, same ety- 
 mon as Malaxate. One in whom the testicles 
 have not descended. It has, also, been used sy- 
 nonymously w'th emascula'tus and muliera'tus. — 
 Caslelli. 
 
 MALCE, Chilblain. 
 
 MALE, J/as, Mas'cidus. Of the sex that be- 
 gets young. Not female. What belongs to the 
 male sex ; as the male organs of generation, 
 
 Male, Axilla. 
 
 Male Organ, Penis, 
 
 MALE DI BRENO, see Scherlievo — m. Sca- 
 hioso venerea, Scherlievo. 
 
 MALEFICIUM, Poisoning. 
 
 MALFORMA'TION, malforma'tio, maleonfor- 
 ma'tio ; from mal, a,n<]. forma, 'form.' A wrong 
 formation ; or irregularity in the structure of 
 parts. See Monster. 
 
 MALHERBE, Plumbago Europaa. 
 
 MALTA, see Equinia. 
 
 MALTA SMUS, Mails, see Equinia. 
 
 MALICE, AlthEEa. 
 
 MALICHORIUM, see Punica granatum. 
 
 MALICORIUM, see Punica granatum. 
 
 MALIE, Equinia. 
 
 MALTG'XANT, Malig'nus, (F.) Malin. A 
 term applied to any disease whose symptoms are 
 so aggravated as to threaten the destruction of 
 the patient. A disease of a very serious charac- 
 ter, although it may be mild in appearance j — 
 Morhus malignns. 
 
 MALIX, Malignant. 
 
 MALING'ERER; from (F.) malingre, ' sicklj.' 
 A simulator of disease, so termed in the British 
 military service. 
 
 MALTS, Malias'mos, Cuta'neous vermina'tiou, 
 HelmintJion'cus. The cuticle or skin infested 
 with animalcules, — PhtJiiri'asis, Parasitis'mns 
 superfie"iei. In Persia, this affection is produced 
 by the Guinea worm ; in South America, by the 
 Chigre; and in Europe, occasionally by the 
 Louse. See Equinia, and Phtheiriasis. 
 
 Malis Dracunculus, Dracunculns — m. Gordii, 
 Dracunculus — m. Pediouli, Phtheiriasis. 
 
 MALLEXDERS, Malandria. 
 
 MALLE'OLAR, Malleola'ris, from malleolus, 
 'the ankle.' (F.) Malleolaire. Belonging or re- 
 lating to the ankles. 
 
 Malleolar Arteries are two branches fur- 
 nished by the anterior tibial about the instep ; 
 the one — the internal — passes transversely behind 
 the tendon of the tibialis anticus, to be distributed 
 in the vicinity of the malleolus internus; — the 
 other — the external — glides behind the tendons 
 of the extensor communis digitorum pedis and the 
 peroneus hrevis, and sends its branches to the 
 parts which surround the outer ankle, as well as 
 to the outer region of the tarsus. 
 
 MALLE'OLUS. Diminutive of malleus, ' a 
 mallet, or hammer;' Race'ta, Paste' fa, Pascha, 
 Rnsetta, Pase'ta, Sphyra, Talus, Diah'ehos, Ta- 
 le'olus, Peza, Ankle, (Prov.) Ancler, Anclet, 
 Aneliff, Anclow, Ankley, Rick, (Sc.) Cute, Coot 
 Hancleth, Heather- clu, (F.) Malleole. Clieville dn 
 Pied. The two projections formed by the bones 
 of the leg at their inferior part. The inner be- 
 longs to the tibia; the outer to the fibula. The 
 ankles afford attachment to ligaments : and each 
 has a sort of gutter, in which certain tendons 
 slide. See Malleus. 
 
 MALLET, Malle'olus, (F.) Maillet. A kind 
 of hammer, used with a gouge for removing or 
 cutting bones, in certain surgical and anatomical 
 operations. 
 
 MAL'LEUS, Malle'olus, Ossie'ulum Malleoln 
 assimila'tum, (F.) Marteatt. The longest and 
 outermost of the four small bones of the ear. It 
 is situate at the outer part of the t3'mpanum, and 
 is united to the membrana tympani. It has, 1. 
 An ovoid head, which is artieulnted behind with 
 the incus, and is supported by a narrow part 
 called the neck: this has, anteriorly, a hng apo- 
 physis, which is engaged in the glenoid fissure, 
 and is called the ^jiopAj/s/s or Process, Proces'sus 
 grac"ilis, of Rau. It affords attachment to the 
 anterior sen externus mallei muscle. 2. A handle, 
 which forms an obtuse angle with the neck, and 
 corresponds to the membrane of the tympanum, 
 which it seems to draw inwards. It is furnished 
 at its upper extremity with a process — the pro- 
 cessus hrevis, to which the internus mallei is at- 
 tached. This bone is developed by a single point 
 of ossification. 
 
MALLOW, COMMON 
 
 565 
 
 MAMMARY 
 
 Malleus, Equinia — M. farciminosus, see Equi- 
 nia — m. Slender Process of the, Grele apophyse 
 du marfeau. 
 
 MALLOW, COMMON, Malva— m. Compound 
 decoction of, Deeoctum malvae compositum — m. 
 Indian, Abulilon Avicennge — m. Yellow, Abutilon 
 Avieennse. 
 
 MALLS, Rubeola. 
 ■ MAL'MEDY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Mal- 
 medy is a town in Rhenish Prussia, between Spa 
 and Coblenz. In its immediate vicinity are seve- 
 ral acidulous chalybeate springs. 
 
 3IAL0 BT SGARLIEVO, Sclierlievo. 
 MALOGRANATUM, Puniea granatum. 
 MALPIGHI, ACINI OF, Corpora Malpi- 
 ghiana. 
 
 MALPIG'HIA MOUREL'LA, (F.) Ifoureil- 
 lier, Simaroiihafaux. The bark of this shrub — 
 a native of Cayenne — is reputed to be febrifuge, 
 and useful in diarrhoea. 
 
 MALPIGHIAN BODIES, Corpora Malpighi- 
 ana — m. b. Inflammation of the, Kidney, Bright's 
 disease of the — m. b. of the Spleen, see Spleen. 
 
 M ALPRAX'IS, Mala jyraxis, Malum reg"imen. 
 Bad management or treatment. 
 
 MALT, Sax. mealr, Dutch, mout, Teut. 
 malt; from //aXarTu, 'I soften;' [?] Syne, Mal- 
 tum, Hor'dei maltum, Bra'sium, (F.) BrecJie. Bar- 
 ley made to germinate, for the purpose of forming 
 beer. It has been recommended in medicine, as 
 antiscorbutic, antiscrofulous, &c. 
 
 Malt Spirit. A spirit distilled from malt. It 
 is the basis of most of the spirituous cordials. 
 
 MALTA, CLIMATE OF. The climate of 
 Malta is pretty equable, the range of tempera- 
 ture in the twenty-four hours being rarely more 
 than 6°. The air is almost always dry and clear. 
 The most disagreeable wind is the sirocco, which 
 is the source of more or less suffering to the pul- 
 monary invalid. The winter climate is favour- 
 able. Dr. Liddcll thinks that no place which he 
 has seen in the south of Europe can compete with 
 Malta, for a mild, dry, bracing air in November, 
 December, and part of January; and during the 
 other winter and spring months, he thinks it is 
 equal to any of them. 
 
 MALTHA, Malthe, from ^aXarru, 'I soften.' 
 Wax, particularly soft wax. 
 MALTHACTICA, Emollients. 
 MALTHAXIS, MoUities. 
 
 MALUM, Disease, Melum — m. Articulorum, 
 Gout — m. Caducum, Epilepsy — m. Caducum, pul- 
 monura, Asthma — m. Canum, see Pyrus cydonia 
 — m. Coense, Averrhoacarambola — m. Cotoncum, 
 see Pyrus cydonia — m. Hypochnndriacum, Hy- 
 pochondriasis — m. Hystericum, Hysteria — m. In- 
 sanum, see Solanum Melongena— m. Ischiadicum, 
 Neuralgia femoro-poplitsea — -m. Lazari, Elephan- 
 tiasis — m. Lyeopersicuni, Solanum lycopersieum. 
 Malum Mon'Tuujr. A species of lepra, in 
 which the affected portions of skin seem to be 
 struck with death. 
 
 Malum Pilare, Trichosis — m. Pottii, Vertebral 
 disease — m. Primarium, Idiopathia — m. Regimen, 
 Malpraxis — m. Spinosum, Datura stramonium — 
 m. Terrestre, Atropa Mandragora — m. Venereum, 
 Syphilis. 
 
 MALUS, Pyrus mains — m. Aurantia major. 
 Citrus aurantium— m. Communis, Pyrus mains — 
 m. Dasyphylla, Pyrus mains. 
 
 Malus In'dica, Bilumhi bift'ng-liiig of Bou- 
 tins. Oi-d. Rosaaese. The juice of this East In- 
 dia tree is cooling, and is drunk as a cure for 
 fevers. The leaves, boiled and made into a cata- 
 plasm with rice, are famed in all sorts of tumours. 
 The juice, mixed with arrack, is drunk for the 
 cure of diarrhcea. The ripe fruit is eaten as a 
 delicacy ; and the unripe is made into a pickle 
 for the use of the table. 
 
 Malus Limonia Acida, see Citrus medica — m. 
 Medica, see Citrus medica — m. Sylvestris, Pyrus 
 malus. 
 
 MALVA, Maha sylves'tria seu vxdgn'ris, Corn- 
 mow ilaltow, (F.) Mauve sauvage. Ord. Mal- 
 vaceae. The leaves and flowers are chiefly used 
 in fomentations, cataplasms, and emollient ene- 
 mata. Its properties are demulcent. 
 
 Malva rotundifo'lia, Mal'ache, Mal'ocTie, has 
 like virtues; as well as the other varieties. 
 MALVAVISCUM, Althaea. 
 MAL\.^.RN, WATERS OP. The village of 
 Great Malvern, (pronounced Maw'vem,) in Wor- 
 cestershire, England, has for many years been 
 celebrated for a spring of remarkable purity, 
 which has acquired the name of the Holy well. 
 It is a carbonated water; containing carbonates 
 of soda and iron, sulphate of soda, and chloride 
 of sodium ; and is chiefly used externally, in cu- 
 taneous affections. 
 
 MAMA-PIAN. (F.) Maman-plan. An ulcer 
 of a bad aspect, which is the commencement of 
 the plan; and which, after having destroyed the 
 flesh, extends to the bones. It is also called the 
 Ifother of Plans ; — La mere des jjlans. 
 
 MAMEI, Mamoe, ifomin or Toddy tree. From 
 incisions made in the branches of this West In- 
 dian tree, a copius discharge of pellucid liquor 
 occurs, which is called momin or Toddy wine. It 
 is very diuretic, and is esteemed to be a good an- 
 tilithic and lithontriptic. 
 MAMELLE, Mamma. 
 MAMELON, Nipple. 
 MA3IEL0NNE, Mammillated. 
 3IAMEL0NS DU REIN, Papilla of the 
 kidney. 
 
 MA MILL A, Mammula, see Mamma. 
 MAMMA, from mamma, one of the earliest 
 cries of the infant, ascribed to a desire for food. 
 Masthos, Mastui, Mazos, Thele, Titthos, Titty, 
 Rama, Uher, ovSap, Nutrix, Gemip'oma. The 
 female breast, Pap, Pappe, {Mammil'la, Mamilla 
 being the male breast;) (F.) Mumelle. A glan- 
 dular organ, proper to a class of animals — the 
 mammalia — and intended for the secretion or 
 milk. The mamrais exist in both sexes, but they 
 acquire a much greater size in the female; especi- 
 ally during pregnancy and lactation. In women, 
 before the age of puberty, the breasts are but 
 little developed. At this period, however, to- 
 wards the central part of each breast, the skin 
 suddenly changes colour, and assumes a rosy 
 tint. It is of a reddish brown in women who 
 have suckled several children. This circle has a 
 rugous appearance, owing to the presence of 
 sebaceous glands, and is called Are'ola or A^ire'- 
 ola. These glands — Tubercles of the Areola, of 
 Sir Astley Cooper — furnish an unctuous fluid for 
 defending the nipple from the action of the salivfa 
 of the sucking infant. In the midst of the aure- 
 ola is the nipple, a conoidal eminence, of a rosy 
 tint, susceptible of erection, and at the surface 
 of which the galactophorous ducts open. Besides 
 the skin covering them, the breasts are, also, 
 composed of a layer of fatty areolar tissue, more 
 or less thick ; of a large gland ; excretory ducts ; 
 vessels, nerves, &e. See Mammary. 
 
 In the animal, the mamma is called the Udder, 
 ov^ap, Uher, the Bag. 
 
 The breasts, plus the space between, are called 
 the bosom, sinus, eolpos (KoXnos). At times, these 
 terms are restricted to the space between tha 
 breasts. (F.) Seln. 
 
 Mamma also means a nurse. 
 3IAM3rATRE, Mammary. 
 
 MAMI\LAL, plural Ifamma'lia, Mam'mifer, 
 mammif'erous animal; from mamma, 'a breast.' 
 An animal that suckles its young. 
 
 MAM'MARY, Mamma'rius, (F.) Sfammaire, 
 
MAMMARY ABSCESS 
 
 566 
 
 MANDRAGORITES 
 
 ii tn mamma, 'the breast.' Eelating to the | 
 btiasts. I 
 
 Mammary Abscess, Mastodynia apostematosa. | 
 
 Mammart Arteries are three in number. | 
 They are distinguished into — 1. The Internal] 
 IJammary, Arte'ria sterna'Us, A. Sous-sternal 
 (Ch.), Internal thorac"ic. It arises from the sub- 
 clavian, and descends obliquely inwards, from its 
 origin to the cartilage of the third rib. Below 
 the diaphragm it divides into two branches ,• the 
 one external, the other internal. From its origin 
 until its bifurcation, it gives branches to the 
 muscles and glands of the neck, to the thymus, 
 mediastinum, pericardium, and oesophagus. In 
 each intercostal space it gives off internal and 
 external muscido-cutaneous branches, and also, 
 on each side, the siqyerior diaphragmatic. Its 
 two ultimate branches are distributed on the 
 parietes of the abdomen, and anastomose with 
 the external mammary, intercostal, lumbar, cir- 
 cumflexailii, and epigastric arteries. 2. The Ex- 
 ternal Mammary Arteries are two in number, and 
 are distinguished into superior and inferior. The 
 superior external mammary, First of tJie thoracies 
 (Ch.), Superior external thoracic, Superior tho- 
 racic, is furnished by the axillary artery. It 
 descends obliquely forwards between the pector- 
 alis major and pectoralis minor, to which it is 
 distributed by a considerable number of branches. 
 The inferior external mammary, the second of the 
 thoracies (Ch.), Long or inferior thoracic, arises 
 from the axillary artery, a little below the pre- 
 ceding. It descends vertically over the lateral 
 part of the thorax; curves, afterwards, inwards; 
 becomes subcutaneous and divides into a number 
 of branches, which surround the breast. It gives 
 branches to the pectoralis major, serratus major 
 anticus, the intercostal muscles, the glands of 
 the axilla, and the integuments of the breast. 
 
 Mammary Gland, Glan'dula lactif'era, is the 
 secretory ergan of the milk. It is situate in 
 the substance of the breast, to which it gives 
 shape. The tissue of this gland results from 
 the assemblage of lobes of different size, united 
 intimately by a dense areolar tissue. Each of 
 these is composed of several lobules, formed of 
 round granulations, of a rosy white colour, and 
 of the size of a poppy seed. The glandular 
 grains give rise to the radicles of the excretory 
 canals of the mamma, which are called galac- 
 tophorous or lactiferous. These excretory ves- 
 sels unite in ramusculi, rami, and in trunks of 
 greater or less size ; collect towards the centre of 
 the gland; are tortuous, very extensible, and 
 semi-transparent. All terminate in sinuses, 
 situate near the base of the nipple, which are 
 commonly from 15 to 18 in number. These 
 sinuses are very short, conical, and united by are- 
 olar tissue. Prom their summits, a fasciculus of 
 new ducts sets out, which occupy the centre of 
 the nipple and open separately at its surface. 
 The arteries of the mammary gland come from 
 the thoracic, axillary, intercostal, and internal 
 mammary. The veins accompany the arteries ; 
 the nerves are furnished by the intercostals, and 
 brachial plexus ; the lymphatic vessels are very 
 numerous, and form two layers. They commu- 
 nicate with those of the thorax, and pass into the 
 axillary ganglions. 
 
 Mam'mary Sarco'ma, Mastoid sarcoma of 
 Abernethy, Emphy'ma sarcoma mamma'rum.. A 
 tumour, of the colour and texture of the mam- 
 mary gland : dense and whitish ; sometimes softer 
 and brownish : often producing, on extirpation, a 
 malignant ulcer with indurated edges. Found in 
 various parts of the body and limbs. 
 
 Mammary Veins follow the same course as the 
 arteries, and have received the same denomina- 
 tions. The internal mammary vein, of the right 
 
 side, opens into the superior cava; that of the 
 left, into, the corresponding subclavian vein. 
 The external mammary veins open into the axil- 
 lary vein. 
 
 MAMME'A AMERICA'NA, (F.) Abricot sau- 
 vage. Ord. Guttifcrag. The systematic name 
 of the tree on which the mammee or mamei fruit 
 grows. This fruit has a delightful flavour when 
 ripe; and is much cultivated in Jamaica, where 
 it is generally sold in the markets as one of the 
 best fruits of the island. 
 
 MAMMEA'TA, Mammo'sa, from mamma, 'the 
 breast.' One who has large breasts. 
 
 MAMMELLA, Nipple. 
 
 MAMMIFER, Mammal. 
 
 MAMMIFEROUS ANIMAL, Mammal. 
 
 MAMMIFORM, Mastoid. 
 
 MAMMILLA, Mamma (male), Nipple. 
 
 MAMMILLA MEDULLARES, see Mammil- 
 lary. 
 
 MAMMILLARIS, Mastoid. 
 
 MAM'MILLARY, Mammilla'ris, from Mam- 
 miU<i, 'a small breast, a nipple.' See Mastoid. 
 
 Mamjiillary Em'inence is a name given, 1. 
 To more or less marked'prominences on the inner 
 surface of the bones of the cranium, which cor- 
 respond to the anfractuosities of the cranium. 
 2. To white, round, medullary tubercles, of the 
 size of a pea, situate at the base of the brain, be- 
 hind the gray substance from which the Tige 
 pituitaire, of the French anatomists, arises. 
 These 2Iammillary Tu'hercles, Cor'pora albican'- 
 tia seu Candican'tia seu Jfammilla'ria seu Pisi- 
 for'mia, Bulbi for'nicis, MammillcB seu Gloh'uli 
 medulla'res. Prominentias albican'tes, Proces'sus 
 mammilla'res cer'ehri, Protensio'nes glandula'res, 
 Eminen'tifB candican'tes, Prio'rum crurum for'- 
 nicis hulbi, Willis's Glands, (F.) Bulbes de la 
 vo4ite & trois piliers. Tubercles pisiformes (Ch.), 
 arc united to each other by a small grayish band, 
 which corresponds with the third ventricle. They 
 receive the anterior prolongations of the fornix. 
 
 Some ancient anatomists, taking the nervous 
 trunks, to which Willis first gave the name of 
 olfactory nerves, for simple appendages of the 
 brain, called them, an account of their shape, 
 Qarun'culcB mammilla'res. Vesalius, Fallopius, 
 Columbus, and several others, termed them Pro- 
 ces'sus mammilla'res cer'ebri ad nares. They 
 have also been called Trigo'na olfacto'ria. 
 
 MAM'MILLATED, (P.) 3Iameloi)ng, from 
 mamma, ' the female breast.' That which has 
 mammiform projections on its surface. 
 
 Mammillated Liver. Cirrhosis. 
 
 MA3nilTE, Mastitis. 
 
 MAMMITIS, Mastitis. 
 
 MAMMOSA, Mammenta. 
 
 MAM'MULA ; diminutive of Mamma, 3Ia- 
 mil'la. A small breast. 
 
 MAMOE, Mamei. 
 
 MAN, Aner, Anthropos, Homo. 
 
 MANAKIN. Fantom. 
 
 MAN-IN-THE-GROUND,Convolvuluspandur- 
 atus — m. of the Earth, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 
 3IAXCENILLIER, Hippomane mancinella. 
 
 3IANCHE B' HIP POOR ATE, Chausse. 
 
 MANCHTNEEL, Hippomane mancinella. 
 
 MANCURANA, Origanum. 
 
 MANDIBULA. Maxillary bone. 
 
 MANDIBULARIS MUSCULUS, Masseter. 
 
 MANDIOC, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 MANDO. Glutton. 
 
 M A N D R A G R A, Atropa mandragora — m. 
 Aeaulis, Atropa mandragora — m. Ofiicinalis, 
 A..tropa mandragora — m. Vernalis, Atropa man- 
 dragora. 
 
 MANDRAGORI'TES, from itav^r^ayopa;, the 
 At'ropa mandrag'ora or mandrake. Wine/ in 
 which the roots of mandrake have been infused. 
 
MANDRAKE 
 
 567 
 
 MAlSilODES 
 
 MANDRAKE, Atropa mandragora, Podophyl- 
 lum peltatum, P. montanum. 
 
 MANDRINA VIEGULE, see Brise-coque. 
 MANDUCATIO, Mastication — in. Difficilis, 
 Brady inasesis. 
 
 M A N ' D U C A T R Y, Mandncoto'rius ; from 
 Mandacatio, ' mastication.' Appertaining or re- 
 lating to mastication ; — as, 
 
 Manducatory Nerve, see Trigemini. 
 MANEUVRE, Manoeuvre. 
 
 MAN'GANESE, Mangaue'siiim, Ilanga'nuim. 
 A metal, which is pretty abundant in nature in an 
 oxidized state. It is of a grayish-white colour, 
 resembling some varieties of cast iron, is hard 
 and brittle, and destitute of magnetic properties. 
 Specific gravity about 8. 
 
 Manganese, Black Oxide of, Mangane'sii 
 ox'idum seu Binox'idum, Tetrox'ide of manga- 
 nese, Magne' sia nigra, llangane'aium viirario' rum 
 seu oxyda'tum nati'vnm seu nigrum seu ochra'- 
 ceum nigrum seu oxyda'tum nati'vum, Blan'ganum 
 oxyda'tum nativum, Molybda'num magne'sii, 
 Oxo'des man'gani nati'va, Perox'ydum mangane'- 
 sii nigrum nativum, Superox'ydum mangan'icum, 
 (F.) Oxyde noir de manganese. This oxide is not 
 much used in medicine. It has been advised to 
 dust the affected parts, in tinea capitis, with the 
 powder. It is officinal in the Edinburgh phar- 
 macopoeia, and is used in preparing chlorine, solu- 
 tion of chlorine, and solution of chlorinated soda. 
 Manganese, Salts op, see Manganese, sul- 
 phate of. ^ 
 
 MANGANESE OXYDE NOIR BE, Man- 
 ganese, black oxide of. 
 
 Man'ganese, Sulphate of, 3Tangane' sii Sul- 
 phas seu Protox'idi Sulphas, Sulphate of Pro- 
 tox'tde of Man'ganese. A rose-coluured and very 
 soluble salt, isomorphous with sulphate of mag- 
 nesia. It is prepared on a large scale for the use 
 of the dyer, by heating, in a close vessel, peroxide 
 of manganese and coal, and dissolving the im- 
 pure protoxide, thus obtained, in sulphuric acid, 
 with the addition of a little cholohydric acid 
 towards the end of the process. The solution is 
 evaporated to dryness, and again exposed to a red 
 heat, by which the persulphate of iron is decom- 
 posed. Water then dissolves the pure sulphate 
 of manganese, leaving the oxide of iron behind. 
 This salt has been recommended as a chola- 
 gogue, in doses of a drachm or two. 
 
 The salts of manganese have been recommended 
 in chlorosis and amenorrhoea, and as substitutes 
 for chalybeates generally. The subcarbonate and 
 the oxide have been chiefly employed. 
 
 Manganese, Tetroxide of, M. Black oxide of. 
 MANGANESII BINOXIDUM, Manganese, 
 black oxide of — m. Oxidum, Manganese, black 
 oxide of — m. Peroxydum nigrum nativum, Man- 
 ganese, black oxide of — m. Protoxidi sulphas. 
 Manganese, sulphate of — m. Sulphas, Manganese, 
 sulphate of. 
 
 MANGANESIUM, Manganese. 
 Manganesium OcHRACEOAf NiGRUM, Manga- 
 nese, black oxide of — m. Oxydatum nativum seu 
 nigrum. Manganese, black oxide of — m. Vitra- 
 riorura, Manganese, black oxide of. 
 
 MANGANI OXODES NATIVA, Manganese, 
 black oxide of. 
 
 MANGANICUM SUPEROXIDUM, Manga- 
 nese, black oxide of. 
 
 MANGANIUM, Manganese. 
 MANGANUM OXYDATUM NATIVUM, 
 Manganese, black oxide of. 
 MANGE. Scabies ferina. 
 
 MANGIF'ERA IN'DICA, J/. domes'tica,hom 
 mango, the fruit, and/ero, 'I bear.' The Mango 
 tree, (F.) Manguier. Ord. Terebinthaceae. A 
 tree cultivated over Asia, and in South America. 
 Mangos, when ripe, are juicy, of a good flavour. 
 
 and so fragrant as to perfume the air to a con- 
 siderable distance. They are eaten, either raw or 
 preserved with sugar. From the expressed juica 
 a wine is prepared; and the remainder of the ker- 
 nel can be reduced to an excellent flour for bread. 
 MANGO TREE, Mangifera Indica. 
 MANGONISATIO, Falsification. 
 MANGONIUM, Falsification. 
 MANGOSTAN, Garcinia mangostana 
 MANGOSTANA, Garcinia mangostana — m. 
 Gambogia, Garcinia eambogia — m. Garcinia, Gar- 
 cinia mangostana. 
 
 MANGOUSTAN, Garcinia mangostana. 
 MANGOSTEEN, Garcinia mangostana. 
 MANGUIER, Mangifera Indica. 
 MANHOOD, Adult age. 
 MANI, Arachis hypogsea. 
 
 MA'NIA, Furor, Hemianthro' pia. Furor seu 
 Ecphro'nia seu Delir'ium mania, Insa'uia, JJe- 
 lir'ium mani'acum seu furio'sum, Mania nniver- 
 sa'lis, Vesa'nia mania, (F.) Manie, Hyperphrenie, 
 Raving or furious madness, (Sc.) Wodnes / from 
 Haivofiai, ' I am furious.' With some, it means in- 
 sanity. Disorder of the intellect, in which there 
 is erroneous judgment or hallucination, which 
 impels to acts of fury. If the raving be not di- 
 rected to a single object, it is mania properly so 
 called; if to one object, it constitutes monomania, 
 which term is, however, usually given to melan- 
 choly. Mania attacks adults chiefly ; and wo- 
 men more frequentlj' than men. The prognosis 
 is unfavourable. About one-third never recover ; 
 and they who do are apt to relapse. Separation 
 is one of the most effective means of treatment, 
 with attention to the corporeal condition and 
 every thing that can add to the mental comfort 
 of the patient, and turn his thoughts away from 
 the subjects of his delusion. In the violence of 
 the paroxysms, recourse must be had to the strait 
 waistcoat, the shower bath, <tc. Separation 
 should be continued for some weeks during con- 
 valescence, with the view of preventing a relapse. 
 Mania, Dancing. Dancing plague. A form 
 of convulsion, which has appeared, at various 
 times, epidemically under the form of St. Vitus's 
 dance, St. John's dance, Tarantism, Hysteria, 
 Tigretier (in Abyssinia), and diseased sympathy; 
 and which has been fully described by Hecker in 
 his ' Epidemics of the Middle Ages.' See C'on- 
 vulsionnaire. 
 
 Mania Epileptica, see Epilepsy — m. Erotica, 
 Erotomania — m. Lactea, M. puerperal — rn. Me- 
 lancholica. Melancholy — m. a Pathemate, Empa- 
 thema — m. a Potu, Delirium tremens. 
 
 Mania, Puer'peeal, M. puerpera'rum acii'ta 
 seu puerpe.ra'lis seu lac'tea, Insu'nia -puerpera'- 
 rum, Encephalopathi'a puerpera'lis, Piier'peral 
 Insanity. Mania which supervenes in the child- 
 bed state. 
 
 Mania Puerperarum Acuta, M. puerperal — 
 m. sine Delirio, Pathomania — m. a Temulentia, 
 Delirium tremens — m. Pellagria, Pellagra. 
 MANIACAL, Maniodes. 
 MANIACUS, Maniodes. 
 MANICA HIPPOCRATIS, Chausse. 
 MANICOCOMIUM, Morotropbium. 
 MANIE, Mania — m. sans DHire, Empathema. 
 MANIGUETTA, Amonunn grana paradisi. 
 MANIHOT UTILISSIMA, Jatropha manihot. 
 MANIIBAR, Jatropha manihot. 
 MANIKIN, Fantom. 
 
 MANILU'VIUM, Manulu'vium, from vianus, 
 'the hand.' and lavo, 'I wash.' A bath for the 
 hands. It may be rendered stimulating, by 
 means of muriatic acid, mustard, &o. 
 MANIOC, Jatropha manihot. 
 MANIO'DES, 3Iani'acus, Mani'aeal. One la- 
 bouring under mania; Hemianthro' pus, Furio'sua, 
 Furibun'dus, Lyssas, Lysse'ter. 
 
MANIPULATION 
 
 508 
 
 MARIGOLD 
 
 ' a hand.' 
 
 MINIPULA'TION, from manns, 
 Mode of Tvorkins:, as in pharmacy. 
 
 MANIP'ULUS, (F.) Foignee. The quantity 
 of a substance capable of filling the hand. A 
 handful. See Fasciculus. 
 
 MAX-MIDWIFE, Accouchenr. 
 
 MAXXA. see Fraxinus ornus — m. Brianjon, 
 see Pinus lari.K. 
 
 Masxa Bkigantina, see Pinus laris — m. Cala- 
 brina, see Fraxinus ornus — m. Croup, Semolina 
 — m. Laricea, see Pinus laris — m. Metallorum, 
 Hvdrarsrvri submurias. 
 
 'MAXXEQUIN, Fantom. 
 
 MAXXIKIX, Fantom. 
 
 MAXXIX, see Fraxinus ornus. 
 
 MAXXITE. see Fraxinus ornus. 
 
 MAXCEUVRE (F .), pronounced and anglicized 
 3fanen'vre : from main, 'the hand/ and cenvre, 
 ' work.' A dexterous movement. Applied in 
 France to the practice of surgical or obstetrical 
 operations on the dead body or phantom ; Ope- 
 ra'tio chirnr'qica seu ohstet'rica. 
 
 MAXSAXA ARBOREA, see Jujube. 
 
 MAXSFORD'S PLATES, see Galvanism. 
 
 MAXSORIUS. Buccinator. 
 
 MAXSTUPRATIO, Masturbation. 
 
 MAXTELE, Bandage (body). 
 
 jMAXTI'A, Jfan'ti'ea, Jfan'fice, in English, 
 7)!ancy ; a common suffix, from the Greek, deno- 
 ting ' &\\\n2il\ou;' Divina'tio, Pradivinatio, Pra- 
 aa'qinm. 
 
 MAXTILE, Bandage (body). 
 
 MAXTLE. Panniculus carnosus. 
 
 MAXC'BRIUM, from manus, 'a hand.' The 
 handle of any thing: — as mfnin'hrivm mal'lei, 
 petiohi.f mal'lei. ' the handle of the malleus.' 
 
 MAXUBRiuif, Chasse — m. Mantis, Radius. 
 
 Maxubrtum Sterxi. The uppermost broad 
 part of the sternum. 
 
 MAXULUVIUM, Bath, hand, Maniluvium. 
 
 MAXUS, naui, 'I feel,' fxaonai, 'I take,' Cheir, 
 Chir, Instrwnen' turn Insfnimento'rnm, Hand, Paw, 
 (F.) Main. The part which terminates the upper 
 extremity in man, and which is inservient to pre- 
 hension and touch. It extends from the fold of 
 the wrist to the extremity of the fingers. The 
 hand is sustained by a bony skeleton, composed 
 of a number of pieces, movable on each other; 
 of muscles, tendons, cartilages, ligaments, ves- 
 sels, nerves, &c. It is divided into three parts — 
 the carpus or wrist, the metncarptus, and fingers. 
 Its concave surface is called the palm ; the con- 
 vex surface the hack of the hand. The facility 
 of being able to oppose the thumb to the fingers 
 in order to seize objects forms one of the dis- 
 tinctive characters nf the human hand. 
 
 Manus Christt Perla'ta. A name anciently 
 given to troches, prepared of pearls and sugar of 
 roses. They were called Jfanus Christi sim'ph'ces, 
 when pearls were not employed. 
 
 MAxrs Dei. An ancient plaster, prepared of 
 ?ra.r, myrrh, frankincense, masfich, gum ammo- 
 niac, galhannm, oil, &o. See Opium. 
 
 Manus Hepatis, see Liver — m. .Jecoris, see 
 Liver — m. Parva majori adjutrix, see Digitus. 
 
 MAXUSTrPRATIO. Masturbation. 
 . MAXUSTUPRATOR, Masturbator. 
 
 MAXYPLIES, Omasum. 
 
 MAPLE, Acer saccharinum — m. Ground, Heu- 
 chera eortusa — m. Red, Acer rubrum — m. Striped, 
 Acer Pennsvlvanicum. 
 
 MAEAL'^, Marsh. 
 
 MARAXSrS, Atrophy. 
 
 MARAXTA, Arrow-root — m. Arundinacea, 
 Arrow-root. 
 
 Maeax'tA Ga .- An'gA, Alpi'nin gnlan'ga, Amo'- 
 rr.nm galangn. GuJanga. Ord. Zingiberacese. 
 The smaller gnh.i,' ,jnl . Two kinds of galangal 
 are mentioned in the pharmacopoeias ; the greater, 
 
 obtained from Kampferia galanga, and the 
 smaller, from the root of Maranta galanga. The 
 dried root is brought from China, in pieces from 
 one to two inches in length, but scarcely half as 
 thick; branched; full of knots and joints, with 
 several circular rings, of a reddish brown colour, 
 on the outside, and brownish within. It was 
 formerly much used as a warm stomachic bitter, 
 and generally ordered in bitter infusions. 
 
 MARASCHINO, see Spirit. 
 
 MARASMOP'YRA, Febris marasmo'des, from 
 fiapac/ios, ' marasmus,' and -nvp, ' fever.' Fever 
 of emaciation in general. Hectic fever. 
 
 MARASMUS, Atrophy — m. Lactantium, Pse- 
 datrophia — m. Phthisis, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 Marasmus Seni'lis, Tabes semtm, Geronta- 
 troph'ia. Progressive atrophy of the aged. 
 
 Marasmus Tabes, Tabes — m. Tabes dorsalis, 
 Tabes dorsalis. 
 
 MARATHRI'TES, from piapa^pov, 'fennel.' 
 Wine impregnated with fennel. 
 
 MARATHROPHTLLUM, Peucedanum. 
 
 MAR ATHRUM, Anethum— m. Sylvestre, Peu- 
 cedanum. 
 
 MARAUGTA, Metamorphopsia. 
 
 MARBLE, Marmor. 
 
 MARBPtE, Marmor. 
 
 JfAPC, Magma. 
 
 MARCASITA, Bismuth — m. Alba, Bismuth, 
 subnitrate of — m. Plumbea, Antimonium. 
 
 MARCASITA MAGISTERIUM, Bismuth, 
 subnitrate of. 
 
 MARCHAX'TIA POLTMOR'PHA, Jf. stel- 
 la'ta seu nmhella'ta, Hepat'ica fonta'na. Lichen 
 Stella' tus, Jecora'ria, Li v' erivort, (F.) Uepatiqne 
 des fontaines. Ord. Hepatic£e. This plant is 
 mildly pungent and hitter. It is recommended 
 as aperient, resolvent, and antiscorbutic; and is 
 used in diseased liver, &c. 
 
 MARCffE (LA), Walking. 
 
 MARCHIO'XIS PULVIS, Potcderofthe 3Iar. 
 qnis. A powder, formerly considered to be anti- 
 epileptic; and composed of Male peony root, 3Iis'- 
 tletoe. Ivory shavings, Horn of the hoof of the stag, 
 Spodiiim, Tooth of the monodon, coral, &c. 
 
 MARCORES, Atrophy, Emaciation. 
 
 MARCORY, Stillingia. 
 
 MARECAGEUX, Elodes. 
 
 MAREMMATIQUE, see Elodes. 
 
 MAREO, Puna. 
 
 MARE'S FAT, Inula dysenteriea — m. Tail, 
 Hippuris vulgaris. 
 
 MARGA CAX'DIDA, Lac hma. An ancient 
 name for a variety of spongy, white, friable marl, 
 which was employed as an astringent and refri- 
 gerant. 
 
 MARGARETIZZA, Scherlievo. 
 
 MARGARITA, Pearl. 
 
 MARGARITA'CEOUS, 3Targarita'cens, Na'- 
 creous, (F.) Xacre ; from margarita, 'pearl, mo- 
 ther of pearl.' Resembling, or of the nature of, 
 mother of pearl, — as Leuco'ma Margarita' ceum ; 
 Pearl-like leueoma. 
 
 MARGAROX, PearL 
 
 MARGELIS. Pearl. 
 
 MARGELLIUM, Pearl. 
 
 MA R G TXT- SUS-SCAP UL 0- TE CHITE- 
 RIEX, Teres minor. 
 
 MARGO, Bord — m. Dentatus, see Retina — m 
 Orbitalis, see Orbit. 
 
 MARGUERITE PETITE, Bellis— m. de» 
 Pres. qrande. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. 
 
 MARIEXBAD, MIXERAL WATERS OP. 
 Celebrated springs in Bohemia. The Kreuzbrunn 
 contains sulphate of soda, carbonate of iron, and 
 carbonic acid. 
 
 MARIGOLD, DIAMOND FIG, Mesembryan- 
 themum crystallinum — m. Garden, Calendula 
 officinalis — m. Marsh, Caltha palustris — m. Sin- 
 
MARIOTTE, EXPERIMENT OF, 56 9 
 
 MARSYPION 
 
 gle, Calendula officinalis — m. Wild, Calendula 
 arvensis. 
 
 MARIOTTE', EXPERIMENT OF, (F.) Ex- 
 perience de jlfnriotte. A celebrated experiment 
 of the Abbe Mariotte, -which consists in placing 
 two small round spots on a wall at some distance 
 from each other, standing opposite the left-hand 
 object, and looking at it with the right eye, the 
 left being closed. By walking backwards, until 
 the distance from the object is about five times 
 as great as the distance between the two objects, 
 the latter will be found to disappear. Mariotte 
 and, after him, many ophthalmologists, inferred 
 that the optic nerve, on which the ray doubtless 
 falls in this experiment, is insensible; and hence 
 that the choroid may be the seat of vision, — not 
 the retina. The inference is illogical; for it 
 doubtless falls on the part of the optic nerve 
 where the central artery enters, and the central 
 vein leaves the eyeball, and where there is neces- 
 sarily no neurine. 
 
 MARIS, najjti. Ancient name of a measure, 
 containing 83 pints and 4 ounces. 
 
 MARISCA, Ficus, Hsemorrhois. 
 
 3rARJ0LAINE, Origanum majorana. 
 
 MARJORAM, COMMON, Origanum— m. Wild. 
 Origanum — m. Sweet, Origanum majorana. 
 
 MAR JORANA, Origanum majorana — m. Man- 
 curana, Origanum. 
 
 MARMALADE, Marmelade. 
 
 MARMARYGE, see Metamorphopsia. 
 
 MARMARYGO'DES, ^ap^Lapvyoi&r,?, 'brilliant.' 
 An epithet, joined particularly to the word o<p&a\- 
 uo;, to indicate a brilliant eye, a flashing eye. 
 An eye which transmits the image of imaginary 
 objects. See Metamorphopsia. 
 
 MAR'MELADE, 3Iarmela'da, ifnrmela'ta, 
 Marmalade, Miva. Parts of vegetables, con- 
 fected with sugar, and reduced to a pultaceous 
 consistence. 
 
 Marjielade of Apricots. A marmelade, 
 prepared with two parts of ripe apricots deprived 
 of their stones, and one part of white sugar. 
 
 Marmelade op Fernel, M. of Tronehin. 
 
 Marmelade op Tronchin, or of Fernel. A 
 kind of thick looch, of an agreeable taste, pre- 
 pared with two ounces of oil of sioeet almonds, as 
 much syrup of violet?, manna in tears, very fresh 
 pulp of cassia, 16 grains of gum tragacanth, and 
 two drachms of orange flower water. It is used 
 as a laxative, demulcent, and pectoral. 
 
 MARMELATA, Marmelade. 
 
 MARMOR, napfiopoi, 3farble, Calais Car'honas 
 durus, (F.) 3farbre. White granular carbonate 
 of lime. Used in pharmacy for the preparation 
 of a pure lime, and the disengagement of carbonic 
 acid. 
 
 MARMORATA AURIUM, Cerumen. 
 
 MARMOROS, Marmor. 
 
 MARM0P>,YGE, see Metamorphopsia — m. Hip- 
 pocratis, Hemiopia. 
 
 MAROUTE. Anthemis eotula. 
 
 MARRIAGEABLE, Nubile. 
 
 MAR'RIOTT, dry VOMIT OF. This once 
 celebrated emetic, called dry, from its being ex- 
 hibited without drink, consisted of equal portions 
 of tartarized antimony, and sulphate of copper. 
 
 31ARR0NIER D'INDE, ^sculus Hippocas- 
 tanum. 
 
 MARROW, My'elos, MeduVla, 3T. ossium, 
 3[ed'ullary Juice, Axnn'gin de Mum'ia, 3fumia de 
 Medullis, Sax. meP5, (F.) Mo'dlle, Sue meduUaire. 
 The oily, inflammable, whitish or j'e'llowish juice, 
 which fills the medullary canal of the long bones, 
 the cancellated structure at the extremities of 
 those bones, the diploe of flat bones, and the in- 
 terior of short bones. The marrow is furnished 
 by the exhalation of the medullary membrane. 
 It is fluid during life, and appears under the form 
 
 of small points or brilliant grains after death. It 
 is enveloped in the medullary membrane. 
 
 Marrow, Spixal, Medulla spinalis — m. Ver- 
 tebral, Medulla spinalis. 
 
 MARRUBE BLANC, Marrubium — m. Noir, 
 Ballota fcetida. 
 
 MARRU'BIUM, 31. vulga're seu album seu 
 German'iciim seu apuhim, Pra'sium, Phrasum, 
 Horehound, (F.) 3[arrube blanc. Ord. Labiatse. 
 The leaves have a moderately strong, aromati(^ 
 smell; and a very bitter, penetrating, diffusive, 
 and durable taste. It has often been given in 
 coughs and asthmas, united with sugar. Dose, ^ss 
 to ,^j, in infusion; dose of extract, gr. x to ^^ss. 
 
 Ford's Balsam op Horehound, is made as 
 follows: — horehound, liquorice root, aa Ibiij and 
 ^^viij ; water, q. s. to strain ibvj. Infuse. To 
 the strained liquor add: — proof spirit or brandy, 
 R)12 ; camphor, ^} and ,^ij ; opium and benjamin, 
 aa ^j : dried squills, %^y, oil of aniseed, ^j ; 
 honey, ftiij and ,^viij. — Gray. It is pectoral. 
 
 Marrubium, Leonurus cardiaca — m. Album, 
 Marrubium — m. Apulum, Marrubium — m. Ger- 
 manicum, Marrubium — m. Nigrum, Ballota fo2- 
 tida— m. Vulgare, Marrubium. 
 
 MARS, Ferrum — m. Solubilis, Ferrum tartari- 
 zatum. 
 
 MARSEILLES, (CLIMATE OF.) The re- 
 marks made upon the climate of Montpelier ap- 
 ply even in greater force to that of Marseilles. 
 It possesses all the objectionable qualities of the 
 climate of southeastern France. 
 
 MARSH, Limne, Hclos, Palus, Sax. mePrc, 
 (F.) 3Iarais. Marshy districts give off emana- 
 tions, which are the fruitful source of disease 
 and the cause of great insalubrity in many coun- 
 tries. The chief disease, occasioned by the mala- 
 ria or miasm, is intermittent fever. Hence it be- 
 comes important to drain such regions, if practi- 
 cable. Some marshy countries are not so liable 
 to phthisis pulmonalis, and it has been found, 
 that where intermittents have been got rid of by 
 draining, consumption has. at times, become fre- 
 quent. The most unhealthy periods for resi- 
 dence in a marshy district are during the exist- 
 ence of the summer and autumnal heats; at 
 which times the water becomes evaporated, and 
 the marshy bottom is more or less exposed to the 
 sun's rays. This postulatum seems necessary for 
 the production of the miasmata: for whilst the 
 marsh is well covered with water, no miasm is 
 given off. 
 
 Marsh Poison, Miasm (marsh) — m. Mallow, 
 Althsea — m. Root, Statice Caroliniana — m. Tea, 
 Ledum palustre. 
 
 MARSHALL'S CERATE, see Cerate, Mar- 
 shall's. 
 
 MARSHY, Elodes. 
 
 MARSIPIUM, Marsupion. 
 
 MARSUM, Ifar'sium, 3Tar'sicum. An ancient 
 wine of Marsia, in Italy, which was used as an 
 astringent in certain diseases of the mouth. 
 
 MARSUPIAL, see Marsupion. 
 
 MARSUPIALIS, Ischio-trochanterianus, Ob 
 turator internns. 
 
 MARSUPIATE, see Marsupion. 
 
 MARSU'PION, 3/arsupeion, 3/arsyp'ion, 3Tar- 
 sip'tion, 3Ia.rsu'piinn, 3farsip'ium, Sac'cnlus, (fiap- 
 avrrtov, 'a small sack, a purse.') A .sack or bag, 
 with which any part is fomented. Also, the ab- 
 dominal pouch in the kangaroo, opossum, &c., 
 into which the young, born at a very early stage 
 of development, are received and nourished with 
 milk secreted from glands which open into the 
 pouches. Such animals are termed Jfarsn'piat, 
 3T"rsu'pinle, 3Tnrsupia'lin. See Generation. 
 
 MARSUPIUM, Scrotum — m. Musoulosnm, 
 Dartos. 
 
 MARSYPION, Marsup'on. 
 
31 A R TEA U 
 
 570 
 
 MASTITIS 
 
 MAR TEA U, Malleus. 
 MARTIAL, Chalybeate. 
 MARTIALIS, Chalybeate. 
 MARTIANA POMA, see Citrus aurantium. 
 MARTIA'TUM UNGUEN'TUM, (F.) On- 
 guent de Soldat, Soldier's ointment. This was 
 composed of hay berries, rue, marjoram, mint, sage, 
 wormwood, basil, olive oil, yellow wax, and 3Ia- 
 laga wine. It was invented by Martian ; and was 
 employed by soldiers as a preservative against 
 injuries from cold. 
 
 MARTIS LIMATURA, Ferri limatura. 
 MARUM CORTUSI, Teucrium marum — m. 
 Creticum, Teucrium marum — m. Syriacum, Teu- 
 crium marum — m. Verum, Teucrium marum — 
 m Vulsare, Thymus mastichina. 
 
 MARUTA COTULA, Anthemis cotula. 
 MAS, Male, Modiolus. 
 MASCARPIO, Masturbator. 
 MASCHALADENI'TIS, from ixacx^^v, 'the 
 axilla,' and adenitis, 'inflammation of a gland.' 
 Inflammation of the glands of the axilla. 
 MASCHALE. Axilla. 
 MASCHALI^US. Axillary. 
 MASCHALIATRI'A, from ixaaxo^n, 'the 
 axilla,' and tarptta, ' healing.' Treatment of dis- 
 ease by applications made to the axilla. 
 MASCHALIS, Axilla. 
 MASCHALISTER, Axis. 
 
 MASCHALON'CUS, IlascJialopa'nus, from 
 fiacTxaSrii 'the axilla,' and oyKos, 'a tumour.' A 
 tumour or bubo or swelling in the axilla. 
 MASCHALOPANUS, Maschaloncus. 
 MASCULA, Tribade. 
 MASCULUS, Male. 
 MASESIS, Mastication. 
 
 MA SHU A, (S.) A tuberous root, of a flat, 
 pyramidal shape, which is cultivated and cooked 
 like the potato by the Serranos of Peru. It is 
 watery and insipid, but nevertheless is much 
 eaten by them. The Indians use the mashua as 
 a medicine in dropsy, dyspepsia, and dysentery. 
 The plant is unknown to botanists. — Tschudi. 
 
 MASK, Larva, (F.) 31asque, Larve. A band- 
 age applied over the face, as a sort of mask, in 
 cases of burns, scalds, or erysipelas. It serves to 
 preserve the parts from the contact of air, and to 
 retain topical applications in situ. It is made of 
 a piece of linen, of the size of the face, in which 
 apertures are made corresponding to the eyes, 
 nose, and mouth, and which is fixed by means 
 of strings stitched to the four angles. 
 
 MASKED, Larva'tus, (F.) Larve. Disguised, 
 ■ — as a " mashed fever ," or one which is not clearly 
 developed. See Fever, masked. 
 
 MASLACII, 3loslich, Am'pfiion, An'fion. A 
 medicine much used by tbe Turks, and into the 
 composition of which opium enters. It is ex- 
 citant. 
 
 MASQUE, ^s.i\. 
 
 MASS, fia(,a, Ifaza, 3Tassa, from ftaaato, ' I 
 mix.' The compound, from which pills have to 
 be formed. 
 
 MASSA, Mass — m. Carnea Jaeobi Sylvii, see 
 Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perfo- 
 rans — m. de Dactylis, Paste, date — m. de Ex- 
 tracto glycyrrhizse, Pasta glyoyrrhizse, &e. — m. 
 de Gummi Arabieo, Paste, marshmallow — m. de 
 Zizyphorum fruetu. Paste of jujubes. 
 3JAS.'?AGE. Shampooing. 
 3IASSE D-EAU, Typha latifolia. 
 MASSEMA, Mastication. 
 3IASSE3IENT, Shampooing. 
 3rASSEPAINS. Biscuits, medicinal. 
 3IASSES APOPHYSAIRES, see Vertebra. 
 MASSESIS, Mastication. 
 
 MASSE'TER, from ftaaaofiai, 'I eat,' 'I chew.' 
 3Ins'cuhi8 mnndihnln' ris, (F.) Zygomnto-maxil- 
 lai'-e. A muscle situate at the posterior part of 
 
 the cheek, and lying upon the ramus of the lower 
 jaw-bone. It is long, quadrilateral, and is at- 
 tached, above, to the inferior edge and to the 
 inner surface of the zygomatic arch ; below, it 
 terminates at the angle of the jaw, and at the 
 outer surface and inferior margin of the ramus 
 of that bone. It is composed of an intermixture 
 of fleshy and aponeurotic fibres. Its office is to 
 raise the lower jaw, and to act in mastication. 
 Masseter Inteknus, Pterygoideus internus. 
 MASSETER'IC, 31as'seterine, 3Jasseter'icns, 
 3fasseteri'nus. (F.) 3Iasseterin, 3Iasseterique. Re- 
 lating or belonging to the masseter muscle. 
 MASSETERINE, Masseteric. 
 Masseterine Artert arises from the trunk 
 of the internal maxillary or temporalis profunda 
 posterior, and is distributed to the masseter mus- 
 cle, after having passed, horizontally, through 
 the sigmoid notch of the lower jaw-bone. 
 
 Masseterine Nerve is given off from the 
 inferior maxillary branch of the fifth pair. It 
 passes through the sigmoid notch, and is distri- 
 buted on the inner surface of the masseter. In 
 luxation of the lower jaw, this nerve is strongly 
 stretched, and considerable pain, consequently, 
 produced. 
 
 Masseterine Vein has the same distribution 
 as the artery. It opens into the internal maxil- 
 lary vein. 
 
 MASSETERINUS, Masseteric. 
 3IASSETTE, Typha latifolia. 
 MASSICOT, Plumbi ox3'dum semivitreum. 
 MASSING, Shampooing. 
 MASSULA, Molecule. 
 MASTADENITIS, Mastitis. 
 MASTALGIA, Mastodynia. 
 MASTAX, Mystax. 
 MASTEMA, Masticatory. 
 MASTER OF THE WOODS, Galium circae- 
 zans. 
 
 MASTERWORT, Angelica atropurpurea, He- 
 racleum lanatum, Imperatoria. 
 MASTESIS, Mastication. 
 MASTHELCOSIS, Mastodynia apostematosa. 
 MASTHOS, Mamma. 
 
 MASTICA'TION, 3Iastica'tio, 3fase'sis, Sfas- 
 se'sis 3fasse'ma, 3faste'sis, 3IandiLca'tio, Com- 
 manduca'tin, 3fandnca'tion, Chewing, Chawing, 
 from iiaarixatD, 'I gnash the teeth.' The action 
 of bruising food in the mouth, to prepare it for 
 the digestion it has to undergo in the stomach. 
 This is executed by the joint action of the tongue, 
 cheeks, and lips, which push the alimentary sub- 
 stance between the teeth ; and by the motions of 
 the lower jaw it is cut, torn, or bruised. 
 
 MAS'TICATORY, 3Iasticato'rinm, 3fasfe'ma, 
 Diamaste'ma. (F.) 3Iasticatoire. Same etymon. 
 Chewing. Relating or appertaining to mastica- 
 tion or chewing. Also, a substance, chewed with 
 the intention of exciting the secretion of saliva. 
 Masticatory Nerve, see Trigemini. 
 MASTICH, see Pistacia lentiscus — m. Herb, 
 common. Thymus mastichina — m. Herb, Sj'rian, 
 Teucrium marum — m. Tree, Pistacia lentiscus. 
 MASTICHEL^ON, see Pistacia lentiscus. 
 MASTICHINA GALLORUM, Thymus mas- 
 tichina. 
 
 MASTIGODES HOMINIS, Trichocephalus. 
 M A S T I G ' S I S, Flagella'fio. Flagellation, - 
 scourging ; employed bj' the ancients as a remedy 
 in many diseases. 
 
 MASTI'TIS. 3IastoVtis, 3Iastoidi'tls, 3fammi'- 
 tis, 3Iazo'i'tis, Inflammn'tio 3famma', 3Ia'<tadeni'- 
 tis, (F.) Injlamtnation des 3Inmelles, 3/ammiie, 
 from iiaarog, 'the breast,' and itis. denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the breast. In- 
 flammation of the mammary gland of the preg- 
 nant or parturient female is vulgarly called a 
 weid or weed, and a weed in the breast. 
 
MASTIX 
 
 571 
 
 MATERIA 
 
 Mastitis Apostematosa, Mastodynia aposte- 
 matosa. 
 
 Mastitis Puerpera'lis. Inflammation of the 
 mamma in the childbed woman. 
 MASTIX, see Pistaeia lentiscus. 
 MASTO-CARCINO'MA, from AcatTTof, 'the 
 breast,' and carcinoma. Carcinoma or cancer of 
 the breast. 
 
 MASTO-CHONDRO'SIS, from ^aarog, 'the 
 breast,' and xov^posy ' a cartilage.' A cartilaginous 
 formation in the breast. 
 
 MASTODES, Mastoid. 
 
 MASTODTN'IA, BFastaVgia, Mazodijn'ia, 
 from jjiaaTo;, 'the breast,' and oivvri> 'pain.' Pain 
 in the breasts; a form of neuralgia. See Neu- 
 ralgia mammae. 
 
 Mastodyn'ia Apostemato'sa, PMeg'mone 
 MamiiKB, Slastheleo'sia, Masti'iia apostemato'sa, 
 Galactupoate'ma, Galactomastoparecto'ma, Ah- 
 sces'sus MammcB seu lac'leus, Phlec/'mone JTasto- 
 dyn'ia, Abscess of the Breast, Mam'mary Abscess, 
 Milk-abscess. Phlegmonous inflammation of the 
 breasts, running on to suppuration, generally in 
 the childbed female. It is one of the best ex- 
 amples of acute phlegmonous inflammation, and 
 requires the active use of appropriate treatment. 
 
 Mastodtnia Polygala, Sparganosis — m. Po- 
 lygala, Mastospargosis. 
 
 MASTOID, Mastoi'dea, Masto'des, Masto'ideus, 
 Mamnnlla'ris, Papil'li seu mnmmUli-formisjMam- 
 miform'is, Mam'miform, (F.) Ilastoidien, from 
 fiacToj, 'a breast,' and ei.6os, 'form, resemblance.' 
 Having the form of a nipple. Also, that which 
 relates to the mastoid process, 3Iastoideus. 
 
 Mastoid Aperture: — the opening of commu- 
 nication between the cavity of the tj'mpanum 
 and the mastoid cells. 
 
 Mastoiii Cancer. A kind of firm carcinoma- 
 tous growth, the section of which is thought to 
 resemble the boiled udder of the cow. 
 
 Mastoid Cells, CeWulce Mastoidem, Antrum 
 mastoideam, ilastoid Si'nuses. These are situate 
 in the mastoid process; communicate with each 
 other, and open into the cavity of the tympanum. 
 Their use seems to be to increase the intensity 
 of sound. 
 
 Mastoid Foramen is situate behind the mas- 
 toid process, and gives passage to a small artery 
 of the dura mater, as well as to a vein which 
 opens into the lateral sinus. 
 
 Mastoid Fossa, (F.) Gouttilre masto'idienne, 
 is a depression at the inner surface of the mastoid 
 portion of the temporal bone, which forms part 
 of the lateral sinus. 
 
 Mastoid or Digas'tric Groove, (F.) Raimire 
 mastoidienne ou digastrique, is a groove, situate 
 at the inner side of the mastoid process, which 
 affords attachment to the posterior belly of the 
 digastric muscle. 
 
 Mastoid Muscle, Posterior, Splenius. 
 
 Mastoid or Maji'miforji or Mam'millary 
 Process, Proces'sus masto'ideus, Ajyoph'ysis 
 mammilla'ris, Pars niastdidea, is situate at the in- 
 ferior and posterior part of the temporal bone, 
 and gives attachment to the digastric and mastoid 
 muscles. 
 
 MASTOIDEUS, Sterno-cleido-mastoideus— m. 
 Lateralis, Complexus minor. 
 
 MASTOIDITIS, Mastitis. 
 
 3IAST0ID0-C0NCH1NIEN, Retrahens au- 
 ris — m. Genien, Digastricus — m. Hyogenien, Di- 
 gastricus — m. Oriculaire, Retrahens auris. 
 
 MASTOME'NIA, from fjiacTo;, ' the breast,' and 
 fiTiv, 'a month.' Vicarious menstruation from the 
 mamma. 
 
 MASTON'CUS, Thelon'cus, from ^oitto;, 'the 
 breast,' and oyKoq, ' a tumour.' A tumefaction 
 of the nipple, or of the breast itself. When the 
 
 tumour is of an adipous character it is termed 
 Mastopion'cus or Mastopimelon' cus. 
 
 Mastoncus Polygalacticus, Mastospargosis. 
 
 MASTOPAREC'TAMA, from ^atrros, 'the 
 breast,' and TraptKrajxa, ' excessive distension.' 
 Immoderate distension of the mammae. 
 
 MASTOPATHPA, from /xacTos, 'the breast,' 
 and za6o;, ' disease.' An affection of the breast. 
 
 MASTOPIMELOXCUS, see Mastoncus. 
 
 MASTOPIONCUS, see Mastoncus. 
 
 MASTORRHAG"IA, from jiacTos, ' the breast,' 
 and pvyvvfii, ' to flow.' An unusual flow of milk. 
 
 MASTOS, Mamma. 
 
 MASTOSCIR'RHUS, from fiacrog, ' the breast,' 
 and cKippos, 'a hard tumour.' Scirrhus, or hard 
 cancer of the breast. 
 
 MASTOSPARGO'SIS, ilastodyn'ia jyohjg'ala, 
 Maston'cus polygalac'ticus, from fiaaroi, ' the 
 breast,' and a-apyaui, ' I am full to bursting.' 
 Fulness of the breasts with milk, so that they are 
 ready to burst. 
 
 MAST0SYRTNX,Fi"8'?!(?a mammcB, from naaroq, 
 'the breast,' and ovptyl, 'a pipe.' Fistula of the 
 mamma. 
 
 MASTURBA'TION, Cina'dia, Gar'gale, Gar', 
 galus, Gargalis'mus, Mastupra'tio, Manustupra'- 
 tio, Manstupra'tio, from maims, 'the hand,' and 
 stupro, ' I ravish ;' Ona'nia, On'unism, uEdoeo- 
 gargaris'mus, uSdceogar' galus, Anaplas'mus, Gau'- 
 dia fceda, Duct'io p)'>'OBl>u'tih Vol'untary Polln'- 
 tion. Self Pollution, Self-abuse, (F.) Abus de soi- 
 meme, Attouchement. Excitement of the genital 
 organs by the hand. 
 
 MASTURBA'TOR, Ilastupra'tor, Manustw- 
 pra'tor, Mascar'pio : same etymon. One given 
 to masturbation. 
 
 MASTUS, Mamma. 
 
 MAT, (F.) Dull. 
 
 MA T SON. A didl or flat sound. The obscure 
 noise, (F.) Matite, afforded in certain diseases when 
 any part, as the chest, is percussed. It has been 
 compared to that produced when the thigh is 
 struck.' It is opposed to the Son clair, or ' clear 
 sound.' 
 
 MATE, see Ilex Paraguensis. 
 
 MATECO, Matico. 
 
 MATELLA, Urinal. 
 
 MATER, Uterus — m. Dura, Dura mater — m. 
 Herbarum, Artemisia vulgaris — m. Metallorum, 
 Hydrargyrum — m. Mollis, Pia mater — m. Perla- 
 rum, see Pearl — m. Pia, Pia mater — m. Seealis, 
 Ergot — m. Tenuis, Pia mater. 
 
 MATERIA, Matter— m. Fibrosa, Fibrin. 
 
 Mate'ria Med'ica, Phar'macolog"ia, Pharma- 
 col'ogy, Acol'ogy or Akol'ogy or Ac eolog"ia, Hyle 
 lat'rice, Iamatolog"ia, lamatol'ogy, (F.) 3Iatlere 
 Medicale. The division of medical science which 
 treats of the knowledge of medicines ; their action 
 on the animal economy, and mode of administra- 
 tion. The stud}' of the Materia Medica is one of 
 great importance ; — it is a study of the tools with 
 which the practitioner has to work in the cure 
 of disease. Much labour has been spent in con- 
 triving classifications of the Materia Medica. 
 Some have arranged the articles according to 
 their natural resemblances : others according to 
 their real or presumed virtues : others, according 
 to their active constituent principles. The Phar- 
 maeopceias place them alphabetically. Perhaps 
 the best classification would be one founded on 
 the agency exerted by the articles on the different 
 tissues ; but this arrangement, in the present state 
 of science, is by no means easy; and, moreover, 
 ideas in regard to the action of medicines are 
 so associated with certain terms, — as narcotics, 
 tonics, sedatives, &c., employed to denote certain 
 operations, which they are esteemed capable of 
 producing, that, to abandon them, would be to 
 throw obstacles in the way of the student, with- 
 
MATERIALISTA 
 
 572 
 
 MATRICULATE 
 
 out the ultimate advantage accj-uing to him of 
 possessing a better knowledge of the modus ojye- 
 randi of medicines than when a classification, 
 somewhat resembling those usually embraced, is 
 adopted. 
 
 The following is the classification adopted by 
 the Author, in his " General Therapeutics and 
 Materia Medica, 6th edit., Philad., 1857 :— 
 
 1. Agents that affect pro- T Emetics, 
 minently the alimentary ca- < Cathartics, 
 
 nal or its contents, ( Anthelminthics. 
 
 2. Agents that affect pro- C 
 
 minently the respiratory or- < Expectorants, 
 gans, (. 
 
 fErrhines, 
 .3. Agents that affect pro- | Sialogogues, 
 iTiinently the follicular or -{ Diuretics, 
 
 glandular organs. 
 
 Antilithics, 
 Diaphoretics. 
 
 ■ Narcotics, 
 Tetanies, 
 
 _ Antispasmodics. 
 
 Emmenagogues, 
 Parturifacients, 
 
 4. Agents that affect pro- 
 minently the nervous sys- 
 tem, 
 
 5. Agents that affect pro- 
 minently the organs of re- 
 production, 
 
 f Excitants, 
 Tonics, 
 
 6. Agents that affect va- , gedatlfes?'' 
 rious organs, I Refrigerants, 
 
 I Revellents, 
 (^ Eutrophics. 
 u. . , 1 L- ■ r Antacids, 
 
 7. Agents whose action is 1 ^ntalkalies, 
 prominently chemical, [Disinfectants 
 
 8. Agents whose action is f Demulcents, 
 prominently mechanical, \ Diluents. 
 
 Of old, the Materia Medica consisted of more 
 articles than at present. The tendency, indeed, 
 is, and must be, to diminish it still further; to 
 get rid of those articles which possess no advan- 
 tages over others equally common, or whose pro- 
 perties are doubtful. In a dictionary, it becomes 
 necessary to insert all that have been reputed to 
 possess virtues ; but the majority are unneces- 
 sary. The catalogue might be largely reduced 
 ■with impunity. 
 
 Materia Medica, Dynamical, Pharmacody- 
 namics. 
 
 Materia Morbo'sa, 3f. Peecans, Mate'ries 
 Iforbi, Morbid matter. The matter or material 
 which is the cause of disease. 
 
 Materia Ossea, Terra Ossea — m. Peecans, 
 M. Morbosa — m. Sialina, see Saliva — m. Scyto- 
 dephica, Tannin — m. Testacea dentium, see 
 Tooth — m. Urinosa, Urea. 
 
 MATERIALISTA, Druggist. 
 
 3fA TERIA UX IM3IEDIA TS, Principles, im- 
 mediate. 
 
 MATERIES, Matter— m. Morbi, Materia mor- 
 bosa. 
 
 MATHEWS PILLS, Pilulse ex hellebore et 
 mj'rrha. 
 
 MATHIEU'S VERMIFUGE, see Vermifuge. 
 
 MA'TIAS. The bark of a South American 
 tree not yet determined. It is used in its native 
 country in intermittents, and as a tonic generally. 
 Its principal characteristic constituent is a bitter 
 resinous matter. It is probably the same as the 
 Mnlamho hark. 
 
 MATI'CO, (pronounced matee'co,) 3Tatec6, Ma- 
 t!c((, Yerba del SoMado, Soldier's tceed or herb. 
 A South American herb — Piper angustifoliwai seu 
 longa'tum, Stephens'ia elonga'tn, Artan'tlie eloii- 
 ga'ta, Ord. Piperacese — which is possessed of 
 astringent virtues, and is used both internally 
 and externally. It is given in infusion made of 
 one ounce of the leaves to a pint of boiling water. 
 
 of which the dose is f 3iss, or in tincture, made 
 of ^iiss of the leaves to a pjint of dilute alcohol. 
 
 31 AT JE RE, M.a.tier — m. Caseuse, Casein — m. 
 Cerebriforrne, Encephaloid — m. Extractive da 
 Bouillon, Osmazome — m. Fibreuse du Sang, 
 Fibrin — tn. 3Iedicale, Materia Medica — m. de la 
 Jlelanose, see Choroidea tunica — m. Noire dea 
 Ponmons, Anthracosis — 7n.Perl.ee de KerJcring,' 
 Antimoniumdiaphoreticum — m.Pulmonaire noire, 
 see Pulmo. ^ 
 
 3fA TITE, see 3Iat son. 
 
 MATLOCK, MINERAL WATERS OF. Mat- 
 lock is a village in Derbyshire, England, at which 
 there is a mineral spring of the acidulous class. 
 Temperature 66°. It differs but little, except in 
 temperature, from good spring-water. It is ge- 
 nerally used as a tepid bath. 
 
 MATONIA CARDAMOMUM, Amomum car- 
 damomum. 
 
 MATORIUM, Ammoniac, gum. 
 -MATRACIUM. Matrass, Urinal. 
 MATRASS, Jfatra'cium. A glass vessel with 
 a long neck; and around, and sometimes oval, 
 body. It may be furnished with tubulures, or 
 not. It is used in Pharmacy fur distillation, di- 
 gestion, &c. 
 
 MATRES CEREBRI, Meninges. 
 3IATRICAIRE, Matricaria. 
 MATRICA'LIS, 3Iatrica'riu8, from matrix, 
 matricis, ' the uterus.' Relating to the uterus. 
 
 3Iatricalia are remedies for diseases of the 
 uterus. 
 
 MATRICA'RIA, from matrix, matricis, 'the 
 womb ;' so called from its reputed virtues in 
 affections of that organ. If. Parthe'niwn, Par- 
 the'niuni febrif'vgnm, Py'rethrum seu Chrysanth'- 
 emnm parthe'nium, Argyrocha'ta, Chrysoc'alis, 
 Fever-feio, Feather-few, 31 other -xcort, Cowthwort, 
 (Sc.) Fever-fouillie, (F.) ikitricaire. Nat. Ord. 
 Compositse. The flowers resemble, in their pro- 
 perties, chamomile and tansy; and, like them, 
 have been esteemed tonic, stomachic, resolvent, 
 emmenagogue, vermifuge, &c. They are not 
 much used. 
 
 Matricaria, see Matricaria chamomilla. 
 Matrica'ria Chamomil'la, 3[. Suav'colens, 
 An'themis vulga'ris, Chamame'lum Vulga're, Cha- 
 momil'la nostras, Leucan' themum of Dioscorides, 
 Wild Corn, Dog's Cham'omile, German Chamo- 
 mile, (F.) Camomille vulgaire. The flowers, 3Ja- 
 trica'ria (Ph. U. S.), resemble Matricaria in 
 properties. 
 
 Matrica'ria Glabra'ta. A South African 
 plant, known at the Cape as Wild Chamomile, 
 has the same properties as the other species of 
 matricaria. 
 
 Matricaria Leucanthejium, Chrysanthemum 
 Leucanthemum — m. Suaveolens, M. Chamomilla. 
 3IATRICE, Uterus— m. Colde la, Collum uteri 
 — m. de rOnr/le, see Nail. 
 
 MATRICULATE, from matricula, diminutive 
 of matrix, matricis, 'a roll,' originally 'an army 
 roll or register.' One who is admitted into a uni- 
 versity or college, by enrolling or having his 
 name enrolled on the register of the institution. 
 In France, prendre inscription means 'to matri- 
 culate;' and, in the university regulations of that 
 country, it is required, that the inscription shall 
 be made every three months, until the termina- 
 tion of the prescribed period of study; the stu- 
 dent having to take his inscription within the 
 first fortnight of each trimestre or of every three 
 months, and to present himself within the last 
 fortnight of the trimestre to establish the fact of 
 his attendance. 
 
 In this country, it is only necessary to matri- 
 culate at the commencement of each session. 
 
 One who has thus enrolled himself in an insti- 
 tution is called a 3Iatriculate. 
 
MATRISYLVA 
 
 5 7 3 dIA XILLO-AL VE LI-NASAL 
 
 MATRISYLVA, Asperula odorata. 
 
 MATRIX, Cytoblastema, Uterus — m. Unguis, 
 see Nail. 
 
 MATRONA, Midwife. 
 
 MATRON'ALIS, Viola. 
 
 MATTEE, see Ilex Paraguensis. 
 
 MATTER, Mate'ria, EyU, 3fate'nes, (1?.) 3fa- 
 fiere. Any substance which enters into the com- 
 position of a body. In Medicine, it is sometimes 
 applied to the substance of evacuations; and is 
 also used synonymously with pus. 
 
 MATTING OP PARTS, Hapantismus. 
 
 MATULA, Urinal. 
 
 MATURA'TION, Matura'tio, from niaturare, 
 matura'tum, 'to ripen.' Pepas'mos, Pepan'ais. 
 Progression of an abscess towards maturity. The 
 state of maturity. Coction. 
 
 MATURATIF, Maturative. 
 
 MAT'URATIVE, MaUi-'rans, Pepanticos, (F.) 
 Maturatif. Same etymon. A medicine which 
 favours the maturation of an inflammatory tu- 
 mour. 
 
 MATURATUS, Concocted. 
 
 MATU'RITY, Matu'ritas, Horce'otes. Same 
 etymon. The state of fruits and seeds, when 
 comparatively developed. State of an abscess, 
 in which the pus is completely formed. 
 
 Maturity, Precocioi s, Precocity. 
 
 MAUDLIN, Achillea ageratum — m. Tansey, 
 Achillea ageratum — ifl Wort, Chrysanthemum 
 leueanthemum. 
 
 MAULES, Rubeola. 
 
 MAUVE SAUVAGE, Malva. 
 
 MA TJX BE NERFS, Hysteria. 
 
 MAW, Stomach — m. Bound, Constipated — m. 
 Worm, Asearis. 
 
 MAXILLA, Maxillary Bone. 
 
 MAX'ILLARY, Maxilla' ris, (P.) iraxillaire, 
 from maxilla, 'a jaw.' Relating or belonging to 
 the jaws; from ^affcrau, 'I chew.' 
 
 Maxillary Arteries are three in number. 
 1. External maxilhrrt/. See Pacial. 2. Internal 
 maxillary — A. Guituro-maxillaire (Ch.). This 
 arises from the external carotid with the tempo- 
 ral. It is remarkable for its complex course, 
 and for the number of branches which it trans- 
 mits to the deep-seated parts of the face. Imme- 
 diately after its origin, it buries itself under the 
 neck of the lower jaw, curving inwards and 
 downwards. It then advances directly inwards; 
 proceeding in the space between the two ptery- 
 goid muscles towards the maxillary tuberosity. 
 It turns again, becomes vertical, and ascends into 
 the bottom of the zygomatic fossa, until, having 
 arrived at the floor of the orbit, it takes a hori- 
 zontal and transverse direction ; enters the sphe- 
 no-maxillary fossa, and divides into several 
 branches. See Artery, (table.) 
 
 Maxillary Bone, Maxil'la, 3fandib'ula,Gam'- 
 phele, Gnathns, Mola, Siac/on, Jaichone, (Prov.) 
 Chaffbone, Chall, Chaule, Chavel, Uhawbone, Gill, 
 (F.) Mdchoire. A name given to two bones, 
 which support the teeth, and, by means of them, 
 are inservient to the cutting, bruising, and tear- 
 ing of alimentai-y substances. 
 
 Maxillary Bone, J^^w^'mon, Lower jaw-hone, 
 Os Maxilln've inferius, 3Iaxil'la inferior, Hypo- 
 si'ar/on, (P.) Os maxillaire (Ch.), Mdchoire dia- 
 cranienne, is a symmetrical, nearly parabolic 
 bone, the middle portion of which is horizontal, 
 and called the body; and the posterior is vertical, 
 the angular portions being termed Rami or 
 branches. These have behind a, 2iarotidean edge, 
 which forms — by uniting with the base — the angle 
 of the jaw. The branches terminate above by 
 two processes, separated by the sigmoid notch or 
 fossa; the anterior of which is called the coro- 
 noid ; the posterior, the condyloid process or 
 maxillary condyle, supported by a Cervix, Collum, 
 
 or Neck. The chief parts observed on the lower 
 jaw are — 1. Externally, — the Sym'physia menti, 
 A2)oph'ysis menti. Mental foramen, and the exter- 
 nal oblique line. 2. Internally, — the Genian 
 apoph'ysis, the internal or Myloid oblique lines, 
 and the entrance of the dental canal. The lower 
 jaw has, also, an alveolar edge, which contains 
 alveoli for the reception of the teeth. The lower 
 jaw-bone is developed by two points of ossifica- 
 tion, which unite at the symphysis of the chin. 
 It is articulated with the temporal bone and with 
 the teeth. 
 
 Maxillary Bone, Supe'rior, Upper jaw-bone, 
 Blaxil'la superior seu syncra'nia, Os maxilla' re 
 supe'rius, (P.) Os sus-maxillaire (Ch.), Maehoire 
 syneranienne. The upper jaw-bones are to the 
 face what the sphenoid bone is to the cranium. 
 They are articulated with all the portions com- 
 posing it. They determine, almost alone, the 
 shape of the face, and give it solidit.y. Their size 
 is considerable; form unequal. They occupy the 
 middle and anterior part of the face; and enter 
 into the composition of the nasal fossae, orbit, 
 and mouth. The chief parts observable in the 
 upper jaw are — 1. Externally, — the Nasal pro- 
 cess, Processus nasa'lis seu fronta'lis seu aseen'- 
 dens, (P.) Apophyse montante, the superior or 
 or'bital surface, Superfic"ies orbita'lis. Planum 
 orbita'le, which forms almost the entire floor of 
 the orbit, the Fora'men infra-orb ita'rittm, Zygo- 
 matic process. Canine or Myr'tiform fossa. 2. 
 Internally, — the Pal'atine process, Ante'rior pal'a- 
 tine canal, and the Antrum of Highmore. Its cir- 
 cumference is very unequal, and it has behind a 
 round, unequal prominence, called the Maxillary 
 tuberosity, which is pierced by the posterior den- 
 tal canal. Anteriorly, there is a notch, which 
 forms part of the anterior aperture of the nasal 
 fossEe, and beneath, an eminence, called the ayite- 
 rior nasal spine. The lower part of this circum- 
 ference forms the alveolar margin. Each supe- 
 rior maxillary bone is articulated with the eth- 
 moid, frontal, nasal, lachr3»mal, palatine, inferior 
 spongy, vomer, its fellow, the teeth of the upper 
 jaw, and sometimes the sphenoid bone. It is 
 developed by four or five points of ossification. 
 
 Maxillary Nerves are two in number, and 
 formed of the second and third branches of the 
 fifth pair. The Superior Maxillary Nerve, 
 Nerf sus-maxillaire (Ch.), arises from the middle 
 of the gangliform enlargement of the fifth pair; 
 passes forwards, and issues from the cranium 
 through the foramen rotundum of the sphenoid 
 bone; enters the spheno-maxillary fossa, which 
 it crosses horizontally; passes into the infra- 
 orbitar canal, which it traverses ; and makes its 
 exit to vanish on the cheek. It gives off the fol- 
 lowing branches, — the orbitar, a branch which 
 goes to the spheno-2jalat!ne ganglion; 23oiterior 
 dental branches ; the anterior dental, — and ter- 
 minates in the infra-orbitar nerves, which are 
 divided into superior, inferior, and internal. The 
 inferior maxillary nerve, Nerf maxillaire (Ch.), 
 is the largest of the three branches furnished by 
 the fifth pair. It issues from the cranium by the 
 foramen ovale of the sphenoid. Having reached 
 the zygomatic fossa, it divides into two trunks ; 
 the one superior and external, which gives off 
 the lemporales profundi, masaeterine, buccal, and 
 pterygoids ; — the other — inferior and internal — 
 the larger of the two, which furnishes the inferior 
 dental, lingual, and auricular. 
 
 Maxillary Veins present the same arrange- 
 ment as the arteries they accompany. 
 
 MAXILL - AL YEOLI- NASAL, Depressor 
 alas nasi — m. Labial, Depressor anguli oris — m. 
 Narinnl, Compressor naris — m. Palpebral, Orbi- 
 cularis palpebrarum — m. Scleroticien, Obliquua 
 inferior oculi. 
 
MAY APPLE 
 
 •5 74 
 
 MEDIAN 
 
 MAT APPLE, Podophyllum peltatum — m. a. 
 Mountain, Podophyllum montanum — m. Flower, 
 Anthemis cotula — m. Weed, Anthemis eotula. 
 MAYELLA, Curcuma longa. 
 MATNARD'S ADHESIVE LIQUID, CoUo- 
 dion. 
 
 MAYS, Zea mays — m. Americana, Zea mays 
 — m. Zea, Zea mays. 
 
 MAYWORM, TRUE, Meloe majalis. 
 MAYZ, Zea mays. 
 jNIAZA, Mass, Placenta. 
 MAZALYSIS, Mazolysis. 
 
 MA'ZICUS, from maza, 'placenta.' Relating 
 to the placenta. 
 
 MAZISCH'ESIS, from maza, 'the placenta,' 
 and i7;j;tcrc;, 'holding,' 'retention.' Retention of 
 the placenta. 
 
 MAZODYNIA, Mastodynia. 
 MAZOITIS, Mastitis. 
 
 MAZOL'YSIS, Mazal'ysis, from maza, 'pla- 
 centa,' and \vaii, 'solution.' Separation of the 
 placenta. 
 
 MAZOPATHI'A, from maza, 'placenta,' and 
 Kada;, 'disease.' A disease of the placenta. One 
 originating from the placenta. 
 MAZOS, Mamma. 
 MEAD, Hydromeli, Melizomum. 
 MEADOW BLOOM, Ranunculus acris — m. 
 Fern, Comptonia asplenifolia — m. Pride, see Ca- 
 lumba — m. Rue, Thalictron — m. Saffron, Vinegar 
 of, Acetum colchici — m. Sweet, Gillenia trifoliata, 
 Spirtea ulmaria — m. Sweet, American, Spiraea 
 lobata — m. Sweet, red. Spiraea tomentosa, 
 MEALY TREE, Viburnum dentatum. 
 
 MEASLES, Rubeo- 
 la — m. Black, see Ru- 
 beola — m. False, Rose- 
 olffi — m. French, Rose- 
 olas. 
 
 MEASLINGS, Ru- 
 beola. 
 
 MEASLY, Morbil- 
 lous. 
 
 MEASURE, GRA- 
 DUATED. A glass 
 measure, used in phar- 
 macy, which is so di- 
 vided as to indicate ac- 
 curately the quantities 
 in dispensing liquid 
 medicines. 
 
 MEASUREMENT, 
 Mensuration. 
 MEASURES, see Weights and Measures. 
 MEASURING, MEDICAL, Mensuration. 
 MEAT BISCUIT, see Biscuit, meat. 
 ME_AT, EXTRACTIVE OF, Osmazome. 
 3IEAT, Meatus. 
 
 MEA'TUS, Ductus, Cana'Us, Poms, (F.) 3Ieat, 
 from men, meatum, 'to go.' A pa^^age or canal. 
 Meatus Additorius Extern-us, Auditory ca- 
 nal, external — m. Auditorius internus, Auditory 
 canal, internal — m. Cebcus, Eustachian tube — m. 
 Cutieulares, Pori cutanei — m. Cysticus, Cystic 
 duet — m. Narium, see Nasal fossse — m. Seminales 
 uteri, Tubse FallopianEe — m. Seminarius, Corpus 
 Ilighmori — m. Urinarius, Urethra. 
 
 MECHAMECK, Convolvulus panduratus — m. 
 Bindweed, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 MECHANE, Machine. 
 MECHANEMA, Machine. 
 MECHAN'ICAL, Jfechan'icus, from fur^avri, 
 'a machine.' An epithet given to irritating bo- 
 dies, which do not act chymically — as a mechani- 
 cal irritant. 
 
 Four-ounce Glass Measure. 
 
 Mechanical or lATRO-MATHEirATicAL Phtsi- 
 CIASS, Id'tro-mechaii'ici seu Td'tromathemat'ici, 
 are such as refer every function, healthy or mor- 
 bid, to mechanical or mathematical principles; — 
 2Iedici'na median' ica. 
 
 _ MECHAN'ICS, AN'IMAL. That part of phy- 
 siology whose objects are to investigate the laws 
 of equilibrium and motion of the animal body. 
 
 MECH'ANISM, Mechanism' us. The structure 
 of a body; the collection or aggregate of the 
 parts of a machine; the mode in which forces 
 produce any effect, <tc. 
 
 MECHE, Tent. This term is usually applied 
 in French surgery to a collection of threads of 
 charpie, cotton or raw silk, united together, which 
 are used for deterging sinuous or fistulous ulcers ; 
 or to keep open or enlarge natural or artificial 
 apertures. They are generally applied by means 
 of an instrument called Porte-meche. 
 
 MECHOACANA NIGRA, Convolvulus jalapa 
 — m. Nigricans, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 
 MECHOACANA RADIX, Convolvulus me- 
 choacan. 
 
 MEOHOACAN BU CANADA, Phytolacca 
 decandra. 
 
 MECOM'ETER, (F.) 2Iecometre; from iinKo?, 
 'length,' and itsrpov, 'measure.' A kind of gra- 
 duated compass, — compas de proportion, — used at 
 the Hospice de Maternite of Paris, to measure 
 the length of new-born infants. 
 
 MECON, Meconium, Opium, Papaver. 
 
 MECONICUM, Opiate. 
 
 MECONIS'MUS, Intoxiea'tio opia'ca ; from 
 firiKiiiv, 'the poppy.' Poisoning by opium. 
 
 MECO'NIUM, same etymon. Poppy juice, 
 Papiaver' culum, Purgamen'ta Infantis, Mecon, 
 The excrement passed by the infant a short 
 time after birth, which had accumulated in the 
 intestines during pregnancy. It is of a greenish 
 or deep black colour, and very viscid. It seems 
 formed of the mucous secretions of the intestines 
 mixed with bile. 
 
 MEC0N0L06"IA, Opiolog"ia; from hvkuiv, 
 'a poppy,' and Xoyos, 'a description.' A treatiso 
 on opium. 
 
 MECONOPSIS DIPHYLLA, Stylophorum di- 
 phyllum. 
 
 MEDCINARE, Doctor. 
 
 MEDEA, Genital organs. 
 
 MEDECIN, Physician — m. Consultant, Con- 
 sulting physician — m. de Fous, see Psychiatria. 
 
 3fEDEGINE, Medicina — m. Expectante, Ex- 
 pectation — ?«. Lejale, Medicine, legal — m. Mili- 
 taire. Military medicine — m, Operatoire, Surgery, 
 operative — m. Perturbatrice, Perturbatris (Me- 
 dicina.) 
 j! MEDELA, Curation. 
 
 !i MEDE'NI. A term used by Paracelsus for 
 ' cutaneous ulcerations like those of boils. 
 
 MEDEOLA VERTICILLIFOLIA, M. Virgi- 
 [, nica. 
 
 j Mede'ola Virgin'ica, M. verticillifo'Ua, Gy- 
 \[ ro'ynia Virgin'ica, Indian cu'cumber. Order, 
 : Smilaceae. An indigenous herb, growing in every 
 part of the United States, the root of which re- 
 j sembles a small cucumber. It has been thought 
 |, to be diuretic. 
 
 ,| MEDIAN, Media'nus ; from medium, 'the mid- 
 dle' That which is situate in the middle. 
 
 Median Line. A vertical line, supposed to 
 divide a body longitudinally into two equal parts ; 
 the one right, the other left. Chaussier calls the 
 linea alba the ligne medinne of the abdomen. 
 
 Median Nerve, Median digital, (Ch.) This 
 nerve arises chiefly from the anterior branches of 
 
MEDIANUM 
 
 575 
 
 MEDICINAL 
 
 th J last two cervical nerves and first dorsal. The 
 fifth and sixth cervical pairs also send it a branch, 
 which separates from the musculo-cutaneous 
 nerve. The median nerve descends the inner 
 part of the arm along the biceps muscle. Op- 
 posite the elbow joint it buries itself behind 
 the aponeurosis of that muscle, and engages it- 
 self between the two fasciculi of the pronator 
 teres. Lower down, it is situate between the 
 flexors — sublirais and profundus — and passes, 
 with their tendons, under the anterior annular 
 ligament; it then divides into five branches, 
 which are distributed to the muscles of the the- 
 nar eminence, to the lumbricales, the-integuments 
 of the thumb, the index, middle finger, and outer 
 part of the ring finger. This nerve gives no 
 branches to the arm. In the forearm, it furnishes 
 filaments to all the pronator and flexor muscles; 
 and one of them accompanies the anterior inter- 
 osseous artery. It also gives off a filament to the 
 integuments of the palm of the hand. 
 
 Median Veiks. Three of the superficial veins 
 of the forearm are so called. The median basilic 
 — the median cephalic, and common median or/u- 
 nie hrachii. See Basilic and Cephalic. 
 
 MEDIANUM, Mediastinum, Mesentery. 
 
 MEDIAS'TINAL, Mediastina'lis, {¥.) 3IS- 
 diantin. Relating to the Mediastinum. 
 
 Mediastinal Arteries are very delicate arte- 
 rial branches, distributed in the areolar texture 
 of the mediastinum. They are distinguished, 
 according to their situation, into anterior and 
 posterior. 
 
 MEDIASTINITIS, Mesodmitis. 
 
 MEDIASTI'NUM, Mediasti' nus, quasi, in me- 
 dio utaiis, as being in the middle; Menod'me, Me- 
 dia' nnm, Ifesotoe'chium, Mesotre'chnm., Septum 
 thora'eis, Hi/men Diaphrat'ton, Memhra' na Dia- 
 phralton seu thora'cem internep'iens. Iiitersepi- 
 meii'tum thora'eis, Diribito'rium, Dissipimen'tiim 
 thora'eis, (F.) Mediastin. A membranous space 
 formed by the approximation of the pleura3, 
 dividing the chest into two parts, the one right, 
 the other left. The mediastinum, formed by a 
 double refiection of the pleura, extends from the 
 spine to the posterior surface of the sternum. Its 
 anterior part, called Anterior mediastinum. Me- 
 diastinum pfctora7e, lodges, at its upper part, the 
 thymus gland in the foetus, and is filled below 
 with fatty, areolar tissue. Its posterior part, 
 parallel to the spine, is occupied by the oesopha- 
 gus, vena azygos, thoracic duct, the lower part 
 of the windpipe, the origin of the bronchia and a 
 number of lymphatic glands. This part is called 
 the posterior mediastinum — Mediastinum dorsa'le. 
 
 By some anatomists, Mediastinum is defined to 
 be the pleural walls of the membranous space, 
 whilst the space itself is termed Cavuni me- 
 diasti'ni. 
 
 Mehiastinuw Auris, see Tympanum — m. Ce- 
 rebri, Falx cerebri, Septum lucidum — m. Testis, 
 Corpus Highmori. 
 
 MEDIASTINUS, Mediastinum. 
 
 MEDICABILIS, Curable. 
 
 MEDICABLE, Curable. 
 
 MED'IC^. Sworn midwives, whose duty it 
 was, of old, to inspect women in cases of suspect- 
 ed pregnancy. 
 
 MED'ICAL, Medica'lis, lat'ricus, PcBon'ius, 
 PcBon'icns, Phys'ical (of old), Escnla'pian, (F.) 
 Medical. Same etymon as Medicament. Apper- 
 taining or relating to medicine or to medicines. 
 
 Medical Jctrisprudence, Medicine, legal — m. 
 Man, Surgeon-Apothecary. 
 
 MEDICALIS. Medical. 
 
 MED'ICAMENT, 3fedicamen'fum, Remed'ium, 
 Ace'sis, Aees'nia, Aces'tium, Aces'tys, Althos, Hy- 
 giaa'mn, la'ma, Acos, Medica'men, Phar'macum, 
 Pharmaceti'ma, Alkar, Anxil'ium, Boethe'ma, 
 
 Med'icine, (old E.) Medsine ; Physic, Rem'edy> 
 Jiem'etic, (F.) Bemede; from medicor, medicutus, 
 'to cure or heal.' A medicine. Any substance 
 exhibited with the view of curing or allaying 
 morbid action. Medicines are obtained from thq 
 three kingdoms of nature, and are divided into 
 internal and external, according as they are ad- 
 ministered internally or applied externally. 
 
 In common language, medicine is often called 
 Stuff, Doctors' stuff, and, in the Southern States, 
 Truck. 
 
 MEDICAMENTAL, Medicinal. 
 
 MEDICAMENTO'SUS LAPIS, Medic"inal 
 stone, (P.) Pierre medicamenteuse. A name for- 
 merly given to a mixture of peroxyd of iron, li- 
 tharge, alum, nitre, sal ammoniac, and vinegar ■; 
 evaporated and calcined at a red heat for an 
 hour. The product was regarded as eminently 
 astringent. 
 
 MEDICAMENTUM, Drug — m. ex Palmulis, 
 Diaphoenicon. 
 
 MEDICAS'TER, Medicaatra. An ignorant 
 practitioner. A charlatan. 
 
 MEDICA'TION, 31edica'tio. Same etymon as 
 Medicament. The change in the animal econpmy 
 produced by the operation of remedies. Treat- 
 ment by medicine. The act of impregnating 
 with some medicine. 
 
 MEDICATION HYPODERMIQVE, see Hy- 
 podermic. 
 
 MEDICATRIXA, latrion. 
 
 MEDICA'TRIX, same etymon. ' Having the 
 power of healing.' A female practitioner. 
 
 MEDICI'NA, Ars med'ica seu Machao'nia seu 
 Machadn'ica, Res medica, lat'rice, late'ria, 
 I'dtri'a, latri'ne, PcBos'yne, Pmon'ice, latroiech'- 
 nice, Acesto'ria, Scien'tia med'ica seu medendi, 
 Sote'ria doctri'na, Med'icine, (old E.) Medsine, 
 The healing art, Leech craft. Physic, (F.) Mede- 
 cine. Same etymon. A science, the object of 
 which is the cure of disease and the preservation 
 of health. Occasionally, it is used to comprehend 
 all the branches of the healing art ; at others to 
 comprise one great division, in contradistinction 
 to surgery and obstetrics. Medicine, in this sense, 
 includes many branches ; — the chief of which are. 
 Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Therapeutics, 
 Hygiene, Materia Medica, and Pharmacy. 
 
 Medicina Conservativa, Hygiene — m. Diset- 
 etica, Dietetics — m. Diasostica, Hygiene — m. 
 Eclectica, see Eclectic — m. Efficax, Surgery — m. 
 Equaria, Hippiatria — m. Euectica, Gymnastics — 
 m. Forensis, Medicine, legal — m. Gymnastica, 
 Gymnastics — m. Hermetica, see Spagyrists — m. 
 Judiciaria, Medicine, legal — m. Meclianica, Kine- 
 sipathy, see Mechanical — m. Methodica, see Me- 
 thodists — m. Militaris, Military medicine — m, 
 Operativa, Surgery — m. Paraeelsistica, see Spa- 
 gyrists — m. Perturbatri.x, see Perturbatrix — m. 
 Politica, Police, medical — m. Politico-forensis, 
 Medicine, state — m. Publica, Medicine, state — 
 m. Sinica, Chinese medicine— m. Spag-yrica, Chy- 
 miatria; see Spagyrists — m. State, Police, medi- 
 cal — m. Tristitiae, Crocus — m. Veterinaria, Vete- 
 rinary art. 
 
 MEDICINABLE, Medicinal. 
 
 MEDICINAL, Medicina'lis, Medicament' al, 
 Medic"inable, Med'ical, later'ius, Reme'dial, Re- 
 me'diate, (F.) Jledicinal, 3Iedicamenteux. Same 
 etymon. Having a remedial power; — as medi- 
 cinal plants, &c. Relating to medicine, as 
 
 Medic"inal Days, Medicina'les Dies. Days 
 on which the ancients considered that remedies 
 might be administered; and especially evaouants. 
 Such days were not esteemed critical. 
 
 Medicinal Hours. Times at which — the sto- 
 mach being freed from its digestive actions — 
 medicine, it was thought, could be most advan- 
 tageously administered, as in the morning fast- 
 
MEDICINE 
 
 576 
 
 MEDULLARY 
 
 ing, an hour before dinner, some hours after it, 
 and at bedtime. 
 
 MEDICINE, Medicament, Medicina. 
 
 Medicine is, also, used in the same sense as 
 Medicament, and for a purging potion. 
 
 To Medicine was formerly used for "to restore 
 or cure by medicine." 
 
 Medicine Chest, Pharmacotheca. 
 
 Medicine, Clinical, see Clinical — m. Eclec- 
 tic, see Eclectic — m. Empirical, Arcanum — m. 
 Galenic, Galenism. 
 
 Medicine, Legal, Medical jurispru'dence of 
 some. Law or Foren'sic medicine, 3fedici'na fo- 
 ren'sis seu judicia'ria, Diciatri'a, (¥.) Ifedecine 
 legale. The application of medical knowledge to 
 the solution of every question connected with 
 the preservation of the species, and the adminis- 
 tration of justice. 
 
 Medicine, Patent, see Patent medicine — m. 
 Political, Police, medical — m. Quack, Arcanum. 
 
 Medicine Stamp, Cachet. 
 
 Medicine, State, lledici'na puVlica seu poli- 
 tico-foren'sis. The medical knowledge, brought 
 to bear on state objects, as on public hygiene, 
 and matters appertaining to medical jurispru- 
 
 MEDICINAR, Doctor. 
 
 3IE Die INTER GATHARTIQUE, Jatropha 
 curcas. 
 
 MED'ICO - CHIRURG"ICAL, 3Ied'{co - Ohi- 
 rur'gicus. Pielating or appertaining to medicine 
 and surgery; — as ' medico-chirurgical society.' 
 
 Medico-Chirurgical Anatomy, see Anatomy. 
 
 MEDICO-LEGAL, Med'ico-lega'lia. Relating 
 to legal medicine; as 'a wedico-legal inquiry, 
 Inquisit"io tnedico-lega'lis — 'a medico-legal in- 
 spection,' Inspec'tio med' ico-lega' lis. 
 
 MEDICO-STATISTICAL, see Statistics, me- 
 dical. 
 
 MEDICUS, Doctor, Physician — m. Equarius, 
 Hippiater — m. Ocularis, Oculist — m. Ophthal- 
 micus, Oculist — m. Unguentarius, latraleptes — 
 m. Veterinarius, Hippiater — m. Vulnerarius, see 
 Deligation — m. Vulnerum, Surgeon. 
 
 MEDIM'NUS, Medim')ws,ij.c&ifivos. An ancient 
 measure, capable of containing about 4 pecks and 
 6 pints. 
 
 MEDINOGORDIUS, Dracunculus. 
 
 MEDITULLIUM, Diploe. 
 
 MEDIUM MUSCULI, see Muscle — m. Ven- 
 tris. Umbilicus. 
 
 MEDIUS, Middle, Median. 
 
 Me'dius Dig"itcs, Middle Finger, (F.) Doigt 
 du Milieu, is between the index and ring finger. 
 
 MEDLAR, Mespilus. 
 
 MED SINE, Medicament, Medicina. 
 
 MEDO, Hvdromeli. 
 
 MEDOBLENNORRHCEA, Leucorrhoea. 
 
 MEDORPtHGEA, Gonorrhoea — m. Feminarum 
 insons, Leucorrhoea — m. Virilis, Gonorrhoea. 
 
 MEDULLA, Marrow — m. Cerebri, see Cere- 
 brum — m. Dorsalis, M. Spinalis — m. Dorsualis, 
 M. Spinalis — m. Nervorum, Neurine. 
 
 Medul'la Oblonga'ta, Oblong medul'la, Cer'- 
 ebral protu'beranee, Nervous si/stem of the senses, 
 (Gall), Cer'ebruni elonga'tum, (P.) Mesocephale, 
 Mo'elle allongee, Mesenvejihale, (Ch.) The medul- 
 lary substance that lies within the cranium upon 
 the basilary process of the occipital bone. The 
 anterior surface which rests in the basilary 
 groove, is impressed by the basilary artery. At 
 the upper extremity, and on its posterior surface 
 are the Tubercula quadrigemina. At the same 
 extremity, the medulla gives rise to two prolon- 
 gations, the peduncles of the brain, separated from 
 each other by the mammillary eminences, and 
 becoming lost in the optic thalami. The lower 
 extremity is called the tail or Rachid'ian bulb, 
 Bulbus medull'm spina'lis seu rachid'icus, (F.) 
 
 Bulbe rachidien, and is continuous with the me- 
 dulla spinalis. It is to this part only that some 
 anatomists apply the name Medulla oblongata. 
 From the posterior angles two other prolongations 
 arise, called Peduncles of the cerebellum. The 
 medulla oblongata has several eminences — the 
 Pons varolii, Corpora pyramidalia, C. oUvaria, 
 <tc. — and it has a longitudinal fissure before, and 
 another behind, called the anterior and jjosterior 
 median fissures. The vesicular neurine in the 
 centre of the medulla is the nervous centre of 
 respiration and deglutition : hence it has been 
 called centrum vita'le. 
 
 Medulla. Ossiom, Marrow — m. Spinse, M. 
 spinalis. 
 
 Medul'la Spina'lis seu Spines seu dorsua'lis 
 seu vertebra'lis seu dorsa'lis, Corda spina'lis, 
 Funis argen'teus, Rhache'trum, My'elus, M. rha- 
 chi'tes seu notice'us seu diauche'nius seu psoi'tes, 
 My'eloi), Notomy' elus, Rhachi'tes, ^on, Proces' - 
 sus rachidia'mis. Sacra fis' tula, Spinal prolonga'- 
 tioH, Ver'tebral marrow, Spinal cord or marroic, 
 Nervous system of voluntary motion and tactile 
 impression (Gall), (F.) 3Ioelle epiniere, Mo'elle 
 vertebrale, called by Ch., Prolongement rachidien 
 of the encephalon, is the continuation of the me- 
 dulla oblongata. It commences at the foramen 
 magnum of the occipital bone, and descends in 
 the vertebral canal as low as the 2d lumbar ver- 
 tebra, without filling it; presenting, in its course, 
 several evident enlargements. It is grooved on 
 both its anterior and posterior surfaces by a fur- 
 row, which divides it, in its whole length, into 
 two great nervous cords, intimately united with 
 each other. It terminates by an oval tubercle, 
 whence a number of nerves set out called Cauda 
 equi'na, (F.) Queue de cheval, from its resem- 
 blance to a horse's tail. The spinal marrow has 
 no analogy, as regards its structure, with the 
 marrow of long bones. It is formed of two sub- 
 stances; one white, the other gray, presenting 
 an inverse arrangement to that which they have 
 in the brain, the white being external, the cine- 
 ritious at the centre, Substan'tia gri'sea centra'- 
 lis. It is enveloped by a yellowish, fibrous mem- 
 brane, very resisting, which seems to be continued 
 insensibly from the pia mater, and by two other 
 membranes, which are merely prolongations of 
 the arachnoid and dura mater. See Nerve. 
 
 Medulla Vertebralis, M. spinalis. 
 
 MEDULLA, Sperm. 
 
 MED'ULLARY, 3IeduUa'ris, (F.) Medullaire, 
 from medulla, ' marrow.' Relating to the marrow, 
 or analogous to marrow. 
 
 Medullary Ar'teries. The arteries, which 
 enter bones and pass to the marrow. 
 
 Medullary Canal, see Canal, medullary — 
 m. Cells, see Medullary Membrane — m. Juice, 
 Marrow — m. Matter of the brain, see Cerebrum. 
 
 Medullary Membrane, Per!o«'<e(«»i Inter'num, 
 Endos'teum. A vascular, areolar web of extreme 
 tenuity, which envelops the marrow and lines the 
 inner surface of the medullary canal of the long 
 bones. This membrane has been considered as 
 a species of internal periosteum of those bones. 
 It has numerous vessels, which bury themselves 
 in the thickness of the marrow; and others which 
 nourish the innermost plates of the bone. The 
 cells formed by it are termed Cel'lulce seu Sac'- 
 culr medulla'res. 
 
 Medullary Neurine, see Neurine — m. Sar- 
 coma, Encephaloid, Hsematodes fungus. 
 
 Medullary Substance of the Kidney, see 
 Kidney — m. s. of Schwann, see Nerve-fibre. 
 
 Medullary System. Bichat gives this name 
 to the marrow and its membranes. He distin- 
 guishes two species of medullary systems ; the 
 one occupies the cellular tissue at the extremities 
 of the long bones and that of the flat and short 
 
MEDULLITIS 
 
 577 
 
 MELANAGOGUE 
 
 bones ; the other is found merely in the central 
 canal of long bones. 
 
 Medullary Tomour of the Lungs, Phthisis, 
 cancerous. 
 
 MEDULLI'TIS, Myelitis. M. Gerdy uses Me- 
 dullite for inflammation of the marrow of bones, 
 Osteomt/eli'tii. — Ifijelitis being usually appro- 
 priated to inflammation of the spinal marrow. 
 MEERAN, Caucus carota. 
 MEGALANTHROPOGEN'ESIS, from fityag, 
 lityaXri, 'great,' av-SpuToj, 'man,' and ycveai;, 
 ' birth.' A term used by a French physician, 
 named Robert, to designate the art of procreating 
 great men ; men of mind ; men of genius. He 
 considered that they may be perpetuated by 
 always taking care to have talented men united 
 to clever women ! 
 
 MEGALOCAR'DIA, from ft£ya;,ff£yaXj7, 'great,' 
 and KapSia, 'heart.' The state of having a very 
 large heart. 
 
 MEGALOCOELIA, Intestine, great, Mcgalo- 
 splanehnia. 
 
 MEGALOMEL'IA, from ixcyag, neyaXv, 'great,' 
 and iieXos, ' a limb.' A monstrosity characterized 
 by very large limbs. 
 
 MEGALOPHO'NIA, from ixeya;, ^tyoKv, 
 'great,' and tixavn, 'voice.' The condition of 
 having a full, strong voice. 
 
 MEGALOPHTHAL'MUS. from jieya^, jitynXv, 
 'great,' and ocpQaXfiog, 'eye.' A congenital de- 
 formity, in which the eye is inordinately large. 
 MEGALOPUS, Macropodus. 
 MEGALOSPLANCH'NUS, from ^leya;, jityaU, 
 ' great,' and airXayx^vov, ' a viscus.' ilecjaJocoe'Ua. 
 Hippocrates applies the epithet to those in whom 
 a viscus, or the viscera, are tumid. Some have 
 used the substantive Merjalosplanch'nia for the 
 tumour itself. 
 
 MEGALOSPLENIA, Splenoncus. 
 MEGETHOS, Stature. 
 MEGRIM, Hemicrania. 
 
 MEIBO'MIUS, GLANDS OF, FoVUcles of 3L, 
 Palpebral or Cil'iary Fol'licles, GlanrhdcB se- 
 bn'cecB cilia'res seu Ifeibomia'ncB, Intestin' ula 
 Me.ibo'inii, Lacn'vm palpebra'i-Hm, (F.) Follicules 
 palpebraux ou ciliairen, Glandes de Mfeibnmiiis. 
 Small, sebaceous follicles, called after Henry 
 Meibomius, although known long before his de- 
 scription of them. They are situate in special 
 grooves in the tarsal cartilages ; and are ranged 
 by the side of each other, in the form of yellowish, 
 parallel, and vertical lines; sometimes straight, 
 at others, tortuous. They may be seen at the 
 inner surface of the eyelids, through the conjunc- 
 tiva, and secrete a sebaceous humour, called 
 Lippitn'do, Gum, (F.) Chassie. 
 
 MEIO'SIS, Meo'eis, Mio'sis, Immvnu'tio, Mi- 
 nuthe'sis, Minilho'sis, from ficiou), 'I lessen.' The 
 period of a disease, in which the symptoms begin 
 to diminish; — the decline. Remission. Also, 
 idiotism. 
 
 MEIUROS, Decurtatus, Myurus. 
 MEKILWORT, Atropa belladonna. 
 MEL, 3IeU, Nili'acum, Honey, (F.) Mieh A 
 substance of a muco-saccharine nature, prepared 
 by the Apis melUf'ica, or common bee, which 
 collects it from the nectaries of flowers. Honey 
 is employed as aliment, condiment, and medicine. 
 It is demulcent and aperient; and is prescribed 
 as an adjunct to gargles in cynanche tonsillaris, 
 Ac. It is, at times, used as a detergent to foul 
 ulcers. Virgin Honey, Mel vir'ginum seu vir- 
 gin' eum, (F.) Miel vierge, is that which flows 
 from the wax spontaneously. 
 
 Hill's Balsam ok Honey is formed of balsam 
 of tolu. Ibj, honey, Ibj, rectified spirit, one gallon. 
 It was long a celebrated empirical pectoral. 
 
 Honey Water is a mixture of essences co- 
 loured with saffron. A little honey is added to 
 37 
 
 communicate a clamminess ; the effect of which 
 is to make it retain the scent the longer. It is 
 used as a scent. 
 
 Mel Acetatum, Oxymel — m. Jj]gyptiacum, 
 ^gyptiacum — m. Aerium, Fraxinus ornus — m. 
 Arundinaceum, Saecharum. 
 
 Mel Bora'cis, 31. eubbora'eia seu boraxa'tum, 
 Colluto'rium adstrin'gens, Linimen'tum de Bora' ce 
 seu ad apJithas, Linctus de Bora'ce seu ad aph- 
 thas, Honey of Borax, Ilellite de borax, Miel 
 borate. (Boracis contrit. 3J> mellis despumati 3J> 
 Ph. L.) Detergent. Applied to the mouth in 
 aphthous affections. 
 
 Mel CanNjE, Saecharum (non purificatum) — ■ 
 m. Coctum, Pelicide. 
 
 Mel Despuma'tum, N. Depnrn'tnm, C/ar'ified 
 Honey, Anaphrom'eli, (F.) 3fiel Clarifie ou de- 
 spume ou depxiri, ilellite simple, Sirop de miel. 
 Melt the honey in a water-bath, and remove the 
 scum. Uses the same as honey. 
 
 Mel Ros^, 3L rosa'tum, MeUi'tiim de Itosis, 
 Bhodom'eli, Bhodostac'ton, Honey of Roses, (P.) 
 3Iiel rosat, ilellite de Roses. [Rosce gnllic. _^ij, 
 aqucB bullient. f^xij, mellis despnm. f ^sx. Ma- 
 cerate the roses in i^ viij of boiling water for four 
 hours ; press out as much fluid as possible and 
 set aside. Macerate the residue in f^iv of boil- 
 ing water for half an hour, and again express. 
 Reserve f^iv of the first infusion ; mix the re- 
 mainder with the infusion last obtained ; add the 
 honey, and evaporate to a pint. Lastly, add the 
 reserved infusion, and strain. Ph. U. S.) As- 
 tringent and detergent. Used chiefly in gargles 
 and washes for aphthae, &c. 
 
 Mel Scill^, Oxymel scillae — m. Scilla com- 
 positum, Syrupus scillee compositus. 
 
 Mel Vinosum, (Enomel — m. Virginum, see 
 Mel. 
 
 MEL^'NA, 3Telanorrhag"ia, 3Te7cpnorrhag"ia, 
 3IelcB'no-diarrh<x'a, Ic'terus niger, 3hlanchlo'rns, 
 3Ielanic'teriis, 3felas Ic'terus, 3felanism'iis, 31or- 
 bus niger seu niger Hippoc'ratis, Enterorrhce'a, 
 Black Jaundice, (F.) 3feleiia, Jlelene, 3Ielas- 
 ictere, 3Ialadie noire, 3Ieline, Ictere noire ; from 
 jit\ag, fii\avoi, 'black.' A name given to vomit- 
 ing of black matter, ordinarily succeeded by 
 evacuations of the same character. It seems to 
 be often a variety of hffimatemesis. The Black 
 Vomit in yellow fever is owing to a morbid secre- 
 tion from the lining membrane of the stomach 
 and small intestines mixed with blood. Melsena 
 also signifies hemorrhage from the intestines; 
 Fluxus sple'nicus, Dysenter'ia sple'nica, Dejec- 
 tio'nes nigrcs, Seces'sus niger, Hem'orrhage from 
 the Intes'tines. 
 
 Mel^na Fungosa Carcinodes, Hsematodes 
 fungus. 
 
 MEL^NODIARRHCEA, Melajna. 
 MELiENOGO'GUS,from//£Xa<;,jU£Xavof.' black,' 
 and ayu), 'I drive away.' A medicine believed to 
 be capable of expelling atrabilis or ' black bile.' 
 MELiENORRHAGIA, Mela3na. 
 3IELAINE, see Choroidea tunica. 
 MELALEU'CA CAJAPU'TI, 31. 3Iinor seu 
 Leucoden'dron, 3Tyrtus Leucaden'dron, Lepto- 
 spermum Leucnden'drum. Ord. Myrtaceae. "This 
 plant affords the Cajeput Oil, (see Caieput.) The 
 leaves are esteemed diuretic, stomachic, and em- 
 menagogue. 
 
 Melaleuca Leucodendron, M. Cajaputi — 
 m. Minor. M. Cajaputi. 
 
 MELAMPHO'NUS, from jic\ai, 'obscure,' and 
 ^avn, 'voice.' Having a hoarse or indistinct voice. 
 MELAMPHYLLUM, Acanthus mollis. 
 MELAMPODE, Helleborus niger. 
 MELAMPODIUM, Helleborus niger. 
 MELANOMA, Sufl"ocation. 
 MELAN^MIA, Venosity. 
 MEL'ANAGOGUE, 3Ielanago'gus, from ^eX<if, 
 
MELANCHLORUS 
 
 578 
 
 MELEGUETTA 
 
 p£>avoj, 'Mack,' and ay(o, 'I expel.' A medicine 
 which the ancients believed adapted for expelling 
 black bile or melancholy. 
 
 MELA]SrCHLO'RUS, from iieXai, fxcXavoi, 
 'black,' and x^^^'P"^' 'green.' The ancients gave 
 this name to certain dark-coloured topical reme- 
 dies. See Melasna. 
 
 MELANCHOLE, Atrabilis. 
 
 MELANCHOLIA, Melancholy — m. Autochi- 
 rica, Suicide — m. Errabunda, Cuttubuth, Kutu- 
 lauth — m. Flatuosa, Hypochondriasis — m. Hypo- 
 chondriaca, Hypochondriasis — m. Nervea, Hypo- 
 chondriasis — m. Pleonectica, see Pleonectica 
 
 — m. Saltans, Chorea — m. Suicidium, Suicide 
 
 — m. Uterina, Nymphomania — m. Zoanthropia, 
 Melancholy. 
 
 MEL'ANCHOLIC, MelancTioUieiis, MeJan'cho- 
 Ins, MeJanclwlo'des, (Se.) Dram, Brvm, (F.) J/e- 
 laveolique, from /^eXaf, iieXavos, 'black,' and X"^"?' 
 'bile.' One labouring under melancholy. That 
 ■which belongs or relates to melancholy. In 
 popular language, one of a gloomy disposition. 
 MELAXCHOLINESS, Melancholy. 
 MELANCHOLODES, Melancholic. 
 MELANCHOLUS, Melancholic. 
 MEL'ANCHOLY, Melancho'lia, same etymon. 
 Lypema'nin, Ecphro'nia Melancho'h'a, Mania 
 MelancJio'liea sen 3felancho'lia, Tristema'nia, 
 Baryth'mia, ITi/polepsioma'nia, Anoe'sia adsiric'- 
 ta, Fixn'tio mnnnnce'a, llel'anchoUness, (Sc.) Dis- 
 mal ; (F.) 3felaricolie, Lyperojihrenie. Same 
 etymon. A disease supposed, by the ancients, to 
 be' caused by black bile. A variety of mental 
 alienation, characterized by excessive gloom, 
 mistrust, and depression, generally, -with insanity 
 on one particular subject or train of ideas, Ifono- 
 nia'nia, Mo)iomci'ria. Panophohia, Demonomania, 
 Erntomnnia, Nostalgia, &a., may be referred to 
 this head. 
 
 Melanclioly is also used for unusual gloominess 
 of disposition. 
 
 Melanchoiy, Erotic, Erotomania — m. Love, 
 Erotomania. 
 
 MELAN'CHRUS, Melan'ocTirm, from ixe\a?, 
 ficXavoi:, 'black,' and XP*^?» '^ colour.' One at- 
 tacked Tvith black jautfdice. Supposed, by some, 
 to be an abbreviation of Melanchlorus. 
 
 2IELAXC0LIE, Melancholy. 
 
 MELANCOLIQ UE. Melancholic. 
 
 MELAXEPHRIDOSIS, Sudor Anglicus niger. 
 
 MELANGE PECTORAL, Mistura aeidi hy- 
 drocyanici. 
 
 MELAN'IC. iMnn'iciis, Ifelannt'ic, Melanot'- 
 iciis, (F.) Melnne ; from iie\ag, ficXavos, 'black.' 
 Of or belonging to Melanosis ; — as Melanic 
 deposit, a black colouring matter deposited from 
 the blood under special circumstances; — see 
 Melanosis. 
 
 MELANIC DEPOSIT, Melanosis. 
 
 MELANICTERUS, Melasna. 
 
 MELANIENNES, (Taches), Nrevus. 
 
 MELANfNE, see Choroidea tunica. 
 
 MELANTSME, Melanismus. 
 
 MELANISMUS. Melsena. M. L G. St. Hi- 
 laire employs the terra Melanisme, for the change 
 of coloration of the skin in which the pigment is 
 of a deeper hue and in greater quantity than 
 natural. 
 
 MELANOCARCINOMA, Cancer, melanotic. 
 
 MELANOCHRUS, Melanchrus. 
 
 MELANOMA, Melanosis — m. Pulmonum, see 
 Melanosis. 
 
 MELANOMYCES, Melanospongus. 
 
 MELANOPATHI'A, from yfAaj. ixtXavo^, 
 'black,' and ira9o?, 'affection.' Ni'gritism, Ni- 
 grit"te8. A disease of the skin, which consists 
 
 in augmentation of black pigment; generally in 
 patches. 
 
 MELANOPHTMA, Ergot. 
 MELANOPIPER, Piper nigrum. 
 MELANOPNEUMON, see Melanosis. 
 MELANORRHAGIA, Melfena, 
 MELANORRHIZUM, Helleborus niger. 
 MELANOSE, Melanosis. 
 
 MELANO'SIS, Melan'sis, 3Ielano'ma, Nigritu'- 
 do, (F.) Degeneresceiice noire, Melanose ; from 
 IJE)\a;, /iiXavos, 'black.' An organic affection, in 
 which the tissue of the parts is converted, owing 
 to a melan'ic deposit, into a black, hard, homo- 
 geneous substance, near which ulcers or cavities 
 may form ; — owing to the softening, either of 
 the substance itself, or of some other morbid 
 tissue, — of tubercles especially. This morbific 
 change affects the lungs particularly ; when it is 
 called Melano'eis seu Melano'ma seu Anthraco'sis 
 Pulmo'>inm,3Ielanopneu'mo7i, Nigritu'do welanot'- 
 ica, Melan'sis Pulmonum, Pneumonomelano'sis, 
 Black tubercle, (F.) Melanose Pulmonaire. It is, 
 also, met with in the liver and areolar texture. 
 Its causes are very obscure. Melanosis of the 
 lungs constitutes one of the species of phthisis 
 of Bayle ; but it is impossible to distinguish it 
 from the other species during life. 
 
 In the classification of Fuchs, Melanosen 
 (G.) forms a family of diseases. 
 
 The deposition of melanic matter in the tissues 
 is not necessarily connected with malignant dis- 
 ease. See Cancer, melanotic. 
 
 Melanosis Pulmoxuji, see Melanosis — m. 
 Universalis, Venositv. 
 MELANOSMEGMA, see Sapo. 
 M E L A N S P N'G U S, Melanomj/'ces, from 
 Ijtr^ag, ixeXavo;, 'black,' and CTroyyos, 'SI)onge.' 
 The tuberiform variety of melanosis of the lungs. 
 MELANOTIC, Melanic — m. Cancer, Cancer, 
 melanotic. 
 
 MEL'ANOTHRIX, Atricapill'vs, (F.) Melano- 
 trique, from litkas, 'black,' and •&/)i|, 'hair.' 
 Having black hair. 
 
 MELANSIS, Melanosis — m. Pulmonum, Me- 
 lanosis pulmonum. 
 
 MELANTHIUM, Nigella, M. Virginicum— m. 
 MuscEetoxicum, Amianthum muscsetoxicum. 
 
 Melan'thic3I Virgo'ictim, Melanthium, Lei- 
 man'thium Virgin'icvm, Qunfadil ; indigenous ; 
 Order, Melanthacese, flowering in July, is said to 
 be a sure but severe remedy for itch. 
 
 MELAS, Lepra nigricans — m. Icterus, Me- 
 lasna. 
 
 MELAS'MA, Ecchymo'ma Melas'ma, Nigror, 
 from /itXag, 'black.' A black spot or ecchymosis. 
 occurring on the lower extremities of old pettple 
 I especially. Also a cutaneous affection analogous 
 ; to chloasma, differing from it only in the dark 
 colour of the morbid pigment. It is also called 
 Pityri'asis nigra. 
 
 MELAS'SES, Molas'ses, Melus'tum, Theriacn 
 cnwmu'nis, Syr'npus empyrenmat'icus seu niger, 
 Sac'chnri FcBx, Treacle, (Old Eng.) Triacle ; from 
 //eAi, 'honey,' or from neXa;, 'black.' The syrup, 
 which remains after the juice of the sugar-cane 
 has been subjected to all the operations for ex- 
 tracting sugar from it. In the United States, the 
 syrup, made in the process of forming common 
 sugar, is called mel asses ; that remaining after 
 the refinement of sugar being termed sugar-house 
 melasses or treacle. 
 
 Mklasses Spirit, Rum. 
 
 MELATROPH'IA. from /i£>o?, 'a limb,' and 
 arpui'ia. 'wasting.' Wasting of the limbs. 
 
 MELCA. fit^Ka. Food made of milk, coagu- 
 lated bv boiling vinegar. 
 MELE, Specillum. 
 MELEA. Pyrus malus. 
 MELEGUJETTA, Amomum grana paradisL 
 
MELEIOS 
 
 579 
 
 MELLITUM 
 
 MELEI'OS, liJjXetos, Meli'nns, Melias. A spe- 
 cies of alum found in the island of Melos. 
 
 MELENA, Meieena. 
 
 MELENE, Melaena. 
 
 MELEZE, Pinus larix. 
 
 MELI, Mel. 
 
 MBLIA, Fraxinus ornus. 
 
 Me'lia Azed'arach, Azedara'cJia amoe'na, 
 Poison Berry Tree, Azed'arach, Pride of India 
 or of China, Pride tree. Hop tree. Bead tree. 
 Nat. Ord. Meliaceae ; Sex. Syst. Decandria Mo- 
 nogynia. The bark of the root — called in India 
 Neejn Bark, Azedarach, (Ph. U. S.), is usually- 
 given in decoction, in the proportien of three or 
 four ounces of the bark of the fresh root to a 
 quart of water, boiled down to a pint. The dose 
 is one or two table-spoonfuls, every two or three 
 hours, till purging is induced. It is given in this 
 manner as an anthelmintic. It is sometimes 
 formed into an ointment, and used in tinea 
 capitis. The tree is a native of Syria, Persia, 
 and the north of India, and is abundant in the 
 southern states of the Union. 
 
 MuLiA Terra, Greta. 
 
 MELIAN'THUS MAJOR, Nat. Ord. Zygo- 
 phylle^. A south African plant, a def^oetion of 
 whose leaves is a good external remedy in tinea 
 capitis, crusta serpiginosa, necrosis and foul 
 ulcers. It is also useful as a gargle and lotion 
 in sore throat and diseases of the gums. The 
 bruised leaves applied to ulcers promote granu- 
 lation. 
 
 MELICBRA, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 MELICERIA, Hydrarthrus, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 MELICE'RIS, 3felifa'vinm, from tit\i, 'honey,' 
 and KTjpas, ' wax.' Emphy'ma encys'tis melice'ris. 
 An encysted tumour filled with a substance re- 
 sembling honey. Also, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 MELIC'EROUS, Melicer' itoua : same etymon. 
 Having the characters of melieeris, — as a melice- 
 roua tumour. 
 
 MELICERUM, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 MELICHEI'UM, from /keAi, 'honey,' and ■xt'->, 
 'I pour out.' A honey-like discharge from an 
 ulcer. 
 
 MELICRATUM, Hydromeli. 
 
 MELIFAVIUM, Melieeris, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 MELIGEI'ON, from //cXi, 'honey.' A fetid 
 humour of the consistence of honey, discharged 
 from ulcers, accompanied with caries of a bone. 
 
 JfELTLOT, Trifolium melilotus. 
 
 MELILOTUS, Trifolium melilotus. 
 
 MELIME'LUM, from //cXt, 'honey,' and ixrjXov, 
 'an apple.' A name given to two compounds: — 
 one of honey and quince, the other of honey and 
 apples. 
 
 MELINE, Melsena. 
 
 MELINI SULPHAS, Cadmii sulphas. 
 
 MELI'NUM, nTi\ivov. The ancient name of an 
 ointment, and of several plasters, described by 
 Dioscorides and Galen : so called from their re- 
 sembling the nrt\ov or quince in colour. 
 
 Melinum Sulphuricum, Cadmii sulphas. 
 
 MELINUS, Meleios. 
 
 jr^LWLjS, Mellitum. 
 
 MELIPHYLLUM, Melissa. 
 
 MELIS'SA, from fisAio-o-a, ' a bee,* because bees 
 gather honey from it. 31. offieina'lia sen Roma'- 
 na seu hirsu'ta seu cit'rina seu citra'ta. seu hor- 
 ten'sis, Citra'yo, Citra'ria, Melitei'a, ileliwoV- 
 otos, Melitm'na, ilelissohot' anum, Ilelissophyl'- 
 lum, ATelijihyl'lum, Mentha citra'ta, 3felit'tis, 
 Cedronel'la, Apias'trum, Ero'tion, Balm, (F.) 
 Jfelisse, La Citronelle, Celine; Nat. Ord. La- 
 biatse. The leaves of balm, Melissa (Ph. 
 U. S.), have a pleasant odour ; and an austere 
 and aromatic taste. Balm was formerly much 
 used in nervous diseases, but is now only em- 
 
 ployed when made into tea, as a diluent, in fe- ■ 
 brile affections. It is the basis of a celebrated 
 preparation, — the Eau des Cannes. 
 
 Melissa Calamin'tha, Calami n'tha, C. vxdga'- 
 ris seu offidna'non seu yraiidijlu'ra, Thymus ca- 
 lamin' tha,Cal' amint , Nespite, (F.) Calament. This 
 plant smells like wild mint, though more agree- 
 ably. It is used, popularly, as a tea in dyspep- 
 sia; flatulent colic j hysteria; uterine obstruc- 
 tions, &c. 
 
 Melissa Canariensis, Dracocephaluni Cana- 
 riense — ra. Citrata, Melissa — m. Citriua, Melissa 
 — m. Clinopodiuin, Clinopodium vulgare. 
 
 Melissa Grantufi.o'ra, Thymus glandijlo'rus, 
 Calamin'tha vxii/ikj jlure, C. iiionta'na. Mountain 
 Cal'aniiiit. This plant resembles the last in 
 virtues. 
 
 Melissa IIirsuta, Melissa — m. Ilnrtensis, 
 Melissa — m. Huuiilis, Melittis melissophyllum. 
 
 Melissa Is'ep'eta, Thymus nep'eta seu multi- 
 flo'rns, Calamin'tha An' fflica seu Pale'gii odo're 
 seu nep'eta seu parviflo'ra seu trichot'oma, Nep'- 
 eta agres'tis, Field Cal'amiut, Spotted Oal'amiiit. 
 Formerly used as an aromatic. 
 
 Melissa Officinalis, Melissa — m, Pulegioi- 
 des, Hedeoma — m. Romana, Melissa — m. Tragi, 
 Melittis melissophyllum — m. Turcica, Dracoce- 
 phalum Canariense. 
 
 IfELISSE DES BOIS, Melittis melissophyl- 
 lum — m. de Moldavie, Dracocephalum Canari- 
 ense. 
 
 MELISSOBOTANUM, Melissa. 
 
 MELISSOBOTOS, Melissa. 
 
 MELISSOPHYLLUM, Melissa, Melittis melis- 
 sophyllum. 
 
 MELISSOT, Melittis melissophyllum. 
 
 MELIT^'MIA. Melitha' mia, from ^t\i, 
 'honey,' and 'ai\ia, 'blood.' A condition of the 
 circulating fluid, in which it contains an unusual 
 quantity of saccharine matter. 
 
 MELIT^NA, Melissa. 
 
 MELITAGRE, Impetigo. 
 
 MELITEIA, Melissa. 
 
 MELITH^MIA, Melitsemia. 
 
 MELITHOCORTON, Corallina Corsieana. 
 
 MELITHYPERURIA, Diabetes. 
 
 MELI'TIS, Inflanima'tio gena ; from ixtj^ov, 
 ' the cheek,' and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of the cheek. 
 
 MELITITES, Hydromeli. 
 
 MELITTA, Bee. 
 
 MELITTIS, Melissa. 
 
 Melit'tis Melissophtl'lujt, La'mium monta'~ 
 nam, Melissa hu'milia seu sylves'tris seu Tragi, 
 La'mium Plin'ii, 3felissophyl'lum, Bastard Balm, 
 (F.) Melisse des Bois, MSlissot. Ord. Labiatae. 
 This plant was formerly employed, like the balm, 
 in uterine obstructions. 
 
 Melittis Sylvestris, M. Melissophyllum. 
 
 MELITURIA, Urine, diabetic, see Diabetes. 
 
 MELI'TUS, Melli'tus, from mel, ' honey.' Ap- 
 pertaining to honey. Of the nature of honey. 
 
 MELIZO'MUM, from ^eXi, 'honey,' and ^wf/oj, 
 'broth ;' 3Iead, 3Ielli'na, 3Ietheg'lin, (Prov.) 3Iul- 
 lin. A drink prepared with honey. 
 
 MELLA'GO, from mel, 'honey.' Any medi- 
 cine having the consistence of honey. A fluid 
 
 MELLTCRATUM, Hydromeli. 
 
 MELLIFAVIUM, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 MELLINA, Melizomum. 
 
 3IELLITE DE BORAX, Mel boraeis— m. de 
 Roses, Mel rosas — m. Simple, Mel despumatum. 
 
 MELLI'TUM, from mel, 'honey.' (F.) 3Iifl 
 me'dicinal, JJydromelle, Saccharole liquide, 3fSli- 
 ole. A prepared honey : — a medicated honey. 
 
 Mellitdm de Acetate Cupri, Linimentuiu 
 wUruginis. 
 
MELLITUS 
 
 580 
 
 MEMBRANA 
 
 Mellitum de Meecubia'li Compos'itum, (F.) 
 Miel de mereuriale comjwse, Syrop de longue vie. 
 (Slice, purif. merciirialia Ibij, boraginis, anchuscB 
 officinalis, aa tbss, iris pseudacori radicia recent. 
 5ij, rad. sice. gentiancB ^j, mellia Ibiij, vini alhi 
 5xiij. Macerate the bruised roots in the wine 
 for 24 hours ; strain ; mix the juices and honey ; 
 boil slightly, and filter; then add the two liquors, 
 and boil to the consistence of syrup. Ph. P.) 
 Cathartic, stomachic, &c. 
 
 Mellitum de Rosis, Mel rosfe. 
 
 Mellitum Simplex, Syr'upua de Melle, Syrup 
 of Honey. (Mellia Ibvj, aquce Ibiss, carbonat. 
 calcia. praparat. ,^iij. Mix the honey, water, 
 and carbonate of lime in a silver vessel : boil the 
 mixture, stirring, at the same time, for 2 or 3 
 minutes : then add prepared animal charcoal ^vj, 
 two lohitea of eggs, mixed in a pint of water. Mix 
 all, and boil to the consistence of syrup : remove 
 from the fire; let the syrup rest for 15 minutes, 
 and pass through a cloth. Ph. P.) Demulcent. 
 
 MELLITUS, Melitus. 
 
 MBLOiE'MIA, from /ucXas, 'black,' and 'ai/xa, 
 'blood.' A state of blood, characterized by its 
 incoagulability, black colour, and septic pro- 
 perties. 
 
 MELOCHI'TIS, Lapis Arme'nius, Armeni'tes, 
 Arme'nian Stone. A variety of blue carbonate 
 of copper. It is found in Germany, the Tyrol, 
 and especially in Armenia. It was formerly em- 
 ployed as a cardiac, and as proper for purging 
 away melancholy. 
 
 MELODID'YMUS, from fieXoi, 'a limb,' and 
 k&viio;, 'double.' A double member or limb. 
 
 MELOB MAJALIS, see Cantharis. 
 
 Melob Niger, M. Pennsylvan'icus ; Class, In- 
 secta; Ord. Coleoptera. A blistering fly, native 
 of the United States. It feeds upon Prunel'la 
 vulga'ria or Self-heal, and Ambro'sia trif'ida or 
 Stick-weed. These flies resemble the Spanish 
 flies in properties. 
 
 Meloe Pennsylvanicus, M. niger. 
 
 Meloe ProscaraBjE'us, Cantarel'lus, was 
 anciently used as a diuretic and anti-hydropho- 
 bic. See Cantharis. 
 
 Meloe Vesicatorius, Cantharis. 
 
 MELOM'ELES, from jxtXos, 'a member,' and 
 fLtXcog, 'unprofitable.' A monster with super- 
 numerai-y limbs. 
 
 MELON, firiXov, ' an apple.' A disorder of the 
 eye, in which it protrudes out of the socket. See 
 Exoph th aim ia.— Castelli. 
 
 Melon, Cucumis melo — m.d'Eau, Cucurbita 
 citrullus — m. Plant, Cucumis melo — m. Water, 
 Cucurbita citrullus. 
 
 MEL0N6ENA, Solanum melongena. 
 
 MELOPLACUNTIUM, Meloplacus. 
 
 MELOPLA'CUS, Meloplacim'tinm, from iiv\ov, 
 ' an apple,' 'a quince.' A compound obtained by 
 boiling loine, honey, quince, pepper, Ac, together. 
 — Galen. 
 
 MELOPLAS'TIC, Meloplas'ticus, Genoplas'tie, 
 from nn\ov, 'the cheek,' and irXno-ffu, 'I form.' 
 (F.) Ilc.loplastie, an epithet for the operation for 
 forming a new cheek when any part of it has 
 been lost. 
 
 MELOS, fiiXof, Membrum. A member. A limb. 
 An organized part, composed of other parts. — 
 .Castelli. 
 
 MELO'SIS, Catheteris'mus, Cenembate'sis, from 
 lij)\r!, 'a probe.' The act of probing a wound, 
 ulcer, &c. — Hippocratus. Catheterism. 
 
 MELOTHKUM, Bryonia alba; 
 
 MELO'TIS, Melo'tris, Specil'lum minus. From 
 lirt\ri, ' a probe.' A small probe, — a probe for the 
 ear. See Apyromele. 
 
 MELOTRIS, Melotis. 
 
 MELT, Spleen. Also, the sperm of fish,— 
 Milt. 
 
 MELTING, Fusion. 
 
 MELUM, ixriXov, JIaliim. An apple. Fruit in 
 general. Also, a round, firm female breast. 
 The cheek. The apple-eye or melon-eye is an 
 apple-formed projection of the eye from the 
 orbit. 
 
 Melum Armeniacum, Prunus armeniaca — m. 
 Cydonium, see Pyrus cydonia. 
 
 MELUSTUM, Melasses. 
 
 MEMBRA PUDENDA, Genital organs. 
 
 MEMBRANA, Membrane — m. Abdominis, Pe- 
 ritonaeum — m. Adiposa, Cellular membrane — m. 
 Adventitia, Decidua reflexa — m. Agnina, Amnios 
 — m. Amphiblestrodes, Retina— m. Arachnoidea, 
 Hyaloid membrane — m. Capsularis testis, Albu- 
 ginea — m. Carnosa, Dartos — m. Cellulosa, Cel- 
 lular membrane — m. Cellulosa, Decidua — m. Ce- 
 rebri tenuis, Pia mater — m. Cerebri mollis, Pia 
 mater — m. Cerebri propria, Pia mater — m. Cho- 
 rio capillaris, see Choroidea tunica — m. Circu- 
 mossalis. Periosteum — m. Communis, Decidua — 
 m. Cor circumplexa, Pericardium — m. Cordis, 
 Pericardium — m. Costalis, Pleura — m. Costas suc- 
 cingens. Pleura — m. Crassa, Decidua reflexa — 
 m. Cribrosa, Decidua — m. Cuticularis, Dura ma- 
 ter — m. Decidua serotina, see Decidua — m. De- 
 muriana, see Aqueous humour, and Cornea — m. 
 Dentata, Dentieulatum ligamentum — m. Derma- 
 todes. Dura mater — m. Descemetii, see Aqueous 
 humour, and Cornea — -m. Diaphratton, Mediasti- 
 num — m. Dura cerebrum ambiens. Dura mater — 
 in. Epicrania, Galea aponeurotica capitis — m. 
 Externa dentium, Tapetum alveoli — m. Farcimi- 
 nalis, Allantois — m. Fenestrte rotundse, see Fe- 
 nestra — m. Filamcntosa, Decidua reflexa — m. 
 Flocculenta, Decidua — m. Foetum involvens, 
 Amnios — m. Fusca, see Sclerotic. 
 
 Membra'na Granulo'sa, Gran'ular membrane 
 or layer, (F.) Membrane granideuse, Conehe cel- 
 luleuse (Coste). A layer of yellow, granular 
 matter, which lines the inner laj'er of the Graa- 
 fian follicle, and is regarded by KoUiker as epi- 
 thelium. 
 
 Membrana Humorts Aquei, see Aqueous hu- 
 mour — m. Interspinalis, Interspinal ligament — 
 m. Intestinalis, Allantois — m. Jacobi, Tunica 
 Jacobi — m. Jacobi Arnold, see^ris^ — m. Limitans, 
 see Iris — m. Limitans Pacini, see Iris — m. Lin- 
 guEe, see Tongue — m. Macilentior, Epiploon, gas- 
 trohepatic — m. Mucosa, Decidua, see Membrane — 
 m. Nervorum, Neurilemma — m. Nictitans, Valvula 
 semilunaris — in. Olfaotoria, Pituitary membrane 
 — m. Ossis, Periosteum — m. Ovi materna, De- 
 cidua — m. Ovuli corticalis, Oiocalymma — m. 
 Pellucida, Amnios — m. Pigmenti, see Iris — m. 
 Pinguedinosa, see Cellular membrane — m. Pin- 
 guis intestinoruin, Mesentery — in. Pituitaria, 
 Pituitary membrane, see Membrane — m. Pitui- 
 tosa, see Membrane — m. Pleuretica, Pleura — m. 
 Prffiesistens, Decidua — m. Propria, Basement 
 membrane, and Folliculi Graafiani, see Cortex 
 ovi — m. Papillaris, Pupillary membrane. 
 
 Membra'na Putam'inis, {pvtamen, 'a shell or 
 husk.') Pcllic'ida Ovi. The membrane adherent 
 to the inner surface of the eggshell. — Putamen 
 seu Testa Ovi. 
 
 Membrana Retiformis Chorii, Decidua reflexa 
 — m. Ruyschiana, Choroid (inner layer.) 
 
 Membrana Sacciform'is. A separate synovial 
 membrane for the inferior radio-cubital articula-- 
 tion, which covers the upper surface of the trian- 
 gular ligament, and the sort of incomplete ring 
 which circumscribes the head of the ulna. 
 
 Membrana Semipellucida, Caligo — in. Serosa, 
 Membrane (serous) — m. Sinuosa, Decidua — m. 
 Subcostalis, Pleura — m. Succingens, Diaphragm, 
 Pleura. 
 
 Membrana Test^, Shell membrane. The 
 
MEMBRANACEOUS 
 
 581 MEMBRANES ALB UGINEUSES 
 
 membrane fhat lines the shell of the bird's egg: 
 — a simple membrane. 
 
 Membrana Thoracem Ixtersepiexs, Media- 
 stinum — m. Tympani, see Tympanum — m. Tym- 
 pani secundaria, see Fenestra— m. Urinaria, Al- 
 lantois — m. Uteri interna evoluta, Decidua — m. 
 Uvea, Uvea — m. Vasculosa cerebri, Pia mater — 
 na. Vasorum Communis, Endangium — m. Verricu- 
 • laris, Retina. 
 
 Membra'na Versic'olor. A peculiar mem- 
 brane — according to Mr. Fielding, of Hull — 
 situate immediately behind the retina, and in 
 connexion with it. It is separable into distinct 
 layers from the choroid, and is supplied veith 
 blood-vessels. 
 
 Membraxa Wachendorfiana, Pupillary mem- 
 brane. 
 
 MEMBRANACEOUS, Membranous. 
 
 MEMBRANE, Memhra'na, Hijmen, Ifeninx, 
 Epen'dyma, Pan'nicle. A name given to differ- 
 ent thin organs, representing a species of supple, 
 more or less elastic, webs ; varying in their struc- 
 ture and vital properties, and intended, in gene- 
 ral, to absorb or secrete certain fluids; and to 
 separate, envelop, and form other organs. Bi- 
 chat has divided the membranes into simple and 
 compound. 
 
 Simple memhranes comprise three orders. 1. A 
 3Iucous membrane, Memhra'na muco'sa seu pitiii- 
 to'sa seu pituita'ria, Phleg'myynen, Pldegmat'hy- 
 men, ifemhrane foUiculeuse (Ch.), is so called, on 
 account of the mucous fluid by which it is 
 constantly lubricated. Mucous membranes line 
 the canals, cavities, and hollow organs, which 
 communicate externally by different apertures 
 on the skin. Bichat refers them to two great 
 divisions — the rfastro-pulmonary, and the genito- 
 urinary. The mucous membranes have a striking 
 analogy with the cutaneous tissue, in organiza- 
 tion, functions, and diseases. They are composed 
 of chorion, papillae, and epidermis; and are fur- 
 nished with a multitude of follicles, which secrete 
 a viscid humour, — mucus. They receive a quan- 
 tity of arterial vessels, veins, lymphatics, and 
 nerves. 2. The Seroun membranes, Meinbra'nce 
 sero'scB, M. villeuses simple (Ch.), are transparent, 
 thin, and composed of one lamina. One surface 
 adheres to other textures ; the other is smooth, 
 polished, and moistened by a serous fluid. They 
 are arranged — in the form of sacs without aper- 
 tures — as great, intermediate reservoirs for the 
 exhalant and absorbent systems, in which the 
 serous fluid, in passing from one system, tarries 
 some time before it enters the other. The serous 
 membranes resemble the areolar membrane in 
 structure and diseases. They facilitate the mo- 
 tion on each other of the organs which they en- 
 velop. They may be divided into {a) Serous 
 •membranes, properly so called; as the arachnoid, 
 pleura, peritoneum, and tunica vaginalis, (ft) 
 Synovial memhranes or capsules; which belong 
 to joints, tendons, aponeuroses, &c. These mem- 
 branes — mucous and serous — are constituted of 
 similar layers — epithelium, basement membrane, 
 condensed areolar tissue ; and a looser form of 
 areolar tissue, termed suhmxicons in one case, — 
 subserous in the other. 3. Fibrous membranes, 
 Memhranes alhugineuses (Ch.) These are almost 
 all continuous, and terminate at the periosteum — 
 their common centre. They have been divided 
 into two sections. 1. Enveloping aponeuroses. 
 Aponeuroses of insertion. Fibrous capsules of the 
 joints, and Fibrous sheath of tendons. 2. The 
 Periosteum, Dura mater, Sclerotica, Tunica alhu- 
 ginea testis. Fibrous membrane of the spleen, &c. 
 The fibrous membranes are not free or moistened 
 by any particular fluid. They adhere by both 
 surfaces to the neighbouring parts ; are firm, re- 
 sisting, but slightly elastic, and of a white colour; 
 
 sometimes pearly and glistening. Their vessels 
 are numerous, in some, as in the dura mater and 
 periosteum; in others, scarcely perceptible, as in 
 the aponeuroses. The presence of nerves has 
 never been proved, although several circumstan- 
 ces, regarding their sensibility, render their ex- 
 istence probable. The fibrous membranes serve, 
 in general, to augment the solidity of the organs 
 which they envelop ; to retain the muscles in 
 their respective positions; to favour the motion 
 of the limbs, and that of the muscles and skin ; 
 to form canals and rings for the passage of dif- 
 ferent organs, &c. 
 
 Bichat admits three species of Compound Mem- 
 hranes. 1. The Serofibrous, formed of a serous 
 and fibrous lamina, intimately adherent to each 
 other ; — as the pericardium, dura mater, and tu- 
 nica albuginea. 2. The Sero-mucous, formed of 
 a serous and mucous lamina ; — as the gall-bladder 
 at its lower part. 3. The Fibro-mucous, consti- 
 tuted of the union of a fibrous and mucous mem- 
 brane; as the mucous membrane of the nasal fossce, 
 gums, (fee. Chaussier admits six kinds of mem- 
 branes. 1. The laminated. See Cellular Tissue. 
 2. The serous or simple villous. 3. The follicidar 
 or complicated villous. 4. T^ae 7nuscular qt fleshy. 
 5. The alhugineous. 6. The albuminous. 
 
 Membrane, Accidental, M. false — m. Acci- 
 dentelle, M. false — m. Adnee, Conjunctiva — m. 
 Adventitious, M. false — m. Anhistous, Decidua. 
 
 Membrane, Basement, Pri'mary or lim'itary 
 membrane, 3Iembra'na pro'pria. A delicate, 
 structureless lamella of membrane found beneath 
 the epidermis or epithelium, on all the free sur- 
 faces of the body. 
 
 MEMBRANE CADUQUE, Beoidnn—m. Ca- 
 dtiqiie reflechie, Decidua reflexa — ?«. de Demours, 
 see Aqueous Humour, and Cornea — -m. de Des- 
 cemet, see Aqueous Humour, and Cornea. 
 
 Membrane, False, Acciden'tal or Adventit- 
 ious membrane, Pseudo-membrane, Pseud'ymen, 
 Pseudome' ninx, (F.) Fnusse membrane, M. acci- 
 dentelle. Membranous productions, which form 
 on all the free natural surfaces, and on every 
 free accidental surface, are so called. They 
 are, in general, produced by the exudation of a 
 fibrinous matter, susceptible of organization, 
 which takes place in consequence of inflammation 
 of the various tissues. These accidental mem- 
 branes occur on the skin after the application of 
 a blister; on mucous surfaces, as in croup; on 
 the parietes of inflamed veins and arteries, &c. 
 The cicatrices of wounds are formed of them. 
 
 Of late, it has been proposed to give the name 
 pseudo-membrane to fibrinous exudations, which 
 are devoid of organization, whilst neo-memhrane 
 may be applied to such fresh productions as have 
 become supplied with vessels and nerves. 
 
 3fEMBRANE FAVSSE, Membrane, false — 
 m. Germinal, see Molecule — m. Granular, Mem- 
 brana granulosa — m. Gramdeuse, Membrana gra- 
 nulosa — m. Haptogen, see Haptogenous— m. Pri- 
 mary, Membrane, basement — m. Pseudo, M. false 
 — m. Hyaloid, see Hyaloid membrane — m. Jacob's, 
 Tunica Jacobi — m. Limitary, Membrane, basement 
 — m. Nasmyth's, see Enamel — m. Ruyschienne, 
 Choroid (inner layer), Ruyschiana tunica — m. 
 Shell, Membrana test* — m. du Tympan, see Tym- 
 panum — m. Virginal, Hymen — m. Vitellary, 
 Zona pellucida — m. Vitelline, Zona pellucida. 
 
 MEMBRANES ALBUGINEUSES, Mem- 
 branes, fibrous, see Albuginea — m. FoUiculeuses, 
 Membranes, mucous — m. Veloutees, Villous mem- 
 branes — m. Villeuses simples, Membranes, serous. 
 
 Membranes op the Fcetus, Membra' nae fcetum 
 rnvolven'tes, Velamen'ta iiifan'tis, Integumen'ta 
 foetus. The membranes. The membranes which 
 immediately envelop the foetus in the cavity of 
 the uterus and the rupture of which gives rise 
 
MEMBRANEUX 
 
 582 
 
 MENINGOMALACIA 
 
 to the discharge of the liquor amnii. These mem- I 
 branes are the decidua, chorion, and amnion. 
 Membranes, The, Membranes of the Foetus, i 
 3IEMBRANEUX, Membranous. 
 MEM'BRANIFORM, Jlembi-ani/orm'is. from 
 memhrana. a.n& forma ; — resembling a membrane. 
 A name given to thin and flat parts, which re- 
 semble membranes. 
 
 Membrasiform Muscles: Very broad and 
 thin muscles, as the platysma myoides, obliquus 
 abdominis, &c. 
 
 MEMBRAXOSUS, Fascia lata muscle. 
 MEM'BE.ANOUS, Membmno'sus, ilemlrana'- 
 ceus, Hymeno'des, (F.) Jlembraneux. Having the 
 nature of membrane. Formed of membrane. 
 
 MEMBRAXULA, Hj'menium — m. Coronse ci- 
 liaris, see Ciliary — m. Lunata VaginEe, Hymen — 
 m. Nervorum, Neurilemma — m. Semilunaris con- 
 junctivae, Valvula semilunaris. 
 
 MEM'BRANULE, Membran'ula, diminutive of 
 memhrana, ' a membrane.' A small membrane. 
 MEMBRE, Membrum — m. Viril, Penis. 
 MEMBRO'SUS, Membro'sior, Mentula'tus, 3Iu- 
 tonia'tus, Nasa'tus, valde 3Ientula'tu8, Fascino'- 
 sus, Psolon, (F.) 3Iembru, from membrum, 'the 
 male organ.' One whose penis is very large. 
 3IEMBR U, Membrosus. 
 
 MEMBRUM, Artus, 3Ielo9, Colon, a Umh, a 
 member, (F.) 3Iemhre. The limbs or extremities 
 or members of animals are certain parts exterior 
 to the body, which are more or less apparent, 
 long, and moveable. It is by means of their 
 limbs, that animals transport themselves from 
 one place to another; and that they defend them- 
 selves, or attack others. The limbs are arranged 
 on each side of the trunk, with which they are 
 articulated. In man, they are four in number : 
 
 two upper or thoracic, and two lower, pelvic or 
 
 abdominal. Also, the male organ. 
 
 Membrum Genitale Virorum. Penis — m. Mu- 
 liebre. Clitoris — m. Seminale, Penis — m. Virile, 
 Penis. 
 
 3IE}T0JRE, Memory — m. Perte de, Amnesia. 
 
 MEMORIA DELETA, Amnesia. 
 
 MEM'ORY, 3Iemo'ria, 3Tneme, Recorda'tio, 
 
 Recorda'tus, (F.) 3Iemoire. The cerebral faculty, 
 
 by virtue of which past impressions are recalled 
 
 to the mind. 
 
 MEMPHI'TES LAPIS. A sort of stone, found 
 anciently in the environs of Memphis; which was 
 esteemed narcotic. 
 
 MENAGOGUES, Emmenagogues. 
 MENDESION, ^gyptiacum. 
 MENE, Moon. 
 
 MENECRATIS ACCIPITER, Accipiter. 
 MENELCO'SIS, Helcome'nia, from jiriv, ' a 
 month,' and 'cXxuiai;, 'ulceration.' Vicarious 
 menstruation from an ulcer. 
 MENES, Menses. 
 M^NESPAUSIE, see Menses. 
 MENIDRO'SIS, from nr,v, 'a month, and 
 -'t^pojiTff, ' sweating.' A sweating of menstrual 
 blood. — Bock. 
 
 MENFPtlGE, see Pistacla lentiseus. 
 MENINGARTHROC'ACE, Inflamma'tio mem- 
 hrana'rum articidatio'nis, Arthromeningi'tis, from 
 ftT/viyf, ixtviyyog, 'membrane,' apSpov, 'a joint,' and 
 KUKos, ' disease.' Inflammation of the membranes 
 of a joint. 
 
 3IENINGE, Dura mater. 
 SIENINGE, Meningeal. 
 
 MENIN'GEAL, 3Ienin'geus, from ixvviy^, ixtviy- 
 yoi, 'a membrane.' (F.) 3Ieninge. Relating to 
 the meninges, or merely to the dura mater. 
 Meningeal Apoplexy, see Apoplexy. 
 Meningeal Artery, Middle, Arte'ria menin'- 
 gca me'dia seu SphcBiio-spino'sa seu DurcB Matria 
 me'dia max'ima seu Sphano-spina'lis, Spinal Ar- 
 
 tery, (F.) Artere meningee moyenne ou Spheno. 
 epinense, ou Epineuse, is the largest of the 
 branches given off by the internal maxillary 
 artery. It enters the cranium by the foramen 
 spinale, and distributes its branches chiefly to 
 the dura mater. 
 
 Meningeal Vessels, Yasa menin'gea. The 
 vessels of the membranes of the brain. 
 
 MENIN'GES, Ei/am'ides, 3Iatre8 seu Involu'- 
 era Cev'ebri, Omen'ta seu Yelaraen'ta cerehra'lia, 
 from firiviyl, nvvtyyos, ' a membrane.' The three 
 membranes which envelop the brain — Dura 
 mater, Arachnoid, and Pia mater. 
 31ENINGETTE, Pia mater. 
 MENINGIITIS, Meningitis. 
 MENINGI'NA, (F.) 3Ieningine. Same etymon, 
 A name given by Chaussier to the pia mater, 
 united to the cerebral layer of the arachnoid. 
 Meningina, Inner Lamina of the, Pia mater. 
 3IENINGINE, Meningina. 
 3IENINGITE, CEREBRO-SPINAL, Menin- 
 gitis, cerebro-spinal. 
 
 MEXIXGINI TIS, from meningina, and itis, 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the me- 
 ningina. 
 
 MENINGION, Arachnoid membrane. 
 MENIXGIS GUSTOS, Meningophylax. 
 3IENINGITE, Meningitis — /)). Gramdeuse, 
 Hydrocephalus internus — ))). Rachidienne, Me- 
 ningitis, spinal — m. Tuberculeuse, Hydrocepha- 
 lus internus. 
 
 MENINGI'TIS, 3feningii'tis, EncephaWtia 
 peripher'ica seu membrano'sa, (F.) Inflammation 
 de la membrane sereuse cephalo-racliidienne, 3Te- 
 ningite, from meninges, and itis, denoting inflam- 
 mation. Inflammation of the meninges or mem- 
 branes of the brain. See Phrenitis. 
 Meningitis Arthritic a, Cephalagra. 
 Meningitis, Cer'ebro-Spinal, 3Iyeli'tis, pete- 
 chia'lis, Cer'ebral or cer'ebro-spinal typ>hus, (F.) 
 3Ieningite cerebro-sp>inaI, Fievre cerebrospinal. 
 Typhus cerebro-spinal. An alarmingly fatal form 
 of epidemic fever, which prevailed in different 
 countries of Europe, and, also, in certain portions 
 of the United States, near the middle of the 19th 
 century. It is considered, by Boudin, to consti- 
 tute the cerebro-spinal form of the nosological 
 group of typhus. 
 
 Meningi'tis Granular, Hydrocephalus inter- 
 nus — m. Hydrocephalica, Hydrocephalus internus 
 — m. Infantum, Hydrocephalus internus — m, 
 Membranosa, M. spinal. 
 
 Meningitis Mesencephal'ica. Inflammation 
 of the meninges of the medulla oblongata and 
 pons varolii more especially. 
 
 Meningitis Peripherica, M. spinal — m. Po- 
 tatorum, Delirium tremens — m. Rachidian, M. 
 spinal — m. Scrophulous, Hydrocephalus internus. 
 Meningitis, Spinal, 31. Rachid'ian seu Spi- 
 na'lis seu peripher'ica seu membrano'sa, Perimye- 
 li'tis, 3fyelo-meningi'tis, (F.) 3/eningite rachi- 
 dienne. Inflammation of the meninges of the 
 spinal marrow. 
 
 Meningitis, Tubercular, see Hydrocephalus 
 internus — m. Tuberculosa, Hydrocephalus in- 
 ternus. 
 
 MENIN'GIUM. Diminutive oi [triviyl, tivvyyoi, 
 'a membrane.' A fine, delicate membrane. The 
 tunica arachnoidea of the brain. 
 
 M E N IN G - CEPHALI'TIS, 3reningo-ence- ' 
 jyhali'tis, Ceph'alo-meningi'tis, Enceph' alo-menin- 
 gitis, from /xriviy^, liTjviyyos, ' a membrane,' Ke(pa\r;, 
 'head,' and itis, a sufiis denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the membranes and brain. 
 
 MENINGO-GASTRIC FEVER, Fever, gas- 
 trie. 
 
 MENINGO GASTRITIS, Fever, gastric. 
 MENINGOMALA'CIA, from itrivty^, firiviyyo;, 
 
MENINGOPHYLAX 
 
 583 
 
 MENSES 
 
 'membrane,' and /laXax-ia, 'softening.' Soften- 
 ing of membranes in oreneral. 
 
 MENINGOPH'YLAX, Custos menin'gh, Be- 
 presso'ritim, (F.) DSprensoii-e, from fiiji'iy^, /mviy- 
 yog, 'a membrane,' the dura mater; and 0i)Aa|, 
 'a preserver.' An instrument for depressing the 
 dura mater, and guarding it from injury, whilst 
 the bone is cut or rasped. 
 
 MENINGORRHCE'A, from ixnviy^, firji'iyyoi, 
 ' membrane,' and pto), ' I flow.' JSffusion of blood 
 upon or between the membranes of the brain. 
 
 MENINGO'SIS. Same etymon. The union 
 of bones by means of membrane; e. g. the arti- 
 culation of the bones of the cranium in the foetus. 
 Menincjosis is a variety of Syndesmosis. 
 
 MENINGOSYM'PHYSIS ; 3rcn;Hgosyz'ia,fTom 
 l^iviyi, jirjiiyyo;, ' membrane,' and avu^vaii, 'grow- 
 ing together.' Adhesion of or by membrane. 
 Adhesion of the membranes of the brain to each 
 other, or to the brain. 
 
 MENINGOSYZIA, Meningosymphysis. 
 
 MENINGU'RIA ; irom ^iriviy^, 'a membrane,' 
 and ovpov, ' urine.' The passage of urine contain- 
 ing membranous shreds. 
 
 IMENINX, Membrane — m. Choroides, Pia 
 mater — m. Crassa, Dura mater — m. Dura, Dura 
 mater — m. Exterior, Dura mater — m. Interior, 
 Pia mater — m. Media, Arachnoid membrane — m. 
 Pacheia, Dura mater — m. Sclera, Dura mater — 
 m. Serosa, Arachnoid membrane — m. Vasculosa, 
 Pia mater. 
 
 MENISCHESIS, see Amenorrhcea. 
 
 MENISCI, Cartilages, interarticular. 
 
 MENISPERMUM ANGULATUM, M. Cana- 
 dense. 
 
 Menispeem'um Canaden'se, M. angula'tum, 
 Orel. Menispermacea;, from iatjvtj, ' the moon,' 
 and a-Ktpjia, ' seed,' in allusion to the crescentic 
 shape of the seed. A climbing plant, growing in 
 various parts of the United States. Said to be 
 used in Virginia as a substitute for sarsaparilla 
 in scrofula, and to be called, in the West, Sarsa- 
 parilla. It is an excitant tonic. 
 
 Menisper'mum Coc'culus, 3r. glaneum, Ana- 
 mir'ta Coc'culus seu panicula'ta, Coc'culus sube- 
 ro'sus. The systematic name of the plant, the 
 berries of which are well known by the name of 
 Coc'culus In'dicus seu subero'sus, Indian Berries, 
 JBacccB Piscato'ricB, hidian Cockles, Coccus In'di- 
 cus, Cocculm qfficina'rum, Cocci orienta'les, Grana 
 Orien'tis, (F.) Coque du Levant, C. levant. These 
 berries are remarkable for their inebriating and 
 destructive quality to fish. The deleterious prin- 
 ciple appears to reside in the kernel, and in the 
 active principle called Picrotox'ine. Coeculus 
 Indicus has been used in decoction to kill vermin. 
 It has, at times, been added to beer, by fraudu- 
 lent tradesmen, to render it more inebriating. 
 
 Menispermum Glaucum, M. coeculus — m. Pal- 
 matum, Calumba. 
 
 Menisper'mum Tdbercula'tum, M. Verruco'- 
 sum, Coc'culus crispus. A Chinese plant, an ex- 
 tract from the root of which is tonic to the sto- 
 mach and bowels, and possesses some astrin- 
 gency. Dose, 5 to 10 grains. 
 
 The same may be said of llenisper'mum Cor- 
 d'ifo'lium — the Goluncha, of Bengal. 
 
 Menispermum Verrucosdm, M. tuberculatum. 
 
 MENOCRYPHIA, Amenorrhoea. 
 
 MENGLIPSIS, see Menses. 
 
 MENOPAUSIS, see Menses. 
 
 MBNOPHANIA, see Menses. 
 
 MENOPLANIA, Menstruation, vicarious. 
 
 MENORRHAG"IA, from /iiiv, fir/vo;, ' a month,' 
 and pnyvviii, 'to flow fiercely.' Plow of the menses. 
 Frequently, the word is used synonymously with 
 uterine hemorrhage or metrorrhagia, or for im- 
 moderate flow of the menses — profuse menstrua- 
 
 tion, Parame'nia super' flua seu profu'sa, Menor- 
 rhag"ia rubra, Catamenio'rum Jluxus immod'icns, 
 Menstrua immod' ica seu super'flua, Menorrhce'a. 
 
 Menop.rhagia, Menstruation, Metrorrhagia — 
 m. Alba, Leucorrhoea — m. DiiBcilis, Dysmenor- 
 rhoea — m. Erronea, Menstruation, erroneous — m. 
 Stillatitia, Dysmenorrhoea. 
 
 MENORRH(E'A, from nr,v, nm'oi, 'a month,' 
 and p£w, 'I flow.' The ordinary flow of the 
 menses. Also, too long continuing, or too often 
 returning, menstruation. Menorrhagia. 
 
 MENOSCHESIS, see Amenorrhoea. 
 
 MENOSTASIA, Amenorrhoea. 
 
 MENOS'TASIS, from iinv, /itivo;, 'month,' and 
 araais, 'stasis,' 'stagnation.' This word, accord- 
 ing to some, signifies the retention of the menses 
 and their accumulation in the uterus. According 
 to others, it means the acute pain which, in some 
 females, precedes each appearance of the menses: 
 a pain which has been presumed to proceed from 
 the stasis of blood in the capillary vessels of the 
 uterus. 
 
 MENOXBN'IA, Menoxeno'sis, from firjv, funvoi, 
 'a month,' and (tvof, 'foreign.' Irregular men- 
 struation. 
 
 MENOXENOSIS, Menoxenia. 
 
 MENS. Anima, Intellect. 
 
 MENS A, Trap'eza, 'a table.' The upper su- 
 perficial part or corona of the jaw teeth. 
 
 MENSES, (pi. of mcnsis, 'a month ;') 31. 3Tu- 
 lie'bres, 3Iul>e'bria, 3Ienes, Fluxns men'struus seu 
 luna'ris, Pro'fluviiim mulie'bre seu genita'le mulie- 
 bre, Consuetii'do menstrua, Catame'nia, 3Ien'strua, 
 Emm.e'nia, Tribu'tum luna're seu men'strvum, Pnr- 
 gatio'nes, P. menstrnoR, Gyncecei'a, Aphedri'a, 
 Cursus men'strwis, Honz'a, Luna'ria, Courses, 
 3Ienstrual flux, ilonthly courses or periods. Flow- 
 ers, Turns, Terms, the Reds, Troubles, (F.) 3Iois, 
 Rigles, Lunes, Flneurs, Affaires, Fjmques, Ordi- 
 naires. Purgations, Fleurs, 3Ienstrues. The san- 
 guineous evacuation from the uterus, Sanguis 
 menstrvns, 3Ien'strual Blood, the monthly occur- 
 rence of which constitutes menstruation or monthly 
 illness. The first appearance of the menses — 
 menopiha'nia — is usually preceded by the dis- 
 charge of a fluid whitish matter from the vagina : 
 by nervous excitement, and by vague pains and 
 heaviness in the loins and thighs; numbness of 
 the limbs, tumefaction and hardness of the 
 breasts, &c. More or less indisposition and irri- 
 tability also precede each successive recurrence 
 of the menstrual flux. In temperate climates, 
 each period, men' strual period, periodus luna'ris, 
 ordinarily continues from three to six days; and 
 the quantity lost varies from four to eight ounces. 
 The menses continue to flow from the period of 
 puberty till the age of 45 or 50. At the term of 
 its natural cessation, 3Ienolip'sis, 3Ienes2)a7isie 
 (Gardanne), Jlenopau'sis, the flux becomes irre- 
 gular; and this irregularity is occasionally a«- 
 companied with symptoms of dropsy, glandular 
 tumours, &o., constituting the Parame'nia cessa- 
 tio'nis of Good, and what is called the critical 
 time or ttirn or change of life; yet it does not 
 appear that the mortality is increased by it. 
 With the immediate causes of menstruation we 
 are unacquainted. AVe express onl3' our igno- 
 rance, when we assert it to depend upon period- 
 icity ; the discharge comes from the vessels of 
 the uterus and vagina, and differs from ordinary 
 blood by its peculiar odour, and by its not coagu- 
 lating. It is evidently connected with the con- 
 dition of the ovaries, and — it has been supposed 
 — with the periodical discharge of ova from them. 
 It is arrested, as a general principle, during preg- 
 nancy and lactation. In warm climutes, women 
 usually begin to menstruate early, and cease 
 sooner than in the temperate regions. The quau 
 
MENSIUM RETENTIO 
 
 584 
 
 MENTHA 
 
 tity lost is also greater. In the colder regions, 
 the reverse of this holds as a general rule. 
 
 Dried menstrual blood, especially of a woman 
 in her first menstruation — Sanguis vir'ginis jyn'- 
 mum raenstnia'tcB — was formerly given internally 
 as an anti-epileptic. 
 
 Menses Albi, Leueorrhoea — m. Anomalse, 
 Paramenia — m. Devii, Menstruation, vicarious 
 
 — m. Dolorifici, Dysmenorrhoea — m. Retention 
 of the, see Amenorrhoea — m. Suppression of the, 
 Araenorrhcea. 
 
 MEXSIUM RETENTIO, see Amenorrhcea. 
 MENSTRUA, Menses — m. Alba, Leueorrhoea 
 
 — m. Difliieilia, Dysmenorrhoea — m. Dolorosa, 
 Dysmenorrhoea — m. Immodica, Menorrhagia — 
 m. Superflua, Menorrhagia. 
 
 MENSTRUAL, Catamenial— m. Flux, Menses 
 — m. Period, see Menses. 
 
 MBNSTRUANT, Men'struans, Jlenstrua'tus, 
 trom. menstrua, 'the catamenia.' One subject to 
 the catamenia. 
 
 MENSTRUATIO ANOMALA. Paramenia — 
 m. Difficilis, Dysmenorrhoea — m. Dolorifica, Dys- 
 menorrhoea — m. Impedita, see Amenorrhoea — m. 
 Per insolitas Vias, Menstruation, vicarious. 
 
 Menstruatio Precox, Premature menstrua- 
 tion. Menstruation occurring before the usual 
 age or time. 
 
 Menstrua'tio Recidi'va. Menstruation, when 
 protracted beyond the usual age. 
 
 Menstruatio Retenta, Amenorrhoea, Para- 
 menia — m. Suppressa, Amenorrhoea, Paramenia. 
 
 MENSTRUA'TION, Menstrua'tio, Chronogyn'- 
 ea, Menorrhag"ia, Fluxua menstrua' lis. The flow 
 of the menses. 
 
 3IENSTR UA TION DIFFICILE, Dysmen or- 
 rhcea — m. DifiBcult, Dysmenorrhoea — m. Labo- 
 . rious, Dysmenorrhoea — m. Premature, Menstru- 
 atio praecox — m. Profuse, Menorrhagia. 
 
 Menstruation, Vica'rious, is that which oc- 
 curs from other parts than the uterus. It is 
 called Parame'nia erro'ris, 3Ienorrhag"ia erro'- 
 iiea, Mensiwm per alie'na loca excre'tio, II. de'vii, 
 Aberra'tio men'sium seu menstruo'rutn, Jlenstrna'- 
 tio per insol'itas vias, Hmmatopla'nia seu Hcemo- 
 pla'nia menstrua' lis, llenopla'nia, (F. ) Deviation 
 des Regies, Regies deviees. At times, the se- 
 creted fluid has all the characters of the men- 
 strual secretion ; at others, it appears to be mere 
 blood. 
 
 MENSTRUATUS, Menstruant. 
 
 MENSTR UEL, Catamenial. 
 
 MENSTRUES, Menses. 
 
 MEN'STRUOUS, Catamenial. Also, one af- 
 fected with the menses or catamenia. 
 
 MEN'STRUUM, (F.) Jfenstrue. Same ety- 
 mon ; — the menstruum being, of old, usually con- 
 tinued in action for a month. The monthly dis- 
 charge of the female. The plural, menstrua, is 
 now, however, always used for the menses. The 
 name was formerly given to every substance 
 which possesses the property of dissolving others 
 slowly and with the aid of heat. At present, it 
 is used synonymously with solvent. Thus — 
 water, alcohol, ether, acids, oils, &c., are men- 
 strua. 
 
 Menstruum Auri, Nitro-muriatic acid — m. 
 Yentriculi, Gastric juice. 
 
 MENSU'RA MED'ICA. A measure of 48 
 ounces. 
 
 MENSURA'TION, Meta'tio, from mensura, 
 'measure.' Jleasuremeni, Jledical meas'uring. 
 One of the means used for exploring the state of 
 the thoracic and other cavities. It consists in a 
 comparative measurement of each side of the 
 chest, by means of a riband extended from the 
 median line of the sternum to the spine. When 
 effusion exists on one side, the measurement is 
 usually greater than on the other. "When, on the 
 
 other hand, a portion of a lung has ceased, for 
 some time, to exert its respiratory functions, the 
 corresponding side of the chest becomes smaller, 
 in consequence of the contraction of the j^leura, 
 retraction of the pulmonary tissue, and greater 
 approximation of the ribs. 
 
 MENTA, Mentha, Penis. 
 
 MENTAGRA, Mentulagra, Sycosis — m. In- 
 fantum, Porrigo lupinosa. 
 
 MEN'TAGRAPHYTE, Ilen'tagrophyte, Mi- 
 cros'poron mentagroph'ytes, from mentagra, and 
 0i)Tov, 'a plant.' A name proposed by M. Gruby, 
 of Vienna, for a cryptogamous plant, which he 
 considers to produce mentagra. 
 
 MENTAL, Menta'lis, from mens, mentis, ' mind ;' 
 belonging or relating to the mind, as mental phe- 
 nom'ena, mental diseases [Jlorbi menta'les), <te. 
 
 In Anatomy, Mental, Jlenta'lis, (F.) Jlenion- 
 nier, signifies that which relates to the chin; 
 from mentum, 'the chin.' 
 
 Mental Ar'tert, (F.) Arfh-e mentonniere. 
 This is given off by the inferior dental, and issues 
 at the mental foramen to be distributed on the 
 lower lip. 
 
 Mental Fora'men, (P.) Trou mentonnier, An- 
 te'rior maxiUary F., is the outer orifice of the 
 inferior dental canal. It is situate on the outer 
 surface of the lower jaw-bone, opposite the second 
 incisor, or the canine tooth, and gives passage to 
 the vessels and nerves. 
 
 Mental Fossa, see Fossa, mental. 
 
 Mental Nerve, (F.) Nerf mentonnier, is fur- 
 nished by the inferior dental nerve. It issues by 
 the mental foramen, and is distributed, in nume- 
 rous filaments, to the muscles of the lower lip. 
 
 Mental Region, Re'gio menta'lis. The region 
 of the chin. 
 
 MENTHA seu MENTA AQUAT'ICA, {^ivQr,, 
 fiivda, pLivdos, 'mint.') 31. palui'tris seu hirsu'ta 
 seu rotnndifo'lia palus'tris, Jlenthas'trum, Sisym'- 
 hrium menthastrum, Bal'samus palus'tris. Water- 
 mint, (F.) Menthe aquatique, M. rouge. Nat. 
 Ord. Labiatas. This is less agreeable than the 
 ilentha viridis, and more bitter and pungent. It 
 is used like spearmint. 
 
 Mentha Balsamea, M. piperita. 
 
 Mentha Capen'sis, which grows at the Cape 
 of Good Hope, possesses the medical properties 
 of the mints. 
 
 Mentha Certi'na, Hart's pennyroyal, Hyssop- 
 leaved mint, Pule'gium eervi'num, (F.) Menthe 
 cervine. Possesses the properties of pennyroyal, 
 but is very unpleasant. 
 
 Mentha Citrata, Melissa. 
 
 Mentha Crispa, 31. hercyn'ica, Colymlif era 
 minor, Curled 3Iint, (F.) 3Ienthe frissee ou cre- 
 pue,,Baume d'eau d feuilles ridees. Possesses 
 the properties of peppermint. 
 
 Mentha Gentilis, M. viridis — m. Hercyniea, 
 M. crispa — m. Hirsuta, M. Aquatica — m. Laevi- 
 gata, M. viridis — m. Ofiicinalis, M. piperita — m. 
 Palustris, M. Aquatica. 
 
 Mentha Piperi'ta, 31. Piperi'tis seu offieina'- 
 lis seu balsame'a, Peppermint, (F.) Menthe poi- 
 vree. The odour of this variety is strong and 
 agreeable. Taste, pungent, aromatic, and pro- 
 ducing a sensation of coldness in the mouth. 
 Virtues depend upon essential oil and camphor. 
 It is stoQiachic and carminative. It is chiefly 
 used in the form of essential oil — the oleum men- 
 tkcB piperiteB. 
 
 Esseiice of Peppermint consists of ol. menthes 
 pip. 3'j> *P- ^■"'- recti/., coloured with sp>inach 
 leaves, Oij. See Tinctura olei menthae piperitas. 
 
 Mentha Pule'gium, Pulegium, P. rega'le seu 
 latifo'lium, Glechon, Pennyroyal, Pudding grass, 
 fProv.) Hihoort, Lurlzey-diih, Organ, (F.) Pou- 
 llot. The oil — O'leum pule'gii — possesses the 
 virtues of the plant. It resembles the mints in 
 
MENTHASTRUM 
 
 5 8 5 MERCURII CALX VITRIOLATA 
 
 general in properties. Amongst the vulgar, it is 
 esteemed an emmenagogue. Aqua Pclegii, 
 Aqua Menthm pute'gii, Pennyroyal Water, is offi- 
 cinal in the Edinburgh and Dublin Pharmaco- 
 poeias. 
 
 Mentha RoirANA, Balsamita suaveolens, Ta- 
 nacetum balsamita — m. Rotundifolia palustris, 
 M. aquatica — m. Saracenica, Balsamita suaveo- 
 lens, Tanaeetum balsamita — m. Sativa, M. viridis 
 — m. Spicata, M. viridis. 
 
 Mentha Vir'idis, M. Sati'va sen vulga'rrs seu 
 genti'lis seu spica'ta seu Icevifja'ta, Spearmint, 
 (F.) 3lenthe sauvnge ou verte ou des jardim, 
 Baume des jardins. Odour strong, aromatic; 
 taste warm, austere, bitterish. Virtues the same 
 as those of the peppermint. The Oleum mentha 
 viridis is obtained from it. 
 
 Mentha Vulgaris, M. viridis. 
 
 MENTHASTRUM, Mentha aquatica. 
 
 MEN THE AQUATIQUE, Mentha aquatica 
 — m. Cervine, Mentha cervina — m. Coq, Tana- 
 eetum balsamita — m. Crepue, Mentha crispa — 
 m. Frissee, Mentha crispa — m. des Jardins, Men- 
 tha viridis — m. Poivree, Mentha piperita — m. 
 Romaine, Balsamita suavoolens — m. Rouge, Men- 
 tha aquatica — ?». Sauvage, Mentha viridis — m. 
 Verte. Mentha viridis. 
 
 MENTIGO, Porrigo larvalis, Sycosis. 
 
 3IENTISME, from mens, mentis, 'mind.' Any 
 irregular movement of the mind, whether from 
 emotion or a vivid imagination. — Baumes. 
 
 MENTOBICORNEUS, Geniohyoides. 
 
 MEXTO-LABIAL, Jfento-lahin'lis, from men- 
 turn, 'the chin,' and labium, 'a lip.' Under this 
 name Chaussier has united the Levator labii in- 
 ferioris, and Quadratus muscles. See Depressor 
 labii inferioris. 
 
 Mento-Labial Furrow : a transverse depres- 
 sion situate between the lower lip and the chin, 
 which is remarkable for the perpendicular direc- 
 tion of the hairs growing upon it. 
 
 MEN TON, Men turn. 
 
 MENTONNIER, Mental— ?«. Lahial, Depres- 
 sor labii inferioris. 
 
 MENTONNIERE, see Funda. 
 
 MENTULA, Penis — m. Muliebris, Cereosis, 
 Clitoris — m. Parva, Pipinna. 
 
 MEN'TULAGRA, Men'tngrn. A hybrid word, 
 from rnentula, 'the penis,' and ayga, 'a seizure.' 
 A convulsive erection of the rnentula or penis; 
 such as is said to be sometimes observed in eu- 
 nuchs. See Pudendagra. 
 
 MENTULATUS, Membrosns. 
 
 MENTUM, Genei'on, Geni'mn, Anthe'reon, 
 'the chin.' (F.) Menton. The inferior and mid- 
 dle part of the face, situate below the lower lip. 
 The chin is formed of skin, areolar tissue, mus- 
 cles, vessels, nerves, and the os maxillare infe- 
 rius. 
 
 MENYAX'THES TRIFOLIA'TA, Menyan'- 
 thes, Minyan'fhes, from jjirjv, 'a month,' and av&os, 
 'a flower,' because it keeps in flower about a 
 month [?]. Trifo'lium pnludo' sum seu aquat'icum 
 seu palus'tre seu Jtbri'nnm, Water trefoil, Buch- 
 bean, Bngbean. Nat. Ord. Gentianace£8. (F.) 
 Trifle d'eau ou des 3Iarais ou de Castor. The 
 t.aste is intensely bitter, and is extracted by water. 
 It is tonic, anthelmintic, diuretic, cathartic, and, 
 in large doses, emetic. In some countries, it is 
 used as a substitute for hops in making beer. 
 
 Menyan'thes Verna, American bnclcbean. 
 Marsh trefoil. Water shamrock, Bitter root, has 
 similar nroperties. 
 
 MEOSIS, Meiosis. 
 
 MEPHIT'IC, Mephit'icns, (F.) MejMtique; 
 from a Syriac word, signifying 'to blow, to 
 breathe.' Any thing possessed of an unwhole- 
 some property; chiefly applied to exhalations. 
 
 Mephitic Acid, Carbonic acid — m. Air, Car- 
 bonic acid. 
 
 MEPHITIS, see Mephitism — m. Hepatica, 
 Hydrogen, sulphuretted — m. Infiammabilis, Hy- 
 drogen — m. Urinosa, Ammonia. 
 
 MEPH'ITISM, 3Iephitism'u8, (F.) Mephitiame. 
 Same etymon. Any pernicious exhalation. Me- 
 p)hi'ti8 and Moj)he'ta, (F.) Mofette ou Moufette, 
 are old names for azote ; and, in general, for all 
 exhalations and gases that are unfit for respi- 
 ration. 
 
 MERACUS, Merus. 
 
 MERAMAUROSIS, Hypamaurosis. 
 
 MERAN^STHE'SIS, Meranasthe'sia, from 
 p.epog, 'apart,' av, 'privative,' and aiaOrici;, 'sen- 
 sation.' Insensibility of a part of the body. 
 
 MERATROPH'IA, from piepos, 'a part,' and 
 aTpoipia, ' want of nourishment.' Atrophy of some 
 part of the body. 
 
 MERCURE, Hydrargyrum — m. Bichlorure de, 
 Hydrargyri oxymurias— «i. Biiodure de, Hydrar- 
 gyri iodidum rubrum — m. Bromures de, see Bro- 
 mine — m. CoraUin, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum — 
 m. avec la Craie, Hydrargyrum cum creta — m. 
 Cm, Hydrargyrum — m. Cyanure de, Hydrargyri 
 eyanuretum — m. Deutiodure de, Hydrargyri iodi- 
 dum rubrum — m. Deuto-ehlorure de, Hydrargyri 
 oxymurias — m. Doux, Hydrargyri submurias — 
 m. Gommeux de Plenck, Syrupus de mercuric me- 
 diante gummi — m. Muriate oxygene de, Hydrar- 
 gyri oxymurias — m. Oxide de, cendre, Hydrar- 
 gyri o.xydum cinereum — m. Oxide gris de, Hy- 
 drargyri oxydum cinereum — m. Oxide nitrique 
 de, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum — - m. Oxide noir 
 de, Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum — m. Oxide 
 rouge de, Hydrargyri oxydum rubrum — m. Peri- 
 iodiire de, Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum — m. Pro- 
 tiodurc de, Hydrargyri iodidum — m. Protochlo- 
 rure de, Hydrargyri submurias — m. Protoxide de, 
 Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum — m. Sous-muriate 
 de, precipite, Hydrargj'rum prsecipitatum — m. 
 Sous-sulfate de, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — m. 
 Sulphure de, noir, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ni- 
 grum — m. Sulphure de, rouge, Hydrargyri snl- 
 phuretum rubrum. 
 
 MERCU'RIAL, Mercuria'lis, (F.) Ifercuriel/ 
 from mercurius, 'mercury.' That which contains 
 or relates to mercury. A preparation of mer- 
 cury — Hydrargyr' icujn, Hyd.rargyr'ium. 
 
 Mercurial Erethism, see Erethism — m.Rash, 
 Eczema mercuriale. 
 
 MERCURTALE ANNUELLE, Mereurialis— 
 m. des _Boi's, Mereurialis perennis — m. de Chien,'M.eT- 
 curialis perennis — m. Vivace, Mereurialis perennis. 
 
 MERCURIA'LIS, Mercuria'lis an'nua, French 
 mercury. CF.) Mercuriale annuelle, Foirole, Ram- 
 berge, Vignoble ; Class, Dioecia; Order, Ennean- 
 dria. It has been esteemed cathartic, hypnotic 
 and cosmetic, and has been chiefly used by way 
 of lavement. See Chenopodium Bonus Henricus. 
 
 Mercurialis Humor, Humor melanchol'icus. 
 A supposititious humour with the older physi- 
 cians, out of which they presumed that morbi 
 melanchol'ici seu mercuria'les arose. 
 
 Mercurialis Peren'nis, Cynocram'be, Cani'na 
 bras' sica, M. monta'na, M. Sylves'tris, Bog's mer- 
 cury, (F.) Mercuriale vivace, M. de chien, M. des 
 bpis. This plant is possessed of acro-narcotio 
 properties. 
 
 MERCURIALISMUS, Hydrargyriasis. 
 
 MERCU'RIALIST, Mercurialis' ta, from mer- 
 curius, ' mercury.' One inordinately addicted to 
 prescribing mercury. 
 
 MERCURIALIZA'TIOK Same etymon. The 
 state of being affected by mercury. One under 
 the influence of mercury is said to be mercu- 
 rialized. 
 
 MERCURII CALX VITRIOLATA, Hydrar- 
 gyrus vitriolatus — m. Deuto-ioduretum, Hydrar- 
 
MERCURIUS 
 
 586 
 
 MERORRHEXIS 
 
 gyri iodidum rubrum — m. Proto-ioduretum, Hy- 
 drargyri iodidum — ra. Sperma, Hydrargyrus ace- 
 tatus — m. Terra foliata, Hydrargyrus acetatus. 
 
 MERCURIUS, Hydrargyrum — m. Acetatus, 
 Hydrargyrus acetatus — m. Alkalisatus, Hydrar- 
 gyrum cum creta — m. Calcinatus, Hydrargyri 
 oxydum rubrum — m. Causticus flavus, Hydrargy- 
 rus vitriolatus — m. Cinereus, Hydrargyri oxydum 
 Cinereum — m. Cinnabarinus, Hydrargyri sulpbu- 
 retum rubrum — m. Corallinus, Hydrargyri nitri- 
 co-oxydum — m. Corrosivus, Hydrargyri oxymu- 
 rias— m. Corrosivus ruber, Hydrargyri nitrico- 
 oxydum — m. Corrosivus sublimatus, Hydrargyri 
 oxymurias — m. Cosmeticus, Hydrargyrum prae- 
 cipitatum — m. Dulcis, Hydrargyri submurias — 
 m. Emeticus flavus, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — 
 m. Gummosus Plenckii, Syrupus de mercurio 
 mediante guinmi — m. Luteus, Hydrargyrus vitri- 
 olatus — m. Mortis, Algaroth — m. Niger Moscati, 
 Hydrargyri oxydum einereum — m. Nitrosus 
 calide paratus, see Hydrargyri nitras — m. Nitro- 
 Bus frigore paratus, Hydrargyri nitras — m. Prse- 
 cipitatns corrosivus, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydura 
 — m. Pra3cipitatus niger, Hydrargyri oxydum 
 einereum — m. Saccbaratus, Hydrargyrum sac- 
 charatum — m. Solubilis of Hahnemann, see 
 Hydrargyri oxydum einereum- — m. Sublimatus 
 dulcis, Hydrargyri submurias — m. cum Sul- 
 phure, Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum — m. 
 Terrestris, Polygonum Hydropiper — ^m. Vitse, 
 Algaroth — m. Zoticus Hartmanni, Hydrargyri 
 submurias. 
 
 MERCURY, Hydrargyrum — m. Acetate of, 
 Hydrargyrus acetatus — m. Acid nitrate of, see 
 Hydrargyri nitras — m. Ammoniated, Hydrargy- 
 rum prascipitatum — ra. Ammonio-chloride of, 
 Hydrargyrum pra?cipitatum — m. Bichloride of, 
 Hydrargyri oxymurias— m. Biniodide of, Hy- 
 drargyri iodidum rubrum, see Iodine — m. Bisul- 
 phuret of, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum — m. 
 Bromide of, see Bromine. 
 
 Mehcury with Chalk, Hydrargyrum cum 
 cretl,. 
 
 Mebcury, Chloride of. Mild, Hydrargyri 
 Bubmurias — m. Compound cerate of, Ceratum 
 Hydrargyri compositum • — m. Cyanuret of, Hy- 
 drargyri cyanuretum — m. Deuto-iodide of, see 
 Iodine — m. Dog's, Mercurialis perennis — m. 
 English, Chenopodium bonus Henricus — m. 
 Prench, Mercurial — m. Iodide of, Hydrargyri 
 Iodidum — m. Iodide of, red, Hydrargyri Iodi- 
 dum rubrum. 
 
 Mercury, Iodide of Chloride of, lod'idiim 
 Hydrar'gyri chlo'ridi, Hjidrar'gyrvm ioda'tum 
 cum cJilorido mercu'i-ii, (F.) lodhydrargyrite de 
 ehlorure mercureux. Made by the reaction of 
 iodine on mild chloride of mercury. Two iodides 
 may be prepared — the iodide and the hiniodide. 
 Both are violent irritants : the biniodide, espe- 
 cially, is a powerful caustic. Both have been 
 given in scrofula. The biniodide is only used 
 externally like nitrate of silver in scrofulous 
 and certain syphilitic ulcerations. An ointment 
 of the iodide (gr. xv ad adipis ^ij) is rubbed on 
 scrofulous tviraefactions. 
 
 Mercury, Iodo-Arskmte of, Arsenic and 
 Mercury, iodide of — m. Muriate of, corrosive, Hy- 
 drargyri oxymurias — m. Muriate of mild, Hy- 
 drargyri submurias — m. Nitrate of, Hydrargyri 
 nitras — m. Nitric oxyd of, Hydrargyri nitrico- 
 oxydum — m. Oxide of, black or gray, Hydrar- 
 gyri oxydum einereum — m. Oxide of, red, Hy- 
 drargyri oxydum rubrum — m. Oxymuriate of, 
 Hydrargyri oxymurias — m. Periodide of, Hy- 
 drargyri iodidum rubrura — m. Phosphuretted, 
 Hydrargyrus phospboratus — m. Precipitate of, 
 ■white, Hydrargyrum prsecipitatum — m. Proto- 
 cbloride of. Ilydrargvri submurias — m. Protoio- 
 dide of, sec Llydriirgyri iodidum, and Iodine — m. 
 
 Prussiate of, Hydrargyri cyanuretum — m. Solu- 
 ble, Hydrargyri nitras — m. Subchloride of, Hy- 
 drargyri submurias — m. Submuriate of, Hydrar- 
 gyri submurias — m. Sulphuret of, black, Hydrar- 
 gyri sulphuretum nigrum — m. Sulphuret of, red, 
 Hydrargyri sulphuretum rebrum, Realgar — m. 
 Sulphuret of, with Sulphur, Hydrargyri Sulphu- 
 retum nigrum — m. Supernitrate of, Solution of. 
 see Hydrargyri nitras — m. Tartrate of, Hydrargyri 
 tartras — m. Three-seeded, Acalypha Virginioa. 
 
 Mercury and Arsenic, Iodide of. Arsenic 
 and Mercury, Iodide of — m. and Quinia, Proto 
 chloride of, Hydrargyri et Quinise Protocnlori- 
 dum. 
 
 MERDA, Excrement. 
 MERDIVOMUS, Copremetus. 
 MERDUS, Excrement 
 
 MERE BES PIANS, Plan - m. de Seigle, 
 Ergot. 
 
 MEREMPHRAX'IS, from jUEpo?, 'a part,' and 
 tfuppai,ii, 'obstruction.' Obstruction or infarction 
 of an organ. 
 
 MEBICUS, Local. 
 
 MERIDRO'SIS, Sudor partia'lis seu locn'Us ; 
 from jitfios, ' a part,' and 'lipman, 'sweating.' A 
 partial perspiration. 
 MERIMNA, Cura. 
 MERIMNE,-Cura. 
 MERISTER, Prunus avium. 
 MERISMOPCEDIA VENTRICULI, Sarcina 
 ventriculi. 
 
 MEROBALANEUM, Bath, partial. 
 MEROBALNEUM, Bath, partial. 
 MEROCE'LE, Miroee'le, Iferorix'is, 3/'eror- 
 rhex'ifi, from iirjpos, ' the thigh,' and xriXri, ' tumour ;' 
 Hernia criira'lis seu femora'lia, Fern' oral or criiral, 
 hernia, (F.) Hemic crurale ou fenioraJe. In this 
 hernia, the viscera issue from the abdomen 
 through the crural canal ; or through an opening 
 immediately on the outer side of Gimbernat's 
 ligament, which gives passage to lymphatic ves- 
 sels. This affection is more frequent in the female 
 than in the male, and especially in those who 
 have had children. The tumour, formed by 
 merocele, is generally small, round, and more or 
 less difficult of reduction. In other respects, it 
 possesses all the characters of hernia. The neck 
 of the sac has, close on the outside, the epigastric 
 artery ; above, the spermatic cord and spermatic 
 artery in the male — the round ligament in the 
 female; on the inside, Gimbernat's ligament; 
 and below, the pubes. When the obturator artery 
 arises from the epigastric, it generally passes on 
 the outside of and below the orifice of the sac; 
 sometimes, however, it takes a turn above, and 
 then to the inside of the opening. J. Cloquet 
 asserts, that of 134 cases, in one only did he find 
 the epigastric artery on the inside of the orifice 
 of the sac. 
 
 The operation, required in strangulation of this 
 variety, may be practised on the aponeurotic 
 opening, by cutting downwards and inwards on 
 the side of Gimbernat's ligament. 
 MEROCOXALGIA, Coxalgia. 
 MEROL'OGY. Merolog"i'a, (F.) Merologie, 
 from /utfjof, 'apart,' and Xoyof, 'a discourse.' The 
 branch of anatomy, which treats of the elementary 
 constituents of the tissues and humours of the* 
 organism. — Robin and Verdeil. 
 
 MERO'PTA, from fiffio?, 'a part,' and o(,:s, 
 'vision.' A partial obscurity of vision. 
 MERORIXTS, Merocele. 
 
 MERORRHEU'MA, Rheumafis'mvs pnrtin'lin 
 seu loca'lis seu Blemhro'rrtm singulo'rum ; from 
 IJicpos, 'a part,' and f)£V)ja, 'defluxion, rheumatism. 
 Rheumatism affecting a part. Topical or local 
 rheumatism. 
 
 MERORRHEXIS, Merocele. 
 
MEROS 
 
 587 
 
 MESENTERY 
 
 MEROS. Femur, Thigh. 
 
 MERRY-ANDREW. An itinerant quaclf, who 
 exposes his nostrums for sale at fairs and mar- 
 kets. See Charlatan. — So called from Dr. An- 
 drew Boorde, who lived in the reigns of Henry 
 VIII., Edward VI., and Queen Mary, and who 
 ■was in the habit of frequenting fairs and markets, 
 at which he harangued the populace. 
 
 MERTEN'SIA VIRGIN'ICA, Pulmona'ria 
 Virgin'ica, Virgin'ian Cowslip, Smooth Lung- 
 wort ; indigenous. Family, Boraginacese. Tlie 
 plant is mucilaginous, and may be used as a de- 
 mulcent. 
 
 MERULIUS, Morchella Esculenta — m. Auri- 
 cula, Peziza auricula. 
 
 MERUS, Nera'cus, A'cratoa, 'pure, genuine;' 
 as Vinnm meruni, unmixed wine. 
 Merus, Femur, Thigh. 
 MERVINE, MALE, Cypripedium lateum. 
 MERYCISMUS, Rumination. 
 31ER YCOLE, see Rumination. 
 MERYCOLOG"IA, from ixrjpvKao), ' I ruminate,' 
 and A.jyof, 'a description.' Any work on rumi- 
 nation may be so termed. 
 
 MERYPERTROPH'IA, from nepo^, 'a part,' 
 and hypertrophia, ' supernutrition.' Hypertrophy 
 of a part. 
 
 MESA, Genital organs. 
 MESAR^UM, Mesentery. 
 MESARAIC, Mesenteric. 
 MESEMAR, Mismar. 
 
 MESEMBRYANTHEMUM COPTICUM, see 
 Soda. 
 
 Mesembryan'themum: Crystal'linum, 3f. 
 Jicoi'des {ij£irr;ii(^f,taw, ' to do at noon,' because its 
 flowers expand at midday.) Di'amond fig-mary- 
 gold, Ice-p!ant, (F.) Glaciale, Crystalline. Nat. 
 Orel. Ficoideoe: a plant common in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Cape Town. It has been recom- 
 mended in dysuria, ischuria, and some other 
 affections of tlie urinary organs. 
 
 MESEMBRV^i-NTHEMUM Edu'le, and M. acina- 
 eiforme, South African plants, are much used as 
 domestic remedies at the Cape. The expressed 
 juice of the leaves acts as an astringent in dy- 
 senter}', and as a mild diuretic. It is also used 
 as an antiseptic gargle in malignant sore throat, 
 violent salivation and aphthae, and as a lotion to 
 burns and scalds. 
 
 Mrsejibryan'themum Tortuo'sum, also a 
 South African plant, is said to possess narcotic 
 properties. 
 
 MESENOEPHALE, Medulla oblongata. Pons 
 Varolii. 
 
 MES'ENTERIC, Mesara'ic, iTesenter'icus, 3fe- 
 sara'icus, Mesara'icus, (F.) ilesenterique, Mesa- 
 ra'ique ; from fitaivTipiov, or ixeaapatov, 'the 
 mesentery.' That which relates or belongs to 
 the mesentery. 
 
 Mesenteric Arteries are two in number, and 
 distinguished into, 1. The Superior mesenteric, 
 which arises from the anterior part of the abdo- 
 minal aorta, below the coeliac. It immediately 
 descends to the left, forwards, behind the pan- 
 creas, and in front of the third portion of the 
 duodenum, — to gain the superior extremity of the 
 mesentery, where it makes a long curvature, the 
 convexity of which is turned forwards and to the 
 left. Towards the termination of the ileum, it 
 ends by anastomosing with a branch of the A. 
 coliea dextra inferior. At its concavity, it gives 
 off the three Arteries coliea dextra, which belong 
 to the great intestine; and, at its convexity, it 
 sends off fifteen or twenty branches, which are 
 distributed to the small intestine, after having 
 formed numerous arches by their anastomoses. 
 
 2. The Inferior Jfesenteric Artery arises from 
 the anterior part of the abdominal aorta, an inch 
 
 and a half before its termination. It descends, 
 on the left side, behind the peritoneum; engages 
 itself in the substance of the iliac mesocolon, 
 forming a considerable curvature, whose con- 
 vexity faces the left side. When it reaches the 
 brim of the pelvis, it passes along the posterior 
 separation of the mesorectum, and attains the 
 neighbourhood of the anus, under the name iS"*;- 
 perior hemorrhoidal artery. It gives off no branch 
 at its concave part; but, from the convex, the 
 three Arteria coUccb sinistrce arise. 
 
 Mesenteric Disease, Tabes mesenterica. 
 Mesenteric Glands are the lymphatic g.in- 
 glions of the mesentery. Through them, the 
 chyliferous vessels pass to the thoracic duct. 
 Their uses are unknown. When diseased, nutri- 
 tion is interfered with, and atrophy produced. 
 
 Mesenteric Hernia. If one of the layers of 
 the mesentery be torn by a blow, whilst the other 
 remains in its natural state, the intestines may 
 insinuate themselves into the aperture, and form 
 a kind of hernia. It is not known during life. 
 
 Mesenteric Plexuses are furnished by the 
 solar plexus, and have been distinguished into 
 superior anA inferior ; like the mesenteric arte- 
 ries which they accompany. 
 
 Mesenteric or Mesaraic Veins are two in 
 number, and belong to the vena porta. They 
 are distinguished into, 1. The Superior mesenteric 
 or mesaraic or great mesaraic. This trunk re- 
 ceives, from above to below and on the right side, 
 the three vena coliea dextra and the Oastro- 
 epiploica dextra. Into its left side, the veins of 
 the small intestine open. It passes in front of 
 the transverse portion of the duodenum; and, 
 behind the pancreas, unites with the splenic vein 
 to concur in the formation of the vena porta. 
 
 The inferior or lesser mesenteric vein corre- 
 sponds to the artery of the same name, and 
 opens into the splenic, near the union of that 
 vein with the superior mesenteric, and behind the 
 pancreas. 
 
 3IESENTERTQ HE, Mesenteric. 
 MESENTERIITIS, Mesenteritis. 
 MESENTERI'TIS, Mesenterii'tis, Empres'ma 
 peritoni'tis mesenter'ica, Enteri'tis mesenter'ica, 
 Inflamma'tion of the mesentery ; from itcctvTcpiov, 
 'mesentery,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 The pain is here deeper seated and more imme- 
 diately in the mesenteric region. The external 
 tenderness is less than in some of the other 
 varieties of peritonitis. 
 
 MESENTERIUM, Mesentery — m. Crassum, 
 Mesocolon. 
 
 MESENTERON, Mesentery. 
 MESENTEROPHTHISIS, Tabes mesenterica. 
 MES'ENTERY, ilesenter'ium, Mesarai'on, 
 itesara'um, Ifedia'num, Memira'na pinguis in- 
 testino'rum, Lactes, 3Iesen'teron, Bfesera'um, Me- 
 sora'um, Medium intesti'mim, Epichor'dis ; from 
 fi£croj. 'in the middle,' and evrepov, 'intestine.' 
 (F.) 3fesentere. A term in anatomy, applied to 
 several duplicatures of the peritoneum, which 
 maintain the different portions of the intestinal 
 canal in their respective situations ; allowing, 
 however, more or less motion. They are 
 formed of two lamina, between which are con- 
 tained the corresponding portion of intestine and 
 the vessels that pass to it. One onlj' of these 
 duplicatures has received the name mesentery, 
 properly so called. This belongs to the small 
 intestine, which it suspends and retains in situ. 
 Its posterior margin, which is the smallest, is 
 straight, and descends obliquely from the left 
 side of the body of the second lumbar vertebra 
 to the right iliac fossa. Its anterior margin is 
 curved, undulating, plaited, and corresponds tc 
 the whole length of the small intestine. The 
 mesentery contains, between the two laminae 
 
MESERA 
 
 588 
 
 MESPILTJS 
 
 whicli form it, a number of lymphatic ganglions ; 
 the trunks and branches of the mesenteric ves- 
 sels ; the nervous plexuses accompanying them, 
 and many lacteals and lymphatics. 
 MESERA. Tutia. 
 MESER^UM, Mesentery. 
 MESERAION, Mesentery. 
 ME'SIAL, from jitaog, 'in the middle.' Re- 
 lating or appertaining to the middle. 
 
 Mesial Plank, an imaginary ^jZane, dividing 
 the head, neck, and trunk into similar halves, 
 towards right and left. Every aspect towards 
 this plane is mesial; and every aspect towards 
 right or left is lateral; every lateral aspect being 
 devtrnl or sinistral. 
 
 MESIAMUM, Aniceton. 
 
 MESMER'IC, Mesmer'icus; from Anthony 
 Mesmer, the great promulgator of animal magnet- 
 ism. Relating to mesmerism or animal magnet- 
 ism : — as the ' mesmeric state,' ' mesmeric sleep,' 
 &c. &c. 
 
 MESMERISM, Magnetism, animal. 
 MES'MERIST. A practiser of, or believer in, 
 mesmerism. 
 
 MESMERIZA'TION, 3lagnetiza'tion. The act 
 of mesmerizing. The state of being mesmerized. 
 MES'MERIZED, Ifesmeriza'tus, Mag'netized. 
 Affected with mesmerism or animal magnetism. 
 When the person is in a state of ' magnetic sleep,' 
 he is said to be hyp'notized. 
 
 MES'MERIZER, Animal STagneti'zer, 3fag- 
 neti'zer. One who practises mesmerism. 
 
 MESMERO-PHRENOLOGY,Phreno-magnet- 
 ism. 
 
 MESO, ficang, 'in the middle.' A prefix to 
 certain words. 
 
 MESOBREGMATE, see Cranium. 
 MESOC^'CUM, (??(e.5o and cfBcum). A name 
 given to a duplieature of the peritoneum, (in 
 some persons only,) at the posterior part of the 
 caecum. 
 
 MESOCEPHALE, Medulla oblongata. Pons 
 Varolii. 
 
 MESOCHON'DRIAC, 3TesocTiondri'acus ; from 
 meso, and ■)(ovhpoi, ' cartilage.' A name given by 
 Boerhaave to fleshy fibres situate between the 
 cartilaginous rings of the trachea. 
 
 MESOCOL'IC, Ifesoco'licus. Same etymon 
 as the next. Belonging or relating to the meso- 
 colon. 
 
 MESOCO'LOiST, ITesoco'lnm, Ifesenter'ium eras- 
 Bum, from meso, and k(d\ov, 'the colon.' A name 
 given to the duplicatures of the peritoneum, 
 which fix the different parts of the colon to the 
 abdominal parietes. It has received different 
 names, according to its situation. The right 
 lumbar mesocolon &xes the ascending colon to the 
 corresponding lumbar region. The transverse 
 mesocolon arises from the concave arch of the 
 colon, and forms a septum between the epigastric 
 and umbilical regions. Its inferior portion is 
 continuous with the mesentery. The left lumbar 
 mesocolon, vfhich contains the ascending colon, is 
 continuous below with the Iliac mesocolon. The 
 Inst includes between its layers the sigmoid flex- 
 ure of the colon, and ends in the mesorectum. 
 Under the right kidney, it is narrow and firm, 
 and forms the right lig'ament of the colon: at the 
 under end of the left kidney, it forms the left 
 lig'ament of the colon. 
 
 MESOCRANIUM, Sinciput. 
 MESOCRANUM, Sinciput. 
 MESODERMUM, Corpus mucosum. 
 MESODME, Mediastinum. 
 MESODMI'TIS, from f,£(7o^/i»7, (//£(7o?, 'middle,' 
 and ionoq, 'a building.') 'the mediastinum,' and 
 itis, 'inflammation.' MesotcBchi'tis, 3fediastini'tis, 
 Inflamma'tio mediasti'ni. Inflammation of the 
 mediastinum. 
 
 MESOEPIDID'YMIS, from utao?, 'middle,' 
 and zTii&i6vjxii, ' epididymis.' A double serous 
 fold, like the mesocolon, formed by the tunica 
 vaginalis passing from the body of the epididy- 
 mis, and uniting it to the testicle. 
 
 MESOGASTRIUM, Umbilical region. 
 ME.SOGASTRIUM MlJLLERi. A portion of mesen- 
 tery, which passes from the vertebral column to 
 the left curvature of the stomach. 
 MESOGLOSSUS, Genioglossus. 
 MESOGLOTTUS, Genioo;lossus. 
 MESOGONIUM, Internodium. 
 MESOLO'BAR. Belonging or relating to 
 the 3Iesolobe or Corpus callo'sum. 
 
 Mesolobae Arteries, Arte'ricB mesolob'icm, 
 A. cor'poris callo'si cer'ehri, are the arteries of 
 the corpus callosum. 
 
 3IES0L0BE, Corpus callosum. 
 MESOMER'IA, from meso, and iicpog, 'tho 
 thigh.' The parts of the body situate between 
 the thighs and hips. 
 
 MESOMERION, PerinEeum. 
 MESOMPHALUM, Umbilicus. 
 MESOPHLEB'IUM, from meso, and 4.\t^, 'a 
 vein ;' Interve' nium. The space between two 
 veins. 
 
 MESOPH'RYON, Glabell'a, Gabel'la, Intereil'- 
 him, ileto'pium. Nasal eminence, from meso, and 
 o(ppva, 'the eyebrows.' The part between the 
 eyebrows. 
 
 MESOPLEURIUM, Intercostal space. 
 MESOPLEURIUS, Intercostal. 
 MESOR^UM, Mesentery. 
 MESOR'CHIUM, from meso, and opx-'?, 'a tes- 
 ticle.' A duplieature of the peritoneum, which 
 supports the testicle in its passage from the abdo- 
 men into the scrotum. — Seiler. 
 
 MESORECTUM. A hybrid word : from meso, 
 and rectum, 'the intestine rectum.' A triangular 
 reflection, formed by the peritoneum, between the 
 posterior surface of the rectum and the anterior 
 surface of the sacrum. Between the two layers 
 of which the meso rectum is composed are found 
 much areolar tissue, and the termination of the 
 inferior mesenteric vessels. 
 MESOS, Meso. 
 
 MESOSCEOCELE. Hernia, perineal. 
 MESOSCELON. Perinseum. 
 MESOSCELOPHY'MA, from 3resoscelon,{meso, 
 and (XKc'Xog, 'leg,') 'perinaeum,' and (pvixa, 'swel- 
 lins.' A tumour of the perinfeum. 
 
 MESOTH'ENAR, from iitaog, and Sevap, ' the 
 thenar,' 'the palm of the hand.' A muscle, 
 which carries the thumb towards the palm, 
 Winslow applied the term to the abductor polli- 
 cis, united to the deep-seated portion of the flexor 
 brevis pollicis. 
 
 MESOT'ICA, from licaog, 'middle.' Diseases 
 affecting the parenchyma. Pravity in the quan- 
 tity or quality of the intermediate or connecting 
 substance of organs ; without inflammation, fever, 
 or other derangement of the general health. The 
 first Order, class Eccritica of Good. 
 MESOTffiCHITIS, Mesodmitis. 
 MESOTCECHIUM. Mediastinum. 
 MESOTCECIIUM, Mediastinum. 
 MES'PILUS, J/es/)?7«.9 German'ica seu domes'- 
 tica. Ord. Rosacese. The medlar, (F.) Neflier. 
 The fruit (F.) Nefle, and seeds of the medlar 
 have both been used medicinally : — the immature 
 fruit as an astringent, and the seeds in nephritic 
 diseases. See Cratsecus Aria and Sorbus acuparia. 
 Mespiltis Aria, Crataegus aria — m. Domestica, 
 Mespilus, Sorbus domestica — m. Germanica, Mes- 
 pilus — m. Intermedia, Mespilus oxyacantha — m. 
 Lasvigata, Mespilus oxyacantha. 
 
 Mespilus Oxyacan'tha, 31. O.ryncantliot' dea 
 sou interme'dia seu Iceviga'ta, Oxyacantha, Spina, 
 alba, White Hawthorn. (F.) Aubejiine. The 
 
MET A 
 
 589 
 
 METAMORPHOPSIA 
 
 flowers of this uncommon European plant are 
 sometimes used in infusion as a pectoral. 
 
 Mespilus Oxyacanthoides, Mespilus oxya- 
 cantha. 
 
 MET A, i^cTa, Jlleth,' ji!:B\ 'with,' 'together 
 with/ 'afrer,' 'change of form and place.' A 
 common prefix to words. Hence; 
 
 METAB'ASIS, Tran'sitm, Melah'oU, Neta- 
 hol'ia, Metal'lage, lleiallax'is, from fizTafiaivui, 
 {meta, and ^aivui, • I go/) ' I digress.' A change 
 of remedy, practice, &c. — Hippocrates. 
 
 METABOLE, Metabasis, Transformation. 
 
 METABOLEL'OGY, Metaholelog"ia ; from 
 ficTal^oXri, (meta, and /^aXAui,) 'change,' and Xoyog, 
 'a description.' A description of the changes 
 which supervene in the course of a disease. 
 
 METABOLIA, Metabasis. 
 
 METABOL'IC, Ifetabol'icus, from licra^olr,, 
 ' change.' Appertaining to change or transfor- 
 mation. 
 
 Metabol'ic Force. Vis metahol'ica. A term 
 employed by Schwann for the power possessed 
 by living cells of changing the character of the 
 substances brought in contact with them. 
 
 METACAR'PAL, Metocarpia'nus, (F.) 3Ieta- 
 carpien. From meta, and Kapirog, ' wrist/ Re- 
 lating or belonging to the metacarpus. 
 
 Metacarpal KuTEnY, Arte'ria dorsa'lis meta- 
 car'2}i, arises from the radial, at the moment it 
 engages itself in the upper extremity of the ab- 
 ductor indicis. It descends obliquely upon the 
 back of the hand. Its branches are distributed 
 to the abductor indicis, and the integuments: 
 some communicate with the dorsalis carpi. 
 
 Metacarpal Articula'tioxs are those by 
 which the last four metacarpal bones are united 
 together at their upper extremity. 
 
 Metacarpal Bones, or bones which compose 
 the metacarpus, are five in number; and distin- 
 guished into fii'st, second, third, &o., beginning 
 from the outer or radial side. They are articu- 
 lated by their superior extremity with the bones 
 of the second range of the carpus; and by the 
 lower with the first phalanges. 
 
 Metacarpal LiG'AMENT,/;i/e'j-i'or^a?ma»-Z?jf'- 
 ament, is a fibrous band, stretched transversely 
 before the inferior extremities of the last four 
 metacarpal bones, which it keeps in their respec- 
 tive positions. 
 
 Metacarpal Phalan'ges are the first pha- 
 langes of the fingers ; so called, because they 
 are articulated with the bones of the metacarpus. 
 
 Metacarpal Range or row of the carpal 
 bones, (F.) Jiaitgee mefacarpienne du carpe, is 
 the lower row of carpal bones ; so called because 
 they are articulated with the bones of the meta- 
 carpus. It is composed of the trapezium, trape- 
 zoides, magnum, and unciforme. 
 
 METACARPEUS, Abductor metacarpi minimi 
 digiti. 
 
 ifETACARPIEN, Metacarpal — ot. du Petit 
 doigt, Opponens minimi digiti — m. du Pouce, Op- 
 ponens pollicis. 
 
 METACARPION, Metacarpus. 
 
 METACARPO-PHALANG^US POLLICIS, 
 Adductor pollicis manus. 
 
 METACAR'PO-PHALAN'GIAN, Ifetaearpo- 
 phalangia'ntis, Metacarpo-plial' angal, (F.) 3Ieia- 
 carpo-phalangien. That which belongs to the 
 metacarpus and phalanges. 
 
 Metacarpo-Phalangian or Metacarpo-Pha- 
 LANGAL Articulations are formed by the bones 
 of the metacarpus and the corresponding pha- 
 langes. In these articulations, the bony surfaces 
 are incrusted with cartilage, covered by a syno- 
 vial membrane, and kept in connexion by means 
 of an anterior and two lateral ligaments. 
 
 ilETACARPO-PHALANGIEN LATERAL 
 SUS-PALMAIRE,^ ET 3IETACARP0-PHA- 
 LANGIEN LATERAL, Interosseus manus. 
 
 METACAR'PUS, same etymon as Metacar- 
 pal. Metacar'pion, Poslbrachia'le, Postcar'pium, 
 Tarsus mantis, (F.) Metacarpe. The part of the 
 hand comprised between the carpus and fingers. 
 It is composed of five parallel bones, called meta- 
 carpal ; forming the back of the hand, externally, 
 and the palm internally. 
 
 METACERASMA, Cerasma. 
 
 METACHEIRIXIS, Surgery. 
 
 METACHIRISIS, Surgery. 
 
 METACHIRISMUS, Surgery, 
 
 METACHORESIS, Metastasis. 
 
 METACHYSIS, Transfusion. 
 
 METACINEMA, Metastasis. 
 
 METACINESIS, Metastasis. 
 
 METACOXDYLE, see Phalanx. 
 
 METACYE'SIS, from meta, and Kvr/fft;, 'preg- 
 nancy;' Gravid'itas extra- uteri' na secunda'ria. 
 Extra-uterine pregnancy in which the foetus is at 
 first in the uterus, but subsequently in some 
 other place. 
 
 METADERMATO'SIS, from meta, and cipfia, 
 'skin.' A morbid development of the epidermis 
 or epithelium. 
 
 METAGEN'ESIS, (F.) Metagenese, AUern'ate 
 genera' tion, from fina, and yij/to-if, 'generation.', 
 A term, proposed by Professor Owen, to express 
 the changes of form, which one animal species 
 undergoes in a series of successively produced 
 individuals, extending from the one developed 
 from the ovum to that which becomes the imago 
 or last perfected individual. This term he em- 
 ploys in contradistinction to metamorphosis, which 
 he restricts to the changes of form undergone by 
 one and the same individual. See Generation, 
 alternate. 
 
 METAL, 3IetnVJum. From neraWaw, 'I seek 
 after.' A class of simple, combustible bodies ; 
 distinguished from others by considerable specific 
 gravity; a particular splendour; almost total 
 opacity; insolubility in water: and the property 
 they have of ringing when struck. Metals have 
 no effect, except of a mechanical nature, when 
 taken into the stomach ; unless they have already 
 undergone, or undergo in the stomach, oxidation 
 or union with an acid; when, at times, delete- 
 rious compounds may be formed. Copper cents ; 
 half-pence; quicksilver; lead, have frequently 
 been swallowed in the metallic state with im- 
 punity. Tin and mercury are the only metals 
 prescribed for a mechanical effect; the former as 
 an anthelmintic, — the latter, idly enough, in cases 
 of fancied intussusception. 
 
 M:ETAL JDES cloches, Bell-metal. 
 
 METALLAGE, Metabasis. 
 
 METALLAXIS, Metallage. 
 
 METALLIC VOICE, Tintement m^faUiqne. 
 
 METALLODYN'IA, from fttraXXov, 'a metal/ 
 and oSvvrj, 'pain.' Pain owing to the injurious 
 influence of a metal — as lead, quicksilver, &a. 
 
 METALLUM, Metal — m. Hsematopoeticum, 
 ferrum. 
 
 METAMORPH OP'SIA, Phanfasmascop'ia, 
 Phantasmatoscop'ia, from ijcrafiop(j;ooo, (/Jtera and 
 /lopipri, 'form,') 'I transform, and o\pis, 'vision.' 
 Suffu'sio, S. Oeulo'rum seu metamorpJiop' sis seu 
 myo'des, Imagination (Maitre- Jean) ; Crnpsia, 
 Marmar'yge, llarmor'i/ge, Mac'ulcB ante oc'iilog 
 volitan'tes, 3farau'gia, Oe'uli marmarygo'des, 
 Vis'io phanias'matum, Visus dejigura'tus, False 
 sight, (F.) Serine. Aberration of the sense of 
 sight, which transmits the image of imaginary ob- 
 jects. This affection sometimes depends on a 
 slight opacity in the transparent parts of the eye ; 
 the cornea, crystalline, or vitreous humour, wheu 
 
METAMORPHOSIS 
 
 590 
 
 METATHESIS 
 
 it is symptomatic and of no consequence. At 
 other times, it appears to be idiopathic ; and oc- 
 curs particularly in those who have been in the 
 habit of constantly fixing their eyes on very 
 brilliant or small bodies. The objects fancied to 
 be seen are various. They are sometimes circu- 
 lar, perpetually moving ; or shining, or black spots, 
 cobwebs, insects, or pieces of wool — when they 
 are often termed IfitsccB sen Floeei volitan'tes, 
 (F.) Moiiches volantes, and the condition Visus 
 wnsca'rum, Scofom'ata, Snffu'sio ITyo'des, Blyio- 
 deop'sia, llyiodop'sia, 3Ii/odeops{a, Myodeso'pia, 
 Visiin musea'rum. These appea ances sometimes 
 continue for a few days ; being dependent on the 
 state of the nerves of the individual at the time; 
 or they may exist for life, and ultimately impair 
 the sight. Certain of them change their position, 
 and appear to be seated in the humours of the 
 eye, and — it has been supposed — in the vitreous 
 humour more especially: hence the term ento- 
 hy'aloid mtisccB applied to them. 
 
 If the affection be symptomatic, it is of but 
 little moment. If idiopathic, and connected with 
 any excitement of the brain, which is not often 
 the case, attention will have to be paid to that 
 organ. 
 
 METAMORPHOSIS, see Metagenesis. 
 Metamorphosis Ventriculi Gelatiniforsiis, 
 Gastromalaeia. 
 METANGISMOS, Decantation. 
 METAPEDIUM, Metatarsus. 
 METAPHRENON, Dorsum. 
 METAPHYTEIA, Transplantatio. 
 METAPODIUM, Metatarsus. 
 METAPOROPCE'A, 3fetaporopoe'«!i>, from 
 weta, nopoi, 'a pore,' and ttoucv, 'to make.' The 
 change produced in the minute pores, in the ca- 
 pillary extremities of vessels, — when they pass 
 from the morbid to the healthy condition. — Galen. 
 METAPTO'SIS, 3fetaschenatis'mus, 3fetasche- 
 tnnt'i^is. Mutation, change ; from fieraTniTTui, 
 {/jisTa, and vitttui, 'I fall,') 'I digress.' Any 
 change in the form or seat of a disease. Trans- 
 formntion. 
 
 METARRHCE'A, 3retar'rh/sis, from piefa, 
 and ptu, ' I flow.' Reflux. The transfer of a 
 disease from without to within, or from one part 
 to another. 
 
 METARRHYSIS, Metarrhoea. 
 METASCHEMATISIS. Metaptosis. 
 METASCHEMATISMUS, Metaptosis. 
 METAS'TASIS, 3refachore'sis, 3Ictacine'ma, 
 3fetac{ne'sh, from fitQiGTtjixi, (liera, and larripn, ' I 
 place,') ' I change place.' Disj^lace'ment, Trans- 
 lo'tion. A change in the seat of a disease; at- 
 tributed, by the Humorists, to the translation of 
 the morbific matter to a part different from that 
 which it had previously occupied : and by the 
 Solidists, to the displacement of the irritation. 
 It has also been used in the same extensive sense 
 ns Metaptosis. Disputes have often been in- 
 dulged, whether a case of metastasis ought not 
 rather to be esteemed one of extension of the dis- 
 ease. The phenomena of gout and acute rheu- 
 matism are in favour of metastasis occasionally 
 supervening. 
 
 Metastasis Lactis, Galactoplania, Pblegma- 
 tia dnlens. 
 
 METASTAT'IC, 3retastat'icns, (F.) 3masta- 
 V'qne. Belonging or relating to metastasis. A 
 metastatic crisis is one produced by metastasis : — 
 a metastatic affection, one caused by metastasis, 
 &e. See Abscess, metastatic. 
 
 METASYN'CRISIS, from meta, and ffuy-fpivw, 
 (o-iiy. and Kpivbi, 'I choose,' 'I judge.') Recom- 
 pnsi"tion. A word employed by some disciples 
 of Asclepiades. This physician supposed, that 
 all animals are formed by the union or assem- 
 blage of atoms. He designated all bodies by the 
 
 word cvyKpijiara, which signifies 'assemblage. 
 "ZvyKpivta^ai, ' to be assembled,' was, with him' 
 synonymous with 'to exist;' and iiaKptvea^ai, 'to 
 separate,' was, with him, synonymous with 'to 
 dissolve,' ' to cease to exist.' The word 3Ietasyn- 
 crisis was invented to express the recomposition 
 of bodies after their momentary dissolution. 
 Some have rendered the word by the Latin Be- 
 corpora'tio. 
 
 METASYNCRIT'IC, Metafyncrit'icua, Recor- 
 porati'mis. Belonging or relating to metasyncri- 
 sis. A name formerly given to medicines to 
 which was attributed the virtue of producing the 
 metasyncrisis or regeneration of the body, or 
 some of its parts. 
 
 Metasyncritic Cycle meant a determinate 
 series of remedies employed for this purpose. 
 
 METATAR'SAL, 3Ietatar'seus, (F.) 3[etatar- 
 sien. Same etymon as metatarsus. Relating or 
 belonging to the metatarsus. 
 
 Metatarsal Artery, Artere sns-metatarsienne 
 of Chaussier, arises from the Arteria dorsa'lis 
 Tarsi ; passes transversely over the back of the 
 foot; and furnishes, at its convexity, which is 
 anterior, three branches, called A. interos'secp. 
 dorsa'les Pedis. These branches are distributed 
 in the interosseous spaces. 
 
 Metatarsal Articdla'tions are those result- 
 ing from the junction of the metatarsal bones 
 with each other. They are strengthened, behind, 
 by dorsal and lilantar ligaments ; and before, by 
 a transverse metatarsal ligament, which is plantar, 
 and has the greatest analogy to the inferior trans- 
 verse metacarpal ligament. 
 
 Metatarsal Bones, (F.) Os metatarsiens, are 
 five in number, and distinguished by their num- 
 ber; first, second, third, &c., reckoning from the 
 outer side. 
 
 Metatarsal Phalanges are the first pha- 
 langes of the toes; so called because they are 
 united to the metatarsus. 
 
 Metatarsal Row — (F.) Rangie metatarsienne 
 — of the bones of the tarsus, is the second row. 
 or that contiguous to the metatarsus ; compre- 
 hending the cuboides and three cuneiform bones : 
 some add the scaphoides. 
 
 METATARSEUS, see Abductor minimi digiti 
 pedis. 
 
 3IETATARSIEN, Metatarsal. 
 METATARSO - PHALAN ' QIAN, 3Tetatarso. 
 phalaiigia'niis, 3Ietatarso-phalangal. Relating 
 to the metatarsus and phalanges. 
 
 Metatarso-Phalangian or Metatarso-pha- 
 langal Articulations are formed by the bones 
 of the metatarsus and the corresponding pha- 
 langes. They bear the greatest analogy to the 
 metacarpo-phalangian articulations. 
 
 31ETATARS0-PHALANG1EN-LATERAL, 
 see Interossei pedis — in. Sous-phalangien trans- 
 versal du premier ortcil, Transversus pedis. 
 
 METATAR'SUS, 3letatar'sium, 3fetape'dinm, 
 3fetapo'dium, Pracor' dium seu So'lum, pedis, 
 Vestig"ium pedis, (F.) Metatarse, from fitra, 
 'after,' and rapo-of, 'the tarsus.' That part of the 
 foot which is situate between the tarsus and toes, 
 corresponding with the metacarpus. It is com- 
 posed of five parallel bones; one to each toe. 
 Like the metacarpal bones, they are developed 
 from two points of ossification. 
 
 METATH'ESIS, from //etutivV', 't^<^ra, and 
 TiBrjfit, 'to place,') 'I change place.' Transpo- 
 sit"io. An operation, by which a morbific agent 
 is removed from one place to another, where it 
 may produce less disturbance in the exercise of 
 the functions : — as, for example, in the operation 
 of depressing cataract, or when calculus in the 
 urethra is pushed back into the bladder. Also, 
 Derivation. 
 
METATIO 
 
 591 
 
 METRAUXE 
 
 METATIO, Mensuration. 
 
 METATOC'IA, from meta, and tokos, 'birtb.' 
 Parturition in a preternatural manner. Preter- 
 natural labour. 
 
 METATOPTOSIS, Diadexis. 
 
 METENSOMATOSIS, Incorporation. 
 
 METEORISMUS, Sublimation, Tympanites. 
 
 M1STE0F.0L'0GY, Meteorolog"ia, from /xe- 
 Ttiafius, [meta, and aiiDpet,), 'I lift up,') 'a meteor,' 
 and 'Soyas, 'a discourse.' The science, whose ob- 
 ject is a knowledge of the origin, formation, ap- 
 pearance, (fee. of meteors. The state of the at- 
 mosphere has a most important bearing upon 
 the health of animals. Every epidemic affec- 
 tion has its causes seated there. Meteorolo- 
 gical conditions have, hence, ever been attended 
 to by the physician for the purpose of de- 
 tecting the precise character of any particular 
 epidemic influence. The barometer, thermometer, 
 and hj'grometer are the instruments used with 
 this intent — to detect, as well the varying weight 
 or pressure, and the temperature, as the moisture. 
 Perhaps, of the three conditions, the last exerts 
 more influence in the production of disease than 
 either of the others. Our knowledge, however, 
 of this part of physics is e.xtromely limited and 
 unsatisfactory. 
 
 METER, fitrpov, ' a measure.' A suflSx to words 
 denoting ' a measure,' as in Barometer, Plexime- 
 ter, &c. 
 
 METH. A prefix to terms. Same signification 
 as Meta. 
 
 METH.^^IMACHYMIA, Transfusion. 
 
 METH^'MATA; from meth, and 'aifia, 'blood.' 
 The capillary or intermediate system of vessels in 
 which the blood undergoes the change from 
 venous to arterial, and conversely. — Marshall 
 Hall. See Capillary vessels. 
 
 METHE, Temulentia. 
 
 METHBGLIN, Melizomum. 
 
 METIIEMERINUS, Quotidian. 
 
 METHOD, Meth'odns, from vieth, and 'olos, 
 'way.' This word has dilferent acceptations in 
 the sciences. In medicine, curative method, 
 meth'odns meden'di, is the methodical treatment 
 of disease. 
 
 Method op Counting, Method, numerical — m. 
 Mariano's, see Lithotomy. 
 
 Method, Numbr'iCAL, Ifethod of Ohservation 
 or of Coimting, of Louis, (F.) Methods nnmerique, 
 consists in observing every case and every symp- 
 tom of a case numerically, so as to ensure, as far 
 as practicable, accuracy of observation ; and to 
 enable us, by the analysis and collation of such 
 facts, to deduce general laws and conclusions. 
 Also, the -application of numbers to the study of 
 disease. See Statistics, medical. 
 
 METHODE NUMERIQUE, Method, nume- 
 rical. Statistics, medical — m. Perturbatn'ce, Per- 
 turbatrix (Medicina) — m. Stibio-dermiqae, see 
 Unguentum antimonii. 
 
 METHODICS, Methodists. 
 
 METHODIQUES, Methodists. 
 
 METH'ODISTS, Method'ical sect, Method'ics, 
 (F.) Methodiatea, M&thodiqnes. Same etymon. 
 A sect of physicians whose doctrine was in vogue 
 after that of the Empirics and Dogmatists, to- 
 wards the end of the first century. According 
 to the Methodists, of whom Themison was the 
 chief, almost every disease is dependent on con- 
 traction or relaxation — atrictnm or laxum. To 
 these two causes, they added a third — mixed or 
 eomjionnd — to include those affections which par- 
 took of the two characters. The doctrine, me- 
 dici'na method'ica, resembled, in some respects, 
 that of Brown. 
 
 METHODOL'OGY (MEDICAL), Methndo- 
 log"ia Med'ica, from fxedoSoi, ' method,' and Xoyo;, 
 
 ' a discourse.' A word used, by the French more 
 especially, to signify method applied to the study 
 of any science. Medical llefhodology, conse- 
 quently, means method applied to the study of 
 medicine. 
 
 METHODUS CATALEPTICA, see Cataleptic 
 — m. Celsiana, see Lithotomy — m. Curatoria, 
 Therapeutics. 
 
 Methodus Deeivato'ria. The derivative or 
 revellent system of treatment. 
 
 Methodus Endermat'ica seu Enderm'ica, see 
 Endermic — m. Franconiana, see Lithotomy — 
 ra. Guytoniana, see Lithotomy — m. Medendi, 
 Method of cure, Therapeutics. 
 
 METIIOMA'NIA, from /xeBv, ' drunkennes.'!,' 
 and navia, 'mania.' An irresistible desire for in- 
 toxicating substances. Temulentia. 
 
 METHU, see Temulentia, Wine. 
 
 METHYLE, HYDRATED oxide of, Spi- 
 ritus pyroxylicus. 
 
 METHYLENE, BIHYDRATE OF, Spiritus 
 pyroxylicus. 
 
 ME'THYSIS, Temulentia. 
 
 METHYSMUS. Temulentia. 
 
 METHYS'TICUS, from keS;?, 'drunkenness.' 
 That which causes, or pertains to, drunkenness. 
 
 METHYSTOPHYL'LUM GLAUCITM. 
 A South African plant, Nat. Ord. Amyridacete, 
 an infusion of whose leaves is pleasant to the 
 taste, and is used in bronchitis, asthma, and other 
 thoracic diseases. With the Bushmen and others, 
 it is a favourite beverage, and is called by them 
 Boschjesmansthee, 'Bushman's tea.' It is, also, 
 chewed. 
 
 METIS, Hybrid. 
 
 METISSAGE, Crossing. 
 
 MBTODONTI'ASIS, from meta, and oiovnaai;, 
 'dentition.' Faulty development of the teeth. 
 
 METOPAGES, Symphyocephalus. 
 
 METOPANTRA, Frontal sinuses. 
 
 METOPANTRAL'GIA, from /^etuttov (//etu, 
 and wvl/, 'the eye') 'the forehead,' avrpov, 'a ca- 
 vity,' and aXyoj, 'pain.' Pain in the frontal 
 sinuses. 
 
 METOPANTRI'TIS, Inflamma'tio si'nuum 
 fronta'linm, from metopantra, and itia, denoting 
 inflammation. Inflammation of the frontal 
 sinuses. 
 
 METOPION, Bubon galbanum. 
 
 METOPIUM. Mesophryon. 
 
 METOPODYNIA, Neuralgia frontalis. 
 
 METOPON, Front, Frontal bone. 
 
 METOPOS'COPY, Metoposcop'ia, from ijletwt:ov, 
 {utra, and a)\i/, 'the eye,') 'the forehead,' and 
 oKontiv, 'to view.' The art of knowing the tem- 
 perament and character of a person by inspect- 
 ing the traits of his forehead or face. See Phy- 
 siognomy. 
 
 METRA, unrpa. Uterus. 
 
 METR^, Secundines. 
 
 METR^MORRHAGIA, Metrorrhagia. 
 
 METR^MORRHOi'DES, from mctra, and 
 'atixoppoiScs, 'hemorrhoids.' Hemorrhoids or va- 
 ricose veins at the orifice of the uterus. 
 
 METRAL'GIA, Metrodyn'ia, from metra, and 
 uAyof, ' pain.' Pain in the uterus. 
 
 METRAN^'MIA, from metra, and anmmia. 
 An an£Bmic condition of the uterus. 
 
 METRANASTROPHE, Uterus, inversion of 
 the. 
 
 METRANEURYSMUS, Metreurysma. 
 
 METRATRE'SIA, Imperfom' tio u'teri, from 
 metra, and arpi/crfa, ' imperforation.' An unnatu- 
 ral closure of the uterus. 
 
 METRATROPH'IA, from metra, a, ' privative.' 
 and Tfiofri, ' nourishment.' Atrophy or want of 
 development of the uterus. 
 
 METRAUX'E, Hypertroph'ia seu Sarco'sis 
 
METRECTASIA 
 
 592 
 
 METRORRHAGIA 
 
 u'teri, from metra, and av^n, 'increase.' Hyper- 
 trophy of the uterus. 
 
 METRECTA'SIA, from metra, and tKraai;, ' di- 
 latation.' Dilatation of the womb. 
 
 METRELCO'SIS, Metrheleo'ais, from metra, 
 and hXKOi, 'an ulcer.' Ulceration of the uterus. 
 
 METRE MPHRAX'IS, from metra, and 
 qiippaaaw, ' I obstruct.' Obstruction of the womb 
 or of the vessels of the womb — Infarc'lns u'teri. 
 A name under which some authors have con- 
 founded chronic inflammation of that viscus, and 
 the different degenerations to which it is exposed. 
 
 METREMPHYSEMA, Physometra. 
 
 METREN'CHYTA, lletren'cJiijten, from metra, 
 and cyx"'^! 'I inject.' Injection of the uterus. 
 Substances injected into the uterus are called 
 Metren'cliyta. 
 
 METREURYS'MA, iletraneurys'mns, from 
 metra, and rapuf, ' dilated.' A morbid dilatation 
 of the womb. 
 
 METRHELCOSIS, Metrelcosis. 
 
 METRHYMENITIS, see Metritis. 
 
 METRIOPATHI'A, from utrpios, 'tempered,' 
 *nd Tra^of, 'affection.' State of an individual 
 whose passions are temperate. 
 
 METRI'TIS, from metra, and itis, denoting 
 inflammation. Fehris uteri'na, Hyuteri'tis, Em- 
 pres'ma Hysteri'tis, Liflamma'tio U'teri, Metro- 
 phlogo'sis, Inflammation of the Uterus or Womb, 
 (P.) Inflammation de la matrice. The charac- 
 teristic symptoms of this afi"ection are: — pain, 
 swelling, and tenderness in the hypogastric re- 
 gion; with heat, pain, and tenderness of the os 
 uteri J vomiting, smallness, and frequency of 
 pulse. It occurs most frequently after delivery, 
 Lochometri'tis, when there is generally suppres- 
 sion of the lochial discharge. The treatment 
 must be vigorous, — bleeding early, so as to make 
 a decided impression ; followed by a full dose of 
 opium, fomentations, blisters, &o. 
 
 Acute inflammation of the womb, seated in its 
 mteTna].memhTa.ne,Endo-fnetri'tis.3Ietrhi/meni'tis, 
 Enmetri'tis, has been called Inflamma'tio catar- 
 rha'Ua u'teri or Acute catarrh, (F.) Crttarrhe 
 aigu, of that viscus. It is known by the dis- 
 charge of a clear, sir'mgy ^md per vaginam ; pre- 
 ceded by pains, which, from the hypogastric 
 region, shoot to the thighs, groins, &c., with 
 more or less fever. It requires the antiphlogistic 
 treatment. Chronic metritis sometimes succeeds 
 the acute. To it must be referred the indura- 
 tions, observed in the uterus, and many of the 
 leucorrheal discharges to which females are 
 subject. 
 
 Metritis Rhettmatica, Metrorrheuma — m. 
 Septica, Metrocace — m. Venosa, see Phlebitis. 
 
 METROBLENNORRHCE A, Leucorrhoea uteri. 
 
 METROBLENNOZEMIA, Leucorrhoea uteri. 
 
 METROBOTRYTES, Cauliflower excrescence 
 of the uterus. 
 
 METROCACE, Metri'tis sep'tica, from metra, 
 and KaKos, 'evil.' Putrescency or gangrene of 
 the uterus. 
 
 METROCAMPSIS, Hysteroloxia. 
 
 METROCARCINO'MA, Hijsterocarcino'ma, 
 U'teri carcino'ma, Cancer u'teri, from metra, and 
 KapKivoijia, 'cancer.' Cancer of the uterus. 
 
 METRO C AT ARRHUS, Leucorrhoea uteri. 
 
 METROCELE, Hysterocele. 
 
 METROCELIDES, Najvus. 
 
 METROCHOLO'SIS, from metra, and x<>'>^°s> 
 'bile.' Febris puerpera'lis bilio'sa. 
 
 METRODYNIA, Metralgia. 
 
 METROII^'MIA, Hyperme.trohemie, from me- 
 tra, and 'aijia, 'blood.' Hypereemia or cojiges- 
 li(m of blood in the uterus. 
 
 METROHEMORRHAGE, Metrorrhagia. 
 
 METROLEUCORRHCEA, Leucorrhoea uteri. 
 
 METROLOXIA, Hysteroloxia. 
 
 METROMALACOMA. Hysteromalacia. 
 
 METROMALACOSIS, Hysteromalacia. 
 
 METROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 METROMY'ZEUS, from metra, and /id^u, 'I 
 suck.' An exhausting syringe, to be applied tc 
 the OS uteri, for exhausting the womb in cases of 
 amenorrhoea. 
 
 METRONCUS, Hysteroncus. 
 
 METROPARAL'YSIS, from metra, and naga- 
 XuCTif, 'paralysis.' Paralysis of the uterus. 
 
 METROPATHI'A, from mMra, and irados, 'af- 
 fection.' An affection of the womb. 
 
 3IETR 0-PERITONl TE P UER FERAL E, 
 S66 PGritoniti^* 
 
 METROPERITONI'TIS, from metra, and 
 'peritonitis.' Inflamma'tio zi'teri et peritonae'i. 
 Inflammation of the uterus and peritoneum. 
 Puerperal Fever. See Peritonitis. 
 
 METROPHLEBI'TIS, from metra, c^Xei//, <a 
 vein, and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of the veins of the uterus. 
 
 Metrophlebitis Piterperalis, see Phlebitis. 
 
 METROPHLOGOSIS, Metritis. 
 
 METROPHTIirSIS, Phthi'ais uteri'na, from 
 metra, and 09i(o, 'I consume.' Consumption from 
 ulceration of the uterus — Ul'ceru seu Helco'sis 
 u'teri. 
 
 METROPHYMA, Hysteroncus. 
 
 METROPLETHO'RA, 3IetrypercB'mia, from 
 metra, and ■n'krjQupa, 'fulness.' Congestion or hy- 
 peremia of the uterus. 
 
 METROPOL'YPUS, Eys'tero-pol'ypus, Poly- 
 pus U'teri, from metra, and polypus. Polypus 
 of the uterus. 
 
 METROPROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 METROPTOSIS. Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 METRORRIIAG"IA, MetrcBmorrhag"ia, Ila- 
 morrhagia uteri'na seu u'teri, Sanguiflux'us ute- 
 ri'nus, San'guinis stillicid'ium ab U'tero, Fluor 
 uteri'ni san'guinis, Proflu'vium San'guinis ex u'te- 
 ro, Hysterorrhag"ia sanguin'ea, Hysterorrhce'a, 
 Hcemorrhoe'a iiteri'na (of some), Menorrhag"ia 
 (of some), HcBmatome'tra, HcBmatoma'tra, Uterine 
 Hemorrhage, Hemorrhage from the Womb, Metro- 
 hemorrhage, (P.) Hemorrhagie de la Ilatrice, 
 Pertes, Pertes uterines rouges, P. de sang ; from 
 metra, and prjyvvjii, 'I break forth.' An effusion 
 of blood from the inner surface of the uterus, 
 either at the menstrual or other periods ; but in 
 a greater quantity than proper. Uterine hemor- 
 rhage may be caused by those influences which 
 produce hemorrhage in general. It happens, 
 however, more frequently during pregnancy, and 
 during or after delivery, when the vascular .sys- 
 tem of the uterus is so circumstanced as to fa- 
 vour its occurrence more than at other periods. 
 The termination of metrorrhagia is usually fa- 
 vourable. Should it, however, be very copious, 
 or frequently recur; or should it happen to a 
 great extent after delivery, death may take place 
 very speedily ; and, in some cases, wihout the dis- 
 charge being perceptible ; constituting internal 
 hemorrhage. 
 
 Uterine hemorrhage may be active or passive ; 
 requiring obviously a different treatment. The 
 main management is similar to that of hemor- 
 rhage in general ; — the horizontal posture ; acid 
 drinks ; free admission of cool air ; cold applica- 
 tions to the loins, thighs, and abdomen; injection 
 of cold water, even of iced water, into the vagina ; 
 plugging the vagina, so as to prevent the dis- 
 charge ^jer vaginam, and thus induce a coagulum 
 in the mouths of the bleeding vessels. Such will 
 be the special plan adopted where the hemorrhage 
 has occurred in one not recently delivered. In 
 uterine hemorrhage after delivery, the same cool- 
 ing plan must be followed ; but, as the flow of 
 blood is owing to the uterus not contracting so 
 
METROERHEUMA 
 
 593 
 
 MICROPODIA 
 
 as tc constringe its vessels, pressure must be 
 made on the abdomen to aid this ; and, if neces- 
 sary, the hand must be introduced into the uterus 
 to stimulate it to contraction. Should the female 
 be excessively reduced, so as to render the accou- 
 cheur apprehensive that she may expire from loss 
 of blood, brandy may be exhibited. The profuse 
 exhibition of opium in such cases is, at least, a 
 doubtful plan. 
 
 Transfusion has, at times, been practised as a 
 last resource. 
 
 METRORRHBU'MA, Rhenmatis'mns JJ'teri, 
 HysteraVgia rheumat'ica seu catarrha'lii, Metri'- 
 tis rhetimat'ica, (F.) Rhumatisme de I'utirua; 
 from metra, and ^zvjia, 'defluxion,' 'rheumatism.' 
 Rheumatism of the uterus. 
 
 METRORRHEXIS, Uterus, rupture of the. 
 
 METRORRHCE'A, from metra, and ptw, 'I 
 flow.' A protracted discharge of any fluid from 
 the uterus. 
 
 METROSALPINX, Tube, Fallopian. 
 
 METROSCIR'RHUS, Hysteroscir'rlins, Scir- 
 rJius seu Carcino'ma u'teri, from metra, and axio- 
 pus, 'scirrhus.' Scirrhus of the uterus. 
 
 METROSCOLIOMA, Hysteroloxia. 
 
 MET'ROSCOPE, Ifetroscop'ium, from metra, 
 and (TKOTTeii), 'to view.' An instrument, invented 
 by M. Nauche, for listening to the sounds of the 
 heart of the foetus, in utero-gestation, when the 
 sounds and movements are imperceptible through 
 the parietes of the abdomen. The extremity of 
 the instrument — the first notion of which was 
 given to M. Nauche by the stethoscope of Laen- 
 neo — is introduced into the vagina and applied 
 against the neck of the uterus. 
 
 METROSIDEROS GUMMIFERA, see Kino. 
 
 METROSTERE'SIS, from metra, and trrtpjjffis, 
 'privation.' Extirpation of the uterus. Want 
 of uterus. 
 
 METP/^STNIZE'SIS, Hysterosynize'sis, from 
 metra, and cvvii^vm, 'running together.' Morbid 
 union of the uterus to adjacent parts. 
 
 METROTOME, Hysterotomus. 
 
 METROTOMIA, Caisarean section. 
 
 METRYPEREMIA, Metroplethora. 
 
 METRYPERESTHESIS, see Uterus, irritable. 
 
 MEU, Jilthusa meum. 
 
 MEULIERE, Molar. 
 
 MEUM, Jjlthusa meum — m. Anethifnlium, 
 .ffithusa meum — m. Athamanticum, Ethusa 
 meum. 
 
 MEURTRISSURE, Contusion. 
 
 MEVIUM, Syphilis. 
 
 MEZEA. Genital organs. 
 
 MEZEREON, Daphne mezereum. 
 
 MEZEREUM ACETATUM, see Daphne me- 
 zereum. 
 
 MIAMMA, Miasma. 
 
 MIANSIS, Miasma. 
 
 MIARIA, Miasma. 
 
 MIAS'MA, Miasm, fxiaafta, 'a stain,' from fxiai- 
 vo). 'I contaminate.' 3Iiam'ma, Mian'sis, 31ia'ria, 
 Ifias'mns, Inqmnamen'tum, Molyn'sis, Conta'giiim. 
 The word miasm has, by some, been employed 
 synonymously with contagion. It is now used 
 more definitely for any emanation, either from 
 the bodies of the sick, or from animal and vege- 
 table substances, or from the earth, especially in 
 marshy districts, [Marsh poison, Efflu'vium pa- 
 lus'tre, Gas pahia'tre, (F.) Intoxication des Ma- 
 rais,) which may exert a morbid influence on 
 those who are exposed to its action. To these 
 terrestrial emanations — the Koino-mias'mata of 
 Dr. E. Miller, of New York — the Italians give 
 the name aria cattiva, but, more commonly, ma- 
 laria ('bad air') ; a word which has been adopted 
 into other languages. The deleterious effluvia, 
 originating from the decomposition of matter de- 
 38 
 
 rived from the human body, have been called by 
 Dr. Miller, Idioniia-i'mata; the epithets Koi>io 
 and Idio being derived respectively from Kumoi, 
 'common,' and iSioi, 'personal.' Of the miasms 
 which arise either from the animal body or from 
 the most unhealthy situations, we know, chemi- 
 cally, nothing. All that we do know is, that, 
 under such circumstances, emanations take place, 
 capable of causing disease in many of those who 
 are exposed to their action. 
 
 MIASMAT'IC, 3Iiasmat'icns. Belonging or 
 relating to miasmata. Sauvages, in his classifi- 
 cation of diseases according to their etiology, has 
 a class under the name Jforbi miasmat'tci. A 
 fever that arises from marshy miasms, is stj-led 
 mala'riovs, pabi'dal, Helop'yra, Helopyr'etus, &c. 
 
 MIASMUS. Miasma. 
 
 3IIAULANTES, see Convtilsionnaire. 
 
 MICE PANIS, see Triticum. 
 
 MICATIO CORDIS, Svstole. 
 
 MICHE'LIA CHAM'PACA, Chnmpana, Mi- 
 chelia Tsjampaca. Ord. Magnoliaceaj. An Ori- 
 ental tree, much prized for the odour and beauty 
 of its flowers. The oily infusion of the flowers 
 is employed in the Moluccas in headache. 
 
 MICLE'TA. A medicine used by Mesue for 
 arresting hemorrh.nge ; perhaps, according to 
 Siebenhaar, from the Arabic, michiiata, "proved 
 by experience." 
 
 MICOSIS, Fraraboesia. 
 
 MICRANATOMIA, see Anatomy. 
 
 MICRANGIA, Capillary vessels. 
 
 MICREXCEPHALIUM, Cerebellum. 
 
 MICRENCEPHALON, Cretinism. 
 
 MICRENCEPHALUM, Cerebellum. 
 
 MICROCEPHALIA, see Microcephalus. 
 
 MICROCEPH'ALUS, dfikroceph'alus, Micro- 
 cra'nius, from micros, and KtifiaX-q, 'head.' One 
 who has a small head. A monster having a 
 small imperfect head, or a small imperfect cra- 
 nium. The condition is called Microcephalia, 
 Craniosteno'sis. With some it means Idiotism. 
 
 MICROCORIA, Myosis. 
 
 MI'CROCOSM, Microcos'miis, from micros, and 
 KoayLos, 'world.' A little world. Some philoso- 
 phers have given this appellation to man, whom 
 they consider as the epitome of all that is ad- 
 mirable in the world. The world they call Ma'- 
 crocosm. 
 
 MICROCOSMETOR, Vital principle. 
 
 MICROCOSM'ICA MACH'INA. The organ- 
 ism of man. 
 
 MiCROCOSMiCA SciENTiA, Physiology. 
 
 MiCROCosMicuM Sal, with the ancients meant 
 the salts of the urine, — Sal uri'na. 
 
 MICROCOSMOGRAPHIA, Physiology. 
 
 MICROCOUST'IC, Microeus'ticiis, from micros, 
 and aKovui, 'I hear.' This word, as well as Mi- 
 croph'onoiis, from (iiKpog, 'small,' and (jiwvri, 'voice,' 
 means any thing that contributes to increase the 
 intensity of sound — as the speaking trumpet — by 
 collecting the sonorous rays. 
 
 MICROCRANIUS, Microcephalus. 
 
 MICROGLOS'SIA, from micros, and yXwcrcra, 
 'tongue.' Original smallness of tongue. 
 
 MICROLEUCONYMPHEA, Nymphaa alba, 
 
 MICROLOGY, see Microscopy. 
 
 MICROM'ELUS, Hemim' eles, from micros, and 
 jieXoi, 'a limb.' A monster having imperfectly 
 developed extremities. 
 
 MICROMMATUS, Microphthalmus. 
 
 MICROPHONOUS, Microcoustie. 
 
 MICROPHTHAL'MUS, Microm'matus, from 
 micros, and oii^a^fios, 'eye.' One who has small 
 eyes. A monster with two small, or imperfectly 
 developed eyes. A small eye, — Ophthalmid'iutn, 
 Ophthal'miiim. 
 
 MICROPODIA, Micropus. 
 
MICROPROSOPUS 
 
 594 
 
 MILK 
 
 MICROPROSO'PUS, Aproso'piis, from micros, 
 and -npoaiairov, 'face.' A monster in which a part 
 of the face is absent. 
 
 MI'CROPUS, from micros, and ffou;, 'foot.' 
 One who has small feet. The condition is called 
 Micropod'ia. 
 
 MI'CROPYLE, llicrop'i/lnm, from micros, and 
 ttuXt?, 'gate.' An opening in the episperm of 
 seeds, through which the fecundating pollen en- 
 ters the ovule to fecundate it. It has been sup- 
 posed, that such a micropyle exists in the human 
 ovule. 
 
 MIOROR'CHIDES, from micros, and oio^is, 'a 
 testicle.' They who have very small testicles. 
 
 MICROS, fiiKf)oi, 'little,' as in 
 
 MI'CROSCOPY, J/i'c)-o8cop'?'a/ from micros, 
 and (dcoitt;, 'a view.' Observation by the micro- 
 scope; an important agency in the examination 
 nf the healthy and morbid tissues. A description 
 of the results of such observation is Micrny'rn- 
 phy. Micrology is often used with the same sig- 
 nification, and for a treatise on the microscope 
 and the results of microscopy. 
 
 MICROSOMIA, Nanosomia. 
 
 MICROSPHYC'TUS. Same etymon as the 
 next. One who has a small pulse. 
 
 MICROSPHYX'IA, from micros, and ctpvyfuo;, 
 'pulse.' Smallness or weakness of pulse. 
 
 MICROSPORON AUDOUINI, see Porrigo 
 decalvans — m. Furfur, see Chloasma — m. Menta- 
 grophytes, Mentagrophyte. 
 
 MICROS'TOMUS; from micros, and crro/ja, 
 'mouth.' One who has a small mouth. 
 
 MICPtOTE'SIA, Par'tinm orgrmica'rum par'- 
 vitas morho'sa ; from iiiKporijg, 'smallness.' Mor- 
 bid smallness of organic parts. 
 
 MICROTRAPEZIA, Leptotrophia. 
 
 MICROTRICH'IA; from micros, and &pi^, 
 'hair.' Fineness or shortness of hair. 
 
 MICROTROPHIA, Leptotrophia. 
 
 MICTIO, Micturition — m. Cruenta, Hsematu- 
 ria — m. Inopportuna. Enuresis — m. Involuntaria, 
 Enuresis — m. Sansruinea, Htematuria. 
 
 MTCTION, Micturition. 
 
 MICTURIT"ION, Mic'tio, MicUts, Ure'sis, 
 Uri'asis, Omiche'sis, (F.) 3fiction, Action de 
 pisser, from micturio, and mingere, mictuvi, 'I 
 make water.' The act of making water — Uriiin'- 
 tion. Also, morbid frequency of passing the 
 water. 
 
 MICTUS, Micturition — m. Cruentus, Htema- 
 turia. 
 
 MIDRIFF, Diaphragm. 
 
 MIDWIFE, from mi^, 'with,' and pip, 'wife,' 
 or, from mis, 'meed,' 'recompense,' and pip, 
 'wife.' Matro'na, Ohstet'rix, Hyper e'tria, llcea, 
 McBas, McBii'tria. Aces'toris, Aces'tris, Aces'tria, 
 (Sc.) Howdy, (Prov.) Grace-wi/e, Handwoman, 
 Headswnmaii, Howdy-wife, (F.) Snge fe.mme, Ac- 
 CDiicheuse. A female who practises obstetrics. 
 
 MIDWIFERY, Obstetrics. 
 
 3IIEL, Mel — 7)1. d' Acetate de Ciiivre, Linimen- 
 tura feruginis — m. Borate, Mel boracis — m.DepKre, 
 Mel despuraatum — m. Despume, Mel despumatum 
 — m. Medicinal, Mellitum — w. Jflercnriale com- 
 pose, Mellitum de mereuriali compositum. 
 
 MIEUTER. Accoucheur. 
 
 MIGMA, Mistura. 
 
 MIGRAINE, Hemicrania. 
 
 MIGRANA, Hemicrania. 
 
 MIGRATION DU LAiMBEAU, see Flap. 
 
 MIKANIA GUACO, Guaco. 
 
 MIKROCEPHALUS, Microcephalus. 
 
 MIL, Panieum miliaceum. 
 
 MILFOIL. Achillea millefolium. 
 
 MILIAIRE, Miliary, Miliary fever. 
 
 MILIARIA, Miliary fever — m. Sudans, Mi- 
 liary fever — m. Sudatoria, Miliary fever. 
 
 MILIARIS SUDATORIA, Sudor anglicus, S 
 picardicus. 
 
 MIL'IARY, Milia'ris, (F.) Miliaire ; from 
 milium, ' millet.' Resembling millet seed — hence, 
 miliary fever, miliary glands, &c. 
 
 Miliary Fevrr, Em'phlysis milia'ria, Milia'- 
 ris, Miliaria, M. sitdans seu audato'ria, Sudor, 
 S. milia'ris, Pap'ula milia'ris, JExanthe'ma mili- 
 aria, Syn'ocTnis miliaria, Aspre'do milia'cen, 
 Febris milia'ris seu essero'sa seu pnncticula'ris 
 seu culicula'ris "seu vesinda'ris seu lenticulu'ria 
 seu purpura' te rubra et alba milia'ris, Pnr'purn 
 puerpera'rum, P. milia'ris, Pap'ulcB sudo'ris 
 3Iillet seed rash, (F.) Miliaire, Millot, Pourpre 
 blane. Millet. It is so called from the eruption 
 resembling the seed of the milium or millet. 
 Fever, accompanied by an eruption of small, red, 
 isolated pimples, rarely confluent, but almost 
 always very numerous, slightly raised above the 
 skin, and presenting, at the end of 24 hours, a 
 small vesicle filled with a white transparent 
 fluid; which quickly dries up, and separates in 
 the form of scales. Miliary fever is now rare, in 
 consequence of the cooling practice in fevers and 
 other states of the system. It is almost always 
 brought on by external beat, and henc« the pre- 
 vention is obvious. The treatment is simple. It 
 requires merely the antiphlogistic regimen, in 
 ordinary cases. 
 
 Miliary Glands, Sebaceous glands — m. Gran- 
 ulations or Tubercles, see Granulation. 
 
 MILII SEMINA, Panieum Italicum. 
 
 MILIOLUM. Diminutive of m!7))'iH, 'millet.' 
 Cenchrid'ion. A small tumour on the eyelids, 
 resembling, in size, a millet-seed. 
 
 MILITARIS HERBA, Achillea millefolium. 
 
 MIL'ITARY, 3/ilita'rig, from miles, militie,{'F.) 
 3Iilitaire, 'a soldier.' Pertaining to a soldier or 
 an army — as ' 3Iilitary medicine,' Medicina mili- 
 ta'ris, (F.) 3Iedecine militaire ; and Military sur- 
 gery, Cliirur'gicc milita'ris, (F.) Chirurgie mili- 
 taire. Medicine and surgery applicable to the 
 soldier. 
 
 MILIUM, Grutum, Panieum miliaceum, see 
 Hydatid — m. Esculentum, Panieum miliaceum — 
 m. Indicum, Panieum Italicum — m. Panieum, 
 Panieum miliaceum — m. Solis, Lithospermum 
 officinale. 
 
 MILK, Sax. melc, Lac, Gala, Humor lac'teus. 
 Latex ni'vens, (F.) Lait. A fluid secreted by the 
 mammary glands of the females of the mammalia. 
 The skimmed milk of the cow, (F.) Lail de Vache, 
 contains water, caseous matter, traces of butter, 
 sugar of milk, chloride of sodium, phosphate, 
 and acetate of potassa, lactic acid, lactate of iron, 
 and earthy phosphate. The cream is formed of 
 butter, casein, and whey, in which there is sugar 
 of milk and salts. When examined by the micro- 
 scope, milk is seen to contain a large number of 
 particles, of irregular size and shape, varying 
 from T-2 iTTiJ*''^ to j^'i^th of an inch in diameter. 
 They consist of oily matter, surrounded by a 
 delicate pellicle, and are the milk globules. 
 
 Cow's milk is employed for the preparation of 
 cream, butter, cheese, whey, sugar of milk, and 
 frangipane. It is useful in a number of cases of 
 poisoning; either by acting as a demulcent, or 
 by decomposing certain poisons, or by combining 
 with others so as to neutralize them. It is con- 
 stantly employed as aliment, and may be regarded 
 as an emulsion in which butter and casein are 
 found in suspension. AVhen taken into the sto- 
 mach, it is coagulated by the gastric fluids, and 
 the coagulum is digested like any other solid. 
 The watery parts are absorbed. 
 
 Between milk, flour, and blood, there is great 
 similarity of composition. The following table 
 is given by Dr. Robert Dundas Thomson : 
 
MILK 
 
 MOk, Flour, 
 
 ( Fibrin, 
 
 1 Albumen, 
 
 Curd or Casein \ Casein, 
 
 I Gluten, 
 
 Butter Oil. 
 
 5 95 
 
 MILLIMETRE 
 
 Blond. 
 Fibrin, 
 Albumen, 
 Casein, 
 Colouring 
 matter. 
 Fat. 
 
 «"^- {is, V^^-- 
 
 ■ Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Chloride of potassium, 
 
 sodium, 
 
 Phosphate of soda, 
 
 lime, 
 
 magnesia, 
 
 iron, 
 
 From a considerable number of experiments, 
 Messrs. Deyeux and Parmentier class the six 
 kinds of milk, which they examined, according 
 to the following table, as regards the relative 
 quantity of materials they contain. 
 
 Casein. 
 
 Butter. 
 
 Sugar of 
 Milk. 
 
 Serum. 
 
 Goat 
 
 Sheep 
 
 Cow 
 
 Sheep 
 
 Cow 
 
 Goat 
 
 Woman 
 
 Ass 
 
 Mare 
 
 Ass 
 
 Woman 
 
 Mare 
 
 Ass 
 
 Woman 
 
 Mare 
 
 Woman 
 
 Ass 
 Mare 
 
 Cow 
 Goat 
 Sheep 
 
 Cow 
 Goat 
 Sheep 
 
 Milk Abscess, Mastodynia apostematosa. 
 
 Milk, Almond, Emulsio amygdalae. 
 
 Milk and Soda Water. An agreeable mode 
 of taking milk in cases where it lies heavily on 
 the stomach. Heat, nearly to boiling, a teacup- 
 ful of milk : dissolve in it a teaspoonful of sugar, 
 put it into a large tumbler, and pour over it two- 
 thirds of a bottle of soda water. 
 
 Milk, Asses', (F.) Lait d'Anesse, considerably 
 resembles human milk, of which it has the con- 
 sistence, smell, and taste : but it contains a little 
 less cream, and more soft, caseous matter. It is 
 often used by those labouring under pulmonary 
 affections. 
 
 Artificial Asses' Milk may be made by taking 
 gelatin ^ss; dissolving it, by the aid of heat, in 
 barley water Oi.i ; adding refined sugar §j ; pour- 
 ing into the mixture new milk Oj ; and beating 
 the whole with a whisk. 
 
 It may also be prepared by dissolving sugar 
 of milk ^\j in tepid skimmed coic's milk Oj. 
 
 Milk Blotch, Porrigo larvalis — m. Crust, 
 Porrigo larvalis. 
 
 Milk, Ewes', (F.) Lait de Brehis. It affords 
 more cream than cows' milk ; but the butter is 
 softer. The caseum, on the contrary, is fatter, 
 and more viscid. It contains less serum than 
 cow's milk. The Roquefort cheeses are made 
 from it. 
 
 Milk Fever, see Fever, milk — m. Glass, 
 Breast glass — m. Globules, see Milk. 
 
 Milk, Goats', (F.) Lait de Chevre, resembles 
 cows' milk : the butyraceous matter, however, 
 which enters into its composition, is more solid 
 than that of the cow. 
 
 Artficial Goat's Milk may be made by taking 
 fresh suet ^j ; cutting it into small pieces ; tying 
 it in a muslin bag, large enough to leave the 
 morsels free from compression ; and boiling in a 
 quart of cow's milk, sweetened with a quarter of 
 an ounce of white sugar candy. 
 
 Used as a diet in scrofulous cases, and also in 
 phthisis. 
 
 Milk, Green, Colostrum. 
 
 Milk, Human, (F.) Lait de femme, — contains 
 
 more sugar, milk, and cream, and less caseum, 
 than cows' milk. Its composition differs accord- 
 ing to the distance of time from delivery. 
 
 Milk Knot, Galacto-gan'glion ; (F.) Ganglion 
 laiteux. The knots often observed in the breast 
 after inflammation of the organ, or for some time 
 after the suppression of the secretion. They 
 generally end by resolution. 
 
 Milk Leg, Phlegmatia dolens. 
 
 Milk, Males', Sperm. 
 
 Milk, Mares', (F.) Lait de Jument, — contains 
 only a small quantity of fluid butyraceous matter; 
 a little caseum, softer than that of cows' milk, and 
 more serum. 
 
 Milk Scall, Porrigo larvalis. 
 
 Milk Sickness, Sick stomach, Swamp sickness. 
 Tires, Slows, Stiff joints. Puking fever. River 
 sickness. A disease occasionally observed in the 
 States of Alabama, Indiana, and Kentucky, which 
 affects both man and cattle, but chiefly the latter. 
 It is attributed in cattle to something eaten or 
 drunk by them ; and in man to the eating of the 
 flesh of animals labouring under the disease. 
 Owing to the tremors that characterize it in ani- 
 mals, it is called the Trembles. It is endemic. 
 
 The symptoms of the disease are such as are 
 produced by the acro-narcotic class of poisons — 
 vomiting, purging, extreme nervous agitation, 
 <tc. : and the approved indications of treatment 
 appear to be — gentle emetics and laxatives, with 
 quiet, and mucilaginous drinks. 
 
 Milk, Snakes', Euphorbia corollata. 
 
 Milk, Solid'ified. Milk, to which little less 
 than an equal weight of white sugar has been 
 added, evaporated to dryness. When re-dissolved 
 in water, it has all the qualities of fresh milk, 
 with the additional quantity of sugar. 
 
 To milk, evaporated to dryness, MM. Grimaud 
 and Galais have given the names Lactoline and 
 Lacteine. 
 
 Milk Spots, Macidm albas, Strophulus. 
 
 Milk Stone, Morochthus. 
 
 Milk, Sugar of, Sugar of milk. 
 
 Milk of Sulphur, Sulphur pr»cipitatum — m. 
 Sweet, Galium verum. 
 
 Milk Teeth, see Dentition — m. Thrush, Aph- 
 tha — m. Vetch, Astragalus verus — m. Vetch, 
 stemless. Astragalus exscapus — m. Weed, Apocy- 
 num androssemifolium, Asclepias Syriaca, Euphor- 
 bia corollata — m. AVeed, long-leaved, green, 
 Acerates longifolia — m. Weed, smooth, Asclepias 
 Sullivantii — m. Wort, bitter, Polygala amara — 
 m. Wort, common, Polygala — m. Wort, dwarf, 
 Polygala paucifolia — m. Wort, rattlesnake, Poly- 
 gala. 
 
 MILKWOMAN, Nurse, wet. 
 
 MILKY, Lactic. 
 
 MILL MOUNTAIN, Linum catharticum. 
 
 MILLEFEUILLE, Achillea millefolium— ni, 
 Aquatique, Phellandrium aquatieum. 
 
 MILLE-FEUILLET, Omasum. 
 
 MILLEFOLIUM, Achillea millefolium. 
 
 MILLEMORBIA SCROPHULARIA, Scro- 
 phularia nodosa. 
 
 MILLEPEDES, Onisci aselli. 
 
 MILLEPERTUIS ORDINAIRE, Hyperi- 
 cum perforatum. 
 
 MILLET, Aphtha, Miliary fever— m. Barba- 
 does, Panicum Italicum — m. Common, Panicum 
 miliaceum — m. Indian, Panicum Italicum — m. 
 des Oiseaux, Panicum Italicum — m. Ordinaire, 
 Panicum miliaceum. 
 
 MILLET-SEED RASH, Miliary fever. 
 
 MILLIGRAMME, from mille, 'a thousand,' 
 and ypaiifia, 'a. gramme.' The thousandth part 
 of a gramme; — about 0'0154 Troy grain. 
 
 MILLIGRANA, Herniaria glabra. 
 
 3nLLIMETRE, Millim'eter, from mille, 'a 
 thousand,' and iierpov, 'measure.' The thou- 
 
MILLOT 
 
 596 
 
 MISTURA 
 
 sandth part of the metre; — equal to 0-03937 
 English inch, or about two-fifths of a line. 
 
 MILLOT, Miliary fever. 
 
 MILPH^, Madarosis. 
 
 MILPHOSIS, Madarosis. 
 
 MILT, Melt, Spleen. 
 
 MILT-LIKE. An epithet for a form of cancer, 
 characterized by a soft pale growth, containing 
 scarcely any blood ; — so called from its resem- 
 blance to the milt of a fish. 
 
 Milt-Like Tumour, Encephaloid. 
 
 MILTUS, Plumbi oxydum rubrum. 
 
 MILTWASTE, Asplenium. 
 
 MIMOSA CATECHU, Catechu — m. Cochlia- 
 carpa, see Cortex adstringens Brasiliensis — m. 
 Leucophlea, see Spirit (Arrack) — m. Nilotica, see 
 Acacise gummi — m. Scandens, Cachang-parang 
 — m. Senegal, see Senegal, gum— m. Yirginalis, 
 see Cortex adstringens Brasiliensis. 
 
 MIND, ABSENCE OF, Aphelxia socors— m. 
 Abstraction of, Aphelxia intenta — m. Unsound, 
 Insanity. 
 
 MINERALIUM, Antimoniura. 
 
 MINER'S ELBOW. An enlargement of a 
 bursa over the olecranon, occurring in such as 
 are in the habit of leaning much upon it; and, 
 therefore, often seen in those who work on the 
 side in low-roofed mines. 
 
 MIN'IM, 3Iin'imum, 'the least part or portion.' 
 The 60th part of a fluidracTim. This measure 
 has been introduced by the London College of 
 Physicians, in consequence of the uncertainty of 
 the size of the drop, (see Gutta.) The subdivision 
 of the wine pint has, accordingly, been extended 
 to the 60th part of the fluidrachm; and glass 
 measures, called "minim-measures," have been 
 adopted by the London College. The proportion 
 between the minims and the drops of various 
 fluid preparations is exhibited in the following 
 table. The results were obtained by Mr. Durand, 
 a skilful j)^ormacien of Philadelphia, under cir- 
 cumstances, as regards the different articles, as 
 nearly identical as possible. 
 
 Table of the Number of Drops of different 
 Liquids equivalent to a Fluidrachm. 
 
 Acid Acetic, crystallizable 120 
 
 Acid Hydrocyanic (medicinal) 45 
 
 Muriatic 64 
 
 Nitric 84 
 
 diluted (1 to 7) 51 
 
 Sulphuric 90 
 
 aromatic 120 
 
 diluted (1 to 7) 51 
 
 Alcohol (rectified Spirit) 138 
 
 Alcohol, diluted (proof Spirit) 120 
 
 Arsenite of Potassa, solution of 57 
 
 Ether, Sulphuric 150 
 
 OiLs of Aniseed, Cinnamon, Cloves, Pepper- 
 mint, Sweet Almonds, Olives 120 
 
 Tinctures of Asafoetida, Foxglove, Guaiac, 
 
 Opium 120 
 
 Tincture of Chloride of Iron 132 
 
 Vinegar, distilled 78 
 
 of Colchicum 78 
 
 of Opium (black drop) 78 
 
 of Squill 78 
 
 Water, distilled 45 
 
 Water of Ammonia (strong) 54 
 
 Do. do. (weak) 45 
 
 Wine (TenerifFe) 78 
 
 Antimonial 72 
 
 of Colchicum 75 
 
 of Opium 78 
 
 MINIM'ETEE, ; badly compounded from mi- 
 t\imum and jitrpov, ' measure.' An instrument for 
 measuring minims, invented by Mr. Alsop. It 
 consists of a glass tube, graduated from the coni- 
 
 Minim measure. 
 Horse, Monarda 
 
 cal point into minims ; and having a piston, by 
 the elevation of which, fluid may be drawn into 
 the tube, and by its depression be forced from it. 
 
 MINIM MEASURE. A 
 measure for the divisions of a 
 fluidrachm. 
 
 MINIMUM, Minim. 
 MINISTER GYMNASTS, 
 Psedotribes. 
 
 MINITHOSIS, Meiosis. 
 MINIUM, Plumbi oxydum 
 rubrum — m. Greecorum, Hy- 
 drargyri sulphuretum rubrum 
 — m. Purum, Hydrargyri sul- 
 phuretum rubrum. 
 
 MINOR HEL'ICIS. A 
 muscle situate on the posterior 
 border of the helix of the ear, 
 at its commencement in the 
 fossa of the concha. 
 
 MINORATIVUS, Laxative. 
 MINT, COCK, Tanacetum 
 balsamita — m. Curled, Mentha 
 crispa — m. Cat, Nepeta- 
 coccinea and M. punctata — m. Horse, hairy, Ble- 
 philia hirsuta — m. Horse, Ohio, Blephilia hirsuta 
 — m. Horse, sweet, Cunila Mariana— m. Hyssop- 
 leaved, Mentha cervina. 
 
 Mint Julep. A drink, consisting of brandy, 
 sugar, and pounded ice, flavoured by sprigs of 
 mint. It is an agreeable alcoholic excitant. 
 
 Mint, Mountain, Monarda eoccinea — m. Moun- 
 tain, common, Pycnanthemum incanum — m. Pep- 
 per, Mentha piperita — m. Spear, Mentha viridis 
 — m. Squaw, Hedeoma — m. Stone, Cunila Mari- 
 ana. 
 
 Mint Tea, Infusum Menthas viridis. 
 Mint, Water, Mentha aquatica. 
 MINTHA, Mint. 
 MINUTHESIS, Meiosis. 
 MINYANTHES, Menyanthes. 
 MIOSIS, Meiosis. 
 MIRLES, Rubeola. 
 MIROCELE, Merocele. 
 MIRROT, Daucus Carota. 
 MISADIR, AmmoniEe murias. 
 MISANTHRO'PIA, 3fisan'thro]3i/. ExantTiro'- 
 pia, Physnnthro' pia, from fxiaos, ' hatred,' and 
 ai'^Jpuiroj, 'man.' Aversion to man and society: — 
 a symptom of melnncholv, and hypochondriasis. 
 MISCARRIAGE, Abortion. 
 MISERERE MEI, Hens. 
 MISHME TEETA, Coptis teeta. 
 MISMAR, 3Iesemar. A name given by Avi- 
 cenna to a kind of nodus, which forms on the 
 toes as the sequel of contusion or inflammation 
 of those parts. 
 
 MISOPTO'CHUS, from ^itros, 'hatred,' and 
 TTui'xoi, 'poor.' That which has hatred for the 
 poor. The gout has been so called by some, be- 
 cause it commonly affects the rich. 
 MISSADAN, Hydrargyrum. 
 MISSIO SANGUINIS, Blood-lettingr. 
 MISSISSIP'PI, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Cooper's Well, in Hinds County, four miles from 
 Raymond, and thirteen from Jackson, is a sul- 
 phuretted saline, the chief constituents being the 
 sulphates of soda and magnesia. Of the solid in- 
 gredients upwards of 3 per cent, are of peroxide 
 of iron. The waters are chiefly used in chronic 
 gastro-enteric afi"ections. Ocean Springs, in Jack- 
 son County, is an acidulo-sulphureous chalybeate. 
 MISTIO, Mistura. 
 
 MISTLETOE, Viscum album — m. Yellowish, 
 Viscum flavescens. 
 
 MISTU'RA, /ii^is, Pi-opotisma, Migma, Mis'tio, 
 3Iix'tto, 3Iixtu'ra, Mixture; (F.) Potion, from 
 tniscere, mixtiim, ' to mix.' A mingled compound, 
 in which different ingredients are contained in 
 
MISTURA 
 
 597 
 
 MITRAL 
 
 the fluid state ; suspended or not by means of 
 mucilaginous or saccharine matter. In this sense, 
 it is synonymous with the French Potion. In 
 France, however, the word mixture is more fre- 
 quently understood to mean a liquid medicine, 
 which contains very active substances, and can 
 only be administered by drops. A mixture, in 
 other words, in the French sense, may be regarded 
 as a. potion deprived of watery vehicle. 
 
 MISTURA, (S.) A fragrant yellow-coloured 
 water, used as a perfume by the ladies of Peru. 
 It is prepared from gillyflower, jasmine, and /?o)- 
 de mistela (Talinum umbellatum). See Campo- 
 manesia lineatifolia. 
 
 MiSTDRA Acacia, Mucilago Acaciae. 
 
 MiSTURA Ac"iDi Hydrocyan'ici, Mixture of 
 Prussic acid, Melange pectoral (Magendie). {Me- 
 dicinal prussic acid, ^j, distilled water, ^xiv, 
 p)ure sugar, ^iss.) A dessert-spoonful every 
 morning and evening, as a pectoral, &c. 
 
 MlSTURA Ammoni'aci, Lac ammoniaci, Mixture 
 of ammo' niac. {Ammoidac. ^ij, aqua Oss. Rub 
 the ammoniacum : adding the water gradually un- 
 til they are perfectly mixed. Ph. U. S.) Dose, 
 fgss to gj. 
 
 MlSTURA AmtgdaltE, Emulsio amygdalse. 
 
 MiSTURA Asafce'tiDjE, Lac asafoetidm, Emul- 
 sio antihyster'ica. Mixture of asafcetida, (F.) Lait 
 d'asafcetida. [Assafcetidce 3U; aqiicB Oss. Rub 
 together, adding the water bj' degrees. Ph. U. 
 S.) Used where pills cannot be swallowed, and 
 as a glyster in irritations during dentition, and 
 in ascarides. Dose, f,^ss to f^iss. 
 
 MlSTURA Asafcetida pro Clysmate, Enema 
 foetidum. 
 
 MlSTURA Cam'phorje, Aqua campliorm (Ph. U. 
 S.), Camphor mixture or julep, Mistura camjyho- 
 Tu'ia, Jula']pium e campliord sen camphoratum, 
 (F.) Julep camphre. {Camphor. Jij, alcohol. Tr\^xl, 
 mngnes. curb. ^\.\', aqucB Oij. Rub the camphor 
 with the alcohol, and afterwards with the mag- 
 nesia, add the water, and filter. Ph. U. S.) 
 Virtues like those of camphor. See Emulsio 
 camphorse. 
 
 MlSTURA Cornu Usti, Decoc'tum. eornucervi'ni 
 seu album, Decoction of burnt hartshorn, Mixture 
 of burnt hartshorn. {Cornunm ust. ^ij, acacia 
 qum. cont. ^j, aqum Oiij. Boil to Oij, constantly 
 stirring, and strain. Ph. L.) 
 
 Mistura Creaso'ti, Cre'asote mixture. {Crea- 
 sot., Acid, acetic, aa TT^xvj, Sp. Janipi. comp., Sy- 
 rup., aa f ,^j ; AqucB f^xiv. Mix the creasote and 
 the acid; add gradually the water, and then the 
 syrup and spirit. Ph. E.) A fluidounce con- 
 tains a minim of creasote. 
 
 MiSTUEA Crrta, Potio carbona'tis calcis, Mis- 
 tura creta'cea, Ifneila'go eret'ica, Chalk or Creta'- 
 ceous mixture. Chalk julep), (P.) Mixture de Craie. 
 {Cret(B pp. ^ss, sacchar., acacia gum. in pulv., 
 aa 3U> aqucB cinnam., aquce, aa f .^i^- Mix. Ph. 
 U.S.) Antacid and absorbent. Dose, f^^j to f^ij. 
 
 Mistura Diabol'ica. A mixture under this 
 name is kept in military hospitals for malin- 
 gerers. It is made of sundry nauseous ingre- 
 dients, as aloes, asafcetida, castor, &c., and is 
 given so as to keep up a disagreeable impression 
 on the gustatory nerves. 
 
 Mistura Emeti'n^ Vomito'ria, Emetic mix- 
 ture of emetine. (Emetine 4 gr., orange flower 
 water ^ij, syrup ^S3; M.) A dessert-spoonful 
 every half hour till it acts. 
 
 Mistura Frrri Compos'ita, Compound mix- 
 lure of iron, (F.) Blixture de fer cornposee, Grif- 
 fith's mixture. {Myrrh, cont., 3J> potasscB carb. 
 gr. XXV, aqum roses f^viiss, /ej-rj sidph. in pulv., 
 ^j, sp. lavand. ,^ss, sacchar. 7,]. Rub together 
 the myrrh, subearbonate of potassa, and sugar; 
 then add, while triturating, the rose-water, spirit 
 of nutmeg J and, lastly, the sulphate of iron. 
 
 Pour the mixture directly into a glass bottle, and 
 stop it close. Ph. U. S.) It is tonic and emme- 
 nagogue, and is useful wherever iron is indicated. 
 
 Mistura Glycyrriii'z^ Compos'ita, Com- 
 pound mixture of Liq'norice, Broion Mixture, 
 {Extract. Glycyrrhiz. pulv., Acacia pulv., Sac- 
 char., aa 3SS,- Tinct. ojjii camphorat. f^^ij ; Vin- 
 airtimon. f^j ; Spirit, ather. nitric, f ,^ss ; Aqua 
 f ,5xij. Rub the liquorice, gum arable, and sugnr 
 with the water, gradually poured upon them ; 
 add the other ingredients and mix. Ph. U. S.) 
 A popular cough medicine, but not deserving of 
 being made officinal. Dose, a tablespoonful or 
 fgss. 
 
 Mistura Guai'aci, Ifixfure of guai'ac, Lac 
 guaiaci, Emul'sio guaiaci'na, Mistura guaiaci 
 gummo'sa seu gummi gua'iaci Ber'geri, Solu'tio 
 guaiaci gummo'sa seu resi'na guaiaci aquo'sa, 
 (F.) Mixture de Guyac. (Guaiae. g. resin. ^\ss, 
 sacch. pur. ^ij, muc. acacia gum. ^Ij, aq. cinnam. 
 f ^viij. Rub the guaiaoum with ttie sugar; then 
 with the mucilage. Add, gradually, the cinna- 
 mon water. Ph. L.) Dose, f.^ss to f.^ij. 
 
 Mistura Gummi Guaiaci Bergeri, Mistura 
 Guaiaci — m. Hordei, Decoctum Hordei composi- 
 tum — m. Leniens, Looch ex ovo. 
 
 Mistura Moschi, 3L moscha'ta. Musk mixture. 
 {Moschi, acacia gum. eontus., sacch. pnrif., sing. 
 3Jj aq. rosa f^^'J- T^uh the musk with the 
 sugar; add the gum, and, by degrees, the rose- 
 water. Ph. L.) Dose, f^^ss to f ^ij. 
 
 Mistura Scammo'nii, Scam'mony Mixture. 
 Scammon. gr. vij, Lactis f^iij. Triturate to form 
 an emulsion. Ph. E.) The whole is a cathartio 
 dose. 
 
 Mistura Spir'itus Vini Gall'ici, Brandy 3fix- 
 ture. {Sp. Vin. Gallic, Aq. cinnam. aa f.^iv; 
 Yitel. ovo. i j ; Sacchar. ^ss; 01. cinnam. Tt^, ij. 
 M. Ph. L.) An excitant draught for the low 
 stages of fever. 
 
 Mistura Strych'nia, Mixture of strych'nia. 
 {Distilled neater, _^ij, very pure strychnia, 1 gr., 
 ivhite sugar, "^ly, M..] Dose, a dessert-spoonful. 
 
 Mistura Sulphurico-acida, Elixir acidum 
 Halleri — m. Vulneraria aeida, Arquebusade, 
 Eau d'. 
 
 MITCHEL'LA REPENS, Partridge berry. A 
 pretty little indigenous trailing evergreen, of the 
 Cinchona family — Cinchonace*, — which flowers 
 from June to July. It has been considered an 
 expectorant, emmenagogue, and diuretic; and has 
 been prescribed in dropsy and gout. 
 
 MITELLA, Sling. 
 
 MITH'RIDATE, Mithrida'tittm, Mithridat'- 
 icum medicamen' turn, Antid'otum Mithrida'tium, 
 Dia-scin'ci anlid'otus, Oonfec'tio Danioc'ratis. A 
 very compound electuary, into which entered — 
 Myrrh of Arabia, Saffron, Agaric, Ginger, Cinna- 
 mon, Frankincense, Garlic, Mustard, Birthwort, 
 Galbanum, Castor, Long pepper, Opoponax, Bdel- 
 lium, Gum. Arabic, Opium, Gentian, Orris, Saga- 
 penum, Valerian, Acacia, Hypericum, Canary 
 wine, Honey, &e. It was invented by Mithrida- 
 tes, king of Pontus and Bithynia, and was for- 
 merly regarded as alexipharmic. It is little used 
 at the present day, and, from its heterogeneous 
 nature, should be wholly abandoned. 
 
 MITHRIDATICUM MEDICAMENTUM, Mi- 
 thridate. 
 
 MITIGANS, Lenitive. 
 
 MITRA HIPPOCRATICA, Bonnet d'Hippo- 
 crate. 
 
 MITRAL, Ifitra'lis, from nirprj, mifra, 'a 
 headdress.' Having the form of a mitre ; resem- 
 bling a bishop's mitre. 
 
 Mitral Regurgitation, see Regurgitation. 
 
 Mitral Valves, Val'vula mitra'les seu Cordis 
 mitra'les seu episcopa'les seu bicuspida'^es seu 
 bicusptida'tcB. Two triangular valves at the open- 
 
MURIUM 
 
 5 9 8 MOFFAT, MINERAL WATERS OF 
 
 ing of communication between the left auricle of 
 the heart and the corresponding ventricle. These 
 A'alves are formed by the inner membrane of the 
 left cavities of the heart; and are retained on the 
 side of the ventricle by tendinous cords, proceed- 
 ing from the columnse carneae. They form a spe- 
 cies of valve, which permit the blood to pass from 
 the auricle into the ventricle and oppose its return. 
 
 MURIUM, Sling. 
 
 3JITTE (F.), Efflii'vium Latrina'riiim. An 
 emanation exhaled from privies, which strongly 
 irritates the eyes. It consists of ammonia, united 
 to the carbonic and hydro-sulphuric acids. 
 
 MIU AMARU, see Arrow poison. 
 
 MIVA, Marmelade. 
 
 MIXIS, Coition, Mistura. 
 
 MIXTIO, Mistura. 
 
 MIXTURA, Mistura. 
 
 MIXTURE, Mistura— m. Almond, Emulsio 
 Amygdalas — m. of Ammoniac, Mistura ammoniac! 
 — m. of Asafoetida, Mistura asafoetidse. 
 
 Mixture, Brandt, Mistura spiritus vini 
 Gallici — m. Brown, Mistura glycyrrhizse compo- 
 sita — m. Calmante, Looch ex ovo. 
 
 Mixture, Camphor, Mistura camphorse — m. 
 Chalk, Mistura cretse. 
 
 3IIXTVBE DE CRAIE, Mistura cretse — m. 
 of Creasote, Mistura creasoti. 
 
 Mixture, Cretaceous, Mistura cretse. 
 
 Mixture of Emetine, (emetic) Mistura eme- 
 tinse vomitoria — m. de Fer composee, Mistura ferri 
 composita — m. de Gayac, Mistura Guaiaci. 
 
 Mixture, Griffith's, Mistura ferri composita. 
 
 Mixture of Guaiac, Mistura Guaiaci — m. of 
 Gum Arabic, see Emulsio Acaciae — m. of Harts- 
 horn, burnt, Mistura cornu usti — m. of Iron, com- 
 pound, Mistura ferri composita. 
 
 Mixture, Hope's. A mixture recommended 
 by Mr. Hope in diarrhoea and dysentery. It is 
 essentially a nitrate of morphia. Although the 
 proposer employed the acidum nitrosum of the 
 Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia, nitric acid is gene- 
 rally used. {Acid, nitros. f^j; AqucB camphor. 
 f gviij ; Tinct. opii gtt. xl. ; M.) Dose, a fourth 
 part every three or four hours. 
 
 Mixture op Liquorice, Compound, Mistura 
 glycyrrhizse composita — m. Lithontriptique de 
 Durande, see Liquor anodynus terebinthinatus — 
 m. of Marsh mallows, Decoctum althaae. 
 
 Mixture, Musk, Mistura moschi — m. Xeutral, 
 Liquor potassse citratis — m. of Prussic acid, Mis- 
 tura acidi hydrocyanici. 
 
 Mixture op Scammony, Mistura scammonii. 
 
 Mixture, Scudamore's. A mixture recom- 
 mended by Sir C. Scudamore in gouty and rheu- 
 matic affections, and much prescribed in the 
 United States. 3fagnes. sulp^i. ^j — ^iy, Aquas 
 menthcE i'^Ti \ Aceti eoJcMc. f^j — fSiss; Syrup 
 croci f^j ; Magnes. Qviij, M. Dose, one, two, or 
 three tablespoonfuls, repeated every two hours in 
 a paroxysm of gout, until from four to six evacu- 
 ations are produced in the twenty-four hours. 
 
 Mixture of Strychnia, Mistura stryehnise — 
 m. de Whitt, see Liquor anodynus terebinthi- 
 natus. _ 
 
 MXEME, Memory. 
 
 Mneme Cephal'icum Bal'samum. A very 
 compound medicine, into which entered Balm, 
 Lily, Rosemary, Lavender, Borage, Broom, Roses, 
 Violet, Saffron. Thyme, Stora.x, Galbanum, &0. 
 
 MXEMOXEUTICE, Mnemonics. 
 
 MXEMOX'ICS, Mnemon'ice, Jfnemoneu'tice, 
 Ilnemotechne, (fivrj/jr), 'memory;' fivriiioviKoq, 'ap- 
 pertaining to memory,') from fivaoiiai, 'I recol- 
 lect.' The art of aiding the memory; and of 
 forming, in some sort, an artificial memory. 
 
 MXEMOTECHNB, Mnemonics. 
 
 MOANING, from Sax. msenan, 'to grieve.' 
 Respira'tio luctuo'sa, Mychthis'mos. A plaintive 
 
 respiration, in which the patient utters audible 
 groans, — moans, (E.) Gemissemejits. 
 
 MOBILE, see Saint Augustine. 
 
 MOBIL'ITY, Jfobiritas, from moVilis, contrac- 
 tion of movihilis, ' that can be moved.' The power 
 of being moved. In physiology, great nervous 
 susceptibility, often joined to a disposition to con- 
 vulsion. Greatly developed excitability. 
 
 MOCCASIN FLOWER, Cypripedium acaule, 
 C. luteum — m. Plant, Cypripedium luteum. 
 
 MOCH'LIA. Reduction of a luxated bone; 
 from fioyi^us, a lever. 
 
 MOCHLICUS, Purgative. 
 
 MOCHLISCUS, Lever. 
 
 MOCHLUS, Lever. 
 
 MOCHTHUS, Agony. 
 
 MOCK-KNEES, Crusta genu equina?. 
 
 MOD'ELLING PROCESS. A term proposed 
 by Dr. Macartney, of Dublin, to signify the mode 
 in which wounds are healed without inflamma- 
 tion or suppuration, by a deposit of plastic 
 matter from the surface of the wound, by ■which 
 the gap is more rapidly filled, — portion being laid 
 upon portion, without waste, after the manner of 
 clay in the hands of the sculptor; — hence the 
 term. 
 
 MODI'OLUS, 'the nave of a wheel.' Pyr'a- 
 mis seu Axis seu Colnviel'la coch'lecB. A hollow 
 cone in the cochlea of the ear, forming a nucleus, 
 axis, or central pillar, round which the gyri of 
 the cochlea pass. The modiolus forms the inner 
 and larger portion of the central pillar, and is the 
 cavity seen at the bottom of the meatus audito- 
 rius internus. It lodges a branch of the auditory 
 nerve. The central portion of the modiolus con- 
 tains a number of minute canals, and is called in 
 consequence Tractus spira'lis foraminulo'siis. 
 Into these the nerves of the cochlea enter, and 
 pass out at right angles between the bony plates 
 forming the zona ossea of the lamina spiralis, to 
 be expanded on the membranous portion of the 
 lamina. 
 
 Modiolus, 3Ias, also means the crown of the 
 trepan. 
 
 MODIRA CANIRAM, Strychnos eolubrina. 
 
 MO'DIUS. A dry measure, the third of an 
 amphora, equal to the bushel. — Yarro. 
 
 MODUS OPERAN'DL 'mode of operating.' 
 This term is applied to the general principles 
 upon which remedies act in morbid states of the 
 body; — a subject of much interest, although in- 
 volved in considerable obscurity. 
 
 The following classification will convey some 
 idea of the ways in which different organs may 
 be excited into action. 
 
 1. By actual or immediate contact of the remedy, and 
 
 by absorption or mediate contact. 
 
 2. By an impulse conveyed by the nerves, through an 
 
 impression made on the stomach or el.«ewhere. 
 
 3. By contiguous or continuous sympathy, or by mere 
 
 proximity or continuity of parts. 
 
 MOELLE, Marrow — m. Allongee, Medulla ob- 
 longata — m. Epiniere, Medulla spinalis — m. Yer- 
 tebrale. Medulla spinalis. 
 
 MCENIA DENTIUM, Alveoli dentium. 
 
 MCEROR, Athymia. 
 
 MOFETTE. Azote, see Mephitism. 
 
 MOFFAT, MINERAL WATERS OF. Moffat 
 is a village situate about 56 miles S. W. of Edin- 
 burgh. The water is a cold sulphureous; con- 
 taining, in a wine gallon, .36 grains of chloride of 
 sodium, 5 cubic inches of carbonic acid, 4 of azote, 
 and 10 of sulphohydrie acid. It resembles Har- 
 rowgate water in its properties. 
 
 A strong chalybeate spring was discovered 
 there about the year 1S28, which contains sesqui- 
 sulphate of peroxide of iron, sulphate of alumina, 
 and uncombined sulphuric acid. 
 
MOGIGRAPHIA 
 
 599 
 
 MOLLITIES 
 
 MOGIGRAPHIA, Cramp, writers'. - 
 
 MOGILA'LIA, Parahi'lia, from iioyi;, 'with 
 difi5culty,' and \a\uv, ' to speak.' Tbis word is 
 inaccurately written b}' Paul Zacchias, — Blula'Ua, 
 and MidiWlia. Difficult or defective articulation. 
 Impediment of speech. See Balbuties. 
 
 MOGOSTOCIA, Dystocia, Laborious labour. 
 
 MOGUS, Agony. 
 
 MOHAWK TASSEL, Eupatorium purpureum. 
 
 MOHRIA THURIF'RAGA. A South African 
 fern, Nat. Ord. Filioes, the dry leaves of which, 
 jiulverized and made into an ointment with fat, 
 are serviceable in burns and scalds. 
 
 MOIGNOiV, Stump. 
 
 MQIS, Menses. 
 
 MOISTURE, Mador. (F.) IMtem; anciently 
 mnistear. Simple humidity of the skin. The skin 
 is said to be moist or in a state of moisture, when 
 there is slight perspiration. 
 
 MOiTEUR, Moisture. 
 
 MOLA, Maxillary bone. Molar tooth, Mole, 
 Patella. 
 
 MOLAGOCODI, Piper nigrum. 
 
 MOLAIRE, Molar. 
 
 MOLALIA, Mogilalia. 
 
 MOLAR, Mola'ris, Mj/' liens, (F.) 3foIaire, Meu- 
 lih-e. That which bruises or grinds; from mola- 
 ris, 'a grindstone,' or mola, 'a millstone,' {molo, 
 ' I grind.') 
 
 Molar Glands. Two small bodies formed by 
 a collection of mucous crypts; seated in the sub- 
 Stance of the cheeks, between the mnssefer and 
 buccinator muscles, and whose excretory ducts 
 open into the mouth opposite the last molar tooth. 
 
 Molar Teeth, Grinders, Jaw Teeth, Mnla'ree 
 permanen' tes denies, Denies molares seu niaxilla'- 
 res seu (jom'phii seu clava'Ies, Molm, Gomphioi, 
 My'lacri, Mylodontes, ihj'lodi, 3!omis'ci, Lag- 
 teeth, Wall teeth, (Prov.) Azzle teeth. Axle teeth, 
 Cheek teeth, Wang teeth, (F.) Dents molaires ou 
 mdchelieres, occupy the farther part of each al- 
 veolar arch. Their coronffi are broader than they 
 are high : unequal; tuberculated ; and the roots 
 are more or less subdivided. They are 20 in 
 number, 10 in each jaw. The first two pairs of 
 molar teeth in each jaw have been called lessei- 
 molares, premo'lar or bictispid, Denies bicnspi- 
 da'ti seu bncea'les. The eoronse have two tuber- 
 cles ; the outer being more prominent and larger 
 than the inner. The root is commonly simple ; 
 sometimes bifurcated. The other three pairs 
 have been termed. Great molares — Denies midti- 
 cnspidees (Ch.) Their coronse are cubical, 
 rounded, and have, at the upper surface, four or 
 five tubercles, separated by deep furrows. The 
 root is divided into two, three, four, and ^vb fangs, 
 which are more or less curved. The third great 
 molaris appears a long time after the others, and 
 hence has been called Dens sapiien'ticB or Wisdom 
 tooth. 
 
 MOLASSES, Melasses. 
 
 MOLE, Mola, from moles, 'mass.' Myle, Ze- 
 phyr' ins foetus, Germen falsum, Pseudocye'sis mo- 
 laris, Gravid'itas molaris. Mooncalf, old French, 
 Fardeau. A fleshy, insensible, at times, soft — at 
 others, hard — mass ; of variable and determinate 
 size, which forms in the uterus, and is slightly 
 united by vessels to that organ ; from which its 
 feeble vitality is derived. It has been conceived 
 by some to be always owing to imperfect concep- 
 tion ; but moles may form in the undoubted vir- 
 gin. They seem to be owing to a morbid pro- 
 cess ; and certainly are generally connected with 
 conception. At times, they contain parts of the 
 foetus: hut commonly do not. At very different 
 periods, in different women, the diseased mass is 
 expelled from the uterus, with ordinary symp- 
 toms of abortion ; ana the case requires similar 
 
 management. See, also, Naevus, and Conception, 
 (false.) 
 
 MOLE PLANT, Euphorbia lathyris. 
 
 MOLECULAR, Molecula'ris. Of or belong, 
 ing to molecules or minute portions of any thing. 
 Hence molecular death, in contradistinction to 
 somatic death. 
 
 MOL'ECULE, 3folec'ula, 3fass'tda,- diminu- 
 tive oi moles, 'a mass.' A minute portion of any 
 body. Also, the cicairic'ula, nia'cula, galhitn'rci, 
 gelat'inous molecule, tread of the cock, or embryo 
 part of the impregnated ovum, observable by the 
 microscope before the ovum has left the ovarium 
 of the hen. It lies under the epidermic coals of 
 the yelk, and upon its proper coat. If the ovum, 
 according to Valentin, be lacerated and its con- 
 tents minutely examined, the cicatricula is found 
 like a. grayish white disk, which in its whole pe- 
 riphery is dense, granulous, and opake; but in 
 the centre presents a clear, nongranulous, and 
 perfectly diaphanous point. Purkinje found, that 
 when he removed the dark granulous mass by 
 suction with a small tube, there remained a per- 
 fectly transparent vesicle filled with a pellucid 
 lymph, which had a decidedly spherical form, 
 but, being extremely delicate, was easily lacera- 
 ted, and then its fluid escaped. As he found this, 
 which later naturalists have named — after its dis- 
 coverer — the PtirMii'jean ves'icle, in the ova of the 
 ovary, but could not see it in ova, which had al- 
 ready entered the oviduct, he gave it the name 
 germinal vesicle, or germ cell, vesic'ula prolif'era, 
 seu germinati'va, (F.) Vesicnle germinative. Be- 
 sides a perfectly colourless fluid, this contains one 
 or more dark corpuscles, which appear as a nu- 
 cleus through the including membrane in the 
 shape of opake spots — the germinal spot, mac'idn 
 qerminnti'va seu c/er'minans, nu'cleus germinoti'- 
 vus, Blasio-car'dia, Cor'culum ^ ger'minis, (F.) 
 Tache germinative. The granulous membrane — 
 its thickened portion, the so-called 'cicatricula,' 
 — and the germinal vesicle, constitute those parts 
 of the orum which pass immediately into the 
 original foundation of the embryo, the blasfoder- 
 ma or germinal membrane, vesic'tda blastoderniat'- 
 icri, blastoder'mic vesicle. 
 
 Molecule, Gelatinous, Molecule. 
 
 3J0LENE, Verbascum nigrum. 
 
 MOLES GANGLIFORMIS, Ganglion of 
 Gasser. 
 
 MOLIBDUS, Plumbum. 
 
 MOLILALIA, Mogilalia. 
 
 MOLI'MEN, pi. Molim'ina, from molior, 'to 
 move or stir,' An attempt, a struggle. Hence: 
 
 MoLiMEN Crit'icum. An impulsion tovrards 
 a sudden solution or crisis of a disease. 
 
 MoLiMEN H^mohrhag"icum. The hemor- 
 rhagic diathesis or impulsion. 
 
 MoLiMEN HiEMOREHOiDA'LE. The hemorrhoi- 
 dal diathesis or impulsion. See Ha?morrhois. 
 
 MoLiMEN Menstrua'lij. The menstrual dia- 
 thesis or impulsion. 
 
 MoLiMEN NatuRjE Salutarium, Instinct. 
 
 MOLKENKUR, Whey cure. 
 
 MOLLESCENCE, Mollifies. 
 
 MOLLET, Sura. 
 
 MOLLIPUFFS, Lycoperdon. 
 
 MOLLIS MATER, Pia mater. 
 
 MOLLIT"IES, J/o??CTVf»,ce, Malacis'mus, Mnl. 
 lit"ia, Mollitu'do, Emollit"ies, E. morbo'sa, Jfol- 
 litio, Malax'is, Malaco'sis, Mcdihax'is, (F.) Ra- 
 moUissement ; (G.) Malakien (Fuchs); from 
 mollis, 'soft.' Preternatural softness of an organ 
 or part of an organ. 
 
 Mollities Cer'ebri, Malaco'sis Cer'ehri, En- 
 cephalom ala'cia, Encepha lomulax'is, Necrenreph'- 
 alus (W. Farr), Cerebromnln'cia, Evcephah.pep'. 
 sis, Molles'eence or softeninr) or a kind of lique- 
 
MOLLITIO 
 
 600 
 
 MONEYWORT 
 
 faction of the cerebral substance ; tbe remainder 
 preserving its ordinary consistency. (F.) Bamol- 
 lissemeiit dii cervean. Tlie ncurine often contains 
 small clots of blood, giving rise to what has been 
 termed Apoplexie capillaire, (Cruveilhier.) The 
 symptoms denoting it are equivocal. 
 MoLLiTiES Cordis, Cardiomalacia. 
 MoLLiTiES Medul'l^ Spina'lis, Myelomcila'- 
 cia, (F.) Ramollissement de la Moelle Epiniere. 
 Softening of the spinal marrow. 
 
 MoLLiriES Os'siUM, Malaeosteo'sis, Malacos'- 
 teon, JSniollit"ies os'sinm, Paros'tia Jlex'ilia, Os- 
 teonialaco'sis, Osteomala'cia, Rachi'tis seu Rha- 
 cM'tis adulto'rum, Spina vento'sa (of some), S(ft' 
 ening of the bones, (F.) Osteo-walacie, Osteo-ma- 
 laxie, Osteo-malakie, Ramollissement des as. A 
 rare affection, in which tbe bones are deprived of 
 their salts, particularly of the phosphate of lime, 
 and consist only, or mainly, of gelatin ; hence 
 they acquire a degree of suppleness which ren- 
 ders them unfit for the performance of their func- 
 tions. The disease generally affects all the 
 bones; but it is especially remarkable during life 
 in the long bones, which assume any curvature 
 that may be wished. Very violent pain is often 
 experienced in them ; and the urine frequently 
 contains an enormous proportion of calcareous 
 phosphate. The patient is compelled to remain 
 in the horizontal posture; the bones no longer 
 being fixed points for the muscles to act upon. 
 The disease has, hitherto, always terminated 
 fatally, and dissection has exhibited the gelati- 
 nous nature of the bones; which, by desiccation, 
 have become transjparent, as if they had been ma- 
 cerated in acid. 
 
 Experience has afforded no means of relief in 
 this dreadful affliction. The alkaline salts, earthy 
 phosphates, Ac. are of little or no use. 
 
 MOLLITIO. MoUities. 
 
 MOLLITUDO, Mollities. 
 
 MOLLUS'CUM, Athero'ma, Ochthi'asis. A 
 cutaneous affection, so called in consequence of 
 its resemblance to certain molluscous animals. 
 It consists of numerous tumours, varying in size 
 from that of a pea to that of a pigeon's egg, filled 
 with an atheromatous matter, which are de- 
 veloped in the substance of the derma, and are 
 of various shapes, some having a large base, — 
 others adherent by means of a pedicle. 
 
 Molluscum contagio'snm, (F.) Acne mollusco'ide, 
 a singular variety, is characterized by the pre- 
 sence of hard, round, tubercles, which are smooth 
 and transparent, and when pressed, pour out from 
 an orifice in their summits a little opake or milkj' 
 fluid. 
 
 The disease is probably seated in the sebaceous 
 follicles. 
 
 If internal treatment be adopted at all, it must 
 consist of eutrophies, as arsenic, iodine, &g. The 
 external treatment consists in the employment of 
 measures calculated to excite the tubercles to in- 
 flammation, as by touching them with potassa. 
 
 MOLOCHE, Malva rotundifolia. 
 
 MOLOPES, Vibiees. 
 
 MOLYBDENUM MAGNESII, Manganese, 
 black oxide of. 
 
 MOLYBDOCACHEXIA, Saturnisraus. 
 
 MOLYBDOCOLICA, Colica metallica. 
 
 MOLYBDONOSUS, Lead-poisoning. 
 
 MOLYBDOPARBSIS, Palsy, lead. 
 
 MOLYBDOS. Plumbum. 
 
 MOLYBBOSIS, Lead-poisoning. 
 
 MOLYNE. Anus. 
 
 MOLYNSIS, Miasma. 
 
 MOMfE. Mummy. 
 
 MOMIN, Mamei. 
 
 MOMISCI. Molar teeth. 
 
 MOMOR'DICA, 31. Bahrtmi'na, from mordeo, 
 niomordi, morsum, ' to bite/ Bahami'na, Nevro- 
 
 sper'ma cuspida'ta, Balm-apple, Balsam apple, 
 (F.) Balsami?ie, Pomme de merveille. Ord. Cu- 
 curbitacese. The fruit of this oriental tree, 
 Poramn mirah'ile seu hieroaolymita'num, was for- 
 merly considered vulnerary. 
 
 MoMORDicA AsPERA, M. Elaterium. 
 
 Momor'dica Elate'rium : 31. as'pera, Elate'- 
 rium, Ecba'lia Elate'rium, Ecbalium officina'- 
 rum seu agreste seu cordifo'lium, Cu'cumis 
 agres'tis seu asini'nus seu sylves'tris, Cha- 
 ran'tia, Bouba'lios, Guarerba orba, Ecbol'ium 
 elate'rium, Wild, Squirting, or Asses' cu' cumber, 
 (F.) Concombre Sauvage, Momordique. Nat, 
 Order, Cucurbitacese. The dried sediment from 
 the juice is the elaterium of the shops. (See 
 Extractum Elaterii.) It is a most powerful ca- 
 thartic, and, as such, has been used in dropsies. 
 Its active principle is the Elatin, Elaterin or 
 Elaterium. Dose, gr. ^ to gr. j. until it operates. 
 
 3I03I0RDIQUE, Momordica elaterium. 
 
 MONAD, from /lovag, iiovaios, 'unity.' A sim- 
 ple particle, or atom, or unit. — Leibnitz. The 
 smallest of all visible animalcules. A primary 
 cell or germ. 
 
 MONE, Nates. 
 
 MONAR'DA, 31. did'yma seu coccin'ea seu 
 purjni'rea seu Kahnia'na, Scarlet Rose balm, 
 3Iountain mint, Oswe'go Tea, 31ountain Balm, 
 Horsemint, Square stalk. Red balm; a beautiful 
 indigenous plant, Sex. Syst. Diandria Monogynia. 
 Nat. Ord. Labiatee, having the excitant proper- 
 ties of Monarda punctata. 
 
 Monarda Allophylla, M. fistulosa — m. Cli- 
 nopodia, M. fistulosa — m. Coccinea, Monarda — 
 m. Didyma, Monarda. 
 
 Monar'da Fistulo'sa, 3f. rugo'sa and oblon- 
 ga'ta; 31. clinopod'ia seu allophyVla, Wild ber- 
 gamot, Horsemint. The leaves have a fragrant 
 smell; and an aromatic, somewhat bitter taste. 
 They are reputed to be nervine, stomachic, and 
 deobstruent [?]. 
 
 Monarda Kalmiana, Monarda — m. Oblongata, 
 M. fistulosa. 
 
 Monar'da Pdncta'ta, Horsemint. Indigenous 
 in the United States. Stimulant and carmina- 
 tive. The Oleum monardm is officinal in the 
 United States. 
 
 Monarda Purpurea, Monarda — m. Rugosa, 
 M. fistulosa. 
 
 3I0NDER (F.), from mundus, 'cleanly.' To 
 render clean or pure. In Pharmacy, it means to 
 separate any substance from its impure or useless 
 portion. In surgery, monder ou mondifier une 
 pilaie, is to clean or deterge a wound. 
 
 3I0NDIFICATIFS, Detergents. 
 
 3I0NDIFIER UNE PLAIE, see 3Tonder. 
 
 MONE'MERON, 3Ionoe'meron, ilonohe' meron ; 
 from fiovos, 'one,' and 'rificpa, 'a day.' A name 
 given to several collyria, which were supposed to 
 be capable of curing diseases of the eyes in a day. 
 
 MONENTERUM, Colon. 
 
 MONE'SIA. A vegetable extract imported into 
 Europe from South America, in hard, thick cakes. 
 It is prepared from the bark of a tree, whose bo- 
 tanical name is uncertain — probably ChrysophyU- 
 luni ghjcyphlm'um seu Buranhem, Burunhem, 
 Guaranhem ; Ord. Sapotaceae. It is very friable, 
 and its fracture very much resembles that of a 
 well-torrefied cocoanut. It is wholly soluble in 
 water; and its taste — which is at first sweet like 
 liquorice — sometimes becomes astringent. It is 
 on account of its astringent properties that it has 
 been prescribed in chronic bronchitis, hasmo- 
 ptysis, diarrhoea, leucorrhoea, uterine hemorrhage, 
 &c. It has been applied locally, in the form of 
 ointment, (3fones. p. 1, Adipis, p. vij). 
 
 The dose of Monesia is from 12 to 40 grains a 
 day. 
 
 MONEYWORT, Lysimachia nummularia. 
 
MONGOLIAN 
 
 601 
 
 MONSTER 
 
 MONGO'LTAN. Anthropologists give the name 
 Mongolian race to a variety of the human species, 
 spread over a great part of the north of Asia, in 
 China, India, Thibet, the Moluccas, &c. The in- 
 dividuals composing it have the skin of a brown 
 red, forehead flat, nose broad, cheeks prominent, 
 and lips large. See Homo. 
 MONGREL, Hj'brid. 
 MONIPLIES, Omasum. 
 
 MONISM, Mollis' mus ; from /lova;, 'unity.' 
 The doctrine, which declares matter and mind to 
 be identical. 
 
 MONK PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. A 
 class of practitioners of whom Frere Cosme and 
 Jacques Beaulieu in France, and Pravetz in Ger- 
 many, were the most distinguished. 
 
 MONKSHOOD, Aconitum — m. Common, Aco- 
 nicum napellus — m. Salutary, Aconitum anthora 
 — m. Wild, Aconitum uncinatum. 
 
 MONNI'NA POLYSTA'CHIA. A beautiful 
 South American plant. Nat. Orel. Polygalete. 
 Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Octandria. The bark of 
 the root is a powerful astringent, and much used 
 in South America in diseases of the bowels. 
 
 MONNYPLIES, Omasum. 
 
 MONOBLEP'SIS, from monos, and /JXe^i?, 
 'sight.' An affection in which vision is confused, 
 imperfect, and indistinct, when both eyes are em- 
 ployed ; but perfect or nearly so, when either eye 
 is used singly. 
 
 MONOCAR'PiE, from moiios, and Kapiro;, 
 'fruit.' A division of cutaneous affections, of the 
 family of Eczematosen, of Fuchs, which in- 
 cludes strophulus, psydraeia, and ecthyma. 
 
 MONOCEPH'ALUS, from monos, and KcipaXri, 
 'head.' A compound monster having two bodies 
 with a single head. 
 
 MONOCOLON, Caecum, Rectum. 
 
 MONOCRA'NUS, from monos, and xpavov, xpa- 
 viov, 'cranium.' A monster with one cranium, 
 but with the face in part double.^ — -Gurlt. 
 
 MONOCULUM, Ca3cum. 
 
 MONOC'ULUS, Moti'ocle, ironophthal'mm, 
 Unioe'ulus, Unoc'nhis, from monns, and ocuIks, 
 'an eye.' A bandage employed to maintain 
 topical applications over one of the eyes. This 
 bandage, called by some surgeons Simplex oo'u- 
 lus, (F,) CEil simple, is made of a roller three or 
 four ells long, rolled into a single ball. See 
 Cyclops. 
 
 MONODIPLO'PIA, from ^iT^ou;, 'double,' and 
 (ijip, 'eye.' Double vision with one eye. 
 
 MONOEMERON, Monemeron. 
 
 MONOGAS'TRIC, 3Ionogas'tricns, from monos, 
 and yacTrip, ' stomach.' That which has but one 
 stomach. Man is monogastric : ruminating ani- 
 mals, on the contrary, are pnlygastric. 
 
 MONOGENY, see Generation. 
 
 MON'OGRAPH, MED'ICAL, Jfonograph'ia 
 med'ica, from monns, and ypa(pr], ' description.' 
 An ex prnfesso treatise on a single class of dis- 
 eases, or on a single disease. 
 
 MONOHEMERON, Monemeron. 
 
 MONOMACHON, Caecum. 
 
 MONOMACUxM, Caeoura. 
 
 MONOMANIA, see Melancholy — m. Homi- 
 cidal, Homicidal insanity — m. Incendiary, Pyro- 
 mania. 
 
 MONOMA'NIAC, Monnmani'acua, (F.) Mono- 
 mane, Moiwmaniaque, from monos, and uavia, 
 'mania.' One who labours under monomania, or 
 insanity on one subject. 
 
 MOiSfOMANIE, Melancholy — jn. Homicide, 
 Homicidal insanity. 
 
 MONOMMATOS, Cyclops. 
 
 MONOMORIA, see Melancholy. 
 
 MONOM'PHALUS, from monos, and o^i^aAo?, 
 'a navel.' A monster produced by the union of 
 two bodies having a common umbilicus. Such a 
 
 double monster is called by I. G. St. Hilairo 
 Monompiha'lian, (F.) 3Ionomphalien. 
 
 MONOPAGIA, Clavus hystericus, Hemicrania'. 
 
 MONOP'ATHY, 3Ionopathi'a, from monos, 
 and jraSof, ' disorder.' A state in which one 
 organ or function is disordered. Applied to me- 
 lancholy or monomania; which is said to be a 
 monopathic affection. 
 
 MONOPEGIA, Clavus hystericus, Hemicrania. 
 
 MONOPHTHALMUS, Cyclops, Monoculus. 
 
 MONOPLAS'TIC, Monoplas'ticns, from monos, 
 and irXao-ffu, 'I form.' That which has one form. 
 A monoplastic element, in histology is one which 
 retains its primary form. — Gerber. 
 
 MONOPODIA, Sympodia. 
 
 MONOPS, Cyclops. 
 
 MONOPSIA, Cyclopia. 
 
 MONOPUS, Symmeles. 
 
 MONOR'CHIS, (F.) Monorchide, from monos, 
 and opx'S, op^iSog, 'testicle.' One who has only 
 one testicle. 
 
 MONOS, fiovo?, one alone ; as in 
 
 MONOS'CELUS, from monos, and okiXo;, 'a 
 leg.' One legged. 
 
 MONOSI'TIA, from monos, and cirog, 'food,' 
 'repast.' The habit of taking only one meal in 
 the day. 
 
 MOis^OSO'MIAN, (F.) Monosomien, from monos, 
 and atiiiia, 'a body.' An epithet applied to a 
 double monster, which seems, in the first instance, 
 to have had but one body. 
 
 MONOT'ROPA UNIFLO'RA, {monos, and 
 rpo-os, 'a turn,' the solitary flower turned to one 
 side,) Indian pipe, Iceplant, Pipe-plant, Nest 
 root, Fit root. Ord. Ericaceee. An indigenous 
 plant, whose juice, mixed with water, has been 
 extolled by the Indians in ophthalmia. The dried 
 root in powder has been given in epilepsy and 
 nervous diseases. 
 
 MONS VEN'ERIS, Montic'ulns Ven'eris, 
 ('Mount of Venus,') EpJiebe'um, (F.) Mont de 
 Vfniis, Penil, Motte, Eminence sus-ptnhienne. The 
 more or less projecting eminence, situate at the 
 base of the hypogastrium. above the vulva and 
 in front of the os pubis. At the period of puberty 
 it becomes covered with hair, formerly called 
 Tresao'ria. 
 
 MONSO'NIA OVA'TA, Keita, of the Hotten- 
 tots. A plant of the Nat. Ord. Geraniacefe, which 
 grows at the Cape of Good Hope. The root and 
 herb are very astringent, and are used success- 
 j fully in dysentery. 
 
 MONSTER, Monstrim, ('anything strange.') 
 Porten'tum, Teras, Pelor, Pelo'ria, Pelo'rium, Pe- 
 lo'rum, (F.) 3Ionstre. Any organized being, hav- 
 ing an extraordinary vice of conformation, or a 
 preternatural perversion of every part, or of cer- 
 tain parts only. 
 
 The following classification embraces the main 
 varieties of malformations — Vitia pirimcB con- 
 formationis. — 1. Those in which certain parts of 
 the normal body are absent or defective — monstra 
 defieientia, constituting Ectrog"eny (Serres), — 
 Monstrosity hy defect, (F.) Anomalie ou Monstru- 
 osite par defaiit, Agenesie. 2. Those produced by 
 fusion or coalition of organs — enalitio jiartittm, 
 symphysis. 3. Those, in which parts, united in 
 the normal state, are separated from each other — 
 clefts, fissures. 4. Those in which normal open- 
 ings are occluded — atresia. 5. Those by excess, 
 or in which certain parts have a disproportionate 
 size — monstra abundantia, 3Ionstros'ity hy excess, 
 (F.) 3Ionstruosite par exces, Hypergenesie. 6. 
 Those, in which one or more parts have an ab- 
 normal position — situs mutatus. 7. Those affect- 
 ing the sexual organs — hermaphroditism; and 
 to these " true malformations" Vogel adds 8. 
 Diseases of the foetus, and abnormal states of its 
 envelopes. 
 
MONSTERS 
 
 602 
 
 MORBUS 
 
 Amongst the numerous hypotheses entertained 
 on the origin or cause of monsters, or of monstro- 
 sity — terato'sis, monstros'itas, (P.) monstruosite, as 
 the state has been called — three only are worth 
 mentioning. They have been attributed, 1. To 
 the influence of the maternal imagination on the 
 foetus in utero. 2. To accidental changes, expe- 
 rienced by the foetus at some period of its uterine 
 existence : and 3. To a primitive defect in the 
 germs. The second seems to be the only one 
 that is philosophinal. 
 
 As a medico-legal question, monsters, if capable 
 of action as individuals, have the same rights as 
 other persons. 
 
 MONSTERS, COMPOUND, see Unitaire—m. 
 Double, see Diplogenesis — m. Triplet, see Triplet. 
 
 MONSTRA ABUNDANTIA, see Monster — 
 m. Defioientin, see Monster — m. Trigemina, see 
 Triplet — m. Triplica, see Triplet. 
 
 MONSTRE, Monster — m. Composi, see Uni- 
 taire — m. Unitaire, see Unitaire. 
 
 MONSTROSITAS, see Monster. 
 
 MONSTROSITY, see Monster— m. by Defect, 
 see Monster — m. by Excess, see Monster. 
 
 MONSTRUM, Monaster. 
 
 3WNSTRU0STTE, see Monster — m. par 
 Defaut, see Monster — m. jxxr Exc?.s, see Monster. 
 
 MONT BE VENUS, Mons Veneris. 
 
 MONTBRISON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Montbrison is a town in France, in the depart- 
 ment of the Loire, fifteen leagues from L5'ons. 
 There are three cold springs here, which are 
 highly acidulous, and used as refrigerants and 
 aperients. 
 
 MONT-DE-MARSAN, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Mont-de-Marsan is a small French town, 
 10 leagues from Dax; where there is a chalj'beate 
 spring, somewhat frequented. 
 
 MONT-D'OR, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Mont-d'Or is a village seven leagues from Cler- 
 mont, (Puy-de-D6me,) at which are several mine- 
 ral springs, cold and thermal. Those of the 
 Fountain La Madelnine, and of the Great Bath, 
 are thermal, temp. 112° Fahr., and contains car- 
 bonic acid, subcarbonate and sulphate of soda, 
 chloride of sodium, subcarbonate of lime and 
 magnesia, alumine and oxide of iron. Those of 
 St. Margaret are cold, and contain much carbonic 
 acid. 
 
 MONTECATI'NI, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 This town is situate near Borgo-Buggiano, in 
 Tuscany. The springs are thermal,- ranging from 
 78° to 118° Fahrenheit. 
 
 MONTHLY COURSES, Menses— m. Illness, 
 see Menses — m. Periods, Menses. 
 
 MONTICULUS CEREBELLI, see Vermiform 
 processes of the Cerebellum — m. Veneris, Mons 
 veneris. 
 
 MONTPELL'IER, CLIMATE OP. This seat 
 of a celebrated medical school in the S. E. of 
 France was at one time renowned for its climate, 
 and especially in regard to its adaptation to con- 
 sumptive cases. This is now exploded, and it is 
 at present esteemed an unfit residence for them. 
 The elimiite possesses the general characters of 
 that of south-eastern France' — being dry, hot, and 
 irritating ; subject to frequent vicissitudes, and 
 especially to blasts of keen, cold, northerly winds. 
 It is, indeed, most injurious in pulmonary dis- 
 eases. 
 
 MOON. Lwia, Sele'ne, 3/ene, Sax. Mona, (ft.) 
 Mond, (P.) Lnne. The moon has been supposed 
 to exert considerable influence over the human 
 body, in health and disease. Such influence has 
 been grossly exaggerated. Not many years ago, 
 it would have been heretical to doubt the exacer- 
 bation of mania at the fall of the moon ; yet it 
 is now satisfactorily shown, that if the light be 
 
 excluded at this period, the lunatic is not excited 
 more than ordinarily. 
 
 MOONED, Lunatic. 
 
 MOONSTRUCK, Lunatic. 
 
 MOONCALF, Mole. 
 
 MOORBERRY, Vaceinium oxycoccos. 
 
 MOORGRASS, Potentilla anserina. 
 
 MOORSHEAD, Alembic. 
 
 MOORWORT, BROAD-LEAVED, Andromeda 
 mariana. 
 
 MOOSEWOOD, Dirca palustris. 
 
 MOPHETA, see Mephitism. 
 
 3I0RBEUX, Morbid. 
 
 MORBI, see Morbus — m. Acquisiti, Acquired 
 diseases — m. Acuti, see Acute — m. Adventitii, 
 Acquired diseases — m. Anniversarii, Annual dis- 
 eases — m. Annul, Annual diseases — m. Asthenici, 
 Adynamise — m. Celati, Feigned diseases — m. 
 Chronici, Chronic diseases — m. Cognati, Innate 
 diseases — m. Complicati, see Complication, Im- 
 pliciti morbi — m. Congeniti, Innate diseases — m. 
 Connati, Connate diseases — m. Connexi, Con- 
 juncti morbi — m. Consequentes, Conjunct! morbi 
 — m. Constrictorii, see Spasmoticus — m. Derma- 
 todes, see Dermatoid — m. Dispersi, Sporadic dis.. 
 eases — m. Dissimulati, Feigned diseases — m. 
 Epicteti, Acquired diseases — m. Evolutionis, sea 
 Development — m. Hereditarii, Hereditaiy dis- 
 eases — m. Homoedri, see Homoedrus — m. Infi- 
 tiati. Feigned diseases— m. Interni, Internal dis- 
 eases — m. Melancholici, see Mercurial — m. Mer- 
 curiales, see Mercurial — m. Nervosi, Nervous 
 diseases — m. Occulti, see Latent — m. Olfacttis, 
 Osmonosi — m. Perplexi, see Complication — m. 
 Pseudalei, Feigned diseases — m. Recidivn, Re- 
 lapse — m. Recursus, Palindromia — m. Sexuales, 
 see Sexual — m. Sexiis, Genonusi — m. Siraulati, 
 Feigned diseases — m. Sparsi, Sporadic disease? 
 — m. Spasmotici, see Spasmoticus — m. Subacute, 
 see Acute — m. Tactiis, Haphonosi — m. Tropici, 
 Troponusi. 
 
 MORBID, Mnr'bidiis, Morho'sm. Potliic, Paih'- 
 ical, Path'icHS, (P.) Morbeiix, HForbide ; from mor- 
 bus, 'a disease.' Diseased, or relating to disease. 
 
 MouBin Anatojiv, see Anatomy. 
 
 MORBIF'IC, Morbif'icus, (F.) 3Torbifiqne ; 
 fro'm morbui, 'a disease,' and ybcere, 'to make.' 
 Causing or producing disease — as morbific ema- 
 nations. 
 
 MORBILITY, Disease. 
 
 MORBILLEVX, Morbillous. 
 
 MORBILLI. Rubeola — m. Confluentes, Scar- 
 latina — m. Ignei, Scarlatina. 
 
 MORBILLOSUS, Morbillous. 
 
 MORBILLOUS, MorbiUo'sus, Meanly, (F.) 
 Morbilleux, from morbilli, 'rubeola or measles.' 
 Affected or connected with measles. 
 
 MORBOSUS, Sickly. 
 
 MORBULENT, Sickly. 
 
 MORBUS, Disease, see Morbi — m. Ampul- 
 laceous, Pemphigus — m. Angiicus, Phthisis, Ra- 
 chitis — m. Aphrodisius, Sypiiilis — m. Areuatus, 
 Icterus — m. Arietis, Influenza — m. Arquatus, 
 Icterus — m. Articularis, Gout — m. Astralis, Epi- 
 lepsy — m. Attonitus, Apoplexy — m. a. Celsi, Cata- 
 lepsy — m. Brightii. Kidney, Bright's disease of 
 the — m. Bullnsus, Pemphigus — m. Caducns, 
 Epilepsy — m. Cffiruleus, Cyanopathy — m. Cal- 
 culi, Lithia — m. Cardiaeus, Cardialgia — m. Ca- 
 tarrhalis. Influenza — m. Catoxys, see Catoxys — 
 m. CercTlis, Ergotism — m. Cerebralis Whyttii, 
 Hydrocephalus Tnternus — m. Cirrhorum, Plica 
 - — ra. Coeliacns, Coeliac flux — m. Comitialis, Epi- 
 lepsy — m. Cordis, Cardionosus — m. Costalis, 
 Pleuritis — m. Coxarius, Ooxarum morbus — m. 
 Croiitus, Scberlievo — m. Cucullaris, Pertussis — ■ 
 m. CucuUus, Pertns-is — m. Cystophlegmaticus, 
 Cystirrhnen — ni. Da;inoniacus, Epilepsy — m. Dae- 
 monius. Epilepsy — m. Deificus, Epilepsy — m. 
 
MORCEA U DU DIABLE 
 
 603 
 
 MOROTROPHIUM 
 
 Dissolutus, Dysentery — m. Divinus, Epilepsy — 
 m. Dominorum, Gout — m. Endemius, Endemic 
 — m. Epidemicus, Epidemy — m. Epidemicus gut- 
 turis Foresti, Scarlatina — m. Eruditorum, Hypo- 
 chondriasis — m. Extrinsecus, External disease — 
 m. Earciminosus, see Equinia — m. Febrilis, Pyre- 
 ticosis — m. Fellifiuus, Cholera — m. Flatuosus, 
 Hypochondriasis — m. Fluminiensis, Scherlievo — 
 m. Foedus, Epilepsy — m. Frigidus, Atrophy — m. 
 tOallicus, Syphilis — m. Gesticulatorius, Chorea — 
 m. Granulosus renum, Kidney, Bright's disease 
 of the — m. Gravis, see Serious — m. Hsemorrhoi- 
 dalis, Hsemorrhois — m. Heracleus, Epilepsy — m. 
 Herculeus, Epilepsy — m. Hispanicus, Syphilis — 
 in. Hydrophobious, Hydrophobia — m. Hypochon- 
 driacus, Hypochondriasis — m. Hystericus, Hys- 
 teria — m. Idiopathicus, Idiopathia — m. Indicus, 
 Syphilis — m. Interlunis, Epilepsy — m. Ischiadi- 
 eus, Neuralgia femoro-poplitsea — m. Italicus, 
 Syphilis — m. Jecinoris, Hepatitis — m. Lascivus, 
 Chorea — m. Lateralis, Pleuritis — m. Lazari, Ele- 
 phantiasis — m. Leseoli, Icterus — m. Lunaticus, 
 Epilepsy — m. Luteolus, Icterus — m. Maculosus 
 haemorrhagicus Werlhofii, Purpura haemorrhagi- 
 ca — m. Magnus, Epilepsy — m. Major, Epilepsy 
 — m. Mensalis, Epilepsy — m. Mercurialis, Ecze- 
 ma mercuriale, Hydrargyriasis — m. Metallicus, 
 Colic, metallic — m. Mucosus, Fever, adeno- 
 meningeal — m. Nauticus, Nausea marina — m. 
 Neapolitanus, Syphilis — m. Niger, Melaena — m. 
 Originalis, Idiopathia — m. Oesophagi, ffisopha- 
 gopathia — m. Oryzeus, Cholera — m. Pallidus, 
 Chlorosis — m. Pancoenus, Pandemic — m. Parthe- 
 nius, Chlorosis — m. Pandemius, Pandemic — m. 
 Pedieularis, Phtheiriasis — m. Peracutus, see Ca- 
 toxys — m. Phoeniceus, Elephantiasis — m. Pilaris, 
 Trichiasis — m. Pleuritious, Pleuritis ^ — m. Plum- 
 beus, Lead-poisoning — m. Porcinus, Essera — m. 
 Popularis, Epilepsy — m. Primarius, Idiopathia — 
 m. Proprius, Idiopathia — m. Protopathicus, Idio- 
 pathia — m. Proteiformis, see Proteiformis — m. 
 Psoadious, Lumbar abscess — m. Publicus, Epi- 
 demy — m. Puerilis, Epilepsy — m. Pulicularis, 
 Typhus gravior — m. Pustulosus Finnicus, see 
 Anthrax — m. Recidivus, Relapse — m. Recidivus, 
 Palindromia — m. Regionalis, Endemic — m. Re- 
 gius, Icterus — m. Resiccatorius, Hypochondriasis 
 
 — m. Ruotuosus, Hypochondriasis — m. Ructuo- 
 sus, see Eructation — m. Sacer, Epilepsy— m. Sal- 
 tatorius. Chorea — m. Sancti Joannis, Epilepsy — 
 in. Sancti Valentini, Epilepsy — m. Scarlatinosus, 
 Scarlatina — m. Scelestus, Epilepsy — m. Scrophu- 
 losus. Scrofula — m. Secundarius, Deuteropathia 
 
 — m. Seleniacus, Epilepsy — m. Sideratus, Epi- 
 lepsy — m. Silesiacus, Raphania — m. Simplex, 
 Haplopathia — m. Solstitialis, Coup-de-Suleil — m. 
 Sonticus, Epilepsy — m. Spasmodicus malignus 
 seu popularis, Raphania — m. Strangulatorius, 
 Cynanche traehealis — m. Sudatorius, Sudor An- 
 glicus — m. Truculentus infantum, Cynanche 
 traehealis — m. Tuberculosus, see Tubercle and 
 Tubercular cachexia — m. Ungaricus, Fever, 
 Hungaric — m. Verminosus, Helminthiasis — m. 
 Vernaculus, Endemic — m. Vervecinus, Influenza 
 
 — m. Vesicularis, Pemphigus — m. Virgineus, 
 Chlorosis — m. Viridellus, Epilepsy — m. Vitrio- 
 latus, Epilepsy — m. Vocis, Phononosus — m. 
 Vulpis, Alopecia. 
 
 MORGEAU DU DIABLE, see Tuba Fallo- 
 piana — m. Frange, see Tuba Fallopiana. 
 
 310RCELLE3IENT (¥.), 'Dividing into 
 pieces.' A mode adopted by M. Maisonneuve for 
 removing successfully a large fibrous tumour of 
 
 MORCHELL'A ESCULEN'TA, Phallus eseu- 
 len'tus, Helvell'a escxden'ta, Fungus fagino'siis, 
 Ileru'lins, Common Ilorell, (F.) Morille. Nat. 
 Order, Fungi. A fungus, which is esteemed a 
 luxury, entering into ragouts and other dishes. 
 
 or cooked itself between slices of bacon. It baa 
 been considered to be aphrodisiac. 
 
 MOR'DICANT, llor'dicans, Calor mor'di'eam, 
 from mordeo, 'I bite.' A morbid heat, causing 
 a disagreeable pungent sensation in the fingers 
 of the physician. 
 
 MORDICES, Teeth : see Tooth. 
 MOREA, Morus nigra. 
 MORELL, COMMON, Morchella eseulenta. 
 MORELLE, Boletus esculentus — m. d Fruit 
 noir, Solanum — m. Furieuse, Atropa belladonna 
 — m. en Grappea, Phytolacca decandra — m. Griin- 
 pante, Solanum dulcamara, 
 MORETARIUM, Mortar. 
 MORE'TUM. A kind of salad, with the an- 
 cient Romans, made of garlic, parsley, vinegar, 
 oil, &c. 
 
 MORE'TUS, from morum, 'the mulberry.' 
 Ancient name of a cordial julep, into the compo- 
 sition of which the syrup of mulberries entered. 
 — Schroder. 
 
 MORGAGN'I, HUMOUR OF, ffmnor 3Ior- 
 gagnia'nuB, (F.) Humeur de 3Iorgagni. A pecu- 
 liar, transparent, slightly-viscid fluid, found be- 
 tween the crystalline and its capsule. 
 3I0RGELINE, Alsine media. 
 MORGUE (F.). A dead-house, in France, 
 wherein persons, found dead, are exposed with 
 the view of being recognised by their friends — 
 Necrocomi'um, Necrodochi'um, Neeros' toa. 
 MORI SUCCUS, see Morus nigra. 
 MORIA, Idiotism — m. Demens, Idiotism, De- 
 mentia — m. Demens lerema, see Dementia — m, 
 Imbecilis amnesia. Amnesia. 
 MORIBUND, Psychorages. 
 MORILLE, Morchella eseulenta. 
 MORINGA APTERA, see Guilandina mo- 
 ringa — m. Nux Ben, Guilandina moringa — m. 
 Oleifera, Guilandina moringa — m. Pterygosperma, 
 Guilandina moringa — m. Zeylanica, Guilandina 
 moringa. 
 
 MORION, Genital organ, Penis. 
 MORIOPLAS'TICE, Chirnr'gia curto'rnm seu 
 Annplas'tica, Restitu'tio organ'ica seu par'tium 
 deperdita'rum, Transplanta'tio, ArUopjIas' t'lce, Ohi- 
 rur'gia pjas'tiea, Anaplas'tic Surgery, Autopjlas'ty, 
 Autoplastic or Plastic Surgery, from nopiov, 'a 
 part,' and n^aariKos, 'forming.' The restoration 
 of lost parts. The operations for this purpose 
 have various names, according to the part con- 
 cerned, as Cheiloplastice, Oeratoplastice, Rhino- 
 plastice, &c. 
 
 MORNING GLORY, BLUE, Convolvulus nil. 
 MORO, from morum, 'a mulberry:' — Morum, 
 (F.) Mure. A small abscess resembling a mul- 
 berry. A small tvimour, of a similar apj)earance, 
 particularly on the genital organs after impure 
 coition. 
 
 MOROCH'THUS, Moroch'tus, Morochi'tes, Me- 
 rochi'tes, 3feroc'tes, Galax'ia, Lencograph'ia, (F.) 
 Pierre au lait, 3Iilk stone. An Egyptian stone, 
 used by the ancients as an application to the in- 
 tertrigo of children : probably a variety of fuller's 
 earth, inasmuch as it appears to have been used 
 by fullers. 
 
 MOROCHITES, Morochthus. 
 MOROCHTUS. Morochthus. 
 MOROCOMIUM, Morotrophium. 
 MORODOCHIUM, Morotrophium. 
 MOROSIS, Fatuitas, Idiotism. 
 MOROSITA'TES, {moro'sus, 'morose,' 'peev- 
 ish,' 'fretful,') from inapta, and itupoicts, 'stupi- 
 dity.' A generic name given by Linnaeus to an 
 order of Vesanise, in which he included pica, 
 bulimia, polydipsia, antipathia, nostalgia, pano- 
 phobia, satyriasis, nymphomania, tarentismuS, 
 and hydrophobia. 
 
 MOROTROPH'IUM, Morocomi'um, Morodo. 
 
MORPHJSA 
 
 604 
 
 MORTALITY 
 
 cTii'um, Ilanicocomi'um, from ttdipog, 'fatuous,' and 
 Tpoip-rj, 'support.' An insane establishment, lunatic 
 asylum, mad-house, Bedlam, (F.) Hdpital des fous, 
 Maison petite. 
 
 MORPHEA, Morphew — m. Alba, Lepra al- 
 phoides — -m. Nigra, Lepra nigricans. 
 
 MORPHEE, Morphew. 
 
 MORPHEW, 3forphcB'a, (F.) Blorphee. A term 
 vaguely applied to scurfy eruptions on the face. 
 Moiphma was formerly applied to squamous dis- 
 eases in general. 
 
 MORPHIA, Morphina — m. Acetate of, Mor- 
 phinse acetas — m. and Zinc, double iodide of. 
 Zinc, and Morphia, double iodide of — m. Citrate 
 of, see Morphina — m. Muriate of, see Morphina 
 — m. Sulphate of, Morphinae sulphas. 
 
 _ MORPHIA ACETAS, Morphinaj acetas— m. 
 Citras, see MorphinaB sulphas — m. Murias, see 
 Morphinae sulphas — m. Sulphas, Morphinae sul- 
 phas. 
 
 MOR'PHICA, from iiop(j>v, 'shape.' Monstro- 
 sities of birth.' The 3d order, class Typhica of 
 Good. 
 
 MORPHI'NA, Mor'phia, Mor'phium, 3Ior- 
 phi'ne, Ilorphine, from Mop^pevs, Morpheus, the 
 'god of sleep.' A solid, colourless alkali; crys- 
 tallizable in beautiful pyramids, truncated and 
 transparent; soluble in alcohol, and slightly so 
 in boiling water. It exists, combined with me- 
 conic acid, in opium. It may be obtained by 
 decomposing, by means of ammonia or calcined 
 magnesia, an aqueous solution of opium made in 
 the cold. 
 
 The following is the process of the Pharm. 
 U. S. Opium, sliced, R)j ; distilled water, alcohol, 
 animal charcoal, each a sufficient quantity ; solu- 
 tion of ammonia, f,^vj. Macerate the opium 
 with four pints of distilled water for 24 hours, 
 and having worked it with the hand, digest for 
 24 hours, and strain. Macerate the residue twice 
 successively with distilled water, and strain. Mix 
 the infusions: evaporate to six pints, and filter; 
 then add first five pints of alcohol, and afterwards 
 three fluidounces of the solution of ammonia, 
 previously mixed with half a pint of alcohol. 
 After 24 hours, pour in the remainder of the 
 solution of ammonia, mixed as before with half 
 a pint of alcohol; and set the liquor aside for 24 
 hours, that crystals may form. To purify these, 
 boil them with two pints of alcohol till they are 
 dissolved ; filter the solution, while hot, through 
 animal charcoal, and set it aside to crystallize. 
 
 Morphia dissolves perfectly in the acids, which 
 it saturates : and with which it forms very crys- 
 tallizable salts, with the exception of the acetate. 
 All these salts have a bitter taste, and act upon 
 the animal economy in the same manner as 
 opium, but more powerfully. The acetate is the 
 salt commonly employed in medicine. It was, at 
 one time, supposed that Morphia is the purely 
 sedative part of opium, divested of its irritating 
 properties; but experience has not confirmed 
 this. On the contrary, it will generally disagree 
 where opium does. Dose of morphia, J to f of 
 a grain. 
 
 Morphi'NjE Ace'tas, Ifor'phicB Acetas, Mor'- 
 phium ace'ticum, Ac"etate of Morphine, Acetate 
 of Morphia. A salt formed by saturating mor- 
 phia with acetic acid. (Moi-phia, in powder, freed 
 from narcotina by boiling with sulphuric ether, 
 §j ; distilled water, Oss ; acetic acid, a sufiicient 
 quantity. Mix the morphia with the water; then 
 carefully drop in the acid, constantly stirring 
 until the morphia is saturated and dissolved. 
 Evaporate the solution in a water-bath to the 
 consistence of syrup. Lastly, dry the acetate 
 ir'ith. a gentle heat and rub it into powder. — Ph. 
 U. S.) Dose, from J of a grain to half a grain. | 
 
 Morphi'n^ Sulphas, Mor'phijE Sulphas, 
 Sulphate of Morphia. A salt, formed by satu- 
 rating morphia with sulphuric acid, evaporating, 
 and crystallizing. Dose, the same as of the 
 acetate. 
 
 Muriate, and Citrate of Morphia, Morphia ci- 
 tras, have likewise been used; but they possess 
 no advantages over the other salts. The sulphate 
 and muriate are officinal in the Ph. U. S. The 
 muriate — Mor'phite Mu'rias — is directed to be 
 prepared as follows. {Morphia, in pulv., §j ; 
 Acpum destillatcB, Oss ; Acid, muriat. q. s. Mix 
 the morphia with the water; carefully drop in 
 the acid, till the morphia is saturated and dis- 
 solved. Evaporate and crystallize.) One-sixth 
 of a grain is equal to a grain of opium. 
 
 MORPHIUM, Morphina — m. Aeeticum, Mor- 
 phine acetas. 
 
 MORPHOLOG"ICAL, Morpholog"icus, from 
 Hop(pri, 'shape,' and Aoyoj, 'a description.' That 
 which has relation to the anatomical conforma- 
 tion of parts. Applied, at times, to the altera- 
 tions in the form of the several parts of the em- 
 bryo, in contradistinction to histological, which 
 is applied to the transformation by which the 
 tissues are gradually generated. In comparative 
 anatomy, it is applied to the history of the mo- 
 difications of forms, which the same organ under- 
 goes in different animals. 
 
 MORPHOLOGY, Anatomy. 
 
 MORPHOL'YSIS, from /i/op^j?, 'shape,' and 
 Xuo-tf, 'solution.' Destruction of organization. 
 An agent, that occasions such destruction, is 
 called a morpholyt'ic. 
 
 MORPHOLYTIC, see Morpholysis. 
 
 MORPHON'OMY, Morphonojn'ia: from fwpipr,, 
 'shape,' and vo^/oj, a law.' The laws of organic 
 formation. The department of anatomical sci- 
 ence which teaches the laws of organic configu- 
 ration. 
 
 MORPHOTOMY, see Anatomy. 
 
 MORPIO, see Pediculus. 
 
 MORPION, Crab-louse, see Pediculus. 
 
 MORRHUA AMERICANA, see Oleum jeeoris 
 aselli. 
 
 MORS, Death — m. Apparens, Asphyxia — m. 
 Putativa, Asphyxia — m. Repentina, Eemotivus 
 lapsus — m. du I)iable, Scabiosa succisa. 
 
 MORSELLUS, Tabella. 
 
 MORSULI ANTIMONIALES, Tabellse anti- 
 moniales Kunckelii — m. Stibii, Tabellse antimo- 
 niales Kunckelii. 
 
 MORSULUS, Tabella. 
 
 MORSURE, Degmos. 
 
 MORSUS, Degmos — m. Diaboli, Scabiosa suc- 
 cisa, see Tuba Fallopiana — m. Gallinse, Alsine 
 media — m. Stomachi, Cardialgia — m. Ventriculi> 
 Cardialgia. 
 
 MORT, Adeps. 
 
 MORT, Dead, Death — m. Apparente, Asphyxia 
 — m. du Chien, Cholera — m. aux Chiens, Colchi- 
 cum autumnale — m. Ne, Still-born — m. aux Pan- 
 theres, Doronicum pardalianches. 
 
 MORTA, Pemphigus. 
 
 MORTAL, Morta'lis, from mors, mortis, 'death.' 
 Letha'lis, Leta'lis, Thanato'des, Thanas'imus, (F.) 
 Mortel. That which is subject to death ; — that 
 which causes death: — as, man is moj-tal; a dis- 
 ease is mortal. Of old, it was the custom to havo 
 a division of mortal or deadly wounds, which 
 gave rise lo many errors in medico-legal investi- 
 tions, as the mortality of wounds depends upon 
 various circumstances ; and it is often a matter 
 of extreme difficulty to pronounce whether or not 
 a wound is necessarily mortal. 
 
 MORTAL'ITY, Mortal'itas, Zethal'ifas, Letal'- 
 itas, (F.) Mortalite. Same etymon. This word, 
 taken in an extended sense, e-xpresses the condi- 
 tion of all organized bodies, — of being subject to 
 
MORTAR 
 
 605 
 
 MOSQUITO 
 
 the cessation of life. In the sense in which it is 
 most frequently employed, it signifies, — the pro- 
 portional quantity of individuals who, in a cer- 
 tain population, die in a given time. If we as- 
 sume the population of the earth to be one thou- 
 sand millions, and a generation to last thirty- 
 three years; in that space of time the one thou- 
 sand millions must all die, and, consequently, the 
 number of deaths will be, by approximation, 
 
 Each year .30,000,000 
 
 Each day 82,109 
 
 Each hour 3,421 
 
 Each minute 57 
 
 Each second 1 nearly. 
 
 If, on the other hand, as has been supposed, 
 the number of deaths is to that of the births as 
 TEN to TWELVE : there will be born, 
 
 Each year 36,000,000 
 
 Each day 98,356 
 
 Each hour 4,098 
 
 Each minute „ 68 
 
 Each second 1 & 2-15ths. 
 
 It has been estimated that the average mor- 
 tality of the Pays du Vaud, is 1 in 49 ; of Swe- 
 den and Holland, 1 in 48 ; of Russia, 1 in 41 ; of 
 France, 1 in 40 ; of Austria, 1 in 38 ; of Prussia 
 and Naples, 1 in 33 to 35 ; of England, 1 in 45 ; 
 and of South America, 1 in 30. The same rate 
 of mortality has been given to the United States 
 as to France ; but the statistical details on all 
 this matter have been inadequate, and — it is not 
 improbable — inaccurate. The following has been 
 given as the annual mortality of some of the 
 chief cities of this country and Europe: (See the 
 author's Human Health, p. 101 : Philadelphia, 
 1844.) Philadelphia, 1 in 45-68; Glasgow, 1 in 
 44; Manchester, 1 in 44 ; Geneva, 1 in 43 ; Bos- 
 ton, 1 in 41'26; Baltimore, 1 in 41 ; London, 1 in 
 40 ; New York, 1 in 37-83 ; St. Petersburg, 1 in 
 37 ; Charleston, 1 in 36-50 ; Leghorn, 1 in 35 ; 
 Berlin, 1 in 34 ; Paris, Lyons, Strasburg, and 
 Barcelona, 1 in 32 ; Nice and Palermo, 1 in 31 ; 
 Madrid, 1 in 29 ; Naples, 1 in 28 ; Brussels, 1 in 
 26; Rome, 1 in 25 ; Amsterdam, 1 in 24; and 
 Vienna, 1 in 22^. 
 
 In the cities, the mortality under two years of 
 age bears a large ratio. This is exhibited by the 
 following table : 
 
 Ages. London. Philad. Baltimore. 
 
 Under 1 year,) ,„.„ 22-7 24-11 
 
 From 1 to 2, J "^ ^^ 8-6 8-55 
 
 2 to 5, 9-97 7-3 11.18 
 
 6 to 10, 4-33 4- 5- 
 
 10 to 20, 4-03 5- 6-3 
 
 20 to 30, 6-64 12- 9-87 
 
 30 to 40, 8-08 12- 10-58 
 
 40 to 50, 8-89 10- 8-88 
 
 50 to 60, 8-89 7-2 5-78 
 
 60 to 70, 9-15 5- 4-5 
 
 70 to 80, 7-83 3-5 3- 
 
 80 to 90, 3-18 1-9 1-67 
 
 90 to 100, 0-40 0-5 0-26 
 
 100 to 120, 0-09 ) . „ 
 
 110 to 120, 0-013 j ^'^^ 
 
 It would not be proper to regard the value of 
 life in different countries, or in different periods 
 in the same country, to be indicated by the ave- 
 rage mortality ; inasmuch as in one case a greater 
 mortality may occur amongst children, and in 
 another amongst adults. 
 
 Mortality, Bills op, BUh of Necrol'ogy, 
 Mor'tuary Reg"i8ters, (F.) Tables de Mortalite. 
 Tables, instituted for the purpose of exhibiting 
 the number of deaths, &c., in a given time. Well- 
 kept bills of mortality are of great use to the phy- 
 sician and political economist. Those of London 
 
 were proverbial for their inaccuracy and in- 
 suflBciency; especially as regards the compluiints 
 of which the persons have died. They were for- 
 merly made out by the parish clerks, and the in- 
 formation was conveyed to them by two old wo- 
 men, who were appointed in each parish, and 
 were called Searchers ; — their duty being to see 
 that the deceased had died a natural death. This 
 miserable system has, however, been abolished; 
 and the Registrar-General's annual reports of 
 births, deaths, and marriages, exhibit how admi- 
 rably vital statistics are now collected in Great 
 Britain. 
 
 MORTAR, llorta'rium, Iforeta'rium, Iforto'- 
 rium, Piso, Ac'one, Pila, Holmoa, Igde, Igdus, 
 (F.) Mortier. A vessel for reducing to powder 
 different solid substances, and for making certain 
 mixtures. Various substances are employed in 
 the construction of mortars ; — iron, marble, glass, 
 wedgewood ware, &c. 
 
 MORTARIOLUM, Alveolus. 
 
 MORTEL, Mortal. 
 
 MORTIER. Mortar. 
 
 MORTIFER. Lethiferous. 
 
 MORTIFICATIO, Mortification — m. Pulmo- 
 num, Neeropneumonia. 
 
 MORTIFICA'TION, 3Tort{fica'tio, Necro'sis, 
 Sphacela'tion, from mors, mortis, 'death,' and fio, 
 'I become.' The loss of vitality in a part of the 
 body. The incipient stage of mortification, when 
 the case is still recoverable, is called Gangrene; 
 when totally destroyed. Sphacelus. Mortification 
 of a bone is called Necrosis. 
 
 Mortification, Cold, Sphacelus — m. Ergot, 
 Ergotism — m. Hot, Gangrene — m. Mildew, Er- 
 gotism. 
 
 MORTOOTH, Cupri sulphas. 
 
 MORTUARY REGISTERS, Mortality, bills 
 of. 
 
 MORTUUS, Dead. 
 
 MORUM, see Morus nigra — m. Palpebrae in- 
 terna3. Trachoma carunculosum. 
 
 MORUS NIGRA, 3L laeinia'ta, 3Iul'herry 
 Tree, More'a, Sycami'nos, (F.) Miirier Noir, 
 Ord. Urticaeese. The fruit of the mulberry tree, 
 3forum, fiopov, Sycami'num, (F.) IlUre, is plea- 
 sant, sweet, subacid, and abounds with a deep 
 violet-coloured juice, Jlori snccits (Ph. L.). A 
 syrup is directed in the London Pharmacopoeia. 
 The bark of the root has been regarded as an 
 anthelmintic. 
 
 MORUS RUBRA, Red Mulberry, Wild Mul- 
 berry; indigenous. The root has been used to 
 destroy ta9nia. 
 
 MOR YE, Mucus, Nasal mucus ; see Equinia — 
 m. Farcineuse, see Equinia. 
 
 MOS, Habit. 
 
 Mos MoRBi Benkj'nus seu Malig'nus. The 
 benign, or malignant character of a disease. 
 
 MOSCHARDI'NA, Muscer'da, from noaxos, 
 'musk.' A lozenge for the mouth, composed of 
 musk, ambergris, and other aromatics. 
 
 MOSCHEL^'ON, MoscoWa. A compound 
 aromatic oil, containing musk. 
 
 MOSCHUS, Musk — m. Arahum, Hibiscus abel- 
 moschus — m. Factitious, Musk, artificial. 
 
 MOSCOL^A, Moschelaon. 
 
 MOSLICH, Maslach. 
 
 MOSQUITA, see Mosquito. 
 
 3I0SQUI'T0 (S.), Diminutive of (S.) mosca, 
 'a fly.' Mtisquito. A very troublesome insect in 
 warm, moist situations. Curtains, called 3Iosquito 
 curtains or bars, are used by way of protection. 
 The entrance of mosquitos into the bedchamber 
 may also be prevented, to a certain extent, by 
 keeping the doors and windows closed until the 
 lights are extinguished. The pain and itching 
 from the bites are alleviated by washing them 
 with hartshorn. 
 
MOSS BERRY 
 
 606 
 
 MOUTH 
 
 MosQUiTA is a name given, by the Portuguese, 
 to small, red pimples on the skin, resembling the 
 bites of the musquito. 
 
 MOSS BERRY, Vaccinium oxycoccos — m. 
 Ceylon, Fucus amylaceus — m. Club, Lycopodium 
 — m. Cup, Lichen pyxidatus — m. Edible, Fucus 
 amylaceus — m. Haircap, Polj'trichum Juniperi- 
 num — m. Iceland, Lichen Islandicus — m. Irish, 
 Fucus crispus — m. Jaffna, Fucus amylaceus — m. 
 Marine, Fucus amylaceus — m. Pearl, Chondrus 
 crispus — m. Wall, common yellow, Parmelia 
 parietina. 
 
 MOTA, Fagus castanea. 
 
 MOTAMEN, Motion. 
 
 MOTATIO, Motion. 
 
 MOTE, Carbasus, Linteum. 
 
 MOT EUR, Motory. 
 
 MOTHER, Hysteria, Phlegm. 
 
 MOTHER'S MARKS, Nsevus—m. Spots, 
 Nsevus. 
 
 MOTHERWORT, Leonurus cardiaca, Matri- 
 caria. 
 
 MOTIL'ITY, Motil'itas, from motus, 'move- 
 ment.' (F.) Motility., Motriciti. Faculty of 
 moving; moving povper; contractility. 
 
 MOTION, Ilottis, Mo'tio, Ifota'tio, Mota'wen, 
 Commo'tio, Pernio' tio, (movere, motum, 'to move.') 
 Cine'sis, 3fovement, (F.) Mouvement. The act of 
 changing place. The various motions may be 
 divided into, — First, the voluntary or those that 
 are executed under the influence of the brain. 
 Secondly, the involuntary, which may be subdi- 
 vided into, 1. The excited, of the reflex function 
 of Dr. Marshall Hall and others, — as the closure 
 of the larynx on the contact of acrid vapours, of 
 the pharynx on that of the food, — a function of 
 the spinal marrow; and, 2. Those that are exe- 
 cuted under the organic and other nerves of in- 
 voluntary function. It is probable, too, that 
 every living tissue is capable of moving respon- 
 sive to its appropriate irritant. See Irritability. 
 
 Motion, Ciliary, see Cilia — m. Involuntary, 
 see Automatic — m. Vibratory, see Ciliary — m. 
 Voluntary, Autocinesis. 
 
 MOTIVE, Motory. 
 
 MOTOR, Motory. 
 
 Motor Oculi Extkr'nus, Nervm tim'idua, 
 (F.) Nerf oculo-muscidaire exferne (Ch.), Nerf 
 notevir oculaire externe. Sixth pair of nerves, 
 arises from the furrow which separates the pons 
 Varolii from the medulla oblongata. It enters 
 the cavernous sinus; anastomoses on the outside 
 of the carotid artery with two filaments furnished 
 by the superior cervical ganglion ; enters the or- 
 bit by the sphenoidal fissure, and is lost on the 
 rectus externus oculi. This pair is, also, called 
 Ahdncenteg. 
 
 Moto'res Oculo'rum, Moto'rii Oculorum, Ocu- 
 la'res commu'nes, Ophthal'mici exter'ni. Common 
 Ocido-muscular Nerves, (F.) Nerfs moteurs ocu- 
 laires comniuns (Ch.), The third pair of nerves. 
 Par ter'timn. This nerve arises from a depres- 
 sion at the inner side of the peduncles of the 
 brain, between the tuber annulare and corpora 
 mammillaria. It enters the outer part of the 
 cavernous sinus, and passes into the orbitar 
 cavity. Behind the sphenoidal fissure, it divides 
 into two branches ; the one superior and the other 
 inferior. The former is lost on the rectus supe- 
 rior oculi and the levator palpebras superioris; 
 the latter — the larger of the two — divides into 
 three branches, which pass to the rectus internus, 
 rectus inferior, and lesser oblique. The last fur. 
 nishes a filament, which passes to the ophthalmic 
 ganglion. 
 
 MOTORIAL, Motory. 
 
 MOTORPATHY, Kinesipathy. 
 
 MO'TORY, Motive, Motor, Moto'rial, Matrix, 
 Kinet'ic or Cinet'ic, (F.) Moteur. Same etymon. 
 
 That which moves or causes movement, as motor 
 nerves, in contradistinction to sensory. 
 
 MOTOS, Linteum, Tent. 
 
 MOTO'SIS, ixoTo;, 'lint.' The application of 
 lint to a wound. 
 
 MOTRICITE, Motility. 
 
 MOTRIX, Motory. 
 
 MOTTE, Mons veneris. 
 
 MOTUM, Carbasus, Linteum. 
 
 MOTUS, Motion — m. Assimilationis, Plastic 
 force — m. Automaticus, see Automatic — m. Com- 
 pressorius, Peristole — m. Cordis diastalticus. Dia- 
 stole — m. Hfemorrhoidalis, H^morrhois — m. In- 
 testinorum, Borborygmus — m. Involuntarius, see 
 Autocinesis — m. Peristal ticus. Peristole — m. Tes- 
 tudineus, Peristole — m. Vermicularis, Peristole — 
 m. Voluntarius, Autocinesis. 
 
 MOV CHE, Cantharis — m. d'Espagne, Can- 
 tharis. 
 
 MOUCHER L' ACTION DE, Munctio. 
 
 MOUCHES, see Pains, labour — m. Volantes, 
 see Metamorphopsia. 
 
 MOUCHETURE, see Scarification. 
 
 MOUCHOIR EN TRIANGLE, Couvrechef, 
 see Bandeau. 
 
 MOUFETTE, see Mephitism. 
 
 MOULD, Fontanella. 
 
 MOULE, Mytilus edulis. 
 
 MOULEUR, Muller. 
 
 MOULTING, Desquamation. 
 
 MOUNTAIN ASH, Sorbus acuparia— ni. Ash, 
 American, Sorbus Americana — m. Sickness, 
 Puna. 
 
 3WUREILLER, Malpighia mourella. 
 
 MOURON DES OISEAUX, Alsine media— 
 m. Rouge, Anagallis. 
 
 MOUSE-EAR, Alsine media, Hieracium pilo- 
 
 MOUSE-SIGHT, Myopia, 
 
 MOUSSE DE CORSE, Corallina Corsieana 
 — 7n. d'lalande, Lichen Islandicus — m. d'Irlande, 
 Fucus crispus — m. Marine perlee. Lichen Island- 
 icus — m. Perlee, Fucus crispus. 
 
 MOUSSERON, see Agaric. 
 
 3I0USSEUX, Srothy. 
 
 MOUSTACHE, Mystax. 
 
 MOUT DE LA BIERE, Wort. 
 
 MOVTARDE, Sinapis — ?re. des Allemands, 
 Cochlearia armoracia — m. des Moines, Cochlearia 
 armoracia. 
 
 MOUTH, Sax. muS, Os, Cavum Oris, Stoma, 
 Gab, (Sc.) Mow, (Prov.) Gob, (F.) Bouche. Thia 
 word sometimes signifies the cavity situate be- 
 tween the jaws, and containing the tongue, &c.; 
 — at others, the outer orifice of that cavity. The 
 mouth, in the first acceptation, Cav'itas seu Spa'- 
 tium Oris, is the cavity; bounded, above, by the 
 palatine arch ; helow, by the tongue ; before, by 
 the lips; and behind, by the velum palati and 
 pharynx. The sides of the mouth and the or- 
 gans it contains are lined by a mucous membrane 
 The anterior aperture of the mouth is, sometimes, 
 called yacj'aZ — the '<posierior, pharyngeal. In the 
 mouth are the teeth, gums, alveolar margins, 
 tongue; the excretory ducts of the salivary 
 glands, and those of a number of mucous follicles, 
 &c. It is in this cavity that the food is cut, torn, 
 or bruised by the teeth ; is impregnated with 
 saliva, and formed into a mass or bolus, which is 
 then subjected to the act of deglutition. The 
 mouth contains the organs of taste ; and it serves 
 in respiration, articulation, expectoration, suc- 
 tion, &c. 
 
 The condition of the mouth requires to be at- 
 tended to in Semeiology. The state of the mu- 
 cous membrane, like that of the tongue, indicates 
 the condition of the membrane of the alimentary 
 canal generally. 
 
MO UVEMEXT 
 
 607 
 
 MUCRO 
 
 Mouth, Os, Anertu'ra, Or!Jic"iam, Hia'tus, 
 Pcristn'minm, is, also, applied to the open extre- 
 mities of vessels or other canals. 
 MotiTH Root, Coptis. 
 MoL-TH, Sore, Aphthae. 
 Mot^TH Watering, see Salivation. 
 MOUVEMENT, Motion— m. PeristaUique, see 
 Peristole. 
 
 MOVEMENT, Motion— m. Cure, Kinesipathy. 
 MOW, Mouth. 
 
 MOXA, iloxihu'riinn, A word by ■which the 
 Chinese and Japanese designate a cottony sub- 
 stance, which they prepare by beating the dried 
 leaves of the Artemisia moxa, — a kind of mug- 
 wort. With this down they form a cone, which 
 is placed upon the part intended to be cauterized, 
 and is set fire to at the top. The heat and pain 
 gradually increase, in proportion as the combus- 
 tion proceeds downwards, until ultimately an 
 eschar may be formed. In Europe and this 
 country, the same operation is usually practised 
 with a cylinder of cotton-wool, or with one formed 
 from the pith of the greater sun-flower. This 
 mode of cauterization is employed as a powerful 
 counter-irritant; which it assuredly is. Slough- 
 ing may be in some measure prevented, according 
 to Baron Larrey, by the application of liquid am- 
 monia to the burnt part. 
 
 The term moxa has been extended to any sub- 
 stance, which by gradual combustion on or near 
 the skin is employed as a counter-irritant, — as 
 the electric or galvanic moxa or cautery, in which 
 voltaic electricity is employed as the cauterizing 
 agent. 
 
 MOXIBURIUM, Moxa. 
 
 MOXIBUS'TION, Moxibus'tio, Moxocnu'ain, 
 Encau'ein. Mode of cauterization by means of 
 moxa. 
 
 MOXOCAUSIS, Moxibustion. 
 
 MOXON'S EFFERVESCING MAGNESIA, 
 see Magnesia, effervescing, Moxon's. 
 
 MUCAGO, Liquor sanguinis, Mucilage. 
 
 MUCARUM, Mucharum. 
 
 MUCCINIUM, Mucilage. 
 
 MUCEDO, Mucilage. 
 
 MUCHA'RUM, Muca'rum. A barbarous term, 
 formerly used for an aqueous infusion of roses, 
 sweetened, and evaporated to the consistence of 
 syrup. 
 
 MUCIFIC, Blennogenous. 
 
 MU'CIFORM, 3Iueiform'is, ^Fyxo'des, Blen- 
 no'des, BlennoVdea, BlennoVdeus, from mucus, 
 &nA. forma, 'form.' Resembling mucus in cha- 
 racter or appearance. 
 
 MU' OIL AGE, Mucila'go, 3Iuca'c/o, Iftice'do, 
 JIuccin'ium, from the Lat. mucus, — itself pre- 
 sumed to be from mungere, munctum, 'to wipe the 
 nose.' A mixture of gum and a small quantity 
 of matter analogous to mucus, which is found in 
 abundance in linseed, quince-seed, &c. It is ob- 
 tained by heating in water the parts, or pro- 
 ducts, of plants which contain it. It is much 
 used in the preparation of emollient cataplasms 
 and the greater part of the demulcent tisanes, 
 (F.) Hydroles, Hydrolites. 
 
 Mucilage, see Liquor sanguinis — m. Adragant, 
 Mucilago astragali tragacanthas — m. de gomnie 
 Adragante, Mucilago astragali tragacanthie — m. 
 de gomme Arabiqiie, Mucilago acaciae. 
 
 Mucilage, Animal, Mucus. 
 
 MUCILAGE ARABIQUE, Mucilago acaciEe 
 — m. of Barley, Mucilago hordei — m. of Quince- 
 seeds, Decoctum cydonia; — m. of Rice, see Oryza 
 — m. of Sassafras Pith, Infusum sassafras me- 
 dullas. 
 
 Mucilage, Starch, Mucilago amj'Ii. 
 
 MUCILAGINEUX, Mucilaginous. 
 
 MUCILAG"INOUS, Jfucilagino'sue, Gummo'- 
 sua, Gummio'des, Gummido'des, (F.) Mucilagineax. 
 Gummy. Resembling gum. That which pos- 
 sesses the character of mucilage. 
 
 MUCILAGO, Mucilage, Mucilago Acaeiise, Sy- 
 novia. 
 
 Mucilago Aca'ci^, 31. Acacim Arah'iccB seu 
 Gummi Arab'iccB, Mucila'go, Mistu'ra Aca'cia, 
 Mucilage of aca'cia or of gum Arabic, (F.) 3Lici- 
 lage Arabique _ou de gomme Arahique. {Acacias 
 gum. contus. giv; aq. bullient. Oss. Rub the 
 gum with the water gradually added.) Demul- 
 cent. To allay cough; but, chiefly, to suspend 
 insoluble matters in water, &c. 
 
 Mucilago Am'yli, Starch mucilage, Decoc'tvrit 
 Am'yli. {Amyli, ^iij ; aqua, Oj. Rub the starch 
 with the water gradually added; then boil till it 
 forms a mucilage.— Ph. L.) Demulcent. Gene- 
 rally given 2)er anum. 
 
 Mucilago Articulorum seu Juncturaruji, 
 Synovia. 
 
 Mucilago Astrag'ali Tragacan'th^e. 31. tra- 
 gacanthcB (Ph. U. S.) seu gummi trogacanthcB, 
 3Iucilage of tragacanth, 31ucilage Adragant ou 
 de gomme Adragante. (Gummi tragacauth. 3J ; 
 aqucE bullient. Oj. Macerate for 24 hours ; tritu- 
 rate till the gum is dissolved, and press through 
 linen.) Used for pharmaceutical purposes. 
 
 Mucilago Ceetica, Misturce cretee — m. Gum- 
 mi Arabici, M. acacise. 
 
 Mucila'go Hor'dei, 3Iu'cilage of Barley. 
 (Hordei, ^ss, (avoirdupois) Aqua, f^xvi. Tri- 
 turate well; and boil. Ph. D.) A vehicle for 
 substances given in enemata. 
 
 Mucilago Sesiinis Cydonii Mali, Decoctum 
 cydoniae — m. Gummi tragacanthse, M. astragali 
 tragacanthse — m. Tragacanthse, M. astragali 
 tragacanthaj. 
 
 MUCIN, Mucus. 
 
 MUCIP'AROUS, 3Tucip'arus, (F.) 3htcipare, 
 from mucus, and p<irio, ' I bring forth.' Mucus- 
 producing ; as muciparous glands or follicles. 
 
 MUCI'TIS, 3fycodermi'tis, from mucus, and 
 itis, denoting inflammation. A term, badly formed, 
 for inflammation of a mucous membrane. 
 
 MUCKSWEAT, Desudatio. 
 
 MUCOCE'LE, Hernia sacci lacryma'lis, from 
 m!icu», and Kri>.rj, 'rupture.' An enlargement or 
 protrusion of the mucous membrane of the lachry- 
 mal^ passages, giving occasion to fistula lacry- 
 malis. Also, dropsy of the lacrymal sac. 
 
 MUCO-ENTERITIS, see Enteritis. 
 
 MUCO-PU'RULENT, 3fuco-pHr,den'tus, Pyo- 
 blen'nicus, from mucus, and pus. Having the 
 character or appearance of mucus and pus. 
 
 MUCOR, Euros, Mucus — m. Narium, Nasal 
 mucus. 
 
 MUCOSIN, see Mucus. 
 
 MUCOSITAS, Mucosity, Mucus. 
 
 MUCOS'ITT, 3fucos'itas, (F.) 3[ucosite. A 
 fluid, which resembles mucus, or contains a cer- 
 tain quantity of it. 
 
 MUCOUS, 3Tueo'sus, (F.) 3Iuqneux. An epi- 
 thet for all bodies containing mucilage or mueuj. 
 It is, also, sometimes used synonymously with 
 gummy. In pathology, it is occasionally em- 
 ployed to express the seat of a disease, as mucout 
 disease, mucous pihlegmasia ; that is, having its 
 seat in a mucous membrane. 
 
 Mucous Corpuscles, see Mucus — m. Layer, 
 see Tache embryonnaire — m. Membranes, see 
 Membranes — m. Web, Corpus mucosum. 
 
 MUCRO, Apex. 
 
MUCRONATA CAETILAGO 608 
 
 MULSUM 
 
 MucRO seu Cor'ypTie seu Fundus seu Vertex 
 Cordis. The apex or point of the heart. 
 MucEio HaiiBRi, Acromion. 
 MUCRONATA CARTILAGO, Xiphoid car- 
 tilage. 
 
 MUCRONATUM OS, Xiphoid cartilage. 
 MU'CULENT, iluculen'tus, from mucus. Slimy, 
 viscid. 
 
 MUCUISrA, see Doliehos pruriens — m. Pru- 
 riens, Doliehos pruriens — m. Prurita, see Do- 
 liehos pruriens. 
 
 MUCUS, llucor, Muco'sus humor, Mucoa'itas, 
 Myxa, Mi/cus, Lape, Fitui'ta, Blenna, Zoomi/'- 
 cus, Zoomyx'a, Pit'uite, Animal mucus, Animal 
 mucilage, (F.) Muqueux animal, 3Iorve, Mucilage 
 .animal, presumed to he from mungere, 'to wipe 
 the nose.' A substance, analogous to vegetable 
 mucilage ; from which, however, it differs, by 
 affording subcarbonate of ammonia on distilla- 
 tion. Mucus exudes through the skin, in a state 
 of combination with a peculiar oily matter ; and, 
 drying, forms the epidermis. It constitutes, in 
 part, the different epidermeous productions, as 
 the hair, nails, wool, and horn of animals, feathers 
 of birds, and scales of fish. It is found at the 
 surface of the mucous membranes, and presents 
 some difference in its composition and properties, 
 according to the particular mucous membrane 
 from which it is obtained. Its chief organic con- 
 stituent is an albuminoid compound, — mucin, mu- 
 cosin. Mucus preserves the membranes moist, 
 and in a state best fitted for the performance of 
 their functions. The French give the term glaire 
 to the thick, stringy mucus, secreted by the mu- 
 cous membranes when in a state of disease. 
 
 When mucus is examined with the microscope 
 it is found to contain numerous epithelial scales 
 or flattened cells ; together with round, granular 
 bodies, commonly termed mucous corpuscles or 
 mucous globules, which are contained in a fluid 
 portion — liquor muci. 
 
 Mucus Carphodes, see Carphodes — m. Ca- 
 tharticus. Lichen Islandicus — m. Malpighii, Cor- 
 pus mucosum — m. Narium, Nasal mucus. 
 
 MUD-APPLE PLANT, Solanum melongena. 
 MUDAR, Madar. The Calotropis madarii seu 
 madarii, C. gigante'a, Ascle'pias gigante'a, Ma- 
 do'rius. Ord. Asclepiadacege. In the Hindoo 
 practice of physic, the bark of the root, as well 
 as the concrete juice of the plant, enters into 
 various compound formulae for the cure of ele- 
 phantiasis and many other disorders. Experi- 
 ments instituted by Dr. Duncan, Jr., exhibit its 
 properties to be like those of ipeca'cuanha. Mixed 
 with oil it is used in gout in Malabar. 
 MUDGE'S INHALER, see Inhaler. 
 MUDLICK, see Kentucky, Mineral waters of. 
 3fUGUET, Aphthae, Convallaria maialis — m. 
 des Bois, Asperula odorata — m. de Mai, Conval- 
 laria maialis. 
 
 MUGWORT, Artemisia vulgaris. 
 MULATRE, Mulatto. 
 
 MULATTO, (F.) 3Mdtre, (S.) Mulata. An 
 individual of the human species engendered of a 
 white and black race ; from mulus, ' a mule.' 
 
 The following table exhibits the proportion of 
 white blood in the various castes, — arising from 
 the hybridous admixture of white and black, — 
 according to the principles sanctioned by usage. 
 
 OFFSPRING. 
 
 DEGREE OP MIXTURE. 
 
 Negro and White Mulatto, 1-2 White, 
 
 White and Mulatto, Terceron 3-4 
 
 1 T.T 1 ii f Griffo, Griff, or Zambo, ] , . 
 
 Negro and Mulatto, | or Black Terceron, j ^'^ 
 
 White and Terceron, Quarteron or Quadroon, 7-8 
 
 Negro and Terceron Black Quarteron or Quadroon.... 1-8 ■ 
 
 White and Quarteron Quinteron, 15-16 
 
 Negro and Black Quarteron, Black Quinteron 1-16 
 
 1-2 
 
 1-4 
 
 3-4 
 
 1-8 
 
 7-8 
 
 1-16 
 
 15-16 
 
 Black. 
 
 The last two were considered to be respectively 
 white and black, in the British West India 
 Islands ; and the former, prior to modern 
 changes, were white by law, and consequently 
 free. See Half-caste. 
 
 Mulatto .Jack, Fever, yellow. 
 MULBERRY CALCULUS, see Calculi, uri- 
 nary. 
 
 Mul'berry Mass. The mulberry-like appear- 
 ance, presented by the embryo, at a very early 
 stage, when the different cells have drawn around 
 them a portion of the vitellus or yolk. 
 
 Mulberry Rash, see Typhus — m. Red, Morus 
 rubra — m. Tree, Morus nigra — m. Wild, Morus 
 rubra. 
 
 MULES (P.), 3fulcB. Chilblains on the heels. 
 3IULET, Hybrid. 
 
 MULGE'DIUM ACUMINA'TUM, {mulgere, 
 tnidsum, ' to milk,') Lactu'ca villo'sa, Blue Let- 
 tuce j and 
 
 Mulge'dium Florida'num, Lactu'ca Florida'- 
 na, Sonchus Florida'nus, False Lettuce; indige- 
 nous plants ; Order, Compositae ; have the repu- 
 tation of curing the bites of rattlesnakes. 
 MULIEBRIA,. Menses, Vulva. 
 MULIEBRITY, Mulieritas. 
 
 MULIEBROS'ITAS, Phylogyn'ia, from mulier, 
 'a woman,' midiehria, 'appertaining to women.' 
 Fondness for women. Hence, 3Iuliebro'sus, 3fu- 
 liera'rius, and Muliero'sns ; one who is fond of 
 women. 
 
 MULIEBROSUS, see Muliebrositas. 
 
 MULIERARIUS, see Muliebrositas. 
 
 MULIE'RITAS, 3Iulieh'rity, Womanhood, from 
 mulier, 'a woman.' The state of puberty in the 
 female. 
 
 MULIEROSUS, see Muliebrositas. 
 
 MULIER PLENA, Pregnant. 
 
 MULLED WINE, see Wine. 
 
 MULLEIN, BLACK, Verbascum nigrum — m. 
 Broad-leaved, great, Verbascum nigrum — m. 
 Yellow, Verbascum nigrum. 
 
 MULLER, (F.) 3Iouleur. A moulder. A stone 
 held in the hand, with which any powder is 
 ground upon a horizontal slab. It is sometimes 
 called mullet, (F.) Mollette. 
 
 MULLIGRUBS, Tormina, Colic. 
 
 MULLIN, Melizomum. 
 
 MULOMEDICINA, Veterinary art. 
 
 MULOMEDICUS, see Hippiater. 
 
 MULSA ACIDA, Oxyglyeus. 
 ll MULSUM, Hydromeli — m. Vinosum, (EnomeL 
 
MULTIFIDUS SPIN.E 
 
 G09 
 
 MUSA 
 
 MULTIFIDUS SPIN^, Transversalis dorsi. 
 MULTIFCETA'TIOX, Jluhi/a-ta'tio, from mtd- 
 tus, ' many,' and foetus. Pregnancy with more 
 than two foetuses. 
 
 MULTILOC'ULAR, Mnldloeula'ns, from mul- 
 tus, 'many,' and loculus, 'a eell.' Having many 
 cells or small cavities. 
 
 MULTIMAM'M^, (F.) Multimammea, from 
 vtultus, 'many,' and mamma, 'a breast.' A variety 
 of hypergenesis, in which there are supernume- 
 rary mammae. 
 
 MULTIP'AROUS, J/M?fi>'ar»«8, (F.) Ifnltipare, 
 from midtus, 'many,' and joar/re, ' to bring forth.' 
 One that brings forth several young at the same 
 time. Such a birth is called ^^uraL 
 
 MULTIPLICATION MERISMATIQTJE, see 
 Generation. 
 MULTITUDO, Plethora. 
 MULTIVORANTIA, Polyphagia. 
 MULTIVOROUS, Polyphagous. 
 MUMIA, Mummy — m. de Medullis, Marrow. 
 MUMISATIO, Mummification. 
 MUMMIFICA'TION, Mumisa'tio, from mum- 
 vry, svadi fio, 'to be made.' Sceleteu'sie. The 
 mode of preparing a mummy. 
 
 MUMMY, Ilumia, Arab. 3Ioiimya, from mum, 
 'wax.' Reholea, Rehona, (F.) Jfomie. A dead 
 body simply dried, or dried after having been 
 embalmed. The latter acceptation is the most 
 common. Formerly, the Egj'ptian mummy was 
 extolled as useful in contusions. It was pre- 
 sumed, also, to have healing, tonic, and resolvent 
 properties. It is now only regarded as an archai- 
 cal curiosity. 
 
 MUMPS, Cynanche parotidea. 
 MUNCHATOE, Mystax. 
 
 MUNC'TIO, Apomex'is, (F.) V Action de mou- 
 cher, from miingere, munctttm, 'to blow the nose.' 
 The act of blowing the nose. 
 
 MUNDIFICANTIA, Detergents. 
 MUNDIFICATIVA, Detergents. 
 MUND'TIA SPINO'SA. A plant of the Nat. 
 Ord. Polygalese, which grows in Southern Africa, 
 und a decoction of whose branches is used in 
 atrophy, phthisis, &c. 
 
 MUNGOS RADIX, Ophiorrhiza mungos. 
 MUNGREL, Hybrid. 
 MUNIMENTUM GASTITATIS, Hymen. 
 MUQUEUX ANUIAL, Mucus. 
 MUR, see Coryza. 
 
 MURAL, Mura'lis, from miirm, 'a wall.' Ve- 
 sical calculi are so called, when rugous and co- 
 vered with tubercles or asperities. They are 
 composed of oxalate of lime. 
 MURE, Moro, see Moros nigra. 
 MURFLES, Ephelides, Papulae. 
 MU'RIA, Halme, Sahila'go, Brine, (F.) Sait- 
 mure, ('aXfjivpt;, 'salt water.') This was formerly 
 used as a glyster in dysentery, in certain invete- 
 rate neuralgias, &c. 
 
 MuRiA, Soda, muriate of. 
 MURIAS AURICO-NATRICUM, see Gold. 
 MURIATE B'AMMONIAQUE, Ammonia 
 murias — m. d'Ammoniaque et defer, Ferrum am- 
 moniatum — m. d'Or, Gold, muriate of, see Gold. 
 MURIAT'IC ACID, from muria; Ac"idum 
 salts seu mrtri'num coneentra' turn seu salts culina'- 
 ris seu salis mari'ni, Spir'itus salts mari'ni seu 
 sails Glauhe'ri seu salis ac"idus seu fumans, 
 Acidum htjdrochlor'icum seu muriat'ieum. Spirit 
 of salt, (F.) Acide kydrocMorique ou muriatique. 
 An aqueous solution of chlorohydric acid gas of 
 s. g. 1-16. The odour of muriatic acid is suffo- 
 cating ; taste very acid and caustic. It is nearly 
 39 
 
 colourless when pure; but commonly of a pale 
 yellow ; volatile ; the fumes visible. Muriatic 
 acid is possessed of tonic and antiseptic proper- 
 ties. It is used in typhus; cutaneous eruptions; 
 in gargles for inflammatory and putrid sore 
 throats, (gtt. xxx to f.^vj of water,) &e. When 
 added to a pediluvium, it renders it stimulating. 
 AciDCM MuRiAT'icuir Dilu'tum of the Ph. U. 
 S. contains four fluidounces of muriatic acid, to 
 twelve fluidounces of distilled water. 
 MURIDE, Bromine. 
 3IURIER NOIR, Morus nigra. 
 MURIGENE, Chlorine. 
 MURINA, Bromine. 
 
 MURMUR, (F.) Murmni-e. A word existing 
 both in the Romanic and Teutonic languages, and 
 probably a variety of onomatopoeia; — mur mnr 
 expressing the kind of sound which the word in- 
 dicates. A low continued or continuously re- 
 peated sound, as that of flame, or of a stream 
 running over a stony bottom. 
 
 Murmur Aurium, Tinnitus Aurium — m. In- 
 testinale seu intestinorum seu Ventris, Borboryg- 
 mus. 
 
 Murmur, Res'piratort. (F.) Bruit respira- 
 toire. The noise heard during inspiration and 
 expiration, especially the former. It is produced 
 by the passage of the air through the bronchial 
 tubes and into the air-cells. It has been also 
 called murmur of the expansion of the lungs, (P.) 
 Bruit d'expansion pulmonaire ; and, when dis- 
 tinctly vesicular. Respiration of the cells or ve~ 
 sicular respiration, (F.) Respirattun ou niurmure 
 vesiculaire. Vesicular respiration is of course 
 absent when the cells of the lungs have been ob- 
 literated from any cause. We may then have 
 the Respiration nulle, Absence du bruit respira- 
 toire, Silence, and Respiration silencieuse of the 
 French writers. 
 
 At times, it is rude during inspiration or expi- 
 ration, or both — the Resjnration rude or R. rd- 
 peuse of the French. At others, there is a bloic- 
 ing sound, (F.) Souffle, Respiration soufflante, as 
 if some one were blowing into the auscultator's 
 ear through a tube. This is heard in the healthy 
 state over the larynx, trachea, (F.) Souffle tra- 
 cheal, and about the bifurcation of the bronchia, 
 (F.) Souffle bronchique ; but when it proceeds 
 from the lungs it denotes disease. It may be 
 tubidar or diffused. In the former, the whifflng 
 murmurs appear to occur in a space limited to the 
 immediate neighbourhood of the part examined. 
 In the latter, they are produced with but mode- 
 rate intensity, and sometimes at a distance from 
 the ear, over a tolerably extended space. 
 
 The respiration, perceived over the trachea and 
 bronchia in health, is called tracheal or bronchial 
 or tubal, (F.) Respiration bronchique. Souffle ttt- 
 baire, according to the situation in which it is 
 heard. 
 
 Murmur, Uterine, Bruit lAacentaire — m. 
 Utero-placental, Bruit plaeentaire. 
 Murmur, Whiffing;, see Murmur, respiratory. 
 MURR, Murrain, from A. S. mypnhail, 'to 
 destroy,' or from (L.) wior)', ' to die.' (F.) Claveau, 
 Clavelee, Pestilential Fever. An epizootic, per- 
 haps contagious, disease, having some resemblance 
 to small-pox, which affects cattle — especially 
 sheep ; and is said to have been transferred to 
 man. 
 
 MURRAIN, see Coryza. 
 MURREN, Coryza. 
 
 MUSA, M. Paradisiaca — m. Cliffortiana, M. 
 Paradisiaca — m. Mensaria, M. Paradisiaca. 
 
 MuSA Paradisi'aca, Musa, M. 3Iensa'ria sen 
 Cliffortia'na, Amuaa, Palma hu'milis, Ficua /»'- 
 
MUSO 
 
 610 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 diea, Bata, Plat'amis, Plantain tree. Family, 
 Musacese. ^S'ea:. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. 
 It grows in many parts of India and South 
 America. The fruit, which is largely eaten for 
 bread, consists of a mealy substance, Plantain 
 meal, Conquin-tay. It is clammy; has a sweetish 
 taste, and will dissolve in the mouth without chew- 
 ing. The whole spike of fruit often weighs forty 
 or fifty pounds. The leaves of the tree serve the 
 Indians for tablecloths and napkins. Being 
 smooth and soft, they are also employed as dress- 
 ings for blisters. The water from the soft trunk 
 is astringent, and sometimes used in diarrhoea. 
 
 MusA Sapien'tum. The Batin'na free, Baco'- 
 ba, (F.) Bananier, Bacove. This differs some- 
 what from the last. The fruit, Bana'tm, (S.) 
 Platano, is shorter, straighter, and rounder; the 
 pulp softer and of a more luscious taste. When 
 ripe, it is very agreeable ; it is eaten like the 
 plantain, and relished by all ranks of people in 
 the West Indies. Both varieties are natives of 
 Guinea. 
 
 MUSC, Musk. 
 
 MUSCA HISPANICA, Cantharis. 
 
 MUSC^ ENTO- HYALOID, see Metamor- 
 phopsia — m. Volitantes, see Metamorphopsia. 
 
 3IUSCADE, see Myristica moschata. 
 
 MUSCADIER, Myristica moschata. 
 
 MUSCERDA, Moschardina. 
 
 MUSCLE, (old Eng.) Brawn, Mns'cnlits, Torm, 
 Lacer'tus, Mys, 3Iyon, from fivg. 'a mouse or rat;' 
 because, say some etymologists, the ancients com- 
 pared the muscles to flayed mice or rats. Accord- 
 ing to Diemerbroeck, Douglass, Chaussier, Ac, 
 Itvuv comes rather from nvciv, ' to close,' ' to move,' 
 &c., a function proper to muscles. This etymon 
 is the more probable. Muscles have been divided 
 into those of Animal life or of the life of relation 
 — voluntary muscles — which execute movements 
 under the influence of the will; as the muscles 
 
 of the limbs, head, trunk, &c., and into those of 
 organic life-^involuntary muscles — which contract 
 under the influence of certain special stimuli; as 
 the heart, fleshy fibres of the stomach, &c. Mixed 
 muscles are those which belong partly to each of 
 these divisions ; — as the muscles of respiration ; 
 the sphincters, &c. Muscles that act in oppo- 
 sition to each other are called antagonists ; thus, 
 every extensor has a flexor for an antagonist, and 
 conversely. Muscles that concur in the same 
 action are termed congenerous. The muscles 
 present numerous varieties in form, size, situa- 
 tion, use, &c., and have been divided, by some, 
 into long, broad, and short. Each of these divi- 
 sions comprises simple and compound muscles. 
 Simjyle or rectilinear muscles have all their fibres 
 in a similar direction, and only one body — as the 
 Sartorivs, Pronator quadratus, &c. Compound 
 muscles are those which have only one belly and 
 several tendons, as the flexors of the fingers and 
 toes; or several bellies and several tendons, — as 
 the biceps flexor cubiti, sacro-lumbalis, &c. To 
 the compound muscles belong, also, the radiated 
 muscles. Their fibres set out from a common 
 centre, and are arranged like the radii of a circle ; 
 — such are the diaphragm, iliacus, temporal, &e. 
 Pennated or Penniform 3[uscles. Their fibres 
 are arranged in two rows, which are united at a 
 median line, at greater or less angles; nearly as 
 the feathers are inserted into a quill. The pal- 
 maris longus is one of these. Semi-penniform 
 muscles: their fibres are oblique, as in the last 
 case ; but they are inserted only on one side of 
 the tendon. Holloio 3fuscles are, — the heart, in- 
 testines, urinary bladder, Ac. 
 
 Much difference has existed in the enumera- 
 tion of muscles. Some authors reckon them at 
 upwards of 400. Chaussier admits only 368 
 The greater part of them are in pairs. Very few 
 are azygous. 
 
 TABLE OE THE MUSCLES, ARRANGED AFTER THE MANNER OF DR. BARCLAY, 
 ACCORDING TO THEIR ACTIONS. 
 
 Foneards by 
 
 Platysma myoides, 
 Sterno-niastoideus, 
 Rectus anticus major, 
 minor, 
 
 .Assisted {when the Imcerjaw is 
 fixed) by 
 
 Mylo-hyoideus, 
 Genio-hyoideus, 
 Genio-hyo-glossiis, 
 Disastrici. 
 
 THE HEAD IS MOVED 
 
 Backwards by 
 
 Part of trapezius, 
 Splenius capitis, 
 Complexus, 
 Trachelo-mastoideus, 
 Rectus posticus major, 
 " " minor, 
 
 Obliquus capitis superior. 
 
 To either aide by 
 
 Platysma myoides, 
 Sterno-mastoideus, 
 Part of trapezius, 
 Splenius capitis, 
 
 " colli, 
 Trachelo-mastoideuB, 
 Complexus. 
 
 THE NECK IS MOTED 
 
 Forwards by 
 
 Platysma myoides, 
 
 Sterno-mastoideus, 
 
 Digastricus, 
 
 Mylo-hyoideus, 
 
 Genio-hyoideus, 
 
 Genio-hyo-glossu3 
 
 Omo hyoidei, 
 
 Sterno-hyoidei, 
 
 Thyro-hyoidei, 
 
 Rectus anticus minor, 
 
 Longus colli. 
 
 S7 
 
 Backwards by 
 
 Part of trapezius, 
 Rhomboideus minor, 
 Serratus posticus superior, 
 Splenius capitis, 
 
 colli, 
 Complexus, 
 Trachelo-mastoideus, 
 Transversalis colli, 
 Inter-spinales colli, 
 Semi-spinales colli. 
 Rectus posticus major, 
 " " minor, 
 
 Obliquus capitis superior, 
 " " inferior, 
 
 Scaleni postici. 
 Levator scapulee. 
 
 Laterally 5y 
 
 Various combinations of those mus- 
 cles which separately move it for 
 wards and backwards, assisted by 
 the scaleni, intertransvarsales, and 
 recti lateralea. 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 611 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 Forwards by 
 
 Rer.tus abdominis, 
 Pyramidalis, 
 
 Obliquus externus abdominis, 
 f)lili(iuus internus, 
 Psoas inagtius, 
 parvus, 
 
 Assisted [wken the arms are carried 
 
 forwards) ky 
 Pectoralis major, 
 " minor, 
 
 Serratus magnus. 
 
 THE TRUNK IS MOVED 
 
 Backwards by 
 
 Trapezius, 
 Rhomboideus major, 
 Latissimus dorsi, 
 Serratus posticus superior, 
 " " inferior, 
 
 Sacro-Iumbalis, 
 Longissimus dorsi, 
 Spinales dorsi, 
 Senii-spinales dorsi, 
 Mullifidus spinffi, 
 
 Inter-transversales dorsi et lumbo- 
 rum. 
 
 Laterally by 
 
 Obliquus externus, 
 " internus, 
 Q,uadratus lumborunj, 
 Longissimus dorsi, 
 Sacro-lumbalis, 
 Serrati postici, 
 Latissimus dorsi. 
 
 TEE SCAPULA IS MOVED 
 
 Upivards by 
 
 Trapezius, 
 Levator scapuls, 
 Rhomboidei. 
 
 Downwards by 
 
 Lower part of trapezius, 
 Latissimus dorsi, 
 Pectoralis minor. 
 
 Forwards by 
 
 Pectoralis minor, 
 Serratus magnus. 
 
 Backwcrds by 
 
 Part of trapezius, 
 Rhomboidei, 
 Latissimus dorsi. 
 
 THE HUMERCrS IS MOVED 
 
 Forwards by 
 
 Part of deltoid. 
 
 Part of pectoralis major, 
 
 .Issisted in some circum- 
 stances by 
 Biceps, 
 Coraco-brachialis. 
 
 Backwards by 
 
 Part of deltoid, 
 Teres major, 
 " minor. 
 Long head of triceps, 
 Latissimus dorsi. 
 
 Inwards by 
 
 Part of pectoralis major, 
 Latissimus dorsi. 
 
 Rotated inwards by 
 Subscapularis, 
 
 Assisted occasionally by 
 
 Pectoralis major, 
 
 Latissimus and teres ma- 
 jor. 
 
 Outwards by 
 Supra-spinatus, 
 Infraspinatus, 
 Teres minor. 
 
 THE FOHE-AEM IS MOVED 
 
 Forwards by 
 
 Biceps, 
 
 Brachialis anticus. 
 Pronator teres. 
 
 Assisted by 
 Flexor carpi radialis, 
 
 " sublimis, 
 
 " ulnaris. 
 Supinator longus. 
 
 Backwards by 
 
 Triceps, 
 Anconeus. 
 
 Rotated inwards by 
 
 Pronator teres. 
 Flexor carpi radialis, 
 Palmaris longus. 
 Flexor sublimis. 
 Pronator quadratus, 
 
 Outwards by 
 Biceps, 
 
 Supinator brevis. 
 Extensor secundi inter- 
 Bodii. 
 
 THE CAEPUS IS MOVED 
 
 Forwards by 
 
 Flexor carpi radialis, 
 
 Palmaris longus. 
 
 Flexor sublimis, 
 " carpi ulnaris, 
 " profundus, 
 " longus poUicis. 
 
 Backwards by 
 
 Extensor carpi radialis 
 
 longior. 
 Extensor carpi radialis 
 
 brevior. 
 Extensor secundi inter- 
 
 nodii. 
 Indicator, 
 Extensor communis digi- 
 
 torum. 
 Extensor proprius poUicis. 
 
 Outwards by 
 
 Flexor carpi radialis. 
 Extensor carpi radialis 
 
 longior. 
 Extensor carpi radialis 
 
 brevior. 
 Extensor ossis metacarpi. 
 Extensor primi internodii. 
 
 Inwards by 
 
 Flexor sublimis, 
 " carpi ulnaris, 
 " profundus. 
 
 Extensor communis digi' 
 torum. 
 
 Extensor minimi digiti. 
 
 Extensor carpi ulnaris. 
 
 THE THUMB IS MOVED 
 
 Inwards and forwards, 
 across the palm, by 
 
 Opponens poUicis, 
 Flexor brevis, 
 " locgus 
 
 Outwards and backwards 
 
 Upwards and forwards, 
 away from the other fin- 
 gers, by 
 
 Extensor ossis metacarpi Abductor, 
 
 poUicis, 
 Extensor primi internodii. Assisted by part of the 
 Extensor secundi inter- pjexor brevis 
 
 nodii. 
 
 Backwards and inwards, 
 to the other fingers, by 
 
 Adductor, 
 
 Extensor primi internodii. 
 Extensor secundi inter, 
 nodii. 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 612 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 Forwards, or flexed, by Backwards, or extended, by 
 
 Flexor sublimis, 
 " profundus, 
 
 Lumbricales, 
 
 Interossei, 
 
 Flexor brevis digiti mi- 
 nimi, 
 
 Abductor digiti minimi. 
 
 THE FINGERS ARE MOVED 
 
 Outwards, to radial bor- 
 
 Extensor communis, 
 
 " minimi digiti, 
 Indicator. 
 
 der. by 
 
 Abductor indicis, 
 
 " digiti minimi, 
 Interossei. 
 
 Inwards hy 
 
 Abductor digiti minimi, 
 Interossei. 
 
 THE THIGH IS MOVED 
 
 Forwards by 
 
 Psoas magnus, 
 Iliacus, 
 
 Tensor vaginEB femons, 
 Pectineus, 
 Adductor longus, 
 brevis. 
 
 Backtcards by 
 
 Gluteus maximus. 
 Part of gluteus medius, 
 Pyriformis, 
 Obturator internus, 
 Part of adductor magnus, 
 Long head of biceps, 
 Semi-tendinosus, 
 Semi-membranosus. 
 
 Inwards by 
 
 Psoas magnus, 
 
 Iliacus, 
 
 Pectineus, 
 
 Gracilis, 
 
 Adductor longus, 
 " brevis, 
 " magnus. 
 
 Obturator externus, 
 
 Q.uadratus femoris. 
 
 Outwards by 
 
 Tensor vaginiE femoris 
 Gluteus maximus, 
 " medius, 
 " minimus, 
 Pyriformis. 
 
 THE THIGH IS ROTATED 
 
 Inwards by 
 
 Outwards by 
 
 Tensor vagiiiBe femoris, 
 Part of gluteus medius. 
 
 Gluteus maximus, 
 Part of gluteus mediua, 
 Pyriformis, 
 And, when the leg is ex- Gemellus superior. 
 
 tended, by 
 
 Sartorius. 
 Semi-tendinosus. 
 
 Obturator internus, 
 Gemellus inferior, 
 Quadratus femoris, 
 Obturator externus. 
 Psoas magnus, 
 Iliacus, 
 
 Adductor longus, 
 brevis, 
 " magnus. 
 Biceps cruris, slightly. 
 
 THE LEG IS MOVED 
 
 Backwards, or flexed, by 
 
 Semi-tendinosus, 
 
 Biceps, 
 
 Semi-membranosus, 
 
 Gracilis, 
 
 Sartorius, 
 
 Poplileus. 
 
 Extended by 
 
 Rectus, 
 Crureus, 
 
 Vastus externus, 
 " internus. 
 
 THE FOOT IS MOVED 
 
 Forwards, or flexed, by Backwards, or extended by Inclined inwards by 
 
 Tibialis anticus. 
 Extensor proprius pollicis. 
 Extensor longus digito- 
 
 rum, 
 Peroneus tertius. 
 
 Gastrocnemius, 
 
 Plautaris, 
 
 Soleus, 
 
 Flexor longus digitorum, 
 
 " longus pollicis, 
 Tibialis posticus, 
 Peroneus longus, 
 " brevis. 
 
 Extensor proprius pollicis. 
 Flexor longus digitorum, 
 
 " longus pollicis. 
 Tibialis posticus. 
 
 Outwards hy 
 
 Peroneus longus, 
 " brevis. 
 Extensor longus 
 
 rum, 
 Peroneus tertius. 
 
 digito- 
 
 THE TOES ARE MOVED 
 
 Backwards, or flexed, hy 
 
 Abductor pollicis. 
 Flexor brevis digitorum. 
 Abductor minimi digiti. 
 Flexor longus pollicis, 
 " digitorum, 
 " accessorius, 
 Lumbricales, 
 Flexor brevis pollicis, 
 Adductor pollicis, 
 Flexor brevis minimi di- 
 giti, 
 Interossei. 
 
 Forwards, or extended, hy 
 
 Extensor longus digito- 
 rum. 
 Extensor proprius pollicis, 
 " brevis digitorum. 
 
 Inclined inwards by 
 
 Abductor pollicis, 
 Interossei. 
 
 Outwards by 
 
 Adductor pollicis, 
 
 " digiti minimi, 
 Interossei. 
 
MUSCLE CAN IN 
 
 613 
 
 MUSCULINE 
 
 Muscles have been variously named. 1. Ac- 
 cording to their uses, as diaphragm, buccinator, 
 extensors, flexors, adductors, abductors, levators, 
 depressors, &c. 2. According to their iwsition, 
 as interspinales, interossei, subclavius, poplit£eus, 
 anconeus, cubitalis, iliacus, temporalis, &c. 3. 
 According to their shape, as trapezius, splenius, 
 lumbricalis, serratus, digastric, deltoid, scalenus, 
 rhomboides, &c. 4. According to their dinien- 
 ' sioHs, as pectoralis major, rectus capitis anticus 
 major, pectoralis minor, glutaeus maximus, me- 
 dius, and minimus. 5. According to their direc- 
 tion, as obliquus abdominis, transversalis abdo- 
 minis, rectus femoris, rectus abdominis, &c. 6. 
 According to their composition, as semi-membra- 
 nosus, semi-tendinosus, complexus, &c. 7. Ac- 
 cording to their attachments, or the different 
 points of the skeleton with which they are con- 
 nected by means of tendons or aponeuroses ; as 
 sterno-cleido-mastoideus, sterno-hyoideus, &c. 
 On this is grounded the nomenclature of M. Du- 
 mas, and that of Chaussier. 
 
 The end of the muscle, which adheres to the 
 most fixed part, is usually called the origin or 
 head, (F.) Tete ; and that which adheres to the 
 more moveable part, the insertion or tail, (F.) 
 Queue ; the intervening part or body of the mus- 
 cle being called the venter or helli/, Venter mus'- 
 culi, Me'dium mns'culi, (F.) Ventre: hence the 
 names gastroenemii, digastricus, biceps, and tri- 
 ceps ; according as they have two bellies, two or 
 three beads, &c. 
 
 Muscles are formed, — 1. Essentially of the 
 muscular or fleshy fibre, (see Muscular Fibre.) 
 2. Of Areolar tissue, which unites together the 
 fibres. This areolar tissue is not very visible 
 between the fine and loose fibres ; but becomes 
 more so, when they unite in more considerable 
 fasciculi. It forms, moreover, to each muscle, an 
 external envelope, which unites it to the neigh- 
 bouring parts, and admits of its motion. This 
 envelope was formerly called Tu'nica pro'pria 
 musculo'rum. 3. Of Arteries. These proceed 
 from neighbouring trunks, and are, generally, 
 very large. Their size and number are always 
 in proportion to the bulk of the muscle. With 
 the exception of some viscera, as the lungs and 
 the kidneys, there are few organs that receive as 
 much blood as the muscles. 4. Of Veins. They 
 follow the same course in the muscles as the ar- 
 teries. Bichat asserts that they are generally 
 devoid of valves. 5. Of Lymphatics. Of these 
 •we know little, and cannot easily follow them 
 between the fleshy fibres. 6. Of Nerves. These 
 are numerous, and of different sizes. They, al- 
 most all, proceed from the encephalon ; some, 
 however, issue from ganglions, and accompany 
 the arteries. In general, they penetrate the 
 fleshy tissue along with the vessels, with which 
 they are closely united. After they have en- 
 tered the muscles, they divide and subdivide 
 ■until they are lost sight of. 
 
 3IUSCLE OANIN, Levator anguli oris — wi. 
 Can nele, Ischio-trochanterianus. 
 
 Muscle of Gavard. The oblique muscular 
 fibres of the stomach. 
 
 MUSCLE GRAND FESSTER, Glutaeus ma- 
 jor — m. of Guthrie, Compressor Urethrse — m. of 
 Horner, Tensor Tarsi— m. of Houston, Compres- 
 sor venae dorsalis penis — ni. tres Large du dos, 
 Latissimus dorsi — m. of Wilson, Compressor ure- 
 thrse. 
 
 MUS'CULAR, Iluscula'ris, Wuaculo'sus, Toro'- 
 siis, (F.) 3ruscnlaire, iluscideux. That which 
 belongs or relates to the muscles. Well furnished 
 with muscles, Lacerto'sus. 
 
 MusruLAR Ar'teries. Arteries that are dis- 
 tributed to the muscles. The name, Muscular 
 Arteries of the eye, has been especially given to 
 
 two branches sent off by the ophthalmic artery; 
 — the one, inferior, which furnishes branches to 
 the rectus inferior oculi, lachrymal sac, &c., and 
 some of the anterior ciliary arteries : the other 
 — -the superior, which is sometimes wanting; but, 
 when it exists, gives branches to the rectus su- 
 perior oculi and levator palpebrae superioris. 
 
 Muscular Contrac'tion. The exertion of the 
 power, possessed by muscles, of shortening them- 
 selves, or of contracting to produce motion : — 
 muscular motion being the change in the situa- 
 tion and relation of organs, induced by muscular 
 contraction. When a muscle contracts, its fibres 
 assume more the zigzag direction, and the extre- 
 mities approximate; but the bulk of the whole 
 muscle is not augmented. This contraction takes 
 place, at times, with extreme velocity : a single 
 thrill, in the letter R, can be pronounced in the 
 1-30, 000th part of a minute. The force of con- 
 traction, Myody'namis, depends upon the healthy 
 physical condition of the muscle, combined with 
 due energy of the brain. The duration, in vo- 
 luntary motion, is for a certain time dependent 
 upon the will : — contractions, excited involunta- 
 rily, cannot be so long maintained. 
 
 Muscular Current. A current, which, ac- 
 cording to Matteucci, exists in every living mus- 
 cle, whose tendinous extremities are not equally 
 disposed — one, for example, forming a cord ; the 
 other broad and ribbon-like — and which circu- 
 lates in the muscle from the tendinous extremity 
 to the muscular surface. 
 
 Muscular Fibre, Fleshy fibre, Filum muscu- 
 la're, Fibril'la muscula'ris. A name given to 
 the filaments, which, by their union, form the 
 muscles. This fibre is flat, soft, downy, linear, 
 but little elastic, and more or less red. It is 
 firmer in adults than in the young or the 
 aged; of the same size in the great and small 
 muscles; and runs its course without bifurcation 
 or ramification. It is but slightly resisting in the 
 dead body, tearing readily ; but during life it 
 supports very great efforts without laceration. It 
 is, itself, composed of a considerable number of 
 fibrils, similar to each other, and subdividing al- 
 most ad infinitum. The ultimate filaments into 
 which the fibre can be decomposed by mechani- 
 cal means seem to be hollow or tubular. The 
 fibre exists under two forms, the striated or 
 striped, (F.) Fibre striee, and the non-striated, 
 smooth, or unstriped, (F.) Fibre lisse ; the mus- 
 cles composed of the former ministering, as a 
 general rule, to the animal functions, — the latter 
 always, perhaps, to the organic. The colour of 
 the muscular fibres is red in man, and white in 
 several animals. A greater or less number, — 
 united in fasciculi, Fascic'uli seu Lacer'ti mus- 
 culo'rum, approximated to each other, and form- 
 ing a distinct mass, of very variable size and 
 shape, the extremities being attached to bones by 
 means of tendons, — constitutes a muscle. In 
 this are included areolar membrane, vessels and 
 nerves. -See Muscle. 
 
 Muscular Nerves. The nerves distributed 
 to the muscles are so named. Winslow calls the 
 4th pair of nerves — Nerf musctdaire oblique sxi- 
 perieur. 
 
 Muscular SrsTE^r. A term given to the ag- 
 gregate of the muscles of the body. 
 
 Muscular Veins. These bring back the 
 blood, which has been carried to the muscles by 
 'the muscular arteries. 
 
 MUSCULARIS, Corroborant. 
 
 MUSCULATION, See Locomotion. 
 
 MUSCULEUX, Muscular. 
 
 MUSCULI ACCESSORII AD SACRO-LUM- 
 BALEM, see Sacro-lumbalis — m. Papillares. Co- 
 lumnas carneae — m. Pectinati, Pectinated muscles. 
 
 MUSCULINE, see Fibrin. 
 
MUSCULO-CUTANEOUS 
 
 614 
 
 IIUTITH 
 
 MUS'CULO-CUTA'NEOUS, 3Ius' culo-euta' - 
 neus, from muscuhts, ' a muscle,' and cutis, ' skin.' 
 That which appertains to muscles and skin. 
 
 MuscuLO-CuTANEOus Nerve. This name is 
 especially given to two nerves; — the one, the 
 E.rJernal cutaneous nerve, furnished by the bra- 
 chial plexus (see Cutaneous : — ) the otJier, given 
 off from the poplitseus extemus, (F.) Nerf Sciat- 
 ique, Poplite externe, Pretihio digital (Ch.). It 
 descends on the anterior and outer part of the 
 leg, — at first, hid among the muscles; becomes 
 superficial about the middle of the leg; and di- 
 vides into two branches, which pass superficially 
 on the back of the foot. Two musculo-cutaneous 
 nerves — superior and inferior — proceed from the 
 first lumbar. The superior musculo-cutaneous — 
 il'io-scrotal, il'io-hypogas'tricus — which divides 
 into two branches, — abdominal and scrotal. The 
 inferior museulo-eittaneous is smaller than the 
 superior, and is distributed as its name, iVio-in'- 
 guinal, indicates. 
 
 MUSCULO-RACHID^'US. Belonging or re- 
 lating to muscles and to the spine. A name given 
 to branches, furnished behind by the intercostal, 
 lumbar, and sacral arteries, which are distributed 
 to the spine and to the muscles of the neighbour- 
 hood. 
 
 MUSCULOSA EXPANSIO, Platysma my- 
 oides. 
 MUSCULO-SPIRAL NERVE, Radial nerve. 
 MUSCULOSUS, Muscular. 
 MUSCULUS ACCLIVIS, Obliquus internns 
 abdominis — m. Auxiliarius, Pyramidalis abdomi- 
 nis — m. Constrictorius, Sphincter — m. Cutaneus, 
 Platysma myoides — m. Eustachii, Laxator tym- 
 pani — m. Fallopii, Pyramidalis abdominis — m. 
 Femoris membranosus, Fascia lata — m. Patientise, 
 Levator scapulae — m. Penicillatus, Levator labii 
 inferioris — m. Pyxoides terrestris. Lichen pyxi- 
 datus — m. Scandularius, Paratbenar — m. Subcu- 
 taneus, Platysma myoides — m. Succenturiatus, 
 Pyramidalis abdominis — m. Succingens, Dia- 
 phragm — m. Supercilii, Corrugator supercilii — 
 m. Testicondus, Cremaster — m. Testis, Cremaster 
 — m. TubaB novee, Circumflexus. 
 
 MUSCUS ARBOREUS, Lichen plicatus — m. 
 Caninus, Lichen caninus — m. Catharticus, Lyco- 
 podium selago — m. Clavatus, Lycopodium — m. 
 Corallinus, Corallina Corsicana — m. Cranii hu- 
 mani. Lichen sasatilis — m. Erectus, Lycopodium 
 selago — m. Helminthocortos, Corallina Corsicana 
 — m. Islandicns, Lichen islandicus — m. Marinus, 
 Corallina Corsicana — m. Maritimus, Corallina — 
 va. Pulmonarius quercinus. Lichen pulmonarius 
 — m. Pyxidatus, Lichen pyxidatus — m. Villosus, 
 Peristroma. 
 
 MUSE A V BE TANCHE, Os uteri. 
 MUSE'UM ANATOM'ICUM, SupeVlex ana- 
 tom'ica. An anatomical museum. 
 MUSHROOM, Fungus. 
 
 MUSIC, ilu'sicn, (F.) Musique, from /tovaa, 
 musa, 'a song.' The art of producing harmo- 
 nious and cadenced sounds; an art, which has, 
 at times, been beneficially used in diseases, par- 
 ticularly in those of the mind; or on which the 
 mind could act in a salutary manner. 
 
 MUSICOMA'NIA, Musoma'nia, from music, 
 and mania. A variety of monomania in which 
 the passion for music is carried to such an extent 
 as to derange the intellectual faculties. 
 MUSING, LISTLESS, Aphelxia otiosa. 
 3WSIQ UE, Music. 
 
 MUSK, Moschus, Jfosch (Arab.), (F.) 3Iusc. 
 A peculiar concrete animal substance, of a very 
 diffusible odour, bitter taste, and a deep brown 
 colour : solid, and enclosed in the preputial folli- 
 cles of Moschus moschiferus, JTusk Beer, (F.) 
 Chevrotain j^orte-musc. It is possessed of stimu- 
 
 lant and antispasmodic properties. Dose, gr. v 
 to ^ in bolus. 
 
 Musk, Artific"ial, Moschus factit"iu8, Eesi'- 
 na Suc'cini. [01. succini rectif. 1 part, acid, 
 niiz-jc. 4 parts. Digest; — a black matter will be 
 deposited, which must be well washed with 
 water.) 
 
 MUSK GRAPE FLOWER, Bulbus vomitorius. 
 MUSKMALLOW, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
 MUSKROOT, Sumbul. 
 MUSKSEED, see Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
 
 MUSKWOOD, Thymiama. 
 
 MUSOMANIA, Musicomania. 
 
 MUSQUITO, Mosquito. 
 
 MUSS^N'DAFR0NDO'SA,5eZi77a,5€?e'son, 
 A decoction of this Ceylonese plant has been es- 
 teemed refrigerant. 
 
 MUSSEL, Mytilns edulis. 
 
 MUSSELLED, see Mytilus edulis. 
 
 MUSSITA'TIO, Mussita'tion, from mvssitare, 
 mussitatum, itself from mussare, 'to murmur.' A 
 condition, in which the tongue and lips move, as 
 in the act of speaking, but without sounds being 
 produced. This sort of murmuring is an unfa- 
 vourable sign in disease, as indicating great cere- 
 bral debility. 
 
 MUSTA'CEUM: from Mustacea, a kind of 
 laurus used in making it. A kind of wedding- 
 cake used by the ancients, which consisted of 
 meal, aniseed, cummin, and several other aroma- 
 tics; its object — it has been conceived — being to 
 prevent or remove the indigestion occasioned by 
 too great indulgence at the marriage feast. Lau- 
 reolum in mnstaceo quarere — "to seek for glory 
 in pitiful performances." — Cicero. 
 
 MUSTACHE, Mystax. 
 
 MUSTARD, BLACK, Sinapis — m. Clammy, 
 Polanisia graveolens — m. Essence of, White- 
 head's, see Sinapis — m. False, Polanisia graveo- 
 lens — m. Green, Lepidium sativum — m. Hedge, 
 Erysimum — m. Mithridate, Thlaspi campestre — 
 m. Stinking hedge, Alliaria — m. Treacle, Thlaspi 
 arvense — m. White, Sinapis alba — m. WUd, Sina- 
 pis arvensis. 
 
 MUSTELANEUS, Galeancon. 
 
 MUSTUM, Wort. 
 
 MUTACIS'MUS, Mu'tacism, from f(«Ta/fi^«, 
 'I use the letter m, uv, too frequently.' A vicious 
 pronunciation ; consisting, according to Sauvages, 
 in the frequent repetition of the letters ii, B, and 
 p, which are substituted for others. 
 
 MUTA'TIO SEXUS. 'A change or conversion 
 of sex.' A notion' prevailed in antiquity that 
 such a conversion was possible. 
 
 MUTEO'SIS, from mutus, 'dumb.' Under this 
 name is comprehended every phenomenon of ex- 
 pression, voluntary and involuntary, which im- 
 presses the sight or touch. 
 
 MUTILA'TION, Mntila'tio, dfaiming, from 
 mvtilus, 'broken.' The removal or privation of 
 a limb, or of some other external part of the 
 body. In all countries, this crime has been pun- 
 ished with severity. 
 
 MUTINUS, Penis. 
 
 MUTISME, Mutitas. 
 
 MU'TITAS, {mutus, (F.) ihiet, 'dumb.') Oh- 
 tumescen'tia,AIa'lia,Anau'dia,Bumlness, Speech' - 
 lessness, (F.) 3Iutisme, Mutite. Impossibility of 
 articulating sounds; although they can be eli- 
 cited. Dumbness is often congenital, and united 
 with deafness, of which it is an effect. In some 
 cases it is accidental. 
 
 Mutitas Surdo'rum, -4^>^o'n«n Surdorum, Sur- 
 domu'titas, Beaf-dumbness, (F.) Surdimutite. 
 Speechlessness from deafness; congenital, or pro- 
 duced during infancy. The subjects of this affec- 
 tion are called deaf-dumh, (F.) Sotirds-muefs. 
 
 MUTITE, Mutitas. 
 
MUTO 
 
 615 
 
 MYLO-HYOlDEUS 
 
 MUTO, Penis. 
 
 MUTONIATUS, Membrosus. 
 
 3IUTTERK0RX, Ergot. 
 . MUTTON TEA. Prepared from a pound of 
 mutton, freed from the fat and cut into thin slices ; 
 and a pint and a half of boiling soft icatev poured 
 over them, as in the case of beef tea; except that 
 it requires to be boiled for half an hour after the 
 maceration, before it is strained through a sieve. 
 
 MUTUNXUS, Priapus. 
 
 MYACANTHA, Ruscus. 
 
 MYALGIA, Cramp. 
 
 MYASTHENI'A, from /luf, 'a muscle,' and 
 aa^ivcKt, ' debility.' Muscular debility. 
 
 MYCE, Occlusion. 
 
 MYCES, Fungus. 
 
 MYCHMUS, Suspirium. 
 
 MYCHTHISMUS, Moaning, Suspirium. 
 
 MYCODERM'A. My'codenn; from ^uki??, 'a 
 mushroom,' and Scpi^a, 'skin.' A crj'ptogamous 
 growth, which constitutes the crusts of favus. 
 See Porrigo favosa. 
 
 Mtcoderma Cerevisi^, Torula cerevisias. 
 
 Mycoderma Plic^, Trichomaph'yton. A cryp- 
 togamoTis "growth, said to be the essence of Plica. 
 . MYCODERMITIS, Mucitis. 
 ' MYCODES, Fungoid. 
 
 MYCODIARRHCEA. see Diarrhoea. 
 
 MYCODYSENTERIA, see Dysentery. 
 .MYCOPHTHISIS, see Bronchorrhcea. 
 
 MYCORTHOPNCE'A ; from ,ivKog, 'mucus,' 
 and opOonvoia, ' difficulty of breathing except 
 when in the erect attitude.' Orthopnoea from 
 excessive secretion of mucus in the air-passages 
 — Orthopnce'a pituito'sa. 
 
 MYCOSIS, Fungus. 
 
 MYCTERES, Myxte, Xares. 
 
 MYCTEROPHONIA, Rhinophonia. 
 
 MYCTEEOXE'ROTES, Mycteroxero'sis, from 
 liVKTripes, ' the nares,' and ^rjpoT-ns, ' dryness.' 
 Na'rium sic'citas. Dryness of the interior of the 
 nose. 
 
 MYCUS, Mucus. 
 
 MYDE'SIS, from iiv&aw, 'I abound with mois- 
 ture,' 'I am putrid.' Moisture. In its most 
 general sense, it means corruption. By some, it 
 is used for a mucous discharge from inflamed 
 eyelids. 
 
 MYDOIST, iivi<ov. Same etymon. Fungous or 
 putrid flesh in certain fistulous ulcers. — Pollux. 
 Also, flesh putrid from mouldiness. 
 
 MYDRI'ASIS, Plafyeor'ia, Platycori'asis, 
 Amydri'asis. A name given by several writers 
 to morbid dilatation of the pupil; and, by others, 
 to weakness of sight, produced by hydrophthal- 
 mia, or superabundance of humours, from yi-uios, 
 ' moisture.' 
 
 MYDRIAT'ICUS, Mydriat'io. Relating to or 
 causing dilatation of the pupil. — Pereira. 
 
 MYELAL'GIA; from fivcXog, 'the spinal mar- 
 row,' and a^yoit 'pain.' Pain in the spinal mar- 
 row. 
 
 MYELANALOSIS, Tabes dorsalis. 
 
 MYELAPOPLEXIA, Apoplexia myelitica. 
 
 MYELATELI'A ; from nvc'Xo;, ' the spinal 
 marrow,' and arcXzia, (a, privative, and reXos, 
 'end,') 'want of end or finish.' Incompleteness 
 of the spinal marrow. 
 
 MYELATROPHIA, Tabes dorsalis. 
 MYELITE, Myelitis. 
 
 MYELI'TIS, J/, pareiio^ymato'sa seu spwa'lis, 
 Inflamma'tio medid'lcB spnna'Us, Sjn'ni'tis, Spi)io- 
 dorsi'tis, KotomyeJi'tis, RoxhiomyeW tis, Rachial- 
 gi'tis (of some), (F.) Myelite, Inflammation de la 
 moelle epini^re, 1. rachidienne, from //ucAoj,- ' the 
 marrow,' and itin, denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of the spinal marrow or its mem- 
 branes ; — indicated by deep-seated burning pain 
 in the spine, with various nervous and vascular 
 
 irregularities of function. It is not common. 
 Dr. Marshall Hall proposes to call inflammation 
 of the membranes of the brain Meningitis; that 
 of the substance of the brain Myelitis. 
 
 Myelitis Petechialis, Meningitis, cerebro- 
 spinal — m. Spinalis, Myelitis — m. Exsudativa, 
 Hydrorachis — m. Parenchymatosa, Myelitis. ' 
 
 MYELOCHYSIS, Hydrorachis. 
 
 MY'ELOCYTES, from [xvekog, 'marrow,' and 
 KVTog, a mass, body or cell. Granules of the 
 brain. Nuclei of the cells of the gray substance. 
 
 MYELOGANGLIITIS, Cholera (sporadic). 
 
 MY'ELOifD, Myeloi'des, Myelo'des; from fivc- 
 Xof, 'marrow,' and ei&o;, 'resemblance.' Marrow- 
 like. 
 
 Myeloid Tumor, Fibroplastic tumour. A sar- 
 comatous tumour, the more characteristic consti- 
 tuents of which are — peculiar many-nucleated 
 corpuscles, which have been recognised as con- 
 stituents of the marrow and diploe of bones, es- 
 pecially in the foetus, and in early life. — Paget. 
 
 MYELOMA, see Encephaloid. 
 
 MYELOMALACIA.Mollities medulla spinalis. 
 
 MYELOMENINGITIS, Meningitis, spinal. 
 
 MYELOMYCES, see Encephaloid. 
 
 MYELOX, Medulla spinalis. 
 
 MYELOPARALYSIS, Paraplegia. 
 
 MYELOPHTHISIS, Tabes dorsalis— m. Sicca, 
 Tabes mesenterica. 
 
 MYELOPHY'MATA, Tuber'cula meduUm spi- 
 na'lis, from fivtXog, 'marrow,' and (pvfia, 'a tuber- 
 cle.' Tubercles of the spinal marrow. 
 
 3IYEL0PLAXE, from fivtXog, 'marrow,' and 
 TrAaf, 'a plate or lamella.' Plates or lamellas 
 with numerous nuclei in the marrow of bones. — 
 Robin. 
 
 MYELORRHAGIA, Apoplexia myelitica. 
 
 MYELOSPONGUS, see Encephaloid. 
 
 MYELUS, Marrow, Medulla spinalis — m. Di- 
 auchenius. Medulla spinalis — m. Dorsites, Me- 
 dulla spinalis — m. Notions, Medulla spinalis — 
 m. Psoites, Medulla spinalis. 
 
 MYENERGI'A, from fivg, 'a, muscle,' ev, and 
 Cfiyov, 'work.' Muscular strength. 
 
 MYGMUS, Suspirium. 
 
 MYIOCEPHALUM, Staphyloma. 
 
 MYIODOPSIA, Metamorphopsia. 
 
 MYITIS, Myositis, Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 MYLABRIS CICHORII, see Cantharis — m. 
 Punctata, see Cantharis — m. Pustulata, see Can- 
 tharis. 
 
 MYLACEPH'ALUS, from ^ivXr,, 'a mole,' .-i, 
 privative, and KefpaXrj, 'head.' A monster with 
 only traces of viscera, and without head or ex- 
 tremities. 
 
 MYLACRI, Molar teeth. 
 
 MYLACRIS, Patella. 
 
 MYLE, Patella, Mole. 
 
 MYLICUS, Molar. 
 
 MYLO, in comjiosition, from ixvXr;, 'the jaw.' 
 Relating or belonging to the jaw. 
 
 MYLODI, Molar teeth. 
 
 MYLODONTES, Molar teeth. 
 
 MYLO-GLOSSUS, from mylo,, and yXuo-co, 
 'the tongue.' Winslow has given this name to 
 muscular fibres, which pass from the posterior 
 part of the myloid line of the lower jaw, and 
 from the sides of the base of the tongue to the 
 parietes of the pharynx. These fibres belong to 
 the constrictor superior pharyngis. 
 
 MYLO-HYOID LINE, see Mylo-hyoideus. 
 
 Mylo-Hyoid Furrow or Groove. A furrow 
 which passes from the superior orifice of the in- 
 ferior dental canal of the lower jaw in the same 
 direction as the canal, and lodges the mylo-hyoid. 
 nerve, a branch of the inferior-dental. 
 
 Mylo-Hyoid Nerve, see Mylo-hyoid furrow. 
 
 MYLO-HYOIDEUS, from mylo, and 'vozih,u 
 'the OS hyoides.' Myluo'dts, (F.) 3Jylu-hyoidien. 
 
MYLO-PHARYNGEUS 
 
 616 
 
 MYEICA ASPLENIFOLIA 
 
 The Mylo-pJiaryngeus of Morgagni and Santorini. 
 This muscle is situate at the upper and anterior 
 part of the neck, hehind the lower jaw. It is 
 broad, flat, and has the form of a truncated tri- 
 angle. It arises from the internal oblique, inter- 
 nal maxillary or mylo-hyoid line of the lower jaw 
 bone, and is inserted at the fore part of the body 
 of the OS hyoides. Its innermost fibres unite with 
 those of the opposite side to form a raphe on the 
 median line. The mylo-hyoideus raises the os 
 hyoides and carries it forward, or it depresses the 
 lower jaw. 
 
 MYLO-PHARYNGEUS, Constrictor pharyn- 
 gis, Mylo-hyoideus. 
 
 MYLUODES, Mylo-hyoideus. 
 MYO, in composition, from fivwv, 's, muscle.' 
 Appertaining or relating to a muscle. 
 MYOCARDITIS. Carditis. 
 MYOCEPHALI'TIS, ifyi'tis cepTial'ica ; from 
 myo, KtipaK-n, 'head,' and itis, denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the muscles of the head. 
 MYOCEPHALON, Staphyloma. 
 MYOCQiLIAL'GIA, from myo, KoiXia, 'abdo- 
 men,' and a\ys.ix>, 'I sufi'er.' Pain in the muscles 
 of the abdomen. 
 
 MYOC(ELI'TIS, iTyocoelii'tis, Jnflamma'tio 
 musculo'rum ahdoviina'lium, from myo, kolKio, 
 'lower belly,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the muscles of the abdomen. 
 MYODEOPSIA, Metamorphopsia. 
 MYO'DES, from myo, and ti6o5, 'resemblance.' 
 Like unto muscle. Muscular. 
 
 MYODESOPIA, Metamorphopsia. 
 MYODESOPSIA, Metamorphopsia. 
 MYODYNA'MIA, Vis muscula'ria; from myo, 
 apd Bwams, 'power.' The force or power of a 
 muscle. 
 
 MYODYNAMICS, see Muscular contraction. 
 MYODYNAMIOMETER, Dynamometer. 
 MYODYNAMOMETER, Dynamometer. 
 MYODYN'IA, from myo, and obwri, 'pain.' 
 Pain in the muscles, — rheumatismal or other. 
 Rheumatism. 
 
 Myodynia iNFLAMMAToniA, Myositis. 
 MYOG'RAPHY, Myogra'phia, from myo, and 
 ypa(puv, 'to describe.' An anatomical description 
 of the muscles. 
 
 MYOID, Ilyo'i'des, from fivg, 'muscle,' and 
 £i6o{, 'resemblance.' An epithet given to tu- 
 mours composed of fibre cells or muscular fibres 
 of organic life. 
 
 MYOLEM'MA, Ifyole' ma, from myo, and Xc/iiia, 
 'a coat.' The membranous tube of each muscu- 
 lar fibre. It has also the same signification as 
 Sarcolenuna. 
 
 MY'OLINE, from ixvu)v, 'a muscle.' A name 
 given by Mr. Erasmus Wilson to a transparent 
 substance that fills the cells, which, he conceives, 
 by their juxtaposition form the ultimate muscular 
 fibril. 
 
 MYOL'OGY, Myolocf"ia, Sarcolog'ia, Mysiol- 
 og"ia, from myo, and Xoyog, ' a discourse.' That 
 part of anatomy which treats of the muscles. 
 MYON, Muscle. 
 
 MYONARCO'SIS, from myo, and vaf.Kr,, 'stu- 
 por.' Numbness of the muscles. 
 MYONITIS, Myositis. 
 
 MYON'OSUS, Ifyonn'sus, Myopathi'a, from 
 myo, and voaog, 'disease.' A disease of the 
 muscles. 
 
 MYOPALMUS, Subsultus tendinum. 
 MYOPARALYSIS, see Paralysis. 
 MYOPATHIA, Myonosus. 
 MYOPE, Myops. 
 
 MYOPHO'NIA, from myo, and (pavv, 'voice.' 
 The sound of muscular contraction, — as that of 
 the ventricles of the heart, during the systole of 
 that organ. 
 
 MYO'PIA, Myopi'asis, Luscios'itas, Myo'sis, 
 
 Parop'sis propin'qua, Amblyo'pia dissito'rum, 
 Dyso'pia dissito'rum, Dyspho'tia, Visus ju'venum, 
 from nvd), 'I close,' or from ixvg, 'a mouse,' and 
 tiiip, 'the eye;' My'opy, Short-sightedness, Near- 
 sightedness, Mouse-sight, Purhlindness, (F.) Yue 
 courte, V. basse. Persons who can only see 
 objects very near. The defect is owing to the 
 too great convexity of the eye, or too great den- 
 sity of the humours, and is palliated by wearing 
 concave glasses. 
 
 MYOP'IC, 3Iyop'icxis; same etymon. Short- 
 sighted, Porehlind, Purblind, Spiirblind. Relating 
 or appertaining to myopia. 
 
 MYOPODIORTHO'TICON, from /iww^, 'one 
 that is short-sighted,' and iiop^iariKov, 'having 
 power to correct.' An apparatus for the cure of 
 short-sightedness. — A. A. Berthold. 
 
 MYOPS, Zucio'sus, 3Iyo'pus, Ily'ope. Same 
 etymon. One affected with myopia or short- 
 sightedness. 
 
 MYOPY, Myopia. 
 
 MYORRHEX'IS, from myo, and pjyfiy, 'rup- 
 ture.' Rupture of a muscle. 
 
 MYOSARCO'MA, from nvoiv, 'a muscle,' and 
 sarcoma. A sarcomatous tumour in which muscu- 
 lar fibres are found. 
 
 MYO'SIS, from //dm, 'I close.' Ilicrocor'ia. 
 Smallness of the pupil. Phthi'sis 2^'"P'llla'ris. 
 Permanent contraction of the pupil. Itis usually 
 caused by iritis, and is extremely difiicult to cure. 
 When it exists to such an extent as to obliterate 
 the pupil, it is called Synizesis. Also, Myopia. 
 31 YO SITE, Myositis. 
 
 MYOSIT'IC, 3fyosit'ieue, from 3fyosis. Causing 
 contraction of the pupil, — as opium. — Pereira. 
 
 MYOSI'TIS, 3fyi'tis, 3Iysi'tis, 3Iyoni'tis, Sar- 
 ci'tis, Pheumatis'mns p>Megmono'des, Jfyodyn'ia 
 inflammato'ria, Phlegma'sia myo'ica, Injiamraatio 
 seu Phleg'mone 3Iusculo'rum, (F.) 3fyosite, In- 
 flammation des muscles, from nvmv, ' a muscle.' 
 A name proposed by Sagar for inflammation of 
 the muscles. Also, Rheumatism. 
 
 MYOSOTIS, Hieracium pilosella, Rheumatism, 
 Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 MYOSPASMUS, Cramp. 
 
 MYOTIL'ITY, 3fyotil'itas, (F.) 3ryotilite, from 
 ixvuiv, ' a muscle.' Muscular contractility. — 
 Chaussier. 
 
 MYOT'OMY, 3fyotom'ia, from myo, and refiveiv, 
 'to cut.' The part of practical anatomy which 
 treats of the dissection of the muscles. Also, 
 the surgical operation of the division of muscles 
 to remove deformity. 
 MYOTYRBE, Chorea. 
 
 MYRAC'OPUM, from iJivpov, 'an ointment,' a, 
 'privative,' and Kozog, 'fatigue.' An ointment 
 used by the ancients in cases of fatigue. ^ 
 MYREPSUS, Unguentarius. 
 MYR'IAGRAMME, from //upia, '10,000,' and 
 ypafijxa, 'gramme.' A weight equal to 10,000 
 grammes, or to 26 pounds, 9 ounces, and 6 
 drachms Troy. 
 
 MYRIAMETRE. A measure of 10,000 me- 
 tres; equal to 16 miles, 1 furlong, 156 yards, and 
 14 inches. 
 
 MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA, Comptonia as- 
 plenifolia — m. Cerifera, see Cera flava et alba, 
 and Wax, myrtle. 
 
 Myri'ca Gale, 3T. palus'tris, 3Iyrtus Braban'- 
 fica seu Ang'b'ca, 3fyrtlfo'lia Bel'gica, Qale, 
 Gagel, Phus sylves'tris, Ac'aron, Elffxig'mts, E. 
 Cordo, ChamcBlmag'mts, Dodona'a, Dutch myrtle, 
 Sweet gale, Sweet willow, Candleberry myrtle, 
 (Sc.) Scotch gale, (F.) Piment Royal, The de Si- 
 mon Pauli, Gale odorant. Ord. Myricacese. Sex. 
 Syst. Dioecia Tetrandria. The leaves, flowers, 
 and seeds have a strong, fragrant smell, and a 
 bitter taste. They are used for destroying moths 
 
MYRINGA 
 
 617 
 
 MTRTODES 
 
 and cutaneous insects. The infusion is given in- 
 ternally as a stomachic and vermifuge. 
 
 Myrica Palustris, M. Gale. 
 
 MYRIXGA, see Tympanum. 
 
 MYRIXGI'TIS, Inflamina'tio tym'pani, from 
 3fyrinrja, 'the membrana tympani;' and itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the mem- 
 brana tympani; and, also, of the tympanum. 
 
 3IYRINX, see Tympanum. 
 
 MYRIS, /(upif, Jfyrothe'ce, NartJie'cia, Kar- 
 the'cium, Narthex, from jivpoi; 'a perfumed oil or 
 ointment.' A perfumed oil jar or ointment box. 
 
 MYRIS'TICA, 3L JJoscha'ta seu aromat'ica 
 seu qfficina'lin sen/ragrans, Comacon. Nat. Ofd, 
 Myristioefe. The tree which produces the nut- 
 meg and mace. (F.) Jluscadier. The Nutmeg, 
 3fyn'stica, (Ph. U. S.) 3Iyris't!cm seu Jfyn's'ticcs 
 moschn' tcB nu'cleus, Nux moscha'ta seu unguenta'- 
 ria, Nucis'ta, Nux myris'tica seu aromat'ica, 
 Chrysohal'anua Oale'ni, Unguenta'ria, As'sala, 
 (F.) 3fuscade, is the seed or kernel. It hag a 
 fragrant, aromatic odour; an agreeable pungent 
 taste, and is much used for culinary purposes. 
 Alcohol extracts its active matter. It has the 
 properties of aromatics in general ; being stimu- 
 lant and stomachic. The oil — O'leum myris'lica 
 seu nucist'ce cBthor'eum — possesses the virtues of 
 the nutmeg. Dose of the nutmeg, gr. v. to ^j ; 
 — of the oil gtt. iij to gtt. vj. 
 
 Mace, Glacis, Maces, FJorea maci.t seu ma'cidos, 
 (F.) Fleura de rnuaeade, is the involucrum of the 
 fruit. It is membranous, with the odour and 
 taste of the nutmeg, and is possessed of similar 
 qualities. The O'leum macis seu ma'cidis is a 
 fragrant, sebaceous substance, expressed in the 
 East Indies. It is only used externally. It is 
 the AdepH niyria'ticcB, Myris'ticcB o'leum express'- 
 um, O'leum seu Bal'samum tiucis'ta, Butler of 
 nutmeqs, Express' ed oil of Mace, 
 
 MYRISTIC^ NUCLEUS, see Myristica mos- 
 
 MYRTSTICATIO HEPATIS, Liver, nutmeg. 
 
 MYRMECIA, Formica. 
 
 MYRMECIASIS, Gonvulsio cerealis. Formi- 
 cation. 
 
 MY'RMECIASMUS, Gonvulsio cerealis, For- 
 mication. 
 
 MYRMECISMUS, Gonvulsio cerealis. Formi- 
 cation. 
 
 MYRMECIZOy, Formicant. 
 
 MYRMECOSIS, Gonvulsio cerealis. Formica- 
 tion. 
 
 MYRMEX, Formica. 
 
 MYROBAL'AXUS, from ixvpov, 'an ointment,' 
 and /JaXavof, 'a nut;' so called, because formerly 
 used in ointment; Angeloc'acos, 3[yro'holan, Glaus 
 iingnenta'ria, Palma unguentario'rnm. A dried 
 Indian fruit, of the plum kind, of different species 
 of Terraina'Ua. Ord, Combretaceas. Of this there 
 are several varieties — the 31. Bellir'ica or Belliric 
 myrohalan, Bellegu, Bellerigi, Belnileg : — the 31. 
 cheb'ula or Chebule myroh'alan ; the 3[. eit'rina 
 or Yellow myrohalan, Ara'ra; the 31. Em' Mica 
 or emhlic myrohalan, and the 31. Tn'diea, As'uar, 
 Indian or Black myrohalan. All the myrobalans 
 have an unpleasant, bitterish, very austere taste ; 
 and strike an inky blackness with a solution of 
 steel. They are said to possess laxative as well 
 as astringent properties. 
 
 3!YR0LES, see Olea volatilia. 
 
 MYROX, Myrum, Unguentum. 
 
 MYROPISSbCE'ROX. A topical application 
 in alopeci.a, referred to by Galen ; from fivpov, 
 'ointment,' naara, 'pitch,' and xrjpos, 'wax.' 
 
 MYROPCEUS, Unguentarius. 
 
 MYROPOLES, Apotheoarv. Unguentarius. 
 
 MYROSPERMUM FRUTESCEXS, Myroxy- 
 Inm Peruiferum— m. Peruiferum, see Myroxylon 
 Peruiferum — m. of Sonsonate, see Myroxylon 
 
 Peruiferum — m. Toluiferum, see Toluifera Ealsa- 
 mum. 
 
 MYROXYLOX, see M. Peruiferum. 
 
 Myrox'tlon PertjIP'erum, 31yro8perm'um 
 frutee' cens seu Peruiferum, Quinquina, from tiv- 
 pov, 'an ointment,' and fuAov, wood;' Cahurei'ha. 
 Nat. Ord. Leguminosse. Supposed to be the tree 
 which affords the Peru'vian balsam, Bal'samum 
 Peruvia'num (Ph. U. S.) seu Perua'num, Puizo- 
 chill, 3Iyrox'yli Peruiferi bal'samum, 3Iyrox'ylon, 
 Cabureiciba, Indian, 3Iexican, or American bal- 
 sam, (F.) Baume de Perou ou des Indes. This 
 I balsam consists of benzoic acid, resin, and essen- 
 tial oil. Its odour is fragrant and aromatic ; taste 
 hot and bitter : it is soluble in alcohol, and mis- 
 cible in water by the aid of mucilage. It is 
 stimulant and tonic, and considered to be expecto- 
 rant : as such, it has been employed in paralysis, 
 chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis and rheuma- 
 tism, gleet, leucorrhoea, &c., and externally, for 
 cleansing and stimulating foul indolent ulcers. 
 Dose gtt. V to gtt. XXX. 
 
 White Balsam of Peru, Natural balsam, Bal'- 
 samum album, Styrax alba, Balsamelmon, is ob- 
 tained by incision from Myrospermum peruif- 
 erum. 
 
 The Myroxylon of Sonsonate in Gentral 
 America — 3Iyrospermum Pereira of Dr. Royle, 
 has been supposed to furnish balsam of Peru. 
 
 Mtroxylox op Sonsonate, see M. Peruiferum 
 — m. Toluiferum, Toluifera Balsamum. 
 
 MYRRHA, Heb. 10 ; Bola, Stacte, Ergas'ma, 
 3Iyrr}i, Calo'nia, Smyrna, 3Iyrrha rubra, (F.) 
 3Iyrrhe. The exudation, /ivpov, of an unknown 
 plant of Abyssinia or Arabia Felix, said to be the 
 Balsamaden' dron myrrha. This gum-resin has a 
 fragrant, peculiar odour ; and bitter aromatic 
 taste. It is in reddish-yellow, light, brittle, irre- 
 gular tears ; partially soluble in distilled water 
 when aided by friction. S. G. 1-.360. It is stimu- 
 lant; and has been used in cachectic afi^ections, 
 humoral asthma, chronic bronchitis, <tc. Dose, 
 gr. X. to 5J. 
 
 Myrrha Imperfecta, Bdellium. 
 
 MYRRHINE, Myrtus. 
 
 MYRRHIS AXNUA, Athamanta Cretensis — 
 m. Major, Ghferophyllum odoratum — m. Odorata, 
 Ghaerophvllum odoratum. 
 
 MYRSIXA AFRIGAXA, Tatzg. 
 
 MYRSINE, Myrtus. 
 
 M1^RSIXEL^"'0X, from pivpaivr,, 'the myrtle,' 
 and eXaiov, 'oil.' Oil of myrtle.— Dioscorides. 
 
 MYRSIXI'TES, nvpaiviTT,?. Wine in which 
 branches of myrtle have been macerated. 
 
 MYRTACANTHA, Ruscus. 
 
 3IYRTE C03I3IUN, Myrtus. 
 
 Ml'^RTID'AXON, jivpn^avov. An excrescence, 
 growing on the trunk of the myrtle, and used as 
 an astringent. With Hippocrates, either the myr- 
 tus caryophyllata or myrtus pimenta. [?] Also, a 
 wine — Yinurn 3Iyrtid'anum — made from wild 
 myrtle berries. 
 
 MYRTIFOLIA BELGICA, Myrica gale. 
 
 MYR'TIFORM, 3Iyrtiform'is, 3hjrto'des. from 
 
 myrtus, 'a myrtle,' and forma, 'shape.' Having 
 
 the shape of a leaf of myrtle. A name given to 
 
 a muscle (depressor alse nasi), to the fossa inci- 
 
 ' siva; and to certain caruncles, &c. 
 
 MYRTIFORMIS, Compressor naris, Depressor 
 al<E nasi. 
 
 MYRTI'TES, from fivprov, the ' myrtle berry.' 
 
 A name given to a medicine prepared with honey 
 
 and myrtle berries. 
 
 [I MYTlTLE, Myrtus — m. Berry, Vaccinium myr- 
 
 • tillus — m. Candleberry, Myrica gale — m. Dutch, 
 
 I Mvrica sale — m. Wild, Ruscus. 
 
 I MYRTOCHEILIDES, Nymphse. 
 ,| MYRTOCHILA. Nymph£B. 
 
 II MYRTODES, Myrtiform. 
 
MYRTON 
 
 618 
 
 N^VUS 
 
 MYRTON, Clitoris. 
 
 MYRTUS, Myr'tus conunu'nis seu communis 
 Ital'ica, livprog, Myrsi'ne, Myrrhi'ne, The Myrtle, 
 (F.) ilyrte Commim. Ord. Myrtacese. The berries 
 of this plant have been recommended in alvine 
 and uterine fluxes and other disorders of relaxa- 
 tion and debility. They are moderately astrin- 
 gent and somewhat aromatic. 
 
 Myrtus Anglica, Myrica gale — m. Braban- 
 tica, Myrica gale. 
 
 Mtrtus Cartophtlla'ta, Oalyptran'tJies ca- 
 ryophylla'ta, Cassia seu CaneVla caryophyllata, 
 (F.) Capelet, Cannelle giroflee. The tree which 
 is considered to afford the Clove bark ; Cortex 
 caryo]}hylla'tu8 sen caryophyllata. This bark is a 
 •warm aromatic ; resembling clove with an ad- 
 mixture of cinnamon. It may be used with the 
 same views as cloves or cinnamon. 
 
 Myrtcs Caryophyllus, Eugenia caryophyl- 
 lata — m. Leucodendron, Melaleuca cajaputi. 
 
 Myrtijs Pimen'ta, Euge'nia Pimen'ta. The 
 tree which bears the Jamaica 2}ep23er, Pimen'tm 
 hacccB, Pimento berries, Pimento, Piper caryophyl- 
 la'tum seu chia'pm seu odora'tum. Jamaieense seu 
 Jamaicense seu tabaa'cnm, Coc'culi Indi aromat'ici, 
 Amo'mnm pimenta, Fructus pimenti, Carive, Ca- 
 -yophyl'lns Ameriea'nus seu Pimen'ta, Allspice, 
 (F.) Poivre de Jamaique, Toute epice, Assourou. 
 The unripe berries — Pimenta (Ph. U. S.) — have 
 an aromatic odour ; resembling a mixture of cin- 
 namon, nutmeg, and cloves ; the taste is pungent, 
 but mixed, like the odour. Like other peppers, 
 this is stimulant and carminative. The oil — 
 O'leum Pimen'tm — possesses the virtues of the 
 berries. The powdered fruit has been called 
 Quatre epices or Four spices. Dose, gr. v. to ^ij. 
 Aqua Pimen'ta, Pimento wafer, is officinal in the 
 London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Pharmacopoeias. 
 It is carminative. Dose, f,f j or f §ij. 
 
 MYRUM, 3Iyron, fivpov. A perfumed oil or 
 ointment. A liquid perfume. The spontaneously 
 exuding juice of many plants, especially of that 
 from which myrrh is obtained. 
 
 MYS, Muscle. 
 MYSIOLOGIA, Myology. 
 MYSITIS, Myositis. 
 
 MYSTAX, Mastax, /xwra^, fivaTa^os. The hair 
 growing on each side of the upper lip in men. 
 The mustache or mustachio, (Old Eng.) 3Iun- 
 chat'oe, (P.) Moustache. Also, the upper lip. 
 
 MYSTE'RION, ixixr-rnpiov, 'a, mystery.' An 
 arcanum, nostrum, or secret preparation in gene- 
 ral. Also, an antidote referred to by Galen and 
 others. 
 
 MYSTRON, ixvarpov. A Greek measure, which 
 held about three drachms. 
 
 MYT'ILUS EDU'LIS. The common mussel, 
 (F.) Moule. A bivalve, the flesh of which, when 
 at all in a state of decomposition, is highly poi- 
 sonous. When fresh, it is an agreeable, but not 
 very digestible article of diet, producing, in some 
 persons, all the symptoms of urticaria. One 
 affected with such phenomena is said, occasionally, 
 to be mus' selled. 
 
 MYU'RUS, Meiu'rus. A pulse is so called 
 when it sinks progressively and becomes smaller 
 and smaller like a rat's tail ; from //uf, ' rat,' 
 and ovpa, 'tail.' Pulsus myuriis recip'rocus, a 
 pulse, which, after having become gradually 
 weaker resumes, by degreess, its former cha- 
 racter. 
 
 MYXA, Mucus, Sebestina. 
 MYXM, Mycteres. 
 MYXIOSIS, Gonorrhoea impura. 
 MYXODES, Muciform. 
 
 MYXOR'RHOOS, nv^oppoos, from jxv^a, ' mu- 
 cus,' and peo), 'I flow.' One who is subject to 
 mucous discharge. Applied to an infant, that 
 discharges a considerable quantity of mucus and 
 saliva. 
 
 MYXOSARCO'MA, from ixv^a, 'mucus,' and 
 aap^, aapKOi, 'flesh.' A tumour which is mueo- 
 carneous ; partly mucous and partly fleshy. 
 MYXOTER, Nasus. 
 MYZESIS, Sucking. 
 
 IS". 
 
 N. This letter, in prescriptions, is an abridg- 
 ment of Numero, ' by number.' 
 
 NAB'ALUS ALBUS, Prenan'thes alba seu 
 serpenta'ria. White Lettuce, Lion's Foot, Battle- 
 snake's 3Iaster, Rattlesn ake root, Gall of the Earth, 
 from va(i\a, 'a harp,' owing to the lyrate leaves. 
 An indigenous plant, of the order Compositse, 
 which, with several other species of the genus, is 
 reputed to possess the power of curing the bites 
 of serpents. The root has been used in dysentery. 
 
 Nabalus Fraseri has similar properties. 
 
 KABOT, Saccharum candidum. 
 
 NABO'THI GLAN'DTJL^, O'vuJa seu Ova 
 NabotJii seu Nabothia'na, Ova'rium Nabothi, Fol- 
 li'ctdi rotun'di et oblon'gi, Vesic'ulcp. seu Bidlm 
 rotun'dcB cervi'cis u'teri, V. semina' les mulie'rum, 
 Cor'pora seu Corpus'cula gluho'sa, Glandules seu 
 Mydat'ides cervi'cis uteri. Glands of Naboth. 
 Small, mucous crypts or follicles situate in the 
 interstices of the duplicatures of the lining mem- 
 brane of the cervix uteri. Naboth, from noticing 
 them in a morbid condition, mistook them for 
 ova; and hence they received the name Ovula 
 Nahothi. 
 
 NACRA, Nakra, Nasa. A kind of influenza 
 common in the East Indies. 
 
 NACRE, Margaritaceous. 
 
 NACREOUS, Margaritaceous. 
 
 N^VI, see Nsevus — n. Pigmentary, see Naevus. 
 
 Nj3?VUS, Plural NcBvi ; N(pvus mafer'nns seu 
 Sigil'lum, Nota mater'na. Nevus, 3lac'ul(B matri'- 
 eis seu mater'na seu matrica'les, Notes infan'tum, 
 Lupus varico'sus, Stig'mata, dietrocel'ides, Con- 
 gen'ita nota, 3/other's or Fancy marks, 3[other's 
 spots, (F.) Envie, Tache de Naissance. Spots of 
 various kinds on the skin of children when born, 
 which have been attributed to the influence of the 
 maternal imagination on the foetus in utero. 
 They are of various appearances, some much 
 better supplied with blood than others. Some 
 are merely superficial or stain-like spots, Pig- 
 men'tary navi ; others are prominent, Vascular, 
 tumours, and often have long, irregular hairs 
 growing from them. These have usually been 
 called 3foles, Spili, Spilo'ma, Epichro'ses spilt, 
 (fee. The red, rosy, violet or bluish spots are 
 called by I. G. St. Hilaire, Taches Sanguines ; — 
 those of an intermediate hue, between the normal 
 colour and black, Taches melaniennes. See Te- 
 langiectasia. 
 
 When naevi are superficial, without any dispo- 
 sition to enlarge or spread, they need not be 
 
NAFDA 
 
 619 NAPLES, (CLIMATE OF) 
 
 meddled with : but all those that partake of the 
 character of aneurism by anastomosis had better 
 be removed, where practicable. 
 Njet0S Sigillum, Ntevus. 
 NAFDA, Naphtha. 
 
 NAIL, Sax. naesl, (G.) Nagel, Unguis, Onyx, 
 (F.) Ongle. A whitish transparent substance, 
 similar to horn, which covers the dorsal extremity 
 of the fingers. Three portions are distinguished 
 in it; the extremity, which is free, at the end of 
 the finger ; — the body or middle portion adherent 
 by its inner surface ; and the root, Radix sen 
 Matrix unguis, In'timum unguis, (F.) Matrice de 
 I'ongle. The last presents two distinct parts ; the 
 one, terminated by a thin, serrated edge, is buried 
 in a duplicature of the skin, Vallec'ida unguis, 
 which acts the part of a nail-follicle / the other, 
 called Lu'mda seu Semilu'mda seu Sele'ne seu 
 Arcus seu Exor'tus seu Anat'ole seu Albe'do un'- 
 guiura, is whitish and of a semilunar shape, and 
 is situate above the part where the epidermis ter- 
 minates. The nails are composed of a horny 
 tissue, of the same nature as that which forms 
 the hoofs, horns, and scales of different animals. 
 When the nail has been torn off, the papillte of 
 the skin become covered by a soft, whitish lamina, 
 whose consistence gradually augments. New 
 laminae are then formed underneath, and give the 
 nail the thickness it ought to possess. The 
 corneous substance, being thus constantly pro- 
 duced at the extremity of each of these laminae, 
 the whole of the nail is pushed forwards, and it 
 would grow indefinitely, were it not cut or worn 
 by friction. 
 
 The nails protect and support the extremities 
 of the fingers against the impression of hard 
 bodies. They are, also, useful in laying hold of 
 small bodies ; and dividing those that have but 
 little consistence. 
 
 NAIL-FOLLICLE, see Nail. 
 NAIL SPRING, Hangnail, 
 NAIN, Nanus. 
 
 NAISSANOE, see Parturition. 
 NAKRA, Nacra. 
 NANGNAIL, Hangnail. 
 NANISME, see Nanus 
 NANNARI, Hemidesmus Indicus. 
 NANNYBERRY, Viburnum lentago. 
 NANOCEPHALIA. see Nanocephalus. 
 NANOCEPH'ALUS, from vavos, 'a dwarf,' and 
 KE4)a\v, ' head.' One of a monstrous state — Nano- 
 cepha'lia — in which the whole head or certain of 
 its parts are too small, whilst the trunk and ex- 
 tremities are normal. 
 
 NANOCORMIA, see Nanocormus. 
 NANOCOR'MUS, from vavo;, 'a dwarf,' and 
 Kopfio;, 'a trunk.' One of a monstrous condition 
 — Nanocormia — in which the trunk is too small, 
 whilst the head possesses its normal size. 
 NANOMELIA, see Nanomelus. 
 NANOM'ELUS, from vavo;, 'a dwarf,' and 
 jjieXog, 'a. limb.' One of a monstrous condition — 
 Jfanomelia — in which some part of an extremity 
 is too small, and the whole limb too short. 
 
 NANOSO'MIA, from vavos, <a. dwarf,' and 
 (rwfia, ' body.' Microso'mia. Dwarf 'iaJiness, (F.) 
 Nanisme. A state in which the entire body with 
 all its parts is smaller than common. 
 NANOSOMUS, Nanus. 
 
 NANUS, vavos, Pumil'io, Pu'milo, Pusil'lus, 'a 
 dwarf:' Nanoso'mus, (Prov.) Orut, Rope Spin- 
 nick, (Sc.) Croil, Crok, Bearch, Berch, Droich, 
 Wratacl: (Pu'milus, Pumi'lius,' dy/ar&sh.') (F.) 
 Nain. One who is much below the usual stature. 
 The term is applicable to all organized beings 
 from man to the vegetable. Trees have their 
 dwarfs, as the human species have theirs. Some 
 • curious authenticated instances of human dwarfs 
 are on record. Bebe, the dwarf of Stanislaus, 
 
 king of Poland, was 33 inches (French) long, 
 and well proportioned. The Polish nobleman, 
 Borwlaski, who was well made, clever, and a 
 good linguist, measured 28 Paris inches. He had 
 a brother, 34 inches high, and a sister 21. A 
 Friesland peasant, at 26 years of age, had at- 
 tained 29 Amsterdam inches. C. H. Stciberin, 
 of Niirnberg, was under three feet high at 20, 
 yet he was well proportioned and possessed of 
 talents. General Tom Thumb, so called, was 
 seen by the Author in 1847. He was said to be 
 15 years old; measured 28 inches in height, and 
 when weighed at the mint was found to weigh 
 20 pounds and 2 ounces. Two remarkable In- 
 dian dwarfs were exhibited in the United States 
 and in Europe, about the middle of the 19th cen- 
 tury, under the name of 'Aztec children,' — the 
 boy, from 7 to 8 years of age, was 33J inches in 
 height, and weighed 20g pounds : — the girl, from 
 4 to 6 years of age, was 29i inches high, and 
 weighed 17 pounds. They were very deficient 
 in intellect. See Pygmy. 
 
 NAPE OF THE NECK, Nucha. 
 NAPELLUS VERUS, Aconitum napellus. 
 NAPH^ FLORES, see Citrus aurantium. 
 NAPHTHA, Acetone. 
 
 Naphtha, va(pSa, Nafda, Napta, Napto'Uus, 
 O'leum petrcB album; (F.) Naphte ; from a Chal- 
 daic and Syriac word signifying bitumen. A 
 bituminous substance, found in Persia, Calabria, 
 Sicily, &c. It is liquid, limpid, of a yellowish- 
 white colour, a smell slightly resembling that of 
 oil of turpentine, and lighter than water. It re- 
 sembles petroleum in its properties, and has beer 
 chiefly used as an external application ; although 
 occasionally, as an anthelmintic, and in inhala 
 tion in phthisis pulmonalis. Also, Mtlnav. 
 
 Naphtha Aceti, ^ther aceticus — n. Coal Tar, 
 Light, see Anaisthetic — n. Sulphurica, iEthor 
 sulphuricus — n. Vitrioli, iEther sulphuricus — n. 
 Vitriol! camphorata, Tinctura setherea campho- 
 rata — n. Vitrioli martialis, Tinctura seu Alcohol, 
 sulphurico-Eethereus ferri — n. Wood, Acetone. 
 
 NAPH'THALINE, Najjhthali'na, Naph' thalin. 
 When coal tar is subjected to distillation, naph- 
 thaline passes over after coal naphtha. It is a 
 white, shining, concrete, crystalline substance, 
 fusible at 176° and boiling at 423°. It is soluble 
 in alcohol, ether, naphtha and the oils, but inso- 
 luble in water. It has been used as an excitant 
 expectorant, in the dose of 8 to 30 grains, in 
 emulsion or syrup, and repeated. It has also 
 been used as an anthelmintic; and, when made 
 into an ointment, in psoriasis, lepra vulgaris, &c. 
 NA'PIFORM, Napjiform' is, Bu'nioid, Bunio'i'- 
 des, from napiis, 'a turnip,' and forma, 'shape.' 
 An epithet for a form of scirrhous tumour whose 
 cut surface presents concentric lines resembling 
 those seen in the interior of a turnip. 
 NAPIUM, Lapsana, Sinapis. 
 NAPLES, (CLIMATE OF.) The climate of 
 Naples in its general characters resembles that 
 of Nice, but it is more changeable: the sirocco 
 too, which is little known in Nice, is severely felt 
 at Naples. It is not a good residence for the 
 phthisical invalid: Sir James Clark, indeed, con- 
 siders it altogether unsuitable. 
 
 Naples, Mineral Wateks of. In the Quarter 
 Santa Lucia, near the coast, is a cold spring, rich 
 in sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonic acid. It 
 is much used as an aperient tonic, and in cutane- 
 ous affections. 
 
 Naples Water, Factit"ious, Aqua Neapoli- 
 ta'na seu acid'ula hydrosidphura'ta, (F.) Eau de 
 Naples. (Acidulous water, containing four times 
 its bulk of carbonic acid, §xv, and ^iij ; hydro, 
 sulphuretted wetter, ^ix; carbonate of soda, gr. 
 viij ; carbonate of magnesia, gr. x. M. Ph. P.) 
 
NAPTA 
 
 620 
 
 NASAL 
 
 NAPTA, Nanus, Nata. 
 
 NAPTALIUS, Nanus. 
 
 NAPUS, Sinapis — n. Leucosinapis, Sinapis 
 alba — n. Sylvestris, Brassica napus. 
 
 NAPY, Sinapis. 
 
 NARCAPHTE, Thymiama. 
 
 NARCAPH'THON, Nascaph'thon. The bark 
 of an aromatic tree formerly brought from India. 
 By some, supposed to be that of the tree which 
 affords the olibanum. It was used in fumigation, 
 in diseases of the lungs. See Lacaphthon. 
 
 NARCE, Narcosis. 
 
 NARCEMA, Narcosis. 
 
 NARCESIS, Narcosis. 
 
 NAROISSE D'AUTOMNE, Colchieum au- 
 tumnale — n. Faux, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus 
 
 — M. dea Pre8, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus — n. 
 Sauvage, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. 
 
 NARCIS'SUS PSEUDO-NARCIS'SUS, N. 
 festa'lia seu glaucus seu grandijlo'rus seu Tiis- 
 jian'icus seu major seu serra'tue seu aylves'tris, 
 Balhoco'dium, Pseudo-narcissus, Daffodil, (Old 
 Eng.) Aff'udil, Belle-Blome, (Prov.) Affrodile, 
 Bellfiower, Butter and Eggs, Lent-rose. Ord. 
 Amaryliidaee£e. (F.) Narcisse sauvage, Narcisse 
 des pres, Faux narcisse, Porrillon, Aiault, Zou- 
 sinette, Jeannette. The root is emetic and cathar- 
 tic, in the dose of ^^ij- The flowers are antispas- 
 modic. Dose, 24 grains. 
 
 NARCODES, Narcotized, 
 
 NARCO'SIS, Nar'cotism, Narce, Narca, 
 Narce'ma, Narce'sis, from vapKoo), 'I benumb.' 
 Torpe'do, Torpor, Stupor, Stupefac' tio . The ag- 
 gregate effects produced by narcotic substances. 
 At times, narcotism is confined to a state of more 
 or less profound stupor ; and constitutes, in cer- 
 tain cases, a useful remedial condition ; at others, 
 it is a true poisoning, characterized by vertigo, 
 nausea, a state of intoxication or apoplexy, con- 
 stant delirium, convulsive motions, &c. Emetics 
 in strong doses, and not much diluted with wa- 
 ter ; purgatives and glysters are the first means 
 to be used in this condition. The stupor may 
 afterwards be combated by the use of exciting 
 and stimulating drinks. 
 
 Narcosis Folliculo'rum. A state of the 
 scalp, which Mr. Erasmus Wilson conceives to 
 be dependent upon torpid action of the hair fol- 
 licles, and in which the scalp and hair are found 
 covered with a yellowish, dirtj'-looking powder, 
 composed of an admixture of granular particles 
 and furfuraceous scales. 
 
 NARCOSPAS'MUS, from vapKr,, 'stupor,' and 
 anaayio?, ' spasm.' Stupor combined with spasm. 
 
 NARCOTIA, Narcotine. 
 
 NARCOTIC POISON, see Poison. 
 
 NARCOTICO-ACRID, see Poison. 
 
 NARCOT'ICS, Narcot'ica, Oarot'ica, Ohstu- 
 pefacien'tia, Stupefacien'tia, Stupefa'eients, (F.) 
 Stupe/actifs, Stupejiants. Same etymon. Sub- 
 stances, which have the property of stupefying; 
 
 — as opium, stramonium, hyoscyamus, bella- 
 donna, &c. They are used in medicine as 
 soothing agents ; exerting their special influence 
 on the brain and tubular matter of the spinal 
 marrow. In small doses, as a general rule, 
 narcotics stimulate ; in large, they act as seda- 
 tives. The following is a list of the chief narco- 
 tics : — Aconitum, ^therea. Belladonna, Cam- 
 phora. Cannabis, Conium, Digitalis, Humulus, 
 Hyoscyamus, Lactucarium, Opium and Morphia, 
 Stramonii Folia, Stramonii Semina, Mental Nar- 
 cotics, (Appropriate Music, Monotonous sounds, 
 or any succession of monotonous impressions.) 
 
 NAR'COTINE, Narcoti'na, Narcot'ia, Narco- 
 tin, Anareoti'na, Opia'num ; same etymon; (F.) 
 Sel de Derosne ou d'opium, Opiane, Principe 
 cry stall! zahle de Derosne. A solid, white, inodo- 
 rous, and insipid substance ; by some considered 
 
 to be alkaloid ; by others neuter ; crystallizable 
 in straight prisms with a rhomboidal base; fusi- 
 ble like the fats; soluble in boiling alcohol and 
 ether, and scarcely soluble in water. Narcotine 
 produces all the unpleasant effects of opium ; but, 
 at the same time, throws the animal into a state 
 of stupor. It is not used in medicine, on account 
 of these objections. The salts, which are very 
 bitter, have been used successfully in India for 
 the cure of intermittents. 
 
 NARCOTISM, Narcosis. 
 
 NAR'COTIZED, Tor'pidus, Narco'des. Af- 
 fected with stupor, as from the use of a narcotic. 
 
 NARD, CELTIC, Valeriana Celtica — n. In- 
 diea, Nardus Indica — )!. Indien, Nardus Indiea — 
 n. Indique, Nardus Indica — n. Petit, Aralia nudi- 
 caulis — n. Sauvage, Asarum. 
 
 NARDOSTACHYS JATAMANSI, Nardus In- 
 dica — n. Patrinia, Nardus Indica. 
 
 NARDUM GALLICUM, Valeriana Celtica. 
 
 NARDUS AMERICANUS, Aralia nudicaulis 
 — n. Celtica, Valeriana Celtica — n. Celtica altera, 
 Arnica montana — n. Montana, Asarum. 
 
 Nahdus In'dica, Spica, nardi seu In'diea, An- 
 dropo'gon nardus seu citriodo'riis, Ord. Grami- 
 neas [?], or Nardos'tachys seu Valeria'na seu Pa- 
 frin'ia Jataman'si, Valeria'na spica ; Order, Va- 
 lerianacese : Indian nard, Spikenard. The root 
 of this plant is one of the ingredients in the 
 mithridate and theriaca. It is moderately warm^ 
 and pungent, and has a flavour by no means dis- 
 agreeable. It is used by the Orientals as a spice: 
 — (F.) Nard Indien ou Indique. An ointment 
 was formerly used, called Unguen'tum nardi'nuvi. 
 It was prepared of Nard, Ilalahathrum leaves, 
 Oil of loorms, Cosfus, Ainomum, llyrrh, &c., and 
 was used as a detergent. 
 
 Nardus Rustica, Asarum. 
 
 NARES, Rhines, Oav'itas seu Cavum seu 
 Ca'vea seu Caver'na na'rium, Nasus inter'iius, 
 Ifycte'res, Na'rium ad'itus, Ocheteu'mata, The 
 nostrils, (Prov.) Snirrels, Snurles, (F.) Narines. 
 Two elliptical apertures, situate beneath the nose, 
 and separated from each other by the cartila- 
 ginous septum seu colum'nn nasi. These aper- 
 tures are continually open, and give passage to 
 the air we breathe, and to the mucous fluids se- 
 creted in the nasal fossae. 
 
 Nares Interna, Nasal fossa3. 
 
 Nares Posterior, Nares postre'mcB, Extre'- 
 mcB nares, Os'tia posterio'ra seu Choa'ncs na'- 
 rium, Na'rium Ex'itus, (F.) Arrieres narines, Ou- 
 vertures posterieures des fosses nasales, are the 
 posterior apertures of the nasal cavities, which 
 establish a communication between those cavities 
 and the pharynx. They are bounded, above, by 
 the body of the sphenoid bone; below, by the 
 palate bone, and the base of the velum pendu- 
 lum ; and, on the outside, by the internal ala of 
 the pterygoid process. They are separated from 
 each other by a septum, of which the vomer is 
 the bony part. 
 
 NARIFUSO'RIA, from nares, 'the nostrils,' 
 and funderc, fusxim, ' to pour.' Medicine dropt 
 into the nostrils. 
 
 NARINES, Nares, 
 
 NARIUM ADITUS, Nares— n. Siccitas, Myc- 
 teroxerotes. 
 
 NARROW CHEST, see Lordosis. 
 
 NARTHECIA, Formulary, Mvris. 
 
 NARTHECIUM, Formulary, Myris. 
 
 NARTHEX, Formulary, Myris, Splint — n. 
 Asafoetida, see Asafoetida. 
 
 NASA, Nacra, Nata. 
 
 NASAL, Nasa'lis, from nasus, 'the nose.' 
 That which relates to the nose. 
 
 Nasal Artert. This is the largest of the two 
 branches in which the ophthalmic artery termi- 
 nates. It issues from the orbit, above the tendon 
 
NASAL 
 
 621 
 
 NASO-PALATINE 
 
 of fhe orbicularis palpebrarum, passes above the 
 side of the root of the nose, and anastomoses with 
 the last extremity of the facial. Haller gave the 
 name nasal to the spheno-palatine. He also 
 called the dorsales nasi, furnished by the exter- 
 nal maxillary, Nasa'les latera'les. 
 
 Nasal Bones, Ossa nasi seu nasa'Ua, Ossic'- 
 ula nasi, Ossa maxil'lce supeHo'ris quarta seu 
 quinta seu secun'da, (F.) Os nasaux, Os propres 
 da nez. These bones are situate beneath the 
 nasal notch of the os frontis, and occupy the 
 space between the nasal or angular processes of 
 the superior maxillary bone. Their shape is 
 nearly quadrilateral. They have an external or 
 cutaneous surface, an internal or nasal, and four 
 margins. Each is articulated with its fellow, 
 with the OS frontis, ethmoid, and superior maxil- 
 lary bones. They ossify from a single point. 
 
 Nasal Car'tilage, Cartila'go triangula' ris 
 Nasi. A cartilage formed of three portions, 
 which unite at the dorsum nasi, and are distin- 
 guished into the cartilage of the septum, and the 
 lateral cartilages. This cartilage is continuous, 
 above, with the ossa nasi, and, inferiorly, with 
 membranous fibro-cartilages, which form the sup- 
 ple and movable part of the nostrils. They are 
 two in number — the one before, the other behind. 
 
 Nasal Duct, Lachrymal duct — n. Eminence, 
 Mesophryon. 
 
 Nasal Foss^, Cavi na'rium, Nares inter'nm. 
 Two large, anfractuous cavities, situate between 
 the orbits below the cranium, and lined by 
 the pituitary or Schneiderian membrane. These 
 cavities have no communication with each other; 
 but the various sinuses in the neighbouring bones 
 — the ethmoidal, sphenoidal, superior maxillary, 
 etc. — all communicate with them. The general 
 cavity of each nostril is divided by the ossa spon- 
 giosa into three meatus or passages, which run 
 from before backwards. 1. The Meatus narium 
 supe'rior, placed at the upper, inner, and back 
 part of the superior spongy bone. 2. The J/ea- 
 tus me'dius, situate between the superior and in- 
 ferior spongy bones ; and 3. The Meatus infe'- 
 rior, situate between the inferior spongy bone 
 and the bottom of the nose. The Schneide- 
 rian membrane receives the first pair of nerves, 
 and various branches from the fifth pair. The 
 arteries are furnished by the branches of the in- 
 ternal maxillary, known under the names of 
 spheno-palatine, infra-orbitar, superior alveolar, 
 palatine, pterygo-palatine ; by the supra-orbitar, 
 and ethmoidal branches of the ophthalmic artery; 
 by the internal carotid, superior labial, and dor- 
 sales nasi. Its veins are little known, and gene- 
 rally follow the course of the arteries. The lym- 
 phatics are almost unknown. The nasal fossae 
 are the seat of smell; they aid, also, in respiration 
 and phonation. 
 
 Nasal Meatus, see Nasal fossse. 
 
 Nasal Mucus, llucus na'rium, PKlegma na'- 
 rium crassum, ^fucor seu Pitui'ta seu Blenna seu 
 Lympha muculen'ta na'rium, Apomyx'ia, vulgarly 
 called Snot, Snob, Snoth, (F.) Morve, is the mucus 
 secreted by the Schneiderian membrane. 
 
 Nasal Nerve, Naso-palpehral (Ch.), Naso- 
 oculaJris fScimmering), Naso-cilia'ris. One of 
 the three branches of the ophthalmic nerve of 
 Willis. It enters the orbit by the sphenoidal fis- 
 sure, passes along the inner paries of that cavity, 
 and divides, opposite the internal and anterior 
 orbitar foramen, into two branches. 1. The in- 
 ternal axiA posterior, which passes into the Fora- 
 men orbitarium internum anterius, enters the cra- 
 nium beneath the dura mater, and passes into the 
 nasal fossse, through an aperture at the side of 
 the Crista galli. It afterwards divides into seve- 
 ral filaments : one of them — the Naao-lobar, of 
 
 Chaussier — is very small, and descends on the 
 posterior surface of the os nasi, and ramifies on 
 the integuments of the ala nasi. A second ter- 
 minates near the septum; others descend along 
 the outer paries of the nasal fossse. 2. The other 
 is external and anterior, ixn& is called the external 
 nasal nerve. It is distributed to the outside of 
 the orbit. Before dividing, the nasal nerve com- 
 municates with the ophthalmic ganglion, and 
 gives off two or three ciliary nerves. Sommer- 
 ing has given the name Posterior Nasal Nervea 
 to the nerves which arise from the internal part 
 of the spheno-palatine ganglion. 
 
 Nasal Notch, (F.) Eclumcrure nasale. A 
 semicircular notch, situate between the nasal 
 prominence of the frontal bone, and articulated 
 with the nasal bones and the nasal processes of 
 the superior maxillary bones. 
 
 Nasal Peocess, Maxillary bone, superior. 
 
 Nasal Proii'inexce, (F.) Basse nasale. A 
 prominence, situate on the median line, at the 
 anterior surface of the os frontis, between the two 
 superciliary arches. 
 
 Nasal Region, Re'gio nasa'Us. The region 
 of the nose. 
 
 Nasal Spines. These are three in number. 
 
 1. The Supe'rior nasal spine of the os frontis, 
 occupying the middle of its nasal notch, and ar- 
 ticulated before with the nasal bones, behind 
 with the ethmoid. 2. The infe'rior and ante'rior 
 nasal spine, situate at the inferior part of the an- 
 terior opening of the nasal fossEe. It is formed 
 by the two superior maxillary bones; and 3. The 
 infe'rior and poste'rior nasal spine, JEpine guttu- 
 rale (Ch.), a process, formed on the median line 
 by the two palate bones at the posterior part of 
 the palatine arch. 
 
 NASALE, Errhine. 
 
 NASALIS, Compressor naris. 
 
 Nasa'lis La'bii Superio'bis. a small mus- 
 cular slip, which runs up from the middle of the 
 orbicularis and the lip to the tip of the nose. It 
 lies exactly in the furrow, and is occasionally a 
 levator of the upper lip, or a depressor of the tip 
 of the nose. 
 
 NASAS, Nata. 
 
 NASATUS, Membrosus. 
 
 NAS'CALE. A kind of pessary, made of wool, 
 or cotton, which was formerly introduced into 
 the vagina, after being impregnated with oil, 
 ointment, or some other proper medicament. 
 
 NASCAPHTHON, Narearphthon. 
 
 NASDA, Nata. 
 
 NASI, see Oryza. 
 
 NASITAS, Rhinophonia. 
 
 NASITIS, Rhinitis — n. Postiea, Angina nasalis. 
 
 NASO, Nasu'tus, from nasus, 'the nose.' One 
 who has a long nose. In composition, appertain- 
 ing or relating to the nose. 
 
 NASOCILIARIS (Nervus), Nasal nerve. 
 
 NASO-LA'BIAL, Naso-labia'lis ; from naso, 
 and labium, 'a lip.' Relating to the nose and 
 lip. 
 
 Naso-Laeial LrsE. A line or furrow, which 
 separates the lip from the cheek, and commences 
 at the ala nasi. 
 
 NASO-LABIA'LIS. A muscular fasciculus 
 described by Albinus, which arises from the an- 
 terior extremity of the septum nasi, and termi- 
 nates in the orbicularis oris. 
 
 NASO-PAL'ATINE, Naso-palati'mw. That 
 which belongs to the nose and velum palati. 
 
 Naso-Palatine Ganglion is situate in the 
 foramen palatinum anterius. Its greater extre- 
 mity receives the two naso-palatine brancbes; 
 
naso-palp£bral 
 
 622 
 
 NAUSIOSIS 
 
 whilst the smaller gives off two or three fila- 
 ments, which reach the palatine vault, where 
 they ramify on the membrane of the same name, 
 anastomosing with filaments of the great palatine 
 nerve. 
 
 Naso-Pai-atine Nerve, Nerve of Cotun'nins, 
 is furnished by the spheno-palatine, which pro- 
 ceeds from the ganglion of Meckel. It traverses 
 the vault of the nasal fossas, and proceeds upon 
 the septum between the two layers of the pituitary 
 membrane. It enters the anterior palatine canal, 
 and terminates at the superior angles of the naso- 
 palatine ganglion, without attaining the mouth. 
 
 NASO-PALPJBBRAL, Orbicularis palpebra- 
 rum. 
 
 NASTA, Nata. 
 
 NASTURTIUM AMPHIBIUM, see Sisyni- 
 brium — n. Aquaticum, Cardamine pratensis, Si- 
 symbrium nasturtium — n. Bursa pastoris, Thlaspi 
 bursa — n. Hortense, Lepidium sativum — n. Indi- 
 cum, Tropaeolum majus — n. Officinale, Sisymbri- 
 um nasturtium — n. Palustre, see Sisymbrium — n. 
 Peruvianum, Tropaeolum majus — n. Pratense, 
 Cardamine pratensis — n. Sativum, Lepidium sa- 
 tivum. 
 
 NASUM DILATANS, Pyramidalis nasi. 
 NASUS, Nose, Bhin, Phis, Or'ganon olfac- 
 t&s seu odora'tils seu olfaeto'rium, Promonto'- 
 Hum faciei, Myxo'ter, Emnncto'rium cer'ebri, 
 Snout, (Sc.) Neis, Neg, (F.) Nez. The nose is a 
 pyramidal eminence, situate above the anterior 
 apertures of the nasal fossas, which it covers ; 
 and, consequently, occupying the middle and 
 upper part of the face, between the forehead and 
 upper lip, the orbits and the cheeks. Its lateral 
 surfaces form, by uniting angularly, a more or 
 less prominent line, called Dorsum seu Bhachis 
 seu Spina Nasi, (F.) Dos du nez. This line ter- 
 minates, anteriorly, by the lohe, — Lob'rdus. The 
 sides are called AIcb Nasi, Pinna Naris, (F.) 
 Ailes du nez. The columna is the inferior part 
 of the partition. Its apex or tip has been called 
 Glob'idus nasi. 
 
 The chief varieties of the nose are the aq'uiline, 
 the flat nose, (F.) Nez camarot ou ipate, and the 
 snub nose, (F.) Nez retroussi. The nose is formed, 
 besides its bones, of fibro-cartilage, cartilage, mus- 
 cles, vessels, and nerves ; and its use seems to be to 
 direct odours to the upper part of the nasal fossae. 
 Nasus iNTERNtrs, Nares. 
 NASUTUS, Naso. 
 
 NATA, Natta, Nasa, Nasda, Nasta, Nasas, 
 Napfa. A fleshy, indolent excrescence, having 
 the shape of the nates. 
 NATARON, Natron. 
 
 NATA'TION, Nata'tio, from natare, natatum, 
 itself from nare, 'to swim.' Swimming. The 
 action of swimming, or of supporting one's self, 
 or moving upon the water. Swimming resem- 
 bles the horizontal leap in its physiology — the 
 medium being water instead of air. The diflFer- 
 ence between the specific gravity of the human 
 body and that of water is not great ; so that but 
 little exertion is required to keep a part of the 
 body above water. Swimming is a healthy gym- 
 nastic exercise, combining the advantages of 
 bathing. 
 
 NATES, Ephed'rana, Sea'phia, Podex, Chines, 
 Glntoi, Gluti, Glu'tia, Sedi'lia, Pyge, IfoncB, 
 Bottom, Backside, Poste'riors, Buttocks, (Prov.) 
 Tout, (Sc.) Doup, DotBp, Dolp, Droddum, Hur- 
 dies, Lendis, &c., (F.) Fesses. Two round pro- 
 jections, at the inferior and posterior part of the 
 trunk, on which we sit. Amongst the mamma- 
 lia, man alone has the nates prominent and round. 
 They are formed chiefly by the skin, and a thick 
 layer of areolar tissue, which covers the three 
 glutasi muscles. 
 
 Nates Cerebri, Quadrigemina corpora — n. et 
 Testes, Quadrigemina corpora. 
 
 NATRIUM, Sodium. 
 
 NATROCREN^, Natropegae, 
 
 NATRON, Natrum, Nat'aron, Nitrum, Ana- 
 trum, Aphronitruni, from Natron, a lake in Judaea. 
 A saline compound, very abundant in Egypt, 
 which is almost wholly formed of subcaibunate 
 of soda. 
 
 NATRONIUM, Sodium. 
 
 NATROPE'G^, Nafroere'ncB, from natron, 
 and TrvyV) ' a spring.' Soda springs. 
 
 NATRUM, Natron — n. Chloratum liquidum. 
 Liquor sodaj chlorinatas — n. Muriaticum, Soda, 
 muriate of — n. Muriatum, Soda, muriate of — n. 
 Prseparatum, Soda, subcarbonate of — n. Tartari- 
 zatum. Soda, tartrate of — n. Vitriolatum, Soda, 
 sulphate of — n. Nitricum, Soda, nitrate of — n. 
 Oxymuriaticum, Soda, chloride of — n. Oxyphos- 
 phorodes, Soda, phosphate of — n. Sulphuricum, 
 Soda, sulphate of. 
 
 NATTA, Nata. 
 
 NATUL^, Quadrigemina tubercula. 
 
 NATU'RA, from nasci, 'to be born or arise.' 
 Physis. Nature. Also, the genital organs. 
 
 Natu'ra Morbi. The essence or condition of 
 a disease. 
 
 NATURAL PARTS, Genital organs. 
 
 NATURALIA, Genital organs. 
 
 NA'TURISM, Nat'uralism. A view which 
 attributes every thing to nature, as a sage, pre- 
 scient, and sanative entity. — Nysten. See Ex- 
 pectation. 
 
 NA'TURIST. A physician who scrupulously 
 investigates, interprets, and follows the indica- 
 tions presented by nature in the treatment of 
 disease. 
 
 NAU'CLEA GAMBIR, Unca'ria gambir. A 
 plant of the Nat. Order, Rubiaceae, native of 
 the Malayan Peninsula and Indian Archipelago, 
 which yields large quantities of the kind of 
 Catechu known by the names Terra Japon'ica 
 and Square Catechu, and which, in Indian com- 
 merce, is called Gambier or Gambir. It is a 
 powerful astringent, much used in tanning, and 
 in medicine. See Catechu. 
 
 NAU'SEA, Nau'sia, Nausi'asis, Nausio'sis, 
 Nau'tia, Queas'iness, Squeas'iness, (F.) Nausee, 
 Envie de vomir ; from vavs, navis, 'a ship;' be- 
 cause those unaccustomed to sailing are so af- 
 fected. Sickness. Inclination to vomit. 
 
 Nausea, Kreat'ic, (Kpea;, Kpearo;, 'flesh.') The 
 sickness and vomiting, excited, in some nervous 
 patients, By the smallest portion of animal food. 
 Nausea Mari'na, Morbus nau'tictis, Vom'itits 
 navigan'tium seu mari'nus. Sea-sickness, (F.) Mai 
 de mer. The sickness, vomiting, &c., experienced 
 at sea by those unaccustomed to a sea-life ; and 
 from which those who are accustomed are not 
 always exempt. It generally ceases when the 
 person becomes habituated to the motion of the 
 vessel, and not till then. 
 
 NAUSEABOND, Nauseant. 
 NAU'SEANT, Nau'seans, (F.) NausSabond, 
 Nauseeux. An agent that excites nausea, which 
 is a state of diminished action. Nauseants are, 
 hence, valuable remedies in diseases of excite- 
 ment. 
 
 NAUSIA, Nausea. 
 NAUSIASIS, Nausea. 
 
 NAUSIO'SIS. This word, besides being sy- 
 nonymous with nausea, has been used to express 
 the state of venous hemorrhage, when blood is 
 discharged by jets. 
 
NAUTIA 
 
 623 
 
 NEEDLE 
 
 NAUTIA, Nausea. 
 
 NAVEL, Umbilicus — n. String, Funiculus um- 
 bilicalis — n. Wort, Cotyledon umbilicus — n. Wort, 
 Venus's, Cotyledon umbilicus. 
 
 NAVET, Brassica rapa — n. da Biable, Bryo- 
 nia alba — ». Galant, Bryonia alba. 
 
 NA VETTE, Brassica rapa. 
 
 NAVICULAR, Navicula'rk, Navifor'mis, (P.) 
 Naviculaire, from navicula, 'a little ship.' 
 
 Navtc'ulak Fossa, Fossa Namcula'ris sen 
 Svn/ihoi'des, Navic'ida, Scaph'ida. See Scaphoid. 
 This name has been given, 1. To a small depres- 
 sion between the entrance of the vagina and the 
 posterior commissure of the labia major or four- 
 chette. 2. To a perceptible dilatation, presented 
 by the urethra in man, near the base of the 
 glans. 3. To the superficial depression which 
 separates the two roots of the helix. This is also 
 called Scapha. 
 
 NAVICULARS OS, Scaphoides os. 
 
 NAVIFORMIS, Navicular. 
 
 NAVIS, Vulva. 
 
 NEAR-SIGHTEDNESS, Myopia. 
 
 NEARTHRO'SIS, from vtoj, 'young qf new,' 
 and ap^pov, "a joint.' A new joint. 
 
 NEBLE, Nipple. 
 
 NEB'ULA, Niihes, Nubec'ula, Neplios, vt(pt\ri, 
 Neph'ele, Nephe'lion, Visus nehulo'sns, (P.) Nuage, 
 Ombrage. A slight speck on the cornea. A mist 
 or cloud suspended in the urine. See Caligo. 
 
 NEBULOUS, Nepheloid. 
 
 NECESSARY, Necessa'rius, [tie, and cessare.) 
 The Necessaries of Life, VitcB necessita'tea, (F.) 
 Besoina de la vie, include every thing requisite 
 for the maintenance of life, and particularly food. 
 
 NECK, Collum — n. Derbyshire, Bronchocele. 
 
 Neck of the Foot, Instep. 
 
 Neck, Swelled, Bronchocele — n. Stiff, Torti- 
 collis — n. Wry, Torticollis. 
 
 NECKLACE, AN'ODYNE, (F.) Collier anodin. 
 These are formed of the roots of hyoscyamus. 
 Job's tears, allspice steeped in brandy, or the 
 seeds of the wild liquorice vine, to suit the fancy 
 of the prescriber. They are employed to facili- 
 tate dentition in children, and to procure sleep in 
 fever. (!) 
 
 NECKWEED, Veronica beccabunga, V. pere- 
 grina. 
 
 NECR^'MIA, from vtKpoi, 'death,' and 'aifia, 
 'blood.' Death of the blood. Death beginning 
 with the blood. 
 
 NBCRBNCEPHALUS, Mollities cerebri. 
 
 NECROCEDIA, Embalming. 
 
 NECROCOMIUM, Iforgue. 
 
 NECRODES, Cadaverous. 
 
 NECRODOCHIUM, irorgue. 
 
 NECROLOGY, BILLS OF, Mortality, bills of. 
 
 NECROMANCY, Necromanti' a, Negromanti' a, 
 Necyomanti'a, Nigromanti' a, from vcKpo;, 'death,' 
 and jxavTua, •' divination.' Divination by the 
 dead. 
 
 NECROMANTIA, Necromancy. 
 
 NECRON, Cadaver. 
 
 NECRONARCEMA, Rigor mortis. 
 
 NECROPHOB'IA, from v£»fpof, 'death,' and 
 0o|3oy, 'fear.' Exaggerated fear of death. This 
 symptom occurs in patients where the disease is 
 not mortal ; as in hypochondriasis. In fevers, it 
 is not a good symptom. 
 
 NECROPNBUMO'NIA, Pneumo'nin gangrm- 
 no'sa seu typho'sa, Garigrm'na sen Mortifica' tio 
 seu Anthrax seu Carbun'cnlus Pnlmo'num, Pneu- 
 mosep'eis, Pneumoc'ace, (F.) Gangrene du Pou- 
 moH, Pneumonecrosie, — Piorry j from vcKpoi, 
 
 'death,' and piieumonia. Gangrenous inflamma- 
 tion of the lungs. This may be diffused or cir- 
 cumscribed. The only pathognomonic symptom 
 is the extraordinary and repulsive odour of the 
 breath and expectoration. The treatment con- 
 sists in the use of the chlorides internally, or of 
 chlorine by inhalation ; allaying irritation by 
 opium, and supporting the patient by wine-whey, 
 and nourishing diet. 
 
 NECROPSIA, Autopsia cadaverica. 
 
 NECROPSY, Autopsia cadaverica. 
 
 NECROSCOPIA, Autopsia cadaverica. 
 
 NECROSCOPY, Autopsia cadaverica. 
 
 NECROSED, see Necrosis. 
 
 NECROSEMEIOT'ICE, from v£/cpof, 'death,' 
 and arinuov, 'a sign.' The doctrine of the signs 
 of death. 
 
 NECRO'SIS, from vekpow, ' I kill.' Mortifica- 
 tion. State of a bone or of a portion of a bona 
 deprived of life. Osteogangrm'na, Osteonecro'sis. 
 The bone, in such case, is said to be necrosed. 
 Necrosis may take place without the surrounding 
 soft parts being struck with gangrene. It is to 
 the bones what gangrene is to the soft parts. 
 The part of the bone affected with necrosis be- 
 comes a foreign body, similar to the gangrenous 
 eschar, and its separation must be accomplished 
 by the efforts of nature, or by art. When necro- 
 sis occurs in the centre of long bones, it never 
 extends to their articular extremities. The exte- 
 rior layers of bone form a canal round the dead 
 portion or sequestrum; between these swollen 
 layers and the sequestrum, suppuration takes 
 place; the matter presses against the bony canal; 
 perforates it, and is discharged by apertures, 
 which become fistulous. 
 
 In the treatment, the exit of the sequestrum 
 must be facilitated by proper incisions, by the 
 application of the trepan to the bone, i&c. 
 
 Necrosis Cerkalis, Ergotism — n. Dentium, 
 Dental gangrene — n. Ustilaginea, Ergotism. 
 
 NECROSTOA, Morgue. 
 
 NECROTOMY, Dissection. 
 
 NECTANDRA CINNAMOMOI'DES, Laurus 
 cinnamomdi'des, Cinnamo'mum sylves'tre Ameri- 
 ea'num : Order, Lauracese ; native of New Gre- 
 nada, where it is called Canela ; has the odour 
 and taste of cinnamon, and is used as such. 
 
 Nectandra Cymba'rum, Oeote'a cymba'rnm 
 seu ama'ra, grows in Oronoko, where it is called 
 Sass'afras, The bark is aromatic, bitter, and 
 stomachic ; and Von Martins thinks it is an in- 
 gredient in the curare poison. 
 
 Nectandra Puchury, see Pichurim beans — 
 n. Rodiei, see Bebeeru. 
 
 NECTAR, vtKTap, from vn, *a particle of ne- 
 gation,' and KTaia, 'to kill.' A pleasant liquor, 
 feigned by the poets to have been the drink of 
 the gods, and to have rendered immortal those 
 who partook of it. A name given, by the an- 
 cients, to many drinks ; and particularly to one 
 made with wine, evaporated, and sweetened with 
 honey. 
 
 NECTARIUM, Inula helenium. 
 
 NECUSIA, see Wound. 
 
 NECYOMANTIA, Necromancy. 
 
 NEDYIA, Intestines. 
 
 NEDYS, vn^vs. The belly, abdomen, stomach, 
 uterus. 
 
 NEEDLE, Sax. neol, naer)!, from Tout, n e t e n, 
 ' to sew.' Acus, Bel' one, RapJiis, Rajih'ion, Aces' - 
 tra, (F.) Aiguille. A steel instrument, used in 
 many professions. In Surgery, a steel, gold, sil- 
 ver, or platina instrument, that may be round, 
 flat, or triangular, straight, or curved, supported 
 or not by a handle, but having always a point, by 
 
NEEDLE-BEARER 
 
 624 
 
 NEOPLASTY 
 
 means of whicli it penetrates the textures; and 
 often having, either near the point, or more com- 
 monly, near the other extremity, an aperture or 
 eye for the reception of a thread or tape, which 
 it introduces into the parts. The Aiguille d, ap- 
 pareil of the French is the ordinary sewing nee- 
 dle used in the making of bandages, &o. 
 
 Needle, A'cupuncture, (F.) Aiguille d Acu- 
 puncture. An inflexible gold or silver needle; 
 conical, very delicate, four inches long, furnished 
 with a handle, and, at times, with a canula 
 shorter than it by about half an inch. An ordi- 
 nary needle, waxed at the head, will answer as a 
 substitute for this. See Acupuncture. 
 
 Needle, Cat'abact, Acus ophthal'mica, (F.) 
 Aiguille d cataracte. Needles of gold, silver, and 
 steel have been used; the latter, alone, at the 
 present day. The cataract needle is employed 
 to depress or tear the crystalline when opake. 
 This needle is usually made from 15 to 24 lines 
 long; and is attached to a fine handle. The ex- 
 tremity may be, as in Scarpa's and Langenbeck's, 
 pointed, prismatic, triangular, and curved ; in 
 Dupuytren's and Walther's, flat, curved, and 
 sharp- edged; in Hey's, flat, with a semicircular 
 and sharp end; or. as in Beer's, Siebold's, 
 Schmidt's, Himly's, Von Grafe's, &c., straight 
 and spear-pointed. A mark is generally placed 
 upon the handle to inform the operator, — when 
 the instrument is engaged in the eye, — what side 
 corresponds to the crystalline. 
 
 Needle for a Counter-Opening, Acus inva- 
 gina'ta, (F.) Aiguille d Contre-ouverture ou en- 
 gainee ou d gaine, — a long, narrow instrument 
 of steel; the point of which is fine and sharp on 
 both sides; — the heel {talon) having an aperture 
 to receive a thread, tape, <fec., provided with a 
 flat, silver sheath, shorter than the blade, the 
 point of which it covers when passing through 
 parts that have to be respected. 
 
 Needle, Deschamp's, Paupe's needle, (F.) 
 Aiguille de Deschamp-i, A. d manche, &c., is the 
 last described needle, fixed to a handle. The eye 
 is placed near the point. It is employed in the 
 ligature of deep-seated arteries. 
 
 Needle, Fis'tdla, (F.) Aiguille d FiKtule. A 
 long, flat, flexible, silver instrument; having an 
 aperture near one extremity; blunt at the other. 
 This was formerly used for passing a seton into 
 fistulous ulcers. On one of its sides was a groove 
 for guiding a bistouri in case of necessity. 
 
 Also, a long, steel instrument, terminated by a 
 point like that of a trocar, which Desault em- 
 ployed for penetrating the rectum, when operating 
 for fistula that had no internal aperture. 
 
 Needle, Hare-Lip, (F.) Aiguille d Bee de 
 Lievre. A small, silver canula, to which is at- 
 tached a spear-point, that can be readily with- 
 drawn. This needle, armed with the point, is 
 introduced at one side of the fissure in the lip, 
 and through the other. The twisted suture is 
 then applied, and the pin withdrawn. 
 
 Needle, Lig'ature, (F.) Aiguille d ligature. 
 A long, steel instrument, sharp towards one ex- 
 tremity, with an eye near the other, which was 
 formerly used for suspending the circulation of 
 blood prior to amputation, by being passed through 
 the limb, so as to include the principal artery and 
 a part of the muscles and integuments. 
 
 Also, a steel instrument of various dimensions, 
 round towards one of its extremities, which was 
 straight, and furnished with an aperture ; curved 
 and flat towards the opposite, which was pointed, 
 and had a slight ridge on its concave side. At 
 the commencement of the last century, this 
 instrument was used to pass ligatures around 
 vessels. 
 
 Also, a steel instrument of various dimensions, 
 
 flat, regularly curved in the form of a semicircle, 
 with a sharp or lance point, and a long eye, used 
 with advantage in place of the last. 
 
 Needle, Paupe's, Needle, Deschamp's. 
 Needle, Seton, (F.) Aiguille d Seton. A long, 
 narrow, steel blade; pointed and sharp at one 
 extremity ; pierced at the other by an aperture. 
 The Aiguille d contre-ouverture may be used for 
 the same purpose. 
 
 Needle, Suture, (F.) Aiguille d Suture. For 
 the twisted suture, the hare-lip needle is used ; 
 for the others, the straight or curved needle : the 
 straight needle is preferable for stitching up the 
 abdomen, &c., in dissection. In the suture of 
 the tendons, a curved needle has been used: flat 
 on both sides, and cutting only at the concave 
 edge, in order that the instrument may pass be- 
 tween the tendinous fibres without dividing them. 
 NEEDLE-BEARER, Porte-aiguille. 
 NEEDLE-CARRIER, Porte-aiguille. 
 NEEM BARK, see Melia azedarach. 
 NE^ESING, Sneezing. 
 NEFLE, Mespilus (the fruit). 
 NEFLIER, Mespilus. 
 
 NEFREN'DES, properly, 'sucking pigs.' — 
 Yarro. Nodoi, Eden'tnli [vri, privative, and o^ouf, 
 oiovTos, 'a tooth.') Persons devoid of teeth. 
 Young children, for instance, who have not cut 
 them; or aged persons, who have lost them. 
 This state is called Ncfrendis, Nodo'aia, Odon'tia 
 eden'tula. 
 
 NEGOTIEM PARTURITIONIS, Parturition. 
 NEGRE BLANC, Albino. 
 NEGRETIA PRURIENS, Dolichos pruriens. 
 NEGRO, Ni'grita, (F.) Negre. One of the 
 Ethiopian race. See Homo and Mulatto. 
 NEGROMANTIA, Necromancy. 
 NEI^RA, Abdomen. 
 NEIGE, Snow. 
 NEIR, Kidney. 
 NEIRA, Abdomen. 
 NEIS, Nasus. 
 
 NELUM'BIUM LU'TEUM, Yelloxo ne'hmlo, 
 Yellow tcater lily, Pond lily, Water shield, Water 
 nuts, Water chin'capin. Battle nut. Sacred hean. 
 A beautiful water plant, common in the United 
 States, and belonging to Nat. Ord. Nymphaceas ; 
 Sex. Syst. Polyandria Polygynia. The leaves 
 are cooling and emollient when applied to the 
 surface. The roots, leaves, and nuts are eaten. 
 The last are called by the Indians and others 
 water chincap)ins. 
 
 NELUMBO, YELLOW, Nelumbium luteum. 
 NENDO, Angelica lucida. 
 NENNDORF, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Nenndorf is a village three and a half German 
 miles from Hanover. Its cold sulphureous spring 
 is much celebrated. 
 
 NENUPHAR, Nymphsea alba — n. Blanc, 
 Nymphaea alba — n. Jamie, Nymphaea lutea — n. 
 Lutea, Nymphasa lutea — n. Odorant, Nymphaea 
 odorata. 
 
 NEOARTHRO'SIS, from wo;, 'new,' and ap- 
 6/30V, 'ajoint.' A new joint; an artificial joint. 
 
 NEOG'ALA, from vms, 'new,' and ya\a, 'milk.' 
 Milk secreted immediately after the colostrum. 
 Also, the colostrum. 
 
 NEOGENES, Nouveau-ni. 
 
 NEOGILUS, Nouveau-ne. 
 
 NEOGNUS, Nouveau-ni. 
 
 NEOGONUS, Nouveau-ne. 
 
 NEO-MEMBRANE, see Membrane, false. 
 
 NEONATES, Nouveau-ne. 
 
 NE'OPLASTY, Neoplas' tice, from vto;, 'new,' 
 
NEOSCYTECHU S 
 
 625 
 
 NEPHROID 
 
 and irXccTffw, -\aTTii), 'I form.' An operative pro- 
 cess for the formation of new parts. It includes 
 autoplasty, cicatrization of wounds, and the for- 
 mation of adhesions. — Burdach. 
 
 NEOSCYTECHUS, see Craquement de Cuvr 
 netif. 
 
 NEOTOCICTERUS, Icterus infantum. 
 
 NEOTTIA, Goodyera pubescens. 
 
 NEP, Nepeta. 
 
 NEPEN'THA DESTILLATO'RIA, Bandu'ra. 
 A Ceylonese plant, the root of which is astringent. 
 
 NEPEN'THES, from vti, negative particle, and 
 7r£i'5of, ' grief.' A remedy much extolled by the 
 ancients against sadness and melancholy. 
 
 The women of Thebes, according to Diodorus 
 Siceliotes, alone possessed the secret of its com- 
 position ; and, according to Homer, Helen intro- 
 duced it from Egypt. Some suppose it to have 
 been opium. 
 
 Nepenthes, Bangue — n. Opiatum, Pilulae opi- 
 ataj. 
 
 NEP'ETA, N. Cata'ria seu vnlga'ris, Cata'ria 
 vulqa'ria, Herba felis, Nep, Catnep, Catmint, (F.) 
 Herbe aux Chats, Cataire, — so called, because 
 cats are fond of it. Oid. Labiatas. The leaves, 
 Cata'ria, (Ph. U. S.), have a smell and taste like 
 those of an admixture of spearmint and penny- 
 royal. It has been recommended in uterine dis- 
 orders, dyspepsia, flatulency, &c., like penny- 
 royal; and is much used in domestic medicine, 
 on the American continent, in flatulencies, <tc., 
 of children. 
 
 Nepeta Agrestis, Melissa nepeta — n. Gle- 
 choma, Glechoma hederacea — n. Vulgaris, Ne- 
 peta. 
 
 NEPHALIOTES, Temperance. 
 
 NEPHELE, Enseorema, Nebula. 
 
 NEPHELION, Nebula. 
 
 NEPH'ELOID, NepJieloVdes, NepTielo'des, 
 Neb'idous, Nubilo'sus. From ve<l>t\>], 'a cloud,' 
 and ciSog, 'resemblance.' An epithet applied to 
 urine when it is cloudy — Uri'na nep)helo' dee. 
 
 NEPHOS, Nebula. 
 
 NEPHR^MORRHAGIA, see Hjematuria. 
 
 NEPHRAL'GIA, BoTor Nepliret'icus, NenraV- 
 gia Renum, (F.) Nevralgie des Reins, Dyanepihro- 
 vervie, from vtrppog, 'a kidney,' and aXyos, 'pain.' 
 Pain and neuralgia in the kidney. 
 
 Nephralgia Aeenosa, see Gravel — n. Calcu- 
 losa, see Gravel — n. Rheumatica, Lumbago. 
 
 NEPHRANURIA, Ichuria renalis. 
 
 NEPHRAPOS'TASIS, Nej^hropyo'sis, Absoes'- 
 sus rena'lis, from ve(j>pos, 'kidney,' and arroaTacris, 
 'abscess.' Renal abscess. 
 
 NEPHRATON'IA, from ve4:po;, 'kidney,' and 
 aTovta, ' want of tone.' Renum aton'ia seu pa- 
 ral'ysis. Atony of the kidney. 
 
 NEPHRAUX'E, from i'£0po?, ' a kidney,' and 
 av^iii, ' to increase.' Enlargement of the kidney. 
 
 NEPHRELCO'SIS, Nephropyo'sis, Helco'sis 
 rena'lis, from vt(ppo;, 'kidney,' and 'cXkiiici;, 'ul- 
 ceration.' Ulceration of the kidney. 
 
 NEPHRELMIN'TIC, Nephrelmin'ticue, from 
 vsippog, 'a kidney,' and 'tXpivi, 'cXjiivOog, 'a worm.' 
 That which is owing to the presence of worms in 
 the kidney. 
 
 NEPHREMPHRAX'IS, from v!.4,pog, 'a kid- 
 ney,' and tpcppaaaui, ' I obstruct.' A name given 
 by Ploucquet to obstruction of the kidneys. 
 
 NEPHRET'IC, NepTirid'ius, Nep)lrit'ic, Ne- 
 pJii-it'icus, from ve(Ppos, 'a kidney.' That which 
 relates to the kidney. Applied, especially, to 
 pain, /fee, seated in the kidney. 
 
 NEPHRET'ICUM, in 3Iateria Iledica, means 
 40 
 
 a medicine employed for the cure of diseases of 
 the kidney. 
 
 Nephreticum Lignum, Guilandina moringa. 
 
 NEPHRET'ICUS LAPIS, Talcum nephrit'- 
 icum, (F.) Pierre nephretique, Jade nephrite ou 
 oriental. A green, fatty kind of stone, — once 
 used as an amulet against epilepsy,— an absurd 
 name, as there can be no such remedy. 
 
 NEPHRIA, Kidney, Bright's disease of the. 
 
 NEPHRID'ION, Fingue'do rena'lis. From 
 vtfpos, 'the kidney.' The fat which surrounds 
 the kidneys. — Hippocrates. 
 
 NEPHRIDIUM, Capsule, renal. 
 
 NEPHRIDIUS, Nephretic. 
 
 NEPHRINE, Oxyd, cystic. Urea. 
 
 Ni;PHRITE,'Nephnt\s—n. Albumineuse, Kid- 
 ney, Bright's disease of the. 
 
 NEPHRITES, Asphaltites. 
 
 NEPHRITIC, Nephretic. 
 
 _ NEPHRITICUM LIGNUM, Guilandina mo- 
 ringa. 
 
 NEPHRITIS, Asphaltites. 
 
 Nephri'tis, Empres'ma Nepjhritis, from vtippog, 
 'kidney,' and iris, 'denoting inflammation ;' Re. 
 num. iiiflamma'tio, Nephro-phleg'mone, — Inflam- 
 mation of the Kidney, (F.) Nephrite, Inflammation 
 des Reins, is characterized by acute pain ; burn- 
 ing heat, and a sensation of weight in the region 
 of one or both kidnej's ; suppression or diminu- 
 tion of urine ; fever; dysuria ; ischuria; consti- 
 pation, more or less obstinate; retraction of the 
 testicle, and numbness of the thigh of the same 
 side. It may be distinguished into simple and 
 calculous nephritis — Lithonephritis. In the lat- 
 ter, the urine often contains small particles of 
 uric acid or of urate of ammonia. The most com- 
 mon causes of nephritis are, — excess in irritating 
 and alcoholic drinks; abuse of diuretics; blows 
 or falls on the region of the kidneys ; the presence 
 of renal calculi, &c. It may be distinguished 
 from lumbago by the pain which attends the lat- 
 ter on the slightest motion, &c. It usually ter- 
 minates by resolution in from one week to two 
 or three. It may, however, end in suppuration 
 — pyonephrite ; or may become chronic — chrono- 
 iiepihrite, ( Piorry. ) In the treatment, anti- 
 phlogistics, as bleeding, baths, Ac, are required 
 to the full extent; with the use of dUuents, 
 opiates, &c. 
 
 Nephritis Albdminensis, Kidney, Bright's dis- 
 ease of the — n. Albuminosa, Kidney, Bright's 
 disease of the — n. Associated, Kidney, Bright's 
 disease of the — n. Cachectic, Kidney, Bright's dis- 
 ease of the — n. Calculous, see Nephritis — n. 
 Sociata, Kidney, Bright's disease of the. 
 
 NEPHROCHALAZOSIS, Kidney, Bright's 
 disease of the. 
 
 NEPHROCOCCOSIS, Kidney, Bright's dis- 
 ease of the. 
 
 NEPHROCYSTO'SIS, from I't^poj-, ' a kidney,' 
 and Kuarig, 'a cyst or bladder.' A morbid con- 
 dition, which consists in the formation of cysts 
 in the bladder. 
 
 NEPHROCOLICA, Colica nephretica. 
 
 NEPHRODES, Nephroid. 
 
 NEPHRODIUM FILIX MAS, Pelypodium 
 filix mas. 
 
 NEPHROG'RAPHY, from vt<j>poi, 'a kidney,' 
 and ypa(Pn, 'a description.' An anatomical de- 
 scription of the kidney. 
 
 NEPHROH^'MIA, from v£0pof, ' kidney,' and 
 'aipa, ' blood.' Hypersemia or congestion of the 
 kidney. 
 
 NEPH'ROID, NephroVdes, Nephro'des, Reni- 
 form' is, from vecppo;, 'kidney,' and eiios, 'form, 
 
NEPHROLITHIASIS 
 
 626 
 
 NERONIANA 
 
 resemblance.' Reniform. Having a resemblance 
 to a kidney — as 'nephroid cancer,' so called be- 
 cause the morbid growth resembles the kidney in 
 structure. 
 
 NEPHROLITHI'ASIS, from vt^ppog, 'a kid- 
 ney,' and \iQoi, ' a stone.' The disease of calculus 
 in the kidney; Lith'iarena'lis, Lithi'asis nephrit'- 
 ica, L. Bena'lis. See Gravel. 
 
 NEPHROLITH'IC, same etymon. Belonging 
 to calculi in the kidneys. This epithet has been 
 applied to ischuria, occasioned by calculi formed 
 in the kidneys. 
 
 NEPHRO-LITHOTOMY, Xephrotomy. 
 NEPHROL'OGT, Nephrolog"ia, from vE^lflos, 
 'kidney,' and Xoyoi, 'a. treatise.' A treatise on 
 the kidneys. Dissertation on the kidneys and 
 their functions. 
 
 NEPHROMALA'CIA, from v£(^pof, 'kidney,' 
 and jiaKaKia, 'softness.' Softening of the kid- 
 ney. 
 
 XEPHR0METRJ5, Psojb. 
 
 NEPHPi.ON'CUS, Tumor rena'lis, from vt<j>pos, 
 'kidney,' and oyKOi, 'a tumour.' A tumeftiction 
 of the kidney. 
 
 NEPHROPHLEGMAT'IC, iVe/;7iro-pA%mai'- 
 icus, from yappos, 'kidney,' and <pSeyixa, <l>\eynaToi, 
 'phlegm.' A name given, by some authors, to 
 ischuria produced by mucus contained in the 
 urine. 
 
 NEPHROPHLEGMOXE, Nephritis. 
 NEPHROPHTHI'SIS, from vcc^po;, 'kidney,' 
 and(^9i(7is, 'consumption.' Phthisis from suppu- 
 ration of the kidney. 
 
 NEPHROPLETHOR'IC, NepTiro-plethor'icns, 
 from vecppo;, 'a kidney,' and -nXv^oioa, 'plethora.' 
 Belonging to plethora of the kidneys. An epi- 
 thet given to ischuria dependent upon this cause. 
 NEPHROPY'IC, Nephro-py'icus, from ve(ppos, 
 'a kidney,' and rvov, 'pus.' Belonging to sup- 
 puration of the kidney. 
 
 NEPHROPTOSIS, Nephrapostasis, Nephrel- 
 cosis. 
 
 NEPHRORRHAQ"IA, HcBmatu'ria rena'Us, 
 Hamorrhag" ia renum, from vicpgoi, 'kidney,' and 
 payn, 'rupture;' Projiu'vium san'guinig e re'nibus. 
 Hemorrhage from the kidney. 
 NEPHROS, Kidney. 
 
 NEPHROSCLE'RIA, from rf^po?, 'kidney,' 
 and nKXripia, 'hardness;' ludnra'tio renvm. In- 
 duration of the kidneys. 
 
 NEPHROSPAS'TIC, Nephrospao'ticM, from 
 vEiJipo;, 'a kidney,' and a-au}, 'I draw.' That 
 which depends upon spasm of the kidney. An 
 epithet given to a variety of ischuria. 
 
 NEPHROTHROM'BOID, Ncphro-tJtromloi'- 
 des, from vtippoi, 'a kidney,' and ^poiilio^, 'a clot.' 
 That which depends upon clot-s of blood, con- 
 tained in the kidneys or their ducts. An epithet 
 for a species of ischuria. 
 
 NEPHROT'OMY, Nephro-Utlot'omy, Nephro- 
 tom'ia. Nephro-lithotom' ia, Sectio renci'lU, S. re- 
 yiis, from vt(ppo;, 'a kidney,' and Tejjivetv, 'to cut.' 
 Dissection of the kidney. Also, an operation pro- 
 posed with the view of extracting calculi formed 
 in the kidney, by means of an incision into the 
 tissue of that organ. 
 
 NEPHRUS, Kidney. 
 
 NEPIOS, Infans. 
 
 NEPIOTES, Infancy. 
 
 NEPTA, Asphaltum. 
 
 NERA, Toddy. 
 
 NERANTIA, see Citrus aurantium. 
 
 NERE, Kidney. 
 
 NERF, Nerve — n. Circonflexe, Axillary nerve 
 — n. Dentaire, Dental nerve — n. Fessier, Gluteal 
 nerve — n. Glosao-pJiari/iiyien, Pharyngo-glossal 
 nerve — n. Gustaiif, see Lingual nerve — n. Giis- 
 tatif innomine, Trigemini — n. Guttural, Palatine 
 (middle) nerve — n. Gutturo-palatin, Palatine 
 nerve — n. Honteux, Pudic nerve — n. Irien, Ciliary 
 nerve — n. Ischio-clttorien, Pudic nerve — ?i. Ischio- 
 penien, Pudic nerve — 71. Labyrinthiqne, AnAitoiy 
 nerve — n. Ilentonnier, Mental nerve — n. Moteur 
 oculaire externe, Motor oculi esternus — n. Oculo- 
 mnsculaire externe, Motor oculi esternus — n. 
 Oculo-musculaire interne, Patheticus nervus — 
 11. Pathetique, Patheticus nervus — n. Peronilre 
 branche, Popliteal nerve, external — n. Pharyngo- 
 gloasien, Pharj'ngo-glossal nerve — ». Pneumogas- 
 trique, Pneumogastric nerve — n. Premiere pmire 
 trachelienne, Occipital nerve — n. Pretibio-digifal, 
 Musculo-cutaneous nerve, see Popliteal nerve — n. 
 Pretibio-Kusphalangetnire, see Popliteal nerve — 
 n. Pretibio susplantaire. Tibial nerve, anterior — 
 n. Radio-digital, Piadial nerve — n. Sciatique 
 grand, Sciatic nerve, great — n. Sciatique petit, 
 Sciatic nerve, lesser — n. Sciatique poplite externe, 
 Musculo-cutaneous nerve — n. Soun-occipiital, Oc- 
 cipital nerve — n, Soua-pubio-femoral, Obturator 
 nerve — n. Sjyino-cranio-trapezieyi, Spinal nerve — 
 n. Su»maxillaire, Maxillary superior nerve — n. 
 Sunpubien, Supra-pubian nerve — n. Sywpathi- 
 que, Trisplanchnic nerve — n. grand Sympathique, 
 Trisplanohnic nerve — n. Tibiale branche, Poyili- 
 teal internal — n. Tracheal, Laryngeal inferior 
 nerve — n. Trachelo-dorsal, Spinal nerve — n. Tri- 
 jumeau, Trigemini — n. a, Trois cordea, Trigemini 
 — n. Tympanique, Chorda tympani — n. Vague, 
 Pneumogastric nerve — n. Vertebro-digital, Mus- 
 culo-cutaneous nerve. 
 
 NERFS BRONCHIQUES, Bronchial nerves 
 — n. Ciliairea, Ciliary nerves — n. Craniens, Cere- 
 bral nerves — n. Jloteurs oculaires communs, Mo- 
 tores oculorum — n. Rachidiens, Vertebral nerves 
 — n. Sacres, Sacral nerves — n. Sous-costalea, In- 
 tercostal nerves. 
 
 NERIOX, Nerium oleander. 
 
 NERIS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Neris is 
 on the high road from Moulins to Limoges, eighty 
 leagues from Paris. There are four springs, the 
 water of which is clear, inodorous, tasteless, and 
 ha-s an unctuous feel. It contains carbonic acid 
 gas, carbonate of soda, and sulphate of soda, 
 chloride of sodium, silex, and an animal matter to 
 which its 'oleaginous' property is probably owing. 
 The waters are generally used in the form of 
 thermal baths. 
 
 NE'RIUM, from vnpos, 'humid,' because grow- 
 ing in moist places. N. oleander. 
 
 Ne'rtum Antidysenter'icum, Wright'ia anti- 
 dyaenter'ica. The tree which affords the Codaga'- 
 pala Bark, CoJies'si cortex, Tillicher'ry cortex. 
 Cortex projiu'vii. Family, Aipocyness. Sex. Syxt. 
 PentandriaMonogynia. CF.)Codagapale. Cropale. 
 The bark of this Malabar tree is of a black colour, 
 externally, and is generally covered with a white 
 moss or scurf. It has an austere, bitter taste, and 
 has been recommended as an astringent in diar- 
 rhcea, dysentery, &c. 
 
 Ne'riusj Oleas'der, Ne'rium, Rhododaph'nis, 
 Rosa'go, (F.) Laurier rose, Laiirose, Nerion, 
 Rosage, Rhododaphne. The leaves are reputed 
 to be narcotic. The infusion is employed inter- 
 nally, in herpetic affections, and the powder, in- 
 corporated with lard, is used in the itch. 
 
 NERONIA'NA seu NERO'NICA (PHLEBO- 
 TOM'IA.) An epithet given, for some cause, to 
 phlebotomy, when more than one vein was opened 
 
NERPR Uy PURGA TIF 
 
 627 
 
 NER\iiw 
 
 on the same day, or to bleeding coup sur coup. 
 Termed Neroniana, because the philosopher 
 Seneca was bled to death under Xero [?]. 
 
 NERPRUN PURGATIF, Rhamnus. 
 
 NERVE, A^ervus, Nearon, vtvpov, ' a string. 
 (F.) Nerf. Neuron and Nervus meant also, with 
 the ancients, a tendon and a ligament, Partes 
 veri-o'scB ; and hence the diflFerent acceptations of 
 'nervous;' — 'a man of nerve — a strong, nervous 
 man; and a weak, nercoKs woman.' The nerves 
 are tubular cords of the same substance as that 
 which composes the encephalon and spinal mar- 
 row. They extend from one or other of the ner- 
 vous centres to every part of the body, commu- 
 nicating, frequently, with each other; forming 
 2ilexuses, and, occasionally, jran^^tods/ and being, 
 at length, lost in the parenchyma of organs. 
 There are 42 pairs, and, according to their origin, 
 they are termed Cranial or Encephalic, and Spi- 
 inil. Each nerve is composed of several filaments 
 or cords placed alongside each other, and is sur- 
 rounded by a neurilemma. The encephalic 
 nerves, in general, have only one root in the 
 brain, whilst the spinal arise from the marrow by 
 two roots : the one from an anterior fasciculus of 
 filaments, the other from a posterior, separated 
 from each other by the Ligamentum denticulatum ; 
 uniting outside this ligament, and presenting, near 
 the intervertebral foramen, a ganglion formed 
 only by the posterior root. The two roots make, 
 
 afterwards, but one nerve ; and, like the encepha- 
 lic nerves, proceed to their destination, subdi- 
 viding into rami and ramusculi, until they are 
 finally lost in the texture of the organs. The 
 trunks first formed are commonly round, and 
 proceed alone, or accompany the great vessels, 
 being placed in the areolar spaces which separate 
 the organs, and are thus protected from injury. 
 Theirmannerof termination we are not acquainted 
 with ,• whether the nervous pulp, for instance, as 
 is more probably the fact, be distributed or lost 
 in a membrane, as seems to be the case with the 
 nerves of sight, hearing, and smell, — or are 
 looped. Certain it is, that there is considerable 
 difference in the organs, as respects the quantity 
 of nerves that terminate in them ; and the par- 
 ticular arrangement of the nervous extremities. 
 Some organs have numerous nerves ; others seem 
 to have none : a circumstance which influences 
 considerably the sensibility of parts. 
 
 The Encejjhalic Nerves arise from the ence- 
 phalon, or are inserted into it; (according as we 
 consider the brain the origin or termination of the 
 nerves ;) and make their exit by foramina at the 
 base of the skull. They are 12 in number. The 
 spinal nerves are 31 in number, 8 cervical, 12 
 dorsal, 5 himhar, and 6 sacral : the four inferior 
 cervical being much larger than the superior, 
 because they furnish the nerves of the upper ex- 
 tremities. 
 
 SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF THE NERVES. 
 
 I. Cranial or Encephalic Nerves, 
 
 Olfactory . . . 
 (1st pair.) 
 
 Optic 
 
 (-2d pair.) 
 
 Divided into internal, exter- 
 nal, and middle branches. 
 which are distributed on the 
 Schneideriau membrane. 
 
 Terminate in the retina. 
 
 Mot ores Pculorum. 
 (3d pair.) 
 
 ( Superior Branch. To the rectus 
 superior oculi and levator 
 palpebrffi superioris. 
 
 Inferior Branch. TothereC'is 
 internus. rectus inferior and 
 lesser oblique muscles; a 
 j filament which goes to the 
 t. ophthalmic ganglion. 
 
 4. Pathetici j To the greater oblique muscle 
 
 (4th pair.) ( of the eye. 
 
 ' Ophthalmic Branch. Divided 
 into three branches. 1. The 
 lachrymal branch, to the la- 
 chrymal gland and upper 
 eye-lid. 2. Frontal branch, 
 to the forehead and upper 
 eyelid. 3. J^Tasal branch, to 
 the eyelids, nasal fossse, and 
 nose. 
 
 Superior Maxillary Branch. 
 1. The orbilar branch, to the 
 orbit. 2. The po.Uerior and 
 superior dental, to the last 
 three molar teeth and gums. 
 3. The anterior dental, to 
 the incisor, canine, and two 
 lesser moJares. 4. Infra- 
 orbitar, to the upper lip, 
 cheek, and nose. 
 
 Inferior Maxillary Branoh. 1. 
 Temporal profound branches, 
 to the temporal muscle. 2. 
 Masseterine branch, to the 
 masseter muscle. 3. Buccal. 
 to the inner surface of the 
 cheek. 4. Pteryrroid, to the 
 internal pterygoid muscle. 
 
 5. Lingual, to the mucous 
 membrane of the tongue. 
 
 6. Inferior dental, to the 
 teeth of the lower jaw, and 
 to the lower lip. 7. Jiuri- 
 cular branch, to the pavilion 
 of the ear and forehead. 
 
 5. Imr Trigeminum. 
 <.5th pair.) 
 
 6. Abducentes . 
 (6th pair.) 
 
 7. Facial 
 
 [Portio dura of the 
 7th pair.) 
 
 8. Auditory ( 
 
 (Portio mollis of the< 
 
 7th pair.) | 
 
 9. Otosso-pharrjngeal. < 
 (Portion of the 8th< 
 
 pair.) ( 
 
 10. Par Vagum. 
 (6th pair.) 
 
 11. Spinal or Acces- 
 sory o/ Willis ■* 
 
 12. Hypoglossal. 
 (9th pair.) 
 
 I To the rectus exteriius oculi. 
 
 n. At its exit from the cra- 
 nium, the posterior auricu- 
 lar, stylohyoid, and infra- 
 mastoid, to the pavilion of 
 the ear, the mastoid process, 
 the riigasi ricus, and the mus- 
 cles attached to the styloid 
 process. 
 2. Near the parotid gland, the 
 temporal, milar, buccal, su- 
 pra-maxillary, and infra- 
 maxillary to the whole su- 
 perficies of the face. 
 
 To the vestibule, semi circular 
 canals, and cochlea. 
 
 To the base of the tongue and 
 pharynx. 
 
 1. IJV THE JJ-ECK, — a. pha- 
 ryngeal branch to the pha- 
 rynx; superior larT/ngeal 
 branch to the larynx, and to 
 some muscles of the infe- 
 rior hyoid region. Cardiac 
 branches to the cardiac 
 plexus. 
 
 2. I^r THE CHEST,— ihe in- 
 ferior 'dryngeal branch to the 
 
 larynx ^ulmonaryhrSLnchee, 
 which fbiin the plexus of 
 the same name: (esophageal 
 branches to the cesophasus. 
 
 3. IJV THE ABDOMEJV-.— 
 gastric branches to the pa- 
 rietes of the stomach: fila- 
 ments which go to the neigh- 
 bouring plexuses. 
 
 At its exit from the cranium — 
 the accessory of the pneumo- 
 gastric nerve anastomosing 
 with this nerve. In the 
 neck— filaments to the tra- 
 pezius muscle. 
 
 Cervicalis descendens, to the 
 muscles of the inferior hyoid 
 region, and to the cervical 
 nerves. Filaments to the 
 muscles of the tongue. 
 
NERVES 
 
 628 
 
 NERVES 
 
 II. Spinal or Vertebral Nerves. 
 
 1. Cervical Nerves. 
 
 \st Cervical Pair.. 
 
 Cervical Plexus . 
 
 5lh, 6th, and Ith Cer- 
 vical Pairs 
 
 (Anta-ior Branch. Anastomo- 
 < sing par arcade witli the 
 
 (_ second pair. 
 
 f Anterior Branch, A branch 
 Orl Cprmral Pair J anastomosing with the first 
 
 za Lervficat l-air. ^ ^^^^. ,^ branch which goes 
 
 1_ to the cervical plexus 
 Zd and Wi Cervical ( Anterior Branch. Concurring 
 
 Pairs ( in the cervical plexus. 
 
 The Posterior Branch of these four pairs ramifies on 
 the occiput and muscles of the superficial and deep- 
 seated cervico-occipital regions. 
 
 ■Descending Bran-ohes. — 1. In- 
 ternal descending, anasto- 
 mosing with a branch of 
 the hypoglossus. 2. Plirenic 
 branch, to the diaphragm. 
 
 3. External descending bran- 
 ches, dividing into supra- 
 clavicular, supra-acromial, 
 iufra-clavicular, and cervi- 
 cales profundi, to the mus- 
 cles and integuments of the 
 upper part of the chest and 
 shoulder, to the trapezius, 
 levator scapulae, rhomboid- 
 eus, &c. 
 
 AscENDiKG BeAjS'Ches. — 1. Mas- 
 toid, to the posterior and 
 lateral part of the head and 
 the inner surface of the pa- 
 vilion of the ear. 2. Aimcu- 
 lar, to the parotid gland and 
 pavilion of the ear. 
 
 Superficial Cervical Branches. 
 (2.) To the platysma myoi- 
 des, digastricua, the integu- 
 ments of the neck, &c. 
 
 Anterior Branches. Assisting 
 in the formation of the bra- 
 chial plexus. 
 
 Posterior Branches. To the 
 muscles and integuments 
 of the posterior part of the 
 neck and upper part of the 
 back. 
 Thoracic Branches, (2.) to 
 the anterior and lateral 
 parts of the chest. 2. Supra- 
 scapulary branch to the mus- 
 cles of the posterior scapular 
 region. 3. Infra-scapulary 
 branches (3.) to the subsca- 
 pularis, teres major, teres 
 minor, and latissimus dorsi. 
 
 4. The brachial interna cu- 
 taneous, to the integuments 
 of the palmar and dorsal 
 surfaces of the forearm, near 
 the ulnar margin. 5. The 
 brachial external cutaneous, 
 principally to the integu- 
 ments of the palmar and 
 dorsal surfaces of the fore- 
 arm, near the radial margin. 
 
 6. The median nerve, to the 
 forearm, hand, and palmar 
 surface of all the finger.s. 
 
 7. The ciMlal nerve, to the 
 last two fingers. 8. The ra- 
 dial, to the first three. 9. 
 The axillary, around the 
 shoulder-joint, and to the 
 neighbouring muscles. 
 
 2. Dorsal Nerves, {Nervi dorsales.) 
 
 1st Dorsal Pair ^ Anterior Branch. To the bra- 
 
 t chial plexus. 
 2d and Sd Dorsal ( Anterior Branches. An Inter- 
 Pairs I costal and brachial branch. 
 
 (Anterior Branches. Internal 
 branches, to the intercostals, 
 triangularis sterm pecto- 
 ralis major, and to the skin. 
 External branches to the 
 
 fl. 
 
 Brachial Plexus.. 
 
 ith, 5th, 6th, and 7tt 
 Dorsal Pairs 
 
 Sth, Qth, lOtJi, and 
 11th Dorsal Pairs... 
 
 f integuments of the chest, the 
 obliquus externus abdomi- 
 , nis, and the skin of the ab- 
 |_ domen. 
 
 (Anterior Branches. Internal 
 branches, to the transver- 
 salis, obliquus internus, and 
 rectus muscles, and to the 
 skin of the abdomen. Ex- 
 ternal branches, to the in- 
 teguments of the chest, and 
 to the muscles and skin of 
 the abdomen. 
 Anterior Branch. To the first 
 lumbar nerve, and to the 
 muscles and skin of the ab- 
 domen as far as the iliac 
 crest. 
 
 The Posterior Branches of the dorsal nerves are dis- 
 tributed to the muscles and integuments of the 
 back and loins. 
 
 3. Lumbar Nerves. 
 
 12th Dorsal Pair.. 
 
 1st, 2d, 3d, and ithi 
 
 Anterior Branches. Concur- 
 lumba^Pai^l.Zli ^"S to form the lumbar 
 
 Uh Pair.. 
 
 Lumbar Plexus.. 
 
 (_ plexus, 
 
 {Anterior Branch. Aiding in 
 forming the sciatic plexus. 
 The Posterior Branches of the lumbar nerves are dis- 
 tributed to the loins, sacrum, and nates. 
 
 1. Musculo-cutaneous Branches, 
 to the number of three. One 
 superior, to the muscles of 
 the abdomen, to the fold of 
 the groin, and the scrotum: 
 a middle, to the integuments 
 and muscles of the abdomen : 
 and an inferior, to the skin 
 of the thigh. 2. A genito- 
 crural branch to the integu- 
 ments of the scrotum, the 
 groin, and the thigh. 3. The 
 crural nerve, to the integu- 
 ments and muscles of the 
 thigh, skin of the leg, and 
 foot. 4. The obturator nerve, 
 to the muscles at the inner 
 part of the thigh. 5. The 
 lumbosacral, to the sciatic 
 plexus. It gives off the glu- 
 teal nerve to the glutsei 
 muscles. 
 
 4. Sacral Nerves. 
 
 1st, 2d, 3d, and 4^;^ j'^'*«f»; ?'-««c7i.^. They form 
 
 kacral Pah-s | X^^ "'''°'' " '"'''''" 
 
 (Anterior Branches. To the 
 
 5f7i and 6^7t Pairs < parts in the vicinity of the 
 
 (_ coccyx. 
 
 The Posterior Branches ramify on the muscles and 
 integuments of the nates. 
 
 '1. Hemorrhoidal nerves, to the 
 rectum. 2. Vesical, to the 
 bladder. 3. Uterine and va- 
 ginal, to the vagina and 
 uterus. 4. Inferior gluteal^ 
 to the gluteal muscles, peri- 
 nfeum, and integuments of 
 the posterior part of the 
 thigh, 5. Pudic, to the pe- 
 rinseum, penis, or vulva. 6. 
 Sciatic, divided into the ex- 
 ternal popliteal, which rami- 
 fies on the integuments and 
 mu,'!cles of the externid side 
 of the leg, on the dorsum of 
 the foot, and the dorsal sur- 
 face of the toes; and into 
 the internal popliteal, distri- 
 buted on the dorsal surface 
 of the two last toes, to the 
 muscles of the foot, and on 
 the plantar surface of all 
 the toes. 
 
 Sciatic Plexus.. 
 
NERVES 
 
 629 
 
 NERVES 
 
 Classifications of the nerves have been recom- 
 mended according to their uses, in preference to 
 the ordinary anatomical arrangement. It has 
 been remarked that the encephalic nerves have 
 generally one root; the spinal two. Experi- 
 ments and pathological facts have proved, 
 that the anterior column of the marrow and the 
 anterior roots of the spinal nerves are inservient 
 J to volition or voluntary motion : and that the 
 posterior column and roots are destined for 
 sensibility. Hence the spinal nerves, which have 
 two roots, must be the conductors both of motion 
 and feeling; whilst the encephalic, which, with 
 but few exceptions, have but one, can possess but 
 one of these properties : — they must be either sen- 
 sitive or motor, according as they arise from the 
 posterior or anterior column of the medulla: 
 and, consequently, three classes of nerves may be 
 distinguished. 
 
 ("Arising, by a single root, 
 ,1-, J from the posterior column 
 
 " I of the medulla oblongata 
 
 or spinal marrow. 
 'Arising, by a single root, 
 
 2. Motor i from the anterior column 
 
 ( of the same parts. 
 
 Q p J f Which have two roots: one 
 
 0. jSensory and In., , . , 
 
 T,r, •' < from the anterior, and one 
 
 y from the posterior column. 
 
 According to Sir Charles Bell, the medulla ob- 
 longata is composed of three columns on each 
 side ; an anterior, a middle, and a posterior. 
 Whilst the anterior and posterior columns pro- 
 duce the nerves of motion and sensation respec- 
 tively, the middle, according to Sir Charles, 
 gives rise to a third set of nerves — the respira- 
 tory. To this order belong : — 
 
 1. The accessory nerve of Willis, or siqjertor 
 
 respiratory. 
 
 2. The par vagum. 
 
 3. The glosso-pharyngeal. 
 
 4. The facial or respiratory of the face. 
 6. The phrenic. 
 
 6. A nerve which has the same origin as the 
 phrenic ; — the external respiratory. 
 
 When a horse has been hard-ridden, every one 
 of these nerves is in action. 
 
 This division is now, however, generally aban- 
 doned, and there does not seem to be a third 
 column, especially destined for respiration. 
 
 Sir C. Bell, again, reduced the system of 
 nerves to two gfeat classes. 1. Those that are 
 regular, primitive, symmetrical, and common to 
 all animals, from the worm to man ; which have 
 double roots, and preside over sensibility and 
 motion : and, 2. The irregular or superadded, 
 ■which are added to the preceding, in proportion 
 as the organization of animals offers new or more 
 complicated organs. To the first class belong all 
 
 the spinal nerves and at least one encephalic — 
 the 5th pair ; — to the second, the rest of the 
 nervous system. 
 
 Dr. Marshall Hall has proposed a division of 
 the nervous system, which is calculated to ex- 
 plain many of the anomalous circumstances so 
 frequently witnessed. He proposes to divide all 
 the nerves into, 1. The cerebral or the sentient 
 and voluntary. 2. The true spinal or excito-mo- 
 torj'. 3. The ganglionic or cyclo-ganglionic, — 
 the nutrient and secretory. If the sentient and 
 voluntary functions be destroyed by a blow upon 
 the head, the sphincter muscles will still contract 
 when irritated, because the irritation is conveyed 
 to the spine, and the reflex action takes place to 
 the muscle so as to throw it into contraction. But 
 if the spinal marrow be now destroyed, the 
 sphincters remain entirely motionless, because 
 the centre of the system is destroyed. Dr. Hall 
 thinks that a peculiar set of nerves constitutes, with 
 the vesicular centre of the marrow as their axis, 
 the second subdivision of the nervous system ; and 
 as those of the first subdivision are distinguished 
 into sentient and voluntary, these may be distin- 
 guished into the excitor and motory. The first, 
 or the excitor nerves, pursue their course princi- 
 pally from internal surfaces, characterized by pe- 
 culiar excitabilities, to the centre of the medulla 
 oblongata and m. spinalis ; the second, or the motor 
 nerves, pursue a reflex course from the medulla 
 to the muscles, having peculiar actions concerned 
 principally in ingestion and egestion. The mo- 
 tions connected with the first or cerebral subdi- 
 vision are sometimes, indeed frequently, sp)onta- 
 neous ; those connected with the true spinal are, 
 he believes, always excited. Dr. Hall thinks, too, 
 that there is good reason for viewing the fifth, 
 and posterior spinal nerves as constituting an 
 external ganglionic system for the nutrition of 
 the external organs; and he proposes to divide 
 the ganglionic subdivision of the nervous system 
 into, I. The internal ganglionic, which includes 
 that usually denominated the sympathetic, and 
 probably filaments of the pneumogastric ; and, 
 2. The external ganglionic, embracing the fifth 
 and posterior spinal nerves. To the cerebral sys- 
 tem he assigns all diseases of sensation, percep- 
 tion, judgment, and volition — therefore all pain- 
 ful, mental, and comatose, and some paralytic 
 diseases. To the true spinal, excito-motory, 
 reflex, or diastaltic nervous system, belong all 
 spasmodic and certain paralytic diseases. He 
 properly adds, that these two parts of the ner- 
 vous system influence each other both in health 
 and disease, as they both influence the ganglio- 
 nic system. 
 
 The main views of Dr. Hall on the excito^pio- 
 tory function have been generally embraced. 
 
 The following tabular view of the arrangement 
 and connexions of the nerves and nervous centres 
 has been given by Dr. Carpenter. It affords a 
 good general view, although some of the details 
 might admit of modification. 
 
NERVES 
 
 630 
 
 NERVES 
 
 Tabulae View op the Nebtous Centres. 
 
 C Cerebral Ganglia, 
 
 Afferent fibres derived | the seat of the formation of Ideas, and the instrument 
 
 from Sensory Ganglia; ef- J of the Reasoning processes and Will; participating also 1 from Sensory Ganglia; ef- 
 ferent fibres transmitted i with the Sensory Ganglia in the formation of the Emo- f fArPTit. fihr^a trans.nittprl 
 to motor centres. tions; and thus the original source of Voluntary and 
 
 I Emalicmal moyements. J 
 
 Afferent fibres derived 
 
 ferent fibres transmitted 
 to motor centres. 
 
 Afferent fibres derived ") 
 of I 
 
 from posterior column 
 spinal cord; efferent fibres 
 transmitted into posters 
 column. 
 
 res } 
 ior 
 
 f Afferent fibres derived 
 
 Cerebellic Ganglia, | from posterior column of 
 
 for harmonization of muscular actions; including also < spinal cord; efferent fibres 
 
 I transmitted into 
 
 the ganglionic centre of the sexual sense (?). 
 
 ^ column. 
 
 Cranio-Spinal Axis, 
 
 or centre of 
 
 Automatic actions ; 
 
 including — 
 
 f Radiating fibres to Cere- 
 Sensort Ganglia, 1 bral Ganglia; — Nerves of 
 Common and Special Sen- ! the seat of Sensation, and centre of Consensual (or In- 1 Common and Special Sen- 
 sation ; Motor nerves f stinctive) movements, or of Automatic actions involving ] sation ; — Motor nerves 
 
 forming part of general I sensation. i forming part of general 
 
 motor system. J I motor system. 
 
 Radiating fibres to Cere- "l 
 bral Ganglia;— Nerves of 
 
 Afferent 
 
 and motor 
 
 nerves of 
 
 Respiration, 
 
 Deglutition, &c. 
 
 Afferent 
 and motor 
 
 fibres, forming 
 Trunks of 
 
 Spinal Nerves. 
 
 
 
 Respiratory 
 
 and 
 
 Siomato-Gasirio 
 
 Ganglia, 
 forming the true 
 
 centres of the 
 
 Medulla Oblongata; 
 
 instruments of Reflex 
 
 movements or automar 
 
 tic actions independent of 
 
 sensation. 
 
 og.3 I 
 
 o 
 
 M 
 
 &0 
 
 '(R- 
 
 
 Spinai, 
 
 Ganglion, or 
 
 True Spinal Cord, 
 
 consisting of a 
 coalesced series of 
 segmental ganglia, 
 the instru- 
 ments of Reflex 
 operations, or Au- 
 tomatic actions in- 
 dependent of Secsar 
 tion. 
 
 
 
 i3 S oO d 
 
 - ^ Eh 
 S S 
 
 Afferent 
 
 and motor 
 
 nerves of 
 
 Respiration, 
 
 Deglutition, «o 
 
 Afferent 
 and motor 
 
 fibres, forming 
 Trunks of 
 
 Spinal Nervea. 
 
 
 The nerves are sheathed, and are united to the 
 neighbouring parts, by an abundant layer of fatty 
 areolar texture, which sends, inwards, prolonga- 
 tions that separate the nervous cords and fila- 
 ments from each other. The arterial trunks, 
 distributed to them, transmit branches into their 
 interior. The veins follow the same course as 
 the arteries. Absorbents are not easily traced 
 even on the greatest trunks. 
 
 Werve, Accessory, op Willis, Spinal nerve 
 — n. Articular, Axillary nerve — n. Buccinator, 
 Buccal nerve. 
 
 Nerve Cells, see Neurine — n. of Cotunnius, 
 Nasopalatine nerve. 
 
 Nerve, Femoral Cutaneous, see Genito-cru- 
 rai nerve — n. Pemoro-popliteal, lesser, Sciatic 
 nerve, lesser. 
 
 Nerve Fibres, Fila ner'vea, FibrcB ner'vem. 
 In the nerves of the higher animals, two forms of 
 nerve fibre exist — the tubular, and the gelatinous. 
 In the minute fibrils or tubules, Tu'buli ner'vei, 
 full of nervous matter, which constitute the former, 
 there is a difference between the central and pe- 
 ripheral portion : — the former has been called the 
 axis cylinder and primitive band ; the latter, the 
 medidlary or white substance of Schwann, — being 
 that to which the peculiarly white aspect of ce- 
 rebrospinal nerves is principally due. In the 
 gelatinous fibre, no tubular envelope can be dis- 
 tinguished, and the white substance of Schwann 
 seeras to be wanting. It contains numerous cell- 
 nuclei. See Neurine. 
 
 Nerve, Genital, see Genito-crural nerve — n. 
 Genito-crural, see Genito-crural nerve — n. Glu- 
 teal of the Sacral plexus, Sciatic nerve, lesser — 
 n. Gustatory, Hypoglossal nerve — n. Inguinal, 
 internal, Genito-crural nerve — n. of Jacobson, 
 see Petrosal ganglion — n. Lateral nasal, Spheno- 
 palatine nerve — n. Lingual, Hypoglossal nerve — 
 n. Naso-ocularis, Nasal nerve — n. Naso-palpe- 
 bral. Nasal nerve — n. Orbito-frontal, Ophthalmic 
 nerve — n. Ocular, Optic nerve — n. of Organic 
 life, Trisplanchnic nerve — n. Palpebro-frontal, 
 Frontal nerve — n. Popliteal internal, Tibial 
 nerve, posterior. 
 
 Nerve Power, Nervous power. 
 
 Nerve, Respiratory, of the Face, Facial 
 nerve — n. Respiratory, superior. Spinal nerve — n. 
 Scapulo-humeral, Axillary nerve — n. Scrotal, see 
 Genito-crural nerve — n. Spiral, Radial nerve — n. 
 Spiral, muscular, Radial nerve — n. Sub-occipital, 
 Occipital nerve — n. Sub-pubian, Genito-crural 
 nerve — n. Superficial temporal. Auricular nerve — 
 n. Sympathetic, Trisplanchnic nerve — n. Temporal 
 cutaneous. Auricular nerve — n. Ulnar, Cubita 
 nerve — n. Vidian, Pterygoid nerve — n. of AVris- 
 berg, see Cutaneous nerves — n. Zygomato-auri- 
 cular, Auricular nerve. 
 
 NERVES, COSTAL, Intercostal nerves — n. 
 Dorsal, Intercostal nerves — n. Eighth pair of, 
 Pneumogastric — n. Encephalic, first pair, Olfac- 
 tory nerves — n. Encephalic, eleventh pair. Spinal 
 nerves — n. Ethmoidal, Olfactory nerves — n. Fifth 
 pair, Trigemini — n. Fourth pair of, Patheticus ner- 
 
NERVEUX 
 
 631 
 
 NEURALGIA 
 
 VU:-' — n.Tnfra-orbitar.Sub-orbitar nerves — n. Ninth 
 pair of, Hypoglossal nerve — n. Oculo-muscular, 
 common, Motores oeulorum ■ — n. Phrenic, Dia- 
 phragmatic nerves — n. Recurrent, Laryngeal infe- 
 rior nerves— n. Sixth pair of, Motor oculi esternus 
 — n. Spinal, Vertebral nerves — n. Tenth pair of, 
 Pneumogastric—n. Third pair of,Motores oeulorum. 
 
 NERVEUX. Nervous. 
 
 NERVI ACROMIALES, Acromial nerves — 
 n. Anonymi, Innominati nervi — n. Claviculares, 
 Clavicular nerves — n. Cutanei clunium inferiores, 
 see Sciatic nerve, lesser — n. Divisi, Trigemini — 
 n. Entobajnontes, Afferent nerves — n. Gustatorii, 
 Trigemini. 
 
 Nbevi Molles. ' Soft nerves.' The anterior 
 branches of the superior cervical ganglion of the 
 great sympathetic, which accompany the carotid 
 artery and its branches, around which they form 
 intricate plexuses, and, here and there, small 
 ganglia. They are called molles from their soft- 
 ness, and suhru'fi, from their reddish hue. 
 
 Nervi Odoratorii, Olfactory nerves — n. Re- 
 versivi, Laryngeal inferior nerves — n. Subrufi, 
 Nervi molles — n. Vulneratio, Neurotrosis. 
 
 NERVIMO'TION, Nervimo'tio, from nerviis, 
 'nerve,' and motio, 'motion.' A name given, by 
 M. Dutrochet, to the movement which is caused 
 in the organs of the senses by external agents, 
 and transmitted to the muscles by the nerves. 
 
 NERVIMO'TOR, (F.) Nervhnofeur. An epi- 
 thet given, by M. Dutrochet, to external agents, 
 which are capable of causing nervimotion. 
 
 NERVINE, Nervi'niis, Neurot'ic, Neurit'ic, 
 Antineurotic, Antineuropath' ic, (F.) Nevrotiqiie, 
 from nervuB, 'a nerve.' A medicine which acts 
 on the nervous system. 
 
 NERVOUS, Nervo'sus, Neuro'dea, Ner'veus, 
 Neu'ricue, (F.) Nerveux. Same etymon. Re- 
 lating or belonging to the nerves. Strong. Also, 
 weak, irritable. 
 
 Nervous Attack, (F.) Aftaque des nerfs, is an 
 affection accompanied with spasm, pain, and dif- 
 ferent nervous symptoms, to which impressible 
 individuals are liable. 
 
 Nervous Centres, see Centres, nervous. 
 
 Nervous Diath'esis is termed Atax'ia spiri- 
 tuum, Anoma'lia nervo'rum, Status nervo'sus seu 
 erethit'icvs, Diath'esis seu Constitu'tio nervo'sa, 
 Ner'vousness. Medically, nervousness means unu- 
 sual impressibility of the nervous system. For- 
 merly, it signified strength, force, and vigour. 
 Recently, it has been applied to a hypochondri- 
 acal condition verging upon insanity, occasion- 
 ally occurring in those in whom the brain has 
 been unduly tasked; — a condition termed by 
 some eerehrop' athy ; by others, hrain-fag. 
 
 Nervous Diseases, Morhi nervo'si, (F.) 3fa- 
 ladies nerveuses. Affections seated in the ner- 
 vous system. To purely functional disease of 
 the nerves. Dr. Layeock has given the name 
 neura'mia, and to the class of diseases he applies 
 the epithet neurrn'mic. 
 
 Nervous Fluid, Nervous principle, Fhi'idum 
 seu Liq'uidum ner'veum, Siiccus nerveus, Spir'itus 
 vita'lis. The fluid which is supposed to circulate 
 through the nerves, and which has been regarded 
 as the agent of sensation and motion. Of this 
 fluid we know nothing, except that it resembles, 
 in many respects, the electric or galvanic. It 
 was formerly called Animal spirits, Spir'itus ani- 
 ma'les, (F.) Ef^prits animaux. 
 
 Nervous Pain, Neuralgia. 
 
 Nervous Power, Nerve power, Vis nervo'sa 
 seu nervo'rum, Neurodyna'mia, Neiirodt/'namis. 
 The power of the nerves as exhibited in the liv- 
 ing organism. 
 
 Nervous Principle, Nervous fluid. 
 
 Nervous System. The nerves and nervous 
 centres considered collectively. See Nerves. 
 
 Nervous System of the Automatic Func- 
 tions, Trisplanchnic nerve — n. System, gangli- 
 onic, see Trisplanchnic nerve — n. System, or- 
 ganic, see Trisplanchnic nerve — n. System of the 
 senses, Medulla oblongata — n. System of volun- 
 tary motion, &c., Medulla spinalis. 
 
 NERVOUSNESS, Nervous diathesis. 
 
 NERVUS, see Nerve, Penis — n. Acusticus, 
 Auditory nerve — n. Ambulatorius, Pneumogastric 
 nerve — n. Anonymus, Trigemini — n. Auditorrus, 
 Auditory nerve -n. Caroticus, Carotid nerve — n. 
 Cervico-facialis, Cervico-facial nerve — n. Com- 
 municans faciei. Facial nerve — n. Cutaneus inter- 
 nus, see Saphenous nerves — n. Cutaneus internus 
 longus, see Saphenous nerves — n. Decimus, Pneu- 
 mogastric — n. Ganglionicus, Trisplanchnic nerve 
 — n. Genito-cruralis, Genito-crural nerve — n. Hy- 
 poglossus, Hypoglossus. 
 
 Nervus Impar. a prolongation of the neuri- 
 lemma below the lower extremity of the spinal 
 cord, as a fibrous filament, which is inserted into 
 the base of the coccyx. It was formerly regarded 
 as a nerve : — hence its name. 
 
 Nervus Incisivus, Incisive nerve — n. Inno- 
 minatus, Trigemini — n. Ischiadicus, Sciatic nerve 
 — n. Juvenilis, Penis — n. Latus, Achillis tendo — 
 n. Lingualis lateralis, Pharyngo-glossal nerve — 
 n. Lingualis medius. Hypoglossal nerve — n. Lo- 
 quens, Hypoglossus — n. Lumbo-inguinalis, Ge- 
 nito-crural nerve — n. Mixtus, Trigemini — n. 
 Musculi pterygoidei. Pterygoid nerve — n. Naso- 
 ciliaris. Nasal nerve — n. Opticus, Optic nerve — 
 n. Pneumogastricus, Pneumogastric — n. Pudcn. 
 dus externus, see Genito-crural nerve — n. Quin- 
 tus, Trigemini — n. Spermaticus, see Genito-crural 
 nerve — n. Subcutaneus malse, Orbitar nerve — n. 
 Sympatheticus medius, Trigemini, Pneumogastric 
 nerve — n. Sympatheticus magnus, Trisplanchnic 
 nerve — n. Sympatheticus minor, Facial nerve — 
 n. Sympathicus, Trisplanchnic nerve — n. Sympa- 
 thicus medius, Trigemini — n. Temporo-facialis, 
 Temporo-facial nerve — n. Timidus, Motor oculi 
 externus — n. Tremellus, Trigemini — n. Tris- 
 planchnicus, Trisplanchnic nerve — n. Trochlearis, 
 Patheticus nervus — n. Vagus, Pneumogastric 
 nerve — n. Vagus cum aecessorio, Spinal nerve 
 — n. Vaso-motorius, Trisplanchnic nerve. 
 
 NES, Nasus. 
 
 NESPITE, Melissa calamintha. 
 
 NESTIA, Jejunum. 
 
 NESTIATRIA, Limotherapeia. 
 
 NESTIS, Jejunum. 
 
 NESTITHERAPEIA, Limotherapeia. 
 
 NESTOTHERAPEIA, Limotherapeia. 
 
 NESTROOT, Monotropa uniflora. 
 
 NETLEAF, Goodyera pubescens. 
 
 NETTING, Urine. 
 
 NETTLE, ARCHANGEL, WHITE, Lamium 
 album • — n. Day, Lamium album — n. Dead, La- 
 mium album, L. amplexicaule — n. Dwarf, Urtica 
 urens — n. Hedge, Galeopsis — n. Horse, Solanum 
 Carolinense — n. Pill-bearing, Urticaria pilulifera. 
 
 Nettle Rash, Urticaria — n. Springe, Urticaria. 
 
 Nettle, Stinging, Common, Urtica, 
 
 Nettle Tree, Celtis occidentalis. 
 
 NETWORT. Goodyera pubescens. 
 
 NEURADYNAMIA, Neurasthenia. 
 
 NEURjEMIA, see Nervous diseases. 
 
 NEUR^MIC, see Nervous diseases. 
 
 NEURAL; from vcvpov, 'a nerve.' Relating 
 to a nerve or to the nervous system. 
 
 Neural Arch. The arch formed by the pos- 
 terior projections connected with the body of the 
 vertebra, which protect the medulla. 
 
 Neural Axis, see Encephalon — n. Spines, 
 Spinous processes. 
 
 NEURAL'GIA, from v^vpov, 'a nerve,' and 
 aXyof, ' pain.' RJieumatis'mus spii'rius nervo'itus, 
 Neurodyn'ia, (F.) Nevralgie, Nevrodynie, Ner- 
 
NEURALGIA 
 
 632 
 
 NEUUILEMMITIS 
 
 vous pain. A generic name for a certain numter 
 of diseases, the chief symptom of which is a very 
 acute pain, exacerbating or intermitting, -which 
 follows the course of a nervous branch, extends 
 to its ramifications, and seems, therefore, to be 
 seated in the nerve. The principal neuralgias 
 have been distinguished by the numes facial (of 
 which the infra-orhitar, maxillury , and frontal 
 are but divisions) — the ilio-scrotal, femoro-jiopli- 
 teal, fenioro-pretibial, plantar, and cubito-digital. 
 A division of anomalous neuralgiee has likewise 
 been admitted. 
 
 All varieties of neuralgia are obstinate, and the 
 greatest diversity of means has been made use 
 of: — bleeding, general and local, — emetics, pur- 
 gatives, rubefacients, vesicants, actual cautery, 
 parcoties, mercurial frictions, electricity ; de- 
 struction of a portion of the nerve, &c. The 
 most successful remedy, perhaps, is the carbo- 
 nate of iron, given in doses of some magnitude; 
 as, for instance, Jss or Qij, twice or thrice a day, 
 in molasses. This plan of treatment, continued 
 for a month or two, will often relieve, and 
 ultimately remove this much dreaded affection. 
 The mode in which it acts is by no means clear; 
 but it is almost as certain as any other remedy 
 nsed in disease in producing its salutary effects. 
 The bowels must be kept free ; and all inflam- 
 matory symptoms removed during its adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Neural'gia, Anom'alous. Under this name 
 Chaussier has included different neuroses, some 
 of which are characterized by acute pains circum- 
 scribed within a short compass, or extending by 
 irradiations, but not having their seat in the 
 course of a nerve; and others which are occa- 
 sioned by tumours in the course of a nerve, or 
 which succeed contusions or incomplete divisions 
 of nerves. 
 
 Neuralgia Brachialis, Brachialgia — n. Bra- 
 chio-thoracica, Angina pectoris — n. Cerebralis, 
 Hemicrania — n. Coeliaca, Neuralgia of the solar 
 plexus (Romberg) — n. Cruralis, N. femoro-ti- 
 bialis. 
 
 Neuralgia Cu'bito-Digitalis, Is'chias ner- 
 vo'sa digita'lis. In this variety the pain extends 
 from the part where the nerve passes under the 
 inner condyle to the back of the hand and to its 
 cubital edge. 
 
 Neuralgia Dextalis, Odontalgia nervosa. 
 Neuralgia, Fa'cial, Neuralgia fa'ciei, Tris- 
 mus maxilla'ris seu Dolorif'icus seu Clon'icvs, 
 Opsial'gia, Dolor cru'cians faciei seu faciei pe- 
 riod'icua, Hemicra'nia idiopath'ica, Autal'gia 
 doloro'sa. Tic douloureux, Dolor faciei sen faciei 
 typ'ico characte're seu faciei Fotheryill'i, Rheu- 
 matis'mus caiicro'sus. Rhematis'mus larva'tim, Pro- 
 sojjal'gra, Prosopodyn' ia , Fehris top'ica, Opkthal- 
 modyn'ia period'ica, Tortu'ra Oris, Affectus spas- 
 inodico-cnnvidsi'vus Lahio'rum, Face ag)ie,\s cha- 
 racterized by acute lancinating pains, returning 
 at intervals; and by twinges in certain parts of 
 the face, producing convulsive twitches in the 
 corresponding muscles. It may be seated in the 
 frontal nerve, in the infra-orbitar, or in the max- 
 illary branch of the fifth pair. 
 
 Metopodyn'ia, Brow-ague, Neural'gia fronta'- 
 lis, Ophthalmodyn'ia, Tic douloureux. Dolor pe- 
 riod'icus, &c., commences at the superciliary fora- 
 men and extends along the ramifications of the 
 frontal nerve that are distributed on the forehead, 
 upper eyelid, caruncula lacrymalis, and nasal 
 angle of the eyelids. Sometimes it is felt parti- 
 cularly in the orbit. 
 
 Neuralgia infra-orhita'ria. Dolor faciei atrox, 
 Rheumatis'mus cancro'sus. Trismus don' i ens, Pro- 
 sopal'gia, Fehris top'ica, Odontal'gia remit'tens 
 et intermit' tens, Hemicra'nia scBva, Infra-orhitar 
 ■neuralgia, Tic douloureux, is chiefly felt in the 
 
 infra-orbitar foramen, whence it passes to the 
 cheek, upper lip, ala nasi, lower eyelid, &c. 
 
 In Neuralgia maxilla'ris, Gnathal'gia, GnatTio- 
 neural'gia, Tic douloureux. Trismus catarrTia'lia 
 maxillaris, the pain usually sets out from the 
 mental foramen and passes to the chin, lips, tem- 
 ple, teeth, and tongue. 
 
 Neuralgia, False. A term assigned to pains 
 along a nerve or its ramifications, produced by 
 some body compressing it, — those pains termina- 
 ting with the removal of the compressing cause. 
 Neuralgia Fem'oro-poplit^'a, N. Ischiad'ica, 
 Sciat'ica, Schias, Malum ischiad'icvm, Ilorbua 
 ischiad'icus, Passio ischiad'ica., Isch'iagra, Is- 
 ehial'gia, Ischio'sis, Ischioneural'gia, Coxal'gia, 
 Dolor Ischiad'icus nervo'sus, Is'chias, I. nervo'sa 
 Cotugnii seu Cotunnii, I. nervo'sa posti'ca seu 
 rheuma'tica, Neurisch'ias, Cox'agra, Ischiat'ica, 
 Ischonewal'gia, (Prov. Devonshire) Bone-shave, 
 (F.) Sciatique, Goutte sciatique. This is charac- 
 terized by pain following the great sciatic nerve 
 from the ischiatic notch to the ham, and along the 
 peroneal surface of the leg to the sole of the foot. 
 Neuralgia FEu'oRo-PRiETiBiA'Lis, N. crural, 
 Ischias nervo'sa anti'ca, Seelal'gia anti'ea. In 
 this, the pain, setting out from the groin, spreads 
 along the fore part of the thigh, and passes down, 
 chiefly on the inner side of the leg, to the inner 
 ankle and back of the foot. 
 
 Neuralgia of the Heart, Angina pectoris — 
 n. Hepatica, Hepatalgia, 
 
 Neuralgia Ilio-Scrotal has been rarely ob- 
 served. It is characterized by a very acute pain, 
 in the course of the branches of the first lumbar 
 pair; this pain follows the crista ilii and accom- 
 panies the spermatic vessels to the testicle, which 
 is often painfully retracted. 
 
 Neuralgia, Lead, see Lead rheumatism — n. 
 Lienis, Splenalgia. 
 
 Neural'gia Mamw^, Ir'ritahle breast. An ex- 
 ceedingly painful afiFection of the female mamma, 
 unaccompanied by inflammation. 
 
 Neuralgia Planta'ris. This is rare ; and 
 the pain is confined to the course of the plantar 
 nerves. 
 
 Neuralgia Renum, Nephralgia — n. Spinalis, 
 Spinal irritation — n. Testis, Orchidalgia. 
 
 N E U R A N A G E N N E'SIS, Neuranaph'ysis, 
 vtvpov, 'a nerve,' and avay^vvaw, 'to regenerate.' 
 Regeneration or renewal of a nerve. 
 
 NEURANAPHYSIS, Neuranasennesis. 
 NEURAPOPHTSIS, see Vertebrse. 
 NEURASTHENI'A, Neuradyna'mio, DebiV- 
 ifas nervo'sa. Debility or impaired activity of 
 the nerves; from vnpov, 'a nerve,' and aaBe'vun, 
 ' debilitv.' — See Irritable. 
 
 NEURECTOMIA, from vcvfiov, 'a nerve,' and 
 cKTOfiii, 'excision.' Excision of a nerve. 
 NEURICUS, Nervous. 
 
 NEURILEM'MA, Neurile'ma, Neurily'ma, 
 Neu'rymen, Perineu'rion, Fis'tula seu Tu'bulus 
 seu Cap'snla seu Involu'crum nervo'rum, Mem- 
 bra'na seu ITembran'ida seu Tu'nica seu Indtt- 
 men'tum nervo'rum, Vagi'na nervo'rum/ (F.) 
 Nevrillme, Perinevre ; from vcvpov, ' a nerve,' and 
 "Xtfifia, 'a coat.' The fine transparent, and appa- 
 rently fibrous membrane that surrounds the 
 nerves — to every filament of which it forms a true 
 canal. 
 
 Robin restricts the term perinevre to the struc- 
 ture that invests the primitive bundles of nerves; 
 and every nervous filament. It differs from the 
 neurilemma, in its ordinary acceptation, which 
 forms a coat of some thickness in the larger 
 nerves, and supports the nutrient vessels, whilst 
 the perinevre exhibits no capillaries. 
 
 NEURILEMMATITIS, Neurilemmitis. 
 NEURILEMMI'TIS, Neurilemmati'tis, Neu- 
 rolemmati'tis, Neurili'tis, (F.) Nivrilemite, from 
 
NEURILITIS 
 
 63 3 
 
 NJSVROTOME 
 
 neurilemma, and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Same etymon. Inflammation of the neurilemma. 
 
 XEURILITIS, Neurilemmitis. 
 
 NEURILYMA, Neurilemma. 
 
 NEURIXE, Medul'la nervo'nim, (F.) Nevrine, 
 Alhiunine cerehrale ou du cerveau, from vevpov, 'a. 
 ner^e.' The substance of which the nervous 
 system is composed. It consists chiefly of albu- 
 men and a peculiar fatty matter, associated with 
 phosphorus. There are two kinds of neurine — > 
 the one vesicular or consisting essentially of 
 neroe vesicles or nerve cells or corpuscles, or, as 
 they are sometimes called, from their prevailing 
 in the ganglia — ganglion corpuscles and ganglion 
 globules ; the Other, the tubular, formed — as the 
 word imports — of tubules. The former is the 
 cineritious or cortical nervous matter of the older 
 anatomists; — the latter, the white or 7iiedullary. 
 The vesicular neurine has appeared to be re- 
 stricted to the production and distribution of 
 nerve-power; the tubular, to its conduction; yet 
 the experiments of Dr. Brown-Sequard show, 
 that the former conveys sensitive impressions 
 from the posterior spinal roots to the brain. 
 
 NEURISCHIAS, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea. 
 
 NEURITIC, Nervine. 
 
 NEURI'TIS, Inflarnma'tio nervo'ruvi, Nexiro- 
 phlogo'sis, Neurophleg'mone, (F.) Inflammation 
 des Nerfs, Nevrite, from vevpov, ' a nerve,' and 
 itis, a sufBx denoting inflammation. Inflamma- 
 tion of a nerve. 
 
 NEUROBLACI'A, from vevfiov, 'a. nerve,' and 
 pKaKEia, 'stupor.' Insensibility of the nerves. 
 
 NEUROCHONDRO'DES, from vtvpov, 'a si- 
 new,' ;^oi'^pof, 'a cartilage,' and eihog, 'resem- 
 blance.' A hard substance between a sinew and 
 a cartilage. 
 
 NEURODES, Nervous. 
 
 NEURODYNAMIA, Nervous power. 
 
 NEURODYNAMIS, Nervous power. 
 
 NEURODYNIA, Neuralgia. 
 
 NEUROGAMIA, Magnetism, nnimal. 
 
 NEUROG'RAPHY, Xeurograph'ia ; from vev- 
 pov, 'a nerve,' and yP'^'Pl, 'a- description.' The 
 part of anatomy which describes the nerves. 
 
 NEUROHYPNOL'OGY, ]'ieurohypnolog"ia, 
 from vevpov, 'a nerve,' 'vtvo;, 'sleep,' and Xoyo;, 
 'a treatise.' A name given by Mr. Braid to his 
 theory of magnetic sleep. See Magnetism, ani- 
 mal. 
 
 NEURO-HYPNOTISM, see Magnetism, ani- 
 mal. 
 
 NEUROLEMMATITIS, Neurilemmitis. 
 
 NEUROL'OaY, Neurolog"ia, (F.) Nevrologie, 
 from vevpov, ' a nerve,' and \oyoq, ' a discourse.' 
 The part of anatomy which treats of the nerves. 
 
 NEURO'MA, (F.) Xevrom.e, from vevpov, 'a 
 nerve.' A morbid enlargement of a nerve. Ap- 
 plied to subcutaneous, circumscribed, and highly 
 painful tumours formed on the tissue of the 
 nerves; and likewise to a small, hard, grayish tu- 
 mour, Neiiroma'tion, Nervous ganglion, painful 
 ta'bercle, of the size of a pea, which is observed 
 in the course of nerves, and appears to be formed 
 from the neurilemma. 
 
 NEUROMALA'CIA; from vevpov, 'a nerve,' 
 and fiaXiiKLa, ' softening.' Softening of nerves. 
 
 NEUROMATION, Neuroma. 
 
 NEUROMETERES, Psose. 
 
 NEUROMYELI'TIS, from vevpov, 'a nerve,' 
 pveXoi, 'marrow,' and itis, denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the medullary matter of 
 the nerves. 
 
 NEURON, see Nerve. 
 
 NEURON'OSOS, Nenronu'sos, from vtvpov, 'a 
 nerve.' and voaa^, 'a disease.' A disease of the 
 nerves. _ 
 
 NEURONYG'ME, Neuronyg'mus, Neuronyx'ie, 
 
 from vevpov, 'a nerve,' and vvypn, 'puncture;' 
 Punc'tio nervi. Puncture of a nerve. 
 
 NEUROPATH'IC, Neuropath' icus, fromvtvpov, 
 'a nerve,' and nado;, 'a disease.' Belonging to 
 disease of the nerves, to Neuropathi' a or Neu- 
 ron'osos. 
 
 NEUROPHLEGMONE, Neuritis. 
 
 NEUROPHLOGOSIS, Neuritis. 
 
 NEUROPLAS'TY, Neuroplas'tice, (F.) Nev- 
 roplastie, from vevpov, 'a nerve,' and vrXaanKos, 
 ' forming.' M. Serres applies this term to a gan- 
 glionary alteration of the peripheral nerves. 
 
 NEUROPYRA, Fever, nervous. Typhus mitior. 
 
 NEUROPYRETUS, Fever, nervous, Typhus 
 mitior. 
 
 NEURO'SES, (F.) Nevroses, from vevpov, 'a 
 nerve.' A generic name for diseases supposed 
 to have their seat in the nervous system, and 
 which are indicated by disordered sensation, vo- 
 lition, or mental manifestation ; without any evi- 
 dent lesion in the structure of the parts, and 
 without any material agent producing them. 
 Such is the usual definition. Broussais attributes 
 them to a state of irritation of the brain and spi- 
 nal marrow. 
 
 NEURO-SKELETON, see Skeleton. 
 
 NEUROSPASM!, see Spasm. 
 
 NEUROSTHENI'A, (F.) Nevrosthenie, from 
 vevpov, 'a nerve,' and aOeveia, 'strength.' Excess 
 of nervous irritation. Nervous irritation. 
 
 NEUROTHELIG APPARATUS, Corpus pa- 
 pillare. 
 
 NEUROTIC, Nervine. 
 _ NEUROT'ICA. Diseases of the nervous func- 
 tion. The 4th class of Good's Nosology. 
 
 NEUROTOME, Nevrotome. 
 
 NEUROT'OMY, iVe«roto»i'/a, (F.) Nevrotomie. 
 Same etymon. Dissection of nerves. Also, an 
 incised wound of a nerve. 
 
 NEUROTRO'SIS, Neurotros'mus, Irom vevpov, 
 ' a nerve,' and t-ouo-ij, 'wounding.' Nervi vulne- 
 ra'tio. Wound or wounding of a nerve. 
 
 NEUROTROSMUS, Neurotrosis. 
 
 NEURYMEN, Neurilemma. 
 
 NEUTA, Neutha. A membrane, according to 
 Paracelsus, which covers the eyes and ears of the 
 foetus in utero. 
 
 NEUTRAL, from neuter, ' neither.' Belonging 
 to neither in particular. 
 
 Neutral Salts, Sec'ondnry salts, (F.) Seh 
 neutres. Salts, composed of two primitive saline 
 substances, combined together, and not possess- 
 ing the characters of acid or of base. 
 
 NEVIS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Thermal 
 springs in the department of Allier, France. 
 Temperature,- 136° to 148° Fahrenheit. 
 
 NEVRALGIE, Neuralgia— tj. du Foie, Hepa- 
 talgia — n. des Reins, Nephralgia — n. de I' Uterus, 
 Hysteralgia. 
 
 NE VRILEME, Neurilemma. 
 
 NE VRILEMITE, Neurilemmitis. 
 
 NEVRINE, ^QurmQ. 
 
 NE VRITE, Neuritis. 
 
 NE VR OD YNIE, Neuralgia. 
 
 NE VR OL GIE, Neurology. 
 
 NEVROME, Neuroma. 
 
 NEVROSE DU CCEUR, Angina pectoris. 
 
 NEVROSES, Neuroses. 
 
 NEVROSTHENIE, Neurosthenia. 
 
 NEVROTHELE, from vevpov, 'nerve,' and 
 •J17X7;, 'papilla.' Concerning the papillae of the 
 skin. 
 
 Appakeil Nevrothele. The papillary appa- 
 ratus, or arrangement of the skin in the aggregate. 
 — Breschet. 
 
 NE VR TOME, Neurotome, Neurol' omus ; from 
 
NiVROTOMIE 
 
 634 
 
 NIPPLE 
 
 vtvpov, 'a nerve,' and tijivus, 'I cut/ 'I dissect.' 
 An instrument used by anatomists to dissect the 
 nerves. It is a long and very narrow scalpel, 
 having two edges. 
 
 NSVROTOMIE, Neurotomy. 
 NEVUS, Nsevus. 
 
 NEW JERSEY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 In the upper part of Morris county and in the 
 county of Hunterdon, near the top of Musconet- 
 cong mountain, there are chalybeate springs, 
 which are resorted to. See Schooley's Mountain. 
 NEW YORK, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 The chief waters are those of Saratoga, Ballston, 
 Sharon, and Avon. 
 
 NEXUS STAMINEUS OGULI, Ciliary body. 
 NEZ, Nasus. 
 
 NGEREXGERE. A singular disease, with 
 the New Zealanders, which Dr. Arthur S. Thom- 
 son considers to be a varietj' of such diseases as 
 the Elephantiasis Gr^corum, Lepra of the Cos- 
 sacks, &c., and which he proposes to call Lepra 
 ganqrano'sn. 
 
 N^IANDRIA ANOMALA, Anisodus luridus. 
 NICARAGUA WOOD, see Cajsalpinia. 
 NIC'COLI SALES, Salts of Nickel, (F.) Sels 
 de Nickel. These salts are gentle tonics, and 
 have been given with advantage in periodic 
 headache, and in chlorosis and amenorrhcca. The 
 dose of the sulphate is gr. ss or gr. j, three times 
 a day. 
 
 NICCOLUM, Nickel. 
 
 NICE, CLIMATE OF. The climate of Nice 
 possesses some advantages over the neighbour- 
 ing climates of Provence and Italy, being free 
 from the sirocco of the latter, and protected 
 from the mistral of the former. Spring is the 
 most unfavourable season. The climate is very 
 dry. It has been a great winter retreat for the 
 consumptive; but does not deserve the enco- 
 miums that have been passed upon it. 
 
 NICKAR TREE, Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
 NICKEL, Niccolum, from (G.) Nickel, 'a 
 prostitute.' A term of detraction, having been 
 applied by the old German writers to what was | 
 regarded as a kind of false copper ore. A white 
 malleable metal, s. g. 8-8; less oxidizable than 
 iron. The sulphate has been given as a tonic in 
 the dose of half a grain to a grain. 
 
 NICODE'MI O'LEUM, Oil of Nicode'mtts. 
 An oil made by digesting, for some time, — in a 
 mixture of white wine and olive oil, — old turpen- 
 tine, litharge, aloes, saffron, oxyd of zinc, &c. 
 
 NICOTIANA, N. tabacum — n. Minor, N. 
 rustiea. 
 
 Nicotia'na Rus'tica, called after Nicot, who 
 carried it to Europe ; N. minor, Priapei'a, Byoa- 
 cy'amus lu'ieus, English or Wild Tobacco. Ord. 
 Solanaceffi. The leaves possess the properties of 
 tobacco, but are milder. 
 
 NiCOTiANA Tab'accm, Nicotia'na, Berha ta- 
 baci, Tahaenm, Pettim, Petnn, Hyoscy'amua Pe- 
 ruvia'nus, Tobacco, Virgin' ia tobacco, Drunk- 
 wort, (F.) Tabac, Nicotiane. Tobacco is a violent 
 aoro-narcotic ; its properties seeming to depend 
 upon a peculiar principle, Nicntin or Nicotiauin, 
 It is narcotic, sedative, diuretic, emetic, ca- 
 thartic, and errhine. In incarcerated hernia, it 
 is injected, in the form of smoke or infusion, but 
 requires great caution. It is extensively and 
 habitually used as an errhine andsialogogue. The 
 infusion is used to kill vermin, and in some cuta- 
 neous eruptions. 
 
 NICOTTANE. Nieotiana tabacum. 
 NICOTIANIN, see Nieotiana tabacum. 
 NICOTIN, see Nieotiana tabacum. 
 NICTATTO. Hippus, Nictatio. 
 NICTA'TION, Nictn'tio, Nictita'tio, from nic- 
 tare, nietatiun, 'to wink.' Clonus nictita'tio, Ble- 
 
 pJiarism'us, Palpebra'tio, Twinkling of the eye, 
 (F.) Clignotement, Cillement. A rapid and re- 
 peated movement of the eyelids, which open and 
 shut alternately. As occasionally performed, it 
 is physiological; if repeatedly, a disease. It 
 seems to be executed chiefly by the motor 7th 
 pair of nerves; but it is necessary that the ex- 
 citor 5th pair should likewise be in a state of 
 integrity. 
 
 NIDAMENTUM, Decidua. 
 NIDDICK, Nucha. 
 NIDOREUX, Nidorous. 
 
 NI'DOROUS, Nidoro'sus, (F.) Nidoreux, from 
 Nidor, Cnissa, 'the smell of any thing burnt,' 
 &c. Having the smell of burnt or corrupt ani- 
 mal matter. 
 
 NIDUS, Nidus hirundinis. 
 NiDTJS Hirhn'dinis, Nidus, Sicalloios' Nest. 
 A deep fossa in the cerebellum — so called from 
 its fancied resemblance — situate between the ve- 
 lum medullare posterius in front, and the nodu- 
 lus and uvula behind. 
 
 NIEDERBRONN, MINERAL WATERS OF, 
 Saline waters in the department of Bas-Rhin, 
 France, which contain chloride of sodium, sul- 
 phate of magnesia, and carbonic acid. 
 NTELLE^-S\o;e\laL. 
 
 NIEPA BARK, see Samadera Indica. 
 NIGELLA, Coptis. 
 
 'Nige'l'l.a, N. Sati'va; 0)-(f. Ranunculaceae: (ni- 
 grella, from niger, 'black.) Melan'thinm, Cumi'- 
 num Nigrum, Fennel flower. Nutmeg floicer. Devil 
 in a bush, (F.) Nigelle, Nielle, Faux cumin, Fleur 
 Sainfe-Cafherine. This small southern European 
 and Syrian plant was formerly used medicinally 
 as an expectorant and deobstruent, errhine, sia- 
 logogue, &c. 
 
 NIGELLE, Nigella. 
 NIGHT-BLINDNESS, Hemeralopia. 
 NIGHT EYES, Crusta genu equinse — n. Mare, 
 Incubus. 
 
 NIGHTSHADE, AMERICAN, Phytolacca 
 decandra — n. Bittersweet, Solanum dulcamara — 
 n. Common, Solanum — n. Deadly, Atropa bella- 
 donna — n. Enchanter's, Circ»a Lutetiana — n. 
 Garden, Solanum — n. Palestine, Solanum sanc- 
 tum — n. Stinking, Hyoscyamus niger — n. Vine, 
 Solanum dulcamara — n. Woody, Solanum dul- 
 camara. ^ 
 
 NIGREDO A SOLE, Ephelides. 
 NIGRITA, Negro. 
 
 NIGRITIES.Melanopathia— n. Ossium, Caries. 
 NIGRITISM, Melanopathia. 
 NIGRITUDO, Melanosis— n. Pulmonum, Me- 
 lanosis pulmonum. 
 
 NIGROMANTIA, Necromancy. 
 NIGROR, Melasma. 
 NIGRUM OCULL Pupil. 
 NIHIL ALBUM, Zinci oxydum — n. Griseum, 
 Zinci oxvdum. 
 NILIACUM, Mel. 
 
 NIMA QUASSIOi'DES, Sima'ba qunssioides, 
 a native of Nepal and the Himalava mountains, 
 is as bitter as quassia, and is used like it, 
 NINDSIN, Sium ninsi. 
 NINE BARK, Spirsa opulifolia. 
 NINE-DAY FITS, Trismus nascentium. 
 NINSI, Sium ninsi. 
 NINSING, Panax quinquefolium. 
 NINZIN, Sium ninsi. 
 
 NIPPLE, Sax. nypele. The Teat, Tit, Tet, 
 Dug, Pop. (Old Eng.) Neble, Titty; Acromns'tinm, 
 JJber, Staph'yfis, Staphyl'ium, Buhona, 3Iammil'- 
 la, Mammel'lo, Papil'tn, P. mnmmoi, U'beris 
 apex, Thele, Tit'tlie. Titthos. Tit'fhion, Titthis, 
 (F.) Mamelon, Bout de sein. The conical tubercle, 
 situate at the centre of the breast. Towards the 
 central part of each breast the skin changes 
 colour, and assumes a rosy tint in young females. 
 
NIPPLEWORT 
 
 635 
 
 NODOSIA 
 
 or a reddish brown in those who have suckled 
 several children. The circle is called the Areola 
 or Aureola of the nipple. The nipple is capable 
 of erection on being excited. 
 
 Nipple, Artificial, Bout de Sein. 
 NIPPLEWORT, Lapsana. 
 NIRLES, Herpes phlycteenodes. 
 NIRMALLEES, Strychnos potatorum. 
 NIRMILLIES, Strychnos potatorum. 
 NISUS, Nixiia, Peira, Straining, from Lat. 
 nitor, nisus, and nixne, ' to endeavour.' A volun- 
 tary retention of the breath, so as to force down 
 the diaphragm ; the abdominal muscles bein^ at 
 the same time contracted forcibly. In this man- 
 ner the contents of the abdomen are compressed ; 
 and the evacuation of the faeces, urine, &c., is 
 effected. 
 
 Nisus, Effort — n. Eormativus, Plastic force. 
 Nisus Partdrienticm. The efforts or forcing 
 during parturition. 
 
 NITEDULA, Cicindela. 
 
 NITON, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 springs in the Isle of Wight contain iron, and 
 sulphate of alumina and potassa. 
 
 NITRAS, Nitrate — n. Hydrargyricus, se« 
 Hydrargyri nitras — n. Hydrargyrosus, Hydrar- 
 gyri nitras — n. Kalicus, Potassae nitras — n. Lix- 
 ivise, Potassae nitras — n. Natricum, Soda, nitrate 
 of — n. Plumbicus, Plumbi nitras — n. Potassae 
 cum sulphure fusus, Potassae nitras fusus sul- 
 phatis paucillo mixtus — n. Sub-bismuthicum, 
 Bismuth, sub-nitrate of. 
 
 NI'TRATE, Nitras, Az'otate. A salt, formed 
 Qf a base and nitric acid. Several nitrates are 
 employed in medicine. 
 
 NITRATE AGIBE BE MERGURE, see 
 Hydrargyri nitras — n. d' Ammoniaque, Ammoniae 
 nitras — n. d' Argent, Argenti nitras — ii. Mercureux, 
 Hydrargyri nitras. 
 
 NITRE, Potassae nitras — n. Cubic, Soda, ni- 
 trate of. 
 
 NITRIC, Ni'tricus, (F.) Nitrique, from nitrum, 
 'nitre.' Appertaining or relating to nitre. 
 
 Nitric Acid, Aeidum ni'tricum seu azo'ticum 
 seu sep'ticuni seu nitri, Aqua fortis. Nitrous acid, 
 Spir'itus nitri duplex seu nitri fumans seu nitri 
 Glauhe'ri seu nitri ac"idus, Azot'ic acid, Dephlo- 
 gist'icated nitrous acid, Oxysepton'io acid, (F.) 
 Acide nitrique ou azotique. Nitric acid is ob- 
 tained from nitre — Nitrate of potassa. Its odour 
 is suffocating ; taste very acid and caustic. It is 
 corrosive, liquid, colourless, and transparent. 
 S. g. 1-500. 
 
 Strong nitric acid is rarely used except as an 
 application to foul, indolent ulcers, or to warts. 
 When given internally, it is in the form of the 
 AciDUM ni'tricum dilu'tum, Spir'itus nitri sim- 
 plex seu nitri vulga'ris — Diluted nitric acid, 
 ■which, in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, 
 consists of nitric acid, f^i, water, f^ix by mea- 
 sure. Diluted largely with water, it is used, as a 
 drink in fevers of the typhoid kind ; in chronic 
 affections of the liver, syphilis, &c. ; but in the 
 latter affections, it is not to be depended upon. 
 
 NITROGEN, from vtrpov, 'nitre,' and y£vvau>f 
 'I generate.' Azote. 
 
 Ni'trogen, Ga'seous Oxide of. Nitrous oxide, 
 Protox'ide of nitrogen or of azote, Paradise, In- 
 toxicating or Laughing gas, Dephlogis'ticated ni- 
 trous gas, Gas azot'icum oxygena'tum. This gas, 
 when respired, produces singular effects; great 
 mental and corporeal excitement; and, generally, 
 so much exhilaration as to render the appellation, 
 "laughing gas" hj no means inappropriate. It 
 has not been much used in medicine, although 
 recommended in paralysis. Its effects are too 
 violent and too transient to render it a valuable 
 remedial agent; and, in the delicate, it has been 
 
 productive of unpleasant effects, inducing palpi- 
 tation, fainting, and convulsions. 
 
 Nitrogen, Protoxide of, Nitrogen, gaseous 
 oxide of. 
 
 NITROGENE, Azote. 
 NITROGENIUM, Azote. 
 
 NI'TROGENIZED, A'zoted, A'zotized, (F.) 
 Azote. Containing nitrogen or azote: — as a »);'- 
 trogenized, azoted, or azotized aliment. 
 
 NITRO-MURIAT'IC ACID, Ac"idum nitro- 
 muriat'icum seu muriaticum nitro' so-oxygena' tunif 
 Mena'trunm auri, Nitro-hydrochlor'ic or Hydro- 
 chloro-nitric acid, Aqua regia seu styg"ia seu regis 
 Ghrysalea, (F.) Eau regale. A mixture of the 
 nitric and muriatic acids, has been used in dis- 
 eases of the liver, in the form of a bath for the 
 feet and legs, made sharply acidulous. It has, 
 also, been employed, and with more uniform re- 
 sults, in cutaneous affections. Whatever advan- 
 tage it may posses in internal diseases — and these 
 advantages are doubtful — they are probably de- 
 pendent upon the chlorine formed by the mixture, 
 or upon the properties possessed by the mineral 
 acids in general. See Chlorine. 
 
 The Aeidum nitro-muriaticum of the Pharma- 
 copoeia of the United States is formed by mixing 
 four fluidounces of nitric acid with eight of 
 muriatic acid. 
 
 NITROUS OXIDE, Nitrogen, gaseous oxide of. 
 
 NITRUM, Natron, Potassae nitras — n. Anti- 
 quorum, Soda — n. Cubicum, Soda, nitrate of — 
 n. Factitium, Borax — n. Flammans, Ammoniae 
 nitras — n. Lunare, Argenti nitras — n. Prismati- 
 cum, Potassae nitras — n. Rhomboidale, Soda, 
 nitrate of — n. Saturninum, Plumbi nitras — n. Vi- 
 triolatum Schroederi, Potassae sulphas — n. Tabu- 
 latum, Potassae nitras fusus sulphatis paucillo 
 mixtus — n. Vitriolatum, Potassae sulphas. 
 
 NIX, Snow — n. Fumans, Calx viva — n. Zinci, 
 Zinci oxydum. 
 
 NIXUS, Nisus — n. Parturientium, Nisus par- 
 turientium. 
 
 NOAH'S ARK, Cypripedium luteum. 
 
 NOBLE, Noh'ilis. Principal, Essential. 
 
 Noble Parts, Partes essentia'ks. Some ana- 
 tomists have given this name to parts, without 
 which life cannot exist; such as the heart, liver, 
 lungs, brain, &c. The organs of generation have, 
 likewise, been so called. 
 
 NOCAR, vM/cap, Torpor Soporif'icuB. Lethargic' 
 torpor. 
 
 NOCTAMBULATIO, Somnambulism. 
 
 NOCTAMBULISMUS, Somnambulism, 
 
 NOCTAMBULUS, Somnambulist. 
 
 NOCTISURGIUM, Somnambulism. 
 
 NOCTUI'NI OC'ULL Gray or blue eyes.— 
 Castelli. 
 
 NOCTURNA BELLA, Coitus. 
 
 NOCTUR'NAL, Noctur'nus, Nyeter'inus, from 
 nox, noctis, 'night.' Relating to night, as Fehria 
 noctur'na seu nycter'ina. A fever occurring ia 
 the night. 
 
 NODDING, Annuitio, Nutatio. 
 
 NODDLEPOX, Syphilomania. 
 
 NODE, Nodus, Emphy'ma exosto sis perios'tea, 
 (F.) Nodosite, Nceud; from Hebr. TJ, 'a heap.' 
 A hard concretion or incrustation, which forms 
 around joints attacked with rheumatism or gout. 
 Some include, under this name, exostoses, arti- 
 cular calculi, ganglions, and even the chronic 
 swellings of the joints known under the name 
 of white swellings. 
 
 NODES, Edentulus. 
 
 NODI DIGITOBUM MANUS, Phalanges of 
 the fingers — n. Lactea, Infarctus mammae lacteua 
 — n. Nervorum, Ganglions, nervous — n. Hsemor- 
 rhoidales, see Haemorrhois. 
 
 NODOL Nefrendes. 
 
 NODOSIA, see Nefrendes. 
 
NODOSITE 
 
 636 
 
 NOSOGENIA 
 
 ]^0B OSITJE, Node. 
 
 NODULI AKAN'TII, Nochdi Jlorgagn'ii, 
 Cor'pora Aran'tii. The small sesamoid bodies 
 situate on the periphery of the semilunar valves 
 of the aorta and pulmonary artery for the better 
 occlusion of the artery. 
 
 NoDULi MoKGAGNii, NoduU Arantii — n. Ner- 
 vorum, Ganglions, nervous. 
 
 NOD'ULUS, diminutive oi nodus, 'a knot.' A 
 small knot A small prominence or lobule in the 
 portion of the cerebellum, which forms the poste- 
 rior boundary of the fourth ventricle. The 
 nodulus is on the median line, and before the 
 uvula. See Vermiform process, inferior. 
 
 NODULUS UTERINUS, Pessary. 
 
 NODUS, Articulation, Edentulus, Encystis, 
 Hamma — n. Cerebri, Pons Varolii — n. Chirurgi- 
 cus, Knot, surgeon's — n. Encephali, Nceud de 
 V Eticephale, Pons Varolii — n. Hystericus, Angone 
 — n. Vitas, Centrum vitale. 
 
 NOESrS, Intellect. 
 
 NCEUD, Node — n. du Ohirurgien, Knot, sur- 
 geon's — 11. d'Emhalleur, Knot, packer's. 
 
 NCEUD DE L'ENCEPUALE (F.), Nodus 
 Enceph'ali. M. Cruveilhier, under this name, 
 includes the pons Varolii, peduncles of the cere- 
 brum and cerebellum, and the tubercula quadri- 
 gemina. 
 
 NCEUD VITAL, Centrum vitale. 
 
 NCEUD S, Calculi, arthritic. 
 
 NOIR ANIMAL, Carbo animalis— w. d'Os, 
 Carbo animalis. 
 
 NOISETIER, Corylus avellana. 
 
 NOISETTE, Corylus avellana (nut). 
 
 NOIX, Juglans regia (nux) — n. Amiricaine, 
 Jatropha curcas — re. des Barbades, Jatropha cur- 
 cas — n. Cathartique, Jatropha curcas — )(. d'Eau, 
 Trapa natans — n. de Galle, see Quercus infectoria 
 — n. d'Igasur, Ignatia amara — n. de Serpent, see 
 Thevetia Ahouai — «. Vomique, see Strychnos 
 nux vomica. 
 
 NOLA CULINARIA, Anemone Pulsatilla. 
 
 NOLI ME TANGERE, Lupus, see Chancreux 
 (^Bouton.) 
 
 NOMA, Cancer aquatieus — n. Pudendorum, 
 Colpocace infantilis. 
 
 NOMAD, Nomade, Nomas, {vojia;, votiaSog,) 
 from vo//!?, 'pasturage.' An epithet given to people 
 who have no fixed habitation, and who travel, 
 with their flocks, from country to country, for 
 pasturage. Such are the Tartars. By analogy, 
 the word Nomad' ic has been applied to a spreading 
 ulcer. 
 
 NOMBRIL, Umbilicus — n. de Venus, Cotyle- 
 don umbilicus. 
 
 NOME, Cancer aquatieus. Phagedenic ulcer. 
 
 NOMENCLATURE, Nomenela'tio, Nomen- 
 clatu'ra, Onomatolog"ia, Onomatocle'sis, Termon- 
 ol'ogy, Terminol'orjy, Glossol'ogij, Orismol'ogy, 
 from ovojia, ' name,' and Ka'Xtu), ' I call.' A col- 
 lection of terms or words peculiar to a science or 
 art. In all sciences, nomenclature is an object 
 of importance; and each term should convey to 
 the student a definite meaning. The Lavoisier- 
 ian nomenclature was a valuable gift to che- 
 mistry ; and anatomy has derived advantage from 
 the labours of Barclay, Dumas, and Chaussier, 
 who have given names to parts indicative of their 
 situation. See Muscle. The nomenclature of 
 pathology has required the greatest attention; 
 and although repeated attempts have been made 
 to improve it, the barbarous terms that disgrace 
 it are still frequently adopted. It consists of 
 Hebrew and Arabic terms ; Greek and Latin, 
 French, Italian, Spanish, German, English, and 
 even Indian, African, and Mexican ; often bar- 
 barously and illegitimately compounded. A want 
 of principle in founding the technical terms of 
 medicine is every where observable. They have 
 
 been formed: — 1. From colour; as Melcf.na.^ 
 Melas, AtrahiUs, Leuce, Alphos, Chlorosis, Bu- 
 heola, Scarlatina, Purpura, &c, 2. From dura- 
 tion j as ejihemeral, quotidian, tertian, and quar- 
 tan, continued, and intermittent, &c. 3. From 
 Birds, Beasts, Fishes, Insects, and Plants; as 
 Rabies canina, Cynanche, Boulimia, Pica, Hip- 
 popyon. Elephantiasis, Urticaria, Lichen, Ich- 
 thyo'sis, &c. 4. From Persons or Places ; as 
 Jlorbus Herculeus, Fades Hippocratica, Lepra 
 Arabum, Plica Polonica, Sudor Anglicus, Blorbua 
 Gallicus, Ignis Sancti Antonii, Chorea Sancti 
 Viti, &c. 
 
 NOMUS, Cancer aquatieus. 
 
 NON-COMPOS, Lunatic. 
 
 NoN-CojiPos Mentis, Lunatic. 
 
 NON-NAT'URALS, N'on natxira'lia. Under 
 this term the ancient physicians comprehended 
 air, meat, and drink, sleep and watching, motion 
 and rest, the retentions and excretions, and the 
 affections of the mind. They were so called, be- 
 cause they affect man without entering into his 
 composition, or constituting his nature; but yet 
 are so necessary that he cannot live without them. 
 
 NONPLACENTAL, see Placental. 
 
 NON-SANE, Insane. 
 
 NON-STRIATED MUSCULAR FIBRE, see 
 Muscular fibre. 
 
 NONUS HUMERI PLACENTINI, Teres 
 minor — n. Linguae musculus, Genio-glossus — n. 
 Vesalii, Peron^us tertius. 
 
 NOOS, Intellect. 
 
 NORICE, Nurse. 
 
 NORMA VERTICALIS, see Normal. 
 
 NORMAL, Norma'lis, from norma, ' a perpen- 
 dicular,' 'a rule.' According to rule; perpen- 
 dicular. 
 
 The normal line, norma vertica'lis, of Blumen- 
 bach, is a vertical line let fall from the promi- 
 nence of the frontal bone and shaving the supe- 
 rior maxillary, so as to mark the projection of 
 the latter bone beyond the arch of the forehead. 
 
 NORRIS'S DROPS, see Antimonium tartari- 
 zatum. 
 
 NORTH CAROLI'NA, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. The chief springs are the Warm and Hot 
 Springs of Buncombe. Temperatures varying 
 from 94° to 104° Fahr. They have not much 
 mineral impregnation, and have the properties 
 of the thermal waters in general. 
 
 NORTON'S DROPS, Liquor hydrargyri oxy- 
 muriatis. 
 
 NORYSS, Nurse. 
 
 NOSACERUS, Sickly. 
 
 NOSE, Nasus — n. Bleed, Epistasis. 
 
 Nose, Running at the, Coryza. 
 
 NOSELI'A, voa7]\eia, Nosoeome'sis, Nosoconii'a, 
 from voao?, ' disease.' Care of the sick. 
 
 NOSEMA, Disease. 
 
 NOSENCEPH'ALUS, (F.) Nosencephale, from 
 votrof, 'disease,' and eyKi(pa)^os, 'brain.' A mon- 
 ster whose skull is open only on the frontal and 
 parietal regions, the posterior fontanelle being 
 distinctly present. 
 
 NOSEROS, Insalubrious, Sick. 
 
 NOSEUMA, Disease. 
 
 NOSOCOMESIS, Noselia. 
 
 NOSOCOxMIA, Noselia. 
 
 NOSOCO'MIAL, Nosocomia'lis, from voctoko- 
 fittov, (vo(To;, 'a disease,' and KOfieo), '1 take care 
 of,') 'an hospital.' Relating to an hospital, — as 
 'nosocomial or hospital fever.' 
 
 NOSOCOMIUM, Hospital. 
 
 NOSOCOMUS, Infirmier. 
 
 NOSOCRATIC, Specific. 
 
 NOSODES, Insalubrious, Sick, Sickly. 
 
 NOSODOCHIUM, Hospital. 
 
 NOSOGENESIS, Pathogeny 
 
 NOSOGENIA, Pathogeny. 
 
NOSOGEXT 
 
 637 
 
 NOW 
 
 NOSOGENT, Patbogeny. 
 
 NOSOGEOGRAPHY, Geography, medical. 
 
 NOSOG'RAPHY, Nosocjraph'ia, from voao?, 'a. 
 disease/ and ypacpw, ' I describe.' A description 
 of diseases. 
 
 NOSOL'OGY, Nosolog"ia, from voaoq, 'a dis- 
 ease,' and Aoyof, 'a discourse.' A name given to that 
 part of medicine whose object is the classification 
 of diseases. The most celebrated nosological 
 systems have been those of Sauvages (1763), Lin- 
 naeus (1763), Vogel (1764), Sagar (1776), Mac- 
 bride (1772), Cullen (1772), Darwin (1796), Selle, 
 Crichton (1S04), Parr (1809), Swediaur (1812), 
 Pinel (1813), Young (1813), Good (1817), Hosack 
 (1818), &c. Besides these general nosographies, 
 others have been published on Surgery exclu- 
 sively, none of which are particularly worthy of 
 enumeration amongst nosological systems. No- 
 sological arrangements have, also, been formed 
 of single families or groups of diseases. Plenck, 
 of Baden, is the author of two different treatises 
 of this kind: the one, a methodical arrangement 
 of the diseases of the eyes, and the other, of cu- 
 taneous diseases. Dr. Willan published an ar- 
 rangement of cutaneous diseases, which was com- 
 pleted by Dr. Bateman, and adopted into the 
 Nosology of Dr. Hosack. Mr. Abernethy, also, 
 published a methodical classification of tumours, 
 and many other partial nosological classifications 
 might be enumerated. Also, Pathology. 
 
 NOSON'OMY, Nosonom'ia, from voaog, 'a dis- 
 ease,' and ovo/ia, 'name.' The nomenclature of 
 diseases. 
 
 NOSOPH'YTA, from vocro;, ' disease,' and (pvrov, 
 ' a plant.' A disease supposed to be produced by, 
 or to consist in the development of parasitic 
 plants — as porrigo, mentagra, &c. — Gruby. 
 
 NOSOPCE'US, Nosopoet'icus, from voaoi, 'dis- 
 ease,' and rroiEU), ' I make.' That which causes 
 disease. 
 
 NOSOS, Disease. 
 
 NOSOTAX'Y, Nosotax'ia, from voaoq, 'a dis- 
 ease,' and rafff, 'arrangement.' The distribution 
 and classification of diseases. 
 
 NOSOTHEO'RIA, from vomq, 'disease,' and 
 Seutpia, 'doctrine.' The doctrine or theory of 
 disease. 
 
 NOSTAL'GIA, from vooroj, 'return,' 'a jour- 
 ney home,' and aXyog, 'pain.' Nostoma'nia, Nos- 
 traa'sia, ApodeiniaU yia, Pathopatridal'gia, Puto- 
 jyatridal'gia, PhilopatridaV gia, Philopatridoma' - 
 nia, Adenion'ia, Ademos'yne, Home-sickness, (F.) 
 Nostalgie, Maladi'e du pays. An affection pro- 
 duced by the desire of returning to one's country. 
 It is commonly attended by slow wasting, and 
 sometimes by hectic, which may speedily induce 
 death. M. Pinel properly regards it as a variety 
 of melancholy. 
 
 NOSTOMANIA, Nostalgia. 
 
 NOSTRASSIA, Nostalgia. 
 
 NOSTRILS, Nares. 
 
 NOSTRUM, Arcanum. 
 
 Nostrum, Chittick's. An empirical remedy 
 for s^one in the bladder, said to be a solution of 
 alkali in veal-broth. 
 
 NOTA MATERNA, Navus — n. Primitiva, 
 Groove, primitive. 
 
 NOT^ INFANTUM, Nsevi. 
 
 NOTAL, Dorsal. 
 
 NOTAL'GIA, Notial'gia, {Nostalgia, impro- 
 perly, of Kochlin and others,) from vurof, 'the 
 back,' and aXyo?, ' pain.' Pain in the back. Spinal 
 irritation. 
 
 NOTANENCEPHALIA, see Notencephalus. 
 
 NOTCH, Teut. No eke, Ital. Nocchia, Emar- 
 gina'tio, Emarginatu'ra, (F.) Ecliancritre. A 
 depression or indentation of difi"erent shape and 
 size, observed on the circumference or edges of 
 certain bones. 
 
 Notch of the Concha, Incisura tragica. 
 
 Notch, Ethmoid'al, (F.) Echancrure ethmoi- 
 dale, is situate on the frontal bone, and joins the 
 ethmoid. 
 
 Notches, Ischiat'ic, (F.) Eehanemres Ischia- 
 tiques, are two in number : — the greater and the 
 less. The /o)-we)- is large, situate at the inferior 
 part of the pelvis, and formed by the sacrum and 
 ilium. It gives passage to the sciatic nerve, py- 
 ramidalis muscle, and to the superior gluteal ves- 
 sels and nerves. The latter is much smaller than 
 the other, from which it is separated by the sciatic 
 spine. It gives passage to the tendon of the ob- 
 turator internus, and to the internal pudic vessels 
 and nerves. 
 
 Notch, Parot'id, (F.) Echancrure parotidi- 
 enne, is the triangular space comprised between 
 the parotid edge of the inferior maxillary bone 
 and the mastoid process; so called, because it 
 lodges the parotid gland. The notches in soft 
 parts are generally called Fissures. 
 
 Notch, Scap'ular, Incisu'ra scapida'ris, Lu'~ 
 nula scap'ulcB, (F.) Echancrure seapulairs. The 
 notch on the superior edge or costa of the scapula, 
 which is converted into a foramen by means of a 
 ligament, and gives passage to the suprascapular 
 nerve. 
 
 Notch, Semilunar of the STERNtJif, Four- 
 chette. 
 
 NOTENCEPHALTA, see Notencephalus. 
 
 NOTENCEPH'ALUS, from vcorot, 'the back,' 
 and EyKe(pa\o;, ' the brain.' A monster whose 
 head, with the brain, is on the back. The con- 
 dition is termed Notencepha'lia and Notanen- 
 cepha'lia. — I. G. St. Hiliare. 
 
 NOTHEUSIS, Degeneration. 
 
 NOTHIA, Degeneration. 
 
 NOTHROTES, Torpor. 
 
 NOTHUS, False. 
 
 NOTIiEUS, Dorsal — D. Myelus, Medulla spi- 
 nalis. 
 
 NOTIALGIA, Notalgia. 
 
 NOTOM'ELES, from vutoj, 'the back,' and 
 fitXeo;, 'unprofitable.' A monster with super- 
 fluous flesh on the back. 
 
 NOTOMYELITIS, Myelitis. 
 
 NOTOMYELUS, Medulla spinalis. 
 
 NOTON, Dorsum. 
 
 NOTOS, Dorsum, Vertebral column 
 
 NOUAGE BE LA GORNEE, Caligo. 
 
 NOUE, {Bandage) (F.)_; 'knotted,' from nodus, 
 'a knot.' A bandage which has a considerable 
 number of knots placed over each other. It is 
 made with a roller, 6 or 7 ells long, rolled into 
 two balls, and is used to compress the parotid 
 region, after the extirpation of the parotid gland. 
 
 Also, an epithet applied to children in whom 
 the disease of rickets has swollen the articula- 
 tions. 
 
 It is, likewise, applied to the gout when it has 
 caused nodes on the joints. 
 
 NOUET (F.), Nod'ulus. A bag filled with 
 medicinal substances, and infused in a liquid to 
 communicate their properties to it. 
 
 NOUFFER'S, MADAME, REMEDY, Poly- 
 podium filix mas. 
 
 NOURRIGE, Nurse. 
 
 NOURRICIER, Nutritious. 
 
 NOURRITURE, Aliment. 
 
 NOUS, Intellect. 
 
 NOVURE, Rachitis. 
 
 NOUVEAU-NE (F.), ('new-born,') Neona'- 
 tus, nuperrime Natns, Neog'enes, Neog'iles, Neog'- 
 ilus, Neog'onus, Neog'nus, Infans recens natus. 
 That which has been just born. A new-born 
 infant. 
 
 NOVACULA, Razor. 
 
 NOW, Vertex. 
 
NOYAU 
 
 638 
 
 NUTRITIOUS 
 
 iV^OF^C/, see Cytoblast. 
 NOYAU CENTRAL JOES PEDONCULES 
 DU GERVELET, Corpus dentatum. 
 
 NO YER, Juglans regia — n. de Ceylon, Adha- 
 toda. 
 
 NOYRIS, Nurse. 
 
 NUAGE, Nebula. 
 
 NUBECULA, Enreoreraa, Nebula. 
 
 NUBBS, Enseoretna, Nebula. 
 
 NU'BILB, Nu'hilis, 'marriageable,' 'fit to 
 marry.' Generally, the period of puberty is con- 
 sidered to be the age at which both sexes are 
 nubile. They are truly nubile, however, only 
 when they are fitted to procreate healthy and 
 vigorous children, and are competent to discharge 
 their duties as parents. 
 
 NUBIL'ITY, Nuhil'itaa, (F.) Nuhilite ; same 
 etymon. The state of being nubile or marriage- 
 able. 
 
 NUBILOSUS, Nepheloid. 
 
 NUCES AQUATIC.E, see Trapa natans— n. 
 Querciis, see Quercus alba. 
 
 NUCHA, Jn'ium, Nucha cup'itis, (F.) Nuque. 
 The ntike, hinder part or nape of the neck, 
 (Prov.) Niddick. The part where the spinal 
 marrow begins. 
 
 Ligamen'tum Nuchce. A strong ligament from 
 the neck, proceeding from one spinous process to 
 another, and inserted into the occipital bone. It 
 is very strong in quadrupeds. It is called in 
 them Paxyicaxy, Paxwax, Packioax, formerly, 
 Faxioav, and Taxwax. 
 
 NUCHAL RE'GION, Re'gio nnchcB seu mt- 
 cha'Us seu occipita'lis infe'rior, from nucha. The 
 region of the nucha or nape of the neck. 
 
 NUCISTA, see Myristica moschata. 
 
 NUCK, CANAL OF. A small prolongation 
 of the peritoneum often sent into the inguinal 
 canal of the female foetus. So called from Nuck, 
 who first described it. 
 
 NU'CLBATED, Nuclea'tus, from nucleus, 'a 
 kernel.' Having a nucleus or central particle. 
 Applied to the elementary cells of organized tis- 
 sues ; the vital properties of which are seated in 
 tiie nucleus. See Cytoblast. 
 
 NUCLEATED CELL, see Cytoblast. 
 
 NUCLEI CEMBR^, see Pinus Cembra — n. 
 Ossei, Ossification, points of — n. PineiB, see Pinus 
 pinea. 
 
 NUCLEIN, see Globules of the blood. 
 
 NUCLEOLB, see Cytoblast. 
 
 NUCLEOLULE, see Cytoblast. 
 
 NUCLEOLUS, see Cytoblast. 
 
 NUCLEUS, see Cytoblast — n. Blastodermatis, 
 Tache emhryonnaire-~n. Centralis, Corpus denta- 
 tum — n. Cicatriculse, Tache embryonnaire — n. 
 Dentatus, Corpus dentatum — n. Dentis, Dental 
 pulp — n. Encased, Cytoblast — n. Fimbriatus, 
 Corpus dentatum — n. Furunculi, see Furunculus 
 — n. Germinal, see Molecule — n. Germinativus, 
 see Molecule — n. Olivae, Corpus dentatum — n. 
 Ossificationis, Ossification, point of — n. Rhom- 
 boidalis, see Corpus dentatum. 
 
 NUCULA TERRESTRIS, Bunium bulbocas- 
 tanum. 
 
 NUKE, Nucha. 
 
 NULE-KNEED, Entogonyancon. 
 
 NUMERICAL METHOD, se'e Method, nume- 
 rical. 
 
 NUM'MULAR, Nummula'rie. Relating to 
 money, from nummtis, 'money.' An epithet ap- 
 plied to the sputa in phthisis, when they flatten 
 at the bottom of the vessel, like a piece of money, 
 and to the mode of aggregation of the red cor- 
 puscles of the blood — 'nummular rolls.' 
 
 NUMMULARIA, Lysimachia nummularia. 
 
 NUMPOST, Abscess. 
 
 NUPHAR AD'VENA, NymphcB'a ad'vena. 
 Yellow Pond Lily, Spatterdock. Order, Nym- 
 
 pheaceae ; indigenous in Canada and the United 
 States. The root is a popular tonic, and the 
 fresh root bruised is applied as a cataplasm. 
 
 NuPHAR LuTEUM, Nymphsea lutea. 
 
 NUQUE, Nucha. 
 
 NURICE, Nurse. 
 
 NURSE, Sax. nopice, Nutrix, (from nourish, 
 itself from nutrire,) Tithe' ne, Trephou'sa, Lac- 
 tans, Lac'ticans, Nu'triens, Thelas'tria, Mamma, 
 (I.) Nutrice, (F.) Nourrice, (Se.) Noyris, Noryes, 
 Nurice, Norice. One who suckles her own child 
 or another's. Also, one that has the care of a 
 sick person. Care-taker, (F.) Garde-malade. 
 
 Nurse, Dry. One who gives every care to a 
 child, but does not suckle it. 
 
 Nurse, Monthly. One who attends a woman 
 during the month of her parturient state. 
 
 Nurse, Wet, (Sc.) Milkwoman. A female, 
 who suckles the child of another. 
 
 To 'nurse artificially,' is to bring up a child by 
 the hand. 
 
 NUS, Intellect. 
 
 NUSUS, Disease. 
 
 NUT, BRAZILIAN, see Pichurim beans — n. 
 Butter, Juglans cinerea — n. Cembros, see Pinus 
 cembra — n. Clearing, Strychnos potatorum — n. 
 French, Juglans regia — n. Para, see Pichurim 
 beans — n. Physic, Jatropha curcas — n. Pine, see 
 Pinus picea — n. Pistachio, see Pistacia vera — n. 
 Poison, see Strychnos nux vomica — n. Purging, 
 see Jatropha and Croton tiglium — n. Rattle, Ne- 
 lumbium luteum — n. Sassafras, see Pichurim 
 beans — n. Soap, see Sapindus saponaria. 
 
 Nut Tree, Malabar, Adhatoda. 
 
 Nut, Vomic, see Strychnos nux vomica — n. 
 Zirbel, see Pinus picea. 
 
 NUTA'TION, Nuta'tio, from nutare, nutatum, 
 'to nod.' Nodding. Also, a constant oscillation 
 of the head, by which it moves involuntarily in 
 one or more directions. 
 
 NUTATOR CAPITIS, Sterno-cleido-mastoi- 
 deus. 
 
 NUTMEG, see Myristica moschata — n. Butter, 
 see Myristica — n. Flower, Nigella — n. Liver, 
 Liver, nutmeg. 
 
 NUTMEGS. Testes. 
 
 NUTRICATIO, Nutrition. 
 
 NUTRICTER, Nutritious. 
 
 NUTRICIUS, Nutritious. 
 
 NUTRIENS, Aliment, Nurse. 
 
 NUTRIMEN, Aliment. 
 
 NUTRIMEN'TAL, Niitrimenta'lis, Aliment'al, 
 Alimen'tary, Alimenta'lis, (F.) Alimenteux, from 
 mUrim.en, 'aliment.' Having the qualities of food 
 or nutriment. 
 
 NUTRIMENTUM, Aliment, Pabulum. 
 
 NUTRIT"ION, Nutrit"io, Nutrica'tio, Nutri'- 
 tus, Alitu'ra, Threpsis, from nutrire, nutritum, 
 'to nourish.' Nutrition is that function by which 
 the nutritive matter already elaborated by the 
 various organic actions, loses its own nature, and 
 assumes that of the different living tissues, — to 
 repair their losses and maintain their strength. 
 Sometimes the word is used in a more extended 
 signification, to express the whole series of ac- 
 tions by which the two constant movements of 
 composition and decomposition are accomplished, 
 in organized bodies. Nutrition, then, would com- 
 prehend digestion, absorption, respiration, circu- 
 lation, and assimilation ; the latter being nutri- 
 tion, properly so called, and being effected in 
 the intermediate system over the whole of the 
 body, — the cells of the tissues attracting from 
 the blood the elements necessary for their repa- 
 ration. 
 
 Nutrition, Force of, Plastic force. 
 
 NUTRIT"IOUS, Nutric"ius, Nu'tritive, Alib'- 
 ilis, Trophi'mos, Tropho' des, (F.) Nourricier, Nu- 
 tricier, Alihile. Same etymon. Having the 
 
NUTRITIVE 
 
 639 
 
 NYMPHOTOxMY 
 
 quality of nourishing : as nutritious food, nutri- 
 tious lymph, &e. 
 
 Nutritious or Nu'tritive Arteries, (F.) Ar- 
 th'es inttricieres. Arterial branches which enter 
 the foramina nntricia of long bones, and pene- 
 trate to the medullary membrane. 
 
 NU'TRITIVE, Nutritious, {F.)NutriHf. Also, 
 relating to nutrition: hence the '?ii(fr!'<?'re func- 
 tions,' or those that are concerned in nutrition. 
 
 NUTRITUS, Aliment, Nutrition, 
 
 NUTRIX, Mamma, Nurse. 
 
 NUTS, WATER, Nelumbium luteum. 
 
 NUX AROMATICA, see Myristica moschata 
 — n. Avellana, Corylus avellana (nut) — n. Barba- 
 densis, Jatropha curcas — n. Becuiba, Ibicuiba — 
 n. Cathartica Americana, Jatropha curcas — n. 
 Gallte, see Quercus cerris — n. Juglans, Juglans 
 regia — n. Medica, Coco of the Maldives — n. Me- 
 tella, Stryehnos nux vomica — n. Methel, Datura 
 stramonium — n. Moschata, see Myristica mos- 
 chata — n. Myristica, see Myristica moschata — n. 
 Pistacia, see Pistacia vera — n. Unguentaria, see 
 Myristica moschata — n. Vomica, Stryehnos nux 
 vomica. 
 
 NYCTALOPE, see Nyctalopia. 
 
 NYCTALOPEX, see Nyctalopia. 
 
 NYCTALO'PIA, from vuf, vvkto^, 'night,' and 
 oTTTvfiai, '1 see;' Parop'sia Lvcif'uga, Nyctalnpi'- 
 asis, CcB'citas diur'na. Visits noctur'niis, Oxyo'pia, 
 Jlemer-alo'pia (moderns), Amhhjo'pia meridia'na, 
 ffemeralyjjhlo'sis, HemerotyphW sis, Photophoh'ia, 
 Pliotophobophthal'mia, Dyso'pia lu'minis, Vistis 
 a'crior, Nyc'talopy, Dayhlindness, Diur'nal 
 amauro'sis, (F.) Vue nocturne, AreiigJement de 
 Jour. The faculty of seeing during the night, 
 with privation of the faculty during the day. It 
 affects both eyes at once, when idiopathic. Its 
 duration is uncertain, and treatment very obscure. 
 It is, however, a disease of nervous irritability, 
 and one of excitement of the visual nerve in par- 
 ticular. The indications of cure will consequently 
 be — to allay direct irritation in every way; to 
 excite counter-irritation by blisters; and to gra- 
 dually accastom the eye to the impression of 
 light. 
 
 One labouring under this affection is called a 
 Nye' talojie, Nyc'talops, Nyctido'pex. 
 
 Nyctalopia has also been used for night blind- 
 ness. See Hemeralopia. 
 
 NYCTALOPS, see Nyctalopia. 
 
 NYCTALOPY, Nyctalopia. 
 
 NYCTERINUS, Nocturnal. 
 
 NYCTHEMERON, see Dies. 
 
 NYCTHE'MERUM, from i/i>f, vvktbs, 'night,' 
 and 'vfitpa, 'day.' The space of 24 hours, or of 
 a day and night. Certain complaints continue 
 only so long. 
 
 NYCTOBADIA, Somnambulism. 
 
 NYCTOBASIS, Somnambulism. 
 
 NYCT0BATESI3, Somnambulism. 
 
 NYCTOBATIA, Somnambulism. 
 
 NYCTOTYPHLOSIS, Hemeralopia. 
 
 NY'GMA, Wound, punctured. 
 
 NYGMATICUM EMPLASTRUM, Emplas- 
 trum resinse. 
 
 NYMPH A, Clitoris. 
 
 NYMPHjSI, from vv^Kprj, 'a water nymph.' 
 AlcB mino'res seu inter'ncB mino'res clitnr'idis seu 
 mulie'bres mino'res, Oarun'ciilce euticula'res, Cris- 
 ta clitor'idis, Collic'uli vagi'nm, Jfyrtochi'la, 
 Myrtochei'lides, Labia mino'ra seu inter'na seu 
 puden'di mino'ra, (F.) Nyniphes, Petites levres. 
 Two membranous folds, which arise from the 
 lateral parts of the prepuce of the clitoris, and 
 descend on the inner surface of the labia majora; 
 terminating, by becoming gradually thinner, 
 about the middle of the circumference of the ori- 
 fice of the vagina. They are formed each of two 
 folds of the mucous membrane of the vulva; and 
 
 contain, in their substance, a thin layer of spongy 
 erectile tissue. Their use seems to be, — not, as 
 was once supposed, to direct the course of the 
 urine, which notion gave rise to their name, but 
 to favour the elongation and dilatation of the 
 vagina in pregnancy and labour. 
 
 The word vvji<pr), Nympihe, has also been used 
 synonymously with clitoris by Oribasius, Aetius, 
 <tc. 
 
 NYMPH^A ADVENA, Nuphar advena. 
 
 NympHtE'a Alba, Leucony mphce' a, Nenu'pTiar, 
 Microleuconymp)li(B' a, Casta'lia sjoecio'sa, White 
 Water Lily, (Se.) Camhie-leaf, (F.) Nenuphar ou 
 Nenufar hlanc, Lis dee etangs, Lune ou Volant 
 d'Eau. Nat. Ord. Ranunculacese. Sex. Syst. 
 Polyandria Monogynia. Formerly employed as 
 a demulcent, antaphrodisiac, emollient, and 
 slightly anodyne remedy. 
 
 NympHvEA Indica, N. nelumbo — n. Major 
 lutea, N. lutea. 
 
 Nymph^a Ltj'tea, N. major lutea seu umbili- 
 ca'lis, Nuphar lu'teum, Nenu'phar lutea, Nypho- 
 zantJins vnlga'ris, Yelloio Water Lily, (Sc.) Cam- 
 bie-leaf, (F.) Nenuphar jaune. Used for the 
 same purposes as Nympha' a alba. The flowers 
 are called in Norfolk, England, Brandy bottles. 
 
 Nymph^a Neldm'bo, N. In'dica, Faba JEgyp- 
 tiaca, Cy'anus ^gyptiacus, Pontic or JEgyptian 
 Bean. The fruit of this is eaten raw in Egypt 
 and some of the neighbouring countries; and is 
 considered to be tonic and astringent. 
 
 Nymph^'a Opora'ta, Siceet-scented Wafer 
 Lily, Sweet water or White pond or Toad Lily, 
 Cow or Water Cabbage, (F.) Nenuphar odorunt. 
 An indigenous plant, growing in most parts of 
 the United States in fresh water ponds, and on 
 the borders of streams, and having large white, 
 beautiful, sweet-scented flowers. The root is 
 very astringent and bitter. It is sometimes made 
 into a poultice and used as a discutient. 
 
 Nymph^a Umbilicalis, N. lutea. 
 
 NYMPHE, Clitoris. 
 
 NYJIPBES, NymphK. 
 
 NYMPHI'TIS; from vvijupv, 'the clitoris,' and 
 itis, denoting inflammation. Epiderrhi'tis, In- 
 flamma'tio Clitor'idis. Inflammation of the 
 clitoris. 
 
 NYMPHOCLUIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 NY^MPHOMA'NIA, from ru//^;?, 'a bride,' and 
 jiavia, 'fury;' Fv-ror uteri' nus, Uteroma'nia, Lag- 
 ne'sis furor femini'mts, Metroma'nia, ^doeogar' - 
 galus, ^doRogargaris'mus, Thelygon'ia, Erotoma'- 
 nia, ^dcema'nia, Aidoioma'nia, Melancho'lia ute- 
 ri'na, Nymphocln'ia, Syrnpto'ma turpitu'dinis, 
 Androma'nia, Gynmcoma'nia, Maehlos' yne, Ente- 
 lipathi'a, Tenti'go vene'rea, Hysteroma'nia, Sa- 
 lac"itas vulvm, Uteri prxiri'tus, Brachu'na, Aras'- 
 con, Arsa'tum, GEstroma'nia, (F.) Nymphomanie, 
 Fureur uterine. An irresistible and insatiable 
 desire, in females, for the venereal act. It occurs 
 in those particularly, who possess a nervous tem- 
 perament, and vivid imagination, especially if 
 excited by improper language, masturbation, &c. 
 Its course, as described, is as follows. In the 
 commencement, the sufferer is a prey to perpetual 
 contests between feelings of modesty and impetu- 
 ous desires. At an after period, she abandons 
 herself to the latter, seeking no longer to restrain 
 them. In the last stage the obscenity is disgust- 
 ing ; and the mental alienation, for such it is, 
 becomes complete. The treatment consists in the 
 use of the same means as are required in the sa- 
 tyriasis of man. When the mental alienation is 
 complete, solitude is indispensable. 
 
 NY^MPHON'CUS, from j-u^i^T?, ' the nympha,' 
 and oyKog, 'a tumour.' A morbid tumefaction of 
 the nymphse. 
 
 NYMPHOT'OMY, Nymphotom'ia, Nympha'- 
 rum Sec'tio, (F.) Nymphotomie, from wniprj, and 
 
NYPHOZANTHUS VULGARIS 640 
 
 OBLIQUE 
 
 Ttiivtiv, 'to cut.' An operation, known and prac- 
 tised for a long time, which consists in the exci- 
 sion of the nymphas. The operation is had re- 
 course to, when they are attacked with scirrhus, 
 cancer, fungus, or gangrene; or when they are 
 so large as to interfere with walking or coition. 
 Nymphotormj is the circumcision of the female. 
 It is practised in some countries. 
 
 Some authors have used the term NympTiotomy 
 for amputation of the clitoris. 
 
 NYPHOZANTHUS VULGARIS, Nympheea 
 lutea. 
 
 NYSTAG'MUS. A partial rotatory movement 
 of the eyeball from side to side. Also, Coma 
 vigil. 
 
 NYXIS, Puncture. 
 
 0. 
 
 OAK, BLACK, Quercus tinctoria — o. Common, 
 Quercus robur — o. Jerusalem, Chenopodium 
 botrys. 
 
 Oak Lungs, Lichen pulmonarius. 
 Oak Orchard Acid Springs. These springs 
 — eight in number — are in Genesee county, New 
 York, eight miles from Lockport. They are acid 
 salines, consisting of free sulphuric acid, sulphate 
 of protoxide of iron, and sulphates of alumina, 
 magnesia and lime. They are powerfully astrin- 
 gent and tonic. 
 
 Oak, Poison, Rhus toxicodendron — o. Red, 
 Quercus rubra montana — o. Sea, Fucus vesiculo- 
 sus — 0. Spanish, Quercus rubra montana — o. 
 White, Quercus alba. 
 
 OARIOCYESIS, Pregnancy, ovarian. 
 
 OARION, Ovary. 
 
 OARION'CUS, Oariophi/'ma, Ova'rium tu'tni- 
 dum, Tumor Ova'rii, from waptov, (diminutive of 
 iiiov, 'an egg,') 'the ovarium,' and oyxos, 'swell- 
 ing.' Ovarian tumour. 
 
 OARIOPAREC'TAMA, OopTioratix'e, from 
 wapiov, 'ovarium,' and napsKrttvsiv, 'to extend.' 
 Enlargement of the ovary. 
 
 OARIORRHEX'IS, from wapiov, 'ovarium,' 
 and pn^i;, 'rupture.' Ruptu'ra Ova'rii. Rupture 
 of the ovary. 
 
 OARIOT'OMY, Oarioiom'ia, Ovariotom'ia, 
 Ovariot'omy, from oiapiov, 'the ovarium,' and To/itj, 
 ' incision.' The operation for removing the ovary. 
 
 OARI'TIS, Oophori'tis, Oori'tis, Inflamma'tio 
 Ova'rii, Ovari'tis, (F.) Jnfla7iimation de VOvaire, 
 from aapLov, 'the ovarium,' and itis, the termina- 
 tion denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 ovarium. When occurring in childhood, it is the 
 LoehoopJinritis of some. 
 
 OARIUM, Ovary. 
 
 OARTHROC'ACE, formed by contraction from 
 omo-arthrocace. Said to be used by Rust to de- 
 signate inflammation of the seapulo-humeral ar- 
 ticular surfaces. — Nysten. 
 
 OATMEAL, see Avena. 
 
 OATS, Avena. 
 
 OBAUDITIO, Baryecoia. 
 
 OBAUDITUS, Baryecoia. 
 
 OBC^CATIO, Caecitas. 
 
 OBDORMIT"IO, from oh, and dormio, dormi- 
 tum, 'to sleep.' The state of the limbs being 
 asleep ; — Stupor ar'tuxim. 
 
 OBDUCTIO LEGALIS, Autopsia cadaverica 
 legalis. 
 
 OBEL^A RAPHE, Sagittal suture. 
 
 OBESITAS, Polysarcia— 0. Colli, Struma adi- 
 posa — o. Nimia, Pimelosis — o. Viscerum, Phys- 
 conia adiposa. 
 
 OBESITE, Polysarcia. 
 
 OBESITY, Polysarcia. 
 
 OBESUS, Corpulent. 
 
 OBFUSCATIO, Amaurosis. 
 
 OBITUS, Death. 
 
 OBJECT'IVE CONE. The cone of light pro- 
 
 ceeding from an object, the apex of which is on 
 the object, and the base on the cornea. 
 
 Ob.tective Sensations, see Sensation. 
 
 OBLINITIO, Inunction. 
 
 OBLIQUE', Obli'quus, Any thing inclined, or 
 which deviates from the vertical line. Anato- 
 mists have given this name to certain muscles, 
 which have an oblique direction as regards the 
 plane that divides the body into two equal and 
 symmetrical halves. These are: — 
 
 Oblique Muscles of the Abdomen. They 
 are two in number, and distinguished into : 1. 
 Obltquus Exter'nus Ahdom'inia seu descen'dens 
 exter'nns seu descendens seu major, (F.) Ilio-puho 
 costo-ahdom'inal, Costo-abdom'inal (Ch.), Grand 
 oblique. Oblique externe. One of the broadest 
 muscles of the body. It is situate at the lateral 
 and anterior part of the abdomen ; and is flat and 
 quadrilateral. It is attached, above, to the outer 
 surface and lower edge of the 7 or 8 last ribs : 
 below, to the anterior third of the external lip of 
 the crista ilii : before, it terminates at the linea 
 alba by means of a broad and strong aponeurosis, 
 which covers the rectus, and presents towards its 
 inferior part two very solid fibrous fasciculi, 
 which are inserted, — the one at the symphysis, 
 the other at the spine of the pubis, — under the 
 name of Pillars of the Abdominal JRiiig. These 
 pillars leave between them an opening, which 
 forms the inferior orifice of the inguinal canal. 
 The obliquus externus abdominis depresses the 
 ribs, and carries them backwards during a strong 
 expiration. It impresses on the chest a move- 
 ment of rotation, and bends the thorax upon the 
 pelvis, and conversely. It contracts, also, the ab- 
 dominal cavity. 2. Obliquus Inter'nua Abdomi- 
 nis seu ascendena seu minor seu internus seu 
 ascendens internus, Mus' cuius accli'vis, (F.) Ih'o- 
 lombo-costo-abdoninal,]lio-abdominal {Ch.), Mus- 
 cle petit oblique ou oblique interne, is broad, espe- 
 cially before; thin, and irregularly quadrilateral, 
 like the preceding, beneath which it is situate. 
 It is attached, above, to the inferior edge of the 
 cartilages of the 5th, 4th, 3d, and 2d false ribs; 
 below, to the anterior two-thirds of the interstice 
 of the crista ilii, to the posterior part of the crural 
 arch, and to the pubis; behind, to the spinous 
 processes of the last two lumbar vertebrae, and to 
 those of the first two portions of the sacrum ; be- 
 fore, to the linea alba. Its upper fibres run obli- 
 quely upwards and forwards ; the middle are 
 horizontal; and the lower pass obliquely down- 
 wards and forwards. 
 
 These last, in the male, are dragged down 
 through the inguinal ring, when the testicle de- 
 j scends, and form the two fasciculi of the ore- 
 master. 
 
 The obliquus internus resembles the 0. exter- 
 nus in function. 
 
 Oblique Muscles of the Eye, Amato'rii, Ctr- 
 cumagen'tes, Rotato'rea Oe'uli, are two in number. 
 
OBLIQUE EXTERNE 
 
 641 
 
 OBTURATOR 
 
 They are distinguished into: 1. Ohliqiins Superior 
 Oculi, Amato'rius mus'culus, Trochlea' ria, Troch- 
 lea'tor, Ohliquus major. Oircumditctio'nis op'i/ex, 
 Longis'simits oc'uli, (F.) Optico-troclihi ecleroti- 
 cien, Grand trocTileateur (Ch.), Grand oblique de 
 I'ocll, 0. siiperieur de I'ceil, Amoureiix (Muscle,) is 
 situate at the inner and upper part of the orbit. 
 It is small, round, fusiform, and reflected upon 
 itself in the middle of its course. Behind, it is 
 attached to the inside of the foramen opticum ; 
 and when it arrives opposite the internal orbitar i 
 process, it becomes a small, round tendon, which 
 slides in a cartilaginous pulley fixed to the os 
 frontis, and is reflected, at an acute angle, to pro- 
 ceed downwards and outwards, and to attach 
 itself to the outer and back part of the globe of 
 the eye. This muscle carries the globe of the eye 
 forwards and inwards; making it experience a 
 movement of rotation, which directs the pupil 
 downwards and inwards. This is conceived to be 
 an involuntary muscle as well as the next. In 
 sleep, according to Sir C. Bell, when the power 
 over the straight or voluntary muscles of the 
 organ is nearly lost, the eye is given up to the 
 oblique muscles, which lodge the transparent cor- 
 nea under the upper eyelid. At the approach of 
 death, the same thing is observable; hence, the 
 turning up of the eye, at such time, is not an 
 evidence of agony or suffering, but of insensibi- 
 lity. 2. Ohli'qnns Infe'rior seu minor oculi, (F.) 
 3faxillo-scleroticien, Petit Trochleateur (Ch.), 
 Petit oblique ou oblique inferieur de I'ceil, is situ- 
 ate at the anterior and inferior part of the orbit. 
 It is flat and attached to the inner and anterior 
 part of the orbitar surface of the superior maxil- 
 lary bone, on the outside of the lachrymal gutter; 
 from thence it passes outwards and backwards, 
 and terminates by an aponeurosis, at the poste- 
 rior and inner part of the globe of the eye. It 
 carries the globe of the eye inwards and forwards ; 
 and directs the pupil upwards and outwards. 
 
 Obijque Muscles of the Head. These are 
 two in number. 1. Obliqnus Superior seu minor 
 Cap'itis, (F.) Trachelo-atloido-oceipifal, Atlo'ido- 
 sous-masto'idien (Ch.), Muscle oblique siiperieur ou 
 ])etit oblique de la tete. This muscle is situate at 
 the sides of, and behind, the articulation of the 
 head: it is flat and attached, on the one hand, to 
 the top of the transverse process of the atlas ; and, 
 on the other, terminates at the occipital bone, be- 
 neath the inferior curved line, and sometimes, 
 also, at the mastoid region of the temporal bone. 
 It extends the head, — inclining it to one side. 2. 
 Obliquus Inferior Capitis, Obliquns major, (P.) 
 Spini-axoido-tracheli-atlo'idien, Axoido-atloidien 
 (Ch.), Oblique inferieur ou grand oblique de la 
 tete, is situate at the posterior part of the neck 
 and head. It is round, fusiform ; attached to the 
 spinous process of the axis, and proceeds to ter- 
 minate behind and below the summit of the trans- 
 verse process of the atlas. It impresses, on the 
 first vertebra and the head, a movement of rota- 
 tion, which turns the face to one side. 
 Oblique Processes, see Vertebrae. 
 OBLIQUE EXTERNE, Obliquus externus 
 abdominis — o. Grand, Obliquus externus abdo- 
 minis — o. Grand de I'ceil, Obliquus superior ocu- 
 li — o. Grand de la tite, Obliquus inferior capitis 
 — o. Inferieur de I'ceil, Obliquus inferior oculi — 
 o. Inferieur de la tete, Obliquus inferior capitis — 
 o. hUerne, Obliquus internus abdominis — o. Petit, 
 Obliquus internus abdominis — o. Petit de I'ceil, 
 Obliquus inferior oculi — o. Petit de la tite, Obli- 
 quus superior oculi — o. Superieur de I'oeil, Obli- 
 quus superior oculi — o. Superieur de la tete, Obli- 
 quus superior capitis. 
 
 OB LI QUITE DE LA MATRICE, Retrover- 
 sio uteri. 
 
 OBLIQUUS ASCENDENS, 0. internus abdo- 
 4], 
 
 minis — o. Auris, Laxator tympani — o. Descen- 
 dens externus, 0. externus abdominis— o. Major, 
 0. externus abdominis, 0. inferior capitis, 0. su- 
 perior oculi — o. Minor, 0. internus abdominis — 
 o. Minor capitis, 0. superior capitis — o. Minor 
 oculi, 0. inferior oculi. 
 
 OBLIT'ERATED, OUitera'tus ; from obUte- 
 rare, (ob, and litera,) 'to efface.' A vessel or 
 duct is said to be obliterated, when its parietes 
 have approximated and contracted such an adhe- 
 sion to each other that the cavity has completely 
 diappeared. 
 
 OBLITERATIO COMPLETA, Hapantismus. 
 OBLIVIO, Amnesia — o. Iners, Lethargy. 
 OBLOBIUM, Antilobium. 
 
 OB'OLUS, Onulosat. A weight of 9 or 10 grains. 
 OBSCCEN^ PARTES. Genital organs. 
 OBSCURCISSEMENT DE LA VUE, Caligo. 
 OBSBRVA'TION, Observa'tio, (from ob, and 
 servare, servatum, 'to keep,' e. g. in sight.) Tere'- 
 sis, Symparatere' sis. Act of examining a thing 
 by means of the external senses. This word is 
 employed in several acceptations. It expresses 
 — 1. The action of observing — 2. The aggregate 
 of knowledge, afforded by observation. In French 
 — but not in English — it means the case or his- 
 tory of the phenomena presented by a patient in 
 the course of a disease. 
 
 OBSERVATION, Case — o. Method of, Nu- 
 merical method. 
 
 OBSTET'RIC, Obsfct'ricus, Obstct'rical; same 
 etymon as obstetrics. Relating or appertaining 
 to obstetrics, — as 'obstetric auscultation,' 'obstet- 
 ric exploration,' &o. 
 
 Obstetrtc Chair, Labour-chair. 
 OBSTETRICANS, Accoucheur. 
 OBSTET'RICS, from Obstetrix. 'a midwife.' 
 (obsture,ob, and stare, 'to stand before.') Tolcol'- 
 ogy, Tocol'ofjy, 3Iaiei'a, 3faeei'a, Maei'a, Jlfaeeu'- 
 tica ars, Ars obstetric"ia, Obstet'ricy, (F.) 06- 
 sfetriqne. The iirt of midwifery. Midwifery 
 in general. 
 
 OBSTETRICY, Obstetrics. 
 OBSTETRIQUE, Obstetrics. 
 OBSTETRIX, Midwife. 
 
 OBSTIPATIO, Constipation— 0. Tenesmus, 
 Tenesmus. 
 
 Oestipatio, see Hump. 
 
 OBSTIPITAS, Torticollis— 0. Capitis seu Colli, 
 Torticollis. 
 
 OBSTRUCTIO, Emphraxis, Stegnosis— o. A!- 
 vi. Constipation — o. Ductfls Alimentarii, Consti- 
 pation — o. Ducttis Stenoniani, Stenostenosis — 
 o. Intestinalis, Constipation — o. Recti Spastica, 
 Stricture of the Rectum, spasmodic — o. Pulmo- 
 num pituitosa febrilis. Peripneumonia notha. 
 
 OBSTRUCTION OF THE INTESTINES, 
 Enteremphraxis. 
 
 OB'STRUENS, from olstrvo, (ob, and struere, 
 'to build,) 'I stop up by building against' Op- 
 pilati'vns. A medicine which closes the orifices 
 of ducts or vessels. 
 
 OBSTUPEFACIENTIA, Narcotics. 
 OBTONDANT, Obtundens. 
 OBTRUNCATIO, Decollation. 
 OBTUMESCENTIA, Mutitas. 
 OBTUN'DENS, (F.) Obtondant, from obtun- 
 dere, (ob and tundere, ' to beat,') ' to beat against,' 
 and therefore to blunt the edge. An epithet ap- 
 plied to remedies that were supposed, ac-eording 
 to an erroneous theory, to be possessed of the 
 power of blunting the acrimony of the humours. 
 A demulcent is one of these. 
 
 OBTURAMENTUM, Emphragma. 
 OBTURATEUR, Obturator. 
 OBTURATEUR DU PALAIS, Palate, arti- 
 ficial. 
 
 OBTURATIO, Emphraxis. 
 
 OBTURA'TOR, Obturato'rius, (F.) Obturateur, 
 
OBTURATOR ARTERY 
 
 642 
 
 OCCIPITAL 
 
 from obturare, (akin to ^vpa, 'a door,'[?]) 'to 
 close,' ' stop up the entrance.' A name given in 
 anatomy, to several parts. 
 
 Obturator Artery, Arteria ohturato'ria seu 
 ohtura'trix, (F.) Sous-pubio femorale (Ch.), Artere 
 obtiiratrice, arises, most commonly, from the hy- 
 pogastric. It is, however, frequently given off 
 from the epigastric ; a matter of importance to be 
 determined in cases of femoral hernia. Of 500 
 obturator arteries examined by M. J. Cloquet, 
 ;-i40 were furnished by the hypogastric, and 152 
 by the epigastric or crural. When it arises from 
 the hypogastric, it passes forwards and outwards, 
 and then turns horizontally into the cavity of the 
 pelvis, to issue from this cavity by the opening 
 left at the upper part of the obturator membrane. 
 When, on the contrary, the obturator artery 
 arises from the epigastric or the crural, it de- 
 scends obliquely inwards, behind the os pubis, 
 to the obturator foramen. At its exit from the 
 pelvis, the artery divides into two branches, a 
 posterior and an anterior, which are distributed 
 to the muscles of the anterior and superior part 
 of the thigh. 
 
 Obtura'tor Fora'mp:n, Fora'men Obturato'- 
 riuni seu obtura'tmn seu i iifra-pnbia' iiinn seu 
 ova'le seu thyroideum. seu Thyroi' des seu Amplmn 
 Pelvis, (F.) Trou souH-piibien. A large opening, 
 of an oval or triangular form, in the anterior part 
 of the OS innominatum, on the outside of the sym- 
 physis pubis and beneath the horizontal ramus 
 of the OS pubis. This foramen is closed by a 
 membranous ligament. 
 
 Obturator Ligament or Membrane, Sub- 
 pubic membrane, is a fibrous membrane, fixed to 
 the whole circumference of the obturator fora- 
 men, except above, where an opening remains for 
 the passage of the vessels and nerves of the same 
 name. 
 
 Obturator Muscles, Obtttrato'ree, Rotato'res 
 fem'oris. These are two in number. They are 
 divided into 
 
 a. Obturator Exter'nus, Extra-pelvio-pubi-tro- 
 t^hantSrien, Sous-pubio-troehanterien externe (Ch.) 
 A muscle, situate at the anterior and inner part 
 of the thigh. It is broad, flat, and triangular; 
 and is attached, on the one hand, to the anterior 
 surface of the os pubis, to that of the ischium, 
 and to the anterior surface of the obturator liga- 
 ment. Its fleshy fibres converge to the tendon, 
 which proceeds to be inserted at the inferior part 
 of the cavity of the great trochanter. This mus- 
 cle rotates the thigh outwards. 
 
 b. Obturator Inter'nm; Marsupia'lis, Snrsa'lis, 
 Intra-peivio-trochanterien, Sous-pubio-troehante- 
 rien interne (Ch.) is seated, almost entirely, in the 
 pelvis. It arises from the inner surface of the 
 obturator ligament, and from the posterior part 
 
 ■ of the circumference of the obturator foramen, 
 and is inserted, by means of a strong tendon, 
 running between the two portions of the gemini, 
 into the cavity at the root of the great trochan- 
 ter; after having turned upon the ischium, which 
 forms for it a kind of pulley. This muscle also 
 rotates the thigh outwards. 
 
 Obturator Nerve, Sous-pubio-femoral, (Ch.), 
 proceeds principally from the 2d and 3d lumbar 
 nerves. It descends into the pelvis; gains the 
 obturator foramen ; gives branches to the obtu- 
 rator muscles, and divides, behind the abductor 
 primus and pectinalis, into two branches; one 
 anterior, whose branches are distributed to the 
 first two adductors, gracilis, and integuments; 
 the other, posterior, distributing its ramifications 
 to the obturator externus and third adductor. 
 
 Obturator Vein has, ordinarily, the same ar- 
 rangement as the artery. It is common, however, 
 to find it arising from the epigastric; whilst the 
 
 corresponding artery proceeds from the hypogas- 
 tric, and conversely. 
 
 The term obturator, (F.) Obtiirafeur, is, also, 
 applied to an instrument, adapted for closing an 
 opening caused by a wound or disease. 
 OBTURATORES, Obturator muscles. 
 OBVOLVENTIA, Demulcents. 
 OCA, Oxalis tuberosa. 
 OCC^CATIO, Csecitas. 
 
 OCCIP'ITAL, Oceipita'lis. That which be 
 longs to the occiput. 
 
 Occipital Artery. This arises from the pos- 
 terior part of the external carotid, beneath the 
 parotid. It proceeds backwards, passes between 
 the mastoid process and the transverse process 
 of the atlas; reaches the occipital bone and di- 
 vides into two branches, which may be called 
 ascending posterior and anterior, and are distri- 
 buted to the neighbouring muscles and ligaments. 
 OcciP'iTAL Bone, Os occip'itis seu occipit'ii seu 
 occipiita'Je seu spheno-basila' re seu memo'ricB seu 
 nervo'sum seu basila're seu prorm seu pyx'idis seu 
 sextum cra'nii seu lambdoi'des seu lambda seu 
 laudoB seu pnppis seu nervo'sum sen fibro' sum seu 
 pelvicephal' icum, (F.) Os occipital, is situate at 
 the posterior and inferior part of the cranium, 
 which it assists in forming. It is flat, symmetri- 
 cal, and curved upon itself. It presents, 1. An 
 occipital or posterior surface, which is convex, 
 and has, upon the median line, the basilary sur- 
 face, ihe foramen magnum, through which passes 
 the spinal marrow with its membranes and ves- 
 sels, — the external occipital crest, the external oc- 
 cipital protuberance ; and, at the sides, the upper 
 curved line, large rough arched ridge or transverse 
 arch or linea semicircularis, the lower curved line, 
 the posterior condyloid fossas, the condyles for the 
 articulation of this bone with the atlas; and the 
 anterior condyloid fossa, pierced by a foramen 
 for the passage of the ninth pair of nerves. 2. A 
 cerebral or anterior surface. On the median line 
 are: the basilary fossa, the inner orifice of the 
 foramen magnum, the internal occipital crest, the 
 internal occij}ital protuberance, the cruciform 
 spine; a channel, which lodges the termination 
 of the straight sinus, and on each side, the occi- 
 pital fossa, distinguished into superior or cere- 
 bral, and inferior or cerehelhiiis, and separated by 
 a groove which lodges the lateral sinus. 3. The 
 surfaces of the occipital bone are separated by 
 four ridges and four angles. The two superior 
 edges are articulated with the parietal bones ; the 
 two lower join the temporal ; and the anterior 
 angle, under the name basilary process, is united 
 to the sphenoid. 
 
 The occipital bone is developed from four 
 points of ossification ; and sometimes from a 
 greater number. 
 
 Occipital Muscle, Oceipita'lis. Many ana- 
 tomists have given this name to the posterior 
 fasciculus of the occipito-frontalis. 
 
 Occipital Nerve, Sub-occipital nerve, (F.) 
 Premiere paire trachelienne (Ch.), Nerf occipital 
 ou sows occipital. It arises from the upper part 
 of the spinal marrow by eight or ten filaments, 
 united in two fasciculi. Thus formed, it passes 
 between the foramen magnum and the posterior 
 arch of the atlas; and, at this place, forms a long 
 ganglion, afterwards dividing into two branches. 
 Of these, the anterior, which is long and small, 
 makes a turn above the transverse process of the 
 atlas and forms an anastomotic noose with a 
 branch of the second cervical nerve. The poste- 
 rior branch, larger and shorter, divides into seven 
 or eight branches, which are distributed to the 
 muscles of the upper and back part of the neck. 
 Occipital Region, Occiput. 
 Occipital Vein. Its roots follow exactly the 
 course of the branches of the artery, and unite 
 
OCCIPITIUM 
 
 643 
 
 OCYTOCUS 
 
 into a single trunk, whicli opens into tbe internal 
 jugular vein, and sometimes into the external. 
 OCCIPITIUM, Occiput. 
 
 OCCIP'ITO-AT'LOID, Oceipiio-atloideus, (F.) 
 Occipito-atloidien. That which has reference to 
 the occiput and atlas. 
 
 Oocipito-Atloid Articulation is the articu- 
 lation of the condyles of the occipital bone with 
 the superior articular cavities of the atlas. It is 
 strengthened by two ligaments; the one anterior, 
 the other posterior, called occipito-atloid liga- 
 ments: the one extends from the anterior, the 
 other from the posterior, arch of the atlas, to the 
 corresponding portion of the circumference of the 
 foramen magnum. 
 
 OCCIP'lfO-AX'OID, Oceipito-axoideus, (F.) 
 Occipito-axoidien. That which relates to the 
 occipital bone and the axis or second vertebra. 
 
 OcciPiTO-AXOiD Articulatio>t is the connex- 
 ion of the occipital bone with the axis or second 
 vertebra, although these bones are not really ar- 
 ticulated, but are merely retained in apposition 
 by three strong ligaments, the posterior of which 
 is called the oceipito-axoid, and the two others 
 odontoid. 
 
 OCCIPITO-FRONTA'LTS, Bigas'tricus cra'- 
 nii, Epicra'niua, Fronta'lis et occipitalis. The 
 majority of anatomists call by this name the 
 whole of the fleshy plane, with the epicranial or 
 coronal aponeurosis, (see Calotte,) which covers 
 the head from the occiput to the forehead. It is 
 attached, by its posterior fasciculus, to the two 
 outer thirds of the upper curved line of the occi- 
 pital bone, and to the outer surface of the mas- 
 toid portion of the temporal ; and, by its anterior 
 fasciculus, it terminates at the eyebrow, where it 
 becomes confounded with the superciliaris, pyra- 
 midalis nasi, and orbicularis palpebrarum. 
 
 The occipito-frontalis, by the contraction of its 
 anterior fasciculus, draws forward a part of the 
 integuments of the cranium. It wrinkles the 
 skin of the forehead transversely, and may, also 
 contribute to open the eye by its decussation with 
 the orbicularis palpebrarum. The posterior fas- 
 ciculus of the muscle draws backwards a part of 
 the skin of the cranium, and assists in stretching 
 the common aponeurosis. 
 
 OCCIP'ITO-MENINGE'AL. That which be- 
 longs to the occipital bone, and to the meninge 
 or dura mater. 
 
 OcciPiTO-MENiNGEAL Artery, in Chaussier's 
 nomenclature, is a branch of the vertebral, given 
 off to the dura mater at its entrance into the 
 cranium. 
 
 OCCIPUT, Occijnt'ium {oh, and caput), Regio 
 occipita'lis, In'ion, Opistliocra' ilium, Opisthoceph'- 
 alon, Hysterocra' 7iium, Prora, Occipi'tium. The 
 back part of the head, formed by the occipital 
 bone. 
 
 Occiput, Soft, Craniotabes. 
 OCCLU'SION, Occlu'sio, Myee, from occln- 
 dere, occlnsum, 'to shut up.' Sometimes this 
 word signifies, simply, the transient approxima- 
 tion of the edges of a natural opening — the oc- 
 clusion of the eyelids, for example ; at others it 
 is synonymous with imperforation, as occlusion 
 of the pupil, vagina, &o. 
 
 OCCULT DISEASES, see Latent. 
 OCEAN SPRINGS, see Mississippi, Mineral 
 waters of. 
 
 OCHEMA, Vehicle. 
 OCHETEUMATA, Nares. 
 OCHETOS, Canal. 
 OCHEUS, Scrotum. 
 
 OCHLE'SIS, from ox>o;, 'a crowd.' A term, 
 applied by Dr. George Gregory to a morbid con- 
 dition induced by the crowding together of sick 
 persons under one roof. 
 
 OCHREA RUBRA, Hematites. 
 
 OCHRIASIS, Paleness. 
 
 OCHROMA. Paleness. 
 
 OCHROPYRA, Fever, yellow. 
 
 OCHROTES. Paleness. 
 
 OCHROTYPHUS, Fever, yellow. 
 
 OCHTHIASIS, Mollascum. 
 
 OCHTHODES, Cnllous. 
 
 OCIMUM ADSCENDENS, 0. Basilicum. 
 
 Oci'mum Basil'icum, 0. adscen' dens seu pilo'- 
 sum seu racemo'sum seu citra'tum, Beren'daros, 
 Basil'icum, B. ma-jus seu citra'tiim, Common or 
 Citron basil, (F.) Basilic commun ; iZici/iov, from 
 uKiij, 'swift,' owing to its swift growth. Nat. 
 Ord. Labiatas. Sex. Syst. Didynamia Gymno- 
 spermia. This herb has a fragrant odour and 
 aromatic taste. It is used as a condiment, and 
 has been supposed to possess nervine properties. 
 
 OciMUJl Caryophylla'tum, 0. min'imum, 
 Small or Bush basil. Possesses properties similar 
 to the former. It is sometimes used as snuff. 
 
 OciMiTji CiTRATUir, 0. Basilicum — o. Pilosum, 
 0. Basilicum— o. Racemosum, 0. Basilicum. 
 
 OCOTEA AMARA, Nectandra cymbarum— o. 
 Cymbarum, Nectandra cymbarum — o. Pichurim, 
 see Pichurim beans — o. Puchury, see Pichurim 
 beans. 
 
 OCREA, Hippocampus minor. Shin. 
 
 OCTA'NA, Hebdomadn'ria, Fehris hehdoma- 
 da'ria, from octo, 'eight.' A fever whose parox- 
 ysms recur every week : — a supposititious case. 
 
 OCTA'RIUS. A pint. The eighth part of a 
 wine-gallon. Same etymon. It contains six- 
 teen fluidounces (Ph. U. S.), — 20 fiuidounces im- 
 perial measure. 
 
 OCTOPUS, Synapheocephalus, Hemipnges. 
 
 OCTUNX, from octo, 'eight,' and uncia, 'an 
 ounce.' A weight of eight ounces. 
 
 OCULAR, Ocida'ris, (F.) Oculaire, from oc«- 
 lus, 'an eye.' Of or belonging to the eye. 
 
 Ocular Cone. The cone formed within the 
 eye by a pencil of rays proceeding from an ob- 
 ject; the base of the cone being on the cornea, 
 — the apex on the retina. 
 
 OCULARES COxMMUNES, Motores oculorum 
 — 0. Dentes. Canine teeth. 
 
 OCULARIA, Euphrasia officinalis. 
 OCULI MARMARYGODES, Metamorphop- 
 sia — o. Palpebrarum scabies pruriginosa. Oph- 
 thalmia tarsi. 
 
 OCULIST, Oculis'ta, Ophthalmia' ter, Med'icua 
 ocnla'rius seu ophthaV micus, from ocuhis, 'an 
 eye.' One who occupies himself, chiefly, with the 
 management of diseases of the ej'e. 
 OCULISTFQUE. Ophthalmology. 
 OCULO-MUSCULAR NERVES, COMMON, 
 Motores oculorum. 
 
 OCULUM MOVENS PRIMUS, Rectus inter- 
 nus oculi — o. Movens quartus, Rectus inferior 
 oeuli — 0. Movens secundus, Rectus externus oculi 
 — 0. Movens tertius, Rectus superior oculi. 
 
 OCULUS, Eye — o. Bovinus, Hydrophthalmia 
 
 — 0. Bovis, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum — o. 
 Bubulus, Hydrophthalmia — o. Cassius, Glaucoma 
 
 — 0. Duplex, Binoculus — o. Elephantinus, Hy- 
 drophthalmia — o. Genu, Patella — o. Lacrymans, 
 Epiphora — o. Purulentus, Hypopyon — o. Sim- 
 plex, see Monoculus — o. Typhonis, Seilla. 
 
 OCYMUM, see Ocimum — o. Sylvestre, Clino- 
 podium vulgare. 
 
 OCYODYNIC, Ocytocic. 
 
 OCYPH'ONUS, from ok-u?, 'quick,' and (povoi, 
 'murder.' An agent that kills speedily. 
 
 OCYTOCEUS, Ocytocic. 
 
 OCYTOCIC, Oxytocic, Ocytoc'eus, Ocytoc'itia, 
 Ocyf'ocus, Ocyody'nic, Odinago'gus, from o|wf, 
 ' quick,' and roKsg, ' labour.' Any thing that ex- 
 pedites parturition. 
 
 OCYTOCIUS, Ocytocic. 
 
 OCYTOCUS, Ocytocic. 
 
OD 
 
 644 
 
 ODONTRYPT 
 
 OD. A term, employed by Reiclien'bach to 
 designate an "efiFective force," which, according 
 to him, not only manifests itself in contact -with 
 man, as in the case of magnets, crystals, the 
 hands, &o., but, also, at distances, as from the 
 gun, moon, and stars — indeed from all matter. 
 Such a force is termed by him odic. 
 
 ODAXIS'MUS, Odaxes'miis, Odontocne'sis, 
 Odoiitocnes'mus, oSa^rjafio;; a sensation of biting 
 or pricking, as that in the gums whieh precedes 
 the appearance of the teeth. 
 
 ODES. A suffix, see Eidos. 
 
 ODEUR, Odour. 
 
 ODIC, see Od. 
 
 ODIN, Pains, (labour.) 
 
 ODINAGOGUS, Ocytocic. 
 
 ODINOL'YSIS, from oiiv, 'labour pains,' and 
 Xuiri?, ' solution.' Mitigation of labour pains. 
 
 ODINOPCE'A, from oliv, 'labour pains,' and 
 Touu), 'I make.' Agents that encourage labour 
 pains. 
 
 ODIS, Pains, labour. 
 
 ODME, Odour. 
 
 ODONTAGOGON, Dentagra. 
 
 ODON'TAGRA, from otovs, oSovro?, 'a tooth,' 
 and aypa, 'a seizure.' A rheumatic or gouty 
 pain in the teeth. Dentagra. 
 
 ODOXTAL'GIA, from o5ovg, oSovro;, 'a tcoth,' 
 and aXyoi, 'pain.' Den'tlnm dolor, Toofhach, 
 Odon'tia, 0. doloro'sa, GompJii'asis, Gomphms'- 
 mus, Odonfodi/n'ia, (F.) Douleur des dents, Flux- 
 ion sur les dents, Mai de dent ou d'amour. A dis- 
 ease dependent upon a variety of causes affecting 
 the cavity of the tooth ; but generally owing to 
 caries, whieh exposes the cavity to the action of 
 the air, and to extraneous matters in general. 
 Hence, the treatment consists in plugging the 
 tooth, or destroying the sensibility of the nerve 
 by powerful stimulants; and, if these means fail, 
 in extracting the tooth. 
 
 Odontalgia Cariosa, Dental gangrene — o. 
 Dentitionis, Dentition — o. Hfemodia, Haemodia. 
 
 Odontalgia Nervo'sa, Neuralgia Denta'lis. 
 Neuralgia of the teeth. Characterized by pe- 
 riodical pain, shooting with the utmost violence 
 along the branches of the fifth pair distributed to 
 the affected jaw. 
 
 Odontalgia Rejiittens zt Intermittens, 
 Ifeuralsria infra-orbitaria. 
 
 ODOXTALGIC, Anti-odontalgie. 
 
 ODOXTAMBLYOGMUS, HfEmodia. 
 
 ODOXTH.EMODIA, Hjemodia. 
 
 ODOXTHARPAGA. Dentajrra. 
 
 ODOXTIIYPERiESTHESIS, Hsemodia. 
 
 ODOXTIA, Odontalgia. 
 
 Odon'tia Defor'mis. Deformity of the teeth 
 from error of shape, position, or number. — Good. 
 
 Odontia Dentitionis Lactantium, see Denti- 
 tion (first) — 0. Dentitionis puerilis, see Dentition 
 (second) — o. Edentula, see Nefrendes — o. Ex- 
 crescens. Epulis — o. Incrustans, Odontolithos — o. 
 Stuporis, Hfemodia. 
 
 ODOXTIASIS, Dentition. 
 
 ODONTIATER, Dentist. 
 
 ODOXTIATRIA, Dentistry. 
 
 ODOXTIC, Anti-odontalgie. 
 
 ODOXTI'TIS, Odontophleg'mone. from o^o"?, 
 9S0VT0;, 'a. tooth,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the teeth. 
 
 ODOXTOBOTHRI'TIS, Odontopliatni'tis, In- 
 Jlamma'tio alveolo'rum, from odontohothrivm. j 
 (o5oiis, oiovTog, 'a tooth,' and jSo^fiov, 'alveolus,') j 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
 of the alveoli. I 
 
 ODOXTOBOTHRIUM, Alveolus. { 
 
 ODOXTOCLA'SIS, from ocovg, ocovto;, 'aj 
 tooth,' and /cXao-if, 'fracture: Fractn'ra den'tis. \ 
 Fracture of a tooth. j 
 
 ODOXTOCXESIS, Odaxismus. ! 
 
 Dentisealpium, Gum 
 Odontograpli'ia, from 
 
 0D0XT0CXE3MUS, Odaxismus. 
 ODOXTODES. Odontoid. 
 ODOXTODYXIA, Odontalgia. 
 ODOXTOG"EXY, Odontogen'ia, from o^ov?, 
 ooovTo;, 'a tooth,' and y^viais, 'generation.' Ge- 
 neration or mode of development of the teeth. 
 
 ODOXTOGLYPHOX, Dentisealpium, Gum 
 lancet. 
 
 ODOXTOGLYPHUM, 
 lancet. 
 
 ODOXTOG'RAPHY, 
 oSov;, obovTos, ' a tooth,' and ypaipri, ' a description. 
 A description of the teeth. 
 
 ODOX'TOID, Odontoi'des, Odonto'des, Denti. 
 form'is, Denta'lis, Dentoideus, Pyreno'i'des, from 
 oi^ous, obovTos, 'a tooth,' and uhoi, 'shape,' 're- 
 semblance.' An epithet given to the Processus 
 dentatus of the second vertebra or axis. 
 
 Odontoid Lig'aments, Ligamen'ta ala'ria seu 
 Mauchar'ti. (F.) Ligaments odonio'idiens, are two 
 strong and short conical fasciculi, whose trun- 
 cated summits embrace the sides of the odontoid 
 process, and whose bases are fixed in the fossae 
 at the inner side of the condyles of the occipital 
 bone. TI.eir direction is obliquely outwards and 
 slightly upwards. They enter into the composi- 
 tion of the occipito-axoid articulation, strengthen 
 the junction of the head with the vertebral 
 column, and limit the movement of rotation of 
 the atlas on the axis. 
 
 Other ligamentous fibres pass from the highest 
 
 portion of the processus dentatus to the anterior 
 
 margin of the foramen magnum of the occipital 
 
 ■ bone — cons titu ting the Xi'^ameH'<un!8u«^enso'n'iiOT 
 
 dent is. 
 
 ODOXTOL'ITHOS, (F.) Odontoliihe, from 
 oSov;, oiovrog, 'a tooth,' and Ai5of, 'a stone.' A 
 sort of incrustation, of a yellowish colour, which 
 forms at the coronfe of the teeth, and is called 
 Tartar, Tnr'tarns Den'tium, Odon'tia incrus'fans, 
 Cal'culus denta'lis, (F.) Tartre des dents, T. den- 
 taire. It consists of seventy-nine parts of phos- 
 phate of lime; twelve and a half of mucus: one 
 of a particular salivary matter, and seven and a 
 half of animal substance, soluble in chlorohydrio 
 acid. A species of infusoria, Dentic'ola hom'inis, 
 has been found in it. 
 
 ODONTOL'OGY, Odontolog"ia, from olov<;, 
 olovTo;, 'a tooth,' and y^oyoi, 'a discourse.' An 
 anatomical treatise of the teeth. 
 
 ODOXTOXECROSIS, Dental ganerene. 
 
 ODOXTOPARALLAX'IS, from obovs, obovroi, 
 'a tooth,' and TrapoXAafis, 'deviation.' Irregu- 
 larity and obliquity of the teeth; (Prov.) Snaggle 
 teeth. 
 
 ODOX'TOPIIATXE, Alveolus. 
 
 ODOXTOPIIATXITIS, Odontobothritis. 
 
 ODOXTOPLEROSIS, see Filling. 
 
 ODOXTOPHYIA, Dentition. 
 
 ODOXTOPRISIS, Brygmus, Stridor dentium. 
 
 ODOX'TOSEI'SIS, Odontoseis'mus, Den'tium 
 vacillan'tia, from obovs, obovrog, 'a tooth,' and 
 aaatg, 'shakiiie.' Looseness of the teeth. 
 
 ODOXTOSEISMUS, Odontoseisis. 
 
 ODOXTOSMEGMA, Dentifrice. 
 
 ODOXTOSPHACELISIS, Dental gangrene. 
 
 ODOXTOSPHACELISMUS, Dental gana-rene. 
 
 ODOXTOSTERE'SIS, from obovs, obovros, 'a 
 tooth,' and oTiprjais, 'privation.' Loss of the 
 teeth. 
 
 ODOXTOSYN'ERTSM'US, from obovs, obovros, 
 'a tooth,' and cwept^ctv, 'to strike together;' (F.) 
 Claquement. Chattering of the teeth. 
 
 ODOXTOTECHXY, Dentistry. 
 
 ODOXTOTHERAPIA, Dentistry. 
 
 ODOXTOTRIMMA, Dentifrice. 
 
 ODONTOTRYPY, Odontrypv. 
 
 ODOX'TRYPY, Odontot'rypij, Odontotryp'in, 
 from obovs, obovros, 'a tooth,' and rpwaia, 'I per- 
 
ODORAMENTUM 
 
 6 45 
 
 (ENOLOTIF 
 
 forate.' The operation of perforating a tooth to f 
 evacuate purulent matter confined in the cavity 
 of the pulp. 
 
 ODORAMEXTUM, Odoriferum. 
 ODOliANT, see Odour. 
 ODD RAT, Olfaction. 
 ODORATIO, Olfaction. 
 
 ODORATUS, Olfaction— 0. Deperditus, Anos- 
 mia. 
 
 OBORIF'ERUM, from odor, odoris, 'odour,' 
 and/era, ' I carry ;' Odoramen'tum. A medicine 
 that gives odour or flavour, A scent. A perfume. 
 ODOROUS, see Odour. 
 OD03, Way. 
 
 O'DOUR, Odor, Odme, Osme, (F.) Odeur. A 
 smell. Odours are subtle particles, constantly 
 escaping from the surface of certain bodies hence 
 called o'fioroJM, (F.) Odoraiit. They act, in some 
 manner, by actual contact with the nerves of the 
 Schneiderian membrane, and give occasion to the 
 sense of smell or olfaction. 
 ODOUS, see Teeth. 
 
 OD'YNE, o(5uv;7, 'pain,' Dolor, Od>/ne'tna. A 
 very common sufBx to words; as in Pleurodyne. 
 ODYNEMA, Odyne. 
 
 (ECIOMA'XIA, Oikeiomri'nia, from oiKcio;, 'be- 
 longing to a household or family,' and mania. A 
 form of moral insanity, characterized by domes- 
 tic perversity. 
 
 (ECOXOMIA, Economy— oe. Animalis, Phy- 
 Eiolojry. 
 
 (EDALICUS, CEdematous. 
 (EDALIUS, (Edematous. 
 
 (EDE'MA, from oiSco), 'I am swollen.' Hi/- 
 dron'ciw, (Ederiiat' ia, Ui/deron'cus, Hydaton'cus, 
 Hijdrooede' ma, Hijdrede'ma, Hxjdropn cellida'ria 
 ar'tanm, Phhgma'tia, Leucopldeqma'tia, Ecphy'- 
 ma cedemat'icum, (F.) (Ediine, (Edemntie, Enjiure. 
 Swelling produced by the accumulation of a se- 
 rous fluid in the interstices of the areolar texture. 
 This swelling is soft; yields under the finger; 
 preserves the impression for some time, and is 
 pale and without pain. It presents the same 
 characters as anasarca, which is general oedema. 
 Its etiology and tr-eatment are also the same. 
 See Anasarca. 
 
 (Edema Acctdji, see Anasarca. 
 (Edema Arsenica'lis. The swelling of the 
 eyelids and face, induced by continued use of the 
 preparations of arsenic. 
 
 (Edema Calidum, see Anasarca — oe. Capitis, 
 Hydrocephalus, ex ternus. 
 
 (Ede'ma Cek'ebri, (F.) CEdhne da cerveaxi. 
 (Edema of the brain. A condition of the cerebral 
 pulp, in which there is an infiltration of serous 
 fluid into it, so that it appears more moist or wa- 
 tery than common ; and, when sliced or pressed, 
 small drops of water are seen to ooze out. 
 
 (Edema, Compact, Induration of the cellular 
 tissue — oe. Cruentum, Suggillation — oe. Febrile, 
 see Anasarca — ce. Fugas, Anathymiasis — ce. 
 Hystericum, Anathymiasis. 
 
 (Edema of the (tlottis, CE^. glot'tidis, (Edem'- 
 atous Laryngi'tis or angina, Laryngi'tis snbimico'sa 
 seu cedetnato'sa seu eero-purulen'ta, Hydrops glot'- 
 tidis, Angi'na aqno'sa seu larynge'a cedetnato'sa, 
 Sahmn'cous Laryngi'tis, (F.) Lriryngite cedema- 
 teics-e, L. cedemateuse et sero-purulente ou sus-glot- 
 tiqiie ou sous-muqxteuse, Angine laryngee oedema- 
 tense, CEdeme de la glotte. A disease consisting 
 of serous or sero-purulent infiltration into the 
 submucous tissue of the glottis. The symptoms 
 resemble those of croup ; but the disease attacks 
 the adult rather than the child. The age is, in- 
 deed, a principal means of diagnosis between the 
 two affections. 
 
 The disease is almost always fatal. The treat- 
 ment has to vary according to the accompanying 
 general symptoms. 
 
 (Edema Lacteum, Phlegmatia dolens. 
 
 (Edp:ma op the Lungs, CE. pulmo'num, Pneu- 
 moch'ysis, Paeumoncede'ma, Hydrops seu ana- 
 san' ca Pulmo' nam, Hydropneumo' nia, (F.) 
 (Edhne dii poumon. Laentiee has so called the 
 infiltration of serum into the tissue of the lung, 
 carried to such an extent as to diminish its 
 permeability to air. It is not an uncommon 
 sequela of pneumonia, and the major exanthe- 
 mata. The respiration is laborious ; the respira- 
 tory murmur scarcely perceptible, although the 
 thorax is largely expanded, and there is a slight 
 rale crepitant, particularly at the base and infe- 
 rior part of the lung. The sound on percussion 
 is clear, and on both sides equally so. The cough 
 is attended with aqueous expectoration. In some 
 cases the respiration becomes peurile in a small 
 portion of the summit of the lung. 
 
 (Edema NEOXATORnM, Induration of the cellu- 
 lar tissue — oe. Palpebrarum, Hydroblepharon — 
 oe. Puerperarum, Phlegmatia dolens — oe. Pulmo- 
 num, (Edema of the lungs — oe. Pulmonum chro- 
 nicum, Hydropneumonia — • oe. Scroti aquosum, 
 Oschydroedema — oe. Scroti cruentum, Osehaema- 
 toedema — oe. Scroti purulentum, Oscheopyoedema 
 — oe. Scroti urinosum, Urocele — oe. Spasticum, 
 Anathymiasis — ce. Uvulae, Staphyloedema. 
 
 (ED'EMATIA, (Edema. 
 
 (EDEMATIE, (Edema. 
 
 (EDEMATOSARCA, (Edemosarca. 
 
 (EDEMATOSCHEOCE'LE, (EdemoscJieoce' le, 
 Oscheoce'll cedemat'ica. Oscheocele with cedema 
 of the scrotum. 
 
 (EDE.M'ATOUS, (Edemata' sits, (Edemat'icus, 
 CEdemato'des, CEdal'ius, CEdal'icus, Edem'atous, 
 (F.) (Edeniateux. Affected with cedema, (F.) 
 (Edematie, of the nature of oedema. 
 
 CEDEilE, (Edema — oe. da Cerveau, (Edema 
 cerebri — ce. Doulouren.c cles femmes en couehe, 
 Phlegmatia dolens — oe. des Noaiielles acconchees, 
 Phlegmatia dolens — ce.. aciif des Nouvelles ae- 
 cnuchees, Phlegmatia dolen.s — ce. de la Glotte, 
 (Edema of the glottis — ce. de la Glotte, Angina 
 oedematosa — ce. du Tissn cellulaire des nouveau- 
 nes, Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 
 (EDEMOSAPu'CA, (Edemafosar'ca. A species 
 of tumour mentioned by M. A. Severinus, which 
 holds a middle place between oedema and sarcoma. 
 
 (EDEMOSCHEOCELE, (Edematoscheocele. 
 
 CEIL, Eye — ce. de Bcenf, Anthemis tinctoria — • 
 ce. Double, Binoculus — ce. de Liecre, Lagophthal- 
 mus — ce. Simple, see Monoculus. 
 
 (EILLET GIROFLEE, Dianthus caryophyl- 
 lus. ^ 
 
 (EILLIERE, Scaphium oculare. 
 
 (ENAN'THE, CE. croca'ta seu cTicBropJiyl'U 
 fo'liis, Hemlock, dropwort. Hemlock water-drop- 
 wort. Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae. Sex. Sysf. Pen- 
 tandria Digynia, from oivog, 'wine,' and av&o;, 'a 
 flower;' its flowers smelling like the vine. A 
 violent poison of the acro-narcotic class. Its 
 juice has been recommended in certain cutaneous 
 diseases : but it is scarcely ever used. It is em- 
 ployed in fomentations. 
 
 (JEn'anthe Aquatica, Phellandrium aquaticum 
 — oe. Phellandrium, Phellandrium aquaticum — oe. 
 Striata rigida, Seseli tortuosum. 
 
 (ENEL^'OX, from oivo;, 'wine,' and iXatov, 
 'oil.' A mixture of oil and wine. — Galen. Also, 
 rectified spirit or alcohol. 
 
 (ENOG'ALA, oivoyci\a, from oivo;, 'wine,' and 
 yaXa, 'milk,' — 'a mixture of wine and milk.' 
 According to some, wine as warm as new milk. 
 
 (ENOG'AROX, Garum vino mistum. "Wine 
 mixed with garum. — Aetius. 
 GENOLATURE, see Vinum. 
 
 (ENOLE, see Vinum. 
 
 (ENOLOTIF (P.). A name given by M 
 
GENOIDES 
 
 646 
 
 OGLA 
 
 BSral to a medicine intended for external use, 
 ■whose excipient is wine, 
 
 CENOIDES, Vinous. 
 
 GiNOMA'jSriA, Oinoma'nia, from oivos, 'wine,' 
 and mania. Deliriuia tremens. Properly, wine- 
 mania. An insatiable desire for intoxicating 
 liquors. 
 
 (E'NOMEL, (Eiiom'eli, from oivo;, ' wine,' and 
 HeKi, 'honey.' Mel vino' sum, Ilulsam Vino' sum. 
 Honey wine. Wine mead. See Hydromel. 
 
 (ENOPHLYGIA, Temulentia. 
 
 CE:!^0PHLYXIS, Temulentia. 
 
 (ENOS, Wine. 
 
 CENOSTAGMA, Spiritus vini rectiflcatus. 
 
 CEl^JOTHE'RA BIEN'NIS, (E. MoUis'sima seu 
 murica'taseu.gauroi'des, On' agra, Evening Prim- 
 rose, Tree Primrose, Primrose tree, Care-all, 
 Soahish. An indigenous plant, common on the 
 borders of fields, and in natural hedges. Orel. 
 Onagracese. Sex. Sj/st. Octandria Monogynia. 
 Its properties are mucilaginous and slightly 
 acrid. A decoction has been used in cases of in- 
 fantile and other eruptions. 
 
 (Enothera Gauroides, 0. biennis — oe. Muri- 
 cata, 0. biennis. 
 
 (ESOPHAGE'AL, (Esophaga'tis, (F.) (Eso- 
 phagien. Same etymon as oesophagus. Relating 
 or belonging to the oesophagus. 
 
 (Esophageal Ap'ERTaRs of the Di'aphragm, 
 Fora'men cesophage'um, (F.) Onverture oesojiha- 
 gienne dii diaphrngme. An opening in the dia- 
 phragm for the passage of the oesophagus. 
 
 OESOPHAGEAL ApeETURE OF THE StOMACH. A 
 
 name given to the superior or cardiac orifice of 
 the stomach, to distinguish it from the inferior or 
 pyloric. See Cardia. 
 
 ffisoPixAGEAL Muscle, CEsopTiagm'us. Some 
 anatomists have given this name to the transverse 
 muscular fibres which surround the oesophagus 
 at its upper extremity. 
 
 (Esophageal Tube, see Tube, oesophageal. 
 
 (ESOPHAGEURYS'MA, (Esoph'agus succen- 
 turia'tus, from oiiTo(payog, 'the oesophagus,' and 
 shfvaiia, ' dilatation.' Dilatation of the oesopha- 
 
 gTlS. 
 
 (ESOPHAGIALGIA, (Esophagismus. 
 
 (ESOPHAGIARCTIA, Dysphagia constricta. 
 
 (ESOPHAGIEN, (muscle). Constrictor oeso- 
 phagi. 
 
 (ESOPHAGIS'MUS, (Esophagis'mum. A name 
 given by Vogel to spasm of the oesophagus, Bi/s- 
 pha'gia Spasmod'ica seu Spas'tica seu Nervo'sa, 
 Strictu'ra oesoph'agi spasmod'ica, CEiophagial'- 
 gia, (Esophagospasm'us, l^nes'mus Gulce, (F.) 
 Tenesme de I'oesophage. By some used synony- 
 mously with oesophagitis, dysphagia, and con- 
 traction of the oesophagus. 
 
 (ESOPHAGI'TIS, Angi'na seu Cijnan'cM ceso- 
 phagce'a, DtjspTia'gia inflammato'ria, Influmma'- 
 iio oesoph'agi seu Gulce, (F.) Angine oesopha- 
 gienne. Inflammation of the oesophao-us. 
 
 (ESOPHAGODYN'IA, from oiaoi^ayog, 'the 
 oesophagus,' and oSvvri, 'pain.' Pain in the oeso- 
 phagus. 
 
 CESOPHAGOPATni'A, jMorhus (Esoph'agi, 
 from oiaocjiayoi, 'the oesophagus,' and -aadog, 
 ' disease.' A morbid condition of the oesopha- 
 gus. 
 
 (ESOPHAGOPLE'GIA, Dyspha'gia paralyt'- 
 iea, Lmmoparahf sis, from oiao<payog, ' the oeso- 
 phagus,' and n^nyi, 'a stroke.' Paralysis of the 
 oesophagus. 
 
 (ESOPHAGORRHAG"IA, from oi<ro0ayo?, 'the 
 oesophagus,' and payij, 'a rupture. Hemorrhage 
 from the oesophagus. 
 
 CESOPHAGORRHCE'A, from oiao(payog, 'the 
 oesophagus,' and psu), 'I flow.' Discharge of 
 blood or mucus from the oesophao-us. 
 
 CESOPHAGOSPAS'MUS, from oi<,o<payoi, 'the 
 
 oesophagus,' and a-acjios, ' spasm.' Spasm of the 
 oesophagus. 
 
 CESOPHAGOT'OMY, (Esophagotom'ia, from 
 oityo(payo{, ' the oesophagus,' and renrstv, ' to cut.' 
 An incision made into the oesophagus for the 
 purpose of extracting foreign bodies from it. 
 
 CESOPH'AGUS, from oiu, 'future' o,^o>, 'I 
 carry,' and (payw, ' I eat ;' Gula, Fis'tida ciba'lis, 
 Fis'tula seu In/undib'uliirn Ventric'uli, Via storn'- 
 achi et ventris, Gluttus. The Gullet, (Prov.) 
 Wizen. A musculo-membranous canal, cylin- 
 drical, and depressed from before to behind, 
 which extends from the inferior extremity of the 
 pharynx to the upper ori&ce of the stomach. At 
 its origin, it is situate in the median line ; but 
 beneath the larynx, it deviates to the left, and in 
 the chest experiences different reflections. In 
 its cervical portion, it corresponds, behind, with 
 the spine; before, with the larynx and trachea; 
 and, at the sides, it is close to the primitive caro- 
 tids, internal jugular veins, par vagum, recur- 
 rent nerves, &c. In its inferior or thoracic por- 
 tion, the oesophagus is entirely contained in the 
 posterior mediastinum ; and enters the abdomen 
 through the oesophageal aperture, Fora'men oeso- 
 2yhage'um, of the diaphragm. The oesophagus 
 is composed of a very strong muscular layer, 
 sometimes called Tunica vagina'lis gulce ; formed, 
 itself, of two sets of fibres, the external being 
 general longitudinal, the internal transverse or 
 annular. 2. Of a mucous membrane which is 
 soft, fine, thin, and white, especially at its lower 
 part. It is continuous, above, with the mucous 
 membrane of the pharynx. The mucous folli- 
 cles, found beneath it, are not numerous, and 
 have been called Oesophageal glands. The arte- 
 ries of the oesophagus proceed, in the nock, from 
 the thyroid; in the chest, from the bronchial ar- 
 teries and directly from the aorta; — in the abdo- 
 men, from the inferior phrenic, and coronaria 
 ventriculi. Its veins empty themselves into the 
 inferior thyroid, the vena cava superior, the in- 
 ternal mammary, azygos, bronchial, phrenic, and 
 coronaria ventriculi. Its lymphatics pass into 
 the ganglia surrounding it. Its nerves are afforded 
 by the pharyngeal and pulmonary plexuses ; by 
 the cardiac nerves; the thoracic ganglia, and, 
 especially, by the pneumogastrics and their re- 
 current branches. 
 
 CEsoPHAGUs SuccENTURiATDS, Pharyngocele. 
 
 (ESTROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 CESTRUATION, Orgasm, see Heat. 
 
 CESTRUM, Clitoris. 
 
 CEsTRUM VE>f'ERis, CE. vene'reum, CEstrus 
 vene'reus ; from oicrpog, vestrus, 'a violent impulse 
 or desire.' A vehement desire for sexual inter- 
 course. Orgasm. With some, oestrum signifies 
 Clitoris. 
 
 CESTRUS, Clitoris, see Ectozoa — oe. Venereus, 
 ' CEstrum venereum. 
 
 (E'SYPUS, from oi;, 'a sheep.' The greasy 
 matter of unwashed wool; formerly employed in 
 friction in diseased joints. 
 
 (EITFS, Ova. 
 
 OFFICE, PHYSICIAN'S or SURGEON'S, 
 latrion. 
 
 OFFICINA, Pharmacopolium. 
 
 OFFICINAL, Offi.cina'lis, from offieina, for 
 opificina, (from opifex {opus and facio,) 'a work- 
 man,') 'a shop.' An epithet for medicines found 
 in the shop of the apothecary, ready prepared — 
 usua'lia ; in opposition to magistral or extempo- 
 raneous, — those prepared after the prescription of 
 the physician. 
 
 OFFIUM, Affion, Opium. 
 
 OFFSPRING, Epigone. 
 
 OFFUSCATIO, Amaurosis. 
 
 OGLA, Oogala. 
 
OGNOK 
 
 647 
 
 OINTMENT 
 
 OGNON, a Corn— o. irarin, Scilla. 
 OHI'O, MINERAL WATERS OF. Yellow 
 Spring is a chalybeate, situate in Greene county, 
 64 miles from Cincinnati. It is somewhat fre- 
 quented. 
 
 OiDIUM ABORTIFACIENS, see Ergot— o. 
 Albicans, Aphthaphyte — o. Schoenleini, see Por- 
 rigo favosa. 
 
 OIE, Sorbus domestica. 
 OIGNON, Allium cepa. 
 OTKEIOMANIA, (Eciomania. 
 OIL, O'leum, Elcs'on, cXaiov, (F.) Huile ; from 
 e\aia, ' the olive.' A collective name, under which 
 two classes of fluids are included, very different 
 from each other : those belonging to the one class, 
 are viscid, mawkish or almost insipid; those of 
 the other are nearly devoid of viscidity, and are 
 caustic and very volatile. The former are called 
 /at or fixed oils / the latter volatile or essential 
 oils or essences. 
 
 Oil, see Ricinus communis. 
 Oil of Almonds, Oleum amygdalarum — o. of 
 bitter Almonds, Oleum amygdalae amarse — o. of 
 Amber, rectified, see Succinura — -o. of Anda, see 
 Anda — o. Animal, Oleum animale — o. Animal, 
 of Dippel, Oleum animale Dippelii — o. of Bay, 
 Daphnelseon — o. of Bays, Oleum laurinum — o. 
 and Beeswax, Unguentum eeras — o. of Ben, see 
 Guilandina moringa — o. of Benjamin or Benzoin, 
 Oleum benzoini — o. Benne, see Sesamum orien- 
 tale — 0. of Bergamot, see Bergamot. 
 
 Oil, British. An empirical preparation often 
 used in eases of sprains. A committee of the 
 Philadelphia College of Pharmacy recommended 
 the following form for its preparation. — 01. Tere- 
 binth., 01. Lini nsfitatis. aa f.^iij. 01. Siiccini., 
 01. Juniper, aa f§iv. Petrol. Barhadens. f^iij, 
 Petrol. American. (Seneca Oil,) f§j. M. 
 
 Oil op Cacao, Butter of Cacao — o. of Cade, 
 see Juniperus Oxycedrus — -o. Carron, Linimentum 
 aquas calcis — o. of the Cashew nut, see Anacar- 
 dium occidentale — o. Castor, see Ricinus com- 
 munis — 0. of Chabert, Oleum animale empyreu- 
 maticum Chaberti — • o. of Cinnamon, see Laurus 
 cinnamomum — o. of Cloves, Eugenia caryophyl- 
 lata — 0. Cod, 0. Jecoris aselli — o. Codliver, 0. 
 Jecoris aselli — o. of Copaiba, Oleum Copaibse — o. 
 Cornspirit, Oil, fusel — o. of Cubebs, see Piper 
 eubeba^o. of Cypress, Cyprinum oleum — o. of 
 Dill, see Anethumgraveolens — o. Dippel's, Oleum 
 animale Dippelii — o. of Egg, see Ovum — o. Ethe- 
 real, Oleum ^thereum — o. Flaxseed, see Linum 
 usitatissimum. 
 
 Oil, Fusel, Al'cohol amyVicuni (Ph. D.), Fou- 
 sel oil, Pota'to oil. Grain oil, Cornspirit oil, Po- 
 ta' to spirit oil. Oil of potatoes, Ami/l'ic al'cohol, 
 Hy' drated oxide of amyle, { (G.) Fusel, an epithet 
 for poor brandy.) An acrid volatile oil, formed 
 in the manufacture of potato brandy, and which 
 is not easily separable from it. Its chemical 
 constitution is analogous to that of alcohol. It 
 exhales a powerful and peculiarly suffocating 
 odour. S. g. -SIS. In small doses it is highly 
 stimulating, — acting like narcotics in general. In 
 large doses it destroys the mucous membrane of 
 the stomach. It is used by the Dublin College 
 in the preparation of Sodae valerianas. 
 Oil, Grain, Oil, fusel. 
 
 Oil, Haerlem. An empirical preparation sup- 
 posed to consist chiefly of petroleum, turpentine, 
 and balsam of sulphur. Used internally in renal 
 and rheumatic affections. 
 
 Oil, Krdihtolz, see Pinus mughos — o. of Le- 
 mons, see Citrus raedica — o. Lily, see Lilium 
 eandidum — o. of Mace, expressed, s.ee Myristiea 
 — 0. of Mastieh, see Pistacia Lentiscus — o. of 
 Mucilages, Oleum e mueilaginibus — o. Neats- 
 foot. Oleum bubulum — o. of Nicodemus, Nico- 
 
 demi oleum — o. ^ut, Juglans cinerea — o. of Nut- 
 megs, see Myristiea moschata — • o. Olive, Oleum 
 olivae — o. Palm, see Cocos butyracea — o. Paper, 
 Pyrothonide — o. Parsley, Apiol — o. Pennyroyal, 
 see Hedeoma pulegioides — o. of Pike, Oleum lucii 
 piscis — 0. of Potatoes, Oil, fusel — o. Potato, Oil, 
 fusel — 0. Potato spirit, Oil, fusel — o. Rag, Pyro- 
 thonide — 0. Red, see Hypericum perforatum — o. 
 Rock, Petroleum — o. of Rose Geranium, Oleum 
 graminis Indici — o. of Roses, see Piosa eentifolia 
 — 0. of Rue, Peganelaeon, see Ruta — o. Skateliver, 
 see Oleum Jecoris aselli — o. of Spike, Oleum tore- 
 binthinae — o. of St. John's Wort, see Hypericum 
 perforatum — o. Salad, Oleum olivse — o. of Scor- 
 pion, see Scorpion — o. Seneca, Petroleum, New 
 York — o. of Spike, see Lavandula spica — o. of 
 Spikenard, Oleum graminis Indici — o. Sulphu- 
 retted, Balsamum sulphuris simplex — o. of Tar- 
 tar, Liquor potassa3 subcarbonatis — o. of Tobacco, 
 Oleum tabaci — o. of Turpentine, Oleum terebin- 
 thina3 — o. of Turpentine, rectified, Oleum tere- 
 binthinae rectificatum — o. of Valerian, Oleum 
 valerianaj — o. of Vitriol, Sulphuric acid — o. of 
 Wine, Oleum aethereum. 
 
 Oils, Animal, Olea animalia — o. Distilled, Olea 
 volatilia — o. Empyreumatic. Olea empyreumatica 
 — 0. Essential, Olea volatilia — o. Ethereal, Olea 
 volatilia — o. Expressed, Olea fixa — o. Fatty, Olea 
 flxa — o. Fixed, Olea fixa — o. Fugacious, Olea fu- 
 gaeia — o. Medicinal, Olea medicinalia — o. Vola- 
 tile, Olea volatilia. 
 
 OILY, Oleaginous — o. Grain, Sesamum orient- 
 ale. 
 
 OINOMANIA. CEnomania. 
 OINOS KRITHES, Cerevisia. 
 OINTMENT, Unguentum— o. Antimonial, Un- 
 guentum antimonii — o. of Antimony, tartarized, 
 Unguentum antimonii. 
 
 Ointment, Arsen'ical, of Sir Actley Cooper. 
 This is made of arsenions acid Jj : sulphur, ^j ; 
 spermaceti cerate, ^}. It is spread on lint, and 
 applied to cancerous sores. 
 
 Ointment, Basilicon, Unguentum resinae — o. 
 Bay, Unguentum laurinum — o. of Belladonna, 
 Unguentum belladonnae — o. Blister, Cerate of 
 cantharides — o. Blistering, green, Unguentum 
 lyttiE medicatum — o. Blistering, milder, Unguen- 
 tum lyttae — o. Blistering, yellow, Unguentum 
 lyttae medicatum aliud — o. Blue, Unguentum 
 hydrargyri — 0. Citrine, Unguentum hydrargyri 
 nitratis — o. of Cocculus Indicus, Unguentum coc- 
 culi — 0. of Creasote, Unguentum creasoti — o. Cu- 
 cumber, see Cucumis sativus — o. Cyrillo's, Un- 
 guentum muriatis hydrargyri oxygenati medica- 
 tum — o. Digestive, simple, Unguentum digesti- 
 vum simplex — • o. Edinburgh, see Unguentum 
 veratri — o. Elder, Unguentum sambuoi — o. of 
 Elemi, Unguentum elemi compositum — o. for the 
 Eyes, (Smellome's,) see Ceratum resinae — o. of 
 Galls, Unguentum gallffi — o. of Galls, compound, 
 Unguentum gallas compositum — o. Garlic, see 
 Allium — 0. of Geranium, Oleum graminis Indici 
 — 0. Gingergrass of Nemaur, Oleum graminis 
 Indici — 0. Golden, Unguentum hydrargyri nitri- 
 co-oxidi — o. Golden, Singleton's, see Singleton's 
 golden ointment — o. Goulard's, Ceratum plumbi 
 compositum — o. Grass of Nemaur, Oleum grami- 
 nis Indici — 0. Green, Unguentum sambuci — o. 
 Hellebore, white, Unguentum veratri — o. of Hem- 
 lock, Unguentum conii — 0. ofHydriodate of Potass, 
 Unguentum potassae hydriodatis — o. of Iodide of 
 Lead, Unguentum plumbi iodidi— o. of Iodide of 
 Mercury, Unguentum hydrargyri iodidi — o. of 
 red Iodide of Mercury, Unguentum hydrargyri 
 iodidi rubri — o. of Iodide of Sulphur, Unguen- 
 tum sulphuris iodidi — o. of Iodine, Unguentum 
 lodini — 0. of Iodine, compound, Unguentum 
 iodini compositum — o. Issue, Dr. Physick's, seo 
 Unguentum lyttae medicatum aliud — o. Itch, 
 
OlOCALYMMA 
 
 648 
 
 OLEA VOLATILIA 
 
 Unguentum sulphuris coinpositum — o. Itch, Bai- 
 ley's, see Unguentum sulphuratum ad scabiem — 
 0. Itch, Bateinan's, see Unguentum sulphuratum 
 alcalinum ad scabiem — -o. Itch, Helmerick's, Un- 
 guentum sulphuratum alcalinum ad scabiem — o. 
 Itch, Jackson's, Unguentum sulphuris composi- 
 tum — o. Lead, compound, Unguentum plumbi 
 cornpositum — o. of white oxide of Lead, Unguen- 
 tum oxidi plumbi albi — o. of Lydia, Bacaris — o. 
 Marshmallovv, Unguentum de althaea — o. Mer- 
 curial, Unguentum hydrargyri — o. Mercurial, 
 milder, see Unguentum hydrargyri — o. Mercurial, 
 strong, see Unguentum hydrargyri — o. of nitrate 
 of Mercury, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis — o. 
 of gray oxide of Mercury, Unguentum oxidi hy- 
 drargyri cinerei — o. of nitric oxyd of Mercury, 
 Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi — ■ o. of 
 Mezereon, Unguentum mezerei — o. of Nitrous 
 acid, Unguentum acidi nitrosi — o. of Pitch, 
 Unguentum resinse nigrse — o. of Pitch, black, 
 Unguentum resinse nigrae — o. Plunkett's, for 
 cancer, Plunkett's ointment — o. red Precipitate, 
 Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi — o. of 
 white Precipitate, Unguentum hydrargj'ri prae- 
 cipitati albi — o. Resin, Ceratum resinse flava 
 
 — 0. Resin, black, Unguentum resinse . nigrse 
 
 — 0. of Rosewater, Unguentum aquae roste — 
 o. Soldier's, Martiatum unguentum — o. of 
 Spanish flies. Cerate of Cantharides, Ungu- 
 entum lyttse — 0. Spermaceti, Unguentum ce- 
 tacei — o. of Stramonium, Unguentum stramonii 
 
 — o. of Subacetate of copper, Unguentum sub- 
 acetatis cupri — o. of Sugar of lead, Unguentum 
 plumbi superacetatis — o. Sulphur, Unguentum 
 sulphuris — o. Sulphur, compound, Unguentum 
 sulphuris cornpositum — o. Tar, Unguentum picis 
 liquidse — o. Tartar emetic, Unguentum antimonii 
 — o. Tobacco, Unguentum Tabaci— o. Tutty, Un- 
 guentum oxidi zinci imparl — o. Verdigris, Ungu- 
 entum subacetatis cupri — o. Wax, Unguentum 
 ccrae — o. White, Unguentum oxidi plumbi albi — 
 o. Zinc, Unguentum zinci — o. of impure oxide of 
 Zinc, Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri. 
 
 OIOCALYM'MA, Oiocahjp't.rum ,- from oitov, 
 u>ov, 'egg,' and KaXv-nniv, 'to cover;' Membra' iia 
 O'vuli cortica'lia. The membrane of the egg- 
 shell. 
 
 OKRA, Hibiscus esculentus. 
 
 OLD AGE, Senectus. 
 
 OLD MAN, Artemisia abrotanum. 
 
 OLD WIFE'S SHIRT, Liriodendron. 
 
 OLEA ANIMA'LIA, Animal oils, (F.) Hniles 
 animules. A name given to fixed oils holding in 
 solution the mucilaginous and gelatinous princi- 
 ples of certain animals, as the Oil of frogs, Oil 
 of scorpions, Oil of spiders, &c. Sometimes, 
 also, the term animal oils is given to empyreu- 
 raatic oils, produced during the decomposition of 
 animal substances by heat. 
 
 Olea Destillata, 0. Volatilia. 
 
 Olea Empyreujiat'ica, Empiyreumat'ic oils, 
 (F. ) Hniles empyreumatiques ou pyrogenees, Py- 
 relaines. Oils which have an empyreumatic or 
 burnt smell. They are obtained by treating vege- 
 table or animal matters by heat, in close vessels. 
 They do not exist in organized bodies, but are 
 formed during their decomposition by fire. The 
 animal oil of Dippel is an empyreumatic oil. 
 
 Olea Europ.«'a, 0. sati'va seu lancifo'lia seu 
 polymor'pha seu Gal'lica, Oli'va, Olive tree, 
 sXaia, Elcs'a, (P.) Olivier ; (Fruit) Olive. Nat. 
 Orel. Jasmineas. Sex. Syst. Diandria Monogy- 
 nia. The leaves of the olive are bitter, and an 
 extract prepared from them, and a substance 
 called olivi'na, the bitter principle of the leaves, 
 have been given in Italy as antiperiodics. The 
 fruit, when pickled, is extremely grateful to some 
 stomachs. Olives, as met with in the shops, are 
 prepared from the green, unripe fruit, repeatedly 
 
 steeped in water. To this, some quicklime or 
 alkaline salt is added, and, afterwards, they are 
 washed and preserved in a pickle of common salt 
 and water. From this fruit is prepared the Olive 
 oil or Salad oil of the Pharmacopoeias, which is 
 obtained by grinding and pressing the olives, 
 when thoroughly ripe. The finer and purer oil 
 issues first by gentle pressure, and the inferior 
 sort on heating what is left, and pressing it more 
 strongly. See Oleum Olivse. In Calabria, an 
 odorous resin exudes from its trunk, which is 
 employed as a perfume by the Neapolitans. 
 
 A gum flows from certain wild olives, in warm 
 countries, which consists, according to Pelletier, 
 of a resin, a little benzoic acid, and a peculiar 
 substance, called Olivile. It is in yellow masses, 
 of a slightly acrid taste, and of a vanilla smell. 
 It is called Olea giimmi, 0. resi'na, and 0. bah'- 
 amum, (F.) Gomme olivier, and is esteemed astrin- 
 gent and detersive. 
 
 Olea Fixa self Pin'guia, Expressed, Fixed 
 or Fatty oils, (F.) Huiles fixes ou grasses, Oleols. 
 All the oils obtained from the seeds or pericarps 
 of vegetables, without distillation, and which are 
 viscid, but slightly odorous and sapid ; lighter 
 than water, and insoluble in alcohol. The ran- 
 cidity of oils depends on the absorption of oxy- 
 gen, and therefore they should be kept in bulk 
 as much as possible, and in narrow-necked bot- 
 tles, so that a very small surface only can be ex- 
 posed to the air. All the fixed oils are emollient, 
 and, in a certain dose, they act as purgatives and 
 emetics. They are prepared by expressing the 
 fruit or seed containing them. 
 
 Olea Fcga'cia, Fuga'cious oils, (F.) Huiles 
 fvgaces. A name given to oils which are so vo- 
 latile that, in order to obtain them, recourse must 
 be had to a different process from that employed 
 for other essential oils. Such are the oils of jes- 
 samine, lily, violet, <fcc. 
 
 Olea Gallica, 0. Europsea — o. Lancifolia, 0. 
 Europsea. 
 
 Olea Medicina'lia, Medic"inal oils, (F.) 
 Huiles 3Tedieinales, Eleoles, Solution par lea 
 huiles. A name given to oils prepared by mace- 
 rating, infusing, or boiling medicinal substances 
 in olive or any other fixed oils. These oils may 
 then be regarded as oily solutions of certain 
 medicinal substances; whence they can never be 
 simple. They have, however, been divided into 
 simple and compowtd medicinal oils. To the 
 former belong the Oils of St. John's wort, of the 
 Solanum i^igrum, <&c.; to the other — which have 
 often been called Oily balsams, (F.) Baumes hui- 
 leux — the Balsams of Fioraventi, Iletz, &c. Me- 
 dicinal oils are, almost always, employed exter- 
 nally. 
 
 Olea Polymorpha, 0. Europaea — o. Sativa, 0. 
 Europasa. 
 
 Olea VolATIl'iA, 0. destilta'ta, ^thero'lea, 
 Vol'atile, Etlie'real, Essential, or Distil'led oils, 
 Es'senees, (F.) Huiles volatiles ou essentielles ou 
 distillees ou etherees, oleolats, oleules, oleoles. 
 Oils found in aromatic vegetables, and in every 
 part of them, except in the interior of the seeds. 
 The majority are obtained by distillation; but 
 some by expression. They possess unctuosity, 
 inflammability, and viscidity, like the fixed oils ; 
 but they are generally odoriferous, pungent, and 
 acrid. The greater part are lighter than water ; 
 but some are heavier, and congeal at a moderate 
 temperature. They dissolve, in small quantity, 
 in distilled water, by simple agitation. Almost 
 all are soluble in alcohol. The odour and taste 
 are the usual tests of their goodness. To preserve 
 them, they should be kept in a cool place, in 
 small bottles, quite full and well corked. Vola- 
 tile oils are possessed of the aromatic properties 
 of the plants whence they are obtained. They 
 
OLEAGINOUS 
 
 G49 
 
 OLEUM CEDRINUM 
 
 are all, when applied externally, stimulant and 
 rubefacient. Phiarmaceutieal preparations, in 
 which substances are dissolved in volatile oils, 
 (F.) Soluiio7i8 par lea huiles volatiles, are termed 
 by Beral, Ifj/roles. 
 
 OLEAG"I]SrOUS, Oleagino'sus, Oleo'sus, (F.) 
 Oleagiiieux ; from o^ei^m, ' oil.' Oily : containing 
 oil, — as ' an oleaginous or oili/ mixture.' 
 
 OLEA'MEN, Oleamen'tum. Same etymon. 
 Any soft ointment prepared of oil. — Scribonius. 
 
 OLEANDER, Rhododendron chrysanthemum. 
 
 OLECRANARTHR I'TIS, from olecranon, 
 apdpoy, 'joint,' and ids, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the elbow joint. 
 
 OLECRANARTHROC'ACE, from w>^BKpavov, 
 'the olecranon,' ap&pov, 'articulation,' and Kaxia, 
 'vice or disease.' Inflammation of the articular 
 surfaces of the elbow. — Rust. 
 
 OLECRAN'IAL, (F.) Olecranien. Relating 
 or belonging to the olecranon. 
 
 OLECRANOID CAVITY, see Ulna. 
 
 OLECRANON, Oiecra'non, Olec'ranum, Olec'- 
 ranon moh'ile; from wXcvn, 'the elbow,' and Kpa- 
 vov, 'the head.' Acrole'iiion, Additamen'tum ne- 
 ca'tum, Anctin, Proces'sus ancone' us seu uncina'tus, 
 Glaus seu C'oro'na seu Coro'na posterior seu Ad- 
 ditamen'tum unca'tum Ulna, Vertex Cu'hiti, Pa- 
 tel'la fixa. Rostrum exter'num sen poste'rius, Top 
 of the cubit. Head or protection of the elbow. 
 A large process at the upper extremity of the 
 ulna, on which we lean. When this process is 
 fractured, it is apt to be drawn up by the triceps, 
 and much care is required to keep the parts in 
 apposition. 
 
 OLEFIANT GAS, CHLORIDE OF, see Anaes- 
 thetic. 
 
 OLEIN, see Fat — o. Codliver, see Oleum je- 
 coris aselli. 
 
 OLENE, Ulna. 
 
 OLEO-CERATUM, Cerate— o. c. Aqua subac- 
 tum, Ceratum Galeni. 
 
 OLEO-CEROLE, Cerate. 
 
 OLEO-CEROLE RESINEUX, Unguentum. 
 
 OLEOLATS, Olea volatilia. 
 
 OLEOLES, Olea volatilia. 
 
 OLEOLS, Olea fixa. 
 
 OLEOSA CCHAR OLE, Elseosaccharum. 
 
 OLEOSACCHARUM, Eteosaccharum. 
 
 OLEOSUS, Oleaginous. 
 
 OLERA, see Lachanon. 
 
 OLETTE, MINERAL "WATERS OF. At 
 Olette, in the department Pyrenees Orientales, is 
 a thermal spring, which raises the thermometer 
 to 190° Fahr. It is the hottest in France. 
 
 OLEULES, Olea volatilia. 
 
 OLEUM, Oil — o. Abietis, see Pinus picea — o. 
 Absinthii, Artemisia absinthium, (oil of) — o. 
 Acusticum, Huile acouslique. 
 
 Oleum JSthe'reum, Spir'ilus ce'theris oleo'sus, 
 ^the'real oil (formed in the distillation of ether). 
 Oleum villi, Oil of wine. Heavy oil of wine, Sweet 
 oil of vit'riol, (F.) Iluile douce de vin. A pecu- 
 liar oleaginous matter, obtained by continuing 
 the distillation, after the whole of the sulphuric 
 ether has passed over in the process for the pre- 
 paration of the latter. It is used only as an in- 
 gredient in the compound spirit of ether. It is 
 officinal in the Ph. U. S. 
 
 Olkdm Ammoniatum, Linimentum ammonias 
 fortius. 
 
 Oleum Amyg'dal^ Aha'rje, Oil of Bitter 
 Almonds. An oil, obtained by distilling with 
 water the kernels or the fruit of Amygdalus com- 
 munis — variety, Amara. Its action is like that 
 
 of hydrocyanic acid — four drops having destroyed 
 a dog. Dose, a quarter of a drop to a drop. A 
 drop to a fluidounce of water forms a wash, 
 which has been used in Prurigo senilis, and other 
 forms of itching. 
 
 OLEuar Amygdala'rum, Oleum amyg'dalcB, Oil 
 of Almonds, (F.) Huile d'umandee. {Expressed 
 p-om- both sioeet and litter almonds, — Ami/gdalua 
 communis.) ^xvj of almonds yield 5 V of oil. It 
 is inodorous, insipid, and of a pale straw colour, 
 and is employed as a demulcent and emollient. 
 
 Oleum Anacardii, see Anacardium occiden- 
 tale. 
 
 Oleum Anima'le, An'imal oil, (F.) Huile ani- 
 male. An oil obtained by the decomposition of 
 the immediate principles of animals, subjected to 
 the action of heat. It is fetid, and always con- 
 tains a certain quantity of subcarbonate of am- 
 monia. See Olea Empyreumatica. The name 
 animal oil is sometimes also given to the fat con- 
 tained in the fatty vesicles. The composition of 
 this fat does not, indeed, differ from that of the 
 fixed oil. 
 
 Oleum Anima'le Dippe'lit, 0. comu cervi, 0. 
 0. C. recti fica' turn, 0. pyro-anima'le depura'tum 
 seu anima'le cethe'reum, Pyro'leum os'sium recti- 
 fica'tum. Animal oil, Animal oil of Dippiel, (F.) 
 Huile animale de Dipi^el ou de come de cerf, ia 
 obtained by distilling animal matters, especially 
 hartshorn, on the naked fire. The subcarbonate 
 of ammonia, which it contains, renders it partly 
 soluble in water, and communicates to it th© 
 stimulant properties for which it is used in medi- 
 cine. It is employed as an antispasmodic. 
 
 Oleum Anima'le Empyreumat'icum Chaber'- 
 Tl, 0. Empyreumat'icum seu anthelmin'ticum seu 
 contra tce'uiam Chaber'ti, Empyreumat'ic oil of 
 Chabert, Oil of Chabert, (F.) Huile anthelmin- 
 tique de Chabert, is made by adding one part of 
 animal oil to three parts of oil (f turpentine, 
 leaving them to combine for four daj's, and then 
 distilling three parts. An efi'eetive anthelmintic. 
 Dose, a teaspoonful three times a day. 
 
 Oleum Animaliza'tum per Infusio'nem, (F.) 
 Huile animal'isee piar infusion, H. aromatique 
 ou de pet its chiens. A preparation, formerly 
 esteemed tonic and cephalic. It was obtained 
 by boiling new-born puppies in oil, first depriv- 
 ing them of their blood, skin, and intestines. 
 When the decoction was cold, origanum, thyme, 
 pennyroyal, St. John's wort, and marjoram wers 
 added. 
 
 Oleum Anist, see Pimpinella anisum — 0. An- 
 thelminticum Chaberti, Oleum animale empyreu- 
 maticum Chaberti — o. Anthemidis, see Anthemis 
 nobilis — o. Aurantii, see Citrus aurantium — o. 
 Balaninum, Guilandina moringa (oleum) — a. 
 Balsami, see Amyris opobalsamum. 
 
 Oleum Benzo'ini, Oil of Benzoin or Benjamin. 
 An oil obtained by heating, in a sand-bath, the 
 matter which remains after benzoic acid has been 
 separated from benzoin by the aid of heat. It 
 has been regarded as balsamic and sudorific. 
 
 Oleum Bergamii, see Bergamot. 
 
 Olkum Bu'bulum, Neat's-fiot oil, (F.) Hi-ile 
 de pieds de btenf. It is obtained by boiling in 
 water for a long time the feet of the beef — Bos 
 domes' ticus — previously deprived of the hoof. It 
 is introduced into the oflicinal list of the Ph. U. 
 S. as an ingredient of the ointment of nitrate of 
 mercury. 
 
 Oleum Cacao Spissatum, Butter of Cacao — 
 0. Cadinum, see Juniperus oxycedrus — 0. Caju- 
 puti, Caieput (oil) — 0. Camphoratum, Linimen- 
 tum eamphorpe — 0. Cari seu Carui, Carum (oleum) 
 — o. Caryophylli, see Eugenia caryophyllata. 
 
 Oleum Ced'rinum, Essentia de cedro, (F.) 
 Huile de eedrat. The oil of the peel of citrons. 
 
OLEUM CHABERTI 
 
 650 
 
 OLFACTIF 
 
 obtained in Italy in a particular manner, without 
 
 distillation. 
 
 Olel'm Chaberti, 0. animale empyreumaticum 
 Chaberti — o. Chenopodii, see^ Chenopodium an- 
 thelmintic um — 0. Cicinum, see Ricinus commu- 
 nis — o. Cinnamomi, see Lauras einnamomum — 
 o. Contra Tasniam Chaberti, Oleum animale em- 
 pyreumaticum Chaberti. 
 
 Oleum Copa'iBjE, Oil of Copa'iba. (Copaib. 
 !bij ; AqucB, cong. iv. Distil three gallons ; sepa- 
 rate the oil ; return the water to the copaiba, and 
 again distil three gallons. Separate the oil, and 
 add it to the other. Ph. U. S.) Dose, gtt. x to 
 XXX. 
 
 Oleuit Cornu Cervi, 0. animale Dippelii^o. 
 Cubebae, see Piper cubebse — o. Euphorbiae lathy- 
 ridis, see Euphorbia lathyris — o. Fixum nucum 
 cocos butyraceffi, see Cocos butyraeea — o. Foeni- 
 culi, see Anethum — o. Gabianum, Petroleum — o. 
 Gallinfe, Alkale — o. GaultheriEe, see Gaultheria 
 — 0, Hedeomae, see Hedeoma pulegioides — o. Hy- 
 perici, see Hypericum perforatum — o. Infernale, 
 Jatropha curcas (oil). 
 
 Oleum Gkam'ixis Is'dici, Grass-oil of Ifemaur, 
 Gingergrass oil, called, by the perfumers, oil of 
 g era' Ilium, and oil of rose geranium, and occa- 
 sionally sold as oil of spikenard, is obtained from 
 Andropogon calamus aromatieus of India. It is 
 used as a perfume, and like the essential oils in 
 general. 
 
 Oleum Jec'oris Asel'li, 0. Mor'rhtim seu 
 Jec'oris MorrhucB seu Jecin'oris Aselli, Axun'gia 
 Ga'di, A. Pisci'na mari'nn, Codliver oil, Cod oil, 
 (F.) Haile de morue ou de Foie de morue. The 
 animal oil, which appears under this name in 
 commerce, is obtained from several of the species 
 belonging to the genus Gadus. The Cod, Gadus 
 mor'rhua ; the Dorse or Dorseh, Gadus Calla'rias, 
 Morrhua America' na; the Coalfish, Gadus car- 
 bona'riiis ; the Burbot, Gadus lota, Lota vulga'ris ; 
 the Pollock, Gadus polla'chius ; the Ling, Lota 
 molva; the Torsk, Bros'mius vulga'ris. There is 
 reason also to believe, that on the American 
 coast it is obtained, also, from the Hake, Gadus 
 merlue'eius, and the Haddock, Gadus ceglifi'nus. 
 The clearest sorts are generally used. An excel- 
 lent eutrophic, in tuberculous and strumous alfec- 
 tions, rheumatism, chronic cutaneous diseases, 
 and tumours of the mammas, &c. The dose for 
 an adult is from f gij to f ^iss. 
 
 Cod liver olein, prepared by subjecting codliver 
 oil to a low temperature and separating the olein 
 by pressure, has been used in the same cases as 
 the oil. 
 
 Skate liver oil, O'lenm ra'icB, obtained from 
 Ra'ia batis and B. clava'ta, is used in the same 
 cases and doses. 
 
 Oleum Jecoris Morrhua, Oleum jecoris 
 aselli — 0. Juniperi, see Juniperis communis — o. 
 Juniperi empyreumaticum, see Juniperus oxyce- 
 drus — 0. de Kerva, see Piicinus communis — o. 
 Kcrvinum, see Ricinus communis. 
 
 Oleum Lauri'num, 0. lauri. Oil of bays. 
 An oil obtained from bayberries, and sometimes 
 Used in sprains and bruises, unattended with in- 
 flammation. 
 
 Oleum Laurisum, Daphnelaeon, Unguentum 
 L. — 0. Lavandulae, see Lavandula — o. Lentisci- 
 num, Sehinelaeon — o. Limonis, see Citrus medica 
 — 0. Lini, see Linum usitatissimum — o. Lini cum 
 calce, Linimentum aquse ealcis. 
 
 Oleum Lu'cii Piscis, Oil of Pike. From the 
 liver of' the Esox Indus an oil is spontaneously 
 separated, which is used in some countries to de- 
 stroy specks on the cornea. 
 
 Oleum JIacidis, see Myristiea. 
 
 Oleum Malabathri, see Malabathrum — o. 
 Marise, see Fagara octandra — o. Mastichinum, 
 see Pistacia lentiscus — o. Melaleucse leucodendri. 
 
 Caieput (oil) — o. Menthce piperitae, see Mentha 
 piperita — o. Menthae viridis, Mentha viridis — o. 
 Monardse, Monarda punctata — o. Morrhuae, 0. 
 jecoris aselli. 
 
 Oleum e Mucilagis'ibus, Oil of Mu'cilages. 
 [Rud. althcBCB rec. tbss; sem. lini, sem. fceimgrcBci, 
 aa .^iij : aqua, Oij. Boil for half an hour; add 
 ol. oliv. Oiv ; continue the boiling till the water 
 is nearly consumed, and pour off the oil.) Emol- 
 lient. 
 
 Oleum Myeistic^, see Myristiea moscbata — 
 0. Myristiea expressum, see Myristiea — o. Neroli, 
 see Citrus aurantium — o. Nueista;, see Myristiea 
 — 0. Nueista aethereum, see Mj-ristica. 
 
 Oleum Oli't.e, 0. oliva'rum, Olive or Salad 
 oil. An inodorous, insipid, and transparent oil; 
 obtained by expression from the olive, when ripe. 
 It is demulcent and emollient, — possessing the 
 qualities of the fixed oils in general. 
 
 An inferior kind, obtained by boiling olives in 
 water, and skimming the oil from the surface, is 
 also used in Pharmacy. See Olea Europaea. 
 
 Oleum Omphacinum, Omotribes — o. Origani, 
 see Origanum — o. Oxydi cupri viride. Balsam, 
 green, of Metz — o. de Palma Christi, see Ricinus 
 communis — o. Palmas, see Cocos butyraeea — o. 
 Palmae liquidum, see Ricinus communis- — o. Pe- 
 trje, Petroleum — o. Petrse album, Naphtha — o. 
 Picinum, Brutia, Pisselseum — o. Pimentee, see 
 Myrtus pimenta — o. Pini purissimum, 0. tere- 
 binthinee rectificatum — o. Pulegii, see Mentha 
 pulegium — o. Pyro-animale, 0. animale Dippelii 
 — 0. Raise, see Oleum jecoris aselli — o. Ricini, 
 see Pkicinus communis — o. Rosae, see Rosa cen- 
 tifolia — 0. Rosarum, Rhodelseon — o. Rosmarini, 
 see Rosmarinus — o. Rutae, Peganelaeon — o. Rutse, 
 see Ruta — o. Sabinse, see Juniperus Sabina — o. 
 Sassafras, see Laurus sassafras — o. Sesami, see 
 Sesamum orientale — o. Sinapis, see Sinapis — o. 
 Spicje, see Lavandula spica — o. Spices vulgaris, 
 0. terebinthinae — o. Succini, see Succinum — o. 
 Succini rectificatum, see Succinum. 
 
 Oleum Sulphura'tum, Bal'samum sulph'nris 
 simj)lex, Sulph' urated oil. (Sulplnir. lot. ^ij ; 
 olivcB olei, ft)j. Heat the oil in a large iron pot, 
 and throw in the sulphur by degrees ; stirring 
 the mixture after each addition till they unite.) 
 It is stimulating, and was formerly much used in 
 coughs, asthma, &e., and, externally, to foul 
 ulcers. 
 
 Oleum Tab'aci, Oil of Tobacco. An empy- 
 reumatic oil, obtained from coarsely-powdered 
 tobacco by heating the retort to dull redness. — 
 Ph. U. S. 
 
 Oleum Tartari per Deliquium, Liquor po- 
 tassffi subcarbonatis — o, Templinum, see Pinus 
 mughos. 
 
 Oleum Terebin'thinje, Oil of Turpentine. 
 The volatile oil of the juice of pinus palustris, 
 and other species of pinus. 
 
 Oleum Terebix'thin^ Rectifica'ttjm, 0. pini 
 puris'simum 0. T. purifica' turn seu terebin'thincs 
 (Bthe' reum, Rectified oil of turpentine, Sp. of tur- 
 pentine. Common oil of turpentine is also called 
 Common oil of Spike, Oleum spica vulga're. 
 {Olei terebinth. Oj ; aqua, Oiv. Distil over the 
 oil.) It is stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, and 
 rubefacient. Dose, gtt. s to f^j. 
 
 Guestonian Embrocation for rheumatism con- 
 sists of ol. terebinth., ol. oliv. aa f^iss; acid 
 sulph. dil. f^iij. 
 
 Oleum Theobrom.e Cacao Expressum, Butter 
 of cacao — o. Tiglii, see Croton tiglium. 
 
 Oleum Valeria'n^, Oil of Vale'rlan. The 
 distilled oil of the root of Valeriana officinalis. — 
 Ph. U. S. Dose, four or five drops. 
 
 Oleum Vixi, 0. setbereum — o. Yitrioli, Sul- 
 phuric acid — 0. Yitrioli dulce, jEther sulphuricus. 
 
 OLFACTIF, Olfactory. 
 
OLFACTION 
 
 651 
 
 OMASUM 
 
 OLFACTION, Olfac'tus, from olfacere, olfac- 
 tum, [olere, 'to smell,' axiA facere, 'to make,') 'to 
 smell ;' Osphre'sis, Osphra'siri, Osphre'sia, Osme'- 
 sis, Odora'tio, Odura'tiis, Sensiis osmomet'rtciis, 
 Sense of smell, Smellincj, (F.) Odorat. The sense 
 by which we perceive the impressions made on 
 the olfactory nerves by the odorous particles sus- 
 pended in the atmosphere. The olfactory nerve 
 or first pair has usually been considered the great 
 nerve of smell ; and it is probably the nerve of 
 special sensibility, general sensibility being com- 
 municated by the branches of the fifth pair, dis- 
 tributed on the pituitary membrane of the nose 
 and sinuses. 
 
 OLFACTIVE, Olfactory. 
 
 OLFAC'TOEY, Olfacti've, Olfacti'vus, Olfacto'- 
 ritis, Osphran'ticus, Osphvante'rins, Osphre'ticus, 
 (F.) Olfaciif. Same etymon. That which be- 
 longs or relates to the sense of smell. 
 
 Olfactort Bulb, see Olfactory nerves. 
 
 Olfac'tory Foram'ina, (F.) Troiis (jlfact-ifs, 
 are the holes in the cribriform plate of the eth- 
 moid bone, through which the olfactory nerve 
 passes. 
 
 Olfactory Lobe, see Olfactory nerves. 
 
 Olfac'tory Nerves, Ethmoid'al nerves, Par 
 prinuim Nervo'rum cer'ehri, Nervi odorato'rii, 
 Proces'sus mamUla'res seu papUla'rum seu 
 mamillares cer'ehri ad nares seu papilla'res, Ca- 
 run'exdcB mamilla'res, — the Jirst pair of eneepTial'ie 
 nerves. This nerve, which probably arises from 
 the medulla oblongata, is observed to leave the 
 brain, opposite the inner part of the fissure of 
 Sylvius, by three roots ; which, by their union, 
 form a triangular knot or expansion. When it 
 reaches the ethmoid fossa it expands and forms 
 a triangular ganglion, or grayish, soft bulb, — 
 Bulbus olfacto'rius, Olfactory bulb, tubercle, or 
 lobe, — which furnishes, from its inferior surface, 
 the branckes that have to be distributed to the 
 nasal fossae. These filaments are very numerous ; 
 they pass through the foramina in the cribriform 
 plate and enter the nasal fossse. They are dis- 
 tinguished into the internal, external, and middle. 
 The former are distributed over the mucous mem- 
 brane, covering the outer paries of the nasal 
 fossae ; the second descend upon the septum, and 
 the third are lost, almost immediately, on the 
 portion of the pituitary membrane that lines the 
 vault of the fossae. 
 
 Olfactory Tubercle, see Olfactory nerves. 
 
 OLFACTUS, Olfaction — o. Acutus, Hyperos- 
 phresia — o. Amissio, Anosmia — o. Deflciens, 
 Anosmia — o. Depravatus, Parosmia. 
 
 OLIBANUM, see Juniperus lycia — o. Sylves- 
 tre, see Piiius abies — o. Vulgare, see Pinus abies. 
 
 0LIGj3EMIA, Anamia, Haemaporia, Hj'pEemia. 
 
 OLIGIDRIA, Ischidrosis. 
 
 OLIGO, from oAiyof, 'few, little:' in composi- 
 tion has these significations. 
 
 OLIGOBLEN'NIA, from oligo, and fiXtwa, 
 'mucus.' A deficiency of mucus. 
 
 OLIGOCHOL'IA, from oligo, and x''A'7, 'bile.' 
 Paucity of bile. 
 
 OLIGOCH'YLUS, from oligo, and x"^"?, 
 'juice,' ' chyle.' An epithet for food which is but 
 little nutritive ; which furnishes little chyle. 
 
 OLIGOCOP'RIA, from oAtyof, 'few,' and 
 Koirpog, ' excrement.' Scantiness of alvine evacu- 
 ations. 
 
 OLIGOCYTH^'MIA, from oligo, kvto;, 'a 
 cell,' and 'aifia, ' blood.' A condition of the blood 
 in which there is paucity of red corpuscles. 
 
 OLIGODAC'RYA, from oligo, and iuKfv, 'a 
 tear.' Paucity of lachrymal secretion. 
 
 OLIGOGALACTIA, Agalactia. 
 
 OLIGOGALIA, Agalaxis. 
 
 OLIGOHjEMIA, Ansemia, Haemaporia, Hy- 
 psemia.. 
 
 OLIGOPO'SIA, from oligo, and iroais, 'drink.' 
 Diminution in the quantity of drinks. 
 OLIGOPSYCHIA. Imbecility. 
 OLIGOSIA'LIA, from oligo, and aiaXov, 'sali- 
 va.' Paucity of saliva. 
 
 OLIGOSPER'MIA, from oligo, and avtfua, 
 'sperm.' Paucity of spermatic secretion. 
 
 OLIGOSPOND'YLUS, from oligo, 'small,' and 
 GTToviv'Xoi, 'a vertebra.' A monster with defective 
 vertebrae. — Gurlt. 
 
 OLIGOTRICH'IA, from oligo, and Spi^, 'hair.' 
 Want of hair. Paucit3' of hair. 
 
 OLIGOTROPHIA, Par'cior nvtrit"io, from 
 oligo, and rpt^w, 'I nourish.' Deficient nourish- 
 ment. 
 
 OLIGURE'SIA, Oligure'sis, Oligonre'sis, Oli- 
 goure'sia, from oligo, and ovpsu), 'I pass urine.' 
 Morbidly diminished urinary secretion. 
 
 OLISTHEMA, Luxation. 
 
 OLIVA, Olea Europaea. 
 
 OLIVjE, Corpora olivaria. 
 
 OLIVAIUE, Olive-shaped. 
 
 Cautere Olivaire, of the French surgeons, is a 
 cautery whose, extremity is terminated by a but- 
 ton having the shape of an olive. 
 
 OLIVARIS, Olive-shaped. 
 
 OLIVARY, Olive-shaped — o. Bodies, Corpora 
 olivaria. 
 
 Ol'ivary Peoc"ess, Proces'sus Oliva'ris, is a 
 small ridge, running transversely between, and a 
 little behind, the roots of the anterior clinoid pro- 
 cesses of the sphenoid bone, and by some consi- 
 dered as the fourth clinoid process. 
 
 OLIVE, see Olea Europaea — o. Tree, Olea 
 Europaea. 
 
 OLIVE-SHAPED, Oliva'ris, OUvifor'mis, Ol'- 
 ivary, (F.) Olivaire. Resembling an olive. See 
 Corpora olivaria. 
 
 OLIVES, PICKLED, Colymbades. 
 
 OLIVIER, Olea Europaea — o. de Boheme, Le- 
 dum palustre. 
 
 OLIVIFORMIS, Olive-shaped. 
 
 OLIVINA, see Olea Europaja. 
 
 OLLA CAPITIS, Cranium. 
 
 OLMITELLO, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 thermal spring in the isle of Ischia. Tempera- 
 ture, 100<^ Fahrenheit. 
 
 OLOPHLYCTIDE, Herpes. 
 
 OLOPHO'NIA, from oAAw, oWvu), 'Hose,' and 
 <l>ix)vri, 'voice.' Congenital misconstruction of the 
 vocal organs. — Good. 
 
 Olofhonia Labii Lobata, Harelip — o. Lin- 
 guae frsenata, see Ankyloglossum. 
 
 OLSNITIUM, Peucedanum palustre. 
 
 OLUS, Lachanon. 
 
 OLYMPIAN SPRINGS, see Kentucky, mine- 
 ral waters of. 
 
 OMA, u/za, in the termination of many words, 
 is perhaps derived from (of/of, 'crude, wild, imper- 
 fect,' as in sarcoma, atheroma, &c. 
 
 OMACEPH'ALUS, (F.) Omaciphale, fro^ 
 
 '.OS, 'the shoulder,' and aKi4>akos, 'devoid of 
 head.' A genus of paracephalous monsters, with- 
 out any neck — a slight depression indicating the 
 limits of the head and body. — I. G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 OM'AGRA, Hom'agra, from w/io?, 'the shoul- 
 der,' and aypa, 'a seizure.' Gout in the shoulder. 
 
 OMAL'GIA, from wixog, 'the shoulder,' and 
 aXyos, 'pain.' Pain in the shouldar. 
 
 OMARTHRI'TIS, from a.;.of, 'the shoulder,' 
 aptipov, 'a joint,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the shoulder-joint. 
 
 OMARTHROC'ACE, from u>^os, 'shoulder,' 
 ape^ov, 'a joint,' and /ca/coj, 'bad.' Arthroeace of 
 the shoulder-joint. Caries or suppuration of the 
 shoulder-joint. 
 
 OMA'SUM, Omasns, llanyplies, (Sc.) Jfon{~ 
 plies, Monnyplies, (P.) Feuillet, Millefeuillet, 
 
 (i)/i 
 
OMBILIC 
 
 65 2 
 
 ONCOTOMT 
 
 Li'vret, Psauiier. The third stomach of ruminant 
 animals. 
 
 OMBILIC, Umbilicus. 
 
 OMBILICAL, Umbilical. 
 
 OMBRAGE, Nebula. 
 
 OMEN^TA, Meninges. 
 
 OMENTESIS, Epiploitis. 
 
 OMENTITIS, Epiploitis. 
 
 OMENTULA, Appendiculas pinguedinosa3. 
 
 OMENTUM, Epiploon— 0. Colicum, Epiploon, 
 colic — 0. Grastro-colicum, Epiploon, gastro-colic 
 — 0. Gastro-splenic, Epiploon, gastro-splenic — o. 
 Great, Epiploon, gastro-colic — o. Hepato-gastri- 
 cum. Epiploon, gastro-hepatic — o. Lesser, Epi- 
 ploon, gastro-hepatic — o. Majus, Epiploon, gastro- 
 colic — o. Minus, Epiploon, gastro-hepatic — o. 
 Ossium, Periosteum — o. Sac of the, see Epiploon, 
 gastro-hepatic — o. Third, Epiploon, colic. 
 
 OMICHESIS, Micturition. 
 
 OMICHMA, Urine. 
 
 OMI'TIS, from w/iof, 'the shoulder,' and ids, 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation in or about 
 the shoulder-joint. 
 
 OMMA, Eye, Vision. 
 
 OMNIPHAGUS, Omnivorous. 
 
 OMNI rORE, Omnivorous. 
 
 OMNIVOROUS, Omniv'ortis, Omniph'agm, 
 Paiitoph'agus, (F.) Omnii-ore, from oninis, 'all,' 
 and voro, '1 eat.' An epithet for animals — Pan- 
 toph' agists — which eat every kind of food, animal 
 or vegetable. 
 
 OMO. In the composition of anatomical 
 terms, an abridgment of omo9 or omus, the hu- 
 merus. 
 
 OMO-CLAVICULAR, see Coraco-clavicular. 
 
 OMOCOTYLE, see Glene. 
 
 OMO-HYOIDEUS, Cor'aeo-hyoideus, Hijrndis 
 Qnartiis JIus'culus, (F.) Scapnlo-hyoicUen, Omo- 
 liyn'idieii, moplat-hyoidien. This muscle is situate 
 obliquely at the sides and front of the neck. It 
 is slender, long, and flat. It arises from the su- 
 perior eosta of the scapula, near the semi-lunar 
 notch, and from the ligament that runs across it, 
 and is inserted at the sides of the inferior margin 
 of the body of the os hyoides. It consists of two 
 fasciculi, united by a common tendon, and is a true 
 digastric muscle. It depresses the os hyoides, 
 carrying it a little backwards, and to one side, 
 except when it acts with its fellow, when the bone 
 is depressed, and drawn obliquely backwards. 
 
 OMOPHAG-"IA, Omosit'ia, from w//o?, 'raw,' 
 and (payu), 'I eat.' Fondness for raw food. Eat- 
 ing of raw food. 
 
 OMOPLATE, Scapula — o. Col de I', Collum 
 scapulae. 
 
 OJIOPLA T-HYOIDIEN, Omo-hyoideus. 
 
 OMOS, Crude, Humerus. 
 
 OMOSITIA, Omophagia. 
 
 OMOTAR'ICHOS, from u/iof, 'the shoulder,' 
 and Ta(ii-)(og, 'pickled.' Sahamen'tnm crudiim ; 
 Salted Tunny Fixh, in particular. Properly, the 
 neck or shoulder-piece of a salted animal. Once 
 much recommended against the bites of vipers, 
 and in hydrophobia. 
 
 OMOTES, Crudity. 
 
 OMOTOCIA, Abortion. 
 
 OMOT'RIBES, Onjphac"innm O'leum, from 
 ■ofios, 'crude,' and roi/3a), 'I bruise.' Oil expressed 
 from unripe olives. 
 
 OMPHA'CION, ofiipaKiov, from ojKiaKo;, 'an 
 unripe grape :' — Succus uvcb acer'bae. Ompha'cium. 
 The iuice of unripe grapes. Also, Verjuice. 
 
 OMPHACI'TES (VINUM). A name given 
 to wine prepared from the unripe grape. Om- 
 phaci'tis is the name of a small gall. — Dios- 
 corides. 
 
 OMPHACIUM. Verjuice. 
 OMPHACOM'ELI, from oni*)aKo;, 'an unripe 
 
 grape,' and jiiki, 'honey.' A sort of oxymel, made 
 of the iuice of unripe grapes and honey. 
 
 OMPHALELCO'SIS, from ofj_<paXos, 'the navel,' 
 and 'eXuo;, 'an ulcer.' Ulceration of the navel. 
 OMPHALEXOCHE. Esomphalus. 
 OMPHALOCARPUS, Galium aparine. 
 OMPHALOCELE. Exomphalos. 
 OM'PHALO-CRA'NIODID'YMUS, from o,.- 
 <pa\os, 'the navel,' icpavtoi-, 'the cranium,' and 
 SiSvuo;, 'a twin.' A double monster, in which the 
 umbilical cord or the rudiment of one foetus is 
 rooted in the cranium of another. 
 
 OMPHALOMANTI'A, Om'phalomancy, from 
 ojiipaXos, 'the navel,' and fiavTua, 'prophecy.' A 
 species of divination, practised by credulous ma- 
 trons, who pretend to be able to know the num- 
 ber of children a female will have, by the number 
 of knots in the navel-string of the child. 
 
 OM'PHALO-MESENTER'IC,Omj9^oZo-)nesen- 
 ter'icus, Om'phalo-mcsara'icus / from. o/KpaXos, 'the 
 navel,' and mesenterium, 'the mesentery.' 
 
 OsiPHALO-MESfsxTERic VESSELS, TiteU lo-me- 
 aenter'ic, Vit'eUine vessels. Haller gave this name 
 to two very fine vessels, which spread their rami- 
 fications on the parietes of the umbilical vesicle. 
 There is an omjohalo-mesenterie artery and vein. 
 The ompTialo-mesenteric artery is a branch of the 
 superior mesenteric; — the vein empties itself into 
 the trunk, or into one of the branches of the su- 
 perior mesenteric. Velpeau afiirms, that they 
 inosculate with a branch of the second or third 
 order of those great vessels, with those in parti- 
 cular that are distributed to the crecum, and he 
 regards them to be the vessels of nutrition of the 
 umbilical vesicle. They are occasionally met 
 with in the foetus, at the full period, under the 
 form of whitish filaments, which extend from the 
 mesenteric vessels to the umbilicus. 
 
 M P H A L - MESERAIC, Omphalo-mesen- 
 teric. 
 
 OMPHALONCUS, Omphalophvma. 
 
 MPHAL ON EURORRHEXIS, Ompha- 
 lorrhexis. 
 
 OMPHALOPHLEBI'TIS, from o^^aXof, 'the 
 umbilicus,' and phlebitis, 'inflammation of a vein.' 
 Inflammation of the umbilical vein. 
 
 OMPHALOPHY'MA, Omphalon'eus, from ofi- 
 (pa\og, 'the navel,' and (pv/ia, 'tumour.' A tume- 
 faction of the navel. 
 
 OMPHALOPROPTOSIS, Exomphalus. 
 
 OMPHALORRHAG " lA, Omphalor ' rhage, 
 from ojjitpaXog, 'the umbilicus,' and pnywixi, 'I 
 break out.' Hemorrhage from the umbilicus, in 
 the new-born in particular. 
 
 OMPHALORRHEX'IS, from oti(l>a\o;, 'navel,' 
 and pis'^i 'rupture.' Omphaloneurorrhex,' is. Rup- 
 ture of the navel string. 
 
 OMPHALOS, Umbilicus. 
 
 OMPH'ALOSITE, from onipaXo;, 'the navel,' 
 and (TITOS, 'nourishment.' A monster that pos- 
 sesses an imperfect kind of life, which ceases 
 when the umbilical cord is divided. 
 
 OMPHALOT'OMY, Ompholotom'ia, from o^- 
 (faXo?, 'the umbilicus,' and tc/xvo}, 'I cut.' The 
 division of the navel string. 
 
 OMPHALUS, Umbilicus. 
 
 OMUS, Crude, Humenis. 
 
 ONAGRA, (Enothera biennis. 
 
 ONANIA, Masturbation. 
 
 ONANISM, Masturbation. 
 
 ON-COME. A Scotch term, according to Sir 
 Walter Scott, for "mysterious diseases, which 
 baffle the regular physician." 
 
 ONCOS, Tumour. 
 
 ONCO'SES, from oyKc;, 'a tumour.' Tumours, 
 as diseases. 
 
 ONCOSIS, Intumescence. 
 
 ONCOT'OMY, Oncotom'ia, Onhotomy, from 
 oyxoj, 'a tumour,' and royirj, 'incision.' The open- 
 
ONCTION 
 
 653 
 
 OPACITY 
 
 ing of an abscess with a cutting instrument, or 
 the excision of a tumour. 
 
 NOTION, Inunction. 
 
 ONCUS, Swelling, Tumour. 
 
 ONDULATION, Fluctuation. 
 
 ONEBERRY, Paris. 
 
 ONEIROCRIT'ICUS, Oneiroc' rites, from ovu- 
 po;, 'a, dream,' and Kpiat;, 'judgment.' One who 
 judges according to dreams. 
 
 ONEIROD YN'IA, from ovupo;, and oSvvv, 
 'pain.' Painful dreams. Incubus and Somnam- 
 hulism are oneirodynias. 
 
 Oneirodynia Activa, Paroniria, Somnambu- 
 lism — o. Gravans, Incubus. 
 
 ONETRODYNIE GRAVATIVE, Incubus. 
 
 ONEIROG'MUS, Oneirog'yne, OneiropoV esis, 
 from oueipog, 'a dream.' A lascivious dream; 
 pollution ; nocturnal pollution. 
 
 ONEIROGONORRHCEA, Pollution, nocturnal. 
 
 ONEIROGONOS, Pollution. 
 
 ONEIROL'OGY, Oiieirolog"{a, from ovupu;, 
 'a. dream,' and Aoj/oj, 'a description.' The doc- 
 trine of dreams. 
 
 ONEIROMANTI'A, from oveipos, 'a dream,' 
 and ftavTcia, 'divination.' The art of divining by 
 dreams ; or of interpreting dreams. 
 
 ONEIRON'OSUS, from ovcipoi, and vooog, 'a 
 disease.' Somnia'tio morbo'sa. Morbid, uneasy 
 dreaming. 
 
 ONEIROPOLESIS, Oneirogmus. 
 
 ONERA ALVI, Excrement. 
 
 ONGLADE, Paronychia. 
 
 ONGLE, Nail — o. Incame, Onj'chogryphosis. 
 
 ONGLEE (F.), Bigito'rum stupor a (je.lu. 
 Painful numbness at the extremities of the fin- 
 gers, caused by cold. 
 
 ONGLET, Pterygiori. 
 
 ONGUENT, Unguentum — o. d'AltJiea, Ungu- 
 entum de Altbasa — o. Blanc, Ceratum cetacei — o. 
 de Blanc de baleine, Unguentum cetacei — o. 
 Blanc de Rhazes, Unguentum plumbi subcarbo- 
 natis — o. de Ceruse, Unguentum plumbi subcar- 
 bonatis — o. Oitrin contre la gale, Unguentum hy- 
 drargyri nitras — o. Bi'gesHf simple, Unguentum 
 digestivum simplex — o. Gris, Unguentum oxidi 
 hydrargyri cinereum — o. de Guimauve, Unguen- 
 tum de althaea — o. de Lanrier, Unguentum lau- 
 rinum — o. 3Iercuriel, Unguentum hydrargyri — o. 
 Napolitain, Unguentum hydrargyri — o. de Nitrate 
 de mercure, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis — o. 
 de Poix et de cire, Basilicon — o. de Soldat, Mar- 
 tiatum unguentum — o. de Surean, Unguentum 
 sambuei — o. de Tornamira, Unguentum plumbi 
 subcarbonatis. 
 
 ONION, COMMON, Allium cepa — o. Sea, 
 Scilla. , 
 
 ONIS'CUS, Asel'his, Cu'tio, Porcel'lio, Parcel'- 
 lus, Por' cuius, diminutive of oi/of, 'a small ass.' 
 A genus of insects, Glass, Crustacea, very com- 
 mon in cellars and dark and moist places. 
 
 Onisci Aselli, Millep'edes, Aselli, Millep'edcB, 
 Faba, Wood-lice, Slaters, Hog-lice, (F.) Clopor- 
 tes ordinaires, had, at one time, a place in the 
 pharmacopoeias. They were considered stimulant 
 and diuretic, and useful in jaundice. 
 
 ONITIS, Origanum dictamnus. 
 
 ONKOTOMY, Oneotomy. 
 
 ONOLOSAT, Obolus. 
 
 ONOMATOCLESIS, Nomenclature 
 
 ONOMATOLOGIA, Nomenclature. 
 
 ONONIS ANTIQUORUM, 0. spinosa. 
 
 Ono'nis Arven'sis, (F.) Bugrane des champs, 
 has properties like the next. 
 
 Ononis Spino'sa, Ano'nis, Resta seu Arres'ta 
 hovis, Rem'ora Ara'tri, Ononis anfiguo'rum. Rest 
 harrow, (F.) Arrele-bceiif, Bugrande epineuse, Bu- 
 grane. Nat. Ord. Leguminosse. Sex. Syst. Dia- 
 delphia Decandria. The root of this plant was 
 once used as a diuretic. 
 
 ONOPORDON ACAN'TIIIUM, Onopor'dum 
 acan'ihium, Car'dnns tomento'sns, Acan'ihium, 
 Ac'anos, A. spina. Spina alba, Cotton Thistle, 
 (F.) Chardon aux Anes. Ord. Compositae. Seve. 
 Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia sequalis. The ex- 
 pressed juice has been recommended as a cure for 
 cancer, applied externally. 
 
 ONOPORDUM ACANTHIUM, Onopordon 
 acanthiura. 
 
 ONTIIUS, Fimus. 
 
 ONYCHATROPH'IA,A<)-Ojp7i,'ja»ji'(/)<n(m,from 
 ovv^, ovvxoSt 'a nail,' and atrojihia, 'want of nour- 
 ishment.' Atrophy of the nails. 
 
 ONYCHAUX'B, Hypertroph'ia un'guium, from 
 ovuf, ovv')^os, 'a nail,' and avi,ri, 'increase.' Unu- 
 sual increase of the size and thickness of the 
 nails. 
 
 ONYCHEXALLAX'IS, from o.-«f, ovvxo?, 'a 
 nail,' and e^u'Wa^i;, ' change. A morbid condition 
 of the nails. 
 
 ONYCHIA, Paronychia. 
 
 ONYCHI'TIS, from on)|, owxoi, ' a nail,' and 
 itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of a 
 nail. See P'aronychia. 
 
 ONYCHOCLASIS, from ovj^, ovvxo;. 'a nail,' 
 and K^ao-ij. 'fracture.' Fracture of a nail. 
 
 ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS, Onychogryphosis. 
 
 ON YC H G R Y P H ' S I S, Onychogrypo'sis, 
 Onychogrypto'sis, Oiiychocryjjto'sis, Gripho'sis, 
 Gryjiho'sis, Onyx' is, from ovv^, ovvx^i' 'a nail,' 
 and _iyr?/^jo«i's, 'crookedness.' Curvature of the 
 nails ; such as occurs in hectic individuals. Also, 
 growing in of the nails; Incama'tio seu Admica'- 
 tio seu Arctn'ra un'guium, (F. ) Ongle incame. 
 
 ONYCHON'OSI, Onychonu'si, fromovu^, ovvxoi, 
 'a nail,' and voaoi, 'a disease.' Disease of the 
 nails. 
 
 ONYCHOPH'THORA, Onychophtho'ria, Ony- 
 coph'thora, Onycophtho'ria, from ovv^, ovvyo;, 
 'the nail,' and cpSopa, 'degeneration.' A degene- 
 rate condition or destruction of the nails. 
 
 ONYCHOPHY'MA, from ow^, owxo?, 'the 
 nail,' and ipv/ua, ' a tumour.' A painful degene- 
 ration of the nails, which become thick, rough, 
 and crooked. It occurs as a symptom of syphi- 
 lis and of lepra. 
 
 ONYCHOPTO'SIS, Piptonyc'hia, Bim'resis, 
 Un'gulcB, from ovwf, ovvxoi, 'a nail,' and Trrwtri;, 
 'falling.' The falling off of the nails. 
 
 ONYCOPHTHORA, Onychophthora. 
 
 ONYX, Hook (blunt). Nail, Pterygion. Also, a 
 collection of purulent matter between the laminas 
 of the cornea, having the shape of a nail. Un- 
 guis Lunula. 
 
 ONYXIS, Onychogrvphosis. 
 
 ONYXITIS, see Paronychia. 
 
 OOCYESIS, Pregnancy, ovarian. 
 
 OODEOCELE, see Hernia (foraminis ovalis.) 
 
 CODES, Aqueous humour, Oval. 
 
 OOG'ALA, O'og'la, Ogla, Puis ex Ovis et Lncte. 
 Milk of eggs, from uuv, 'an egg,' and ya\a, 'milk.' 
 A preparation of esrgs and milk. 
 
 OOGLA, Oogala." 
 
 OOIDES, Aqueous humour. Oval. 
 
 OOLEMMA PELLUCIDUM, Zona pellueida. 
 
 OOLOG"IA, Ovolog"ia, Ovol'ogy, from ojov, 
 'an ovum or egg,' and Xuyo;, 'a discourse,' 'a 
 description.' A description of the ovum. 
 
 OON, Ovum. 
 
 OONINB, Albumen. 
 
 OOPH'AGOUS, Oo2)h'agus, from wov, 'an egg, 
 and (/layo), 'I eat.' Feeding on eggs. 
 
 OOPHORAUXE, Oarioparectama. 
 
 OOPHORITIS, Oaritis. 
 
 OOPHORON, Ovary. 
 
 OORITIS, Oaritis. 
 
 OPACITY, Opac"itas, Opal-eness ; troDf 
 opacare, 'to obscure.' Quality of that which la 
 
OPAKE 
 
 654 
 
 OPHTHALMIA 
 
 opake. The property possessed by some bodies 
 of not allowing the light to traverse them. It is 
 opposed to transparency. Opacity of the cornea 
 constitutes albugo or leucoma ; — opacity of the 
 crystalline causes cataract. 
 
 OPAKE', Opa'cus, Opa'cous. Same etymon. 
 An epithet given to bodies, which do not permit 
 the passage of rays of light. The opake cornea 
 is the sclerotica, in contradistinction to the trans- 
 jtnrent cornea or true cornea. 
 
 OPAKENESS, Opacity. 
 
 OP'ALINE. That which resembles the opal. 
 A fluid is said to be opaline, when milky, and 
 when it presents an appearance more or less like 
 that of the opal. 
 
 OPEOCELE, see Hernia. 
 
 OPERATIO, Action, Operation — o. Chirur- 
 gica, see Operation — o. Chymica seu pharma- 
 ceutica. Operation, chymical, <fcc. — o. Simplex, 
 Haplotomia. 
 
 OPEPiA'TIOX, Opera'tio, from opus, operis, 
 'work.' The application of instruments to the 
 human body with the view of curing disease. 
 The object of an operation, opera'tio chirnr'gica, 
 is generally to divide or reunite parts, to extract 
 extraneous or noxious bodies, and to replace or- 
 gans that are wanting, by different instruments 
 or artificial means. The principal operatory me- 
 thods have been called Synthesis, DicBresis, E.rm- 
 resis, and Profhesis. Frequently, the most diffi- 
 cult subject connected with an operation is to 
 decide when it is absolutely called for or advisa- 
 ble, and when improper. 
 
 OPERATION A LAMBEAU, see Flap. 
 
 Operation, Bilateral, see Lithotomy — o. Ce- 
 earienne, Cassarean section. 
 
 Operation, Chtm'ical or Pharsiaceu'tical, 
 Opera'tio chym'ica seu 2^Aar?;iacei('<ica, is any 
 process whose object is the preparation of medi- 
 cines; their combinations with each other, ana- 
 lysis, and decomposition : — such are, solution, 
 distillation, sublimation, evaporation, digestion, 
 maceration, infusion, decoction, calcination, &c. 
 Some of these operations are mechanical; others, 
 really chymical. 
 
 Operation, High, see Lithotomy — o. Lateral, 
 see Lithotorav — o. Sigaultian, Symphyseotomy. 
 
 OP'ERATOR. Same etymon. -A surgeon 
 who is in the habit of practising the greater ope- 
 rations. One who performs any operation. To 
 be a good operator, the surgeon must be well ac- 
 quainted with anatomy, and be possessed of 
 strong nerve. See Surgeon. 
 
 OPER'CULUM, Operto'rium, Operimen'tum, 
 from operire, ' to cover.' A cover or lid. In 
 fishes, the gill cover. 
 
 OpERCTJLaJi AsPBR.5; Arteri.e, Larynx — o. 
 Cutis, Epidermis — o. Ilei, Bauhin, valve of — o. 
 Laryngis, Epiglottis— o. Oculi, Palpebra. 
 
 Operculum Papilla'rum. A shield for the 
 nipple. 
 
 OPERIMEXTUM, Operculum — o. Intestino- 
 rum, Epiploon — o. Prajtensum abdominis, Peri- 
 tonneum. 
 
 OPERTORIUM. Operculum. 
 
 OPHELIA CHIRATA, Gentiana chirayta. 
 
 OPHIASIS. Calvities, Porrigo decalvans. 
 
 OPHIOGLOS'SUM VULGA'TUM, 0. ova'txim 
 SBUechinoglos'sum, (o<pig, 'a serpent,' and yXwaaa, 
 ' a tongue,') Lingua serpenta'ria, Adder's Tongue, 
 (F.) Lnngue de Serpent. Ord. Filices. Sex. 
 Syst. Cryptogaraia. This plant was formerly 
 considered to be vulnerary. 
 
 OPHIOPH'AGOUS, Ophioph'agns, from o^k, 
 'a serpent,' and 0ayu, 'I eat.' An epithet for 
 animals which feed on serpents. Pliny has called 
 certain African tribes by this name. 
 
 GPHIORRHI'ZA, 0. nvmgo.o. from ofi;, 'a 
 serpent,' and pi^<«, 'root.' Family, Gentianacese. 
 
 Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The name of 
 the plant whose root has been called Radix Ser- 
 pen'tum, ilungos Radix. The bitter root is much 
 esteemed in Java, Sumatra, &c., for preventing 
 the effects that usually follow the bite of the 
 naja, a venomous serpent; with which view it is 
 eaten by the natives. It is, also, a reputed an- 
 thelmintic. 
 
 OPHIOXYLOX, Ophioxylum. 
 
 OPHIOX'YLUM, from o^ty, 'a serpent,' and 
 ^vSov, 'wood.' Ophioxylum seu Ophioxylon ser- 
 jjenti'nuM seu trifolia'tum, Acaioe'ria, Lignum 
 serpentum, Ord. Apocynaceoe, has been recom- 
 mended in the bites of serpents, and in intermit- 
 tents. It is said to be very bitter. 
 
 OPHIS, Serpent. 
 
 OPHI'TES, from o0ij, 'a serpent.' Serpenti'- 
 nus, Ser'pentine or Black Por'phyry. This rock 
 was formerly worn as an amulet, to cure diseases 
 of the head. 
 
 OPHROSTAPHYLON, Bryonia alba. 
 
 OPHRYS, Supercilium. 
 
 OPHTHALMAL'GIA, from 04,^0X110^, 'the 
 eye,' and a\yo;, 'pain.' Pain in the eye. Neu- 
 ralgia of the eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMEMPASMA, Collyrium siccum. 
 
 OPHTHAL'MIA, Ophthalmi'tis, from o(p^a\jioi, 
 'the eye.' Oculo'rum infiamma'tio, Caitma oph- 
 thalmi'tis, Ophthalmopo' nia, Inflamma'tion of the 
 Eye, Ophthal'my, (F.) Ophthalmie, Ophthalmite, 
 Injlammation de I'ceil, Catarrhe oculaire. Three 
 great varieties of ophthalmia, independently of 
 the acute and chronic (which conditions occur in 
 all inflammations,) may be reckoned: — the Oph- 
 thalmia membranarum, 0. purulenta, and 0. tarsi. 
 The first is characterized by the general symp- 
 toms of ophthalmia; — pain and redness of the 
 eye or its appendages; with intolerance of light, 
 and unusual flow of tears ; the inflammation being 
 seated chiefly in the coats of the eyeball. It is 
 the Hy nienophthal' mia, Ophthalmia tarax'is seu 
 hu'mida seu vera seu chemo'sis, Conjunctivi'tis, 
 Infiamma'tio conJuncti'vcB, Symj^hymeni'tis, Syn- 
 desmi'tis, Catarr'hal ophthalmia, Ophthalmo-con- 
 junctivi'tis, Epiph'ora (Galen), Conjunctival or 
 Lach'rym6se Ophthal'mia, Tarax'is (Paulus of 
 ^gina), Chemo'sis (Aetius), (F.) Conjonctivite, 
 Inflammation de la conjonctive. In the second,^- 
 Ophthalmia purulen'ta seu puriform'is, Blennoph- 
 thnlmia, Bleph'aroblenorrhoe'a, Opthalmoblennor- 
 rhoea, Blennorrhoea oc'uli — the internal surface 
 of the palpebrse associates in the inflammation 
 of the eye-ball ; and there is a copious secretion 
 of a purulent fluid. An epidemic and contagious 
 [?] variety of this is the .Egyptian Ophthalmia, 
 0. epidem'ica seu purulen'ta epidem'ica seu con- 
 tagio'sa seu catarrha'lis bel'lica seu bel'lica seu 
 Asiat'ica sen purulenta contagio'sa, Blennorrhce'a 
 Oculi JEgyptiaca, Lcemojjhthal'mia, Conjunctivi'- 
 tis pnro-muco' sa contagio'sa seu ^gyptiaca, Ble- 
 piharo'tis glandula'ris contagio'sa, Adeni'tis pal- 
 pebra'rum contagiosa, Sup'purative ophthalmia, 
 Epideynic contagious ophthal'mia — called Egyp- 
 tian, from its prevalence in Egypt during the 
 British Expedition under Sir Ralph Abercrombie. 
 The inflammation is rapid and destructive; gra- 
 nulations shoot from the tunica conjunctiva, and 
 occasionally there is intolerable pain, often suc- 
 ceeded by delirium. In new-born children, a 
 species of purulent ophthalmia, 0. purulen'ta 
 infan'tum seu neonnto'rum, Blepharophthahnia 
 seu Lippitu'do seu Blennorrhce'a Oc'uli seu Oph- 
 thal' mo-hlennorrhce' a seu Blepharo-blennorrhoe'a 
 seu Blepharo-pyorrhce'a seu Pyophthalmia, Psor- 
 ophthahnia neonato' rum, Adenosynchitoni' tis, (F.) 
 Ophthalmie puriforme des nouveau-nes, in which 
 the palpebraj are florid and peculiarly tumid, is 
 by no means uncommon. It seems to be caused 
 by acrid discharges from the mother, applied to 
 
OPHTHALMIATER 
 
 65 5 
 
 OPHTHALMIC 
 
 the eye of the infant during its exit; or to the 
 stimulus of the light, when the child first opens 
 its eyes. A severe form of purulent ophthalmia 
 — Hypercoiijonctivite (Piorry) — ^is produced by 
 the application of gonorrhoea! matter to the eye. 
 It is the Ophthalmia gonorrho'ica, Blennorrhce' a 
 ociili (/niiorrho'ica, Gonorrhoblepharrhce'a, Gon- 
 junctivitis hlennorrhag" ica seu gonorrho'ica, Qo- 
 norrhoe'al Ophthal'mia, (P.) Ophthalmie hlennor- 
 rhagique, Coiijonctivite blennorrhagique. 
 
 Ophthalmia is likewise modified by the condi- 
 tion of the constitution, and hence we have stru- 
 
 moiti, variolous, and other inflammations of the 
 conjunctiva. 
 
 The third variety — the OphtTialmia Tarsi seu 
 glutino'sa, Blepharophthal'mia, Blepharotia, Ble- 
 pharoti'tis, Blephari'tis, Blepharadeni'tis, Psor- 
 ophthal'mia, Oc'uli palpebra' rum sca'bies pruri- 
 gino'sa, Adetiophthalmia — is seated chiefly in tho 
 tarsus; the sebaceous crypts secreting a viscid 
 and acrid fluid, that glues and ulcerates its edges, 
 and irritates the eye. 
 
 The different forms of inflammation of the con- 
 junctiva are thus classed by M. Desmarres : 
 
 '1. Pure or phlegmonous. 
 2. Pustular. 
 
 Conjunctivitis \ 
 
 3. Granular or catarrhal. 
 
 'Contagious. 
 Non-contagious. 
 Miasmatic. 
 
 f Erysipelatous. 
 
 Exanthematic \ ^/''V'.lr'- 
 
 Morbiuous. 
 
 [ Scarlatinous, 
 
 Of new-born infants. 
 
 4. Purulent < Gonorrhoeal. 
 
 . Egyptian. 
 
 Conjunctivitis, when slight, requires little treat- 
 ment: the antiphlogistic regimen — and, particu- 
 larly, avoiding exposure to light, — being all that 
 is necessary. When more severe, along with 
 this, general and local blood-letting, especially 
 by leeches to the side of the septum narium, 
 must be employed so as to make a decided im- 
 pression on the system ; with nauseating doses 
 of antimony, purgatives, blisters (at some dis- 
 tance from the organ), refrigerants; and astrin- 
 gents, cold or warm, according to circumstances, 
 to the eye. In Purulent Ophthalmij, these mea- 
 sures must be still more actively employed, other- 
 wise disorganization will speedily follow: — the 
 granulations, which form on the adnata of the 
 eyelids may be removed with the scissors, and 
 the sore be touched with a solution of alum. 
 Ophthalmia Tarsi must be treated on general 
 principles, when severe. It usually, however, 
 requires merely the antiphlogistic regimen, with 
 the occasional use, especially at night, of a 
 slightly stimulating ointment, such as the ungu- 
 entum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi, considerably re- 
 duced with lard. The ointment prevents the 
 eyelids from being glued together during the 
 night, and thus obviates the irritation caused by 
 attempts at separating them. 
 
 Ophthalmia, Egyptian, see Ophthalmia — o. 
 Asiatica, see Ophthalmia — o. Bellica, see Oph- 
 thalmia — o. Biliosa, Ophthalinocholosis — o. Ca- 
 tarrhal, see Ophthalmia — o. Catarrhalis bellica, 
 see Ophthalmia — o. Chronica, Lippitudo — o. Con- 
 junctival, see Ophthalmia — o. Contagiosa, see 
 Ophthalmia — o. Epidemica, see Ophthalmia — o. 
 Glutinosa, see Ophthalmia — o. Gonorrhoica, see 
 Ophthalmia — o. Gonorrhoeal, see Ophthalmia — 
 o. Humida, see Ophthalmia — o. Lachrymose, see 
 Ophthalmia — o. Membranarum, see Ophthalmia 
 
 — o. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia — o. Phl3'cte- 
 nular, see Ophthalmia — o. Puriformis, see Oph- 
 thalmia — 0. Purulenta, see Ophthalmia — o. Puru- 
 lenta contagiosa, see Ophthalmia — o. Purulenta 
 epidemica, see Ophthalmia — o. Purulenta infan- 
 tum, see Ophthalmia — o. Rheumatic, Sclerotitis 
 
 — 0. Sicca, Xerophthalmia — o. Supj)urative, see 
 Ophthalmia — o. Taraxis, see Ophthalmia — o. 
 Tarsi, see Ophthalmia — o. Ulcerosa, Helcoph- 
 thalmia — o. Varicose, Cirsophthalmia — o. Vera, 
 see Ophthalmia. 
 
 OPHTHALMIATER, Oculist. 
 P H T HALMIATRI'A, Ophthalmiatrotech'- 
 nica, Ophthalmotherapi'a, (F.) Octdisttque ; from 
 
 ophfhalmos, and larpog, ' a physician.' The art 
 of the oculist. Treatment of diseases of the eye. 
 
 P H T HALMIATROTECHNICA, Ophthal- 
 miatria. 
 
 OPHTHAL'MIC, Ophthal' micua, from oph- 
 thalmos. That which relates or belongs to 
 the eye. 
 
 Ophthalmic Artery, A. orbifaire, (Ch.) arises 
 from the internal carotid, and issues from the 
 cranium by the foramen opticum. At first, it is 
 situate at the outer and lower side of the optic 
 nerve, but ascends above this nerve, and passes 
 towards the inner angle of the orbit. It fur- 
 nishes, in its course, the lachrymal, centralis re- 
 tmcB, infra-orbitars, ciliaries, anterior ciliaries, 
 inferior and superior musculars, anterior and 
 jmsterior ethmoidals, and superior and inferior 
 palpebrals. After having given off these, it di- 
 vides into two branches — the frontal and nasal, 
 which furnish a number of ramifications, — some 
 superficial, others deep-seated. 
 
 Ophthal'mic Gang'lion, Lentic'ular or Cil'- 
 iary ganglion, Ganglion ophthal'micum seu semi- 
 luna're seu eilia're, G. orbitaire (Ch.), is one of 
 the smallest ganglions of the body, and formed 
 by the 6th and 3d pairs of encephalic nerves. It 
 is situate at the outer side of the optic nerve near 
 the bottom of the orbit ; is irregularly quadri- 
 lateral and flat ; its colour of a reddish gray. 
 Behind, it communicates by its posterior angles 
 — by means of nervous filaments — with the nasal 
 nerve of the ophthalmic, the motor oculi, and 
 off'sets from the sympathetic. Each of its ante- 
 rior angles furnishes a fasciculus of small nerves. 
 These are the ciliary nerves. 
 
 Ophthalmic Nerve, Ophthalmie Nerve of 
 Willis, Orbito-frontal, (Ch.) is the smallest and 
 first of the three branches given off by the 5th 
 pair. It proceeds along the external paries of 
 the cavernous sinus, and enters the orbit by 
 the sphenoidal fissure. It divides into three 
 branches, one, external — the lachrymal nerve • 
 iinotheT, superior — frontal nerve; and the last, 
 internal — the nasal nerve. See Lachrymal, 
 Frontal, Nasal. 
 
 Ophthalmic or Optic Remedy, Ophthal'micum 
 seu Op'ticum, (F.) Topique ophthalmique, is a 
 medicine employed in ophthalmia. 
 
 Ophthalmic Sinus, see Cavernous Sinus. 
 
 Ophthalmic Vein has the same arrangement 
 as the artery, which it accompanies in all its 
 i divisions. It issues from the orbit at the inner 
 
OPHTHALMICA 
 
 65 6 
 
 OPIATUS 
 
 part of the sphenoidal fissure, and discharges us 
 blood into the cavernous sinus. 
 
 The name Facial Ophthalmic has been given 
 to the branch by vrhich the facial vein communi- 
 cates with the ophthalmic. 
 
 OPHTHALMICA, Euphrasia ofiScinalis. 
 OPHTHALMICI EXTERNI, Motores oculo- 
 rum. 
 
 OPHTHALMICUM, Ophthalmic remedy. 
 OPHTHALMIDIUM, Microphtbalmus. 
 PHTHALMIE P UR [FORME D ES NO U- 
 VEAU-NES, see Ophthalmia — o. Blennorrha- 
 fjiqne, see Ophthalmia. 
 
 OPHTHALMITE, Ophthalmia. 
 OPHTHALMI'TIS, Ophthalmia. This term is 
 occasionally restricted to inflammation of the 
 globe of the eye, in which, both the external and 
 internal structures are involved. 
 
 OPIITIIALMIUM. Mierophthalmus. 
 OPHTHALMO-BLEXNORRHCEA, Ophtbal- 
 niia(purulent) — o.b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia 
 (purulenta infantum). 
 
 OPHTHALMO-CARCINO'MA, from ophtJial- 
 moa, and (capviva-na, 'cancer.' Cancer of the eye. 
 OPHTHALMOCELE, Exophthalmia. 
 OPHTHALMOCHOLO'SIS, from oplifhahnos, 
 and x°^'>' ''^ile;' Ophthal'mia hilio'sa. Ophthal- 
 mia from biliary excitement. 
 
 OPHTHALMOCHROITES, see Choroidea tu- 
 nica. 
 
 OPHTHALMO-CONJUjSTCTIVITIS, see Oph- 
 thalmia. 
 
 OPHTHALMOCOPIA, Copyopia. 
 OPHTHALMODULI'A, from ophthahnus, and 
 5oi)A£((z, 'servitude.' Eye-service. The title of a 
 book by Bartisch on diseases of the eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMODYN'IA, from ophthalmos, and 
 o5vvri, ' pain,' especially rheumatic pain of the eye. 
 Plenck has given this name to neuralgia of the 
 frontal nerve, in which the pain radiates particu- 
 larly towards the bottom of the orbit. See Neu- 
 ralgia, frontal. 
 
 Ophthalmodtnia Pebiodica, Neuralgia, fa- 
 cial. 
 
 OPHTHALMCEDE'MA, from o2)hf1taImos, and 
 oiorjita, 'oedema.' ffidema of the conjunctiva. 
 
 OPHTHALMOG'RAPHY, from ophthalmos, 
 and ■yi>a(pr}, ' a description.' The part of anatomy 
 which gives a description of the eye. An ana- 
 tomical description of the eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMOL'OGY, Ophthalmnlog"ia, Oph- 
 thalmotol'ofjy. from ophthalmos, and )i.oyos, 'a dis- 
 course.' The part of anatomy which treats of the 
 eye. An anatomical treatise on the eye. A de- 
 scription of the eye in health and disease. 
 
 OPHTHALMOM'ETER, from ophthalmos, and 
 /itrpov, ' measure.' An instrument of the nature 
 of compasses, invented by F. Petit, for measuring 
 the capacity of the anterior and posterior cham- 
 bers of the eye in anatomical experiments. 
 
 OPHTHALMOMYI'TIS, Ophthalmomyosi'tis, 
 from ophthalmos. fivi, 'a muscle,' and itls, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the mus- 
 cles of the eve. 
 
 OPHTHALMOPARALYSIS, Ophthalmople- 
 gia. 
 
 OPHTHALMOPHLEBOTOM'IA, from oph- 
 thahnos, (p\e^, 'a vein,' and roixr], 'incision.' 
 Bleeding from the vessels of the conjunctiva. 
 
 P H T H A L M PHTHAR'SIS, Ophthalmo- 
 phthi'ais, from ophthalmos, and (jiOapais, ' corrup- 
 tion.' Destruction of the eyeball. 
 
 OPHTHALMOPHTHISIS, Ophthalmophthar- 
 sis. 
 
 OPHTHALMOPLE'GIA, OphthalmoparaVy- 
 sis, from ophthalmos, and -rXquaw, 'I strike.' 
 Paralvsis of one or more of the muscles of the eye. 
 OPHTIIALMOPONIA, Ophthalmia. 
 
 OPHTHALMOPTO'SIS, from ophthalmos, and 
 vTuifsig, ' a prolapse.' A word employed by some 
 authors in the sense of exophthalmia; by others, 
 in that of hydrophthalmia. 
 
 OPHTHALMORRnAG"IA, from ophthalmos, 
 and gr,yvvfii, ' I break forth.' Hemorrhage from 
 the tunica conjunctiva. It is rare. 
 OPHTHALMO.S, Eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMOSCOPE, see Ophthalmoscopia. 
 OPHTHALMOSCO P'lA, Ophthalmoscopy, 
 from ophthalmos, and oKo-zia, 'I regard attentively.' 
 The art of judging of the temper, &c., of a per- 
 son by examining his eyes. The art of judging 
 of health or disease by inspection of the eyes. 
 Exploration of the eyes in order to a diagnosis. 
 An Ophthal'moscojje, opjhthalmoscop'ium, ojih- 
 thalmos'copum, has been invented, which by re- 
 fleeting the light on the retina enables the con- 
 dition of the interior of the eye to be appreciated. 
 To a form of the ophthalmoscope the name Anag- 
 nos'lakis has been given, after a young Greek 
 phj'sician, who, it was thought, invented it. 
 
 OPHTHALMOSTA'TUM, (F.) O-jihthaVmostat, 
 from ojjhthalmos, and craan, 'station;' Speculum 
 Oc'uli. An instrument for fixing the eye. 
 OPHTHALMOTHERAPIA, Ophthalmiatria. 
 OPHTHALMOTOLOGY, Ophthalmology. 
 OPHTHALMOT'OMY, Ophthalmotom'ia, from 
 ophthalmos and rtiivoi, ' I cut.' The part of ana- 
 tomy which treats of the dissection of the eye. It 
 has, also, been applied to extirpation of the eye. 
 OPHTHALMOXEROSIS, Xerophthalmia. 
 OPHTHALMOX'YSIS, from ophthalmos, and 
 ^voi, ' I scrape.' A name given to the scarifica- 
 tion sometimes practised on the conjunctiva, in 
 cases of ophthalmia. 
 
 07E.TRALM0XYS'Tn\]M,02}hthalmoxys'ter, 
 Ophthalmo.cyste'rium, Xystrum ophthal'mieum. 
 Same etymon. An instrument for scraping the 
 eye. Name given to a small brush, with barbs 
 like an ear of barley or rye, intended to scarify 
 the eyelids in certain cases of ophthalmia. 
 OPHTHALMUS, Eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMYMENI'TIS, Ophthalmohymeni'- 
 tis, from ophthalmos, 'vjjirjv, 'membrane,' and itis, 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of one or 
 more of the membranes of the eye. 
 OP I ACE, Opiate. 
 OPIACUM, Opiatum. 
 OPIANE, Narcotine. 
 
 O'PIANINE, Opiani'na, Opiia'nia; from opium. 
 An alkaloid discovered in opium, which resem- 
 bles morphia in its properties, and doses. 
 OPIANUM. Narcotine. 
 OPT A T, Opiate — o. Dentifrice, Dentifrice. 
 O'PIATE, Opia'tum, Opia'cum, Papavera'- 
 ceiim, 3Ieco'nicum, (F.) Opiat, Opiacee, from ojtiov, 
 {o-o;. 'juice,') ' opium.' A medicine containing 
 opium. A medicine that procures sleep. An 
 electuary ; — formerly, an electuary which con- 
 tained opium. 
 
 O'PIATED, Opia'tus. Impregnated with opi- 
 um. Aiiected by opium. 
 
 OPIA'TUM FEBRIF'UGUM, Electua'rium de 
 Kind Kiva ; Elec'tuary of Cincho'na. (Piilv. 
 cinch, ^xviij, amnion, muriat, gj, mellis, syrup., 
 ahsinth. aa ,^ij. Make into an electuary. Ph. P.) 
 Given, when cinchona is indicated. 
 
 Opiatum Mesenter'icum, Electua'rium de 
 Al'oe, Jfiiria'te Hydrar'gyri, et Ferro. (Gum. 
 ammon. gss. sennce ,^vj, hydrargyri suhmuriat., 
 rod. nri., aloes socotrin. aa ^ij, j)idv. scammon. 
 comp. (vulg. de trihus,) rhej. rad. aa ^iij, ferri 
 limatur. porphyrisat. .^ss. Bruise and mix to- 
 gether, add of compound syrup of apples double 
 the weight of the other matters, and make into 
 an electuary. Ph. P.) Dose, ^ss to gij, in ob- 
 structions of the liver, mesentery, &c. 
 OPIATUS, Opiated. 
 
OPION 
 
 6 57 
 
 OPTIC CENTRE 
 
 OPIOX, Opium. 
 OPISMA, Suocus. 
 
 OPIS'THENAR, Dorsum man^s, from omaBt, 
 'backwards,' and dcvap, 'the flat of the hand.' 
 Ihe back of the hand. 
 
 OPISTHOCEPHALON, Occiput, 
 OPISTHOCRAXIUM, Occiput. 
 OPISTHOCYPHOSIS, Cyphoma. 
 OPISTHOLOB'IUM, Opisthot'uim, from ontrree, 
 'behind,' and \o{iiov, 'the lobe of the ear.' Any 
 agent applied behind the ear. 
 
 OPISTHOTIUM, Opistholobium. 
 
 OPISTHOT'ONOS, Raptusioosterga'neus, Tet'- 
 anus dorsa'lis seu posti'cus seu posterga'nens, 
 from 0T7iaSc, 'backwards,' and rtivo), 'I stretch.' 
 A species of tetanus, in which the body is bent 
 backwards. 
 
 OPIUM, see Papaver — o. Colatum, Extractum 
 opii — 0. Depuratum, Extractum opii. 
 
 Opium Eatehs, Theriaki. 
 
 Opium, Lettuce, see Lactuea. 
 
 OPOBALSAMUM, see Amyris opobalsamum. 
 
 OPOCARPASON, Carpasium (juice.) 
 
 OPOCEPH'ALUS, (P.) Opoeephale. A genus 
 of monsters having the two ears approximated or 
 united under the head; the jaws atrophied; and 
 no mouth or nose. — I. G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 OPODELDOC, Opodeldoch. 
 
 OPODEL'DOCH, Opodel'toch, Opodeldoc. An 
 unmeaning term, frequently used by Paracelsus. 
 Formerly, it signified a plaster for all external 
 injuries ; now, it is applied to the Linimentum 
 Saponis Compositum. 
 
 Opodeldoch, Steer's. A liniment, called after 
 the inventor. There are many formulae for its 
 preparation. The following is one. Sap. alh. Ibj, 
 camphor. ,^ij, ol. rorismarini f^iv, spiritus vi'ni 
 rectificati Oij. See Linimentum Saponis Compo- 
 situm. 
 
 OPODEOCELE, see Hernia. 
 
 OPODYMUS, Diprosopus. 
 
 OPOIDIA GALBANIFERA, see Bubon Gal- 
 banum. 
 
 OP OLE, Succus. 
 
 OPOLIDE, Succus. 
 
 OPOPIOS, Optic. 
 
 OPOPONACUM, Pastinaea opoponax. 
 
 OPOPONAX, see Pastinaea opoponax — o. 
 Chironium, Pastinaea opoponax. 
 
 OPOPONAXWORT, Pastinaea opoponax. 
 
 OPO'RICE, from oirwpa, 'autumnal fruits.' A 
 medicine, composed of several autumnal fruits, 
 particularly of quinces, pomegranates, &a., and 
 wine. It was formerly administered in dysen- 
 tery, diseases of the stomach, &c. 
 
 OPOS, Succus expressus — o. Silphion, Laser- 
 pitinm. 
 
 OPPIDULUM, Vulva. 
 
 OPPILATIO, Emphraxis— 0. Telse Cellulosee, 
 Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 
 OPPILATIVUS, Obstruens. 
 
 OPPO'NENS, (F.) Opposant, from oh, and po- 
 nerp, 'to place.' That which faces or is put in 
 opposition to something. The name has been 
 given to two muscles of the hand. 
 
 Opponens Min'uii Dig"iti, (F.) Opposant dn 
 petit doigt, Carpo-metaearpien du petit doigt (Ch.), 
 Metacarpien du petit doigt. This muscle has 
 the same shape and arrangement as the preceding, 
 but is of less size. It is situate in the hypothe- 
 nar eminence. Its fibres are inserted into the 
 anterior annular ligament of the carpus, and ter- 
 minate. on the whole length of the inner edge of 
 the 5th metacarpal bone. This muscle carries 
 the 5th metacarpal bone forwards and outwards, 
 and thus augments the concavity of the palm of 
 the hand. 
 42 
 
 Opponess Pol'liCIS, Flexor ossis metacar'pi 
 pollieis, F. pjrirni intevno'dii (Douglass), Oppo- 
 nens pollieis manus, Antith'enar sive senii-inter- 
 osseus pollieis, (F.) Carpjo-metacarpien du pouce 
 (Ch.), Metacarpien du pouce, Opposant du Pouce. 
 A small, flat, triangular muscle, situate in the 
 substance of the thenar eminence. It is attached, 
 on the one hand, to the anterior annular liga- 
 ment of the carpus and to the trapezium; and, 
 on the other, to the whole of the outer margin 
 of the first metacarpal bone. This muscle im- 
 presses on the first bone of the metacarpus a 
 movement of rotation, which opposes the thumb 
 to the other fingers. 
 
 OPPOSANT, Opponens — o. du Petit doigt, 
 Opponens minimi digiti — o. du Pouce, Opponens 
 pollieis. 
 
 OPPRESSIO, Catalepsy, Oppression— o. Noc- 
 turna. Incubus. 
 
 OPPRESSION, Oppres'sio, Thlipsis, Cata- 
 thlips'is, from opprimere (oh, and premere, pres- 
 sum,) 'to press against.' A state, in which the 
 patient experiences a sensation of weight in the 
 part affected. AVhen employed abstractedly, it 
 means, particularly, Oppression of the cheat — 
 Op'oressio Pee'toris, (F. ) 0. de Poitrine. 
 
 Oppression, Oppres'sio vir'ium, (F.) Oppres- 
 sion des forces, is, also, used for that condition, 
 at the commencement of fevers, &c., in which 
 the system is oppressed rather than debilitated, 
 and where the vascuhir action rises, as the ob- 
 struction to free circulation is relieved by bleed- 
 ing, purging, kc. 
 
 OPS, Eve. 
 
 OPSEONUSI, Opsionusi. 
 
 OP?IALGIA, Neuralgia, facial. 
 
 OPSIONU'SI, Opseoini'si, from oj^i;, 'vision,' 
 and I'ovcros, 'a disease;' Morhi visHs. Diseases 
 of vision. 
 
 OPSIOTOC'IA, from o-U, 'too late,' and roKog, 
 'birth ;' Partus sero'tiiius. Parturition after the 
 usual period. See Pregnancy. 
 
 OPSIS. Pupil. Vision. 
 
 OPSOMA'XIAC, Opsom'anes, (F.) Opsomane, 
 from oijjov, 'aliment,' and fiavia. One who loves 
 some particular aliment to madness. 
 
 OPTESIS, Assatio. 
 
 OPTIC, Opj'ticus, Opo'pios, (F.) Optique, from 
 o-Toiini. ' I see.' That which relates to vision. 
 
 OPTIC CENTRE, Centmm np'ticum. The 
 optic centre of the crystalline is the point at 
 which the various rays proceeding from an object 
 cross in their way to the retina. 
 
 Optic Commissure, see Chiasmus. 
 
 Optic Foramett, Fora'men opj'ticum, (F.) Tron 
 optique. Around opening in the sphenoid bone, 
 near the base of its lesser ala, through which the 
 optic nerve passes. 
 
 Optic Ganglia, Quadrigemina tubercula. 
 
 Optic Groove. A transverse groove on the su- 
 perior surface of the sphenoid bone, on which the 
 commissure of the optic nerve rests, and which is 
 continuous on each side with the optic foramen. 
 
 Optic Lobes, Quadrigemina tubercula. 
 
 Optic Nerve, Nervus op'ticus seu visi'vus seu 
 viso'rius. Par secun'dum seu op'ticum seu viso'- 
 rinm, Nerve of the 2d pair. Ocular nerve of 
 Chaussier. The optic nerves are remarkable for 
 their size; for their running a longer course 
 within than without, the cranium; and for their 
 furnishing no branch from their origin to their 
 termination. They do not seem to arise, as was 
 long supposed, from the optic thalami, but from 
 the tubercula quadrigemina. Immediately after 
 their origin, the optic tracts, Tractus op'tici, pro- 
 ceed forwards; are, at first, broad and flat; but 
 afterwards become narrower and round. In front 
 of the fossa pituitaria, they unite and decussate, 
 each nerve proceeding through the optic foramen 
 
OPTICO-TROCHLEI-SCL^ROTICIEN 6 5 8 
 
 ORBITAR 
 
 of the sphenoid bone with the ophthalmic artery, 
 and through the Fora'men op'ticum chorio'idecB, 
 to form the retina. The nerve passes to the back 
 part of the globe of the eye, becomes narrower, 
 and enters that organ at a flattened circular pa- 
 pilla — Go/lie' uhts seu Papill'a nervi optici — to 
 give rise to the nervous expansion called the 
 retina. Between the colliculus and the yellow 
 spot of Sommering, a small projection or fold of 
 the retina passes — plica centra'lis ret'ina. Besides 
 its neurilemma, the optic nerve is surrounded by 
 a sheath, furnished by the dura mater. This ac- 
 companies it as far as the eye. 
 
 The optic nerve is the nerve of special sensi- 
 bility of the eye. In the centre of the nerve, 
 there is a pnnctitm ccBcum, mac'ula nigra, where 
 the central artery enters the eye, and the cor- 
 responding vein passes out. If a ray of light 
 falls on this spot it is not appreciated. 
 
 Optic Remedy, see Ophthalmic remedy — o. 
 Thalami,Thalami nervorum opticorum — o. Tracts, 
 see Optic nerve. , ^ 
 
 OPTICO-TRO CHLEI- SCLEB TICIEN, 
 Oblique, superior of the eye. 
 
 OPTICUM, Ophthalmic remedy. 
 OPTILOS, Eye. 
 
 OPTOM'ETER, from oTrro/zai, 'I see,' and 
 fxtrpov, 'ameasure.' An instrument for measuring 
 the distance of distinct vision. 
 
 OPUNTIA, Cactus opuntia — ©.Vulgaris, Cactus 
 opuntia. 
 
 OR, Gold — o. Blanc, Platinum — o. Cyanure d\ 
 see Gold — o. DivisS, see Gold — o.Hydrochlorate d', 
 see Gold — o. lodure d', see Gold — o. Metallique, 
 see Gold — o. Nitromuriate d', see Gold — o. Oxide 
 d', see Gold — o. et de Sodium chlorure d', see 
 Gold — o. et de Sonde, Hydrochlorate d', see Gold 
 — o. et de Sonde, Muriate d', see Gold. 
 ORA SERRATA, see Ciliary (Body.) 
 ORACHE, SPREADING, Atriplcx patula— o. 
 Stinking, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 
 ORAL, Vocal, (F.) Oral, from os, oris, 'a 
 mouth.' Relating to the mouth or to speech. 
 
 ORANGE, Citrus aurantium — o. Bitter, see 
 Citrus aurantium — o. Flowers of the, see Citrus 
 aurantium. 
 
 Orange Grass, Hypericum sarothra — o. Root, 
 Hydrastis Canadensis — o. Tree, Citrus auran- 
 tium. 
 
 ORANGEADE. A drink, made with orange 
 juice diluted with water. It is antiphlogistic, 
 and often recommended in acute diseases. 
 
 ORANGES, see Citrus aurantium — o. Curas- 
 soa, Aurantia curassaventia. 
 
 ORBES CARTILAGINOSI TRACHEA, see 
 Trachea. ^ 
 
 ORBICiTLATRE DES LE VRES, Orbicularis 
 oris — o. dea Pavpieres, Orbicularis palpebrarum. 
 ORBICULAR, Orhicula'ris, (F.) Orbiculaire, 
 from orbis, 'a circle.' Spherical, circular. 
 
 Orbicular Bone, Os orbieula're seu /eittieii- 
 la're seu Syluii seu orbicida're Syl'vii, Gloh'ulus 
 stap'edie ossis, Epiph'yuis cruris longio'ria in'cu- 
 dis, Ossio'iilum orbieula're seu sqiiamo'sum seu 
 cocJdeare seu qnartum, is the smallest of the four 
 bones of the ear. It is scarcely perceptible, round, 
 convex on two surfaces, and situate between the 
 long ramus of the incus and the head of the 
 stapes. 
 
 Orbicular Muscles are muscles with circular 
 fibres surrounding some natural opening of the 
 body. 1. Orhicula'ria seu Conetric'tor Oris, 
 Sphincter Labio'rvm, Semi sen Demi-orbicida'ris, 
 Supra-aemi-orbieula'ris, Labia' Ha, Osculato'rius, 
 Baaia'tor, (P.) Labial, Orbiculaire dea levres. A 
 muscle situate in the substance of the lips, and 
 extending from one commissure to the other. 
 It is formed of two very distinct portions, of a 
 semi-oval shape; one belonging to the upper lip, 
 
 the other to the lower. Their extremities cross 
 at the commissures, and are confounded with the 
 other muscles of the parts. The use of this fleshy 
 muscle is to bring the lips together, and to close 
 the aperture of the mouth, by making it repre- 
 sent a sort of boiirrelet with radiated wrinkles. 
 It is an antagonist to every other muscle of the 
 lips. 2. Orbicularis Palpebra'rum seu oc'uli seu 
 palpehra'rum cilia'ris, Palpebra'rum. duo miia'- 
 cidi, Palpebra'lis, Constrict' or sen Sphincter Pal- 
 pebra'rum seu Oculi, (F.) Naso-palpSbral (Ch.), 
 Maxil'lo-paljjebral, Palpebral, Orbictdaire dea 
 paupieres. A muscle common to both the eyelids, 
 and seated in their substance. It is broad, thin, 
 transversely oval, and cleft in its great diameter. 
 It is attached to the nasal process of the superior 
 maxillary bone ; to the internal angular process 
 of the frontal bone, and to the orbitar process of 
 the superior maxillary bone. From these origins 
 the muscle passes outwards, under the skin of the 
 eyelids, surrounding the orbit in a circular man- 
 ner, extending somewhat beyond it, 8.nd covering 
 the upper part of the cheek. It is inserted into 
 the skin of the eyelids, its upper and inner edge 
 being intimately connected with the frontal and 
 corrugator muscles. Its use is to close the eye, 
 by bringing the eyelids together. The part of 
 the orbicularis which covers the cartilages of the 
 eyelids, and which is remarkably thin, is the 
 Musculua Ciliaris of some authors. 
 
 ORBICULARIS OCULI, Orbicularis palpe- 
 brarum, see Orbicular muscles — o. Oris, see Or- 
 bicular muscles — o. Palpebrarum, see Orbicular 
 muscles — o. Palpebrarum ciliaris, see Orbicular 
 muscles — o. Recti, Sphincter ani externus. 
 
 ORBICULUS CILIARIS, Ciliary ligament, 
 Ciliary zone. 
 
 ORBIS GENU, Patella. 
 
 ORBIT, Or'bita, 0. oc'uli, Troch'ia, Conchua 
 seu' Cav'itas seu Fo'vea seu Pelvic' ida oc'uli, 
 (F.) Orhite, from orbia, 'a circle.' The circular 
 cavities are so called, which lodge the organs of 
 sight. The orbits or orbitar fossa or cavities, 
 conchi, Koyxoi, are situate at the upper part of the 
 face, and are composed of seven bones, viz. : — 
 the frontal, above; the palate and stiperior m.axil- 
 lary, below ; the sphenoid nnd malar, externally; 
 and the ethmoid and lachrymal, internally. The 
 orbit is filled by the globe of the eye, with its 
 different accessory parts — muscles, nerres, ves- 
 sels, the lachrymal gland, Ac. Its margin is 
 termed margo orbita'Us. 
 
 ORBITA. Orbit— 0. Oculi, Orbit. 
 
 ORBITAL, Orbitar — o. Fissure, inferior. Sphe- 
 noidal fissure — 0. Fissure, superior. Maxillary 
 fissure. 
 
 OR'BITAR, Orbila'rius, Orbita'Us, Or'bital, 
 (F.) Orbitaire. Same etymon. Relating or be- 
 longing to the orbit. 
 
 Orbitar Apoph'yses or Proc"esses terminate 
 the two extremities of the orbitar arch. The ex- 
 ternal is much more prominent, and is articulated 
 with the cheek-bone ; the internal is thinner, and 
 joins the os unguis. 
 
 Orbitar Arch, (F.) Arcade orbitaire, is the 
 projecting, round margin, which separates the 
 frontal and orbitar surfaces of the os frontis, and 
 forms a part of the circumference of the orbit. 
 
 Or'bitar Fissures, (F.) Fentes orbitairea. 
 These are situate in the orbit. They are two in 
 number: one superior, the Sphenoidal; the other 
 inferior, the Spheno-maxillary. 
 
 Orbitar Foram'ina. Of these there are seve- 
 ral : — 1. The Foramen orbitarium aupe'rius, (F.) 
 Trou orbitaire superieur, which is situate at the 
 junction of the inner third of the orbitar arch 
 with its two outer thirds, and gives passage to 
 the frontal nerve. 2. The Foram'ina orbita'ria 
 inierio'ra seu inter'na, Foram'ina Ethmo'idea, 
 
ORBITO-EXTUS-SCLM TICIEN 6 5 9 
 
 ORGANIZABLE 
 
 These are situate at the upper part of the inter- 
 nal paries of the orbit, are formed by the union 
 of two notches of the os frontis with two similar 
 ones of the ethmoid; and are distinguished into 
 anterior ?kVi^ posterior. The former gives passage 
 to the ethmoidal filament of the nasal nerve and 
 to a small artery. 
 
 Orbitar Nerve, Nervus orhita'lis seu orbita'- 
 rins seu suhctita'neus malcB, is a branch given off 
 from the superior maxillary. It enters the orbit 
 by the spheno-maxillary fissure, and divides into 
 two filaments; the one — malar — which passes 
 over the cheek-bone, is distributed to the orbicu- 
 laris palpebrarum, and anastomoses with the fa- 
 cial nerve; the other — temporal — which passes 
 to the temporal fossae, and anastomoses with the 
 inferior maxillary and facial, to become after- 
 wards subcutaneous. 
 
 Orbitar Surface, see Maxillary bone (supe- 
 rior). 
 
 ORBITO-EXTUS-SCLEROTIOIEN,'Rectus 
 externus oculi — o. Intiis- Scleroticien, Rectus in- 
 ternus oculi — o. Ilaxillo-labial, Levator labii 
 superioris proprius — o. Palpebral, Levator pal- 
 pebrse superioris — o. Sus-paljjebral, Levator pal- 
 pebrse superioris. 
 
 ORCANETTE, Anchusa officinalis. 
 
 ORCHALGIA, Orchidalgia. 
 
 ORCHAS, Scrotum. 
 
 ORCHEI'TIS, Osehi'tis, Oschei'tis, Inflamma'- 
 tio scroti, from opxast ' the scrotum,' and itis, 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 scrotum. 
 
 Orcheitis, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 ORCHEOCATABASIS, Orchidocatabasis. 
 
 ORCHEOCELE, Orchioeele. 
 
 ORCHEOTOMY, Castration. 
 
 ORCHESTROMANIA, Chorea. 
 
 ORCHIDAL'GIA, Orehal'gia, OrcTiidodyn'ia, 
 from op)(i;, op)(^iSo;, 'a testicle,' and a\yos, 'pain.' 
 Pain of the testicle. Neuralgia of the testicle. 
 Irritable testicle. A form of neuralgia. 
 
 ORCHIDATROPH'IA, Atroph'ia testic'uli, 
 from op')(^ii, opxiSog, 'a testicle,' and atrophia, 
 'atrophy.' Atrophy or wasting of the testicle. 
 
 ORCHIDITIS, Hernia humoralis. 
 _ ORCHIDOCARPUM ARIETINUM, see Ca- 
 rica papaya. 
 
 ORCRil>OCATAB'ASlS,Orckeocatab'asig,ne- 
 scen'sus testiculo'rum, from opxti, opxtio;, ' the tes- 
 tis, and Kara^aai;, 'descent.' The descent of the 
 testes into the scrotum. 
 
 ORCHID OCELE, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 ORCHIDODYNIA, Orchidalgia. 
 
 ORCHIDONCUS, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 ORCHIDOTOMY, Castration. 
 
 ORCHILL, Lichen roccella. 
 
 ORCHIOCE'LE, Orcheoce'le, from opxti, opxt- 
 Sog, ' the testicle,' and ktjXti, ' a rupture.' A tu- 
 mour of the testicle. Scrotal hernia. Hernia 
 humoralis. A name given to several diseases of 
 the testicle and its envelopes, essentially differing 
 from each other. 
 
 Orchioce'le Scirrho'sa, Scirrhoce'le. A ma- 
 lignant tumour of the testis. 
 
 ORCHIS, Testicle— 0. Butterfly, Orchis bifolia. 
 
 Orchis Mas'cula, Satyr'ion, Testic'ulus cani'- 
 nus, Oynosor'ehis, Dogs' stones, Male orchis, Bal- 
 loek-grass, Male Fools' stones, Twinroot. Orel. 
 Orchidacese. This root had a place in some phar- 
 macopoeias, on account of the glutinous, slimy 
 juice it contains. The root of the Orchis bifo'lia 
 or Butterfly orchis, has liliewise been collected. 
 It has been used as a demulcent. Its fancied 
 aphrodisiac virtues seem to be owing to its re- 
 semblance to opx';, ' a testicle,' whence its name. 
 
 Salep is obtained from this variety of the or- 
 chis ; — and from the Orchis morio, &c. See 
 Salep. 
 
 Orchis, Round-leaved, Large, Platanthera 
 orbiculata. 
 
 O/?^^//^^, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 ORCHITIS, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 ORCHOI. see Tarsus. 
 
 ORCHOTOMIA, Castration. Also, removal 
 of the tarsi. 
 
 ORDEAL NUT— called EeSre by the natives 
 of Calabar — of the natural family Leguminosse, 
 and closely resembling a Dolichos, is possessed 
 of virulent aero-narcotic properties. 
 
 ORDEOLUM, Hordeolum. 
 
 ORDEUM, Hordeum. 
 
 ORDINAIRES, Menses. 
 
 ORDO MEDICINALIS, Police, medical. 
 
 ORBONNANCE, Formula, Prescription. 
 
 OREILLE D'ANE, Symphytum— o. d' Homme, 
 Asarum — o. de Souris, Hieracium pilosella — o, 
 d' Ours, Primula veris. 
 
 OREILLETTE, Asarum, Auricle of the heart. 
 
 OREILLONS, Parotis, Cynanche parotidsea. 
 
 ORELIA GRANDIFLORA, Allamanda. 
 
 ORELLANA, see Terra Orleana. 
 
 OREOSELINUM, Athamanta aureoselinum — 
 0. Africanum, Bubon galbanum — o. Legitimum, 
 Athamanta aureoselinum — o. Nigrum, Athamanta 
 aureoselinum. 
 
 OREXIS, Appetite, Pyrosis — o. Cynodes, Bou- 
 limia. 
 
 ORGAN, Or'ganum, Or'ganon. From cpynv, 
 'worli.' 'An instrument.' Part of an organized 
 being, destined to exercise some particular func- 
 tion. Thus — the eyes are organs of sight; the 
 muscles are organs of motion, &c. The collec- 
 tion of organs, which concur in any function, is 
 called apparatus. 
 
 Organ, Mentha pulegium. 
 
 ORGANA GENERATIONI INSERVIEN- 
 TIA. Genital organs — o. Genitalia, Genital or- 
 gans — Sexualia, Genital organs — o. Sudoripara, 
 see Perspiration — o. Urogenitalia, Urogenital 
 organs. 
 
 ORGANES G^NITAUX, Genital organs. 
 
 ORGAN'IC, Organ'icus, (P.) Organique. Re- 
 lating to an organ or organs, and to beings pos- 
 sessed of organs. Hence, Organic Functions 
 are those possessed by both animals and vege- 
 tables. It is also used synonymously with vital, 
 in contradistinction to physical. 
 
 Organic Chemistry, see Chymistry. 
 
 Organic Diseases or Lesions are such as 
 concern the organ itself, in contradistinction to 
 functional, rat"ional, or dynam'ic, which merely 
 concern the function. Of course, organic dis- 
 eases of a part are always more serious than 
 functional. 
 
 Organic Nervous System, see Trisplanchnic 
 nerve. 
 
 OR'GANICISM, Organicism'ns, from opyavov, 
 'an organ.' The doctrine of the localization of 
 disease, or which refers it always to a material 
 lesion of an organ. A modern term, but not 
 much used. 
 
 ORGANISATIO, Organization. 
 
 ORGANISATUS, Organized. 
 
 OR'GANISM. Same etymon as organ. The 
 living economy. Many physiologists have used 
 this word synonymously with organization ; but 
 more especially to designate the aggregate of 
 vital actions in organized beings, animals as well 
 as vegetables. The collection of parts com- 
 posing an organized body, and the laws which 
 govern it. 
 
 ORGANIZABIL'ITY, from organisatio, and 
 habilis, 'suitable.' Capability of organization or 
 of being formed into living tissue. Substances 
 possessed of such capability — as fibrin — are said 
 to be organizable. 
 
 ORGANIZABLE, see Organizability. 
 
ORGANIZATION 
 
 660 
 
 ORPIMENT 
 
 ORGANIZA'TIO^N', Orgnnisa'tio, from opyavoi, ] 
 '^an organ.' The manner of structure proper to 
 different beings. It is also employed in the sense 
 of the structure of a part; as, the organization 
 of the heart, &c. 
 
 Organization, Coiipocnds of. Principles, im- 
 mediate. 
 
 OR'GANIZED, Or'gnnis inxtrue'tus, Organi- 
 sa'txis, (F.) Organise. That which is composed 
 of organs. 
 
 Oksanized Bodies, (F.) Corps organises, are 
 those endowed with life; i. e. animals and vege- 
 tables : in contradistinction to inorga.nic bodies, 
 which comprise the mineral kingdom. See Corpus. 
 ORGANOCHEMIA, Chymistry, organic. 
 ORGANOG"ENY, Organogen'ia, Organogen'- 
 esis, from opyavov, 'an organ,' and ytveais, 'gene- 
 ration.' The doctrine of the formation of different 
 organs. 
 
 ORGANOG-NO'SIA, from ooyavov, and yvoxrtf, 
 'knowledge.' The knowledge and discrimination 
 of organized bodies. 
 
 ORGANOG'RAPHY, Org anagraph' ia, from 
 ooyavov, and ypa<pr!, 'a description.' A description 
 of the organs of a living body. 
 ORGANOLEPTIC, Plastic. 
 ORGANOLOGY, Anatomy, Craniology. 
 ORGAXON OLFACTUS, Nasus. 
 ORGANONOM'IA, from opyavov, and voijos, 
 ' a law.' The doctrine of the laws of organic 
 life. 
 
 ORGANOZOOXOMIA, Zoonomia. 
 ORGANUM, Instrument. 
 
 ORGASM, Orgas'mus, Orgo'sis, from opyaoy, 
 ' I desire ardently,' 'I am excited.' OEstrua'tion. 
 A strong impulse or desire for something. State 
 of excitement and turgescence of any organ what- 
 ever. Erethism. Applied particularly to the 
 height of venereal excitement in sexual inter- 
 course. 
 
 ORGASMUS, Turgescence. 
 ORGAS'TICA. Same etymon. The second 
 order of the class Genetica of Good. Defined : 
 diseases affecting the orgasm ; organic or consti- 
 tutional infirmity disordering the power or the 
 desire of procreating. 
 ORGE, Rage. 
 
 ORGE, Hordeum — o. Perle, see Hordeum. 
 ORGEAT, Svrupus amygdalae. 
 ORGELET. Hordeolum. 
 RGB OLE T, Hordeolum. 
 ORGOSIS, Orgasm. 
 ORICHALCUM, Brass. 
 ORICULAR, Auricular. 
 ORIGULE, Auricle, Pavilion of the ear. 
 ORIFICIUM, Mouth — o. Dextrum Ventriculi, 
 Pylorus — 0. Uteri, Os uteri — o. Uterinum, see 
 Uterus — 0. Vaginale, see Uterus — o. Ventriculi 
 Sinistrum, Cardia. 
 
 ORIG'ANUM, 0. vulga're seu heracleot'icum, 
 {Optyavov, from opoi, 'a mountain,' and yavo;, ' de- 
 light.') Cani'la bu'hnln, Majora'na mancura'na, 
 Zazarhen'di herba. Wild or Common marjoram, 
 Mancura'na, (F.) Pied de lit. Ord. Labiatae. 
 Sex. Syst. Didynamia Gymnospermia. This plant 
 resembles marjoram in smell; and has a pungent 
 taste, much like thyme. It is aromatic and 
 stimulant ; and its oil possesses the properties of 
 the essential oils in general. The oil. Oleum ori- 
 gani (Ph. U. S.), is very pungent, and is rarely 
 given internally. It Is used ia toothache. 
 
 Origanum Aqitaticum, Eupatorium cannabi- 
 num — 0. Creticum, 0. dictamnus. 
 
 Origanum Dictam'nus, 0. Cret'icum, Dictam'- 
 1IUS Cret'icus, Amar'acus tomenlo'sns, Oni'tis, 
 Bitt'any of Crete, (F.) Dictamne de Crete. The 
 leaves of this plant were once recommended as 
 etnmenagogue and alexipharmic. 
 
 Origanum Heracleoticum, Origanum. 
 Origanum Majora'na, 0. majoranoV des, Ma- 
 jorana, M. horten'sis. Sweet mar'joram, Snmp'- 
 nuois, Agriorig'anum, Amar'acus, (F.) 3Jarjo- 
 laine. Its odour is strong and fragrant; taste 
 aromatic and bitterish. Its properties are those 
 of a stomachic and errhine. It is chiefly used, 
 however, for culinary purposes, and as a snuff in 
 headache. 
 
 Origanum Striacum, Teucrium marum. 
 ORIGINAIRE (F.), from origo. originis, 'ori- 
 gin.' This term has been used, by French wri- 
 ters, in the same sense as congenital. It is par- 
 ticularly applied to affections depending upon 
 faulty conformation, or to faulty conformation 
 itself. 
 
 ORIGO, Arche. 
 ORISMOLOGY, Terminology. 
 ORLEANA, see Terra Orleana. 
 ORME, Appetite. 
 
 ORJfE, Ulmus — o. Champ^tre, Ulmus — o. Py- 
 ramidale, Ulmus. 
 0R3fEAU, Ulmus. 
 
 ORMSKIRK MED'ICINE. A celebrated an- 
 tylissie remedy, supposed to consist of Pulv. Gre- 
 ta., ^ss ; Bol. Armen. ^iij ; Alumin. gr. x; Pulv. 
 Inula, ^j ; 01. Anisi, gtt. vj. 
 
 This is taken for a dose every morning for six 
 times, in a glass of water, with a small proportion 
 of fresh milk. 
 
 ORNAMENTUM FOLIACEUM, see Tube, 
 Fallopian. 
 
 ORNITHOG'ALUM ALTIS'SIMUM. (Opvi- 
 5oya\ov, a fanciful name, from opvn, opviSus, ' a 
 bird,' and yaXa, 'milk.') A South African plant, 
 Ifat. Ord. Asphodeleae, the fleshy bulb of which 
 is diuretic. An oxymel is prepared of it, which 
 is given in catarrh, asthma, phthisis, and hydro- 
 thorax. It resembles squill in its medical pro- 
 perties. 
 
 Ornithogalum Maeitimuit, Scilla — o. Squilla, 
 Scilla. 
 
 ORNITHOGLOSSA, see Prasinus excelsior. 
 ORNUS EUROP^A, see Fraxinus ornus— o. 
 Mannifera, Fraxinus ornus — o. Rotundifolia, 
 Fraxinus ornus — o. Sylvestris, Fraxinus excel- 
 sior. 
 
 OROBAN'CHE VIRGINIA'NA, (opo[3ayxv, 
 from opofSos, 'the orobus,' and ayx<^, 'I strangle.') 
 Epiphe'guH seu Epifa'gus America' nus seu Virgi- 
 nia' nus, Virgin' ia broom-rape, Beech-drnps, Can- 
 cer-root. Family, Orobanchoideae. This para- 
 sitic plant is astringent, and a peculiar and ex- 
 tremely nauseous bitter. It is most powerful 
 when fresh. It has been used in dysentery; and, 
 externally, to obstinate ulcers. 
 
 Oroban'che America'na, and 0. Uniflo'ra, 
 have the same properties, and are, likewise, called 
 Cancer-root, Earth-club, and Clajncort, 
 OROBE, Ervum ervilia. 
 OROBION, see Ervum ervilia, 
 OROBOI'DES, from opo^o^, 'the orobus,' and 
 £i5of, 'form.' Orobo'des. Having the shape of 
 the orobus. A name given to urine, Urina oro- 
 bo'des seu orobo'i' des, Vfhen depositing a substance 
 of a fawn colour, like the meal of the orobus. 
 OROBUS, Ervum ervilia — o. Faba, Vicia faba. 
 ORONGE, see Agaric. 
 
 OROPHALL'US, from opo^. or oppo?, 'the 
 rump,' and <f)aX>.os, 'the male organ.' A monster 
 having a second male organ originating from the 
 rump. — QurlL 
 
 OROS, Groupion, Serum. 
 
 OR'PIMENT, Auripigmen'tnm, Orpin, Risi- 
 gal'lum, Rissigallnm, Cloanx, Elome, Sira, Lemp- 
 nias, Spec'idtim cit'rinum, Yrides, Yride. The 
 native yellow sulphuret of arsenic. It is poison- 
 ous, but less so than the oxide. It is, also, called 
 Adarigo, Adarnech, Ahusal, Althanacha, Azarnet. 
 
ORPIN 
 
 661 
 
 OS 
 
 The Turks prepare a depilatory with it, which 
 they'call Rusma. 
 
 ORPIN, Orpiment — .o. BrUlant, Sedum — o. 
 Grand, Seduin telephium — o. Eeprise, Sedum 
 telephium. 
 
 ORPINE, Sedum telephium. 
 
 ORRHOCHEZIA, Diarrhoea, serous. 
 
 ORRHOCYST'IS, from oppos, 'serum,' and 
 Kvaris, 'a bladder.' Aa encysted tumour con- 
 taining a serous fluid. 
 
 ORRHOHYMENITIS, Hydrohymenitis. 
 
 ORRHOPYG'iON. The inferior extremity of 
 the vertebral column ; from opo?, 'extremity,' and 
 TTvyri, 'the nates.' The os coceygis. Also, the 
 raphe, extending from the penis to the anus, and 
 separating the scrotum into two parts. 
 
 ORRHORRHCE'A, from oppo?, 'serum,' and 
 /)£&), 'I flow.' A morbidly increased secretion of 
 a serous fluid. 
 
 ORRHOS, Croupion, Serum. 
 
 ORE-IS, Iris Elorentina — o. Common, Iris 
 Germanica. 
 
 OJiSEILLE, Lichen roccella. 
 
 ORTEIL, Digitus pedis. 
 
 ORTHOCO'LUM, from opBo?, 'straight,' and 
 KiiiXov, 'limb.' StiS"ness of the limb, so that it is 
 kept quite straisht. 
 
 ORTHODON'TIA, from oo^ng, 'straight, right,' 
 and 0(5ai)5, oiSoiTo;, 'atopth.' The part of dentistry 
 which is concerned in the treatment of irregularity 
 of the teeth. 
 
 ORTHODO'RON. A measure with the Greeks, 
 equal to eleven finsrer-breadths. 
 
 ORTHOG'NA^THOUS, from opBog, ' right, 
 straight,' and yvaQog, 'jaw.' Having a vertical 
 jaw. A term applied to the form of head in 
 which the facial angle approaches the right 
 angle. 
 
 ORTHOMORPHIA, Orthonsedia. 
 
 ORTHOMORPHOSIS, Orthopadia. 
 
 ORTHONTROPIA, Orthopasdia. 
 
 ORTIIOPiEDI'A, Orthopm'dice, Orthnmor'phia, 
 Ortlio niorpho' si s , Orthontroji'ia, Oi'tlwpe'dics, from 
 op-Joj, 'right,' and uatj, jraiSu;, 'a child.' The 
 part of medicine whose object is to prevent and 
 correct deformity in the bodies of children. Often 
 used, however, with a more e-xtensive significa- 
 tion, toembrace the correction or prevention of 
 deformities at all ages. Orthosomnt'ics, Orfhoso- 
 mat'ice, from upOa;, 'right,' and cwpa, 'body,' has 
 been proposed as a preferable term. 
 
 ORTHOPE'DIC,0;?Ao/)(B'rf(C((s; same etymon. 
 Relating to orthopgedia, — as Orthopedic Institu- 
 tion, Institu'tnra orthopce'dieum seu orthopca'dium: 
 an institution for the correction or prevention of 
 deformities in children. 
 
 ORTHOPEDICS, Orthopajdia. 
 
 ORTHOPE'DIST, Ortho'ter, OrthopcB'dicus. 
 Same etymon. One who practises orthopasdia. 
 
 ORTHOPHO'NIA, from opdo;, 'right,' and 
 (puivij. 'voice.' A good pronunciation. 
 
 ORTHOPHREN'IC, Orthophren'icw>, from 
 opdoq, 'right,' and <ppriv, 'mind.' Relating to 
 sounil mind, and to the care of insanity. 
 
 ORTHOPNCE'A, Suffoca'tio, Stranr,ida'tio, 
 Prce/oca'tio, Pnix, Pnigmus, Euthyp'noe, Eu- 
 thypnce'a, Angor, Apnoe'a, from op$rog, 'right,' 
 ' straight,' and -ve<ii, ' I respire.' Impracticability 
 of breathing in the horizontal posture. Necessity 
 of being in the erect posture, in order to respire. 
 
 Orthopncea Cardiaca, Angina Pectoris — o. 
 Convulsiva, Asthma — o. Cynanchica, Cynanche 
 trachealis — o. Hydrothoraciea, Hydrothorax — o. 
 Hysterica, Angone — o. Pituitosa, Mycorthopnoea 
 ■ — o. Tussiculosa, Pertussis. 
 
 ORTHOSOMATICE, Orthopaedia. 
 OR THOSOMA TLQ UE, Orthopa;dia. 
 
 ORTHOTER, Orthopedist. 
 
 ORTHYSTEROPTOMA, Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 ORTHYSTEROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 ORTIE, Urtica — o. Blanche, Lamium album — 
 o. Bruiante, Urtica urens — o. Morte, Lamium 
 album — o. 3Iorte des Bois, Galeopsis — o. Romaine, 
 Urtica pilulifera. 
 
 ORTYX, Tetrao coturnix. 
 
 ORUS, Croupion, Serum. 
 
 OR VALE, Salvia sclarea. 
 
 ORVIETA'NUM. From the Italian Orvie- 
 tano. An electuary regarded as an invaluable 
 antidote, and composed of Old theriac, Dried vi- 
 pers, Scorzonera, Carlina, Imperatorium, Angel- 
 ica, Bistort, Rosemary, Juniper, Cinnamon, Cloves, 
 Mace, Honey, and a crowd of other substances. 
 Its medical properties resembled, in some re- 
 spects, those of the theriac. It was so called, 
 according to some, because invented by Orvietano, 
 a celebrated charlatan ; or, according to others, 
 from Orvieto, a town in Italy. 
 
 ORY'ZA, Optica, Ory'za sati'va. Rice, (F.) Riz. 
 Family, Graminea. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Mono- 
 gynia. A plant, almost aquatic, and indigenous 
 in China, one of the richest productions of Egypt, 
 and which prospers in the warmer regions of the 
 four quarters of the globe. The grain inclosed 
 in the husk is called by the Malays Paddy, Padi, 
 or Paddie ; when deprived of the husk. Bras, 
 and when boiled. Nasi. Its amylaceous seeds, 
 Ory'za, Ory'zum, Hordeum galac'ticum, nourish 
 more men than those of wheat and rye together. 
 Besides being alimentary, they are demulcent 
 and emollient. Gardiner's alimentary 2)repara- 
 tion is very finely ground rice-meal. 
 
 Ilucilage of Rice, Rice water, may be formed 
 by taking one ounce of rice, and, having washed 
 it, macerating it for three hours in a quart of 
 tepid soft water, in a pan placed upon a stove ; 
 then boiling the whole slowly for another hour, 
 and straining through a sieve. 
 
 It may be sweetened and acidulated, or be 
 prepared with milk, like arrow-root, and be used 
 as a demulcent. 
 
 Rice Jelly is made by macerating a sufficient 
 quantity of clean rice in as much xoater as will 
 cover it; boiling slowly, adding water as it evap- 
 orates, until the rice is reduced to a pap, sweet- 
 ening and flavouring with lemon-juice or vanilla, 
 and passing through a fine sieve into a form or 
 mould. It may be eaten alone or with milk ; and 
 is a good dietetic preparation for those of weak 
 digestive powers. 
 
 Ground rice. Take a tablespoonful of ground 
 rice, a pint and a half of milk, and half an ounce 
 oi candied lemon-peel. Ptub the rice smooth with 
 the milk : then add the lemon-peel cut into small 
 pieces; boil for half an hour, and strain whilst 
 the milk is hot. It is used in the same cases as 
 rice jelly. 
 
 OS, Bone, Mouth, see Ossiculum — o. Acromii, 
 Acromion — o. Adjutorium, Humeri os — o. Alae- 
 forme. Sphenoid — o. Alagas, Coccyx, Sacrum 
 
 — o. Alatum, Sphenoid bone — o. Amphideon, 
 Os uteri — o. Anonyme, Innominatum os — o. 
 Anonymum, Innominatum os — o. Anticum, 
 Avant bouche — o. Arcuale, Temporal bone — o. 
 Armale, Temporal bone — o. Asser, Sternum — 
 o. de I'Assiette, Ischion — o. Azygos, Sphenoid 
 
 — o. Ballistse, Astragalus — o. Basilare, Occi- 
 pital bone. Palate bone, Sacrum, Sphenoid — o. 
 Baxillare, Sphenoid — o. Bicorne, Hyoides os — o. 
 Brachiale, Humeri os — o. Brachii, Humeri os — o. 
 Calcis, Calcaneum — o. Capitatum, Magnum os — 
 o. Caudae, Occipital bone — o. Clunium, Sacrum — 
 o. Coceygis, Coccyx — o. Colatorii, Sphenoid bone 
 
 — o. Colatorium, Ethmoid bone — o. Coliforme, 
 Ethmoid — o. Convolutum superius. Turbinated 
 bone, middle — o.-Coronale, Frontal bone — o. 
 Coxae, Innominatum os — o. Coxal, Innominatum 
 os, Ischion — o. Cribleux, Ethmoid — o. Cribri- 
 
OS CROTAPHALE 
 
 662 
 
 OSCHONCUS 
 
 forme. Ethmoid — o. Cribrosum, Ethmoid — o. 
 Cristatum, Ethmoid — o. Crochu, Os unciforme. 
 
 OS CROTAPHALE. A name given by M. 
 Beclard to a bone sometimes met with at the an- 
 terior and inferior angle of the parietal bone; from 
 Kporatpos, 'the temple.' 
 
 Os Crotaphiticum, Temporal bone — o. Cubi- 
 cum, Ethmoid bone — o. ad Cubitale, Radius — 
 0. Cubiti Inferius, Ulna — o. de la Cuisse, Femur 
 
 — 0. Cuneiforme, Sphenoid — o. Cuneo compara- 
 tum, Sphenoid — o. Cymbiforme, Scaphoid bone 
 
 — 0. Disciforme, Patella — o. Durum, Temporal 
 bone — o. Ensiforme, Sternum. 
 
 OS EPAGTALE. A name given to one of the 
 ossa Wormiana ; particularly to one met with in 
 the posterior fontauelle, and which has been de- 
 scribed by G. Fischer, under the name On Epac- 
 tale seu Goethia'num. 
 
 OS EPAGTAUX, Wormiana ossa. 
 
 Os Externum. The entrance into the vagina, 
 in contradistinction to the Os inter'num or Os u'teri. 
 
 Os Extra Ordinem Carpi, Os pisiforme — o- 
 Femoris, Femur — o. Fibrosum, Occipital bone — 
 o. Foraminulentum, Ethmoid — o. Frontis, Fron- 
 tal bone — 0. GenaB, Malae os — o. Gladioli, Ster- 
 num — o. Grand, Magnum os — o. Grand, col du, 
 Collum ossis magni — o. Grandinosum, Cuboid — o. 
 Gutturis, Hyoides os — o. Hamatum, Os unciforme 
 
 — o. Hors du rang, Os pisiforme — o. Hypopium, 
 Malae os — o. Hypseloides, Hyoides os — o. Incon- 
 jugatum, Sphenoid — o. Incudi similis, Incus — o. 
 Inferius ventriculi, Pylorus — o. Innomine, Inno- 
 minatum os — o. Intercales, Wormiana ossa — o. 
 Internum, see Uterus — o. Inverecundum, Frontal 
 bone — 0. Ischii, Ischion — o. Interparietale, Inter- 
 parietal bone — 0. Jugale, Malae os — o. Jugamen- 
 tum, MalEE OS — o. Juguli, Clavicle — o. Lacrymale, 
 Unguis OS — 0. Lambda, Occipital bone— o. Lamb- 
 doides, Hyoides os, Occipital bone — o. Lapideum, 
 Temporal bone — o. Lapidosum, Temporal bone 
 — 0. Latum, Sacrum — o. Latum humeri, Scapula, 
 — 0. Lenticulare, Os orbiculare, Os pisiforme — o. 
 Lepidoides, Temporal bone — o. Linguse, Hyoides 
 OS — o. Linguale, Hyoides os — o. Lithoides, Tem- 
 poral bone — 0. Magnum, neck of the, Collum 
 ossis magni — o. il/aZaiVe, Malae os — o. Malare, 
 Malae os — o. Maxillae superioris undecimum. 
 Vomer — o. 3Iaxillaire inferieure, Collum mandi- 
 bulae — 0. Memento mori. Temporal bone — o. Me- 
 moriae, Occipital bone — o. Mendosum, Temporal 
 bone — o. Morsus Adami, Thyroid cartilage — o. 
 Mucronatum, Xiphoid cartilage — o. Multangulum 
 majus. Trapezium os — o. Multangulum minus, 
 Trapezoides os — o. Multiforme, Ethmoid, Sphe- 
 noid — o. Nasaxix, Nasal bones — o. Naviculare, Os 
 scaphoides — o. Nervale, Temporal bone — o. Ner- 
 vosum, Occipital bone — o. Occipiti, Occipital bone 
 — 0. Orbiculare, Os pisiforme — o. du Palais, Pa- 
 late bone — 0. Palati, Palate bone — o. Palatin, 
 Palate bone — o. Papillare, Sphenoid — o. Parie- 
 tale inferius, Temporal bone — o. Paxillare, Sphe- 
 noid — o. Pectinis, Pubis, os — o. Pectoris, Ster- 
 num — 0. Pelvi-cephalicum, Occipital bone — o. 
 Pelvis laterale, Innominatum os — o. Perone, Fi- 
 bula — 0. Petrosum, Temporal bone — o. Polymor- 
 phon, Sphenoid — o. de la Pommette, Malae os — o. 
 Posterum, Pharynx — o. Prseruptse rupi assimila- 
 tum, Temporal bone — o. Procubitale, Ulna — o. 
 Propres dn nez, Nasal bones — o. Prorje, Frontal 
 
 . bone, Occipital bone — o. Pterygoideum, Sphenoid 
 — o. Pudicum, Malae os — o. Puppis, Frontal bone, 
 Occipital bone — o. Pyramidale carpi, Trapezoides 
 os — o. Pyxidis, Occipital bone — o. Rationis, Fron- 
 tal bone — o. du Raynn, Radius — o. Sacrum, Sa- 
 crum — 0. Saxeum, Temporal bone — o. Scutiforme, 
 Patella — o. de Seche, Sepia — ^o. Sedentarium, see 
 Ischiatic — o. Semilunars, Lunare os — o. Sextum 
 cranii, Occipital bone — o. du Sincijmt, Parietal 
 
 bones, see Sinciput — o. Sous-ethmo'idal, Turbi- 
 nated bone, inferior — o. Spheno-basilare, Occi- 
 pital bone — o. Sphecoideum, Sphenoid — o. Sphe- 
 noidale, Sphenoid — o. Sphenoides, Sphenoid — o. 
 Spongiosum, Ethmoid — o. Spongiosum inferius. 
 Turbinated bone, inferior — o. Spongiosum me- 
 dium. Turbinated bone, middle — o. Spongiosum 
 superius. Turbinated bone, middle, Turbinated 
 bone, superior — o. Spongoides, Ethmoid — o. 
 Squamosum, Temporal bone — o. Suboculare, 
 Malae os — o. Sunnaneraires, Wormiana ossa — o. 
 Susmaxillaire, Maxillary (superior) bone — o. 
 Sylvii, Os orbiculare — o. Syncipitis, Frontal bone 
 — o. Temporis, Temporal bone — o. Tesserse, As- 
 tragalus, Cuboid — 0. Thyreoides,Patella — o. Tibiae 
 minus. Fibula — o. Tincae, Os uteri-^o. Triangn- 
 laires, Wormiana ossa — o. Turbinatum, Turbi- 
 nated bone, middle — o. Turbinatum inferius, Tur- 
 binated bone, inferior — o. Uneinatum, Os unci- 
 forme — o. Upsiloides, Hyoides os. 
 
 Os U'teri, Os tinea seu inter'nnm seu am- 
 phid'eon seu amphid'eum, Protos'porus, Os'cJieon, 
 Hysteros'toma, Os'cuhim seu oriJie"ium u'teri, 
 Hysterostoni'ium, Hysteros'toma, (F.) iluseau de 
 Tanche. The mouth of the womb, see Uterus. 
 
 Os Uteri Externum, see Uterus — o. Uteri in- 
 ternum, see Uterus — o. Varium, Cuboid — o. Ves- 
 piforme, Sphenoid — o. Vomeris, Vomer — o. 
 Wormiens, Wormiana ossa — o. Xiphoides, Ster- 
 num — o. Ypseloides, Hyoides os — o. Zygomati- 
 cum, Malae os. 
 
 OSCEDO, Yawning. 
 
 OSCH^MATCEDE'MA, OscTicp.mcede'ma, 
 (Ede'ma scroti cruen'tum ; from ois')(tov, ' scrotum,' 
 'aifjia, 'blood,' and oibrnia, ' oedema.' Effusion of 
 blood into the scrotum. 
 
 OSCH^MCEDEMA, OschEematcedema. 
 OSCHE, Scrotum. 
 OSCHEITIS, Orcbeitis, Oscbitis. 
 OSCHEO CARCINOMA, Cancer, chimney- 
 sweepers'. _ 
 
 OSCHEOCE'LB, Oschoce'le, Scroioee'le, from 
 oaxeov, 'the scrotum,' and /o?A;?, 'tumour;' Scro- 
 tal hernia, see Bubonocele. Sauvages uses os- 
 cheocele in the sense of Dropsy of the scrotum, 
 see Hydrocele. 
 
 Oscheocele AQuosa, Hydroscheocele — o. Fla- 
 tulenta, Physocele — o. Hydatidosa, Hydatidocele 
 — 0. (Edematica, CEdematoscheocele — o. Semina- 
 lis. Spermatocele — o. Urinalis, Urocele — o. Vari- 
 cosa. Varicocele. 
 
 OSGHEOCHALASIE, from oaxi^ov, 'the scro- 
 tum,' and ;;^aAa(ris, 'relaxation.' A tumour re- 
 sulting from hypertrophy of the areolar tissue 
 of the scrotum, and the excessive extension of 
 the skin of the part, — an affection which has been 
 confounded with sareocele. — Alibert. 
 OSCHEON, Scrotum, Os uteri. 
 OSCHEON'CUS, Oschon'cus, Oscheophy'ma, 
 Oschophy'ma, from oscheon, and oyKos, ' a tumour.' 
 A preternatural swelling of the scrotum. 
 OSCHEOPHYMA, Oscheoncus. 
 OSCHEOPLAS'TIC, Oscheoplas'ticns, from 
 oscheon,' and rrXaacu), ' I form.' An epithet given 
 to the operation for restoring the scrotum when 
 lost. Os'cheoplasty. 
 
 OSCHEOPYCEDE'MA, Oschopycede'ma, (Ede'- 
 ma scroti purulen' turn. Purulent tumefaction of 
 the scrotum. 
 
 OSCHEUS. Scrotum. 
 
 OS'CHION. The raised margin of the os uteri. 
 
 According to some,an excrescence from the os uteri. 
 
 OSCEl'TIS,Orchei'tis, Oschei'tis, Inflamma'tio 
 
 scroti, from oscheon, and itis, ' inflammation.' 
 
 Inflammation of the scrotum. 
 
 OSCHOCARCINOMA, Cancer, chimney, 
 sweepers'. 
 
 OSCHOCELE, Oscheocele, Scrotocele. 
 OSCHONCUS, Oscheoncus. 
 
OSCHOPHYMA 
 
 663 
 
 OSSICULA 
 
 OSCHOPHYMA, Oscheoncus. 
 
 OSCHOPYCEDEMA, Oscheopyoedema. 
 
 OSCHURCEDB'MA; from oscheon, ovpov, 
 ' urine/ and eiSri/ia, ' oedema.' (Edema from effu- 
 sion of urine into the scrotum. 
 
 OSCnUS, Scrotum. 
 
 OSCHYDRCEDE'MA, from oscheon, 'vSap, 
 ' water,' and otiifia, ' oedema.' (Edema scroti 
 aqito'sum. Watery oedema of the scrotum. 
 
 OSCILLA'TIO, Irritability, Oscillation. 
 
 OSCILLA'TION, OsciUa'tio,- from oscillum, 
 'an image, perhaps of Bacchus, hung on ropes, 
 and swung up and down in the air.' Vibration, 
 Vihra'men, Vihra'tio, Vibra'tus. Also, a partial 
 rotatory movement of the eyeball to and from its 
 antero-posterior axis. 
 
 OS'CITANT (FEVER), Febris os'cifans, (F.) 
 Filvre oscitante, from oscitare, 'to yawn.' A ferer, 
 in which the patient is continually yawning. 
 
 OSCITATIO, Yawning. 
 
 OSCULATORIUS, Orbicularis oris. 
 
 OSCULUM UTERI, Os uteri. 
 
 OSCUS, Scrotum. 
 
 OSEILLE, Rumex acetosus — o. Boucher, Ru- 
 mex scutatus — o. Petite, Rumex scutatus — o. 
 Ronde, Rumex scutatus — o. Rouge, Rumex san- 
 guineus. 
 
 OSIER, Salix alba — o. red, Cornus sericca. 
 
 OS'MAZOME, Os'mozome, Osjnazo'ma, Osiiio- 
 eo'ma, Os'mazone, Zomod'mum, fF.) Ifatiere ex- 
 tractive da Bouillon, Extrait de viande ; Extrac'- 
 tive or Saponaceous extract of meat ; from oaiir], 
 'smell,' and i,wjiog, 'soup.' M. Thenard gave 
 this name to an extractive matter, contained in 
 muscular flesh and in the blood of animals, which 
 he considers of a peculiar nature. It has an 
 agreeable smell and taste, and is found in Bouil- 
 lons of meat, in the proportion of one part to 
 seven of gelatin. Vauquelin discovered in it 
 some fungi. It is the substance which gives the 
 flavour of meat to soups, and hence its name. 
 It is a mixture of different erystallizable and un- 
 crystallizable principles with empyreumatic pro- 
 ducts. 
 
 Osmazome has been prescribed in the dose of 
 ^ss to 3J. in broth or in powder, with aromatics, 
 as a stimulant to the digestive actions and a re- 
 storer of appetite in convalescence. An Osma- 
 zome choc'olate, Ohocola'ta cum osmazo'ma, has 
 been introduced as an analeptic article of diet. 
 It consists of chocolate Ibj to osmazome ^j. 
 
 OSMB. Odour. 
 
 OSMESIS, Olfaction. 
 
 OSMIDRO'SIS, from oc/ni, 'odour,' and 'tSpwg, 
 'sweat.' Perspiration of an unusual odour. 
 
 OSMITOPS'IS ASTERISCOii'DES, Bellis. 
 A plant, of the Cape of Good Hope, which, from 
 its smell and taste, seems to contain camphor; 
 hence its antispasmodic virtues. In infusion, it 
 is often beneficially employed in cough, hoarse- 
 ness, and diseases of the chest generally, and is 
 said to be serviceable in flatulent colic. Infused 
 in spirit, spir'itus beU'idis, it has been used suc- 
 cessfully as an external remedv in paralysis. 
 
 OSMOMETRICUS SENSUS, Olfaction. 
 
 OSMON'OSI, Osmonu'si, iTorbi olfac'tits, from 
 oaur], 'odour,' and voao;, 'a disease.' Diseases of 
 olfaction. 
 
 OSMONOSOLOG"IA, from atr/iJi, ' odour,' vocog, 
 'disease/ and \oyoi, 'description.' The doctrine 
 of, or a treatise on, the diseases of the sense of 
 smell. 
 
 OSMORRHI'ZA LONGIS'TYLIS, {o,y^n, 'a 
 scent,' and pt^a, 'a root,') Sweet Oic"ely. An in- 
 aigenous plant, Order, Umbelliferae, which flowers 
 in May and June. It is an agreeable aromatic, 
 having much of the flavour of anise. 
 
 OSMOSE, Osnio'sis ; from u(T//of, 'impulse.' 
 The action by which fluids are impelled through 
 
 moist membrane and other porous septa, in en- 
 dosmotic and exosmotic experiments. 
 
 OSMOT'IC, Osmot'icus, same etymon. Re- 
 lating or belonging to osmose ; as " osmotic force," 
 the force which induces osmose. 
 
 OSMOZOME, Osmazome. 
 
 OSMUND, ROYAL, Osmunda regalis. 
 
 OSMUN'DA CINNAMO'MEA, Cinnamon 
 Fern. Indigenous ; Order, Filices ; is regarded 
 to be demulcent, subastringent, and tonic. Boiled 
 in milk, it yields a fine mucilage, which is useful 
 in diarrhoea. 
 
 Osmun'da Rega'liS, 0. spectab'ilis, Filix 
 Flor'ida, Flow' ering Fern, Osmund-roynl. This 
 plant was once thought to possess astringent and 
 emmenagogue virtues. 
 
 Osmunda Spbctabilis, 0. regalis. 
 
 OSORON, Opium. 
 
 OSPHRANTERICUS, Olfactory. 
 
 OSPHRANTICOS, Olfactory 
 
 OSPHRASIA, Olfaction. 
 
 OSPHRESIOL'OGY, Osphrcsiolog"ia, from 
 oacpprjats, 'olfaction,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' A 
 treatise on olfaction and odours. 
 
 OSPHRESIS, Olfaction. 
 
 OSPHRETICUS, Olfactory. 
 
 OSPHRIS'TICE, from oa^pncig, 'olfaction/ 
 The doctrine of the phenomena of odours. 
 
 OSPHYALGEMA, Coxalgia. 
 
 OSPHYALGIA, Coxalgia. 
 
 OSPHYARTHRITIS, Osphyitis. 
 
 OSPHYARTHROCACE, Coxarum morbus. 
 
 OSPHYI'TIS, Osphy'tis, Osphyarthri'tis, In- 
 flamma'tio coxa, from oiKjtvg, 'the hip,' and itia, 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the parts 
 about the hip. 
 
 OSPHYRRHEUMA, Lumbago. 
 
 OSPHYS, Haunch, Lumbi. 
 
 OSPHYTIS, Osphvitis. 
 
 OSSA BREGMATIS, Parietal bones— o. Con- 
 voluta inferiora. Turbinated bones, inferior — o. 
 Digitorum manfls, Phalanges of the fingers — o. 
 Digitorum pedis. Phalanges of the toes — o. Epac- 
 talia, Wormiana ossa — o. Maxillse superioris 
 quarta seu quinta seu secunda. Nasal bones — o. 
 Nasalia, Nasal bones — o. Nasi, Nasal bones — o. 
 Nervalia, Parietal bones — o. Pisiformia lingualia, 
 see Hyoides, os — o. Raphogeminantia, Wormiana 
 ossa — 0. Sesamoidea, Sesamoid bones — o. Sin- 
 cipitis, Parietal bones — ^o. Spongiosa, Turbinated 
 bones — o. Suturarum, Wormiana ossa — o. Tertia 
 maxillae superioris, Turbinated bones — o. Tetra- 
 gona, Parietal bones — o. Triangularia, Sphenoidal 
 cornua — o. Triangularia Blasii, Wormiana ossa 
 — o. Triquetra, Wormiana ossa — o. Triticea, see 
 Hyoides, os — o. Turbinata, Turbinated bones — o. 
 Verticalia, Parietal bones. 
 
 OSSEINE, Osteine. 
 
 OSSELETS DE BERTIN, Sphenoidalia cor- 
 nua — o. de V Oreille, Ossicula auditfis — o. de 
 I'Ouie, Ossicula auditds — o. du Tympan, Ossicula 
 auditfts. 
 
 OSSEOUS, Os'seus, Osto'des, Osto'i'des, Ostoid, 
 (F.) Osseux ; from os, ' a bone.' Bony, Resem- 
 bling bone. 
 
 OSSICLES. Ossicula, see Ossiculum. 
 
 OSSICULA, see Ossiculum. 
 
 Ossic'nLA Audi'tus, 0. Anris, (F.) Osselets de 
 I'oreille ou de I'ouie ou du tyvipan. The small 
 bones or ossicles situate in the cavity of the tym- 
 panum, and forming an uninterrupted chain from 
 the membrane of the tympanum to that of the 
 fenestra ovalis. They are four in number; and 
 their series, from without to within, is as fol- 
 lows: 3Ialleus, Incus, Os orbiculare, Stapes. 
 
 Ossicula Bertini, Sphenoidalia cornua — o. 
 Innominata, Innominata minora ossa — o. Nasi, 
 Nasal bones — o. Sesamoidea, Sesamoid bones — o. 
 Triticea, see Hyoides, os. 
 
OSSICULUM 
 
 664 
 
 OSTEO-SARCOMA 
 
 OSSICULUM, (plural Ossic'uJa,) Osta'rion, 
 Os'sicle. Diminutive of os, oisis, ' a bone.' A 
 small bone. See Os. 
 
 Ossiculum Cochleare, Orbicular bone — o. 
 Incudi Comparatum, Incus — o. Malleolo assi- 
 milatum, Malleus — o. Molari denti comparatum, 
 Incus — 0. Orbiculare, Orbicular bone — o. Quar- 
 tum, Orbicular bone — o. Squamosum, Orbicular 
 bone. 
 
 OSSIFICA'TION, Ossijiea'tw, Ossifac'tio, from 
 OS, 'a bone,' and/acere, 'to make.' Osteogen'ia, 
 Osteogen' csis, Osteo'sis, Osto'sis. Formation of 
 bone. Development or increase of the osseous 
 system. Ossification takes place in the same 
 manner as the nutrition of other organs. The 
 bones are, at first, mucous, and afterwards carti- 
 laginous; the cartilage, at length, receives the 
 phosphate of lime, and is, at the same time, re- 
 placed by a gelatinous parenchyma, when the 
 bone has acquired the whole of its development. 
 Ossification, Points of, Puncta seu Nu'clei 
 onsificatio'nis, Nu'clei ossei, are the points where 
 the ossification of a bone commences, whence it 
 extends to other parts. Almost all the bones 
 present a greater or less number of points of 
 ossification. Besides the natural ossification, 
 which we observe in the foetus and in the first 
 periods of life, there are also aeciden' tal ossifica- 
 tions, such as those frequently remarked after 
 the inflammation of serous membranes, in the 
 parietes of arteries, and to which the terms Os- 
 thex'ia, Incrusta'tion and Petrifac'tion have, 
 sometimes, been applied. 
 OSSIFRAGA, Osteocolla. 
 OSSTS SACRI ACUMEN, Coccyx. 
 OSSISANA, Osteocolla. 
 
 OSSIV'OROUS, from os, ossis, 'a bone,' and 
 voro, 'I devour.' A species of tumour, mentioned 
 by Ruysch, which destroys bone. 
 
 OS'TAG-RA, Os'teagt-a, from otrreov, 'a bone,' 
 and aypa, 'seizure.' A forceps to cut or remove 
 portions of bone. 
 
 OSTALGIA. Osteocopus. 
 OSTARIUiM, Ossiculum. 
 OSTARTHRTTIS, Arthrophlogosis. 
 OSTARTIIROCACE, Spina ventosa. 
 OSTEAGRA. Ostagra. 
 OSTEALGIA, Osteocopus. 
 Or^TEIDE, Osteoid. 
 
 OS'TEI^E, Osse(";ie, from ooTto!/, 'a bone.' The 
 animal matter of bone. 
 OSTEITES, Osteocolla. 
 
 OSTEI'TIS, Osti'tis, from oartov, 'a bone,' and 
 itis. Infiamma'tio Ossis. Inflammation of bone ; 
 characterized by violent shooting and lancinating 
 pains in a bone. 
 
 OSTEMPYE'SIS, Osteempye'sis, Ostempyo'sis. 
 from oartov, 'a bone,' and cunvrjaig, (sv, and nvov,) 
 ' effusion of pus.' An abscess in the interior of a 
 bone. 
 
 OSTEMPYOSIS, Ostempyesis. 
 OSTEOANABROSIS, Osteonabrosis. 
 OSTEOCE'LE. from ootmv, 'a bone,' and ntjXtj, 
 'n tumour.' A hernia in which the sac is carti- 
 laginous and bony: — a rare case. Also, osseous 
 induration of one or both testicles. 
 OSTEOCLASIS, Fracture. 
 OSTEOCOL'LA, from ootmv, 'a bone,' and 
 KoX'Xa. 'glue.' Glue-bone, Stone or Bone binder; 
 Ossif'ragn, Hnlos'tens, Ossisa'na, Ostri'tes, Os- 
 tei'tes, Amos' tens. Osteol'ithos, Sfelochi'tes. A 
 name given to petrified carbonate of lime, found 
 in some parts of Germany and other portions of 
 the globe ; so called, because it has been sup- 
 posed to possess the power of favouring the for- 
 mation of callus in fractures. It is the Chanx 
 cnrboiiatee concretionnie incrustante of Haiiy. 
 Not used. 
 
 OSTEOCOPUS, Osteal'gia, Ostal'gia, Osteo- 
 
 di/n'ia, from oareov, 'a bone,' and Kon-oy, 'fatigue.' 
 Boneuch, Bone-ague. Pain in the bones, — as in 
 sj'philis. 
 
 OSTEOCYST'OID, Osteocystoi'des, from o(jTeov, 
 'a bone,' /cuorif, 'a sack or cyst,' and ulos, 'ap- 
 pearance.' A morbid growth in bone, consisting 
 of the formation of cysts filled with puriform or 
 other fluid. 
 
 OSTEODENTINE, see Tooth. 
 OSTEODYNIA, Osteocopus. 
 OSTEOGANGRiENA, Necrosis. 
 OSTEOGENIA, Ossification. 
 OSTEOG'RAPHY, Osteogra'phia, from oartov, 
 'a bone,' and ypaiptiv, 'to describe.' Description 
 of the bones. The part of anatomy which de- 
 scribes the bones. 
 
 OSTEOHELCOSIS, Caries. 
 OS'TEOID, Osteoi'des, (F.) Osteide, from oarzov, 
 'bone,' and clIos, 'appearance.' An accidental 
 bony production, or more frequently a morbid 
 production, which is a calcareous incrustation of 
 the normal tissue or of fibrous tumours. 
 OSTEOLITHOS, Osteocolla. 
 OSTEOL'OGY, Osteolog"ia, from oanov, 'a 
 bone,' and \oyoi, 'a discourse.' The part of ana- 
 tomy which treats of bones. 
 
 OSTEOLYO'SIS, from oartov, 'a bone,' and 
 Xufc), ' I dissolve.' Necrosis or death of the bone, 
 as in hospital gangrene, in which the dead parts 
 are of soft consistence. 
 OSTEOMA, Exostosis. 
 
 OSTEOMALACIA, Mollities ossium — o. In- 
 fantum, Rachitis. 
 
 OSTEOMALACOSIS. Mollities ossium. 
 OSTEOMYELITIS, Medullitis. 
 OSTEON, Bone— 0. Hieron, Sacrum. 
 OSTEONABRO'SIS, Osteoanabro'sis, from 
 oareov, 'a bone,' a priv., and Ppuai;, 'nutriment.' 
 Atrophy of the osseous texture marked by dimi- 
 nution of volume. 
 
 OSTEON'CUS, from oareov, 'a bone,' and oyKo;, 
 'a tumour.' A bony tumour. 
 OSTEONECROSIS, Necrosis. 
 OSTEON'OSL Osteonu'si, from oareov, 'a bone,' 
 and voaoq, 'a disease.' Mor'hi os'sium. Diseases 
 of the bones. 
 
 OSTEOPEDION, Lithopffidion. 
 OSTEOPALIN'CLASIS, from oareov, 'a bone,' 
 TTa\iv, 'again,' and xXoffij, 'fracture.' The break- 
 ing again of a bone which has united unfavour- 
 ably. 
 
 OSTEOPHY'MA, Osteoncus. Sometimes used 
 in the sense of Exostosis. By Lobstein applied 
 to bony productions originating in the deep- 
 seated layers of the periosteum, in the vicinity 
 of a carious bone, and which seem to be intended ' 
 to obviate the weakness resulting from the de- 
 struction of the bone. 
 
 OSTEOPHYTE, Exostosis. 
 OSTEOPH'YTON, Os'teophyte, from oareov, 'a 
 bone,' and 0ua), 'I grow.' Under this name, 
 Rokitansky describes a deposition of bony matter, 
 found by him on the inner surface of the parietes 
 of the skull of pregnant women. 
 
 OS'TEOPLASTY, (F.) Osteoplastie,fvoTa oareov, 
 'a bone,' and nXaaaeiv, 'to form.' An operation 
 by which the total or partial loss of a bone is 
 remedied. 
 
 OSTEOPLEU'RA, Pleurosto'sis, from oareov, 
 'a bone,' and rrXmpov, *a rib.' Ossification of the 
 cartilages of the ribs. 
 
 OSTEOPORO'SIS, Osteosclero'sis, from oareov, 
 'a bone,' and Traipwirif, 'induration.' Induration 
 of a bone, from the deposition of too much bony 
 matter. Also, a bony degeneration, which con- 
 sists in too great porosity with hardening. [?] 
 OSTEOPSATHYROSIS, Fragilitas ossium. 
 OSTEO-SARCO'MA, Osteo-sarco'sis, Sarcoato'. 
 ais, HcBTnatexoato'sia, from oareov, ' bone,' and o-cf s< 
 
OSTEOSARCOSIS 
 
 6 65 
 
 OTITIS 
 
 uafiKoi, 'flesh.' Disease of the bony tissue, which 
 consists in softening of its laminae, and their 
 transformation into a fleshy substance, analogous 
 to that of cancer; accompanied with general 
 symptoms of cancerous affection. The word has 
 often, also, been used synonymously with spina 
 ventosa. 
 
 OSTEOSARCOSIS, Osteosarcoma. 
 OSTEOSCLEROSIS, Osteoporosis. 
 
 OSTEOSIS, Ossification. 
 
 OSTEO-STEATO'MA, Exonto'sh steatomato'- 
 des, from oartov, 'a bone,' and crtap, crcaTOs, 'suet 
 or fat.' A name given to bony tumours or de- 
 generations, which sometimes belong to osteo-sar- 
 coma; at others, to spina ventosa, exostosis, &c. 
 
 OSTEOTOME ; same etymon as Osteotomy. 
 A bone saw, which has the form of a chain. — 
 Nysten. 
 
 OSTEOT'OMIST, Osteotomis'ta. Same etymon 
 as the next. An instrument, invented by Dr. D. 
 Davis, for cutting the bones of the fogtal cranium, 
 where it becomes necessary to greatly reduce the 
 size of the head in parturition. 
 
 OSTEOT'OMY, OHeotom'ia, from oartov, ' 2l 
 bone,' and TtjjLveiv, 'to cut,' {roj.iri, 'an incision.') 
 The part of practical anatomy whose object is the 
 dissection of bones. 
 
 OSTEOTOPHUS, Tophus. 
 
 OSTEOTYLUS, Callus. 
 
 OSTEULCUM, Bone-nippers. 
 
 OSTEUM, Bone. 
 
 OSTHEXIA, see Ossification. 
 
 OSTIARIUS, Pylorus. 
 
 OSTIOLUM, diminutive of oartov, 'a mouth 
 or opening.' A small door or gate. 
 
 OsTioLA Cordis, Yal'vxdce cordis, PelUc'uJm 
 cordis. The valves of the heart. 
 
 OSTITIS, Osteitis. 
 
 OS'TIUM, oareov, Or{fic"ium, a door or gate, 
 
 — of the heart, for example. The opening — 
 Os'tiitm atrioventricida're seu ventric'uli veno'sum 
 
 — between the auricle and ventricle of each side. 
 Os'tium ventric'uli arferio'sum, is the opening at 
 the origin of the pulmonary artery and aorta. 
 
 Ostium Abdomixale, see Tube, Fallopian — o. 
 Arteriosum, see Ostium — o. Atrioventriculare, 
 see Ostium — o. Duodenale ventriculi. Pylorus — o. 
 Internum, see Ostium uteri — o. (Esophageum, 
 Cardia. 
 
 Ostium U'teri. The vulva; the vagina. The 
 term Os'tium inter'num has been applied to the 
 inferior opening of the uterus, which establishes 
 a free communication between the cavities of the 
 body and neck, and which is often obliterated in 
 old women. — Cruveilhier. The neck of the ute- 
 rus : the mouth of the uterus. See Uterus. 
 
 Ostium Uterinum, see Tube, Fallopian — o. 
 Venosum, see Ostium — o. Ventriculi Duodenale 
 seu Pyloricum seu Dextrum seu Inferius, Pylorus. 
 
 OSTODES, Osseous. 
 
 OSTOIDEA SUBSTANTIA, see Tooth. 
 
 OSTOID, Osseous. 
 
 OSTOMA, Exostosis. 
 
 OSTOSIS, Ossification. 
 
 OS'TREA, Os'treum, oarptov, ocrrptiov, Os'trea 
 eda'lis, (F.) Huitre. C/«ss, Acephala. The oyster. 
 The oyster is a wholesome article of diet, often 
 advised as analeptic and easy of digestion. 
 
 The shells, Test(B Os'trece, Testa (Ph. U. 'S.), 
 (F.) Eeailles d'huttres, have been received into 
 the Pharmacopoeias, and used medicinally. Their 
 virtues are similar to those of the carbonate of 
 lime. See Creta. 
 
 OSTREUM, Ostrea. 
 
 OSTRITES, Osteoeolla. 
 
 OSTRUTHIUM, Imperatoria. 
 
 OSWEGO TEA, Monarda coccinea. 
 
 OSYRIS, Antirhinum linaria. 
 
 OTACOUST'IC, Otacous'tieus, from ouj, uiroj, 
 
 'the ear,' and aKovui, '1 listen.' Any instrument 
 is so called which improves the sense of hearing, 
 — as the different species of trumpets. 
 
 OTAGRA, Otalgia. 
 
 OTAL'GIA, Ot'agra, Otod'yne, Otal'gy, (F.) 
 Otalgie, from ovf, urog, 'the ear,' and nAyoj, 'pain.' 
 Pain in the ear ; Dvlor au'rium, S'pus'mus au'- 
 riitm, Ear-ache. See Otitis. 
 
 OTAL'GIC, Olal'gicus, (F.) Olalgique. An 
 epithet for remedies used in otalgia. 
 
 OTECHUS, Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 OTEMPLAS'TBUM, Otoplas'ta, Otoplas'trum, 
 from ous, otos, and efjur^aarpov, ' a plaster. A plas- 
 ter put behind the ears. 
 
 OTEN'CHYTES, Oten'chyta, from ous, otos, 
 tv, 'into,' and xvoi, 'I pour.' Sipho auricula'ris. 
 A species of syringe, used for injecting the ear. 
 
 OTHBLCO'SIS, from ous, otos, and 'tX/cuffis, 
 'ulceration.' Ulceration or suppuration of the 
 ear. 
 
 OTHONE, Linteum. 
 
 OTHONION, Linteum. 
 
 OTHYGROTES, Otirrhoea. 
 
 OTIATER, Aurist. 
 
 OTIATRI'A, Otiat'rice, from ous, otos, and 
 tarpua, 'medicine.' The business of the aurist. 
 The management of diseases of the ear; Aural 
 Medicine and Surgery, Ear Surgery. 
 
 OTIATKICE, Otiatria. 
 
 OTIATRUS, Aurist. 
 
 O'TIC, O'ticus, (F.) Otique, from ous, otos. 
 Belonging or relating to the ear. A medicine 
 employed in diseases of the ear. 
 
 Otic Ganglion, Otogan'glimn, Gnvg'lion anri- 
 cula're seu o'ticnm, Aw-ic'ular ganglion, Ganglion 
 of Arnold, (F.) Ganglion maxillo-tyw2Mnique. 
 This is a small ganglion, although more than 
 double the size of the ophthalmic, ash-coloured 
 and pulpy like the ganglions of the sympathetic. 
 It is situate in advance of the ganglion of Gasser, 
 on the lower surface of the inferior maxillary 
 nerve, at the inner margin of the foramen ovale 
 of the sphenoid bone. See Petrous ganglion. 
 
 OTIRRHCE'A, Otorrhw'a, Olhy'grotes, B/enno- 
 torrhoe'a, (F.) Catarrhe de I' Oreille, from ous, 
 otos, and ptu, 'I flow.' Discharge of a purulent 
 or puriform liquid, from the meatus auditorius ex- 
 ternus, Pyorrhoe'a au'rium, Ofopyorrhce'u, Pya- 
 otorrhoe'a, Otorrlioe'a purulen'ta. It is a symp- 
 tom of chronic otitis. Some authors, have, in- 
 deed, used the term synonymously with chronic 
 otitis. When it extends to the brain, it is termed 
 cer'ehral otorrhoe'a ; and when from the middle 
 or internal ear, it is termed internal otorrhuea, 
 Otorrhoe'a inter'na, and Entoforrhce/a. 
 
 Otirrhcba Cerebral, see Otirrhoea. 
 
 OTITES, see Digitus. 
 
 OTI'TIS, Otophleg'jnone, Empres'ina otitis, 
 Inflamma'tio auris, Inflammation of the- ear, (F.) 
 Otite, Inflammation de Vore.ille, from ous, otos, 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
 of the mucous membrane of the ear, characterized 
 by excruciating pain ; intolerable humming in 
 the ear, with a discharge of mucus generally from 
 the meatus externus or from the Eustachian 
 tube. When the inflammation is restricted to 
 the lining membrane of the meatus, it is termed 
 otitis catarrha'lis. Otitis is divided into external 
 and internal, according as it afi'ects the meatus 
 auditorius, or the cavity of the tympanum or 
 internal ear. It may be acute or chronic. Acute 
 otitis commonly terminates in a few dnys in a 
 favourable manner, with the aid of antipblogis- 
 tics. Chronic otitis, otirrhre'a, is nlnioi^t always 
 accompanied by a purulent discharge from the 
 meatus auditorius. It is often incurable, and 
 may ultimately give occasion to disease of the 
 internal ear, and even of the brain. 
 
 Otitis Catarrhalis, see Otitis. 
 
OTIUM 
 
 OVIGEROUS 
 
 O'TIUM, Ota'rium, from o«s, otos. A small 
 ear. The auricle or pavilion of the ear. 
 
 OTOCEPH'ALtIS, Mono'tia, from om, otos, 
 and KCipaXv, 'head.' A monster, whose ears are 
 in contact, or united into one. 
 OTOCONIES, see Otolithi. 
 OTODYNB, Otalgia. 
 OTOGLYPHIS, Earpiek. 
 OTOGLYPHUM, Earpiek. 
 OTOG'RAPHY, Otoyra'pMa, from ous, otos, 
 and Ypaipr), ' a description.' The part of anatomy 
 which describes the ear. 
 
 OT'OLITHS, OtoVitU, 0'toUtea,{Y.) Otolithes, 
 from ous, otos, and Xi0o;, ' a stone.' White cal- 
 careous substances contained in the membranous 
 vestibule, and seeming to be suspended in the 
 fluid of the vestibule by means of a number of 
 nervous filaments proceeding from the auditory 
 nerve. Their universal presence in the ear of 
 the mammalia would seem to show that they are 
 inservient to audition. AVhen of a looser con- 
 sistence, they are called Otoeon'ia, (F.) Otoconies, 
 from ovs, (i)ros, ' the ear,' and Kovia, ' dust.' 
 
 OTOL'OGY, Otolog'ia, from ous, otos, and 
 Aoyof, 'a discourse.' The part of anatomy which 
 treats of the ear. An anatomical treatise on the 
 ear. 
 
 OTOPATHEMA, Otopathy. 
 OTOP'ATHY, Otopathi'a, Ofopatke'ma, from 
 ous, otos, and irado;, ' a disease.' A diseased con- 
 dition of the ear. 
 
 OTOPHLEGMONE, Otitis. 
 OTOPLASTA, Otemplastrum. 
 OTOPLAS'TICE, O'to2}lasty, from oxis, otos, 
 and irXaffTiKOf, ' forming.' The operation for re- 
 storing a lost ear. 
 
 OTOPLASTRUM, Otemplastrum. 
 OTOPYORRH(EA, Otirrhoea. 
 OTORRHAG"IA, from ous, otos, and payi;, 
 'rupture.' Bleeding from the ear or ears. 
 
 OTORRHEUMATIS'MUS, from ous, otos, and 
 p£i)//ariff//of, 'rheumatism ;' Otal'gia rheumat'ica. 
 Rheumatic ear-ache. 
 
 OTORRHCEA, Otirrhoea— o. Cerebral, see Otir- 
 rhoea-^ o. Interna, see Otirrhoea — o. Purulenta, 
 Otirrhoea. 
 
 O'TOSCOPE, Otoscop'ium, from ous, otos, and 
 (TKo-rtj, 'examination.' An instrument for exami- 
 ning the condition of the ear. An elastic stetho- 
 scope, the ends of which are tipped with ivory — 
 one to be inserted into the meatus of the patient, 
 and the other applied to the ear of the examiner. 
 OTOT'OMY, Ototom'ia, from ous, otos, and 
 TtyLvuv, ' to cut.' The part of practical anatomy 
 which teaches the mode of dissecting and pre- 
 paring the ear. 
 
 OTTO OF ROSES, see Rosa centifolia. 
 OUACHITA SPRINGS, see Arkansas, mine- 
 ral waters of. 
 
 OUIB, Audition. 
 OULA, Gingivae. 
 OULE, Cicatrix. 
 OULITIS. Ulitis. 
 OULORRHAGIA, Ulorrhagia. 
 OUNCE. Un'cia. A weight equal to the 16th 
 part of a pound avoirdupois, the 12th of a pound 
 troy. It is composed of 8 drachms. See Weights 
 and Measures. 
 
 OUR A QUE, Urachus. 
 OURARI, Curare. 
 OUREMA, Urine. 
 
 OURLES, Parotis, Cynanche parotidsea. 
 OURON, Urine. 
 
 OUS, genitive otos, ovs, cotoj, Bar. 
 OUTHAR, Mamma, Uterus. 
 0UTRE-3IER, Lapis lazuli. 
 OUVERTURE CADAVERIQUE, Autopsia 
 cadaverica. 
 
 OVA GRAAFIANA, Folliculi Graafiani — o. 
 Nabothi, Nabothi glandulse. 
 
 OVA IRE, Ovarium. 
 
 OVAL, Ova'lis, O'd'des, Ooi'des, Ova'tus, (F.) 
 Ovale, from wov, ovum, ' an egg.' Egg-shaped ; 
 elliptic. That which is round and oblong like an 
 
 egg- 
 
 Otale Fora'men, Foramen ob'des, (F.) Trou 
 ovale. The foramen obturatorium ; also, the fo- 
 ramen in the inner paries of the middle ear, which 
 opens into the vestibule; the foramen in the 
 sphenoid bone, through which the third branch 
 of the fifth pair issues from the cranium; and the 
 aperture, in the foetus, between the auricles of 
 the heart. See Botal Foramen. 
 
 OvALis Fossa, Fo'vea ova'lis, Val'vula- seu 
 Ve8tig"ium Foram'inis ovalis, is a depression ob- 
 served in the right auricle of the heart, in the 
 septum, which separates it from the left auricle. 
 It has thick and strong edges, at its upper and 
 fore part, called Colum'na foram'inis ova'lis, 
 Isthmus seu An'nnlus Vieusse'nii, An'inihis seu 
 Limhus fosses ovalis: in the fcetus called An'- 
 nuhia foram'inis seu fossa ova'lis. The fossa 
 ovalis, in the adult, replaces the inter-auricular 
 aperture in the septum auricularum of the foetus. 
 
 OVALBUMEN, Albumen ovi. 
 
 OVA'RIAN, Ova'rial, Ovaria'nus, (F.) Ova- 
 rien, Ovarique ; from ovarium, (aaptov, 'the 
 ovary.' Relating or belonging to the ovary — as 
 Ovarian pregnancy. 
 
 Ovarian ABTERT,Spermatic artery — o. Nerves, 
 Spermatic plexus of nerves — o. Pregnancy, see 
 Pregnancy, ovarian — o. Veins, Spermatic veins— 
 o. Vesicles, Folliculi Graafiani. 
 
 OVARIOTOMY, Oariotomy. 
 
 O'VARISTS, Ovists. Same etymon as Ovarian. 
 Those physiologists who think that thephenomena 
 of generation, in the human species and in every 
 species of animal, result from the development 
 of the ova or ovula of the female, merely incited 
 by the male. Not many of the physiologists of 
 the present day can be classed among the 
 ovarists. 
 
 OVARITIS, Oaritis. 
 
 OVA'RIUM. Diminutive of mov, ovum, 'an 
 egg.' The O'vary, (Sc.) Egghed ; Testis mnlie'- 
 hris seu femine'us, Oa'rion, Ooph'oron, Oynoa'- 
 rium, Vesica'rium, (F.) Ovaire. The ovaries are 
 the organs in which the ova are formed in ovi- 
 parous animals. By analogy, the name has been 
 given to the organs which the ancients called the 
 testicles of the female. They are two ovoid 
 bodies, almost as large as the testicles in men, 
 placed on each side of the uterus, between the 
 Fallopian tube and round ligament, and in the 
 substance of the broad ligament. Their outer 
 extremity gives attachment to one of the projec- 
 tions of the fimbriated extremity of the Fallo- 
 pian tube ; and the internal is fixed to the uterus 
 by a small ligamentous cord, called Ligamen'tum 
 rotun'dum ova'rii, Lig'ament of the O'vary. The 
 ovaries are composed of a very close, spongy tex- 
 ture — stroma, — and of small vesicles — Follic'uli 
 Graafia'ni, — filled with a clear fluid : these vesi- 
 cles contain ovules, which detach themselves from 
 the ovarium before and after fecundation, and are 
 carried into the cavity of the uterus by the Fal- 
 lopian tube. 
 
 Ovarium TuMiDUBr, Oarioncus — o. Nabothi, 
 Nabothi glandula?. 
 
 OVATUS, Oval. 
 
 OVER-EATING, COLIC FROM, Colica era- 
 pulosa. 
 
 OVERO BUTUA, Pareira brava. 
 
 OVICAPSULE,'see Folliculi Graafiani. 
 
 OVIDUCT, Tube, Fallopian. 
 
 OVIDUCTUS MULIEBRIS, Tuba Fallopiana. 
 
 OVIG"EROUS, O'viger, Ovig"erus / from 
 
oviparit£ 
 
 60 7 
 
 OXYCANTHA 
 
 ovum, 'an egg,' and gero, 'I bear.' Containing 
 or producing ova or eggs. 
 
 OVIPARIT^, see Oviparous. 
 OVIP'AROUS, Ovip'ariis, (F.) Ovipare ; from 
 ovum, ' an egg,' and pario, ' I bring forth.' An 
 epithet applied to animals which are hatched from 
 eggs outside of the body. The condition may be 
 termed Ovip'arouanesa, (F.) Oviparite. See Ge- 
 neration. 
 
 OVIPAROUSNESS, see Oviparous. 
 OVISAC, see Folliculi Graafiani — o. Tunic of 
 the, see Folliculi Graafiani. 
 OVISTS, Ovarists. 
 OVOLOGY, Oologia. 
 
 OVO-VIVIP'AROUS, (F.) Ovo-vivipare, from 
 ovum, 'an egg,' vivus, 'living,' and pario, 'I 
 bring forth.' Oviparous animals, whose ova are 
 hatched within the mother, — vipers, for example. 
 See Generation. 
 
 OVULA GRAAFIANA, Folliculi Graafiani — 
 0. Nabothi, Nabothi glandulse. 
 
 O'VULAR, villa' ris; from oviilum, 'an ovule.' 
 Relating or belonging to the ovule. 
 
 OVULA'TION; from ovuliim, diminutive of 
 ovum, ' an egg.' The formation of ova in the 
 ovary, and the discharge of the same. Also, the 
 development of the embryo from the egg. 
 
 Spontaneous Ovulation, (F.) Ovulation spon- 
 tanee, is the spontaneous formation and discharge 
 of ova which takes place in the female of the 
 mammalia. See Heat. 
 OVULE, Ovulum. 
 OVULINE, Decidua reflexa. 
 O'VULUM, O'vule; diminutive of ovum, 'an 
 egg.' A small egg. That which has the appear- 
 ance of a small egg. See Ovum. 
 
 OVUM, uiov, Ooii, an egg. The eggs of poultry 
 are chiefly used as food. The different parts are, 
 likewise, employed in medicine. The shell, Au- 
 ran'cum, Auran'tum, (P.) Coque ou Coquille 
 d'wuf, calcined, is esteemed an absorbent. The 
 Oil of the egg is emollient, and is used, exter- 
 nally, to burns and chaps. The Yolk or Yelk 
 of the egg — Vitel'lum seu Vitel'lus ovi, Lec'ithos 
 — renders oils, <fec., miscible with water. Eggs, 
 when light boiled, are easy of digestion ; but, 
 when very hard-boiled or fried, they are more 
 rebellious. 
 
 Egg Brandij is made by taking of Brandy f.^iv; 
 Cinnamon water, f^iv; the yolks of two eggs; 
 Sugar, ^ss; and Oil of cinnamon, gtt. ij. Mix 
 the yolks of the eggs first with the water, the oil 
 and the sugar, stirring constantly. Then add the 
 brandy little and little, until a smooth fluid is 
 formed. It is an agreeable mode of giving brandy 
 in adynamic states. 
 
 In Pharmacy, lohite of egg, which consists 
 chiefly of albumen, is used for clarifying syrups, 
 &c. Yolk of egg, (F.) Jaune d'cexif, beaten up 
 with warm water and sugar, and aromatized with 
 orange-flower water, forms an emulsion, which 
 is emollient, and known under the name Lait de 
 poule or chicken's milk. 
 
 Anatomists give the name Ova, O'vula, O'vules, 
 (F.) CEiifs, to round vesicles, containing a humour 
 similar to the yolk of egg, which are situate in 
 the ovaries of the female, and, when fecundated, 
 constitute the rudiments of the foetus. During 
 gestation, the embryo and its enveloping mem- 
 branes retain the name Ovum, (F.) (Euf. The 
 changes induced in the mammalia after impreg- 
 nation greatly resemble those in the bird. 
 
 Ovum, Testicle — o. Hystericum, see Clavus 
 hystericus. 
 
 OXALAS SUBPOTASSICUS, Potass, oxalate 
 of. 
 
 OXALAT'IC, Oxalat'icua. Relating to oxa- 
 lates : hence Oxolat'ic or Oxalic acid Diath'esia 
 
 is the habit of body which favours the formation 
 and deposition of oxalates from the urine. 
 
 OXAL'IC ACID, Acidum oxali'num seu sac- 
 chari'nwn seu hydro-carbon'icum seu acetosel'lcB, 
 seu oxal'icum seu aac'chari, Acid of sugar or of 
 sorrel, Car'honous acid, from o|aXi5, ' sorrel.' An 
 acid found in sorrel. It crystallizes in long, 
 colourless, quadrangular prisms, and is generally 
 found, in nature, united with lime or potassa 
 It has been proposed, in a diluted state, as a re- 
 frigerant, but it is unnecessary ; and, besides, in 
 quantity, it is a virulently acrid poison. It is 
 largely employed for cleaning boot-tops ; and, as 
 it strongly resembles the sulphate of magnesia, 
 has often been taken for it. Several fatal cases 
 are, indeed, on record. For its antidotes, &c., 
 see Poison. 
 
 OXALIC ACID DIATHESIS, see Oxalatic. 
 OXALIDE, Oxalis acetosella. 
 0XALI3 ACETOSA, Rumex acetosus. 
 Ox'alis Acetosel'la, 0. America'na, Oxya 
 alba, called from o^v?, 'acid,' owing to the sharp- 
 ness of its juice. Ths systematic name of the 
 Woodsorrel, Cuckowbread, Sour Trefoil, White 
 sorrel. Mountain Sorrel, Trifo'lium aceto'sum, 
 Oxitriphyl'lum, Lujula, Allelu'ja, Acetosel'la, 
 OxyphyVhm, Oxytriphyl'lon, Pania cu'culi, (F.) 
 Surelle, Oxalide, Pain a Coucou, Alleluia. Ord. 
 Oxalidaceffi. Sex. Syat. Decandria Decagynia. 
 This plant has a gratefully acid taste, and is used 
 in salads. It has been esteemed refrigerant, an- 
 tiscorbutic, and diuretic. 
 
 Oxalis Americana, 0. acetosella. 
 Oxalis Stricta, Yellow wood sorrel ; indige- 
 nous, has similar virtues. 
 
 Oxalis Tubero'sa, Oca. A tuberous plant, 
 whose oval-shaped root is used as food by the 
 Peruvians. It is watery, has a sweetish taste, 
 and is much liked. 
 
 OXALIUM, Potass, oxalate of. 
 OXAL'ME, from ofuf, 'agid,' and 'a\s, 'salt.' 
 A mixture of vinegar and salt. 
 OXALU'RIA, Urine, oxalic. 
 OXEL^'ON, from ofu?, ' acid,' and sXaiov, ' oil.' 
 A mixture of vinegar and oil, used as a condi- 
 ment. 
 
 OX EYE, Helenium autumnale— o. Gall, Bile 
 of the ox. 
 
 OXEOLE, Acetole. 
 OXICEDRE, Juniperus oxyeedrus. 
 OXID, Oxyd. 
 OXIDATION, Oxydation. 
 OXIDE, Oxyd. 
 
 OXIDUM, Oxyd, see Oxydum. 
 OXI'NES, o^ivn?, (otvoi,) from ofuj, 'acid.' 
 Wine already sour, but not yet vinegar. 
 OXITRIPHYLLUM, Oxalis acetosella. 
 OXODE, Oxyd. 
 OXODES, Acidulous. 
 OXOIDES, Acidulous. 
 OXOS, Aceticum acidum, Acetum. 
 OXTER, Axilla. 
 OXVRE, Oxyd. 
 OXYA, Fagus sylvatica. 
 OXYACANTHA, Mespilus oxyacantha. 
 OxyACAn'tha Gale'ni, Ber'beris. B. vulga'ris. 
 Spina ac"ida, Crespi'nus, (F.) Epine vinetie, 
 Vinetfier. Family, Berberideae. Sex. Sj/st. 
 Hexandria Monogynia. The Barberry. The fruit 
 of the berries, Barberries, is gratefully acid, and 
 moderately astringent. By preparing an alco- 
 holic extract of the root and adding water to it, 
 a pulverulent brown substance is thrown down, 
 which, when dissolved in alcohol and evaporated, 
 yields the bitter principle, Berberin, which is an 
 excellent stomachic in the dose of 2, 5, or 10 
 grains. 
 
 The American Barberry, Ber'beris Canaden'- 
 
OXYESTHESIA 
 
 668 
 
 OXYNOSEMA 
 
 sis, Pipperidffe Bush, Sowhemj, differs slightly 
 from the European. It flourishes on mountains 
 and hilly districts from Canada to Virginia. 
 OXYJESTHESIA, Hj-perKsthesis. 
 OXYAPHE, Hyperaphia. 
 OXYAPHIA, Hyperaphia. 
 OXYBAPHION, see Acetabulum. 
 OXYBOL'IA, from o|«j, 'quick,' and /3oXr;, 
 'ejection.' Too rapid emission of sperm. 
 OXYGEDRE, Juniperus oxycedrus. 
 OXYCEPHA'LIA, ' Sugar-loaf head/ from 
 o|us, 'sharp,' and Kc^a\rj, 'head.' Monstrosity in 
 which the head is peaked like a sugar-loaf. 
 
 OXYCOCCOS, Vaccinium oxycoccos — o. Pa- 
 lustris, Vaccinium oxycoccos. 
 
 OX'YCRATE, Oxy era' turn, from ofuf, 'acid,' 
 and Kpuo), 'I mix;' Posea, Phusca. A mixture 
 of vinegar and water ; frequently used in medi- 
 cine as a refrigerant and antiseptic. 
 
 OXYCRO'CEUM EMPLASTRUM, from o^v;, 
 'acid,' und KpoKos, 'saffron.' A plaster, composed 
 of saffron, pj<c/t, colophony, yellow wax, turpen- 
 tine, galbanum, gum ammoniac, myrrh, olibanum, 
 and mastic. It was employed as a strengthening 
 plaster. 
 
 OXYCUM, Oxygen. 
 
 OXYD, Oxid, Oxide, Oxyde, Ox'ydum, Ox'- 
 idiim, (F.) Oxyde, Oxode, Oxure, from ofus, 'acid.' 
 A combination, not acid, of a simple body with 
 oxygen. 
 
 OxYD, Calculous, Oxyd, cystic — o. Vesical, 
 Oxyd, cystic. 
 
 Oxyd, Cystic, Cal'culous or Vea'ical oxyd. Cys- 
 tine, Nephrine, Scor' dosmine. A species of uri- 
 nary calculus, having the shape of confused, 
 yellowish, semi-transparent, insipid, very hard 
 crystals. When distilled, it furnishes subcar- 
 bonate of ammonia, like all nitrogenized mat- 
 ters. It dissolves in the nitric, sulphuric, phos- 
 phoric, and oxalic acids. 
 
 OXYDA'TION, Oxyda'tio, Oxida'tion, Oxy- 
 gena'tion. The action of oxydizing a body; that 
 is, of combining it with oxygen; a combination 
 from which results an oxyd. 
 OXYDE, Oxyd. 
 
 OXYDE D'ANTDIOTNE SULFURE, Oxy- 
 dum stibii sulphuratum — o. Gris ou noir de 31er- 
 cure, see Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum. 
 
 OXYDER'CIA, Oxydor'cia, Visus a'cies, from 
 ofuf, ' quick,' and iepKd), ' I see.' Sharpness of 
 vision. 
 
 OXYDER'CICUS, Oxyder'ces. A medicine 
 which sharpens the sight. 
 OXYDORCIA, Oxydercia. 
 OXYDUM, Oxid — o. Antimonii cum phosphate 
 calcis, Antimonial powder. 
 
 Oxydum Fekri Nigrum, Ferri ox'idum. ni- 
 grum., Black oxyd of iron. The scales, which fall 
 from iron, when heated, consist of iron, combined 
 with oxygen. They have been used like the cha- 
 lybeates in general. The Edinburgh Pharmaco- 
 poeia has a Ferri ox'idum nigrum, made by pre- 
 cipitating, by ammonia, a solution of the mixed 
 sulphates of protoxide and sesquioxide of iron. 
 An analogous preparation is in the Dublin Phar- 
 macopoeia, under the name Ferri ox'ydnm mag- 
 net'icnm, 3fagnetic oxide of iron, Ifar'tial Ethio-jys. 
 Oxydum Ferricum Crystallizatum Nati- 
 vuM, Haematites — o. Hydrargyri completum, Hy- 
 drargyri nitrico-o.xydum — o. Hydrargyricum, Hy- 
 drargyri nitrico-oxydum — o. Hydrargyricum prse- 
 paratum, Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum — o. Hy- 
 drargyrosum, Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum. 
 
 OxYDOM Stibii Sulphura'tum, Hepar anti- 
 mo'nii, Cro'cns metallo'rum seu antimo'nii, (F.) 
 Oxyde d'antimoine sulfure, Foie d' Antimoine. 
 This was formerly exhibited in the cure of fevers, 
 hut it is now rarely employed. 
 
 OXYDUM URICUM, Uric oxide. • 
 
 OXYECOIA, Hyperacusis. 
 
 OXYG'ALA, fromo^us, 'sour,' and ynXa, 'milk.' 
 Sour milk. The Oxygala equi'num, Caracos'mos, 
 is reckoned amongst the delicacies of the Tartars. 
 OXYG'ARON, from o|us, ' acid,' and yapov, 
 ' garum.' A composition of garum and vinegar. 
 OX'YGEN, Oxygen' ium, Empy'real, Pure, 
 Vital or DejMogis' ticated air, Oxyg"enes, Ox'- 
 yciim, Princip'ium oxyg"enans seu oxygenet'icum 
 seu acidificans seu ac"idum, Elemen' turn acidif- 
 icum, (F.) Oxyglne, Air du feu ; from ofwj, 'acid,' 
 and yEfi/au, 'I engender,' that is, generator of 
 acids ; and such it was believed to be, exclusively, 
 at the period when the name was given to it. 
 This is now known not to be the case. Oxygen 
 is largely distributed in nature. It exists in the 
 air, in water, in several acids, in all the oxyds, 
 and in vegetable and animal substances, Ac. 
 It is obtained by decomposing the peroxyd of 
 manganese or the chlorate of potassa by heat in 
 close vessels. Although oxygen, in the state of 
 admixture in which it is found in the atmosphere, 
 is of vital importance, it cannot be respired in a 
 pure state with impunity. Animals die in it long 
 before the whole of the oxygen is consumed. The 
 properties of oxj-gen seem to be stimulant. It 
 increases the force and velocity of the pulse, and 
 has, accordingly, been used in cases of chronic 
 debility, chlorosis, asthma, scrofula, dropsy, para- 
 lysis, (fee. It requires to be diluted with from 10 
 to 20 parts of atmospheric air; one to two quarts 
 being given during the day. 
 OXYGENATION, Oxydation. 
 OXYGENE, Oxygen. 
 
 OXYG^NESES. A name given by Baumes 
 to diseases which he attributed to disordered oxy- 
 genation. 
 
 OXYGEUSIA, Hypergeustia. 
 OXYG'LICUS, Oxyg'lices, from o^v;, 'acid,' 
 and y\vKVi, 'sweet;' lUulsa acida, Ace'tum mul- 
 sum dulce. Prepared by macerating and boiling 
 honey-comb (from which the greater part of the 
 honey has been taken) in water, and adding vine- 
 gar An Oxymel. 
 
 OXY- HYDRO -CARBURETUM EX OLEO 
 PYROXYLICO PARATUM, Creasote. 
 OXYLAPATHUM, Rumex acutus. 
 0X'YM¥1L, Apom'eli, Mel aceta'tum, (F.) Aci- 
 tomel, fromofuf, 'acid,' and //tXt, 'honey.' Honey 
 and vinegar boiled to a syrupy consistence. {3Iel, 
 despumat. Ibv, acid, acetic. ,^vij, aq. destillat. 
 f,^ viij. Add the acid to the water and mix thein 
 with the honey previously heated. — Ph. L.) It 
 is cooling; — externally detergent. 
 
 Oxymel ^ruginis, Linimentum iEruginis. 
 Oxymel Col'chici, 0. of meadow saffron, (F.) 
 Oxymel colchique. (Rad. colch. recent, in lami- 
 nas tenues sectm ^j, aceti destillati ft)j, mellis de- 
 spumat. pond. Ibij. Macerate in a gentle heat 
 for 48 hours. Press and boil the liquor with the 
 honey to the thickness of a syrup; stirring with 
 a wooden spoon. Ph. D.) It is expectorant and 
 diuretic. Dose, f ^j, in gruel. 
 
 OXYMEL OOLCHIQUE, 0. colchici — o. of 
 Meadow saffron, 0. colchici. 
 ■ Oxymel ScilLjE, 0. of squills, 0. Scillieit'ievm, 
 Mel scillcB. [3[ellis despumat. Oiss, aceti scillce, 
 Oij. Boil in a glass vessel over a gentle fire to a 
 proper consistence. Ph. U. S.) It is reputed to 
 be expectorant and diuretic. Dose, f^j to f ^ij. 
 Oxymel of Squill, 0. scillse. 
 OXYMYRRHINE, Ruscus. 
 OXYMYRSINE, Ruscus. 
 OXYNGIUM, Adeps suillus. 
 OXYNI'TRON, from ofu;, 'acid,' and virpov, 
 'nitre.' Name of a plaster, composed chiefly of 
 vinegar and nitre, and recommended by Aetius. 
 OXYNOSEMA, Acute disease. 
 
OXYNOSOS 
 
 669 
 
 PACHYDERMATOCELE 
 
 OXYNOSOS, Acute disease. 
 
 OXYNUSOS, Acute disease. 
 
 OXYO'PIA, Galero'jna, Hijperoii'sla, Snffu'sio 
 excla' rans, Acies visils, from ofuj, 'quick,' and 
 u)\p, ' sight.' Excessive acuteness of the sense of 
 sight. Instances have occurred vphere persons 
 could see the stars in the day time. The cause 
 is seated in great sensibility of the retina. The 
 term has been used synonymously with nycta- 
 lopia. 
 
 OXYOSPHRE'SIA, Oxyosphra'sia, from ofus, 
 'acute,' and oaifipriaii, 'smell. Excessive acuteness 
 of the sense of smell. 
 
 OXYPHLEGMA'SIA, o^vtpXey^iaoia, (ofu;, 
 'acute.' and tpXcyijiaata,) Acu'ta et ve'hemens in- 
 flamma'tin. A violent inflammation. 
 
 OXYPHCENICON, Tamarindus. 
 
 OXYPHO'NIA, Vox acu'ta; fromofuj, 'sharp,' 
 and (pijivn, 'voice;' Parapho'jiia clangens seu ul- 
 eero'sa, Clangor, Vox clango'sa, Leptophn'nia. 
 A shrill and squalling voice, — frequently, a 
 symptom of morbid affection of the larynx. 
 
 OXYPHYLLON, Oxalis acetosella. 
 
 OXYPODIA. see Kyllosis. 
 
 OXYPROTEIN, see Corium phlogisticum. 
 
 OXYREG'xMIA, Ructna ac"idus, from ofu?, 
 'sour,' and ^pevyu, 'I belch.' Acid eructation. 
 
 OXYR'IA RENIFORM'IS, Rumex dig"ynus, 
 Boreal sourdock, 3]ountain Sorrel, Wehh sorrel. 
 A plant, Ord. Polyganacese, Sex. Syst. Diandria 
 Digynia, which grows in the northern parts of 
 America and Europe; blossoming in the spring. 
 It possesses the same properties as Oxalis aceto- 
 sella. 
 
 OXYRRHOD'INON, Ace'tum rosa'tum, from 
 o^vs, 'acid,' and poiov, 'a rose.' A composition 
 of vinegar and roses. {01. rosat. ^ij, acet. rosat. 
 ,^j.) Used as a liniment in herpes and erysipelas. 
 
 OXYS, Acid, Acute — o. Alba, Oxalis aceto- 
 sella. 
 
 OXYSAC'CHARUM, from o|u?, 'acid,' and 
 <7aK)^apov, 'sugar.' A mixture of sugar and vine- 
 gar. It was called Oxysac'charum vomi'ti'vum, 
 when it held in solution the glass of antimony; 
 and Oxysac'charum scillit'icwn, when it contained 
 squills. 
 
 OXYSAL DIAPHORET'ICUM AN'GELI 
 SALjE. a preparation of Angelo Sala. Ace- 
 tate of potass exposed to the atmosphere; and 
 consequently fallen into a state of deliquium. — 
 Orfila. 
 
 OXYTARTARUS, Potassse acetas. 
 
 OXYTES, Acidities. 
 
 OXYTOCIA. Same etymon as the next. Ra- 
 pidity of parturition. 
 
 OXYTOCIC, Oxyt'ocus, from o|«s, 'quick,' and 
 TocTw, 'I bring forth.' A medicine which pro- 
 tnotes delivery. 
 
 OXYTRIPHYLLON, Oxalis acetosella. 
 
 OXYURE VERMWULAIRE, Ascaris ver- 
 micularis. 
 
 OXYURIS VERMICULARIS, Ascaris vermi- 
 eularis. 
 
 OYSTER GREEN, Ulva latissima — o. Root, 
 Tragopogon — o. Shells, Ostreee test^ — o. Pre- 
 pared, Testa pra?parata. 
 
 OZjE'NA, Coryza enton'ica seu prirnlen'ta seu 
 ozirno'sa seu ulcero'sa seu virnlen'ta seu molig'- 
 na, Pyorrhoe'a nasa'lis, Entozce'na, RJiini'tis ulce- 
 ro'sa, Ulcus na'rium foetens, from o^w, ' I smell 
 of something.' (F.) Ozene, Pu7\aisie. An affec- 
 tion of the pituitary membrane, which gives oc- 
 casion to a disagreeable odour similar to that of 
 a crushed bed-bug: hence the name Punaip, by 
 which the French designate one labouring under 
 ozaena. It is, sometimes, owing to caries of the 
 bones; but is, perhaps, most frequently depend- 
 ent upon syphilitic ulceration of the pituitary 
 membrane, with or without caries of the bones 
 of the nose. 
 
 Oz^NA Benigna, Coryza, chronic. 
 
 OZE, Breath, offensive. 
 
 OZEMUX, Albumen. 
 
 OZENE, Oza?na. 
 
 OZONE: same etymon as OzEena. The pow- 
 erfully odorous matter produced when a current 
 of ordinary electricity passes from pointed bodies 
 into the air. — Schonbein. It is presumed to be 
 a peculiar modification of oxygen ; and its vary- 
 ing quantity in the atmosphere is supposed to 
 affect the health of man. 
 
 Air containing ozone is said to be oz'onized. 
 
 P. 
 
 See Abbre- 
 viation. 
 
 P. A contraction of Pugillua. "] 
 
 P. M. A contraction of Partes 
 aquales. \ 
 
 P. P. A contraction of Pidvia I 
 patram. J 
 
 PAB'ULUM, TropM, Phorbe, AUmen'tum, Nu- 
 tn men' turn. Pood, aliment. The animal heat 
 and animal spirits — unmeaning terms — were for- 
 merly considered the Pabulum vitcB. 
 
 PACAY, Prosopis dulcis. 
 
 PACCHIO'NI, GLANDS OP, Pacchio'nian 
 Bodies, Olan'diilcB Dura Matris seu durcB Menin'- 
 gis, Tnher'cula pawn seu Oor'pora glandifor'mia 
 durce matris, (P.) Glandes de Pacchioni, Granula- 
 tions cerebrales. Small, whitish, or yellowish 
 bodies, sometimes separate, at others united like 
 a bunch of grapes, which are observed in several 
 parts of the dura and pia mater. They receive 
 v-essels, but apparently no nerves. Their texture 
 and uses are unknown. A considerable number 
 is observed in the longitudinal sinus, covered by 
 the internal membrane. 
 
 PACHJE'MIA, Pacliyce'mia, Pachcc'ma, Pa- 
 chyce'mn, from T^a'^iy^, ' thick,' and 'aijua, 'blood. 
 Too great thickness of the blood. 
 
 PACHEABLEPHARO'SIS, Pacheahleph'ara, 
 Pachybleph'aron, Pachyblepharo'sis, Pach'yfes, 
 from ■n-a'^vs, 'thick,' and (i\c<papov, 'an eyelid.' 
 A name given, by some authors, to a thickening 
 of the eyelids, produced by tubercles or excres- 
 cences formed on their margins. It is the same 
 affection as that which Sauvages designates Ca- 
 li'go ci, Pacheahlejiharo' si. 
 
 PACHETOS, see Laqueus. 
 
 PACHULOSIS, Pachylosis. 
 
 PACHYiEMIA, Pachaamia. 
 
 PACHYBLEPHARON, Pacheablepharosis. 
 
 PACIIYCHOL'IA, from Traxvg, 'thick,' and 
 XoXr), ' bile.' Morbid thickness of the bile. 
 
 PACHYDERMATOCE'LE, from ^axvs, 
 'thick,' Sspfia, ichpiaTog, 'skin,' and kii\ij, 'a tu- 
 mour. A disease of the dermoid tissue, apparently 
 congenital, which increases from a small mole or 
 
PACHYLOSIS 
 
 670 
 
 PAINT 
 
 spot, at times to the size and appearance of a re- 
 laxed and very emaciated mamma. — V. Mott. 
 
 PACHYLO'SISj-PacAuio'si's, from wa;;^!) J,' thick.' 
 An inordinate production of the epidermis depen- 
 dent upon hypertrophy of the papillae of the skin. 
 — E. Wilson. 
 
 PACHYNSIS, Polysarcia adiposa. 
 PACHYNTICA, Incrassantia. 
 PACHYSMUS, Polysarcia adiposa. 
 PACHYTES, Pacheablepharosis. 
 PACINIAN CORPUSCLES, see Corpuscles. 
 PACKING, OF THE HYDROPATHISTSj 
 Ernaillotage. 
 
 PACK WAX, see Nucha. 
 
 PAD, (S.) Pajado, from paja, 'straw' [?] ; Plu- 
 mace'olus, PulviVlus, Pulvin'ulus, Parvnm piil- 
 vi'nar ; — a cushion, a little cushion ; a, junk ; (F.) 
 Ooussiiiet. A small bag, filled with feathers, 
 wool, hair, bran, chaff, &c. It is used to com- 
 press or support parts. In the treatment of cer- 
 tain fractures, soft pads or cushions, called by 
 the French Remplissages, are placed between the 
 splints and the fractured limb, in order that the 
 prominent parts may not be chafed by the splints. 
 PADDIB, see Oryza. 
 PADDY, see Oryza. 
 PADNOON, Bit noben. 
 
 PAD'UA, MINERAL WATERS OF. Near 
 Padua, in Italy, there are several thermal sul- 
 phureous springs, the hottest of which is 188° 
 Fahr. The chief establishments are Abano, Bat- 
 taglia, and Montegrotto. 
 
 PAD US, Prunus padus — p. Avium, Prunus 
 padus— p. Lauro-cerasus, Prunus lauro-cerasus. 
 
 P^DAN'CHONE, from iraif, nado^ 'a child,' 
 and ayxtii, ' I strangle ;' Angi'na Sicca. Name 
 of a fatal species of cynanche, mentioned by M. 
 A. Severinus ; probably the Cynanche Trachealis, 
 or Cynanche Maligna. 
 
 PiEDARTHROCACB, Spina rentosa. 
 PiEDATROPH'IA, Atrophia infan'tilis, Ma- 
 ras'mua lactan'tium, from xai;, vaiSos, 'a. child,' 
 a, privative, and rpoipri, ' nourishment.' Atrophy 
 of children. Tabes mesenterica. 
 
 PiEDATROPHiA Glandulosa, Scrofula. 
 P^DERAS'TIA, Pmdogo'gium, Padica'tio, 
 Cinas'dia, from Ttatg, vatSos, 'a boy,' and tpwj, 
 'love.' The love of boys. A disgraceful passion, 
 common in ancient times, but now unknown. 
 These terms are likewise applied to the crime of 
 sodomy. 
 
 P^DEROTA VIRGINICA, Leptandra vir- 
 ginica. ^ 
 
 P^DENCEPHALIE, Hydrocephalus in- 
 ternus. 
 
 PjSlDI'A, Teaihia, Educa'tio infan'tmn. The 
 bringing up or education — physical as well as 
 moral — of children. 
 
 PjEDIATRI'A, Padiat'rica. Padiat'rics, from 
 nats, vaibos, 'a child,' and larpeia, 'medical man- 
 agement.' Treatment of the diseases of children.' 
 P^DIGATIO, Paederastia. 
 P^DIGTERUS, Icterus infantum. 
 P.E D B A R M ACROMETER, Baromacro- 
 meter. 
 
 P^DOGOGIUM, Paederastia. 
 PEDOMETER, Baromacrometer. 
 P^DON'OSUS, from wais, Trat^u?, 'a child,' 
 and vo(Tos, 'disease.' A disease of childhood. 
 
 P^DOPHLEBOTOM'IA, from Trai?, TraiSos, 'a 
 child,' <p\c'^, ' a vein,' and T0//17, ' incision.' VencB- 
 eec'tio puero'rum. Bleeding performed on chil- 
 dren. 
 
 P^DOT'RIBES, Min'ister Gymnaa'tw, from 
 iraii, TTatSos, ' a child,' and rpifiui, ' I train.' In 
 ancient gymnastics, the officer acquainted with 
 all the prescribed exercises, and who carried 
 them into effect, according to the direction of the 
 superior. 
 
 P^DOT'ROPHY, Pmlofroph'ia, (F.) Pedo- 
 trophic, from Tratg, nai&os, ' a child,' and Tpo<pr], 
 'nourishment.' The part of hygiene, which con- 
 cerns the nourishment of children. 
 P^ON, Physician. 
 
 P^O'NIA, P. officina'lis seu mas'cula sen ne- 
 mora'lia seu fem'ina seu loha'ta, Glycis'ide, Hcb- 
 mago'gum, Pe'ony, or Pi'ony, male and female. 
 (F.) Pivoine, Pione, Herhe Sainte-Rose. From 
 Ilaiuv, ' the god of physic' The root, flowers, 
 and seeds were long esteemed powerful medicines. 
 They are feebly astringent, and hav« been con- 
 sidered to be narcotic and antispasaaij^io. They 
 have been given, particularly, in i-jt^rmittents 
 and epilepsy, but are not now used. '/ j , flowers 
 are called Rosob henedie'tm, R. re'gi jt. 
 P^ONICE, Medicine. 
 P^ONICUS, Medical. 
 P^ONIUS, Medical. 
 PiEOSYNE, Medicine 
 
 PAGAPOPLEX'IA, from Traytiv, 'to nail fast,' 
 and anoTr\y!^ia, ' apoplexy.' Apoplexy from cold. 
 PAGOS, PeritonsBum. 
 PAIDIA, Infancy. 
 PAIDION, Infans. 
 PAIGIL, Primula veris. 
 
 PAIN, (old F.) painer, 'to torment;' Sax. 
 pman, ' to torture.' Dolor, Algos, Alge'ma, Al- 
 ge'do, Alge'sis, Od'yne, Ache, (Sc.) Hachse, 
 (Prov.) Crazy, Wark, (F.) Dotdeur. A disa- 
 greeable sensation, which scarcely admits of de- 
 finition. It is generally symptomatic, and is 
 called acute, (F.) aigue, when very violent, as a 
 twinge j' piungent, (F.) pongitive, when it resem- 
 bles that which would be produced by a sharp 
 instrument run into the part: heathy, (F.) grava- 
 tive, when attended with a sensation of weight,* 
 tensive, when the part seems distended: lan'cina- 
 ting, when occurring in shoots : lac" crating or 
 tearing, when the part seems to be tearing : burn- 
 ing, (P.) br&lante, when resembling that produced 
 by a burn, &c. 
 
 Pain, Sun, Hemicrania. 
 
 PAIN", see Triticum — ^. d Coucoii, Oxalis ace- 
 tosella — p. de 3Tadagascar, Jatropha manihot — 
 pi. de Poureeau, Cvclamen. 
 
 PAINS, AFTER, see P. labour. 
 Pains, Gnawing, Dolo'res roden'tes. Pains 
 resembling what might be produced by the gnaw- 
 ing of an animal. 
 
 Pains, Labour pains. Throes, Throws, Partu- 
 rien'tis dolo'res, Odin, Odis, Eolo'res ad partum, 
 Torm'ina parturien' tium, (F.) 3Ial d' Enfant, DoU' 
 lews. The uneasy sensations that accompany 
 labour, and are owing to uterine contraction. 
 The pains that precede actual delivery, and are 
 simply employed in dilating the os uteri, are 
 called grinding ; those which extrude the child, 
 forcing. Those which take place in the first 
 days after delivery, and are employed in forcing 
 away coagula, &c., are termed After pains, Eo- 
 lo'res seu Tormina post partum, D. puerpera'runif 
 (F.) Tranchies uterines. 
 
 "To take a pain," — "To try a pain," — is to 
 make an examination ^ert)a5'?"?if/?M, during labour, 
 to discover its progress, character, <fec. 
 
 The French term the pains, which precede and 
 announce labour, mouches ; those which accom- 
 pany it, doideurs ; and those which occur imme- 
 diately afterwards, tranchees ou coUques. 
 
 PAINT, (from pingere, pinctum, 'to paint,' (I.) 
 pinto, (F.) peint ;) Pigmen'tum, Fucus, (F.) Fard. 
 A name given to different substances, employed 
 for embellishing the complexion or rendering the 
 skin softer. The substances most commonly used 
 for this purpose are: — the Subnitrate of Bismuth, 
 (F.) Blanc de fard. A spirituous solution of 
 benzoin, precipitated by water, and forming Vir- 
 gin's milk, (F.) Lait virginal; the red or rouge 
 
PALAD 
 
 671 PALATO-PHARYNGIEN 
 
 of the carthamus ; Spanish loJiite ; the oxides of 
 lead, tin, and mercury, vermilion, red saunders, 
 &c. All paints may be said to be noxious. They 
 injure the skin ; obstruct perspiration ; and, thus, 
 frequently lay the foundation for cutaneous affec- 
 tions. See Cosmetic. 
 
 Paint, Indian, Hydrastis Canadensis, Sangui- 
 naria Canadensis — p. Yellow, Hydrastis Cana- 
 densis. 
 
 PALAD, Vertex. 
 
 PALiBSTRA, Gymnasium. 
 
 PALAIS, Palate. 
 
 PALAME. Palm. 
 
 PALATAL, Palatine. 
 
 PALATE, Pala'Uim, Hypero'a, Hypero'um, 
 Urnnis'coa, Roof of the mouth, Fossa Palati'na, 
 Palatum stah'ile. Hard Palate, (F.) Palais. The 
 upper part of the cavity of the mouth ; a kind of 
 parabolic vault, formed by the two superior max- 
 illary hones, and the two palate bones, covered 
 with a thick and dense mucous membrane : 
 bounded, before and at the sides, by the superior 
 dental arch ; and, behind, by the velum palati. 
 A whitish line runs along the middle, from be- 
 fore to behind ; at the anterior extremity of which 
 is a tubercle corresponding to the inferior orifice 
 of the anterior palatine canal. The arteries of 
 the palate and corresponding gums proceed from 
 the palatine, alveolar, infra-orbitar, labial, and 
 buccal branches. The veins follow a similar 
 course. The nerves are given off from the pala- 
 tine, facial, infra-orbitar, superior dental, and 
 from the naso-palatine ganglion. 
 
 Palate, Artific"ial, (F.) Obtitratewr du Pa- 
 lais. A plate of tortoise-shell, silver, &c., used 
 to close a deficiency of the palate. 
 
 Palate Bone, Os Pala'ti seu hnsila're, (F.) 
 Os PaJatin ou du Palais, is a small bone, of an 
 irregular shape, situate at the posterior part of 
 the nasal fossae and palate. It seems formed by 
 the union of two bony plates joined at right an- 
 gles to each other ; so that one is inferior and 
 horizontal; — the other, superior and vertical. 
 The horizontal or 'palatine portion. Arch of the 
 palate, is quadrilateral. Its upper surface forms 
 part of the nasal fossse ; the lower forms part of 
 the palatine arch, and contains the inferior orifice 
 of the posterior palatine canal. Its anterior edge 
 is articulated with the palatine process of the 
 superior maxillary bone ; the posterior is free 
 and sharp. It gives attachment to the velum 
 palati, and presents an eminence, which, when 
 joined with one on the opposite side, forms the 
 posterior nasal spine. Its inner edge is articu- 
 lated with the corresponding bone; its outer is 
 confounded with the vertical portion. The ver- 
 tical or ascending portion has the form of a long 
 square. The inner surface forms part of the 
 outer paries of the nasal fossae. Its outer sur- 
 face is unequal, and is articulated with the supe- 
 rior maxillary bone ; behind, it presents a verti- 
 cal groove, which forms part of the posterior 
 palatine canal; and, above, a small free surface, 
 which looks into the zygomatic fossa. Its ante- 
 rior edge is united with the superior maxillary 
 bone; the posterior is unequal, and rests on the 
 internal ala of the pterygoid process. The angle, 
 which it forms by uniting with the posterior edge 
 of the horizontal portion, presents a very promi- 
 nent pyramidal eminence, called the tuberosity of 
 the palate hone. Its upper margin is surmounted 
 by two eminences ; — the one, anterior, called the 
 orhitar process ; — the other posterior, the sphe- 
 noid process. These two processes are separated 
 by an almost circular notch, which the sphenoid 
 bone forms into a foramen, called the spheno- 
 palatine. 
 
 This bone appears to be developed from a sin- 
 gle point of ossification. It is articulated with 
 
 the sphenoid, ethmoid, the cornua sphenoidalia, 
 superior maxillary bone, the inferior spongy bone, 
 the vomer, and its fellow. 
 
 Palate, Cleft, see Harelip — p. Falling down 
 of the, Uvulitis — p. Fissured, see Harelip — p. 
 Hard, Palate — p. Soft, Velum pendulum palati. 
 
 PAL'ATINE, Pal'atal, Palati'nus, Pal'atic, 
 from palatum, 'the palate.' Relating or bel aig- 
 ing to the palate. 
 
 Palatine or Palatal Arteries are two in 
 number. They are distinguished into, 1. The 
 superior palatal or palatine, Palati'na descen'- 
 dens or P-il'ato-max'illary, which leaves the in- 
 ternal maxillary behind the top of the orbit; de- 
 scends into the pterygo-maxillary fissure, and 
 enters the posterior maxillary canal. Its branches 
 are distributed to the velum palati and the nasal 
 fossae!. 2. The inferior or ascending paZniMie or 
 palatal, which is very small, and separates from 
 the facial near its origin. It passes along the 
 lateral and superior part of the pharynx, between 
 the pillars of the velum palati, and divides into 
 a number of ramusculi, which are distributed to 
 the pharynx, the corresponding tonsil, the Eus- 
 tachian tube, and the velum palati. 
 
 Palatine Canals or Ducts. These are two 
 in number. The anterior, Pucttis incisi'vus seu 
 Nasa'lo-palati'nus, Inci'sive canal, is situate at 
 the anterior part of the palatine arch, and is 
 formed by the two superior maxillary bones. It 
 is single beneath, but opens above by two aper- 
 tures, one into each nasal fossa. The foramen is 
 called Fora'men incisi'vum seu Palati'nnm ante'- 
 rius seu Alveola're ante'rius seu cacum ossia 
 maxilla'ris superio'ris. The posterior palatine 
 canal is situate at the posterior part of the palate. 
 It is formed by the palate and superior maxillary 
 bones, ascends between these two bones, and, in 
 its course, gives rise to two or three small acces- 
 sory palatine canals, which open above the tuber- 
 osity of the palate bone. It transmits the nerves 
 and vessels which bear its name. The foramen 
 is called, F. Palati'nnm poste'rius seu Palato- 
 maxilla're seu alveola're poste'rius. 
 
 Palatine Membrane is the fibro-mucous mem- 
 brane that lines the palate or roof of the mouth. 
 
 Palatine or Palatal Nerves, Guttwo-pala- 
 tins (Ch.), are three in number: and arise from 
 the inferior part of the spheno-palatine ganglion. 
 1. The great palatine, Palatin inferieur (Ch.), 
 is situate anteriorly to the two others, and de- 
 scends into the posterior palatine canal ; gives a 
 nasal filament and a staphyline filament, and is 
 distributed on the palate. 2. The middle pala- 
 tine. Guttural (Ch.), which arises behind the pre- 
 ceding, enters one of the accessory palatine ca- 
 nals, and is distributed to the tonsils and velum 
 palati. 3. The little palatine nerve, situate still 
 more backward than the last, which loses itself 
 by several filaments in the uvula, tonsils, and fol- 
 licles of the palatine membrane. 
 
 PALATITE, Isthmitis. 
 
 PALATITIS, Uranisconitis. 
 
 PALATO-GLOSSUS, Glossostaphylinus. 
 
 PALAT0-PHARYNGEUS,/'Anr!/n>-8<rtjD%- 
 li'nus, StaphyW no-pharyngeiis, Thyro-p)haryn' go- 
 staphyli'nus, part of the Hypero-pharyngevs, (F.) 
 Palato-pharyngieu, Stylo-pharyngien (Ch.). A 
 membranous muscle, broader at its middle than 
 at its extremities, and situate vertically in the 
 lateral paries of the pharynx and velum palati. 
 It includes the peristaphylo-pharyngeus, pha- 
 ryngo-staphylinus, and thyro -staphylinus of 
 Winslow. When the two palato-pharyngei con- 
 tract together, they depress the velum. They 
 elevate and shorten the pharynx, and act princi- 
 pally in deglutition. 
 
 PAL A TO-PHAR YNGIEN, Palato-pharyn- 
 
PALATOSTAPHYLINI 
 
 672 
 
 PALMAR 
 
 geus — p. Salpingeus, Circumflexus — p. Salpin- 
 gien, Circumflexus. 
 
 PALATOSTAPHYLINI, see Azygos muscle. 
 
 PALATUM FISSUM, Hyperoochasma, see 
 Harelip — p. Mobile, Velum pendulum palati — p. 
 Molle, Velum pendulum palati — p. Pendulum, 
 Velum pendulum palati. 
 
 PALE, Pollen. 
 
 PALENESS, Pallor, Och'rotes, Ochro'mu, 
 Ochri'asia, Leuco'sis, Dealba'tio, Luror, (F.) 
 Pdleur. Whiteness of complexion. It appears 
 to be owing to a diminution or alteration of the 
 blood circulating in the capillary vessels, and is 
 often a sign of disease. 
 
 PALES GOULEURS, Chlorosis. 
 
 PALETTE (F.), Pal'mnla, Fer'ula. An in- 
 strument of percussion. It has the shape of a 
 spatula with a long handle ; is made of very light, 
 white wood, and has been proposed, by Mr. Percy, 
 for what is called the Ilassatje, a kind of pressure 
 or kneading, exerted by the hand on the body 
 and limbs, to excite the tone of the skin and sub- 
 jacent tissues. 
 
 Palette also means a cup for bleeding; and the 
 xiphoid cartilage [?]. 
 
 PALETTE A PANSEMENT. A small splint 
 of thin, scooped wood, having the shape of the 
 hand, and used to support the hand in certain 
 cases — when burnt, for example — in order to pre- 
 vent the fingers from being deformed by the cica- 
 
 PALETTE BE CABANIS. An instrument, 
 invented by Cabanis of Geneva to draw out the 
 extremity of the stylet when passed into the nose, 
 in the operation for fistula lacrymalis. It is 
 composed of two plates of silver, pierced with 
 several holes, and movable on each other. To 
 use it, the instrument must be carried into the 
 nose, so that the holes of the two plates corres- 
 pond. When the end of the stylet is received 
 into one of these holes, it is pinched, by sliding 
 one of the plates on the other, and is easily with- 
 drawn. 
 
 PALEUR, Paleness. 
 
 PALI PLAGUE, see Plague. 
 
 PALICOU'REA CROC'EA, PsycTio'tria 
 croc"ea, Order, Cinchonacese, a native of the 
 West Indies, is possessed, according to Von Mar- 
 tius, of emetic properties. 
 
 Palicourea Marcgraa'vii, -Erua do rata, Gal- 
 va'nia Vellozii, a native of Brazil, is poisonous, 
 and employed there to kill rats and mice. 
 
 Palicourea Opficina'lis, a native of Brazil, 
 is reputed to be a powerful diuretic in small 
 doses. 
 
 Palicourea Specio'sa, Goldshruh, a native of 
 New Granada and Brazil. The leaves are consi- 
 dered to be antisyphilitic. The decoction in large 
 doses is poisonous. 
 
 PALILLO, Campomanesia lineatifolia. 
 
 PALIMPISSA, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 PALINCOTESIS, Recrudescentia. 
 
 PALINDROME, Palindromia. 
 
 PALINDPtOM'IA, Palin' drome, from raXiv, 
 'again,' and ipoyio?, 'a course.' This word signi- 
 Bes, with some, a reflux of fluids from the exte- 
 rior towards the interior ; and, according to others, 
 the relapse of an afi'ection — the recurrence — Re- 
 cnr'sio, Repetit"io — of a paroxysm, or disease, — 
 Morbus recidi'vus, Jlforhi recur'sus. 
 
 PALINGENESIS, Regeneration. 
 
 PALLA, Pila. 
 
 PALLAT, Vertex. 
 
 PALLIA'TION, PalUa'tio, from palUare, pal- 
 l-iatum, 'to cover, mask;' from palliuvi, 'a man- 
 tle.' The act of palliating — that is, of causing 
 the symptoms of a disease to mitigate, without 
 
 curing it. The medical art can frequently only 
 moderate the symptoms of a disease, prevent it 
 from making progress, prolong the days of the 
 patient, and diminish his sufferings. This is 
 palUntive treritment, (F.) Traitement px^illiatif. 
 
 FAJj'LlATHVEjPalliati'vuSjAntipath'iCjEnan- 
 tiopath'ic, (F.) Palliatif. A remedy or mode of 
 treatment, which only relieves a disease, without 
 curing it. The palliative treatment — C'lira pal- 
 liati'va, is placed in antithesis to the radical, 
 Cnra radica'lis ; see Radical. 
 
 PALLIDULUS, Blafard. 
 
 PALLIDUS MORBUS, Chlorosis. 
 
 PALLOR, Paleness — p. Virginum, Chlorosis. 
 
 PALM, Palma, TiaXaiiri, Vola, V. manui, Plate' a, 
 Thenar, Ages, Ayos'tus, Poe'nlum, Pat'era, Su- 
 pellex sen Stipellee'tile Diog"eni8, (F.) Paume 
 ou Creux de la main. The liollow or inside of 
 the hand. It is limited, without, by the thenar 
 eminence, which answers to the thumb; within, 
 by the hypothenar eminence, which answers to 
 the little finger; above, by the wrist-joint; and, 
 helnw, by the four fingers. 
 
 Palm, Gomiito, see Toddy. 
 
 PALMA CHRISTI, Ricinus communis — p. 
 Cocos, Cocos nucifera — p. Dactylifera, Date tree 
 — p. Humilis, Musa paradisiaca — p. Indica vina- 
 ria secunda, see Toddy — p. Unguentariorum, My- 
 robalanus. 
 
 VAirSiM U'TERI PLICA'TiE, Arbor vita 
 uteri'nus, A. u'teri viv'ificans. The arborescent 
 striae in the interior of the cervix uteri. 
 
 PALMAIRE, Palmar — p. Cutane, Palmaris 
 brevis — p. Grand, Palmaris magnus — p. Grele, 
 Palmaris longus — p. Long, Palmaris longus. 
 
 PALMAR, Palma'ris, (F.) Palmnire, from 
 palma, 'the palm of the hand.'' That which 
 concerns the palm of the hand. The palm has, 
 sometimes, been divided into three regions, called 
 palmar. 1. The external palmar region corres- 
 ponds to the thenar eminence. 2. The internal 
 palmar region is formed by the hypothenar emi- 
 nence : and, 3. The middle palmar region is the 
 hollow of the hand, (F.) Creux de la main. 
 
 Paliiar Aponeuro'sis, Palmar fas'cia. A 
 strong triangular aponeurosis, which arises from 
 the inferior tendon of the palmaris brevis, and 
 the anterior annular ligament of the carpus. It 
 covers the whole palm of the hand, and adheres, 
 somewhat strongly, to the skin of the part. The 
 palmar ligaments are small, very numerous, 
 fibrous fasciae, which unite the different bones of 
 the carpus and metacarpus. 
 
 Palmar Arches, (F.) Arcades ou Crosses pal- 
 maires. The curved extremities of the radial and 
 cubital arteries in the palm of the hand. There 
 are two palmar arches: — the one, cubital or su- 
 perficial, — grande Arcade palmaire of Chaussier, 
 furnishes, at its convexity towards the fingers, 
 the collateral arteries of the fingers, and the in- 
 ternal collateral of the thumb; the other, the 
 radial, profound, or deep-seated, — petite Arcade 
 palmaire of Chaussier, is deep in the palm of the 
 hand beneath the tendons of the flexor muscles 
 of the fingers. It gives some small branches 
 only to the surrounding parts. The palmar veins 
 accompany the corresponding arteries. 
 
 Palmar Arteiiies, see Palmar arches — p. 
 Fascia, P. aponeurosis. 
 
 Palmar Muscles. These are three in num- 
 ber. 1. Palma'ris Magnus, Flexor carpi radia'lis, 
 Radia'lis intern'us, (F.) Epitrochlo-mStacarpien 
 (Ch.), Palmaire grand, Radial anterieur. A long 
 fusiform muscle, which passes obliquely from the 
 inner tuberosity of the humerus to the upper ex- 
 tremity of the second metacarpal bone. It bends 
 the hand. 2. Palmaris longus, Latescen'tis chorda, 
 Ulna'ris grac"ilis, (F.) £pitrochlo- carpi -pal- 
 
PALMARIS BREVIS 
 
 673 
 
 PAMPINIFORM PLEXUS 
 
 maire (Ch.), Pcdmaire long, P. grele. This muscle 
 is situate on the inner side of the last. It is very 
 slender, and passes from the inner tuberosity of 
 the humerus to the anterior annular ligament of 
 the carpus, and to the palmar aponeurosis, which 
 it seems to form by the vanishing of its fibres. It 
 stretches the palmar aponeurosis, and bends the 
 hand. 3. Palmaria Brevis, Caro quadra'ta, Car- 
 ^yia'uB, (F.) Palmaire cntane. A small, thin, 
 quadrilateral muscle ; situate before the thenar 
 eminence. It passes from the annular ligament 
 of the carpus to the integuments of the palm of 
 the hand, which it wrinkles by its contraction. 
 Palmar Veins, see Palmar arches. 
 PALMARIS BREVIS, see Palmar muscles — 
 p. Longus, see Palmar muscles — p. Magnus, see 
 Palmar muscles. 
 
 PALMETTO, SAW, Chamserops serratula. 
 PALMI-PHALANGIENS, Lumbricales ma- 
 nus. 
 
 PALMISTRY, Chiromancy. 
 PALMOSCOP'IA, from -raXuoi, 'palpitation,' 
 and aKOTTtio, 'I view.' Investigation of the beat- 
 ing of the heart and pulse. Prognosis from the 
 beating of the heart and pulse. 
 PALMULA, Date, Palette. 
 PALMUS, Palpitation — p. Cordis, Palpitation 
 — p. Plumbarius, Colic, metallic — p. Vomitus, 
 Vomiting. 
 
 PALO DE CALENTURAS, Calenturas— p. de 
 Vacca, Galactodendron utile — p. de Velas, Par- 
 mentiera cerifera. 
 
 PAL02IMIER, Gaultheria. 
 PALOS DE CALENTURA, Cinchona. 
 PALPA'TION, from palpare, palpatim, (F.) 
 palper, 'to feel.' The sense of touch. It is also 
 used for the mode of exploring diseases by feeling 
 or pressing upon the diseased organ. A delicate 
 and discriminating touch — tactus erudi'tiis — is 
 important in the diagnoses of many morbid con- 
 ditions. 
 
 PAL'PEBRA, supposed to be from palpitare, 
 'to palpitate,' owing to its frequent motion. [?] 
 Bleph'aron, Oper'culum seu Cooper' culum oc'uH, 
 Eyelid, (Prov.) Eye-hreek, (Sc.) Ee-ivinker, (F.) 
 Paupiere. The eyelids are two movable vela, 
 situate in front of the eye; which by their sepa- 
 ration permit the organ to receive the impression 
 of light, or by their greater or less occlusion pro- 
 tect it from the influence of too great light, or 
 from the action of extraneous bodies. They are 
 separated, above, from the forehead, by the. eye- 
 brows ; and, below, are confounded with the 
 cheeks. They are distinguished into tipper, Pal- 
 pebra major seu svperior, Epicne'lis — and lower, 
 Palpehra minor seu inferior, Hypocoe'Us, Hypo- 
 coe'lum, Bypoc' ylnm. The former is much broader 
 and more movable than the latter. They are 
 separated by a transverse cleft — Fissu'ra pnlpe- 
 hra'rum — and their edges are thick, and furnished 
 with the cilia or eyelashes. Supported by the 
 tarsal cartilages, they unite at the extremities of 
 the transverse diameter of the orbit, forming two 
 angles, the innermost being called the greater 
 angle of the eye, or inner or greater canthus ; the 
 other, the lesser, or external angle or canthus. 
 They are formed, 1. Of a thin dermoid texture : 
 2. Of a muscular membrane, — a portion of the 
 orbicularis : 3. Of a particular fibrous membrane : 
 4. Of the tarsi: 5. Of a mucous membrane, — a 
 part of the tunica conjunctiva. 
 
 Their vessels and nerves are called Palpebral. 
 Palpebra Inferior Extrorscm Flexa, Ec- 
 tropion — p. Tertia, Valvula semilunaris. 
 
 PALPEBRiB SUPBRIORIS PRIMUS, Le- 
 vator palpobras superioris. 
 
 PAL'PEBRAL, Palpehra'lis, from palpehra, 
 'the eyelid.' That which belongs or relates to 
 the eyelid. 
 43 
 
 Palpebral Arteries are those distributed to 
 the eyelids. They are two in number; an upper 
 and a lower. The former arises from the oph- 
 thalmic, a little beyond the cartilaginous pulley 
 of the greater oblique muscle, and descends to- 
 wards the upper eyelid, over which it is distri- 
 buted. The latter arises at the side of, and a 
 little behind, the preceding, and sends its rami- 
 fications to the lower eyelid and the neighbouring 
 parts. The palpebral veins have a similar ar- 
 rangement ; except that some of them open into 
 the temporal and labial veins. 
 
 Palpebral Flux, Puriform. A puriform 
 discharge, furnished by the glands of Meibomi- 
 us, when inflamed; and to which Scarpa attri- 
 butes fistula lacrymalis, in many cases. 
 
 Palpebral Ligaments are distinguished into 
 superior and inferior. Some anatomists, with 
 Winslow, have described, under this name, the 
 fibrous layer which is attached, — on the one 
 hand, to the outer part of the circumference of 
 the orbit; on the other, to the tarsal cartilage? 
 
 Palpebral Nerves, Nerves of the eyelids, 
 arise, particularly, from the frontal and lachry- 
 mal branches; from the ophthalmic nerve of 
 Willis ; and from the facial, nasal, and infra-or- 
 bitar branch of the superior maxillary nerve. 
 PALPEBRALIS, Orbicularis palpebrarum. 
 PALPEBRARUM APERIENS RECTUS, 
 Levator palpebrae superioris — p. Duo musciili, 
 Orbiculares palpebrarum. 
 PALPEBRATIO, Nictation. 
 PALPITATIO, Palpitation — p. Arteriarum, 
 see Palpitation — p. Cordis trepidans, Cardio- 
 tromus. 
 
 Palpitatio Mejibrc'rum. A term used by 
 Gaubius for involuntary shaking of the legs. 
 
 PALPITA'TION, Palpita'tio, Palmns, P. seu 
 Tremor Cordis, Palpita'tio seu Pnha'tio Cordis, 
 Vihra'tio Cardi'aca seu Cordis, Cardiogmus, Car- 
 diopal'mns, Suhsul'tio, Clonus Palpita'tio, (Sc.) 
 Diint, Dount, (F.) Palpitation, P. du Coeiir, fronu 
 palpitare, palpitatitm, ' to throb.' A name given 
 to the pulsations of the heart, when they become 
 stronger, more extensive, or more sensible to the 
 individual than ordinarily. Palpitations occur in 
 a number of afl^eetions. They are, sometimes, 
 owing to organic diseases of the heart — hypertro- 
 phy, inflammation, <fec, ; at others, to a disease 
 in some other viscus ; whilst, frequently, they 
 are merely nervous. 
 
 Palpitation is sometimes felt in the arteries, 
 constituting Palpitatio Arterio'sn. 
 PALPITATION DU CCEUR, Palpitation. 
 PALSIED, Paralytic. 
 
 PALSY, Paralysis— p. Bell's, Paralysis, Bell's 
 — '■ p. Histrionic, Paralysis, Bell's. 
 
 Palst, JjEKV), Paral'ysis saturni'na seu metal' 
 lica, 3folyhdopa'reais, (P.) Paralysie saturnine, 
 Illetal'lic Palsy, Painters' Palsy. The paralysis 
 of the upper extremities especially, induced by 
 the poison of lead. Palsy of the intestines, thus 
 induced, is called, by Piorry, Anenteronervie 
 saturnine. 
 
 Palsy, Metallic, see Palsy, lead — p. Paint 
 ers', P. lead — p. Shaking, Paralysis agitans — p. 
 Trembling, Paralysis agitans. 
 Palsy Wort, Primula veris. 
 PALTA, Persea gatissima. 
 PALUDAL, Elodes. 
 PALUDAPIUM, Apium graveolens. 
 PALUDEEN, Elodes. 
 PALUDOSUS, Elodes. 
 
 PALUS, Marsh, Penis — p. Sanctus, Guaiacum, 
 PALUSTRE, Elodes. 
 PAMBIOMA, Panbioma. 
 PAMOISON, Svncope. 
 PAMPINIFORM PLEXUS, Corpus pampini- 
 forme. 
 
PAMPINIFORME CORPUS 674 
 
 PANDEMIC 
 
 PAMPINIFORME CORPUS, see Corpus pam- 
 piniforme. 
 
 PAMPLE'GIA, Panplegia, from rrav, 'all,' 
 and TrXiyyo), 'I strike.' General paralysis. Palsy 
 of the whole body. 
 
 PANACE'A, navaKFia, CatJiol'icon, Cathol'icum, 
 from TTav, 'all,' and aKtv/xai, 'I cure.' Universa'le 
 reme'dium, Panchres'tos. A pretended universal 
 remedy. There is no such thing in existence. 
 
 Panacea Ducis Holsati^, Potassee sulphas 
 — p. Duplicata, Potass* sulphas — p. Lapsorum, 
 Arnica montana — p. Mercurialis, Hydrargyri 
 submurias — p. Mercurii rubri, Hydrargyri ni- 
 trico-oxidum — p. Pectoris, Glechoma hederacea 
 ■ — p. Vegetabilis, Crocus. 
 
 PANACEE ANGLATSE, Magnesice carbonas. 
 
 PANA'DA, diminutive of Ital. pane, 'bread,' 
 
 (Lat. ^jfinis,) Pana'ta, Panatel'la. Bread, boiled 
 
 in water to the consistence of pap. Sometimes 
 
 administered to the sick. 
 
 Simple Bread Panada may be made by put- 
 ting any quantity of grated stale bread into 
 enough water to form a moderately thick pulp ; 
 covering it up, and leaving it to soak for an 
 hour ; then beating it up with two tablespoonfuls 
 of milk, and a small portion of refined sugar, and 
 boiling the whole for ten minutes, stirring all the 
 time. 
 
 PANAIS, Pastinaca sativa. 
 PANARIS, Paronychia. 
 PANARITIUM, Paronychia. 
 PANARIUM, Paronychia. 
 PANATA, Panada. 
 PANATELLA, Panada. 
 
 PANAX, see Panax quinquefolium — p. Costi- 
 nura, Pastinaca opoponax — p. Heracleum, Pasti- 
 naca opoponax — p. Pastinacea, Pastinaca opo- 
 ponax. 
 
 Panax Quinquefo'lium, Aurelia'na seu Ara'- 
 lia Oanaden'sis, Ginseng, Ninsing, Gensang, Red- 
 herry, Five fingers. Same etymon as Panacea. 
 Family, Araliaceas. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Mo- 
 noecia. This plant grows in North America. 
 The root — Panax (Ph. U. S.) — Radix ginseng — is 
 about the thickness of the little finger; an inch 
 or two in length, often dividing into two branches ; 
 of a whitish-yellow colour; wrinkled on the sur- 
 face, and of a compact, almost horny, texture. 
 It has no smell, but a very sweet taste, combined 
 with a slight degree of aromatic bitterness. It 
 is much esteemed by the Chinese, who pay a 
 high price for it. It is a gentle and agreeable 
 stimulan t. 
 
 Panax Schinseng, Asiat'ic Ginseng, a native 
 of Asia, has been usually confounded with the 
 last. The root, radix ninsi, has like virtues. 
 
 PANBIO'MA, Pambio'ma, from nav, 'all,' and 
 ^105, ' life.' The original animating principle. 
 The general principle of life. 
 PANCHRESTOS, Panacea. 
 PANCHYMAGO'GUM, Pantagn'gnn, from ttov, 
 'all,' ■)(yiioi, 'juice,' and ayoi, ' I drive away.' A 
 medicine which the ancients believed capable of 
 purging away all sorts of humours. 
 
 Panchymagogum Minebale, Hydrargyri sub- 
 murias. 
 
 PANCCENOSUS, Pandemic. 
 PANCCENUS (MORBUS), Pandemic. 
 PANCRATIUM, Pancreas. 
 PAN'CRBAS, from nav, 'all,' and Kpta?, 'flesh ;' 
 i. e. ' quite fleshy.' Callic'reas, Panera'tixtm, 
 Pan'creum, Lactes, Pidvi'nar ventri'culi, Tntum 
 carno'sum, Gland'ida saliva'lis abdom'inis, Pan- 
 cre'ne. Sweetbread. A gland, deeply seated in 
 the abdomen, and lying transversely on the ver- 
 tebral column, between the three curvatures of 
 the duodenum, behind the stomach, and to the 
 right of the spleen. Its left extremity is called 
 tbn tail of the pancreas; it is smaller than the 
 
 right, which is called the head. At its right por- 
 tion, it has, almost always, a greater or less pro- 
 longation ; called, by Winslow, and some others, 
 the lesser pancreas, (F.) Petit pancreas, Pancreas 
 of Aselli, Pancreas minus. The pancreas resem- 
 bles the salivary glands in structure, and has 
 been called the Abdominal Salivary Gland. It is 
 composed of lobes and granulated lobules, dis- 
 tinct, and united by areolar tissue. From each 
 of the granulations of these lobes arise the radi- 
 cles of its excretory duct, which are very delicate, 
 and united like veins. The duct itself. Ductus 
 Pancreat'icus seu Wirstnigia'niis, Pancreat'ic 
 duct. Canal or Duct of Wirsung or Wirsungs, (F.) 
 Canal pancreatiqne, proceeds in a serpentine 
 course through the substance of the organ ; and 
 when it has reached behind the second portion 
 of the duodenum, it becomes free, and is of the 
 size of a crow's quill. It opens at an acute angle 
 into the choledoch duct, or proceeds close to it, 
 opening separately into the duodenum. The 
 Pancreatic arteries are very numerous aud small. 
 They proceed from the coeliac, splenic, superior 
 mesenteric, right gastro-epiploic, coronaria ven- 
 triculi, and left capsular. Its veins open into 
 the radicles of the vena porta; and, particularly, 
 into the splenic and lesser mesenteric. Its nerves 
 emanate from the solar plexus, and its lympha- 
 tics pass into ganglions, to which it gives its 
 name. The pancreas secretes the Pancreatic 
 juice, Succus seu Liquor Pancreat'icus, Lympha 
 Pancrea'tis, (F.) Sua pancreatiqne, which re- 
 sembles the saliva. When this juice is mixed 
 with amylaceous matters, it converts them into 
 dextrin and glucose. Its great use appears, how- 
 ever, to be, to emulsify fatty matters by virtue of 
 a peculiar albuminoid principle — pancreatin — 
 coagulable by heat or alcohol,which it contains. 
 Pancreas of Aselli, see Pancreas — p. Mi- 
 nus, see Pancreas — p. Petit, see Pancreas — p. 
 Second, Brunner's glands. 
 
 PANCREATAL'GIA, from pancreas, and 
 aXyog, ' pain.' Pain or disease of the pancreas. 
 
 PANCREATEMPHRAX'IS, from pancreas, 
 and eiKiipacaia, 'I obstruct.' Obstruction of the 
 pancreas. 
 
 PANCREAT'IC, Pancreat'icus, (F.) Pancria- 
 tique. Same etymon as Pancreas. Relating to 
 or affecting the pancreas. 
 
 Pancreatic Arteries, see Pancreas — p. Duct, 
 see Pancreas — p. Juice, see Pancreas — p. Nerves, 
 see Pancreas — p. Veins, see Pancreas. 
 
 Pancreat'ic Sarco'ma of Ab'ernetht, Em- 
 phy'ma sarco'ma pancreat'icum. A tumour, in 
 irregular masses, connected by loose fibrous sub- 
 stance, like the irregular masses of the pancreas. 
 Found in the areolar substance; but, more usu- 
 ally, in lymphatic glands, chiefly in the female 
 breast. 
 
 PANCREATIN, see Pancreas. 
 PANCREATI'TIS, Infiamma'tio pancrea'tis, 
 (F.) Inflammation du Pancreas, from j^ancreas, 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
 of the pancreas; — an affection, the phenomena 
 of which are not well known. 
 
 PAN'CREATOID, from pancreas, and siiof, 
 ' appearance.' PancreatoV des. A tumour re- 
 sembling the pancreas in structure. 
 
 PANCREATON'CUS, from paiicreas, and 
 oyKog, 'a swelling.' Tumour of the pancreas. 
 PANCRENE, Pancreas. 
 PANCREUM, Pancreas. 
 
 PANDA'LEA, Panda'leum. A kind of lozenge 
 used by the Arabian physicians. 
 PANDALEUM, Pandalea. 
 PANDALITIUM, Paronychia. 
 PANDEMIA, Pandemic. 
 
 PANDEM'IC, Pan'demy, Pande'mia, Morbua 
 Pande'mius seu Pande'mus seu Pancce'nus, Pan' 
 
PANDllMIE 
 
 675 
 
 PAPAVER 
 
 coeno'sus, (F.) Pandeniie ; from irnv, 'all,' and 
 i)7f<oy, ' people.' An epidemic which attacks the 
 whole, or a great part, of the populatien. 
 
 PANDEMIE, Pandemic. 
 
 PANDEMY', Pandemic. 
 
 PANDICULA'TION, Pandhuln'tio, Scordine'- 
 ma, Scordinis'mus, Clonus Pandicala'tio, from 
 ■pnndicalari, (pandere, 'to stretch out,') 'to 
 stretch as one awaking from sleep.' Stretching, 
 Hal'ices, (pi.) An action, which consists in ele- 
 vating the upper limbs, and throwing the head 
 and trunk backwards, at the same time that the 
 lower limbs are extended. This series of motions 
 of the extensor muscles is in some measure in- 
 dependent of the will, and is accompanied with 
 yawning, which is equally involuntary. In the 
 state of health, stretching occurs before and after 
 sleep ; especially when we are fatigued. It is 
 also observed at the onset of certain paroxysms 
 of fever, hysteria, &c. 
 
 PANDOCE'UM, Pandochi'iim, Pandoci'um, 
 from TTav, ' all,' and h^ofiai, ' to receive.' An inn 
 that receives all classes. A general hospital, or 
 one that admits all cases. 
 
 PANDOCHIUM, Pandoceum. 
 
 PANDOCIUM, Pandoceum. 
 
 PANHIDRO'SIS, from irav, 'all,' and 'i^pcotrif, 
 sweating.' Sudor universa'lis. Sweating over 
 the whole body. 
 
 PANHYPEREMIA, Plethora. 
 
 PANIC D'lTALIE, Panicum Italicum. 
 
 PANICAUT, Eryngium campestre — p. Mari- 
 time, Brynsjium maritimum. 
 
 PANIC GRASS, ITALIAN, Panicum Italicum. 
 
 PANICUM DACTYLON, Cynodon dactylon. 
 
 Pan'icum Ital'icitm, from panis," bread,' Ital'- 
 ian Panic Grass, Indian 3[iUet, Guinea Corn, 
 Parba'does Millet, Ifil'ium In'dioum, Sorghum, 
 HolcHS Sorghum, (P.) Millet des oisenux ou & 
 grappes, Panic d'ltalie. Nat. Ord. Graminea. 
 The seed — Mil'ii Sem'ina — are much esteemed in 
 Italy, being a constant ingredient in soups, and 
 made into a variety of forms for the table. 
 
 Panicum Milia'ceum, P. mil'ium, Common Mil- 
 let, Milium, M. Pan'icum seu Esculent' nm, Cen- 
 chroH, Cenchrus, (F.) illllot ordinaire. Mil. Mil- 
 let-seed are esteemed a nutritious article of diet, 
 and are often made into puddings. 
 
 Panicum Milium, P. railiaceum. 
 
 PANIS CANICACEUS, see Canicse— p. Ciba- 
 rius seu seeundarius, Syncomistos — p. Cuculi, 
 Oxalis acetosella — p. Porcinus, Cyclamen. 
 
 PANIV'ORODS, Paniv'orus, from panis, 
 'bread,' and voro, 'I devour.' Subsisting on 
 bread. 
 
 PANNI, Swathing clothes. 
 
 PANNICLE, Membrane. 
 
 PANNICULE CHARNU, Panniculus car- 
 nosus. 
 
 PANNICULUS, diminutive of pannus, cloth. 
 A piece of fine cloth. Pterygion. 
 
 Panniculus Adiposus, Cellular membrane. 
 
 Panniculus Carno'sus, Tu'nica car7io'sa, Mus- 
 cular Web, Blantle, (F.) Pannictde charnue, is a 
 general covering found in the quadruped, and 
 formed by a thin, subcutaneous muscle, which 
 serves to move the skin. It exists only in cer- 
 tain parts of the human body, — as in the fore- 
 head, where it is formed by the occipito-frontalis ; 
 in the neck, by the platysma myoides; and, in 
 the scrotum, by the cremaster muscle. 
 
 Panniculus Cordis, Pericardium — p. Hyme- 
 nasus, Hymen — p. Virginalis, Hymen. 
 
 PANNIKELL, Cranium. 
 
 PANNUS. A piece of cloth. This word has 
 several other meanings, many of which are equi- 
 vocal. It means a tent for a wound, and, also, 
 an irregular naevus or mark on the skin. — Cas- 
 telli. Modern ophthalmologists apply it to an 
 
 opake and vascular condition of the anterior 
 membrane of the cornea, almost invariably pro- 
 duced by the continuance of purulent or strumous 
 ophthalmia, or by chronic inflammation of the 
 cornea. This part becomes nebulous, covered 
 with red vessels, and opake. At times, the scle- 
 rotic conjunctiva undergoes a similar change to 
 that which occurs in the corneal portion. 
 
 Pannus Hepaticus, Chloasma — p. Lenticula- 
 ris, Ephelides. 
 
 PANOCHIA, Bubo. 
 
 PANOPHO'BIA, Pantopho'bia, Panpho'bia, 
 Pavopho'bia, Athj/m'ia, Pavor, {¥.) Fraijeur noc- 
 turne, Souci; from Uav, ' the god Pan,' and ^o/Jof, 
 'fear ;' a panic or fear inspired by the god Pan, 
 according to the opinion of the ancients. Others 
 derive it, and with more probability, from irav, 
 'all,' and (polSos, 'fear.' This universal and 
 groundless fear is morbid, and is a symptom of 
 melancholy. 
 
 PANOPHTHALMI'TIS, from ,rav, 'all,' and 
 ophthalmitis, 'inflammation of the eye.' Inflam- 
 mation of the whole eye. 
 
 PANPHOBIA, Panophobia. 
 
 PANPLEGIA, Pamplegia. 
 
 PANSCLERO'SIS, from T,av, 'all,' and o-a?- 
 puffif, 'hardness.' Complete induration of a part. 
 
 PANSE, Ingluvies. 
 
 PANSEMENT, Dressing. 
 
 PANSIES. Viola tricolor. 
 
 PANSPER'MIA, from rrav, 'all,' and avepiia, 
 'sperm.' The theory of Dissemination of Germs, 
 according to which, ova or germs are disseminated 
 over all space, undergoing development under 
 favourable circumstances. 
 
 PANSY, Viola tricolor. 
 
 PANTAGOGON, Panchymagogum. 
 
 PANTANANCEPHA'LIA, from -av, Ttavrog, 
 'all,' and anencepha'lia, absence of brain. En- 
 tire absence of brain — the same as anencephalia. 
 — L G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 PANTATROPH'IA, fromrai/, Trairof, ' all,' and 
 aTpo(pia, ' atrophy.' Universal atrophy. 
 
 PANTHOD'IC, Panthod'icus, from -nav, ttovto;, 
 'all,' and 'oiog, 'a way.' An epithet applied by 
 Dr. Marshall Hall, to a course of nervous action 
 proceeding from one point in all directions to 
 every other. 
 
 PANTICES, Intestine. 
 
 PANTING, Anhelatio. 
 
 PANTOGANGLIITIS, Cholera. 
 
 PANTOPHAGISTS, see Omnivorous. 
 
 PANTOPHAGUS, Omnivorous. 
 
 PANTOPHOBIA, Hydrophobia, Panophobia. 
 
 PANTOZOOTIA, Panzootia. 
 
 PANUS, Phygethlon — p. Faucium, Stomato- 
 panus— p. Inguinalis, Bubo. 
 
 PANZOOT'IA, Pantozootia ; from uav, 'all,' 
 and ^0)01', ' animal.' An endemic or epidemic 
 disease affecting animals generally. 
 
 PAP, Mamma, Nipple. Also, a soft food made 
 of bread boiled or softened with water, (Se.) 
 Breadberry . 
 
 Pap of the Hass, Uvula — p. of the Throat, 
 Uvula. 
 
 PAPAS AMERICANUS, Solanum tuberosum. 
 
 PAPA'VER, P. somniferum, 3fecon, Lethe'a. 
 The White Popprj, Papaver sati'vum, (F.) Pavot 
 des Jardins. Ord. Papaveraceaj. Sex. Si/s(. Po- 
 lyandria Monogynia. The Capsule of the 
 White Poppy, Co'dia, KaSta or Ku)&£ia, Sca'phion, 
 Papav'eris Caput seu Cap'sula, Papaver, (Ph. 
 U. S.,) Mecon, Poppyhead, is used in fomentation 
 as an anodyne and relaxant, to infl^jjed or ulce- 
 rated parts. The expressed oil of the seeds is 
 called by the French Buile d'CEillett-'. It is from 
 the poppy that Opium— called, also, Orinm The- 
 ba'icum, Meco'nium, Opion, Manut £)ei, Jjfion 
 Affium, Amphiam, Afium, Osoron L<f4 daniim, 
 
PAPAVERACEUM 
 
 676 
 
 PAPPEA CAPENSIS 
 
 Mecon, Sopio, (Prov.) Poppy pill, (F.) Opium brut 
 ou cm — is procured. It is the milky juice ob- 
 tained after the flowering of the plant, by making 
 longitudinal incisions in the capsules and stalks. 
 It is commonly obtained from the Levant or 
 India, where the poppy grows abundantly. Opium 
 is a compound of morphia, narcotina, meconie 
 acid, codeia, narcein, meconin, caoutchouc, fecula, 
 resin, oil, and several other substances. Turkey 
 Opium is of a heavy and slightly fetid colour. 
 Its taste is nauseous, bitter, acrid, and warm : it 
 is in flat pieces; solid and tenacious; of a dark 
 brown colour, and yellowish when powdered ; 
 making a light brown, interrupted streak on 
 paper. In East India Opium, the odour is the 
 same, and empyreumatic ; the taste is less bitter, 
 but more nauseous, and the colour darker. The 
 varieties of opium known in commerce are the 
 Smyrna, the Constantinople, the Egyptian, the 
 Persian, and the Indian. Opium is stimulant in 
 small doses; sedative, in large; narcotic and ano- 
 dyne; operating through the nervous system. It 
 is a most valuable remedy in all painful affec- 
 tions, and inflammations, when given so as to 
 produce its full, sedative effects, especially in pe- 
 ritonitis. In diarrhoea and dysentery, it acts as an 
 astringent; and in intermittents, it will often pro- 
 vent the paroxysm. In typhus, in small doses, 
 it acts as a cordial ; in larger, it allays irritation 
 and produces sleep. When applied externally, 
 its narcotic effects are developed: and, hence, it 
 Is a useful application to irritable sores, painful 
 tumours, &o. Dose. gr. :J to J as a stimulant; gr. 
 j to iv as a sedative. 
 
 Papaver Cereale, p. rhoeas — p. Cornicula- 
 tum, Chelidonium majus — p. Erraticum, P. rhoeas 
 — p. Luteum, Chelidonium majus. 
 
 Papaver Nigrum. This is merely a variety 
 of the white poppy, producing black seeds. 
 
 Papaver Rhgeas. The systematic and phar- 
 macopoeial name of the Ped corn-jyopj^y, Corn 
 rose, Papaver errat'icum seu cerea'le seu rubrum, 
 Copper rose, Red-mailkes, (F.) Coquelicot. The 
 heads of this species contain a milky juice of a 
 narcotic quality. A syrup. Si/r'npus Rhoe'ados, 
 of its flowers— ^AcBfis (Ph. L. and E.) — has been 
 directed, which has been esteemed diaphoretic 
 and slightly soothing; but is more admired for 
 its colour than for any other property. 
 PAPAVERACEUM, Opiate. 
 PAPAVERCULUM, Meconium. 
 PAPAVERINE, Po/3fi?jeri';!cf./ from papaver, 
 'the poppy.' An alkaloid contained in opium; 
 but not much investigated. 
 PAPAVERTNUM, Codeine. 
 PAPAW TREE, Carica papaya. 
 PAPA YER, Carica papaya. 
 PAPER, BLISTERING, see Sparadrapum 
 vesioatorium. 
 
 PAPIER EPISPASTIQUE, see Sparadra- 
 pum vesioatorium. 
 
 PAPIL'LA, (F.) Papille — diminutive, perhaps, 
 from papa, one of the earliest cries of the infant, 
 ascribed to a craving for food. The end of the 
 breast, the nipple. See Nipple. An eminence 
 similar to a nipple. A name given to small emi- 
 nences, more or less prominent, at the surface of 
 several parts, particularly of the skin and mu- 
 cous membranes, in which latter situation they 
 are also called villi. See Villous. They appear 
 formed by the ultimate expansion of the vessels 
 and nerves, and are susceptible, in some cases, of 
 a kind of erection. They are also called Papillm 
 nervo'scB seu Ner'vea-,, P. Pyramida'les, Nervous 
 papillcB, (F.) PapiUes ou Papillea nerveuses, 
 Honppes nerveuses. 
 
 Papilla LACRVitALis, see Lachrymal puneta 
 —p. Mammae, Nipple— p. Nervi optici, see Optic 
 nerve — p. Pili, see Hair. 
 
 Papilla, see Corpuscles, Pacinian — p. Calyei- 
 formes, see Papillge of the tongue — p. Capitatae, 
 see Papillae of the tongue — p. Circumvallatse, see 
 Papillae of the tongue — p. Conicil. see Papillae 
 of the tongue — p. Conoidal, see Pnpillae of the 
 tongue — p. Filiform, see Papillte of the tongue 
 — p. Fungiform, see Papilla of the tongue — y 
 Fungoid, see Papillae of the tongue. 
 
 Papilljs of thb Kidney, (F.) Mamelons dn 
 rein, are the projections into the pelvis of the 
 kidney of the apices of the cones — Pyramids of 
 llalpighi, Pyram'ides Malpighia'na — -of the tu- 
 bular substance of the organ. They are also 
 called Procea' sus mamilla'res, Carun'culcB papil- 
 la'res, and Papill'a renum. 
 
 Papillae, Lenticular, see Papillae of the 
 tongue — p. Maximae, see Papillae of the tongue 
 — p. Mediae, see Papillae of the tongue — p. Min- 
 imse, see Papillae of the tongue — p. Mucosae, see 
 Papillae of the tongue — p. Nerveae, Corpuscles, 
 Pacinian — p. Nervous, see Papilla — p. Pyra- 
 midal, see Papillae of the tongue — p. Pyra- 
 midales, see Papilla — p. Renum, see Papillae of 
 the kidney — p. Semilenticulares, see Papillae of 
 the tongue. 
 
 PapilLjE of the Tongue are very numerous 
 and marked. They are observed, particularly, at 
 the upper surface of the organ, and are distin- 
 guished into — 1. The Lentic'ular papillcs, PapillcB 
 mnco'scB seu max'imcB seu capita'tcB seu valla'tce 
 seu circnm valla' tcB seu trunca'tce seu calycifor'mes. 
 They are arranged at the base of the tongue in 
 two oblique lines having the shape of the letter 
 V; and united angularly at the foramen cajcum. 
 They have, in general, an ovoid or spherical 
 shape, and have seemed to be mucous follicles 
 similar to those of the palate, lips, &c. 2. The 
 Fun'giform or Fungoid Papillas, PapillcB me'dia 
 seu semilentieula'rea, are of indeterminate number, 
 but always more numerous than the preceding. 
 They are irregularly disseminated near the edges 
 and the point of the tongue ; have a rounded and 
 flattened head, supported by a short and narrow 
 footstalk. Their tint is whitish. 3. The Con'ical, 
 Conoid' al or Pyram'idal papillae, P. min'imcB seu 
 villo'scB, are the most numerous of all. Their 
 arrangement is more regular in the forepart of 
 the tongue than behind. They resemble small 
 cones ; the base being towards the tongue and 
 the apex free. The anterior are very small, and 
 have been called Fil'iform papil'la. They ap- 
 pear to be produced by the terminations of the 
 filaments of the lingual nerve, and are surround- 
 ed by an evident vascular network. 
 
 Papilla Truncat^b, see Papillae of the tongue 
 — p. Vallatse, see Papillae of the tongue — p. Vil- 
 losfe, see Papillae of the tongue. 
 
 PAP'ILLARY, Papilla'ris, Papill'ous, (F.) 
 Papillaire, from papilla. Of or belonging to the 
 nipple or to the papillae. 
 
 Papillary Body, Corpus papillare. 
 
 PAPILLI-AUT-MAMMILLI-FORMIS, Mas- 
 toid. 
 
 PAPILL'IFORM, PapilUform'is, from papilla, 
 and forma, 'form.' Having the shape or appear- 
 ance of a papilla. 
 
 PAPILLO'MA. A tumour, whose specific ele- 
 ments are those of the papillas of the normal 
 skin; and which consequently is composed of a 
 stem of fibrous or homogenous connective tissue : 
 is club-shaped, cylindrical or acuminated, and 
 covered with a layer of epithelial cells, similar to 
 those of the normal papillae. — Forster. 
 
 PAPILLOUS, Papillary. 
 
 PAPOOSE ROOT, Cauiophyllum thalictroides. 
 
 PAPPE, Mamma. 
 
 PAPPEA CAPEN'SIS. A small tree of the 
 Nat. Ord. Sapindaceae, common in Cafferland, 
 the fruit of which is called Wild Plums. It 
 
PAPPUS AMERICANUS 
 
 677 
 
 PARAGLOSSA 
 
 furnishes a vinous beverage, and excellent vine- 
 gar. Its kernel contains an oil, which, although 
 eatable, is somewhat cathartic, and is recom- 
 mended as an external application in tinea 
 capitis, alopecia, &c. 
 
 PAPPUS AMERICANUS, Solanum tubero- 
 sum. 
 
 PAP'ULA. Akin to papUUi. A pimple, Ex- 
 or'min, {¥rov.) Pouke, Puckle, (Sc.) Pliike, Plauk, 
 (F.) Papule, Bouton, Bourgeon. A small, acu- 
 minated elevation of the cuticle, with an inflamed 
 base ; very seldom containing a fluid, or suppu- 
 rating, and commonly terminating in scurf or 
 desquamation. An eruption of pimples is called, 
 in Devonshire, Murfles. 
 
 PapulcB form the first order of Willan and 
 Bateman's arrangement of cutaneous diseases. 
 
 Papula Agria, Lichen agrius — p. Fera, Her- 
 pes exedens — p. Miliaris, Miliary fever — p. Ty- 
 phosa, Spots, red. 
 
 Papula, Lichen — p. Siccas, Lichen — p. Sudo- 
 ris. Miliary fever — p. Sudorales, Sudamina. 
 
 PAPULAR, Papulose. 
 
 PAPULEUX, Papulose. 
 
 PAP'ULOSE, Papnlo'sus, Pap'ulous, Papula'- 
 tus, Pimpled, Paii'ular, Papula'na, (F.) Papu- 
 leux, from papula. Of or belonging to, resem- 
 bling, or covered with, papulfe or pimples. 
 
 PAQUERETTE VIVACE, Bellis. 
 
 PAR NERVO'RUM, Sy?.'y'ji nervo'rum. A 
 pair of nerves. 
 
 Par Nonum, Hypoglossus — p. Opticum Nervo- 
 rum, Optic nerve — p. Primum nervorum cerebri. 
 Olfactory nerve — p. Quartum, Pathetic nerve — 
 p. Quintum nervorum cerebralium, Trigemini — p. 
 Secundum nervorum. Optic nerve — p. Septimum 
 sive faciale, Facial nerve — p. Tertium, Motores 
 oculorum — p. Trigeminum, Trigemini — p. Trium 
 funiculorum, Trigemini — p. Vagus, Pueumogas- 
 tric — p. Visorius, Optic nerve. 
 
 PARA, Tzapa, a common prefix, 'by, near, con- 
 trary to, through,' (per;) 'above and beyond,' 
 [ultra ;) 'besides,' (premier.) In certain terms, as 
 in Paracusis, Parapsis, Paj-abysma, &c., used 
 by Dr. Good, para means a defective or morbid 
 condition. 
 
 Para Nut, see Pichurim beans. 
 
 PARABAL'ANUS, from 7:apa(^a\\uv, {rrapa, 
 and ^aWuv, 'to cast,') 'to expose one-self.' A 
 name given, by the ancients, to a person who de- 
 voted himself to the service of the sick in hos- 
 pitals ; and particularly during epidemics and the 
 plague. 
 
 PARABYS'MA, from vapa, and fivm; 'to stuff.' 
 Infarction or engorgement of an organ — as Para- 
 hysma Lie'nis, Engorgement of the spleen. 
 
 Parabysma MESENTERicuir, Tabes mesente- 
 rica. 
 
 PARABYS'TIA, same etymon. Engorgement 
 or infarction of an organ with blood. 
 
 PARACELSIS'TA, ParaceV sist, Paracd'sian; 
 from Paracelsus. A follower of Paracelsus. 
 
 PARACELSISTICA MEDICINA, see Spagy- 
 rists. 
 
 PARACENTE'RIUM. Same etymon as the 
 next. Woolhouse has given this appellation to a 
 small trocar, employed by Nuck for puncturing 
 the eye in eases of dropsy of that organ. 
 
 PARACENTE'SIS, Perfora'tio, Punc'tio, 
 Punctu'ra, Cenembate'sts, Cente'sis, ComjJunc'tio, 
 (F.) Paraeentese, from TrapaKcvrtoi, (irapa, and 
 KcvTcoi, 'I pierce,') 'I pierce through.' Puncture. 
 The operation of tapping to evacuate the collected 
 fluid in ascites, ovarial dropsy, &o. 
 
 Paracentesis, Puncturing — p. Thoracis, Tho- 
 racocentesis. 
 
 PARACENTETERION, Trocar. 
 
 PARACENTICION, Trocar. 
 
 PARACEPH'ALUS, (F.) Paraciphale, from 
 
 napa, 'defective,' and KC(f)a\ri, 'head.' A genus 
 of monsters, with the head badly formed, but 
 voluminous; the face distinct, with a mouth ; rn- 
 dimental sensorial organs, and thoracic members. 
 
 PARACHRCE'A, from joara, and xP""^! 'colour.' 
 Morbid change of colour of the surface, especially 
 of the face. 
 
 PARACHROMA, Achromatopsia. 
 
 PARACHROSIS, Decoloration. 
 
 PARACTNE'SES, (G.) Parakinesien, from 
 para, and kivijcti;, 'motion.' Diseases of the 
 motor nerves,- morbid movements of voluntary 
 muscles. 
 
 PARACMASIS, Decline. 
 
 PARACMAS'TIC, Paracmas'ticits, from tto- 
 poK/ia^u, [piara, and aKuri, 'the highest point,') 'I 
 decrease.' Decreasing. An epithet for a distem- 
 per, which gradually decreases. Also, according 
 to Galen, the period of life when a person is said 
 to grow old, which he places at from ^5 to 40, 
 after which he is said to be old — a definition that 
 would not suit us at the present day. — Gorrseus, 
 and Castelli. 
 
 PARACMASTICOS, see Acmasticos. 
 
 PARACME, Decline. 
 
 PARACOE,_see Cophosis, Paracusis. 
 
 PARAC'OPE, Paraph'ora, Paracru'sis, from 
 ■n-apaKOTTTU), (para, and /co-ru, 'I strike,') 'I strike 
 falsely.' Delirium. In Hippocrates, it means 
 the slight delirium which sometimes occurs in 
 febrile diseases. 
 
 PARACOUSIA, see Cophosia. 
 
 PARAC'RISES, (G.) Parakrisien: from 
 para, and xpiais, 'secretion.' Diseases of the 
 secretory function. — Fuchs. 
 
 PARACRUSIS, Paracope. 
 
 PARACUSIS, Cophosis. Also, perverted au- 
 dition. 
 
 Paracu'sis Acris, Audi'tus a'crior, Paracu'aia 
 oxycoi'a, from para, and iiKovais, ' the act of 
 hearing.' The hearing painfully acute, and into- 
 lerant of the lowest sounds ; a symptom in 
 otalgia, epilepsy, cephalitis, and febrile affec- 
 tions. 
 
 Paracusis Doplicata, Double hearing — p 
 Imaginaria, Tinnitus aurium — p. Imperfects^ 
 Double hearing, P. perversa — p. Obtusa, Barye- 
 coia — p. Oxj'coia, P. acris. 
 
 Paracusis Perver'sa, P. Willisia'na seu im . 
 perfec'ta. Perverse hearing. The ear only sensi- 
 ble to articulate sounds, when excited by other 
 and louder sounds intermixed with them. — Good. 
 
 Paracusis Sqrditas, see Cophosis — p. Willi- 
 siana, Paracusis perversa. 
 
 PARACYCLE'SES, (G.) Parakyklesen, 
 from para, and KvKXrjan, (kvkXos, 'a circle,') 'cir- 
 culation. Diseases of the blood as regards its 
 distribution and motion. — Fuchs. 
 
 PARACYESIS, Pregnancy, morbid, Pregnan- 
 cy, preternatural — p. Abortus, Abortion — p. Tu- 
 baria, Salpingocyesis._ 
 
 PARACYNAN'CHE, (para, and cynanche.) 
 Inflammation of the external muscles of the la- 
 rynx. According to others, a slight cynanche. 
 
 PARESTHESIA, Paresthesis — p. Olfactoria, 
 Parosmia. 
 
 PARESTHESIS, Paresthesis — p. Auditfis 
 flacca, Proptoma auricularum. 
 
 PARETHENAR, Parathenar. 
 
 PARAGEUSIS, Ageustia. Also, perversion 
 of taste, Parageu'sia, Parageust'ia, Allot rioge us' - 
 tia, Gustus depirava'tus, from para, and yevoig, 
 
 PARAGEUSTIA, Parageusia. 
 
 PARAGLOSSA, Paroglon'se, from para, and 
 yXwaaa, 'the tongue;' Swelling of the tongue; 
 Dyspha'gia Linguo'sa, Glaesomegis'tus, Macro 
 glus'sa, Prolap'sus lingucB. Sauvages, under the 
 term Paragloasa deglutito'ria, means a pretended 
 
PAEAGOGE 
 
 678 
 
 PARAPHONIA 
 
 doubling of the tongue into the pharynx, (F.) 
 Renversenient de la langiie. See Glossocele. 
 
 PARAGOGE, Abduction, Coaptation. 
 
 PARAGOMPHO'SIS, Paragomphosia cap'itia, 
 from para, and yo^Kliixxn;, ' a nailing.' Incomplete 
 ■wedging of the head of the child in the pelvis 
 during labour. 
 
 PARAKINESIEN, Paracineses. 
 
 PAEAKRTSIEN, Paracrises. 
 
 PARAKYKLESEN, Paraeycleses. 
 
 PARALALIA, Mogilalia — p. Nasalis, Rhino- 
 phonia. 
 
 PARALAMP'SIS, -napaXaji-^ii, from -rapaXan- 
 T!u>, [irapa, and Xaiivu), 'I shine,') 'I shine at the 
 side of;' 3Iac'ula eorneoB margarita'cea, Perla. 
 A cicatrix on the transparent part of the eye. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 PARALEREMA, Delirium. 
 
 PARALLAGE, Insanity. 
 
 PAPbALLAGMA, Chevanchement. 
 
 PAPiALLAXIS, Chevauchement, Insanity. 
 
 PARALLE'LA. A kind of scurfy, cutaneous 
 eruption, affecting the palms of the hands, in 
 parallel lines, and symptomatic of the venereal 
 dis'.ase. — Forestus. 
 
 PARALLELISM OP DISEASES, Isopathia. 
 
 PARALOGIA, Delirium. 
 
 PARALOPH'IA, from para, and >o<pia, 'the 
 first vertebra of the back.' The lower and lateral 
 part of the neck, near the vertebrae. — Keil. 
 
 PARAL YSE, Paralytic. 
 
 PARAL YSIE, Paralysis — p. ifnsculaire atro- 
 pTiique, Atrophic musculaire, progressive — p. Sa- 
 turnine, Palsy, lead. 
 
 PARAL'YSIS, Par'esis, Resolu'tio memhro'- 
 rum seu nervo'rum, Cams paralysis, Catal'yxis, 
 (F.) Paralysie, Resolution des memhres ; Aneu'- 
 ria, Anev'ria, Anervismie, — Piorry ; Palsy; from 
 itapa\vij>, (rapa, and Xtiu, 'I loosen,') 'I relax.' 
 Abolition or great diminution of the voluntary 
 motions, 3Iyoparal'ysis, and sometimes of sensa- 
 tion, in one or more parts of the bodj'. 
 
 Palsy is said to be local, when it affects only a 
 few muscles. When it extends to half the body, 
 vertically or horizontally, it is called Hemiple'- 
 gia or Paraple'gia. It is commonly symptoma- 
 tic of disease of the brain or of the nerves them- 
 selves, and is a frequent accompaniment, precur- 
 sor, or successor of apoplexy, — Phrenoparal'ysis. 
 The immediate cause is, generally, pressure, 
 either by blood effused, or by serum, or by vas- 
 cular turgescence. At its onset, therefore, blood- 
 letting may be advisable; but, afterwards, the 
 disease becomes one of nervous debility, and re- 
 quires stimulants to the paralyzed parts, or to 
 the mucous membranes, — frictions, sinapisms, 
 blisters, the moxa, baths, electricity, galvanism, 
 purgatives, and the nux vomica, -which last has 
 the property of exciting movements -where the 
 will has no longer power. The disease generally 
 admits only of palliation, and is extremely apt to 
 recur. 
 
 Paralysis, Primula veris. 
 
 Paral'vsis Ag"itans, P. trem'ula, Syn'clonus 
 hallis'rnus, Scelotyr'he festi'nans, Tremor, Tromos, 
 Shaking Palsy, Trembling Palsy. A variety of 
 tremor, in which the muscles are in a perpetual 
 alternation of contraction and relaxation. 
 
 Paralysis, Bell's, Bell's Palsy, Histrion'ic 
 Paral'ysis or Palsy, Paral'ysis facia'lis, Proso- 
 
 - _ - , riprosople'gi^. 
 
 The paralysis of the face induced by a lesion of 
 the portio dura, has been called Bell's Palsy, 
 owing to Sir Charles Bell having been one of the 
 first to investigate it minutely. 
 
 Paralysis Bkriberia, Beriberi— p. Extremi- 
 tatum, Acro-paralysis — p. Facialis, Paralysis, 
 
 Bell's — p. Hemiplegia, Hemiplegia — p. Histrionic, 
 Paralysis, Bell's — p. of the Insane, Dementia 
 paralytica — p. Intestini recti, Proctoparalysis — 
 p. Intestinorum, Enteroparalysis — p. Linguae, 
 Glossolysis — p. Medullaris, Paraplegia — p. Me- 
 tallica, Palsy, lead — p. Nervi hypoglossi, Glosso- 
 plegia — p. Nervi vagi in parte thoracica. Asthma 
 — p. Nervorum thoracis, &c., Stethoparalysis — p. 
 from Poisons, P. Venenata — p. Rachialgia, Colic, 
 metallic — p. Saturnine, Palsy, lead — p. Scorbu- 
 tica, Pellagra — p. Spinalis, Paraplegia — p. Tro- 
 mula. Paralysis agitans. 
 
 Paral'ysis Venena'ta, Paralysis e vene'nis, 
 Paralysis from poisons. Paralysis, the result of 
 poisonous substances — as of lead, mercury, arse- 
 nic, ergot, &c. 
 
 Paralysis e Venenis, P. Venanata — p. Ven- 
 triculi, Gastroparalysis. 
 
 'PARALYT'IC, Paralyt'icus, Par'ahjzed, Pal'. 
 sied, (F.) Paralyse, Paralytique. Same etymon 
 as Paralysis. Aifected with or causing paralysis. 
 
 Paralytic Stroke, see Stroke, paralytic. 
 
 PARALYZED, Paralytic. 
 
 PARAME'NIA, from para, and jiriv, 'a month ,' 
 3fenstrua'tio anom'ala. Menses anom'alcB, 3Iis- 
 menstruaiion. DifBcult menstruation. Disordered 
 menstruation. 
 
 Paramenia Difficilis, Dysmenorrhoea — p. 
 Erroris, Menstruation, vicarious — p. Obstructio- 
 nis, see Amenorrhoea — p. Profusa, Menorrhagia 
 — p. Superflua, Menorrhagia. 
 
 PARAME'RIA, nupaixvpia, from para, and 
 unpos, 'the thigh.' The internal parts of the 
 thigh. 
 
 PARAMESOS, Annular finger, see Digitus. 
 
 PARAMO DE RUIZ, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. A remarkable acid spring in New Granada. 
 It contains free sulphuric and chlorohydric acids, 
 and has a temperature of 157° Fahr. 
 
 PARANEPHRI'TIS, from para, and nephritis, 
 'inflammation of the kidney.' Inflammation of 
 the renal capsules, Inflamrna'tio renwn succentu- 
 riato'rnm. 
 
 PARANCEA, Delirium, Dementia. 
 
 PARANYMPH'US, from jaara, and vvynpn, 'a 
 young spouse,' 'a bride.' A name given by the 
 ancients to him who led the bride to the house of 
 her husband. The term was adopted into the 
 ancient schools of medicine to designate the 
 usual discourse pronounced at the end of the pre- 
 scribed period of study for licentiate, in which 
 the qualifications and merits of the candidate 
 were described. 
 
 PARAPATHIA, Pathomania. 
 
 PARAPECHYON, Radius. 
 
 PARAPHIA, Parapsis. 
 
 PARAPHIMO'SIS, Penphimo'sia, Circnm- 
 ligatu'ra, Phimo'sis circumliga'ta. Penis lipo- 
 derni'us, from para, and iptpouj, ' I bridle.' Stran- 
 gulation of the glans penis, owing to the opening 
 of the prepuce being too narrow. It frequently 
 happens in persons affected with phimosis, when 
 the prepuce has been pushed violently behind the 
 base of the glans, during copulation, &c. In 
 paraphimosis, the narrow and resisting aperture 
 of the prepuce forms, behind the corona glandis, 
 a kind of ligature, which strangulates the part, 
 causes it to swell and inflame, and even to be- 
 come gangrenous. Attempts must be made to 
 bring back the prepuce. These excite consider- 
 able pain, yet they must be persevered in for 
 some time; and should they not succeed, the 
 rings, formed by the tumefied prepuce, must be 
 cut transversely, and the antiphlogistic treatment 
 be adopted. 
 
 PARAPHOBIA, Hydrophobia. 
 
 PARAPHO'NIA, from joara, and (Poovr;, 'the 
 voice.' Affection of the voice, when its cbaiae* 
 ter or timbre is less agreeable. 
 
PARAPHOKA 
 
 679 
 
 PAREIRA 
 
 Paraphonia Clangens, Oxyphonia — p. Gut- 
 turalis, Asaphia — p. Nasalis, Rhinophonia — p. 
 Puberum, Hirquitalitas — p. Rauca, Raucedo — p. 
 Ulcerosa, Oxyphonia. 
 
 PARAPHORA, Delirium, Paracope. 
 
 PARAPHRENESIS, Paraphrenitis — p. Dia- 
 phragmatica, Diaphragmitis. 
 
 PARAPHRENIE, Insanity. 
 
 PARAPHRENI'TIS, from para, and (pptvti, 
 'the diaphragm;' Pai-aphi-ene'sis, (F.) Para- 
 phrenesie. A name given to inflammation of the 
 diaphragm, (see Diaphragmitis,) which was sup- 
 posed always to produce delirium : — as well as to 
 the delirium itself accompanying that affection. 
 See Phrenitis. 
 
 PARAPHROSTNE, Delirium. 
 
 PARAPHROTES, Delirium. 
 
 PARAPLAS'TIC, Paraplas'ticus, from para, 
 and n-AooTi/cof, 'formative.' Possessed of depraved 
 formative powers, — as Carcinoma, Encephaloma, 
 Melanosis, &c. 
 
 PARAPLE'GIA, Paraplex'ia, RacMoparal'y- 
 eis, Rhachioparal'ysia, Jihachiople'gia, Jlyelo- 
 paral'ysia, Paralysis spina'lia seu Medulla'ris, 
 Cams paralysis paraple'gia, (F.) Paraplegic, 
 from para, and ttX^jo-o-u, 'I strike.' Palsy of the 
 lower half of the body, including the bladder and 
 rectum. It is, generally, owing to disease of 
 some part of the cerebro-spinal axis ; especially 
 of the spinal portion. The ancients sometimes 
 used the term for incomplete apoplexy. Some 
 authors have, also, made a distinction between 
 paraplegia and paraplexia, — using the former 
 for partial apojilexy, — the latter for general or 
 comj}lete apoplexy. 
 
 PARAPLEURITIS, Pleurodynia. 
 
 PARAPLEXIA, Paraplegia. 
 
 PARAPOPHYSES, see Vertebra. 
 
 PARAP'OPLEXY, Parapoplex'ia, from para, 
 and ajTonXn^ia, 'apoplexy.' False apoplexy; a 
 soporous state, resembling apoplexy; and espe- 
 cially that which occurs in the paroxysms of per- 
 nicious intermittents. 
 
 PARAP'SIS, Paraph'ia, frora para, and ottto- 
 fiai, 'I touch.' Sense of touch or general feeling 
 vitiated or lost. — Good. 
 
 Parapsis Acris Teneritudo, Soreness — p. 
 Expers, Torpor, Anaesthesia — p. Illusoria, Pseu- 
 dsesthesia — p. Pruritus, Itching. 
 
 PARARMA, Fimbria. 
 
 PARARRHYTIIMICUS, Pararrhythmus. 
 
 PARARRHYTH'MUS, P«car)%?A'/)!?c!(«,from 
 para, and pv^uog, 'rhythm.' An epithet for the 
 pulse, when it has not the rhythm proper to the 
 age and constitution of the individual. 
 
 FA'R.A'RTRRE'MA,Pararthro''ma,Pararthre'- 
 gia, Pararthro'sis, Parec'tnsis, Parastrep'sis, from 
 para, and apS-pov, 'a joint/ Incomplete luxation; 
 subluxation. 
 
 PARASCEPAS'TRA, from para, and .rxw^w, 
 'I cover.' A cap or bandage, which covers the 
 whole head. — Galen. 
 
 PARASCEUE, Apparatus. 
 
 PARAS'CHIDES, from p«m, and <t-«?w, 'I 
 cleave.' Fragments or splinters of a broken bone. 
 
 P-A.R'ASITE, Parasi''?)(S, from Trapao-irEU, {napa, 
 and (TiTog, 'corn,' 'food.') 'I eat by the side of.' 
 Parasites are plants which attach themselves to 
 other plants ; and animals which live in or on the 
 bodies of other animals, — so as to subsist at their 
 expense. The mistletoe is a parasitic plant; — 
 the louse a parasitic animal. The chief parasitic 
 animals are the Pedic'idus hiima'nva cnrp'oris, 
 P. cap'itis, P. piihis, Ptdex irri'tana, P. pen'- 
 etrana, and the Ac'arits Sca'hiei. 
 
 PARASIT'IC, Pnraait'icva, Par'aaitoid, Pa- 
 raaitoi'des. Same etymon. Having the nature of, 
 or resembling a parasite, — as 'parasitic growths,' 
 tubercles, cancer, monster, (F.) Parasitaire, &e. 
 
 PARASITICIDE, Antiparasitic. 
 
 PARASI'TISM, Paraaitiam'us. Same etymon 
 as Parasite. The condition of a parasite, or of an 
 organized body which lives on another organized 
 body. 
 
 PARASITISMUS INTESTINALIS, Helmin- 
 thiasis — p. Superiiciei, Mails. 
 
 PARASITOG"ENY, Parasitogen'ia, Parasi- 
 togen'eais. The corporeal condition, which favours 
 the development of parasites. 
 
 PARASITOID, Parasitic. 
 
 PARASPA'DIA, from ^;«ro, and mraw, '1 
 draw.' A preternatural opening of the urethra 
 at the side of the penis. One whose urethra 
 opens in this manner is called Parasjmdics'ua 
 and Paraapa'dias. 
 
 PARASPADI^US, see Paraspadia. 
 
 PARAS'PHAGIS, from j^ara, and a<payri, 'the 
 throat.' The part of the neck contiguous to the 
 clavicles. 
 
 PARAS'TATA, Paraa'tatea, from TrapiaTrnn, 
 (irapa, and ic!Tjxr,i,) 'I stand near.' The prostate. 
 In Hippocrates, it means the epididymis. The 
 epididymes were called byHerophilus and Galen 
 Varico'acB parastatcB, to distinguish them from 
 glandulo'acB parastntcB or prostate. Rufus of 
 Ephesus called the Tubse Fallopianae Parastatce 
 varico'acB. 
 
 Parastata Adenoides, Prostate — p. Glan- 
 dula, Prostate — p. Glandulosa, Prostate. 
 
 PARASTATES, Parastata. 
 
 PARASTATI'TIS, Epididymi'tis ; from pa- 
 rastata, ' epididymis,' and itis, denoting inflam- 
 mation. Inflammation of the epididymis. 
 
 PARASTREM'MA, Paraa'tropke, from Ttapatr- 
 Tpt<poi, (irapa, and arpiipoi, 'I turn,') 'I distorter 
 pervert.' Convulsive distortion, especially of the 
 face, the soft parts being drawn laterally. 
 
 PARASTREPSIS, Pararthrema. 
 
 PARASTROPHE. Parastremma. 
 
 PARASYNAXCHE, Cynanche parotid^a. 
 
 PARASYSTOLE, Acinesia. 
 
 PARATH'ENAR, Para'thenar, irom para, and 
 ^ivap, 'the sole of the foot.' Winslow called ^ra?icJ 
 pxtratJienar, parathenar major, a portion of the 
 abductor of the little toe, muscuhia scandula' riua ; 
 and j^etit jjarathinar, parathenar minor, the short 
 flexor of that toe. 
 
 Parathenar Ma.jor, Abductor minimi digiti 
 pedis — p. Minor, Flexor brevis minimi digiti 
 pedis. 
 
 PARATHROMA, Elongatio. 
 
 PARATONIA, see Spasm. 
 
 PARATOPIA, Luxation. 
 
 PARATOP'IJi, from para, and To-rrog, 'place.' 
 Diseases in which organs are removed from their 
 proper position. See Ectopia. 
 
 PARATRIMMA, Chafing. 
 
 PARATROPE, Apotrope. 
 
 PARAT'ROPHY, Parat'rophe, Paratroph'ia, 
 from para, and Tpo(firi, 'nourishment. Misnu- 
 trition. 
 
 PARBREAKING, Vomiting. 
 
 PARDALTANCHES, Aconitum. 
 
 PARDALIANCHUM, Aconitum. 
 
 PAREC'TAMA, Porec'tasia, from para, tK, 
 ' out of,' and ruvia, ' I stretch.' Immoderate ex- 
 tension, distension, or dilatation of a part — as of 
 the heart. 
 
 PARECTASIS, Pararthrema, Parectama. 
 
 PAREGOR'IC, Paregor'icua, So'piens, (J.) 
 Paregoriqne, from napvyopubj (irapa and ayoptvw), 
 'I soothe, I calm.' That which soothes or as- 
 suages — as paregoric elixir. An anodyne. 
 
 PAREIA, Gena. 
 
 PAREIRA, see P. brava. 
 
 Parei'ra Brava, Cisaam'pelos Pareira, Pa 
 reyra, Bntua, Ahv'ta, Alhu'tua, Bntov, Caa-peio 
 Overo hutua. Wild vine. Velvet leaf. Famil^^ 
 
PARELLE 
 
 680 
 
 PAKOMPHALOCELE 
 
 MenispermeiB. Sex. Si/st. Dicecia Monadelptia. 
 The root of this plant — Pareira (Ph. U. S.) — a 
 native of South America and the West Indies, 
 has a sweet taste, with considerable bitterness and 
 slight roughness. It has been recommended in 
 nephritic and calculous affections ; but it is not 
 much used. By A. de St. Hilaire, Pareira is as- 
 signed to Cissampeloa glaher'rima. 
 
 PARELLE, Kumex hydrolapathum, R. pa- 
 tientia. 
 
 PARENCEPHALIS, Cerebellum. 
 PARENCEPHALITIS, Cerebellitis. 
 PARENCEPHALOCE'LE, from TTapeyKc<pa\ii, 
 (ffapa, and cyKKpaXoi, 'the brain/) 'the cerebel- 
 lum,' and K)/X>7, ' a rupture.' Hernia of the eere- 
 hel'lnm; a very rare disease. It occurs under 
 the form of a soft, indolent, or slightly painful 
 tumour, without change in the colour of the skin, 
 and is situate in the occipital region. It is con- 
 stituted of the cerebellum, which escapes through 
 an aperture in the occipital bone. Great atten- 
 tion must be paid not to mistake it for an ordi- 
 nary tumour, as its extirpation would be attended 
 with fatal consequences. 
 PAREXCEPHALUS, Cerebellum. 
 PAREN'CHYMA, Garo parenchymat' ica seu 
 vis'cerum seu viscera' lis seu viscero'sa, Substaii'tia 
 parenchyniato'sa, Procheu'ma, (F.) Parenchyme. 
 The texture of glandular and other organs, com- 
 posed of agglomerated globules united by areolar 
 tissue, and tearing with more or less facility. 
 Such is the texture of the liver, kidneys, <tc. 
 JlaptyxviJ-oL signifies, in Greek, effusion, (wapa, tv, 
 and x^'^' 'I poui",') and it was believed, that this 
 tissue consisted of effused blood or other fluid. 
 PARENCHYjfA Testis, Pulpa testis. 
 PAREN'CHYMAL, Parenchym'atous, Paren'- 
 chymous, Parenchyma' lis, Parenchymat'icus, (F.) 
 Parenchymateux ; same etymon. Belonging or 
 relating to the parenchyma of an organ. 
 
 PARENCHYMATI'TIS ; from 2^">-'^nchyma, 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. Jnflamma'tio 
 parenchymat'ica. Inflammation of the substance 
 of an organ. 
 
 PARENCHYMATOUS, Parenchymal. 
 PAR'ESIS, from rrapiri^n, 'I relax.' (F.) Pa- 
 resie. Paralysis. According to some, a slight, 
 incomplete paralysis, affecting motion, not sen- 
 sation. 
 
 PARESTHE'SIS, Parmsthe'sis, Paresthe'sia, 
 Sensus imperfec'tus, from para, and atcrdyiai;, 
 'sensation.' Congenital misconstruction of the 
 external organs of sense. A genus in the no- 
 sology of Good. Also, perversion of sensibility. 
 PARET'ICA EXARTHRO'SIS. Luxation 
 from relaxation of the ligaments of a joint. 
 PARETICUS, Relaxant. 
 PAREYRA, Pareira brava. 
 PARFUM, Suffimentum. 
 PARIERA, Pareira brava. 
 PARIES, Table. 
 
 PARI'ETAL, Parieta'Us, Pariet'inus, from 
 paries, parietis, ' a wall.' Appertaining to the 
 parietes or walls of an organ or to the parietal 
 bones. 
 
 Parietal Artery, see P. Bones. 
 _ Parietal Bones, Ossa parieta'Ua seu vertiea'- 
 lia seu ver'ticis seu sincip'itis seu hreg'matis seu 
 Iregmat'ica seu nerva'lia seu tetrago'na, are two 
 fellow-bones, occupying the lateral and upper 
 parts of the cranium, in the formation of which 
 they assist. They have a quadrilateral shape: 
 their extortial surface is convex, and presents, at 
 its middle part, an eminence called the Parietal 
 protuberance, Tuber paricta'le, {F.) Basse parie- 
 tale. Their inner or cerebral surface, which is 
 concave, has a depression that corresponds with 
 the preceding eminence, and which is called the 
 Parietal fossa, Fossa parieta'lis. Above and be- 
 
 hind, near the superior edge of these bones, is a 
 foramen, which does not always exist, called the 
 Parietal foramen, Fora'men parieta'le, through 
 which passes a vein — parietal vein — that opens 
 into the superior longitudinal sinus of the dura 
 mater: and an artery — parietal artery — a branch 
 of the occipital, which ramifies on the same sinus. 
 Each parietal bone is articulated above, with its 
 fellow; below, with the temporal bone: before, 
 with the frontal; behind, with the occipital, and 
 by the anterior and inferior angle with the great 
 ala of the sphenoid. Each parietal bone is de- 
 veloped from a single point of ossification. 
 
 Parietal Foramex, see P. Bones — p. Fossa, 
 
 see P. Bones — p. Protuberance, see P. Bones 
 
 p. Veins, see P. Bones. 
 
 PARIETA'RIA, P. officina'lis, Helx'ine, Vi- 
 tra'ria, Wall 2:)el'litory, (F. ) Parietaire commune, 
 Perce-miiraille, Aumnre, Herbe aux murailles ou 
 cles Nones, Family, Urticeae. Sex. Syst. Poly- 
 gamia Monceeia. This plant grows on old walls, 
 — hence its name, from paries, parietis, 'a wall,' 
 
 — and contains much nitrate of potassa. It is 
 diuretic, but is not much used. 
 
 Parieta'ria Pennsylvan'ica, Amer'ican PeV- 
 litory, a small weed, flowering from June to Au- 
 gust, has been used in juice or decoction as a 
 diuretic, deobstruent [?] and emmenagogue. 
 
 PARPETES, Plural of Paries, 'a wall,' (F.) 
 Parois. A name given to parts which form the 
 enclosures or limits of different cavities of the 
 body, as the Parietes of the cranium, chest, &o. 
 
 PARIETINUS, Parietal. 
 
 PARIS, P. quadrifo'lia, Sola'nnm quadrifo'- 
 lium, Uva inver'sa seu lupi'na seu vidpi'na. One- 
 berry, Truelove, (F.) Parisette, Raisin de lienard, 
 Herbe ci Paris, Etrangle-loup. It possesses nar- 
 cotic properties, and was formerly considered a 
 powerful love philter. It is emetic, and is some- 
 times used extcrnall)' as a resolvent and anodyne. 
 
 PARISAGOGE INTESTINORUM, Intussus- 
 ceptio. 
 
 PARISETTE, Paris. 
 
 PARISTH'MIA, jmra, and ladnoq, ' the throat.' 
 A word employed to designate the tonsils, and, 
 likewise, inflammation of the tonsils. Cynanche 
 tonsillaris, and Cynanche in general. 
 
 PARISTHMIOT'OMUS, from Trapi,r^pta, 'the 
 tonsils,' and Tejivui, ' I cut.' An instrument with 
 which the tonsils were formerly scarified. 
 
 PARISTHMITIS, Cynanche, C. tonsillaris. 
 
 PARISTHMIUM, Tonsil. 
 
 PARISWORT, Trillium latifolium. 
 
 PARMACITY, Cetaceum — p. Poor Man's, 
 Thlaspi bursa. 
 
 PARME'LIA PARIET'INA, Lichen pariet'- 
 inus. Yellow viall Lichen, Common Yellow Wall 
 Moss, which grows abundantly on trees and walls, 
 Order, Lichenacese, is used in intermittent fever 
 on account of its bitterness. 
 
 PARMELIA ISLANDICA, Lichen Islandicus 
 
 — p. Plicata, Lichen plicatus — p. Pulmonacea, 
 Lichen pulmonarius — p. Roccella, Lichen roc- 
 cella — p. Saxatilis, Lichen saxatilis. 
 
 PARMENTIE'RA CERIP'ERA, Pa7o de 
 velas, Candle Tree, A forest tree in the valley 
 of the Chagres, — Nat. Ord. Crescentiacea°, — the 
 long cylindrical fruit of which, resembling can- 
 dles, serves for food for cattle. 
 
 PAROARION, Parovarium. 
 
 PAROCHETEUSIS, Derivation. 
 
 PARODON'TIDES, from para, and oiov;, 
 tooth.' Tumours on the gums; parulis, &o, 
 
 PARODYNIA, Dystocia— p. Perversa, Pre- 
 sentation, preternatural. 
 
 PAROIS, Parietes. 
 
 PAROLE, Voice, articulated. 
 
 PAROMPHALOCE'LE, from para, op,pa\os, 
 
PARONIRIA 
 
 681 
 
 PAROTIS 
 
 'the navel,' and lojX;?, 'rupture.' Hernia near 
 the navel. 
 
 PARONI'RIA, from para, and ovtipov, 'a 
 dream.' Depraved, disturbed, or morbid dream- 
 ing ; Oneirodyn'ia acti'va, Erethis'mns oneivo- 
 di/n'ia. The voluntary organs connected with 
 the passing train of ideas, overpowered by the 
 force of the imagination during dreaming, and 
 involuntarily excited to their natural or accus- 
 tomed actions, while the other organs remain 
 asleep. — Good. 
 
 Paroniria Ambulans, Somnambulism — p. Sa- 
 lax, Pollution. 
 
 PARONY'CHIA, Paron'ycMs, ParonijcU'tis, 
 Pan'aris, Redu'via, Eediv'ia, VermJe seu Pteryg'- 
 ium dig"iti, Panafit"ium, D!git"iuni, Pandalit"- 
 ium, Passu, Dactyli'tis, Paiia'rhim, Onych'ia, 
 (F.) Onglade, from para, and ovv^, ovv)(_oq, ' the 
 nail.' The ancients gave this name tc an inflam- 
 matory tumour, — Onychi'tis, Onyxi'tis (Gross), 
 — seated near the nail, and involving the pulp or 
 matrix. Some of the moderns have extended it 
 to inflammation of the hand, and even of the 
 forearm. It usually means every phlegmonous 
 tumour of the fingers or toes, and especially of 
 the first phalanx. Four kinds of paronychia are 
 commonly pointed out: 1. That seated between 
 the epidermis and skin, called in France Tour- 
 niole. 2. That seated in the subcutaneous areo- 
 lar tissue. 3. That occupying the sheath of a 
 tendon; and 4. That considered to be seated be- 
 tween the periosteum and bone. The last three 
 are only different degrees of the same disease, 
 constituting Whitlow, (Prov.) Teak, (F.) JtJal 
 d'aventnre: — the worst kinds, in English, are 
 called Felon. The inflammation generally com- 
 mences in the subcutaneous areolar tissue, and 
 spreads to other parts, occasioning excessive, 
 lancinating pain, owing to the parts being put 
 upon the stretch; hence, the necessity of dividing 
 them freelj"^, — even down to the bone, when there 
 is reason to believe that the affection belongs to 
 the fourth division, — making use of emollient 
 applications, the antiphlogistic treatment, and 
 opiates to relieve pain. 
 
 Paronychia, Asplenium ruta muraria — p. Di- 
 gitium, Digitium. 
 
 PARONYCHIS, Paronychia. 
 
 PARONYCHITIS. Paronychia. 
 
 PAROPHOBIA, Hydrophobia. 
 
 PAROPIA, Cantbus (lesser.) 
 
 PAROPLEXIA, Paraplegia. 
 
 PAROPSIS, DysEesthesia visualis — p. Amau- 
 rosis, Amaurosis — p. Cataracta, Cataract — p. 
 Glaucosis, Glaucoma — p. Illusoria, Pseudoblep- 
 sia — p. Lateralis, Dysopia lateralis — p. Longin- 
 qua, Presbytia — p. Lueifuga, Nyctalopia — p. 
 Noetifuga, Hemeralopia — p. Propinqua, Myopia 
 — p. Staphyloma, Staphyloma — p. Staphyloma 
 purulentum. Hypopyon — p. Staphyloma simplex, 
 Hydropbthalraia — p. Strabismus, Strabismus — 
 p. Synezisis, Synezisis. 
 
 PAROPTE'SIS, from -nap.,, dim., and oTrrau, 
 'I roast.' Forcing a sweat by placing a patient 
 before the fire or putting him in a dry bath. 
 
 PARORA'SIS, from para, and opao), 'I see.' 
 Perversion of sight, which prevents the person 
 from judging accurately of the colour of objects. 
 Achromiitop'sia. Hallucination. — Galen. 
 
 PARORCHID'IUM, from para, 'something 
 wrong,' and opxts, op-)(^iios, ' testicle.' Any position 
 of one or both testicles, different from that which 
 they ought to occupy in the scrotum ; — whether 
 they may not have descended through the abdo- 
 minal ring, or are drawn up to the groins by the 
 cremaster muscle. 
 
 PAROR'CHID 0-ENTEROCE'LE, Hernia 
 paror'chido-enter'ica. Internal hernia compli- 
 cated with displacement of the testicle. — Sau- 
 vages. 
 
 PAROSMIA, Anosmia. Also, perversion of 
 smell; ParcBsthe'sia ol/acto'ria, Olfac'tus depra- 
 va'tus, Idioeyncra'sia ol/acto'ria, from 2}cira, and 
 oajxT], ' odour.' 
 
 PAROS'TIA, from napa, 'defectively,' and 
 oartov, *a bone.' Bones untempered in their sub- 
 stance, and incapable of affording proper sup- 
 port. — Good. 
 
 Parostia Flexilis, Mollities ossium — p. Fra- 
 gilis, Fragilitas ossium. 
 
 PAROTIA, Cynanche parotidsea. 
 
 VAB.OT'ID, Gland'ulaparotide'a seu ad Aures, 
 Paro'tis, Animel'lcB, Alimel'lcB, Lacticin'ia; from 
 jKira, and ovi, wrog, 'the ear.' The largest of 
 the salivary glands, seated under the ear, and 
 near the angle of the lower jaw. It is composed 
 of many separate lobes, giving rise to excretory 
 ducts, which unite to form one canal, called the 
 Parotid duct, Steno's canal, — the Ductus superior 
 or Sup)erior salivary canal, of some. This duct, 
 after having advanced horizontally into the sub- 
 stance of the cheek, proceeds through an opening 
 in the buccinator muscle, and terminates in the 
 mouth opposite the second upper molaris. About 
 the middle of its course, it sometimes receives 
 the excretory duct of a glandular body, situate 
 in its vicinity, and called the Ac'ccssory Gland 
 of the Parotid, So'cia Parot'idis, Gland' ula so'eia 
 parot'idis. In the substance of the parotid are 
 found — a number of branches of the facial nerve, 
 of the transverse arteries of the face, and the 
 posterior auricular. It receives, also, some fila- 
 ments from the inferior maxillary nerve, and 
 from the ascending branches of the superficial 
 cervical plexus. Its lymphatic vessels are some- 
 what numerous, and pass into ganglions situate 
 at its surface or behind the angle of the jaw. 
 The parotid secretes saliva, and pours it copiously 
 into the mouth. 
 
 Parotid, Accessory Gland of the, see Pa- 
 rotid. 
 
 Parotid Aponeuro'sis. A sheath of great 
 thickness, continuous, below, with the cervical 
 fascia. It forms a frame-work to the parotid by 
 means of fibrous prolongations from its deep sur- 
 face. Its density accounts for the pain of paro- 
 titis, and for the difliculty with which pus makes 
 its way to the surface. 
 
 Parotid Arteries, see Parotid — p. Duct, see 
 Parotid — p. Veins, see Parotid. 
 
 PAROTIDE, Parotis. 
 
 PAROTIDE'AN, Parotidm'ns, (F.) Parotidien. 
 Belonging or relating to the parotid. 
 
 PAROTIDITIS, Cynanche parotidsea, Parotis. 
 
 PAROTIDON'CUS, Tumor ]mro'tidis,T. Glan'- 
 dulcB parotide'cB, from parotis, and oy/coj, 'a tu- 
 mour.' Swelling of the parotid. 
 
 PARO'TIS, Phleg'mone parotide'a, Inflamma'- 
 tio paro'tidum, Cynan'c/ie jjarotidcs'a, Paroti'tis, 
 Parotidi'tis, Dioscu'ri, (F.) Parotide, is the name 
 of a tumour seated under the ear; which is red- 
 dish, hard, and attended with obtuse p;iin ; the 
 progress to suppuration being slow and difficult. 
 Sometimes it is of a malignant character, slough- 
 ing, and long protracted. Some French. patholo- 
 gists restrict the term jjarotide to symptomatic 
 parotitis — as to that which occurs in plao-ue; 
 whilst they apply the terms Oreillous or Oiirhs] 
 Purotoncies, to Cynanche parotidasa or Mumps. 
 
 Parotis Contagiosa, Cynanche parotidaea — 
 I p. Epidemica, Cynanche parotidsea — p. Serooo 
 
PAROTITIS 
 
 682 
 
 PARTURITION 
 
 glutine tumens, Cynanche parotidsea — p. Spuria, 
 Cynanche parotidsea. 
 
 PAROTITIS, Cynanche parotidaea, Parotis — 
 p. Epidemica., Cynanche parotidaea — p. Erysipe- 
 latosa, Cynanche parotidiea — p. Polymorpha, 
 Cynanche parotidaa — p. Specifica, Cynanche 
 parotidaea. 
 
 PABOTONCTES, see Parotis. 
 
 PAROVA'RIUM, properly Paro'd'rion ; Cor- 
 pxis'culum coii'icum Rosenmulleri, from para, and 
 uiapiov, ' the ovary.' A body closely analogous in 
 structure to the epididymis, which is seated be- 
 tween the Fallopian tube and the ovary in the 
 broad ligament. The Corpus Wolffianum con- 
 curs in its formation. — Kobelt. 
 
 PAROXYN'TIC, Paroxyn'tictis, (F.) Paroxyn- 
 tiqite, from Trapo^vvia, ' I excite.' Relating to a 
 paroxysm. 
 
 Jours paroxyntiques are days on which parox- 
 ysms take place. 
 
 PAR'OXYSM, Paroxys'mus, from napo^vvio, 
 {■n-apa, and o^vvsiv, 'to render sharp.') *I irri- 
 tate;' Im'petiis, Insul'tus, Inva'sio, Exaeerha'tio, 
 Acces'sio, Acces'sus, (Old Eng.) Axes, (F.) Ex- 
 acerbation, Redouhlement, Acces. The augmenta- 
 tion which supervenes at equal or unequal inter- 
 vals in the symptoms of acute diseases. Also, a 
 periodical exacerbation or fit of a disease. 
 
 PAROXYS'MAL, Paroxysma'Us ; same ety- 
 mon. (F.) Paroxystiqne. Of or belonging to a 
 paroxysm; — as a paroxysmal da}', (F.) Jour 
 paroxystiqne / a day on which a paroxysm of 
 disease occurs. 
 
 PAROXYSMUS FEBRILIS, Pyrexia. 
 
 PAROXYSTIQUE, Paroxysmal. 
 
 PARS, Genital organs — p. Corporis, Genital 
 organs — p. Inferior Pedis, Sole — p. Intermedia, 
 see Corpus spongiosum urethrse — p. Mastoidea 
 of Temporal Bone, Mastoid process — p. Natu- 
 ralis medicinas, Physiology — p. Obscoena, Genital 
 organs — p. Petrosa, see Temporal Bone — p. Prima 
 asperas arterise, Larynx — p. Pyramidalis ossis 
 temporis, see Temporal Bone — p. Squamosa, see 
 Temporal Bone — p. Urethrae membranacea, see 
 Urethra — p. Vaga, Pneumogastric — p. Virilis, 
 Penis. 
 
 PARSLEY, COMMON, Apium petroselinum— 
 p. Fool's, ^thusa cynapium — p. Macedonian, 
 Bubon Macedonicum — p. Mountain, black, Atha- 
 manta aureoselinum — p. Poison, Conium macu- 
 latum — p. Spotted, Conium maculatum — p. Wa- 
 ter, Cicuta maculata. 
 
 PARSNEP, COW, Heracleum spondylium, 
 Heraeleum lanatum — p. Crow, Leontodon tarax- 
 acum — p. Garden, Pastinaca sativa — p. Meadow, 
 Thaspiuui Barbinode — p. Water, common, Sium 
 latifoliuni. 
 
 PART, see Parturition — p. Legitime et ille- 
 gitime, see Parturition. 
 
 PARTES GENERATIONI INSERVIEN- 
 TES, Genital organs — p. Genitales, Genital or- 
 gans — p. Laterales nasi. Scapulae nasi — p. Ner- 
 vosa, see Nerve — p. Obscoenae, Genital organs. 
 
 PARTHENEIA, Virginity. 
 
 PARTHENIUM FEBRIFUGUM, Matricaria 
 — p. Mas, Tanacetum. 
 
 PARTHEN'IUS {Morbus); from rrapOevog, 'a 
 virgin.' A disease in a young female. Also, 
 chlorosis. 
 
 PARTHENOGEN'ESIS, 'virgin birth;' from 
 irapOevog. 'a virgin,' and yrvfo-if, 'generation.' 
 The successive production of procreating indi- 
 viduals from a single ovum, without any renewal 
 of fertilization. — Owen. 
 
 PARTHENOL'OGY, Parthenolog"ia, from 
 
 TTapBcvtia, 'virginity,' and >^oyos, 'a description.' 
 A description or consideration of the state of vir- 
 ginity in health or disease. 
 
 PARTHENUS, Virgin. 
 
 PARTIALIS, Local. 
 
 PARTICLES, PRIMITIVE, OF MUSCLES, 
 Sarcous Elements. 
 
 PARTICUL^ SANGUINIS, Globules of the 
 blood. 
 
 PARTIES, LES, Genital organs—;?. Geni- 
 tales, Genital organs — p. Honteuses, Genital or- 
 gans — p. Genitoires, Genital organs — p. Natu- 
 relles. Genital organs — p>- Nobles, Genital organs 
 ■ — p. Sexuelles, Genital organs. 
 
 PARTIO, Parturition. 
 
 PARTRIDGE-BERRY, Gaultheria, Mitchella 
 repens. 
 
 PARTS, THE, Genital organs. 
 
 PARTURA, Parturition. 
 
 PARTU'RIENT, Partu'riens, from parturire, 
 parturitum, itself from parere, ' to bring forth.' 
 Bringing forth, or about to bring forth, or having 
 recently brought forth young. 
 
 The Parturient, Puer'perous, Childbed or Ly- 
 ing-in or Lying-down state. Confinement, Puerpe'- 
 rium, generally comprises the period from partu- 
 rition to perfect recovery, which is usually a 
 month. In the north of England this is called 
 the steg-month, requires careful management, and 
 is subject to various diseases. 
 
 A Partu'rient or Pariurifa'cient is a medicine 
 which induces or promotes labour; as ergot, and, 
 perhaps borate of soda. See Abortive. 
 
 PARTURIFACIENT, Parturient. 
 
 PARTURIGO, Parturition. 
 
 PARTURIT"ION, Puerpe'rium, Partus, Par- 
 tio, Parturit"io, Parturi'go, Partu'ra, Tocos, 
 To'cetos, Texis, Lochi'a, Apocye'sis, Maeu'sis, 
 Ilaieu'sis, Nego'tium seu Actus ;jaj-/!u-i7)o'j)js, 
 Enix'us seu Enix'io seu Expul'sio foet-Hs, Ajjol'- 
 ysis, Status parturien'di, Deliv'ery, Labour, Child- 
 bearing, Child-birth, Birth, Trav'ail, (Sc.) Child- 
 ill, Crying, Crying out, (F.) Accouchement, Couche, 
 Travail d'Enfant, Enfantement. Same etymon as 
 Parturient. The act of delivery of the fcetus and 
 its appendages, also the state during and imme- 
 diately after delivery — Childbed, (Sc.j Glzzen- 
 bed, Gizzen, see Parturient. Labour is the ne- 
 cessary consequence of conception, pregnancy, 
 and the completion of gestation. It does not 
 take place, at the full time, until after nine months 
 of utero-gestation, — the causes producing it being 
 the contraction of the uterus and abdominal 
 muscles. By different authors, the stages of 
 labour have been variously divided. We may, 
 perhaps, admit of four. ThQ first stage comprises 
 the precursory signs. One, two, or three days 
 before labour, a mucous discharge, streaked with 
 blood, takes place from the vagina, which is 
 called the Sicpnnn, Leucorrhoe'a Nabo'lhi, Hcsmor- 
 rhag"ia Nabothi, Labour-show, or Shout; and, 
 along with this, trifling grinding pains, called by 
 the French Mouches, are felt in the loins .nnd ab- 
 domen. Second stage: — Peculiar pains, which 
 extend from the lumbar region towards the 
 uterus; tension and dilatation of the neck and 
 orifice of that organ ; protrusion into the vagina 
 of the envelopes of the foetus, forming the bag of 
 icaters, (F.) Poche des eaux ; and rupture or 
 breaking of the waters. Third stage : — Contrac- 
 tions of the uterus and abdominal muscles ; 
 forcing pains ; the head of the foetus becomes en- 
 gaged in the pelvis : the occiput being commonly 
 situate above the left acetabulum, passes beneath 
 the arch of the pubis. Fourth stage: — the head 
 now presents at the vulva, the perineum being 
 
PARTURITION 
 
 683 
 
 PARTURITION 
 
 considerably distended; at length it clears the 
 external parts, and the rest of the body is easily 
 disengaged. The child still continues attached to 
 the mother by the umbilical cord, which has to 
 be divided. In the course of fifteen or twenty 
 minutes, trifling pains occur, and the secun dines 
 are expelled. This completes delivery — the birth, 
 (F.) Naissance of the child. In by far the 
 majority of cases, the head is the presenting part, 
 the occiput directed anteriorly, and the face pos- 
 teriorly. Of 12,633 children, born at the Hos- 
 pital La Maternity, in Paris, from the 10th of 
 December, 1797, to the 31st of July, 1806, the 
 following were the presentations : 
 
 The head, with the face posteriorly... 12,120 
 
 The head anteriorly 63 
 
 The breech 198 
 
 The feet 147 
 
 The knees 3 
 
 Other positions 102 
 
 12,633 
 
 The following table, drawn up from data fur- 
 nished by Velpeau, gives an approximate view 
 of the comparative number of presentations, ac- 
 cording to the experience of the individuals men- 
 tioned : 
 
 TABLE, EXHIBITING THE RATIO OP PRESENTATIONS IN 1000 CASES. 
 
 Regular or of the vertex..., 
 
 I. Occipito-anterior 
 
 a. Occipito-cotyloid (left)...- 
 
 Do. (right) 
 6. Occipito pubian 
 
 II . Occipito-posterior 
 
 a. Fronto-cotyloid (left) 
 
 b. Do. (right) . 
 
 Face presentation 
 
 Men to-iliac (right) 
 
 Of the pelvis 
 
 Of the foot 
 
 Of the knees 
 
 Of the breech 
 
 Of the trunk 
 
 Eequiring Forceps 
 
 " Turning 
 
 " Cephalotomy.... 
 
 
 
 
 ACCORDING TO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Madame 
 
 
 
 Hospital 
 
 
 man. 
 
 Eland. 
 
 
 Lacha- 
 pelle. 
 
 Nagele. 
 
 Lovati. 
 
 Facuite. 
 
 Boer. 
 
 924 
 
 944 
 
 969 
 
 933 
 
 933 
 
 911 
 
 980 
 
 
 908 
 
 
 944 
 
 760 
 
 179 
 0-29 
 9-4 
 5-3 
 4-4 
 
 910 
 717 
 209 
 
 9 
 7-3 
 
 2-9 
 
 
 895 
 537 
 
 
 
 2 2 
 
 2-6 
 
 3-6 
 
 4-6 
 2-6 
 
 
 
 
 8-8 
 
 36 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 36 
 
 47 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 12-7 
 
 9-4 
 
 019 
 
 14 
 
 0.40 
 
 
 
 
 10-3 
 
 23 
 
 13 
 
 18 
 4-6 
 
 22 
 5-3 
 
 4-8 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 6'6 
 
 4-7 
 
 4-6 
 
 3-4 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 5-7 
 
 16 
 
 4-7 
 
 
 7-8 
 
 7-2 
 
 
 
 5-9 
 
 3-3 
 
 5-2 
 
 4-77 
 
 0-53 
 
 2-4 
 
 
 
 1-5 
 
 Labour has received different names, according 
 to the period of pregnancy at which it occurs, and 
 the mode in which it takes place. It is called 
 miacar' riage or abor'tion, prior to the seventh 
 month; prem'ature labour, Omotoc'ia, Partus pra- 
 cox seu prcBmatu'riis, between this and eight 
 months and a half; and labour at the full pteriod, 
 (F.) Accouchement d terme, when it happens at 
 the end of nine months. Labours have likewise 
 been variously divided by different authors. Per- 
 haps the one into Nat'ural, Preternat'ural, and 
 Labo'rious, is as common as any; — natural La- 
 hour meaning that which would occur without 
 manual assistance ; preternatural, requiring the 
 assistance of art, but by the hand solely : and 
 laborious or instrumen'tal, requiring instrumental 
 assistance ; which M. Capuron calls Accouchement 
 Mechanique. Poioerless labour, the Inertie par 
 
 epnisement of Madame Lachapelle, is that in 
 which the muscular powers from exhaustion are 
 unable to accomplish such delivery. 
 
 Forced labour or parturition, (F.) Accouche- 
 ment ouAvorteiiient provoque, is labour or abortion, 
 induced by art. When labour is accompanied 
 with other phenomena of a deranging character, 
 it is said to be complicated. AVhen the child, even 
 when reduced in size, cannot pass, it is termed 
 imprac'ticable, &o. See Dystocia. 
 
 The French use the term Part, Partus, at 
 times, synonymously with delivery ; at others, 
 with foetus, llaieu'ma, ilceeu'ma. Suppression 
 de part means concealment of delivery: Part 
 legitime, a foetus which comes into the world with 
 the condition necessary for its enjoying advan- 
 tages granted by law ; and Part illerjitime, one 
 ' that does not fall under those conditions. 
 
 TABLE OF THE COURSE AND MANAGEMENT OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF 
 
 LABOURS. 
 
 I. Natural Labours. 
 
 Head PsESENTiNa. 
 {Four Positions.) 
 
 Or those in which Delivery can be effected without Assistance. 
 
 The head with the chin bent upon the breast clears the 
 brim of the pelvis. Motion of rotation produced by the 
 inclined planes of the pelvis; the occipital protuberance 
 is carried behind the symphysis pubis, and the face 
 towards the hollow of the sacrum. 
 
 The head attains the outlet: clears it; the occiput being 
 first disengaged, and the face afterwards, which passes 
 successively along the whole of the hollow of the 
 { sacrum. The shoulders enter the brim diagonally; 
 and execute the movement of rotation. The one be- 
 hind first clears the outlet. The same thing occurs 
 with the nates. 
 
 The same course is here followed : except that after the 
 rotary movement, the face passes behind the symphysis 
 pubis, and the occiput into the hollow of the sacrum. 
 The occiput is first extruded ; — the face next. 
 
 When the chin presents and is turned forwards, the 
 face is first expelled; the head is thrown backwards. 
 This presentation is uncommon. If the chin present 
 and be thrown backwards, natural delivery cannot be 
 effected. 
 
 1. Occiput tmvards the Left 
 Acetabulum. 
 
 2. Occipid towards the Right 
 Acetabulum. 
 
 3. Occiput towards the Right 
 Sacro-iliac Symphysis. 
 
 4. Occiput totuards the Left 
 Sacro4liac Symphysis. 
 
PARTURITION 
 
 684 
 
 PARTURITION 
 
 Natural Labours. — Continued. 
 
 Lower Estreih- 
 TT Presexiing. 
 
 (Four Positions of 
 the Feet, Knees, 
 and Breech.) 
 
 1. Heel, Tibia, nr Sacrum to- 
 wards the left Acetabulum. 
 
 Heel, Tibia, nr Sacrum tJ> 
 wards the Right Acetabur 
 lum. 
 
 Heel, Tibia, or Sacrum to- 
 wards the RigJit Sacro- 
 iliac Symphysis. 
 . Heel, Tibia, or Sacrum to- 
 wards the Left Sacro-Uiac 
 Symphysis. 
 
 The nates enter the brim diagonally; movement of rota- 
 tion: the one passes behind the symphysis pubis: the 
 other towards the hollow of the sacrum. The one be- 
 hind is first extruded. 
 
 The same thing happens to the shoulders. The chin ia 
 bent upon the chest to clear the brim : movement of 
 rotation: the occiput passes behind the symphysis 
 pubi.s, and the face towards the hollow of the sacrum. 
 The face clears the outlet first; the occiput last. 
 
 The same progress, except that after the movement of 
 rotation, the face is towards the pubis, and the occiput 
 towards the sacrum. The face is here again delivered 
 first. 
 
 II. Preternatural Labours, 
 Or those which require Manual Assistance only. 
 
 Pkesentatiov op the 
 Head, Upper Extre^- 
 TiES, Back, Abdomen, 
 &c. 
 
 1. 'When the labour is without any serious complication, and the head is not 
 in a good position at the brim of the pelvis, endeavours are to be made to 
 place it in its natural position : the hand to be introduced with the fingers 
 united, and the long diameter of the head to be placed diagonally in the 
 brim, if possible. Or the lever may be fixed over the occiput, and, by draw- 
 ing it down, a closer approximation of the chin and chest may be effected; 
 the position of the head to the pelvis being at the same time attended to. 
 
 2. If complicated with syncope, convulsions, hemorrhage, want of uterine 
 action, &c., the feet must be laid hold of, and the child turned. For this 
 purpose, empty the rectum and bladder; and turn, if possible, prior to the 
 escape of the liquor amnii. The female may be placed oo her back or left 
 side, with the breech over the edge of the bed. Use the right or left hand, 
 according as the feet of the child are to the right or left side of the pelvis; 
 always so introducing the hand, that the child shall be in its palm, and the 
 back of the hand opposed to the inner surface of the uterus. The hand and 
 arm to be introduced during an interval of pain; and they must be flattened 
 and tranquil whilst the uterus is contracting forcibly. If both feet cannot 
 be readily brought down, seize one, and tie a fillet around it. 
 
 3. If the toes point to the vertebral column, or to the aMumen of the mother, 
 the head, in its descent, will not enter the pelvis: the chin and occiput will 
 be hitched on the pubis and promontory of the sacrum. In such case, grasp 
 the nates as soon as they have passed the os externum ; and, during a pain, 
 endeavour to dirgct the toes towards either sacro-iliac .synchondrosis. When 
 the fingers can be passed along the body of the child, and over the shoulders 
 to the bend of the elbows, draw down the arms successively. When the body 
 is expelled, and the head filling up the brim, the termination of labour must 
 be accelerated by passing two fingers over the shoulder of the child; using 
 moderate and steady extracting power, whilst one finger of the other hand, 
 passed into the mouth, depresses the chin on the sternum. In this way, the 
 head may be extracted. 
 
 III. IXSTRUMENTIL LABOURS, 
 
 General Observations 
 
 1. Short Forceps . 
 
 2. Long Forceps . 
 
 3. Lever or Vectis . 
 
 4. Fillet and Blunt Hook . 
 
 Or those requiring the Assistance of appropriate Instruments. 
 
 If the pains become feeble, or inadequate from any cause; — or if the presenting 
 part be firmly wedged in the pelvis; or the woman be becoming exhausted, 
 instrumental assistance may be required. In all such cases, place the female 
 on the back or left side, empty the bladder and rectum ; wait till the os uteri 
 is in a fit state; afford assistance during the pains; introduce the instrument 
 during the intervals between the pains; have the patient on her left side 
 (generally) ; and extract according to the axes of brim and outlet, as the case 
 
 , may be. 
 
 I Apply these to the sides of the head of the child, so that the ears and parietal 
 protuberances may be within the fenestrte. Introduce the left-hand blade 
 first: the index and middle fingers of the right hand guiding it to the ear. 
 "With the right hand pass the other in an opposite line, corresponding with 
 the course of the first blade, guided by the fore and middle fingers of the left 
 hand ; the third and little fingers being employed to retain the left-hand blade 
 in place; humour the instrument so as to allow the blades to lock. The 
 handles may now be tied gen tly together. The force used must be from blade 
 to blade, with a gentle, tractile eS'ort. 
 Applicable where the head does not enter the brim. The long forceps must be 
 applied, in most cases, over the occiput and face of the child, so that the 
 convex edges of the blades may be towards the hollow of the sacrum. 
 When used, the power may be exerted from side to side, with moderate 
 traction. 
 The lever is applicable to the same cases as the forceps. It must not be used 
 strictly as a lever, but as a hook with which to draw downwards. It may be 
 applied to any part of the head, but is generally hitched on the occiput, 
 certain cases of breech and knee presentation, where the hand is insufficient, 
 t may be necessary to pass over the joint a fillet, or the blunt hook, with 
 which to exert some force of traction. The operation is very simple. 
 
 ( In certa 
 
 -< it ma; 
 
 (_ which 
 
PARTURITION, DRY 
 
 685 
 
 PASSIVE 
 
 Embetdicia. 
 
 Ststphtsotomy and 
 SAKEAN Section. 
 
 Cje- 
 
 Sepaeation op the Head 
 of the fcetus from the • 
 Body. 
 
 Induction 
 Laeoue. 
 
 OF Premature 
 
 Instrumental Labours. — Continued. 
 
 Disproportionate size of head, or distorted or deformed pelvis, may require the 
 child to be destroyed, and its bulli. lessened ; or the Csesarean section or sym- 
 physotomy, or the induction of premature labour may be called for. 
 
 The instruments required here, are the JPorfirratf/r, Crntcliet. and Craniotomy 
 Forceps. Make a steady pressure on the abdomen; pass two fingers of the 
 left hand up to the head: feel for a suture or fontanelle; introduce the per- 
 forator and bore through, until the progress of theinstrunieflt is arrested by 
 its shoulders. Open the handles, and turn the instrument in different direc- 
 tions, so that the opening may be large enough to admit the perforator, with 
 which the brain must be broken down. 
 
 If, after this, delivery cannot be accomplished without further aid, pass up the 
 craniotomy forceps; open the handles slightly, and introduce the blade 
 without teeth within the cranium. On closing the forceps, ahold is obtained; 
 and a tractile force can now be exerted during the pains, and the extrusion 
 of the child be effected. 
 
 Should great difficulty exist at the brim, the bones at the top of the head may 
 have to be removed, untO the base alone remains. The chin must then be 
 brought through first. 
 
 The crotchet is often used instead of the craniotomy forceps, being passed into 
 the opening made by the perforator, and hooked upon some bony projection 
 in the interior of the skull ; but it is not a good instrument. In presentations 
 of the face demanding perforation of the cranium, the perforator should be 
 introduced just above the nose, in the sagittal suture. 
 
 When it is necessary to open the head after the lower extremities have been 
 L expelled, the perforation must be made behind the ear. 
 
 In cases of great narrowness of the pelvis, the operation of SympJiysotomp has 
 been adopted by French practitioners, — rarely by British or American ; and, 
 in extreme cases, recourse has been had to the C'a;sarean Section. 
 
 If the body of the foetus has been forcibly separated, aud the head left in the 
 uterus, it must be laid hold of with one hand, and the forceps be applied ; or 
 the head be opened and delivered, as under embryulcia. Should the head 
 have been brought away, and the body left behind, the feet must be brought 
 down. 
 
 In cases of narrowness of the pelvis, where the foetus, at the full term, cannot 
 
 be born alive, delivery may be brought about at an earlier period, or as soon 
 
 as the child is capable of carrying on its functions independently of the 
 
 mother. 
 
 - The most advisable plan for accomplishing this object is merely to pass the 
 
 I finger round and round within the os and cervix uteri, so as to detach the 
 decidua; — the membranes being thus left entire, and the life of the child not 
 so much endangered, as where the membranes are punctured, and the waters 
 [ evacuated. Parturition usually follows within forty-eight hours. 
 
 The laying of eggs by animals is termed, in 
 French, ponte. The term has been applied to the 
 periodical discharge — ponte peri o clique — of ova, 
 (F.) Chute des (Eufs, which is supposed to take 
 place from the ovaries at each menstrual period. 
 
 PARTURITION, DRY, Partus siccus. 
 
 PARTURIUM VANUM, Fausse coiiche. 
 
 PARTUS, Parturition — p. Abactio, Abortion 
 — p. Abactus, Abortion — p. Cassareus, Cesarean 
 section — p. Difficilis, Dystocia — p. Laboriosus, 
 Dystocia, Laborious labour — p. Prsecox, Partu- 
 rition (premature) — p. Prsematurus, Parturition 
 (premature] — p. Serotinus, Opsiotocia. 
 
 Partus Siccus, Dry labour or parturition. 
 Labour, which is neither preceded nor attended 
 by a discharge of the liquor amnii. 
 
 PARU'LIS, from para, and ovXov, 'the gum.' 
 Aponte' ma jjarulis seu paroulin, Phlec/'mone Pa- 
 rulis. Gum Boil, Alve'olar abscess. Small ab- 
 scesses are so called which generally form in the 
 alveoli and involve the gums, sometimes with- 
 out any known cause, but which often depend 
 upon carious teeth. 
 
 PARU'RIA, from para, and ovpet-i, 'I pass 
 urine.' Morbid secretion or discharge of urine. 
 
 Paruria Inoontinens, Enuresis — p. Inconti- 
 iiens aquosa, see Diabetes — p. Inops. Ischuria, 
 false — p. Mellita, Diabetes — p. Pvetentionis, Is- 
 churia — p. Retentionis renalis, Ischuria— p. Re- 
 tentionis vesicalis, Retention of urine — p. Stil- 
 latitia, Strangury — p. Stillatitia mucosa, Cystir- 
 
 PARVITAS MORBOSA PARTIUM OR- 
 GANICARUM. Microtesia. 
 
 PAR'YGRON, from para, and 'vypog, 'humid.' 
 A liquid or moist preparation for allaying topical 
 inflammation. 
 
 PAS B'ANE, Tussilago. 
 
 PASMA, Catapasraa. 
 
 PASQUE FLOWER, Anemone Pulsatilla. 
 
 PASSA, Paronychia. 
 
 PASS^ CORINTHIAC^, see Vitis Corin- 
 thiaca. 
 
 PASSAGES, DIGESTIVE, Ways, digestive 
 — p. Second, Ways, second. 
 
 PASSAMBIO, Rio vinaigro. 
 
 PASSE-PIERRE, Crithmum maritimura. 
 
 PASSERAGE, Iberis amara — p. Sauvaye, Car- 
 damine pratensis. 
 
 PASSIBILITY, GREAT, HyporEesthesis. 
 
 PASSIFLO'RA LAURIFO'LIA, Boy-leaved 
 Passion Flower. Orel. Passiflorese. A native 
 of Surinam. The fruit has a delicious smell and 
 flavour, and quenches thirst, abates heat of the 
 stomach, increases the appetite, Ac. 
 
 Passiflora Malifor'mis, Apple-shapied Gra- 
 nadil'la. The fruit of this species is esteemed a 
 delicacy in the West Indies, where it is served 
 up at table in desserts. 
 
 Some of the genus are said to possess narcotic 
 and emetic properties. 
 
 PASSIO, Disease, Passion — p. ^moptoiea, 
 Haemoptysis — p. Cadiva, Epilepsy — p. Cardiac-a, 
 Cardialgia — p. Coeliaea, Cceliac flux — p. Chole- 
 rica. Cholera — p. Felliflua, Cholera — p. ITamop- 
 toica, Heemoptysis — p. Hypochondriaca, Hypo- 
 chondriasis — p. Hysterica, Hysteria — p. Iliaca, 
 Ileus — p. Ischiadica, Neuralgia femoro-poplitsea 
 — p. Pieuritiea, Pleuritis — p. Stomachica, Dys- 
 pepsia — p. Ventriculosa, Coeliac flux — p. Vomi- 
 coflua, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 ■ PASSION, Pas'sio, An'imi Potlie'ma, Affee'tns, 
 Emo'tio, from potior, passiis, 'to sufi'er.' An active 
 affection or emotion of the mindj as rage, ter- 
 ror, love, hatred, &c. 
 
 Passion Flower, Bay-leaved, Passiflora lau- 
 rifolia — p. Hysteriqne, Hysteria — p. Iliac. Ileus. 
 
 PASSIONES ANIMI, Affections of the mind. 
 
 PASSIVE, Passi'vua. Same etymon as Pas- 
 sion. An epithet for diseases which seem owing 
 
PASSULiE MAJORES 
 
 686 
 
 PATELLA 
 
 to a greater or less diminution of the strength, 
 or which are without apparent reaction. Thus, 
 passive hemorrhages are such as supervene in 
 debilitated individuals, or under conditions in 
 which increased action of the arteries can scarcely 
 be presumed. The term passive has, also, been 
 given to aneurisms of the heart with extenuation 
 of the parietes ; in opposition to active aneurisms, 
 with thickness of the parietes — hypertrophy. 
 
 PASSUL^ MAJORES, see Vitis vinifera — 
 p. Minores, see Vitis Corinthiaca. 
 
 PASSULA'TUM, (Uvcb passes, 'raisins, dried 
 grapes.') A medicine in which the pulp of raisins 
 is a chief ingredient. 
 
 PASSY, MINERAL WATERS OF. This vil- 
 lage is in the vicinity of Paris There are seve- 
 ral springs, containing sulphates of lime, iron, 
 and magnesia, alum, common salt, carbonate of 
 iron, carbonic acid, &c. They are employed as 
 a tonic and astringent. 
 
 PASTA DE ALTH^A, Paste, marshmallow 
 — p. Amygdalina, Confection (almond) — p. de 
 Dactylis, Paste, date — p. Emulsiva, Confection 
 (almond) — p. de Jujubis, Paste of jujubes — p. 
 Regia, Confection (almond). 
 
 Pasta Glycyrrhi'z^ Gumma'ta et Anisa'ta 
 seu Massa de extraetn glycyrrhi'za. A compound 
 of extract of liquorice, gum Senegal, sugar, Flo- 
 rence orris-root, and volatile oil of aniseed. De- 
 mulcent. 
 
 Pasta Zinci Chlo'ridi, (F.) Pate de Canquoin, 
 Paste of Chloride of Zinc, Canquoin's Caustic 
 Paste. This paste is made of three strengths, 
 consisting, respectively, of chloride of zinc, 1 
 part; wheaten flour, parts 4, .3 and 2 ; water suffi- 
 cient to make a paste. This caustic destroys the 
 part in a direct ratio with the thickness of the 
 layer applied. 
 
 PASTE, Pasta, (F.) PaLte. A viscid, tenacious 
 mixture. Also, a compound medicine, like the 
 pastil, but less consistent, flexible, less saccha- 
 rine, and more mucilaginous. 
 
 A convenient paste for attaching labels to glass, 
 or for other services, is made of gum tragacanth 
 and tcater, to which alum is added. This the author 
 always keeps by him. Another form is to make a 
 solution of Gum Arabic, ^}, boiling water, f^ijj 
 and glycerin, f^ij ; and another is made by mixing 
 powdered Gum Arabic, and powdered tragacanth, 
 of each ^ss, tcater, f^iss, acetic acid, ■n\^xx. 
 
 Paste, Cagliari, see Turundse Italieae. 
 
 Paste op Chloride op Zinc, Pasta Zinci 
 chloridi. 
 
 Paste, Date, Massa seu Pasta de dae'tylis. 
 Composed of dates, sugar, gum Arabic, loater, and 
 orange-flower loater. — Ph. P. Demulcent. 
 
 Paste of Iceland Moss, Pasta Liche'nis, (F.) 
 Pdte de lichen. A paste made by boiling lichen 
 Islandicus to a proper consistence, and adding 
 gum Arabic and sugar. 
 
 The Pdte de Lichen opiacee contains opium in 
 addition ; about Jd of a grain to an ounce. 
 
 Paste, Italian, see Turundae Italicae. 
 
 Paste op Ju'jubes, Pasta de ju'jubis, Ifassa 
 de zisypho' riini fructu, (F.) Pdte de Jujube. Com- 
 posed of jujubes, gum Senegal, sugar, water, and 
 tincture of lemon-peel. Demulcent. 
 
 Paste, Marshmal'low, Massa de gummi 
 Arab'ieo, Pasta de althm'd, (F.) Pdte de Gui- 
 mauve. A compound of gum Arabic, sugar, lohite 
 of egg, and orange-floioer water. — Ph. P. It is 
 demulcent. 
 
 Paste, Tooth, Dentifricium — p. Vienna, see 
 Powder, Vienna — p. Ward's, Confectio piperis 
 nigri. 
 
 PASTEL, Isatis tinctoria. 
 
 PASTE QUE, Cucurbita citrullus. 
 
 PASTIL, Pastil'lus, Diocres, Avic'ula Gip'ria, 
 
 Cande'la fuma'lis, Phthois, Phthois'cus. A com- 
 pound of aromatic substances in various shapes, 
 used as a fumigating material when set fire to 
 See Fumigation. 
 
 The French use the term Pastille, (L.) Pastil' 
 lus, for a solid, dry, round, oblong, square, or 
 triangular compound, whose base is essential oil, 
 and sugar the excipient. These pastilles are in 
 fact small lozenges, and only differ from the 
 tablette in their smaller size. They are termed, 
 also, Saccharoles solides. 
 
 PASTILLE, see Pastel. 
 
 PASTILLES DIGESTIVES D'EAUTE- 
 RIVE-VIOHY, see Trochisci Sodse bicarbonatis 
 — p. Fumigating, see Fumigation — j). de Vichy, 
 see Trochisci Sodse bicarbonatis. 
 
 PASTILLI DIGESTIVI DARCETII, see 
 Trochisci Sodse bicarbonatis — p. Emetinte Pee- 
 torales, Trochisci emetinse pectorales. 
 
 Pastil'li de Mentha Piperi'ta, Peppermint 
 drops. (Saceh. alb., aqucp. menthcB pip-, aq. des- 
 ctiY^ai. aa,^ij. Boil to the consistence of an elec- 
 tuary. Take of fine white sugar in powder, §iv; 
 volatile oil of peppermint, Jss. Mix, and add 
 the electuary whilst warm. Drop it then on 
 marble, and dry the drops. — Ph. P.) 
 
 PASTILLUS, Pastil. 
 
 PASTINACA ALTISSIMA, P. opoponax— p, 
 Anethum, Anethum graveolens — p. Graveolens, 
 Anethum graveolens — p. Opaca, P. sativa. 
 
 Pastina'ca Opop'anax. Ord. Umbelliferae. 
 The name of the plant which furnishes the Opo- 
 panax. The plant, whence the gum resin is ob- 
 tained, has, also, been called Fer'ula opop'onax 
 seu apop'onax, Pastina'ca altiss'ima, Laserpit'- 
 ium seu Seli'num chiro'nium, Opopana'cum, Pa- 
 nax heracle'um seu costi'num, Pastina'cea, Kyna, 
 Hercides-all-heal, Opop'anaxivort. 
 
 Opopanax, Opopana'cis gummi-resi'na, Gezir, 
 Pop'anax, Gummi Puna'cis, exudes from the roots 
 when wounded. Its odour is strong and pecu- 
 liar; taste, bitter and acrid. It is met with in 
 the shops, in lumps of a reddish-yellow colour, 
 without; white within. It has been recommend- 
 ed as an antispasmodic and emmenagogue ; but 
 is seldom used. Dose, gr. x. to ^jj in powder. 
 
 Pastinaca Pratensis, p. sativa. 
 
 Pastina'ca Sati'va, Elaphobos' cum , Pastinaca 
 sylves'tris seu opa'ca seu praten'sis, Ane'thum 
 seu Seli'num pastina'ca, Ban'ica, Garden pars- 
 nep), (F.) Panais, The root is sweet and nutri- 
 tious, and is in esteem as an article of food. It 
 has been used as a diuretic and demulcent in cal- 
 culous affections, &c. 
 
 Pastinaca Stlvestris, P. sativa — p. Sylves- 
 tris tenuifolia officinarum, Daucus carota. 
 
 PA TA TE, Convolvulus batatas. 
 
 PATCHOULI, Pogostemon patchouli. 
 
 PATE, Paste — p. Arsenicale, Arsenical paste 
 — p. de Canquoin, Pasta Zinci chloridi — p>. Caus- 
 tiquede Vienne, Powder, Vienna — p.de Guimauve, 
 Paste, marshmallow — p. de Jujube, Paste of 
 Jujubes. 
 
 PATEL'LA, Rot'ula, R. genu, Epigon'atis,Epi- 
 gon'tis, Acromy'le, Epigou'nis seu Epigu'nis seu 
 Epigo'nis, Mola seu Concha seu Oc'ulus seu Orbia 
 seu Scutum genu, Os scutifor' me seu disciforme 
 seu thy reo'i'des, Supergenua'lis, Caucalo'i'des, My'- 
 lacris, Myle, Gamba, Olec'ranon mob'ile, (Prov.) 
 Cop bone, (F.) liotule. Diminutive of patera, 
 ' a boil,' so called from its shape. A sort of sesa- 
 moid, flat, short, thick, rounded bone, situate in 
 front of the knee, and enveloped in the substance 
 of the tendon common to the extensor muscles 
 of the leg. The posterior surface of the patella 
 is divided into two facettes, united angularly, 
 which are encrusted with cartilage, and each of 
 which is articulated with one of the condyles of 
 
PATENCY OF THE FORAMEN OVALE 68 7 
 
 PAVILION 
 
 the femur. The patella is developed by a single 
 point of ossification. When the patella is frac- 
 tured, it is difficult to produce bony union. This 
 can only be accomplished by keeping the frac- 
 tured extremities closely in apposition. 
 Patella, Cup — p. Fixa, Olecranon. 
 PATENCY OF THE FORAMEN OVALE, 
 Bee Cyanopathy. 
 
 PATENT MED'ICINE, lledechie hrevetee ou 
 patentee, Remede brevete ou patenle. A medici- 
 nal compound, for the sale of which the proposer 
 obtains from government an exclusive privilege. 
 A specification of his invention must be registered 
 in the Patent Ofiice, and, hence, it differs from 
 a secret medicine. 
 
 PATER OMNIUM VIVENTIUM, Penis. 
 PATERA DIOGENIS, Palm. 
 PATEUX, Clammy. 
 PATHEMA, Afi"ection, Disease. 
 PATHEMATOLOGY, Pathology. 
 PATHET'IC, Pathet'icus, from TTaOcoi, ' I feel.' 
 That which moves the passions. A name given 
 to the superior oblique muscle of the eye, and, 
 also, to a nerve. 
 
 Pathetic Muscle, Oblique superior of the eye. 
 Pathetic Nerve, Nerviis Pathet'icus seu tro- 
 ehlea'ris seu trochleato'rius seu trochlea' tor, the 
 A^th pair of nerves, Par qxiartiim, (F.) Oeido-mus- 
 culaire interne (Ch.), Nerf pathetiqne, is the 
 smallest encephalic nerve. It arises behind the 
 inferior part of the tubercula quadrigemina (testes) 
 at the lateral parts of the valvula Vieussenii. Its 
 roots unite into one thin round cord, which makes 
 a turn upon the peduncles of the brain, and passes 
 into a canal of the dura mater, near the posterior 
 clinoid process. It enters the orbit by the broad- 
 est parts of the sphenoidal fissure, and terminates 
 in the superior oblique muscle of the eye, by divi- 
 ding into several filaments, 
 
 PATHETISM, Magnetism, animaL 
 PATHIC, Morbid. 
 PATHICAL, Morbid. 
 PATHICUS, Morbid. 
 PATHNE, Alveolus. 
 
 PATHOGENET'IC, Pathogenet'ictia, Patho- 
 gen'icHs. Same etymon as Pathogeny. Relating 
 to pathogeny. 
 
 Pathogenetic PHYSioLOGfy, Phy8iolog''ia pa- 
 thogenet'ica. That part of physiology which re- 
 lates to the origin of disease. 
 
 PATHOGENICUS, Pathogenetic. 
 PATHOG"ENY, Pathogen'ia, Nosogen'esis, 
 Nosogen'ia, from iraSo;, 'a disease,' and ytvtatg, 
 'generation.' The branch of pathology which 
 relates to the generation, production and develop- 
 ment of disease. 
 
 PATHOGNOMONIC, Pathognomon'icus, Sig- 
 num conjunc'tum seu characteris'ticum seu niorbi 
 easentia'le ; from ira^g, 'an affection,' and yi- 
 vwuKoi, ' I know.' A characteristic symptom of a 
 disease. 
 
 PATHOG'RAPHY, P allograph' ia, from to- 
 5of, 'disease,' and ypa<pii), 'I describe.' A de- 
 scription of disease. 
 
 PATHOLOGIA, Pathology — p. Humoralis, 
 Humorism — p. Solidaris, Solidism. 
 
 PATHOLOG"ICAL, Patholog"ieus, Pathol'o- 
 gus, (F.) Pathologique. Same etymon as pa- 
 thology. Relating to pathology. Often used in 
 the sense of pathical. 
 
 Pathological Anatomy, see Anatomy. 
 PATHOL'OGIST, Pathol'ogus. Same etymon. 
 One versed in pathology. 
 
 PATHOL'OGY, PathematoVogy, Patholog"ia, 
 Pathematolog"ia, Patholog"ice, from Ta-?oj, * a 
 disease,' and \oyog, 'a. discourse.' The branch 
 of medicine whose object is the knowledge of dis- 
 ease. It has been defined diseased physiology, 
 
 and physiology of disease. It is divided into ge- 
 7ieral and special. The first considers diseases 
 in common; — the second, the particular history 
 of each. It is subdivided into internal and ex- 
 ternal, or medical and surgical. 
 Pathology, Humoral, Humorism. 
 PATHOMA'NIA, Parapathi'a, Moral Tnaa- 
 nity, from na&oi, 'a disease,' and mania. Ma'nia 
 sine Delir'io. A morbid perversion of the natu- 
 ral feelings, affections, inclinations, temper, ha- 
 bits, moral disposition, and natural impulses, 
 without any remarkable disorder or defect of the 
 intellect, or knowing and reasoning faculties, and 
 particularly without any insanity or halluci- 
 nation. 
 
 PATHOMYOTOM'IA; from to 60?, 'affection,' 
 HVi or fivuiv, 'muscle,' and toijt], 'incision.' The 
 title of a work by Dr. John Bulwer (1649), being 
 "a dissection of the significative muscles of the 
 affections of the mind." 
 
 PATHOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia. 
 PATHOS, Affection, Disease. 
 PATIENCE, Rumex patientia — p. d'Eau, 
 Rumex hydrolopathum — p. Garden, Rumex pa- 
 tientia — p. Rouge, Rumex sanguineus — p. Sau- 
 vage, Rumex acutus. 
 PATIENT, see Sick. 
 PATIENT OF DEATH, Agony. 
 PATIENTIA, Rumex patientia. 
 PATIENTI^ MUSCULUS, Levator scapulae 
 PATNE, Alve^^lus. 
 PATOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia. 
 PATOR NA'RIUM. The cavity or the open- 
 ing of the nostrils. 
 
 PATRATIO, Ejaculation, (of sperm.) 
 PATRINIA JATAMANSI, Nardus Indica. 
 PATTE D'OIE (F.), ' Goose's foot.' An apo- 
 neurotic expansion, which covers the internal 
 surface of the tibia at its upper part, and consists 
 of the expansion formed by the tendons of the 
 .sartorius, gracilis, and semi-tendinosus muscles. 
 PATURSA, Syphilis. 
 
 PAU, (CLIMATE OF.) Pau is the capital of 
 the department of the Lower Pyrenees, and is 
 about 150 miles from Bordeaux, and 60 from 
 Bayonne. The climate corresponds with that of 
 the south-west of France generally; its great 
 quality is the comparative mildness of its spring, 
 and exemption from cold winds. It is regarded 
 as a favourable winter residence for invalids la- 
 bouring under chronic affections of the mucous 
 membranes. It is too changeable for the con- 
 sumptive; and to be avoided by the rheumatic. 
 
 PAULLIN'IA. This is an extract from a plant 
 of the same name in Brazil. It is prepared by 
 the Indians, and appears to possess excitant 
 powers. In Brazil, and the neighbouring coun- 
 tries, it is given in the form of tisane — the pow- 
 der being mixed with cocoa — in diarrhoea and 
 dysentery. It has been employed also as a tonic. 
 An extract is prepared in Brazil from Paidlinia 
 sor'hilis, Ord. Sapindaceae, known there under 
 the name of Guarana, which is administered in 
 similar pathological cases. 
 PAUME DE LA MAIN, Palm. 
 PAUNCH, Ingluvies. 
 PAUONTA, Sedatives, 
 PA UPIERE, Palpebra. 
 
 PAUSIME'NIA, from Ttavaig, 'cessation,' and 
 fij;v£j, 'menses.' Cessation of the menses. 
 PAVANA WOOD, Croton tiglium. 
 PA VANNE, Laurus sassafras. 
 PAVIL'ION. The French give the name pa- 
 vilion, to the expanded extremity of a canal or 
 cavity, — for example, of a catheter, sound, &c. 
 
 Pavilion of the Eae, Anric'nla, Pinna, 
 O'tium, Ala, (F.) Anricule ou Ovicide, Pavilion 
 de I'oreille, is seated behind the cheeks, beneath 
 
PAYILLON DE L'OREILLE 688 PECTORA.LIS INTERNUS 
 
 the temple, and anterior to the mastoid process. 
 Its size varies in individuals. It is free above, 
 behind, and below. Anteriorly and within, it is 
 continuous with the neighbouring parts. Its 
 outer surface has several prominences, the Helix, 
 Anthelix, Tragus, Antitragus, and Lohe ; and se- 
 veral cavities — the groove of the Helix, the fossa 
 navicularis sou scnpho'ides, and the Concha. The 
 skin which covers the pavilion is very fine, and 
 studded with a number of sebaceous follicles. 
 The auricle is fixed to the head by three fibro- 
 areolar ligaments; — a sujierior, anterior, and 
 posterior. 
 
 PA VILLON DE U OREILLE, Pavilion of 
 the ear — p. de la Trompe, see Tuba Fallopiana. 
 
 PAVIMENTUM CEREBRI, Base of the 
 brain. 
 
 PAVINA, iEseulus hippocastanum. 
 
 PAVITA'TIO, Tremor ; from pavitare, pavi- 
 tatum, 'to tremble from fear.' Trembling from 
 fright. 
 
 PAVOPHOBIA, Panophobia. 
 
 PAYOR (L.), Dread. Great fright. Pano- 
 phobia. 
 
 Pavo'res Noctur'ni seu Dormien'tiom. Fear 
 during sleep. 
 
 PA VO T, Papaver. 
 
 PAW, Manus. 
 
 PAWPAW, see Carica papaya. 
 
 PAXWAX, see Nucha. 
 
 PAXYWAXY, see Nucha. 
 
 PAZAHAR, Bezoar. 
 
 PEA, Pisum — p. Garden, Pisum — p. Ground 
 Squirrel, JefiFersoniana Bartoni — p. Hoary, Galega 
 Virginiana — p. Love, Abrus precatorius — p. Nut, 
 Arachis hypogea — p. Partridge, Cassia chamse- 
 crista — p. Turkey, Galega Virginiana. 
 
 PEACH BRANDY, Amygdalus Persica — p. 
 Tree, Amygdalus Persica — p. Wood, see Ceesal- 
 pinia. 
 
 PEAGLE, Primula veris. 
 
 PEAR, see Pyrus malus — p. Avocado, Persea 
 gratissima. 
 
 PEARL, Perla, ilar'garon, Blargari'ta, Mar- 
 geVlium, Ilarge'lis, U'nio, (F.) Perle. A round- 
 ish concretion of a silvery white colour, and bril- 
 liant polish, found in several shells, and espe- 
 cially in the Avic'ula viargaritif era, which has, 
 hence, been called Mater perlarwn, Margari'ta, 
 and Mother of pearl, and is much used in the 
 fabrication of handles for surgical instruments, 
 <fcc. Pearls were formerly given in powder as 
 astringents and antacids. They consist of lime 
 and an animal matter. 
 
 Pearl Ash, Potash of commerce. 
 
 Pearl, Mother of, see Pearl — p. White, Bis- 
 muth, subnitrate of. 
 
 PEAU, Cutis — p. Divine, Condom. 
 
 PEA UCIER, Platysma mvoides. 
 
 PECAN or PECCAN NUT, see Hickory, 
 
 PECCANT, Peceans, from peccare, 'to sin.' 
 Morbid, not healthy. An epithet given by the 
 humourists to the humours when erring in quality 
 or quantity. See Materia Morbosa. 
 
 PECHAN, Stomach. 
 
 PECHEDEON, Perinseum. 
 
 PECHEGUERA, A pulmonary affection af- 
 fecting children three or four months old in South 
 America, which is promptly fatal. 
 
 PJ&CHER, Amygdalus Persica. 
 
 PECHIAGRA, Pechyagra. 
 
 PECHING, Anhelatio. . 
 
 PECHU'RIM seu PICHU'RIM CORTEX. A 
 highly aromatic bark, the produce of a species of 
 laurus. It is extremely fragrant, like cinnamon, 
 which it greatly resembles in its properties. In 
 Portugal it is used in the cure of dysentery, &c. 
 See Pichurim beans. 
 
 PECH'YAGRA, Pech'iagra, Ancon'agra, Pec- 
 
 tihagra, from ttvX^^' '*'^^ elbow,' and aypa, *a 
 seizure.' Gout affecting the elbow. 
 PECHYS, Elbow. 
 PECHYTYRBE, Porphyra nautica. 
 PECKISH, Hungry. 
 PECTE, Cheese. 
 
 PECTEN, Pubes. Also, a comb. 
 Pecten Dentium, see Sepes — p. Veneris, 
 Scandix cerefolium. 
 
 PECTIHAGRA, Pechyagra. 
 PECTIN, from zriKTos, 'coagulated, curdled.' 
 A name given by Braconnot to a principle which 
 forms the basis of vegetable jelly. It is exten- 
 sively difi'used in the juices of pulpy fruits and 
 roots, especially when they are mature ; and oc- 
 casions these juices to coagulate when they are 
 mixed with alcohol or boiled with sugar. 
 
 It is the basis of one of the classes of elemen- 
 tary principles of Dr. Pereira — the pectiiiaceous. 
 
 PECTINACEOUS, Pectinous. 
 
 PECTINA'LIS, from pecten, peciinis, 'the 
 pubes;' Pectina'us, Miis'culus liv'idus, Pectinn'- 
 tus, (F.) Puhio- femoral, Siispuhio-femoral (Ch.), 
 Pectine. This muscle is situate at the inner and 
 upper part of the thigh. It is long, flat, and tri- 
 angular ; is attached, above, to the space which 
 separates the ileo-pectineal eminence from the 
 spine of the os pubis; and, below, by a flat ten- 
 don, to the oblique line which descends from the 
 lesser trochanter to the linea aspera. The pecti- 
 nalis bends the thigh on the pelvis, and carries 
 it outwards in adduction and rotation. It may 
 also bend the pelvis on the thigh. 
 
 PECTINATED, Pectina'tua, Pectin'iform, 
 Pec'tinate, (F.) Pectine, from pecten, pectinis, 
 'a comb.' Having the shape of the teeth of a 
 comb. 
 
 Pectinated Muscles, Pecitna'?! mws'cji??. The 
 fascicular texture observed in the right auricle 
 of the heart: — Mus'culi Auric' ula Pectina'ti. 
 Their main use probably is — to prevent the over 
 dilatation of the auricles. 
 
 PECTINATUS, Pectinalis. 
 
 PECTINE, Pectinalis, Pectinated. 
 
 PECTINEUS, Pectinalis. 
 
 PECTINIFORM, Pectinated. 
 
 PECTINOUS, Pectina'ceus, Pectino'sus, Pec- 
 tina' ceous, from pectin. Of or belonging to pec- 
 tin or vegetable jelly, — as & pectinous or pectina- 
 ceous vegetable principle. 
 
 PECTORAL, from pectus, pectoris, 'the 
 breast.' Relating to the breast. See Pectorals. 
 
 PECTORAL, GRAND, Pectoralis major. 
 
 PECTORALS, Corset. 
 
 PECTORALIS INTERNUS, Triangularis 
 sterni. 
 
 Pectora'lts MA30'R,fTQ'm pectus, pectoris, 'the 
 breast.' Pectora'lis, Sterno-cleido-hrachia'lis, 
 (F.) Sterno-costo-clavio-humeral, Sterno-humeral 
 (Ch.), Grand Pectoral. A large, flat, triangular 
 muscle, situate at the anterior part of the chest, 
 before the axilla. It is attached, on the one 
 hand, by means of aponeurotic fibres, to the inner 
 half of the anterior edge of the clavicle ; to the 
 anterior surface of the sternum, and to the carti- 
 lages of the first six true ribs ; — on the other, by 
 a strong tendon, which is inserted at the anterior 
 edge of the bicipital groove of the humerus. The 
 use of this muscle is to move the arm in various 
 directions. If it be hanging by the side of the 
 body, it carries it inwards and a little forwards. 
 When the arm is raised, it depresses it and car- 
 ries it inwards. It can, also, move it in rotation 
 inwards. If the humerus be raised and fixed, 
 the pectoralis major draws the trunk towards the 
 upper extremity. 
 
 Pectora'lis Minor, Scrra'tus anti'cus minor, 
 (F.) Costo-coraco'idien (Ch.), Petit Pectoral, Petit 
 
PECTORALS 
 
 689 
 
 PEDUNCLE 
 
 denfele antei-ieiir. This muscle is situate beneath 
 the preceding, at the anterior and upper part of 
 the chest. It is flat and triangular; is attached 
 by its base, which appears digitated, to the upper 
 edge and outer surface of the 3d, 4th, and 5th 
 true ribs, and is inserted at the anterior part of 
 the coracoid process. The pectoralis minor draws 
 the scapula forwards and downwards, and makes 
 it execute a rotatory motion, by virtue of which 
 its inferior angle is carried backwards, and the 
 anterior depressed. When the shoulder is fixed, 
 it elevates the ribs to which it is attached, and 
 aids in the dilatation of the chest. 
 
 PECTORALS, Pectora'Ua, Thorac"ica. Me- 
 dicines considered proper for relieving or remo- 
 ving aifections of the chest. 
 
 Pectoral Dkops, Bateman's, consist chiefly 
 of tincture of castor, with some camphor and opi- 
 nm, flavoured by aniseed. Gray gives the follow- 
 ing formula: Castor, ^y, ol. anisi, ^j ; caniph. 
 3v ; cocci, ^iss ; opii, ^vj ; proof spiirit, a gallon. 
 
 A form, advised by a committee of the Phila- 
 delphia College of Pharmacy, is the following: — 
 Alcohol, dil. cong. iv ; Santal. riibr. ras. ^j; di- 
 gere per boras xxiv; cola, et adde Pulv. opii, 
 Palv. catechu, Camphorcs, aa ^ij ; 01. anisi, ^iv. 
 Digest for ten days. 
 
 PECTORILOQUE,hom pectus, pectoris, 'the 
 chest,' and loqui, 'to speak.' One, according to 
 Laennec, who presents the phenomenon o{ Pecto- 
 riloqnism. Also, a stethoscope. 
 
 PECTORILOQUJE, Pectoriloquy— ;j. Chiv- 
 rotante, Egophony. 
 
 PECTORILOQUOUS BRONCHOPHONY, see 
 Pectoriloquy. 
 
 PECT0RIL'0QUY,Pec«on7'ogK/s)n,Cou'erno«s 
 voice, Pectorilo'quia, (F.) Pectoriloqnie, Voix cn- 
 verneuse, V. artieulee. Same etymon. Speech 
 or voice coming from the chest. Laennec has 
 designated, by this name, the phenomenon often 
 presented by consumptive individuals, when their 
 chests are examined with the stethoscope. The 
 voice seems to issue directly from the chest, and 
 to pass through the central canal of the cylinder, 
 — a phenomenon owing to the voice resounding 
 ill the anfractuous cavities, produced in the lungs 
 by the suppuration or breaking down of tuber- 
 cles, which constitute abscesses or nlcers of the 
 lunfjs. By some, it is not separated from bron- 
 chophony, having been termed, at times, stronc/ 
 hronchophony, and pectoril'oqtio^is bronchophony. 
 See Laryngophony. Whispering jyectoriloquy is 
 that produced by the whispering of the patient. 
 
 PECTORO'SUS, from jijec^^s, pectoris, 'the 
 chest.' One who has a broad chest. 
 
 PECTUS, Sternum, Thorax — p. Carinatum, 
 see Carina and Lordosis. 
 
 PECULIUM, Penis. 
 
 PEDAGRA, Potassas supertartras impurns. 
 
 PEDAL, Peda'lis, from pes, pedis, ' the foot.' 
 Relating to the foot : — as 
 
 Pedal ApoNEURo'sis,(F.)^^jo»puro«ej)ecZ/e7(se. 
 A thin, aponeurotic layer, which invests the ex- 
 tensor brevis digitorum pedis, and separates the 
 tendons of the foot from each other. 
 
 PEDBELLY, Physconia. 
 
 PEDES, Genital organs. 
 
 PEDESrS, Pulsation. 
 
 PEDETHMOS, Pulsation. 
 
 PEDIAL'GIA, Pedional'gia, PedionetiraV gia, 
 from irdiov, 'the sole of the foot,' and aXyo^, 
 'pain.' Pain in the sole of the foot. Neuralgia 
 of the foot in general. An affection of this kind, 
 under the name Pedionalgie, prevailed in 1762 
 at Savigliano in Piedmont, and in 1S06 amongst 
 the military at Padua. 
 
 PEDICLE, VITELLINE, see Vesicula umbi- 
 licalis. 
 
 PEDICULARIA, Delphinium staphisagria. 
 44 
 
 PEDICULATIO, Phtheiriasis. 
 
 PEDIC'ULUS, Phtheir, Louse, (Prov.) Biddy, 
 (F.) Pou. Diminutive of pes, pedis, 'a foot,' 
 from its having many feet. A genus of 
 parasitic insects. The human body is infested 
 with three kinds: the Body-louse, or Clothes- 
 louse, Pedic'ulus vestirnen'ti, (F.) Pou de corps ; 
 the Head-louse, Pedic'ulus cap'itis, (F.) Pou de 
 la tete, which lives in the hair; the Crab-louse, 
 Mor'pio, Fera'lis pedic'ulus, Plnt'ula, Phthi'rius 
 inguina'lis, Pedic'ulus Pubis, (F.) 3forpion, which 
 infests the hair of the pubes. Infusion of to- 
 bacco, or mercurial ointment, or ointment of white 
 precipitate of mercury, or the white or red pre- 
 cipitate of mercury, readily destroys them. The 
 louse occurring in phtheiriasis, 2>edic'ulus tabes- 
 cen'tium, differs from the common louse. — Vogel. 
 
 Pedicdlus Capitis, see Pediculus — p. Pubis, 
 Crab-louse — p. Tabescentium, see Pediculus — p. 
 Vestimenti, see Pediculus. 
 
 PEDICURE, Chiropodist. 
 
 PEDICUS, Extensor brevis digitorum pedis. 
 
 PEBIEUX (muscle), Extensor brevis digito- 
 rum pedis. 
 
 PEDIGAMBRA, Ysambra. 
 
 PEDILAN'THUS TITHYMALOI'DES, Eu- 
 phor'bia lithymaloides seu myrtifo'lia, Jew bush. 
 Order, EuphorbiaccEe, grows in various parts of 
 the West Indies. The practitioners of Curacoa 
 give a decoction in venereal cases. It is also 
 used in domestic practice, in amenorrhoea. It is, 
 moreover, known and used as Ipecacuanha. — 
 Lindley. 
 
 PEDILU'VIUM, from pedes, 'the feet,' and 
 lavo, 'I wash.' Lavipe'dium, (F.) Pediluve, Bain 
 de pied. A bath for the feet. See Bath. 
 
 PEDION, Sole. 
 
 PEDIONALGIA, Pedialgia. 
 
 PEDIONEURALGIA, Pedialgia. 
 
 PEDIUM, Tarsus. 
 
 PEDONCULE, Peduncle. 
 
 PEDONCULES DU OERVEAU, Peduncles 
 of the brain — p. du Cervelet, Corpora restiformia 
 — p. du Conarium, Peduncles of the pineal gland 
 — p. de la Glande pineale, Peduncles of the 
 pineal gland. 
 
 PEDORA. The sordes of the eyes, ears, and 
 feet. 
 
 PED'UNCLE, Pedun'cnlus, (F.) PMuncule, 
 from pes, pedis, 'a foot.' This term has been ap- 
 plied to different prolongations or appendices of 
 the encephalon. 
 
 Peduncles of the Brain, Pedun'euli seu 
 Crura seu Caudex cer'ebri, called, also, Crura 
 anterio'ra medul'lm oblonga'tce, (F.) Pedoncnles 
 du Cerveau, are two white cords, about |ths of 
 an inch in diameter, on the outside of the corpora 
 albicantia. They arise from the medullary sub- 
 stance of the brain, and gradually approach, till 
 they join the tuber annulare. They are formed, 
 internally, of a mixture of cineritious and medul- 
 lary matter; the former of which, being of a 
 darker colour at one part than in any other part 
 of the brain, has been called Locus niger crurum 
 cerebri, Substan'tia nigra pedun'euli. 
 
 Peduncles op the CEREBELLUjr, Pedun'euli 
 seu Crura cerehel'li, called, also. Crura posterio'ra, 
 are six in number, three on each side — a superior, 
 a middle, and an inferior. The superior pedun- 
 cles are generally known as the Processus ccre- 
 helli ad testes. Crura cerehel'li ad cor'pora quad- 
 rigem'ina, Bra'chia cojndati'va: the inferior are 
 the Processus cerebelli ad medullam oblongatam ; 
 and the middle are called, also, Cerebel'lar ped'un- 
 clea — Proces'sHs seu Crura cerehel'li ad pontem, 
 Brn'chia pontis. 
 
 Peduncles, Inferior, of the Cerebellxim, 
 
PEDUNCULUS 
 
 690 PELVI-TROCHANTERIAN 
 
 Corpora restiformia — p. of the Medulla oblongata, 
 Corpora restiformia. 
 
 Peduncles of the Pine'al Gland, PeduneuU 
 cona'rii, (P.) Pedoneules de la glande pineide, P. 
 dii Oonarium, are two medullary bands or strips, 
 ■which seem to issue from the pineal gland, and 
 proceed on each side upon the upper and inner 
 region of the optic thalami. See Pineal Gland. 
 
 Pedunculi Cerebrlli, Peduncles of the Cere- 
 bellum — p. Cerebri, Peduncles of the brain — p. 
 Conarii, Peduncles of the pineal gland, see Pineal 
 gland — p. Medullse oblongatae, Corpora resti- 
 formia. 
 
 PEDUNCULUS, Peduncle. 
 
 PEGA. Canthus (lesser). 
 
 PEGANEL^'ON, Oleum rtifa'ceum, O'leum 
 riifte, from ^iiyavov, 'rue,' and eXaiov, 'oil.' Oil 
 of Paie. 
 
 PEGANUM, Ruta. 
 
 PEGMIN, Corium phlogisticum. 
 
 PEINE, Hunger. 
 
 PEIXOTHERAPIA, Limotherapeia. 
 
 PEIRA, Effort, Experience, Nisus. 
 
 PELA'DA, (P.) Pelade. A word of uncertain 
 origin, applied to alopecia, especially to that re- 
 sulting from syphilis. See Alopecia. 
 
 PELA'GIA. A kind of scaly erysipelas of the 
 hands — sometimes of the legs, at others, of the 
 face. Pellagra [?]. 
 
 PELAGRA, Pellagra. 
 
 PELARGO'NIUM ANCEPS, Peris'tera an- 
 cejjs. A South African plant, A^at. Ord. Gera- 
 niacefe, the decoction of which is used by the 
 Malays in amenorrhoea, and to promote parturi- 
 tion and abortion. 
 
 PELARGONiDjr Antidysenter'icttm, Jenhinso'- 
 nia antidysenter' ica. This South African plant is 
 used by the natives in dysentery. It is boiled in 
 milk. 
 
 Pelargo'ni0M Cuculla'tum. Common along 
 the side of the Table Mountain. It has been re- 
 comtnended in decoction as an enema in colic, 
 nephritis, and suppression of urine. It is an ex- 
 cellent emollient, and was formerly exported to 
 Holland under the name Herha AlthcB'm. 
 
 Pblargo'nium Triste, Polyac'tium triste. The 
 root of this plant, which grows at the Cape of 
 Good Hope, is somewhat astringent, and is used 
 there in diarrhoea and dysentery, and as an an- 
 thelmintic. 
 
 PEL'ICAN, Pelica'nus, Peleca'nus, Pel'ecan, 
 Pel'ecas, vcXekuv, from reXeKaoi, 'I cleave.' An 
 instrument, curved at the end like the beak of a 
 pelican. Its use is to extract teeth. 
 
 PELI'CIDE, Pelu'de, Mel coe'tum. BoUed 
 honey. — Ruland and Johnson. 
 
 PELICOMETER, Pelvimeter. 
 
 PELIDNOMA, Ecchymoma, Pelioma. 
 
 PELTO'MA, Pelidno'ma from t£>"c, 'black.' 
 A livid ecchymosis. — Forestus. See Ecchymoma. 
 
 P:^LI0SE, Purpura. 
 
 PELIOSIS, Purpura haamorrhagica — p. Rheu- 
 matica, see Purpura simplex. 
 
 PELLA, Cutis, Prepuce. 
 
 PEL'LAGRA, Pel'agra, Tchthyo'sis seu Taher 
 sen Impeti'ijo Pellagra, Elephanli'asis Ital'ica, 
 Lepra Mediolanen' sis sen Lombard'tca, Scorhu'- 
 tiis alpi'nus, 3fa'nia pella'gria, Erythe'ma endem'- 
 icnm seu pel'lagrum, Ineolazione de Primavera, 
 Male del Sole, Dermat'agra, Erysip' elasperiod' ica 
 nervo'sa chron'ica, Paral'ysis scorhu'tica, Scurvy 
 of the Alps, (P.) Mai de misire, Scorhut des 
 Alpes; from tteXAo, [?] ' skin,' and aypa, 'seizure.' 
 A disease, particularly noticed among the Milan- 
 ese, which consists in the skin becoming covered 
 with wrinkles, and assuming a scaly appearance, 
 especially in the parts exposed to the air. The 
 strength diminishes, the intellectual faculties and 
 
 sensations become obscure, and cramps, convul- 
 sions, and other lesions of muscular contractility 
 supervene. It is a singular endemic affection, 
 and has been supposed to follow everywhere the 
 introduction of Indian corn: hence the name 
 Eapha'nia ma'iz'tica, given to it by some of the 
 Italian physicians. 
 
 An affection endemic in the Asturias is said to 
 be a variety of pellagra. It is the Hosa seu Lepra 
 Astii'ricn, 3fal de la Rosa. 
 
 PELLENS, itova pellere, 'to drive.' Driving; 
 impelling. 
 
 Pellen'tia Medicamen'ta are medicines that 
 promote the occurrence of the menstrual or hae- 
 morrhoidal flux. 
 
 PELLICULA OVI, Membrana putaminis — p. 
 Summa, Epidermis — p. Superior, Epidermis. 
 
 PELLICULA CORDIS, Ostiola cordis. 
 
 PELLIS, Cutis — p. Summa, Epidermis. 
 
 PELLITORT, Xanthoxylum fraxineura — p. 
 American, Parietaria Pennsylvanica — p. Bastard, 
 Achillea ptarmica — p. of Spain, Anthemis pyre- 
 thrum — p. Wall, Parietaria. 
 
 PELMA, Sole. 
 
 PELOH^'MIA, (F.) PeloUmie, from r,,Xoy, 
 'dirt,' and 'aifia, 'blood.' A condition of the 
 blood in which it is thick, syrupy, and of a very 
 dark colour — as in diseases of the blood, gan- 
 grene, &c. 
 
 PELOR, Monster. 
 
 PELORIA, Monster. 
 
 PELORIUM, Monster. 
 
 PELORUM. Monster. 
 
 PELOTE DE MER, Pil a marina. 
 
 PELTALIS seu PELTATUS CARTILAGO, 
 Thyroid cartilage. Xiphoid cartilage. 
 
 PELTAN'DRA VIRGIN'ICA, from vc\tv, 
 ' a target,' and avrip, ' for anther,' from the shield- 
 shaped stamens. Arnm Virgin'ictini, Calla seu 
 Lecon'tia seu Rensselaeria Virgin' ica, Arroio 
 Arum, Taraho, Wampee ; indigenous; of the 
 Order Araceje. The fresh roots and seeds are 
 acrid stimulants, like Arum. 
 
 PELTIDEA AMPLISSIMA, Lichen caninus 
 — p. Aphthosa, Lichen aphthosus — p. Canina, 
 Lichen caninus — p. Leucorrhiza, Lichen caninus 
 — p. Malacca, Lichen caninus — p. Spuria, Lichen 
 caninus. 
 
 PELTIGERA CANINA, Lichen caninus. 
 
 PELUDE, Pelicide. 
 
 PELVIC, Pel'vicHS, Pelvi'mis, (F.) Pelvien, 
 from pelvis. Belonging or relating to the pelvis. 
 
 Pelvic Aponeuro'sis, (F.) Aponevrose pel- 
 vienne. A tendinous lamina, given off from the 
 sides of the pelvis, and from the entire circum- 
 ference of the brim, which passes into and lines 
 the pelvis, and is soon divided into two distinct 
 layers; — one external, the lateral jjelvic or obtu- 
 rator fascia, which continues to line the sides of 
 the pelvis, and covers the obturator internus 
 muscle; the other, internal or superior, which 
 passes inwards upon the side of the prostate, 
 bladder, and rectum in the male, and of the 
 bladder, vagina, and rectum in the female, in 
 order to form the floor of the pelvis. 
 
 Pelvic Catity, (F.) Cavite pelvienne. Tie 
 cavity of the pelvis. 
 
 Pelvic Members. The lower extremities. 
 
 Pelvic Surface of the Il'ium. That which 
 faces the pelvic cavity. 
 
 PELVICULA OCULI, Orbit. 
 
 PELVID'YMUS, (F.) Pelvidyme, from pelvis, 
 and SiSvfiog, ' a twin.' A monster united at the 
 pelvis, and double above. 
 
 PELVI-TROCHANTE'RIAN, Pelvi-trocTian- 
 teria'nus. That which relates to the pelvis and 
 great trochanter. The Pelvi-troehanterian re- 
 gion is formed by the muscles — pyramidalis, two 
 obturators, gemini, and quadratus femoria — which 
 
PEL YIEN 
 
 691 
 
 PENDULUM PALATI 
 
 pass from the pelvis to the digital cavity of the 
 great trochanter. 
 PEL VI EN, Pelvic. 
 
 PELVIM'ETER, PeUjcom'eter, Pelyom'eter, 
 Pelicom'eter, Pyelom'eter, (F.) Pelvimitre, from 
 pelvis, and nerpov, ' a measure.' A barbarous hy- 
 brid. This name has been given to different in- 
 struments, invented for measuring the diameters 
 of the pelvis, and particularly the antero-posterior 
 or fore-and-aft diameter of the brim: — Pelvim'- 
 etry, (P.) Pelvimetrie. Two have been chiefly 
 employed, especially by French practitioners: — 
 the Compas d'epnisseur, and the Pelvimeter of 
 Coutouly. 1. The Gompas d'epaisseur or Cal'- 
 lijjers of Baudelocque, is formed like a pair of 
 compasses — with blunt extremities — the branches 
 of which can be moved at will. One of these is 
 applied to the symphysis pubis, and the other on 
 the sacrum. About three inches must be de- 
 ducted from this measurement for the thickness 
 of the mons veneris, pubis, and the base of the 
 sacrum. 2. The Pelvimeter of Coutouly resem- 
 bles the instruments used by shoemakers for mea- 
 suring the length of the foot. The two branches 
 are introduced, in a state of approximation, into 
 the vagina, and then separated, so that one touches 
 the promontory of the sacrum, the other comes 
 behind the os pubis. It is a barbarous contri- 
 vance, and its introduction ought never to be at- 
 tempted on the living subject. It does not, indeed, 
 seem possible to introduce it without mischief. 
 
 The finger is, decidedly, the best pelvimeter, 
 and by it we can judge whether the base of the 
 sacrum be unusually prominent. Measurement 
 of the pelvis by the hand has been called Pely- 
 cocMrometre' sis ; from -ncKvi,, ' the pelvis,' ;^£«/), 
 ' the hand,' and lisrpov, 'measure.' 
 PELVIMETRY, see Pelvimeter. 
 PELVIS, Oho'ana, Py'elos, Lec'ane, (F.) Bas- 
 ein ; so called from tteXuj, and TrcXXif, 'a basin,' 
 because fancied to be shaped like an ancient 
 basin. The part of the trunk which bounds the 
 abdomen below. It is a large, bony, irregular, 
 conoidal cavity, — open above and below, — which 
 supports and contains a part of the intestines, 
 and the urinary and genital organs; and serves, 
 at the same time, as a fixed point for the articu- 
 lation of the lower limbs, the attachment of their 
 muscles, and the execution of their movements. 
 The pelvis supports, behind, the vertebral column, 
 and is sustained, before, by the ossa femorum. 
 It is situate, in the adult, near the middle part 
 of the body, and is composed of four broad, flat, 
 unequally thick bones, differing much in their 
 shape, size, and arrangement, which touch, are 
 articulated at some part of their surface, and in- 
 timately united by means of a number of liga- 
 mentous fascife. Of these bones, two are behind, 
 on the median line, — the sacrum and the coccyx ; 
 the two others are before and at the sides, — the 
 ilia. They are fellows, and unite, before, with 
 each other. The most important parts of the 
 pelvis, in an obstetrical point of view, are the 
 hrim and the outlet. The BRisr, Angus'tia abdo- 
 mina'lis, Intro'itus, Apertu'ra pelvis supe'rior, 
 Upper Opening or strait of the Cavity of the Pel- 
 vis, (F.) Detroit snperieur, D. abdominal, is the 
 narrow part which separates the greater pelvis 
 from the less — the/a/se from the true. Pelvis vera 
 seu minor. In the well-formed woman it is ellip- 
 tical, and slightly inclined forwards. Its antero- 
 posterior, sacro-piuhic or con'jugate diameter, in a 
 standard pelvis, measures 4^ inches, but with the 
 soft parts, 3f inches ; its transverse or iliac or 
 lateral, b\ inches, but with the soft parts 4 
 inehes : a-nd its oblique, Diameter of Deventer, 
 with the soft parts, 4f inches. The Outlet, 
 Ex'itus, Inferior opening or strait, Angus'tia 
 verinma'lis, (F.) Detroit inferieur, D. perineal, 
 
 forms the lower aperture of the pelvis. The 
 antero-posterior diameter is here, on account of 
 the mobility of the coccyx, 5 inches : the lateral, 
 4 inches. The Axis op thk Pelvis is important 
 to be known in obstetrics. The Axis of the Brim 
 is indicated by a straight line drawn from the 
 umbilicus to the apex of the coccyx; — the Aj:is 
 of the Outlet by a line drawn from the first bone 
 of the sacrum to the entrance of the vagina. An 
 imaginary curved line which indicates the direc- 
 tion of the canal of the pelvis, has occasionally 
 been termed the curve of Cams, in conseqence 
 of its having been pointedly described by the 
 German obstetrician. 
 
 Pelvis Auridm, Cochlea — p. Cerebri, Infundi- 
 bulum of the brain. 
 
 Pelvis of the Kidney, Pelvis rena'Us seu 
 renum, Sinus, Venter seu Alvus Renum, (F.) Bas- 
 sinet. This is a small, membranous pouch, occu- 
 pying the posterior part of the fissure of the 
 kidney. It is placed behind the renal artery 
 and vein; is elongated from above to below; 
 flattened from before to behind; irregularly oval 
 in figure; and, below, contracts considerably, to 
 be continuous with the ureter. It receives the 
 orifices of the infundibula, which pour the urine 
 secreted in the kidney into its cavity. 
 
 Pklvis Minor, Pelvis — p. Ocularis, Scaphium 
 oculare — p. Renalis, Pelvis of the kidney — p. 
 Renum, Pelvis of the kidney — p. Vera, Pelvis. 
 PELYCOCHIROMETRESIS, see Pelvimeter. 
 PELYCOMETER, Pelvimeter. 
 PELYOMETER, Pelvimeter. 
 ^EM'MICAN or PEM'ICAN. Meat cured, 
 pounded, and mixed with fat. It has been much 
 used as nutriment on long overland journeys. 
 
 PEMPHIGO'DES, Pemph'igoid, (F.) Pemphi- 
 gode, from -rrciKpi^, 'a blister,' and clSo;, 'form.' 
 An epithet given by the ancients to the fever that 
 accompanies pemphigus. 
 
 PEM'PHIGUS, Emphly'sis Pem'phigus, Pom'- 
 pJioly.r, from ttsjjkPi^, TTc:n<ptyo;, ' a blister ;' Febris 
 bullo'sa seu vesicida'ris seu ampullo'sa seu ^jem- 
 phigo'des seu pemphingo' des, Exanthe'ma serosum, 
 Morta, Pem'phigus morta seu Helvet'icus seu 
 major seu minor, Morbus bullo'sus seu vesicula'ris 
 seu ompuUa'ceus, Pemphinx, Pemphix, Pemphyx, 
 Typhus vesietda'ris, Vesic'ular Fever, Bladdery 
 Fever, Water-blebs, (F.) Fievre bulleuse ou vesic- 
 vlaire, ilaladie bulleuse. A disease, defined to 
 consist of vesicles, scattered over the body ; trans- 
 parent, filbert-sized, with a red, inflamed edge, 
 but without surrounding blush or tumefaction ; 
 on breaking, disposed to ulcerate ; fluid, pellucid 
 or slightly coloured ; fever, typhous. It is doubt- 
 ful whether any such idiopathic fever have ever 
 existed: the probability is, that the fever and 
 vesications have been an accidental complication. 
 Cullen thinks the Pemphigus Helveticus must 
 have been malignant sore throat. If, however, 
 ■such a distinct disease did exist, it was probably 
 only as an endemico-epidemic. 
 
 Pemphigus Gangrainosa, Rupia escharotica — 
 p. Hungaricus, see Anthrax — p. Infantilis, Rupia 
 escharotica — p. Major, Pemphigus — p. Minor, 
 Pemphigus — p. Morta, Pemphigus — p. Vario- 
 lodes, see Varicella. 
 
 PEMPHINX, Pemphigus. 
 PEMPHIX, Pemphigus. 
 PEMPHYX, Pemphigus. 
 PEMPT^A FEBRIS. Quintan. 
 PENJEA MUCRONATA, see Sarcocolla — p. 
 Sarcocolla, Sarcocolla. 
 PENCHE, Abdomen. 
 
 PENCIL-LIKE PROCESSES, Styloid pro- 
 cesses. 
 
 PENDULOUS ABDOMEN, Physconia. 
 PENDULUM PALATI, Velum pendulum 
 palati. 
 
PENETRATING 
 
 69 2 
 
 PEPSIN 
 
 PEN'ETRATINGr, Pen'etrans, froL penetrare, 
 penetratum, {penitns intrare,) 'to go into.' A 
 wound is so called which penetrates one of the 
 great splanchnic cavities — Viilnus penetrans. 
 
 A medicine is, also, so called, which is supposed 
 to pass through the pores, and stimulate. 
 PBNICILLUM, Compress, Penicillus. 
 PENICIL'LUS, FeniciUiim, Penio'ulus, 'a 
 painter's brush;' diminutive of penis, 'a tail.' A 
 tent or pledget. A pessary. The secreting glandi- 
 form extremities of the vense portse, {Ac"ini 
 hilio'si) have been so termed, as well as the 
 villous textures. 
 Penicillus, Tent. 
 PENICULUM, Compress. 
 PEjSriCULUS, Penicillus, Tent. 
 PENIDE, Penidium. 
 PENIDES, Saccharura hordeatum. 
 PENID'IUM, Penidium sacchara'tum, from 
 penis, 'a tail,' from the shape [?], (F.) Penide, 
 Sucre tors. A kind of clarified sugar, made up into 
 rolls. Barley sugar. It is demulcent; see Sac- 
 charum hordeatum. 
 
 PENIL, Mons veneris. 
 
 PENIS, 'a tail.' Caulis, Coles, Orndes, Caulos, 
 Men'tula, Mentn, PhaU'us, Farcif'ern, Postke, 
 Pros'thium, Orithe, Gor'yne, Vomer, Pater om' - 
 nium viven'trum, Pria'pns, Virgn, V. viri'lis', V. 
 genita'lis, Vere'trum, Satlie, Jfembrum viri'le 
 seu Seminole seu genitnle viro'rum, Iforion, 
 Gi/on, Sic'ula, Tentum, JIasta, H. nuptia'lis, H. 
 viri'lis, Vas, Vas'eulumyPecu'liam, Vir'gula, Vir, 
 Thyrsus, Tensus, Clavus, Cauda salax, Cauda, 
 Fas'cinum, F. viri'le, Muto, Nernus, N. fistulo'sus 
 seu fistula'ris seu jnveni'lis, Per'tica per se, 
 Scapus, Leco, Curcu'lio, Vena, Contus, Tehim, 
 Gurgu'lio, Sceptrum, Arma, Gla'dins, Lu'hricum, 
 Caput, Muti'nxim, Palus, Pes'sulus, Radix, Ramus, 
 Rutab'ulum, Arma Ventris, Colnmna adstans in- 
 guin'ibus, Columna, Pyr'amis, Trahs, Spina, Cata- 
 pulta viri'lis, Verpa, JfarhcF,'ra, Taurus; the 
 Yard, Male organ, &c. (F.) Verge, llembre viril. 
 This organ, the use of which is to carry the semi- 
 nal fluid into the female organs of generation, is 
 cylindroid, long, and erectile, and situate before 
 and beneath the symphysis pubis. In the ordi- 
 nary state, it is soft and pendent in front of the 
 scrotum. During erection, it becomes elongated, 
 upright, and assumes a triangular shape. Its 
 tipper surface is called the Dorsum penis, (F.) 
 Dos de la verge; and, at its anterior surface, 
 there is a longitudinal projection formed by the 
 canal of the urethra. The two sides of the penis 
 are round, and its posterior extremity or root is 
 attached to the pelvis. Its anterior extremity is 
 free, and presents the glans, prepuce, and orifice 
 of the urethra. The penis is formed of the cor- 
 pora cavernosa, the principal seat of erection ; 
 the corpus spongiosum of the urethra, for the 
 conveyance of the urine and sperm ; and of the 
 glans, -which terminates the canal. The Arteries 
 of the penis are branches of the internal pudlc. 
 The Veins correspond with tlie arteries. The 
 Nerves are from the internal pudic. 
 
 Penis Cerebri, Pineal gland — p. Femineus, 
 Clitoris — p. Lipodermus, Paraphimosis — p. Mulie- 
 bris, Clitoris. 
 
 PENNATUS, Penniform. 
 
 PEN'NIFORM, Pennifor'mis, Penna'tus, from 
 penna, 'a pen,' and forma, 'form.' An epithet 
 for muscles whose fleshy fibres are inserted at 
 the side of a middle tendon, like the feathers of 
 a pen on their common stalk. 
 
 PENNSYLVA'NIA, MINERAL AVATERS 
 OF. The most celelirated :ire those of Bedford. 
 The Carlisle, Ephrata, and Yellow Springs are 
 also frequented. 
 
 PENNYCRESS, Thlaspi. 
 
 PENNYROYAL, Mentha pulegium, Hedeoma' 
 pulegioides — p. Hart's, Mentha cervina. 
 
 PENNYWORT, ASIATIC, Hydrocotyle 
 Asiatica. 
 
 PENSACOLA, see Saint Augustine. 
 PENSEEjYiola. tricolor — p. Sauvage, Viola 
 tricolor. 
 
 PENSILIA, Pudibilia. 
 PENSY, Viola tricolor. 
 
 PENTAMY'RON, from -aevrt, 'five,' and /mpov, 
 'ointment.' An ancient ointment, consisting of 
 five ingredients. These are said to have been — 
 storax, mastich, wax, opobalsam, and unguentum 
 nardinum. — Paulus, and Aetius. 
 
 PENTAPHAR'MACON, from wji-tc, 'five,' 
 and (papfiaKov, 'remedy.' Any medicine consist- 
 ing of five ingredients. 
 
 PENTAPHYLLUM. Potentilla reptans. 
 PEN'TATEUCH, (SURGICAL,) Pentateu'- 
 chus, from ueitc, 'five,' and rcvxps, *a book,' 
 which signifies the five books of Moses — Genesis, 
 Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. 
 By analogy, some surgeons have given the name 
 Surgical Pentateuch to the division of external 
 diseases into five classes: — wounds, ulcers, tu- 
 mours, luxations, and fractures. 
 
 PENTATH'ETUM, from irevre, 'five,' and 
 Tidtvat, 'to place.' An ancient plaster consisting 
 of five ingredients. 
 PENULA, Ingluvies. 
 
 PENZANCE, CLIMATE OF. This is the 
 chief residence of invalids in Cornwall, England, 
 during the winter. It is situated on Mount's 
 Bay, about ten miles from the Land's End. It is 
 5i° warmer in winter than London , 2° colder in 
 summer: scarcely 1° warmer in the spring, and 
 only about 2^° warmer in the autumn. It is a 
 very favourable winter residence for the phthisical 
 invalid. 
 
 PEONY, Peeonia. 
 PEPANSIS, Coction, Maturation. 
 PEPANTICOS, Maturative. 
 PEPASMOS, Coction, Maturation. 
 PEPAS'TIC, Pepas'ticus, from TrtTroti/o), 'I con- 
 coct.' A medicine supposed to have the power 
 of favouring the concoction of diseases. Matu- 
 rative. 
 
 PEPEIRUS, Concocted. 
 PEPERI, Piper. 
 
 PEPINO (S.). A cucxirbitacea, which is culti- 
 vated in great abundance in the fields of Peru. 
 The pulp or edible part is solid, juicy, and well 
 flavoured; but is apt to disagree. 
 
 PEPO, Cucurbita pepo — p. Lagenarius, Cucur- 
 bita Ingenaria — p. Vulgaris, Cucurbita pepo. 
 
 PEPPER. BLACK, Piper nigrum — p. Cay- 
 enne, Capsicum annuum — p. Chilly, Capsicum 
 annuum — p. Cubeb, Piper cubeba — p. Decorti- 
 cated, Fulton's, see Piper nigrum — p. Guinea, 
 Capsicum annuum — p. Jamaica, Myrtus Pimento 
 — p. Long, Piper longum. 
 
 Pepper Bush, Sweet, Clethra alnifolia. 
 Pepper, Malaguet'a. This term has been 
 applied to the fruit or seeds of several zingibe- 
 raceous plants, as well as to the pimento. It is 
 usually considered to be synonymous with Orana 
 Paradi'si, Grains of Par'adise, and Grana Guine- 
 en'sia, Guinea grains. — Pereira. 
 
 Pepper, Poor-Man's, Polygonum hydropiper 
 — p. Tailed, Piper cubeba — p. Turnip, Arum tri- 
 phyllum — p. Water, Polygonum hydropiper — p. 
 Water, of America. Polygonum punctatum — p. 
 Wall, Sedum — p. White, Piper album. 
 PEPPERWORT, Lepidium. 
 
 PEPSIN, Pepsine, Peps'inxim, Chy'mosin, Gas- 
 terase, Diges'tive Prin'ciple, from ttei^is, * coction,' 
 ' digestion.' A peculiar organic matter, which, in 
 combination with the gastric acids, is considered 
 to form the proper digestive solvent. Its chemi- 
 
PEPSINUM 
 
 693 
 
 PERIiERESIS 
 
 cal constitution is unknown. It- would appear 
 that its presence is necessary to induce changes in 
 the elements of the food, which may enable the 
 gastric acids to act upon them so as to form 
 chyme. 
 
 PEPSINUM, Pepsin. 
 PEPSIS, Coction, Digestion. 
 YEPTIC, Pep' ticus, from nenro}, '1 ripen,' 'I 
 digest.' An agent that promotes digestion, or is 
 digestive. Also, applied adjectively to an article 
 of food that is easy of digestion. 
 
 Peptic Persuader, see Pilulee aloes et Kinae 
 Kinaj. 
 
 PEPTONE. A presumed definite combination 
 between the solvent fluid in the stomach, and al- 
 buminous matters received into the organ as ali- 
 ments. The same as Albuminose. 
 
 PER, 'by or through,' in composition often 
 gives intensity to the signification : as pertussis, a 
 violent cough. 
 
 PERACUTUS, Catoxys. 
 PERARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis. 
 PERATODYNIA, Cardialgia. 
 PERCE-CRANE, Perforator. 
 P^i^C^-i^jeC'/iLE.Bupleurumrotundifolium. 
 PERCE-3I0USSE, Polytrichum. 
 PERCErMUEAILLE, Parietaria. 
 PERCE-PIERRE, Ci-ithmum maritimum. 
 PERCBP'TA, from j^ercipere, perceptum, {per, 
 and caplo,) 'to perceive,' 'receive.' A word used 
 by some writers on hj-giene to indicate, in a gene- 
 ral manner, the effects of the nervous action on 
 the animal economy: in other words, the sensa- 
 tions, the functions of the mind, and their dete- 
 rioration or privation. 
 
 PERCEPTIBILITY, see Sensibility. 
 PERCEP'TION, Perc-ep'th. Same etymon. 
 The appreciation which the brain has of an im- 
 pression made upon an organ of sense. 
 
 PERCEPTIVITY. Same etymon. The power 
 of perception. 
 
 PERCOLATIO, Filtration, Percolation. 
 PERCOLA'TION, Percolu'tlo, from pereolare, 
 percolatum, (per, and eolare,)' to strain through.' 
 The terms per- 
 colation and dis- 
 pilacement are 
 applied in phar- 
 macy to an ope- 
 ration which 
 consists in pla- 
 cing any sub- 
 stance, the vir- 
 tues of which 
 have to be ex- 
 tracted by a 
 menstruum, in a 
 funn el- shaped 
 instrument, hav- 
 ing a septum perforated with hole«, or its tube 
 stuffed with cotton or tow, and pouring fresh 
 portions of the menstruum upon ic until all its 
 virtues have been extracted. The operation is 
 used in the formation of certain infusions, ex- 
 tracts, tinctures, &c. 
 
 An instrument used for this purpose is called a 
 displacer or per'colator. 
 
 PERCOLATOR, see Percolation. 
 PERCUSS. Percu'tere, Percussion, {per, and 
 quotere, 'to strike,') (P.) Percnfer, Frapper. Same 
 etymon as the next. To strike upon with the 
 view of appreciating the resulting sound. To 
 practise percussion. 
 
 PERCUS'SION, Epicrou'sis, Percus'sio. When 
 immediate or direct percussion is made on the 
 chest or abdomen, the more or less perfect reso- 
 nance is an index of the state of the contained 
 
 Displacer or Percolator. 
 
 organs; and the physician is thus aided in his 
 diagnosis. For this purpose the chest may be 
 struck with the fingers, gathered into, a bundle, 
 and their tips placed upon a level. It is better, 
 however, to employ mediate p)ercHSsion, which 
 consists in interposing, between the point of the 
 fingers and the chest, the finger of the other 
 hand, or a Plexim'eter, and striking this instead 
 of the naked chest. 
 
 Percussion, Auscultatory, see Acouophonia, 
 
 PEP CUTER, Percuss. 
 
 PERCUTEUR COURBE A MARTEAU, 
 (F.) An instrument used by Baron Heurteloup 
 in the operation of lithotomy, in which a ham- 
 mer is employed instead of a screw, to force to- 
 gether the blades of the instrument on the foreign 
 body. 
 
 PERDO'NIUM. A medicated wine of herbs. 
 — Paracelsus. 
 
 PERETERIUM, Trepan. 
 
 PERETORIUM, Trepan. 
 
 PER'FORANS, from perforare, {per, and fo- 
 rare,) ' to bore through.' A name given to diffe- 
 rent muscles, whose tendons pass through inter- 
 vals between the fibres or tendons of other mus- 
 cles; thence called perforated. See Flexor 
 Longus Digitorum, <tc. Under the name Per'- 
 forating Ar'teries, are included, 1. In the hand — 
 arterial branches, given off by the profound 
 palmar arch, which traverse the muscles and in- 
 terosseous spaces. 2. In the thigh — three or four 
 arteries, furnished by the profunda, which pass 
 through the openings of the abductor magnus. 
 3. Iti the foot — the anterior and superior branches 
 of the plantar arch. 
 
 Perforans Casserii, see Cutaneous — p. Ma- 
 nils, Flexor profundus perforans — p. Profundus, 
 Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perfo- 
 rans. 
 
 PERFORATED SPOT, Locus perforatus. 
 
 PERFORATING ARTERIES, see Perforans. 
 
 PERFORATIO, Perforation —p. Cranii, see 
 Perforator ^ p. Intestinorum, Enterobrosis — p. 
 Ventriculi, Gastrobrosis. 
 
 PERFORA'TION, Perfora'tio, Anatre'sis, Di- 
 atre'sis. Same etymon as Perforans. An acci- 
 dental opening in the continuity of organs, either 
 from an external or internal cause. 
 
 Perfokation, Paracentesis — p. de I'Estomac, 
 Gastrobrosis — p. des Intestiiis, Enterobrosis — p. 
 Uteri, Uterus, rupture of the. 
 
 PERFORATOR, Perforato'rium, (F.) Perce- 
 erane. An instrument for opening the head of 
 the foetus in utero, when it is necessary to dimi- 
 nish its size. The operation is called Cephalo- 
 tom'in, Perfora'tio cra'nii. 
 
 PERFORATORIUM, Perforator. 
 
 PERFORA'TUS. That which is pierced. 
 Anatomists have given this name to muscles 
 whose fibres or tendons separate to suffer other 
 parts to pass through them. Such are the Flexor 
 brevis digitorum pedis, F. sublimis perforatus, 
 and Cora<:o-brachialis. Also, to parts that are 
 perforated for any purpose — as the substan'tia 
 perfora'ta of the brain. 
 
 Perforatus Casserii, Coraco-brachialis. 
 
 PERFRIC'TIO, Perfrige'rium, Catapsyx'is, 
 Peripsyx'is, from perfrigere, perfrictum, {per, and 
 frigere,) 'to shiver with cold.' Considerable re- 
 frigeration. Great sense of cold: — shivering. 
 
 PERFRIGERATIO, see Rigor. 
 
 PERPRIGERIUM, Perfrictio. 
 
 PERFUSIO, Fomentation — p. Frigida, se* 
 Afi^usion. 
 
 PERI, irept, 'about, on all sides, round about. 
 An augmentative prefix. Hence : 
 
 PERIiE'RESIS, trom peri, and aiptui, 'I take 
 away.' A sort of circular incision, which the 
 ancients made in the neighbourhood of large ab- 
 
PERIALGIA 
 
 694 
 
 PERICYSTITIS 
 
 eeesses. The periseresis is now only practised in 
 Bome cases of tumours. 
 
 PERIAL'GIA, from peri, and a\yoi, 'pain.' 
 A very violent pain. 
 
 PERIAMMA, Amuletum. 
 
 PERIAPTON, Amuletum. 
 
 PERIBLAST, Periplast, (F.) Periblaate, from 
 TTspi, ' around,' and pXaaroi, ' a germ.' The amor- 
 phous matter, which surrounds the endoblast, en- 
 doplast, (F.) Endoblaste or cell nucleus, and un- 
 dergoes segmentation. 
 
 PERIBLEMA, Catablema. 
 
 PERIBLEP'SIS, from peri, and iSXcto), 'I 
 look.' The wild look that accompanies delirium. 
 . — Foesius. 
 
 PERIB'OLE, from Trtpii^aXAu, (Trtfi, and /3a>Xu)), 
 •I surround.' The dress of a person. The peri- 
 cardium. Also, the translation of morbific mat- 
 ters towards the surface of the body. 
 
 PERIBRO'SIS, Pericra'sis, from Trtpi^p'txTKio, 
 [TTcpi, and PpuiGKia, 'I eat,') 'I eat around.' Ulce- 
 ration or erosion at the corners of the eyelids. 
 
 PERICAR'DIAC, Pericar'dial, Pericardi'a- 
 cus ; same etymon as Pericardium. Relating to 
 the pericardium, — as 'pericardial murmur,' 'pe- 
 ricardial effusion,' 'pericardial arteries, veins,' 
 &c., &o. 
 
 PERICARDIAL, Pericardiac. 
 
 PERICARDI'TIS, from pericardium, and itis, 
 denoting inflammation ; Inflamma'tio seu Pleuri'- 
 tis pericar'dii, Gardi'tia exter'na seu sero'sa seu 
 membrano'aa, Exocardi'tis, Inflamma'tio ii of the 
 pericardium, (F.) Piricardite, Inflammation du 
 Pericarde. This is probably the proper appella- 
 tion for most of those cases which have received 
 the names of Carditis, Cardij^ericardi' tis, Cardo- 
 pericardi'tis, and Gardioperieardi'tis. Along 
 with signs of pyrexia, the local symptoms resem- 
 ble those of pneumonia. Those which point out 
 that the pericardium is the seat of disease, are 
 the following : — pain, referred to the region of the 
 heart, or the sorobieulus cordis, — sometimes pun- 
 gent, at others, dull and heavy : palpitation, ac- 
 companied with spasmodic twitchings in the 
 neighbourhood of the heart, shooting up to the 
 left shoulder; pulsation, and sometimes soreness 
 of the carotids, with tinnitus aurium and vertigo ; 
 the breathing is by catches; dyspnoea conside- 
 rable; pulse jarring, jerliing, peculiar ; the tongue 
 white, covered with a mucous coat, and the skin 
 often bathed in sweat, as in acute rheumatism. 
 The j>h.ysical signs during the first period are as 
 follows. The action of the heart is generally 
 evident to the eye, and may be felt by the hand. 
 There is soreness to the touch over the intercos- 
 tal spaces, and over a small surface in the epi- 
 gastric region, when the pressure is directed up- 
 wards towards the pericardium. Percussion is 
 usually natural, but at times there is dulness. 
 On auscultation, the cardiac movements are 
 found to be frequent, abrupt, jerking, and tu- 
 multuous; often irregular and intermittent. The 
 pulse presents corresponding characters. When 
 effusion of lymph has occurred, percussion may 
 be negative, or be but slightly affected. On aus- 
 cultation, in addition to the preceding signs, 
 there may be one or more of the rubbing or fric- 
 tion bruits resembling the rustling of parchment, 
 or of a sawing or rasping character. In some 
 cases, the sound is like the creaking of new 
 leather. This has been supposed to be patho- 
 gnomonic of effused lymph. The most important 
 point in the pathology of pericarditis is its con- 
 nexion with acute rheumatism; and it forms one 
 of the most dangerous occurrences in the latter 
 disease. It may be acute or chronic: in either 
 case, it is, of course, formidable. The most act- 
 ive depletion must be used ; with large doses of 
 opium, counter-irritants, and all the means re- 
 
 quired in the "most violent internal inflamma- 
 tions. 
 
 Pericarditis Exsudatoria Sanguinolenta, 
 Hsemopericardium. 
 
 PERICAR'DIUM, Pericar' dion, Perib' ole, 
 3fembra'na Cor circumplex'a, Involu'crum seu 
 Ar'cula seu Capsa seu Gap'sula seu Cam'era reu 
 Indumen'tum seu Pannic'utus seu 3Iembra'r,a seu 
 Theca seu Saccua seu Sac'cnlus seu Scrotum seu 
 Vagi'na seu Veai'ca seu Area seu Thal'amna re- 
 ga'lis seu Amphies'ma seu Bursa Cordis, Sac or 
 Capsule of the Heart, (F.) Pericarde; from peri, 
 and Kapita, 'the heart.' The pericardium is a 
 membranous sac, which envelopes the heart, and 
 the arterial and venous trunks that pass from or 
 into it. It is seated in the separation of the me- 
 diastinum, above the central aponeurosis of the 
 diaphragm, to which it strongly adheres. Its 
 shape is triangular, like that of the heart, to 
 which it is fitted. The pericardium is composed 
 of two membranes : — the one — external — fibrous; 
 the other — internal — serous. The latter, having 
 lined the inner surface of the external layer, is 
 reflected over the heart, and covers it entirely ; 
 without, however, having the heart within it; in 
 which arrangement it resembles other serous 
 membranes. The pericardium envelops the heart; 
 retains it in position, and facilitates its move- 
 ments by means of the serous fluid contained in 
 its cavity — Cavum pericardii — and secreted by 
 the membrane — Liquor seu Aqua seu Humor seu 
 Li/mpha seu Uri'na Pericar'dii, Hydrocar'dia, 
 which it contains in greater or less quantity. 
 
 The arteries of the pericardium are small, and 
 derived from the superior phrenic, anterior me- 
 diastinal and bronchial. The veins accompany 
 them, and open into the brachio-cepliiUic. No 
 nerves have been traced to it. The /i/mphatica 
 enter the lymphatic glands that surround the 
 vena cava superior. 
 
 PERICARPIUM, Epicarpium. 
 
 PERICHOLIA, Polycholia. 
 
 PERICHONDRI'TIS, Inflamma'tio perichon'- 
 drii, from perichondrium, and itis, denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the perichondrium : 
 hence Perichondri'tis larynge'a ; — Inflammation 
 of the perichondrium covering the larynx, 
 
 PERICHON'DRIUM. (F.) Perichmdre, from 
 peri, and xo'''^('<'s, 'a cartilage.' A membrane of 
 a fibrous nature, which covers cartilages that are 
 non-articular, and bears considerable analogy to 
 the periosteum in organization and uses. 
 
 PERICHRISIS, Circumlitio, Liniment. 
 
 PERICHRISTON, Circumlitio, Liniment. 
 
 PERICLA'SIS, from peri, and (fXau, 'I break. 
 A comminuted fracture, with denudation of the 
 bone. ■ — • Galen. Foesius. 
 
 PERICLYMENUM, Lonicera periclymenum 
 — p. Vulgare, Lonicera periclymenum. 
 
 PERICNE'MIA, from peri, and Kvrifiri, 'the 
 leg.' The parts surrounding the tibia; — the tibia 
 itself. 
 
 PERICOLONI'TIS, Pericoli'tis, from peri, and 
 colonitis. Inflammation of the areolar tissue sur- 
 rounding the colon. 
 
 PERICOLPI'TIS, from peri, KoXitog, 'vagina,' 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
 of the areolar tissue surrounding the vagina. 
 
 PERICRANICEDE'MA, from pericranium, 
 and oL&rina, 'a swelling.' Q5dema of the head, 
 owing to fluid effused under the pericranium. 
 
 PERICRA'NIUM, Pericra'nion, Pericra'nia, 
 (F.) Pericrane, from peri, and xpavtov, ' the cra- 
 nium.' The periosteum, which covers the cra- 
 nium externally. 
 
 PERICRASiS, Peribrosis. 
 
 PERICYSTI'TIS, irom peri, xvarig, 'the blad- 
 der,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
 
PERIDERIA 
 
 695 
 
 PERIODOSCOPE 
 
 mation of the areolar tissue separating the blad- 
 der frora the neighbouring parts. 
 
 PEllIDER'IA, from, ^jeri, and lepv, 'the neck.' 
 Twisting (if the cord round the necli of the child. 
 
 PKRIDES'MIC, Perid es' miens ; from peri, 
 and ^£(r/iot, ' a ligament.' Some nosologists have 
 given this name to ischuria caused by a ligature 
 round the penis or by stricture of the urethra. 
 
 PERID ES'MIUM, from peri, and izojioi, 'liga- 
 ment.' The delicate areolar tissue covering a 
 ligament. 
 
 PERIDIASTOLE, see Diastole. 
 
 FEEIDIDYME, see Testicle. 
 
 PERID'ROMUS, from peri, and (5poM°?, 'a 
 course.' The extreme circumference of the hairs 
 of the bead. — Gorrfeus. 
 
 PERIESTICOS, Salutary. 
 
 PERIGLOTTIS, Epiglottic gland: see Tongue. 
 
 PERIG'RAPHE, from TCiJiypaipoi, {-zpi, and 
 Ypa^ii), 'I write/) 'I circumscribe.' The apo- 
 neurotic intersections of the rectus abdominis are 
 so called. — Vesalius. 
 
 PERIHEPATITIS, see Hepatitis. 
 
 PERILARYNGI'TIS, from peri, larynx, and 
 itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 areolar tissue surrounding the larynx, which not 
 unfrequently ends in perilarynqeal abscess. 
 
 PERILYMPH. Cotunnius, liquor of. 
 
 PERIMYELITIS, Meningitis, spinal. 
 
 PERIMYS'IUM, Fas'cia, from peri, and pv;, 
 *a muscle.' The areolar membrane or sheath — 
 vagi'na muscula'ris — that surrounds a muscle, or 
 its fasciculi. The sheath of the whole muscle is 
 termed Perimysium ejcternum; of the fasciculi, 
 Perimysium, internvm. 
 
 PERIN, Peria, from trcpa, 'a, sac or pouch.' 
 With some, this means the scrotum ; with others, 
 the testicle ; with others, the vagina ; with others, 
 the peritnnfeum ; and with others, the anus. 
 
 PERINEOCELE, Hernia, perineal. 
 
 PERINEOR'RHAPHY, PerivaorrJiaph'ia, 
 from TTtpivatov, 'perinaeum.' and paiprj, 'suture.' 
 Suture of the perinteum, (F.) Suture du Perinee, 
 in cases of laceration of the same. 
 
 PERINJi'UM, Interfemin'eum, Literfoemin'- 
 evm, Interfoemin'ium, Interfoe'mina, Iter femin'- 
 eiim, Peris, Perin, Perineum, Gressu'ra, Plechos, 
 Am'phiplex, Peche'deon, Mesos'cehni, Ifesos'celus, 
 Perine'on, Perince'os, Perine'os, Tramis, Tauros, 
 Interforamine' iim, Cocho'ne, Plichos, Ifesnme'rion, 
 Foemen, Re'gio Perina'i, (F.) Perinee, [-zttpiv, 
 ■iTtipivos, 'the scrotum' [?].) The space at the 
 inferior region of the trunk, between the isehiatic 
 tuberosities, anus, and genital organs. It is 
 smaller in the female than in the male ; has a 
 triangular shape, and is divided into two equal 
 parts by a median line, called Raphe. It is oc- 
 casionally ruptured in labour. At times, it has 
 been made to extend posteriorly as far as the os 
 eoccygis. The part between the pudendum and 
 anus is sometimes called ante'rior perina'wn, to 
 distinguish it from that which extends from the 
 anus to the coccyx, called pioste'rior perince'um. 
 
 PERINEUS, Perineal. 
 
 PEPi,INE'AL, Perinm'us, Perinmn'lis, Peri- 
 nea'lis. That which relates or belongs to the 
 perinaeum; as Perineal artery, P. hernia, &c. 
 
 Perineal Aponeurosis, P. Fascia. 
 
 Perineal Artert, Arte'ria perineea'lis, Su- 
 perjicial artery of the Perincs'itm. A branch of 
 the internal pudic distributed to the perinajum. 
 
 Perineal Cutaneous Nerve, see Sciatic 
 Derve, lesser. 
 
 Perineal Fas'cia. Fas'cia Perinee'i, Perine'al 
 aponeurn'sis. The fasciae, — stiperficial and deep- 
 seated — Perine'al lic)' anient — Camper's lic/ament, 
 Trian'gular lig'ament, — which belong to the peri- 
 naeum. 
 
 Perine'al Fossa, Fossa pierina'i, Ischi a -rectal 
 fossa. A conical fossa, the base of which cor- 
 responds with the skin ; is formed anteriorly by 
 the transversus perinaei muscle; behind, by the 
 inferior border of the glutseus maxinius; inter- 
 nally, by the levator ani ; and externally, by the 
 tuber ischii. It is filled up with fat and fibrous 
 striae. 
 
 Perineal Ischuria, Ischu'ria Perinea'lis. A 
 name given by Sauvages to retention of urine, 
 caused by a tumour seated in the perinajum. 
 
 Perineal Ligament, see P. fascia. 
 
 Perineal Nerve. A branch of the internal 
 pudic; which is mainlj^ distributed to the peri- 
 naeum and scrotum of the male; and to the vulva 
 and perinaeum of the female. 
 
 Perineal Region, Perineum. 
 
 Perineal Section, Sec'tio periucp.d'lis. An 
 incision into the perinteum for the cure of stric- 
 ture of the urethra. 
 
 PERINEE, PerinEBum. 
 
 PERINEPHRI'TIS, (F.) Phlegmon perini- 
 phretique, from peri, vt^poi, 'kidney,' and itis, 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the ex- 
 ternal areolar and fibrous membranes of the kid- 
 ney, or of their investing adipose areolar tissue. 
 
 PERINEPHRUS, see Kidney. 
 
 PERINEURION, Neurilemma. 
 
 PER INEVRE, Is eur\\emm?L. 
 
 PERINYC'TIDES, n^pt, and vuf, vvkto;, 'night.' 
 An eruption appearing at night and disappearing 
 by day. — Erotian. 
 
 PE'RIOD, Pe'riodns, Periodei'a, Periodeu'sia, 
 Sta'dinm, Circu'itus, (F.) Periode, from j)eri, and 
 'o^oi, 'way;' Circuit. Periods are the different 
 phases or revolutions of a disease, — the epochs 
 which are distinguishable in the course of a dis- 
 ease. Three periods are commonly enumerated. 
 1. The augmentation, increase, or progress, {In- 
 cremen'tum;) 2. The acme or height, (F. ) Etaf 
 (Status;) and, 3. The decline (Decrementum.) 
 Some authors reckon only the invasion and ter- 
 mination. 
 
 Period is sometimes used in describing an in-- 
 termittent, for the time between the commence- 
 ment of a paroxysm and that of the next, in- 
 cluding the fit as vrell as interval. 
 
 Periods, Monthly, Menses. 
 
 PERIODEIA, Period. 
 
 PERIODEUSIS. Period. 
 
 PERIODEUTES, Charlatan. 
 
 PERIODICITY, Periodic"itas. Rhythm, (F.) 
 Periodicite. Same etymon. The aptitude of 
 certain physiological and pathological pheno- 
 mena, in health or disease, to recur at particular 
 periods, after longer or shorter intervals, during 
 which they cease completely. Diseases, thus re- 
 curring, are called periodical or rhyth'mical — 
 Typo' sea. 
 
 PERIODOL'OGY, Periodolog"ia, from ircpi- 
 oSo;, 'a course or circuit,' and Aoywf, 'a discourse.' 
 The doctrine of periodicity in health and disease. 
 
 PERIODONTI'TIS, (F.) Periodontite, Inflam- 
 mation de la Jlembrane alveolo-dentaire, from 
 p>eri, and oS^s, oSovtos, 'a tooth.' Inflammation 
 of the membrane that lines the socket of a tooth. 
 
 Periodontitis Gingivarum, Ulitis. 
 
 PERIOD'OSCOPE, from TrcpioSos, 'a period,' 
 and aKOTTiw, 'I view.' An instrument, proposed 
 by Dr. Tyler Smith, for the ready calculation ef 
 the pieriodical functions of the sex. It consists 
 of a movable circular dial, upon which the months 
 and days are engraved, fixed on a pivot in the 
 centre of a large plate on which are numbered 
 the different conditions »f the reproductive sys- 
 tem, as conception, abortion, premature labour, 
 hemorrhage, labour, &c. By a P.nowledge of the 
 date of conception, say November 14th, and fixing 
 
PERIODUS LUNARIS 
 
 696 
 
 PERISTOLE 
 
 the movaule plate opposite the point on the fixed 
 plate which indicates conception, the observer is 
 enabled, at once, to see, that, allowing 280 days 
 for gestation, labour may be expected about the 
 20th of August. The dial is made of card-board, 
 and is afBxed to a small volume, in which its uses 
 and applications are explained. 
 
 PERIODUS LUNARIS, see Menses — p. 
 Morbi, Type — p. Sanguinis, Circulation. 
 
 PEHIODYN'IA, from jyeri, and ohvvn, 'pain.' 
 A violent and extensive pain. 
 
 PERWNE, Decidua. 
 
 PERIOR'BITA, Perios'teum or'hita, (F.) Pe- 
 riorhite, from jyeri, and orhita, 'the orbit.' An 
 appellation used, by some, for the periosteum 
 lining the orbit, which is a continuation of the 
 dura mater. The inflammation of this periosteum 
 is termed Periorhi'tis or Peri'orhiti'tis, and In- 
 flfinrinn'tio perioif'tei or'hitcB. 
 
 PERIORBITIS, see Periorbita. 
 
 PERIORBITITIS, see Periorbita, 
 
 PERIOSTEITIS, see Periostitis. 
 
 PERIOS'TEOPHYTE, from periosteum, and 
 tpvui, ' I grow.' An osseous formation, com- 
 mencing in the periosteum. 
 
 PERIOS'TEyM, Perios'teon, Penos'teos, Pe- 
 rios'tiiim, Circnmossa'le, 3lemhra'na ossis, Omen'- 
 tnm on'sium, Circumo^sa'lis Jfejnbra'iia, (F.) Pe- 
 riosfe, from peri, and oareov, 'a bone.' The peri- 
 osteum is afibrous, white, resisting medium, which 
 surrounds the bones every where, except the 
 teeth at their coronae, and the parts of other bones 
 that are covered with cartilage. The external 
 surface is united, in a more or less intimate man- 
 ner, to the neighbouring parts by areolar tissue. 
 Its inner surface covers the bone, whose depres- 
 sions it accurately follows. It is united to the 
 bone by small, fibrous prolongations ; and, espe- 
 cially^, by a prodigious quantity of vessels, which 
 penetrate their substance. The periosteum unites 
 the bones to the neighbouring parts. It assists 
 in their growth, either by furnishing, at its inner 
 surface, as JI. Beclard demonstrated, an albumi- 
 nous exudation, which becomes cartilaginous, and 
 at length ossifies ; — or by supporting the vessels, 
 which penetrate them to carry the materials of 
 their nutrition. See Medullary membrane. 
 
 PERiosTEU>r IxTERNu.M, Medullary membrane 
 — p. Orbitae, Periorbita. 
 
 PERIOSTI'TIS, Periostei'tis, Inflamma'tio pe- 
 rios'tei, from periosteum, and itis, denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the periosteum. 
 
 PERIOS'TO-MEDULLI'TIS, (F.) Periosto- 
 mednl/ite, from periosteum, medulla, 'marrow,' 
 and itis, a suffix denoting inflammation. Simul- 
 taneous inflammation of the periosteum and me- 
 dulla spinalis. — Gerdy. 
 
 PERIOSTO'SIS, (F.) Periostose. Tumour of 
 the periosteum. Tumours are so called which 
 are developed on bones, and formed by their outer 
 membrane. These tumours are more rapidly 
 developed, have a less degree of consistence, and 
 sooner disperse than exostoses, which they re- 
 semble greatly. 
 
 PERIOSTOSTEI'TIS, (F.) Periostosteife, from 
 periosteum, otmov, 'a bone,' and itis, denoting in- 
 flammation. Simultaneous inflammation of the 
 periosteum and bone. — Gerdy. 
 
 PERIPHERAD, see Peripheral aspect. 
 PERIPH'ERAL, Periph'eric, Peripher'ical; 
 from peri, and (pepu), '1 bear.' Relating or apper- 
 taining to the periphery or circumference. 
 
 Peripheral Aspect. An aspect towards the 
 circumference of an organ. — Barclay. Periph'- 
 erad is used by the same writer adverbially to 
 signify 'towards the peripheral aspect' 
 
 "PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SYSTEM, Ca^ 
 pillary system. 
 
 PERIPHIMOSIS, Paraphimosis. 
 PERIPLAST, Periblast. 
 PERIPLEUMONIA, Peripneumonia. 
 PERIPLOCA IXDICA, Hemidesmus Indieus 
 — p. Mauritiana, see Scammony. 
 
 PERIP'LYSIS, from peri, and TrXuo-jj, 'the act 
 of washing;' Proflu'vium. A copious dischargr 
 from any part, especially from the bowels. 
 
 PBRIPiSrEUMO'NIA, Peri2)leumo'nia, Peri- 
 pneumoni'tis, True peripneu'moiu/, from peri, and 
 -vtviiO)v, 'the lung.' Inflammation of the sub- 
 stance of the lungs. See Pneumonia. 
 
 Peripneumonia Bilio'sa. Inflammation of 
 the lungs, accompanied with bilious fever. 
 
 PERiPNErMo'NiA Catarrha'lis. Bronchitis or 
 pulmonarj' catarrh, with pain in some part of the 
 chest. Peripneumonia notha. 
 
 Peripneumo'nia Notha, P. spu'ria seu pitui- 
 to'sa seu catarrha'lis, Pneumo'nia notha, Pseudo- 
 peripnenmonia, Pse udo-pneumonia , Pseudo-pneu- 
 moni'tis, Bronchoc'ace, Blennotho'rax, Obstrne'lio 
 pulmo' uum piituito' sa fehri'lis, Bronchi'tis aslheii'- 
 ica, False or Bastard Peripnen'moiiy, (F.) Pe- 
 ripneumonie hdtarde ou fausse, Fausse pneumonie. 
 An inexact name, under which some affections 
 are comprised that resemble pneumonia; and, 
 especially chronic bronchitis with pleurod3-iiia. 
 See Bronchitis (chronic.) 
 
 Peripnetmonia Pitcitosa, p. notha. 
 
 PERIPXEUMOXITIS, Peripneumonia. 
 
 PERIPNEUMONY, Pneumonia — p. Bastard, 
 Peripneumonia notha. 
 
 Peripneumony, Latent. Peripneumony whose 
 symptoms are so obscure as to be recognised with 
 difliculty. 
 
 PERIPROCTI'TIS, from Ttpj, 'around,' and 
 ugaKTo;, 'the anus.' Inflammation of the areolar 
 tissue surrounding the rectum. 
 
 PERIPSYXIS, Catapsyxis, Perfrictio. 
 
 PERIPYE'MA, from pjeri, and wov, 'pus. 
 Suppuration around an organ; — a tooth for ex- 
 ample. 
 
 PERIRRHCE'A, Perir'rhoe, from ])eri, and 
 ptw, 'I flow.' Afflux of fluids from every point 
 of the body towards an organ which has to remove 
 them from the economy. Also, enuresis. 
 
 PERIS, Perin. 
 
 PERISCELIS. Jarretih-e. 
 
 PERISCYPHISMUS. Periscythisraus. 
 
 PERISCYTHIS'xMUS, Periscy'thisis, Peri- 
 scytis'mus, Periscy'tisis, Periscy'j^hisls, Peri- 
 scyphismus, Scalpiug, from peri, and T.KvBy]i, 'a 
 Scythian,' that is, 'scalping after the manner of 
 the Se3'thians.' An operation described by Pan. 
 lus of .Sgina. It consisted of an incision mada 
 around the cranium, and was employed in hr- 
 bitual weakness of the eyes, pains of the head, 
 &c. 
 
 PERISPHAL'SIS, Circumduc'tio, from peri, 
 and o(i>aXhii>, 'I move.' A circular motion im- 
 pressed on a luxated bone, for the purpose of re- 
 ducing it. 
 
 PERISSODACTYLUS, Polydactylus. 
 
 PERISPLENITIS, see Splenitis. 
 
 PERISTALTIC, Systaltic — p. Action, Peris- 
 tole. 
 
 PERISTAPHYLINUS EXTERNUS, Circum- 
 flexus musculus — p. Inferior, Circumflexus mus- 
 culus — p. Internus, Levator palati. 
 
 PERISTERA ANCEPS, Pelargonium anceps. 
 
 PERISTERIUM, Verbena officinalis. 
 
 PERISTER'NA, from peri, and ctTep-vov, 'the 
 sternum.' Thejateral parts of the chest. 
 
 PERISTOLE, Motus Peristal'ticus seu com- 
 jvesso'rius seu vermicula'ris seu testudin'eus, from 
 peri, and ortAAu, 'I contract,' 'I close.' The 
 peristaltic action of the intestines, Ifotus peristal' - 
 tictis. (F.) Jfouvemcnt peristaltique. It consists 
 of a kind of undulation or vermicular movement, 
 
PERISTOMA 
 
 697 
 
 PEROCORMUS 
 
 in appearance irregular, but in which the circular 
 fibres of the muscular membrane of the intestine 
 contract successively, from above downwards, in 
 proportion as the chj'me advances in the alimen- 
 tary canal; so that, being compressed above, 
 it is pushed into the next portion of the intes- 
 tine, whose fibres are in a state of relaxation. 
 AVhen the fibres contract inversely, they occasion 
 an aiitt peristaltic action. The peristaltic action 
 is involuntary, and is not under the immediate 
 infiuence of either brain or spinal marrow. It 
 continues for some time after death. 
 
 PERISTOMA, Peristroma. 
 
 PERISTOMIUM, Mouth. 
 
 PERISTRO'MA, Perit'toma, 3fus'eiis villo'siie, 
 CrustH membrana'cea seu vermicula'ria, from peri, 
 and aTpiovvv/it, ' to spread.' The villous or mucous 
 coat of the intestines. — Castelli. 
 
 PERISYS'TOLE, from peri, and cviTToXri, ' eon- 
 traction.' The interval that exists between the 
 systole and diastole of the heart, which is only 
 perceptible in the dying.— Bartholine. 
 
 PERITERION, Trepan pcrforatif. 
 
 PERITESTIS, Albuginea. 
 
 PERITOINE, Peritonaeum. 
 
 PERITOMB, Circumcision. 
 
 PERITONiEREX'IS, Peritoncp.orex'is, from 
 peritoncRum, and prjyvvjxL, 'to break.' Hernia 
 formed by the rupture of the peritonaeum. 
 
 PERITONiE'UM, Peritone'um, PerifoiicB'on, 
 Peritonei' on, Perit'jna;' OS, Peritoni'on, Peritone'os, 
 Velamen'tum ubdomina'le, Tu'nica prceten'sa seu 
 Operimen'tiim pratensum seu Menibra'na abduvi'- 
 inis, PagoB, Siphar, Syphar, Zepnch, Zipjhac, (P.) 
 Peritoine, from ^;efi, and tcivm, 'I stretch.' A 
 serous membrane, which lines the abdominal 
 cavity, PeritoncB'nm parieta'le, extends over the 
 greater part of the organs contained there, Perit'- 
 oncBtmi intestina'le seu viscera'le, envelops them 
 wholly or in part, and maintains their respective 
 relations by means of different prolongations and 
 ligamentous folds: — the mesenteyy, epiploon, 
 mesocolon, &c. Like all the serous membranes, 
 the peritoneum, except in the female, is a sort of 
 sac without aperture, which covers the abdominal 
 organs, without containing them within it, and 
 the internal surface of which is smooth, and lu- 
 bricated by a serous fluid. In the male foetus, 
 the peritonaeum furnishes a prolongation, which 
 accompanies the testicle at the time of its descent, 
 and, in the female foetus, forms the Canal of Nnck. 
 Below the neck of the gall-bladder, the perito- 
 naeum has a triangular opening, called the Fora- 
 men or Hiatus of Winslow, through which it pro- 
 ceeds behind the stomach, to form a sort of se- 
 condary cavity, called the posterior cavity of the 
 peritoncBum, (F.) Arriere cavite p)eritoneale ou 
 Cavite des Epiploons. 
 
 Peritoneum Duplicatum, Epiploon, gastro- 
 colic. 
 
 PERITOjSTB'AL, PeritoncB'ns. That which 
 appertains or relates to the peritoneum. 
 
 PERITONITE, Peritonitis —p. Pnerperale, 
 see Peritonitis. 
 
 PERITONI'TIS, Empres'ma seu Cauma Peri- 
 tonitis, Peritonei' tis, Inflamma'tio seu Phleg'- 
 inone PeritoncB'i, Phlegma'sia or Inflammation 
 of the PeritoncB'um, from peritoneum, and itis, 
 denoting 'inflammation.' (F.) Peritonite, Jn- 
 jlammation du PSritoine. The characteristic 
 signs of acute inflammation of the peritonasura 
 are, — violent pain in the abdomen, increased by 
 the slightest pressure, often by the simple weight 
 of the bed-clothes. Ji generally occurs in the 
 parturient state ; Lochoperitniii'tis, and begins on 
 the second or third day after delivery. At times, 
 a malignant epidemic, and perhaps contagious, 
 variety has made its appearance, and destroyed 
 
 numbers of females. This has been described 
 under the name Puer'pieral Fever, Metroperiioni'- 
 tis, Ene'cia Syn'ochus Puerpera'rnm, (F.) Peri- 
 tonite jJ!(ecpe;-aZe, 3fetroj)eritoirite piierpercde, 
 Fievre piierpercde, Typjhus puerperal, Erythemat'- 
 ic or Nonplus' tic Puerperal Peritonitis, Typho- 
 hm'mic Peritoni'tis, Adynam'ic or Malig'nant 
 Puer'peral Fever, Loxu Fever of Childbed. It is, 
 according to some, a malignant inflammation of 
 the peritoneum and uterus; according to others, 
 a Uterine Phlebitis. In any form it requires 
 active treatment, early employed. The ap- 
 pearances on dissection are such as occur when- 
 ever a serous membrane has been inflamed, and 
 such inflammation has produced death : — effusion 
 of fluid with flakes of coagulable lymph in it; 
 appearances of vascularity, &c., in the membrane. 
 The treatment — in active p>eritonitis — must con- 
 sist of the same course as recommended under 
 Enteritis. In the chronic kind, symptoms must 
 be combated as they arise, and it may be ad- 
 visable to excite a new action in the system by 
 means of mercur}'. In the epidemic and malig- 
 nant variety, unless bleeding be freely employed 
 at the very outset, it does harm. If used early, 
 it is of decided advantage. Everything de- 
 pends upon arresting the morbid process at the 
 outset. 
 
 Peritonitis, Ebythkmatic, see Peritonitis — 
 p. Hepatica, see Hepatitis- — p. Nonplastic, see 
 Peritonitis — p. Puerperal, see Peritonitis — p. 
 Typhohsemic, see Peritonitis. 
 
 PERITTOMA, Excrement. 
 
 PERITYPHLI'TIS ; from peri, and fypAlttis, 
 inflammation of the caacum. Inflammation of 
 the areolar substance surrounding the ca3cum. 
 See Typhlo-enteritis. 
 
 PERI-UTERINE, Peri-nferi'nus, badly com- 
 pounded from peri, and uterus. That which is 
 situated around the uterus ; hence '^periuterine 
 inflammation" or "periuterine phlegmon," — in- 
 flammation of the areolar tissue around the 
 uterus. 
 
 PERIWINKLlE, LESSER, Vinea minor. 
 
 PERIZO'MA, from nepi^uirwiii, (vcpt, and i^wv- 
 vvfiL, 'to gird,) 'to gird around.' A bandage; a 
 girdle. In Fabricius Hildanus, a truss. Herpes 
 zoster. The diaphragm. 
 
 PER'KINISM. A therapeutical means, first 
 employed by Dr. Elisha Perkins, of Norwich, 
 Connecticut, towards the termination of the last 
 century, and named after him. It consisted in 
 drawing over affected or other parts the pointed 
 extremities of two metallic rods, called Metallic 
 Tractors, each made of a difi'erent metal. The 
 success obtained, was through the influence of 
 the imagination ; and, consequently, as a reme- 
 dial agent, it ranks as high as animal magnetism, 
 but no higher. The operation was, also, called 
 Tractora'tion. 
 
 PER'KINIST. A believer in and practiser of 
 Perkinism. 
 
 PERKINIS'TIC. Relating or belonging to 
 Perkinism. 
 
 PERLA, Pearl, Paralampsis. 
 
 PERLE, Pearl. 
 
 PERMISTIO, Coition. 
 
 PERMIXTIO, Coition. 
 
 PERMOTTO, Motion. 
 
 PERNWfEUX, Deleterious. 
 
 PERNICIOSUS, Deleterious. 
 
 PERNIO, Chilblain. 
 
 PERNOCTATIO, Insomnia. 
 
 PEROCEPH'ALUS, from rr^po?, 'deficient,' 
 and KKpaXn, ' head.' A monster with a defective 
 head. 
 
 PEROCOR'MUS, from Trr,pog, 'deficient,' and 
 Kopiiog, ' trunk.' A malformation in which the 
 trunk is defective, and too short, from the ab- 
 
PERODACTYLEUS 
 
 698 
 
 PERSPIRATION 
 
 sence of one or more vertebrae, — the head and 
 limbs being normal. 
 
 PERODACTYLEUS, Flexor longus digitorum 
 pedis profundus perforans. 
 
 PERODYNIA, see Cardialgia. 
 PEROMEL'IA, from Tvpus, 'deficient,' and 
 us)^o;, 'a limb.' Congenital misconstruction, or 
 mutilation of the limbs. A genus in the noso- 
 logy of Good. 
 
 PEROM'ELUS. A monster possessed of the 
 deformity mentioned above. 
 
 PJERONE, Fibula— p. Col du, Collum fibulse. 
 PERONE'AL, Peronm'us, Fibula' vis, Fib'ular, 
 (F.) Perouier, from vepovrj, 'the fibula.' Belong- 
 ing or relating to the fibula. 
 
 Pbroneal Artery, Fib'ular, A., arises from 
 the popliteal, and is situate deeply in the pos- 
 terior and outer part of the leg. It gives off 
 branches of little importance. Near the outer 
 ankle, it divides into two branches. 1. The -poa- 
 terior peroneal, which descends behind the lower 
 joint of the fibula, on the outer surface of the 
 calcaneum. 2. The anterior peroneal, which 
 crosses the inferior extremity of the interosseous 
 ligament, to be distributed on the dorsal surface 
 of the foot. 
 
 Peroneal Muscles are three in number. 1. 
 Peron(BUH Brevis seu Secnndvs seu Anti'cua seu 
 Ile'diiis, Semi-fibnl(B'us, (F.) Grand-peroneo-Hus- 
 metatarsien, Court peroneo-lateral, 3Ioyen Pero- 
 nier. A muscle, situate beneath the peronaeus 
 longus. It is attached above, to the outer sur- 
 face of the fibula, and terminates, below, at the 
 posterior extremity of the 6th metatarsal bone, 
 after having been reflected beneath the malleolus 
 externus. It extends the foot upon the leg, at 
 the same time raising a little the outer edge. It 
 may, also, act upon the leg, and extend it upon 
 the foot. 2. PeroncBUH Longus seu primus seu 
 posti'eus seu max'imus seu j)oste'rinr, (F.) Tihi- 
 peroneo-tarsien, Long peronier lateral, Peroneo- 
 sous-tarsien, (Ch.) Muscle grand peronier. This 
 muscle is situate at the outer part of the leg. It 
 is long, thick, and triangular above; thin, nar- 
 row, and flat below. It is attached above to the 
 outer edge of the upper extremity of the fibula, 
 and to the upper third of the outer surface of that 
 bone. Below, it terminates at the outer part of 
 the posterior extremity of the first metatarsal 
 bone. This muscle extends the foot on the leg, 
 turning its point outward, and raising its outer 
 edge. It acts, also, upon the leg, which it ex- 
 tends on the foot. 3. Peroncens Tertins, Nanus 
 Vesa'lii, (F.) Peronier anterieur, Petit peroneo- 
 sus-metatarsien (Ch.,) Petit Peronier, A muscle, 
 situate at the anterior, outer, and inferior part of 
 the leg. It is long and flat, and is attached, 
 above, to the inferior third of the anterior mar- 
 gin and inner surface of the fibula; terminating, 
 below, at the posterior extremity of the 5th me- 
 tatarsal bone. This muscle bends the foot on the 
 leg, by raising its outer edge. It can, also, bend 
 the leg on the foot. 
 
 Peroneal Nerve, see Popliteal nerves. 
 Peroneal Vein follows the same course as 
 the artery. 
 
 PERONEDACTYLIUS, Flexor longus digito- 
 rum pedis profundus perforans. 
 
 pMRONEO-LATERAL court, Peronaeus 
 brevis — p. Phalanginien du gros orteil, Flexor 
 longus poUicis pedis — p. Sous-phalangettien du 
 ponce. Flexor longus pollicis pedis — p. Sous- 
 tarsieii, Peronasus longus — p. Sus-metatarsien, 
 PeronEeus tertius — p. Sus-metatarsien. grand, 
 Peronjeus brevis — p. Sn-i-phahmgettien du ponce, 
 Extensor proprius pollicis pedis — p. Tibi-sus- 
 phalangettien commun, Extensor communis digi- 
 
 torum pedis — p. Sus-phalangien du pouce, Ex- 
 tensor proprius pollicis pedis. 
 PERONEUM, Fibula. 
 PERONIER, Peroneal. 
 
 PERONIER, GRAND, Peronaus longus — 
 p. Lateral, long, Peronffius longus — p. Jloyen, 
 Peronseus brevis — p. Petit, Peronseus tertius. 
 
 PERONODACTYLI^US, Flexor longus digi- 
 torum pedis profundus perforans. 
 
 PEROXODACTYLIUS, Flexor longus digi- 
 torum pedis profundus perforans. 
 
 PEROSO'MUS, from i:moi, 'deficient,' and 
 aijt>y.a, '.body.' A monster, whose whole body is 
 imperfectly developed. — Gurlt. 
 
 PEROSPLANCH'NICA, from jDjpof, 'defi- 
 cient,' and an\ay)(^'ov, ' a viscus.' Congenital 
 misconstruction of the viscera. A genus in the 
 nosology of Good. 
 
 PERPENDICULUM HEPATIS, Suspensory 
 ligament of the liver. 
 
 PERPERACU'TUS. 'Extremely acute.' An 
 epithet applied to very violent and rapid diseases. 
 
 PERPLEXI MOBBI, see Complication. 
 
 PERPLICA'TION, Perplica'tio ; from per, 
 'through,' and pjlico, p)licatum, 'to fold.' A me- 
 thod of tying arteries, which consists in making 
 a small incision in the side of the artery, near 
 its bleeding orifice, introducing a small pair of 
 forceps, seizing the open extremity, and drawing 
 it backward, through the aperture made in the 
 side of the vessel, so as to form a kind of knot. 
 
 PERROSIN, see Pinus abies. 
 
 PERRY COUNTY WARM SPRINGS. These 
 are in Pennsylvania, eleven miles from Carlisle, 
 and fourteen from Harrisburg. Temperature 
 67°; impregnation not much. They are used for 
 bathing. 
 
 PERSE A CAMFORA, see Camphor — p. Cas- 
 sia, Laurus cassia — p. Cinnamomum, Laurus cin- 
 namomum — p. Cubeba, Piper cubeba. 
 
 Peu'sea Gratis'sima, Laurus Persea, Palta 
 tree. Avocado Pear. A slender, very high tree 
 of Peru, with a small dome-like top, which grows 
 on the eastern declivity of the Andes, and rises, 
 at times, to the height of more than 60 feet. Its 
 fruit — (S.) Palta — which is pear-shaped, is 
 generally much liked. It dissolves, like butter, 
 on the tongue, and hence is called, in some of 
 the French colonies, beurre vegetale. The leaves 
 are reckoned balsamic, pectoral and vulnerary. 
 The seeds are very astringent. 
 
 Persea Pichurim, see Pichurim beans — p. 
 Sassafras, Laurus sassafras. 
 
 PERSIAN FIRE, Anthracion, 
 
 PEBSICA VULGARIS, Amygdalus Persica. 
 
 PERSICAIREACRE, Polygonum hydropiper 
 — p. Brnlante, Polygonum hydropiper— y). Douce, 
 Persicaria — p. Poivree, Polygonum hydropiper. 
 
 PERSICARIA, Polygonum Persicaria— p. Mi- 
 nor, Polygonum Persicaria — p. Mitis, Polygonum 
 Persicaria — p. Urens, Polygonum hydropiper — 
 p. Wandspiked, Polygonum Virginianum — p. 
 Water, Polygonum amphibium. 
 
 PER SI L, Apium petroselinum — p. d'Ane, 
 Chaerophyllum sylvestre — p. Faux, ^thusa cy- 
 napium — p. de Macedoin, Bubon Macedonicum 
 — p. de 3!ontagne, Athamanta aureoselinum. 
 
 PERSIMMON, Diospyros Virginiana. 
 
 PERSOLATA, Arctium lappa. 
 
 PERSOLLATA Arctium lappa 
 
 PERSOLUTA, Arctium lappa. 
 
 PERSPICILLUM, see Spectacles. 
 
 PERSPIRABILE SANCTORIANUM, Per- 
 spiration. 
 
 PERSPIRA'TION, Perspira'tio, Transpira'- 
 tio, Diffla'tio, Diap'noe, Diapnoe'a, Diapneu'sia, 
 Perapirab'ile Sanctoria'num, from per, ' thruugh, 
 
PERSPIRATORY 
 
 699 
 
 PESSARY 
 
 and spirare, spi'ratum, 'to breathe, exhale.' The 
 insensible transpiration or exhalation continually 
 going on at the surface of the skin and mem- 
 branes. Sensible perspiration is called sweat. 
 The perspiratory fluid is secreted by an appro- 
 priate glandular apparatus, termed by Breschet, 
 diapnog"enous, (F.) Appareil dirijjnogene ; the 
 sudorip>'nrous glands, Gland'idce sudorip'arce, Or'- 
 gana sudorip'ara, sweat glands, consisting of a 
 convoluted tube, situate beneath the true skin, 
 and of spiral ducts, which open obliquely under 
 the scales of the epidermis. A certain portion 
 of the perspired fluid is thrown off by ordinary 
 physical evaporation. 
 
 The Pulmonary exhalation or transpiration is 
 that which takes place into the bronchia, and is 
 sent out with the expired air. 
 
 PERS'PIRATORY, Perspirafo'rius, Trans'pi- 
 ratory, Transpirato'rius, (F.) Perspiratoire, Trans- 
 piratoire. Same etymon as the last. Relating 
 or belonging"to, or the product of, perspiration. 
 
 PERSUDATIO, Diapedesis. 
 
 PERSULTATIO, Diapedesis. 
 
 PERTE, Metrorrhagia — p. d'Appetit, Ano- 
 rexia — 2^- ^® ^^ Memoire, Amnesia — p. de I'Odo- 
 rat, Anosmia — p. de Sang, Hsemorrhagia — p. de 
 la Voix, Aphonia — p. de la Viie, Caecitas. 
 
 PERTEREBRANT, Perter'ebrans, from per, 
 'through,' and terehrare, 'to bore.' The French 
 give this epithet to an acute pain — Douleur per- 
 terebrante — which occasions a sensation like that 
 which would be produced by an instrument pe- 
 netrating and lacerating a part; — the pain from 
 whitlow, for example. 
 
 PERTES BLANCHES, Leucorrhcea— p. de 
 Snng, Metrorrhagia — jo. Seminales, Spermator- 
 rhoea — p. Uterines, Metrorrhagia — p. Uterines 
 blanches, Leucorrhcea — p. Uterines rouges, Me- 
 trorrhagia. 
 
 PERTICA PER BE, Penis. 
 
 PERTURBATIONES ANIMI, Affections of 
 the mind. 
 
 PERTURBA'TRTX, (Iledici'na) from pertur- 
 bare, jjerturbntum {per and turbare) ' to disturb 
 greatly.' Per'turbating treatment, (F.) llelhode ou 
 Jledecine pertnrbatrice ; a mode of treatment in 
 which very active means are employed, and such 
 as impress upon diseases a different course from 
 that natural to them. It is the antithesis to the 
 Medicina expectans. Much evil has resulted from 
 such treatment, especially in febrile diseases. 
 
 PERTUS'SIS, from per, and tussis, 'a cough,' 
 'a violent cough.' Tussis jeri'na seu conindsi'va 
 seu pu'eros strang'ulans seu quinta seu stomacha' - 
 lis seu an'hela clamo'sa seu stran'gnlans seu de- 
 las'sans seu suf'focans seu ainphemer'ina seu tus- 
 siculo'sa seu siiasmod'ica seu asini'na seu cani'na, 
 Bronchi'tis convulsi'va, Bronchocephali' lis, Pneu- 
 sis pertus'sis, Amphemer' ina, Orthopnoe'a tussicu- 
 lo'sa seu clango'sa seu siiffocati'va seu clamo'sa 
 seu spasmod'ica, Morbus Cacul'lus seu cuculla'- 
 ris, Cueu'lus, Bechorthopnoe' a, Bex convidsi'vn seu 
 therio'des, Hooping-cough, Whooping-cough, Chin- 
 cough, Kin-eouqh, Kind-cough, (Germ. Kind, 'a 
 ahiid,') (Se.) Kinh-host, (Prov.) Kinkhaust, (F.) 
 Coqueluehe, Catarrhe ou Bronchite convulsive, 
 Tonx convulsive ou quinteuse ou bleue, Maladie 
 cuctdaire. A violent convulsive cough, returning 
 by fits, (F.) Quintes, at longer or shorter inter- 
 vals ; and consisting of several expirations, fol- 
 lowed by a sonorous inspiration or lohoop. The 
 fits of coughing generally recur more frequently 
 during the night, morning, and evening, than in 
 the day. It is esteemed to be contagious, and 
 attacks the young more particularly. It is rare 
 for it to affect an individual for the second time. 
 The duration is various, — six or eight weeks or 
 more. Although the paroxysms are very violent, 
 it is not a dangerous disease. It may, however. 
 
 give rise to other affections, as convulsions, pneu- 
 monia, &c., when the complication is very dan. 
 gerous, as the cause cannot be removed. Those 
 children suffer the least, who evacuate the con- 
 tents of the stomach during the fit. In the treat- 
 ment, all that can be done is to palliate. It must 
 be borne in mind, that the disease will, in time, 
 wear itself out. If there be such tensive pain 
 of the head, or fever, bleeding may be required, 
 but it is seldom necessary. Narcotics occasion- 
 ally afford relief, but it is temporary. Gentle 
 emetics, given occasionally, when the paroxysms 
 are long and dry, give decided relief, and aid in 
 the expectoration of the morbid secretions. After 
 the disease has continued for some weeks, and 
 persists in part from habit, change of air is essen- 
 tial, and this, even should the change be to an 
 atmosphere that is less pure. 
 
 PERU, see Lima. 
 
 PERUNCTIO, Inunction. 
 
 PERVENCHE, Vinca minor. 
 
 PERVER'SION, Perver'sio, from per and ver- 
 tere, versum, ' to turn.' Dias'trophe, Diastrevi'- 
 ma. One of the four modifications of function in 
 disease: the three others being augmentation, 
 diminution, and abolition. The humourists used 
 this term also to designate disorder or morbid 
 change in the fluids. 
 
 PERVERSION DE LA TJETE I)ES OS 
 ET DES BfUSCLES, Loxarthrus. 
 
 PERVIGILIUM, Insomnia, Coma vigil. 
 
 PES, genitive Pedis, tod;, ■Koio^, Ichnus, (Sc.) 
 Fit, (F.) Pied, 'the/oo?.' The inferior extremity 
 of the abdominal member, representing a bony 
 arch, an elastic vault, which transmits the weight 
 of the body to the ground. It is divided into 
 three parts; — the tarsus, metatarsus, and toes. 
 
 Pes Alexandrinus, Anthemis pyrethrum — p. 
 Anserinus, Chenopodium bonus Ilenricus, Facial 
 nerve — p. Cati, Antennaria Dioioa — p. Equinus, 
 Pes equinus, see Kyllosis — p. Hippocampi major, 
 Cornu ammonis — p. Hippocampi minor. Hippo- 
 campus minor — p. Hippopotami major, Cornu 
 ammonis — p. Hippopotami minor, Cornu ammo- 
 nis — p. Leonis, Alchemilla. 
 
 PESANTEUE, Weight— p. SpSciJique, Gra- 
 vity, specific. 
 
 PESE-ACTDE, Aeidometer — p. Liqueur, Are- 
 ometer — p. Sirop, Saccharometer. 
 
 PESETTE, Cicer arietinura. 
 
 PESSAIRE, Pessary— 73. Intra-uterin, Pessary, 
 intra-uterine. 
 
 PES'SARY, Pessa'rium, from vsaaos, 'a small 
 stone ; a pessary,' Pessns, Pessum, Pes'sulus, 
 Penicil'his, Tains, Nod'ulns uteri'nus, Supposito'- 
 rium iiteri'num, Glans, Lemnis'cus, (F.) Pessaire. 
 A solid instrument, composed of cork, ivory, or 
 elastic gum, which is introduced into the vagina 
 to support the uterus, in cases of prolapsus or 
 relaxation of that organ ; to keep vaginal hernia 
 reduced, &e. The ancients made use of medi- 
 cated pessaries, which they distinguished into 
 emollient, astringent, aperient, &c., and the}' are 
 still used. The form of pessaries is very va- 
 riable; — round, oval, &c., according to circum- 
 stances. 
 
 Pessary, Egyptian, Jilgyptius pessus. 
 
 Pessary, Intra-u'terine, Stem pessary, (F.) 
 Pessaire intra-iiterin, Bedressenr utSriii, An in- 
 strument for rectifying uterine displacements — 
 as anteversion and retroversion, consisting of a 
 stem which is introduced into the uterus; this 
 stem is attached to a flattened ovoid bulb or ball, 
 on which the cervix uteri rests. — Connected with 
 this is an external part or wire frame, which is 
 attached, at one extremity, to a flat tubular por- 
 tion, passing into the vagina, to be fixed to the 
 intra-uterine portion. The wire frame is made to 
 
PESSULUS 
 
 700 
 
 TETROUS 
 
 press upon the pubis, so that the pessary can be 
 kept in position in vtero. This is essentially the 
 intra-uterine pessary of Professor Simpson of 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 Pkssary, Stem, Pessary, intra-uterine. 
 
 PESSULUS, Pessarj', Penis. 
 
 PESSUM, Pessary. 
 
 PESSUS, Pessary. 
 
 PEST, Plague. 
 
 PESTE, Plague—;?. Antonine, Plague of An- 
 toninus — p. d'Athhies, Plague of Athens — p. 
 Noire, Death, black. 
 
 PESTICHI^, Petechite. 
 
 PESTICI^, Petechia^. 
 
 PES'TILENCE, PestHen'tia, Pentil'itas, from 
 pestii-, 'a pest.' A malignant spreading disease; 
 
 — applied especially to plague. 
 Pestilence, Choleric, Cholera spasmodica — 
 
 p. Glandular, Plague — p. Haemagastric, Eever, 
 yellow — p. Septic, Plague. 
 
 PESTILENT-WORT, Tussilago petasites. 
 
 PESTILENTIA, Plague — p. Ha3magastrica, 
 Fever, j'ellow. 
 
 PESTILENT'IAL, Pestilentia'lis, Pestilentia'- 
 ritis, Pestileritio'sus, Peatilen'tas, (F.) Pestileiitiel. 
 Relating or appertaining to a pest or plague. 
 Pestilential diseases are those that bear some re- 
 semblance to the plague in respect to mode of 
 propagation, symptoms, danger, &c. 
 
 PESTILITAS, Plague. 
 
 PESTIS, Plague — p. Acutissima, Plague — p. 
 Adeno-septica, Plague — p. Americana, Fever, 
 yellow — p. Antoniniana, Plague of Antoninus — p. 
 Bellica, Typhus — p. Britannica, Sudor Anglicus 
 — -p. Bubonaria orientalis, Plague — p. Contagiosa, 
 Plague — p. Glandulosa, Plague — p. Glossanthrax, 
 Glossanthrax — p. Inguinaria, Plague — p. Inter- 
 tropica. Fever, yellow — p. Nigra, Death, black — 
 p. Occidentalis, Fever, yellow — p. Orientalis, 
 Plague — p. Septica, Plague — p. Variolosa, Va- 
 riola. 
 
 PESTLE, Pilum — p. Spring, see Pilum. 
 
 PET. Fart. 
 
 PETALE, Phtheiriasis. 
 
 PETASITES, Tussilago petasites — p. Hj'bri- 
 da, Tussilago petasites — p. Major, Tussilago pe- 
 tasites — p. Officinalis, Tussilago petasites — p. 
 Rubens, Tussilago petasites — p. Vulgaris, Tussi- 
 lago petasites. 
 
 PETAU'RUM. A seat suspended by ropes, in 
 which a person taking the exercise sat, and was 
 tossed about by assistants. — Juvenal and Martial. 
 
 PETE'CHIIE, Petic'iilcR, Pesfich'ioB, Pestic"ice, 
 Punatic'xda, Piir'pura mally'na, Por'phyra Gra- 
 co'rum, (F.) Petechies. Small spots, similar in 
 shape and colour to flea-bites, which occur spon- 
 taneously upon the skin, in the course of severe 
 fevers, &o. They are, under such circumstances, 
 signs of great prostration. 
 
 Petechije sine Febre, Purpura simplex. 
 
 PETE'CHIAL, Petechia'lis ; same etymon. 
 Resembling or accompanied by petechise. 
 
 PETECHIAL SCURVY, Purpura simplex. 
 
 PETECHIANOSIS, Purpura hajmorrhagica. 
 
 PETER'S PILLS, Pilulm Aloes et Cambogise 
 
 — p. Worm lozenges, see Worm lozenges, Sher- 
 man's. 
 
 PETICUL^, Petechia?. 
 
 PETIGO, Impetigo. 
 
 PETINA. Sole. 
 
 PETIOLES, Pediolus, diminutive of pes, 'a. 
 foot. A footstalk or leafstalk of a plant. A 
 petiole. 
 
 Petiolus Epiglottidis. The root of the Epi- 
 glottis. 
 
 Petioltts Mallei, Manubrium mallei. 
 
 PETIT ARGENT, Platinum— jo. Courier, 
 Influenza — p. Lait, Serum lactis — p. Lait d' Hoff- 
 mann, Serum lactis Hoffmanni — p. Mai, see 
 
 Epilepsy — p. Sus-maxillo-lahial, Levator anguli 
 oris. 
 
 PETITE-POSTE, Influenza. 
 
 PETITS-LAITS, see Serum lactis. 
 
 PETROLEUM, Petroleum. 
 
 PETR^UM, Solidago virgaurea. 
 
 PETRAPIUM, Bubon Macedonicum. 
 
 PETREOLE, Petroleum. 
 
 PETREUX, Petrous— p. Os, see Temporal 
 bone. 
 
 PETRO DEL PORCO, Bezoar of the Indian 
 porcupine. 
 
 PETRO LE, Petroleum. 
 
 PETRO'LEUM, Petrol a' urn, Petr(B'leum,PeircB 
 oleum, Bitu'men Petroleum, Pissela'um In'dicum, 
 Bock Oil, Petroleum Barhaden'se, Barhadoes Tar, 
 (F.) Pitrole ou Petreole, from irtrpoj, 'rock,' and 
 cXaiov, 'oil.' A bituminous substance flowing 
 spontaneously from the earth, in various parts of 
 the world; of a fetid odour, and bitter, acrid 
 taste. It is semi-liquid, tenacious, semi-trans- 
 parent; of a reddish-brown colour; insoluble in 
 water and alcohol; combines with fixed and 
 essential oils and sulphur: and is partially solu- 
 ble in ether. The petroleum found at Gabian, 
 near Beziers, in France, has been called Oleum 
 Gabia'num, (F.) Huile de Gabian, Petroleum 
 rubrum. It has been given as an excitant ex- 
 pectorant; and, mixed with tincture of assafoe- 
 tida, in tapeworm. It is, also, used extern.ally in 
 chilblains, chronic rheumatism, aflFections of the 
 joints and skin, and paral3'sis. 
 
 Neio York Petroleum, called Sen'eca Oil, is 
 used externally in similar cases. 
 
 Petroleum Barbadense, Petroleum. 
 
 Petroleum Sulphura'tum, Bal'samum Sul- 
 phuris Bnrbaden'ae, — (Composed of petrol. Bar- 
 bad, ^xv^, flor. Sulpli. ^iv) has been used as a 
 pectoral; and as a detergent to ulcers. It has 
 been accounted antispasmodic and sudorific. 
 Dose, gtt. x. to xx.x. E.xternally, it is used as a 
 stimulant and discutient. 
 
 PETRO-OCCIP'ITAL, Petro-occipitalis. Be- 
 longing to the petrous portion of the temporal 
 bone and to the occipital bone. 
 
 Petro-Occipital Suture is formed by the 
 junction of the petrous portion of the temporal 
 with the occipital bone. It is a deep groove 
 separating the bones, which have between them 
 a thin layer of cartilage. 
 
 PETRO -SALPIN'GO-PHARTNGEUS. A 
 fleshy fasciculus, which extends from the sphe- 
 noid bone, from the petrous portion of the tem- 
 poral bone, and from the Eustachian tube to the 
 upper part of the pharynx. See Constrictor. 
 
 PETRO - SALPINGO - STAPHYLINUS, Cir- 
 cumflexus — p. Salpingo-staphylinus, Levator pa- 
 lati — p. Staphi/lin, Levator palati. 
 
 PETRO-SPHENOID'AL, Petro-sphenoida'Us. 
 Belonging to the petrous portion of the temporal 
 bone and to the sphenoid bone. 
 
 PETRO-SPHENoinAL SuTURE ; — a name given 
 to the small suture which is formed by the ante- 
 rior edge of the petrous portion of the temporal 
 bone and the posterior edge of the sphenoid. 
 
 PETROSAL, Petrous. 
 
 PETROSELINUM, Apium petroselinum — p. 
 Macedonicum, Bubon Macedonicum. 
 
 PETROSUM, OS, see Temporal. 
 
 PETROUS, Petro'sns, Petro'sal, (F.) Petreux, 
 Pierreux, from rfrpa, and ircrpog, 'a stone.' Re- 
 sembling stone; having the hardness of stone. 
 Relating or belonging to the petrous portion of 
 the temporal bone. 
 
 Petrous Gan'glion, Petro'sal Ganglion, Gan- 
 glion of Audersch, is formed by the glosso-pha- 
 ryngeal nerve, shortly after it emerges from the 
 
PETUM 
 
 701 
 
 PHAGEDENIC 
 
 jugular fossa. From this ganglion, M. Jacobson 
 of Copenhagen traced an anastomosing loop 
 through the cavity of the tympanum, which left 
 branches there, and was thence reflected down- 
 wards to join the Vidian nerve. — See Otic Gan- 
 glion. This has been called the Nerve of Jacob- 
 sou, Tyrnpan'ic branch of the glosso-jtharyngeal, 
 and the inosculation, Jacobson's Anastomo'sis. 
 
 Petrods Portion of Temporal Bone, see 
 Temporal Bone — p. Process, see Temporal Bone. 
 PETRons Si'nuses, Petro'sal Sinusen, are two 
 venous sinuses of the dura mater, connected with 
 the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and 
 distinguished on each side, into : — 1. The supe- 
 rior petrosal sinus. It arises from the cavernous 
 sinus ; follows the upper edge of the petrous por- 
 tion which affords it a gutter; passes into the 
 great circumference of the tentorium cerebelli, 
 and opens into the lateral sinus where the latter 
 experiences a bend near the base of the pars pe- 
 trosa. Its form is triangular. 2. The inferior 
 petrosal sinus arises from the cavernous sinus at 
 the same point as the last, with which it commu- [ 
 nicates at the moment of its origin. It descends I 
 between the inferior edge of the pars petrosa and 
 the basilary process; and terminates in the late- 
 ral sinus, at the. sinus or gulf of the internal ju- 
 gular vein. It is triangular, and broader at its 
 extremities than at the middle, 
 PEIUM, Nicotiana tabacum. 
 PETUX, Nicotiana tabacum. 
 PEUCE, Pinus sylvestris. 
 PEUCEA BALSAMEA, see Pinus abies. 
 PEUCED'ANUM, from TrcvKn, 'the pine tree,' 
 its leaves resembling those of the pine; P. offi- 
 cina'le seu alsnt'iciim seu altis'simum seu panicu- 
 la'tnm seu terna'tnm, Seli'num peuced'nnum, 3lrir'- 
 athrumsylves'tre, Marnthrophyl' lum, Pinnstel'him, 
 Foenic'ulum porci'num. Bonus Ge'nins, Hog's Fen- 
 nel, SnJphurwort, (F.) Peueednn, Queue de Ponr- 
 ceau, Fenouil de Pore. Ord. Umbelliferae. Sex. 
 Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The root has a strong, 
 fetid smell — somewhat resembling that of sul- 
 phureous solutions — and an acrid, unctuous, 
 bitterish taste. It has been recommended as 
 antihysteric and nervine. 
 
 Peucedanum ALSATicuAf. Pcucedanum — p. Al- 
 tissimum,Peueedanum — p. Officinale, Peucedanum 
 - — p. Oreoselinum, Athamanta aureoselinum. 
 
 Peucedanum Palus'tre, Thysse'lium seu 
 Seli'num palus'tre, Selinnm sylves'tre seu thysse- 
 li'num seu lactes'cens, Thysseli'nnm, Olsnit"ium, 
 Marsh seli'num, a European plant, has been re- 
 commended as an anti-epileptic. In Courland, it 
 has been a famous remedy in epilepsy. 
 
 Peucedanum Paniculatum, Peucedanum — p. 
 Pratense, P. silaus. 
 
 Peucedanum Si'laus, P.praten'se, Ses'eli pra- 
 ien'se. Slum seu Ligus'ticum seu Cnid'inm sil'aus, 
 Saxifraga vulga'ris seu An'gliea. Hippnmar'- 
 a thrum, Foenic' ulumer' rati cum, English vir Meadow 
 Sax'ifrage, (F.) Seseli des pres. The roots, 
 leaves, and seeds have been recommended as 
 aperients, diuretics, and carminatves. Piarely 
 used. 
 
 Peucedanum Ternatum, Peucedanum. 
 PEVPLTER, Vo^nlus— p. Baumier, Fagara 
 octandra = — p. de la Caroline, Fagara octandra — 
 p. Franc, Populus — p) Noir, Peucedanum. 
 PEXIS. Concretion. 
 
 PEY'EP.I GLAN'DUL^, Pey'eri Plexus glan- 
 dulo'si, Glnnd' nl(B Peyeria'noB seu muco'scB coag- 
 mina'tcp. seu agmina'tcF seu mncip'arm racema'tim 
 conges'tcB iutestino'vim seu intestinri'Jes plexifor'- 
 ma seu spn'rirs, Corpus'cula glandnla'rnm si- 
 mil'ia, Gland'tdcB in aqmen congregn'to'. infestino'- 
 riim, Enterade'nes. Peyer's Glands, Ag'minnfed 
 or aggregate gla,nds. Small glands or follicles, 
 
 situate beneath the villous coat of the intestines, 
 called after Peyer, who well described them. 
 They are clustered together, (F.) Plaques de 
 Peyer, having a honey-comb appearance — Pla- 
 ques gaufrees — and are extremely numerous. 
 They occur most numerously in the lower portion 
 of the ileum, and resemble, in their morphology 
 and functions, the lymphatic ganglions. Triey 
 are, evidently, concerned in the great function of 
 lyraphosis. 
 
 PEZA, -£^a, Doric and Arcadian for rov;, 'a 
 foot.' The foot : according to some, the sole of the 
 foot; and to others, the astragalus. The ankle. 
 
 PEZrZA seu PEZE'ZA AURICULA, from 
 i:ti,a, ' the sole of the foot,' Tremell'a auric'ula 
 JudcB, Auricula JudcB, Auricula'ria sambn'ci sen. 
 sambu'cina, Exid'ia auric'ula Jndce, 3feru'lius 
 auric'ula. Fungus sambu'cinus, Agar'icus Auric'- 
 uJcB forma, Jew's Ear. Ord. Fungi. This fun- 
 gus is said to be astringent; but has chiefly been 
 used as a gargle in relaxed sore throat. 
 
 PFEFFERS or PPAFFERS, MINERAL 
 WATERS OF, ThermcB Piperi'ncB, Th. fnba'- 
 ricB. These springs, which are in the Swiss Alps, 
 are simply thermal : temperature 100° of Fah- 
 renheit. 
 
 PHAGE, Pha'cen, Phacus, (paK-n, 'a grain of 
 the lentil,' Ervum lens. Also, chloasma; the 
 crystalline lens; and a flask for the Application 
 of heat, so called owing to its flattened lens-like 
 
 PHACELLUS, Fasciculus. 
 
 PIIACELUS, Fasciculus. 
 
 PHACHYMENITIS, Phacohymenitis. 
 
 PHACL Ephelides. 
 
 PHA'CICUS, Phaco'tus, Phaco'des ; from (paxij, 
 'lens.' Lens-shaped, lenticular. 
 
 PHACI'TIS, Phaco'idei'tis, Lenti'tis, CrystaU 
 li'tis, Cristalloidi'tis, Gleni'tis, from cjtaKOi, ' a 
 lens,' and itis, a termination denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the crystalline lens [?]. 
 Inflammation of the capsule of the lens is termed 
 Capsi'tis, Capsuli'tis, and Crystal'lino-capsuli'tis, 
 
 PHACO'DES, Phacicus. 
 
 PHACOHYMENI'TIS, PhaJcomeni'fis, Phac- 
 hijmeni'tis, Infamma'tio cap'sulcB lentis ; from 
 (paKog, 'a lens,' 'viitjv, 'a membrane,' and itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the cap- 
 sule of the crystalline. 
 
 PHACOIDEITIS, Phacitis. 
 
 PHACOMALACIA, Cataract, soft. 
 
 PHAC'OPIS, Phaco'tus; from ij>aicjj, 'lens.' 
 and KOTTig, 'a knife;' Sealpel'lum lenticula'rc. A 
 lenticulnr-shaped knife. 
 
 PHACOPS'IS, from (paxr;, 'lens,' and oi/(s, 'vi- 
 sion.' The state of one who has chloasma or 
 freckles on the face. 
 
 PHACOPTIS'ANA, Pha'cinm ; from (f>aKr,, 
 'lens,' and Trrtaavn, 'drink.' A drink of lentils. 
 A poultice of lentils. 
 
 PHACOS, Ervum lens. 
 
 PHACOSCOTOMA, Cataract. 
 
 PHACOTUS, Phacicus, Phacopis. 
 
 PHACUS, Phace. 
 
 PH^NIGMUS. Pheniemus. 
 
 PH^NOMENOLOGIA, Semeiology. 
 
 PH^XOMEXOX. Phenomenon. 
 
 PHAG^A'A. Boulimia. 
 
 PHAGEDENA, Boulimia, Phagedenic ulcer— 
 p. Sloughing, of the mouth. Cancer aquatieus — p. 
 Gansra?nosn. Hospital gan^rrene. 
 
 PHAGEDEX'IC, Phagedm'nicus, Depns'cens, 
 (¥.) Phngedeniqne, liongpani, from rfniyo), 'I eat.' 
 
 Phagedenic Ulcer, Kmne, PhagedcB'no, Ulcus 
 depas'eens seu obam'bnlans seu feri'num, (F.) 
 Ulcere phagedenir^ue ou rongeante, is one which 
 rapidly eats and corrodes the neighbouring parts. 
 
 Phageden'ic, in Materia Medica, is a substance 
 
PHAKOHYMENITIS 
 
 702 
 
 PHARMACODYNAMICS 
 
 used for destroying fungous granulations in ul- 
 cers, &c. 
 
 PHAKOHYMENITIS, Phacohymenitis. 
 
 PHALACRA, Calvities. 
 
 PHALACROMA, Calvities. 
 
 PHALACROSIS, Calvities. 
 
 PHALACROTIS, Alopecia. 
 
 PHALiBNA PINGUINALIS, see Eetozoa. 
 
 PHALAIA. A barbarous term, employed by 
 Basil Valentine to designate a universal medicine 
 or panacea. 
 
 PHALAN'GAL, Phalan'gian, Phalangia'mis, 
 from ipaXayl, fpaXayyoi, ' a phalanx.' Having re- 
 lation to a phalanx. 
 
 PHALANGARTHRI'TIS, from.faXayl.^aXay- 
 yo;, 'a phalanx,' apdpov, 'a joint,' and itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Gout in the fingers. In- 
 flammation of the joints of the fingers. 
 
 PHALANGE, Phalanx. 
 
 PHALANGES DBS DOIGTS,s&e Phalanx— 
 p. of the Fingers, see Phalanx — p. des Orteils, 
 see Phalanx — p. of the Toes, see Phalanx. 
 
 PHALANGETTES, see Phalanx. 
 
 PHALANGETTIEN. Professor Chaussier 
 uses this term for any thing relating to the third 
 phalanx of the fingers or toes, — Phalangien, for 
 what relates to the first, — and Phalanginien, to 
 the second. 
 
 PHALANGIAN, Phalangal. 
 
 PHALANGIEN', see Phalangettien. 
 
 PHALANGINES, see Phalanx. 
 
 PHALANGINJEN, see Phalanqettien. 
 
 PHALANGIUM ESCULENTUM, Scilla es- 
 culenta. 
 
 PHALANGO'SIS, Hiapid'itas, from ^aXay^, 
 <pa\ayyog, ' a phalanx,' ' a row of soldiers.' An 
 affection of the eyelids in which the lashes are 
 arranged in two or three rows. See Trichiasis. 
 Also, dropping of the upper eyelid, from paralysis 
 of the levator palpebrse superioris muscle. 
 
 PHALANX, Phalan'ge, Phalango'ma. Same 
 etymon. A name given to the small bones which 
 form the fingers and toes, because placed along- 
 side each other like a phalanx. They are distin- 
 guished into the Phalanges of the fingers, Ossa 
 seu Ag'mina sen A'cies sen Artic'uU seu SciUic'- 
 ula seu Scu'tidm seu Nodi seu Interno'dia seu 
 Scytal'ides seu Con'dyli Digifo'rtm Man&s ; and 
 the Phalanges of the Toes, Ossa seu Artic'uU seu 
 Interno'dia Digito'rum Pedis. I. Phalanges of 
 the fingers, (F.) Phalanges des dtji'jts. They are, 
 in each hand, fourteen, — three to each finger, and 
 two to the thumb ; and are situate one above the 
 other. They are distinguished, numerically, reck- 
 oning from the base towards the tip of the finger.' 
 
 1. "Z\\e. first or metacarpal, Procon'di/li, (F.) Pre- 
 mieres 2}halanges ou Phalanges metacarpiennes, 
 
 2. The second or middle -phalanges, (F.) Secondes 
 2}halanges ou Phalanges moyennes, Phalangines, 
 (Ch.) 3. The third phalanges, Metacon' dyli, Pha- 
 lan'ges xui'guium. (F.) Troisiemes phalanges ou 
 Phalanges ungneales ou nnguiferes ou unguinalcs, 
 Phalangettes (Ch.), which terminate each finger, 
 and support the nail. II. Phalanges of the toes, 
 (F.) Phalanges des Orteils. They are the same 
 in number as those of the fingers, but much 
 smaller, and of a very different shape. 
 
 The phalanges of a finger or toe are united 
 with each other ; and the first with the metacar- 
 pal or metatarsal bone. They are developed 
 from two points of ossification j one for the supe- 
 rior extremity, and the other for the body and 
 inferior extremity. 
 
 PHAL'ARIS CANARIEN'SIS. P. ova'ta, 
 (0aXa/)o? — from 0aa), ' I shine,' — 'bright, shining,' 
 in application to the seed,) Cul'tivated Canary 
 Grass, (F.) Alpiste. Ord. Gramineae. Sex. Sysl 
 Triandria Digynia. The seed of this grass. 
 Canary seed, (F.) Graines d'aspic, afford a nou- 
 
 rishing meal. The ancients recommended them 
 for allaying pains in the kidney and bladder. 
 PiiALARls ZiZANOiDES, Andropogon murieatus. 
 PHALLAL'GIA, Phallodyn'ia, from <pa\Xos, 
 'the male organ/ and aXyoj, 'pain.' Pain in the 
 male organ. 
 
 PHALLANCYLOSIS, Chordee. 
 PHALLI'TIS, Priapi'tis, from <pu\\og, 'the 
 male organ,' and itis, a suffix denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the male organ. 
 PHALLOCAMPSIS, Chordee. 
 PHALLOCARCINO'MA, from cfiaXXos, 'the 
 male organ,' and KapKivwjia, 'cancer.' Carcinoma 
 or cancer of the penis. 
 
 PHALLODYNIA, Phallalgia. 
 PHALLON'CUS, from (paXXos, 'the male or- 
 gan,' and oyKos, ' swelling.' Tumefaction of the 
 male organ. 
 
 PHALLOPSOPH'IA, from (panog, 'the male 
 organ,' and ifo^os, 'a noise.' Discharge of wind 
 from the male urethra. 
 
 PHALLORRHAG"IA, from <pa\\os, 'the male 
 organ,' and prjywiJii, ' I break out.' Hemorrhage 
 from the male urethra. Stimatosis. 
 
 PHALLORRHCEA, Gonorrhoea. 
 
 PHALLORRHOIS'CHESIS, from ,i,aXXo?, ' the 
 male organ,' porj, ' discharge,' and i(r;(£ir, 'to with- 
 hold.' Sudden arrest of a gonorrhoeal discharge. 
 
 PHALLUS, Penis — p. Esculentus, Morchella 
 esculenta. 
 
 PHANEROG'AMOUS, Phanerogam' ic, Phane- 
 rogam' icus, (F.) Phanerogame, from (pavepo;, ((paio, 
 'I shine,') 'evident,' and yapioi, 'marriage.' An 
 epithet used by botanists for plants whose sexual 
 organs are apparent. Itis, consequently, the op- 
 posite to cryptogamoiis. 
 
 PHANTASIA, Delirium, Imagination. 
 
 PHANTASM, Phantas'ma, Phanto'ma, Phas- 
 ma, from ^avra^u, (i^aivo), 'I bring to light,') ' I 
 make appear.' A phantom, false appearance, ap- 
 parition. Hallucination. Derangement of the 
 sense of sight or of the intellectual faculties, 
 causing objects to be perceived, which aru not 
 before the eyes. 
 
 PHANTASMA. Pseudoblepsia. 
 
 PHANTASMATICUS, Phantasticus. 
 
 PHANTASMATOSCOPIA, Metamorphopsia. 
 
 PHANTASMOSCOPIA, Metamorphopsia. 
 
 PHANTAS'TICUS, Inebriant. Creating '-.an- 
 tasms — phantasmat' icus. 
 
 PHANTOM, Fan torn — p. Tumour, see Fantom. 
 
 PHANTOMA, Phantasm — p. Obstetricium, 
 Fantom. 
 
 PHARMACEIA, Poisoning 
 
 PHARMACEUM, Apotheca. 
 
 PHARMACEUS, Apothecary. 
 
 PHARMACEUTA, Apothecary. 
 
 PHARMACEU'TIC, Pharmaeeu'ticus, Phar- 
 maceu'tical, Pharmaeentiea'lis, (F.) Pharmaceu- 
 tique, from (pap/xaKov, 'a medicine.' An epithet for 
 every thing belonging to pharmacy. Thus, we 
 say. Pharmaceutical preparations, &c. 
 
 PHARMACEUTICE, Pharmacv. 
 
 PHARMACEUTIST, Apothecary. 
 
 PHAR3JACIEN, Apothecary. 
 
 PHARMACOCATAGRAPHOLOG"IA, Cata- 
 grapholog"ia, Ars for'mulas concinnan'di, from 
 (papjiaKov, 'a medicine,' (cara, 'beneath,' ypacpt], 'a 
 writing,' and Xoyog, ' a description.' The art of 
 writing prescriptions. — J. J. Plenck. 
 
 PHARMACOCHYMIA, Chymistry, pharma- 
 ceutical. 
 
 PHARMACODYNAM'ICS, from ^apuaKov, ' a. 
 medicine,' and bvva^ig, 'power.' Phormacody- 
 nam'ice, Hynam'ical Jfateria ilediea, Pharmaco- 
 dynam'ica doctri'na, Pharmacodynamiolog"ia, A 
 division of pharmacology, which considers the 
 effects and uses of medicines. 
 
PHARMACODYNAMIOLOGIA 703 
 
 PHARYNGOGLOSSAL 
 
 PHARMACODTJS^AMIOLOGIA, Pharmaco- 
 dynamics. 
 
 PHARMACOGNOS'IA, Aceoguos'ia, Acngnos'- 
 ia, from ^ap/xaKov, ' a medicine,' and yvcoai j, ' know- 
 ledge.' A division of pharmacology, which treats 
 of simples, or unprepared medicines. 
 
 PHARMACOLOGIA, Materia medica. 
 
 PHAPlMACOMA'NIA, from (j>apyiaKov, 'a me- 
 dicine,' and fiavia, ' mania.' One who has a ma- 
 nia for prescribing or for taking medicine. 
 
 PIIARMACON, Poison. 
 
 PHARMACOPGE'IA, Pharmacopoe'a, Codex 
 medicamenta'rius, (F.) Pharmacopee, from fjiap- 
 jiaKov, ' a medicine,' and noitu), ' I make.' A work, 
 containing a collection of formulas for the pre- 
 paration, &o., of medicines : generally published 
 ijy authority. Formerly, a chemical laboratory, 
 Lahorato'rium chijm'icum seu pharmaceut' ictim. 
 
 PHARMACOPCEUS, Apothecary, Druggist. 
 
 PHARMACOPOLA, Apothecary, Druggist. 
 
 PHARMACOPOLE, Apothecary, Druggist. 
 
 PHARMACOPOLI'UM, Apothe'ca, Offici'na, 
 Taber'na Ifed'iea. The shop of the druggist or 
 apothecary, (F.) Apothi'eairerie, from (pappiaKOv, 
 'a medicine,' and ttuXem, 'I sell.' 
 
 PHARMACOPOS'IA, from (papjxaKov, 'a medi- 
 cine,' and TToo-ij, ' a potion,' A liquid medicine, 
 especially one that is cathartic. 
 
 PHARMACO'SA MEDICAMEN'TA, from 
 (jtapjiaKov, 'a poison.' Medicines that contain 
 poisonous substances. — Fallopius. 
 
 PHARMACOTHE'CA, (papnaKo^vKv, from 0ap- 
 fiaKov, ' a medicine,' and Ti^niHt ' I place.' A case 
 for medicines. A medicine chest. 
 
 PHARMACOTHERAPI'A, from 0ap^a^oi/, and 
 dcpaT:cia, ' treatment.' Cure of diseases by re- 
 medies. 
 
 PHARMACTER, Apothecary. 
 
 PHARMACUM, Medicament, Poison — p. 
 ^gyptiacum, :^gyptiacum — p. Amatorium, Phil- 
 ter. 
 
 Phar'macum ad Aures, jEgyp' tium Mediea- 
 men'i tni ad Aures. A name given to a medicine, 
 composed of bitter almonds, white pepper, saf- 
 fron, myrrh, opium, frankincense, castor, verjuice, 
 sulphate of iron, vinegar, pomegranate-bark, un- 
 guentum nardinum, &c. It was believed to be 
 ■ useful for cleansing fetid ulcers in the ears. 
 
 PHARMACURGICUS, Apothecary. 
 
 PHARMACURGUS, Apothecary. 
 
 PHAR'MACY, Pharmaci'a, Pharmaceu'fice, 
 Pharmax'ia, from (papiiaKov, 'a medicine.' The 
 art which teaches the knowledge, choice, preser- 
 vation, preparation, and combination of medi- 
 cines. It was formerly divided into Galen'iml 
 and Ckym'ical. The former, called after Galen, 
 embraced the operations undertaken on medi- 
 cines without chymistry; — the latter, Chymical 
 Phnrmacy or Pharniaceu' tic Ohyrnistry, Pharmn- 
 cochym'ia, comprised the preparation of medi- 
 cines, founded on the chymical action of their 
 principles. 
 
 PHARMAXIS, Pharmacy. 
 PHARNA'CEUM LINEA'RE, called after 
 Pharnaees, King of Pontus. A South African 
 plant, Nat. Ord. Paronychiacese, employed at the 
 Cape in pulmonary affections. It is generally 
 given in infusion. 
 
 PHARUS, Pharynx. 
 PHARYGATHRON, Pharynx. 
 PHARYGETHRUM, Pharynx. 
 PHARYNG^'UM (SAL.), from pTiarynx, 
 pharyngis. A compound of cream of tartar, 
 nitrate of potassa, burnt alum, and distilled vine- 
 gar. It was formerly employed, united with 
 honey and plantain-water, to make gargles, which 
 were advised in quinsy. 
 
 PHAR YNGE, Pharyngeal. 
 
 PHARYNGE'AL, Pharyng(B'n8,{Y.) Pharyngi, 
 
 Pharyngien. Same etymon. That which relates 
 to the pharyn.x. A name given to the muscles, 
 vessels, and nerves of the pharynx. 
 
 Pharyngeal, Arteries. These are two in 
 number. The one — stqjerior or ptcrygo-pa/atine, 
 Rattius Pharyngm'us supe'rror of Haller — arises 
 from the internal maxillary at the base of the 
 zygomatic fossa, passes through the pterygo- 
 palatine canal, and proceeds to be distributed to 
 the pharynx and the corresponding part of the 
 
 Eustachian tube. The other — the infoioi 
 
 PharyngcB'a ascen'dens of Haller — arises from 
 the external carotid, on a level with the facial. 
 It ascends along the lateral and posterior part 
 of the pharynx, and divides into two branches; 
 the one — the pharyngeal, properly so called — is 
 distributed to the pharynx; the other — the me- 
 ningeal — gives its branches particularly to the 
 dura mater. 
 
 Pharyngeal Nerve. A branch sent by the 
 pneumogastric to the pharynx. It descends be- 
 hind the internal carotid; communicates with 
 the glosso-pharyngeal ; and divides, opposite the 
 middle constrictor of the pharynx, into a great 
 number of filaments, which anastomose, in a mul- 
 titude of different directions, with filaments of the 
 glosso-pharyngeal nerve, of the superior laryn- 
 geal branch, and of the first cervical ganglion. 
 These different nervous filaments united consti- 
 tute the pharyngeal plexus, the irregular meshes 
 of which send numerous ramifications to the 
 pharynx. 
 
 Pharyngeal Voice, see Voice. 
 
 PHARYNGEMPHRAX'IS, from <pa(ivy^, <pa- 
 pvyyog, ' the pharynx,' und tp<ppa^is, 'obstruction.' 
 Obstruction of the pharynx. 
 
 PHARYNGETHRON, Pharynx. 
 
 PHARYNGEURYSMA, Pharyngocele. 
 
 PHARYNGICUS, Pharyngeal. 
 
 PHAR YNGIEN, Pharyngeal. 
 
 PHARYNGITE, Cynanche pharyngea — j9. 
 Tonsillaire, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
 
 PHARYNGITIS, Cynanche pharyngea. 
 
 Pharyngitis Apostemato'sa. Abscess of the 
 pharynx. 
 
 Pharyngi'tis, Diphtherit'ic, Angi'na pseiido- 
 membrana'cea seu wemhrana'eea seu pellicula'ris 
 seu plas'tica seu diphtherit'ica seu malig'na seu 
 pseudo-7nembrano'Ka seu 2)estilentia'lis, Pharyn- 
 goc'aee, Pseudo- membranous Inflammation of the 
 Throat, (F.) Angine couenneuse ou guttnrale cou- 
 ennense ou pseud o-membraneuse ou ^j?a.s<?'g'?/e ou 
 diphtheritique. From pharynx, and itis, denot- 
 ing inflammation. Diphtheritic inflammation of 
 the pharynx. See Cynanche maligna. 
 
 Pharyngi'tis, Follic'ular, ii^o/^)'ct(?ar Inflam- 
 mation of the Pharynx, Angi'na folliculo' sa of the 
 Pharynx, Acne of the Throat. Inflammation and 
 enlargement of the follicles of the pharynx, oc- 
 casionally extending to the larynx. Sometimes 
 termed Clergyman's Sorethroat, Tubercles of the 
 Larynx and Fauces, and Tuber'eular Sorethroat. 
 
 Pharyngi'tis, Gangrenous, Cynanche ma- 
 ligna. 
 
 PHARYNGOCACE, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic. 
 
 PHARYNGOCE'LE, Pharyngewys'ma, Di- 
 vertic'idum seu Hernia seu Prolap'sus OEsoph'agi 
 seu pharyn'gis, (Esoph'agua succenturia'tus, from 
 (papvy^, (papvyyo;, 'the pharynx,' and Kn^Vt '^ 
 tumour.' An enlargement at the upper part of 
 the gullet, in which the food sometimes rests in 
 considerable quantity. 
 
 PHARYNGODYN'IA, from <papvy^, fapyyyog, 
 'the pharynx,' and oSvvri, 'pain.' Pain in the 
 pharynx. 
 
 P H A R Y NGOGLOSS'AL, Glossopharynge'al, 
 Pharyngoglossia' nus. That which belongs to the 
 pharynx and tongue. 
 
 PHARYNGOGLOSSAL Nerve, Glossoptharyngeal 
 
PHARYNGOGRArHY 
 
 704 
 
 PHENIGMUS 
 
 Nerve, Liiygna'lis latera'Un, (F.) Nerf Glossojyha- 
 ryncjien, Pharyngoglossien — a portion of the 
 eighth pair — arises from the superior and lateral 
 parts of the spinal marrow, between the facial 
 and pneumogastric nerves, by several filaments, 
 which soon unite into a single cord, that passes 
 out of the cranium by the foramen lacerum ante- 
 rius ; goes downwards and forwards, and gains 
 the posterior and inferior part of the tongue. 
 Immediately after its exit from the cranium, it 
 gives a branch to the meatus auditorius esternus, 
 and receives a filament from the facial, and 
 another from the pneumogastric nerve. It then 
 furnishes two other filaments, which descend 
 upon the carotid artery, and unite at the bottom 
 of the neck with branches from the cervical gan- 
 glions and cardiac nerves, and give two filaments 
 to the stylo-pharyngeus muscle. The glossopha- 
 ryngeus, after sending a twig or two to the tonsil, 
 to the upper part of the pharynx and membrane 
 of the epiglottis, divides into many branches 
 which run partly to the margin, and partly to the 
 middle of the root of the tongue ; supplying, 
 especially, the papilliB majores, and the parts in 
 their neighbourhood. 
 
 By some, this nerve is regarded as the controller 
 of the associated motions of the tongue and pha- 
 ryn.ij. By others, it is esteemed to be the special 
 nerve of gustation. 
 
 PHARYNGOG ' RAPHY, Pharyngogra'pMa, 
 from ^apvy^, (fiapvyyo;, 'the pharynx,' and ypa<pr!, 
 'a description.' An anatomical description of 
 the pharynx. 
 
 PHARYNGOL'OGY, Pharyngolog"ia, from 
 (papuy^, (papvyyos, 'the pharynx,' and }ioyog, 'a 
 discourse.' The part of anatomy which treats 
 of the pharynx. 
 
 PHARYNGOLYSIS, Pharyngoplegia. 
 
 PIIARYNGOPARALYSIS, Pharyngoplegia. 
 
 PHARYNGOPLE'GIA, from (p'lpvy^, ^apvyyo;, 
 'the pharynx,' and Tr'K-naata, 'I strike.' Dyspha'- 
 gio parnlyt'ica seu for'pidn seu afon'ica, Aiigi'na 
 pnralyt'ica, Astheni'n DegliUitin'nis, PharyngoV - 
 ynin, Ph nryiignparf.d' y.rts, Paral'ysis CEsogph'agi, 
 Gtdcp Imhecil'litns. Paralysis of the pharynx or 
 oesophagus: commonly a symptom of general 
 paralysis, or of approaching dissolution. 
 
 PHARYNGORRHAG"IA; from <papvy^, <pa- 
 pvyyos. 'the pharynx,' and pay?!, 'rupture.' Hae- 
 morrhage from the vessels of the pharynx. 
 
 PHARYNGOSPAS'MUS,from^af)t)yi.(/.„puyyof, 
 'the pharynx,' and cnraajAos, 'spasm.' Spasm or 
 cramp of the pharynx. 
 
 PH A R Y N G STAPHYLINUS, Palato-pha- 
 ryngeus. 
 
 PHARYNGOTOJIE, PJiaryvgot'omus, from 
 (jiapvy^, (papvyyu;, 'the pharynx,' and renvw, 'I 
 cut.' An instrument, invented by J. L. Petit, 
 used to scarify inflamed tonsils, and to open ab- 
 scesses, which form in the parietes of the pha- 
 rynx. It is composed of a long, narrow blade 
 with a lancet point, enclosed in a sheath or 
 canula of silver slightly curved. This instrument 
 is carried to the part to be cut, and the point of 
 the blade is made to pass out of the sheath, by 
 pressing on a button at the end of the pharyngo- 
 tome. A spring causes the blade to re-enter as 
 soon as the pressure is removed. 
 
 PHARYNGOT'OMY, Pharyngotom'ia ; same 
 etymon. Some authors have used this word 
 synonymously with oesopha.gotomy. It means, 
 also, scarification of the tonsils, or an incision 
 made for opening abscesses there, &c. 
 
 PHARYNX, (ftapiy^, Pharynx, (papv^, Phariie, 
 Giilri, LcRmos, Fauces, Phnryg'ethrnm, Pharyn'- 
 gethron. PJwryn'gethrns,, Ph'arygnthron, hthmns, 
 hih'minn, hghi'vies, Princip'ium Gnlcp, Os poa'- 
 terum, Garges, (P.) Arriere-bonche, Gnsier, Gorge. 
 A species of musculo-membranous, symmetrical 
 
 canal, on the median line, irregularly funnel- 
 shaped, and situate between the base of the cra- 
 nium and the oesophagus, in front of the verte- 
 bral column. It is very narrow above ; but 
 dilates in the middle, and again contracts below, 
 at its junction with the oesophagus. Into the an- 
 terior paries of the pharynx open, successively, 
 from above to below,— the posterior orifices of the 
 nasal fossae ; the Eustachian tubes ; the posterior 
 aperture of the mouth, and the top of the larynx. 
 The pharynx is formed, externally, of a muscu- 
 lar coat, and, internally, of a mucous membrane, 
 which is continnous, above, with the Schneider- 
 ian membrane; and in the middle, with that of 
 the mouth; below, with that of the oesophagus; 
 and, at the sides, with that of the Eustachian 
 tubes. This membrane has no villi, and presents 
 only a few inequalities, which are owing to the 
 presence of muciparous follicles. The muscular 
 coat of the pharynx is composed of the constric- 
 tor muscles, stylopharyngei, and pharyngosta- 
 phylini. The vessels and nerves are called pha- 
 ryngeal. The pharyn.x serves as a common 
 origin for the digestive and respiratory passages. 
 It gives passage to the air, during respiration; 
 and to the food at the time of deglutition. 
 
 Pharynx, Follicular Inflammation of the. 
 Pharyngitis, follicular. 
 
 PHARYX, Pharynx. 
 
 PHASELUS, Phaseolus 
 
 PHASE'OLUS, (pacri'So;, (paario\os, <pa(Tio\os, P. 
 Viilga'ris, Phasi'olus, Phase'lus, Fase'lus, Fase'- 
 olun, Bonn, Boona, Faha ; Kidney Bean; French 
 Bean; (¥.) Faseole, Haricot. Orrf. Leguminosse. 
 Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. When young 
 and well boiled, this is easy of digestion, and 
 delicately flavoured. It is less flatulent than 
 the pea. 
 
 Phaseolus Creticus, Cajan, Cayan. A de- 
 coction of the leaves, according to Ray, restrains 
 the hemorrhoidal flux when excessive. 
 
 Phaseolus Vulgaris, Phaseolus. 
 
 PHASIA'NUS GALLUS, so called from the 
 river, 'I'ao-is, in Colchis, near the Black Sea: (F.) 
 Coq. The parts of generation of the cock, dried 
 and pulverized, were formerly regarded as proper 
 for increasing the quantity of semen. The fat 
 was used as emollient and resolvent; the brain, 
 in diarrhoea; the gall, in freckles and diseases of 
 the eyes. These phantasies are now abandoned. 
 
 PHASIOLUS, Phaseolus. 
 
 PIIASMA, Phantasm. 
 
 PHATNE. Alveolus. 
 
 PHATNION. Alveolus. 
 
 PHATNORRnAG"IA, Stomatorrhag"ia al- 
 veolo'rnm, from <paTviov, ' an alveolus,' and priyvvftt, 
 'I break forth.' Hemorrhage from the alveoli. 
 
 PHAUSIN'GES, (pavaiyyis, plural of (pavciy^, 
 from (pav^o), 'I roast.' Spots or blisters on the 
 legs, produced by heat; and, in a more extensive 
 signification, bj' any other cause. Also, a pus- 
 tule. — Foesius. 
 
 PHELLANDRE, Phellandrium aquaticum. 
 
 PHELLAN'DRIUM AQUAT'ICUM, Phellan- 
 drium, CEnan'Oie phellan'drinni seu aqitat'ira, Li- 
 gus'ticnm pjiellan'drinm, Fcenic'idiim aquat'icum, 
 Cicvta'ria. aquatica, Water Fennel, Fine-leaved 
 Water Hemlock, (F.) Phellandre, Fenouil d'eau, 
 eigne d'eau, Jilillefeville aquatique. Ord. Um- 
 belliferas. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. This 
 plant is stimulant and narcotic. It has been 
 used in intermittents and dyspepsia. It has, also, 
 been given in phthisis pulmonalis, and in eases 
 of scrofulous atonic ulcers. 
 
 PHENE, Benzole. 
 
 TUFi'SlG'MV S.Phoanig'muSjPhcBnig'mns, from 
 0o(vi|, 'red.' Bed Jaundice. A cutaneous aff"ee- 
 tion, consisting of redness diffused over the skin, 
 without fever. Sauvages makes it a genus of bis 
 
PHENOM^NE 
 
 705 
 
 PHLEGM 
 
 order TctenticB. Also, the act of irritating a part 
 by a stimulating application. 
 PHENOMiiNE, Phenomenon. 
 PHENOM'ENON, Phanom' enon, (F.) PMno- 
 meiie, from (paivonat, 'I appear.' An extraordi- 
 nary and unexpected event. In Medicine, it 
 means any change, appreciable by our senses, 
 which supervenes in an organ or function: — as 
 the phenomena, of the circulation, respiration, &c. 
 It is used in pathology, synonymously with 
 symptom. 
 
 PHENYLE, HYDRURET OF, Benzole. 
 PHEUGOPHOBIA, Hydrophobia. 
 PHEUGYDRON, Hydrophobia. 
 PHI'ALA, A Phial or Vial, (F.) Fiole, ^ia\ri, 
 ((luXrjt 'a vessel with a broad bottom.' A small 
 bottle, in which apothecaries are in the habit of 
 sending out their mixtures, draughts, &c.: hence 
 called Med'icine Vials, (F.) Fioles d Iledecine. 
 They are usually sold in grosses, and assorted 
 into vials of oz. 8; oz. 4j oz. 3; oz. 2; oz. IJ; oz. 
 1 ; and oz. ^. 
 'PHILADYNAMICA; Debilitanfs. 
 PHILANTHROPUS, Galium aparine. 
 PHILETRON, Philter. 
 PHILETRUM, Lacuna labii superioris. 
 PHILIA'TER, Philia'tros, (/.tXtarpof, from 
 (^iXcu), ' I love,' and larpiK?), ' medicine.' An ama- 
 teur of medicine. One who studies medicine; 
 Studio'siis medici'ncB. 
 
 PHILOBIO'SIS, (F.) Philobiosie: from 0<X£u, 
 ' I love,' and (Sios, 'life.' The love of life. 
 ^ PHILGE'NIA, from ^iXfu, ' I love,' and oivos, 
 
 'wine.' Love of wine. Addiction to wine. 
 PHILOGYNIA, Muliebrositas. 
 PHILONIUM LONDINENSE, Confectio opii. 
 PHILOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia. 
 PHILOPATRIDOMANIA, Nostalgia. 
 PHILOSOPHER'S STONE, see Alchymy. 
 PHILOSOPHIA CORPORIS VIVI, Physi- 
 ology — p. Hermetica, Alchymy — ji. per Ignem, 
 Chymistry. 
 
 PHILTER, from (pi\ew, 'I love.' Philtrum, 
 Phil'etron, Phile'tron, Phar'macum seu Poc'- 
 idiim amato'rium, Amato'rium venefic"iuvi, (F.) 
 Philtre. A medicine or drink considered capa- 
 ble of causing love. 
 
 PHILTRUM, Lacuna labii superioris. 
 PHILYRA, Tilia. 
 PHIMA, Phyma. 
 PHIMOS, Capistrum. 
 PHIMO'SICUS. Relating to Phimosis. 
 Sauvages calls Ischu'ria phimo'sica seu ure- 
 thra'lis a, pihimo'si, the retention of urine which 
 depends upon phimosis. 
 
 PHIMO'SIS, Phymo'ais, Capistra'tio, Epaffo'- 
 gium, Ligatu'ra glandis, Striciu'ra prcspu'tii, 
 Reduc'tio prcBjiu'iii im2}edi'ta, from (pt/tow, '1 bind 
 tight.' A disease which consists in a preternatu- 
 ral narrowness of the opening of the prepuce, so 
 that it cannot be carried behind the corona glan- 
 dis. This affection is most commonly congenital. 
 Sometimes it is accidental, and dependent upon 
 tumefaction of the glans, or of the prepuce, as 
 occurs in syphilis. To remedy this state, the 
 prepuce may be divided by means of a bistoury 
 and director; or circumcision may be practised. 
 Phimosis Adnata seu Congexita seu Pueri- 
 LIS, Congenital phimosis — p. Circumligata, Para- 
 phimosis — p. Congenita, P. adnata. 
 
 Phimo'sis (Edbjiato'des, Hydrophimo' sis. 
 Phimosis with edematous swelling of the pre- 
 puce. 
 
 Phimosis Puerilis, Ph. adnata. 
 PHLASMA, Contusion. 
 
 PHLEBARTERIODIALYSIS, see Aneurism. 
 PHLEBECTA'SIA, Phlcbee'tasis, from ^Xe^; 
 <liXe[ios, ' a vein,' and enTaats, 'dilatation.' Dila- 
 45 
 
 tation of a vein, or of a portion of a vein. — 
 Alibert. 
 
 PHLEBECTTARCTTE. A mongrel term, 
 from ^Xtt/', <p\t^os, 'a vein,' and arcto, '1 con- 
 tract.' Contraction of a vein. 
 
 PHLEBES, (Arteries.) See Artery. 
 PHLEBEURYSMA, Varix. 
 PHLEB'ION, diminutive of 0X£^l■, 0Xfi3os, 'a 
 vein.' A vein. — Hippocrates. A small vein, — 
 Ve'nida. 
 
 PHLEBIS'MUS, from (^iXsi/., (pXiff'ii, 'a vein.' 
 A term employed by Dr. MarshiiU ILiU for the 
 turgescence of veins, produced b}' impeded return 
 of the blood. See Trachelisnius. 
 
 PHLEBI'TIS, Inflamma'tio vena'rim, (F.) 
 Phlebite, Jit fl a mm at ion des veines, from ^Xti^', 
 ^XcjJos, 'a vein,' and itis, the termination for in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the inner mem- 
 brane of a vein, Endo-pldebi'tis, which sometimes 
 follows blood-letting, and extends from the small 
 wound made in that operation to the neighbouring 
 parts of the venous system. The symptoms are, 
 first, inflammation in the punctured part; and, 
 afterwards, a knotty, tense, painful cord, follow- 
 ing the direction of the vessel, and accompanied 
 with more or less fever, according to the extent 
 of the inflammation, the nervous symptoms, Ac. 
 Phlebitis, also, sometimes supervenes on the liga- 
 ture or excision of varices ; after amputation, 
 gun-shot wounds, delivery {Uterine Phlebitis, 
 Locho-metro-phlebi'tiSjMetro-pjhlrbi'tis piterpera'- 
 lis, Phlebi'tis vteri'na, Metri'tis veno'sa), the 
 ligature of the umbilical cord, &c. It may ter- 
 minate by resolution, suppuration, ulceration, or 
 gangrene. 
 
 Phlebitis, Crural, Pblogmatia dolens — p. 
 Uterina, see Peritonitis, and Phlebitis. 
 
 PHLEBOG'RAPIIY, Phhhogra'pMa, from 
 (/iXii//, <f\ejioi, 'a vein,' and yp'j<pv> 'a- description.' ' 
 A description of the veins. 
 
 PHLEB'OLITE, PhlehoV ithm, Vein stone, from 
 ^Xc-vl^, (pXtfioi, 'a vein,' and XiSoj, 'a stone.' A 
 loose concretion, varj'ing in size from that of a 
 currant to that of a pea, occasionally found in 
 the veins. It would seem to be formed in the 
 blood. 
 
 PHLEBOLITHUS, Phlebolite. 
 
 PHLEBOL'OGY, Phleholog"ia, from ^Xti//, 
 (j>\cPoi, 'a vein,' and Xoyoj, 'a discourse.' The 
 part of anatomj' which treats of the veins. 
 
 PHLEBOPA'LIA, from 4,^Xe^^, tpXt^oi, 'a vein,' 
 and iraXXo), 'I palpitate.' "With the aiicisnis, pul- 
 sation, which they conceived to be produced by 
 the veins. See Pulsus venarum. 
 
 PHLEBOPHTHALMOTOM'IA, Ophthalmo- 
 phlebotom'ia, from. <p\et^, (pXelio;, 'a vein,' o0-5aX- 
 lioi, 'the eye,' and rtuvoi, 'I cut.' Blood-letting 
 in the eye. 
 
 PHLEBOPLEROSIS ECPHRACTICA, In- 
 flammation. 
 
 PHLEBORRHAG"IA, from (pXn^; (pXi^oq, ' ti. 
 vein,' and priyvvj^t, 'I break out.' Rupture of the 
 veins ; and, in a more extensive sense, venous 
 hemorrhage. 
 
 PHLEBORRHEX'IS, from ,p\txp, (/.Xt/Sos, 'a 
 vein,' and prj^ig, 'rupture.' Rupture of a vein. 
 Also, hemorrhage from a vein, Phhborrhai/"ia. 
 
 PHLEBOSTENO'SIS, from <p\cip, (p\i(io<;, 'a 
 vein,' and artviacns, 'contraction.' Constriction or 
 contraction of a vein. 
 
 PHLEBOT'OMTST, from ^Xeif, (/-Xe/Jos, 'a vein,' 
 and rc/ivw, 'I cut.' A bleeder. One who prac- 
 tises particularly the art of phlebotomy. See 
 Blood-letting. 
 
 PHLEBOTOMUM, Fleam. 
 
 PHLEBOTOMY, see Blood-letting. 
 
 PHLEBS, Vein. 
 
 PHLEDONIA, Delirium. 
 
 PHLEGM, Phlegma, (pXtypa, Pitui'ta, Pit'uite, 
 
PHLEGMA NARIUM CRASSUM 70 6 
 
 PHLORIDZINE 
 
 3fucHs, Motlier, (F.) PMegme, PiUiite. One of 
 the four natural humours of the ancients, which, 
 according to them, was cold and moist, as atra- 
 bilis was cold and dry. It predominated, espe- 
 cially, in winter. 
 
 Pituita was afterwards applied to every aque- 
 ous or excrementitious humour, such as the sa- 
 liva, nasal and intestinal mucus, serum, &c. The 
 terms phlegm and pituita are no longer used in 
 physiology, — the different humours having re- 
 ceived particular names; but the vulgar still use 
 phhcpn to designate a stringy mucus, expecto- 
 rated, or rejected by vomiting. The ancient 
 chymists gave the name 'phlegm' to aqueous, 
 insipid, and inodorous products obtained by sub- | 
 jecting moist vegetable matters to the action of I 
 
 PHLEGMA NARIUM CRASSUM, Nasal mu- 
 cus — p. Vitrioli, Sulphuric acid (very dilute.) 
 
 PHLEG'MAGOGUE, Phlegmagn'cjua : from 
 (fiXzyjAa, 'phlegm,' and ayw, 'I expel.' A medi- 
 cine, formerly believed capable of "cutting" or 
 removing phlegm. 
 
 PHLEGMAPYRA, Fever, adeno-meningeal. 
 PHLEGMASIA, Inflammation, Phlegmon— p. 
 Adenosa, Adenitis — p. Alba dolens puerperarum. 
 Ph. dolens — p. Cellularis, Induration of the cel- 
 lular tissue — p. Glandulosa, Adenitis — p. Myoica, 
 Mj'ositis — p. of the Peritoneum, Peritonitis. 
 
 PHLEGMA'TIA, from ^Xcy/^a, (pXcynaros, 
 'phlegm.' (Edema, Anasarca, Hydrops. 
 
 Phlegma'tia Dolens, P. lac'tea seu dolens seu 
 alha dolens seu Leiicophlegmasia dolens seu Sjior- 
 gmw'sis seu Scelal'gia seu CEde'ma puerperarnm, 
 Scelon'cus, Anasar'ca sero'aa, £cphi/'?n<t cedemat'- 
 iciini, Eccli ijmo'ma li/mpkat'icn7n, Js'chias a spnr- 
 grnuj'si, CEde'ma lactenm, /nfnrc'tus lac'tei extre- 
 viita'tum, JIfetas'tasis lactis, Hjjsteral'gia gnlac'- 
 ticn, Hi/drophlegmn'sia textds cellulo'si, Crural 
 Phlehi'tis, White leg, Swelled leg, ililk leg. White 
 swelling of lijing in women, (F.) Qildeme rfes nou- 
 velles accouchees, CEdeme douleureiix des femmes 
 en couehe. Depot laiteux sur la cnisse, (Edeme 
 aetifdes nouvelles accouchees, Enflnre ou Engorge- 
 ment des jambes et des ciiisses de la femme accou- 
 chee, E. laiteux des membres abdoniinaiix. It 
 occurs, for the most part, in the second or third 
 week after delivery : — is limited to the lower ex- 
 tremity, and chiefly to one side: exhibiting to the 
 touch a feeling of numerous irregular prominences 
 under the skin. It is hot, white, and unyielding; 
 and is accompanied, sooner or later, with febrile 
 excitement. After a few days, the heat, hard- 
 ness, and sensibility diminish, and the limb re- 
 mains oedematous for a longer or shorter period. 
 The disease frequently, if not generally, consists 
 in the obstruction of the iliac or other veins. 
 Owing to the pressure of the gravid uterus — the 
 flow of blood being obstructed — the serous part 
 of it is thrown out into the cellular membrane of 
 the limb. Sometimes the vein is found completely 
 obliterated. 
 
 The treatment consists in the use of antiphlo- 
 gisties: — the application of leeches or cupping- 
 glasses near the groin, fomentations to the limb, 
 Ac; and, when the active state has subsided, the 
 use of a roller, applied gently at first, but, after- 
 wards, gradually tightened. 
 
 Phlegmatia Lactea, P. dolens. 
 
 PHLEGMATIiE, see Empresma— p. Membra- 
 nosse et parenchvraatosje, Empresma. 
 
 PHLEGMAT''lC, Phhgmat'icus, from >^\tyiia, 
 'phlegm.' Abounding in phlegm, — as the 'phleg- 
 matic or li/mphatic temperament.' 
 
 PHLEGMATOCHEMY, see Chemistry. 
 
 PHLEGMATOPYRA, Fever, adeno-menin- 
 geal. 
 
 PHLEGMATORRHAG"IA,P^?e<7ma?on7t«''a, 
 Catarrh, from (p'Xi.y^a, <p\eyftaTo;, 'phlegm,' and 
 
 ptoo, 'J flow.' Stahl and his partisans gave tliia 
 name to a copious secretion, by the nostrils, of a 
 limpid and thin mucus, without inflammation. It 
 is the Cory'za Phlegmatorrhag" ia of Sauvages, 
 See Coryza. 
 
 PHLEGMHYMENITIS, Phlegmymenitis. 
 PHLEGMON, from >t,Uyu>, ' I burn.' Phlogo'- 
 sis pthleg'mone, Phleg'mone, Phlegma'sia, Incen'- 
 dium, Infiamma'tio, (Prov.) Beat. Inflamma- 
 tion of the areolar texture accompanied with red- 
 ness, circumscribed swelling, increased heat and 
 pain ; which is, at first, tensive and lancinating ; 
 afterwards, pulsatory and heavy. It is apt to 
 terminate in suppuration. It requires the anti- 
 phlogistic treatment, until suppuration seems 
 inevitable, when the suppuration must be encou- 
 raged as the next favourable termination to 
 resolution. ^ ^ 
 
 PHLEGMON PERINJEPHRETTQVE, Pe- 
 riphrenitis — p. Peri-uterine, see Peri-uterine. 
 
 PHLEGMONE, Inflammation — p. Mammae, 
 Mastodynia apostematosa — p. Mastodynia, Mas- 
 todynia apostematosa — p. Parotidaea, Parotis — 
 p. Peritonosi, Peritonitis — p. Parulis, Parulis — p. 
 Musculorum, Myositis — p. Ventriculi, Gastritis. 
 PHLE03IONEUX, Phlegmonous. 
 PHLEGMONODES, Phlegmonous. 
 PHLEGMONOID. Phlegmonous. 
 PHLEG'MONOUS, Phlegmono'des, Phlc-g' mo- 
 noid, (F.) Phlegmoneux, from (pXtyjiovri, (^Xcyui, 
 'I burn,') 'a phlegmon,' and ciSos, 'resemblance.' 
 That which relates or belongs to or resembles 
 phlegmon. 
 
 Phlegmonous Inflammation is the active in- 
 flammation of the areolar membrane; in contra- 
 distinction to erysipelatous inflammation, or that 
 of the skin. 
 
 PHLEGMOPYRA, Fever, adeno-meningeal. 
 PHLEGMORRHAGIA, Blennorrhoea. 
 PHLEGM OUR HA GIE P ULM ON AIRE, 
 Bronchorrhcea. 
 
 PHLEGMORRHCEA, Blennorrhoea. 
 PHLEGMYMENI'TIS,/'/(/e-/OT%me«?'7is,from 
 <p\s.yna, 'phlegm,' 'vixvv, 'a membrane,' and itis, 
 the termination for inflammation. Inflammation 
 of a mucous membrane. 
 
 Phlegmymenitis Enterica, see Enteritis. 
 PHLEPS, Vein. 
 PHLOGIA, Inflammation. 
 PHLOGICUS, Inflammatory. 
 PHLOGISTIC. Inflammatory. 
 PHLOGISTICI, Empresma. 
 PHLOGISTON, Hydrogen. 
 PHLOGMUS, Verbascum thapsus. 
 PHLOGO'DES, from (/.Ao|, 0Aoyo<r, {<pXcyw, 'I 
 burn,') 'flame,' and eiSo;, 'resemblance.' Jn- 
 Jia'med, Inflamma'tus, Injlammato' rivs. Inflam- 
 matory. An epithet employed particularly to 
 express the red colour of the face. 
 PHLOGOGUS, Antiphlogistic. 
 PHLOGOPYRUS, Synocha. 
 PHLOQOSED, Inflamed. 
 
 PHLOGO'SIS, Incen'dium, Inflamma'tion, from 
 i^Xof, (pXoyoi, 'flame.' Some writei^s use this word 
 exclusively for external inflammation — phleg- 
 mon : others, for that which is superficial or ery- 
 sipelatous. 
 
 PHLOGOT'ICA, Inflammations. The second 
 order in the class Hwrnatica of Good. 
 PHLOIOS, Cortex. 
 PHLOMUS, Verbascum thapsus. 
 PIILOOS, Cortex. 
 
 PHLOR'IDZINE, Phloridxi'na, Phloridzin, 
 from (/)Aoof, 'inner bark,' and pi^a, 'root.' The 
 bitter or active principle of the root and trunk 
 of the apple, pear, cherry, and plum tree. It is 
 deposited from the decoction on cooling; crystal- 
 lizes in silky spicula of a dead white colour when 
 in masses, or in long slender prisms or tables. 
 
PHLOUS 
 
 707 
 
 PHOTOPSIA 
 
 wiien crystallized with care. 1000 parts of water, 
 at a temperature of from 32° to 71°, only dissolve 
 about one part; but at from V0° to 212°, it is 
 dissolved in all proportions. It is very soluble 
 in pure alcohol, but only slightly so in ether; 
 s. g. 1.429. It has been administered success- 
 fully in intermittents, — 10 to 20 grains being ge- 
 nerally required to arrest the paroxysm. It may 
 be given either in the form of pill or powder. 
 PHLOUS, Cortex. 
 PHLOX, Verbaseum thapsus. 
 PHLYCTiE'NA, Phlyctm'nis, Phhjctig, PMtj- 
 za'cioH, Ampull'cB, HolopMyc' tides, Phlyc'tides, 
 PM ysis, ^rom <p\v^<a, '1 boil.' Tumours formed 
 by the accumulation of a serous fluid under the 
 epidermis. 
 
 PHLYCT^NULA, see Hydatid. 
 PHLYC'TENOID, PhlyctenoVdes, from pTilyc- 
 tasna, and eiSo^, 'resemblance.' Resembling 
 phlyctaenae. An epithet for a variety of herpes. 
 PHLYCTEN'ULAR, same etymon as Phlyc- 
 tsena. Of or belonging to phlyct^nula, — as 
 jMyctenular ophthalmia; inflammation of the 
 eye, accompanied with phlyctsenulas on the 
 cornea. 
 
 PHLYCTIDES, Phlyctaena. 
 PHLYCTID'IUM, same etymon. A circular 
 or annular spot of inflammation of the corium, 
 encircled by a red ring or zone, within which 
 suppuration takes place. The genuine small-pox 
 pustule, and that produced by the application of 
 tartar emetic ointment, are examples of it. 
 PHLYCTIS, Phlyctaena. 
 
 PHLYSIS, <p\viji.s, same etymon. A cutaneous 
 eruption. An ulcerative, subcutaneous tumour : 
 flat, tensive, glabrous: diffused, hot, throbbing; 
 at length fluctuating, with an acrid ichor. — 
 Good. 
 
 Phltsis, Phlyctaena — p. Ecthyma, Ecthyma 
 — p. Impetigo, Impetigo — p. Porrigo, Porrigo — 
 p. Scabies, Psora. 
 
 PHLYZACIA, Ecthyma. 
 PHLYZACION, Phlyctaena. 
 PHOBODIPSON, Hydrophobia. 
 PHOCOM'ELUS, from (poiKv, 'a seal,' and 
 /teXos, 'a limb.' A monster, in which the limbs 
 are shortened ; the hands and feet appearing to 
 exist alone, and to be inserted immediately on 
 the trunk, as in the seals and the herbivorous 
 cetacea. — I. Q. St. Hilaire. 
 PHCENICINE, Hjematin. 
 PHOSNICISMUS, Rubeola. 
 PHCENIGMUS, Phenigmus — p. Petecbialis, 
 Purpura simplex. 
 
 PHCENIX DACTYLIFERA, Date tree — p. 
 Excelsa, Date tree. 
 
 PHCENODINE, Hsematin. 
 PHONA'TIOiSr, Phona'tio, from ^xovr;, 'voice.' 
 The physiology of the voice. 
 PHONE, Voice. 
 
 PHO'NICA, 0(i)ytKa, from (toivrj, 'voice.' The 
 first order of the class Pneumaticn, in Good's 
 Nosology. Defined: diseases affecting the vocal 
 avenues : — the passage of the voice impeded, or 
 its power suppressed or depraved. 
 
 PHONON'OSI, Phononu'si, from (povrj, 'the 
 voice,' and vocrof, *a disease.' Phonopathi' a, 
 3Iorhi vocis. Diseases of the voice. 
 PHONOPATHI^, Phononosi. 
 PHORA, Gestation. 
 PHORBE, Pabulum. 
 
 PHORONOM'IA, from (pzpw, 'I move,' and 
 vofio;, 'law.' The doctrine of muscular motion. 
 
 PHOROUS, from acpw, 'I carry.' A suffix de- 
 noting conveyance. Hence, Galactop/torous, &c. 
 PHOS, Light. 
 
 PHOSPHAS, Phosphate. A salt formed by 
 the union of phosphoric acid with a salifiable 
 base. 
 
 Phosphas Calciccm Stibiatdm, Antimonial 
 powder — p. Calcis stibiatus, Antimonial powder 
 — p. Natricum, Soda, phosphate of. 
 PHOSPHATE, Phosphas. 
 
 PHOSPHAT'IC, Phosijhat'icjis, from Phospho- 
 rus. Relating to the phosphates; hence the 
 Phosphat'ic Diath'esis is the habit of body which 
 favours the deposition of the phosphates from the 
 urine. 
 
 PHOSPHENE, see Photopsia. 
 PHOSPHORE, Phosphorus. 
 PHOSPHOR^NESES. M. Baumes unites, 
 under this generic name, diseases which he attri- 
 butes to disordered phosphorization ; i. e. to ex- 
 cess or deficiency of calcareous phosphates or its 
 decomposition. Amongst these affections he 
 ranks rachitis, osteo-malacia, and gout. 
 
 PHOSPHORES'CENCE, Phosphorescen'tia, 
 Luminos'ity ; froia phosphorus. The properties 
 possessed by certain bodies of being luminous in 
 obscurity, or under particular circumstances. 
 This phosphorescence has been occasionally wit- 
 nessed in man, when suffering from some wasting 
 disease, and near death. 
 
 PHOSPHORIC ACID, Ac"idtim phosphor'- 
 icum, {¥.) Aeidf. phosphoriqiie. Same etymon. A 
 solid, colourless compound; highly sapid; very 
 soluble in water, and vitrifiable by fire. It exists 
 in bones combined with lime. It has been em- 
 ployed in medicine in the form of lemonade, in 
 passive hemorrhage, typhus, phthisis, marasmus, 
 &c., and in injection in cases of cancer of tha 
 uterus. It does not seem preferable to other 
 acids. An Acid'um phosphor'icnm dilu'tum is o£&- 
 cinal in the London pharmacopoeia. 
 
 PHOSPHORNECROSIS, see Phosphorus. 
 
 PHOSPHORURIA, Urine, phosphorescent. 
 
 PHOS'PHORUS, Phos'phonim, J.utophos'pho- 
 rus, Ignis philosoph'ictts, Lumen constans, from 
 <poig, 'light,' and 0fpw, 'I carry.' (F.) Phosphore. 
 'A light carrier.' An elementary or undecom- 
 posed substance; not metallic; solid; transparent 
 or semitransparent: colourless; brilliant; flexible; 
 of a sensible garlic odour; very inflammable, 
 and susceptible of combining with the oxygen 
 of the atmosphere, at even the ordinary tempera- 
 ture. It does not exist pure in nature, but is 
 found frequently united to other bodies. Its 
 fumes in the manufacture of lucifer and Congreve 
 matches have caused, it is said, necrosis of the 
 lower jaw — Phosphomecro' sis, phosphorus jaie 
 disease, Lucifer-match-mahers' Disease. 
 
 Phosphorus has been used in medicine, dis- 
 solved in other or suspended in the yolk of egg, 
 as a stimulant ; but the greatest precautions are 
 necessary in its administration : hence it is rarely 
 employed. 
 
 Phosphorus Jaw Disease, see Phosphorus. 
 
 PHOSPHURIA, Urine, phosphorescent. See 
 Urine. 
 
 PHOTOCAMPSIS, Refraction. 
 
 PHOTOMA'NIA, from ^o;, ^uirog, 'light,' and 
 mania. Insane delirium induced by light. 
 
 PHOTOPHO'BIA, from <po)s, ^oirof, ' light,' and 
 (po^oi, ' fear.' Aversion to light : — intolerance of 
 light. Nyctalopia. 
 
 PHOTOPHOBICUS, Lucifugus. 
 
 PHOTOPHOBOPHTHALMIA, Nyctalopia. 
 
 PHOTOPHOBUS, Lucifugus. 
 
 PHOTOP'SIA, Visus lu'cidus, from <pws, (payro;, 
 ' light,' and aijj, ' the eye.' A false perception 
 of light, as of sparks, flashes of fire, &c., occa- 
 sioned by certain conditions of the retina and 
 brain, and by pressure on the eyeball. When 
 pressure does not induce the luminous appear- 
 ance, (F.) Phosphene, the existence of amaurosis 
 may be inferred. See Metamorphopsia. 
 
PHOTURIA 
 
 708 
 
 PHTHISIS 
 
 PHOTU'RIA, from 0us, ^ui-of, 'light,' and 
 ovpov, 'urine.' A luminous condition of the urine. 
 
 PHE.AGMOS, (ppay/jLos, ' a fence,' from (jtpaaaw, 
 'I enclose.' A row of teeth. 
 
 PHRASIS, Voice, articulated. 
 
 PHRASUM, Marrubium. 
 
 PHREN, tppriv, ' the mind.' Also, the dia- 
 phragm and scrobieulus cordis. 
 
 PHRENAUX'E, Hi/pertroph'ia cer'ebri, from 
 (pptjv, 'the mind, the organ of mind,' and av^ri, 
 'increase.' Hypertrophy of the brain. 
 
 PHRENATROPH'IA, Atroph'ia cer'ebri, from 
 (ppvv, 'the mind, the organ of mind,' a, priv., 
 and Tpo(p7], 'nourishment.' Wasting or atrophy 
 of the brain. 
 
 PHRENES, Diaphragm. 
 
 PHRE\ESIA, Phrenitis. 
 
 PHRENESIE, Phrenitis. 
 
 PHRENESIS, Delirium, Phrenitis. 
 
 PHRENETIASIS, Delirium, Phrenitis. 
 
 PHRENETISMUS, Phrenitis. 
 
 PHRENIC, Diaphragmatic. 
 
 PHRE'NICA, from (l>p^v, 'the mind.' Diseases 
 affecting the intellect; characterized by error, 
 perversion, or debility of one or more of the men- 
 tal faculties, (Phrenopatlii'a.) The first order of 
 the class Neurotica of Good. Also, remedies that 
 aflFect the mental faculties — Phren'ics. — Pereira. 
 
 PHRENICS, see Phrenica. 
 
 PHRENICULA HYDROCEPHALICA, Hy- 
 drocephalus internus. 
 
 PHRENISMUS, Phrenitis. 
 
 PHRENPTIS, Phren'esis, Phrene'sia, Phre- 
 neti'asis, Phrenis'mvs, Phrenetis'mns, Ce2}hali'tis, 
 Eneephali'tis, Cerehri'tis, Cephalal'gia injlamma- 
 to'ria, Karabitus (Arab.), Sibare, S]jhacelis'miis 
 cer'ebri, Empres'ma cephaWtis, Siri'asis, Seiri'- 
 asis, Sidera'tio, Inflamma'tio seu Oaitma phretii'- 
 tia, Phrenay, Delirium, Brain Fever, (F.) Phrene- 
 sie, Cerebrite, Inflammation du cerveau et du 
 cervelet, from ippny, 'the mind,' and itis, denoting 
 inflammation. A disease characterized by violent 
 pyrexia, pain in the head, redness of the face and 
 eyes, intolerance of light and sound, watchful- 
 ness, and delirium, either furious or muttering. 
 Its causes are the same as those of other inflam- 
 mations : sometimes, however, it is induced by a 
 Coup de soleil; by inebriation; violent mental 
 emotions, &c. Some authors have given the name 
 Phrenitis and BTeningitis to inflammation of the 
 membranes of the brain; and that of CepJialitis, 
 Encephalitis, or Cerebritis to inflammation of the 
 substance of the brain; but there are no pathog- 
 nomic symptoms, which can lead us to refer the 
 seat of the disease to either of those parts exclu- 
 sively. Phrenitis is, of course, a very dangerous 
 affection, from the importance of the organ con- 
 cerned. The most active treatment must neces- 
 sarily be pursued. Repeated bleeding; purging; 
 the application of ice to the shaved head; a po- 
 sition in which the head is raised : and the avoid- 
 ing of irritation of every kind ; — form the reme- 
 dial means during the violent stage. After this 
 has yielded, counter-irritants to the nape of the 
 neck or to other parts of the body will be useful 
 adjuvants. When the brain and meninges were 
 affected only symptomatically, as in inflammation 
 of the diaphragm, the disease was formerly called 
 Priraphreiiitis. 
 
 Hydrocephalus acntus is a variety of phrenitis. 
 
 Phrenitis Calentura, Coup-de-soleil—-p. La- 
 trans, Hydrophobia— p. Potatorum, Delirium tre- 
 mens— p. Verminosa, Vercoquin. 
 
 PHRENO-GLOTTISM, Asthma thymicum. 
 
 PHRENOLOGY. Craniology. 
 
 VRRENO-UACT'J^ETlSM,Phreno-mes'merism, 
 Mes'mero-phrenol' orjy. A term applied to the con- 
 dition of a mesmerized person, in which, when 
 any cerebral or phrenological organ — so called — 
 
 is touched, the functions of the organ are mani- 
 fested. It has been established, that no such 
 phenomena can be elicited in children, or in 
 those who have never seen a phrenological cast 
 or picture. 
 
 PHRENOPARALYSIS, see Paralysis. 
 
 PHRENOPATHIA, see Phrenica. 
 
 Phrenopathi'a ^the'rea. The aggregate 
 of encephalic phenomena induced bj' the inhala- 
 tion of ether. 
 
 PHRENSY, Phrenitis. 
 
 PHRICASMUS, Horripilation. 
 
 PHRICE, Horripilation. 
 
 PHRICIA, Horripilation. 
 
 PHRICIASIS, Horripilation. 
 
 PHRICO'DES (FERRIS,) from ^ikt,, ' z. sh\~ 
 ■ver'mg;' Horrif'ica. A fever in which the chill 
 is very intense and prolonged. 
 
 PHRYAGMA, Shuddering. 
 
 PHRYTTE, Colophonia. 
 
 PHRYG"IUS (LAPIS). An earthy matter, 
 found in Phrygia and Cappadocia, and formerly 
 employed as an astringent. — Gorrieus. 
 
 PHTHARMA CALIGO, Caligo— p. Cataraeta, 
 Cataract — p. Glaucoma, Glaucoma. 
 
 PHTHEIR, Pediculus. 
 
 PHTHEIRE'MIA, from (pQtipio, 'I corrupt,' 
 and 'aipta, 'blood.' A state in which the plastic 
 powers of the blood are deteriorated. 
 
 PHTHEIRrASIS,P7i/Ai>rasr«,c!,^apia(Jij,from 
 (p&£ip, 'a louse;' Morbtis pedicnlo'sus seu pedicu- 
 la'ris, Prxiri'go pedicula'ris, Pedicvln'tio, Mnlis 
 pedic'uli, Peta'le, Lousiness, Lousy disease, (F.) 
 Maladie pediculaire, Phthiriase. A disease 
 which consists in the excessive multiplication of 
 lice on the human body, under conditions in 
 which it does not ordinarily take place, and in 
 spite of cleanliness. It has been asserted that 
 the affection has often caused death. Simple and 
 medicated baths have been recommended for its 
 removal ; lotions of the decoction or infusion of 
 tobacco and stavesacre, mercurial frictions, &c. 
 
 PHTHEIRIUM, Delphinium staphisagria. 
 
 PHTHEIROCTONUM, Delphinium staphi- 
 sagria. 
 
 PHTHINAS, Phthisis. 
 
 PHTHINODES, PhthL^icus. 
 
 PHTHTRTASE, Phtheirinsis. 
 
 PHTHIRIASIS, Malis, Phtheiriasis. 
 
 PHTHIRIUM SCABIEI, see Psora. 
 
 PHTHIRIUS, Antiparasitic — p. Inguinalis, 
 see Pediculus. 
 
 PHTHIROCTONUS, Abortive. 
 
 PHTHIROPORON, Autumn. 
 
 PHTHISES: same etymon as Phthisis. In 
 the classification of Fuchs, diseases attended 
 with ulceration, hectic fever, and emaciation. 
 
 PHTHISIC, Phthisis. Also, a slight tickling 
 cough, (Prov. ) Tissick. 
 
 PHTHISICAL, Phthisicus. 
 
 PHTHIS'ICUS, Phthino'des, Phthh'icnl, Tis'- 
 ical, (F.) PhtTiisique, Poitrinaire ; same etymon 
 as phthisis. Belonging to phthisis. Also, one 
 labouring under phthisis, or who is consumptive. 
 
 PHTHTSIE, Phthisis pulmonalis— ;j. Aiyue, 
 Consumption, galloping —p. Ccdculeuse, Calculi, 
 pulmonary, see Lithiasis pulmonum — p. Carcino- 
 matetise, Phthisis, cancerous — p'- Oalnpnnte, Con- 
 sumption, galloping — p. avec 3Iehniose, Anthra- 
 cosis pulmonum — p. 3Iesenter!qne, Tabes mesen- 
 terica — p. Tracheale, see Phthisis laryngea — p. 
 Tulerculense, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 PHTHISIOL'OGY, Phthisiolor/'ia, from <p&i7^;, 
 and )i.oyog. A treatise on phthisis. 
 
 PHTHISIOSIS. Tubercular consumption. 
 
 PHTHISI- PNEUMONIA, Phthisis pulmo- 
 nalis. 
 
 PHTfflSTQUE, Phthisicus. 
 
 PHTHISIS, Phthoe, Phthinas, Tabes, Te'ee- 
 
PHTHISIS 
 
 709 
 
 PHTHISIS 
 
 do7i, Consumption, Decline, Phthin'ic, Tis'ic, from 
 ^0iu), ' I waste away, I decay.' This word, taken 
 in a general sense, means progressive emaciation 
 of every part of the body. It is usually, how- 
 ever, restricted to phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 Phthisis Acuta, Consumption, galloping — p. 
 Black, see Anthracosis. 
 
 Phthisis, Bron'chial, Phthisis hronchia'lis. 
 
 -Phthisis occasioned by the pressure of enlarged 
 
 'tuberculous bronchial glands, which, not unfre- 
 
 qiiently, communicate with caverns in the lungs, 
 
 or with the bronchia. 
 
 Phthisis Calculosa, Lithiasis pulmonum. 
 
 Phthisis, Can'cerous, Scirrhus, Carcinoma et 
 Fungus Pulmo'num, 3Ied' ullary or Enceph'aloid 
 Titniour of the Lung, (F.) Cancer da Poumon. 
 Cancer of the lung, which gives rise to carci- 
 nomatous phthisis, (F.) Phthisic carcinomateuse, 
 of Bayle. 
 
 Phthisis Consumm"ata, see Ph. pulmonalis — p. 
 Dorsalis, Tabes Dorsalis — p. Dyspeptic, see 
 Phthisis — p. Exulcerata, Ph. pulmonalis — p. 
 Hepatica, Hepato-phthisis — p. Ischiadiea, Is- 
 chio-phthisis. 
 
 Phthisis Larynge'a, Chronic Laryngi'tis, Ln- 
 ryngi'tis et Trachei'tis chron'ica, Tuberculo'sis 
 laryn'gis et traehe'cB, Laryn'go-et-Tracheophth!sis, 
 Laryngophthisis, Ul'cera seu Helco'sis Laryngis, 
 (F.) Phthisie laryngee, Ulcere du larynx, Laryn- 
 gite aveo sSoretion de Pus, is a species of con- 
 sumption analogous to phthisis pulmonalis, pro- 
 duced by inflammation and ulceration of the in- 
 terior of the larj'ns, and sometimes by caries of 
 the cartilages. Phthisis trachca'lis, Tracheo- 
 phthi'sis, (F.) Phthisie tracheale, is a similar affec- 
 tion, seated in the trachea. Chronic inflammation 
 of the larynx and trachea may exist, however, 
 without tubercles or phthisis. 
 
 Phthisis Meseraica, Tabes mesenterica — p. 
 Nodosa, Ph. pulmonalis — p. Mucosa, see Bron- 
 chorrhcea — p. Notias, Tabes dorsalis — p. Pitui- 
 tosa, see Bronohorrhcea. 
 
 Phthisis Pulmona'lis, Ph. pulmo'num seu 
 puhnona'ris seu nodo'sa pidmona'lis vera seu 
 tuherculo'sa seu scrophulo'sa seu tuhercnlo-idce- 
 ra'ta seu 2^'"'>'len'ta exulcera'ta seu exulcera'ta, 
 jifaras'mus sen Hee'tica seu Hcsmop'tysis phthisis, 
 Passio vomicof'lua, Phthisi-pneumo'nia, Tabes 
 pulmona'lis seu pulmo'num, Ulcus pulmonum, Hel- 
 co'sis pudmona'lis, Pneumonoplithi' sis, Pneumo- 
 nojih'thoe, Pneumop'thoe, Pulmo'nia, Tuberculo'- 
 sis Pulmo'num, Gongrophthi' sis, Morbus Ang'licxis, 
 Tuberculous disease of the lungn, Pulmonary con- 
 sumption, Consumption, Decline^ Phthisic, Tisic, 
 (Sc.) Teasick, (P.) Phthisie, P. pulmonaire seu 
 tti.herculeuse, Crachement de pus. Occasionally, 
 this formidable disease occurs accidentally : but, 
 usually, it is caused by a conformation obtained 
 from progenitors. This, at least, predisposes to 
 it; and but a slight exciting cause maybe re- 
 quired to rouse the predisposition into action. It 
 is less a disease of the torrid zone; and in the 
 temperate regions of the globe, its pathology is 
 often intimately allied with that of scrofula. It 
 consists in the formation of tubercles in the 
 lungs, which sooner or later inflame and break 
 down. In such a constitution, ulcerations of 
 ' the lungs do not readily heal ; and hectic fever 
 — the universal attendant upon irritability and 
 debility — is established. This persists, and 
 gradually wears down the patient, till he ulti- 
 mately expires, exhausted by the irritative 
 fever. The chief symptoms are the following. 
 The patient feels a sense of uneasiness in the 
 chest, with severe fits of coughing, or a short 
 and dry cough with dyspnoea. This may be 
 considered the incipient stage. The cough then 
 becomes extremely troublesome, especially in 
 the morning; and dyspnoea is increased on the 
 
 slightest exertion. The expectoration is evidently 
 purulent, with fever in the evening, and circum- 
 scribed redness of the cheeks; wasting and col- 
 liquative sweats early in the morning. This must 
 be considered the confirmed stage, — Phthisis con- 
 summa'ta, Pneumophthi' sis. In the third, or last 
 stage, the hectic is constant, with small pulse, 
 pungent heat, colliquative sweats, and diarrhoea. 
 The weakness becomes extreme, and the patient 
 exhausted. Physical Signs. — 1. In the first 
 stage, whilst there are yet scattered miliary tu- 
 bercles, — the only appreciable change at the ex- 
 terior of the chest, and this is not constant, is a 
 want of freedom in the movements under one or 
 both clavicles. Percussion will generally disco- 
 ver a slight diminution of sound corresponding 
 to the summit of one lung. In the same situa- 
 tion, auscultation shows that the inspiratory mur- 
 mur is either weaker, rougher, or confused. The 
 sound of expiration is more distinct. The voice 
 and cough are rather more resonant, and wheez- 
 ing or mucous rales are occasionally heard in the 
 same region. 2. When the tubercular deposition 
 has become more abundant, the motion of the 
 chest is more markedly diminished under one or 
 both clavicles. The loss of sound on percussion 
 is more distinct, the inspiration, on auscultation, 
 is bronchial, the expiration louder and more su- 
 perficial, and the resonance of the voice and 
 cough is increased. The rest of the lung is per- 
 haps healthy, or the respiration may be peurile. 
 .3. When the tubercles are undergoing softening, 
 — in addition to the preceding signs, auscultation 
 exhibits a subcrepitant rale around the apex of 
 the lung, decreasing from above downwards. It 
 is most distinct during or after the cough, and at 
 the close of a deep inspiration. As the disease 
 proceeds, the bubbling becomes successively 
 larger, and ultimately gargouillement is heard. 
 The inspiration and expiration are cavernous or 
 tracheal. The voice and cough indicate unusual 
 resonance and pectoriloquy. The intercostal 
 spaces are often depressed locally, and percussion 
 may become gradually clearer and even tympa- 
 nitic as the cavern increases. 
 
 It is only in the incipient state of this formi- 
 dable disease, that advantage can be expected 
 from any plan of treatment; and of all means 
 that can be devised, that of removing to a climate 
 in which air and exercise can be daily enjoj'ed 
 during the autumnal, winter, and spring months 
 is the best. See Climate. If this be impracti- 
 cable, the patient must be kept in a regulated 
 temperature, taking care that the chamber is 
 duly ventilated; and gestation in the open air be 
 used,'whenever the atmosphere, although cold, is 
 dry. The other indications will be : 1. To mode- 
 rate inflammatory action : 2. To suppoi-t the 
 strength; and, 3. To palliate urgent symptoms. 
 The whole treatment indeed is palliative. Coun- 
 ter-irritants relieve pain : demulcents and mild 
 opiates alleviate the cough : the mineral acids, 
 united with opium, relieve the colliquative sweats : 
 and chalk and opium the diarrhoea. 
 
 Dr. Wilson Pliilip has pointed out a particular 
 species of phthisis, which is characterized, in the 
 early stage, by a deranged state of the digestive 
 organs; flatulent, irregular bowels; furred tongue; 
 impaired appetite; unnatural faeces; and the epi- 
 gastric region more or less full and tender on 
 pressure. The affection of the lungs is here 
 secondary. He calls it Byspeptic phthisis. 
 
 Phthisis Pulmonalis Purulenta Exulce- 
 rata, Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Pulmonalis sero- 
 fulosa. Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Pulmonalis tu- 
 berculosa. Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Pulmonalis 
 tuberculosa- ulcerata. Phthisis pulmonalis — -p. 
 Pulmonalis vera, Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Pupil- 
 lae, Synezisis — p. Pupillaris, Myosis — p. Scrophu- 
 
PHTHISFRIA 
 
 710 
 
 PHYSIOLOGICAL 
 
 losa, Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Sicca, Tabes dor- | 
 salis — p. Tuberculosa, Phthisis pulmonalis — p. I 
 TJterina, Metrophthisis — p. Vesicalis, Cysto- 
 pbthisis. 
 
 Phthisis Weed, Ludwigia palustris. 
 
 PHTHISURIA, Diabetes. 
 
 PHTUISURIE, Diabetes— p. Sucree, Diabetes 
 mellitus. 
 
 PHTHOE, Phthisis. 
 
 PHTHOIS, Pastil, Troehiscns. 
 
 PHTHOISCOS, Pastil, Troehiscus. 
 
 PHTHONGODYSPHORIA, Hyperacusis. 
 
 PHTHORA, Abortion, Corruption, Plague. 
 
 PHTHORIUS, Abortive. 
 
 PHTHOROCTONUS, Abortive. 
 
 PHUCAGROSTIS MINOR, Pila marina. 
 
 PHUSCA, Oxycrate. 
 
 PHYGANTHROPIA, Misanthropia. 
 
 PHYGETH'LON, Panus, Phypella, from ^uu, 
 'I grow,' [?]. Inflammation of the superficial 
 lymphatic glands, not ending in suppuration. 
 
 PHYLA CTERION, Amuletum. 
 
 PHYLACTE'RIUM, (pvXaKTnpiov, from ,pv\aaa(0, 
 ' I preserve.' A Phylac'tery, (F.) Phylacth-e. 
 An amulet : — a prophylactic. 
 
 PHYLAXIS, Conservation. 
 
 PHYLLAN'THUS URINA'RIA, Bwhohum- 
 la. Orel. Euphorbiaceae. A plant employed in 
 Ceylon, in decoction, as a diuretic. 
 
 PHYLLITIS, Asplenium scolopendrium — p. 
 Muraria, Asplenium ruta muraria — p. Rotundi- 
 folia, Asplenium trichomanoides. 
 
 PHYMA, Phima, from <pvo), '1 grow.' With 
 the ancients, this word was used with great lati- 
 tude : sometimes, in the sense of phlegmon, for 
 tumours larger than a boil, and perfectly suppu- 
 rative. In the nosology of Sauvages, Phymata 
 is an order of diseases, to which he refers erysi- 
 pelas, oedema, phlegmon, emphysema, soirrhus, 
 &,o. In that of Dr. Good it is a genus, including 
 hordeolum, furunculus, sycosis, and anthrax. 
 
 Phyma Anthrax, Anthrax — p. Anthrax ter- 
 minthus, Terminthus — p. Sycosis, Sycosis. 
 
 PHY'MATOID, Phymatoi'des, (F.) Phyma- 
 tolde, from ^vjia, 'a tubercle,' and eihoi, 'resem- 
 blance.' A state of cancerous tissue, in which 
 the dull yellow hue and the consistence resemble 
 those of tubercle. — Lebert. 
 
 PHYMATO'SES, from (pvna, 'a hard tumour.' 
 Tuberculous diseases. — Fuchs. 
 
 PHYMATOSIS, Excrescence— p. Cerebri, En- 
 eephalophymata — p. Elephantiasis, Elephantia- 
 sis — p. Lupus, Lupus — p. Verrucosa, Verruca. 
 
 PHYMOSrS, Phimosis. 
 
 PHYPELLA, Phygethlon. 
 
 PHYSA, Crepitation. 
 
 PHYSAGOGA, Carminatives. 
 
 PHY'SALIS, from ipvaa, ' a bladder,' referring 
 to the inflated calyx, P. Alkelcen'gi seu halicnc'- 
 ahum, Sola'num vesiaa'ri'tim, Aldwchen'ge, Alke- 
 Teen'gi, Halicac' ahum. Winter Cherry, (F.) Alke- 
 kcnge, Ooqueret. Ord. Solanaeese. Sex. Syst. 
 Pentandria Monogynia. The berries are recom- 
 mended as a diuretic, from 6 to 12 for a dose, in 
 dropsical and calculous cases. It has been af- 
 firmed, that the whole plant — twigs, leaves, cap- 
 sules and berries — possesses the antiperiodie vir- 
 tues of Cinchona. 
 
 Physalis Alkekengi, Physalis — p. Halicaca- 
 bum, Physalis — p. Obscura, Ph. viscosa — p. Penn- 
 sylvanica, Ph. viscosa — p. Pubescens, Ph. viscosa 
 — p. Stramonium, Anisodus luridus. 
 
 Physalis Visco'sa, P.o6se?«')-a seu Peinmylvan'- 
 ica seu puhes'cens, Ground cherry ; indigenous. 
 The berries are said to be diuretic and sedative. 
 
 PHYSCE, Abdomen, Colon. 
 
 PHYSCIA ISLANDICA, Lichen Islandica — 
 p. Nivalis, Lichen caninus. 
 
 PHYSCO'NIA, from ipvcKoiv, 'the paunch.' 
 
 Ventroa'itas, Ecphy'ma physco'nia, Hyposar' ca, 
 Emphrac'tfea, Viseo'nia, Hypersarehid'ios, Pot- 
 helly, Pendulous ahdo'men, Swaghelly, Gorhelly, 
 (Prov.) Gotchhelly, Pedhelly. A generic term, 
 under which Sauvages has comprised every large 
 tumour developed in the abdomen, that is neither 
 fluctuating nor sonorous. Linnaeus calls it Hy- 
 posarca. 
 
 Physco'nia Abipo'sa, Ohes'itas seu Polysar'cia 
 vis'ceruin. Accumulation of fat in the intestines. 
 
 Physconia Biliosa, Turgescentia vesieulse 
 felleEB. 
 
 Physconia Emphysemat'ica. Accumulation 
 of air in the areolar tissue, or between the coats 
 of particular viscera. 
 
 Physconia Lienis, Splenoncns — p. Mesente- 
 rica. Tabes mesenterica — p. Splenica, Ague cake. 
 
 Physconia Strumo'sa, Scrofula ahdonnnu'lis 
 ■inter'na. Tumid abdomen from serophulous en- 
 largement of the glands. 
 
 PHYSCONIE MESENT^RIQTJE, Tabes 
 mesenterica. 
 
 PHYSEMA, Tympanites, Physesis. 
 
 PHYSE'SIS, Physe'ma, from cpvaam,'! inflate.' 
 An emphysematous tumour. Tympanites. 
 
 PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS, see Ceta- 
 ceum. 
 
 PHYSIATRICE, Vis medieatrix naturse. 
 
 PHYSIAUTOCRATIA, Vis medieatrix na- 
 turag. 
 
 PHYSIC, Medicament, Medieina — p. Indian, 
 Euphorbia corollata, Gillenia trifoliata — p. Root, 
 Leptan.dra purpurea. 
 
 PHYSICAL, Medical— p. Signs, see Symptom, 
 
 PHYSICIAN, Med'icua, Fatros, Aces' tor, 
 Aces' ter, Altheus, Ilaiwi', PcBon, (Old Eng.) Fesis'- 
 ian, Ficicion, Leche, Leech, from (pvcns, ' nature.' 
 (F.) iledecin, Docteur. One who has received 
 his degree from an incorporated Institution, as 
 Doctor of Medicine. The French formerly used 
 the word physicien in the same sense. It is now 
 appropriated by them to the natural philosopher. 
 Physicist has the same signification. 
 
 Physician, Family. One regarded as the 
 regular attendant on a family. 
 
 Physician, Learned, latrosophista — p. Prac- 
 tical, liitrotechna — p. Priest, see Asclepiadae. 
 
 PHYSICIEN, Physician. 
 
 PHYSICIST, see Physician. 
 
 PHYSICS, MED'ICAL, latmphys'ics. Phy- 
 sics directly applied to medicine, — either to the 
 explanation of the vital phenomena, the preserva- 
 tion of individuals, or the treatment of disease. 
 
 PHYSIOAUTOCRATIA, Vis medieatrix na- 
 turae. 
 
 PHYSIOG'NOMIST, Physiogno'mon, one who 
 busies himself especially with, or pretends to be 
 versed in, physiognomy. 
 
 PHYSIOG'NOMY, (Old Eng.) Vis'nnmy, Phy. 
 s'tognom'ia, Phyiiognorn' ica, Physiognom'ice, Phy- 
 sionom' ia, Physioguomon' in, Physiognom' one, 
 Physiognomos'yne, Physiognomosia, Anthropo- 
 scop'ia, Prosopomonti'a, Prosopolog"ia, Semiot'- 
 ice fa'cier, Physiognomon'ica, Physiognom'ony, 
 Metopos'copy, Prosopo'sis, from (jivrm, ' nature,' 
 and yvu/iT?, ' knowledsje.' The art of knowing the 
 dispositions of men from their external appear- 
 ance; especially from the features. Every infe- 
 rence of this kind must necessaril.y be extremely 
 fallacious, and cannot be reduced to rule, as was 
 attempted by Lavater and others. In infantile 
 diseases, numerous shades of expression are evi- 
 dent, which experience teaches how to appre- 
 ciate ; and which afi"nrd useful guides in under- 
 standing the patholotry of that period of existence. 
 
 PHYSIOLOGIA PATHOGENETICA, see Pa- 
 thogenetic. 
 
 PHYSIOLOG"ICAL, Physiolog"icus. (P.) Phi/, 
 sioloffique. Relating or belonging to physiology. 
 
PHYSIOLOGICE 
 
 711 
 
 PICHURIM BEANS 
 
 Physiological Anatomy, see Anatomy — p. 
 Doctrine, Broussaism. 
 
 PHYSIOLOGICE, Physiology. 
 
 PHYSIOL'OGIST, PlujnoV o'jus. Same ety- 
 mon as the nest. One who occupies himself spe- 
 cially, or is well acquainted, with phj'siology. 
 
 PHYSIOL'OGY,f Aj^.*i"o%"(V(, BioVogy, Bion'- 
 omy, Biot'ics, B{o2)h(Bnomenolug" la, Physiolorj" - 
 ice, CEcrjnom'ia anima'lis, Anatom'in viva, Aiiat'- 
 ome anima'la, Anthropolog"ia, Microcosmogra'- 
 phia, ilicrocos' mica scien'tia, Cognit" io physio- 
 l<>g"ica, Pars natura'lis medici'ncB, Philosoph'ia 
 cor'poris vici ; from (pvai;, 'nature,' and Aoyoj, 'a, 
 description.' Formerly, Physiology meant the 
 same as Physics, in its extensive signification, 
 now does. At the present day, it includes the 
 science which treats of the functions of animals 
 or vegetables; an acquaintance with the pheno- 
 mena the aggregate of which constitute life. It is 
 the science of life. It is divided into animal — Zuo- 
 pJiysiologia, or Zoohiolog"ia ; and vegetable — 
 Phytophys{olog"ia, or Phytohiolog"ia, according 
 as it considers the life of animals or of vegetables 
 singly. Comparative physiology comprises both. 
 Physiology is, also, general or ipecial, according 
 as it treats of life in the abstract or in some par- 
 ticular species. To the latter belongs the Phy- 
 siology of Man, — called also. Hygienic Physiology 
 to distinguish it from Pathological Physiology or 
 Pathology. 
 
 Physiology, Pathogenetic, see Pathogenetic. 
 
 PHYSIONOMIA, Physiognomy. 
 
 PHYSIONOMIE EGAREE, see Wild. 
 
 PHYSIS, Natiira, Sex. 
 
 PHYSOCE'LE, Pneumafoce'le, Hernia vento'- 
 sa ; Osckeoce'le Jlatulen'ta, Emphyse'ma Scroti, 
 from (pvcaoi, 'I insufflate,' and Kri\rj, 'a tumour.' 
 An emphysematous tumour of the scrotum ; pro- 
 bably a case of intestinal hernia, containing much 
 flatus. 
 
 PHYSOCEPH' ALUS, from 0«(Taai, 'I inflate,' 
 and K£0aX»?, ' the head.' (F.) Physocephale. Em- 
 physematous tumefaction of the head. 
 
 PHYSOCffiLIA, Tympanites. 
 
 PHYSO'DES ; from 4ivt7ai2>, ' I inflate,' and tdoq, 
 'resemblance.' Full of air; apparently full of 
 air — applied to tumours, &c. 
 
 PHYSOME'TFvA, Emphyse'ma U'teri seu Ute- 
 ri'num, Hysterojjh'yse, Hysteremphyse'ma, Hys- 
 tremj)hyse'ma, Metremphyse'ma, Injia'tio U'teri, 
 Tyni'ptany of the Womb, U'terine tympani'tes, 
 from <ltvaaa>, *I inflate,' and firirpa, 'the womb.' 
 A light, tense, circumscribed protuberance in the 
 hypogastrium, obscurely sonorous, with wind 
 occasionally discharged through the os uteri with 
 noise, Hysteropsoph'ia, ^dceopsoph'ia uteri'na. 
 
 PHYSON, Flatulence. 
 
 PHYSONCUS, Emphysema. 
 
 PHYSOPSOPH'IA; from (pvaaui, 'I inflate,' 
 and -^oipos, 'a noise.' A discharge of air with 
 noise. 
 
 PHYSOSPASMUS, Colica flatulenta. 
 
 PHYSOTHORAX, Pneumothorax. 
 
 PHYTEL'EPHAS MACROCAR'PA, from 
 cpvTov, 'a plant,' and eAe^os, 'an elephant.' A tree 
 of South America, called, by Willdenow, Ele- 
 phantu'sia, the dense albumen of whose unt, 
 is the vegetable ivory, which is as durable and 
 nearly as hard as the ivory of the elephant. 
 
 PHYTIVOROUS, Phytophagous. 
 
 PHYTOALOPECIA, Porrigo decalvans. 
 
 PHYTOBIOLOGIA, see Physiology. 
 
 PHYTO-CHYMISTRY, see Chymistry. 
 
 PHYTOLACCA DECAN'DRA, P. vulgaris, 
 Poke Weed, Amer'ican night shade. Cancer root, 
 Poke, Skoke, Jacato Calleloe [?], Jalap, Pigeon 
 Berry, Jalap cancer root, Sola'num racemo'sum 
 America' num seu magnum Virginia' num rubrum, 
 Blitum America' num, Garget, (F.) Raisin d'Ame- 
 
 rique, Phytolaqtte d dix etamines, Morelle en 
 grappes, Mechoacan du Canada. Ord. Cheno- 
 podeacas ; Sex. Syst. Decandria Decagynia; from 
 (pvTov, 'a plant,' and lacca ; because the colour 
 of the juice of the berries resembles that of lacca. 
 The leaves, berries, and roots are employed. The 
 young stems, when boiled, are sometimes eaten 
 at table ; but when old, they must be cautiously 
 used, as the plant is emetic and cathartic. It is 
 most celebrated as a remedy in chronic rheuma- 
 tism ; and is given in the form of tincture of the 
 ripe berries. It is, also, used in cutaneous erup- 
 tions; tinea capitis, itch, cancerous ulcers, &c. 
 
 The root is gathered and dried in the fall. 
 
 PHYTOLAQUEA DIX ETA2IIXES, Phy- 
 tolacca decandra. 
 
 PHYTOLOGIA MEDICA, Botany, medical. 
 
 PHYTO-PARASITE, Epiphyte. 
 
 PHYTOPH'AGOUS, Phytoph'ngus ; Phytiv'- 
 orous, Phytiv'orus ; from ^I'rov, 'a plant,' and 
 (payij), 'I eat.' Feeding or subsisting on vege- 
 tables. 
 
 PHYTOPHYSIOLOGIA, see Physiology. 
 
 PHYT0SPERM'ATA,(F.)P^yto8;;erOTe.9;from 
 (pvrov, 'a plant,' and wcpua, 'sperm.' Particles 
 similar to the spermatozoids of animals, observed 
 in vegetables, and presumed to possess a similar 
 agency in reproduction. 
 
 PHYTOTOMY, see Anatomy, (vegetable.) 
 
 PHYTOZOON, Zoophyte. 
 
 PIA MATER, Pia seu mollis seu ten'uis Ma- 
 ter, Pia meninx, Meninx inte'rior seu vascnlo'sa 
 seu choro'i'des, Inner lam'ina of the Meningine, 
 (Ch.), Memhra'na vasculo'sa Cer'ehri, Jf. Cer' - 
 ebri ten'uis seu mollis seu pro'pria, (F.) Pic 
 mire, Meningette. The pia mater is a very 
 delicate membrane, which covers the brain im- 
 mediately, penetrates into its anfractuosities, and 
 envelops, also, the cerebellum and the spinal prd- 
 longation, <fec. Bichat does not regard it as a 
 membrane, properly so called, but as a net-work 
 of blood-vessels, united by a lax areolar tissue. 
 The Pia Mater exterior is the portion of mem- 
 brane which covers the exterior of the encepha- 
 lon, and faces the arachnoid externally. The 
 Pin Mater inferior is that which lines the cere- 
 bral fossae, into which it pe'ttetrates by a cleft 
 situate between the posterior part of the corpus 
 callosum and the fornix; and by two other fis- 
 sures, situate between the corpora fimbriata and 
 thalami nervorum optieorum. The pia mater 
 contains a great number of granulations similar 
 to the Glandules Pacchioni. 
 
 Pia Mater Testis, Tunica vasculosa — -p. Me- 
 ninx, P. Mater. 
 
 PIAN, Framboesia. 
 
 PIANS, MOTHER OF, Mama-pian. 
 
 PIAR, Fat. 
 
 PIARH^'MIA, Pmri-^tB'mm, from map, 'fat, 
 and 'aijia, 'blood.' Fat in the blood. — Simon. 
 
 PICA, Malacia — p. Africanorum, Chthonopha- 
 gia. 
 
 PICAC, Euphorbia corollata. 
 
 PICACISM'US, Pica'tio, from /»>. picis, 
 'pitch.' Depilation by means of a pilch plaster. 
 Also, Malacia. 
 
 PICATIO, Malacia, Pieacismus. 
 
 PICEA, Pinus abies. 
 
 PICERO>s\ Butter. 
 
 PICHU'RIM BEANS. The seed, Fnbn PicJn,- 
 rim. F. Pechu'rei, Para nut. Sassafras mif, 
 Puxiri, Brazil' ian nutmeg, of a tree, supposed to 
 he'Perse'a pichnrini, Ocote'a pichn'rim seu Pn- 
 chury, Tetranthe'ra pich urim, Nectan'dra puchury, 
 Puchury or Paehyry of the Brazilians, Ord. Lau- 
 racoee, which grows in Brazil, Guiana, ^'enezuela, 
 and other parts of South America. They are of 
 an elliptical shape; flat on one side, convex on 
 the other; of an aromatic odour between that of 
 
PICK 
 
 712 
 
 PILEUS 
 
 nutmegs and sassafras, and of a spicy, pungent 
 taste. The medical properties are tlie same as 
 those of other aromatics. For the bark, see Pe- 
 churim cortex. 
 
 PICK, Emetic. 
 
 PICKERELWEED, SHOVEL, Unisema del- 
 tifolia. 
 
 PICO TE, Variola. 
 
 PICOTEMENT, Pricking. 
 
 PICOTIN. Arum maculatum. 
 
 PICRA. Pulvis aloes et canellse. 
 
 PICR.^ENA EXCELSA, Quassia. 
 
 PICRIA, Bitterness. 
 
 PICRIUM SPICATUM, Contoubea alba. 
 
 PICROCHOLOS. Bilious. 
 
 PI'CROMEL, Bilw ; from Tri/fpo?, 'bitter,' and 
 l){\i, 'honey.' A name given by Thenard to a 
 colourless, soft substance, of an acrid, bitter, sac- 
 charine taste, nauseous smell, and very soluble in 
 water, which is considered to be a hiUite of 
 soda. It is not an immediate principle, but a 
 mixture of different substances. It forms part of 
 the bile, and is generally classed amongst the 
 animal immediate principles. 
 
 PICROPE'G^E, Pikrope'gcB, from viKpo;, 'bit- 
 ter,' and nrjyr!, 'a spring.' Mineral waters; bit- 
 ter from the presence of chloride of magnesium. 
 
 PICROS, Amarus. 
 
 PICROTOX'INE, Picrotox'ina, Picrotox'in, 
 from TTiKpos. ' bitter,' and toxicum, ' poison.' A 
 vegetable alkali, discovered by M. Boullay in the 
 Menifpermum Cncculus. It crj'stallizes in quad- 
 rangular, white, brilliant, semitransparent prisms; 
 which are excessively bitter, soluble in three parts 
 of alcohol, and in fifreen of boiling water. 
 
 The Cocculus Indicus owes its poisonous pro- 
 perties to this principle. 
 
 PIE 31 ERE, Pia mater. 
 
 PIE-MERITE, Inflawma'tio pia matris. A 
 miserably compounded term, employed by M. Gri- 
 solle, to express inflammation of the pia mater : — 
 from (F.) 2jie were, ' the pia mater,' and ite, itis ; 
 a termination denoting inflammation. 
 
 PIECE, Hepatitis. 
 
 PIECES D'ANA TOMIE AE TIFICIELLES, 
 see Artificial. 
 
 PIED, Pes— 7>. d' Alexandre, Anthemis pyre- 
 thrum — p. d'Alouette des champs, Delphinium 
 consolida — pi. Hot, see Kyllosis — p. de Chat, An- 
 tennaria dioiea — p. de Clieval inarin, Cornu am- 
 monis — p. de Griffon, Gryphius pes, Helleborus 
 foetidus — p>. de Lievre, Arum maculatum — p. de 
 Lion, Alchemilla — p. de Lit, Origanum — p. 
 d'Ours, Acanthus mollis — p. Plat, see Kyllosis 
 
 — p. de Vetni, Arum maculatum — ^j. de Veati 
 triphylle. Arum triphyllum. 
 
 PIEIRON, Fat. 
 
 PIERRE. Calculus — p. d'Aigle, iEtites — 7;. 
 d'Ainiant, Magnet — p. d'Aznr. Lapis lazuli — p. 
 Calami II aire. Calamine — p. d Cautere, Potassa 
 cum ealce — p. Divine, Lapis divinus — ^j. d'Eere- 
 vtsse, Canerorum chelae — p. Liferriale, Argenti 
 nitras — p. Judaiqiie, Judseus (lapis) — p. au Lait, 
 Morochthus — p. Medicamenteuse, Medicaraento- 
 sus lapis — p. Nephretiqiie, JNephretieus lapis — p. 
 Ponce. Pumex. 
 
 PIERRES CRAYEUSES, Calculi, arthritic 
 
 — p. au Fiel, Calculi, biliary — p. Sfercorales, 
 Calculus of the Stomach and Intestines — p. Uri- 
 naires. Calculi, urinary. 
 
 PTERREUX, Petrous. 
 
 PIESTER. Press. 
 
 PIESTERION, Press. 
 
 PIESTRON, from -uf«. ' I press.' An instru- 
 ment recommended by Hippocrates for breaking 
 the bones of the foetal head when too large to be 
 extracted otherwise. 
 
 PIGAMON J A VNATRE, Thalictron. 
 
 PIGEON BERRY, Phytolacca decandra— p 
 Breasted, see Lordosis — p. Tree, Aralia spinosa. 
 
 PIGMENT CELLS, see Cell, pigment. 
 
 PIGMEN'TAL, Pigmen'tary, Pigwenta'rius, 
 (F.) Pigmentaire, from pigmentiim, [pingere, pic- 
 turn, 'to paint,') 'paint.' Having relation to pig- 
 ment or colouring matter. 
 
 Pigmental Appara'tus, (F.) Appareil pig- 
 mental. The apparatus concerned in the colora- 
 tion of the skin of the coloured varieties of man. 
 — Flourens. 
 
 PIGMENTARIUS, Apothecary, Unguentarius. 
 
 PIGMENTARY, Pigmental — p. Navi, see 
 Nffivus. 
 
 PIGMENTUM, Paint— p. Indicum, Indigo— 
 p. Nigrum, see Choroidea tunica — p. Uracu, 
 Terra Orleana. 
 
 PIGMY, Pygmy. 
 
 PIGNEROLE, Cantaurea calcitrapa. 
 
 PIGNON DE BARBARIE, Jatropha curcas 
 — p. d'Inde, Jatropha curcas — p. d' hide, petit, 
 Croton tiglium. 
 
 PIGNUT, Earthnut, Groundnut. The bulbous 
 root oi Bu'nium Bidbocas'tanum. Ord. Umbelli- 
 ferffi. Called pignuts, from the fondness of the 
 pig for them. They have been considered to pos- 
 sess a styptic quality; and are deemed service- 
 able in atonic affections of the kidney. — Hooper. 
 
 Pignut, Bunium bulbocastanum. 
 
 PIG'S FLARE, Adeps suillus. 
 
 PIKROPEG^, Picropegffl. 
 
 PIKRY, Pulvis aloes et canellae. 
 
 PILA, Sphmra, Palla, -KaXXa, Ball. A gym- 
 nastic exercise, much used by the ancients as 
 well as moderns. — Galen. Also, a mortar and a 
 pestle — Ac' one. 
 
 PiLA, Mortar, Pillar — p. Damarum, ^gagro- 
 pila — p. Rupicaprarum, .^gagropila. 
 
 PiLA Mari'na, SphcBra Marina sen Thalas'sia, 
 Haleyo'nium rotun'dum, (F.) Pelote de 3Ier, Zos- 
 tere, Algue marine, A. comnuine ou des Verriers. 
 Certain light, round, depressed, or oblong masses 
 — inodorous and insipid — in which rushes, hairs, 
 and the debris of shells are met with. These are 
 found on the sea-shores, and have been regarded 
 by Spielmann as consisting chiefly of the roots 
 of the Zoste'ra 3Iari'na seu Marit'ima, Alga 
 Mari'na, (Big tangles, Ware, Wair, Sea-ware,) 
 Phvcagros'tis minor. Iodine is detected in the 
 ashes, which accounts for their success in goitre. 
 They have, also, been given as a vermifuge. 
 
 PILA IRE, Pileous. 
 
 PILAR, Pileous. 
 
 PILAR E MALUM, Trichosis. 
 
 PILA'TIO, from pilus, 'a hair.' Fracture of 
 the cranium in which the fissure is narrow, and 
 has the appearance of a hair — a cap' illary fissure, 
 (F. ) Fente capillaire. 
 
 PILE, Hair. 
 
 PI'LEA PU'MILA, from ^jiZfis, ' a. hah,' pilo- 
 sits, 'hairy.' Richweed, Clearweed, Coolweed/ 
 indigenous; Order, Urticaeeas ; flowering from 
 July to September; has been used as a wash in 
 poisoning by Rhus. It has a strong, grateful 
 smell. 
 
 PILEOLUM, Calotte. 
 
 PILEOLUS, Caul, Pileus, 
 
 PI'LEOUS, Pilo'sus, Pilose, Pilous, Pilar, (F.) 
 Pileux, Pilaire, from pilus, 'a hair.' That which 
 relates to the hair. Hairy. 
 
 PiLEOos System of Bichat is that formed by 
 the hair. It comprises the different species of 
 hair of the human body. 
 
 PILES, BLIND, CajcEB hamorrhoides, see 
 Hsemorrhois. 
 
 PILEUS, 'a hat, cap, or bonnet for the head.' 
 Pile'nlus. A shield. A nipple-like instrument, 
 formed of various materials, and used by females 
 
FILEUX 
 
 713 
 
 PILL 
 
 for protecting the nipple during the child's suck- 
 ing, when the part is painful. Also, a caul. 
 
 PiLEUs, Cucupha — p. Hippocraticus, Bonnet 
 d'Hipjyocrate. 
 
 PILEUX, Pileous. 
 
 PILEWORT, Ranunculus acris, and R. ficaria. 
 
 PILI CAPITIS, see Capillus — p. Cutis, La- 
 nugo — p. Palpebrarum, Cilia — p. Pudendorum, 
 Pubes. 
 
 FILTER, Pillar. 
 
 PILIF'EROUS, Pi'lifer, from piliis, 'a hair,' 
 and fei-o, 'I bear.' Pile or hair bearing, — as a 
 '^piliferoHS cyst,' — one containing hair.' 
 
 PILIMICTIO, see Trichiasis. 
 
 PILL, Pilula — p. Abernethy's, see Pilulie hy- 
 drargyri — p. of Aloes and Gamboge, Pilulfe aloes 
 et cambogise — p. of Aloes and cinchona, Pilulje 
 aloes et kinse kinas — p. of Aloes and coloc3'nth, 
 PilulEe aloes et colocynthidis — p. of Aloes and 
 fetid gums, Pilulse de aloe et foetidis — p. of Aloes 
 and ginger, Pilulse aloes et zingiberis — p. of 
 Aloes and iron, Pilulas aloes et ferri — p. Aloes 
 and myrrh, Pilulse aloes et myrrhas — p. Aloetic, 
 Pilula? aloeticae — p. Aloetic and assafoetida, Pi- 
 lulse aloes et assafoetidee — p. Aloetic, compound, 
 Pilulse aloes compositee — p. of Ammoniuret of 
 copper, Pilulse ammoniureti cupri — p. Analeptic, 
 James's, see Analeptica — p. Anderson's, see Pi- 
 lulse aloes et jalapge — p. Anodyne, Pilulse opiatse 
 — p. Antibilious, Barclay's, Pilulas antibiliosas — 
 p. Antibilious, Dixon's, Pilulas antibiliosee — p. 
 Asiatic, Pilulas Asiaticse — p. Assafetida, Pilulse 
 Assafoetidse — p. Bacher's, Pilulas ex helleboro et 
 myrrha — p. Barbarossa's, Barbarossse pilulas — p. 
 Barthez's, see Pilulse aloes et myrrhse. 
 
 Pill, Blair's. An empirical preparation of 
 colchicum, much used in England in cases of 
 gout. 
 
 Pill, Blaud's. These pills, proposed by M. 
 Blaud as antiehlorotic, are formed as follows : — 
 Take of giim tragaeanth, in powder, six grains ; 
 water, one drachm. Macerate in a glass or por- 
 celain mortar, until a thick mucilage is formed, 
 and if it be desired to prevent the formation of 
 peroxide of iron, and to make the pill similar to 
 those of Vallet, substitute a drachm of powdered 
 sugar for the mucilage. Add afterwards of sul- 
 phate of iron, in powder, half an ounce. Beat 
 well until the mi.Kture is homogeneous, and add 
 auhcarhonate of lootassa, half an ounce. Beat un- 
 til the mass becomes of a deep-green colour, and 
 of a soft consistence. Divide into 48 [?] pills. 
 Dose, one a day; gradually increasing to two, 
 and afterwards to three. 
 
 Pill, Bluk, Pilulas hydrargyri — p. Brandreth's, 
 Pilulse aloes et cambogi* — p. Calomel, Pilulse 
 hydrargyri chloridi mitis- — p. Calomel, compound, 
 Pilulee hydrargyri submuriatis coinpositEe — p. 
 Calomel and opium, Pilulse calomelanos et opii — 
 p. Camboge, Pilulge cambogise compos. — p. Gam- 
 boge, compound, Pilulse cambogise compositse — 
 p. of Carbonate of iron, Pilula ferri carbonatis — 
 p. Cathartic, compound, Pilulse catharticse com- 
 positse — p. of Colocynth and henbane, Pilulas co- 
 locynthidis et hyoscyami — p. of Colocynth, com- 
 pound, Pilulse colocynthidis compositse — p. Com- 
 mon, Pilulas aloes et myrrhse — p. of ammoniated 
 Copper, Pilulfe cupri ammoniati — p. of Digitalis 
 and squill, Pilulse digitalis et scillse — p. Dinner, 
 see PiluliB aloes et kinse kinse, and Pilulse rhej. 
 
 Pill, Dinner, of Mr. Mayo. This is composed 
 of P. Rhej. gr. iv : SodcB Carb. gr. j. 
 
 Pill, Everlast'ing. A pill once in vogue, 
 and said to be composed of metallic antimony. 
 It was believed to have the property of purging 
 as often as it was swallowed. A lady having 
 swallowed one of these pills, became seriously 
 alarmed at its not passing. "Madam," said her 
 physician, "fear not; it has already passed 
 
 through a hundred patients without any diffi- 
 culty." — Paris. 
 
 Pill, Female, Pilulse de aloe et fcetidis — p. 
 Ferruginous, of Vallet, see Ferri protocarbonas 
 — p. Fothergill's, see Pilulse aloes et colocynthidis 
 • — -p. Frank's, see Pilulse aloes et kinse kinse — p. 
 Fuller's, see Pilulas de aloe et foetidis — p. Gal- 
 banum, compound, Pilulas galbani compositse — 
 p. GriflSth's, Pilule ferri composite — p. GrifBtt's, 
 see Pilulse rhej compositsB — p. Gum, Pilulse gal- 
 bani compositse — p. Harvey's, Pilulse aloes et co- 
 locynthidis — p. of Hellebore and myrrh, Pilulse 
 ex helleboro et myrrha — p. of Hemlock, com- 
 pound, Pilulse conii compositse— p. Hooper's, see 
 Pilulse aloes et myrrhse — p. of Iodide of iron, 
 Pilulse ferri iodidi — p. of Ipecacuanha and 
 opium, Pilulse ipecacuanhce et opii — p. of Ipeca- 
 cuanha and squill, Pilulse ipeeacuanbse cum scilla 
 
 — p. of sulphate of Iron, Pilulse ferri sulphatis 
 — p. James's Analeptic, see Analeptica — p. Key- 
 ser's, see Hydrargyrus acetatus — p. Lady Cres- 
 pigny's, Pilulse aloes et kinse kinse — p. Lady 
 Hesketh's, see Pilulse aloes et kinse kinse — p. 
 Lady Webster's, Pilulse aloes et kinse kinse. 
 
 Pill, Lartigue's, PiUulm Col'chici et Digi- 
 ta'lis, (F.) Pilules de Lartigue. [Jjxt. Coloe. c. 
 Jss ; Ext, Sem, Oolchic, alcoholic, Extract. Dig- 
 ital, alcoholic, aa gr. iss; f. massa in pilul. x di- 
 vidend.) Dose, two, three, or more, in the 24 
 hours, in gout, until purging is induced. 
 
 This is a form that has been employed as a 
 substitute for the Pilules de Lartiyue, the compo- 
 sition of which is not known. M. Bouchardat re- 
 commends for the same purpose a combination 
 of Extractum colucyntJiidis cotiqjositum, Extractum 
 colchici and Extractum oj^ii, which is almost 
 identical with pills prescribed by Sir Henry IIol- 
 ford for the gout; the onlj' difference being, that 
 the latter substitutes Dover's liowder for the Ex- 
 tractum opii. 
 
 Pill, Opiate, of Lead, Pilulas plumbi opiatae. 
 
 Pill, Lee's New London, is composed of 
 scammony, gamboge, calomel, jalap, aloes, soap 
 and syrup of buckthorn. 
 
 Pill, Lee's Windham, consists of gamboge, 
 aloes, soap and nitrate of p)otassa. 
 
 Pill Machine, Pilulier — -p. Matthews's, see 
 Pilulse ex helleboro et myrrha — p. Mercurial, 
 Pilulse- hydrargyri — p. of mild chloride of Mer- 
 cury, Pilulffi hydrargyri chloridi mitis — p. Mof- 
 fat's, Pilulse aloes et cambogise — p. Morrison's, 
 Pilulas aloes et cambogise, see Pilulse cambogise 
 compositse — p. Moseley's, Pilulas rhej compositse 
 
 — p. Night, common, Pilulse opiatse — p. Opiate, 
 Pilulse opiatse — p. Peter's, see Pilulas aloes et 
 cambogise — p. Plunimer's, Pilulse hydrargyri sub- 
 muriatis compositse — p. of sulphate of Quinia, 
 Pilulas quinias sulphatis — p. Pv,ed, Pilulse hydrar- 
 gyri submuriatis compositse — p. Red, Boerhaave's, 
 see Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubruui — p. of P>,hu- 
 barb, Pilulas rhej — p. of Rhubarb, compound, 
 Pilula3 rhei compositse — p. Rudius's, Pilulse aloes 
 et colocynthidis — p. Rufus's, Pilulse aloes et 
 myrrhas — p. Rush's, see Pilulse aloes et cam- 
 bogise — p. Scotch, Pilulse de aloe et foetidis — p. 
 of Soap and opium, Pilulse saponis cum opio— p. 
 Speediman's, see Pilulse aloes et myrrhse — p. 
 Squatting, Pilulas opiatas — p. Squill, compound, 
 Pilulse scillse compositas — p. Stahl's, see Pilulse 
 de aloe et foetidis — p. Starkey's, see Pilulse ex 
 helleboro et myrrha — p. Stomachic, see Pilulse 
 aloes et kinas kinse, and Pilulse rhej — p. Storax, 
 Pilulse e styrace — p. of Strychnia, Pilulse strych- 
 nias — p. of Submuriate of mercury, compound, 
 Pilulse hydrargyri submuriatis compositas — p. 
 Tanjore, Pilulse Asiaticse — p. Turpentine, Pilulse 
 de terebinthina — p. Vallet's, see Ferri protocar- 
 bonas, and Pilulse ferri carbonatis — p. Webster's, 
 
PILLAR 
 
 714 
 
 PILUL.E 
 
 Pilulas aloes et kin^ kinae — p. Whytt's, see Pi- 
 lulse de aloe et foetidis. 
 
 PILLAR, Pi'la, Colum'na, Columel'la, (F.) 
 Pilier. A name given to several parts; as the 
 pillars of the velum palati, diaphragm, <fcc. 
 
 PILLULA, Pilula. 
 
 PILNA, MINERAL WATERS OF, see 
 Pullna. 
 
 P/iOiV, Pilum. 
 
 PILOSELLA, Hieracium pilosella — d. Alpina, 
 Hieracium pilosella. 
 
 PILOSUS, Pileous, 
 
 PILOUS, Pileous. 
 
 PIL'ULA, Pill'ula, plural Pil'ulcB. Diminu- 
 tive o( pila, 'a ball.' Sphmrid'ion, Catapo'tioit, 
 Catop'otum, Catapo'tia, Sp>h(B'rion, Gonyyl'ion, 
 Gon'gylis, Gongylid'ium, Sphae'rida Gale'ni. A 
 pill. (F.) Pilule. A simple or compound medi- 
 cine, weighing from one to five grains, of a firm 
 consistence and spherical form; intended to be 
 swallowed at once, without chewing. The Pill 
 diflers from the Bolus, the latter being softer and 
 larger. 
 
 Medicines are often given in the form of pill, 
 on account of their disagreeable taste and odour. 
 Pilula, also, means a Pilular mass. 
 
 PILULE EX ALOE, P. aloes composite— p. 
 de Aloe et cambogia, P. aloes et cambogiaB. 
 
 Pilule Aloes, P. Aloet'ico'. seu ex Aloe et 
 Sapo'ne, Aloet'ic Pill, (F.) Pilules d'aloes ou alo- 
 6tiques, [Aloes in pulv. ; saponis. sing, ^j ; syr. 
 q. s. to form 240 pills.— Ph. U. S.) Dose, gr. x. 
 to XX, in habitual costiveness. 
 
 Pilule Aloes et Assafce'tid^, Aloetic and 
 Assafietida Pills. (Aloes, assafcetidce, saponis, 
 sing, ^ss; aqu<s, q. s. to form ISO pills. — Ph. U. 
 S.) Purgative and stomacic. Dose, gr. x. 
 
 Pilule Aloes et Cambo'gi^, P. de Aloe et 
 Cambo' gid seu Hydrago'gm Bon'tii, Pill of Aloes 
 and Gamboge. (Aloes, camhog., gum. ammoniac, 
 aa p. se. Make into a powder. Dissolve in vine- 
 gar; pass through a cloth; express the residuum 
 strongly ; and afterwards evaporate, in a water- 
 bath, to a pilular consistence. — Ph. P.) Purga- 
 tive ; used in dropsy. Dose, gr. xij to xxx. 
 
 Peter's Pills, — a nostrum — are formed of aloes, 
 jalap, scammony, and camboge, of each equal 
 parts. 
 
 The basis of Morrison's Pills, often called Hy~ 
 giene Pills, of Brandreth's Pills, and Moffat's 
 Pills, is said to be aloes, with camboge, scam- 
 mony, &c. 
 
 Rush's Pills were formed of calomel, aloes, and 
 camboge, with oil of mint. 
 
 Pilule Aloes et Colocyn'thidis, P. ex Co- 
 locynth'ide cum aloe seu Aloes cum Golocynthide 
 seu coc'eixcB sencoc'chii seu colocyn'thidis compos'- 
 itcB seu coc'ciep. mino'res, Pill of Aloes and Colo- 
 cynth., (F.) Pilules jianchi/mogogues ou nniversel- 
 les, Pilules coche.es. (Pulp, coloc. §ss; cdoes 
 hepat., scammon. aa ^j ; sapon. ^ij ; ol. caryopjh. 
 3J; syrup, q. s. — Ph. D.) Cathartic. Dose, gr. 
 T to X <ir more. 
 
 Foth'ergill's Pills consist of aloes, scammony, 
 colocynth, and oxide of antimony ; and Harvey's 
 AntibiUous Pills, and Radius's Pills do not dif- 
 fer much from them. 
 
 PiLUL/E Aloes Compos'itje, P. ex Aloe, Com- 
 pound Aloetic Pills. (Aloes spic. extract, cont. 
 5J ; ext. (jentiancE, ^ss ; olei carui, gtt. xl ; syr. 
 q. s. — Ph. L.) These are sometimes, also, called 
 Family pills, AntihiliouK pills, &e. 
 
 PlUJL.ii; Alobs et Ferri, Pills of aloes and 
 Iron. (Ferri sulphat. p. iij ; Aloes Barbad. p. 
 ^j; Pulv. arom. p. v j ; Oonserv. Rosce, p. viij. — 
 Ph. Ed. ) In atonic constipation. Dose, one to 
 three pills. 
 
 PiLULiE DE Aloe et Fce'tidis, P. Benedic'tw 
 
 Fulleri seu Ecphrac'ticcB seu Aloes martia'les, 
 Pills of aloes and fetid gums, Female pills, (F.) 
 Pilules henites de Fuller. (Aloes socotr., senncB, 
 assafoetidce, galhani, aa ^ij i myrrh, ^iv ; eroei, 
 macis, aa 3J ; /er^-i sulphat. giss. Reduce to 
 powder separately, and add ol. siiccin. gtt. viij ; 
 syr. artemisicB, q. s. — Ph. P.) Purgative, and 
 given in hysteria. Dose, gr. xv to xx. 
 
 Whyil's Pills, given in similar cases, consisted 
 of chloride of iron, aloes, extract of horehouud, 
 and assafoetida. 
 
 Stahl's Pills, much used as a tonic aperient in 
 Germany, are made as follows: — Ferri pulv., ^ss; 
 Aloes pulv., ^ij; Ext. colcynth., ^j ; mucilag. 
 acacia q. s. ut fiant pil xl. 
 
 Pilule Aloes et Jalap'^, commonly called 
 Anderson's pills, Anderson's Scots' p>ills, Scotch 
 pills. (Aloes Barbad. Tbj ; rad. helleb. nigr., 
 rod. jalapcB, potasscR subcarb. aa 2;j > "^- «"'•'"'> 
 Jiv ; syrup, simpl. q. s. — Gray.) Dose, gr. x 
 to xxx. 
 
 A committee of the Philadelphia College of 
 Pharmacy recommend the following: Aloes Bnr- 
 badens. ^^xxiv; saponis. ^iv; coloci/nthid. ^j ; 
 canibogicB, §j ; ol. anis. f 3ss. 
 
 PiLUL.E Aloes et KiNjE Kinje, P. stomach'iecB 
 seu ante cibum. Pill of aloes and cinchona, (¥.) 
 Pilules gourmandes. (Aloes socotr. ^vj ; ext. cin^ 
 cAojl. 3'y j cinnam. '7,y, syrup, absinth, q. s. — 
 Ph. P.) Stomachic and laxative. Dose, gr. x. 
 
 to XX. 
 
 Lady Crespigny's pills. Lady Webster's pills. 
 Lady Hesketh's pills; the Pilides de Duchesne, 
 (Quercetanus), the Grains de Vie ou Pilules de 
 Clerambourg ; the Pilules Indiennes stomachiques 
 de De la Croix, the Pilules de Barbier, and the 
 Pilulce stomach' iccB Mesues (Ph, L. 1635), resem.- 
 ble these. 
 
 Frank's 2nlls, much employed, also, as 'dinner 
 pills,' or, — to use the language of the eccentric 
 Kitchener — as 'peptic persuaders,' are said to 
 be much used, under the name Graines de sante, 
 in various parts of Europe. They consist of 
 aloes, jalap), and rhubarb, with syrup> of worm- 
 wood as an excipient. 
 
 Pilule Aloes Martiales, P. de aloe et foe- 
 tidis. 
 
 Pilule Aloes et Myrrhs, P. aloes cnm myr- 
 rhd seu de aloe et myrrhd, P. Rufi seu Ruffi seu 
 commu'nes, Rufus's or Ruffus's jiilh. Common 
 pills, Pills of Aloes and myrrh. (Aloes, ^^ij ; croci, 
 in pulv. §ss; myrrh, ^j : syr. q. s. to form 480 
 pills. — Ph. U. S.) Cathartic and emmenagogue. 
 Dose, gr. x to xx. 
 
 Hooper's pills — possessed of similar properties 
 — according to one of Gray's formulae are made 
 as follows: Ferri sulph., aqncB, aa §viij. Dis- 
 solve. Add afoe« i?o)-6c[(^. ftij and ^ viij ; canel- 
 Ice albcB, ^vj ; gum. myrrh, ^ij ; opojianacis, ^\v. 
 The committee of the Philadelphia College of 
 Pharmacy recommend the following form: Aloes 
 Barbadensis, ^viij ; ferri sulphatis exsiccat. ,^ij, 
 and ,^iss, vel ferri sulph. crystall. ^iv ; ext. hel- 
 leb. in'gr. ^ij : myrrh, ,^ij ; saponis, ^ij; canellcB, 
 in pulv. trita3, ^j ; zingib. in pulv. trit. ^j. 
 
 Speediman's pills consist of aloes, myrrh, rhu- 
 barb, extract of chamomile, and essential oil of 
 chamomile ; and the Pills of Barthez, of aloes, 
 myrrh, mrisk, camp)hor, and balsam of Peru, » 
 
 Pilule de Aloe et Sapone, P. aloeticas. 
 
 PiuiLjE Aloes cum Zingib'ere, Pills of aloes 
 and ginger. (Aloes hepat. ^j ; rad. zingib. in 
 pulv. !5j i sapon. Hispan. ,^ss; ol. ess. vientha pip. 
 3ss. — Ph. D.) In habitual costiveness. Dose, 
 gr. X to xx. 
 
 PiLUL^j Ammoniure'ti Cupri, p. Cu'pri, Pills 
 of Annuo' niuret of copiper, (F.) Pilules d'ammo- 
 niure de cnivre. (Ammonivr. cnpri, in pulv. ten. 
 trit., gr. xvj ; unices pcun's, Qiv; aqum carbotiatia 
 
PILULE 
 
 15 
 
 PILUL.E 
 
 ammonicB, q. s. Beat into a mass, and divide into 
 sxxij pills. — Ph. E.) Tonic and antispasmodic, 
 in epilepsy, Ac. Dose, one pill twice daily; 
 gradually increasing the dose. 
 
 PiluljB Ante Cibum, P. aloes et kinse kinae. 
 Pilule Antibilio's^s:, Barclay's Antihil'ious 
 pills. {Extract of colocynth, ^'j ; resin of jalap. 
 ^j ; almond soap, ^iss ; giiaiac, ^iij ; emetic tart. 
 gr. viij ; oils of juniper, carraway, and rosemary, 
 aa iv drops ; syrvp of buckthorn, q. s. to form 64 
 pills.) Dose, two or three. 
 
 Dixon's Antihilious pills are formed of aloea, 
 scammony, rhubarb, and tartarized antimony. 
 
 Pilule Antiherpeticj!;, Pilulse hydrargyri 
 submuriatis comp. — p. Antihystericae, P. galbani 
 compositte. 
 
 Pilule Antiscrophulo'sj!:, P. ex ox'ido stib'ii 
 et hydrar'gyri sulphure'to nigro eompos'itcB. {P. 
 scammon., hydrarg. sulphur, nigr. aa 5ij; anti- 
 monii oxidi albi, millejjed., sapon. amygdalin. aa 
 ^\\y, extract, glycyrrh. ^v. Make into a mass. 
 — Ph. P.) Dose, gr. iv to xx. 
 
 Pilule Antispastic^, P. galbani compositae 
 — p. Assafcetidae compositae, P. galbani compo- 
 sitae. 
 
 PlLDL-B Asiat'iCjE, Asiat'ic or Tanjore pills. 
 [Acid, arsenios. gr. Iv ; piper, jn'^r. pulv., '^\yi; 
 acacicB, q. s. ut fiant pil. 800. Each pill contains 
 about one-fifteenth of a grain of arsenious acid.. 
 These pills are employed in India for the cure of 
 syphilis and elephantiasis. 
 
 PILTJLJ5 Assafce'tid^, Assafet'ida ])ills. (As- 
 eafoetid. ^iss; saponis, ^^ss. Beat with toater so 
 as to form a mass to be divided into 240 pills. — 
 Ph. U. S.) 
 
 PiluLjE Balsam'ic^, P. Docto'ris Morton. 
 (Milleped. pulverisat. ,^xviij ; gum arnmon. ^xj ; 
 acid, benzoic, ^vj ; croci, balsami Peruv. aa ^J ! 
 balsam, sulph. anisat. ,^vj. Mix. — Ph. P.) Tonic, 
 expectorant, and balsamic. 
 
 PiLUL.E Benedictje Fulleri, p. de aloe et 
 foetidis. 
 
 FihVLJE Calomelanos Composite, P. Hydrar- 
 gyri submuriatis compositae. 
 
 Pilule CALOAfKL'ANos et Opii, P. Hydrar'- 
 gyri chlor'idi et o'pii, Pills of Calomel and Opium. 
 (Hydrarg. chlorid. mit. p. iij ; Opii p. j ; Confect. 
 Ros. q. s. To be divided into pills each contain- 
 ing two grains of calomel. — Ph. Ed.) 
 
 PilitLjB Cambo'gi^ Compos'it^, P. de guttd 
 gaman'drd seu hydrago'gcp, seu gnmmi guttcB aloet'- 
 iccB, G.amboge jiills, Compoxmd camboge pi/Is, (F.) 
 Piltdes de gorame gutte composees. (CamhogicB 
 eontritcB, aloes spicat. extract, contriti., pidv. cin 
 nam. eomp. sing, ^j ; saponis, ^ij. — Ph. L.) Ca- 
 thartic. Dose, gr. x to xx. 
 
 Morrison's Pills are said by Dr. Paris to be 
 nothing more than the above, with the addition 
 of a small portion of cream of tartar. 
 
 Pil'ul^ Cathar'ticje Compos'it^, Compound 
 cathartic pills. {Ext. colocynth. comp. in pulv. 
 §ss ; ext. jalapcB in pulv., hydrarg. chlorid. mit. 
 aa 5'y ' gambog. in pulv. ^ij. M. Form into a 
 mass with water, and make into 180 pills. — Ph. 
 U. S.) Three for a dose. 
 
 Pilule Cocchii, P. aloes et colocynthidis — p. 
 Cocciae minores, P. aloes et colocynthidis — p. 
 Coccinae, P. aloes et colocynthidis — p. Colchici 
 • et digitalis, P. Lartigue's — p. Colocynthidis com- 
 positaa, P. aloes et colocynthidis — p. ex Colocyn- 
 thide cum aloe, P. aloes et colocynthidis. 
 
 PiluLjB Colocynth'idis et Hyoscy'ami, Pills 
 ef Colocynth and Henbane. {Pil. Colocynth. 
 comp. p. ij ; Ext. Hyoseyam. p. i. — -Ph. B.) Dose, 
 gr. V to gr. XX. 
 
 PiLULiE Communes, P. aloes et myrrhae. 
 PiluLjE Conii Compos'iTjE, Compound Pill of 
 Hemlock. {Ext. Conii J^v; Ipecac, pulv. ^j ; The- 
 riac. q. s. — Ph, L.) Dose, gr. v three times a day. 
 
 PiLULiE CuPRi, P. ammoniureti cupri. 
 Pilule Copa'iBjE, Pills of Copaiba. {Copaib. 
 ^ij; magnesicB, recente praepar. 3J- Mix, and 
 set aside till it concretes into a pilular mass, to 
 be divided into 200 pills.— Ph. U. S.) Each pill 
 contains nearly five grains of copaiba. Two to 
 six for a dose. 
 
 Pilule Cupri Ammonia'ti, Pj'Z^s of ammo' ni- 
 ated Copper. {Cupri ammon. in pulv. p. j ; micee 
 panis, p. vj ; Liq. ammon. carbonat. q. s. — Ph. 
 E.) Dose, one to sis pills. 
 
 PiLULJE de Cynoglos'so, P. de extrac'to o'pii. 
 {Pulv. rad. cynogloss., semin. hyoseyam. alb., ex- 
 tract, opii vinos, aa ^\Y ; pulv. myrrh. Jvj ; oliban. 
 ^v ; croci, castor., aa 3-'^^ > syruj} ojjii, q. s. — 
 Ph. P.) Anodyne. In cough, &c. Dose, gr. iv 
 to gr. viij. 
 
 Pjlul^ Depurantes, p. hydrargyri submu- 
 riatis compos. 
 
 Pilule Digita'lis et Scill^, Pills of Digi- 
 talis and Squill. {Digital., Scillce, aa p. j; 
 Elect, aromat. p. ij. — Ph. E.) One or two pills 
 for a dose. 
 
 Pilule Ecphractic^, P. de aloe et foetidis. 
 Pilule Ferri Carbona'tis, Pills of carbonate 
 of iron, Vallet's pills, Vallet's ferru'givous p>ills. 
 {Ferri sulph. 5 viij ; sodee carbonat. ^x ; 3/el. 
 despumat. ^iij ; sacchar. ^ij ; aqucB bullientis, Oij ; 
 syrup, q. s. Dissolve the sulphate of iron and 
 carbonate of soda, each in a pint of the water, 
 and to each solution add a fluidounce of syrup; 
 then mix the two solutions in a bottle just large 
 enough to contain them ; close it accurately with 
 a stopper, and set it by, that the carbonate of 
 iron may subside. Pour off the liquid, and having 
 washed the precipitate with warm water, sweet- 
 ened with syrup in the proportion of f^^j of the 
 latter to Oj of the former, until the washings no 
 longer have a saline taste, place it upon a flannel 
 cloth, and express as much water as possible ; 
 then mix it with the honey and sugar. Lastly, 
 heat the mixture in a water-bath, until it attains 
 a pilular consistence. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Pilule Ferri Compos'it^e. P. ferri cum viyr- 
 rhd. Compound pills of iro7i, Griffith's Pills, (F.) 
 Pilules de fer composees. {3Iyrrh, in pulv. ^'j i 
 soda suhcarh., ferri sulph. aa ^j ; syrup, q. s. 
 Mix, to form SO pills.— Ph. U. S.) Tonic. Dose, 
 gr. X to XX. 
 
 Pilule Ferri Iod'idi, Pills of Iodide of iron. 
 {Ferri sulphat. ^j ; Potass, iodid. Qiv ; traga- 
 canth. pulv. gr. x; sacchar. pulv. 3^ss. Beat with 
 syrup into a mass, to form 40 pills. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, one fo three where a tonic and eutrophic 
 is indicated. 
 
 PiLULiE Ferri cum Myrrha, P. Ferri compo- 
 sitae. 
 
 Pilule Ferri Sulpha'tis, Pills of Sulphate 
 of Iron. {Ferri sidph. exsicc. p. ij ; Ext. Taraxac. 
 p. V ; Conserv. Roscp. p. ij ; Glycyrrhiz. pulv. p. 
 iij.— Ph. E.) Dose, gr. v to gr. xx. 
 
 PiLULJE Fcetii)^, p. galbani compositae. 
 PiluLjE Gal'bani Compos'iTjE, P. assafoetidm 
 compos'ita sen foe' tidce seu giimmo'scB seu e gummi 
 seu antispas'ticcB seu antihyster'icee seu myrrhcB 
 cnmpos'itoB, Compound gal'banum pill, Gum pill. 
 {Gnlban., myrrhcB, aa ,^vj ; assafo?fidcB, 3'J ' 
 syrup, q. s. to form 240 pills. — Ph. U. S. ) Anti- 
 spasmodic and emmenagogue. Dose, gr. x to 
 
 XX. 
 
 Pilule Gummi, P. galbani compositae — p. 
 Gummi guttae aloeticee, P. cambogite compositae 
 — p. Gummosae, P. galbani compositae — p. de 
 Gutta gamandra, P. cambogiae compositae. 
 
 Pilule ex Helleb'oro et Myrrha, P. ton'- 
 iccB, Backer's pills, Tonic pills of Backer, Pills 
 of hellebore and myrrh. (Ext. helleb. nig., 
 myrrh, aa 3J ; fol. cardui benedict, in pulv. 
 3iij. M. — Ph. P.) Tonic and emmenagogue. 
 
PILULE 
 
 716 
 
 PILIJL.E 
 
 In dropsical, cutaneous, and verminous affections. 
 Dose, gr. iv to gr. viij. 
 
 Matthews's jjiUs, — Starhey'a pills, are formed 
 of rad. helleh. nigr., rad. glycyrrh., sapon. CasfilL, 
 rad. curcuma, opii purif., syrup, croci, aa §iv; 
 ol. tereh. q. s. ut fiat massa. — Gray. 
 
 PiluLjE Hydragog^, p. cambogiae compositss 
 — p. Hydragogse Bontii, Pilulse aloes et cambogiae. 
 
 PiluLjE Hydrar'gyri, P. mercuria'les, Jfer- 
 cnrinl or Blue piill, (F.) Pilules de Jlercure. 
 [Hydrarg. purif . ^j ; conf. rasa, ,^iss; glycyrrh. 
 pulv. ^ss. Hub the quicksilver with the confec- 
 tion, until the globules disappear; then add the 
 liquorice powder, and beat the whole into auniform 
 mass, to be divided into 4S0 pills. — Ph. U. S. ) Anti- 
 syphilitic ; mercurial; — in large doses, purgative. 
 
 A purgative pill, much prescribed by Mr. Aber- 
 nethy, and called Ahernethy' s pill, consisted of 
 pil. hydrarg. gr. x ; jalap, pulv. gr. xx ; syrup, 
 rhamni, q. s. ut fiant pil. vj. Two were given at 
 night, and the next morning a wineglassful of 
 infusum sennm. 
 
 PlLUL.5E HyDRARGYRI ChLORIDI ET OpII, P. 
 
 Calomelanos et Opii. 
 
 PiLUL.E Hydrar'gyri Chlo'ridi Mitis, Pills 
 of mild chloride of mercury, Cal'omel pills. {Hy- 
 drarg. chlorid. mit. ^^ss ; acacicB, in pulv. ^j ; 
 syrup, q. s. ut fiant pil. 240. — Ph. U. S.) Each 
 pill contains one grain. 
 
 PiLUL.E DE HyDRARGYRO, ScAMMO'XIO ET 
 
 Aloe, vulgo Mercuria'les, (F.) Pilules Mer- 
 curielles ou de Mercure, Scammonee et Aloes. 
 (Hydrarg, purif. ^j ; mellis, ,^xj. Rub until the 
 globules disappear; then add aloes Socot., scam- 
 ??ion. aa^'j; macis, cj'ii )ia?/i. aa ^'j- Make into 
 a mass. — Ph. P.) Uses, same as the last, but 
 they are more purgative. Dose, gr. viij to xxx. 
 These pills are nearly the same as the Pastilles 
 de Renaudot. 
 
 Pilule es Hydrargyro Muriatico miti cum 
 ScLPHURE Stibiato Aurantiaco, Pilulse hydrar- 
 gyri submuriatis compositse. 
 
 PiLUL,B Hydrargyri Submuriatis Compos- 
 ite, P. ex stih'io et hydrar' gyro seu antiherpet' - 
 ic(B seu ex hydrargyro muriat'ico miti cum suV- 
 phure stibia'to auriantiaco seu resolven'tes cum 
 mercurio seu depurantes seu hydrargyri suhmit- 
 riatis, Pilula Hydrar'gyri chlor'idi compo'sitas, 
 PilulcB calomel' anos compos'itcB, Compiound Calo- 
 omel jiill. Compound pills of suhmuriate of mer- 
 cury, Caloraelpills, Phimmer'sjnlls, Red pill. {Hy- 
 drarg. submur., aittimon. sxdjihur. precipitat. sing. 
 5'J > S'"''"'"C. gu)n resin, contrit. ^iv ; spirit rect. 
 gss. Beat together. — Ph. L.) Mercurial, and 
 reputed to be diaphoretic and alterative. Dose, 
 gr. V to X. 
 
 LeaJee's pilula saluta'ria resembles these. It 
 is used in syphilis. 
 
 PiLoi.E Hydrargyri Submuriatis et Oph, 
 P. Calomelanos et Opii. 
 
 Pilule Ipecacuan'h.e et Opii, Pills of Ipeca- 
 cuanha and Ojiium,. {Pulv. Ipecac, et Opii, p. iij; 
 Conserv. Roscb, p. j. — Ph. E.) One grain of opium 
 in about thirteen grains. 
 
 P1LUL.E Ipecacuan'he cum Scilla, Pills of 
 Ipecacuanha icith Squill. {Pulv. Ipecac, comp. 
 ,^''j ; ScillcB pulv., Ammoniac, in pulv. aa Jj ; 
 Theriac. q. s. — Ph. L.) Dose, gr. v to x. 
 
 P1LCL.E Mercuriales, p. hydrargyri, P. de 
 hydrargj'ro, scammonio et aloe — p. Doctoris Mor- 
 ton, P. balsamicse — p. Myrrhse compositae, P. 
 G-albani compositae. 
 
 P1LUL.E Opia'tj3, Pilulm Opii (Ph. U. S.), P. 
 Theha'iccs, Opiate pills, Common night pills, Ann- 
 dyne pills, (Prov.) Squatting pills, Nepen'thes 
 opia'tum, (F.) Pilules opiacees. {Opii pulv. 
 S j sc2^on. gr. xij ; to be made into 60 pills. — Ph. 
 U. S.) Each pill contains a grain of opium. 
 
 PiLULJi; DE ExTRACTO Opii, P. de cynoglosso 
 
 — p. ex Oxido stibii et hydrargyri sulphureto 
 nigro compositEe, Pilulae antiscrophulosae. 
 
 Pilule Plumbi Opia't^, O'piate Pills of 
 Lead. {Plumb, acetat., p. vj ; Opii, p. j ; Con- 
 serv. Roscb, p. j. To be made into four grain 
 pills. — Ph. E.) Each pill contains three grains 
 of acetate of lead. 
 
 Pilule PlEsolvestes cum Mercurio, P. ty- 
 drargyri submuriatis compos. — p. de Pvhabarbaro, 
 Pilulse rhei compositae. 
 
 The stomachic nostrum, sold under the name 
 oi Moseley's ptills, consists merely oi rhubarb and 
 ginger. 
 
 PiLULjE Qui'NiiE Sulpha'tis, PiUs of Sulphate 
 of quinia. {Quin. sxdpih. ^j; acacia, in pulv. 
 2Jij; mel. q. s. ut fiant pilulas 480. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Each pill contains a grain of the sulphate of 
 quinia. 
 
 Pilule Rhej, Pills of Rhubarb. (RheJ pulv. 
 ^vj; saponis, ^ij. M. et fiant pil. 120. — Ph. U. 
 S.) Each pill contains three grains of rhubarb. 
 
 A good dinner or stomachic pill is made of 
 Rhej pulv. ^ij ; Capsic. pulv. gj j make into a 
 mass with molasses, and divide into 60 pills. 
 Dose, two or three before dinner. 
 
 Pilule Rhei Compos'ite, P. de Rhahar'baro, 
 Compound rhubarb pills. {Rhei, pulv. ^j : aloes, 
 pulv. ^vj ; myrrh, pulv. ^iv ; ol. menthcepip. f ^ss. 
 Beat into a mass, with syrup of orange-peel, to 
 form 240 pills.— Ph. U. S.) Laxative and sto- 
 machic. Dose, gr. x to xx. 
 
 Pilule Rhej et Ferri, Pills of Rhubarb and 
 Iron. (Ferri sulpih. exsiccat. p. iv; Ext. Rhej, p. x ; 
 Conserv. Roscb, p. v. Make into five grain pills.) 
 Dose, as a tonic and laxative, two or three pills. 
 
 Griffitfs pills, so called after Dr. S. P. Griffitts, 
 of Philadelphia, who prescribed them as a tonic 
 aperient, were formed as follows: — Rhej, pulv. 
 ,^iss; ferri sulph. 3^^ .' saponis, ^ij ; aqiicB, q. s. 
 ut fiat massa in pil. xl dividenda. Dose, three or 
 four at bedtime. 
 
 Pilule Rcfi, P. aloes et myrrhae — p. Salu- 
 tarise, Leake's, see Pilulae hydrargyri submuriatis 
 compositae — p. Saponaceae, P. saponis cum opio 
 
 — p. Saponis compositae, P. saponis cum opio. 
 Pilule Sapo'xis Compos'ite, P. Sapona'cece 
 
 seu sapo'nis eompos'ita. Pills of soap and opium, 
 (F.) Pilules de savon et d'opinm. (Opiii, §ss ; 
 sapon. ^ij. M. — Ph. U. S.) Five grains contain 
 one of opium. 
 
 The Pharmacopoeia of the United States has a 
 form for the Pilulee opii. Opium pills, as well as 
 for the PihdcB saponis compositcB ; the onlj' difi'er- 
 enee between them being in the proportion of the 
 ingredients. See Pilulse opiatae. 
 
 Pilule e Scilla, P. scillae compositae. 
 
 Pilule Scille Compos'ite, P. scillit'iccB seu 
 scillcB cum zingib'ere seu e scilla, Compound squill 
 pill. (ScillcB, pulv. 5J ; zingib. pulv., ammoniac. 
 pulv. aa ^ij ; saponis, ^iij ; syrup, q. s. ut fiant 
 pil. 120. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, two pills. Expec- 
 torant and diuretic. Dose, gr. x to xx. 
 
 Pilule Scille cum Zixgibere, P. scillae com- 
 positae — p. Scilliticae, P. scillae compositae — p. ex 
 Stibio et hydrargyro, P. hydrargyri submur. com- 
 pos. — p. Stotnachicae, P. aloes et kinae kinae. 
 
 Pilule STRTCR':^ije, Pills of Strychnia. ("Very 
 pure strychnine, 2 gr. ; conserve of roses, ^SS- 
 Make into 24 pills.) One or two for a dose. 
 
 Pilule Sty'racis, P. S. Comjios'itm, Storax 
 Pills. (Styracis pur. ^vi ; opii, croci, sing. ^^ij. 
 
 — Ph. E.) Five grains contain one of opium. 
 Pilule Sublinguales, Hypoglottides. 
 Pilule de Terebin'thi.na, Turpentine Pilh. 
 
 Made of turpentine boiled in .3 times its weight 
 of water, until, when thrown into cold water, it 
 forms a soft paste, which has the properties of 
 turpentine, and has been administered in gleet, &c. 
 
PILULAR 
 
 717 
 
 PINEA 
 
 PiLtrii-E ThebaiC/E, p. opiatsB — p. Tonicse, P. 
 ex Hellebore et mvrrha. 
 
 PIL'ULAR, Pilula'ris, (F.) Pilnlaire, from 
 pUula, 'a pill.' Relating to pills, — as ' & inlular 
 mass,' ' pilular form,' &c. 
 
 PILULES, Pilulse — p. Agrfgatives, see Aggre- 
 gate—;:), d' Aloes ou aloetiques, Pilulse aloeticse — 
 p. d' Ammoniure de euivre, Pilulae ammoniureti 
 eupri — p. de Barhier, see Pilulae Aloes et kinse 
 kinse — p. Benitea de Fuller, Pilule de aloe et 
 fo3tidis — p. CocMes, Pilulse aloes et colocynthidis 
 — p. de Duchesne, see Pilulee Aloes et kinse kinse 
 — p. de Fer composees, Pilulffi ferri eompositse — 
 p. Fei'rugineuses de Vcdlet, see Ferri protocarbo- 
 nas — p. Gourmandes, Pilulse aloes et kinse kinse 
 — p. Indiennes stomachiques de Delacroix, see 
 Pilulse aloes et kin* kinse — p. de Lnrtigue, Pill, 
 Lartigue's — p. de Mercure, Pilulse hydrargyri — p. 
 de Mercure, &c., Pilulae de hydrargyro, et scam- 
 monio et aloe — p. Jlercurielles, Pilulte de hydrar- 
 gyro, scammonio et aloe — p. Opiacees, Pilulse 
 opiat* — p. Panchymagogues, Pilulse aloes et colo- 
 cynthidis — 2^- ^^ Savon et d' Opium, Pilulae saponis 
 cum opio — 2^' Universelles, Pilulae aloes et colo- 
 cynthidis. 
 
 PILULIER (F.), Pill Machine. An instrument 
 for rolling and dividing pills. Also the earthen 
 pot in which pills are preserved. 
 
 PILUM, Pistil'lus, Pistillum, Hyp'eros, Cer'- 
 cis, (F.) Pilon. A pestle. A wooden, iron, bell- 
 metal, marble, agate, porcelain, or glass instrument 
 for beating or dividing substances in a mortar. 
 
 A spring 2^^^tle is one attached above to a 
 spring, so as to take off the weight, and thus 
 lessen the labour of pounding. 
 
 PILUS, Capillus, Caul, Hair. 
 
 PIMELE. Fat. 
 
 PIMELECCHYSIS, Pimelorrhoea. 
 
 PIMELICUS, Fatty. 
 
 PIMELI'TIS, from ijijxcXr,, 'fat,' and itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the adi- 
 pous tissue. 
 
 PIMELODES, Fatty. 
 
 PIMELO'MA, from mmM, 'fat.' A fatty 
 swelling. 
 
 PIMELORRH(E'A, Pi melee' chy sis, from 
 irificKr], 'fat' and ptui, 'I flow.' A morbid dis- 
 charge or disappearance of fat. 
 
 PIMELORTHOPNCE'A, Piorihopnoe'a ; from 
 TLniXii, 'fat,' o(j9o;, 'upright,' and Tzvtciv, 'to 
 breathe.' Dyspnoea, practicable only in the erect 
 attitude, owing to fat. 
 
 PIMELO'SIS, Obes'itns nim'ia, from -nijizXri, 
 'fat.' Conversion into, or formation of, fat, — as 
 Pimelo'sis hcjiat'ica, 'fatty degeneration of the 
 liver.' 
 
 PiirELOsis Hepatica, Adiposis hepatica — p. 
 Nimia, see Polysarcia. 
 
 PIMENT, Capsicum annuum — p. d'Eau, Poly- 
 gonum hydropiper — p. Royal, Myrica gale. 
 
 PIMENTA, see Myrtus pimenta. 
 
 PIMENTO BACC^, see Myrtus pimenta. 
 
 PIMENTO, see Myrtus pimenta. 
 
 PIMPERNEL, BLUE, Scutellaria lateriflora 
 — p. Red, Anagallis — p. Scarlet, Anagallis arven- 
 sis — p. "Water, Veronica beccahunga. 
 
 PIMPILIM, Piper longum. 
 
 PIMPINEL, (b}j}i)iella or hipennula, from the 
 double pennate orderof its leaves,) see Pimpinella. 
 
 PiMPiJJRL Italian, Sanguisorba officinalis. 
 
 PIMPINELLA ALBA, P. saxifraga — p. An- 
 gelieaefolia, Ligustieum podagraria. 
 
 Pimpixel'la Axi'suAr, Anise plant, Anisum 
 (Ph. U. S.), A. officiita'le seu vulga're Sison ani'- 
 stcm, A'pinm ani'sum, Sola' men intestino'rum, Ane'- 
 sum, (F.) Anis, Boncage anis. Ord. Umbelliferse. 
 Sex. Sysf. Pentandria Digynia. A native of 
 Egypt. The seeds, Ani'sum, CPh. U. S.) Sem'ina 
 
 Ani'si, An'iseed, (Old Eng.) Aneys, have an aro- 
 matic odour; and a sweetish, warm, grateful 
 taste. They are carminative, and used in dyspep- 
 sia and in tormina of infants. Dose, gr. xv to 
 gj, bruised. The oil, — Oleum Ani'si, (F.) fftcile 
 d'anis — is officinal. Dose, gtt. v to xv. Most of 
 the oil used in this country under the name of 
 Oil of Anise is said to be obtained from Illicium 
 Anisatum. 
 
 Aqua ani'si. Anise water, (Ph. D.) is made by 
 mixing a fluidounce oi essence of anise, with half 
 a gallon (Imp. meas.) of distilled water, and fil- 
 tering through paper. 
 
 Pimpinella, Greater, P. magna — p. Hircina, 
 P. Saxifraga — p. Laterifolia, Sion ammi. 
 
 Pimpinel'la Magna seu nigra seu major seu 
 rubra; Greater Pimpinel'la ; Tragoseli'num mag- 
 num seu majus, Daucus, Cyan'opus, (F.) Boucage 
 majeur. The root has been extolled as diuretic 
 and resolvent, as well as in erj'sipelatous ulcera- 
 tions, tinea capitis, rheumatism, &c. 
 
 Pimpinella Major, P. magna — p. Nigra, P. 
 magna — p. Nostras, P. saxifraga — p. Officinalis, 
 Sanguisorba officinalis — p. Rubra, P. magna. 
 
 Pimpinella Saxif'raga, Sax'ifrage, Buruet 
 sax'ifrage, Pote'rium aanguisor'ba, Sorbastrel'la, 
 Tragoseli'num, T. saxif'raga, Pim2jinel'la hirci'na 
 seu umbellif era seu alba seu nostras, (F.) Bou- 
 cage mineur. Petit B., Pimprenelle, Rompt-2jierre. 
 The root has an unpleasant smell, and hot, pun- 
 gent, bitterish taste. It has been recommended 
 as a stomachic; and as a stimulating gargle in 
 paralysis of the tongue. 
 
 Pimpinella Umbellifera, P. saxifraga. 
 
 PIMPLE, Papula. 
 
 PIMPLED, Papulose. 
 
 PIMPRENELLE, Pimpinella saxifraga —^i. 
 Noire, Sanguisorba officinalis. 
 
 PIN. Perhaps from 2^fnnum, low Latin : or 
 from spina ]!'], ^Spina fer'rea, Spi'nnla, Aeus 
 ca2}ita'ta, (F.) £2^ingle. An iron or brass instru- 
 ment, generally of a small size, pointed at one 
 extremity, and having a head at the other. It is 
 used, in Surgery, to fix rollers and dressings ; 
 and occasionally in sutures. 
 
 PIN A^ND WEB, Caligo. 
 
 PIN 1 PIGNON, see Pinus picea. 
 
 PINASTELLUM, Peucedanum. 
 
 PINASTER, Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 PINBONE, Ischion. 
 
 PINCE, Forceps — p. d Anneanx, see Forceps 
 — p. d Dissection, see Forceps — p. d Ligature, see 
 Forceps — p. Lithodrassique, see Lithodrassic — p. 
 Pansement, see Forceps. 
 
 PINCE, Pinched. 
 
 PINGEE, Pugillus. 
 
 PINCERS, Forceps, 
 
 PINCETTE, Forceps. 
 
 PINCHED, Contrac'tus, Retrac'tus, (F.) Pince, 
 Grippe. An epithet applied to the face, when 
 the features are contracted or shrunken ; as in vio- 
 lent abdominal affections, or during intense pain. 
 
 PINCKNEY'A PUBENS, P. Pules' cens, 
 Georgia Baric, Bitter Bark, Florida Bark, Fever 
 tree. This bark has been used in Georgia in the 
 cure of intermittents, and successfully. It is a 
 powerful bitter. Dose of the powder,':^j. 
 
 PINDARS, Arachis Hypogea. 
 
 PINE APPLE, Bromelia ananas — p. Apher- 
 nousli, Pinus cembra — p. Ground, Lycopodium 
 complanatum — p. Ground, stinking, Camphoros- 
 ma Monspeliaca — p. Loblolly, Pinus taeda — p. 
 Mountain, see Pinus mughos — p. Mugho, see 
 Pinus mughos — p. Prince's, Pyrola umbdlata — 
 p. Sap, American, Hypopitys lanuginosa — p. 
 Stone, Pinus pinea — p. Sugar, see Arrow Root 
 — p. Yellow, Pinus palustris. 
 
 PINEA, Pinus jiinea. 
 
PINEAL 
 
 718 
 
 PINUS MUGHOS 
 
 pme. 
 
 PINE'AL, Plnea'Us, from pinus, 
 That which resembles a pine-apple. 
 
 Pineal Gland, Glandula pinea'lis, Cerebral 
 epi]}h'ysis, Cona'rium, Cono'i'des corpus, Corpus 
 turbina'tum, Penis seu Vtrga seu Turbo cer'ebri, 
 is a small body, of a conical shape ; pale red or 
 grayish colour; and soft censistence; situate be- 
 tween the fornix and the tubercula quadrigemina. 
 It almost always contains sabulous particles, 
 Sab'ulum cona'rii, Brain Sciud, Pine'al Sand. 
 When these are grouped together over the base 
 of the gland, they form the Acer'vidus Cer'ebri 
 of Soramering, Acer'vuli seu Lapil'li glan'dulcB 
 jjinea'lis. From its anterior parts arise two me- 
 dullary strioe, which proceed over the posterior 
 commissure; coast along the optic thalami, and 
 unite at the anterior pillar of the fornix, — the 
 Habe'ncB, Haben'ulas or reins of the pineal gland 
 — Pedunculi cona'rii, see Peduncles of the Pineal 
 Gland. 
 
 The uses of the pineal gland are unknown. 
 Descartes supposed it to be the seat of the soul ! 
 Pineal Sand, see Pineal gland. 
 PINEI, see Pinus pinea. 
 PINEOLI, see Pinus pinea. 
 PINEUS PURGANS, Jatropha curcas. 
 PINEWEED, Hypericum sarothra. 
 PINGUECULA, Pteryg'inm pjingue seu lar- 
 da'ceum, from pinguis, ' fat,' ' fatty.' A small, 
 whitish-yellow tumour in the sclerotic conjunc- 
 tiva and subjacent areolar tissue, close to the 
 margin of the cornea on its nasal or temporal 
 side ; so called from its being supposed, but erro- 
 neously, to be of a fatty nature. 
 
 PINGUEDO, Fat — p. Renalis, Nephridion. 
 PINGUIC'ULA VULGA'RIS, {pinguis, 'fat,') 
 P. alpi'na, Sanic'ula monta'na seu Eboracen'sis, 
 Vi'ola palus'tris, Dodecath'eon Plin'ii, Butter- 
 iDort, Yorkshire San'icle. Ord. LentibulaceaB. 
 Sex. Si/st. Diandria Monogynia. The unctuosity 
 of this plant has caused it be applied to chaps, 
 and as a pomatum to the hair. Decoctions of the 
 leaves, in broths, are used by the common people 
 in Wales as a cathartic. 
 PINGUID, Fatty. 
 PINGUIDINOUS, Fatty. 
 PINGUIN, Bromelia pinguin. 
 PINGUITUDO, Polysarcia adiposa. 
 PINHOLE PUPIL, see Pupil, pinhole. 
 PINHONES INDICI, Jatropha curcas. 
 PINK, CAROLINA, Spigelia Marilandica. 
 Pink Dye. Stripped sajfflower, ^j. vubcarb. of 
 potass, gr. xviij, spirit of icine, ^vi] ; digest for 
 two hours; add distilled loafer, ^\y, digest for 
 two hours more, and add distilled vinegar or 
 lemon Juice q. s., to reduce it to a fine rose-colour. 
 Used as a cosmetic. 
 
 Pink, Ground, Silene Virginica — p. Indian, 
 Spigelia Marilandica — p. Wild, Silene Virginica. 
 PINKROOT, Spigelia marilandica — p. Deme- 
 rara, Spigelia anthelmia. 
 
 PINNA, Ala, Pavilion of the ear — p. Marina, 
 see Bissus. 
 
 PINNACULUM FORNICIS GUTTURALIS, 
 Uvula. 
 
 PINN^ HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver — p. 
 Naris, see Nasus. 
 PINNULA, Aileron, 
 
 PINNULE HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver. 
 PINO'LI (S.). A preparation used for subsist- 
 ence on long journeys in the West. It is parched 
 corn, beaten or ground very fine, and sweetened 
 with sugar, to be used with water, and drunk on 
 the march. It is the cold flour of the Indians, 
 and early Western pioneers. 
 
 PINONCILLO TREE, Castiliognia lobata. 
 PINSWEAL, Furunculus. 
 PINT, Octarius. 
 
 PINTA, from (S.) pintar, 'to paint.' Blue 
 stain : a disease, which is said to prevail in Mex- 
 ico, and to be a variety of Pityriasis versicolor. 
 
 PINUS A'BIES. P. excel'sa seu pice'a, A'bies, 
 A. rubra seu excelsa seu picea, El'ate ihelei'a, 
 Pice'a, Noricuy Spruce Fir, Yew-leaved Fir. 
 Nat. Ord. Coniferse. Sex. Sj/st. Monoecia Mona- 
 delphia. The tops are used in making Spruce 
 Beer. 
 
 Essence of Spruce, Essen'tia Abie'tis, is a fluid 
 extract, prepared by decoction from the twigs of 
 this species of fir. From this is made Spruce 
 Beer. 
 
 This fir affords the Burgundy pitch and com- 
 mon frankincense. 1. Bur'gundy or White pitch, 
 Pix Burgun'dica seu alha seu ar'ida seu abieti'na 
 seu abie'tis (Ph. U. S.), Besi'na abie'tis hu'mida, 
 R. alba humida, Pini abie'tis resina s2)onte. con- 
 cre'ta, (F.) Poix blanche ou grasse ou jaune ou 
 de Bonrgogne. This prepared concrete juice is 
 of a close consistence, rather soft, of a reddish- 
 brown colour, and not unpleasant smell. It is 
 very adhesive to the skin ; and, consequently, 
 forms excellent plasters for remaining upon the 
 part for some time ; — as in cases of affections of 
 the chest. 2. Abie'tis Besi'na (Ph. L. since 
 1809), Common Frankincense, Perrosin, Thus, 
 Th. fa-mini' num seu vulga're, Olib'an}im vulgore. 
 seu sylves'tre, Besina abietis sicca. Resin of the 
 Spruce Fir. It is solid, dry, brittle ; externally, 
 brownish-yellow ; internally, whitish. Used in 
 plasters like the last. 
 
 Pinus Abies, see P. picea — p. Alba, P. picea. 
 Pinus Balsame'a, A'bies balsame'a seu bal- 
 samif'era, Peu'cea balsame'a. Balsam fir. The 
 tree which affords the Canada Balsam, Balsamwn 
 Oanaden'se seu de Can'ada, Resina strobili'na, 
 Terebinth'ina Canaden' sis seu Pini balsame'a, Ca- 
 nada Turpentine or Balsam, Balsam of Fir, (F.) 
 Bautne de Canada, is one of the purest turpen- 
 tines. It has the common properties of those 
 substances. 
 
 Pinus Canaden'sis, Abies Canaden'sis, Hem- 
 lock, Hemlock, Spruce. A tree, which is abundant 
 in Canada, Nova Scotia, and the more northern 
 parts of New England, and is found in the ele- 
 vated and mountainous regions of the Middle 
 States. The pitch — Pix Canadensis, Canada 
 Pitch, Hemlock Pitch — obtained from it is com- 
 monly known under the name Hemlock Gum, 
 Pinus Candicans, P. Picea. 
 Pinus Cembra, P. Monta'na, Aphernous'li 
 Pine. It yields an agreeably scented turpen- 
 tine : — the Carpa'thian Balsam, Bal'samnm Car- 
 path'icum seu Lib'ani, Carpath'icum, Brian<;on 
 Tur'pentine. The nuts, Cembro nuts, Nu'clei Cem- 
 brce, have an eatable kernel, and yield oil. The 
 shoots yield Riga Balsam by distillation. 
 
 Pinus Damar'ra, Ag'athis Damarra, grows in 
 the East India Islands. The juice speedily con- 
 cretes into a very hard resin, — the Damarra tur- 
 pentine. 
 
 Pinus Excelsa, P. abies — p. Gallica, P. picea. 
 Pinus Larix, A'bies larix, Larix, L. commu'- 
 nis seu decid'na seu Europce'a seu pyramida'lis. 
 The Larch, (F.) Meleze. From this tree exudes 
 Or' emberg gum, Bri'angon manna, Gummi lar'icis 
 seu Oremhurgen'se seu Vralen'se, Manna Brigan- 
 ti'na seu larice'a. It also yields, by boring. Com- 
 mon Venice Turpentine, Resina Lar'icis. Terebiv 
 thina Ven'eta seu larici'na, Pini Lar'icis rcsi'na 
 liq'uida, (F.) Terebenthine de Venise ou de Me- 
 leze. It is usually thinner than the other sorts 
 of turpentine. 
 
 Pinus Mughos. The ^fountain or 3fugho Pine, 
 Pinus Pumil'io. From the extremities of the 
 branches e.xudes the Besi'na Strobili'na, of the 
 Germans, or Hungarian Balsam. It is also ob- 
 tained, by expression, from the cones. By dis- 
 
PINUS PALUSTRIS 
 
 19 
 
 PIPEROID 
 
 dilation, the Hungarian balsam affords the Kriim- 
 kola oil, Oleum Tenijjlinuni. 
 
 PiNcs Palustris, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 PiNUS Pice'a, p. Abies, A'hies, A. jiice'a seu 
 pectina'ta seu Gal'lica seu alba seu caii'dicans 
 seu vulfja'ris seu taxifo'lia, £nrojjean Silver Fir 
 Tree, El'ate, (F.) Sapin commun. By piercing 
 the tubercles of the bark of this fir, the Stranburg 
 Tiirpentine is obtained: — the Resi'na Abie' tin 
 (Ph. L. before 1S09), Oleum Abietii, Terebinth' in a 
 Argentoraten' sis. 
 
 Pixus Pinaster, see P. sylvestris. 
 PlNlTS Pi'nea, Stone Pine, Pinea, Pinus, P. 
 tiber'rima seu sati'va. The nuts, Zirbel nuts. 
 Pine nnti, Nu'clei Pi'necB, Pinei, Pine'oli, (P.) 
 Pin d pignons, are eaten raw, or preserved like 
 almonds. They are, also, used in emulsions. 
 
 Pinus Pomilio, see Pinus Mughos — p. Sativa, 
 P. pinea. 
 
 Pinus Sylves'triS, Pinaa'ter, Pence, Scotch 
 Fir. This pine, as well as P. marit'ima [P. 
 Pinaster), and other species of Pinus, affords 
 common turpentine and its oil, resin, tar, and 
 pitch. 1. Common Turpentine of Europe, Tere- 
 binth'ina, T. vulga'ris seu commu'nis, Resina pini, 
 Bijon, Horse Turpentine, Bordeaux Turpentine, 
 (F.) Terebintliine de Bordeaux, Terebinthine com- 
 mune, is obtained by wounding the tree in hot 
 weather. It is used, chiefly, as a dressing for 
 wounds, &c., in horses, and for the distillation of 
 the oil, (see Oleum Terebinthinee.) The tchite 
 Turpentine, or commoii Turjjentine of America — 
 Terebinth' ina. Ph. U. S. — is produced chiefly 
 from Pinus palustris. Yellow pine, and P. tcBda, 
 Loblolhj pine, and perhaps from other species in- 
 habiting the Southern States. When the oil is 
 distilled with water, yellow resin, or Posin, (Re- 
 si'na, Ph. U. S.) — Resina flava — is left, which is 
 only used in the formation of ointments and 
 plasters. If without the addition of water, the 
 residuum is common resin or Colophony. 2. 
 When the cold begins to cheek the exudation of 
 the common turpentine, part of it concretes in 
 the wounds. This is called, in France, Gallipot, 
 Barras ; and White Rosin, Resina alba, when 
 hardened after long exposure to the air. 3. When 
 the old trees are subjected to distillation, in a 
 coarse manner. Tar is obtained — Hijgropissos, 
 Pissa, Pix ce'dria seu liq'uida, Resi'na pini em- 
 pyrenmat'ica liq'uida, Terebinth'ina empyreu- 
 mat'ica, Alchitram, Alchitu'ra, Cedria, (F.) Gou- 
 dran, G. vegetale, Poix liquide, Brai liquide. 
 Tar renter, Aqua Pice'a seu Picis, Tnfu'sum Picis 
 liq'uidcB seu Picis empyrenmaticcE liquidce, Po'tio 
 2}ice'a, (F.) Eau de Goudron, which is made by 
 mixing two pints of tar with a gallon of icater, 
 stirring with a wooden rod for fifteen minutes, 
 and, when the tar has subsided, straining and 
 keeping in well stopped bottles, was, at one time, 
 a fashionable remedy in numerous complaints, 
 and its use has been revived, since its virtues 
 have been presumed to be owing to creasote. It 
 is employed chiefly in pulmonary affections, and 
 the vapour has been recommended in phthisis 
 and other diseases of the lungs. It is used ex- 
 ternally as a detergent. A wine or beer of tar, 
 Tarbeer, Jeica'beer, has been employed in Phila- 
 delphia in similar cases. It may be made by 
 adding to tar enough beer to saturate it. mixing, 
 and allowing them to macerate for three days, 
 with occasional agitation. The dose is a table- 
 Bpoonful. 4. Common Pitch, Pix nigra. Black 
 Pitch, Burnea, Bnrnia, Stone Pitch, Pix. sicca, 
 P. atra, P. nava'Us, Zopissa, Palimpis'sa, P. 
 ar'ida (Ph. L. before 1809), (F.) Poix navale, P. 
 noire, is obtained by inspissating tar. It is used 
 only as a resolvent in plasters. 
 
 Pinus Tjetia, see P. sylvestris — p. Taxifolia, 
 
 P. picea — p. Uberrima, Pinus pinea — p. Vulga- 
 ris, P. picea. 
 
 PIOXE, Peeonia. 
 
 PIONY, PBEonia. 
 
 PIORTHOPNCEA, Pimelorthopncea. 
 
 PTOULQUES (F.). A kind of sucking-pump, 
 invented by Louis, for extracting water that had 
 entered internal cavities, in cases of drowning. 
 A useless instrument. 
 
 PIP, Svphilis. 
 
 PIPE-PLANT, Monotropa uniflora. 
 
 PIPER, -neiTtpi, see Piper nigrum. 
 
 Piper Album, Leucop'iper, White Pepper, is 
 black pepper freed from its cuticle. 
 
 Piper ANGusTiFOLiusr, Matico — p. Aromati- 
 cum, P. nigrum — p. Betel, Betel — p. Brazilianum, 
 Capsicum annuum — p. Caleeuticum, Capsicum 
 annuum. 
 
 Piper Capen'se, a South African species, has 
 all the properties of the peppers, and, in appear- 
 ance and taste, greatly resembles cubebs. It pos- 
 sesses, too, similar virtues. 
 
 Piper Caryophyllatuii, see Myrtus pimenta 
 — p. Caudatum, P. cubeba — p. Chiapie, see Myr- 
 tus pimenta. 
 
 Piper Ccbeb'a, Perse'a seu Laurvs cubeba, 
 LitscBa cubeba seu piperi'ta. Ord. Piperacese.. 
 A native of Java and Guinea. The odour of 
 these berries — Cubeba (Ph. U. S.), Com'jjeper, 
 Compeba, Cubal sini. Piper cauda'tum, BacccB 
 Piperis glabri, Cubeb or Tailed Pepper, Cuma'- 
 mus, (F.) Poivre-d-queue, Quabebe — is aromatic; 
 taste at first cooling, afterwards pungent. The 
 active principle is an essential oil — Oleum Cube- 
 bcB, oil of cubebs — which is officinal in the Pharm. 
 U. S. The properties of the cubeb are stimulant 
 and purgative. It is used only in gonorrhoea. 
 Dose, from ^j to 3J) '^^ powder, three or four 
 times a daj' ; of the volatile oil, 10 or 12 drops. 
 
 ' Turkey yellow berries,' — the dried fruit of the 
 Rhamnus Catharticue — are often substituted for 
 cubebs. 
 
 Piper Elongatum, Matico. 
 
 Piper Guineense, Capsicum annuum — p. His- 
 panicum. Capsicum — p. Indicum, Capsicum an- 
 nuum — p. Jamaicense, see Myrtus pimenta. 
 
 Piper Longum, ilacrop'iper, Acapat'li, Catu- 
 trip'ali, Pim'p)ilim, Chav'ica Roxburghii, Long 
 Pepper, (F.) Poivre long. As we receive the 
 berries, they consist of the unripe fruit dried in 
 the sun; and are small, round grains, disposed 
 spirally on a cylindrical receptacle. They are 
 stimulant, carminative, and tonic, like the other 
 peppers. Dose, gr. v to Qj. 
 
 Piper Lusitanicum, Capsicum annuum — p. 
 Murale, Sedum. 
 
 Piper Mkthisticusi, see Ava. 
 
 Piper Nigrum, 3felanop'iper, jlfolagoeo'di, 
 Lada, Piper aromat'icum. Black Pepper, (F.) 
 Poivre voir. Black pepper. Piper (Ph. U. S.), 
 is the unripe fruit dried in the sun. Virtues, 
 same as those of the other peppers. When freed 
 from its husk by mechanical trituration it consti- 
 tutes Fulton's decorticated pepper. 
 
 Piper Odoratuji Jamaicense, see Myrtus 
 pimenta — p. Tabascum, see Myrtus pimenta — p. 
 Turcicum, Capsicum annuum. 
 
 PIPERI'NA, Piperi'mun, Pip'erine, Piperin, 
 from piper, 'pepper.' A resinoid substance, ob- 
 tained from the piper nigrum by M. (Ersladt, in 
 which a part of the virtues of the pepper resides. 
 It has been employed, like the quinia, in inter- 
 mittents, and successfully. 
 
 PIP'EROID, Pipero'i'dum, Zingib'erin, from 
 piper, 'pepper,' and «i5of, 'resemblance.' A yel- 
 low syrupy mass obtained by exhausting ginger 
 root by ether. It is soluble in ether, alcohol, and 
 oils, and may be given in tincture, sugar, lozenge, 
 or sjTup, in cases where ginger is indicated. 
 
PIPEROPASTUS 
 
 720 
 
 PITCH 
 
 PIPEROPAS'TUS, from Treircpi, 'pepper,' and 
 Traacuv, ' to strew.' Strewed with pepper,— socks, 
 for example, where it is desirable to excite the 
 surface of the feet. 
 
 PIPETTE. 'A small pipe.' In Pharmacy, a 
 small tube terminating in a perforated point, 
 which is passed into a liquid to be removed — 
 from the surface of a precipitate, for example. 
 The liquid is drawn into the tube by applying 
 the mouth to the free extremity. 
 
 PIPIN'NA, Men' tula parva. A small penis. 
 PIPPERIDGE BUSH, see Oxycantha Galeni. 
 PIPSISSEWA, Pyrola umbellata— p. Spotted, 
 Pyrola maculata — p. White, Pyrola maculata. 
 PIPTONYCHIA, Onychoptosis. 
 PIPTOSTEGIA OPERCULATA, see Batata 
 de purga — p. Pisonis, Convolvulus mechoacan. 
 PIQUETE, see SahU. 
 PIQUE E, Puncture, Wound, punctured. 
 PIRTLING, Slavering. 
 PIRUS, see Pyrus malus. 
 PISA, (CLIMATE OF.) Pisa has long been 
 celebrated as one of the most favourable climates 
 in Italy for the consumptive. It is genial, but 
 somewhat oppressive and damp. It is softer than 
 that of Nice, but not so warm; less soft, but less 
 oppressive than that of Rome. 
 
 PISCIARELLI, MINERAL WATERS OP. 
 A spring at Monte Secco, in Italy, between Lake 
 Agnano and Solfatara. It is thermal (100° Fahr.), 
 sulphureous, and carbonated; and is chiefly used 
 in old ulcers, leucorrhoea, chronic diarrhcea, and 
 in cutaneous affections. 
 
 PISCID'IA ERYTHRI'NA, Jamaica Dog- 
 wood. Ord. Leguminosas. A small branching 
 tree, common in most of the West India Islands; 
 Diadelphia Decandria of Linnaeus. It is used in 
 the West Indies to poison fish. It appears to be 
 an acro-narcotic, and has been used in the form 
 «f a tincture of the bark of the root in toothache. 
 PISCINA, Baignoire. 
 
 PISCIVOROUS, Pisciv'orus, TcTttJiyoph'agons, 
 Ichthyoph'agus, from piscis, 'a fish,' and voro, 'I 
 eat.' Feeding or subsisting on fish. 
 
 PIS'IFORM, Pisiform' is, from j^'^tim, 'a pea,' 
 and /oj-ma, 'shape.' Pealike, pea-shaped. 
 
 Pisiform'I, Os, Os lenticula're seu orhicida're 
 seu extra or'dinem carpi, (F.) Os hors da rang, 
 is the fourth bone of the first row of the carpus. 
 It is round, and gives attachment to the tendon 
 of the cubitalis anterior, and to the anterior trans- 
 verse ligament of the carpus. It is articulated, 
 behind, with the os cuneiforme. 
 PISO, Mortar. 
 PISSA, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 PISSASPHAL'TUS, Pissasplial'tum, Ifineral 
 Pitch, from inaaa, 'pitch,' and aa^jtaXro;, 'bitu- 
 men.' (F.) Poix minerale. A thicker kind of 
 Petroleum or Bock oil; formerly employed as a 
 vulnerary. It is synonymous with Glu'tinoua 
 hitu'men, Malta hitu'nien, and Mineral tar, 
 
 PISSEL^'UM, Oleum Pic"iiium, from macra, 
 ' pitch,' and cKaiov, ' oil.' An oily matter ob- 
 tained from boiling pitch, and used for the same 
 purposes as tar. 
 
 PisseljEdm Indicum, Petroleum. 
 PTSSEMENT DE PUS, Pyuria— j-j. de Sang, 
 Hasmaturia. 
 
 PISSENLIT, Leontodon taraxacum. 
 PISSE-SANG, Fumaria. 
 PISSE'ROS, from Tncaa, 'pitch.' Ancient 
 name of a cerate, prepared of olive oil, oil of 
 roses, and dried jntch. It was, also, called Gera'- 
 tum pica' turn, and 0. tetraphar'macum. — Hippo- 
 crates. 
 
 PISSI'TES, Vinum pica' turn. Same etymon. 
 
 A wine prepared from tar and the must of the 
 grape. It was regarded to be stomachic. 
 PISSOSIS, Malacia. 
 PISSWEED, Anthemis cotula, 
 PISTACHIO NUTS, see Araehis hypogea, 
 Pistacia vera. 
 
 PISTACIA CHIA, P. lentiscus. 
 Pista'cia Lentis'cdS, P. Chia, Tcrcbin'tlms 
 lentiscus, Lentiscus vidga'ris ; the Mastich Tree. 
 Ord. Terebinthaceae. The wood of this tree 
 abounds with the resinous principles of mastich ; 
 and a tincture made from it has been used in the 
 cure of dyspeptic affections, gout, and dysentery. 
 It yields, by incision, the resin Mastich, liesi'na 
 Lentis'cina, Men' frige, Mas'tiche, Mastix, Pista- 
 cicB Lentis'ci Eesi'na. This resin has an agreea- 
 ble smell when heated: is almost insipid; in 
 globular, irregular, yellowish, semi-transparent 
 masses; soluble in ether; partially so in alcohol. 
 It is stimulant, and has been used in old coughs, 
 and gleet, and is chewed to sweeten the breath. 
 It is sometimes, also, employed to stop holes ia 
 carious teeth. 
 
 Oil of 3Iastich, Mastichela'on, Oleum Mastich'- 
 inum, is mentioned by Dioscorides. 
 
 Pistacia Narbonensis, P. lentiscus — p. Reti- 
 culata, P. lentiscus. 
 
 Pistacia Terebin'thus, P. Narhoiten'sis seu 
 reticula'ta seu vera, Turpentine Tree, Hah-el-Ka- 
 limhat, Terehinthus vulga'ria, Terminihos. The 
 tree which affords the G^/prus l'urp)eiitine, Eesi'- 
 na Terehin'thi, Terehinth'ina vera seu Chia seu 
 Gyp'ria, (F.) Terebinthine de Ohio. This sub- 
 stance is classed amongst the resins. It is pro- 
 cured by wounding the bark of the trunk. The 
 best Chio turpentine is of about the consistence 
 of honey ; very tenacious, clear, and almost 
 transparent; of a white colour inclining to yel- 
 low, and of a fragrant smell; moderately warm 
 to the taste, but free from acrimony and bitter- 
 ness. It resembles in virtues the other turpen- 
 tines. 
 
 Pistacia Vera, vtaTOKia. Name of the tree 
 which affords the Nux Pistacia. Pista'chio nuts 
 have a sweetish, unctuous taste, resembling that 
 of sweet almonds. Like these, they afford an oil, 
 and may be formed into an emulsion. 
 
 PISTILLUM, Pilum. 
 
 PISTOLOCHIA, Aristolochia pistolochia. 
 
 PISTORIENSIS GLADIUS, Bistonri. 
 
 PISUM, incov, P. saii'vum, Pea, Garden pea, 
 (F.) Pois, P. cultivL The seeds of the pea, Ord. 
 Leguminosse, Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria, 
 are much employed as an aliment, both in the 
 fresh and dried state. They are farinaceous, and, 
 when dried, not easy of digestion. 
 
 PIT, Pock mark — p. of the Stomach, Fossette 
 du coeur. 
 
 PITAY'A BARK. This bark of Gineho'na 
 pitay'a, Ord. Cinchonaceae, is preferred in Co- 
 lombia to any other. It contains a new vege- 
 table alkali, to which the name Pitayine has 
 been given. 
 
 PITAYINE, see Pitaya bark. 
 
 PITCAITHLEY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These saline springs, at Pitcaithley, about four 
 miles from Perth, Scotland, contain chlorides of 
 sodium and calcium. 
 
 PITCH, Colophonia — p. Black, see Pinus syi- 
 vestris — p. Burgundy, see Pinus abies — p. Ca- 
 nada, see Pinus Canadensis. 
 
 Pitch Cap, see Depilatory. 
 
 Pitch, Common, Pinus sylvestris — p. Hemlock, 
 see Pinus Canadensis — p. Jew's, Asphaltum — p. 
 Mineral, Pissasphaltum. 
 
 Pitch Plaster, see ' Depilatory, Eraplastrum 
 picis. 
 
 Pitch, Stone, see Pinus sylvestris — p. White, 
 see Pinus abies. 
 
PITHYRIASIS 
 
 21 
 
 PLACENTULA 
 
 PITHYRIASIS, Pityriasis. 
 
 PITHYRINUS, Acerosus, Purfuraceous. 
 
 PITTA'CIUM. A pitch plaster, from rrtrro, 
 ' pitcii.' 
 
 PITTING, Pock marli. 
 
 PITTOSIS, Malacia. 
 
 PITTO'TA. Medicines in which pitch is the 
 chief ingredient. 
 
 PITTSBURG, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 chalybeate mineral spring, situate about four 
 miles south-west of Pittsburg, in Pennsylvania. 
 It contains chloride of sodium, chloride of mag- 
 nesium, oxide of iron, sulphate of lime, and car- 
 bonic acid. 
 
 PITUITA, Mucus, Phlegm— p. Narium, Nasal 
 mucus. 
 
 PITU'ITARY, Pituita'riiis, {¥.) Pitnitaire, 
 from pititita, 'phlegm.' Concerned in the secre- 
 tion of mucus or phlegm. A name given to seve- 
 ral parts. 
 
 Pituitary Bodt, P. Gland — p. Fossa, Sella 
 turcica. 
 
 PiTo'iTARY Gland, Glan'dula Piudto'aa seu 
 p'tuita'ri'a seu hasila'ris, Lncn'na seu Appendic' - 
 nla cer'ebri, Senti'na, Hypoph'ysis seu Appendix 
 cer'ehri. Corpus pituita're, Pituitary body; — 
 Appendice sus-sphenoidale du cerveau, (Ch.) A 
 small, round body ; the anterior portion of which 
 is of a cineritious yellow hue, and the posterior, 
 which is smaller, is whitish and pulpy. Its func- 
 tions are unknown. 
 
 Pituitary Membrane, Schneide'rian Mem- 
 brane, Membra'na pituita'ria seu olfacto'ria. 
 The mucous membrane which lines the nasal 
 fossae, and extends to the diiFerent cavities com- 
 municating with the nose. In the nasal fossse, 
 the membrane appears formed of two layers, in- 
 timately united; — the one in contact with the 
 bone is fibrous ; — the other is free at one surface. 
 The latter is a mucous membrane, on which pa- 
 pillse are not easily distinguishable, but which 
 contains them, as well as a number of very small 
 mucous follicles, that open into the cavity of the 
 nares. On penetrating the maxillary, frontal, 
 sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sinuses, the membrane 
 becomes very thin, transparent, less vascular, 
 and seems reduced to its mucous layer. The 
 pituitary membrane receives the impression of 
 odours, by means of the expansion of the olfac- 
 tory nerves upon it. It is the seat of smell. 
 
 PITUITE, Mucus. 
 
 PITU'ITOUS, Pitutto'sus; from pituita, 'mu- 
 cus or phlegm.' Consisting of, or resembling, or 
 full of mucus or phlegm. 
 
 PITYRI'ASIS, from irirupov, 'bran;' Lepido'- 
 siD Pityriasis, Pityria'ma, Pithy ri'asis. Herpes 
 fnrfura'ceus seu farino'sus, Porri'go (of some), 
 Tin'en furfara'cea seu porrigino'sa, Fnrfura'tio, 
 Furfuris' ea, Dandriff, Dandruff, (So.) Luss, 
 (Prov.) Room, Rummet, (F.) Teigne, Dartre, D. 
 furfuraeee volante ; — a very superficial affection; 
 characterized by irregular patches of thin scales, 
 which repeatedly exfoliate and recur ; but which 
 never form crusts, or are accompanied with exco- 
 riations. It is not contagious. It occurs under 
 three or four varieties of form. 
 
 Pityriasis, Porrigo — p. Nigra, Melasma — p. 
 Versicolor, Chloasma. 
 
 PITYRISMA, Pityriasis. 
 
 PITYROIDES, Furfuraceus. 
 
 PITYRON, Furfur. 
 
 PIVOINE, Pseonia. 
 
 PIVOTING. In dentistry, an operation, 
 which consists in fastening in a new crown upon 
 the root of a tooth by means of a piece of gold 
 wire, called ' a, pivot.' 
 
 PIX, Sperm — p. Abietina, see Pinus abies — 
 p. Abietis, see Pinus abies — p. Alba, see Pinus 
 abies — p. Arida, see Pinus abies, and Pinus syl- 
 46 
 
 vestris — p. Atra, see Pinus sylvestris — p. Brntiii, 
 Brutia — p. Burgundica, see Pinus abies — p. Ca- 
 nadensis, see Pinus Canadensis — p. Cedria, see 
 Pinus sylvestris — p. Grseca, Colophonia — p. Li- 
 quida, see Pinus sylvestris— p. Navalis, see Pinus 
 sylvestris — p. Nigra, see Pinus sylvestris — p. 
 Sicca, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 PLACE'BO, 'I will please,' from placeo. A 
 medicine, prescribed rather to satisfy the patient 
 than with any expectation of its effecting a cure. 
 
 PLACEN'TA, TrXaicouj, n-XoKouiToj. A Latin 
 word, signifying a Cake. P. uteri seu uteri'im 
 seu uteri car'tiea, Hepar sen Jeeur uteri' num, Curo 
 seu Affu'sio orbicularis, Mazn. A soft, spongy, 
 vascular body, adherent to the uterus, and con- 
 nected with the fcetus by the umbilical cord. It 
 is not iu existence during the first period of the 
 embryo state, but its formation commences per- 
 haps with the arrival of the embryo in the uterus. 
 It is generally considered to have two portions, 
 one foetal, and the other maternal. The foetal 
 consists of highly vascular villi and tufts, which 
 contain the inosculating loops of the umbilical 
 arteries and umbilical vein of the foitus. The 
 maternal portion is considered by Dr. Reid to con- 
 sist, essentially, of a large sac formed by the 
 inner coat of the vascular system of the mother, 
 into which the maternal blood is poured by the 
 curling arteries of the uterus, and from which it 
 is returned by the utero-placental veins. The 
 tufts and villi of the foetal placenta are ensheathed 
 by this inner coat of the maternal vascular sys- 
 tem ; and, according to Prof. Goodsir, two dis- 
 tinct sets of nucleated cells — one maternal and 
 the other foetal — separate the maternal and foetal 
 portions where they come in contact, one set of 
 which are probably, he thinks, concerned in the 
 separation of nutritive matter frona the maternal 
 blood, and the other destined to convey it into 
 the vessels of the fcetus. The placenta is formed 
 of several lobes or cotyledons, which can be read- 
 ily distinguished from each other on the uterine 
 surface ; but towards the fcetal surface are con- 
 founded into one mass. It is composed of the 
 umbilical vessels, areolar tissue, and whitish, re- 
 sisting filaments, which are vascular ramifications 
 obliterated. Lymphatic vessels have also been 
 presumed to exist in it; and nerves have been 
 traced, proceeding from the great sympathetic of 
 the foetus. 
 
 The main function of the placenta appears to 
 be like that of the lungs in the adult. It admits 
 of the blood of the foetus being shown to that of 
 the mother, and undergoing requisite changes. 
 It may, also, be an organ for nutritive absorp- 
 tion, as observed above. 
 
 Animals, which have no placenta — as the Mar- 
 supialia — are called implacental and nonplacental. 
 
 Placen'ta Cruoris, see Blood — p. Pebrilis, 
 Ague cake — p. Oblata, P. pros via — p. Obvia, P. 
 praavia. 
 
 Placenta Pr.e'via, (from prw, 'before,' and 
 via, ' way,') P. ob' via seu obla'ta. Presentation 
 of the placenta; a condition which gives rise to 
 unavoidable hemorrhage from the uterus. The 
 safety of the female depends upon speedy de- 
 livery. 
 
 Placenta Sanguinis, see Blood — p. Uteri 
 Succenturiata, Decidua. 
 
 PLACEN'TAL, Placenta'Us. (F.) Placentaire. 
 Relating, or appertaining to, the placenta. Pos- 
 sessed of a placenta, — as ' a. placental mammal.' 
 
 PLACENTI'TIS, Placounti'tis, Placoi'iis, In- 
 flamma'tio placen'ta, A hybrid word — from 
 placenta, and itis, a suffix denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Infllammation of the placenta. 
 
 PLACEN'TULA, 'a little cake,' diminutive of 
 ^ZaceH^a, 'a cake.' A rudimental placenta. The 
 placenta of an abortion. 
 
PLACOITIS 
 
 22 PLANTAIN DES ALPES 
 
 PLACOITIS, Placentitis. |: 
 
 PLACOUNTITIS, Placentitis. ' : 
 
 PLADAROMA, Pladarosis. ! 
 
 PLADARO'SIS, Pladaro'ma, Pladar'otes, \ 
 from TT'XaSapos, 'soft.' A soft tumour on the eye- ; 
 lid, unaccompanied with redness or pain. Tra- 
 choma. 
 
 PLADAROTES, Pladarosis. 
 PLAFOND DES VENTRICVLES DU 
 CER VEA U, Corpus callosum. ] 
 
 PLAGA, Ictus, Wound. I 
 
 PLAGIOBOL'IA, Phmohol'ia, from 7r>ayio;, j 
 'to one side,' and /3aX>£iv, 'to throw.' Imperfect 
 emission of sperm into the vagina. Emission to 
 one side; sometimes practised to render impreg- 
 nation less probable. 
 
 PLAGUE, from n'SriyT], plac/n, 'a stroke.' Pe-i- 
 tis, P. orienta'ils seu hnhona'ria orientali's seu 
 iitgutna'ria seu enntagio'ea seu ncntiss'ima seu 
 sep'tica seu glandulo'sa seu ade'no-septica seu 
 iiiffiiinarin, Pestil'itas, Epliem' era pesfilenfia'li'a, 
 E. mortif'era, Lues ingmna'ria, Clades glnndii- ; 
 la'ria, Phthm-a, Pestilen'tia, Luei, Loimon, Febris 
 ade'iio-iiervo'sa, Lcemon, Lceme, Lce'mta, Lcemop'- j 
 yra, Ohaosda, Aitthra'cin PesttH, Aiiihracoti/phits, 1 
 Febrh pes'tilenn, Syn'ochiis pestileutia'lis, Tophus 
 pestis seu pestilentia'Us seu gravis' simus seu nn- 
 thra'ciciis seu bitbon'icus, Exanthe' ma pestia, the 
 Pest, Levant plague. Septic or glan'dnhir pes'ti- 
 lence, The sickness, (P.) Peste, Typhus d' Orient, 
 Fievre du Levant, F. adeno-nerveuse. An emi- 
 nently malignant disease; endemic in the Le- 
 vant; frequently epidemic, and destroying at 
 least two-thirds of those it attacks. It is a fever 
 of the most aggravated kind, with affection of 
 the lymphatic glands of the groins or axillae, and 
 carbuncles. Its miasmata — it has been conceived 
 — adhere to different organic textures, to woollen 
 goods, clothing and furniture ; and may thus be 
 transported to a considerable distance ; but this 
 is not certain. The mean duration of the disease 
 is six or seven days ; some die in twenty-four 
 hours, others not till ten or twelve days. Patho- 
 logical anatomy has afforded little light with re- 
 spect to it. Various means have been used for 
 arresting it, but none have seemed to be pre-emi- 
 nently distinguished. The great point is, to 
 watch the indications as they develop themselves; 
 and to treat the case, in general, like one of 
 typhus gravior. It is universally agreed that the 
 suppuration of the buboes should be aided as far 
 as practicable. For preventing the importation 
 and spread of the plague, the Quar'antlne Laws 
 have been instituted ; and when the disease has 
 actually appeared, a cordon sanitaire has been 
 drawn round the infected district, so as to pre- 
 vent all communication. 
 
 Plague op An'toni'nus, Pestis Anfoninia'na, 
 (F.) Peste Antnnine. A severe febrile disease, 
 which prevailed in the Roman empire, during the 
 reign of Antoninus. It began in Asia, and passed 
 westward. It resembled the Plague of Athens. 
 
 Plagite of Athens, (F.) Peste d'Athenes. A 
 febrile disease, which raged at Athens during the 
 Peloponnesian war, in the 5th century before the 
 Christian era; and a description of which is given 
 in Thucydides. It was characterized by a cuta- 
 neous eruption, accompanied by small ulcerations, 
 vomiting, affection of the respiratory organs, and 
 diarrhoea. It began in the far East, and, before 
 reaching Athens, ravaged Egypt, and the greater 
 part of the Persian Empire. 
 Plague, Black, Death, black. 
 Plague, Cold. A severe form of congestive 
 fever, seen in the Southern States. Bilious pneu- 
 monia, in which there is no reaction, has been, 
 also, so called. 
 
 Plague Mark, Plague token. 
 
 Plague, Pali. A malignant fever, greatly 
 
 resembling Plague, which prevailed in Rajpoo- 
 tana after July, 1836. 
 
 Plague Spot, Plague token. 
 Plague Token, Phigue niarJe, Plague spot. 
 A mark by which one struck with the plague was 
 known. Perhaps the early stage of carbuncle in 
 unfavourable eases. It is described as a small 
 tubercle — Bosaa — somewhat resembling a wart, 
 callous and more or less deficient in sensibility, 
 varying in size from that of a millet-seed to that 
 of a bean. 
 
 PLAGULA, Compress, Pledget, Splint. 
 
 PLAIE, Wound — p. d'Arme d fen, Wound, 
 gunshot — p. dArquebusade, Wound, gunshot — 
 p. Contuse, Wound, contused — p. Envenimee, 
 Wound, poisoned — p. par Arrachement, Wound, 
 lacerated — p. d Lambeaux, see Flap. 
 
 PLAINTIVE, Lucfnewr. 
 
 PLANANTHUS FASTIGATUS, Lycopodium 
 selago — p. Selago, Lycopodium selago. 
 
 PLANARIA LATIUSCULA, Distoma hepa- 
 ticum. 
 
 PLAN CHER (F.), 'floor.' In anatomy, the 
 inferior wall or boundary of a cavity. 
 
 PL AN CHER DU CERVEAU, Tentorium. 
 
 PLANCUS, Leiopus. 
 
 PLANE, Plexus. 
 
 Plane, Mesial, see Mesial. 
 
 PLANET-STRUCK, see Sideratio. 
 
 PLANE'TES, Plane'ticus, Plan'icus, Erra- 
 bun'dus, Errat'ic, from -rrXavTi, 'a wandering 
 about.' An epithet given to diseases, whose re- 
 turns are irregular — especially to interuiittent 
 fever ; Planetes Febris, F. Errat'ica, F. Erro'nea, 
 F. Vagn. 
 
 PLANETICA ARTHRITIS, Gout, wander 
 ing. 
 
 PLANICUS, Planetes. 
 
 PLANIPEDES, Steganopodes. 
 
 PLANITIES PEDIS, Sole. 
 
 PLANOBOLIA, Plagiobolia. 
 
 PLANTA NOCTIS, Hydroa, Sudamina — p. 
 Pedis, Sole — p. Prima pedis, Tarsus. 
 
 PLANTA'GO, P. Ilajor, Centiner'via, Arno- 
 glos'snm, Septiner'via, Polyneu'ron, Heptaplen'- 
 ron, Plantn'go latifo'lia seu major seu vulgn'ris, 
 Great plantain, Waybread, (So.) Wabran leaves, 
 (F.) Plantain commun. Ord. Plantaginaeeas. 
 Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. The leaves 
 have been said to be refrigerant, attenuant, sub- 
 styptic, and diuretic. 
 
 Plantago Aquatica, Alisma plantago. 
 
 Plantago Corda'ta, Heart leaved plantain, P. 
 Lanoeola'ta, Kibgrass, and P. Virgin'ica, White 
 plantain, or Ribwort, indigenous; have proper- 
 ties like Plantago major. 
 
 Plantago Coron'opus, Coronopo' dium, Cnrnn 
 cervi'num, Stella terrcB, Plantago, Bxichsliorii 
 Plantain. Properties like the last. 
 
 Plantago Nitida, P. psyllium. 
 
 Plantago Psvl'lium, P. nit'ida, Psyl'lium, P. 
 eree'tum, Pulica'r'is herba, Crystal'lion, Cyno- 
 mni'a. Branching Plantain, Fleawort, (P.) Herhe 
 aux puces commune. The seeds have a nauseous, 
 mucilaginous taste, and no remarkable smell. 
 The decoction of the seeds is recommended in 
 hoarseness and roughness of the fauces. 
 
 Plantago Vulgaris, Plnnt.igo. 
 
 PLANTAIN DES ALPES, hrn\c&.moTit!\r\a— 
 p. Branching, Plantago psyllium — p. Buckshorn, 
 Plantago coronopus — p. Commun, Plantngo — p. 
 d'Eau, Alisma plantago — p. Great, Plantagu 
 major — p. Heart leaved, Plantago eordata. 
 
 Plantain Meal, see Musa paradisiaca. 
 
 Plantain, Rattlesnake, Gmidyera pubeseens 
 — p. Robin's, Erigeron bellidifolium. 
 
 Plantain Tree, Musa paradisiaca. 
 
 Plantain, Water, Alisma plantago, Unisema 
 deltifolia — p. White, Plantago Virginica. 
 
PLANTAIRE 
 
 723 
 
 PLASTER 
 
 PLANTAIRE,V\&,nt^T muscle— />, Gr^le, 
 Plantar muscle. 
 
 PLANTAR, Planta'ris, (F.) Plantaire, from 
 planta, 'the sole of the foot.' That which re- 
 lates or belongs to the sole of the foot. This 
 name has been given to several parts. 
 
 Plantar Aponectro'sis, P. fas'cia. A thick, 
 dense, resisting aponeurosis; of a triangular 
 shape, and superficially situate, which occupies 
 the middle and sides of the sole of the foot, and 
 furnishes insertions to several of the muscles of 
 the region, either directly or through the medium 
 of septa, which it sends between them. 
 Plantar Arch, see Plantar arteries. 
 Plantar Arteries. These are two in num- 
 ber, and arise from the extremity of the posterior 
 tibial artery. They are distinguished into : — The 
 internal jdantar artery, situate above the abduc- 
 tor pollicis pedis. It extends from the termina- 
 tion of the posterior tibial to the trunk of one of 
 the collaterals of that toe. — The external plantar 
 artery is larger than the preceding, and ought to 
 be considered as the termination of the posterior 
 tibial. Situate above the flexor communis di- 
 gitorum pedis, it extends from beneath the ealca- 
 neum to the posterior extremity of the last meta- 
 tarsal space. When it has reached this part, it 
 turns from without inwards ; advances towards 
 the posterior extremity of the first metatarsal 
 bone, and anastomoses with the perforating 
 branch of the dorsalis tarsi. In the first part of 
 its course, it furnishes calcaneal, articular, mus- 
 cular, and adipous branches. The second por- 
 tion of the artery is called the Plantar Arch or 
 Gross. It gives branches in all directions. The 
 inferior and posterior have received no name. 
 The superior — three in number — are the poste- 
 rior perforating arteries. The anterior branches 
 are larger, and there are commonly four. They 
 furnish the anterior perforating, and the collate- 
 rals of the last four toes. 
 
 Plantar Cross, see Plantar arteries — p. Fas- 
 cia, P. aponeurosis. 
 
 Plantar Ligaments. A name given to the 
 inferior ligaments, which unite the bones of the 
 tarsus and metatarsus, to distinguish them from 
 the superior, called dorsal. 
 
 Plantar Muscle, Planta'ris, P. grac"ilis, 
 Tihia'lia grac"ili8, Exten'sor tarsi minor, (F.) 
 Plantaire, P. Grele, Jambier grele. Petit ffmoro- 
 calcanien, (Ch.) A muscle, situate at the poste- 
 rior part of the leg. It is long, thin, and narrow. 
 Above, it is attached to the posterior part of the 
 external condyle of the os femoris : below, it ter- 
 minates by a long tendon, which is attached to 
 the posterior and inner part of the caleaneum. 
 This muscle extends the leg on the foot, and 
 conversely. It can, also, assist in the flexion of 
 the leg on the thigh. 
 
 Plantar Nerves. These are two in number, 
 and are furnished by the termination of the pos- 
 terior tibial nerve. They are distinguished into 
 — I. The internal plant'jr nerve, which extends 
 from the inferior part of the tibial nerve to both 
 sides of the first three toes, and the inner side of 
 the fourth. It furnishes, also, branches to the 
 abductor of the great toe ; to the short flexor of 
 the toes ; to the accessory ; to the short flexor of 
 the great toe, the lumbrieales, &c. 2. The exter- 
 nal plantar nerve proceeds from the termination 
 of the posterior tibial to the posterior extremity 
 of the 5th metatarsal bone, and gives branches to 
 the flexor brevis digitorum pedis, the accessory 
 and the abductor of the little toe. This trunk 
 subsequently divides into two branches; — the 
 one — profunda — is distributed to the short flexor 
 of the great toe : the interosseus and abductor 
 pollicis pedis: the other — snperficialis — sends 
 filaments to the short flexor of the little toe, the 
 
 two sides of that toe, the outer side of the 4th, 
 and the last lumbricalis. 
 
 Plantar Regions or Surfaces are different 
 regions or surfaces of the sole of the foot. Three 
 are generally reckoned, — the internal, middle, 
 and external. 
 
 Plantar Veins follow an arrangement similar 
 to that of the arteries. 
 
 PLANTARIA, Dengue. 
 
 PLANTARIS, Plantar, P. muscle— p. Superfi- 
 cies pedis. Sole — p. Verus, see Flexor longus di- 
 gitorum pedis profundus perforans (accessorius.) 
 
 PLANTARIUM, Pubes. 
 
 PLANTS DU PIED, Sole. 
 
 PLANTI- SOUS-PHALANGIENS, Lumbri- 
 eales pedis — p. Tendino-phalangienSj'LnvohtvidX&s 
 pedis. 
 
 PLANUM APONEUROTICUM DIA- 
 PHRAGMATIS. The tendinous expansion of 
 the diaphragm. 
 
 Planum Orbitale, see Maxillary bone (su- 
 perior.) 
 
 Planum Os, from planus, 'soft, smooth.' The 
 papyraceous or orbitar plate of the ethmoid bone 
 — Lam'ina papyra'cea, Lameli'a plana — was 
 formerly so called. 
 
 Planum Pedis, Sole. 
 
 Planum Supe'rius Lingua. The upper sur- 
 face of the tongue. 
 
 PLANU'RIA, from TrXavog, 'wandering, false,' 
 and ovijov, 'urine,' Discharge of urine through 
 unwonted ways. 
 
 PLAQUEMINIER D' EUROPE, Diospyros 
 lotus. 
 
 PLAQUES GAUFREES, Peyeriglan dulse— 
 p. Laiteuses, see Taches laiteuses — p. de Peyer, 
 Peyeri glandulae. 
 
 PLASMA, Liquor sanguinis. 
 
 PLASMEXHIDRO'SIS, from plasma, the li- 
 quor sanguinis ; e|, 'out of,' and 'f^pwo-ij, 'perspi- 
 ration.' Exudation of the plasma of the blood 
 from the vessels. 
 
 PLASTER, Emplastrum — p. Adhesive, Em- 
 plastrum resinse, Sparadrapum adhesivum — p. 
 Adhesive, Baynton's, see Emplastrum resinse — p. 
 Adhesive, of pitch and resins, Emplastrum de 
 pice et resinis glutinans — p. Ammoniacum, Em- 
 plastrum ammoniaci — p. Ammoniacum with mer- 
 cury, Emplastrum ammoniaci cum hydrargyro — 
 p. Aromatic, Emplastrum aromaticum — p. Asa- 
 foetida, Emplastrum asafoetidse — p. of Belladon- 
 na, Emplastrum belladonnse — p. Blister, Blister 
 — p. Blistering, Emplastrum lyttae — p. of Blister- 
 ing fly. Emplastrum ly ttse — p. Calefacient, Em- 
 plastrum calefaciens — p. of Cantharides, com- 
 pound, Emplastrum lyttae compositum — p. Ce- 
 phalic, Emplastrum picis comp. — p. Corn, Spa- 
 radrapum viride — p. Corn, Kennedy's, Spara- 
 drapum viride — p. Court, English, see Ichthyo- 
 colla, Sparadrapum adhesivum — p. Cummin, 
 Emplastrum cumini — p. Defensive, Sparadrapum 
 Galteri — p. Diachylon, Emplastrum plumbi — p. 
 Fly, Emplastrum lyttse — p. Frankincense, Em- 
 plastrum thuris — p. Galbanum, Emplastrum gal- 
 bani — p. Galbanum, compound, Emplastrum 
 galbani compositum — p. Gum, Emplastrum gum- 
 mosum — p. of Gum-resins, Emplastrum cum 
 gummi-resinis — p. Hemlock, Emplastrum cicutse 
 — p. Iron, Emplastrum ferri — p. Isinglass, see 
 Sparadrapum adhaesivum — p. Issue, Sparadra- 
 pum pro fonticulis — p. Lead, Emplastrum plumbi 
 — p. Machine, Sparadrapier — p. Mercurial, Em- 
 plastrum hydrargyri — p. of Mercury, compound, 
 Emplastrum hydrargyri compositum — p. Mus- 
 tard, Cataplasma sinapis — p. Nuremberg, Em- 
 plastrum Norimbergense — p. Opium, Emplastrum 
 opii — p. Pitch, see Depilatory — p. Pitch, comp. 
 Emplastrum picis compositum — p. Resin, Em- 
 plastrum resinse — p. of Red oxide of iron, Em- 
 
PLASTIC 
 
 24 
 
 PLETHORA 
 
 plastrum oxidi ferri rubri— p. Soap, Emplastrum 
 «aponis — p. of Spanish flies, compound, Emplas- 
 trum lyttEe compositum — p. Sticking, Emplas- 
 trum. resinte — p. Strengthening, Emplastrum 
 ferri, Emplastrum oxidi ferri rubri — p. Warm, 
 Emplastrum calefaciens — p. Wax, Emplastrum 
 cerse. 
 
 PLASTIC, Plas'ticus, Formati'vm, Form'ative, 
 (F.) Plastique, from ir^ao-aoj, 'I form.' That 
 which forms, or serves to form. 
 
 Plastic Element. One which bears within it 
 the germs of a higher form. — Gerber. Plastic 
 or Aiatogeuet'ic or organolep'tic elements of nutri- 
 tion are those elements of food which go to the 
 formation of organized tissue. — See Aliment. 
 
 Plastic Force. The generative or formative 
 power in organized bodies. It is also called Xi- 
 suxformnti'vus, Vis seu Virtus plas'tica seu for- 
 mati'va seu essentia'lis seu reproducti'va,Fac' idtas 
 forma'trix seu nutrix seu auctrix seu vegetati'va ; 
 Bias alterati'vum, Motua ussimilationis, An'ima 
 vegetati'va, Plasticism'us, Virtus forniatrix, Plas- 
 iic"itas, Pla8tic"itr/, Force of Nutrition, F. of 
 assimilation, F. of Form'ation, F. of regeta'tion, 
 Puissance du monle interieur (BaSon), Bildung- 
 Strieb, Germforce of the Germans. 
 
 Plastic Lymph, Liquor Sanguinis — p. Surgery, 
 Morioplastice. 
 
 PLASTICISMUS, Plastic Force. 
 PLASTICITAS, Plastic Force. 
 PLASTICITY, Plastic Force. 
 PLASTILYTIC, Antiplastic. 
 PLASTILYTICUM (H^MATOLYTICUM), 
 Spanaemic. 
 
 PLATA, Scapula. 
 PLATAXO, Musa Sapientum. 
 PLATANTHE'RA ORBICULA'TA, Large 
 round-leaved Orchis ; indigenous. Order, Orehid- 
 acese; flowering in July. From -aXarovs, 'wide,' 
 and avTip, for 'anther.' The leaves are large, soft 
 and fleshy, and are used, in certain places, for 
 dressing blisters. 
 
 PLATANUS, Musa paradisiaca. 
 PLATEA, Bothriocephalus latus. 
 PLATE-BONE, Scapula. 
 PLATEIASMA, Platiasmus. 
 PLATES, MANSFORD'S, see Galvanism. 
 PLATIAS'MUS, Plateias'ma, from TrXaruf, 
 'broad.' Excessive development of the lips, 
 causing the articulation to be imperfect. 
 PLATINA, Platinum. 
 
 PLATTNUM, Plat'ina, from (S.) plata, 'sil- 
 ver.' (F.) Platine, Or hlanc, Petit argent. The 
 preparations of platinum resemble in their thera- 
 peutical properties those of gold. The Bichlo'- 
 EIDE, Plat'ini Bichlo'ridum, made by dissolving 
 platinum in aqua regia, and the Double Chlo- 
 ride of Platinum and Sodium, So'dii cMoroplat' - 
 inas, CMoroplat' inate of So'dium, prepared by 
 dissolving bichloride of platinum and pure chlo- 
 ride of sodium, in proper proportions, in water, 
 evaporating and crystallizing, — are the prepara- 
 tions used. They are not much prescribed. 
 PLATULA, see Pediculus. 
 PLATYBREGMATE. see Cranium. 
 PLATYCORIA, Mydriasis. 
 PLATYCORIASIS, Mydriasis. 
 PLATYXO'SIS, from rrXoTus, 'broad.' Ampli- 
 fica'tio. Jlorbid extension of parts. 
 PLATYOPHTHALMON, Antimonium. 
 PLATYPOLIA, see Kyllosis. 
 PLATYPUS, see Kyllosis. 
 PLATYS'MA, from ffXai-uf, 'broad.' Anything 
 broadly extended. A spread plaster. 
 
 Platys'ma Myoi'des, P. Myo'des, Ifus'cidns 
 cuta'neus seu suhcnta'neus (Winslow), Quadra'tus 
 gencB seu latis'simus colli, Expan' sio musculo'sa, 
 Tetrago'nus, Stornoman'icon, (F.) Thoraco-maxillo 
 facial, Thoraco-facial (Ch.), Peaucier. A mus- 
 
 cle situate superficially on the lateral parts of 
 the neck. It is flat, broad, and quadrilateral. Its 
 fibres, which are all parallel to each other, pass 
 obliquely upwards, and from without inwards. 
 They arise from the areolar tissue, which covers 
 the anterior and superior part of the chest; pass 
 before the clavicle, and proceed to attach them- 
 selves at the interior part of the symphysis menti, 
 at the external oblique line of the jaw, and at the 
 commissure of the lips. The fibres of this last 
 insertion form a distinct fasciculus, called by some 
 anatomists Mm'culus Riso'rius Santori' ni . The 
 platysma myoides depresses the commissure of 
 the lips, and carries it outwards. It contributes, 
 also, to the depression of the lower jaw. When 
 it contracts, it wrinkles the skin of the neck 
 transversely. 
 
 PLATYSTER'NOS, from z\aTVi, 'broad,' and 
 crepvov, 'the sternum.' One who has a broad, 
 well developed chest. — D. Pechlin. 
 
 PLATYS'TOMUS; from rrAarDs, ' broad,' and 
 cTOjia, 'mouth.' One who has a broad mouth. 
 PLALTUS, Leiopus. 
 PLECHAS, Perineum. 
 PLECTAN^, Cornua uteri. 
 PLEC'TANE, Plica, Plegma, Plexus. From 
 -'XtKdj, 'I twine.' A fold; a plexus. Also, a 
 cornu of the uterus. 
 
 PLECTRUM. The styloid process of the 
 temporal bone. Also, the uvula, and the tongue. 
 — Castelli. 
 
 PLEDGET, (D.) Plagghe, Plvmace'olus, 
 Lintea'men, Plag'tda, (F.) Plumaceav, Plumas- 
 seau. A small compress or g&teau of lint — (the 
 filaments arranged parallel to each other) — flat- 
 tened between the hands after the extremities 
 I have been cut ofi' or folded down. It is applied 
 I over wounds, ulcers, &c., to preserve them from 
 1 the contact of the air, to retain dressings in situ, 
 \ and to absorb the discharges. 
 j PLEGE, Blow, Ictus. 
 I PLEGMA, Plectane. Plexus. 
 PLEGOMETER, Pleximeter. 
 PLEINAY.) 'Full.' Theraiddle part of a roller. 
 PLEIOMASTHUS, Polymasthus. 
 PLEIOMAZIA, see Polvmastbus. 
 PLENA MULIER, Pregnant. 
 PLENITUDE, Fulness. 
 PLENITUDO, Plethora. 
 PLENCK'S DEPILATORY, see Depilatory, 
 Collev's. 
 
 PLEOMAZIA. see Polymasthus. 
 PLEONEC'TICUS, from t7\mv, 'more,' and 
 fx_uvi 'to have.' Covetous. Desirous to acquire : 
 hence mania pleonectica. 
 
 Pleonec'tica Athym'ia seu Melanchol'ia. 
 A form of insanity characterized by a desire for 
 gain or bv eovetousness. 
 
 PLERO'SIS, from -'Svpv;, 'full;' also J?pj[3/c'- 
 tio, Eefec'tio, Eeple'tion. Restoration of flesh 
 after sickness. Plethora. 
 PLEROTICUS, Incarnans. 
 PLES'MONE, zlvotiOvT], Plenitu'do, Sati'etas, 
 Sati'etij. Intemperance. A condition the oppo- 
 site to that of hunger. 
 PLESSER, Plexor. 
 PLESSIMETER, Pleximeter. 
 PLESSLVFTPE, Pleximeter. 
 PLETHOMER'IA, from -\ndos, 'many,' and 
 H^pos, 'apart.' Superabundance of parts, as in 
 the case of six fingers to one hand. 
 
 PLETHO'RA, from -\v&ui, 'I fill.' Polym'mia, 
 PolyhyperhcB'mia, Panhypera-.'mia, Polychym'ia 
 sanguin'ea, Angeioplero' sis, Angioplero' sis, Ery- 
 thrce'mia, Erythro'sis, Hmmatopletho' ra, Hmmo- 
 pletho'ra, Plenitu'do, Multitu'do, Eedundan'tia, 
 Peple'tio, En'chy7na, Comple'tio, Pleth'ory, Ee- 
 ple'tion, San'guineness, Fulness, (F.) Abondance, 
 Eedondance, The word plethora, which means 
 
PLETHORIC 
 
 725 
 
 PLEURITIS 
 
 repletion, Phro'sis, expresses a superabundance 
 of blood in the system, or in some part of it: — 
 hence the division of plethora into general and 
 local; the latter being called, according to its 
 seat, cerebral, pulmonary, uterine, <fco. The prin- 
 cipal symptoms of plethora exist in the circula- 
 tory system; such as redness of the surface, 
 swelling of the veins, increase in the fulness of 
 the pulse, in the strength of the heart's pulsa- 
 tions, &c., with spontaneous hemorrhages occa- 
 sionally. With these are usually united general 
 heaviness, torpor, lassitude, vertigo, tinnitus au- 
 rium, flushes of heat, &o. The blood of plethoric 
 persons differs from healthy blood in the smaller 
 ratio of water which it contains, and especially 
 in the augmentation of the red corpuscles. 
 
 The tendency to plethora, or its actual exist- 
 ence, must be obviated by purgatives, proper diet, 
 exercise, Jkc. ; and, if the danger from it be press- 
 ing, by blood-letting. This is, however, a doubt- 
 ful remedy for general plethora, as it increases 
 haematosis. 
 
 Pletho'ra Arterio'sa is the form in which 
 the blood is rich in fibrin and red corpuscles — the 
 arte'rial constitu'tion. 
 
 Plethora, Local, Hypertemia — p. Partialis, 
 Hyperaemia. 
 
 PLETHOR'IC, PlefTio'ricm, Polym'mic, Po- 
 h/a'micus, Sanguine, Sanguin'eowt, (P.) Pletho- 
 riqite. Same etymon. Full of blood. Relating 
 to or affected with plethora. 
 PLETHORICUS, Plethoric. 
 PLETHORY, Plethora. 
 PLETHOS, Satiety. 
 PLEUMON, Pulmo. 
 PLEUMONIA, Pneumonia- 
 PLEURA, Pleurum, Pleuro'mn, 'the side, a 
 rib.' Memhra'na pleurit'ica aiiccin'gens seu coa- 
 tas miecin'gens, M. seu Tn'-niva eostalis seu suh- 
 costa'lig, Jfypnpleu'rios, Hypezo'eus, (F.) Plevre 
 ou Pleure. The plcurse are two thin, diaphanous, 
 perspirable membranes, which line each side of 
 the chest, and are reflected thence upon each 
 lung. Like all serous membranes — to which 
 class they belong — each represents a sac without 
 aperture. From the junction of the pleura of 
 each side the mediastina are formed. That por- 
 tion of the pleura which lines the parietes of the 
 chest is called Pleura Costa' lis ; the portion that 
 covers the lungs, Pleura Pulmona'lis. The arte- 
 ries of the pleurse are from the intercostals, in- 
 ternal mammaries, phrenic, inferior thyroid, &c. 
 The veins correspond with the arteries. They 
 are, also, supplied with lymphatics, but nerves 
 are not traceable in them. 
 
 Pleura is also used for Cavity of the Pleura, 
 Saecus Pleura. 
 
 PLEURA. The sides of the chest. 
 PLEURAL, Pleura'lis, Pleu'ricvs, Pleu'rites. 
 That which concerns the pleura : — as a. pleural 
 fistula; — pleural cd^vxij , pleur al hemorrhage, &c. 
 PLEURALGIA, Pleurodyne. 
 PLEURAPOPHYSES, Costaj vera?, see Costa. 
 PLEURAPOSTEMA, Empyema. 
 PLEURARTHROC'ACE, from i:\zvpa, 'a rib,' 
 apBpov, 'a joint,' and kuko;, 'bad.' Caries of the 
 ribs. 
 
 PLEURE, Pleura. 
 PLEURESIA, Pleuritis. 
 
 PLEURESIE, Pleurisy —^. i^rtMsse, Pleuro- 
 dynia. 
 
 PLEURESIS. Pleuritis. 
 PLEURETIQUE, Pleuritic. 
 PLEURICUS, Pleural. 
 PLEURIS, Pleuritis. 
 PLEURISY, Pleuritis 
 
 Pleurisy, Bilious, Pleuri'tia hilio'sa. Pleu- 
 risy accompanied %vith bilious symptoms; — the 
 effect of duodenitis or duodeno-hepatitis. 
 Pleurisy, False, Pleurodynia. 
 Pleurisy, Head. A ridiculous term, occa- 
 sionally used by the vulgar, in the Southern 
 States especially, for bilious pneumonia before 
 the pneumonitic phenomena are developed, and 
 whilst the head is prominently affected. 
 
 Pleurisy, Hemorrhagic, Haematothorax — 
 p. Rheumatic, Pleurodynia — p. Root, Asclepias 
 tuherosa. 
 
 Pleurisy, Typhoid, Pleuri'tia typho'i'des seu 
 fypho'dea seu tyjjho'sa. Pleurisy accompanied 
 by adynamic symptoms. 
 PLEURITES, Pleural. 
 
 PLEURIT'IC, Pleurit'icus, Pleurit'ical, (F.) 
 Pleriretique ; same etymon a.s pleuritis. Relating 
 or appertaining to pleuritis — as 'pleuritic pain.' 
 PLEURI'TIS, from ir^cvpa, 'the pleura;' 3for- 
 hus latera'lis seu pleurit'icus seu Costa'iis, Em- 
 pres'ma seu Cauma Pleuritis, Pleuris, Pleure'sis, 
 Pleure'aia, Pleuritis costa'iis seu vera, Pleurit'ica 
 Fehria, Pasaio pleurit'ica, Injlamma' tio Pleura, 
 Pleurisy, Injlamma' tion of the Pleura, (F.) Pleu- 
 resie, Fievre ^j/eM?-e<i'g'ue, Inflammation de la 
 Plevre, may be acute or chronic. Perhaps the 
 most violent of all internal inflammations is the 
 active form ; known by acute, lancinating pain 
 in one side of the chest, increased by inspiration, 
 by coughing, and often by pressure ; dyspnoea, 
 the inspirations short and frequent; cougli dry, 
 or with little expectoration ; and diflBculty of 
 lying on the affected side. Symptoms, attending 
 the phlegmasise in general, strongly marked. 
 
 Physical Signs. There is seldom any percep- 
 tible alteration in the exterior of the chest. When 
 effusion has taken place to a great extent, the 
 signs will be similar to those of chronic pleurisy. 
 The motion of the affected side is diminished, 
 and the vibrations of the voice cannot be detected 
 by the hand. There is more or less dulness of 
 sound on percussion, the dulness diminishing or 
 disappearing by change of position. On auscul- 
 tation, the inspiration is feeble, distant, or inau- 
 dible ; but change of position modifies it. Ego- 
 phony is usually present, when the effusion is in 
 moderate quantity, and is best heard over a por- 
 tion of the thoracic parietes, represented by a 
 band of three inches, running from below the 
 inferior margins of the scapula in the direction 
 of the ribs to the sternum. Simple pleurisy 
 rarely attacks both sides at once : when such is 
 the case, the presence of tubercles may be sus- 
 pected. 
 
 Formerly, a true pleurisy meant one seated in 
 the pleura: a. mediastinal pleurisy, one situated 
 in the anterior mediastinum ; and false pleurisy 
 or rheumntismal pleurisy, that which occupies the 
 intercostal muscles. The last has received the 
 name Pleurodyn'ia ; that of pleurisy being ex- 
 clusively appropriated to inflammation of the 
 pleura. Pleurisy has also been distinguished into 
 dry and humid, according as it is or is not accom- 
 panied by expectoration. Humid or moist j^leurisy 
 is now properly regarded as a complication of 
 pleurisy with pulmonary catarrh. It is the catar'- 
 rhal pileurisy of some. The majority of the spe- 
 cies of pleurisy, admitted by Sauvages, consist 
 of complications. 
 
 The causes of pleurisy are like those of other 
 internal inflammations. It may terminate by 
 resolution, effusion, or suppuration. 
 
 Chronic Pleurisy, which has been particu- 
 larly described by Bayle, Broussais, and Lnen- 
 nec, most commonly terminates by a serous or 
 purulent effusion, which sometimes simulates 
 hydrothorax; at others, phthisis pulmonalis. It 
 
PLEUROCELE 
 
 726 
 
 PLEXIMETER 
 
 may form slowly, without evident symptoms; or 
 it may succeed acute pleurisy. In the former 
 case, vague pains are felt in the chest, with small, 
 dry cough, oppression at intervals, shivering, 
 irregular febrile symptoms, and hardness of 
 pulse. 
 
 Physical Signs. The affected side is smoother, 
 more rounded and motionless ; the intercostal 
 spaces are dilated and filled up, or may even 
 protrude slightly. In very chronic cases, how- 
 ever, the affected side may be smaller. The tri- 
 angular space above the clavicle and the depres- 
 sion immediately above the sternum are often 
 drawn downwards on the diseased side. No vi- 
 bration is experienced by the hand when the 
 patient speaks. The parietes of the thorax are 
 sometimes oedematous, and fluctuation may be 
 occasionally felt between the ribs. On percus- 
 sion the sound is dull, or if clear, only so in the 
 upper portions of the chest. On auscultation, 
 there is an absence of the usual sounds over the 
 affected parts, excepting occasionally transmitted 
 sounds. There are no physical signs that can 
 enable us to know whether pus or serum is effused 
 into the chest. The introduction of a grooved 
 needle through the intercostal space, as recom- 
 mended by Dr. Thomas Davies, would of course 
 settle the question. 
 
 On dissection of those who have died of pleu- 
 risy, the pJeura is found thickened, red, inflamed, 
 and covered with membranous exudations or 
 false membranes. Sometimes it seems cartilagi- 
 nous and ossified. Its cavity frequently contains 
 serous or sero-purulent effusions. 
 
 The acute form of the disease requires the most 
 active treatment. General blood-letting, to such 
 an extent as to make a very decided impression 
 on the system, and repeated if necessary. This 
 is the most important agent. After the violence 
 of the disease has been got over, counter-irritants 
 will be found highly beneficial; as well as when 
 It has passed into the chronic state. The cough 
 may be relieved by demulcents. 
 
 Sauvages has given the name Pleuet'tis Ven- 
 To'sA, and Pringle that of Pleurodtn'ia Ven- 
 To'sA, to a pain behind the false ribs, attributed 
 to the presence of air in the intestines. 
 
 Pleuritis Biliosa, Pleurisy, bilious — p. Bron- 
 chialis. Bronchitis — p. Costalis, Pleuritis — p. 
 Diaphragmatica, Diaphragmitis — p. Humida, 
 Bronchitis — p. Muscularis, Pleurodynia- — p. No- 
 tha. Pleurodynia — p. Pericardii, Pericarditis — p. 
 Pulmonis, Pleuropneumonia — p. Rheumatica, 
 Pleurodynia — p. Spuria, Pleurodynia — p. Spuria 
 simulata. Pleurodynia — p. Typhoides, Pleurisy, 
 tj'phoid — p. Vera, Pleuritis. 
 
 PLEUROCE'LE, from w\evpa, 'the pleura,' 
 and KTiXn, 'a tumour.' Hernia of tJie pleura, 
 Hernia pleu'rica et pulmona'lis. This name, 
 employed by Sagar, is inaccurate, as the pleura 
 never protrudes alone. It only forms a hernia, 
 when it serves as an envelope to the lung, to tu- 
 mours, or to purulent collections, which have 
 protruded from the thoracic parietes. 
 
 PLEUROCOLLE'SIS, from rr\zvp<i, ' ihe pleu- 
 ra,' and (foXXao), 'I glue.' An adhesion between 
 the pleura costalis and pleura pulmonalis. 
 
 PLEURODYNB, Pleurodynia. 
 
 PLEURODYN'IA, PlenraVgia, Pseudo-plen- 
 ri'tis, Psendo-pleurisji, Pleurod'yne, Autal'gia 
 doloro'sa, Parapletiri'tis, Stethorrheu'ma, Rhen- 
 matis'mus pec'toris, Pleuri'tis rheumat'ica seu 
 museula'ria seu notha seu spu'ria seu spn'ria 
 simuln'ta, Pneumo'nia exter'na, Lagonop'onos, 
 Thoraeod'yne, Dolor Pec'toris exter'mts, Pain in 
 the side, Stitch in the side, False, rhenmnt'ic or 
 rheumatis'nial pleurisy, (Old Eng.) Shott, (Sc.) 
 Caik, (F.) Point de cote, Douleur de c6te, Pleu- 
 
 re»ie fnnsse ; from v^vspa, 'the side or pleura,' 
 and oivtn), 'pain.' A spasmodic or rheumatic 
 affection, generally seated in the muscles of the 
 chest, and, ordinarily, in the intercostals. It is 
 usually augmented by outward pressure, inspira- 
 tion, coughing, exertion, moving the thorax, and 
 sometimes even the corresponding arm. It is 
 unaccompanied by fever, cough, or dyspnoea, ex- 
 cepting under the form of a sii'JcA, when dyspnoea 
 exists. It is, generally, by no means obstinate, 
 and yields promptly to warm applications and to 
 cupping or leeches. If it still resists, a blister 
 will, almost always, remove it. 
 
 Pleurodynia Ventosa, Pleuritis ventosa. 
 
 PLEUROMA, Costa, Pleura. 
 
 PLEUROPATHI'A, from T!\svpa, 'the pleura,' 
 and Tza&ai, 'a disease.' A disease of the pleura. 
 
 PLEUROPERI PNEU'MONY, Pleuroperi- 
 pnevmo'nia, Plenropnemno'nia, Pnetimonopleure'- 
 sis, Pneximonoplenri'tis,Pleuri'tis pidmo'nis, Pneu- 
 mo'nia pleuritis. Inflammation occupying the 
 pleura and the lung at the same time. Pleurisy 
 and peripneumony existing simultaneously. Phy- 
 sical signs. A dull sound is yielded by percus- 
 sion for a variable extent over the more depen- 
 dent portions of the affected side. The loss of 
 sound is partially modified by change of position. 
 The respiratory murmur on auscultation is very 
 feeble or absent inferiorly ; higher up, the crepi- 
 tation or bronchial respiration of pneumonia may 
 be detected ; round the root of the lung, and near 
 the inferior angle of the scapula, egophony is 
 generally present. There is seldom much en- 
 largement of the affected side, or displacement 
 of the adjacent organs, as in the case of simple 
 chronic pleurisy. 
 
 PLEUROPNEUMA, Pneumathorax. 
 
 PLEUROPNEUMONIA, Pleuroperipneu- 
 mony. 
 
 PLEUROPNEUMONITIS, Pleuroperipneu- 
 mony. 
 
 PLEUROPYESIS. Empyema. 
 
 PLEURORRHAGIA, Hsematothorax. 
 
 PLEURORRHCE'A, from ^'Xcvpa, 'the side,' 
 and pcu), ' I flow.' Accumulation of fluid in the 
 pleura. 
 
 PLEUKORRHCEACHYLOSAjChylothoras — p.Lyra- 
 phatica, Hydrothorax — p. Purulenta, Empyema 
 — p. Sanguinea, Hsematothorax — p. Serosa, Hy- 
 drothorax. 
 
 PLEURORTHOPNOE'A, from vXevfta, 'the 
 side,' opSoi, 'erect,' and irvcu), 'I respire.' Pain 
 of the side, which does not permit the patient to 
 breathe, except when in the vertical position. 
 
 PLEUROSO'MUS, from irXevpa, 'side.' and 
 (Tiopa, 'body.' A malformation in which the fis- 
 sure is somewhat lateral, with eventration ex- 
 tending chiefly upon the upper part of the abdo- 
 men and upon the chest; the upper extremity 
 of the fissured side being more or less atrophied. 
 — Vogel. 
 
 PLEUROSTO'SIS, from TrArapa, 'the pleura,' 
 and ooTiov, 'a bone.' Ossification of the pleura, 
 or in the cavity of the pleura. Osteopleu'rin. 
 
 PLEUROTETANUS. Pleurothotonos. 
 
 PLEUROTHOT'ONOS, Plenrot'onos. Pleuro- 
 tef'aniis. Tetanus latera'lis, from v'SevpoS-ev, 'late- 
 rally,' and rovoi, 'tension.' A variety of tetanus, 
 in which the Vjody is curved laterally by the 
 stronger contraction of the muscles of one side 
 of the body. 
 
 PLEUROTONOS, Pleurothotonos. 
 
 PLEURUM, Costa, Pleura. 
 
 PLEVRE, Pleura. 
 
 PLEXIM'ETER, Plexom'eter, Plegom'efer, 
 
PLEXOMETEB 
 
 27 
 
 PLORATUS 
 
 Plesaim'eter, AHticoposcnp'inm, Anticnp'oscope, 
 (P.) Plessimetre, from ir^ijaau), ' I strike,' and 
 fitrpov, 'measure,' 'a measure of percussion.' An 
 ivory plate of a circular or ovoid shape, from an 
 inch and a half to two inches in diameter, and 
 about one-sixth of an inch in thicliness. It has 
 either a raised rim or edge, or projecting handles 
 on its upper side, to permit its being held between 
 the finger and thumb of the left hand, whilst it 
 is struck With the right. It is used in percussion 
 of the chest. A piece of metal, a coin, or the 
 finger of the left hand may be used with equal 
 advantage. — See Percussion, mediate. 
 
 PLEXOMETER, Pleximeter. 
 
 PLEXOR, from n'Stjaaio, ' I strike.' Pleseer. 
 Any instrument employed in percussion. The 
 ends of the fingers of the right hand brought to- 
 gether are the best plexor ; as the finger of the 
 left is, perhaps, the best pleximeter. 
 
 PLEXUS, Plegma, Plec'tnne, Plane, Pete, from 
 n\FK(a, pleeto, '1 interlace,' ' I entwine.' (P.) Lncis. 
 A network of blood-vessels or of nerves. The 
 nervous plexuses, Implicatio'nes reticula'rea seu 
 Textus nervorum belong — some to the system of 
 encephalic nerves — others to that of the great sym- 
 pathetic; whilst some, as the pharyngeal, seem 
 to be formed of the two sets. The plexuses re- 
 present complex networks, with more or less 
 loose meshes, formed by the numerous and diver- 
 sified anastomoses of the nervous filaments ; from 
 which proceed other branches, that are distri- 
 buted to organs, or to other plexuses. 
 
 Plexus, Cardiac, Cardiac plexus — p. Carotid, 
 see Carotid nerve — p. Cavernosus, Bulbus vesti- 
 buli — p. Choroides, see Choroid — p. Choroideus 
 Medius, Choroidea tela — p. Ciliaris, Ciliary liga- 
 ment — p. Cceliaque, Coeliac plexus — p. Coronarius 
 ventriculi, Gastric plexus — p. Coronary, see Car- 
 diac plexus, and Coronary plexus — p. GanglU 
 formis semilunaris, Coeliac plexus — p. Ganglio- 
 formes, Ganglions, nervous — p. Glandiformes, 
 Ganglions, nervous — p. Glandulosi Peyeri, Peyeri 
 glandulae — p. Hederaceus, Corpus pampiniforme 
 — p. Hepaticus, Hepatic plexus — p. Infra- thy- 
 roideal, see Thyroideal veins — p. Lomho-ahdomi- 
 nal, Lumbar plexus — p. Median, Coeliac plexus — 
 p. Mesenterii proprius et maximus, Coeliac plexus 
 — p. Nervorum anserinus. Facial nerve — p. Opis- 
 togastrique, Coeliac plexus — p. Pampiniformis, 
 Corpus pampiniforme — p. Pharyngeal, see Pha- 
 ryngeal nerve — p. Pneumogastricus, see Pneu- 
 mogastrie nerve — p. Retiformis, Corpus caver- 
 nosum vaginae — p. Reticularis, Bulbus vestibuli, 
 Choroides plexus — p. Solar, Coeliac plexus — p. 
 Sous-mesenterique, Hypogastric plexus — p. Testi- 
 cidnire, Spermatic plexus — p. Trachelo-sous-cu- 
 tane. Cervical plexus — p. Vasculosus funiculi 
 spermatid pampiniformis, Corpus pampiniforme. 
 
 PLICA, from plieo, Tr\tKii>, ' to fold,' Trieho'sis 
 plica, Tricho'ma, Trichono'sis plica, Tricm, T. 
 Inctibo'rum seu Scrofo'rum, Plica Poloniea seu 
 Polon'iea Juda'ica seu Cachee'tica seu Saxon'ica 
 seu caput Medu'scB seu longicau'da latera'lis, 
 Affec'tio Sarmat'ica, Lues Sarmat'ica seu Polon'- 
 iea seu Trichomat'ica, Helo'sis, Helo'tis, Gir'ra- 
 gra, Cir'rhagra, C. Polono'rum, Eephy' ma trich- 
 o'ma, Morbus Cirrho' rum, Coma Cassn'rea, Kolto, 
 Rhopalo'sis, Plioa'tio, Plicatu'ra, Matted hair, 
 Plaited hair, Trichom'atose hair, (F.) Plique, P. 
 Polonaise. A disease endemic in Poland, Lithu- 
 ania, and other parts of Northern Europe; so 
 called on account of its being characterized by 
 interlacing, twisting, and agglutination or matting 
 of the hair. By some it has been regarded as a 
 real disease ; by others, as the want of attention 
 to cleanliness. However this may be, it gene- 
 rally appears upon the hair of the head, but some- 
 times in that of other parts, as the beard, the 
 
 hair on the axilla, pubes, &c. Alibert admit!' 
 three species of plica. 1. Plica multiform' is or 
 Plica, caput Medu'scp, in which the hairs are 
 mixed and agglutinated in greater or less masses ; 
 and this has been again subdivided into two va- 
 rieties, according as the meshes are almost 
 straight (P. C. 31. lachu'a'ta, (F.) Plique en la- 
 nieres) or much twisted, (F.) P. en vrilles.) 2. 
 Plica longicau'da, (F.) Plique solitaire ou d 
 queue ; when the hair is united into a single long 
 mass, and 3. Plica cespifo'sa, (F.) Plique en masne, 
 in which the hairs are matted into one large, 
 shapeless mass. Pinel places this disease amongst 
 the Cutaneous phlegmasia ; but it is far from de- 
 monstrated, that it is the result of inflammation 
 of the skin. Certain it is, however, that the 
 tangling of the hair is symptomatic of an affec- 
 tion — sui generis — of the dermoid system. The 
 idea that it is entirely owing to want of cleanliness, 
 as has been conceived by some, is not tenable. 
 It has been supposed to be produced by a fungous 
 growth — a mycoderma or trichomajjhyte. 
 
 Plica, Plectane — p. Cacheetica, Plica — p. 
 Caput Medusae, Plica — p. Centralis retinae, see 
 Optic nerve — p. Longicauda lateralis, Plica — p. 
 Lunata, Valvula semilunaris — p. Poloniea, Plica 
 
 — p. Poloniea Judaioa, Plica — p. Saxonica, Plica 
 
 — p. Semilunaris, Valvula semilunaris. 
 
 Plic^ Conniventes, Valvule conniventcs — p. 
 Semilunares, see Urinary bladder, and Uterus. 
 
 PLICATIO, Plica. 
 
 PLICATURA, Plica. 
 
 PLICATUR^ CEREBRI, Gyri cerebri. 
 
 PLICHOS, Perinreum. 
 
 PLIN'THIUM, nXtvSiov. A machine invented 
 by one Nileus, which was formerly employed in 
 the reduction of fractures and luxations. Scul- 
 tetus describes it in his Armamentarium Chirur. 
 gicum. 
 
 PLIQUE, Plica— p. Polonaise, Plica. 
 
 PLOCARIA CANDIDA, Fucus amylaceus — 
 p. Helminthoehorton, Corallina Corsicnna. 
 
 PLOMR, Plumbum. 
 
 PLOMB (F.). The sulphuretted gas disen- 
 gaged from privies, which proves fatal at times 
 to the nightmen, (F.) Vidangeurs, engaged in 
 emptying them. 
 
 PLOMB, ACETATE ACTDE DE, Plumbi 
 superacctas — p. Blanc, Plumbi subcarbonas — p. 
 Blanc de, Plumbi subcarbonas — p. Carbonate de, 
 Plumbi subcarbonas — p. Chlorure de, Plumbi 
 chloridum — p. lodnre de, Plumbi iodidum : — p. 
 Nitrate de, Plumbi nitras — p. Oxide de,/ondu, 
 Plumbi oxydum semivitreum — p. Oxide rouge de, 
 Plumbi oxydum rubrura • — p. Oxide semi-vilreux 
 de, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum. 
 
 PLOMB AGE I)ES DENTS, Plugging. 
 
 PL03IBAGTNE, Graphites. 
 
 PLOMBiMeS, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Pontes medica'ti Plumba'rii, Thermcc Phnnhnrlcn. 
 Plombieres is a town in the department of the 
 Vosges, 17 leagues from Nancy, and two from 
 Remiremont. Here are several sources of ther- 
 mal water. That which is called Supowiceous 
 (F.) Savonneuse, is formed of the subcarbonate 
 and sulphate of soda, chloride of sodium, silica, 
 carbonate of lime, and much vegeto-animal m;it- 
 ter. This last component, when held in solution 
 by means of the subcarbonate of soda, gives to 
 the water an unctuous character. This is the 
 origin of its name. The waters of PlombiSres 
 are employed as solvents in engorgements of the 
 abdominal viscera, and as alteratives in chronic 
 diseases of the skin. 
 
 PLORATIO, Lacrymatio. 
 
 PLORATUS, Lacrymatio. 
 
PLOTUS 
 
 728 
 
 PLUMBUM 
 
 PLOTUS, Leiopus. 
 
 PLOUK, Papula. 
 
 PLUGGING, (Sw.) Phirjg, (P.) Tamponnement. 
 The act of stopping a hole. The introduction of 
 a plug or dossil of lint or rag into a wound or 
 natural cavity^as the uterus or vagina — to arrest 
 hemorrhage; or of some substance into a carious 
 tooth to prevent toothache, (F.) Plomhage dea 
 deitts. See Filling. 
 
 PLUKE, Papula. 
 
 PLUM, Prunum, Prunus domestiea — p. Assy- 
 rian, Sebestina. 
 
 PLUMA, Lanugo. 
 
 PLUMACEAU, Pledget. 
 
 PLUMACEOLUS, Pad, Pledget. 
 
 PLUMASSEAU, Pledget. 
 
 PLUMBAGO, Graphites, Persicaria. 
 
 Plumba'go Europ.e'a, P. lapathifo'Ua seu %m- 
 dnla'ta, from pliimbnm, ' lead,' because covered 
 with lead-coloured spots, Denta'rta, Crepanel'la, 
 Squama'ria, Dentela'ria, Leadwort, (F.) Dente- 
 laire, Herhe au Cancer, Ifalherbe. Ord. Plumba- 
 ginaceaj. Sex. Si/st. Pentandria Monogynia. 
 The root was formerly much esteemed as a cure 
 for toothache, like the Pel'litory of Spain, which 
 is also called Dentaria. 
 
 PLUMBI ACETAS, P. superacetas— p. Acetas 
 dilutum alcoholieum. Liquor plumbi subacetatis 
 dilutus — p. Acidulus siccus, Plumbi superacetas 
 
 — p. Carbonas, P. subcarbonas. 
 
 Plumbi Chlo'ridum, Chloride of Lead, (P.) 
 Chlorure de Plomb. This salt of lead has been 
 used in the form of lotion and ointment in can- 
 cerous ulcerations. 
 
 Plumbi Dkutoxydum Kubrum, P. Oxydum 
 '- rubrum — p. Hydriodas, P. lodidum — p. lodhy- 
 dras, P. lodidum. 
 
 Plumbi Iod'idum, P. lodure'tum seu Hydri'- 
 odas seu Hijdroi'odas seu lodhy' draa, Plumbum 
 inda'tum seu Hijdro'iod'icum, I'odide or lod'uret 
 of Lead, (F.) lodure de Plomb, I. plombiqne. 
 This salt is formed by the double decomposition 
 of iodide of potassium and nitrate of lead. It is 
 used in scrofulous aflfections internally and ex- 
 ternally; and is officinal in the Pharmacopceia 
 U. S. 1851. Dose, gr. ss to gr. iij or iv. 
 
 Plumbi Ioduretum, P. lodidum. 
 
 Plumbi Nitras, Plumbum ni'tricum, Nitras 
 plumb'icua, Nitrum saturni' num. Nitrate of lead, 
 (F.) Nitrate ou Azotate de Plomb. A salt formed 
 by tlie action of diluted nitric acid on litharge. 
 Nitrate of lead has the same medical action as 
 the other soluble salts of lead, and is a valuable 
 antibromic. It has been used, also, as an exci- 
 tant antiseptic to wounds, ulcers, &c., and is the 
 basis of Ledoyen's disinfecting liquid. 
 ^ Plumbi Nitrosac'charas, Nitrosac' charate of 
 
 lead. (Sacchar. p. j ; Acid, nit'-ic. p. ij ; Aqum 
 p. X.) Beat together in a porcelain dish as long 
 as chemical action continues: dilute the liquor 
 with water, neutralize with chalk, and to the fil- 
 tered solution add acetate of lead so long as a 
 precipitate is formed. Collect, wash, and dry 
 the precipitate, which is saccharate of lead. Dis- 
 solve in dilute nitric acid, (one part acid to 
 nineteen of water,) filter and evaporate to form 
 crystals, which are transparent, of an amber 
 colour, and in regular hexagonal plates or 
 prisms. 
 
 Advised as a solvent of phosphatic calculi. 
 
 Plumbi Oxydum Album, Plumbi subcarbonas 
 
 — p. Oxydum carbonatum per aoidum acetosura, 
 Plumbi subcarbonas — p. Oxydum fusum, PI. 
 oxydum semivitreura. 
 
 Plumbi Oxydum RubruiM, Hin'ium, Miltua, 
 
 Deutox'ydnmphnnbi rubrum, Suporox'ydum. PJmm- 
 ho'sum. Plumbum oxyda'tum rubrum seu super'- 
 oxydatum, Saudix, Sandyx, Red lead, (F.) Oxide 
 de plomb rouge. It is sometimes used to kill 
 vermin. 
 
 Plumbi Ox'ydum Semivit'reum, Phtmbum 
 oxyda'tum,, Lithar'gyrus, Lithargyrum, Lithar.- 
 gyr'ium, Oxydum plumbi fusum, Spuma argent'i, 
 Semi-vit'rified oxyd of lead or litharge, Calciteo'- 
 sa, Cath'mia, (F.) Oxide de plomb fondu, Oxide 
 de plomb semivitreux, (a yellow protoxyd of lead, 
 prepared by beat, combined witli carbonic acid.) 
 It occurs in scales of a whitish-red colour, and 
 semi-vitrified. It is employed for pharmaceutical 
 purposes, as in the Liquor plumbi acetatis, Em- 
 plastrum plumbi, &c. Formerly, the Litharge of 
 gold, Chrysi'tia, Maa'sicot, and Litharge of silver, 
 Almariab, were distinguished in commerce. 
 These were merely ordinary litharge, resembling 
 gold or silver in colour. 
 
 Plumbi Subcar'bonas, Car'honas plumbi seU 
 plumbicua, Plumbi Carbonas (Ph. U. S.), Plum- 
 bum carbonicum, PI. oxyda'tum carbon' icum Ma- 
 gi ate' rium plumbi, Oxydum plumbi album, Ceruasut 
 jEru' go phimbi, Paimmyth'ion, Psym'mython, Sim- 
 mitium. Flake white, Blanca, Geraa, If 'fides, Sub- 
 car'bonate of lead, Cerusse, White lead, (F.) Car- 
 bonate de plomb, Blanc de plomb, Plomb blanc, 
 Ceruse, Blanc d' Argent, Blanc de Ceruse, Blanc 
 de Krema, B. de Crema, B. de Kremnitz, Craie de 
 plomb, (prepared by exposing spiral rolls of lead 
 to the fumes of vinegar, in vessels placed in dung.) 
 It is inodorous; has a sweet taste; is brittle; 
 friable ; snow white, and of a minute, scaly tex- 
 ture. It is astringent and sedative, and is 
 sprinkled on parts affected with local inflamma- 
 tion, or to prevent chafing in children. It is 
 also used in the formation of ointments and 
 plasters. 
 
 Plumbi Superace'tas, Cerus'sa aceta'ta, Plumbi 
 acid'ulua siccus, P. ace'tas (Ph. U. S.), Sal seu 
 sac'charum Satiir'tii, Plumbum ace'ticnm, Bulce'do 
 Satur'ni, Acetas plum'bicum crystalliaa'tum, Sal 
 plumbi, Sugar of lead, Superac" etate of lead, 
 Protoac"etate of lead, (F.) Acetate acide de 
 plomb, Sel ou aucre de Saturne. (Plumb, carb. 
 Ibj, Acid acetic, cong. 1^. Boil the lead with 
 the acid till it is saturated ; then strain through 
 paper, and evaporate to a pellicle, that crystals 
 may be formed. Wash the crystals and dry on 
 blotting-paper. Ph. L.) The acetate of lead has 
 a sweet, styptic taste ; a very white colour, and 
 silky lustre. It is astringent; and, in weak solu- 
 tion, cooling and sedative; in strong, stimulant. 
 It is given internally, in visceral and other he- 
 morrhages, combined with opium, and is used 
 externally, in solution, in inflammation, burns, 
 bruises, gonorrhcea, &c. Dose, gr. ss to iss. 
 
 Plumbi Tannas, see Tannin. 
 
 PLUxMBICUM ACETAS CRYSTALLISA- 
 TUM, Plumbi superacetas. 
 
 PLUMBOSUM SUPEROXYDUM, Plumbi 
 oxydum rubrum. 
 
 PLUMBUM, Molyb'doa, Molibdua, Saturn'ua, 
 Capricor'nus, (F.) Plomb. Lead. A solid metal 
 of a bluish white colour; more malleable than 
 ductile: soft enough to be scratched by the nail; 
 very fusible and oxydizable, when heated in the 
 air, and existing, in nature, under a number 
 of different shapes; the principal of which are 
 those of sulphuret and oxyd. S. g. 11.352. 
 
 Its use is to form oxides and salts. In its me- 
 tallic state, it has no action upon the body; but 
 when oxydized or united with an acid, it acts, in 
 large doses, as a powerfully astringent poison. 
 
 Plumbum Aceticum, Plumbi superacetas — p. 
 Album, Tin — p. Candidum, Tin — p. Carbonicum, 
 
PLUMIERA ALBA 
 
 729 
 
 PNEUMOGASTRIC 
 
 Plumbi subcarbonas — p. Cinereum, Bismuth, 
 subnitrate of — p. Hydroiodicum, Plumbi lodt- 
 dum — p. lodatum, Plumbi lodidum — p. Nigrum, 
 Graphites — p. Nitrioum, Plumbi nitras — p. O.xy- 
 datum, Plumbi oxydum semivitreuin — p. Oxyda- 
 tum carbonicum, Plumbi subcarbonas — p. Oxy- 
 datum rubrum, Plumbi oxydum rubrum — p. Su- 
 peroxj'datura, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum. 
 
 PLUMIE'RA ALBA ; Order, Apocynacese ; a 
 native of tropical America, has a milky juice 
 which is cathartic. 
 
 Plumiera Dras'tica, is given in Brazil in 
 jaundice, and chronic obstructions, [?] mixed 
 with milk of almonds. 
 
 Plujiiera Phaged^'nica, is in repute in Bra- 
 zil as an anthelmintic. 
 
 PLUMS, SEEDED, see Diospyros Virginiana 
 — p. Winter, see Diospyros Virginiana — p. Yel- 
 low, see Diospyros Virginiana. 
 
 PLUNGE BATH, see Bath. 
 
 PLUNGING SIPHON, see Siphon. 
 
 PLUNKETT'S CAUSTIC FOR CANCERS, 
 Plunkett's Ointment. 
 
 Plunkett's Ointment, Plunkett's Caustic for 
 Cancers. This empirical cancer remedy consists 
 of Arsenious acid, Suljihur, and the powdered 
 flowers of the Ranunculus Jlammtda and Cotnla 
 foetida : — levigated and made into a paste with 
 the white of egg, and applied, on a piece of pig's 
 bladder, to the surface of the cancer. 
 
 PLURAL BIRTH, see Multiparous. 
 
 PLU'TEA. Avicenna gives this name to du- 
 plicatures of the dura mater, such as the Falx 
 cerebri. 
 
 PLUTONIUM, Barium. 
 
 PNEOBIOMANTIA, Docimasia pulmonum. 
 
 PNEOBIOMANTICA, Docimasia pulmonum. 
 
 PNEUMA, Air, Life. See Pneumatic Physi- 
 cians. 
 
 Vl^'E,\}MkVQ^TW^k,PneHmonaposte'ma,Ah- 
 scessus 2ndino'niim ; from Tinivfioiv, 'the lung;' and 
 airocTTtjfia, 'abscess.' Abscess of the lung. 
 
 PNEUMARTHRO'SIS, from wcvpia, ' air,' and 
 apS-iiov, 'articulation.' Secretion of air into an 
 articular cavity. Seen at times after acute rheu- 
 matism, but soon disappearing [?]. 
 
 PNEUMATELECTASIS, Atelectasis pulmo- 
 num. 
 
 PNEUMATH^'MIA, Pneumatoi'mia, from 
 TTVixtjia, TTvivjiaTog, ' air,' and 'ai/xa, ' blood.' A 
 morbid condition in which air is developed in the 
 bloodvessels. — Cless. 
 
 PNEUxMATHORAX, Pneumothorax. 
 
 PNEUMAT'IC, Pneumat'icus, Pneumat'ieaU 
 (F.) Pneumatique, from wvev/ia, Trvevfiaros, 'life, 
 air.' Relating to pneuma, air or health. 
 
 Pneumat'io Physicians, Pneumat'ici. Name 
 given to a sect of physicians, at the head of whom 
 was Athenffius, who made health and disease to 
 consist in the different proportions of an element 
 — which they called Pneuma, Trvev/ia — to those of 
 the other elementary principles. This Trvtu/za was 
 a fancied spiritual principle, which the Stoics re- 
 garded as an element, different from water, air, 
 earth and fire; — the sole elementary principles 
 previously admitted. 
 
 PNEUMAT'IC A, from -rrvevna, wsviiaroi;, 'air.' 
 Appertaining to the breathing. Diseases of the 
 respiratorj' function ; — the second class in Good's 
 system of nosology. Agents that act on the re- 
 spiratory organs. — Pereira. 
 
 PNEUMATICAL, Pneumatic. 
 
 PNEUMATOCELE, Physocele. 
 
 PNEUMATO'DES, from :rwu//«, 'wind,' and 
 
 £1(5. f, 'resemblance.' One distended with air, or 
 who breathes with difficulty, owing to an accumu- 
 lation of flatus in the digestive tube ; or, accord- 
 ing to others, owing to emphysema. 
 
 PNEUMATOMETER, Spirometer. 
 
 PNEUMATOMPHALOCELE, Pneumatom- 
 phalus. 
 
 PNEUMATOM'PHALUS, Pneumaiom ' . 
 ce'le, from -irvcviia, Trici/K/roj, 'air,' and ufi^aXos, 
 'the umbilicus.' Umbilical intestinal hernia, 
 containing a considerable quantity of flatus. 
 
 PNEUMATOR'RHACHIS, from T-^ri.f,,,, Trw- 
 iiaros, 'air,' and V^X'?' 't^^^ spine.' Accumula- 
 tion of air in the vertebral canal. 
 
 PNEUMATOSE, Pneumatosis— /j. Ptritoneule, 
 Tympanites. 
 
 PNEUMATO'SIS, Aero'sis, from -rtviia, nvev- 
 fiaroi, 'air.' Flatus, (F.) Jfaladie venteuse, Pneu- 
 matose. Flatulence. Flatulent distension of the 
 stomach or bowels, or both. Snuvages uses the 
 word synonymously with emphysema. It is now 
 generally employed for every abnormous collec- 
 tion of gaseous matters in any part of the body. 
 
 Pneumatosis, Emphysema — p. Abdominis, 
 Tympanites — p. Enterica, Colica flatulenta — p. 
 Pericardii, Pneumo-perieardium — p. Pulmonum, 
 Emphysema of the lungs — p. Ventriculi, et 
 Pneumatosis enterica. Flatulence. 
 
 PNEUMATOTHORAX, Pneumothorax. 
 
 PNEUMECTASIS, Emphysema of the Lungs. 
 
 PNEUMOCACE_, Necropneumonin. 
 
 PNEUMOCE'LE, Hernia pnhno'nis, (F.) Her- 
 nie du poiimon. Hernia of the lung through one 
 of the intercostal spaces. 
 
 PNEUMOCHOLOSIS, Pneumonia (bilious). 
 
 PNEUMOCHYSIS, (Edema of the lungs. 
 
 PNEmWECTASIE, Emphysema of the 
 lungs. 
 
 PNEUMOGAS'TRIC, Pneumocjns'tricus, (F.) 
 Pneumogastrique, from zvev/xiov, 'the lung,' and 
 yaaTrjp. 'the stomach.' Belonging to the lungs 
 and stomach. 
 
 Pneumogastrtc Nerves, EiyJith pair nf nerves 
 (Tenth pair, of some,) Par var/um, Pais vaga, 
 Nervus vagus sen ambidato'rius sou pneuynogas'- 
 tricus seu dec"imvs seu syrnpath'icns me' dins, Mid- 
 dle sympathetic, (F.) Nerfs pneumognstriques ou 
 vagues; so called because it is distributed espe- 
 cially to the organs contained in the chest and ab- 
 domen. This nerve arises from behind the emi- 
 nentise olivaria; and near the corpora restiformia 
 by one or two rows of filaments, regularly arranged. 
 These filaments unite to form a flat cord, which 
 issues from the cranium by the foramen lacerum 
 posterius ; behind the glosso-pharyng-eal nerve. 
 At its exit from the cranium, the pneumogastric 
 nerve has the appearance of a very compact 
 plexus — Plexus gangliform'is, Ganglion of. the 
 superior laryngeal branch, of Sir Astley Cooper. 
 It then descends along the neck, deeply seated 
 on the outside of the carotid artery and the inter- 
 nal jugular vein. When it has attained the lower 
 part of the neck, it enters the chest, gliding be- 
 hind the subclavian vein, and passing on the 
 right side, in front of the subclavian artery, and 
 on the left, before the arch of the aorta. It pro- 
 ceeds, at first, backwards, increasing in size. 
 Afterwards, it passes from behind the bronchia 
 to the oesophagus, which it accompanies through 
 the diaphragm, and terminates on the stomaeli. 
 In the neck, the pneumogastrrc nerve anasto- 
 moses with the spinal, glosso-pharyngeal, great 
 hypo-glossal, and great sympathetic nerves; and 
 furnishes, 1, a pharyngeal branch, 2, a superior 
 laryngeal, 3, cardiac branches. In the chest, it 
 
PNEUxMOGRAPHY 
 
 
 
 PNEUMONOCELE 
 
 gives off, 1, the inferior laryngeal, or recurrent, 
 2, the 'pulmonary plexus, and, 3, the cesopjhageal 
 branches. On entering the abdomen, the oeso- 
 phageal branches, which terminate the pneumo- 
 gastric, are distributed upon the stomach, and 
 give numerous filaments to that viscus, to the 
 hepatic, coeliae, gastro-epiploic, and solar plex- 
 uses. Some go, also, to the pancreas, liver, gall- 
 bladder, duodenum, &C. 
 
 PNEUMOGr'RAPHT, Pneimogra'pMa, from 
 >rv£u/2u)i', 'the lung,' and ypa^ri, 'a description.' 
 The part of anatomy that describes the lungs. 
 
 PXEUMOLITHI'ASIS, from ttveviiuiv, 'lung,' 
 and \t&iaais, ' formation of stone.' A morbid state 
 in which calculi form in the lungs. 
 
 PNEUMOL'OGY, Pneumolog"ia, from nvevubiv, 
 ' the lung,' and Xoyo;, ' a discourse.' An anato- 
 mical treatise on the lungs. An anatomical de- 
 scription of the lungs. 
 
 PNEUMOMETER, Spirometer. 
 PNBDMOM'ETRY, Pneumomet'ria, from Tri^eu- 
 fihsv, ' the lung,' and itcrgov, ' measure.' Measure- 
 ment of the capacity of the lungs for air. See 
 Spirometer. 
 
 PNEUMON, Pulmo. 
 PNEUMONALGIA, Angina pectoris. 
 PNEUMONATELECTASIS, Atelectasis pul- 
 monum. 
 PNEUMONECROSTE,'RQQro-^n&nmov.\!}.. 
 PNEUMONECTASIS, Emphysema pulmo- 
 oum. 
 
 PNEUMONEMPHRAX'IS.from Kvevjxwv, 'the 
 lung,' and cn^pifi?, ' obstruction.' Congestion 
 and infarction of the lungs. 
 
 PXEUMO'NIA, Peripneumo'nia, Emprea'ma 
 pneumoni'tis, Pleumo'nia, Peripneumo' itia, Pueu- 
 moni'tis, Pulmo'nia, Pulmona'ria, lujiamnia' tio 
 pneumon'ica, I. pec'toris acu'ta seu pnlmo'num, 
 Pneumos'tasis, Fehris pneumon'ica, Pnen'mony, 
 Peripneu'mony, Inflammation of the Lnngs, Lung- 
 fever (vulgarly), [Y.) Inflammation des ponntnns, 
 Pi^vre pneumonique ou peripneumonique, Fluxion 
 de poitrine. Inflammation du pnrenchyme pvlnio- 
 naire. From Trvevftuiv, 'the lung.' The chief 
 symptoms of pneumonia are : — pyrexia, accom- 
 panied by pain, sometimes obtuse, at others pun- 
 gent, — in some part of the thorax ; pulse more or 
 less quick and hard, according to the violence 
 and extent of the local disorder; pain, aggrava- 
 ted by the cough, which, with dyspnoea, exists 
 throughout the disease. At first, the expectora- 
 tion is difficult and painful; but, in the course of 
 a few days, it becomes free, and the oppression 
 of breathing is mitigated. When the inflamma- 
 tion, instead of going off by resolution, passes on 
 to suppuration, rigors are experienced; the re- 
 spiration becomes more oppressed, but less pain- 
 ful, and a sense of weight is felt in one of the 
 pleuras. Pneumonia may, also, terminate by 
 gangrene — but this rarely happens, — by indura- 
 tion and by hepatization. 
 
 Physical Signs. FiRST Stage, (F.) Engoue- 
 ment. Diminution of the sound is generally ob- 
 served over the affected part on percussion; aus- 
 cultation exhibits an equal, dry, crepitating rale, 
 ■which is best heard at the close of a deep inspi- 
 ration, and on coughing. The respiratory mur- 
 mur is intermingled with the crepitant rale, or it 
 may be absent. In the neighbourhood of the 
 affected part.^ it is natural or puerile. The voice 
 and cough are rather more resonant than usual. 
 Second Stage, (F.) Hepatisation rouge. AVhen 
 hepatization has occurred, the motion of the af- 
 fected side is impeded, and immediately above 
 the sternum and in the corresponding triangular 
 space on either side, there is often an evident 
 depression. Percussion is dull over the affected 
 
 part in every position of the patient. On auscul- 
 tation, the crepitation is found to be replaced by 
 bronchial respiration. The respiratory murmur 
 is louder in the other portions of the lung, the 
 voice and cough are more resonant, and the 
 heart's action is more distinct. Third Stage, 
 (F.) Hepatisation grise. When suppuraticin su- 
 pervenes, the same signs persist; but usually the 
 voice and cough are less resonant, and a coarse, 
 mucous rale is heard. When gangrenous or sup- 
 purative cavities are formed, they present the 
 ordinary signs. 
 
 The prognosis must be guarded. It is not a 
 disease which we can always subdue. Great ex- 
 tent of inflammation ; very considerable oppres- 
 sion ; orthopnoea, and difficult expectoration are 
 unfavourable symptoms. The most active treat- 
 ment is of course necessary. General bleeding 
 forms the sheet anchor, — employed so as to make 
 a decided impression on the system, and repeated, 
 if necessary; local blood-letting; nauseating 
 doses of antimonials ; purgatives; and when the 
 violence of the inflammation has been got under, 
 
 — counter-irritants, &c. Chronic pneumonia 
 sometimes succeeds the acute, and, at others, 
 occurs accidentally. It must be managed on 
 general principles. Small bleedings, especially 
 local]}'; and counter-irritants of all kinds are 
 indicated. 
 
 Pseumoxia Biliosa, P. bilious. 
 
 Pneumonia, Bil'ious, P. hilio'sa, Pneumocho- 
 lo'sis. Inflammation of the lungs, accompanied 
 by gastric fever, and not uncommonly by typhoid 
 symptoms; — Pneumotyphus, Pneumo'nia tyjihoV- 
 des seu typho'des seu typjho'sa, Putrid, typhoid, 
 adynamic, or eryiijjel'atous pneumo'nia. 
 
 Pneumonia, Erysipelatous, P. bilious — p. 
 Gangrtenosa, Neoropneumonia — p. Hypostatica, 
 Pneumonypostasis — p. Intermittens, Pneumoty- 
 posis — p. Lobular, see Lobular — p. Notha, Peri- 
 pneumonia notha — p. Pleuritis, Pleuropneumonia 
 — p. Putrid, P. bilious — p. Typhodes, P. bilious 
 
 — p. Typhoid, P. bilious — p. Tj'phosa, P. bilious, 
 Neoropneumonia — p. Vesicular, Bronchitis, vesi- 
 cular. 
 
 PNEUMONIC, Pulmonic. 
 
 PNEUMON'ICA. From rviv^iov, 'the lung.' 
 Diseases affecting the lungs, their membranes or 
 motive power ; characterized by irregular, im- 
 peded, or painful respiration. The second order 
 of the class Pneumatica of Good. 
 
 PNEUMONIC'ULA, diminutive of pneumonia. 
 A slight inflammation of the lung. 
 
 PNEUMONICUS, Pulmonic. 
 
 PNEVMONIE, Pneumonia — p. Disseminee, 
 see Lobular — p. Lohulaire, see Lobular — p. Ma- 
 melonnes, see Lobular. 
 
 PNEU3I0NIE DES AGONISANTS, Pneu- 
 monic hypostatique. The hj'peraemic engorge- 
 ment, which takes place in the lungs during the 
 last moments of life, has been so termed. It 
 would seem to be hyperemia rather than inflam- 
 mation. 
 
 PNEUMONIT'IC, Pneumonit'icua. Of, or be- 
 longing to pneumonitis, or inflammation of the 
 lungs. 
 
 PNEUMONITIS, Pneumonia. 
 
 PNEUxMONOCARCINO'MA, from Trvev^twp, 
 'the lung,' and KajjKiv^jia, 'cancer.' Cancer of 
 the lungs. 
 
 PNEUMONOCE'LE. from ^viv,iu>v, 'the lung,' 
 and ktjXj;, ' rupture.' Hernia of the lung. 
 
 Pnkumonoce'le Diaphragmat'ica Inter'na. 
 Hernia of the lung through the diaphragm. 
 
 Pneumonocele Exter'na seu Thorac"ica. 
 Hernia through the parietes of the chest. 
 
PNEUMONCEDEMA 
 
 •81 
 
 PODENCEPHALUS 
 
 Pneumonocele Thoracica, Pn. externa. 
 
 PNEUMONCEDEMA, (Edema of the lungs. 
 
 PNEUMONOMELANOSIS, see Melanosis. 
 
 PNEUP/IONOMETER, Spirometer. 
 
 PNEUMONOPHTHISIS, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 PNEUMONOPHTHOE, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 PNEUMONOPLEURESIS, Pleuroperipneu- 
 mony. 
 
 PNEUMONOPLEURITIS, Pleuroperipneu- 
 mony. 
 
 PNEUMONORRHAGIA, Hjemoptysis. 
 
 PNEUMONORRHCEA, Hemoptysis. 
 
 PNEUMONOSCIR'RHUS, from ^vev^Lu)v, ' the 
 lung,' and axippos, ' induration.' Induration of 
 the lungs. 
 
 PNEmiONOSES, Pneumoses. 
 
 PNEUMONY, Pneumonia. 
 
 PNEUMONYPOS'TASIS, Pnetimo'nm Jiypo- 
 stat'ica. Pneumonia in a depending portion of 
 the lung, caused by lying on the back. 
 
 PNH U310PEBICARDE, Pneumo - pericar- 
 dium. 
 
 PNEUMO-PERICARD'IUM, Pnenmo- peri- 
 carditis, Pnevmato'sis pericard'ii, (F.) Pneiimo- 
 pericarcle, from nvcvfia, 'air,' and iTtpiKapSiov, 
 'pericardium.' Laennec designates, under this 
 name, the effusion of air into the cavity of the 
 pericardium. 
 
 PNEUMOPHTHISIS, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 PNEUMOPHYMATA, Tubercles of the lungs. 
 
 PNEUMOPLEURESIS, Pleuroperipneumony. 
 
 PNEUMOPTHOE, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 PNEUMORRHAGIA, Haemoptysis — p. In- 
 terna, Hsematothorax. 
 
 PNEUMOSEPSIS, Neeropneumonia. 
 
 PNEU3I0SES, from irvcvfKov, 'the lung.' A 
 term under which Alibert comprises every mor- 
 bid affection of the lungs. 
 
 PNEUMOTHO'RAX, Pneumatho'rax, Pnev- 
 watotho'rux, Emphyse'ma pcc'toris, Asthma aeri- 
 ttm seu emphysemat'icum, Pyspnce'a pneumat'ica 
 Beu physothorac"ica, Physotho'rax, Aerothn'rax, 
 Aeropleiirie (Piorry), from TTvuv/ia, 'air,' and 
 ^(apa^, ' the thorax.' An accumulation of air in 
 the cavity of the pleura. A complaint generally 
 sudden in its invasion and fatal in its character. 
 In many instances, along with the air, a liquid is 
 effused, — Hydropneumothorax. The disease may 
 be spontaneous and simple, but in a large pro- 
 portion of cases it is complicated with pleurisy 
 and pulmonary tubercles. The signs vary ac- 
 cording as there is, or is not, a communication 
 between the pleura and the bronchia. The af- 
 fected side gives a hollow, tympanitic sound, 
 even where the thickness of the parietes of the 
 thorax is great. AVhen the effusion is consider- 
 able, the affected side is dilated, but there is no 
 rale of any kind. When a gaseous and a liquid 
 effusion are present at the same time, the sound 
 on percussion is found to be clear at the superior 
 part of the thorax, but dull inferiorly; hence, by 
 varying the position of the patient, and by con- 
 sequence that of the contained fluids, the seats 
 of the clear and the dull sound will be varied. 
 M''hen the gaseous effusion is owing to a fistulous 
 communication between the pleura and bronchia, 
 the metallic respiration and resonances are heard ; 
 and if there be both gaseous and liquid effusion, 
 with a fistulous communication, in addition to 
 these signs there is the tintement metalliqne. The 
 presence of liquid can always be ascertained by 
 succussion. See Emphrysema of the lungs. 
 
 PNEUMOT'OMY, Pneumotom'ia, from nvtviiinv. 
 
 'the lung,' and t£//v(d, 'I cut.' Dissection of the 
 lungs. 
 
 PNEUMOTYPHUS, Pneumonia, typhoid. 
 
 PNEUMOTYPO'SIS, Pyieumo'nia intermit'- 
 tens, from Trve-vfitap, ' the lung,' and tuttoj, ' a 
 stamp, a type.' Pneumonia characterized by 
 periodicity. 
 
 PNEUOBIOMANTIA, Docimasia pulmonum. 
 
 PNEUSIOBIOGNOSIS, Docimasia pulmonum. ' 
 
 PNEUSIOBIOSCOPE, Docimasia pulmonum. 
 
 PNEUSIS, Respiration — p. Pertussis, Pertus- 
 sis — p. Singultus, Singultus — p. Tussis, Tussis. 
 
 PNEUSOMETER, Spirometer. 
 
 PNIGALION, Incubus. 
 
 PNIGMOS, Orthopnoea, Strangulation. 
 
 PNIGOPHOBIA, Angina pectoris, Suffocation. 
 
 PNIX, Orthopnoea, Strangulation. 
 
 PNOE, Aura. 
 
 PN(EUM. A nostrum of Dr. Samuel Hahne- 
 mann, the founder of the ' Homoeopathic System,' 
 which consisted — it is said — of boras only ! 
 
 PNOOCOLYTICUS, Asthmatic. 
 
 POAD-MILK, Colostrum. 
 
 POCHE DES EAUX, see Liquor Amnii, and 
 Parturition. 
 
 POCK, from Teut. pocca, 'poch or little 
 pouch.' A pustule of smallpox. 
 
 PocK-AER, Pock-mark, see Cicatrix — p. Kine, 
 Vaccina. 
 
 POCKFRETTEN, see Pockmark. 
 
 POCKHOLE, Pockmark. 
 
 POCKMARK, Pochliole, (Prov.) Poch-arr, 
 Serobic'nlus seu Cica'trix Vari'ola. The mark 
 or pit or pitting left from a smallpox pustule. 
 One pitted with smallpox is said to he pock/retten 
 or pockfredden. 
 
 POCKY. Infected with, or appertaining to, 
 or resembling, smallpox or syphilis. 
 
 POC'ULUM ABSINTHIA'TUM. This was 
 regarded, in remote ages, as a wholesome beve- 
 rage : the absinthium, or 'wormwood,' being sup- 
 posed to act as an antidote to drunkenness. 
 
 PocuLUM AMATORiujr, Philter — p. Diogenis, 
 Palm — p. Emetieum, Goblet, emetic. 
 
 POD'AGRA, Podarthri'tis, Podorrheu'ma, Po- 
 dal'yia, from ttouj, roios, ' the foot,' and aypa, 
 ' seizure.' Pain which attacks the feet. Gout, 
 situate in the articulations of the foot. It has, 
 also, been used in a more extensive signification 
 synonymously with gout. 
 
 Podagra Aberrans, Gout, (wandering) — p. 
 Arthritis, Gout — p. Retrograda, Gout, (retro- 
 grade.) 
 
 PODAGRARTA. Ligusticum podagraria — p. 
 jSilgopodium, Ligusticum podagraria. 
 
 PODAG'RIC, Podag'rical, Podag'ricvs, Ar- 
 thri't'icus, Arthrit'ic, Goiity, (F.) Govttenx. Re- 
 lating or belonging to gout. Affected with, or 
 liable to gout. 
 
 PODALGIA, Gout, Podagra. 
 
 PODALYRIATINCTORIA,Sophoratinctoria. 
 
 PODANENCEPHALIA, see Podencephalus. 
 
 PODARTHRITIS, Podagra. 
 
 PODARTHROC'ACE, from ttov?, ro^of, 'the 
 foot,' apSpov, 'an articulation,' and KaKos, 'bad.' 
 Caries of the articulation of the foot. 
 
 PODENCEPHALIA, see Podencephalus. 
 
 PODENCEPH'ALUS, Podanenceph' alus, from 
 TTouf, iro(5of, 'the foot,' and Kc<pa\rj, 'the head.' A 
 monster whose brain is placed outside the skull, 
 and seems to be supported on a pedicle, which 
 traverses the summit of the skull. This state of 
 
PODEX 
 
 732 
 
 POISON 
 
 monstrosity is termed Podanencepha'lia, or more 
 properly, Podcncepha'lia. — I. G. St. Hilaire. 
 PODEX, Anus, Nates. 
 
 PODCEDE'MA, from Trouy, rro&oi, 'foot,' and ot- 
 f'riiia, 'a swelling.' ffidema of the foot. 
 
 POBOL'OGY, Podolog"ia, from -novg, iroSog, 
 'the foot,' and \oyog, 'a discourse.' A description 
 of the foot. A treatise on the foot. 
 
 PODOPHYL'LUM PELTA'TUM, PodopTiyV- 
 him, Annpodophyll' um Canadense, Jlfay-apple, 
 Mnndrnhe. Ord. Berberidacese. Sex. Syst. Poly- 
 andria Monogynia; from Trouf, -aoios, 'a foot,' and 
 <pv\\ov, 'a leaf,' in reference to the shape of the 
 leaf. A common plant throughout North America. 
 The fruit is eatable, and esteemed by many. The 
 leaves are said to be poisonous. The root or 
 rhizoma, Podophyllum (Ph. U. S.), is purgative 
 in the dose of 20 grains. It has also been used 
 as an anthelmintic. 
 
 Podophyllum Monta'num, 3Iountahi May-ap- 
 ple, 3Iandrake, Wild Lemon, Duchsfoot, Maceoon 
 Berry, Yellow Berry, Ground Lemon, has the 
 same properties. 
 
 PODORRHEIIMA, Podagra. 
 
 PODOTHE'CA, from irons, iroSog, 'a foot,' and 
 driKrj, 'a rece[itacle, a sheath.' The cuticle of the 
 foot. An anatomical preparation. Chirothe'ca, 
 has been used for the cuticle of the hand. 
 
 POELETTE, Cup, Palette. 
 
 POE'PHAGUS, from -rrorj, or iroa, 'a plant, an 
 herb,' and (payiii, 'I eat.' One who subsists on 
 herbs or vegetables. The act of subsisting or 
 feeding on herbs or vegetables is called Poe- 
 phay"ia. Hence Strabo calls the Irish -ori<payoi. 
 
 POGON, Beard. 
 
 POGONI'ASIS, Pogo'nia, from Truywv, 'the 
 beard.' A female beard. Also, great strength 
 or quantity of beard. A female having a beard 
 — Vira'ffo. 
 
 POGO'NIUM, TTuyuiviov, diminutive of voiyiov, 
 'beard.' A weak or small beard. 
 
 POGONOL'OGY, Por,onolog"{a, from ircoyuv, 
 'a beard,' and Aoyof, 'a description.' A descrip- 
 tion of, or treatise on, the beard. 
 
 POGOSTEMON INTERMEDIUS, P. Pat- 
 chouli. 
 
 PoGOSTE'jrox Patchoult, p. Suavis sen infer- 
 ne'dius, Pncha-Pat, Patchouli. Nat. Ord. La- 
 biatee. Native of Penang and the Malayan pe- 
 ninsula. The oil is vised as a perfume. The dis- 
 tilled oil is used for the same purpose. 
 
 PoGOSTEMON Suavis, P. Patchouli. 
 
 POHON ANTIAR, Upas — p. Upas, Upas. 
 
 POL A favourite aliment in the Sandwich 
 Islands. It is a sort of paste made from the root 
 of the Kalo — Arum eaculen' turn,. 
 
 POIDS ET MESUIiES, Weights and mea- 
 sures. 
 
 POIGNEE, Manipulus. 
 
 POIGNET, Carpus. 
 
 POTL, Galaetocele, Hair. 
 
 POILETTE, Cup. 
 
 POLLS, see Typha latifolia. 
 
 POLNG, Fist, 
 
 POINT, Stitch. 
 
 Point, Blistering. A name given by Dr. 
 Rush to an indeterminate period in the course 
 of a continued fever, intermediate between the 
 stages of high e.^citement and collapse, in which 
 blisters will — he thought — usually produce un- 
 equivocally good effects. 
 
 POLNT DE C0T£, Pleurodynia. 
 
 POLNTS LACRTMAUX, Lachrj-malia 
 puncta. 
 
 POIRE, see Pyrus communis. 
 
 POIREAU, Allium porrum. Verruca. 
 
 POIRIER, Pyrus communis. 
 
 POTS, Pisum — p. & Cautere, see Fonticulus — 
 p. Chiche, Cicer arietinum — p>. Cultive, Pisum — 
 p. d Gratter, Dolichos pruriens — p. Patate, Doli- 
 chos tuberosus. 
 
 POISON, Phar'viacon, Phar'macum, Tox'icnm, 
 Vene'num, Virus, Delete' rixtm, Venena'tion, (F. } 
 Poison. A generic name for all substances which, 
 when introduced into the animal economy, either 
 by cutaneous absorption, respiration, or the di- 
 gestive canal, act in a noxious manner on the 
 vital properties or the texture of organs. Hence 
 we speak of fever poison, cholera p)oison, Ac. 
 Poisons exist in the three kingdoms of nature; 
 but those which proceed from animals are often 
 called venoms, as the venom of the viper, scor- 
 pion, tarantula, &c. ; whilst those that are the 
 products of disease have the name virus. In 
 common parlance, therefore, poison is restricted 
 to deleterious articles, furnished by the mineral 
 and vegetable kingdoms. Orfila has divided poi- 
 sons into four classes. 1. Acrid, Ir'ritating, 
 CoRRo'siVE, or Escharot'ic, such as the concen- 
 trated acids and alkalies; mercurial, arseniacal, 
 cupreous, and antimonial compounds, canthari- 
 des, &c. 2. Narcot'ic; those that act particu- 
 larly upon the brain ; as hyoscj'amus, opium, Ac, 
 but without inflaming the organ with which they 
 come in contact. .3. Narcot'ico-Acrid or Acro- 
 narcot'ic ; — those that act on the brain, but, at 
 the same time, irritate the parts to which they 
 are applied ; as aconite, belladonna, &c. 4. Sep- 
 tic or Putres'cent; — those furnished by the 
 animal kingdom. See Venom and Virus. Va- 
 rious classifications, of a similar character, have 
 been recommended by different toxicologists : but 
 they are liable to the objection, that they throw 
 substances together whose physiological action 
 on the system is very different. It is, indeed, 
 difficult to avoid unnatural compression of mat- 
 ters into places not properly belonging to them, 
 in all such arrangements. 
 
 The following table, which exhibits a coup d'ceil 
 of the chief poisons, with most of the circum- 
 stances of importance connected with them, is 
 not free from these objections 
 
POISONS 
 
 73 3 
 
 POISONS 
 
 TABLE, EXHIBITING THE SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT, AND MODE OF DETECTING 
 THE VARIOUS POISONS, MINERAL, VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL. 
 
 iV. B. In all cases the Stomach- Pump should he used as soon as possible. 
 
 I. INORGANIC POISONS. 
 
 Poisons. 
 
 ACIDS. 
 
 Acetic Acid. 
 
 Citric Acid. 
 
 Muriatic Acid. 
 
 JVitric Acid. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid. 
 
 Tartaric Acid. 
 
 Oxalic Acid. 
 
 Prussic Acid. 
 
 Oil of Bitter Al- 
 monds. 
 
 Laurel IVater, 
 
 ALKALIES and 
 their SALTS. 
 
 Ammonia, 
 
 Stronir Liquor or 
 
 Water of. 
 
 Muriate of Am- 
 monia or Sal 
 Ammoniac, 
 
 POTASSA. 
 
 Caustic Potassa, 
 and Liquor Po- 
 tassa. 
 
 Carbonate of Po- 
 tassa, or Pearl 
 Ash; and Salt 
 of Tartar. 
 
 N'itrate of Potas- 
 sa or Saltpetre. 
 
 Sulphurct of Po- 
 tassium or Li- 
 ver of Sulphur, 
 
 Soda. 
 
 The acids, generally, are 
 strong corrosive poisons. 
 Sour, acrid taste, burning 
 in the throat, which is in- 
 creased by pressure, swal- 
 lowing, or couching; eruc- 
 tation, and excruciating 
 pain in the stomach; more 
 or less corrugation of the 
 lining membranes of the 
 mouth and prims viie ; ex- 
 coriation about the mouth 
 or such other parts of the 
 skin as the acid may have 
 touched. The matter vo- 
 mited effervesces with car- 
 bonate of lime. The coun- 
 tenance becomes glazed, ex- 
 tremities cold and clammy ; 
 convulsions and death. Ni- 
 tric acid occasions yellow 
 stains, and sulphuric acid, 
 black. 
 
 Is a sedative poison ; nau- 
 sea, giddiness, debility, hur- 
 ried pulse, weight and pain 
 in the head ; eructations 
 having the flavour of the 
 acid; spasms, tetanus, con- 
 tractile pupil; convulsions, 
 death. 
 
 Violent, caustic, acrid 
 taste; great heat in the 
 throat, with destruction of 
 its lining membrane; diffi- 
 cult and painful degluti- 
 tion ; vomiting of bloody 
 matter, which turns the 
 yellow of turmeric brown ; 
 acute pain in the stomach ; 
 cold sweats, weakness, hic- 
 cough ; violent colic pains, 
 with purging of bloody 
 stools and membranous 
 flakes ; death. 
 
 The nitrate of potassa 
 will not manifest the effect 
 with turmeric paper. The 
 carbonates, when vomited, 
 will effervesce vi'ith acids; 
 and the liver of sulphur 
 will give rise to eructations 
 of sulphuretted hydrogen. 
 
 EARTHS and 
 COMPOUNDS. 
 
 Car'ynnate of Ba- 
 ryta. 
 
 Chlmtde of Ba- 
 rium. 
 
 JVitrate ef Ba- 
 ryt!.. 
 
 Lime. 
 
 Analogous to those of 
 the corrosive metals. Vio- 
 lent burning in the sto- 
 mach, vomiting, gripes, 
 diarrhoea ; excessive mus- 
 cular debility, headache, 
 convulsions, death. Lime 
 differs from baryta in being 
 a pure irritant. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 The carbonates of soda, 
 potassa, lime and magne- 
 sia, are all antidotes to the 
 acids; calcined magnesia 
 also. They are to be used 
 with the following restric- 
 tions : for the acetic, citric, 
 muriatic, sulphuric, and 
 tartaric acids, they may be 
 used indiscriminately. For 
 the nitric and oxalic, car- 
 bonates of magnesia and 
 lime can alone be employed 
 with safety. In the case of 
 sulphuric acid, water should 
 not be drunk, on account 
 of the great heat which is 
 produced by their mixture. 
 Subsequent inflammation 
 to be treated by ordinary 
 means. 
 
 The carbonates of the al- 
 kalies and of magnesia and 
 lime have the inconve- 
 nience, that a large quan- 
 tity of gas is extricated in 
 the stomach. 
 
 Ammonia is an antidote; 
 but it should not be em- 
 ployed in a very concen- 
 trated form. Liquid chlo- 
 rine has also been found 
 elficacious. The cold rfoacAe 
 to the head has been re- 
 commended. 
 
 The vegetable acids, such 
 as vinegar, lemon juice, 
 citric and tartaric acid in 
 solution are antidotes to 
 the alkalies and their car- 
 bonates. The fixed oils, 
 such as castor, linseed, al- 
 mond and olive, form soaps 
 with the free alkalies, and 
 therefore destroy their caus- 
 tic eft'ects. 
 
 Poisoning by nitrate of 
 potassa to be treated on ge- 
 neral antiphlogistic princi- 
 ples; mucilaginous drinks. 
 
 Liver of sulphur is said 
 to be deconipo.«ed and neu- 
 tralized by common salt. 
 The liquid chloride of soda 
 will also decompose it. 
 
 The sulphates of soda 
 and magnesia are prompt 
 and effective antidotes to 
 all the poisonous salts of 
 baryta. Phosphate of soda 
 will also counteract their 
 effects. Lime may be neu- 
 tralized by dilute acids. 
 Carbonic acid, in soda-wa- 
 ter, effervescing draught or 
 yeast, it is supposed, would 
 answer a good purpose. 
 The fixed oils may be em- 
 ployed either for baryta or 
 lime, when not in a com- 
 pound state. 
 
 Tests. 
 
 Sulphuric acid is known by a 
 white precipitate with any salt 
 of baryta, insoluble in nitric acid. 
 
 Muriatic acid is known by a 
 white precipitate with nitrate of 
 silver, insoluble in nitric acid, 
 which turns black by the action 
 of light. 
 
 JVitric acid gives rise to orange- 
 coloured fumes, when copper is 
 placed in it. and an ability to 
 dissolve gold when mixed with 
 muriatic acid. 
 
 Acetic acid exhales the odour of 
 vinegar. 
 
 Citric aci(f blackenswhen heated. 
 
 Tartaric acid precipitates crys- 
 tals, with a solution of potassa; 
 and a white precipitate is thrown 
 down by lime-water. 
 
 Oxalic acid gives a white preci- 
 pitate with lime-water, which, 
 when healed, is converted into 
 carbonate of lime. 
 
 Prussic acid exhales the odour 
 of peach-kernels; forms a white 
 precipirale with nitrate of silver 
 neutralized with an alkali, gives 
 a blue precijjitate with the per- 
 salts of iron. 
 
 The alkalies are known by 
 their action on turmeric paper; 
 restoring the colour of litmus, 
 which has been reddened by an 
 acid. 
 
 Carbonates are known by their 
 effervescence with an acid; some 
 of them affect the turmeric paper. 
 Sal ammoniac gives out the pun- 
 gent odour of ammonia, when 
 mixed with quicklime. 
 
 Nitrate of potassa decrepitates 
 and deflagrates when thrown on 
 hot coals. 
 
 Liver of snlphurcmits the odour 
 of sulphuretted hydrogen when 
 dissolved, or when treated with 
 an acid. 
 
 Baryta and its salts invariably 
 give a white precipitate, insoluble 
 in acid, with a soluble sulphate, 
 
 Lime, when dissolved, gives a 
 white precipitate with oxalic acid. 
 Also with carbonic acid or a 
 soluble carbonatu. The same of 
 baryta. 
 
POISONS 
 
 734 
 
 POISONS 
 
 Poisons. 
 
 ALCOHOL. 
 
 Brandxj. Wines, 
 and all Spirit- 
 uous Liquors. 
 
 Intoxication, and when 
 taken very freely, complete 
 insensihility, with apo- 
 plexy or paralysis of one 
 side; thecnuntenance swol- 
 len and of a riark-red co- 
 lour; the breathing diffi- 
 cult, and often stertorous, 
 with a peculiar puffing out 
 of the lips; the breath smells 
 of liquor, which will dis- 
 tinguish the symptoms from 
 those of spontaneous apo- 
 plexy. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 VOLATILE 
 OILS. 
 
 Creasote, 
 
 DippeVs Animal 
 Oil. 
 
 Oil of Tar. 
 
 Oil of Tobacco. 
 
 Oilof Turpentine 
 
 FiLsel Oil. 
 
 GASES. 
 
 Carbonic Acid, or 
 Filed Air. 
 
 Carbonic Oxide. 
 
 Fumes of Burn- 
 ing Charcoal. 
 
 Sulphuretted Hy- 
 drogen. 
 
 Iodide of Potas- 
 sium. 
 
 METALS. 
 
 Antimony. 
 
 Tartar Emetic. 
 
 Chloride, or But- 
 ter of Antimony. 
 
 Oxide of Anti- 
 mony. 
 
 General action, thai of 
 irritant poisons. Burning 
 pain, vomiting, pungent 
 taste, purging. &c. The oils 
 of turpentine and tobacco 
 affect the nervous system ; 
 the peculiar odour of each 
 oil will be manifested in 
 the matter vomited. 
 
 A powerful emetic of 
 white vitriol, or tartar eme- 
 tic, should be got into the 
 stomach as soon as possi- 
 ble ; and if the person has 
 lost the power of swallow- 
 ing, a flexible catheter or 
 tube should be the means of 
 conveying it thither. The 
 vomiting should be encou- 
 raged as much as possible 
 with warm water; and large 
 and active giysters of salt 
 and water should be thrown 
 up. The patient should be 
 placed erect, and if the 
 countenance and other ap- 
 pearances be not improved 
 after these means have been 
 used, the jugular vein may 
 be opened, and cold wet 
 cloths applied to the head, 
 particularly if the body be 
 hotter than natural. If the 
 extremities become cold, 
 warmth and friction should 
 be perseveringly used. 
 
 Creasote is immediately 
 coagulated by albumen 
 DippePs animal oil mav be 
 counteracted with dilute 
 acids and the fixed oils 
 The other oils have no par 
 ticular antidotes, and their 
 effi^cts must, therefore, be 
 counteracted upon general 
 principles. 
 
 Tests. 
 
 No better mode of recognizing 
 these substances exists, than that 
 derived from their peculiar odour. 
 Dippel's oil has the pungent odour 
 of ammonia ; creasote and oil of 
 tar, a peculiar smell of smoke; 
 the odour of tobacco and turpen- 
 tine are well known; and fusel 
 oil has a peculiar, offensive, suf- 
 focating odour. 
 
 Chlorine produces, when 
 inhaled, violent irritation 
 of the organs of respira- 
 tion ; cough, bloody expec- 
 toration, inflammation of 
 the lungs, and permanent 
 pulmonary disease. The 
 other gases, although pro- 
 ducing some effect on the 
 respiratory orsans, act as 
 poisons, in consequence of 
 their sedative agency. The 
 symptoms, therefore, are 
 those of apoplexy, or nar- 
 cotic poisoning. 
 
 Irritant symptoms ; burn- 
 ing pain in the throat, lace- 
 rating pain in the stomach, 
 and fruitless efforts to vo- 
 mit ; suffusion of the eyes ; 
 excessive pain and tender- 
 ness of the epigastrium. 
 
 Vomiting. If vomiting 
 do not occur promptly, vio- 
 lent irritant effects are 
 produced. Burning pain in 
 the pit of the stomach ; 
 Purging; colicky pains, 
 sense of tightness in the 
 throat, violent cramps; re- 
 peated recurrence of vomit- 
 
 The antidotes to chlorine 
 are the cautious inhalation 
 of ammonia, or sulphuret- 
 ted hydrogen. The inflam- 
 matory symptoms from 
 chlorine to be treated on 
 general principles. For the 
 other gases, cold affusions 
 to the head, blood-letting, 
 artificial respiration. 
 
 Iodine combines with 
 starch, and forms an insolu- 
 ble compound. The prompt 
 administration of starch, 
 wheat flour, or other vege- 
 table matter containing fe- 
 cula, beat up in water, is 
 recommended. Iodide of 
 potassium has no antidote. 
 Vomiting should be pro- 
 moted by draughts of warm 
 water, and inflammation be 
 subdued by general treat- 
 ment. 
 
 If vomiting ha vp not been 
 produced, it should be 
 brought about by tickling 
 the fauces, and adminis- 
 tering copious draughts of 
 warm water. Astringent 
 infusions, such as of galls, 
 oak bark. Peruvian bark, 
 act as antidotes, and should 
 be given promptly; pow- 
 dered yellow bark may be 
 used, until the infusion is 
 prepared. 
 
 Chlorine is recognized by its 
 peculiar odour and bleaching pro- 
 perties. Sulphuretted hydrogen, 
 by its fetid smell, and the rapid 
 blackening of lead. Carbonic 
 acid, by its occasioning turbid- 
 ness in lime-water placed in its 
 atmosphere. Carbonic oxide, by 
 the blue colour of its flame. 
 
 Iodine is known by its odour, 
 and the formation of a blue pre- 
 cipitate, when brought in contact 
 with a cold solution of starch. 
 Iodide of potassium gives a crys- 
 talline precipitate, with tartaric 
 acid in e.xcess. The supernatant 
 fluid will give the blue colour to 
 starch. 
 
 Antimony in solution is best 
 distinguished by the peculiar 
 orange-red precipitate, which ir 
 forms with sulphuretted hydro, 
 gen or solutions of the hydrnsui- 
 phates. Free alkalies produce 
 white precipitates. The muriate 
 is known by a white precipitate, 
 when it is poured into water 
 In its solid forms, it may be known 
 by the formation of wiiite fiiines. 
 when heated, which redden lit- 
 mus. It may also be converted 
 into chloride, and then precipi- 
 tated by adding water. 
 
POISONS 
 
 POISONS 
 
 Poisons. 
 
 Arsenic. 
 
 ArsPnious Arid^ 
 or IV/iile Arsenic. 
 
 Orpiment. or Yel- 
 low SiUphurel 
 of Arsenic. 
 
 King's Yellow. 
 
 Realgar, or Red 
 SiilpUuret. of 
 Arsenic. 
 
 Fly Powder. 
 
 Fowler's Solution. 
 
 Arsenical Paste. 
 
 Arsenical Soap. 
 
 Arsenilc of Cop- 
 per, 
 Sc/teele's Oreen. 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 Bismuth. 
 
 M'itrate of Bis- 
 muth. 
 
 Pearl Poicder. 
 
 Oxide of Bismuth. 
 
 Copper. 
 Sulphaleof Copper 
 
 Blue Vitriol, 
 dcetate of Copper, 
 
 Verdigris. 
 Carbonate of Cop- 
 per, 
 Blue Verditer. 
 Arsenite of Copper 
 Scheele's Orcen. 
 Food cooked in 
 dirty copper ves- 
 sels, or pickles 
 made green by 
 copper. 
 
 Violent burning pain in 
 tiie ref,'ion of the stomach 
 and bowels ; tenderness on 
 pressure; retching: vomit- 
 ing; sense of dryness and 
 tiffhlness in the throat; 
 thirst; hoarseness and diffi- 
 culty ofspi'ech; the matter 
 vomited, greenish or yel- 
 lowish, sometimes streaked 
 with blood ; diarrhcea ; te- 
 nesmus; sonietiiiies excori- 
 ation of the anus; urinary 
 organs occasionally affected 
 with violent burning pains 
 and suppression ; convul- 
 sions ami cramps; clammy 
 sweats; lividity of the ex- 
 tremities ; countenance col- 
 lapsed ; eyes red and spar- 
 kling; delirium; death. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 Similar to those produced 
 from other irritant poisons. 
 General inflammation of 
 the whole alimentary canal: 
 suppression of urine; hic- 
 cough, disagreeable metal- 
 lic taste; vomiting; cramps; 
 delirium : death. 
 
 Very similar to those pro- 
 duced by arsenic. Coppery 
 eructations and taste. Fa- 
 tal cases are generally ter- 
 minated by convulsions, 
 palsy, insensibility. 
 
 The hydrated peroxide of 
 iron diffused through wa- 
 ter ; or the precipitated car- 
 bonate; or the rubigo ferri, 
 in Very fine powder, to be 
 administered every five or 
 ten minutes, until relief is 
 obtained. This is particu- 
 larly efficacious when the 
 white arsenic has been swal- 
 lowed. If the arsenic have 
 been taken in the form 
 nf Fowler's Solution, lime- 
 water, in copious draughts, 
 may be given. For either 
 of the other forms, emetics 
 of sulphate of zinc; dilu- 
 ents; demulcents, such as 
 flaxseed tea, infusion of 
 slippery elm, &c. Counter- 
 irritants may be used to re- 
 lieve the spasm, and violent 
 pain in the stomach. Bleed- 
 ing, as promoting absorp- 
 tion, should not be em- 
 ployed until the stomach is 
 completely evacuated. 
 
 Milk, and sweet mucila- 
 ginous drinks a/e recom- 
 mended. Leeches, general 
 bleeding; glysters; fomen- 
 tations to be employed on 
 the general principles of 
 treatment for inflammatory 
 symptoms. 
 
 Albumen to be adminis- 
 tered in either of its forms 
 which can be most readily 
 obtained, as milk or whites 
 of eggs. Vineaar should 
 nothe niven. The inflam- 
 matory symptoms are to be 
 treated on general princi- 
 ples, and so of the nervous. 
 
 If the suspected substance can 
 be obtained free from organic 
 matter, the presence of arsenic 
 may readily be shown by bojiiiia 
 it in distilled water, filtering, and 
 testing with, 1st. Ammoniaco- 
 sulphate of copper. 2d. Ammo, 
 iiiaco-nilrate of silver. {Hume's 
 Test) 3d. Sulphuretted hydrogen 
 gas. The first will produce a ^reera 
 precipitate; second, a pale yellow 
 precipitate; third, a bright ye/low 
 precipitate, if arsenic be present.) 
 A portion of The powder, or one of 
 these precipitates, carefully and 
 thoroughly dried, is then to be 
 mixed with charcoal and exsic- 
 cated carbonate of soda, to he 
 placed in a small glass tube, closed 
 at one end, and tlien to be heatea 
 to a red heat in the flame of a 
 lamp. The arsenic will be re- 
 duced, and sublime in the i>ppfr 
 part of the tube, forming a dark 
 crust, having considerable lustre 
 on its exterior surface, resem- 
 bling polished steel. By gently 
 heating this crust in a very small 
 flame, crystals of white arsenic 
 will be formed, having a high 
 adamantine lustre. 
 
 If organic matter be present, it 
 must be entirely destroyed, by 
 heating the substance with nitro- 
 muriatic acid. After this has been 
 done, and a clear, transparent so- 
 lution in distilled water has been 
 obtained, the subsequent process 
 is as aboveindicated. If arsejiious 
 acid be submitted to the action 
 of nascent hydrogen, it is deox- 
 idized, and the metallic arsenic, 
 thereby obtained, combining with 
 hydrogen, forms ar.senuretted hy- 
 drogen gas. (Marsh's Test.) 
 
 Add to a suspected solution a 
 few drops of pure chlorohydric 
 acid, and place in it a slip of bright 
 copper; no change occurs until 
 the liquid is brought to the hoilii!? 
 point, when, if arsenic be present, 
 even in small quantity, the copper 
 acquires an iron-gray coating, 
 from the deposit of that metal. 
 Remove the slip of copper; wash 
 it in water, dry it and gradually 
 heat it in a reduction tube, when 
 arsenioiis acid will he sublimed 
 in minute octohedral crystals. 
 The test succeeds with powdered 
 arsenic, the arsenites, arsenic acid, 
 the arseniates, and orpiment. It 
 will even separate the arsenic 
 from arsenite of copper, and from 
 common lead-shut, Reinsch'sTest. 
 
 Bismuth is known by the forma- 
 tion of a white precipitate, when 
 its solution in nitric acid is 
 poured into water; and by the 
 formation of a black precipitate 
 with sulphuretted hydrogen gas, 
 and hydrosulphates in solution. 
 
 The presence of copper is rea- 
 dily shown in solutions. By 
 ammonia a beautiful bluish precf- 
 pilate is thrown down, which 
 dissolves in an excess of the pre- 
 cipitant, and the solution has a 
 rich blue colour. A bright iron 
 bar, introduced into solutions of 
 copper, occasions the separation 
 of the copper, in a metallic form, 
 which deposits itself upon the 
 iron. 
 
POISONS 
 
 736 
 
 POISONS 
 
 Poisons. 
 
 Gold. 
 
 Chloride of Gold. 
 
 Fulminating 
 Gold. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, 
 
 Copperas, 
 
 Oreen Vitriol. 
 
 Chloride qf Iron. 
 
 Lead- 
 
 Acetate of Lead, 
 
 Sugar of Lead. 
 
 Carbonate of Lead, 
 
 White Lead. 
 
 Red Oxide, or Red 
 
 Lead. 
 
 Litharge. 
 
 Wines sweetened 
 
 by Lead. 
 Water which has 
 been kept in 
 Leaden vessels. 
 Acid food, cooked, 
 or left standing 
 %n vessels glazed 
 with Lead. 
 
 Mercury. 
 Corrosive Subli- 
 mate. 
 
 Cyanide of Mer- 
 cury. 
 
 Mtrate of Mer- 
 cury. 
 
 WkiiePrecipitate. 
 
 Red Oxide, or Red 
 Precipitate. 
 
 Sulphate, or Tur- 
 bith Mineral. 
 
 Fermilion,or Red 
 Sulphuret. 
 
 Silver. 
 J\ntrate of Silver, 
 01 Lunar Caus- 
 tic. 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 Very analogous to those 
 of other irritant poisons. 
 This substance communi- 
 cates a pink stain to the 
 flesh, and patches of that 
 colour may be found about 
 the lips, and inside the 
 mouth. 
 
 Symptoms of irritant poi- 
 soning; colic pains, con- 
 stant vomiting andpurgiug. 
 Violent pain in the throat, 
 tension of the epigastrium, 
 coldness of the skin, and 
 feebleness of the pulse. 
 
 Irritation of the alimen- 
 tary canal; spasm; nervous 
 symptoms ; paralysis, either 
 partial or complete. When 
 taken for some time, in 
 small quantity, violent and 
 obstinate colic; rigidity of 
 abdominal muscles, cramps; 
 remission of pain ; obsti- 
 nate constipation, urine di- 
 minished, saliva increased ; 
 countenance anxious and 
 gloomy. If relief be not 
 promptly obtained, giddi- 
 ness, debility, torpor, coma, 
 convulsions and death. The 
 paralysis affects eenerally 
 the upper extremities. 
 
 Violent symptoms of irri- 
 tant poisoning; harsh me- 
 tallic astringent taste; burn- 
 ing pain in the stomach; 
 vomiting and purging fre- 
 quently of bloody matter; 
 often irritation of the uri- 
 nary organs, and sometimes 
 suppression ; lightness and 
 burninsin the throat, occa- 
 sionally so sreat as to pre- 
 vent speech; countenance 
 not always pale, but some- 
 times flushed; tendency to 
 doze ; stupor, convulsions 
 and death. 
 
 The salts of gold are de- 
 composed by sulphate of 
 iron ; and this has, there- 
 fore, been recommended as 
 an antidote. Inflammatory 
 symptoms to be treated on 
 general principles. 
 
 Carbonate of soda would 
 be a most excellent anti- 
 dote to either of these 
 substances. Mucilaginous 
 drinks might also bo em- 
 ployed;and particular symp- 
 toms relieved by general 
 treatment. 
 
 Sulphate of magnesia and 
 phosphate of soda are both 
 ffood antidotes for the solu- 
 ble salts of lead. For the 
 solid forms, dilute sulphuric 
 acid may be drunk. These 
 are applicable to the irri- 
 tant forms of poisoning by 
 lead. In the chronic form, 
 or colica pictonum, purga- 
 tives and anodynes are re- 
 sorted to ; venesection ; and 
 external applications to re- 
 lieve the cramps. The use 
 ofstrychnia isrecommended 
 for the paralysis. 
 
 Tests. 
 
 Albumen, in some form, 
 must be promptly adminis- 
 tered; either white of eggs 
 beaten up with water, milk, 
 or wheat flour beaten up. 
 The inflammatory symp- 
 toms to be counteracted by 
 the usual means. Gold, 
 finely mixed in dust, with 
 fine iron filings. (?) 
 
 Chloride of gold is very readily 
 decomposed, and the gold sepa- 
 rated in a metallic state. Proio- 
 sulphate of iron, nitrate of silver 
 and protochloride of tin, all an- 
 swer this purpose. The precipi- 
 tated powder will be found insolu- 
 ble, except in nitro-muriatic acid. 
 
 Iron is recognised by a bluish- 
 black precipitate, with tincture 
 of galls; rich blue, with prussiate 
 of potassa ; and a greenish or 
 reddish precipitate, with the free 
 alkalies or their carbonates. 
 
 Soluble salts of lead yield a 
 white precipitate with sulphates 
 and carbonates in solution. Salts 
 of chromic acid and iodide of po- 
 tassium occasion a yellow preci- 
 pitate. Sulphuretted hydrogen, 
 a black precipitate. If solid, the 
 lead may be converted into a 
 state of solution by nitric acid, 
 and the dilute solution be tested 
 as above. 
 
 Tin. 
 
 Chloride of Tin. 
 Solution of Tin, 
 
 used by Dyers. 
 Oxide of Tin, or 
 
 Putty Powder. 
 
 Zinc. 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc, 
 JVhite Vitriol. 
 
 Acetate of Zinc. 
 
 Those of other irritant 
 poisons. 
 
 Chloride of sodium, or 
 common salt, immediately 
 decomposes this substance, 
 and destroys its activity. 
 Antiphlogistic treatment is 
 to be employed for the in- 
 flammatory symptoms. 
 
 The same as those from Milk to be given copious 
 
 other irritant poisons, and ly, and the subsequent 
 
 a peculiar tanned appear- treatment to be regulated 
 
 ance of the villous coat of by the symptoms 
 the stomach. 
 
 Violent vomiting; astrin- ' The vomiting may be re- 
 gent taste, burning pain in ' lieved by copious draughts 
 the stomach; pale coiinte- of warm water. Carbonate 
 nance; cold extremities; of soda, administered in so- 
 dull eyes; fluttering pulse, liition, will decompose the 
 Death seldom ensues, in sulphate of zinc. Milk and 
 consequence of the emetic albumen also act ns anti- 
 effects, j dotes. General principles 
 j to be observed in the subse- 
 qiienl treatment. 
 
 The free alkalies iUffer in their 
 precipitates from solutionsof mer- 
 cury. Potassa gives, with corro- 
 sive sublimate, a yellowish one; 
 ammonia, a white; lime-water, an 
 orange ; and sulphuretted hydro- 
 gen, a black. If a drop of the so- 
 lution be placed on a piece of 
 gold, and touched with a knife or 
 key, the mercury will be reduced, 
 which amalgamates with the gold, 
 producing a white spot. The ni- 
 trate of mercury gives a black 
 precipitate with the free alkalies. 
 All the solid forms of mercury are 
 volatile, and may be reduced by 
 heating them in a glass tube with 
 charcoal and carbonate of soda, 
 when the metallic mercury will 
 sublime, and may be collected in 
 a globule. 
 
 Nitrate ofsiherisdistinsuished 
 by the formation of a white pre- 
 cipitate, insoluble in nitric acid, 
 with chloride of sodium ; a gray 
 precipitate with ammonia, vihich 
 is redissolved in an excess of am- 
 monia; yellow precipitate with 
 phosphate of soda. The precipi- 
 tate of chloride of silver, obtained 
 by adding muriate of soda to the 
 nitrate of silver, is readily re- 
 duced, and the metallic silver ob- 
 tained, by mixing it with dilute 
 sulphuric acid and granulated zinc. 
 
 The chloride precipitates vege- 
 table colouring matter; also albu- 
 men and gelatin. The white oxide 
 is precipitated from its solution by 
 free alkalies; with sulplinri'ttid 
 hydrogen gas. a brown precipitate. 
 
 A white precipitate is ilirown 
 down by the free alkalies from 
 the soluble salts of zinc, which 
 becomes yellow when .strongly 
 heated — recovering its white co- 
 lour on cooling. Sulphuretted 
 hydrogen occasions a white pre 
 cipitate. 
 
POISONS 
 
 737 
 
 POISONS 
 
 Poisons. 
 
 PHOSPHORUS. 
 
 GLASS or ENA- 
 MEL. 
 
 Symptoms of irritant poi- 
 soning; pain in the stomach 
 and bowels; vomiting, diar- 
 rhoea, tenderness and ten- 
 sion of the abdomen. 
 
 If taken in very coarse 
 powder, it produces irrita- 
 tion and inflammation of 
 the bowels. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 An emetic to be prompt- 
 ly administered; copious 
 drausihts containing mag- 
 nesia in suspension; muci- 
 laginous drinks; general 
 treatment for inflaiimiatory 
 symptoms. 
 
 Large quantities of crumb 
 of bread should be eaten, to 
 envelop the particles. (?) 
 An emetic of sulphate of 
 zinc should then he given, 
 and vomiting be promoted 
 by demulcent drinks. 
 
 Tests. 
 
 Phosphorus is known by its 
 ready inflammability, luminous- 
 ness at ordinary temperatures, 
 and alliaceous odour. 
 
 II. ORaANIC POISONS, 
 
 I. VEGETABLE POISONS. 
 
 iRRiT.iNT Poisons. 
 
 Anemone Pulsatilla. Wind Flower. 
 
 Arum maculatum. Wake Kobin. 
 
 Bryonia dioica. Bryony. 
 
 Caladium seguinium. Dumbcane. 
 
 Calla palvstris. Water Arum. 
 
 CaHiia. palustris. Marsh Marigold. 
 
 Chelidonium majus. Celandine. 
 
 Clematis vitalba. Virgin Bower. 
 
 Convolvulus 7'afepa. Jalap. 
 
 Convolvulus scammonia. Scammony. 
 
 Croton tiglium. Purging Crot<m. 
 
 Cucumis colocyntkis. Colocynth. 
 
 Cyclamen EuropiEum. Sow Bread. 
 
 DapUne gnidium. Spurge Flax. 
 
 Daphne mezereum. Mezereon. 
 
 Delphinium slaphisagria. Stavesacre. 
 
 Dioica palustris. Swamp leather-wood. 
 
 Equisetum hyemale. Scourgrass. 
 
 Euphorbia qfficinarum. Euphorbium. 
 Spurge. 
 
 Gratiola officinalis. Hedge Hyssop. 
 
 Hippomaiie mancinella. Manchineel. 
 
 Hura crepitans. Sand Box. 
 
 Uy(\rncoty\evulgaris. Marsh Pennywort. 
 
 Jatropha curcas, Indian Nut. 
 
 Jatropha manihot. Cassada. 
 
 Juniperus sabina. Savin (oil of). 
 
 Juniperus Virginiana. BedCedar (oil of ) 
 
 Momordica elaterium. Squirting Cu- 
 cumber. 
 
 Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. Daffiidil. 
 
 Pasti nax soO'ra. Common Parsnep. 
 
 Pedicularis palustris. Marsh Lousewort. 
 
 Phj'tolacca decandra. Poke. 
 
 Piper cubeba. Cubebs. 
 
 Plumbago Eurapma. Toothwort. 
 
 Ranunculus acris, and other species. 
 Crowfoot. 
 
 Rhododendron chrysanthemum. Oleander. 
 
 Ricinus communis. Castor Oil Plant. 
 
 Sambucus cbulus. Elder. 
 
 Sedutn acre. Stone Crop. 
 
 Stalagmitis cambogioides. Gamhoge. 
 
 Tanacetum vulgare. Tansy (oil of.) 
 
 ACRO-NARCOTIC. 
 
 ^Ethusa cynapium. Common Fool's 
 Parsley. 
 
 Aconitum napellus. Monkshood. 
 
 Agaricus. five species. Mushrooms (poi- 
 sonous). 
 
 Amanita muscaria. Truffles (poisonous). 
 
 .Anagallis arrensis. Meadow Pimpernel. 
 
 Anda Oomesii. 
 
 Apocyniim androsmTnifolium. Dogsbane. 
 
 Aristolochia clcmatilis. Birthwort. 
 
 -Arnica rnontana. Leopard's bane. 
 
 Asclepias Syriaca. Swallowwort. 
 
 Atropa belladonna. Deadly Night Shade. 
 
 jEscuIus Ohioensis. Buckeye. 
 
 Brucea antidysenterica. False Angus- 
 tura Bark. 
 
 Cerbera, three species. Cerbera. 
 
 Chsrophyllum sylvestre. Bastard Hem- 
 lock. 
 
 47 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 The general eflfects of this 
 class of vegetable poisons 
 are; — an acrid pungent 
 taste, with more or less of 
 bitterness, e.xcessive heat, 
 great dryness of the mouth 
 and throat, with sense of 
 tightness there ; violent vo- 
 niitins, the efforls being 
 continued even after the 
 stomach is emptied ; purg- 
 ing, with great pain in the 
 stomach and bowels ; pulse 
 strong, frequent, and regu- 
 lar ; breathing often quick 
 and difficult; appearances 
 of intoxication ; the pupil of 
 the eye frequently dilated, 
 insensibility resembling 
 death; the pulse becomes 
 slow and loses its force, and 
 death closes the scene. 
 
 If applied externally, 
 many of them produce vio- 
 lent inflammation of the 
 skin, with vesications or 
 eruptions of pustules. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 If vomiting have been occasioned by 
 the poison, and the efforts are still con- 
 tinued, they may be rendered easier by 
 large draughts of warm water, or thin 
 gruel ; but if symptoms of insensibility 
 have come on without vomiting, it 
 oucht to be immediately excited by the 
 sulphate of zinc, or some other active 
 emetic substance, and after its opera- 
 tion a sharp purgative should be given 
 After as much as possible of the poison 
 is got rid of, a very strong infusion of 
 coffee, or vinegar diluted with water, 
 may be given with advantage. Cam- 
 phor mixture with ether may be taken 
 frequently, and if insensibility be con- 
 siderable, warmth, frictions, and blis- 
 ters, may be employed. If inflamma- 
 tion or other dangerous consequences 
 have been induced, they are to be 
 treated upon general principles. 
 
 The. fruit of Feuillea Cordifolia has 
 been recommended as a powerful an- 
 tidote against vegetable poisons; it 
 is to be used in as recent a state as 
 possible. (?) 
 
 N. B. Bromine, chlorine, and iodine 
 are said to be antidotes to the alka- 
 loids generally. 
 
POISONS 
 
 738 
 
 POISONS 
 
 Irritant Poisons. 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 Chaillotia toxicana. Eatbane. 
 Chenopodium murale. Wormseed. 
 Ciciita maculata. American Hemlock. 
 C\c\i\.a. virosa. Water Hemlock. 
 Cissus. Cissus. 
 
 Cncculus Indicus. Pish berries. 
 Colchicum aulumnale. Meadow saffron. 
 Conium maculatum. Hemlock. 
 Coriaria myrtifoLia. Myrtle-leaved Su- 
 mach. 
 Curare. Indian War Poison. 
 Cynanchnm erectum. Cynanchum. 
 Cvtisus laburnum. Laburnum. 
 Datura stramonium- Thorn Apple. 
 Disitalis purpurea. Foxglove. 
 Ersot. See Secale. 
 Ervum crmlia. Bitter Vetch. 
 Gaultheria procumbcns. Wintergreen 
 
 (oil of). 
 Hfemanthus toxicarius. 
 Hetleborus niger. Black Hellebore. 
 Hypophyllum sanguinaria. Paddock 
 
 Stool. 
 Ipecacuanha. Ipecacuanha. 
 Lathyrus cicera. Lathyrus. 
 Laurus camphora. Camphor. 
 Lobelia in^ata, Indian Tobacco. 
 Lolium temulentum- Darnel. 
 Melia ozerferacA. Pride of China. 
 Mercurialis perennis. Mountain Mer- 
 cury. 
 Nerum oleander. Common Oleanuer. 
 Nicotiana tabacum. Tobacco. 
 CEnanthe crocata. Hemlock Dropwort. 
 Passiflora quadrangularis. Barbadine. 
 Fiscidia erylhrina. Jamaica Dogwood. 
 Polvgala venenosa (of Java). 
 Rhus radicans. Poison Vine. 
 Ehus toxicodendron. Poison oak, or Su- 
 mach. 
 Robinia pseudo-acacia. Locust Tree. 
 Ruta graveolens. Rue. 
 Sanguinaria Canadensis. Blood Root. 
 Scilla maritima. Squill. Sea Onion. 
 Secale cornutum.. Ergot. Spurred Rye. 
 Slum latifolium. Procumbent Water 
 
 Parsnep. 
 Spigelia Marilandica. Pink Root. 
 Strychnos [gnatii. St. Isnatius's Bean. 
 Strvchnos nux vomica. Nux vomica. 
 Svmplocarpus/ffitirfa. Skunk Cabbage. 
 Ticunas. Extract of various plants- 
 South America. 
 Tieute. Upas Tieuti. Tree of Java. 
 Triticum Hybernum. Wheat (diseased.) 
 Upas antiar. Tree in Java. 
 Veratrum album. While Hellebore. 
 Veratrum viride. American Hellebore. 
 Woorara. War Poison of Guiana. 
 Zea mays. Maize (diseased). 
 
 NARCOTIC. 
 Actsea spicata. Baneberry. 
 Amygdalus communis. Bitter Almond. 
 Amygdalus Persica. Peach. 
 Gelseminum nitidum. Yellow Jessamine. 
 Helonias erytliresperma. Fly Poison. 
 Hyoscyamus albus. White Henbane. 
 Hyoscyamus niger. Black Henbane. 
 Kalmia latifolia. Mountain Ivy. 
 Lactuca virosa. Strong-scented Lettuce. 
 Opium, and its proximate principles. 
 Papaver somniferun . Poppy. 
 Paris quadrifoHa. Herb Paris. 
 Prunus Caroliniana. Wild Orange. 
 Prunus lauro-cerasus. Cherry Laurel. 
 Prunus nigra. Black Cherry. 
 Prunus padus. Cluster Cherry. 
 Prunus Virginiana. Wild Cherry. 
 Solanum dulcamara. Bitter-sweet. 
 Sorbus acuparia.. Mountain Ash. 
 Taxus baccata. Yew. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 The narcotic vegetable 
 poisons, if taken into the I 
 stomach or applied to a 
 wound, occasion the follow- 
 ing effects:— stupor ; numb- ' 
 ness; heaviness in the head; 
 desire to vomit, slight at 
 first, but afterwards insup- 
 portable; a sort of intoxi- 
 cation, stupid air, pupil of 
 the eye dilated; furious or 
 lively delirium, sometimes 
 pain; convulsions of dif- 
 ferent parts of the body, or 
 palsy of the limbs. The 
 pulse is variable, but at 
 first generally strong and 
 full ; the breathing is quick, 
 and there is great anxiety 
 and dejection, which, if not 
 speedily relieved, soon ends 
 in death. 
 
 ; POISONOUS MUSHROOMS. 
 
 I Agaricus muscarius. Fly Agaric. 
 \ AgahcMS piperatus. Pepper Agaric. 
 ; Acaricus necator. Deadly Agaric. 
 I Asaricus hulbosus. Bulbous Agaric. 
 i Agaricus chantarellus. Champiznon. 
 
 The stomact to be effectually evacu- 
 ated by giving- four or five grains of 
 tartar emetic, or from ten to twenty 
 of the sulphate of zinc, repeated every 
 quarter of an hour, till the full effect is 
 produced. These means may be assisted 
 by tickling the throat with a feather or 
 the finger. Large aud strong glysters 
 of soap dissolved in water, or of salt 
 and gruel, should be speedily adminis- 
 tered, to clear the bowels, and assist in 
 getting rid of the poison; and active 
 purgatives may be given after the vo- 
 miting has ceased. When as much as 
 possible of the poison has been ex- 
 pelled, the patient may drink, alter- 
 nately, a tea-cupful of strong hot infu- 
 sion of coffee, and vinegar diluted with 
 water. If the drowsiness, which is 
 sometimes extreme, and the insensi- 
 bility bordering on apoplexy, be not 
 remedied by these means, blood may be 
 taken from the jugular vein, blisters 
 may be applied to the neck and legs, 
 aud the attention be roused by every 
 means possible. If the heat declines, 
 warmth and frictions must be perse- 
 veringly used. Vegetable acids are on 
 no account to be given before the poi- 
 son is expelled, and it is desirable that 
 but little fluid of any kind should be 
 administered. 
 
 N. B. Bromine, chlorine, and iodine 
 are said to be antidotes to the alkaloids 
 generally. 
 
 Nausea, heat, and pain 
 in the stomach and bowels, 
 with vomiting and purging, 
 thirst; convulsions, and 
 
 The stomach and bowels to be cleared 
 
 by an emetic of tartarized antimony, 
 
 followed by frequent doses of Glauber's 
 
 inir^-i uuMvuic......-, „..„, or Epsom salt, and large, stimulating 
 
 faintings; pulse small and | glysters. After the poison is evacuated, 
 frequent ; delirium ; dilated | ether may be administe red, with sma h 
 
POISONS 
 
 739 
 
 rOISONS 
 
 Poisons. 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 TREiTMENT. 
 
 
 pupil, and stupor; cold 
 sweats, and death. 
 
 Poisonous mushrooms 
 may be distinguished from 
 the edible by their botanical 
 characters, and by the fol- 
 lowing criteria. The for- 
 mer grow in wet, shady 
 places, have a nauseous 
 odour; are softer, more 
 open, and porous; have a 
 dirty-looking surface, some- 
 times a gaudy colour, or 
 many very distinct hues, 
 particularly if they have 
 been covered with an enve- 
 lope ; they have soft, bul- 
 bous stalks, grow rapidly, 
 and corrupt very quickly. 
 
 quantities of brandy and water; but 
 if inflammatory symptoms manifest 
 themselves, such stimuli should be 
 omitted, and other appropriate ni(;aii.s 
 be had recourse to. 
 
 2. ANIMAL POISONS. 
 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 Tre.vtment. 
 
 POISONOUS FISH. 
 Balistes monoceros. Old wife. 
 Cancer astacus. Crawfish. 
 Cancer ruricoius. Land Crab. 
 Clupea thryssa. Yellow-billed Sprat. 
 Coracinus/uscMs major. Gray Snapper. 
 Coracinus minor. Hyne. 
 Corypheena splendens. Dolphin. 
 Morinyra. Blue Parrot Fish. 
 Murffina major. Conger Eel. 
 Mvtilus edulis. Mussel. 
 Ostracion^/o6e//«m. SinoothBottleFish. 
 Perca major. Barracuda. 
 Perca venenosa. Grooper. 
 Perca venenata. Rock Fish. 
 Physalia. Portuguese Man of War. 
 Scomber c<Bruleus. Spanish Mackerel. 
 Scomber maximus. King Fish. 
 Scomber thynnus. Bonetta. 
 Sparus ckrysops. Porgee. 
 Tetrodon scc/crattts. Tunny. 
 Tetrodon ocellatus. Blower. 
 
 In an hour or two, or 
 often in a much shorter 
 time, after the fish has 
 been eaten, a weight at the 
 stomach comes on, with 
 slight vertigo and headache, 
 sense of heat about the 
 head and eyes, considerable 
 thirst, and often an erup- 
 tion of the skin (urticaria), 
 and in many cases death. 
 
 An emetic should be speedily adminis- 
 tered, or, in the absence of it, vomiting 
 may be excited, by tickling the throat 
 with the finger, and taking large 
 draughts of warm water. After full vo- 
 miting, an active purgative should be 
 given, to remove any of the noxious 
 matter that may have found its way 
 into the intestines. Vinegar and water 
 may be drunk after the above remedies 
 have operated, and the body may be 
 sponged with the same. Water, made 
 verv sweet with sugar, to which ether 
 may he added, may be drunk freely as a 
 corrective, and a very weak solution of 
 alkali has been recommended to obviate 
 the effects of the poison. If spasm 
 ensue; after evacuations, laudanum, in 
 considerable doses, is necessary. If in- 
 flammation should occur, the usual means 
 of removing it must be employed. 
 
 POISONOUS SERPENTS. 
 Boa crotaloides. Copperhead. 
 Cenchris mockeson. Mnckeson. 
 Cerastes nasicomis. Horned Viper of 
 
 Western Africa. 
 Coluber berus. Viper. 
 Coluber prester. Black Viper. 
 Crotalus, (5 species ) Rattle Snake 
 Scylale piscivorus. Water Viper. 
 
 A sharp pain in the 
 wounded part, which soon 
 extends over the limb or 
 body ; great swelling, at 
 first hard and pale, then 
 reddish, livid, and gangre- 
 nous in appearance; faint- 
 ings, vomitings, convul- 
 sions, and sometimes jaun- 
 dice; pulse small, frequent, 
 and irregular; breathing 
 difficult, cold sweats, the 
 sight fails, and the intel- 
 lectual faculties are de- 
 ranged. Inflammation, and 
 often extensive suppura- 
 tion and gangrene, followed 
 by death. 
 
 A cupping-glass to be applied over the 
 wound, or a moderately tight ligature 
 above the bites, and the wound left to 
 bleed after being well washed with warm 
 water; the actual cautery, lunar caustic, 
 or butter of antimony, to be then applied 
 freely to it, and afterwards covered with 
 lint, dipped in equal parts of olive oil and 
 spirit of hartshorn. The ligature to be 
 removed if the inflamnjation be consi- 
 derable. Warm, diluting drinks, and 
 small doses of ammonia or hartshorn, to 
 cause perspiration ; the patient to be 
 well covered in bed,and a little warm wine 
 given occasionally. If gangrene be threat- 
 ened, wine may be given more freely, and 
 the bark should be had recourse to. .Arse- 
 nic, the principal ingredient in the Tan- 
 jore Pill, has been strongly recommended. 
 
 CANTHARI3 VESFCATOEIA. 
 Spanish, or Blistering Fly. 
 Lytta vittala. Potato Fly. 
 
 Nauseous odour of the 
 breath; acrid taste; burn- 
 ing heat in the throat, sto- 
 mach, and abdomen ; fre- 
 quent vomitings, often 
 bloody, with copious bloody 
 stools; excruciating pain in 
 the stomach; painful and 
 obstinate priapism, with 
 heat in the bladder, and 
 strangury or retention of 
 urine ; frightful convul- 
 sions, delirium and death. 
 
 Vomiting to be excited by drinking 
 sweet oil, sugar and water, milk, or lin- 
 seed tea, very freely. Emollient glys- 
 ters should be administered, and if 
 symptoms of inflammation of the sto- 
 mach, kidney, or bladder supervene, 
 they must be subdued by appropriate 
 treatment. 1 
 
 Camphor dissolved in oil may be 
 rubbed over the belly and the thighs. 
 
 VENOMOUS INSECTS 
 Tarantula. 
 Scorpio. Scorpion. 
 Vespa crahro. Hornet. 
 Vespa vulgaris. Wasp, 
 Apis mellifica. Bee. 
 Culex pipiens. Gnat. 
 CEstrus bttvis. Gad-fly. 
 
 In general, the sting of 
 these insects occasions only 
 a slight degiee of pain and 
 swelling; but occasionally 
 the symptoms are more vio- 
 lent, and sickness and fever 
 are produced by the inten- 
 sity of the pain. 
 
 Hartshorn and oil may be rubbed on 
 the affected part, and a piece of rag, 
 moistened in the same, or in salt and 
 water, may be kept upon it till the pain 
 is removed. A few drops of hartshorn 
 may be given frequently in a little water, 
 and a glass or two of wine may be taken. 
 The sting may, in general, be ren-.oved 
 by making strong pressure a'-ound it 
 with the barrel of a small watch-key. 
 
POISON 
 
 740 
 
 POLIOSIS 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 saliVa of the rabid dog. 
 
 At an uncertain interval 
 after the bite, generally, 
 however, between the 
 twentieth day and three or 
 four months, pain or unea- 
 siness occurs in the bitten 
 part, though the wound 
 may have been long healed. 
 Anxiety, uneasiness, lan- 
 guor, spasms, horror, dis- 
 turbed sleep, difficult respi- 
 ration succeed, and are 
 soon very much increased ; 
 violent convulsions affect 
 the whole body, hideously 
 distorting the muscles of 
 the face; the eyes are red 
 and protruded, the tongue 
 swells and often hangs out, 
 and viscid saliva flows from 
 the mouth; there is pain in 
 the stomach, with bilious 
 vomitings,a horror of fluids, 
 and impossibility of drink- 
 ing them. All these symp- 
 toms are aggravated till the 
 sufferer is relieved by death. 
 
 Hydrophobia is more easily prevented | 
 than cured; indeed, it is d' ubted whe- 
 ther it ever has been cured. Mercury, I 
 arsenic, opium, musk, camphor, acids, 
 wine, vegetable and mineral alkali, oil, 
 various herbs, and many other reme- 
 dies whose effects are quite opposite, | 
 have been employed, but none can be 
 relied on. Large blood-lettings, the 
 warm and cold bath, and almost every 
 other remedial agent, have been tried 
 without success. 
 
 The bitten part should be completely 
 cut out, even after it has healed, if the 
 symptoms have not yet come on ; the 
 part should then be immersed in warm 
 water, or be washed with it as long as it 
 will bleed, and, after the most perse- 
 vering ablution, caustic should be ap- 
 plied to every part of the surface, and 
 then the wound covered with a poultice, 
 and suffered to heal by granulation. 
 
 No milder discipline can ensure safety. 
 
 The most energetic poisons are used therapeu- 
 tically, and often with considerable advantage. 
 They have, of course, to be administered in e.x- 
 tremely small doses, to avoid producing poi- 
 soning. 
 
 Poison, Arrotv, see Arrow poison — p. Berry 
 tree, Melia azedarach — p. Hemlock, Conium. 
 
 Poison, Italian, Liquor arsenicalis — p. Mor- 
 bid, Virus. 
 
 Poison Oak, Rhux toxicodendron — p. Root, 
 Cicuta maculata. 
 
 Poison, Sausage, Allantotoxicum — p. Vege- 
 table, Upas. 
 
 Poison Vine, Rhus radicans. 
 POISONING, Venefic"ium, Toxica'tio, Tntoxi- 
 M'tio, Entoxis'mus, Entoxicis'nnis, Pharmacei'a, 
 Malejic"ixim, Venena'tion, (F.) Empoisonnement, 
 Intoxication. The art of applying a poisonous 
 substance to any of the textures in a dose capa- 
 ble of occasioning more or less serious symp- 
 toms. Rigorously speaking, therefore, if a phy- 
 sician, in treating any case, employs a deleterious 
 medicine in a small dose, which, owing to parti- 
 cular circumstances, produces unpleasant symp- 
 toms, he may be said to have poisoned. The 
 term is, however, generally restricted to poison- 
 ing by design. 
 
 Poisoning has also been used, by a few, to de- 
 note the series of symptoms resembling those 
 produced by certain poisons, which occasionally 
 follow the use of substances that are generally 
 innoxious. Overloading the stomach with indi- 
 gestible food, has, for example, given occasion to 
 symptoms resembling those produced by a nar- 
 cotic poison, and the effect has been termed poi- 
 soning. 
 
 Secret poisoning was, at one time, practised as 
 an art. It consisted in administering medicines, 
 which should act as sloic poisons, and gradually 
 undermine the strength and life. Its agency was 
 far from being so extensive as was imagined. 
 
 POI'SONOUS. Tox'ical, Nox'iiis, (F.) Toxique, 
 VenSneux. Having the qualities of a poison. 
 
 POISONS, ACRO-NARCOTIC, P. nareotico- 
 acrid — p. Corrosive, P. acrid — p. Escharotic, P. 
 acrid — p. Irritating, P. acrid — p. Putrescent, P. 
 septic. See Poison. 
 
 POITRINAIRE, Phthisicus. 
 
 POITRINE, Thorax. 
 
 POIVRE E'EAU, Polygonum hydropiper — 
 
 p. de Guinee, Capsicum annuum — j)- d' Inde, Cap- 
 sicum annuum — p. de Jamaique, see Myrtus pi- 
 menta — ^j. Long, Piper longum — ji. de Jl/oine, 
 Vitex — p. Noir, Piper nigrum — p. Petit, Vitex — 
 2). & Queue, Piper cubeba — p. Sauvage, Vitex. 
 
 POIX BLANCHE, see Pinus abies— ;>. de 
 Bourgogne, see Pinus abies — p. Grasse, see Pinus 
 abies — p. Jaune, see Pinus abies — p. Liquide, 
 see Pinus sylvestris — p. Minerale, Pissasphaltum 
 — p. Minerale scoriacee, Asphaltum — p. JVavale, 
 see Pinus sylvestris — p. Noire, see Pinus sylves- 
 tris. 
 
 POKE, Phytolacca decandra — p. Indian, Ve- 
 ratrum viride — p. Stink, Dracontium foetidum — 
 p. Weed, Phytolacca decandra, Veratrum viride. 
 POLANIS'IA GRA'VEOLENS, Clammy weed, 
 Stinkweed, Wormweed, Clammy Mustard, False 
 mustard, from iroXus, ' many,' and aviaos, 'unequal,' 
 in reference to its stamens. An indigenous plant, 
 Ord. Capparidaceae, Sex. Syst. Dodecandria Mo- 
 nogynia, which blossoms in summer, and is found 
 in every part of North America. To the whole 
 plant have been ascribed anthelmintic properties. 
 POLAR PLANT, Silphium laciniatum. 
 POLECAT WEED, Dracontium fcetidum. 
 POLEMO'NIUM REPTANS, False Jacob'/. 
 Ladder, Greek Vale'rian, Sweat-root. Order, 
 Polemoniaceae ; indigenous, flowering in May; 
 has been used as a diaphoretic and expectorant. 
 POLENTA, Alphiton. 
 POLES. Chalazaj. 
 
 POLEY MOUNTAIN, OF CANDY, Teucrium 
 Creticum — p. Mountain of Montpelier, Teucrium 
 capitatum. 
 
 POLIA'TER, from tfoXis, 'a town,' and larpog, 
 'a physician.' A physician exercising his pro- 
 fession in a town, by the appointment of the go- 
 vernment. — Castelli. 
 
 POLICE', MED'ICAL, Polili'a med'ica. Poll- 
 tohiotherapi'a, Medici'na polit'ica, Ordo medic"i- 
 na'lis, Polit'ical med'icine, (F.) Police medicale 
 ou sanitaire. Hygienic rules established, or 
 which ought to be established, for the prevention 
 of disease, and to contribute to the progress of 
 medicine. The salubrity of districts, especially 
 during the existence of spreading disease, is 
 greatly ensured by an efficient medical police. 
 
 POLICLIN'ICA, from ttoXij, ' a town,' and 
 
 K\ivri, 'a bed.' Treatment of diseases in a town. 
 
 POLIO'SIS, Trieho'sis polio'sis, Spilo'sis poli- 
 
POLIOTES 
 
 741 
 
 POLYGALA 
 
 o'sis, PoViotes, Canit"ies, from ttoaios, ' hoary, 
 gray.' Hair prematurely gray or hoary. The 
 state of becoming gray, gray-haired, PoUot'ri- 
 chos. 
 
 POLIOTES, Poliosis. 
 POLIOTRICHOS, see Poliosis. 
 POLITIA MEDICA, Police, medical. 
 POLITOBIOTHERAPIA, Police, medical. 
 POLIUM CAPITATUM, Teucrium capitatum 
 — p. Creticum, Teucrium Creticum — p. Monta- 
 num, Teucrium capitatum. 
 POLL, Head. 
 
 POLLEN, (L.) Pollen, Pollis, TraX;?, 'dust.' 
 The fecundating dust contained in the anthers of 
 flowers, which is dispersed on the stigma. It is 
 conveyed to the ovary through the stigma by the 
 Pollen tube. Tubus 23oUin'icus, {¥.) jBot/au pol- 
 ling que. 
 
 POLLEX, genitive Pol'licis, An'ticheir, Prom'- 
 aiins, D!g"itus 2}>'iniU8 seu magnvs, Alius pollex. 
 Thumb, (Prov.) Thame, Tom-toe, from pollere, 'to 
 have much strength.' (F.) Pouce. The first of 
 the fingers in size and strength. It is asserted 
 that the term poltroon is derived from pol'lice 
 truiica'to; — the Romans who were desirous of 
 being exempted from military service being ac- 
 customed to cut off the thumb, and thus render 
 themselves unfit to handle arms. 
 Pollex. see Digitus. 
 
 PoLLEX Pedis, Hollus, Hallux. The great toe. 
 POLLINC'TOR, Po«mc7er, (L.) In antiquity, 
 an anointer, dresser, or embalmer of the dead. 
 POLLINCTURA, Embalming. 
 POLLIS, Pollen. 
 
 POLLOCK, see Oleum jecoris aselli. 
 POLLOD'IC, Po^forf'iCHs; from TToAus, 'many,' 
 and 'oiog, 'a way.' An epithet proposed by Dr. 
 Marshall Hall for a course of nervous action pro- 
 ceeding from one point, in many directions, to 
 every other. 
 
 POLLOM, LITTLE, Polygala paucifolia. 
 POLLU'TION, Pollu'tio, from polluo, polln- 
 tum, 'to profane.' The excretion of the seminal 
 liquor or sperm, or the production or orgasm in 
 male or female, at other times than during coition. 
 When occasioned by a voluntary act, it is called 
 simply Pollution or 3fasturbation, (F.) Souillure; 
 when excited during sleep, by lascivious dreams, 
 it takes the name Nocturnal ijollution, Exnneiro'- 
 Sis, Oneirog'mos, Oneirog'onos, neirogonorrhce.' a, 
 Exoneiroy'mus, Spermatoclem'mn, Spermatoclep' - 
 sis, Spermafolep'sis, Spermaiolip'sis, Gonorrhoea 
 dorrnien'tiuni seu oneirog'onos sen vera seu libidi- 
 no'sa, Pro/lu'vium sem'inis, Spermatorrhce'a, Pa- 
 ronir'ia salax, Night pollution, (F.) Pollution in- 
 volontaire. 
 
 POLLUTION INVOLONTAIRE, Pollution 
 — p. Nocturnal, Pollution — p. Self, Masturbation 
 — p. Voluntary, Masturbation. 
 
 POLONYCH'IA, Pohjonych'ia, from s-oAu?, 
 'manj',' and ovv^, ow^og, 'a nail.' The condition 
 of having supernumerary nails, — a rare congeni- 
 tal monstrosity. 
 
 POLT-FOOT, see Kyllosis. 
 FOhY, Poh/s, TToXvs, 'many, much, full.' Hence: 
 POLYACflUM TRISTE, Pelargonium triste. 
 POLY^MIA, Plethora. 
 POLY^MIG, Plethoric. 
 POLY^MICUS, Plethoric. 
 POLYANHiEMIA, Antemia. 
 POLYANHEMIE, Ansemia. 
 POLYANTH'ES TUBERO'SA, Amarneachu. 
 Ord. Liliacese. The root is cut into slips and 
 laid upon the bites of serpents by the Peruvian 
 Indians. 
 
 POLYBLEN'NIA, from poly, and /SXerva, 'mu- 
 cus.' Excessive secretion of mucus. 
 
 POLYBREPHIA, Pregnancy, complex. 
 
 POLYCARP'^, from jjo/y, and KapTrog, 'fruit' 
 A division of cutaneous diseases of the family 
 Eczematosen, of Fuchs, including Psoriasis, 
 Lichen, Herpes, and Impetigo. 
 
 POLY'CERAS, from ;jo??/, and (cfoaf, 'horn.' 
 A monstrous animal having manj' horns. — Gurlt. 
 POLYCHOL'IA, Perichol'ia, HyperchoV iu, 
 from p>oly, and x°^^' 'bile.' Superabundance of 
 bile ; such as is supposed to exist in bilious 
 fevers. 
 
 POLYCHREST'US, from poly, and XP'?'^™^' 
 'useful.' Having many virtues. An ancient 
 name for certain medicines considered to be use- 
 ful in many diseases. 
 
 POLYCilRONIUS, Chronic. 
 POLYCHY'LIA, from poly, and %uXo5, 'juice.' 
 Polychy'min. Fulness of juices. 
 
 P'OLYCHYMIA, Polyohylia — p. Sanguinea, 
 Plethora. 
 
 POLYCLIN'ICA, from j)ohj, and kXivt,, 'bed.' 
 Provided with many beds ; — - as an hospital. 
 
 POLYCOR'IA, from poly, and Kopri, 'the pu- 
 pil.' The state in which there is more than one 
 pupil. — ^'^on Ammon. 
 
 POLYCRINOSES, see Profluvium. 
 POLYCYE'SIA, Polycye'sis, from poly, and 
 Kvri^ii, 'pregnancy.' Frequent or quickly recur- 
 ring pregnancies : also, compound pregnane}'. 
 
 POLYCYTH^'MIA, from poly, KVTog, 'a cell,' 
 und'aiiia, 'blood.' A condition of the blood in 
 which there is an increase of the red corpuscles. 
 POLYDAC'TYLUS, Perissodac'tylus, from 
 poly, and ^axruXos, 'a finger.' One who has a 
 supernumerary finger or fingers, or toes. 
 
 POLYDIP'SIA, from ;w?7/, and iii-r,. 'thirst;' 
 Sitis morbo'sa seu inten'sa, Polypo'sia, IJipso'sis 
 avens. Excessive thirst, (F.) Soif excessive. A 
 constant desire for drinking, with a sense of dry- 
 ness in the mouth and throat. It is mostly symp- 
 tomatic of fever, inflammation, dropsy, excessive 
 discharges, &c., and is so much a part of diabetes, 
 that it has been called Polydipsia. 
 
 POLYG'ALA, from poly, and ya\a, 'milk;' P. 
 vulga'ris, Common Milkwort. Ord. Polygalaceae. 
 Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Octandria. The leaves are 
 bitter, and are used in the same eases as the Poly- 
 gala araara. 
 
 Polygala AirA'rtA, P. amarel'la seu vidga'ris. 
 Bitter llilkwort. A powerful hitter ; and, conse- 
 quently, tonic. Its reputed virtues are balsamic, 
 demulcent, and corroborant. The Polygala ru- 
 bel'la, or Bitter Polygala of the United States, 
 has the same virtues. 
 
 Polygala Amauella, P. amara — p. Bitter, 
 see P. amara — p. Grandiflora, P. senega. 
 
 Polyg'ala Paucipo'lia, Triclisper'ma gran- 
 diflo'ra. Dwarf Milktvort, Little Pollom, Ever- 
 green Snakeroot, (F.) Polygnle naine, possesses 
 the same properties as P. Senega. 
 
 Polyg'ala Sen'ega, P. Virginia'na seu gran- 
 diflo'ra, Sen'eka, Itattlesnalce 3filkicort, Senega 
 or Pattlesiiake root, (F.) Polygale de Virginie OU 
 de Senel-a. The bark is the active part of the 
 root. Senega (Ph. U. S.). Its taste is at first 
 acrid, and afterwards very hot and pungent. It 
 was once esteemed to be specific against the poi- 
 son of the rattlesnake and in pleurisy, pneumo- 
 nia, Ac, after the inflammatory action had been 
 got under. It has been given also in humoral 
 asthma, chronic rheumatism, dropsy, croup, amen- 
 orrhoea, &c. According to Peschier, it contains 
 three particular principles, Polyg'aline or Sen'e- 
 gine, Isol'itsine, and Polyg'alic Acid. Dose, gr. 
 30 to 40 of the powder. 
 
 Polygala Serpenta'ria. A shrub of Caffra- 
 ria, the root of which is considered by the natives 
 as a sure antidote against the bites of venomous 
 serpents. 
 
POLYGALACTIA 
 
 742 
 
 POLYPODIUM 
 
 PoLYGALA ViRGiNiANA, P. senega — p. Vulga- 
 ris P. araara. 
 
 POLYGALACTIA, Pohjga'lia, from poly, and 
 ya\a, yaXaKTus, 'milk.' Superabundant secretion 
 of milk ; galactia. 
 
 POLYGALE NAINE, Polygala paucifolia — 
 p. de Virginie, Polygala Virginiana. 
 POLYGALIA, Polygalactia. 
 POLYGALINE, see Polygala senega. 
 POLYGONATUM, Convallaria polygonatum 
 — p. Anceps, Convallaria polygonatum — p. Cani- 
 culatum, Convallaria canaliculata — p. Latifolium, 
 Convallaria canaliculata — p. Multiflorum, Con- 
 vallaria multiflora — p. Pubescens, Convallaria 
 pubescens — p. Uniflorum, Convallaria polygona- 
 tum — p. Vulgare, Convallaria polygonatum. 
 
 POLYG'ONUM, P. avieula're, from jmly, and 
 yovv, 'a knee or joint.' P. centino'dium sou erec'- 
 tum, Centino' dia, Centumno'dia, Sanguina'lis Cor- 
 rig"iola, Sanguina'ria, Kvotgrass, Knotweed, 
 Bindweed, Doorweed, (F.) MenouSe, Trainasse, 
 Gentinode. Ord. Polygonaceae. Sex. Syst. Oc- 
 tandria Trigynia. This grass is said to be a 
 feeble astringent. 
 
 Polygonum Acre, P. hydropiper. 
 Polygonum Amphib'ium, P. coccin'eum, Water 
 Peraica'ria, of Europe and this country. Tiie 
 roots have been used like sarsaparilla, especially 
 in diseases of the skin. 
 
 Polygonum Bistor'ta, P. histortoVdes, Bistor- 
 ta, Coluhri'na, Offic"inal Bistort, Great Bistort or 
 Snakeiveed, {¥.) Bistorte, Couleuvriiie, Serpentaire 
 rouge. The root is a powerful astringent and 
 tonic; and, as such, has been used in internal 
 hemorrhage, atonic diarrhoea, ague, <fcc. Dose, 
 gr. XV to 3j. 
 
 Polygonum Bistortoides, P. bistorta — p. Cen- 
 tinodium. P. aviculare. 
 
 Polygonum Coccineum, P. amphibinm. 
 Polygonum Divarica'tum ; Eastern BucJr- 
 wheat plant. The roots, reduced to a coarse meal, 
 are said to be much used as an article of diet by 
 the Siberians. 
 
 Polygonum Erectum, P. aviculare. 
 Polygonum Fagop'yrum, Fagop'ymm, F. 
 esctdent'um, Trit'icum Fagi'num, Buckwheat, (F.) 
 Sarrasin, BIS noir. The grain of this plant con- 
 stitutes a principal article of food with the inha- 
 bitants of Kussia, German}', and Switzerland. It 
 is much used in the United States. 
 
 Polygonum Hydrop'iper, P. acre seu hydro- 
 pipero'ides (Pursh) seu puncta'tum, Ifi/drojj'iper, 
 Persica'ria nrens, 31ercu' rius terres'tris, Poor 
 Man's Pepper, Biting Arse-smart, Smartweed, 
 Lakeweed, Water-pepper, (F.) Poivre d'eaii, Per- 
 sicaire poivree ou brtklante ou acre, Pirnent d'eau, 
 Ourage, Renouee acre. The leaves of this plant 
 have an acrid, burning taste, and resemble those 
 of the arum. They have been recommended as 
 possessing antiseptic, aperient, and diuretic vir- 
 tues. The fresh leaves have been applied exter- 
 nally as a stimulating cataplasm. 
 
 Polygonum HydropiperoIdes, P. Hydropiper, 
 P. punctatum. Polygonum hydropipero'ides of 
 Michaux, mild waterpijier j indigenous; has no 
 acrid properties. 
 
 Polygonum Persica'ria, Pe>-s?'c«r?a, P. minor 
 seu mitis, Plnmha'go, Lady's Thnmh, Heart's ease, 
 (Prov.) Redshanks, (F.) Persicaire douce. This 
 plant is said to possess vulnerary and antiseptic 
 qualities. It has been given in wine to arrest 
 gangrene. 
 
 Polygonum Puncta'tum, P. hydropiperoi'des, 
 Water jjepper of America, Smartweed, possesses 
 similar properties to Polygonum hydropiper, and 
 js occasionally used internally in gravel, and ex- 
 ternally in chronic ulcers. A fluidrachm of the 
 saturated tincture has been extolled in amenor- 
 rhcea. See Polygonum hydropiper. 
 
 Polyg'onum Virginia'num, Wand-spiked Per- 
 sica'ria, Virgin'ia Bistort; indigenous; is astrin- 
 gent, diuretic, and tonic. 
 
 POLYGROMA, Staphyloma. 
 
 POLYHI'DRIA, Polyi'dria, Pohjidro'sis, from 
 poly, and 'ibptaq, 'sweat.' Excessive sweating. 
 
 POLYHYDRIA, Hydrops. 
 
 POLYHYPERH^MIA, Plethora. 
 
 POLYIDRIA, Polyhidria. 
 
 POLYIDROSIS, Polyhidria. 
 
 POLYLYMPHIA, Anasarca. 
 
 POLYMASTH'US, Pleiomas'thus, from poly, 
 and /<acr-&05, ' breast.' A monster having several 
 breasts.-^— Gurlt. The condition has been called 
 Polyma'zia, Pleioma'zia, and Pleoma'zia. 
 
 POLYMAZIA, see Polymasthus. 
 
 POLYMEL'IAN, (F.) Polymelien, from poly, 
 and jxiKoi, 'a limb.' An epithet given to monsters 
 characterized by the insertion, in a well formed 
 subject, of one or more accessory limbs, accom- 
 panied, at times, by the rudiments of certain 
 other parts. — I. G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 POLYMERIA, Polymerismus — p. Promiscua 
 translativa. Transposition of the viscera. 
 
 POLYMERIS'MUS, Polywer'ia, from poly, 
 and iJtpog, 'apart.' A monstrosity, which con- 
 sists in the existence of supernumerary organs; 
 as a sixth finger of the hand. 
 
 POLYNEURON, Plantago. 
 
 POLYONYCHIA, Polonychia. 
 
 POLYOP'SIA, PoVyopy, from poly, and oi^n, 
 'sight.' Vision is so called, when multiple or 
 manifold. 
 
 POLYOPY, Polyopsia. 
 
 POLYOREX'IA, from poly, and opi\i%, 'appe- 
 tite.' Excessive appetite or hunger. A genus 
 in the Gastroses of M. Alibert. 
 
 POLYPE'RIA, from poly, and njipai, 'muti- 
 lated.' Congenital misconstruction of various 
 parts or organs. — Good. 
 
 POLYPHA'GIA, Multivoran'tin, from poly, 
 and (payu), ' I eat.' Voracity. Faculty of eat- 
 ing or subsisting on many kinds of food. See 
 Boulimia. 
 
 POLYPH'AGOUS, Polyph'agus, 3Tuliiv'orons, 
 (F.) Polyphage. Relating or appertaining to 
 polyphagia. 
 
 POLYPHARMACFA, Polypharm'acy ,- from 
 poly, and tpapjianov, 'a medicine.' The prescrib- 
 ing of too manj' medicines. A prescription, con- 
 sisting of a number of medicines ; hence the name 
 Polyphar'macns, (F.) Polypharmaque, given to 
 one who is in the habit of prescribing a number 
 of medicines, and whose prescriptions are loaded 
 with ingredients. The term is taken in bad 
 part. 
 
 POLYPHARMAQUE, see Polypharmacia. 
 
 POLYPHYSIA, Flatulence. 
 
 POLYPIFORM CONCRETIONS, see Polypus. 
 
 POLYPIONIA, see Polysareia — p. Infantum, 
 see Polysareia. 
 
 POLYPIOSIS, see Polysareia. 
 
 POLYPLAS'TIC, Polyplas'ticns, from poly, 
 and TrAao-ffw, ' I form.' That which has many 
 shapes. 
 
 PoLYPLASTic Element, in histology, is one 
 which does not retain its primary shape; but un- 
 dergoes transformation into others. — Gerber. 
 
 POLYPODPTES. Wine impregnated with 
 polypody. 
 
 POLYPO'DIUM, P. Vulga're seu Virginia'- 
 num seu pinnatif'idum, Filic'ula dulcis. Common 
 Pol'ypody, Fern root, Rock Brake, Brake root, 
 (F.) Fougere douce. Ord. Filices. From poly, 
 and Touf, TToioi, 'a foot,' owing to its many roots. 
 This fern grows in the clefts of rocks, walls, &c., 
 in both hemispheres. It was formerly regarded as 
 
POLYPODY 
 
 .74; 
 
 POLYSTOMA PINGUICOLA 
 
 a eholagogue, and was given in head diseases. It 
 is not used now. 
 
 PoLYPODiuM Adiantiforme, seo Calagualae 
 radix — p. Ammifolium, see Calagualae radix 
 — p. Argenteum, see Calagualas radix — p. Ceta- 
 reecinuLa, P. incanum — p. Calaguala, Calagualse 
 radix — p. Coriaceum, see Calagualae radix — p. 
 DentatuiQ, Asplenium filix foemina — p. Pilix 
 fcemina, Asplenium filix foemina. 
 
 Polypo'dium Filix Mas, Aspid'ium sen Athyr'- 
 iiiin sen Nephro' diimi seu PoJys'ticiim Filix 3fas, 
 A. dcpas'tum seu ero'sum, Filix pitina'ta, Pteris, 
 Blechnon, Polyrrhi'zon, Blancnon Oriba'sii, Lon- 
 chi'tis, Filic'nla, Filix 3Ja9, F. non ramo'sn den- 
 ta'ta, Nephro'dium crenatum, Polys' ti cum callip'- 
 teris, Male Polypody or Fern, (F.) Foiigere male. 
 The rhizoma of this plant, Filix Mas, Ph. U. S., 
 has been much extolled as an anthelmintic, and 
 in cases of taenia. It was the basis of a once 
 celebrated remedy — 3Iadame Noxiffer's — but, per- 
 haps, more of the efiBcacy was to be attributed to 
 the active purgatives by which it was followed 
 than to the fern. Dose, ^U to 3''j of the pow- 
 dered solid part of the root ; followed in the morn- 
 ing by a strong cathartic of camboge or jalap. 
 An ethereal extract has been proposed by Dr. 
 Peschier, of Geneva. 
 
 Polypo'dium Inca'num, P. cetarcB' cinum, 
 Aeros'ticlium polypodio'ides, Pol' ypody. Rock 
 Brake; indigenous; has been considered demul- 
 cent, cathartic and anthelmintic. 
 
 PoLYPODiuM Incisum, Asplcnium filix foemina 
 — p. Molle, Asplenium filix foemina — p. Pennati- 
 fidum, P. vulgare — p. Politum, see Calagualae 
 radix — p. Trifidum, Asplenium filix foemina — p. 
 Virginianum, P. vulgare — p. Vulgare, Polypo- 
 dium. 
 
 POLYPODY, Polypodium incanum — p. Com- 
 mon, Polypodium vulgare — p. Male, Polypodium 
 filix mas. 
 
 POL'YPOID, Polypoi'des ; from j^olypus, and 
 uboi, ' form.' Having the shape of, or resembling, 
 a polypus. 
 
 POLYPORUS IGNIARIUS, Boletus igniarius 
 — p. Officinalis, Boletus laricis. 
 
 POLYPO'SIA, TTo'SvTtoaia, from pioly, and -arm, 
 ' drink.' Great thirst — desire for drink. Poly- 
 dipsia. 
 
 POL'YPOTOME, Polypot'omus, Polypus knife, 
 from polypus, and rc^vttv, 'to cut.' An instru- 
 ment for the removal of polypus by excision. 
 
 POL'YPOUS, Polypo'siis : same etymon as the 
 next. Relating, or belonging to, or resembling 
 polypus. 
 
 POL'YPUS, Pseiidometamorpho'sis 2}<'lypo's^>> 
 from TToXuf, 'many,' and tov;, Troioi, 'afoot.' A 
 name given to tumours, which occur in mucous 
 membranes especially ; and which have been com- 
 pared to certain zoophytes. Polypi may form on 
 every mucous membrane. They are most com- 
 monly observed in the nasal fossse, pharynx, and 
 uterus; more rarely in the stomach, intestines, 
 bronchial tubes, bladder, and meatus auditorius 
 externus. They vary much in size, number, 
 mode of adhesion, and intimate nature. Accord- 
 ingly, they have received various appellations ; 
 mucous, soft, vesic'ular, when their substance has 
 been soft, spongy, vesicular, and, as it were, gorged 
 with iluid. Others have been called hard ; and 
 these have been distinguished into Jibrons or 
 fleshy, and into scirrhous or caticerous. Fibrous 
 polypi, Pol'ypi fibro'si, luopol'ypi, are of a dense, 
 compact texture, and whitish colour. They con- 
 tain few vessels, and do not degenerate into can- 
 cer. The scirrhous or carcinom'utous are true 
 cancerous tumours, painful and bleeding. They 
 present all the pathological changes which belong 
 to cancerous affections, and the prognosis is of 
 course unfavourable. 
 
 The mode of treating polypi must differ ac- 
 cording to their character. The means used to 
 destroy them have been, 1. To subject them to 
 the action of certain astringent powders or solu- 
 tions, to obtain their resolution. 2. Cauterization 
 or the application of the actual cautery or caus- 
 tics. 3. Excision or ablation with a cutting in- 
 strument, i. Extirpation with the fingers or with 
 the polypus forceps. 5. A ligature, put round 
 them so as to prevent their nutrition. A seton 
 has, also, been sometimes used to gradually de- 
 stroy the pedicle. 
 
 The term Polypi, Pseudopol'ypi, Cardi'tis po- 
 lypo'sa, Pol'ypiform Concre'tions, {¥.) Concretions 
 polypeuses ou polypiformes ou sanguines du Coetir, 
 Heinocardioplasties, (Piorry,) has likewise been 
 applied to collections of blood — fibrinous concre- 
 tions — found in the heart or great vessels after 
 dissolution. These were once, erroneously, re- 
 garded as morbid. The presence of these con- 
 cretions maybe suspected, when in the course of 
 an acute or chronic affection of the heart, or at 
 the close of chronic diseases in general — especially 
 those of the lungs — the heart's action becomes 
 suddenly tumultuous, obscure, and accompanied 
 with a soft bellows' murmur, whilst the general 
 symptoms indicate the effects of obstructed circu- 
 lation. The right cavities are most frequently 
 affected. 
 
 Pol'ypus 'R'RO'SsCBlA''L\&,Bronchlemmi'tis,Bron- 
 chi'tis membrana'cea seu exsudati'va seu croupo'- 
 sa, B. plastic, Bronchial Croup, Chronic Croup [?], 
 Pseudo-mem' branous Bronchitis, (F.) Bronchite 
 pseudo-membraneuse. A membraniform secretion 
 in the bronchial tubes of a diphtheritic character, 
 having the shape, when unexpectorated, of the 
 bronchia. It is the result of inflammation of the 
 lining membrane of those tubes. 
 
 Polypus Carnosus, Sarcoma — p. Fibrosus, see 
 Polypus — p. Uteri, Metropolypus. 
 
 POLYBRHIZON, Polypodium filix mas. 
 POLYRRHOilA, Profluvium. 
 POLYSAR'CIA, Poly sarco' sis, from jjoJij, and 
 o-apl, aapKog, 'flesh.' Carnos'itas, Polysoma'tia, 
 Adelipa'ria, Corpulen'tia, Steati'tes. Excessive 
 corpulency. Authors have distinguished two 
 varieties of this : — Polysarcia Carno'sa, Gor'- 
 pulency, and P. Adipo'sa, Polypio'nia, Polypio'- 
 sis, Pimelo'sis nim'ia, Puchys'iniis, Pachyn'sis, 
 Obes'itas, Hyperpim'ele, Lipa'ria, Adipo'sis, 
 Polysar'eia fagino' sa, Empyme'lium polysar'- 
 cia, Baryso'mia, Burysomat'iea, Lipo'sis, Li- 
 par'otes, Lipas'ma, Pinguitu'do, Pin'guitude, 
 Obes'ity, (F.) Obesite, Embonpoint excessif. A 
 severe regimen and exercise are the best preven- 
 tives. Children are occasionally met with of 
 unusual fatness, in spite of every care. This 
 morbid disposition has been termed Polypio'nia 
 infan'tum, and Chloro'sis gigante'a. 
 
 Polysarcia Viscerum, Physconia adiposa. 
 POLYSARCOSIS, Polysarcia. 
 POLYSCEL'IA, irom. poly, and uKtXos, 'a leg.' 
 A monstrosity, characterized by the presence of 
 one or more supernumerary legs. 
 
 POLYSIA'LIA, from poly, and aiakov, 'saliva.' 
 Excessive discharge of saliva. 
 POLYSOMATIA, Polysarcia. 
 POLYSO'MIA, from poly, and aiaixa, 'body.' 
 A monstrosity characterized by the existence of 
 more bodies than one. 
 
 POLYSPAS'TON, from poly, and anau, 'I 
 draw.' A powerful instrument for reducing luxa- 
 tions. — Gorrasus. 
 
 POLYSPER'MIA, from poly, and c-rrtpfxa, 
 'sperm.' Richness or fulness of sperm. 
 
 POLYSTICUM CALLIPTERIS, Polypodium 
 filix mas — p. Filix Mas, Polypodium filix mas. 
 
 POLYSTOMA PINGUICOLA, see Worms — 
 p. Venarum, see Worms. 
 
POLTTRIC 
 
 744 
 
 POPLITEAD 
 
 POLYTRIG, Asplenium trichomanoides. 
 
 POLYTRICHIA, see Polytrichus. 
 
 POLYT'RICIIUM, from |?o??/, and -Spif, rpix"?- 
 'hair,' P. vulga're, Polyt'ricon, Adian'tum au' - 
 reum, Golden Ilaiden-hair, (F.) Pevce-mousse. 
 Ord. Musci. It is possessed of astringent pro- 
 perties, and was formerly given in diseases of the 
 lungs, and in calculous affections. 
 
 PoLYTKiCHUM CoMMONE, Asplcnium tricho- 
 manoides. 
 
 PoLYTRiCHUM Juniperi'num, Haircap moss, 
 Rohhin's Rye, common in New England, is said 
 to possess powerful diuretic properties. 
 
 POLYT'RICHUS; same etymon as Pohjtri- 
 cJiitm. Very hairy. One that has much hair. 
 The condition is termed Polytrichia ; although 
 this term is, at times, employed for the growth 
 of hair on parts not usually having it. 
 
 POLYTROPiriA, from poly, and rpe^u, 'I 
 nourish.' Abundant or e-xcessive nutrition. 
 
 POLYURESIS, Diabetes. 
 
 POLYURIA, Diabetes. 
 
 POLYU'RICUS, from poly, and oupov, 'urine.' 
 Sauvages calls — Ischu'ria polyu'rica — a kind of 
 ischuria, caused by accumulation of urine in the 
 bladder. 
 
 POMA, Drink — p. Chinensia, see Citrus au- 
 rantium. 
 
 POMACEUM, Cider. 
 
 POMA'TUM, Pomma' turn, from poma, 'apples,' 
 ■which formerly entered into its composition. (F.) 
 Pommade, Lipcirole, Stearole. A pharmaceutical 
 preparation, employed only externally, which dif- 
 fers but little from an ointment, except in having 
 generally less consistence. It is usually scented 
 and coloured to render it more agreeable. Apples 
 formerly entered into the composition of the po- 
 matum ; hence its name. 
 
 Common Pomatum is made of lard, 12ft)s; suet, 
 41bs,' essence, ^viij. 
 
 Pomatum ad Labia Demulcenda. Cerate for 
 the lips — p. Epispasticum flavum, Unguentum 
 lyttse medicatum aliud — p. Epispasticum viride, 
 &c., Unguentum lytt^ medicatum — p. for the 
 Lips, Cerate for the lips — p. Nitricum seu oxyge- 
 natum, Unguentum acidi nitrosi — p. Batumi, 
 Unguentum plumbi superacetatis. 
 
 POMBALEA IPECACUANHA, see Ipecacu- 
 anha. 
 
 POMEGRANATE, Puniea granatum. 
 
 POMILIUS. see Nanus. 
 
 POMMADE, Pomatum— 7^. d'Alyon, Unguen- 
 tum acidi nitrosi — p. Antipsorique de Jasser, Un- 
 guentum sulphuris compositum — p)- d'Autenrieth, 
 Unguentum antimonii tartarizati — ]). de Cyrillo, 
 Unguentum muriatis hydrargyri oxygenato me- 
 dicatum — p. Ppispastique janne, Unguentum 
 lyttse medicatum aliud — p. Epispastiqae verte, 
 Unguentum lytt« medicatum — p. de Garou, Un- 
 guentum epispasticum de daphne gnidio. 
 
 POMMADE DE GONDRET, P. ammoniacale 
 de Gondret (F.), Gondret's Counterirritaiit, Gon- 
 dret's ammoniacal Caustic, (Liq. ammon. p. ij ; 
 Sevi, p. j ; 01. amygdal. p. j ; M.) Used to excite 
 a speedy revulsion in cases of chronic affections 
 of the brain, incipient cataract, amaurosis, Ac, as 
 well as to cauterize the integuments deeply. 
 
 The above formula, is that of the French Co- 
 dex, but, according to M. Trousseau, it is much 
 too hard for use, unless the weather is warm. 
 He proposes two formula, one for summer, the 
 other for winter. In the /orn(er he directs three 
 parts of lard, one of suet, and four of liquor am- 
 monim ; in the latter, equal parts of lard and 
 liquor ammonicp-. ^ 
 
 POMMADE POUR LES LEVRES, Cerate 
 for the lips — p. Ophthalmique (Regent's.) Unguen- 
 tum ophthalmicum — p. Oxygenee, Unguentum 
 
 acidi nitrosi — p. Stihiee, Unguentum antimonii 
 tartarizati. 
 
 P0M3IE, see Pyrus malus — p. d'Adam, Po- 
 mum Adami — p)- d' Amour, Solanum lyeopersicum 
 — p. Epineuse, Datura stramonium — p. de Mer- 
 veille, Momordica balsamica — p. Mousscuse, Be- 
 degar — p. de Terre, Solanum tuberosum. 
 
 POMMES HEMORRHOiDALES, see Vis- 
 cum album. 
 
 POMMETTE, see Mala os. 
 
 POMMIER, Pyrus malus. 
 
 P03IPE POUR L'ESTOMAC, Stomach 
 pump. 
 
 POMPHOLYGE'RON, Troij0oXvyvpov, from 
 TTon^oXiiyoo), 'to raise blisters.' The name of a 
 plaster employed by the ancients. — Castelli. 
 
 POMPH'OLYX, from ,:oix,pos, 'a bladder.' A 
 small vesicle on the skin. An eruption of bullcB 
 or hlehs, appearing without any inflammation 
 around them, and without fever. It is the Ec- 
 phlysis Pompholyx of Good. See Pemphigus. 
 
 PoMPHOLYX, Tutia, Zinci oxydum. 
 
 POMPHUS, AVheal. 
 
 POMPION, Cucurbita pepo. 
 
 POMUM ADA'MI, Eminen'tia tJiyreoidea, (F.) 
 Pomme d'Adam, Adam's Apple. The projection 
 formed by the thyroid cartilage in the neck — of 
 males particularly. It is so called from a notion 
 that it was caused by the apple sticking in the 
 throat of our first parent. 
 
 PoMUM Amoris, Testicle — p. Hierosolymitanura, 
 Momordica balsamina — p. Melongena, see Sola- 
 num melongena — p. Mirabile, Momordica Bal- 
 samina — p. Spinosum, Datura stramonium. 
 
 PONOTION, Puncturing. 
 
 POND SHOVEL, Unisema deltifolia. 
 
 PONDERA ET MENSUR^, Weights and 
 measures. 
 
 PONDUS, Pudibilia — p. Pharmaceuticum, see 
 Weights and measures. 
 
 PONGITIF, Pungent. 
 
 PONS CEREBELLI, Pons Varolii— p. He- 
 patis, see Lobulus anonymus — p. Sylvii, Quad- 
 rigemina Tubercula — p. Tarini, Tarini pons. 
 
 Pons Varo'lit, P. Cerehel'li. Corpus annula're, 
 Proces'sus annularis, Prominen'tia annula'ris 
 cer'ehri, Eminen'tia annularis, Nodus enceph'ali 
 seu Cer'ehri, Protuheran'tia basila'ris, Protuber- 
 an'tia annula'ris Willis'ii, Varo'li's bridge, Cer'e- 
 bral protu'berance, (F.) Protuberance cerehrale ou 
 annulaire, Mesencephale, Mesocephale, Pont de 
 Varole, Annular protuberance. An eminence at 
 the upper part of the medulla oblongata, first de- 
 scribed bj' Varolius. It is formed by the union 
 of the crura cerebri and crura cerebelli. 
 
 Pons Zygomaticus, Zygomatic arch. 
 
 PONT BE 7ARIN,'Tanm pons—;?, de Va- 
 role, Pons Varolii. 
 
 PONTE, see Parturition — p. Periodique, see 
 Parturition. 
 
 PONTEDERIACORDATA,Unisemadeltifolia. 
 
 PONTICUM ABSINTHIUM, Artemisia Pon- 
 tica. 
 
 POOK, Abdomen. 
 
 POPLAR, AMERICAN, Liriodendron — p. 
 Balm of Gilead, Populus Candieans — p. Black, 
 Populus — p. Tree, Liriodendron — p. Tulip-bear- 
 ing, Liriodendron. 
 
 POPLES, Gare'tum, Garretum, Ignys, Tg'nye, 
 Suffra'go, Fossa, genu. Fossa poplitcB'a, the Ham, 
 Hough, Hoff, Hock, (F.) Jarret, from post, and 
 plico, 'I fold.' The posterior part of the knee 
 joint. The ham forms what is called the pop 
 liteal region or space. 
 
 POPLESY, Apoplexy. 
 
 POPLIT^US, Popliteal muscle. 
 
 POP LITE, Poplitfeus muscle. 
 
 POPLITEAD, see Popliteal aspect. 
 
POPLITIC 
 
 7 45 
 
 PORPHYRY 
 
 PoPLITe'aL, PopVtlfB'xis, PopUt'ic, (F.) Popliti, 
 from poples, 'the ham.' That which relates to 
 the ham. A name given to various parts. 
 
 Popliteal Artery — Popliteal portion of the 
 crural, — (Ch.), is really a continuation of the 
 femoral, which changes its name on passing 
 through the adductor magnus muscle. It de- 
 scends a little obliquely outwards into the hollow 
 of the ham, and extends from the commencement 
 of the lower third of the thigh to the end of the 
 upper quarter of the leg, where it terminates by 
 dividing into the posterior tibial and peroneal 
 arteries. In the ham, it gives off the throe xupe- 
 rior articular arteries ; and, at the top of the leg, 
 the arteries of the gemini muscles or getnini 
 branches, (F.) branches jumelles, the two inferior 
 articular arteries, and the tibialis untica. 
 
 Popliteal Aspect. An aspect towards the 
 side on which the poples or ham is situated. 
 (Barclay.) Popilite'ad is used by the same writer 
 adverbially, and signifies 'towards the popliteal 
 aspect.' 
 
 Popliteal Fossa, Poples. 
 
 Poplite'al Glands, Glan'dula poplita'm. 
 Lymphatic glands, four in number, seated in the 
 popliteal region or space. 
 
 Popliteal Muscle, Pop?i7(s'»s Muscle, Subpop- 
 h'tCBUS, (F.) Muscle jyoplite, Muscle Jarretier, Fe- 
 vioro-popliti-tibial, (Ch.), is seated in the pop- 
 liteal region. It is triangular, long, flat; and is 
 inserted, on the one hand, by means of a strong 
 tendon, into the tuberosity at the outer condyle 
 of the femur, terminating below at the upper part 
 of the posterior surface of the tibia. This muscle 
 bends the leg on the thigh, and, reciprocally, the 
 thigh on the leg. When the leg is bent, it causes 
 it to turn, in rotation, inwards. 
 
 Popliteal Nerves. They result from the 
 bifurcation of the sciatic, and are two in number, 
 viz. 1. The external popliteal, Peroneal nerve, 
 Uranchc peroniere, (Ch.) It is smaller than the 
 internal; turns to the outside of the fibula at the 
 upper part of the leg, and divides into the wn/s- 
 calo-cutaneous branch, nerf pretibio-digital, (Ch.) 
 and the anterior tibial, nerf jiretibio-susphalanije- 
 taire, (Ch.) 2. The inter'nal poplite'al nerve, 
 Branche tibiale (Ch.), which is larger than the 
 other, and seems to be the real continuation of 
 the sciatic nerve. It descends vertically into the 
 hollow of the ham ; and passes beneath the apo- 
 neurotic arch of the Solaris muscle, beyond which 
 it takes the name tibial nerve. It furnishes 
 the external saphena nerve, and a number of 
 branches, that are distributed to the posterior 
 muscles of the leg. It then passes to the sole of 
 the foot to be divided into two branches, called 
 Plantar nerves. 
 
 Popliteal Kegion, Poples — p. Space, Poples. 
 
 Popliteal Vein has the same arrangement as 
 the artery behind which it is situate. 
 
 POPLITIC, Popliteal. 
 
 POPONAX, see Pastinaca opoponax. 
 
 POPPY, CELANDINE. Stylophorum diphyl- 
 lum — p. Corn, red, Papaver rhoeas. 
 
 Poppy Heads, see Papaver. 
 
 Poppy, Horn, Stylophorum diphyllum. 
 
 Poppy Juice, Meconium — p. Pill, Opium. 
 
 Poppy, Pp.iCKLy, Argemone Mexicana — p. 
 Spoiling, Cucurbalus Behen — p. Thorn, Arge- 
 mone Mexicana — p. White, Papaver — p. White, 
 capsule, see Papaver. 
 
 POP'ULUS, P. nigra, ^gei'ros, Achero'is, 
 Black poplar, (F.) Penplier, P. noir ou franc. 
 The young buds, och?; or rudiments of the leaves, 
 which appear in the beginning of spring, were 
 formerly used in an ofiicinal ointment — the uti- 
 r/ueii'tum popule' uni. It was, also, recommended 
 in chronic affections of the lungs. 
 
 The bark of Pop'ulus Tremulo'i' des, American 
 
 aspen, of P. Trem'ula seu pen'dula, European 
 o«^jei),andof PoPULUS Can'dicans, Balm of Gilead 
 Pojilar, is antiperiodic, and furnishes salicin and 
 popiulin, in which the properties probably reside. 
 
 PopuLUS Balsamifera, see Fagara ootandra — 
 p. Candicans, see Populus — p. Pendula, P. tremula 
 — p. Tacamahaca, see Fagara octandra — p. Tre- 
 mula, see Populus — p. Tremuloides, see Populus. 
 
 PORCELAINE, Essera, Urticaria. 
 
 PORCELET, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 PORCELIA TRILOBA, see Cariea papaya. 
 
 PORCELLIO. Oniscus. 
 
 PORCELLUS, Oniscus. 
 
 PORCULUS, Oniscus. 
 
 PORCUPINE DISEASE, Ichthyosis. 
 
 Porcupine Mrs, Echinoder'mi. Persons have 
 been so called in whom the cuticle is produced in 
 the form of pointed prolongations, as if it hau 
 been moulded on the papillae, like the shorter and 
 blunter quills of the porcupine. 
 
 PORCUS, Vulva. 
 
 PORDE, Crepitation. 
 
 PORE, Poms, In'terstice, TTopo;, 'a passage.' 
 Anatomists have given this name to the openings 
 at the extremities of vessels at the surface of dif- 
 ferent membranes. Exhalant Pores have been 
 supposed to exist in the exhalants, to transmit 
 the fluids exhaled. — Absorbent Pores are em- 
 ployed in taking up parts that have to enter the 
 circulation. Pores exist in the cuticle ; 3'et Hum- 
 boldt, with a powerful magnifying-glass, was un- 
 able to observe them. The pores of the skin 
 have also been called spira'cula. 
 
 POREBLIND, Myopic. 
 
 PORED MILK, Colostrum. 
 
 PORI BILIA'RII,Z)i(c«!(s bilia'riisen bilif'eri, 
 Canalic' uli hilif'eri, Siir'cnli fell'ei. Ducts whicb 
 receive the bile from the penicilli of the liver, and 
 convey it to the hepatic duct. 
 
 PoRl Cuta'nei, p. E.chulan'tes seu Sndorif'eri 
 seu liesorben'tes, Mea'tus cuticula'res. The pores 
 of the skin. 
 
 PoRi Exhalantes, p. cutanei — p. Pulmonum, 
 Cellules, bronchie — p. Resorbentes, P. cutanei — 
 p. Sudoriferi, P. cutanei. 
 
 PORNOG'R API! Y, Pomograph'ia ; from itopvtj, 
 ' a prostitute,' and Ypa(p(i), ' I describe.' A descrip- 
 tion of prostitutes or of prostitution, as a matter 
 of public hygiene. 
 
 POROCE'LE, from viopo;, 'callus,' and Kri\ii, 
 'a tumour.' A hard tumour of the testicle or its 
 envelopes. 
 
 POROMA, Induration. 
 
 POROMPHALOCELE, Pororaphalon. 
 
 POROM'PHALON, Poromph'ahis, Porompha- 
 loee'le, from Trwpos, 'hard,' and o/KpaXog, 'the 
 navel.' Umbilical hernia with hard and thick- 
 ened parietes. 
 
 POROS, Canal. 
 
 POROSIS, Chalaza, Induration. 
 
 POROT'IC, Porot'icus, (F.) Porotiqne, from 
 TTupof, 'callus.' A remedy believed to be capable 
 of assisting the formation of callus. 
 
 PORPHYRA, Purpura — p. Grtecorum, Pe- 
 teehia3 — p. Hsemorrhagica, Purpura hemorrha- 
 gica — p. Laciniata, Ulva umbilicalis=— p. Umbili- 
 calis, Ulva umbilicalis. 
 
 PORPHYRISMA, Scarlatina. 
 
 PORPHYRISMUS. Scarlatina. 
 
 PORPHYRIZATION, Leviaation. 
 
 PORPHYROTYPHUS, see Typhus. 
 
 PORPHYRU'RIA, Porphyu'ria ; from nop4,x,pa, 
 ' purple,' and ovpov, ' urine.' A state of the urine 
 — pnr'piiric urine — in which it deposits the re- 
 markable colouring matter — Pur'purine, Urro'- 
 aacine, Rosac'ic acid, Uroer'ythrin, Uro'rhodine, 
 TJr'rhodine — in association with urate of am- 
 monia. 
 
 POR'PHYRY, Porphyri'tes, from Tup^vga, 
 
PORPHYURIA 
 
 746 
 
 PORTA 
 
 'purple.' A species of very hard, compound 
 rook, susceptible of considerable polish, and used 
 in the fabrication of mortars and slabs for the 
 apothecary. 
 
 Porphyry, Black, Ophites. 
 PORPHYURIA, Porphyruria. 
 FOB RACE, Porraeeous. 
 
 PORRA'CEOUS, Porra'ceus, Pra'sinus, from 
 pon-iim, 'a. leek.' (F.) Porrace. Having the 
 green colour of the leek. An epithet given to 
 certain excreted matters, — the sputa, bile and 
 fieces particularly. 
 
 PORREAU, Allium porrum. 
 PORRBCTUM, Lever. 
 PORRET, Allium porrum. 
 PORRIDGE, ATHOL, see Mahogany. 
 PORRIOINE, Porrigo favosa. 
 PORRIGINEUX, Porriginous. 
 PORRIGINOSUS, Porriginous. 
 PORRIG"INOUS, Porrigino'sus, (F.) Porri- 
 ginenx. Appertaining to porrigo. 
 
 PORRI'GO (L.), 'scurf or scall in the head.' 
 Tin'ea, Fainis, Furftira'ti'o, Far'fares, Ecpye'sis 
 seu Phlysis porrigo, Trichono'sis, Scalled head 
 in general, Scallard; from porrigere, ' to spread.' 
 (F.) Teigne, Rache. Some of the varieties are 
 contagious. It is principally characterized by an 
 eruption of the pustules, called favi and achores, 
 unaccompanied by fever. 
 
 PoR,RiGO CoNPERTA, P. scutulata. 
 Porrigo Decal'vans, Tricho'sis a'rea, Area, 
 Alope'cia area'ta seu parti'a'lis seu circumscrip'ta, 
 Phytoalope'cia, Trichono'sis furfura'cea, Tyr'ia, 
 Tyro'ma, Ophi'asis, Tin'ea tondens, Herpens ton- 
 sn'rans, Squarra tondens, Limited or partial Bald- 
 ness, consists of patches of baldness without 
 decay or change of colour in the surrounding 
 hair, the exposed parts of the scalp being glab- 
 rous, white, and shining. The morbid condition 
 sometimes spreads, so that the patches coalesce, 
 rendering the baldness extensive. To a vege- 
 table growth, found at the roots of the hair 
 in Tinea tondens, Gruby gives the name Ifieros'- 
 po7-on Audoiii'ni. It is, also, called Tricoph'yton 
 seu TricJiom'yces tonsti'rans. The treatment con- 
 sists in keeping the scalp cleared by constant 
 shaving, and in the steady application of some 
 stimulating liniment or ointment. 
 
 Porrigo Fato'sa, Ce'rion, Favus, Ecpye'sis 
 porrigo favosa. Tinea favosa, Sca'hies cap'itis 
 favosa, Melice'ra, Ilelice'rum, Melioe'ria, Mel- 
 lifa'vium, Porrigoph'yta, Honey-comb Scnll or 
 'Tetter, (F.) Teigne faveuse, Porrigine. This con- 
 sists in an eruption of pustules common to the 
 head, trunk, and extremities, pea-sized, flattened 
 at the top, in clusters, often uniting; discharge, 
 fetid; scabs, honey-combed; the cells filled with 
 fluid. It occurs both in early and adult life. 
 Modern researches have satisfied some observers, 
 that the crusts of favus are of vegetable nature, 
 and formed of a parasitic plant, belonging, ac- 
 cording to Gruby, to the obsolete genus myco- 
 derm'a. MM. J. Miiller and Lebert refer it to 
 the genus O'idium, and call it O'id'ium Sehonlei'ni, 
 whilst Remak assigns it to a new genus under the 
 name Achorion Sckonleinii. The point is not, 
 however, settled. The treatment of this variety 
 must consist in the exhibition of laxatives and 
 the mildest stimulating ointments, such as the 
 Ung. zinci, Ung. hydrargyri prcBcipitat. alb., &o. 
 Eczema of the hairy scalp is often confounded 
 with Porrigo. 
 
 Porrigo Fur'furans, Ecpyesis porrigo fur- 
 fura'cea. Tinea seu Tricho'sis ficrfuraeea seu 
 porrigino'sa, Pityri'asis, Teigne furfur acee (Ali- 
 bert), commences with an eruption of small acho- 
 res, the fluid of which soon concretes and sepa- 
 rates in innumerable thin, laminated scabs, or 
 scale-like exfoliations. It is attended with a sood 
 
 deal of itching and some soreness of the scalp, to 
 which the disease is confined. It occurs chiefly 
 in adults. In the treatment, the scalp must be 
 kept shaved. The part must be washed re- 
 peatedly with soap and water, and an oiled silk 
 cap worn. The nature of the ointments used 
 must vary according to the period of disease and 
 the irritability of the part affected. Zinc oint- 
 ment ; — one made with the Gocculus indicus ; — • 
 the Sulphur ointment ; — Citrine ointment ; Ung. 
 hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi ; Tar ointment, and 
 Nitric acid ointment have all been found useful. 
 Should inflammation or discharge arise, these 
 applications must of course be intermitted. 
 Porrigo Larvalis, P. lupinosa. 
 Porrigo Larva'i,is, Crusta lac'tea, Ecpye'sis 
 Porrigo crusta'cea, Menti'go, Achor, Tin'ea lac'- 
 tea seu Fa'ciei, Lactu'men, Lacti'go, Ifilky scall 
 or Tetter, Milkbloteh, (F.) Crodte de lait ou lait- 
 eusi, Feux volages, La Oraine. This is, almost 
 exclusively, a disease of infancy. It commonly 
 appears first on the forehead and cheeks, in an 
 eruption of numerous, minute, whitish achores on 
 a red surface. These break and discharge a viscid 
 fluid, which becomes incrusted in thin, yellowish, 
 or greenish scabs. The patches spread, until the 
 whole face becomes, as it were, enveloped in a 
 mask; hence the epithet larvalis. The disease 
 is rather a varietj' of Eczema. Sometimes the 
 eruption appears on the neck and breast; and, 
 occasionally, on the extremities. In general, the 
 health of the child does not suffer, but the erup- 
 tion is always attended with much itching and 
 irritation. The treatment consists in mild, tepid 
 ablution, and the application of gently stimu- 
 lating ointments, as the oxydum zinci. The 
 bowels must be kept in a soluble state by small 
 doses of calomel, or by rhubarb and magnesia. 
 
 Porrigo Lupino'sa, Tin'ea lupi'na, Favus 
 disper'sus. Scabies cap'itis, Ecpye'sis porrigo lu- 
 pino'sa, Porri'go larva'lis, Impeti'go figura'ta, 
 Tin'ea granula'ta seu muco'sa, Crusta lactea (of 
 some), Ment'agra infan' turn, (F.) Teigne, Dartre 
 erustacee flavescente, Favus dissemine, consists of 
 minute pustules in small patches, mostly com- 
 mencing on the scalp; the patches terminate in 
 dry, delving scabs, resembling lupine seeds ; the 
 interstices often covered with a thin, whitish and 
 exfoliating incrustation. It occurs chiefly in 
 early life, and requires the same treatment as the 
 last. 
 
 Porrigo Scutula'ta, P. confer'ta, Tin'ea gra- 
 nida'ta seu Jico'sa, Ecpye'sis porrigo galea' ta-, 
 Acho'res seu Sca'bies cap'itis, Favxis confer' tua. 
 Ringworm of the Scalp, Scalled head, (F.) Teigne 
 annidaire, T. en anneau, T. ntimmulaire, Favus 
 en grotipes. It commences with clusters of small, 
 light, yellow pustules, which soon scab off; and, 
 if neglected, become hard by accumulation. If 
 the scabs be removed, the surface is left red and 
 shining, but studded with slightly elevated points. 
 If not attended to, it involves the whole head. 
 It occurs in children three or four years of age, 
 and is very unmanageable. The rules laid down 
 under Porrigo furfurans must be here still more 
 perseveringly enforced. The whole tribe of stim- 
 ulating ointments may be used in succession. 
 No one will always succeed, and hence the ne- 
 cessity of change, provided advantage should not 
 seem to follow any particular application. The 
 TJngnentum ad, Scabiem of Banyer sometimes 
 cures, when others fail. 
 
 PORRIGOPH'YTA. Porrigo favosa. Porri- 
 gophyte means the plant of favus or of porrigo 
 favosa. 
 
 PORRTLLON, Narcissus pseudonarcissus. 
 PORRUM, Allium porrum, Thymion. 
 PORRUS, Sarcoma, Thymion. 
 PORTA, TrvXn, Pyle, (F.) Porte, 'a gate.' The 
 
PORTAL 
 
 747 
 
 POSSESSED 
 
 part of the liver or other organ — Jtilus — where its 
 vessels enter as by a gate. See Liver. Also, the 
 Vulva. 
 
 Porta Hepatis, see Liver — p. Jecoris, see 
 Liver — p. Lienis, see Spleen. 
 
 PoETA Vena, Vena porta, V. porta'rum seu 
 nd portas seu porta'Iis seu magna seu qiias ad 
 portas est seu stelechice'a seu lac' tea seu ostia'ria 
 seu arterio' sa seu arteria'lis, Hama'lis vena, Jan'- 
 itrix, Manila Jec'oris seu he'patis, Vena ad portas. 
 The System of the vena porta or the Ahdom'inal 
 venous system or Portal system, {V.) Veine porte, 
 Porte veine, is a vascular apparatus of black 
 blood, situate in the abdomen, and resulting from 
 two distinct orders of vessels, united into one 
 common trunk. 1. One of these trunks, much j 
 more extensive than the other, has received the I 
 name Vena porta abdomina' lis, hecawse it arises i 
 from all the organs enclosed in the cavity of the 
 abdomen, except the kidnej's and bladder ; and, 
 in the female, the uterus. The Abdominal vena 
 porta has two principal roots, the splenic vein 
 and the superior mesenteric, which have their 
 ramifications in all the digestive organs. 2. The 
 other trunk, destined solely to the liver, has 
 been called the Hepal'ic vena porta. It appears 
 to be a continuation of the abdominal vena porta, 
 and proceeds towards the inferior surface of the 
 liver. Opposite the transverse fissure of that 
 organ, it divides, like an artery, into two branches, 
 ■which, by their union, seem to form a canal or 
 duct, called by some the Sinus of the vena porta, 
 or of the portal vein. These branches are distri- 
 buted in the substance of the liver, whither they 
 are accompanied by a prolongation of the fibrous 
 capsule of that organ, — the capsule of Glisson. 
 The difi'erent branches of the vena porta are de- 
 void of valves. See Liver. 
 
 POPbTAL, from porta, 'a gate.' Relating to 
 the porta of the liver, — as the portal system, or 
 system of the vena porta. By extension, the 
 term has been applied to an analogous system of 
 vessels in the kidney. See Kidney. 
 
 Portal Fissore, see Liver — p. Possa, see 
 Liver — p. System, see Porta Vena — p. System of 
 the Kidney, see Kidney — p. Vein, Porta Vena — 
 p. Veins of the Kidney, see Kidney. 
 
 PORTE-AIGVILLE, Acntenac'uhm, Needle- 
 carrier, Needle-bearer, from (¥.) porter, 'to car- 
 ry,' and aiguille, ' a needle.' An instrument for 
 accurately laying hold of a needle, and giving it 
 greater length, when it is so fine and small that 
 it cannot be held by the fingers. It is of steel or 
 silver, about two inches long, and throughout the 
 whole, almost, of its length, divided into two 
 branches, so as to form a kind of forceps, capable 
 of being closed by means of a sliding ring. A 
 modification of this instrument was devised by 
 Dr. Physick for taking up deep-seated arteries 
 beyond the reach of a tenaculum or common 
 needle. It consists of a forceps so constructed 
 as to hold in its extremity a needle armed with 
 a ligature. The handles of the forceps are fas- 
 tened together, temporarily, by a spring or catch ; 
 and, when the needle is fairly deposited beneath 
 the vessel, it is disengaged from the forceps and 
 drawn out, leaving the ligature behind, which 
 can be tied without difficulty. 
 
 PORTE- BOUGIE (P.). A silver canula 
 similar to that of a trochar, except that it is 
 longer. It is used for conducting bougies into 
 the urethra. 
 
 POE TE - OA USTIQ UE, Porte-pierre — p. 
 Feuille, Subscapularis. 
 
 PORTE-LAQ. An instrument for carrying 
 the laq or fillet over the limb of the foetus whilst 
 in utero, when turning is necessary. 
 
 PORTE-LIGATURE, irom 2}orter, ' to carry,' 
 
 and ligature. An instrument for conveying a 
 ligature to deep-seated parts. 
 
 POR TE-MkcHE (P.), from porter, ' to carry,' 
 and meche, 'a tent.' An instrument for carrying 
 tents or meches deeply into fistulous openings, or 
 sinuses, to the bottom of ulcers, &e. It is a wire 
 of silver or steel, four or five inches long, having 
 a notch at one extremity, and a button at the 
 other. 
 
 PORTE-MOXA (P.). A small instrument 
 for keeping the moxa applied to a part to be cau- 
 terized. It consists of a metallic ring — separated 
 from the skin by three supports of ebony — to 
 which a handle is adapted. 
 
 PORTE-NCEUD (P.), from porter, ' to carry,' 
 and ncend, 'a knot.' An instruQient for carrying 
 a ligature round the base or pedicle of a tumour. 
 PORTE-PIERRE {¥.), Porte-caustique, Caus- 
 tic bearer. An instrument similar to a porte- 
 erayon for carrying lunar caustic. 
 
 PORTE-SONDE (P.). An instrument resem- 
 bling a porte-crayon, employed for holding the 
 style or sonde, and inserting it more readily into 
 the nasal duct, during the operation for fistula 
 laorymalis. 
 
 PORTE VEINE, Porta vena. 
 P0RTENTU3I, Monster. 
 PORTER, Cerevisia. 
 
 PORTIO DURA, Facial nerve — p. Inter du- 
 ram et mollem, Portio Wrisbergii — p. Intermedia 
 Wrisbergii, Portio AVrisbergii — p. Media inter 
 portionem duram et portionem mollem, Portio 
 Wrisbergii. 
 
 Portio Mollis, Auditory nerve. 
 Por'tio Wrisber'gii, P. inierme'dia Wrisber'- 
 gii seu media inter portionem duram et portionem 
 mollem seu inter duram et mollem, (F.) Faisceau 
 intermediare de Wrisberg, Interrnediaire deWris- 
 herg. A small, white fasciculus, intermediate 
 between the portio mollis and portio dura of the 
 seventh pair of nerves, which was first described 
 by Wrisberg. The Chorda Tj'mpani is supposed 
 by some to emanate from this nerve. 
 
 PORTION COSTO-TRACIIELIENNE^ DU 
 SACRO-SPINAL, Longissimus dorsi— ;j. ^co?7- 
 leux ou squameux du temporal. Squamous portion 
 of the temporal — p. Loinbaire du j'lexus crural, 
 Lumbar plexus. ^ 
 
 PORTION GODRONNE DE LA CORNS 
 D'AilMON. A name given by Vicq d'Azyr to 
 a small, denticulated cord, of a compact tissue 
 and granular appearance, which unites the cornu 
 ammonis to the paries of the lateral ventricle. 
 PORTONARIUM, Pylorus, Duodenum. 
 PORTULA'CA, P. olera'cea, Andrach'ne, Al'- 
 lium Gal'licum, Purslane, (P.) Pourpier cultive. 
 This plant abounds with a watery and somewhat 
 acid juice ; and is often put into soups or pickled 
 with spices. It is regarded as antiseptic and 
 aperient. 
 
 PORUS, Callus, Meatus — p. Acusticus, Audi- 
 tory canal, internal. 
 
 Porus Op'ticus. An opening in the centre 
 of the cribriform lamella of the sclerotic, through 
 which the central artery of the retina enters tlie 
 eyeball. 
 
 POSCA, Oxyerate. 
 POSE, Coryza. 
 POSIMOS, Potable. 
 POSITION. PALSE. False position. 
 POSOL'OGY, Posolog"ia, Dosiolog"ia, from 
 nocros, ' quantity,' and 'Xoyoq, ' adiscourse.' Indica- 
 tion ofthe doses in which the diflFerent articles of the 
 materia medica ought to be exhibited. (P.) Dosage. 
 POSOQUERIA DUMETORUM, Randia Du- 
 metoruin.^ ^ 
 
 POSSEDE, Possessed. 
 
 POSSESS'ED, i>fflWion!-'(/ci(a, (F.)Possede. One 
 
POSSET 
 
 748 
 
 POTASSA, ACETATE OF 
 
 affected with epilepsy, or other strange neurotic 
 affection, was formerly supposed to be 'pos- 
 sessed' by a demon. Hence, exorcism and va- 
 rious religious ceremonies, at one time employed 
 to drive off the intruder. 
 
 POSSET, Posse' turn, from (L.) posca, 'sour 
 wine and water' [?]. Milk curdled with wine, or 
 any acid, or treacle. A preparation of beer and 
 milk : Zythog'ala. 
 
 Posset, Sack, see Sack — p. Sago, see Sago. 
 
 POSSETTING, Resrurgitation (of Infants). 
 
 POSTBRACHIALE, Metacarpus. 
 
 POSTCARPIUM, Metacarpus. 
 
 POSTE'RIOR ANNULA'RIS. An external, 
 interosseous muscle, which arises from the eorre- 
 fponding sides of the metacarpal bones of the 
 ring-iinger and little finger, and is inserted into 
 the inside of the tendon on the back of the ring- 
 finger. Its use is to draw the ring-finger in- 
 wards. 
 
 PosTERTOR Adris, Retrohcns auris. 
 
 Posterior In'dicis Manus. An internal, in- 
 terosseous muscle, which arises from the inner or 
 ulnar side of the metacarpal bone of the fore- 
 finger, and is inserted into the inside of the ten- 
 don on the back of the fore-finger. Its use is to 
 draw the fore-finger inwards. 
 
 Posterior Ixuicis Pedis, Ahdue'tor Indicis 
 Pedis. An external, interosseous muscle, which 
 arises from the contiguous sides of the metatarsnl 
 bones of the fore-toe, and second of the small 
 toes, and is inserted into the outside of the root 
 of the first bone of the fore-toe. Its use is to pull 
 the fore-toe outwards. 
 
 Posterior Me'dii Dig"iti Manus. An exter- 
 nal, interosseous muscle, which arises from the 
 corresponding sides of the metacarpal bones of 
 the middle and ring-fingers ; and is inserted into 
 the inside of the tendon on the back of the mid- 
 dle finger. Its use is to draw the middle finger 
 inwards. 
 
 Posterior Medii Dig"iti Pedis. Ahdiicfor 
 medii digiti pedis. An external, interosseous 
 muscle, which originates from the contiguous 
 sides of the metatarsal bones of the second and 
 third of the small toes, and is inserted into the 
 outside of the root of the first bone of the second 
 of the small toes. Its use is to pull the toe out- 
 wards. 
 
 Posterior Ter'tii Dig"iti, Addiic'ior tertii 
 digiti. An external, interosseous muscle, which 
 arises from the contiguous sides of the metatarsal 
 bones of the third and fourth of the small toes, 
 and is inserted into the outside of the root of the 
 first bone of the third of the small toes. Its use 
 is to pull the toe outwards. 
 POSTIIE. Penis, Prepuce. 
 POSTHET'OMIST, Posthet'omm, from Toa^n. 
 'prepuce,' and ro^i?, 'incision.' One who per- 
 forms the operation of circumcision. 
 POSTHETOMY, Circumcision. 
 POSTHIA. Hordeolum. 
 
 POSTHIOPLAS'TIC. Postliiox>las'ticiis, from 
 Tua^n, 'the prepuce,' and -Xaaaia, 'I form.' An 
 epithet applied to the operation for restoring the 
 prepuce. 
 
 POSTHI'TIS, Acrohysti'tis, AcropostM'tis, 
 from TTOd^rj, 'the prepuce, the penis,' and itis, the 
 termination for inflammation. Inflammation of 
 the prepuce. 
 
 POSTHIUM, Prepuce. 
 
 POSTHON'CUS, from ro^^^, 'the prepuce or 
 penis,' and oyKoi;, ' a tumour.' Swelling of the 
 prepuce or penis. 
 
 POSTHOPLAS'TICA, from xo^&r,, 'prepuce,' 
 and TrXaariKos, 'formative.' The art of making a 
 new prepuce. 
 
 POST'HUMOUS, from post, 'after,' and humus, 
 ' the ground.' Occurring after death. 
 
 Posthumous Child. One born after the death 
 of its father, or taken from the dead body of its 
 mother, as by the Ctesarean section. 
 
 POSTIME, Abscess. 
 
 POST-MORTEM. 'After death ;' as ' a. post 
 mortem or necroscopic examination.' 
 
 POST-NATUS. ' Born after.' In the old law 
 writers, the second son. 
 
 POST-PARTUM. 'After delivery.' As '^jost 
 partum hemorrhage.' 
 
 POSTPOSIT"IO, [post, 'after,' and ponere, 
 positum, 'to place,') 'a postponement.' Delay 
 in the return of a paroxysm. It is opposed to 
 antieipatio, which means the return of a parox- 
 j'sm earlier than its accustomed hour. 
 
 In this sense, we speak of an anticipating, and 
 a. pnstponinq [Fehris hyateret'ica) intermittent. 
 
 POSTREMA, Uterus. 
 
 PO'TABLE, Potah'ilis, from potare,' to drink.' 
 Pnt'imos, Potos, Pos'imos, 'drinkable.' Water is 
 said to be potable, when it contains atmospheric 
 air : is not brackish ; and has no mineral impreg- 
 nation of consequence. 
 
 POTASH. So called from the pots or vessels 
 in which it was made; — Vegetable alkali, Gastri- 
 num. Also, Potass. 
 
 Potash of Commerce, Pofassa impu'ra, Im- 
 pitre potassa, Alti'men cati'num, Cin'eres Rus'aici, 
 Subcar'bonas potas'sce ■impii'rus, Potas'scB car'bo- 
 vas impurns, Lix'ivus einis, the Pearlash of 
 commerce, is prepared from the ashes of land- 
 plants by calcination, solution in water, filtration, 
 and evaporation. It usually consists of subcar- 
 bonate of potassa, sulphate of potassa, chloride 
 of potassium, silex, oxide of iron, <tc. 
 
 From the ashes of lees of wine, and from vine- 
 twigs, a much purer alkali is obtained. It is 
 called Cinis itifecto'nus sen fcp.ciim, Cin'eres cla- 
 vella'ti seu grnvella'ti, Alu'men facxmi, (F.) Cen- 
 dres gravelees ou de sarment. 
 
 Another variety of the alkali is nfforded by 
 burning argol in a crucible ; afterwards powder- 
 ing and calcining it, till it is nearly white; then 
 dissolving in water, filtering, and evaporating. It 
 is called Salt of Tartar, Sal Tar'tari, Kali prcB- 
 para'tiim e tar'tnro, K. e tartaro, Subcar'bonas 
 pntass(B piiris'simus, Potas'scB subcar'bonas e tar'- 
 taro. Lastly, when wormwood is burnt to ashes, 
 dissolved in water, filtered, and evaporated to 
 dryness, it affords another variety of vegetable 
 alkali, the Sal ahsin'thii or Salt of wormwood. 
 
 Impure potash is used for preparing the sub- 
 carbonate for medical use. 
 
 POTASS, Potassa fusa, Potash. The protoxide 
 of potassium. 
 
 POTASSA, ACETATE OF, Potassa; acetas — 
 p. Bichromate of, PotassEe bichromas — p. Bisul- 
 phate of, Potass£e supersulphas — p. Bitartrate of, 
 Potassse supertartras — p. Carbonate of, Potassas 
 carbonas — p. Carbonate of, pure, see Potassee 
 subcarbonas — p. Caustica cum calce, Potassa cum 
 calce — p. Chlorate of, Potassae murias hyperoxy- 
 genatus — p. Chromate of, Potsssoe chromas — p. 
 Chromate of, neutral, Potassee chromas — p. Chro- 
 mate of, yellow, Potassse chromas. 
 
 Potas'sa cum Calce, P. ope ealcis para'ta et 
 igne fusa, Potassa caust'ica cum calce, Potass ivith 
 lime, Calx cum kali ptiro, Caxis'ticum commii'ne 
 for'tius, Lapis inferna'lis sive sep)'ticus, Kali 
 caus'ticumcum calce, Lap)is cans'ticns, (F.) Potasse 
 preparee avec la cJiaux, P. d la Chaiix, Pierre a 
 cantere. (PotasscB, Calcis aa ,^j. Rub together, 
 and keep in a well-stopped bottle. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Used for the same purposes as the next, but more 
 manageable ; being less deliquescent. 
 
 Potassa, Euchlorate of, Potassse murias 
 hyperoxygenatus — p. Ferrocyanate of, Potassii 
 ferrocyanuretum — p. Ferroprussiate of, Potassaa 
 cyanuretum. 
 
POTASS^ ACETAS 
 
 749 
 
 POTASS^ 
 
 PoTASSA FcsA, Potassn, Kail cava'tieum seu 
 purum, Fused potass, Alkali vegetah'ile Jixum 
 cans'ticum, Caus'ticum commu'iie acer'rimnm, G. 
 alkali'mtm seu commu'ne seu potentia'le seu Sali'- 
 jiiMrt, Hydras ka'licum, H. potas'sa ^Jura fusm, 
 PotosscB hydras, Lapis caus'tieus seu causticns 
 chiriirgo'rum seu in/erna'lis alcali'nus seu sep'ti- 
 cus, Rupto'rium comnu' ne, Fixed veg"etable alkali, 
 Hydrate of Potassa, (F.) Potasse canstique. 
 (Prepared by evaporating solution of potass to 
 drj'ness in an iron vessel.) This preparation is 
 generally run into cylindrical moulds, covered with 
 paper, and kept in well-corked vessels. It is 
 powerfully escharotic, and is used for forming 
 issues, curing strictures, &c. 
 
 Potassa, Fused, Potassa fusa — p. Hydriodate 
 of, Potassae hydriodas — p. Hydrobromate of, see 
 Bromine — p. Hydrocyanate of, Potassii cyanure- 
 tum — p. Hypermanganate of, Potassae hyper- 
 manganas — p. Hyperoxalas, Potass, oxalate of — 
 p. Hypertartras, P. supertartras — p. Irapura, 
 Potash of commerce — p. and Iron, tartrate of, 
 Ferrum tartarizatum — p. with Lime, Potassa cum 
 calce — p. Liquida, Liquor potassae — p. Mephite 
 of, Potassae subcarbonas — p. Monochromate of, 
 Potassas chromas — p. Muriate of, Potassae muri;is 
 — p. Nitrate of. Potass® nitras — p. Ope calcis 
 parata et igne fusa, Potassa cum calce — p. Oxy- 
 tnuriate of, Potassae murias hyperoxygenatus — p. 
 Permanganate of, Potassae permangnnas — p. 
 Prussiate of, Potassii ferrocyanuretum — p. and 
 Soda, tartrate of. Soda, tartrate of — p. Subcar- 
 bonate of, Potassae subcarbonas — p. Sulphate of, 
 Potassffi sulphas — p. Sulphate of, acid, Potassfe 
 supersulphas — p. Sulphuret of, Potassae sulphure- 
 tura — p. Supercarbonate of, Potassas carbonas — 
 p. Supersulphate of, Potassae supersulphas — -p. 
 Supertartrate of, Potassae supertartras — p. Tar- 
 trate of, Potassae tartras. 
 
 POTAS'SjE ACE'TAS, Oxytar'tarns, Acetas 
 kali seu lixiv'ios seu ka'lieum, Al'kali tnr'tari 
 nee'to satura'titm, A. vegetah'ile cvm aceto, Magis- 
 te'rium tartari pnrgans. Terra folia'ta Tartari, 
 Kali aceta'tum, Sal diuret'icns seu Senner'ti, 
 Arca'num tartari, Ac"etafe of potass, (F.) Acetate 
 de potasse. {Acid, acetic. Oj, Potasses carbon, q. s. 
 Mix and add, by degrees, enough acetic acid to 
 saturate the alkali; then filter and evaporate 
 till a pellicle is formed, which is to be dried upon 
 bibulous paper ; evaporate again in a water-bath, 
 and, removing the pellicles, dry. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 It is cathartic and diuretic. Dose, ^} to ^\j, 
 or more. 
 
 PotasSjE et Alumina Sulphas, Aluraen — 
 p. Biantimonias, Antimonium diaphoreticum — 
 p. Bicarbonas, Potassae carbonas, 
 
 PoTAS's^ Bichro'mas, Kali chro'micitm rn- 
 hrnm seu ac"idum seu hichro'micum, Bichro'mate 
 of potas'sa. Procured by adding sulphuric, ni- 
 tric, or acetic acid to a solution of the neutral 
 chromate, and setting it aside to crystallize. It 
 is a violent irritant poison; and has been used 
 as a caustic in cases of morbid growths, in the 
 proportion of from half a drachm to a drachm of 
 the salt to from an ounce to an ounce and a half 
 of water. 
 
 Potass^ Bisulphas, P, supersulphas — p. Bi- 
 tartras, P. supertartras. 
 
 PotaSSjE Car'bonas, Kali aera'tum, Bicar'- 
 honas potassa, Potas'scB hiear'bonas (Ph. U. S., 
 L., E., &, D.), Deutocarbonas potassii, Carbonate, 
 hiear'bouate or snpercar'bonate of potassa. This 
 is not caustic, like the subearbonate of potass, 
 and hence, has been preferred to relieve acidity. 
 {Potass, carbon. Ibiv, AqticB destillat. Ox. Pass 
 carbonic acid through the solution until it is 
 saturated, and filter. Evaporate at a heat not 
 exceeding lfiO°, and dry the crystals on bibulous 
 paper. Carbonic acid is obtained from marble 
 
 by the addition of dilute sulphuric acid. — Ph. 
 U. S.) Dose, gr. x to gss. It is used in forming 
 the soda powders, as well as for its antacid pro- 
 perties. 
 
 Distillers and brewers prepare this salt with 
 great facility by suspending a solution of the puri- 
 fied carbonate of potassa in the fermenting tun. 
 The alkaline salt is thus surrounded by an atmo- 
 sphere of carbonic acid ; and by absorbing it, it 
 crystallizes into bicarbonate. The salt in powder 
 is called sal aeratus. Its composition is between 
 that of a carbonate and of a bicarbonate. 
 
 PoTASSiE Carbonas, P. subcarbonas — p. Car- 
 bonas e Lixivo Cinere, P. subcarbonas — p. Car- 
 bonas impurus, P. subcarbonas — p. Carbonas 
 purus. Pure carbonate of potassa, see P. subcar- 
 bonas • — -p. Chloras, P. murias hyperoxygenatus 
 — p. Chloruretum oxydatum, P. murias hyperoxy- 
 genatus. 
 
 Potas'SjE Chromas, Kali chro'micum fnvum 
 seu neutra'le, Netitral yellow Chrowate or Jlfono- 
 chromate of potassa. ■ Prepared by igniting a 
 mixture of four parts of native cliruwite of iron 
 (chrome iron ore) and one part of nitre ; dissolv- 
 ing out the chromate of potassa by icater, and 
 crystallizing. It has been used as an emetic, ex- 
 pectorant and diaphoretic. Dose, as an emetic, 
 from two to four grains ; as an expectorant, from 
 Jth to ^ grain. In the proportion of one drachm 
 to 32 ounces of water, it has been used as an an- 
 tiseptic wash — called by Jacobson, Liquor con- 
 serva'trix. 
 
 Potass^ Citras, Citrate of potassa. {Acid, 
 citric, ^x. Potass, bicarb, ^xiv, Aq. q. s. Dis- 
 solve the acid in the water; and after efferves- 
 cence has ceased, strain and evaporate to dryness. 
 The salt is deliquescent, and must be kept in 
 well-stopped bottles. Ph. U. S.) It possesses 
 the refrigerant properties of the neutral salts, 
 and may be given in fever, when to do little or 
 nothing is the most advisable course. Dose, gr. x 
 to ,!^ss. 
 
 Potassae et Ferri Tartras, Ferri tartariza- 
 tum — p. Hydras, Potassa fusa. 
 
 PotASStE HydRI'ODAS, PotasscB Protohydri'o- 
 das, Potas'sii protox'idi hydri'odas, Kali Hydri- 
 odin'icum seu Hydriod'icum, Hydriodas Ka'licns, 
 Hydri'odate of potass, (F.) Hydriodate de potasse. 
 If a solution of potass be poured on iodine, an 
 iodate and hydriodate are formed. These may 
 be separated by means of alcohol, which only 
 dissolves the latter of these salts. The hydrio- 
 date, or rather the I'odide of Potas'sinm, Kaliiim 
 loda'tum, Potassii lodure'tum seu lo'didum, (F.) 
 Lidure de potassium, may be obtained by evapo- 
 ration. When the Iodide of potassium is dis- 
 solved in water, it becomes the Hydriodate of 
 Potassa. The following is the formula in the 
 Ph. U. S. Potass. %y'y, lodin. in pulv. ,^xvj; 
 Carbon, ligni in pulv. subtiliss. ^ij : Aq. hullient. 
 Oiij. Dissolve the potassa in the water: add the 
 iodine gradually, stirring until the solution be- 
 comes colourless, and continue the additions until 
 the liquid remains slightly coloured from excess 
 of iodine. Evaporate to dryness, stirring in the 
 charcoal towards the close. Rub to powder, and 
 heat to dull redness in an iron crucible, keeping 
 up the temperature for 15 minutes. When co(d, 
 dissolve out the saline matter with pure water, 
 filter the solution, evaporate and set nside to 
 crj'stallize. By evaporating and crystallizing as 
 before, an additional quantity of crystals may be 
 obtained. Virtues, — those of iodine. 
 
 Potass^ Mu'rias, Sal Digesti'vns seu felrif- 
 tigiis Syl'vii, Spir'itus salis mari'ni coagnla'tus, 
 dfiiriate of Potass. Bitter and refrigerant. 
 
 PoTASSvE Mu'rias Hyperoxygena'tus, Po- 
 tassas Chloras seu oxymu'rias, O-rymu'riate, Hy- 
 pcroxymu'riate. Chlorate or Euchlo'rate of potass. 
 
POTASS.E 
 
 750 
 
 rOTASSE 
 
 Protochlo'rate of potas'sinm, Alcali vegetah'ile 
 sali'to-dephlogistica'tum, Chlortire'tum pofas'sw 
 oxyda'liim, Haloi'dum oxygena'tum, Oxyge'no- 
 Chlorure'tum 2}ota8'sii, Kali chlo'ricum, Chloras 
 Ka'licus depura'tus, (F.) Chlorate de potasse. It 
 has been regarded as antineuropathic, and as an 
 alterative purifier of the blood and humours. It 
 is of doubtful efficacy. Dose, 3 to 6 grains or more. 
 
 Potass^ Nitras, Nitrate of Potass, Nitrum, 
 N. prisniat'icnm, Sal nitrum, Nitre, Saltpetre, Sal 
 petr<B, Salse'do mncriim, Sanguin' ea, Berenic"iHm, 
 JJcdiiii'trum, Protoni'trate of Potas'sinm, Nitrate 
 of protox'ide of Potassium, Kali ni'tricum, Ni- 
 tras Jca'licus seu lixiv'ice, Az'otas p>otas'sicus, (F.) 
 Nitrate ou Azotate de potasse. Obtained from the 
 putrefaction of animal matters, in contact with 
 calcareous or alkaline earths, by elixiviation ; 
 adding, if necessary, wood-ashes to supply the 
 alkaline basis. It is formed, in an impure state, 
 by nature, in warm climates. 
 
 It is diuretic and refrigerant, and, in large 
 doses, purgative J externally, cooling and deter- 
 gent. Dose, gr. x to 3J- Iq large doses it is 
 an acrid poison. 
 
 Potass^ Nitras Fusus Sulpha'tis Paucil'lo 
 MlXTUS, Sal prunel'lce, Crystal'lus miuera'lis, 
 Nitras potas' sap. cum sul'phure fusus, Nitrum tabu- 
 la' turn, Lapis Prunel'lce, Anod'yuum minera'le, 
 Sore-throat salt, llin'eral crystal. Nitrate of 
 potass, mixed with a little sulphate of potass and 
 run into moulds. Its properties are those of nitre. 
 
 PotasSjE Ox'alas, Ox'alas Acid'ulum Potas'- 
 scB seu Potas'scB acid'ulus seu ha'sicus, Superox'- 
 nlas ka'liciim seu Potassts, Hyperoxalas Potasses, 
 Sal Acetosel'las, Oxa'lium, Kali oxal'ieum acid'u- 
 lum, Ox'alas subpotas'sicus, Superox'alate of Pro- 
 tox'ide of Potas' si um. Oxalate of Potass, Salt of 
 Sorrel, (F.) Set d'oseille, Sel d detacher. Pre- 
 pared from the juice of wood sorrel. It is re- 
 frigerant, and is used to make lemonade, <fec. 
 
 Potass^ Oxalas Acidulum, Potass, oxalate 
 of — p. Oxymurias, P. murias hyperoxj'genatus. 
 
 Potass^ Perman'ganas, Perman'ganate of 
 potas'sa, Hyperman' ganate of potassa, has been 
 given in cases of diabetes. Dose, from gr. ij to 
 gr. V, three times a day. It has been prescribed, 
 also, in obstinate dyspepsia. 
 
 PotasSjE Protohvdriodas, P. hydriodas — p. 
 Purse fusse hydras, Potassa fusa — p. et Sodee 
 tartras, Soda, tartrate of. 
 
 PotasSjE Subcar'bonas, p. Car'bonas (Ph. 
 U. S.), P. carbonas e Lixi'vo Cin'ere, Subcar'bo- 
 nas Kali, Car'bonas Potasses, Kali praspara' turn, 
 Sal Herba'rum seu Planta'rum seu Tar'tari seu 
 Absin'thii, Calca'reons Tartar, Subcarboiiate or 
 Mephite of Potass, &c. (See Potash.) A filtered 
 solution of the imprtre snbcarbonate, Potas'sw 
 car'bonas impu'rus (Ph. U. S.), Pearl-ash (see 
 Potash), evaporated to dryness. This deliques- 
 cent salt is given in the same cases as the potassse 
 carbonas, than which it is more caustic and dis- 
 agreeable. 
 
 The Parisian oodex has a Subcar'bonas Potas' scb 
 ex tar'taro eombus'to, vulgo Sal Tartari or Salt of 
 Tartar — (it is the Potasses carbonas purus. Pure 
 Carbonate of Potassa, Ph. U. S.); a Subcarbonas 
 Potasses ex deflagran'tibus simul tar'trate acid'ulo 
 et Nitrate Potasses paratus, vulgo Nitrttm ex tar- 
 taro fixum ; and a Subcarbo7ias potasses ex deflu- 
 gran'te cum Carbon'ibus Nitra'te Potasses para- 
 tus, vulgo Nitrum fixum. They are all used like 
 the preceding. 
 
 Potass^ Subcarbonas Impdrcs, Potash of 
 commerce. 
 
 PoTASSJE Sulphas, Kali vitriola'tum seu sul- 
 phu'ricum, Sulphas Kali Lixiv'ia vitriola'ia, Ni- 
 trum vitriolatum Schroederi, Sal Sapien'tias seu 
 Tar'tari Sulphura'tum seu Polyehfes'tus, Specif - 
 icum Paracel'si, Spi'ritus vitrioli coagida'tus 
 
 Mynsichti, Al'kali vegeta'bile vitriolatum, Sal de 
 duohus, Arca'num duplica'tum, Tar'tarum vitrio- 
 latum, Panace'a Ducis Holsa'ties seu duplica'ta, 
 Sulpjhate of Potass, Protosulph'ate of Potas'- 
 sium, (F.) Sulfate de potasse. (The salt, that re- 
 mains after the distillation of nitric acid, dis- 
 solved; the excess of acid saturated with subcar- 
 bonate of potass and crystallized.) Purgative 
 and diuretic. Dose, ^S9 to ^j as a laxative. In 
 a large dose it has proved an irritant poison. 
 
 Potass^ Sulphas cum Sul'phure, Sal Poly- 
 chres'tus Glase'ri, Lixiv'ia Vitriola' ta Sulphu'rea. 
 (Formed by deflagrating nitrate of potass with 
 sublimed sulphur.) Same virtues as the last. 
 Dose, gr. xv to xxx. 
 
 PotassjE SuLPHURETujr, Potassii sulphuretum 
 
 — p. Superoxalas, Potassae oxalas. 
 
 Potass^ Supersul'phas, P. Bisidphas, Sal 
 enix'utn sen febrif'ugus of Lem'ery, Supersulphate 
 of Potass, Acid Sulphate or Bisulphate of Potass, 
 Super-protosuli^hate of Potas' sium, (F.) Bisulfate 
 de Potasse. (The salt remaining after the distil- 
 lation of nitric acid, dissolved, strained, and 
 crystallized.) It is refrigerant and purgative. 
 Dose, ^ss to Jij. 
 
 Potass^ Supertar'tras Impu'rus, Tar'tarua 
 crudus, Tar'tarum, Lapis vini, Ifagneti'nus, Pe- 
 dagra, Tartar, (F.) Tartre cru OU brut. It is 
 called, also, Tartarum rubrum and Red Argol, 
 when obtained from red wines j Tartarum album 
 or White Argol, when from white wines. Tartar 
 is the saline deposit from wines as they become 
 aged; which attaches itself to the sides of the 
 casks and bottles in which they are kept. It 
 consists of a considerable quantity of acidulous 
 tartrate of potass, tartrate of lime, silica, alumen, 
 oxyd of Iron, manganese, and a red colouring 
 matter, if the wine be red. It is chiefly used for 
 the preparation of cream of tartar. 
 
 Potass^ Supertar'tras, P. hyperfar'traa, P. 
 Bitar'tras (Ph. U. S.) SOU tartras ac"ida, Urys- 
 tal'li Tar'tari, Tartras Acid'ulus Potasses purus, 
 T. superpotas' sieus, T. subpotas' sicus, Supertar'- 
 trate of Protox'ide of Potas'sinm, Bitartrate or Su- 
 pertartrate of Potass, Crystals of Tartar, Cremor 
 Tar'tari, Cream of Tartar (when, in powder), 
 Supertar'trate of Potass, (F.) Tartrate acide de 
 potasse, Crime de Tartre. (The tartar of wine 
 purified.) It requires 60 parts of water at 60° 
 to dissolve it. It is mildly purgative, refrigerant 
 and diuretic. Dissolved in water, with a small 
 quantity of white wine, some sugar and lemon- 
 peel, it forms an agreeable beverage in febrile 
 diseases, under the name of Imperial. Dose, as 
 a diuretic, ^j to J'j ; as a purgative, ^ss to ^j. 
 
 Potass^ Tartras, Kali tartariza'tum, Al'cali 
 Jixum tartarisattim, Tar'tarum solu'bile, Tartarus 
 tartariza'tus, Lixiv'ia Tartarisa'ta, Sal Pan- 
 chres'tum, Tartras Kali'nus seu lixiv'ics, Sal vege- 
 tab'ilis. Alkali vegetab'ile tartarizatum, Tartrate 
 of Potass. Soluble Tartar, (F.) Tartrate de Po- 
 tasse. (Potasses carbon. §xvj ; Potassa Bitar- 
 trat. in pulv. subtiliss. tbiij, vel q. s., aquos bulli- 
 entis, cong. Dissolve the carbonate of potassa in 
 the water, add the bitartrate to saturation, and 
 boil ; filter, evaporate till a pellicle forms, and 
 set aside to crystallize. Pour oflF the liquid ; dry 
 the crystals on bibulous paper, and keep in 
 closely-stopped bottles. — Ph. U. S.) A saline 
 cathartic in the dose of l^'j to §j. 
 
 Potass^ Tartras Acida, P. supertartras — p. 
 Tartras acidulus purus, P. supertartras — p. Tar- 
 tras stibialis seu stibiosus, Antimonium tartariza- 
 tum. 
 
 POTASSE, ACETATE DE, Potassje acetas 
 
 — p. Bisidphate de, Potassss supersulphas — p. 
 Caustique, Potassa fusa — p. d, la Chaux, Potassa 
 cum calce — p>. Chlorate de, Potassae murias hy- 
 peroxygenatus — p. Hydriodate de, Potassae hy- 
 
POTASSII BROMIDUM 
 
 751 POTERIUM SANGUISORBA 
 
 driodas — p. Liquide, Liquor potassas — p. Nitrate 
 de, Potassse nitras — p. Preparee avec la chaux, 
 Potassa cum calee — p. et de Sonde, tartrate de, 
 Soda, tartrate of — p. Sid/ate de, Potassae sulphas 
 — p. Std/ure de, Potassii sulphuretum — p. Tar- 
 trate de, Potassse tartras — p. Tartrate acide de, 
 Potassse supertartras. 
 
 POTAS'SII BRO'MIDUM, Potas'scB hydro- 
 bro'mas, Bromide of potassium, (P.) Bromure de 
 Potassium. {Bromin, ,^ij; Ferrifili,"^] ; Potass, 
 carbon. §ij and ^j, vel q. s. ; Aq. destillat., Oiv. 
 Add the iron filings and bromine to a pint and a 
 half of the water; stirring for half an hour. Ap- 
 ply a gentle heat, and when the liquor assumes 
 a greenish colour, add gradually the carbonate of 
 potassa, dissolved in Oiss of the water, until it 
 ceases to cause a precipitate. Continue the heat 
 for half an hour, and filter. Wash the precipitate 
 with the remaining water, boiling hot, and filter. 
 Mix the liquors and crystallize by evaporation. — 
 Ph. U. S.) Virtues : — those of iodide of iron. 
 
 Potassii Cyanidum, P. Cyanuretum. 
 
 Potassii Cyanure'tum, P. Cyan'idum, Cya- 
 nuret of Potassium, Hydrocy'anate of Potassa. 
 (Potassii Ferrocyanur., iu pulv. ^viij ; Potass. 
 Carhonat. exsiccat., 3iij. Mix intimately and 
 throw into a deep iron crucible, heated to red- 
 ness ; keep up the heat till efi"ervescence ceases, 
 and the fused mass concretes, of a pure white 
 colour, upon a warm glass rod dipped into it; 
 then pour out the liquid carefully into a shallow 
 dish to solidify, stopping before the salt becomes 
 contaminated with the precipitated iron. Break 
 up the mass whilst warm, and preserve in well- 
 stopped bottles. — Ph. U. S.) Used in the same 
 cases as the hydrocyanic acid. Dose, a quarter 
 of a grain. 
 
 Potassii Deuto-carbonas, Potassse carbonas. 
 
 Potassii Ferrocyanuee'tum, P. Ferrocyan'- 
 idum, Ferrocy'anide or Ferrocyan'uret of Potas- 
 sium, Ferrocy'anate or Ferroprussiafe or Prussi- 
 ate of Potassa, (F.) Protocyanure jatine de fer et 
 de potassium, Cyanure de fer et de potassium. The 
 yellow double cyanuret of potassium and iron, 
 the salt from which the cyanuret of potassium is 
 obtained by calcination. It is not much used in 
 medicine. It has been advised as an astringent 
 in the colliquative sweats of phthisis, in leucor- 
 rho3a, &c. : but it does not seem to be possessed 
 of much activity. Dose, 10 or 15 grains every 
 four or five hours. 
 
 Potassii Hydrar'gyro-iod'idum, Potassa To- 
 dohydrar' gyras, Hydrargyrum biiodatumeum kalio 
 iodato, Kalium iodatum hydrargyratum, lodhy- 
 drar'gyrate or Hydrargyro-iodide of Potassium. 
 This salt is made by the combination of iodide 
 of potassium with red iodide of mercury. Its 
 properties are similar to those of the iodides of 
 mercury, but in a less degree. 
 
 Potassii Iodidum, Potassaa hydriodas — p. lo- 
 duretum, Potassae hydriodas — p. Oxygeno-chlo- 
 ruretum, Potassae murias hyperoxygenatus — p. 
 Protoxidi hydriodas, Potassas hydriodas. 
 
 Potassii Sulpho-cyandre'tum, Sulpho-cyan'- 
 uret of Potas'sium. This salt has been prepared 
 as a substitute for hydrocyanic acid, and cyanu- 
 ret of potassium, on the ground of its possessing 
 their advantages without their inconveniences. 
 
 Potassii Sulphure'tum, Potas'sa Sulphzire'- 
 turn seu tersulphure'tmn. Kali sulphuretum, Hepar 
 Sulph'uris, H. sulphuris sali'num seu sulph'uris 
 vulga're, Suljohure'tum lixiv'im seu ka'Ucum, 
 Liver of Sulphur, Sulphuret of Potass, (F.) Sul- 
 fure de potasse, Sulfure de potassium sulfate, 
 Foie de Soufre. {Sulphur, ^j, Potasses earb. ,^ij. 
 Rub them together, and place the mixture in a 
 covered crucible upon the fire until they unite. 
 It has been employed in affections of the chest, 
 as an expectorant, in the dose of from Jss to 3j, 
 
 largely diluted : but it is chiefly used as a bath 
 or wash in cases of itch, tinea capitis, and other 
 cutaneous affections.) 
 
 Potassii Tersulphuretcm, Potassii sulphu- 
 retum. 
 
 POTASSIUM. Same etymon as potash. The 
 metallic base of potassa. 
 
 P0TASSIU3I, BROMURE DE, see Bromine 
 — p. Cyanuret of, Potassii cyanuretum — p. Ferro- 
 cyanide of, Potassii ferrocyanuretum — p. Ferro- 
 cyanuret of, Potassii ferrocyanuretum — p. Iodide 
 of, Potassae hydriodas — p. lodohydrargyrate of, 
 Potassii hydrargyro-iodidum — p. lodure de, Po- 
 tassae hydriodas— p. Oxide of. Potass — p. Proto- 
 arsenite of, Arsenite of protoxide of potassium — p. 
 Protochlorate of, Potassae murias hyperoxygena- 
 tus — p. Protonitrate of, Potassae nitras — p. Pro- 
 toxide of. Potass — p. Protoxide of, nitrate of, Po- 
 tassas nitras — p. Protoxide of, superoxalate of, 
 Potass, oxalate of — p. Protoxide of, supertartrate 
 of, Potassas supertartras — p. Protosulphate of, 
 Potassae sulphas — p. Sulfure de, sulfatS, Potassii 
 sulphuretum — p. Sulphuret of, Potassii sulphu- 
 retum — p. Superprotosulphate of, Potassa; super- 
 sulphas. 
 
 POTATO, Solanura tuberosum. 
 
 Potato Fly, Lytta vittata. 
 
 Potato, Hog, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 
 Potato Oil, Oil, fusel. By distilling potato oil 
 with anhydrous phosphoric acid, a volatile color- 
 less oily liquid is procured, which is lighter than 
 water, and boils at 102°. This is Am'ylene oi 
 Am'ylen, (F.) Amylene. It is best prepared from 
 fusel oil by the action of chloride of zinc. The 
 vapour has been employed as an anesthetic. 
 
 Potato, Spanish, Convolvulus batatas — p 
 Sweet, Convolvulus batatas. 
 
 Potato Vine, Wild, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 
 Potato, Wild, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 
 POTBELLY, Physconia. 
 
 POTECARY, Apothecary. 
 
 POTELEE, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 POTENTIA, Force." 
 
 Poten'tia seu Potes'tas Coeun'di, Capability 
 of copulation. 
 
 PoTENTiA Generan'di. The power of procre- 
 ation. 
 
 Potentia Irritans, Stimulus. 
 
 POTEN'TIAL, Potentia' lis, (F.) Potevtiel ; 
 frova potens,'a.h\e.' An epithet for remedies which, 
 although energetic, do not act till sometime after 
 their application. The caustic alkalies, for in- 
 stance, are called Potential cauteries in contradis- 
 tinction to the hot iron, which is termed actual. 
 
 POTENTILLA, P. reptans. 
 
 Potentil'la Anseri'na, P. argenti'na seu im- 
 pio'lita seu neglee'ta, Argenti'na vulgn'ris, Fra- 
 ga'ria anseri'na, Ar'gentine, Chenobos'con, Ar- 
 genta'ria, Anseri'na, Silver Weed, Wild Tansy, 
 ihiorgrass, (F.) Argentine, Potentille, Herbe aux 
 oies. Urd. Rosaceae. The leaves are mildly 
 astringent and tonic. 
 
 Potentilla Argentina, P. anserina — p. Im- 
 polita, P. anserina — p. Neglecta, P. anserina. 
 
 Potentilla Norveg"ica, Norway Cinque-foil, 
 an indigenous plant, is possessed of similar pro- 
 perties. 
 
 Potentilla Palustris, Comarum palustre. 
 
 Potentil'la Reptans, PentaphyVlum, Fraga'- 
 ria pentaphyl'lum, Potentil'la, Quinquefo'lium, 
 Q. majus, Common cinquefoil, (F.) Potentille ram- 
 pante, Quintefeuille. The roots are possessed of 
 astringent properties. 
 
 Potentilla Tormentilla, Tormentilla. 
 
 POTENTILLE, Potentilla anserina— p. Ram 
 pante, Potentilla reptans. 
 
 POTENTIZING, see Dynamic. 
 
 POTERIUM SANGUISORBA, Pimpinella 
 saxifraga. 
 
POTESTAS COEUNDI 
 
 752 
 
 FOULS 
 
 POTESTAS COEUNDI, Potentia coeundi— p. 
 Generandi, Potentia generandi. 
 POTEX, Anus. 
 
 POTHOMOR'PHA PELTA'TA, Poihomor'phe 
 pelta'ta, (pothos, anQ\ ixopifiTj, 'shape,') Caapeba[?]. 
 A Brazilian plant. Order, PiperaceiB, which is 
 possessed of diuretic properties, and has been 
 given in strangury. 
 
 PoTHOMORPHA Umbella'ta, also called Caa- 
 peba [?], is used in Brazil to modify nutrition, as 
 in glandular affections, in which it is also given 
 externally in the form of decoction. 
 
 POTHOS FCETIDA, Dracontium foetidum— p. 
 Putorii, Dracontium foetidum. 
 POTIMOS, Potable. 
 
 POTIO, Drink, Haustus, Potion — p. Calcis 
 carbonatis, Mistura cretae — p. EfFervescens anti- 
 emetica. Potion of Riverius — p. Leniens, Looch 
 ex ovo — p. Oleosa, Looch es ovo — p. Picea, see 
 Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 POTION (P.), Potio; from poto, 'I drink.' 
 HydroU, Hydrolite. A liquid medicine, from 4 
 to 8 ounces or more in quantity, the composition 
 of which varies, and which is administered in di- 
 vided doses. It corresponds to the English mix- 
 tare. See Mistura. 
 
 POTION PECTORALE, Looch ex ovo. 
 Potion op Rive'rius. A mixture of Lemon 
 Juice and Siibcarbonate of Potass, — generally 
 given in a state of effervescence. It is the Potio 
 efferves'cens anti-emet'ica dicta Rive'rii, of the 
 Parisian codex. The name in the codex indi- 
 cntcs its US6. 
 
 POTIONIS DESIDERIUM, Thirst. 
 POT IRON Cucurbita pepo. 
 POTIUNCULA, Haustus. 
 POTOPARAN(EA, Delirium tremens. 
 POTOS, Potable. 
 
 POTOTROMOPARANCEA, Delirium tremens. 
 POTTINGAR, Apothecary. 
 POTT'S CURVATURE, Vertebral disease. 
 POTT'S DISEASE, Vertebral disease. 
 POTUS, Drink — p. Hip[iocraticus, Claret. 
 POU, Pediculus. 
 POUCE, PoUex, see Digitus. 
 POUCHED, Encysted. 
 
 POUCHES, LARYNGEAL, see Laryngeal 
 pouches. 
 
 POUDRE, Powder, Putvis — p. Absorbante et 
 anti-acide, Pulvis de magnesia compositus — p. 
 d'Alun comjiosee, Pulvis sulphatis aluminae com- 
 positus — p. Antiarthritiqne amere, Pulvis de 
 amaris compositus — p. Antiasthmatiqne, Pulvis 
 de sulphure et scilla — p. Antimoniale composee ou 
 de James, Antimonial powder — p. Aromatique, 
 Pulvis cinnamomi compositus — p. d'Asarum com- 
 piosee dite sternufatoire, Pulvis asari compositus 
 — p. Bahamique, Pulvis myrrhaa compositus — p. 
 de Birckmann, Pulvis de aro compositus — p. de 
 Blanchement, Calcis chloridum — p. de Cannelle 
 composee ou aromatique, Pulvis cinnamomi com- 
 positus — p. Castillon, see Powders, Castillon — p, 
 Cathartique, Pulvis scammoneee compositus — p. 
 Gnustique dii frere Cosme, Powder, arsenical, of 
 Come — p. de Chypre, see Cladonia rangiferrina — 
 p. du Comte de Palme, Magnesia carbonas — p. 
 Cornachine, Pulvis cornachini — p. de Come bru- 
 lee avec opium, Pulvis cornu usti cum opio — p. 
 Colon, see Collodion — p. de Craie composee, Pul- 
 A'is crettB compositus — p. de Craie composee avec 
 opium, see Pulvis cretse compositus cum opio — p. 
 de Dower, Pulvis ipecacuanha? compositus — p. du 
 Due de Portland, Pulvis Ducis Portlandiae — p. 
 de Dupuytren, Powder of Dupuytren — p. Gazi- 
 fere laxative, Powders, Seidlitz — p. Gazifire 
 simple. Powders, soda — p. de Gomme adragant 
 composee, Pulvis tragaeanthEe compositus — p. de 
 Gomme gutle, Pulvis e guinmi gutta — p. Hydra- 
 gogue, Pulvis e gummi gutta — 2'- Incisive, Pulvis 
 
 de sulphure et scilla — p. d' Ipecacuanha et opium, 
 Pulvis ipecacuanhse compositus — p. de Jalap 
 composee, Pulvis jalapse compositus — p. de Kino 
 composee, Pulvis kino compositus — p. de la Mi- 
 randole, Pulvis Ducis Portlandiae — p. de Perard, 
 Pulvis de senna, scammonea et lignis — p. de 
 Quercetanus, Pulvis e gummi gutta — p. de Rous- 
 selot. Powder, arsenical, of Come — p. de Saint 
 Ange, Pulvis asari compositus — p. de Savon vege- 
 tale, Pulvis gummosus alkalinus — p. de Scammo- 
 nee composee, Pulvis seammonese compositus — p, 
 de Sedlitz, Powders, Seidlitz — p. de Sine compo- 
 see, Pulvis sennfe comp. — p. de Sentinelli, Mag- 
 nesia carbonas — p. Styptique, Pulvis sulphatis 
 aluminse compositus. 
 
 POUDRE SUBTIL BE DEL CROIX. A 
 fashionable depilatory " for removing superfluous 
 hair in less than ten minutes." It is said to con- 
 sist of Quicklime and Sulphuret of Arsenic, with 
 some vegetable powder. — Paris. 
 
 POUDRE TEMPERANTE BE STAHL, 
 Pulvis de sulphate potassaj compositus — pi. de 
 Tennant, Calcis chloridum — p. de Vcdenfini, Mag- 
 nesise carbonas — p. Vermifuge 7nercurielle, Pulvis 
 e sulphureto hydrargyro nigro et scammonio — p. 
 Vermifuge sans viercure, Pulvis ex helminthocorto 
 compositus. 
 
 POUDRE BE Z WINGER, Magnesise car- 
 bonas. 
 
 POUGUES, MINERAL "WATERS OF. These 
 alkaline waters are in the department of Nievre, 
 France. They contain carbonic acid, carbonates 
 of soda, lime, and magnesia; chloride of sodium ; 
 alumina, and silica, with protoxide of iron. 
 POUKE, Papula. 
 POU LAIN, Bubo. 
 
 POULET, VIN BE (F.) Pidlet Wine. A 
 disgusting preparation, made by infusing the ex- 
 crement of the pullet in white wine. According 
 to Nysten, it is employed by the vulgar in France 
 in a number of diseases, and especially in falls, 
 contusions, Ac. 
 
 POULIOT, Mentha pulegium. 
 POULS, Pulse— p. Abdominal, Pulsus inferior 
 — p. des Adidtes, Pulse, natural — p. Agile, Pulsus 
 fortis — J). Bas, Pulse, low — p. Capital, Pulse, 
 nasal — p. Combine, Pulse, complex — p.Complique, 
 Pulse, complex — p. Compose, Pulse, complex — p. 
 Concentre, Pulse, contracted — p. Befaillant, Pul- 
 sus deficiens — p. Beprime, Pulse, depressed — p. 
 BevelopiJe, Pulse, developed — p. de la Diarrhee, 
 Pulse, intestinal — p. Bur, Pulse, hard— />. Eleve, 
 Pulse, ardent — p. Embarrasse, Pulsus intricatus 
 — p. de I'Estomac, Pulse, stomachal — p. Etroit, 
 Pulsus strictus — p. de I' Expectoration, Pulse, 
 pectoral — p. Faihle, Pulse, feeble — p. du Foie, 
 Pulse, hepatic — p. Grand, Pulse, large — p. Insen~ 
 sible. Pulsus deficiens — p. Intereadent, Pulse, in- 
 termittent — p. des Intestins, Pulse, intestinal — p. 
 Languissant, Pulse, languid — p. Lent, Pulse, slow 
 — p. de la Matrice, Pulsus uterinus — p, Moderi, 
 Pulse, natural — p. Mou, Pulse, soft — p. de Nez, 
 Pulse, nasal — p. Ondoyant, Pulse, undulating — 
 p. Ondulant, Pulse, undulating — p. Palpitant, 
 Pulse, tremulous — p. Parfait, Pulse, natural — p. 
 Petit, Pulse, small — p. Plein, Pulse, full — p. 
 Precipite, Pulse, frequent — p. Profond, Pulse, 
 deep — ]}. Prompt, Pulse, sharp — p. Rare, Pulse, 
 slow — p. Rebondissant, Pulsus dicrotus — p. Re- 
 double, Pulsus dicrotus — p. des Regies, Pulsus 
 uterinus — p. Roide, Pulse, tense — p. Serratile, 
 Pulsus serrinus — p. Serri, Pulse, contracted — p. 
 de la Sueur, Pulsus sudoralis — p. Tardif, Pulse, 
 slow — p. Tendu, Pulse, tense — p. Tremblant, 
 Pulse, tremulous — p. de I' Urine, Pulsus urinalis 
 — p. Vehement, Pulsus fortis — p. Ventral, Pulsus 
 inferior — p. Vide, Pulsus vacuus — p. Vif, Pulse, 
 sharp — ^3. Vite, Pulse, sharp. 
 
POULTICE 
 
 753 
 
 POX 
 
 POULTICE, Cataplasm. For different poul- 
 tices, see Cataplasm and Cataplasma. 
 
 POUNCE, Sandarac. 
 
 POUND, Libra, Litra, >.tTpa, Pondo, Ba- 
 fje'dia (of twelve oz.), Barda'dia, (F.) Livre, 
 from pondere, 'to weigh.' A weight, consisting 
 of twelve ounces Troy, — sixteen ounces avoirdu- 
 pois. See Weights and Measures. 
 
 POURD-MILK, Colostrum. 
 
 POURPIER CULTIVE, Portulaca. 
 
 POURPRE, Purpura— j9. Blanc, Miliary fe- 
 ver — p. de Cassius, Purple of Cassius. 
 
 POURRITURE, Putrefaction—^. d'Hopital, 
 Hospital gangrene. 
 
 POUS, Pes. 
 
 POUSSE, Pursiness. 
 
 POUSSE E, Lichen. 
 
 POUSSIERE TUBERCULEUSE (Y.), 'Tu- 
 berculous Dust.' A name given by MM. Rilliet 
 and Barthez to fine white or yellow minute points 
 of tuberculous matter occurring in myriads, so as 
 to be likened to dust. 
 
 POUSSIF, see Pursiness. 
 
 POW, Head. 
 
 POWDER, Pulvis. 
 
 Powder op ^thio'pia, Guy's. A once cele- 
 brated anthelmintic, which consisted of pure 
 rasped tin, mercury, and sulphur, triturated to- 
 gether. 
 
 Powder op Aloes, Compound, Pulvis aloes 
 compositus, Pulvis sulphatis alumina compositus 
 — p. of Aloes with canella, Pulvis aloes cum ca- 
 nella — p. Alum, compound, Pulvis sulphatis 
 alumina compositus — p. Antimonial, Chenevix's, 
 Antimonial powder — p. Aromatic, Pulvis cinna- 
 momi compositus. 
 
 Powder, Arsen'ical, of Come, Come's powder, 
 (F.) Poudre caustique dufrere Cosme ou de Rons- 
 selot — a caustic — is formed of arsenious acid, gr. 
 x; red snlphttret of mercury, gr. xl ; powdered 
 animal charcoal, gr. x. It is made into a paste 
 with mucilage. 
 
 Powder, Arsen'ical, of Justamond, is made 
 by melting snlphuret of antimony 16 parts; 
 arsenious acid \ part, in a crucible. When the 
 mass is cold it must be reduced to powder, and 
 five parts of extract of opium be added. 
 
 Powder op Arum, compound, Pulvis de aro 
 compositus — p. of Asarabacca, compound, Pulvis 
 asari compositus — p. of Bladder-wrack, yellow, 
 Pulvis querciis marinse — p. Bleaching, Calcis 
 chloridum — p. Camboge, Pulvis e gummi gutta — 
 p. Cardinal del Lugo's, Cinchona — p. Castillon, 
 see Powders, Castillon — p. of Catechu, compound, 
 Pulvis Catechu compositus — p. of Chalk, com- 
 pound, Pulvis cretse compositus — p. of Chalk 
 with opium, compound, Pulvis cretaB compositus 
 cum 'Dpio— p. of Cinnamon, compound, Pulvis 
 cinnamomi compositus — p. Come's, Powder arse- 
 nical of Come — p. of Contrayerva, compound, 
 Pulvis contrayervas compositus — p. Countess's, 
 Cinchona — p. Countess of Kent's, Cantianus pul- 
 vis — p. Cyprus, Hibiscus abelmoschus — p. Do- 
 ver's, Pulvis ipocacuanhae compositus. 
 
 Powder op Dupuytren (Caustic;) (F.) Pou- 
 dre de Dupuytren, formed of 1 part of arsenious 
 acid and 200 parts of mild chloride of mercury. 
 A mild and manageable caustic for causing an 
 eschar on exposed surfaces, and in lupus, &c. 
 
 Powder, Earl of Warwick's, Pulvis corna- 
 chini — p. of Ethiopia, Powder of Ethiopia. 
 
 Powder of Faynard. A celebrated powder 
 for arresting hemorrhage, said to be nothing 
 more than t'j/3 charcoal of beech wood finely pul- 
 verized. 
 
 Powder, F/:ter, Schwanberg's, Antimonial 
 powder. 
 4.3 
 
 Powder-Folder, In Pharmacy, an apparatus 
 by which papers containing powders are folded 
 of the desired length. 
 
 Powder, Gingbr-beer, see Amomum zingiber 
 — p. Gout, Duke of Portland's, Pulvis Ducis Port- 
 landiae — p. Gray, Hydrargyrum cum creta — p. 
 of burnt Hartshorn with opium, Pulvis cornu 
 cervi cum opio — p. of Ipecacuanha, compound, 
 Pulvis ipecacuanhse compositus — p. of Jalap, 
 compound, Pulvis jalapae compositus — p. James's 
 factitious, Antimonial powder — p. Jesuit's, Cin- 
 chona — p. of Kino, compound, Pulvis kino com- 
 positus. 
 
 Powder, Knox's. A disinfecting preparation, 
 composed of eight parts of chloride of sodium, 
 and three parts of chlorinated lime. An ounce, 
 dissolved in a tumblerful of water, forms a solu- 
 tion of proper strength. 
 
 Powder op Lemonade, see Lemonade — p. of 
 Magnesia, compound, Pulvis de magnesia com- 
 positus — p. of the Marquis, Marchionis pulvis — 
 p. Mead's, against the bite of a Mad dog, Pulvis 
 antilyssus — p. Myrrh, compound, Pulvis myrrhsB 
 compositus — p. Portland, Pulvis Ducis Portlandiae 
 — p. of Rhubarb, compound, Pulvis rhei compositus 
 — p. Saline, compound, Pulvis salinus compositus 
 
 — p. of the three Sanders, see Diatrium — p. 
 Scammony and aloes, Pulvis scammonii cum aloe 
 
 — p. Scammony, compound, Pulvis scammonise 
 compositus — p. of Senna, compound, Pulvis sen- 
 nae compositus — p. Snei'zing, see Veratrum album 
 — p. Spruce beer, see Spruce beer — p. of Sympathy, 
 Sympathetic powder — p. Talbor's, Cinchona — 
 
 — p. Tennant's, Calcis chloridum — p. Tonquin, 
 Pulvis cobbii — p. Tooth, Dentifrice — p. Tra- 
 gacanth, compound, Pulvis tragacanthse compo- 
 situs. 
 
 Powder, Vien'na, is composed of equal parts 
 of quicklime and potassa cum calce. In using 
 it, it is made into a paste — Vienna pufte, (F.) 
 Caustique de Vienne, Pate Caustique de Vieitne — 
 — with spirits of wine, and is applied on the dis- 
 eased part, previously circumscribed by a hole 
 cut in a sticking plaster. 
 
 To be left on from 10 to 20 minutes, according 
 to the depth of the eschar required. Used in 
 cases of lupous ulceration. 
 
 By fusing the potass and lime, and raising the 
 heat so as to cause ebullition, the caustic may be 
 run into cylinders: — when it is called Caustique- 
 Filhos, Cavs'ticum Viennen'se fustnn Filhos, from 
 the name of the author of the process. 
 
 Powders, Castillon, or Castiliion, so called 
 from the name of the physician who first proposed 
 them. They are formed of sacfo, in powder ; salep, 
 in powder; tragacanth, in powder, each, four 
 parts ; prepiared oyster-shells, one part, cochineal, 
 half a part, divided into powders of one drachm 
 each : one of which is given three or four times 
 a day as a demulcent in diarrhoea and dysentery. 
 Dorvault vaak^s, poudre de Castilhon sj'nonymous 
 with arrow root. 
 
 Powders, Soda, Pul'veres effervescen'tes, (F.) 
 Poudres gaziferes simples. [SodcB cnrb. ^ss, in 
 each blue paper; tartaric acid, gr. xxv, in each 
 li-hite paper; for half a pint of water.) A pleasant, 
 cooling drink ; taken during the effervescence. 
 
 Seidlitz Potoders, (P.) Poudres gaziferes laxa- 
 tives ou Poudres de Sedlitz, contain one or two 
 drachms of tartrate of potassa and soda, added 
 to the alkali in blue paper. 
 
 POWER, Faculty— p. Inherent, Irritability— 
 p. Sensorial, see Sensorial — p. Tonic, Irritability. 
 
 POX, Syphilis, Variola — p. Chicken, Varicella. 
 
 Pox Doctor, Syphilidiater. 
 
 Pox, French, Syphilis — p. Grease, see Grease 
 — p. Horn, see Varicella — p. Noddle, Syphiloma- 
 nia — p. Small, Variola — p. Swine, see Varicella 
 — p. Water, see Varicella. 
 
POZZUOLI, MINERAL WATERS OF 754 
 
 PREDISPOSITION 
 
 POZZUOLT, MINERAL WATERS OF. Poz- 
 xuoli is in the neighbourhood of Naples. The 
 springs are, 1. Aqua della pietra, Temp. 91° Fah. 
 2. Acqun di Cavalcaiiti, Temp. 100°. A. di sub- 
 veni honu'ni, Temp. 102° ; A. del cantarello, Temp. 
 86 to 89°; and that of the Temple of Serapis in 
 Pozzuoli, Temp. 102 to 107°. The last contains 
 carbonic acid, carbonates of lime, magnesia, alu- 
 mina, and iron, carbonate of soda, chloride of 
 sodium, sulphate of lime, and silica. 
 
 PRACTICE OF PHYSIC, Therapeutics. 
 PRACTITIONER, GENERAL, Surgeon apo- 
 thecary — p. Irregular, see Irregular — p. Regular, 
 see Regular — p. Routine, Routinist. 
 
 PRJE. In composition, means 'before.' 
 PR^BIUM, Dose. 
 PRiECAUTIO, Prophylaxis. 
 
 PR^CIPITANS, Absorbent— p. Magnum, 
 Sepia. 
 
 PRiECIPITATUM ALBUM, Hydrargyrum 
 praecipitatum. 
 
 PR^CIPITATUS RUBER, Hydrargyri ni- 
 trico-oxydum. 
 
 PR^CISIO PR^PUTII, Circumcision. 
 
 PRJ5C0CIA, Prunus Armeniaca. 
 
 PRJECOCITY, Precocity. 
 
 PR^COGNITIO, Prognosis. 
 
 PR^CORD'IA, from prce, and cor, cordis, 
 'the heart.' The diaphragm; also, the thoracic 
 viscera, and the epigastrium. 
 
 PrjECOr'dial or Precordial Region, Re'gio 
 pracordiaca seu pracordia'lis, is the epigastric 
 region. Also, and more properly, the region of 
 the heart. A line drawn from the inferior mar- 
 gins of the third ribs across the sternum, passes 
 over the valves of the pulmonary artery a little 
 to the left of the mesial line, and those of the 
 aorta are behind them, but about half an inch 
 lower down. A vertical line, coinciding with the 
 left margin of the sternum, has about one-third 
 of the heart, comprising the upper portion of the 
 right ventricle, on the right, — and two-thirds, 
 comprising the lower portion of the right ventri- 
 cle and the whole of the left, on the left. This 
 is the prEecordial region. 
 
 PRiECORDIUM, FoBsette du cceur — p. Pedis, 
 Metatarsus. 
 
 PRECOX MATURITAS, Precocity. 
 
 PR^CUSTODIA, Prophylaxis. 
 
 PR/FDIASTOLICUS, Prediastolic. 
 
 PR^DICTIO, Prognosis. 
 
 PRiBDISPOSITIO, Predisposition. 
 
 PR^DIVINATIO, Mantia. 
 
 PR^DOMIN'IUM, from prm, and domo, domi- 
 tum, ' I subdue.' Predominance of one thing over 
 another. 
 
 Pr^domin'ium AqujE. a predominance of 
 watery fluid, — Tenu'Has aquo'sa. 
 
 Pr^dominium San'guinis Arterio'si. A pre- 
 dominance of arterial blood, Arterios' Has san'- 
 guinis. 
 
 PR^DOMiu'itrM San'guinis Veno'si, Venos'itas 
 San'guinis. Predominance of venous blood. 
 
 PR^FOCATIO, Orthopnoea, Suffocation — p. 
 Faucium, Angone — p. Matricis, Angone — p. Ute- 
 rina, Angone. 
 
 PR^FOCATION, Strangulatio uterina. 
 
 PR^FORMATIO, Preformation. 
 
 PR^GNANS, Pregnant. 
 
 PRjEGNAS, Pregnant. 
 
 PRiEGNATIO, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 PR^ilGNATUS, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 PR^GNAX, Pregnant. 
 
 PRiEGUSTATIO, Avant-gout. 
 
 PR^HENSIO, Prehensio. 
 
 PRiELIN'GUA. The anterior part or tip of 
 the tongue. 
 
 PR^LIUM, Coition, Press, Tourniquet — p. 
 Arteriale, Tourniquet. 
 
 PR^LUMBARIS, Prelumbar. 
 
 PR^NOTIO, Prognosis. 
 
 PR^NUNTIATIO, Prognosis. 
 
 PR J5PARATI0, Preparation— p. Chyli, Chy- 
 lification. 
 
 PRiEPARATUM, Preparation. 
 
 PR^POTEN'TIA, from prm, and potens, 
 'powerful,' Great power or strength. 
 
 Pr^epoten'tia Viri'lis. Great, or too great 
 procreative power on the part of the male. 
 
 PR^POTIO, Propotismus. 
 
 PRJSPUTIALIS, Preputial. 
 
 PR^PUTIUM, Prepuce. 
 
 PR^SAGIUM, Mantia. 
 
 PR^SCIENTIA, Prognosis. 
 
 PR^SCITIO, Prognosis. 
 
 PR^SCRIPTIO, Prescription. 
 
 PR^SCRIPTUM, Prescription. 
 
 PR^SEPIOLUM, Alveolus. 
 
 PR^SEPIUM, Alveolus. 
 
 PR^SERVATIO, Prophylaxis. 
 
 PR^SERVATIVUM, Amuletum. 
 
 PR^SERVATO'RIA INDICA'TIO. A pre- 
 servative indication ; one proper for preventing 
 the development of disease. 
 
 PR.j;SERVATORIUS, Prophylactic. 
 
 PR^SPINALIS, Prespinal. 
 
 PR^TIBIALIS, Pretibial. 
 
 PRAIRIE BUSH, STINKING, Ptelea trifo- 
 liata — p. Pines, Liatris. 
 
 PRASINUM VIRIDE, Cupri subacetas. 
 
 PRASINUS, Porraceous. 
 
 PRASI'TES, from prasium, 'horehound.' 
 Wine in which the leaves of horehound have 
 been infused. 
 
 PRASIUM, Marrubium. 
 
 PRASUM, Allium prasum. 
 
 PRAXIS, Action. 
 
 Praxis Med'ica. The practical exercise of 
 the healing art. 
 
 PREASER, Rennet. 
 
 PRECIPITATE, RED, Hydrargyri nitrico- 
 osydura — p. White, Hydrargyrum praecipitatum. 
 
 PRECIPITA'TIONJ PrcpcipHa'tio, (F.) PrS- 
 eipite, from prcBcipitare, prcecipitatum, (prcB, and 
 caput, 'the head,') ' to throw headlong.' The ac- 
 tion by which a body abandons a liquid in which 
 it is dissolved, and becomes deposited at the bot- 
 tom of the vessel. The matter, so thrown down 
 or precipitated, is called a. precipitnte. 
 
 PRECIPITATION DE LA MATRICE, Pro- 
 cidentia uteri. 
 
 PRECIPITE BLANO, Hydrargyrum praeci- 
 pitatum — p. Noir, see Hydrargyri oxydum cine- 
 reum — p. Oxydum per se, Hj'drargyri nitrico-oxy- 
 dum — p. Rouge, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum. 
 
 PRECOCITY, Preco'ciousness, (F.) Precoeiti, 
 Pr<Bcox matu'rilas, Matu'rity preco'cious, from 
 pros, ' before,' and coquere, 'to cook.' Rapid de- 
 velopment before the usual time. See Proeotia. 
 
 PRECORDIAL, Praecordial. 
 
 PRECUR'SORY, Pracurso'rim, (F.) Precur- 
 seur, from pr(B, and curro, cursum, 'I run.' That 
 which precedes. 
 
 Precur'sory or Premon'itort Signs or Symp- 
 toms, (F.) Signes precurseurs ou premonitoires, 
 S. nvant coureurs, are those which indicate an 
 approaching disease. 
 
 PREDIAS'TOLIC, Pradiastol'ieut, from prce, 
 and diastole. That which precedes the diastole 
 of the heart, — as 'prediastolic friction sound.' 
 
 PREDISPONENT or PREDISPOSING 
 CAUSES, see Causes, predisponent. 
 
 PREDISPOSIT"ION, Pr<Bdispo8it"io, Semin'- 
 ia morbo'rum (Gaubius) ; from pra, and dispo- 
 nere, dispositum, 'to dispose.' (F.) Imminence 
 morbide. That constitution or condition of the 
 body, which disposes it to the action of disease 
 
PREDORSAL 
 
 755 
 
 PREGNANCY 
 
 under the application of an exciting cause. Thus, 
 in hereditary diseases, the conformation is such, 
 that but a slight exciting cause may be required 
 to produce them. When the disease arises solely 
 from the predisposition, or under the additional 
 influence of an extremely slight exciting cause, 
 it is, by some, termed a dispoxition. 
 
 PREDOR'SAL, Prcedofsa'lis, from prep., and 
 dorsum, 'the back.' That which is in front of 
 the back. 
 
 PRyEDORSAL Region of the vertebral column is 
 the anterior surface of the dorsal region. 
 
 PRE-DORSO-ATLOJDIEN, Longus colli. 
 
 PRE-DORSO-CERVICAL, Longus colli. 
 
 PRE-EXISTENCB OP GERMS, see Pre- 
 formation. 
 
 PREFORMA'TION, Prwforma'tio, from prcB, 
 'before,' and forma tio, 'forming.' An ancient 
 theory of generation, which maintained that the 
 germ of every part exists, but not visibly, before 
 fecundation, and that fecundation occasions their 
 development. It was the doctrine of pre-exist- 
 eiice of germs. 
 
 PREG'NANCY, Pragna'tio, Pragna'tua, Im- 
 prtBgna'tio, Ingravida'tio, from proi, and genere, 
 'to beget;' Hysterocye'sis, Gravid' itas, G. ule- 
 ri'na, En'cymon, Cye'nis, Encye'sis, En'cysis, 
 Encymo'sia, Cyopho'ria, Gesta'tioii, Foeta'tion, 
 Ingravida'tion, Utero-gcHta'tion ; (F. ) Grosseise. 
 The state of a female who has vvithin her a fecun- 
 dated germ, which gradually becomes developed in 
 or out of the uterus. When placed in the cavity of 
 the uterus, — by virtue of the vital principle which 
 animates it, it becomes attached to the inner sur- 
 face of that viscus, and obtains from it indirectly 
 the nutriment necessary for its gradual develop- 
 ment, during the space of ten lunar months or 
 two hundred and eighty days — the ordinary term 
 or duration oi gextation, although the period may 
 be protracted to 300 days or upwards, — at the 
 expiration of which parturition occurs. Preg- 
 nancy is commonly limited to a single foBtus : at 
 times, the uterus contains two or three. — See Re- 
 production. Occasionally, one or two moles — the 
 degenerated products of conception — alone occu- 
 py the uterus : — at other times, a foetus likewise 
 exists. In certain cases, and owing to accidental 
 circumstances, the fecundated ovum remains in 
 the ovarium, or is arrested in the Fallopian tube. 
 Pregnancy has, accordingly, been distinguished 
 into, 1. Natural or uterine, when the foetus is 
 carried in the cavity of the womb : and, 2. Pre- 
 ternatural or extrn-uterine, E.rfeta'tion, Concep'- 
 tio vitio'sa, Paracye'sis seu Ecoye'sis, Ecthystero- 
 cye'sis, Eehihysterocye' six, Dytto'cia, Dyscye'six 
 SOU Gravid' itai extra-uteri' na, (F.) Grossesse coii- 
 tre-nature, — when it occurs in the ovarium, tube, 
 or cavity of the abdomen. 
 
 During pregnancy, the female experiences re- 
 markable changes in the condition of her organs 
 and functions. The genital apparatus is, of 
 course, most affected. The uterus changes its 
 shape, situation, size, and texture. The usual 
 signs of pregnancy are, — suppression of the cata- 
 menia; the abdomen gradually enlarging and 
 forming a hard tumour; the umbilicus prominent 
 in the latter months ; the breasts increasing in 
 size; the areolaround the nipple becoming darker 
 and the follicles more developed; kyestein in the 
 urine from an early period; a bluish tint of the 
 vagina after the fourth week; about the fifth 
 month, the evidence by ballottement, the pla- 
 cental souffle, and the sound of the foetal heart 
 heard on auscultation ; the motion of the foetus 
 perceptible, and the neck of the uterus dimin- 
 ishing in length at the advanced periods. 
 
 Prrgvavcv, Abdom'inal, Ecoye'sis ahdominn' - 
 lis, Gxliocye'sis, Gravid'itas abdomina'lis, (F.J 
 
 Grossesse ahdominale. That in which the ovum 
 has escaped into the cavity of the abdomen. 
 
 Pregnancy, Afoe'tal, Pregnancy ivithout a 
 foetus, (F.) Grossesse afoetale ou sans foetus. 
 Pregnancy produced by a false or degenerate 
 conception, or any other affection, which has 
 given place to unusual development of the uterus. 
 Madame Boivin includes in this class, sarco-hya 
 teric, hydro-hysteric, gazo-hysteric, and hemato 
 hysteric pregnancies. 
 
 Pregnancy, Bigem'inal, (F.) Grossesse bigS- 
 minale. Double pregnancy. Pregnancy in which 
 there are twins in utero. — Madame Boivin. 
 
 Pregnancy, Complex, (F.) Grossesse com- 
 plexe, G. inter-extra uterine, is when the womb, 
 besides a foetus, contains much water, hydatids, 
 a mole, &c. 
 
 Pregnancy, Compodnd, Polybreph'ia, Poly- 
 cye'sia, Polycye'aie, (F.j Grossesse compoece, is 
 when there are two or three foetuses in the cavity 
 of the uterus. 
 
 Pregnancy, Double, Pregnancy, bigeminal — 
 p. Duration of, see Pregnancy — p. Extra-uterine, 
 see Pregnancy. 
 
 Preg'nancY, False, Gravid'itas spuria, (F.) 
 Grossesse fausse ou apparente, Pseudocye'sis. 
 Authors have thus called different affections of 
 a more or less serious character, which resemble 
 pregnancy; so as, at times, to impose upon the 
 best-informed practitioners. These diseases may 
 be seated in the uterus or its dependencies, in 
 the intestines or some other part of the abdomen. 
 They may be; — a mole, hydatids, water, blood, 
 or polypus distending the parietes of the uterus : 
 — chronic enlargement of the uterus; develop- 
 ment of tumours, <fec., in its substance ; — scirrhus : 
 dropsy of the ovaria; ascites; tympanites, Ac. 
 
 Pregnancy, Fcetal, (F.) Grossesse fcvtale. 
 Pregnancy in which there is a foetus, or more 
 than one, in the uterus or out of it. Madame 
 Boivin puts in this class — the solitary, bigeminal, 
 tri(/eminal, and sarco-fvetal pregnancies, which 
 form the first order; and the tubal, ovarial, and 
 abdominal, which constitute the second. 
 
 Pregnancy, Gazo-hyster'ic, (F.) Grossesse 
 Gazo-hysteriqne. Afoetal pregnancy, caused by 
 development of air or gas in the cavity of the 
 womb. — Madame Boivin. 
 
 Pregnancy, H^JfATO-nYSTERic, (F.) Grossesse 
 hemato-hysterique. Afoetal pregnancy, caused 
 by accumulation of blood in the uterus. — Madame 
 Boivin. 
 
 Pregnancy, Hydro-hysterio, (F.) Grossesse 
 hydro-hysterique. Afoetal pregnancy, occasioned 
 by the secretion and accumulation of serous fluid 
 in the uterus. 
 
 Pregnancy, Interstit"ial, Gravid'itas in 
 uteri subsian'tid seu interstitia'lis. The develop- 
 ment of the embryo in the proper substance of 
 the uterus. The case generally terminates fatally 
 at an early period of gestation ; the thin external 
 paries of the uterus being ruptured, and the ovum 
 passing into the abdominal cavity. 
 
 Pregnancy, Morbid, Paracye'sis, Dysto'eia, 
 Byscye'sis. The progress of pregnancy disturbed 
 or endangered by the supervention of general or 
 local disorder. — Good. 
 
 Pregnancy, Ova'rian, (F.) Grossesse ovarienne 
 ou de Vovaire, Eccye'sis ova'ria, O'driocye'sis, 
 Oocye'sis, Gravid'itas u'teri seu extra-uteri' na in 
 ona'rio. Pregnancy in which the foetus is de- 
 veloped in the interior of the ovary. 
 
 Pregnancy, Plea of. A plea, which a woman, 
 capitally convicted, may set up in arrest of exe- 
 cution until she is delivered. See Jury of Ma- 
 trons, and De ventre inspiciendo. 
 
 Pregnancy, Pbetend'ed. The criminal act 
 of a female, who, not having been delivered, pre- 
 sents an infant as having been born of her. (F.) 
 
PREGNANT 
 
 756 
 
 PRESCRIPTION 
 
 Supposition de part. (This term, in French, 
 likewise includes the case of a female, who, hav- 
 ing been delivered of a dead child, substitutes for 
 it a living child which is not hers.) 
 
 Pregnancy, Sarco-fcetal, (F.) Groasesse sar- 
 co-/<xt((le. Pregnancy in which there are one or 
 more foetuses, and one or more moles. — Madame 
 Boivin. 
 
 PRKG\ANCT,SARCO-HYSTERIC,(F.)<?''OS«essesar- 
 
 eo-hysteriqiie. Afcetal pregnancy formed by moles, 
 hydatids, or a false conception. — Madame Boivin. 
 Pregnancy, Sol'itary, (F.) Grosse^se solitaire 
 ou simple. Pregnancy in which there is a single 
 ffletus. — Madame Boivin. 
 
 Pregnancy, Trigem'inal, (F.) Grossesse tri- 
 geminale ou triple. Pregnancy in which there 
 are three foetuses in the cavity of the uterus. — 
 Madame Boivin. 
 
 Pregnancy, Tubal, (F.) Grossesse tuhaire, 
 Eccye'sis tuha'lis, Gravid'itas tnbn'rin. Preg- 
 nancy where the foetus remains and is developed 
 in the Fallopian tube. 
 
 Pregnancy, Uterine, see Pregnancy. 
 
 Pregnancy, Utero-abdom'inal, (F.) Grossesse 
 ittero-ahdominale. Pregnancy consisting of two 
 foetuses ; one in the uterus — the other in the ab- 
 dominal cavity. — Madame Boivin. 
 
 Pregnancy, Utbro-ova'rial, (F.) Grossesse 
 utero-ovarienne. Pregnancy with two foetuses, 
 one in the womb, the other in the ovary. 
 
 Pregnancy, Uterg-tiibal, (F.) Grossesse ufe- 
 ro-tuhnire. Pregnancy in which there is at the 
 same time a foetus in the womb and another in 
 the Fallopian tube. 
 
 PREGNANT, ProBrinnns, PrcBfjnas, Prcegnax, 
 Fetus, Foetus, Enenr'pos. Grav'ido, Plena mn'licr, 
 Incine'tn, Gravid, Breeding, (Old Eng.) Bealivff. 
 Same etymon. (F.) Enceinte. One in a state of 
 pregnancy ; — one with child. 
 
 PREHENSIO, Catalepsy, Epilepsy. 
 
 PREHEN'SION, Prehen'sio, from jyrehendere, 
 prehensian, 'to lay hold of.' The act of laying 
 hold of. 
 
 Prehension of Food is the act of seizing and 
 carrying it to the mouth, and introducing it into 
 that cavity. It is, also, called Assump'tio, Pro- 
 elep'sis, Pros'phora. 
 
 PRELE, Hippuris vulgaris. 
 
 PRELOMDAIRE, Prelumbar. 
 
 PRELOMBO-PUDIEN, Psoas parvus —js. 
 Trochnnfin, Psoas magnus. 
 
 PRELUM, Press — p. Arteriale, Tourniquet. 
 
 PRELUM'BAR, PrcBhimha'ris, (F.) Prelom- 
 hnire, from pra, and litmhi, 'the loins.' That 
 which is placed before the loins. The prelumbar 
 surface of the spinal column is the anterior sur- 
 face of the lumbar portion. 
 
 PREMIERES VOTES, Prirase vise. 
 
 PREMOLAR, see Molar teeth. 
 
 PREMONITORY, see Precursory. 
 
 PRENAN'THES, Gall of the Earth, Dewitt 
 Snaket-oot, Lion's Foot. There are many species 
 of this indigenous plant, whose root and milky 
 juice are very bitter. They are used in popular 
 practice in dysentery ; and in the form of cata- 
 plasm to bites of serpents. 
 
 Prenanthes Alba, Nabalus albus — p. Serpen- 
 taria, Nabalus albus. 
 
 PRENDRE INSORTPTTON, see Matriculate. 
 
 PRE PAR ATE ( VETNE), see Facial vein. 
 
 PREPARA'TION, Prmparn'tio, from pree, 
 and pnrare, paratum, 'to get ready.' The act of 
 making ready any substance whatever that has 
 ti) bo employed for any purpose. 
 
 Also, the product of any pharmaceutical ope- 
 ration ; — Prmpara'tum. 
 
 Any part of the human body, preserved for the 
 uses of the anatomist, is so called. 
 
 PREP'UCE, PrcBpu'tium, Epago' gium , Posthe 
 Pella, Pos'thinm, Pu'tinm, Foreskin. The pro- 
 longation of the integuments of the penis, which 
 covers the glans. The prepuce is composed of 
 two membranous layers : one external or cuta- 
 neous; the other internal or mucous, separated 
 by areolar membrane. The mucous membrane 
 lines the inner surface of the cutaneous layer till 
 beyond the glans, when it is reflected over the 
 latter; forming, behind the corona, a small cid- 
 de-sac above the corpora cavernosa, which is in- 
 terrupted hj a triangular duplicature of the mu- 
 cous membrane, called the fr(pnum, fixed in the 
 furrow at the inferior part of the glans, and ter- 
 minating at a little distance from the orifice of 
 the urethra. The clitoris is covered by a semi- 
 lunar fold formed by a continuation of the skin 
 of the labia. It is called Prcepu'tium clitor'idis. 
 
 PREPU'TIAL, Prmputia'lis. Belonging or 
 relating to the prepuce; — as the 'preputial se- 
 cretion, — or that which takes place from the lining 
 of the prepuce covering the glans. 
 
 PRESBYODOCHIUM, Gerocomium. 
 
 PRESBYON'OSI; from irp£(r/?vf, 'old,' and 
 voaiii;, ' disease.' Diseases of old age. 
 
 PRES'BYOPE, Preshy'tes, (F.) Preshyte, from 
 irp£5j3ii5, 'old,' and u-J/, 'the eye.' One who is 
 long-sighted or affected with presbyopia. 
 
 PRESBYOPIA, Presbytia. 
 
 PRESBYO'PIC, Preshyo'picus, Preshyt'ic, 
 Presby'ticns. Relating or belonging to presbyopia 
 or long-sightedness. 
 
 PRESBYSPHACELUS, Gangrene of old 
 people. 
 
 PRESBY'TIA, Preshyo'pia, Amhlyo'pia prox- 
 imo' mm, Visas seni'lis, Pres'hyopy, (F.) Viie 
 langne ; from ipcf/Juriys, 'an old person.' A very 
 high degree is termed Hyperhresby' tia. A con- 
 dition of vision, common in old persons, which 
 consists in the circumstance of near objects being 
 confusedly seen, whilst those at a greater dis- 
 tance are clearly distinguished. It is supposed 
 to depend generally on diminution of the convex- 
 ity of the cornea; whence results an alteration in 
 the convergency of the rays, so that they form a 
 focus behind the retina. This defect is remedied 
 by the use of convex glasses, which augment the 
 convergence of the luminous rays. It is, also, 
 called Long-sightedness, Far-sightedness, Parop'- 
 sis longin'qna, Dy so' jji a proximo' rum. 
 
 PRESBYTIC, Presbyopic. 
 
 PRESCRIP'TION, PrcBscrip'tio, Anag'raphe, 
 from prcp, and scrihere, seriptum, 'to write ;' For'- 
 mula, F. med'ica, Sched'tda, Prcescrip'tnm, Pree- 
 acriji'tio med'ica, liecep'ttnn, (F.) Formtde, Or- 
 donnance. The formula which the physician 
 writes for the composition of medicines adapted 
 to any case of disease. A prescription should be 
 as simple as possible, and should bear upon its 
 face the evidence of the objects to be fulfilled by 
 it. No article should form part of it, unless 
 adapted for serving some useful purpose. A com- 
 pound prescription has been divided into four 
 parts: — the Jr/s/s or principal ingredient of the 
 prescription ; the ad'Jnvans, or that which is de- 
 signed to promote the action of the former; the 
 cor'rigens. or that intended to correct its opera- 
 tion, or oliviate any unpleasant symptom which 
 it maybe apt to produce; and the constit'vens, 
 e.rcip'iens or vehic'ulum, Canstitu'ent, Excip/ient 
 or ve'hicle, the substance which gives to the other 
 ingredients consistence or form. All these are 
 seen in the following formula for cathartic pills : 
 
 Aloes gj Basis, 
 
 Hyd. Chlorid. Mit. gr. x Adjnvans. 
 
 Olei Carui gtt. v Corrigens. 
 
 Syrupi q. s Gonstitnens. 
 
 M. et fiant pilulse xx. See Symbol. 
 
PRESCRIPTION 
 
 757 
 
 PRESYSTOLIC 
 
 It is obvious, however, that most prescriptions 
 are more simple than this. The basis, for exam- 
 ple, may require neither adjuvant, corrigent^ nor 
 constituent. 
 
 Dr. Paris has given the folloying synopsis of 
 the principles of medicinal combination, lamatn- 
 tdxioJoffia, lamatosyntaxiolog" ia, Avs form'nlcis 
 nied'ican eonciuvaii'di, which may serve as an 
 instructive guide to the preseriber : — 
 
 OBJECT I. 
 
 TO PROMOTE THE ACTION OF THE BASIS. 
 
 A. By combining the several different forms or 
 preparations of the sonic siihstanee. B. By com- 
 bining the basis with substances which are of the 
 same nature; i. e., which are individually capa- 
 ble of producing the same effects, with less ener- 
 gy than when in combination with each other. 
 C. By combining the basis with substances of a 
 different iiature, and which do not exert any che- 
 mical influence upon it, but are found by expe- 
 rience, or inferred by analogy, to be capable of 
 rendering the stomach or system more suscepti- 
 ble of its action. 
 
 OBJECT II. 
 
 TO CORRECT THE OPERATION OF THE BASIS BT OB- 
 VIATING ANY UNPLEASANT EFFECTS IT MIGHT 
 BE LIKELY TO OCCASION, AND WHICH WOULD 
 PERVERT ITS INTENDED ACTION, AND DEFEAT 
 THE OBJECT OF ITS EXHIBITION. 
 
 A. By ehymically neutralizing or mechanically 
 separating the offending ingredient. B. By add- 
 ing some substance calculated to guard the sto- 
 mach or system against its deleterious effects. 
 
 OBJECT iir. 
 
 TO OBTAIN THE JOINT OPERATION OF TWO OR MORE 
 MEDICINES. 
 
 A. By uniting those medicines which are cal- 
 culated to produce the same idtimnte results, but 
 by modes of operation totally different. B. By 
 combining medicines which have entirely differ- 
 ent powers; and which are required to obviate 
 different symptoms, or to answer different indi- 
 cations. 
 
 OBJECT IV. 
 
 TO OBTAIN A NEW AND ACTIVE REMEDY, NOT AF- 
 FORDED BY ANY SINGLE SUBSTANCE. 
 
 A. By combining medicines which excite dif- 
 ferent actions in the stomach and system, in con- 
 sequence of which 71C10 or modified resvlts are 
 produced. B. By combining substances which 
 have the property of acting ehymically upon each 
 Other ; the results of which are : — a. The forma- 
 tion of new compounds; h. The decomposition 
 of the original ingredients, and the development 
 of the more active elements. C. By combining 
 substances, between which no other change is 
 induced than a diminution or increase in the so- 
 luhility of the principles in which their medicinal 
 virtues reside, a. By the intervention of sub- 
 stances that act ehymically. h. By the addition 
 of ingredients whose operation is entirely me- 
 ehanical. 
 
 OBJECT V. 
 
 TO AFFORD AN ELIGIBLE FORM. 
 
 A. By which the efficacy of the remedy is en- 
 hanced. B. By which its aspect or flavour is 
 rendered more agreeable, or its mode of adminis- 
 tration more convenient C, By which it is pre- 
 served from the spontaneous decompositioQ to 
 which it is liable. 
 
 [The vocabulary in the author's "Medical 
 Student," Philad., 1844, will aid the student not 
 
 only in translating, but in writing his prescrip- 
 tions more snlito.~\ 
 
 PRESENTA'TION, from {'Lai.) prasens, [prae, 
 'before,' and ens, entie, 'being.') The part of a 
 foetus which is felt presenting, on examination 
 per vaginam. When the head presents, and es- 
 pecially the vertex, or the feet, knees, or breech, 
 the presentation is said to be natural ; when any 
 other part, preternatural; and the labour is styled 
 perverse or preternatural, Parndyn'ia seu Dys- 
 to'cia perver'sa, Cross-birth, (F.) Accouchement 
 centre nature. AVhen any part besides the head, 
 feet, knees, or breech presents, the operation of 
 turning becomes necessary. See Parturition. 
 PRESERVATIVE, Prophylactic. 
 PRE^SIS, Swelling. 
 PEESLE, Hippuris vulgaris. 
 PRESMA, Swelling. 
 
 PRESPI'NAL, ProBspina'lis, from prcE, and 
 spina, 'the spine.' That which is situate before 
 the spine. The prespinal surface of the vertebral 
 column is the anterior surface. 
 
 PRESS, Proe'lium, Prce'liuni, Presso'riiim, Pi- 
 ester, Pieste'rion, {¥.) Pressoir, Presse, froui pre- 
 mere, pressum, 'to squeeze.' An instrument for 
 subjecting matters to considerable pressure, for 
 the purpose of separating the liquid from the 
 solid portion. 
 
 Press of Herophilus, Torcular Herophili. 
 PRESSE-ARTERE, Serre-uceud de Des- 
 champs, Serre-Artere. An instrument invented 
 by Deschamps for the immediate compression of 
 arteries. It is composed of a plate six or seven 
 lines long, and three broad, and of a rod or stem 
 two inches long, placed perpendicularly above 
 the plate and riveted. At each extremity of the 
 plate is a hole, through which each of the ends 
 of the ligature, to be placed upon the artery, is 
 passed. The ligature is then to be tightened by 
 drawing the ends, and iixing them to the perpen- 
 dicular rod. This presse-artere or serre-artere, 
 surrounded with charpie, remains in the wound, 
 until there is no longer danger of hemorrhage. 
 The ligature is then cut, and the instrument 
 withdrawn. It is an unnecessary instrument. 
 
 PRESSE-URETHRE, Jugum Penis. A kind 
 of forceps of elastic iron, the branches of which, 
 padded, may be approximated or separated by 
 means of a screw. The penis is introduced be- 
 tween the branches, one of them being applied 
 to the urethra, and the screw is tightened so as 
 to exercise a degree of pressure sufficient to bring 
 the parietes of the canal in contact. This instru- 
 ment is sometimes used in incontinence of urine, 
 to prevent the constant discharge of that fluid. 
 PRESSIO, Pressure. 
 
 PRESSWN ABDOMINALE, Pressure, ab- 
 dominal. 
 
 PRESSOIR, Press— j3. d'Herophile, Torcular 
 Herophili. 
 
 PRESSORIUM, Press. 
 
 PRESSURE, Pres'sio, from premere, pressum, 
 'to press.' The action of pressing. 
 
 Pressure, Abdom'inal, (F.) Pression ahdomi- 
 nale. A mode of examination by means of which 
 the sensibility, size, suppleness, or hardness of 
 any morbid abdominal viscus may be compared, 
 in these respects, with its healthy condition. 
 Biehat proposed, with the view of exploring the 
 state of the thoracic organs, to exert a pressure 
 from below upwards on the abdominal organs, so 
 as to crowd tlnem upon the diaphragm, and thus 
 to diminish the dimensions of the cavity of the 
 chest, noticing to what extent respiration was 
 affected by this action. No great information 
 can of course be derived from it. 
 
 PRESYS'TOLIC, Prasystol'icus, from pra, 
 'before,' and systole. That which precedes the 
 
PRETENDED DISEASES 
 
 58 
 
 PRINOS 
 
 <!Oii traction of the heart — as "presystolic friction 
 sound." 
 
 PRETENDED DISEASES, Feigned diseases. 
 
 PRETIB'IAL, PfcBtibia'lis, from 2^rcB, and 
 
 tibia, 'the tibia.' That which is situate before 
 
 the tibia; as the ilio-pretibial and ischio pretibial 
 
 muscles. 
 
 PREVENTIVE, Prophylactic. 
 Preven'tive, Royal, from pravenire, prcBven- 
 tum, [prcB, and venire,) ' to come before.' An 
 empirical preparation, used as a prophylactic 
 against the venereal virus. It is a solution of 
 acetate of lead, — the Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis 
 dilntus. 
 
 PREVER'TEBRAL APONEURO'SIS. The 
 aponeurosis which covers the muscles of the pre- 
 vertebral region. 
 
 Prevertebral Artert, (F.) Artere preverte- 
 hrale ou miningienne posterieiire. A ramus of 
 the meningeal branch, and sometimes even of the 
 trunk, of the pharyngeal artery, which is dis- 
 tributed to the prevertebral region. 
 
 Prevertebral Muscles, see Cervical region, 
 anterior — p. Region, Cervical region, anterior. 
 
 PRIAPEIA, Nicotiana rustica. 
 
 PRIAPIS'COS. Same etymon as the next. 
 Name of a piece of wood which forms part of the 
 gcarnnum Hijjpocraticvm. Paulus of ^gina calls 
 thus a tent of linen shaped like a penis. 
 
 PRIAPIS'MUS, yenJ/'^o, T. Penis, Pri'apism, 
 Horn-colic (vulg.), Enta'sia Priapis'mus, lihopa- 
 lis'mus, Satyri'asis, Sti/ma, Sti/sis, from Jlptanos, 
 ' Priapus.' Constant and distressing erection, 
 without any voluptuous idea or desire for venery. 
 It is often symptomatic; and sometimes the im- 
 mediate result of morbific causes, — of the action 
 of cantharides, for example. The application of 
 cold liquids to the penis, and the internal use of 
 opium and camphor, are the means usually had 
 recourse to for its removal. 
 
 PRTAPITIS, Phallitis. 
 
 PRIA'PUS, Miitun'niis. In ancient mythology 
 ♦he deity who presided over gardens and the parts 
 of generation, so called propter deformitatem et 
 membri virilis magnitudinem. 
 
 Priapus, Penis — p. Cervi, see Cervus — p. Ceti, 
 Leviathan penis. 
 
 PRICKET, Sedum acre. 
 
 PRICKING, Sax. ppiccian, (D.) pricken, 
 (F.) Picotemeiit. A variety of pain, compared to 
 that which pointed bodies would occasion. 
 
 PRIDE OF CHINA, Melia azedarach — p. of 
 India, Melia azedarach — p. Tree, Melia azeda- 
 rach. 
 
 PRIDEWEED. Erigeron Canadense. 
 
 PRIEST-PHYSICIANS, see Asclepiadse. 
 
 PRIEST'S PINTLE, Arum maculatum. 
 
 PRIM, Ligustrum vulgare. 
 
 PRIMA CELLA COLI, Ccecura. 
 
 PRIM^ VliE, (F.) Premieres voies. 'The 
 first passages.' The stomach and intestinal 
 canal: — the lacteals heing the secmi'dce vi'a or 
 ' second passages.' See Ways, digestive. 
 
 PRIMARY CELL, see Cell. 
 
 PRIMEVBRE, Primula veris. 
 
 PRIMIP'ARA, Primipartu'riens, (F.) Primi- 
 pare, from primus, 'first,' and parere, 'to bring 
 forth.' A name given to a female who brings 
 forth for the first time. 
 
 PRIMIPARTURIENS, Primipara. 
 
 PRIMI-STERNAL, Primi-stema'lis, hompri- 
 viiis, 'the first,' and sternum, 'the sternum.' M. 
 Beclard has called os primi-sternal ou clavi-ster- 
 ual, the bony portion of the sternum. 
 
 PRIMIT"!^, from ^jri'mng, 'first.' Theirs* 
 waters, or the icaters discharged before the ex- 
 trusion of the foetus. 
 
 PRIMITIVE BAND, see Nerve fibres — p. 
 Streak, Groove, primitive. 
 
 PRIMORDIAL CELL, see CelL 
 
 PRIMORDIUxM, Arche. 
 
 PRIMROSE EVENING, (Enothera biennis 
 — p. Tree, (Enothera biennis. 
 
 PRIMULA OFFICINALIS, P. veris — p. Va- " 
 riabilis, P. veris. 
 
 Prim'ula A'eris, p. officina'lis seu variah'ilis, 
 from prim'ulus, 'first.' So called, because it 
 flowers in the beginning of the spring. Verbas'- 
 culum, Paral'ysis, Herba paralys'eos sen paraJyt'- 
 ica, the Cowslip, Paiyil or Peagle, Herb Peter, 
 Palsyivort, (Prov.) Cow-striplings, Cow-stropple, 
 Crewel, (F.) Primevere, Herbe a la paralysie, 
 Fleur de concou, Oreille d'ours, Brairette ; Ord. 
 Primulacese. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. 
 The flowers have been considered to be mildly 
 tonic, antispasmodic, and anodyne. 
 
 Primula Vulga'ris. The leaves and roots of 
 this plant have been used as sternutatories. 
 
 PRINCE ARTHUR'S FARINACEOUS 
 FOOD, see Farinaceous. 
 
 PRINCEPS, Rectum. 
 
 Princeps Cekvi'cis {Artery) Cervical Artery. 
 A branch of the occipital artery, which descends 
 between the splenius and complexus muscles, and 
 may be followed down to the lower part of the 
 neck. 
 
 Princeps Pol'licis (Arteria), Arte'ria magna 
 pol'Ucis. When the two collateral arteries of the 
 thumb take origin from a common trunk — the 
 trunk is the Princeps pollicis. 
 
 PRINCIPE CR YSTALLIZABLE BE BE- 
 ROSNE, Narcotine — j). de la Ilelanose, see 
 Choroidea tunica. 
 
 PRINCIPES IM31EDIATS, Principles, im- 
 mediate. 
 
 PRINCIPIUM, Arche, Element — p. Acidifi- 
 cans. Oxygen — p. Adstringens, Tannin — p. Byr- 
 sodepsicum. Tannin — p. Coriaceum. Tannin — p. 
 Ilydrogeneticum, Hydrogen — p. Hydroticum, 
 Hydrogen — p. Oxygenans, Oxygen — p. Salivale, 
 see Saliva — p. Seytodepsicum, Tannin — p. Uri- 
 nosum, Urea. 
 
 PRIN'CIPLE, COL'OURING, OF THE 
 BLOOD. A name, given to the immediate prin- 
 ciple in animals, to which the blood owes its red 
 colour. It is solid, inodorous, and insipid. When 
 recently separated from blood, it has a purple-red 
 colour. When distilled, it furnishes, amongst 
 other products, a purple oil. It is insoluble in 
 water; but, if diluted with that liquid, acquires 
 a vinous-red hue. It communicates a red colour 
 to the albumen of the blood, and affords, on ana- 
 lysis, iron, to which the colour has been ascribed. 
 See Hsemaphaein, and Hsematin. 
 
 Principle, Digestive, Pepsin — p. Vital, see 
 Vital principle. 
 
 PRINCIPLES, IMME'DIATE, (F.) Principes 
 immediats, 3Iateriaux immediats. A name given 
 to a considerable number of substances, composed 
 of at least three elements, and which are obtained 
 from animals and vegetables without alteration, 
 by simple processes, and, in some measure, im- 
 mediately. 
 
 Principles, Immediate, of Animals, Proxi- 
 mate principles, Organic Elements, Compounds 
 of Organization. These are divided into acid 
 principles, fatty principles, and principles which 
 are neither fat nor acid. The first include the 
 vric, rosacic, purpuric, allantoic, caseie, butyric, 
 &o. The fatty principles are: — stearin, elain, 
 cholesterin, &c. ; and the last division includes 
 the most important compounds of organization: 
 — fibrin, gelatin, albumen, casein, osmazome, &c. 
 
 Principles, Proximate, P. immediate. 
 
 PRINOS (of the ancients). Ilex aquifolium. 
 
 Prinos, p. verticilla'tus, Alcan'na major Idti- 
 fo'lia denia'ta, Aquifo'lium fo'liis decid'nis, Pri- 
 nos Grono'vii seu padifo'lius, Black Alder, Vir- 
 
PRION 
 
 759 
 
 PROCESSUS 
 
 ginia or WJiorhd Winterherri/, Feverhiish, (F.) 
 ApnlacMiie d feuilles de Pninier. Ord. Aquifo- 
 liaceae. Sex. Si/st. Hexandria Monogynia. The 
 bark of this common shrub of the United States 
 — Prinos, (Ph. U. S.) — is astringent, bitter, and 
 pungent. The berries are, likewise, bitter. The 
 bark has been used as a substitute for the cincho- 
 na, in intermittents, and as a tonic. 
 
 PuiNOS Glaber, see P. laevigatus — p. Gronovii, 
 Prinos. 
 
 Prinos L^VIGA'tds, Smooth Winterherry, and 
 Prinos Glaber, Inkherry. Indigenous ; have 
 the same properties as 
 
 Prinos Papifolius, Prinos. 
 
 PRION, Saw. 
 
 PRIONO'DES, from rpiwv, 'a saw,' and tt^os, 
 ' shape.' Serra'ted. Applied to the sutures of 
 the head. 
 
 PRIOR, 'first, foremost,' as 
 
 Prior Annula'ris, Interos'seKs quartus of 
 Winslow. An internal interosseous muscle which 
 arises from the outside of the metacarpal bone 
 of the ring-finger, and is inserted into the outside 
 of the tendon on the back of the ring-finger. 
 Its use is to draw the ring-finger outwards. 
 
 Prior In'dicis, Exten'sor ter'til intenw'dii in'- 
 dicis, (F.) Sous-metacarpo-lnteri-phalangieii. It 
 arises from the outer or radial side of the meta- 
 carpal bone of the fore-finger, and is inserted into 
 the outside of the tendon on the back of the fore- 
 finger. Action : — to draw the finger outwards, 
 towards the thumb. 
 
 Prior Indicis Pedis, Adductor In'dicis pedis. 
 An external, interosseous muscle of the foot, 
 which arises from the contiguous sides of the 
 metatarsal bones of the great and fore toes, and 
 is inserted into the inside of the root of the first 
 bone of the fore-toe. Action: — to pull the fore- 
 toe inwards. 
 
 Prior Medii, Prior medii digiti. 
 
 Prior Me'dii Dig"iti, Prior Bledii, Second 
 interoa' seous of Douglas. An external, interos- 
 seous muscle of the hand, which arises from the 
 corresponding sides of the metacarpal bones of 
 the fore and middle fingers, and is inserted into 
 the outside of the tendon on the back of the 
 middle finger. Action: — to draw the middle 
 finger outwards. 
 
 Prior Mepii Digiti Pedis, Adductor medii di- 
 giti pedis. An internal, interosseous muscle of 
 the foot, which arises from the inside of the me- 
 tatarsal bone of the middle toe, and is inserted 
 into the inside of the root of the first bone of the 
 middle toe. Use: — to pull the middle toe in- 
 wards, or towards the inner side of the foot. 
 
 Prior Min'imi Digiti, Adduc'lor min'imi dig"- 
 iti. An internal, interosseous muscle of the foot, 
 ■which originates from the inside of the metatar- 
 sal bone of the little toe, and is inserted into the 
 inside of the root of the first bone of the little 
 toe. Action: — to pull the little toe inwards. 
 
 Prior Tertii Digiti Pedis, Adduc'tor tertii 
 dig"iti pedis. An internal, interosseous muscle 
 of the foot, which arises from the inner and un- 
 der part of the metatarsal bone of the third of 
 the small toes, and is inserted into the inside of 
 the root of the first bone of the third of the small 
 toes. Action : — to pull the third of the small 
 toes inwards. 
 
 PRISTS, Brygraus, Trepanning. 
 
 PRISMA, Scobs. 
 
 PRYSMUS, Brygmus. Trepanning. 
 
 PRIVATE PARTS, Genital organs, 
 
 PRIVET, Ligustrum vulgare. 
 
 PRIVITIES, Genital organs. 
 
 PRIVY, Ligustrum vulgare — p. Members, Ge- 
 nital organs — p. Parts, Genital organs. 
 
 PRO, irpo, 'before.' A common prefix to words, 
 as in Procatarctie, Prostate, &c. 
 
 PROAGOREUSIS, Prognosis. 
 
 PROBANG, Sponge-probaug, Detruso'rium ex 
 hcde'na. Allied to probe. A long slender rod of 
 whalebone, with a piece of sponge at its extremity, 
 intended to push down extraneous bodies, arrested 
 in the cesophagus, into the stomach. A similar 
 instrument is called by J. L. V silt, Eeijoussoir 
 d'aretes. 
 
 PROBARBIUM, Geneias. 
 
 PROBASCANIUM, Amuletum. 
 
 PROBASCANTIUM, Amuletum. 
 
 PROBE, Catheterize, Specillum — p. Eyed, see 
 Specillum. 
 
 PROBING, see Melosis. 
 
 PROBOLE, Processus. 
 
 PROCARDIUM, Scrobiculus cordis. 
 
 PROCEDE, Process. 
 
 PROCEDURE, ProcedL 
 
 PROCEPHALI, Capitones. 
 
 PROCERUS NASI, Pyramidalis nasi. 
 
 PROCES, Process — p. Ciliairea, Ciliary pro- 
 cesses. 
 
 PROCESS, Apophysis, Processus. 
 
 Proc''£SS, Ratio, (F.) Procede, from procedere, 
 proeessum, ' to march forwards.' Procedure, — 
 method of performing any operation, chemical, 
 pharmaceutical, or surgical. 
 
 Process, Cuneiform, Basilary process — p. 
 Modelling, see Modelling Process — p. of Ran, 
 see Malleus — p. Vertical superior longitudinal, 
 Falx cerebri. 
 
 PROCES'SUS. A process; same etymon; 
 Projectu'ra, Prob'ole, (F.) Proces. An apophy- 
 sis or eminence of a bone ; see Apophysis. Also, 
 any part which seems prolonged beyond others 
 with which it is in connexion ; as the Ciliary 
 IDrocessos. 
 
 Processus Anconeus, Olecranon — p. Annu- 
 laris, Pons Varolii — p. Ascendens, see Maxillary 
 bone, (superior)— p. Belenoides, see Belenoid — p. 
 Blumenbachii, Unciform process — p. Caudatus, 
 Lobulus caudatus — ^p. a Cerebello ad medullam 
 oblongata m. Corpora restiformia — p. Cerebelli ad 
 pontem, Peduncles of the cerebellum — p. Cere- 
 belli ad testes. Peduncles of the cerebellum — p. 
 Cerebri lateralis, Cornu ammonis — p. Ciliares, 
 Ciliary processes — p. Clavatus, see Funiculi gra- 
 ciles — p. Cochleariformis, see Tympanum — p. Cu- 
 neiformis ossis occipitis, Basilary process — p. En- 
 siformes, see Sphenoid bone — p. Enteroidei cere- 
 bri. Convolutions (cerebral) — p. Falciformis 
 cerebelli, Falx cerebelli — p. Falciformis durae 
 matris, Falx cerebri — p. Frontalis, see Maxillary 
 bone, (superior) — p. Gracilis of Rau, see Malleus 
 
 — p. Laterales uteri, Tubse Fallopiante — p. Ma- 
 millares. Papillae of the kidney, Olfactory nerves 
 — p. Mamillares cerebri. Mamillary tubercles — p. 
 Mastoideus, Mastoid process — p. Nasalis, see 
 Maxillary bone (superior) — p. Olivaris, Olivary 
 Process — p. Orbicularis cerebri, Infundibulum 
 of the brain — p. Papillares, Olfactory nerves — p. 
 Papillarum, Olfactory nerves — p. Rachidianus, 
 Medulla spinalis — p. Sterni xiphoideus. Xiphoid. 
 
 Proces'sus Ter'etes, Eminen'tia sen Fuscic'- 
 tdi ter'etes. Two slightly convex bodies forming 
 the anterior wall or floor of the fourth ventricle 
 of the brain. They are separated by a longitu- 
 dinal groove, which is continuous, inferiorly, with 
 the sulcus longitudinalis posterior of the spinal 
 cord. They are crossed transversely by several 
 white and gray fasciculi — lineas transver'sa;, stricB 
 medulla'res — the origin of the auditory nerves. 
 
 Processus ad Testes, see Valvula Vieussenii 
 
 — p. Transvcrsus durae matris. Tentorium — p. 
 Uncinatus, Olecranon, Unciform process, see Co- 
 raeoid process — p. Uvifer, Uvula — p. Ventriculi, 
 Duodenum — p. Xiphoides, Xiphoid cartilage — 
 
PROCHEILA 
 
 760 
 
 PROEOTIA 
 
 p. Xipto-sternalis, Xiphoid cartilage — p. Zygo- 
 maticus, Zygomatic process. 
 
 PROCHEILA, Antelabia. 
 
 PROCIIEILIDION, Procheilon. 
 
 PROCHEI'LON, Prochellid'ion, Prola'hhim, 
 Antela'biitm, from pro, and ;\;£(Xos, 'a lip.' The 
 extreme projecting part or margin of the lips. 
 
 PROCHEUMA, Parenchyma. 
 
 PROCIDENGE BE L' CEIL, Exophthalmia. 
 
 PROCIDENTIA, Prolapsus — p. Ani. Procto- 
 cele — p. Intestini recti, Proctocele — p. Iridis, Sta- 
 phyloma of the Iris — p. Oculi, Exophthalmia — 
 p. Sedis, Proctocele — p. Uteri, Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 PROCXEMB, Tibia. 
 
 PROCNExMIUM, Tibia. 
 
 PROCCE'LIUS, Proooe'lus, from pro, and Koi\ia, 
 'belly.' One who has a large pendulous ab- 
 domen. 
 
 PROCCELUS, Procoelius. 
 
 PROCON'DYLUS, npoKovSvXos, from pro, and 
 Kov^vXoi, 'a knot.' The first joint of the fingers; 
 the second being called kovSvXos ; the third iicra- 
 KovivXos, 
 
 PROCREATIO, Generation — p. Sanguinis, 
 Haematosis. 
 
 PROCREATION, Fecundation, Generation. 
 
 PROC'TAGRA, from irpoi/crof, 'anus,' and aypa, 
 'seizure.' Gout in the rectum. Proctalgia. 
 
 PROCTAL'GIA, Proc'tiea simpler, Proc'ta- 
 gra. Dolor ani, Proetoclyn'ia, from TzpcoKTo;, 'the 
 anus,' and aXyo;, 'pain.' Pain in the anus: ge- 
 nerally symptomatic of disease, as of hemorrhoids, 
 scirrhus, &c. 
 
 Proctalgia, Clunesia — p. Haeraorrhoidalis, 
 Ilaemorrhois — p. Inflammatoria, Rectitis — p. 
 Intertriginosa, Chafing — p. Rheumatica, Proc- 
 torrheuma. 
 
 PROCTATRE'SIA, Imper/ora'tio ani, from 
 ■rtpiiiKTog, 'the anus,' and arp^/o-ia, ' imperforation.' 
 Imperforate state of the anus. 
 
 PROC'TICA, from n-pa»crof, 'the anus.' Pain 
 or derangement about the anus, without primary 
 inflammation. A genus in the class Coeliaca, 
 order Enterica, of Good. 
 
 Proctica Exania, Proctocele — p. Marisca, 
 Ilaemorrhois — p. Simplex, Proctalgia — p. Tenes- 
 mus, Tenesmus. 
 
 PROCTISIS. Proctitis. 
 
 PROCTI'TIS, Proc'tisis, Archi'tis, Clnne'sia, 
 Ci/sso'tis, from TrpwKrof, 'the anus,' and itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the anus 
 and rectum. Rectitis. 
 
 Proctitis Gangrenosa, Proctocace. 
 
 PROCTOC'ACE, Procti'tis gmigrcB'nosa, from 
 xpu)KTos, ' the anus,' and KaKog, ' evil.' A disease 
 of the rectum, so called by Fuchs, which, accord- 
 ing to him, is common in Peru, in the neighbour- 
 hood of Quito and Lima, on the Honduras and 
 Mosquito coasts, in Brazil, and on the Gold coast, 
 &c. It is called by the Portuguese, Bicho, and 
 Bicho di Onto ; by the people of Quito, Mai del 
 Valle, from its prevalence in the valleys; and in 
 Africa, Bitios de Kin. It is an adynamic, inflam- 
 matory condition, frequently ending in gangrene. 
 It has been attributed to bad food, and the use 
 of spices. 
 
 PROCTOCE'LB, from vpiaKTos, 'the anus,' and 
 KriXt], 'hernia.' Prolap'sus Ani, Proclopto'ma, 
 Prooropto'sis, Procfo'sis, Hedroce'le, Arcfteopfo'- 
 ma, Arehecplo'ma, Archopfo'ma, Archeoce'le, Ar. 
 choplo'sis, Exa'nin, Hcemor'rhois proce'deni seu 
 ab exa'nid, Prociden'tia Ani seu intesti'ni recti 
 seu sedis, Ecto'pin Ani, Sedes procid'iia, Falling 
 down of the Fundament, Coming down of the 
 Body, (P.) Chute dn rectum, 0. dii Fondement, 
 Renversement dn rectum. Inversion and prolapse 
 of the mucous coat of the rectum, from relaxation 
 of the sphincter, with more or less swelling. In 
 the treatment, the application of cold water and 
 
 astringent lotions must be recommended: and 
 if other means fail, one of the radii of skin, which 
 converge at the anus, may be snipped off. On 
 cicatrizing, the verge of the anus will be con- 
 tracted, and the cure probably complete. In the 
 way of palliation, the parts may be retained by 
 an appropriate bandage. 
 
 PROCTOCYSTOTOMIA, see Lithotomy. 
 
 PROCTODYNIA, Proctalgia. 
 
 PROCTON'CUS, from tt/jwktoj, 'anus,' and 
 oyKoi;, ' swelling.' Swelling of the anus. 
 
 PROCTOPARAL'YSIS, Proctople'gia, ParaV- 
 ysis Intesti'ni Recti, from jrpuKTos, 'the anus,' and 
 TTapaXvai;, 'paralysis.' Paralysis of the muscles 
 of the rectum. 
 
 PROCTOPLEGIA, Proctoparalysis. 
 
 PROCTOPTOMA, Proctocele. 
 
 PROCTOPTOSIS, Proctocele. 
 
 PROCTORRHAGIA, Haemorrhoidal flux. 
 
 PROCTORRHEU'MA, from Trpu-crof, 'anus,' 
 and pcvpia. 'deflusion.' Ptheumatism of the anus. 
 
 PROCTORRHCE'A, from Trpuixrog, 'the anus,' 
 and pto), 'I flow.' A discharge of blood or slime 
 from the anus. See Haemorrhois. 
 
 PROCTOS, Anus. 
 
 PROCTOSIS, Proctocele. 
 
 PROCTOSPASMUS, Tenesmus. 
 
 PROCTOSTENOSIS ORGANICA, Stricture 
 of the rectum. 
 
 PROCTOTOREU'SIS, from vpuKTos, 'anus,' 
 and Topvtiv, ' to perforate.' Perforation of a closed 
 anus. 
 
 PROCTUS, Anus. 
 
 PROCURATIO ABORTUS. The promotion 
 af abortion. 
 
 PRODIAGNO'SIS, from pro, and diagnosis. 
 Prognostication of a disease to come, — a diag- 
 nosis by anticipation. 
 
 PROD'ROMIC, Prodrom'icus, (F.) Prodro- 
 mique. Same etymon as the next. Relating, or 
 belonging, to the prodromus of a disease. 
 
 PROD'ROMUS, Propath'ia, from pro, and 
 Spoiio;, 'course,' (F.) Prodrome. Sta'dinm op- 
 portunita'tis seu prodromo' rum : in contagious 
 diseases, Sta'dium laten'tis conta'gii. The period 
 immediately preceding an attack of disease; in 
 which the precursory signs occur. 
 
 PROD'UCT, from producere, productum, (pro, 
 and ducere, ' to lead,') ' to bring forth.' (F.) Pro- 
 dnit. The result sought to be attained by any 
 pharmaceutical operation. 
 
 PRODUCTIO, Prolapsus— p. Uvulae a pituita, 
 Staphvloedema. 
 
 PRODUCTION, Prodnc'fio; same etymon. 
 This word is used, especially by the French, 
 synonymously with prolongation. The mesentery 
 is, in this sense, a production of the peritoneum. 
 
 PRODUCTION AOCIDENTELLE. An ac- 
 cidental or adventitious structure, 
 
 PBODUCTIVITAS, Fecundity, 
 
 PRODUIT, Product. 
 
 PROEGUMEN^ CAUS^, Gauses, predispo- 
 nent. 
 
 PRCELIUM, Press, Tourniquet. 
 
 PROEM'INENT, Proem'inens, from pro, and 
 eminere, 'to project.' Some anatomists esill the 
 7th cervical vertebra the proeminent vertebra, on 
 account of the length of its spinous process, 
 which passes the level of that of the neighbour- 
 ing vertebrae. 
 
 PROENCEPH'ALUS,(F.) ProencijAale ; from 
 pro, and tyxecpaXoi, 'encephalon.' A monster, 
 whose encephalon is situated, in a great measure, 
 out of, and in advance of, the cranium, which is 
 open in the frontal region. 
 
 PRQiOT'IA, Proi'otea, Trpiatortj! or rpoioTrj;, 
 from jrpwi, ' early.' 'Precocity.' Prascox matu'- 
 ritas, Preco'cious matu'rity. Premature develop, 
 ment of sexual organization or power. — Good. 
 
PROFLUVII CORTEX 
 
 761 
 
 PROLES 
 
 PROFLUVII CORTEX, Nerium antidysente- 
 rieum. 
 
 PROFLU'VIUM, Discharge, Fluxus, Polyr- 
 rhoe'a, Flux ; from profluo, (pro, and Jlno,) '1 flow 
 forth.' A term under which — in the plural, Pro- 
 fiu'via, Polycrino'ses — some nosologists have 
 comprised all morbid discharges or fluxes : — 
 others, increased excretions attended by fever. 
 
 Profldvium Alvi, Diarrhoea — p. Genitale mu- 
 liebre, Menses — p. Mueosum urethrae, Gonorrhoea 
 
 — p. Muliebre, Leucorrhoea, Menses — p. Sangu- 
 inis, Haemorrhagia — p. Sanguinis e Renibus, Ne- 
 phrorrhagia — p. Sanguinis ex Ore, Stomatorrhagia 
 
 — p. Sanguinis ex Utero, Metrorrhagia — p. Se- 
 minis, Pollution — p. Ventris, Diarrhoea. 
 
 PRO FOND, Profundus. 
 
 PROFUN'DUS, {pro, and fundus, 'bottom.') 
 Alius, 'having a deep base.' (F.) Pro/oiid. A 
 name given to different parts, which are seated 
 profoundly as regards others. 
 
 PROFaNDA Arte'ria FEji'onis, A. vasta jioste' - 
 rior seu muscula'ris fem'oris, Artere-graude miis- 
 culaire de la cuisse. (Ch.) This large branch 
 arises commonly from the posterior part of the 
 crural, between the pubis and lesser trochanter. 
 It descends deeply, situate before the adductors ; 
 passes through the third adductor above the 
 opening in it for the trunk of the femoral ; and 
 terminates in the short portion of the biceps. 
 The mascularis prof unda gives otF, 1. The external 
 circumflex: 2. The internal circumjiex : and, 3. 
 The three perforantes. 
 
 Profunda Arte'ria Hu'jieri, P. supe'rior, 
 Arte'ria spira'lis, (F.) Artere humerale prtfonde, 
 A. collaterale externe. Grand mnsculnire da bras, 
 (Ch.) Its origin is variable. When it arises from 
 the brachial artery, it is given off opposite the 
 groove of the humerus destined for the radial 
 nerve, and descends backwards between the three 
 portions of the triceps, accompanied by the nerve ; 
 giving branches to that muscle and to the hume- 
 rus. When it reaches the posterior part of the 
 bone, it divides into two branches, which are dis- 
 tributed to the triceps, supinator longus, ifcc. 
 
 Profunda Arteria Inferior seu Minor is 
 often a branch of the last; but, commonly, is 
 given off from the brachial, near the middle of 
 the arm. It gives off branches to the muscles, 
 &c., about the inner side of the os humeri. It 
 is, also, called large communicating ulnar or pro- 
 fundo-idnar. 
 
 Profunda Arteria Penis. Chaussier has 
 given this name to the cav'ernous ar'tery, which 
 arises from the artery of the penis, furnished by 
 the internal pudic. 
 
 Profunda Arteria Superior, Profunda hu- 
 meri. 
 
 Certain muscles are distinguished by the names 
 profound or deep-seated, and superficial. Thus, 
 we speak of the superficial and deep-seated mus- 
 cles of the neck, &c. ; the Flexor pirofundus per- 
 forans, &c. 
 
 PROFUSIO, Heemorrhagia. 
 Profusio Aqu^. The discharge or breaking 
 of the waters at birth. 
 
 Profusio Sanguinis, Haemorrhagia — p. Se- 
 minis. Ejaculation — p. Subcutanea, Purpura 
 simplex. 
 
 PROGAS'TOR, from pro, and y'^'^'^'lp, ' belly.' 
 One who has a pendulous belly. 
 PROGENIES, Epigone. 
 PROGENY, Epigone. 
 
 PROGLOS'SIS, from pro, and y^uKTja, 'the 
 tongue ;' Apex lingum. The extremity or tip of 
 the tongue. 
 
 PROGNA'THOUS, from pro, and yvados, 'the 
 jaw.' Having a projecting jaw. A term applied 
 to the form of the head in which there is a pro- 
 
 longation or forward extension of the jaws, as in 
 the negro. 
 
 PROGNO'SIS, Proagoreu'sis, Prorrhe'ais, 
 PrcBcognit"io, Prognos'ttce, Prceno'tio, FrcBuun- 
 tia'tio,Pr(sscien'tia, PrcBScit"io, Pronce'a, Pruph'- 
 asis, Pradic'tio, (F.) Prognostic, Pronostic, from 
 pro, and yvuiais, ' knowledge.' A judgment formed 
 by the physician regarding the future progress 
 and termination of any disease. 
 
 Prognosis, General. The opinion formed 
 of a disease in the abstract. Thus, the Gene- 
 ral prognosis of Oynanehe tonsillaris is favour- 
 able; — of Phthisis pulmonalis, unfavourable, 
 &c. 
 
 Prognosis, Particular. The opinion formed 
 of any particular case of disease. The particular 
 prognosis of one case of typhus, for example, may 
 be favourable, whilst that of another may be un- 
 favourable. 
 
 Prognosis ex Lingua, Glossomantia. 
 
 PROGNOSTIC, Prognosis. 
 
 PROGNOSTICE, Prognosis. 
 
 PROGRESSIO, Augmentation. 
 
 PROGRESSION, Walking. 
 
 PROGRESSUS, Augmentation. 
 
 PROIOTES, Prajotia. 
 
 PRO.JECTURA, Process. 
 
 PROLABIUM, Procheilon. 
 
 PROLAP'SUS, irom prolabnr, prolapsus, (prot 
 and labor, lapsus, ' to slide,') ' I slip down.' Pro- 
 ciden'tia, Delap'sio, Delap'sus, Hypor'rJiysis, 
 Propto'ma, Propto'sis, Produc'tio, Propenden'tia, 
 Prominen'tia, Ptosis, Casus, (F.) Chute; a 2)ro- 
 trusion ; a falling down. A genus of diseases in 
 the class Locales and order Ectopics of CuUen, 
 distinguished by the falling down of a part 
 through the orifice with which it is naturally 
 connected. 
 
 Prolapsus Ani, Proctocele — p. Bulbi oculi, 
 Exophthalmia — p. Corneae, Staphyloma of the 
 cornea — p. Iridis, Ptosis iridis — p. Linguae, Glos- 
 socele, Paraglossa — p. CEsophagi, Pharyngocele 
 — p. Palpebras, Blepharoptosis — p. Pharyngis, 
 Pharyngocele — p. Umbilici, Exomphalus. 
 
 Prolapsus U'tehi, Exome'tra, Jletropto'sis, 
 Metropropto'sis, Orthysteropto'sis, Orthysteroj^to'- 
 ma, Falling doion of the womb, yEdopto' sis seu 
 Prociden'tia u'teri, Hysteropto'sis, Hysteroce'le 
 nuda, (F.) Ahaissement ou Chute ou Descents ou 
 Precipitation de la matrice. Some use the term 
 ' Procidentia Uteri' for a minor degree of the 
 affection than prolapsus; — Relaxatio vteri ex- 
 pressing the slightest state of all. A falling down 
 of the uterus, owing to relaxation of the parts 
 about the utero-vaginal region. In the treat- 
 ment, the horizontal posture must be insisted 
 upon; the injection of astringent substances pec 
 vaginam be advised; and if the affection be not 
 remedied by these means, a pessarj' may he em- 
 ployed as a palliative, or the operation of Episi- 
 orraphy be performed. 
 
 Prolapsus Uvul^, Staphyloedema. 
 Prolapsus Vagi'n^, Hysteropto'sis seu Pro- 
 lapsus jEdoptosis VagincB, Coleopto'sis, Colpop- 
 to'sis, Elytropto'sis — Protrusion of the upier 
 part of the vagina into the lower. This, like the 
 descent of the uterus, may be relaxation, proci- 
 dentia, prolapsus, or complete inversion. 
 Prolapsus Vesica, Exocyste. 
 PROLECTA'TIO; from pro, and legere, lee- 
 turn, 'to gather.' Action of separating the finer 
 parts of a body from the grosser. 
 
 PROLEP'TICS, Prolep'tice, from pro, and 
 \aiJ0avw, 'I seize hold of.' A terra proposed 
 by Dr. Laycock to signify the art and science of 
 predicting in medicine. 
 
 PROLEPTICUS, Anticipating. 
 PROLES, Epigone. 
 
PROLICIDE 
 
 62 
 
 PROSOPANTRITIS 
 
 PPiOL'ICIDE, Prolieid'ium, from proles {pro, 
 and olescere, ' to grow,'), ' offspring,' and cadere, 
 ' to kill.' Destruction of offspring : a term which 
 includes foeticide as well as infanticide. 
 
 PKOLIF'IC, ProUf'icus, (F.) Prolifiqne, from 
 proles, ' offspring,' and facio, ' I make.' That 
 which has the faculty of engendering. Applied 
 to man, and animals, and to their sperm or seed; 
 as well as to remedies, which, by strengthening 
 the genital organs, increase the secretion of 
 sperm. 
 
 PROLrG"EROUS, Pro'Uger, Prolig^'erus, 
 from proles, ' offspring,' and jrero, ' I carry.' That 
 which is connected with carrying the offspring. 
 
 Proligerous Disc or Layer, Biscus proliy"- 
 erus seu vitell'inus. Stratum proli(j"erum, Gonos- 
 tro'ma, (F.) Disque proUgerc. A granular layer, 
 situate generally towards the most prominent 
 part of the ovarian vesicle, in the centre of which 
 the true ovum or ovule exists. — Von Baer. 
 
 PROLONGEMENT RACHIDIEN, Medulla 
 spinalis — p. Sous-occipital, Basilary process. 
 
 PROMALACTE'RIUJLfrompro.and/iaAairtru, 
 ' I soften.' The room, in the ancient gymnasium, 
 in which the body was softened and anointed. 
 One of the operations in bathing. 
 
 PROMANUS, see Digitus, Pollex. 
 
 PROMETOPIDIA, Frontal bandages. 
 
 PROMETO'PIS, Prometopid'ion, from pro, 
 and jitTiiinov, ' the forehead.' The skin of the fore- 
 head. 
 
 PROMINENTIA, Prolapsus, Protuberance — 
 p. Annularis Cerebri, Pons Varolii — p. Corneas, 
 Ceratocele — p. Ossis Continua, Apophysis. 
 
 PROMINENTIA ALBICANTES, Mammil- 
 lary tubercles — p. Semiovales Medullae Oblonga- 
 tae. Corpora olivaria. 
 
 PROMONTOfRE, Promontorium. 
 
 PROMONTORIUM, Promontory — p. Faciei, 
 Nasus — p. Ossis Sacri, see Sacrum. 
 
 PROM'ONTORT, Promonto'rium, (F.) Pro- 
 montoire (from ^jro and mons, montis, 'a moun- 
 tain,') seu Tuber seu Tuheros'itas Tym'pani. A 
 small projection at the inner paries of the cavity 
 of the tympanum, which corresponds to the ex- 
 ternal scala of the cochlea, and especially to the 
 outer side of the vestibule. 
 
 Promontory of the SACRnir, see Sacrum. 
 
 PRONATEUR CARRE. Pronator radii qua- 
 dratus — -p. Grand ou roiul, Pronator radii teres — 
 p. Petit. Pronator radii quadratus. 
 
 PRONA'TION, Prona'tio, from pronus, 'in- 
 clined forwards.' Anatomists understand, by 
 pronation, the motion by which the inferior ex- 
 tremity of the radius passes before the ulna, and 
 thus causes the hand to execute a kind of rotation 
 from without inwards. 
 
 PRONA'TOR. That which produces the mo- 
 tion of pronation. This name has been given to 
 two of the muscles of the forearm. 
 
 Pronator Obliquus, P. radii teres — p. Qua- 
 dratus, P. radii quadratus. 
 
 Pronator Ra'dii Quadra'tus, P. quadratus 
 seu traiisvers'ua (Winslow) seu radii brevis seu 
 radii quadratus (Cowper), Quadratus ra'dii, (F.) 
 Cubito-radial (Ch.), Petit ou carre pronateur. 
 This muscle is situate at the anterior, inferior, 
 and profound part of the forearm. It is flat and 
 square, and is attached, within, to the inferior 
 quarter of the anterior surface of the ulna; and, 
 ■without, to the inferior quarter of the anterior 
 surface of the radius. It produces the motion 
 of pronation. 
 
 Pronator Radh Teres, P. teres sive obli'quun 
 (Winslow), (F.) Epitrochlo-radinl (Ch.), Grand 
 ou roud pronateur. A muscle seated at the upper 
 and anterior part of the forearm. It is long, flat, 
 and larger above than below. It is attached, Jj 
 above, to the inner tuberosity of the humerus and i 
 
 to the coronoid process of the ulna. Thence it 
 passes obliquely downwards and outwards, and 
 terminates at the middle of the outer suiiace of 
 the radius. It causes the radius to turn on the 
 ulna, to produce the motion of pronation. It 
 can, also, bend the forearm on the arm, and con- 
 versely. 
 
 Pronator Teres, P. radii teres. 
 
 PRONAUS, Vestibulum. 
 
 PRONERVATIO, Aponeurosis, Tendon. 
 
 PRON(EA, Prognosis. 
 
 PR OK NOT A TION, Pronunciation. 
 
 PRONOSTIO, Prognosis. 
 
 PRONUNCIA'TION, Promincia'tio, (F.) Pro- 
 nonciation, from pro and nunciare, ' to tell.' The 
 mode of articulating or giving accent or utterance 
 to words. 
 
 PROPATHIA, Prodromus. 
 
 PROPENDENTIA, Prolapsus. 
 
 PROP'ERTIES, PHYSICAL, OF THE TIS- 
 SUES. These are flexibility, extensibility, elas- 
 ticity, racornissement and imbibition. 
 
 Properties, Vital. Those which depend upon 
 the vital force, as contractu' ity. 
 
 PROPHASIS, Prognosis. 
 
 PROPHYLACTIC, Prophylac'ticus, DiapTiy- 
 lac'tic, Diasos'tic, Synteret'icus, PrcBservaio' rius, 
 (F.) Prophylactique, from ^^ro, and (pv\aaau>, 'I 
 defend.' A preservative or preventive. 
 
 PROPHYLACTIC MEDICINE, Hygiene. 
 
 VYyOVB.Y'LKX'l?,,Prophyl'aee,Projyhylac'tice, 
 Syntere' sis. Same etymon. Prmserva'tio. Pra- 
 cau'tio, Pracusto'dia. Preservative or preventive 
 treatment. 
 
 PROP'OLIS, from pro, and voli;, 'city;' lite- 
 rally, 'that which is before the city.' C'erunthe'- 
 mus, Commo'sis, Bee-bread. A red, resinous mat- 
 ter, with which the bees cover the bottom of the 
 hive. Its fume has been esteemed antiasthmatic, 
 
 PROP'OMA, from pro, and irona, ' :t drink.' 
 Ancient name of a medicine, composed of seven 
 parts of honey and four of wine. It was drunk 
 before a meal. — Paulus of .Agina. 
 
 PROPORTIO, Symmetry. 
 
 PROPOSITUM, Intention. 
 
 PROPOTISMA, Mistura. 
 
 PROPOTIS'MUS, TtpoTOTKT^LOs. Same etymon. 
 Pratpo'tio. An ancient name for medicines which 
 were given to the patients before purging them, 
 and, in some sort, to prepare them. 
 
 PROPRIUS AURIUS EXTERN.^, Retrahens 
 auris. 
 
 PROPTOMA, Prolapsus. 
 
 Propto'jia Auricula'rum, Parasihe' aia audi'- 
 tUs Jiacca, Flap Ear. Lobe of the ear broad, 
 loose, and pendent from birth. — Good. 
 
 Proptoma Scroti, Rachosis. 
 
 PROPTOSIS, Prolapsus — p. Palpcbrae, Ble- 
 pharoptosis — p. Uvulae, Staphyloedema. 
 
 PROPTYSIS, Expectoration. 
 
 PRORA, Occiput. 
 
 PRORRHESIS, Prognosis. 
 
 PRORUPTIO SANGUINIS, Heemorrhagia. 
 
 PROS, Trpoj. In composition, this prefix gene- 
 rally signifies 'in addition to,' 'over and above,' 
 ' besides.' 
 
 PROSARTHROSIS, Diarthrosis. 
 
 PROSBOLE, Impression. 
 
 PROSCHYSIS. Affusion. 
 
 PROSCOLLESIS, Adherence, Agglutination. 
 
 PROSECTEUR, Dissector. 
 
 PROSECTIO, Anatomy. 
 
 PROSECTOR, Dissector. 
 
 PROSLEPSIS, Prehension. 
 
 PROSODOS, Aditus. 
 
 PROSOPALGIA, Neuralgia, facial. 
 
 PROSOPANTRA, Frontal sinuses. 
 
 PROSOPANTRI'TIS, from prosojxintra, the 
 
PROSOPARALYSIS 
 
 763 
 
 PROTEINOUS 
 
 frontal sinuses, and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the frontal sinuses. 
 
 PROSOPARALYSIS, Palsy, Bell's. 
 
 PROSO'PIS DULCIS, Ord. Leguminosje. A 
 tree of rather large size, native of Peru. The 
 fruit — Pacay — is a pod, from 20 to 24 inches 
 long, containing black seeds imbedded in a white, 
 soft, flaky substance ; which last is eaten by the 
 Limenos with pleasure. — Tschudi. 
 
 PROSOPODYNIA, Neuralgia, facial. 
 
 PROSOPODYSMOR'PHIA, from Tpoau>7Tov, 
 ' the face,' &vi, 'with diSiculty,' and /iop0»7, ' shape.' 
 Malformation or atrophy of the face, — as where 
 the process of nutrition suffers from diminished 
 nervous influence. 
 
 PROSOPOLOGIA, Physiognomy. 
 
 PROSOPOMANTIA, Physiognomy. 
 
 PROSOPON, Pace. 
 
 PROSOPORRHEU'MA, Ehenmath'mns fa'- 
 ciei, from -npoawnov, 'face,' and ptv/ja, ' defluxion,' 
 'rheumatism.' Rheumatism affecting the face. 
 
 PROSOPOSIS, Physiognomy. 
 
 PROSOPOSPASMUS, Canine Laugh. 
 
 PROSOPOSTERNODYMIA, see Cephaloso- 
 matodvmia. 
 
 PROSPERITAS VALETUDINIS, Sanitas. 
 
 PROSPHORA, Prehension. 
 
 PROS'PHYSIS, Adiiaacen'tm, CoalW'io, 'ad- 
 hesion, adherence, connexion,' from joros, and 
 0UU), • I grow.' In a more limited sense, this 
 word means morbid adhesion of the eyelids, 
 either between themselves, or with the globe of 
 the eye; Anlcylohleph' aron. 
 
 PROS'TASIS, jrpoiTTaai;, from rpo, and craai;, 
 'station,' 'superiority, preponderance;' same 
 etymon as Prostate. A predominance or abun- 
 dance of excrementitious humour. — Hippocrates. 
 
 PROSTATA, Prostate— p. Adenoides, Pros- 
 tate — p. Bartholini, Cowper's glands in the fe- 
 male — p. Glandula, Prostate — p. Muliebris, Cow- 
 per's glands in the female. 
 
 PROSTATA, Prostate — p. Adenoides, Pros- 
 tate — p. Glandulosae, Prostate. 
 
 PROSTATAL. Prostatic. 
 
 PROSTATAL'GIA, from TrpocrTara, 'the pros- 
 tate,' and aXyos, 'pain.' Pain in the prostate. 
 
 PROSTATAUXB, Prostatoparectasis. 
 
 PROSTATE, -KpocTara, from trpo, 'before,' and 
 ttTTripLi, ' I stand.' — Pros' tata, P. glandu'la, Pros'- 
 tatcB, P. glandiilo' SOB seu adenoides, Pnras'tata 
 adeno'idea seu (flandulo'sa, Adstans, Paras'tatcB, 
 P. gland'idcE, Testis minor, Corpus glandrdo' sum 
 seu glando'sum seu adeniforme seu glandiforme 
 seu glandulo'sum seu adenoi'des, Assisten'tes 
 glandules. Ads' titesglandulo'si; the Prostate gland. 
 A glandular, cordiform body, of the size of a 
 chestnut, situate before the neck of the bladder, 
 behind the symphysis pubis, and surrounding the 
 first portion of the urethra. Its excretory out- 
 lets, to the number of 10 or 12, open into the part 
 of the urethra that traverses it, and pour into it 
 a whitish viscid humour — Liqxior prostat'icus — 
 intended to lubricate the interior of the urethra, 
 and to serve as a vehicle for the sperm in its 
 ejaculation. 
 
 Prostate, Anterior, see Cowper's glands. 
 
 PROSTATELCO'SIS, from rpoaTara, 'pros- 
 tate.' and '{Awj, ' an ulcer.' Ulceration of the 
 prostate. 
 
 PROSTATES INFERIEVRES, Cowper's 
 glands — p. Petites, Cowper's glands. 
 
 PROSTAT'IC, Prostat'icus, Pros'tatal, (F.) 
 Prostatique. That which belongs or relates to 
 the prostate. Winslow has named — Superior 
 Prostatic Muscles — ligaments which pass from 
 the pubis to the lateral parts of the prostate. He, 
 also, calls — Inferior prostatic muscles — the flieshy 
 fibres, which, from the lateral parts of the urethra, 
 
 near its membranous portion, pass to be inserted 
 into the pubis. 
 
 Prostatic Bisec'tor. An instrument em- 
 ployed by Dr. Slovens, of New York, in the bi- 
 lateral operation of lithotomy. In form it resem- 
 bles a large olive, with a beak at the extremity, 
 cutting edges at the sides parallel to its longest 
 axis, and with a straight handle. 
 
 Prostatic Liquor, Liquor prostat'icus. The 
 fluid secreted by the prostate, which mixes with 
 sperm during emission. 
 
 Prostatic portion op the Urethra. The 
 part of the canal of the urethra included by the 
 prostate : it is about 15 lines long. 
 
 Prostatic Sinus, see Sinus, prostatic. 
 
 PROSTATICUS SUPERIOR, Compressor 
 prostat£e. 
 
 PROSTATIQUE, Prostatic. 
 
 PROSTATI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Pros'tata, from 
 irpoaTara, ' the prostate,' and itis, denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the prostate ; when 
 accompanying gonorrhcea, it is the gonorrho- 
 prostnti'tis. 
 
 PROSTATOCELE, Prostatoncus. 
 
 PROSTATON'CUS, Prostatoce'le, Tumor pros- 
 tata, from rpoaTura, 'the prostate,' and oyKos, 'a 
 tumour.' Swelling of the prostate. 
 
 PROSTATOPARECTASIS, from ^poorara, 
 'prostate,' and jrapcKTeivtiv, 'to extend.' En- 
 largement of the prostate ; also, induration of the 
 same, Prostatoscir'rlius, Prostatavx'e. 
 
 PROSTATOSCIRRHUS, see Prostatoparec- 
 tasis. 
 
 PROSTERNID'IUM, from rpo, 'before,' and 
 oTipvov, ' the sternum.' Any agent applied to the 
 anterior part of the chest ; a plaster to the breast. 
 
 PROSTHESIS, Prothesis. 
 
 PROSTHETA, Subdita. 
 
 PROSTHIUM, Penis. 
 
 PROSTOM'IA, Commissu'ra lahio'rum ; from 
 ■npo, ' before,' and arofia, ' mouth." The commis- 
 sure of the lips. 
 
 PROSTRA'TION, Prostra'tio vi'rium, (F.) 
 Prostration des forces, Ahattement. Great de- 
 pression of strength. Almost total loss of power 
 over the muscles of locomotion. 
 
 PRO'TEA MELIF'ERA. A South African 
 plant, Nat. Ord. Proteaceae, whose involucra and 
 flowers, at the time of inflorescence, are filled 
 with a sweet watery liquid, which contains a 
 great deal of honey. By inspissation it forms a 
 delicious syrup — Syr'iqms Pro'tea, which is much 
 used in pulmonary affections. 
 
 Protea Lepibocarpon, and some other Pro- 
 teas, supply the same kind of juice. ( 
 
 PPiO'TEAN, Pro'teiform, Proteiform'is, from 
 Proteus, who could assume various shapes. As- 
 suming different shapes. 
 
 PROTEIFORMIS, Protean. 
 
 Proteiform'is Morbus. A disease which as- 
 sumes various characters. 
 
 PRO'TEIN, Proteine, Protei'na, from Ttpiarcvu), 
 'I take first rank.' A product of the decomposi- 
 tion of albumen, &c., by potassa. When animal 
 albumen, fibrin or casein is dissolved in a mode- 
 rately strong solution of caustic potassa, and the 
 solution is exposed for some time to a high tem- 
 perature, these substances are decomposed. The 
 addition of acetic acid causes, in all three, the 
 separation of a gelatinous translucent precipitate 
 which has exactly the same characters and com- 
 position. This is protein. — Mulder. 
 
 Protein is the basis of animal and vegetable 
 fibrin, albumen, and casein, and of gluten, which 
 have been, consequently, classed under the " pro- 
 teinaceous alimentary principle," by Dr. Pereira. 
 
 PROTEINACEOUS, Proteinous. 
 
 PRO'TEINOUS, Proteina'ceous, Proteino'sus, 
 
PROTEINEUX 
 
 764 
 
 PRUNUS ACACIA 
 
 (F.) Protiiueux. Of, or belonging to protein : — 
 as " a proteinous alimentary principle." 
 
 PR TEINE UX, Proteinous. 
 
 PROTENSIONES GLANDULARES, Mam- 
 millary eminences. 
 
 PROTH'ESIS, Pros' tliesis, Adjuvc'tio, Adjec'- 
 tio, Aj}posi"tio, ' addition, application ;' from npo;, 
 'in addition to,' and rt&riiJii, 'I put.' That part 
 of surgery whose object is to add to the human 
 body some artificial part, in place of one that may 
 be wanting, as a wooden leg, an artificial eye, &c. 
 
 PROTMESIS, Umbilicus, Kidney. 
 
 PROTOAZOTATE BE MERCURE, Hy- 
 drargyri nitras. 
 
 PROTOGALA, Colostrum. 
 
 PROTOIATROS. Archiater. 
 
 PROTOMEDICUS, Archiater. 
 
 PROTOMUS, Dissector. 
 
 PROTOPATHIA, Idiopathia. 
 
 PRO'TOPHYTE, Protoph'yton, from :7p«rof, 
 'first,' and (pvrov, ' a plant.' A vegetable produc- 
 tion at the foot of the scale; as a cryptogamous 
 plant, — a fungus. 
 
 PRO'TOPL AST,from vpuiTOi, ' first,' and ^Xoctitm, 
 *I form.' A primary formation. A first formed 
 organized body — the parent of all others. 
 
 PROTOSPOROS, Os uteri. 
 
 PROTOZO'ON, from ttputoj, 'first,' and ^wov, 
 * an animal.' An animal lowest in the scale ; — 
 as a monad. 
 
 PROTRAHENS LENTIS, Ciliary muscle. 
 
 PROTRUSION. Prolapsus. 
 
 PROTU'BERANCE, Proiuheran'Ua, Extiihe- 
 ra'tio, Prominen'tia,Excrescen'tia, E~ctuberan't!n, 
 from pro, 'before,' and tuber, 'a projection.' (F.) 
 Posse. A name given to rough, unequal protu- 
 berances, seen at the surface of certain organs ; 
 the jiarietal protuberanceSfOccipital 2}rottiberaiices, 
 annular protuberances, &c. 
 
 Protuberance, Annular, Pons Varolii — p. 
 Cerebral, Medulla oblongata, Pons Varolii — p. 
 Cylindroide, Cornu ammonis. 
 
 PROTUBERANTIA, Eminence— p. Annularis 
 Willisii, Pons Varolii — p. Basilaris, Pons Varolii 
 ■ — p. Cylindrica, Cornu ammonis. 
 
 PROTRUSOR, Detrusor urina;. 
 
 PROULIMATESIS. a word employed by 
 Forestus for hernia of the stomach [?]. 
 
 PROUNE, Prunus domestica. 
 
 PROVENTRIC'ULUS, Bulbus glnndnlo'sus, 
 Infundib' ulum, Second stomach/ from -fio, 'be- 
 fore,' and ventriculus, ' the stomach.' A bulbous 
 expansion at the termination of the oasophagus, 
 immediately above the gizzard of birds, the walls 
 of which are thickly studded with a layer of 
 glands or follicles which secrete a digestive fluid. 
 
 PROVERBS, MED'ICAL. A proverbial ex- 
 pression frequently contains sound sense in its 
 directions. In medicine, the greatest collection 
 is in the Rer/imen of Health of the School of Sa- 
 lernnm, composed in the 11th century, b}' John 
 of Milan. Yet, although good sense is often in- 
 culcated, we frequently meet with the reverse. 
 
 Most of the proverbs are hygienic. The fol- 
 lowing are a few. 
 
 1. Qu^ apres la soupe tin coupe d' excellent vin 
 Tire itn ecu de la poche du medecin. 
 
 2. Surge quintd, prande nond, catna quinla, dormi 
 
 iiona, iiec est morti vita prona. 
 
 3. Nunquam recte corpus exerceri sine animo, 
 
 neque animuni sine corpore posse. 
 
 4. Viande hien machee est at demi digeree. 
 
 5. Optimum condimentum fames. 
 Appetite is the best sauce. 
 
 6. Plurea occidit gula quam gladius. 
 
 7. Early to bed and early to rise. 
 
 Makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. 
 
 8. One man's meat's another man's poison. 
 
 9. An ounce of prevention is better than a pound 
 
 of cure. 
 
 PROVERSIO, Anteversion. 
 
 PROVIXS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Cha- 
 lybeate springs in the department of Seine et 
 Marne, France, which contain carbonic acid and 
 iron. 
 
 PROVOCATORIUS, Intercalary. 
 
 PROXIMAD, see Proximal aspect. 
 
 Proximal, from proximus, 'next.' Proxi- 
 mate; nearest; next. 
 
 Proximal Aspect. An aspect towards the 
 trunk, in the course of an extremity. — Barclay. 
 Pro.c'itnad is used by the same writer adverbially 
 to signify 'towards the trunk.' 
 
 PRUNA, Anthrax. 
 
 PRUNE, Prunum. 
 
 Prune Juice Expectora'tion or Sputa. The 
 sputa resembling prune juice, which occur in the 
 third or purulent stage of pneumonia, 
 
 PRUNEAU, Prunum. 
 
 PRUNELLA, Angina pectoris, Aphthse, Cy- 
 nanche, Pupil. 
 
 Prunel'la, p. vulga'ris seu officina'lis, Bru- 
 nel'la, Consol'ida minor, Sym'phytum minus, Self- 
 heal, Heal-all, Bugle, (F. ) Prunelle, Brunelle ; 
 Ord. Labiatffi. Sex. Syst. Didynamia Gymno- 
 spermia. This plant has been recommended as 
 an astringent, in hemorrhages and fluxes; and, 
 also, in gargles against aphthae, and in inflam- 
 mation of the fauces. 
 
 PRUNELLA SAL, Potassse nitras fusus sul- 
 phatis paucillo mixtus. 
 
 PRUNELLE, Prunella, Pupil. 
 
 PRUNELLIER, Prunus spinosa. 
 
 PRUNELLOE, Prunum Brignolense. 
 
 PRUNEOLA SYLVESTRIS, Prunus spinosa. 
 
 PRUNES, see Prunum — p. Pulp of, Pruni 
 Pulpa. 
 
 PRUNI PULPA, Pulp of prunes. Take of 
 prunes a sufiicient quantity, soften them in the 
 vapour of boiling water, and having separated 
 the stones, beat the remainder in a marble mortar 
 and press through a hair-sieve. — Ph. U. S. 
 
 PRUNIER, Prunus domestica — p. Sauvage, 
 Prunus spinosa. 
 
 PRUNUM. A dried Plttm, a Prune. (F.) 
 Pruneau. Three sorts of Prunes have been 
 usually ranked amongst the articles of the mate- 
 ria niedica. 1. The Prunum Brignolen'se ; the 
 Brignole plum or Prunel'loe ; from Brignole in 
 Provence. It is of a reddish-yellow colour; and 
 has a very grateful, sweet, subacid taste. 2. The 
 Prunum Gal'licum, Prunum (Ph. U. S.), the 
 French Prune ; and 3. The Prunum Pamasce'nun 
 or Damson, Brab'ylon. All these possess the 
 same general qualities as the other summer fruits. 
 They are emollient and laxative. 
 
 Prunum Stellatum, Averrhoa carambola. 
 
 PRUNUS ACACIA, Prunus padus. 
 
 Prunus Armeni'aca, ^r??ieni'aca vulga'ris seu 
 epiro'tica. The A'pricot, Apricock, Bericoc'ce, 
 ficpiKOKKri, Pracoc'ia, (F.) Ahrieotier. Ord. Eosa- 
 ceae. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Monogynia. The 
 apricot, JLelum Armeniacum, (F.) Abricot, when 
 ripe, is easily digested, and considered as a great 
 delicacy. 
 
 Prunus A'vium, P. cer'asus seu sylvest'ris seu 
 macrophyl'la, Cer'asus A'vium seu 7iigra seu 
 dulcis, Black Cherry Tree, (F.) 3ferisier. The 
 fruit is eaten ; and a gum exudes from the tree, 
 the properties of which are similar to those of 
 gum Arabic. 
 
 Prunus Capulin, (S.) Captdies, grows in the 
 
PRURIGINOUS 
 
 765 
 
 PSEUDAPHE 
 
 open fields of Peru; and is cultivated in gardens 
 in the towns. The fruit is acid, and not often 
 eaten ; but on account of its agreeable odour it is 
 used in making Pucheros de florea ; or with odo- 
 riferous flowers to perfume linen. — Tschudi. 
 
 Prunus Cer'asus, Cer'aaus ac"ida seu horten'- 
 sis seu vulga'ris seu ruhra. The Red Cherry 
 Tree; (F.) Cerisier. The fruit Cer'asum, Cera'- 
 sion, has a pleasant, acidulous sweet flavour. It 
 is wholesome. See Prunus avium. 
 
 Pkunus Domes'tica. The Plum or Damson 
 tree, Coccyme'lea, Proune, (¥.) Priinier ordinaire. 
 The damson, when perfectly ripe, affords a whole- 
 some fruit for pies, tarts, <fcc. It is gently laxa- 
 tive. See Prunum. 
 
 Prunus Hortensis, P. cerasus. 
 Prunus Insi'tia. The Bullace Plum Tree. 
 The fruit of this tree is used like the damson. 
 
 Prunus Lauro-Cer'asus, Cer'asus lauro-cera- 
 sus, Padiis lauro-eerasus. Poison Laurel, Cherry 
 Laurel, Common Laurel, Lnuro-cerasus, (F.) Lau- 
 Her-eerise, L. amandier, L. de Trebisonde. The 
 leaves, Lauro-cer'asus, (Ph. E. and D.) have a bit- 
 ter, styptic taste, with the flavour of bitter al- 
 monds. The flowers have a similar flavour. The 
 powdered leaves, applied to the nostrils, excite 
 sneezing. The flavour of the leaves has given 
 occasion to their being employed in tarts, cus- 
 tards, &Q. ; but in large quantities they are poi- 
 sonous. The poisonous principle is the prussie 
 acid. The distilled water, called Laurel-water, 
 is poisonous. (See Poisons, Table of.) An Aqua 
 Lauro-CEr'asi, Cherry Laurel-water, is ofiicinal 
 in the Edinburgh and Dublin Pharmacopoeias. 
 Dose, t^JJ XXX to f 3J. 
 
 Prunus Macrophylla, P. avium. 
 Prunus Padus, Padus, P. a'vium, Cer'asus 
 Padus seu racemo'sus sylves'tria, Wild cluster or 
 Bird Cherry Tree, (Sc.j Hacjherry, Hach-herry, 
 (Prov.) Heckherry, (F.) Cerisier d yrappes, Bois 
 puant. The bark of the tree has a fragrant 
 smell, and a bitter sub-astringent taste, somewhat 
 similar to that of bitter almonds. It has been 
 recommended in intermittents, Ac, in the form 
 of decoction. The berries have been used in 
 dysentery. 
 
 Prunus Sebastina, Sebastina. 
 Prunus Spino'sa. The Sloe Tree, P. sylves'- 
 tria seu Aca'cia, Agrioeoccime'lea, Agra'na, Agru- 
 ne'la, (F.) Prunellier, Prunier sauvage. The 
 fruit — the s?oc — is sometimes employed in gargles, 
 and was formerly much used in hemorrhage, 
 owing to the astringent properties. The Aca'cia 
 nostras seu German'ica seu vulga'ris, Prune'ola 
 gylvea'tris, Succus acacice nostra' tis, S. Acacia 
 Germanicm inspissa'tus'is obtained from this. 
 Prunus Sylvestris, P. Avium, P. Spinosa. 
 Prunus Virginia'na, Cer'asus sero'tina seu 
 Virginiu'na, Choke cherry. Wild Cherry Tree, 
 (F.) Cerisier de Virginie. The bark of this tree 
 has been found useful in intermittents. The 
 leaves are poisonous to certain animals, and the 
 berries intoxicate different kinds of birds. The 
 Indians use the bark in the cure of syphilis. It 
 is bitter and astringent, and possesses some aro- 
 matic warmth, and likewise a sedative quality. It 
 is stimulant and tonic. The leaves contain prus- 
 sie acid. The distilled oil of the bark is very 
 nearly identical with that of the bitter almond. 
 A strong decoction of the bark is anthelmintic. 
 Prunus Vulgaris, P. Padus. 
 PRURIG"INOUS, Prurigino'sna, (¥.)Prurigi. 
 veux. Same etymon as the next. Relating, or 
 belonging to, or resembling prurigo. 
 
 PRUllI'GO, Pruri'tus, Chris' ma ; from prurio, 
 pruritum, ' to itch.' The word is often used 
 synonymously with itching. Willan and Bate- 
 man use the term for a genus of cutaneous dis- 
 eases, the characteristic symptoms of which are 
 
 a severe itching, accompanied by an eruption of 
 papulae of nearly the same colour as the adjoin- 
 ing cuticle; Cnesmos, Scabies papuli/orm ' is, 
 Exor'mia pruri'go. It affects the whole surface 
 of the skin, under three varieties of form; — the 
 P. mitis, P. formi'cans, P. seni'lis, &c., as well 
 as some parts of the body, as the P. pod'icia, and 
 P. pnden'di mnlie'bris, Puden'dagra pru'riens, 
 Pruri'tus vulvae, (F.) Prurit de la vulve. 
 
 Prurigo, Heat — p. Pedicularis, Phtheiriasis. 
 PR URIT, Itching— p. de la Vulve, see Prurigo. 
 PRURITUS, Gargalus, Itching, Prurigo — p. 
 VulvaB, see Prurigo. 
 
 PRUSSIAN B1.\]Y., Ferrum Zo-6t'ictim seu Bo- 
 rua'sicum seu Cyanogena'tnm seu oxydula'tum hy- 
 drocyan'icum, Ferri Ferrocy'anaa seu Ferrocya- 
 juire'tum seu Cyannre'tum seu Percy an'idum, 
 Borus'sias seu Prusaias seu Hydrocy'anaa Ferri, 
 Cceru'leum Borna'aicum seu Berolinen'se, Trito- 
 hydro-ferrocy' anate or Ferrocyanuret or Ferro- 
 prus'siate of iron, (F.) Bleu de Prusse, B. de 
 Berlin. In the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
 States, the pure salt — Ferri ferrocyanuretum — is 
 directed to be made as follows; Ferri Sulph. ^iv, 
 acid sulph. f ^iiiss, acid nitric, f^^'j or q. s., po- 
 tassii ferrocyanuret. ,^ivss, aquff, Oij. Dissolve 
 the sulphate in a pint of water, and having add- 
 ed the sulphuric acid, boil the solution. Pour 
 into it the nitric acid, in small portions, boiling 
 the liquid for a minute or two after each addi- 
 tion, until it no longer produces a dark colour; 
 then allow the liquid to cool. Dissolve the ferro- 
 cyanuret of potassium in the remainder of the 
 water, and add this solution gradually to the first 
 liquid, agitating the mixture after each addition ; 
 then pour it upon a filter. Wash the precipitate 
 with boiling water until the washings pass taste- 
 less. Lastly, dry and rub into powder. This 
 salt is chiefly used in the preparation of the hy- 
 drocyanic acid and the cyanuret of mercury. It 
 has been advised in the treatment of intermit- 
 tents, and in epilepsy and scrophulosis. Exter- 
 nally, it has been applied to ill-conditioned ulcers. 
 (^i to ^j. of cerate.) Dose, four to sis grains. 
 ' PSALIDIUM, Fornix. 
 PSALIS, Fornix, Scissors. 
 PSALTERIUM. Lyra. 
 PSAMMA, see Gravel. 
 
 PSAMMIS'iMUS, Ammia'mus, Gammis'mus, 
 from t/zaw/iiof, ' sand.' Areua'tio. The application 
 of sand to any part of the body for the cure of 
 disease. — Paulus. 
 
 PSAMMODES, Sabulous. 
 PSAMMUS. see Gravel. 
 PSAVTIER, Omasum. 
 
 PSELLIS'MUS, ^^£X^((^^of, Psellotes, iPcXXorr];, 
 from ^.t^Ai^o), 'I stutter.' Imperfect or depraved 
 state of the articulation. A genus in the class 
 Pnenmatica, order Phonica, of Good. 
 
 PsELLiSMUS Nasitas, Rhinophonia — p. Rho- 
 tacismus, Rotacism. 
 
 PSELLOTES, Balbuties. 
 
 PSEUDACACIA ODORATA, Robinia pseu- 
 dacacia. 
 
 PSEUDAC'OE, Pseudaco'i'a, Pseudecoi'a, from 
 xpcvirjf, 'false,' and axorj, 'audition.' Psetidacu'sis. 
 False hearing. 
 
 PSEUDACORUS, Iris pseudacorus. 
 PSEUD^STHE'SIA, Senaua perver'sus, from 
 ileviri;, 'false,' and aia^avonai, 'I feel.' aia&riatg, 
 ' feeling.' Parapsia illuao'ria, Pseiida'phe, Pseu- 
 dajih'ia, (F.) Pseudesthesie. Depraved feeling. 
 Imaginary sense of touch or general feeling in 
 organs that have no existence. Common to those 
 who have suffered amputation ; and to hypochon- 
 driacs and the insane. 
 
 PSEUDALEI MORBL Feigned diseases. 
 PSEUD ANGUSTURINUM. Brucine. 
 PSEUDAPHE, Pseudsesthesia. 
 
PSEUDARTHROSIS 
 
 766 
 
 PSOLE 
 
 PSETJDARTHRO'SIS, PseudarticuWfio, 
 Pseudartic'uhis, Articula'tio notha seu artijicia'- 
 lis, from tpcvitu, 'false,' and ap^pov, ' a joint.' A 
 false joint or articulation; Artie'ulus novus seu 
 spu'riKS seu prcBternatura'lis, (F.) Articulation 
 surnnmeraire. 
 
 PSEUD ARTICULATIO, Pseudarthrosis. 
 
 PSEUDECOIA, Pseudacoe. 
 
 PSEUDBNCEPH'ALUS, Paraceph'alus, from 
 \j.ev&ni, ' false,' and EyKE^oXov, ' the eneephalon.' 
 A monster, whose cranium is open in its whole 
 extent, from before to behind, its base supporting 
 a vascular tumour. — I. G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 PSSEUDESTHESIE, Pseudsesthesia. 
 
 PSEUDO, False — p. Asthma, Dyspnoea. 
 
 PSEUDOBLEP'SIA, Pseudohlepsis, Pseudo- 
 ra'sis, Suffn'iiio oc'uli, from xpevSrj;, 'false,' and 
 /3\£i^(f, ' sight.' Pseudops'ia, Parop'sis illuso'ria, 
 Siiffa'sio, Phanta^'ma, False sight. A generic 
 name, used by Cullen for perversion of vision. 
 See Metamorphopsia. 
 
 PSEUDOBLEPSIS, Paropsis. 
 
 PSEUDOCARCINOMA LABII, Cancer aqua- 
 ticus. 
 
 PSEUDOCHROMIA, Achromatopsia. 
 
 PSEUDOCROUP, Asthma thvmicum. 
 
 PSEUDOCYESIS, Pregnancy, false — p. Oye- 
 Bis molaris, Mole. 
 
 PSEUDOENCEPHALITIS, Hydrencephaloid 
 disease. 
 
 PSEUDO-FEVER, Irritation, morbid. 
 
 PSEUDOGEU'SIA, Pseudogeu'sis, Pseudo- 
 geus'tia, from -Xtvirii, 'false,' and ytvais, 'taste.' 
 Hallncinn'tio gnstus. False taste. 
 
 PSEUDOGEUSTIA, Pseudogeusia. 
 
 PSEUDOHELMINTHES, Ectozoa. 
 
 PSEUDOLI'EN, Pseudosplen, from -levSns, 
 'false,' and lien, 'spleen.' Glands situate in the 
 neighborhood of the spleen ; probably, lymphatic 
 glands. 
 
 PSEUDOMECHOACANA, Convolvulus pan- 
 duratus. 
 
 PSEUDOMEDICUS. Charlatan. 
 
 PSEUDOMELANOTIC FORMATIONS, see 
 Anthracosis. 
 
 PSEUDOMELANOTIC Menisx, Membrane, false — 
 p. Metamorphosis polyposa, polypus. 
 
 PSEUDOMEMBRANA, Membrane, false. 
 
 PSEUnOMEMBRANE, Membrane, false. 
 
 PSEUDONARCISSUS, Narcissus pseudonar- 
 cissus. 
 
 PSEUDONOMA'NIA, from ^!.w^I7?, 'false,' and 
 mania. A form of insanity, which is character- 
 ized by a morbid propensity for lying. 
 
 PSEUDO-PARASITES. Ectozoa. 
 
 PSEUDOPERIPNEUMONIA, Peripneumonia 
 notha. 
 
 PSEUDOPHLOGOSIS VENTRICULI RESO- 
 LUTIVA ET COLLIQUATIVA, Gastromalacia. 
 
 PSEUDOPHTHI'SIS. ' False phthisis.' Ema- 
 ciation occasioned by other cause than organic 
 lesion of the lungs. 
 
 PSEUDOPLAS'MATA, from ^^tvhi, 'false,' 
 and -aXaaaiD, ' I form.' A term applied to malig- 
 nant heterologous tumours. — Vogel. 
 
 PSEUDOPLEURITIS, Pleurodynia — p. Po- 
 lypi, see Polypi — p. Pyrethrum, Achillea ptar- 
 mica — p. Spleen, Pseudolien. 
 
 PSEUDOPNEUMONIA, Peripneumonia no- 
 tha. 
 
 PSEUDOPNEUMONITIS, Peripneumonia no- 
 tha. 
 
 PSEUDOPSIA, Pseudoblepsia. 
 
 PSEUDORASIS, Pseudoblepsia. 
 
 PSEUDOREX'IA, Pseudorex'is, from xPsvSvs, 
 'false,' and opcfK, 'appetite.' False appetite. 
 
 PSEUDO-RHONCHUS, from xpcv&ns, 'false,' 
 and poy>(^os, ' rattle.' A sound heard during re- 
 spiration, which appears to be produced, like the 
 
 ordinary rhonchi, in the air-tubes, but is exterior 
 to them — as in the case of pleural pseudorhonchi. 
 See Rattle, and Edle. 
 
 PSEUDOSCOP'IC, Pseudoscop'icus, from 
 ylcviii, 'false,' and ckokcui, 'I view.' Conveying 
 false impressions to the eye ; as where projecting 
 surfaces are seen depressed, and conversely. 
 
 P S E U D S ' MIA, Pseudosphre'sia, Pi/eudos- 
 phre'sis, from i^tvinSi 'false,' and oaftij, 'smell.' 
 False sense of smell. 
 
 PSEUDOSPHRESIA, Pseudosmia. 
 PSEUDOSYPHILIS, Syphilis pseudosyphilis. 
 PSEUDOTHANATOS, Asphyxia. 
 PSEUDOVARIOL^, Varicella. 
 PSEUDYMEN, Membrane, false. 
 PSID'IUM POMIF'ERUM. The Apple Gua- 
 \ va, Guava, Guayava. Ord. Myrtaceae. This 
 • plant and P. Pyri/'ernm bear fruits ; those of the 
 former like apples, — of the latter like pears. The 
 apple kind has an acid flavour, the other is sweet. 
 Of the inner pulp of either, the natives of the 
 I Indies make jellies; and, of the outer rind, tarts, 
 j marmalades, &c. They are somewhat astringent; 
 j this quality, indeed, exists in every part of the 
 tree, and abundantly in the leaf-buds, which are 
 I occasionally boiled with barley and liquorice as 
 ' an excellent drink in diarrhoea. A simple decoe- 
 1 tion of the leaves is said to be useful in the itch, 
 and most cutaneous eruptions. 
 PSILOSIS, Depilation. 
 PSILOTHRUM, Bryonia alba, Depilatory. 
 PSIMMYTHON, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 PSOA, Dysodia. 
 [ PSO J3, PsoicB, PsycB, xl-oat, see Lnmhi, ' the 
 loins.' The psoae muscles ; Alop'eces, Nephro- 
 ' me'trcB, Neiirome' teres. 
 
 j PSOAS-MAGNUS, Psoas seu lumha'ris inter'. 
 i nils, Femur moven'tium sextus, Pre-lombo-trochan- 
 1 ti?i, Pre-lomho-trochantinien (Ch.). A muscle, 
 I seated on the lateral parts of the lumbar portion 
 ! of the vertebral column; and passing down to 
 the superior and anterior part of the thigh. It 
 is long, fusiform, and attached, above, to the 
 body and transverse processes of the first four 
 lumbar vertebras, and last dorsal. Below, it ter- 
 minates, by a very thick tendon, common to it 
 and the iliacus muscle, — which is inserted into 
 the top of the lesser trochanter. This muscle 
 bends the thigh upon the pelvis, and carries it in 
 rotation outwards. It may, also, bend the pelvis 
 on the thigh, and the loins on the pelvis. It acts 
 considerably in station and progression. 
 
 Psoas Parvus, Pre-lombo-pubien, (Ch.) A 
 muscle situate anteriorly to the last. It is long, 
 I thin, flat, and narrow; and is attached, above, to 
 i the body of the last dorsal vertebra, and below, 
 { to the linea ileo-pectinea, by means of a slender 
 tendon, which furnishes two expansions — one to 
 the Iliac aponeurosis, and the other to the pelvis. 
 This muscle bends the vertebral column on the 
 pelvis ; and, reciprocally, the pelvis on the ver- 
 tebral column. 
 
 PSODYMUS, Gastrodidymus. 
 PSOI^, Psose. 
 PSOiTE, Psoitis. 
 
 PSOl'TIS, In flamma' tio mus'eidi Psoas, Liim- 
 ia'goinflammato'ria spasmod'lca, (F.) Peo'ite, In- 
 flammation du muscle Psoas. From (/""'t, ' the 
 loins,' 'the psoae muscles,' and itis, denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the psoas muscles 
 and of the parts situate before the lumbar verte- 
 brae : accompanied, from its commencement, by 
 considerable fever, violent pains in the part 
 aff"ected and in the thigh of the same side, which 
 remains commonly half bent. Psoitis may termi- 
 nate by suppuration, and form a lumbar abscess. 
 PSOLE, (/.(jXt;, 'the male organ.' Also, the 
 glans when uncovered. 
 
PSOLON 
 
 767 
 
 PSYDRACIA 
 
 PSOLON, Membrosus. 
 
 PSOLON'CUS, from psole, and oyKoi;, 'a tu- 
 mour.' Swelling of the glans, or of the penis 
 generally. 
 
 PSOLUS, from/jsoZe, One who has the glans 
 uncovered. One who has been circumcised. 
 PSOPIIOMETER, Stethoscope. 
 PSOPHOS, ipo(pos, 'a noise.' Aloud noise; a 
 hollow sound. 
 
 PSORA, from i^uu, 'I rub gently.' Sea'hies, 
 Phlysig seu Ecpye'sis Scabies, Scabiola, Itch, 
 Scratch, Scotch fiddle, (Prov.) lehet, Scrat, (Sc.) 
 the Reif, Youk, Yuke, (F.) Gnle, Mai Saint-Main, 
 Rogne. A contagious eruption of very minute 
 pimples — pustular, vesicular, papular, intermixed, 
 and alternating, itching intolerably and termina- 
 ting in scabs. It seems to be connected with an 
 insect of the genus Acarns ; — the Ac'arus seu 
 Sarcop'tes seu Sarcop'tus seu Phthi'rium seu Chey- 
 le'tus Scabiei, Ao'arns Giro, Itch-insect, Itch-ani- 
 mal'ciile, Itch mite, (P.) Ciron. The itch occupies, 
 particularlj>vthe spaces between the fingers, the 
 back of the nknds, wrists, elbows, axilla, groins, 
 hams, Ac, and rarely affects the face. The best 
 applications, for its cure, are, — the Unguentwn 
 Sidphnris or Ung. Sidpih. comp. night and morn- 
 ing ; but the unpleasant smell of the sulphur has 
 given occasion to the use of other means ; — as the 
 White Hellebore, Potass in deliquescence, Muriate 
 of Ammonia, Sulphuric Acid, &c. The repug- 
 nance to the smell of sulphur ought not, however, 
 to be regarded; especially as, in the course of 
 four or five days, it will, in almost all cases, pro- 
 duce a perfect cure. 
 
 Psora Agria, Psoriasis inveterata. 
 Psora Ebrio'rum, Drunkard's Itch. An erup- 
 tion, attended by afl3icting itching, to which 
 elderly people, who have been much addicted to 
 drinking alcoholic liquors, are liable. — Darwin. 
 
 Psora Leprosa, Psoriasis — p. Squamosa, Pso- 
 riasis. 
 
 PSORALEA, Psoralea pentaphylla. 
 Psora'lea Glandulo'sa, from ■^pa\tos 
 'scurfy or scaly,' in reference to its scurfy glands 
 or dots. Alvaquil'la. Ord. LeguminosEe. Sex. 
 Sijst. Diadelphia Decandria. A shrub, used in 
 Chili as a vulnerary. The Paraguay tea is re- 
 ferred to it by M. Lenoble, of Montevideo. See 
 Ilex Paraguensis. 
 
 Psora'lea Pentaphyl'la, Psora'lea, Contra- 
 yer'va nova, Blex'ican Contrayer'va. The root is 
 little, if at all, inferior to the contrayerva in its 
 medical properties; which, by the by, are unim- 
 portant. 
 
 PSORENTERIA, Cholera. 
 PSORI'ASIS, (same etymon as Psora,) for- 
 merly, the state of beiug affef>ted with \l/a)pa. 
 Lejndo'sis psori'asis, Serpe'do, Serpi'go, Impeti'- 
 go (of some), Sca'bies sic'cn seu feri'na. Psora 
 lepro'sa seu squamo'sa, Scaly Tetter, Dry Scale, 
 Dry Scall, (P.) Dartre squameuse licheno'ide, D. 
 ecailleuse, Gratelle, Gale miliare, G. canine ou 
 s^che. A cutaneous affection, consisting of patches 
 of rough, amorphous scales; continuous, or of 
 indeterminate outline; skin often chappy. Pso- 
 riasis occurs under a considerable variety of forms. 
 The surface, under the scales, is more tender and 
 irritable than in lepra, which psoriasis, in some 
 respects, resembles. Dr. Willan has given names 
 to eleven varieties of psoriasis : the chief of 
 which are the Psoriasis gutta'ta, P. diffu'sa (one 
 form of which is the Baker's Itch and Grocer's 
 Itch; and another, the Washerwoman's Scall), the 
 P. gyra'ta, and P. invetera'ta seu Psora a'gria. 
 The treatment of irritable psoriasis must be anti- 
 phlogistic, with the internal use of the fixed 
 alkalies, sulphur, &c. They do better without 
 any local application. The more local and less 
 inflammatory are ameliorated by emollient and 
 
 soothing applications; or by slightly stimulating 
 means, sea-bathing, the Vng. hydrarg. nitrico- 
 oxyd., Ung. oxidi zinci, &c. 
 
 PSORIC, Pso'rlcus, (F.) Psorique, Guleux ; 
 from tfojpa, ' itch.' That which has the nature 
 of itch. A medicine for curing the itch. 
 
 PSOROCOMI UM, from vl/wpa, • the itch,' and 
 (co/ufci), 'I take care of.' An hospital for thoso 
 affected with itch. 
 
 PSOROPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi — p. 
 Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia (purulenta infan- 
 tum). 
 
 PSY^, Psoae. 
 
 PSYCHAGOGA, Psynhagogica. 
 
 PSYCHAGO'GICA, Psychago'ga, from ^\,vx■^, 
 'life,' 'soul,' and ayw, 'I lead.' Medicines which 
 resuscitate, when life seems extinct; as in syn- 
 cope and apoplexy. 
 
 PSYCHE, Anima. 
 
 PSYCHIA'TER. Same etymon as the next. 
 One who treats diseases of the mind — a Mad- 
 doctor, (P.) 3Iedecin de foiis, Alieniste. 
 
 PSYCHIATRI'A, from -Ivxri, 'mind,' and 
 tarptia, ' healing.' Treatment of diseases of the 
 mind. 
 
 PSY'CHICAL, Psy'ckicvs, from 4'vxv, 'mind.' 
 That which relates to the mind or mental endow- 
 ments. Psycholoy"ical is not unfrequently used 
 with the like signification. 
 . PSYCHOLOGICAL, see Psychical. 
 
 PSYCHOL'OGY, Psycholog"ia, from i^vxv, 
 'mind,' and 'Xoyo;, 'discourse.' A treatise on the 
 intellectual and moral faculties. Also, the intel- 
 lectual and moral faculties or sphere. 
 
 PSYCHONOSOL'OGY, Psychonosolog"ia, from 
 'j'vx.V, 'mind,' voao;, 'disease,' and \oyos, 'a de- 
 scription.' The doctrine of, or a treatise on, dis- 
 eases of the mind. 
 
 PSYCHOPATHIES, Psychoses. 
 
 PSYCHOR'AGES, Agoni'zans, 3toribtin'dus, 
 Mor'ibund, Fey, Fee, Fie, from ^vxv, ' mind, 
 'life,' and payv, 'rupture.' Dying; in Articnlo 
 Mortis, " in the article of death ;" in extre'mis. 
 Moribund means, also, one who is dying. 
 
 PSYCHORAGIA, Agony, Death. 
 
 PSYCHORRHAGIA, Agony, Death. 
 
 PSYCHOS, Cold. 
 
 PSYCIIO'SES, from ^vxv, 'mind.' Neuroses 
 of the intellect. Diseases of the mind. Psy- 
 chop'athies. 
 
 PSYCHOTHERAPEI'A, from x^^vxi, 'mind,' 
 and ^cpair£vu), ' I attend upon the sick.' Treat- 
 ment of disease through the mind. 
 
 PSYCHOTICA, Analeptiea. 
 
 PSYCHOTRIA, Analeptiea — p. Crocea, Pali- 
 courea crocea — p. Emetica, Ipecacuanha. 
 
 PSYCHOTROPHUM, Betonica officinalis. 
 
 PSYCHROLU'SIA, Psychrolu'tron, from x^v- 
 Xpog, 'cold,' and Aouw, 'I wash.' A cold bath. 
 
 PSYCHROPHOB'IA, from -Ivxpoi, cold,' and 
 (^olioi, 'fear.' Dread of cold, especially of cold 
 water. Impressibility to cold. 
 
 PSYCHTICA, Refrigerants. 
 
 PSYDRA'CIA, quasi, x^ivKpa 'vSpaKta, 'cold 
 drops,' from ;//t)(5paf, ^vSpaKos, ' a small blister or 
 pimple.' The ancients sometimes used this term 
 for ]}imples ; at others, for «jesic?es. Willan and 
 Bateman define Psydraciiim to be, a small pus- 
 tule, often irregularly circumscribed, producing 
 but a slight elevation of the cuticle, and termi- 
 nating in a laminated scab. Many of the psy- 
 dracia usually appear together, and become con- 
 fluent; and, after the discharge of pus, they pour 
 out a thin, watery humour; which frequently 
 forms an irregular incrustation. Frank limits 
 the term to a psoriform eruption, which differs 
 from itch in not originating from an insect, and 
 is not contagious: — perhaps the lichen. Authors 
 have differed regarding its acceptation. 
 
PSYLLIUM 
 
 768 
 
 PTERYGOID 
 
 PsYDRACiA Acne, Acne. 
 
 PSYLLIUM, Plantago psyllium — p. Ereetum, 
 Plantago psyllium. 
 
 PTAE,MICA, Achillea ptarmica — p. Montana, 
 Arnica montana. 
 
 PTARMICUM, Errhine, Sternutatory. 
 
 PTARMOS, Sneezing. 
 
 PTELEA, Ulmus. 
 
 Ptelea Trifolia'ta, Shrnhhy trefoil, Sioamp 
 dogwood, Stinking ash, Stinking prairie hush, 
 Wingseed ; indigenous. OrtZer, Xanthoxylacese. 
 Flowering in June. Is said to be possessed of 
 antiperiodic virtues, and to be anthelmintic. 
 
 PTERIS, Polypodium filix mas. 
 
 Ptbris Aquili'na, (TTTepv^, 'a wing,' from the 
 shape of its leaves.) Pter'ia, Thelyp'teris, Filix 
 Nymphce'a seu fcemin'ea, Asple' iiium aquili'num. 
 Common Brake or Female Fern; Eagle Fern, 
 Bracken, (F.) Fougere femelle. La, graitde Fou- 
 gere. Nat. Ord. Filices. The root is considered 
 to be anthelmintic; and as efficacious as that of 
 the male fern in cases of tapeworm. 
 
 Pteris Palustris, Asplenium filix foemina. 
 
 PTERNA, Calcaneum. 
 
 PTERNIUM, Calcaneum. 
 
 PTERNOBATES, Calcigradus. 
 
 PTEROCARPUS ERINACEA, see Kino — p. 
 Marsupium, see Kino — p. Sandalinus, P. Santa- 
 linus. 
 
 Pterocar'pus Santali'nus, p. Sandali'nus, 
 (TTTspov, 'a wing,' and Kap-roi, 'fruit,') San'tahim 
 seu San'dalum Rnhrum, Red Sanders or Saunders 
 Tree, (F.) Santal rouge. Ord. LeguminosEe. 
 Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. Red Saunders 
 wood, San'talnm, (Ph. U. S.,) Lignum sandaW- 
 iium is used only as a coh)uring matter: it gives 
 to rectified spirit a fine deep red. The juice of 
 this tree, like that of P. Draco, affords a species 
 of Drngoii's Blood. 
 
 PTEROCAULON PYCNOSTACH'YUM, Oo- 
 ny'za pycnostach'ya. Black root ; indigenous. 
 Order, Compositse. The root is used as an alte- 
 rative in the form of decoction. It is said to be 
 possessed of cathartic properties. 
 
 PTEROS'PORA ANDROMEDE'A, (vTspov, 'a 
 wing,' and a-opa, 'seed,' in allusion to the singu- 
 lar wing borne by the seeds,) Scaly Dragon claiv. 
 Dragon root, Fever root, Albany beechdrop. An 
 indigenous plant. Nat. Ord. Monotropeae, Se.r. 
 Syst. Decandria Monogynia: — found in the State 
 of New York, which blossoms in July. The root 
 has been regarded as an anthelmintic, diuretic, 
 emmenagogue, &c. : but is not used. 
 
 PTERY&'ION, Pterygium, Ala, from Trrzpv^, 
 vTEpvyo;, ' a wing.' A small wing. Web, Onyx, 
 Pyo'sis, Unguis, (F.) Drapeau, Onglet. A vari- 
 cose excrescence of the conjunctiva, of a trian- 
 gular shape, and commonly occurring at the inner 
 angle of the eye; whence it extends over the 
 cornea. Sometimes two or three pterygia occur 
 on the same eye, and cover the whole cornea 
 with a thick veil, which totally prevents vision. 
 According to Scarpa, the ancients gave the name 
 Pannic'ulus to this last complication. If the 
 pterygion cannot be dispelled by means of discu- 
 tient collvria, it must be removed bv the scissors. 
 PTERYGIUM, Pterygion, Scapula— p. Digiti, 
 Paronychia — p. Lardaceum, Pinguecula — p. Pin- 
 gue, Pinguecula. 
 
 PTER'YGO, in the composition of anatomical 
 terms, means relating, or appertaining, to the 
 pterygoid processes. 
 
 . PTERYGO-ANGULI-MAXILLAIRE, Ptery- 
 goideus internus — p. Colli-maxillaire, Pterj'goid- 
 eu3 externus — p. Maxillaire, grand, Pterygoideus 
 internus — p. Maxillaire, petit, Pterygoideus ex- 
 ternus — p. Palatine canal, Pterj'goid canal — p. 
 Pharyngeus, Constrictor pharyngis — p. Staphy- 
 linus, Circumflexus. 
 
 PTER'YGO-PAL'ATINE,P^err/sro-PaZah''n«». 
 That which belongs to the pterygoid process and 
 palate. 
 
 Pterygo-Palatine Artery or Superior pha- 
 ryngeal is a very small artery, and is given off by 
 the internal maxillary at the bottom of the zygo- 
 matic fossa: after having passed through the 
 pterygo-palatine canal, it is distributed to the 
 superior part of the pharynx, the sphenoid bone, 
 and the Eustachian tube. 
 
 Pterygo-Palatine Canal. A small canal, 
 formed by the internal ala of the pterygoid pro- 
 cess, and the palate bone. It gives passage to 
 the vessels of the same name. 
 
 PTERYGO-STAPHYLINUS INTERNUS, 
 Levator palati — p. Syndesmo-staphyli-pharyngien, 
 Constrictor pharyngis. 
 
 PTERYGODES, Alatus. 
 
 'P'I'E'R,'YQ0l'D,PterygoVdes,Pterygoide'u8,Ali- 
 for'niis ; from mipv^, irrcpvyog, ' a wing,' and ttioi, 
 ' form.' A name given to two processes at the in- 
 ferior surface of the sphenoid bone; the two la- 
 min£e which form them having been compared to 
 wings. These alee or wings or processes, — Froces'- 
 sus aliform'es, — have been distinguished, ac- 
 cording to their position, into internal (ento-pte- 
 rygoid] and external. 
 
 Pterygoid Artery, Yid'ian Artery, Bam'ulua 
 Ductus Pterygoide'i, Arte'ria pharynge'a supre'- 
 ma, arises from the internal maxillary artery, at 
 the bottom of the zygomatic fossa, and enters the 
 pterygoid canal with the nerve of the same name, 
 to proceed to be distributed on the Eustachian 
 tube and velum palati. The name, pterygoid 
 arteries, is likewise given to the branches, which 
 the internal maxillary and some of its divisions, 
 as the meningea media, and posterior temporalis 
 profunda, furnish to the pterygoid muscles, be- 
 hind the neck of the lower jaw. 
 
 Pterygoid Bone, Sphenoid. 
 
 Pterygoid Canal, Yid'ian canal, Ductus pte- 
 rygoideus, Cana'lis Vidia'nus, (F.) Conduit ptery- 
 go'idien ou Vidien, Pterygo-palatine canal, is a 
 narrow channel, which traverses, in a direction 
 from before to behind, the base of the pterygoid 
 process, and gives passage to the pterygoid nerve. 
 The foramina of the sphenoid, which terminate 
 the canals, have the same epithets applied to 
 them. 
 
 Pterygoid Fossa, Fossa Pterygo'ide'a, (F.) 
 Fosse pterygo'idienne ou pterygo'ide, is the de- 
 pression which separates the two laminae or alae 
 of the pterygoid process. 
 
 Pterygoid Mus'cles, Ala'res mna'euli, Ali- 
 form'es mus'culi, are two in number. 1. The 
 Pterygoideus externus seu minor, (F.) Pterygo- 
 colli -maxillaire. Petit Pterygo-maxillaire (Ch.), 
 Petit pterygoidien, Pterygoidien externe, is a 
 thick, short muscle, which arises, by short apo- 
 neuroses, from the outer surface of the external 
 ala of the pterygoid process, and from the outer 
 surface of the great ala of the sphenoid bone ; 
 and is inserted at the anterior part of the neck 
 of the lower jaw-bone, and the corresponding part 
 of the inter-articular fibro-cartilage. This muscle 
 draws the condyle of the lower jaw and the inter- 
 articular ligament forwards. It carries the chin 
 forwards, and to the opposite side. If the two 
 external pterygoids act together, the jaw is car- 
 ried directly forwards. 2. The Pterygoideus in- 
 ternus seu major, Ifasse'ter intern' its, Latena in 
 Ore, (F.) Grand Pterygo-maxillaire, Pterygo- 
 anguli-maxillaire. Grand Pterygoidien ou Ptery- 
 goidien interne. A thick, quadrilateral muscle, 
 which is attached by short and very strong apo- 
 neuroses; above, to the pterygoid fossa, whence 
 it proceeds downwards, backwards, and outwards, 
 to be inserted into the inner surface of the ramus 
 of the lower jaw, near its angle. This muscle 
 
PTERYGOIDIEN 
 
 769 
 
 PUCHURY 
 
 raises the lower jaw, and carries it a little for- 
 wards. It also performs the grinding motion. 
 
 Pterygoid Neryes. These are two in num- 
 ber. I. The Pterygoid or Vid' ian Nerve. It 
 arises from the posterior part of the spheno- 
 palatine ganglion ; traverses the Vidian canal of 
 the sphenoid; and, beyond, divides into two fila- 
 ments. 1. A superior or cranial, Nervus superji- 
 cia'lis give petro'aus, which ascends into the cra- 
 nium, and enters the hiatus of Fallopius to unite 
 with the facial nerve. 2. An inferior or carotid, 
 Nervas profundus sive major, which traverses the 
 carotid canal, and unites with the ascending 
 branches of the superior cervical ganglion of the 
 trisplanchnic. ii. The Pterygoid Nerve, pro- 
 perly so called, Nervus musculi pterygo'idei, is 
 given off by the inferior maxillary branch of the 
 6th pair. 
 
 Pterygoit) Processes, see Pterygoid. 
 
 PTERYGOIDIEN GRAND ou INTERNE, 
 Pterygoideus internus — j^- Externe, Pterygoideus 
 esternus — p. Petit, Pterygoideus externus. 
 
 PTERTGO'MA, from nTipv^, -nTtpvyos, ' a wing; 
 a projecting or pendulous body.' A swelling of 
 the vulva, which prevents coition. — M. A. Seve- 
 rinus. 
 
 PTERTX, Ala. 
 
 PTILOSIS, Deplumatio, Madarosis. 
 
 PTISANA, Tisane — p. Communis, Decoctum 
 hordei compositum — p. Hippocratica, Decoctum 
 hordei. 
 
 PTISSANA, Tisane. 
 
 PTOCHIA'TER, Ptochia'tnts, from Trru^^oj, 
 'poor,' and larpo;, 'a physician.' A physician to 
 the poor, or to an establishment for the poor. 
 
 PTOCHIATRI'A. Practice amongst the poor. 
 Also, an institution for the treatment of the dis- 
 eases of the poor. 
 
 PTOCHOCOMFUM, from -to)X°s< ' a V^or per- 
 son,' and KOjieij), 'I take care of;' Pfoehodochi' um, 
 Ptochei'nm, Ploc}iotroj)he'urii. An almshouse. An 
 hospital for the poor. 
 
 PTOCHODOCHIUM, Ptochocomium. 
 
 PTOCHOTROPHEUM, Ptochocomium. 
 
 PTOMA, Cadaver. 
 
 PTOSIS, TTTuo-if, Prolapsus — p. Bulbi oculi, 
 Exophthalmia. 
 
 Ptosis I'ridis, Iridoee'Ie, Her'nia seu Prolap- 
 sus I'ridis, Iridopto'sis, from Trruo-ij, ' a fall- 
 ing.' A prolapsus of the iris through a wound 
 of the cornea. It is known by a blackish tubercle, 
 which projects a little from the cernea in various 
 forms. 
 
 Ptosis Palpebr.e, Blepharoptosis. 
 
 PTYALAGOGUE, Sialogogue. 
 
 PTYALIN, see Saliva. 
 
 PTYALISM, Salivation. 
 
 PTYALTSME, Salivation—^. Mercuriel, Sali- 
 vation, mercurial. 
 
 PTYALISMUS, Salivation— p. Acutus melli- 
 tus, see Salivation — p. Acutus sympathetieus, see 
 Salivation — p. Hydrargyratus, Salivation, mercu- 
 rial — p. Iners, Slavering — p. Mercurialis, Saliva- 
 tion, mercurial — p. Pyrosicus, Pyrosis. 
 
 PTYALOGOGUE, Sialogogue. 
 
 PTYALON, Saliva. 
 
 PTYASMAGOGUE, Expectorant, Sialogogue. 
 
 PTYELO^r, Saliva, Sputum. 
 
 PTYSIS, Exspuition. 
 
 PTYSMA, Saliva, Sputum. 
 
 PTYSMAGOGUE, Sialogogue. 
 
 PTYSMATIS'CHESIS, Ptystnafos'chesis, from 
 jTrvafia, 'sputum,' and i(t)(^siv, 'to retain.' Sup- 
 pression of pulmonary expectoration. 
 
 PTYSMATOSCHESIS, Ptysmatischesis. 
 
 PUANTEUR, Dysodia. 
 
 PUBENS, Ephebus. 
 
 PUBER, Ephebus. 
 
 PU'BERAL; same etymon as Puberty. Re- 
 49 
 
 lating or appertaining to the age of puberty — as 
 ' n puberal disease.' 
 
 PUB ERE, Ephebus. 
 
 PUBERTAS, Ephebia. 
 
 PU'BERTY, Puhertas, Eehe, Pules, Aphro- 
 dis'ia, Ephebi'a, Ephe'bia, Ephe'botes, Ephebo'- 
 syne, Pubes'cence, from ^juSescece, ' to begin to 
 have hair on the chin and sexual organs.' The 
 period of life at which young people of both sexes 
 are pubes' cent OT TiMhile. According to the civil 
 law, puberty occurs at 12 years in females, and 
 14 in males. The period varies somewhat in dif- 
 ferent climates, and in different individuals of 
 the same climate. 
 
 PUBES, Pubis, Epis'ch'ion, Cteis, Pecten; the 
 Pubic region. Same etymon. The middle part 
 of the hypogastric region ; so called, because it is 
 covered with hair, in both sexes, at the period of 
 puberty. The hair is also called Pubes, Lanu'go 
 seu Piii, Pudendo'rum, Planta'rium; and, of old, 
 Epiclen'ion and pubertas signified the same. See 
 Tressoria. 
 
 Pdbes, Puberty. 
 
 PUBESCENCE, Puberty. 
 
 PUBESCENT, see Puberty. 
 
 PUBI^US, Pubic. 
 
 PUBIC, Pu'biun, Pu'bicus, Pubias'us, (F.) 
 Pubien. That which belongs to or concerns the 
 pubis. 
 
 Pc'BlC Arch, Arch, of the Pubis, (F.) Arcadt 
 pubienne. The arch at the anterior part of the 
 inferior circumference of the pelvis. It is more 
 expanded in the female than in the male; to cor- 
 respond with the additional functions which she 
 has to execute. 
 
 PuBiC Articdla'tion, Sym'pliysis Pubis, re- 
 sults from the junction of the ossa pubis. The 
 medium of union is cartilage. 
 
 Pubic Lig'aments are two very solid, fibrous 
 fasciae, situate before and beneath the symphysis 
 pubis, which they strengthen. The one is called 
 the anterior pubic ligament / the other the infe- 
 rior or subpubic. 
 
 Pubic PiEGION, Ee'gio Pubis. The region of 
 the pubes. 
 
 PUBIEN, Pubic. 
 
 PUBIO-COCO YGIEN-A NN JL A IR E, 
 Pubio-eoccyge' us annula'ris. Dumas gave this 
 name to the levator ani and isehio-coccygeus, 
 which he considers a single muscle. 
 
 PUB 10- CO CO YGIEN-ANNULA /i2£', Leva- 
 tor Ani — p. Femoral, Pectinalis — p. Femoralis, 
 Adductor longus femoris — p. Ombilical, Pyra- 
 midalis abdominis — p. Prostaticus, Compressor 
 prostatEe — p. Sous-omiilical, VyTSLand&Ws abdo- 
 minis — p. Sternal, mecixxs abdominis — ji. Ure- 
 thral, see Compressor Urethras. 
 
 PUBIS, Pubes. 
 
 Pubis Os, Os Pec'tinis, Episei'on, Episi'on, 
 Epis'chion, Share Bone, Bar-bone, (Sc.) Ark- 
 bein. The anterior part of the os innominatum ; 
 so called because it corresponds to the genital 
 organs and pubic region. The angle of the pubis 
 is formed by the union of the body and rami of 
 each side. 
 
 PUB'LIC^ PARTES. ' Public parts.' Those 
 organs are so called, the object of whose func- 
 tions is the nutrition of all the others. Such are 
 the digestive and respiratory organs. 
 
 PUCCOON, Sanguinaria Canadensis — p. Red, 
 Sanguinaria Canadensis — p. Yellow, Hydrastis 
 Canadensis. 
 
 PUCE, Pulex irritans — p. de Bourgogne, see 
 Anthrax — p. Maligne, see Anthrax — p. Pene- 
 trante, Chique. 
 
 PUCELAGE, Virginity. 
 
 PUOELLE, Virgin. 
 
 PUCHA-PAT, Pogostemon patchouli. 
 
 PUCHURY, see Pichurim beans. 
 
PUCHYRY 
 
 770 
 
 PULMO 
 
 PUCHYRY, see Pichurim beans. 
 
 PUCKLE, Papula. 
 
 PUDDING-GRASS. Mentha pulegium. 
 
 PUDDING-PIPE TREE, Cassia fistula. 
 
 PUDENDA, Genital organs — p. Virorum, Pu- 
 dibilia. 
 
 PUDEND'AGRA. A hybrid word; from fxi- 
 denda, (piidere, 'to be ashamed/) 'the genital 
 organs,' and the Greek aypa, ' a seizure.' Accord- 
 ing to some, this term means pain in the genital 
 parts : Dolor piidendo'rum, Men'tulagra, ^doeo- 
 dyn'ia ; according to others, it is synonymous 
 with syphilis. 
 
 PuDESDAGRA Pruriens, Prurigo pudendi mu- 
 liebris. 
 
 PUDEN'DAL, Pudenda'lis. Relating or ap- 
 pertaining to the pudenda. 
 
 Puden'dal Her'nia. Hernia, which descends 
 between the vagina and ramus ischii, and forms 
 an oblong tumour in the labium; traceable in the 
 pelvis as far as the os uteri. 
 
 PUDENDALIS, Pudendal. 
 
 PUDENDALIS LONGUS INFERIOR, SCB Sciatic 
 
 PUDENDUM, FEMALE, Vulva— p. Muliebre, 
 Vulva. 
 
 PUDENDUS, Pudie. 
 
 PUDIBIL'IA; from ^jwcZere, 'to be ashamed.' 
 The male genital organs; Genita'Ua Viri,Vir{l'ia, 
 Pensil'ia, Inatrumen'ta, Puden'da viro'rum, Pon- 
 dus. 
 
 PUDIC, Pudi'cus, Puden'dus, (F.) Hontenx. 
 Same etymon. That which causes shame. A 
 name given to the genital organs as well as to 
 different other parts. 
 
 PaDic Arteries are distributed to the organs 
 of generation. They are, — 1. The internal Pudic, 
 Arteria Pudi'ca, A. piirfejt'c/a coniniu'nis, (F.) 
 Artere konteiise interne, A. Soits-pubienne (Ch.), 
 Geu'ital Ar'tery. It is furnished by the hypo- 
 gastric, and divides into two branches; the one 
 — the inferior or perineal — which gives off the 
 inferior hemorrhoidal and the artery of the sep- 
 tum ; the other — the superior, (F.) Ischiope- 
 nienne — which furnishes the transverse perineal 
 artery, and divides into two branches; the artery 
 of the corpus cavernosum, and the dorsalis penis. 
 This latter, in the female, has the name Dorsa'lis 
 Clifor'idis. 2. The external Pudic Arteries, (F.) 
 Arteres scrotales ou vxdvaires (Ch.), A. honteuses 
 externes, which are two in number. The one is 
 superficial or subcutaneous, and the other deep- 
 seated or subuponeurotie. They are given off 
 from the femoral artery, or some one of its 
 branches; and are distributed to the external 
 parts of generation. 
 
 Punic Nerve, (F.) Nerf Tionteux ou tschio-pe- 
 nien ou IscJiio-ciitorien, is a branch furnished by 
 the sacral plexus, which is distributed to the 
 genital organs ; and, especially, to the penis in 
 man, and the clitoris in the female. 
 
 PU'ERILE, Pueri'lis, from puer, 'a child,' 
 (F.) Pueril. Appertaining or relating to childhood. 
 
 Respiration puerile ou exageree ou stippUmen- 
 taire ou hypervesicxdaire : — a term applied to the 
 respiration when it is heard loud through the 
 stethoscope, as in healthy children. 
 
 PUERILITAS, Dementia of the aged. 
 
 PUERITIA, see Age. 
 
 PUER'PERA, from ptuer, 'a child,' and pnrere, 
 'to bring forth.' Tohas, Lochos, Enix'a, Lecho, 
 a lying-in woman, (F.) Femme en CoucJie, Ac- 
 eouehee. A female in child-bed. One recently 
 delivered. 
 
 PUER'PERAL, Puerpera'lis ; from puerpera. 
 Relating to parturition and its consequences. 
 
 Puerperal Convulsions, Eclampsia gravida- 
 rum et parturientium. 
 
 PtER'PERAL Fever. Any fever occurring 
 
 during the puerperal state — Fehris pverpera'riijn, 
 Lechop'yra, Lochioccelii'iis, Lochinp'yra, Lo- 
 cJiop'yra, Child-bed fever. Most commonly re- 
 stricted to a malignant variety of peritonitis. 
 
 PUERPERIUM, Child-bed state. 
 
 PUERPEROUS, Parturient. 
 
 PUFF, Lyeoperdon. 
 
 PUFF, VEILED, see Cavernous respiration. 
 
 PUFF-BALL, Lyeoperdon, Leontodon taraxa- 
 cum. 
 
 PUF'FINESS, from (D.) poffen, 'to blow:' 
 Infla'tio, Sujffla'tio, Tumefac'tio mollis, (F.) Bouf- 
 fissure, Boursouflure. A soft intumescence, with- 
 out redness, which may be partial or general, and 
 be produced by accumulation of serous fluid, ex- 
 travasation of blood, effusion of air into the sub- 
 cutaneous areolar tissue, <fec. Puffiness is most 
 frequently seen in the face and legs; and some- 
 times appears around a wound. 
 
 PUGIL'LUS, Brax, Bra'chion, diminutive of 
 pugnus, 'the fist.' Bragma, Bragmis, (F.) Pin- 
 cee. The quantity of any substance, which may 
 be taken with the ends of two or three fingers. 
 The eighth part of a handful. 
 
 PUGTEETH, Canine teeth. 
 
 PUISSANCE BU 310 ULE INTERIEUR. 
 Plastic force. 
 
 PUKE, Emetic. 
 
 PUKEWEED, Lobelia inflata. 
 
 PUKING, Vomiting, Regurgitation. 
 
 PULEGIUM, Mentha pulegium — p. Cervinum, 
 Mentha cervina. 
 
 PULEX IRRI'TANS. The common flea, (F.i 
 Puce. A parasitic insect found on the bodies ol 
 man and animals. 
 
 Pulex Penetrans, Chique. 
 
 PULICARIA DYSENTERICA, Inula dysen- 
 terica. 
 
 PULICA'RIS, Pulicula'ris, (F.) Pulieaire, 
 from pulex, pulicis, 'a gnat.' An epithet given 
 to cutaneous eruptions resembling gnat-bites ; — 
 and, also, to diseases in which such eruptions 
 occur. 
 
 PuLicARis Herba, Plantago psyllium. 
 
 PULLNA, PILNA or BILNA, MINERAL 
 WATERS OF. These well known bitter Bohe- 
 mian springs contain sulphates of soda and mag- 
 nesia, and chloride of magnesium. 
 
 PULMO, (pi.) Pulmo'nes ; by transposition of 
 the letter I from pleumon, tt\ivhiiiv ; Pneimion, 
 Pletimon, Spiravten'tum an'imw, Ergaste'rion 
 spjir'it'O.s, FlubeW um. et ventila'brum cordis. Lights. 
 The essential organ of respiration, which is dou- 
 ble, and occupies the two sides of the ohest. The 
 lungs, which are of a spongy, soft, flexible, com- 
 pressible, and dilatable structure, fill exactly the 
 two cavities of the thorax, and are separated from 
 each other by the mediastinum and the heart. 
 The right lung, which is shorter and broader 
 than the left, is divided, by two oblique fissures, 
 into three unequal lobes, Lobi seu AIcb puhno'num. 
 The left has only two lobes, and consequently 
 only one fissure. At the internal surface of those 
 organs, which is slightly concave, there is, about 
 the middle, a pedicle, formed by the bronchia and 
 pulmonary vessels, and called, by anatomists, the 
 root of the lungs, (F.) Racine des Poumons. Es- 
 sentially, the lungs are composed of prolongations 
 and ramifications of the bronchia, and of the pul- 
 monary arteries and veins, — the divisions of which 
 are supported by a fine, areolar tissue. 
 
 AVhen the surface of the lungs is examined in a 
 clear light, we may see, even through the pleuTh, 
 that their parenchyma is formed by the aggrega- 
 tion of a multitude of small vesicles, of an irregu- 
 larly spheroid or ovoid shape, full of air, and 
 separated by white and opake septa, constituting 
 lozenge-shaped spaces, which are called lobules — • 
 
PULMOMETEE, 
 
 771 
 
 PULSE 
 
 loVuli seu in'sulcB pitlmona'les — and whicli are 
 separated by interlobular areolar tissue. These 
 lobules do not coramunieate with each other. 
 The vesicles are called Air-cells, Spiramen'ta seu 
 Spiraiii'ina seu Cell' aim Piilmo'num. Along the 
 partitions or septa is deposited, in greater or less 
 quantity, olack lyulmonary matter, (F.) Matiire 
 puhnnnaire noire, as it has been called, which 
 seems to be natural. Sometimes it is seen in 
 points ; at others, in spots. The colour of the 
 lungs varies according to age and other circum- 
 stance^. In youth, it is more red; and after- 
 wards, grayish or bluish ; often, as if marbled. 
 The pleura pulmonalis is their investing mem- 
 brane. The air is carried to the lungs by means 
 of the trachea and bronchia. The black venous 
 blood, which requires oxj'genation, is conveyed 
 to them from the heart, by the pulmonary artery; 
 an-d when it has undergone this change, it is re- 
 turned to the heart by the pulmonary veins. The 
 blood-vessels inservient to the nutrition of the 
 lungs are the bronchial arteries and veins. The 
 pulmonary lymphatics are very numerous. Some 
 are superficial; others, deep-seated. They pass, 
 for the most part, into the bronchial ganglions or 
 glands. The nerves are furnished by the pulmo- 
 nary plexus. 
 
 PULMOMETER, Spirometer. 
 
 PULMOMETRY, see Spirometer. 
 
 PUL3I0NAIRE, Pulmonaria — p. en Arbre, 
 Lichen pulmonaria — p. de C'hene, Lichen pulmo- 
 naria — pi. des Fraiic^ais, Hieracium murorum. 
 
 PULMONA'RIA, P. Offieina'lis seu Macida'ta 
 seu Maculo' sa, Lungwort, Spotted Lungwort, Jeru'- 
 salem Cowslip, Jerusalem Sage, Spotted Comfrey, 
 (P.) P ulinonaire, Sauge de Jerusalem. Ord. Bo- 
 raginacese. Sex. Si/st. Pentandria Monogynia. 
 The leaves of this plant have been used as de- 
 mulcents and pectorals ; partly from their resem- 
 blance to lungs — hence the name, from p)idrno, 
 pidmonis, 'the lung' — and partly because they 
 have a slightly mucilaginous taste. The plant is 
 not worthy of notice. 
 
 Pulmonaria, Pneumonia — p. Arborea, Lichen 
 pulmonarius — p. Galliea, Hieracium murorum — 
 p. Officinalis, Pulmonaria — p. Virginica, Merten- 
 sia Virginica. 
 
 PUL'MOiSrAIlY, PuJmona'ris, Pulmona'Us, 
 from pnhno, pulmonis, 'the lung.' That which 
 relates or belongs to the lungs. A name given 
 to various parts. 
 
 PoLMONAHY Artery, Arte'ria pidmona'ris. 
 Vena nrterio'sa, arises from the upper and left 
 part of the right ventricle of the heart ; whence 
 it passes obliquely upwards and to the left side; 
 dividing into two trunks, opposite the second 
 dorsal vertebra — one passing to each lung. At 
 its origin, it is furnished with three sigmoid or 
 semilunar valves. It carries the blood to the 
 lungs for aeration. 
 
 Pulmonary Matter, Black, see Pulmo. 
 
 Pulmonary Plexus, Plexus pulmona'ris. A 
 considerable nervous network, situate behind the 
 bronchia, which is formed by the filaments of the 
 pneumogastric nerve or par vagum, and by other 
 filaments from the inferior cervical ganglion and 
 the first thoracic ganglia. This plexus forms a 
 kind of areolar web, with numerous meshes of 
 different sizes, in which vessels are lodged, sur- 
 rounded by much areolar tissue. This plexus 
 sends filaments to the bronchia, which they ac- 
 company to their extremities. 
 
 Pulmonary Veins, Vencs pulmona'res, Arte'- 
 ricB veiio'sfB. These arise in the lungs from the 
 final terminations of the arteries of the same 
 name ; collect in ramuseuli and rami of greater 
 and greater size, and ultimately unite in four 
 trunks; two of which issue from each lung to 
 
 open into the left auricle of the heart. The pul- 
 monary veins have the same structure as the 
 other veins of the body; from which they differ, 
 in conveying arterial blood, as the pulmonary- 
 artery differs from the others in conveying venous 
 blood. They carry the blood back to the heart 
 after aeration. 
 
 PULMOJ^ES TARTARIZATI, Lithiasis pul- 
 monum. 
 
 PULMONIA, Phthisis pulmonalis, Pneumonia. 
 
 PULMON'IC, Puhnon'icus, Pneumon'icus, Pid- 
 mona'rius, Piieumon'ie, (F.) Pulmonique, Pnen- 
 monique. Same etymon as Pulmonary. One 
 afi'ected with phthisis — one labouring under dis- 
 eases of the lungs. Any thing relating or be- 
 longing to the lungs. A medicine for the lungs. 
 
 PULP, Pulpa, Pulpa'men, Sarx, (F.) Pidpe, 
 Pulpolite. The soft and parenchymatous parts 
 of vegetables reduced to a paste by the operation 
 of pulping. Applied, also, to parts of the human 
 body, which have the characters of, or resemble a 
 pulp. 
 
 Pulp op the Fingers, (F.) Pulp)e des doigta. 
 The fleshy extremity of the fingers. 
 
 Pulp of the Tooth, Dental pulp. 
 
 PULPA CASSIiE, see Cassia fistula — p. Den- 
 tis, Dental pulp — p. Pili, see Hair — p. Pruni, see 
 Pruni pulpa — p. Prunorum sylvestrium condita, 
 Conserva pruni sylvestris — p. Tamarindi, see 
 Tamarindi pulpa. 
 
 Pdlpa Testis, Paren'diyma testis. The pa- 
 renchyma of the testis. 
 
 PULPAMEN, Pulp. 
 
 PULPATION, Pulping. 
 
 PULPE, Pulp — p. Cerehrale, see Cerebrum — 
 p. Dentaire, Dental pulp — ^j. des Doigts, Pulp of 
 the fingers. 
 
 PULPEUX, Pulpy. 
 
 PULPEZIA, Apoplexy. 
 
 PULPING, Pulpa'tion, Pidpa'tio. An opera- 
 tion — the object of which is to reduce certain 
 vegetable substances to a pulp. For this pur- 
 pose, they are bruised in a mortar, and then 
 passed through a hair sieve, by the aid of a 
 wooden spatula, called a Pidper, (P.) Pulp>oire. 
 
 PULPOIRE, see Pulping. 
 
 PULPOLITE, Pulp. 
 
 PULPY, Pulpo'sus, (F.) Pulpeux. Full of 
 pulp. 
 
 PULQUE, see Agave Americana. 
 
 PULS EX OVIS et LACTE, Oogala. 
 
 PVLSATIF, Throbbing. 
 
 PULSATILLA NIGRICAJSTS, Anemone pra- 
 tensis — p. Patens, Anemone patens — p. Praten- 
 sis. Anemone pratensis — p. Vulgaris, Anemone 
 Pulsatilla. 
 
 PULSATILLE NOIRE, Anemone pratensis 
 -^p>. des Pres, Anemone pratensis. 
 
 PULSATIO, Pulsation— p. Cordis, Palpitation. 
 
 PULSA'TION, Pidsa'tio, Sphygmos, Sjthyxis, 
 Pede'sis, Pedeth'mos, (F.) Battement. The beat- 
 ing of the heart and arteries. Also, the beating 
 felt in an inflamed part. 
 
 PULSATIVUS, Throbbing. 
 
 PULSATORY, Throbbing. 
 
 PULSE, from pulso, 'I beat;' Pulsus, Pidsa'- 
 tio, Pulsus seu Ictus cordis et arteria'rum. Incur' - 
 BUS arteria'rum, Sphygmos, Sphygma, Diasphyx'is, 
 (F.) Pouls. Beating of the arteries, produced by 
 the afilux of the blood propelled by the heart in 
 its contractions. For the sake of convenience, 
 we choose the radial artery at the wrist to detect 
 the precise character of the pulse. These cha- 
 racters relate to the number of pulsations in a 
 
PULSE 
 
 772 
 
 PULSE 
 
 given time; to their degrees of quickness; hard- 
 ness and strength : to the equality or inequality 
 either of the pulsations themselves or of their 
 intervals ; to the development or fulness of the 
 
 artery, and to the different impressions it may 
 produce on the finger. 
 
 The following estimates have been made of the 
 pulse at various ages : 
 
 Age 
 
 Tn the embryo 
 
 At birth 
 
 One month 
 
 One year 
 
 Two years 
 
 Three years 
 
 Seven years 
 
 Twelve years.. 
 
 Puberty 
 
 Adult age 
 
 Old age 
 
 Numher of Beats -per minute, according to 
 
 Hebeeben. 
 
 SoMMERING. 
 
 BliJLLER. 
 
 
 
 150 
 Do. 
 
 115 to 130 
 
 100 to 115 
 
 90 to 100 
 
 85 to 90 
 
 80 to 85 
 70 to 75 
 50 to 65 
 
 130 to 140 
 
 120 
 
 120 to 108 
 
 108 to 90 
 
 90 to 80 
 
 72 
 
 70 
 
 
 120 
 
 110 
 90 
 
 80 
 70 
 60 
 
 
 
 It does not appear that the pulse of the aged 
 is less frequent, but the contrary. In general it 
 is more frequent in females and in irritable per- 
 sons, than in males and those of an opposite tem- 
 perament. In the healthy state, the pulse, be- 
 sides having the proper number of pulsations, is 
 neither hard nor unusually soft; it is moderately 
 developed ; of a medium strength ; and perfectly 
 equal, both as regards the pulsations and their 
 intervals. In diseases it wanders, more or less, 
 from these physiological conditions. The diffe- 
 rent characters of the pulse that have been re- 
 corded, are remarkably numerous. In a diction- 
 ary, it is necessary to detail them, although many 
 of them are not now regarded, and some are ri- 
 diculous. 
 
 Pulse, Aedent, Pulsus ardens, (F.) Poids ar- 
 dent, Pauls Sieve. One which seems to raise itself 
 to a point in order to strike the finger. 
 
 Pulse, Cap'rizant, Pulsus Oopri'zans seu dor- 
 cadis'sans seu gazell'nns seu fnsa'iis, Goatleap 
 pulse, (F.) Pouls caprisant. One which seems to 
 leap, as it were; an imperfect dilatation of the 
 artery being succeeded by a fuller and a stronger 
 one. 
 
 Pulse, Complex, (F.) Pauls combine ou com- 
 pose, P. complique. A pulse which has the cha- 
 racter of several critical pulses united. 
 
 Pulse, Contract'ed, (F.) Pauls serri ou can- 
 centre. One whose pulsations are narrow, deep, 
 and slightly hard. 
 
 Pulse, CoNVtrL'siVE, Pulsus convulsi'vus, (F.) 
 Pouls canvulsif. That which is unequally fre- 
 quent or unequally hard ; in short, which resem- 
 bles the irregular pulsations of a muscular fibre 
 in a state of convulsion. 
 
 Pulse, Crit'ical, Pulsus crit'icus. A pulse 
 which, after having possessed the characters of 
 irritation, becomes free, open, soft, &c. 
 
 Pulse, Decurtate, Pulsus myurus: see, also, 
 Myurus. 
 
 Pulse, Deep, Pidsus p)^ofun'dus, (F.) Poids 
 profond. One which cannot be felt without difii- 
 culty, and without strong pressure by the finger. 
 Pulse, Defic"ient, Pulsus defic"iens seu an'- 
 niiens et circum'nuens, P. Flickering, (F.) Pouls 
 defaillant, P. insensible. One which seems, every 
 instant about to cease. 
 
 Pulse, Depressed, Pulsus depressus, (F.) 
 Pouls deprime. That which is deep and weak. 
 
 Pur.SE, Devel'oped, (F.) Potds derelappe. 
 That which is broad, full, strong, and frequent. 
 
 Pulse, Dicrot'ic, Pulsus Di'cratus seu hi'cm- 
 tus seu inlestina'lis seu bife'riens seu mallea'ris 
 seu interci'sus seu duplex, (P.) Pouls dicrote ou re- 
 bondissant ou redouMe. That in which the finsrer 
 
 is struck twice at each pulsation; once lightly, 
 the other time more strongly. 
 
 Pulse, Equal, Pidsus csqua'lis. That in 
 which the pulsations resemble each other, and 
 return at equal intervals. 
 
 Pulse, Febrile, Pulsus febri'lis. One very 
 frequent. 
 
 Pulse, Feeble, P. WeaJc, Pulsus deb'ilis, (F.) 
 Poxds faible. One which strikes the finger feebly. 
 
 Pulse, FiL'iFORjr, P. thready. One which re- 
 sembles a thread slightly vibrating. 
 
 Pulse, Flickering, Pulse, deficient. 
 
 Pulse, Form'icant, Pulsus formi'cnns, (F.) 
 Pauls farmicant. One which resembles, by being 
 small and scarcely perceptible, the motion of an 
 ant. 
 
 Pulse, Frequent, (F.) Pauls agite ou precipite. 
 One which strikes more frequently than usual in 
 a given time. 
 
 Pulse, Full, Pulsus plenus, (F.) Pouls plein. 
 One which gives the notion of great repletion in 
 the vessel. 
 
 Pulse, Goat-leap, P. Caprizant. 
 
 Pulse, Gut'tural, Pulsus guUura'lis, (F.) 
 Pauls guttural. A pulse which has been sup- 
 posed to indicate the termination of affections 
 of the throat. 
 
 Pulse, Hard, Pulsus durus, (F.) Pouls dur. 
 That in which the pulp of the finger seems to 
 yield to the pulsation. 
 
 Pulse, Hectic, Pidsus hec'ticus. The weak, 
 frequent pulse observed in hectic fever. 
 
 Pulse, Hemorrhoid'al, (F.) Pauls des He- 
 morrha'ides. A critical pulse, announcing the 
 appearance of the hemorrhoidal flux. It is de- 
 scribed as unequal; — the pulsations not being 
 alike in force, and still less the intervals. 
 
 Pulse, Hepat'io, (F.) Pauls du Foie. A pulse 
 imagined to indicate affections of the liver. It is 
 not worthy of description. 
 
 Pulse, Inpe'rior, (F.) Pouls inferieur ou ab- 
 dominal ou ventral. One supposed to announce 
 evacuations below the diaphragm. 
 
 Pulse, Intercur'rent, Pulsus intereur'rens 
 seu interci'dens. One in which a superfluous 
 pulsation seems to occur from time to time. 
 
 Pulse, Intermittent, (F.) Pauls intercadent. 
 One in which the pulsations fail from time to 
 time. 
 
 Pulse, Intes'tinal, (F.) Poids des intestins, 
 P. de la diarrhee. A critical pulse, presumed to 
 announce an evacuation by the intestines. 
 
 Pulse, In'tricate, Pulsus intrica'tus, (F.) 
 Pouls embarrassee. That which is but little de- 
 veloped and unequally slow. 
 
 Pulse, Iereg'ulae, Pulsus anorma'lis. One 
 
PULSE 
 
 773 
 
 PULSUS 
 
 whose pulsations are unequal, and return at un- 
 equal intervals. 
 
 POLSB OP Irrita'tion, Pulsus ah irritatio'ne 
 seu iiervi'nus seu aerit'icus. One which is fre- 
 quent, hard, and contracted. 
 
 PuLSR, JarrinGj p. vibrating — p. Jerking, 
 Pulse, sharp. 
 
 Pulse, Languid, (P.) Pouls langinssant. A 
 slow and feeble pulse. 
 
 Pulse, Large, Pulsus crassus seu magnus, 
 (P.) Pouls grand, P. large. That which is large 
 and full. 
 
 Pulse, Long. One which strikes the finger to 
 a great extent in length. 
 
 Pulse, Low, Pulsus hii'miUs, (P.) Pouls has. 
 One in which the pulsations are scarcely percep- 
 tible. 
 
 Pulse, Nasal, (F.) Pauls nasal ou capital 
 ©u du, Nez. One supposed to announce the end 
 of an irritation in the nasal fossse. 
 
 Pulse, Nat'ural, (F.) Pauls natwel des 
 adultes ou 'parfah ou des adultes ou modere. 
 One that is equal and regular in strength and 
 frequency; compressible, and devoid of hardness. 
 
 Pulse, Organ'ic, (P.) Pouls organique. One 
 which indicates the affected organ, or the organ 
 by which an evacuation will take place. 
 
 PuL^E, Pec'toral, (P.) Pouls de I'expectora,- 
 tion. A critical pulse, announcing the termina- 
 tion of some pulmonary irritation. 
 
 Pulse, Quick. One which strikes sharply, 
 but not forcibly, against the finger. 
 
 Pulse, Reg'ular, Pulsus norma'lis seu regu- 
 la'ris. One whose pulsations are equal, and suc- 
 ceed each other at equal intervals. 
 
 Pulse, Resist'ing, (F.) Pouls resistant. One 
 a little tense, a little hard. 
 
 Pulse, Sharp, (F.j Pauls prompt ou vite ou 
 vif. One which strikes the finger sharply, ra- 
 pidly. When to a greater extent, it is called a 
 jerking pulse. 
 
 Pulse, Sharp-tailed, Pulsus myurus : see 
 Myurus. 
 
 Pulse, Simple, Pulsus simplex. A critical 
 pulse, indicating an evacuation by one organ 
 only. 
 
 Pulse, Slow, Pulsus tardus seu rams, (F.) 
 Pouls lent ou tardif o\x rare. One which strikes 
 the finger slowly. 
 
 Pulse, Small, Pulsus parvifs, {¥.) Pouls petit. 
 One whose pulsations are slender and weak. 
 
 Pulse, Soft, Pulsus mollis, (F.) Pauls mou. 
 One which yields under the finger. 
 
 Pulse, Stom'achal, (F.) Pouls stomaeal ou 
 de Vestomac. One supposed to announce an eva- 
 cuation by the stomach. 
 
 Pulse, Strong, Pulsus fortis, (F.) Pouls fort, 
 P. vehement. One which strikes the finger 
 strongly. 
 
 Pulse, Supe'rior, Pulsus Superior, (F.) Pouls 
 superieur. A critical pulse, supervening on irri- 
 tation of organs situate above the diaphragm. 
 
 Pulse, Supple, Pulsus elas'tieus, (P.) Pouls 
 souple. One in which the pulsations have strength 
 without hardness. 
 
 Pulse op Sweat, Pulsus Sudora'lis, (P.) Pouls 
 Sudoral ou de la sueur. A critical pulse, indi- 
 cating an approaching perspiration. 
 
 Pulse, Tense, P. Cordy, Pulsus tensus, (F.) 
 Pouls tendu, P. roide. One in which the artery 
 resembles a cord fixed at its two extremities. 
 AVhen resembling a wire, it is called wirT/. 
 
 Pulse, Thready, P. filiform. 
 
 Pulse, Trem'ulous, Pulsus trem'ulus, (F.) 
 Pouls tremhlant ou palpitant. One in which 
 each pulsation oscillates. 
 
 Pulse, Un'dulating, Pulsus fluctuo'sus seu 
 fiuens seu -inci'dens Sola'ni, (P.) Poxds ondulant 
 
 ou ondoyant. One which resembles, in its move- 
 ments, those of the waves. 
 
 Pulse, Une'qual, Pulsus incequa'Us, (F.) 
 Pouls inegal. One whose pulsations are not 
 alike, or return at unequal intervals. 
 
 Pulse, U'rinal, Pulsus urina'lis, (F.) Pouls 
 de I' Urine. A critical pulse, fancied to denote 
 an approaching evacuation of urine. 
 
 Pulse, U'terine, Pulsus uteri'nus, (F.) Pouls 
 Uterine ou de la Jfatrice ou des Regies. One 
 which indicates the flow of the menses, or the 
 occurrence of metrorrhagia. 
 
 Pulse, Vag"inal, Pulsus vagina' lis. The 
 pulsation of the arteria vaginalis, which is in- 
 creased in pregnancy, during abortion, labour, &c. 
 
 Pulse, Venous, Pulsus venarum. 
 
 Pulse, Vermic'ular. That which imitates 
 the movement of a worm. 
 
 Pulse, Vi'brating, Jarring Pulse. One in 
 which the artery seems to vibrate like a musical 
 string. 
 
 Pulse, Wiry, see Pulse, tense. 
 
 PULSELESS, Asphyc'los, Devoid of pulsation. 
 
 PULSELESSNESS, Asphyxia. 
 
 PULSEY, Cataplasm. 
 
 PULSIF'IC, Pulsif'ieus; from prdsus, 'pulse.' 
 That which causes or excites pulsation. 
 
 PULSILE'GIUM, Pulsilo'gium, Pvlsim'eter, 
 from pulsus, 'the pulse,' and lego, 'I read.' 
 Sphygmole' g ium, Sph.yginom'eter, Sphygmoseop'- 
 ium. Any instrument for measuring the quick- 
 ness or force of the pulse. 
 
 PULSIMANTI'A, from pulsus, and iiavrtm, 
 'divination.' The art of predicting or prognosti- 
 cating by the pulse. 
 
 PULSIMETER, Pulsilegium. 
 
 PULSUS, Pulse— p. Acritieus, Pulse of irrita- 
 tion — p. jEqualis, Pulse, equal — -p. Annuens et 
 eircuranuens. Pulse, deficient — p. Anormalis, 
 Pulse, irregular — p. Bicrotus, Pulse, dicrotic — p. 
 Biferiens, P. dicrotic — p. Caprizans, Pulse, ca- 
 prizant — p. Cordis, see Heart — p. Crassus, Pulse, 
 large — p. Debilis, Pulse, feeble — p. Deficiens, 
 Pulse, deficient — p. Licrotus, Pulse, dicrotic — p. 
 Dorcadissans, Pulse, caprizant — p. Duplex, Pulse, 
 dicrotic- — p. Durus, Pulse, hard — p. Elasticus, 
 Pulse, supple — p. Pluctuosus, Pulse, undulating — 
 p. Fluens, Pulse, undulating — p. Formicans, For- 
 micant, and Pulse, formicant — p. Fortis, Pulse, 
 strong — p. Fusalis, Pulse, caprizant — p. Gazel- 
 lans. Pulse, caprizant — p. Heterochronicus, see 
 Heterochronicus — p Humilis, Pulse, low — p. In- 
 cidens Solani, Pulse, undulating — p. Intercidens, 
 Pulse, intercurrent-:-p. Mallearis, Pulse, dicrotic 
 — p. Intercisus, Pulse, dicrotic — p. Intercurrens, 
 Pulse, intercurrent — p. Intestinalis, Pulse, dicro- 
 tic — p. Intricatus, Pulse, intricate — p. Magnus, 
 Pulse, large — p. Mollis, Pulse, soft. 
 
 Pulsus Myu'rus, Pulse decurtafe or sharp- 
 tailed, (F.) Pouls myure. One which goes on 
 diminishing. See Myurus. 
 
 Pulsus Nervinus, Pulse of irritation — p. Nor- 
 malis, Pulse, regular — -p. Parvus, Pulse, small — 
 p. Plenus, Pulse, full — p. Rarus, Pulse, slow. 
 
 Pul'sus Serri'nus, (F.) Pouls serrin ou ser- 
 ratile. One which strikes, sometimes strongly, 
 at others feeblj', and recalls the idea of a saw. 
 
 Pulsus Striatus, (F.) Pouls etroit. One that 
 strikes the finger to a small extent in breadth. 
 
 Pulsus Sudoralis, Pulse of sweat — p. Tardus, 
 Pulse, slow — p. Urinalis, Pulse, urinal — p. Ute- 
 rinus. Pulse, uterine. 
 
 Pulsus Vac'uus, (P.) Pouls vide. One which 
 gives the idea of emptiness of the artery. 
 
 Pulsus Vaginalis, Pulse, vaginal. 
 
 Pulsus Vena'rum, Venous Pulse, Phlehapa'lia. 
 A pulsation occasionally noticed in the jugular 
 veins. It is owing to some of the blood of the 
 right ventricle reflowing into the right auricle, 
 
PULTACEOUS 
 
 774 
 
 PULYIS 
 
 and communicating an impulss to the venous 
 blood arriving in the auricle through the descend- 
 ing cava. It is often a sign of impediment to the 
 flow of blood along the pulmonary artery. 
 
 PULTA'CEOUS, Pulta'eeus, (F.) Fidlaei, from 
 pills, ptiltis, 'pap,' or from pultaic, pultatum, 'to 
 beat.' Ptesembling pap. Having a softened, 
 semifluid appearance. 
 
 POLTATIO, Atheroma. 
 
 PULTISE, Cataplasm. 
 
 PULTICULA, BouUlie. 
 
 PULVEP.ES EPEERVESCENTES, Powders, 
 soda. 
 
 PULVERI'ZABLE, PuVverahle. Prom pulvis, 
 pulveris, ' dust.' Capable of being reduced to 
 powder. 
 
 PULVERIZA'TION, Pulverisa'tio, Pulvera'- 
 tio, Coniosto'sis, (P.) Pulverisation. The opera- 
 tion of dividing substances, so as to reduce them 
 to powder. 
 
 Most drugs are reduced to powder by persons 
 ■who make it a special business, and who are 
 called drug grinders. This is done on a large 
 scale in drug mills j and the implements used are 
 the grinding mill and the stampiing mill. In the 
 shop of the apothecary, pulverization is effected 
 by the pestle and mortar, and the sieve. 
 
 Where substances require the addition of other 
 bodies to facilitate their reduction 'to powder, — 
 as where camphor needs a few drops of alcohol — 
 the process is called pulverization hy mediation. 
 
 P UL VER OLES, see Pulvis. 
 
 PULYER'ULEXT, Puherulen'tus ; from pul- 
 vis, pulveris, ' dust.' Reduced to the state of a fine 
 powder. Covered, as it were, with dust. An epi- 
 thet applied to the eyes when they appear dirty, 
 and, as it were, sprinkled with dust, by reason of 
 granulations or grayish striae, resulting from 
 thickening of the mucous fluid of the conjunctiva. 
 — Xysten. 
 
 PULVILLUS, Pad, Bourdonnet — p. e Lina- 
 mentis eonfectus, Bourdonnet — p. Rotundus, 
 B ourdonnet. 
 
 PULVI'NAR, Pulvina'rium. A pillow. 
 
 PuLVtsAR HuMULi, see Humulus lupulus. 
 
 PuLTiNAR MEDicA'TDir seu Medicina'le, Sac'- 
 cuhis medicina'lis. A medicated pillow; as of 
 hops. 
 
 PuLViNAE PARVUjr, Pad — p. Ventriculi, Pan- 
 creas. 
 
 PULVIS, Conis, Powder, (P.) Poudre. A sub- 
 stance, reduced into small particles by pulveriza- 
 tion. Simple p)oioders are those of a single sub- 
 stance; compound, those which result from a mix- 
 ture of several different powders. An imjyalpable 
 powder is one which is so fine that it can scarcely 
 be felt under the finger. Compound powders 
 have been called Species, (F.) Especes, E. pul- 
 virulentes, Pulveroles. 
 
 Pulvis Absoebens, P. de magnesia compos. — 
 p. Adspersorius, Catapasma — p. Alexiterius, P. 
 contrayervse comp. — p. Alexiterius, P. ipecacu- 
 anhae compositus — p. Algarothi, Algaroth. 
 
 PuLTis Aloes Co.hpos'itus, P. Aloes cum 
 Guai'aco, P. aloet'icus cum Guaiaco, Compound 
 po^oder of Aloes. (Aloes, ^iss, guaiac. res. ^j, 
 jndv. einnam. comp. ^ss. Rub the aloes and 
 guaiaeum separately, then mix the whole. Ph. L.) 
 Cathartic, stomachic, and sudorific. Dose, gr. s 
 to 9.1. 
 
 Pdlvis Aloes cu.u Caxel'la, P. aloes et en- 
 nellcB, (Ph. U. S.), P. Aloet'icus, Powder of Aloes 
 ioith Canella, Species Hi' era pierce, Hi' era picra, 
 vulg. Hi'kri/ pi'kry, Picra, and Pi'kry. {Aloes 
 tbj, canell. giij. Rub separately into a powder, 
 and mix. Ph. U. S.) A warm cathartic. Dose, 
 gr. X to 9j. 
 
 Pulvis Aloes cmr Guaiaco, P. A. composi- 
 tus — p. Aloeticus, P. aloes cum canella — p. Alo- 
 
 eticus, Hiera picra — p. Aluminosus, P. snlphatia 
 aluminae compositus — p. Aluminis compositus, P. 
 sulphatis aluminse compositus — p. Aluminis kino- 
 satus, see P. sulphatis aluminee compositus. 
 
 Pulvis de AiiA'itis Compos'itus, P. antiar- 
 thrit'ieus ama'rus, (P.) Poudre antiarthritique 
 amire. [Gentian., aristoloch. rotund., aa p. 3, 
 flor. centaur, min. p. 4,fol. chamcedr., cliamoB- 
 pith. manipul. — f. pulvis. Ph. P.) In gouty af- 
 fections, dyspepsia, itc. Dose, gr. xx. 
 
 Pulvis Angelicus, Algaroth — p. Anodynus, 
 P. ipecacuanhse comp. — p. Antiacidus, P. cretae 
 compositus — p. Antiacidus, P. de magnesia 
 compos. — p. Antiarthriticus amarus, P. de ama- 
 ris compositus — p. Antiarthriticus purgans, P. de 
 senna, scammonea et lignis — p. Antiasthmaticus, 
 P. de sulphure et seilla. 
 
 Pulvis A>'tilys'sus, Jfead's powder against 
 the hite of a mad dog. It consisted of ash-coloured 
 livericort in powder, with an equal quantity of 
 black pepper ; a drachm and a half of the two 
 forming a dose for an adult. 
 
 Pulvis Antimonialis, Antimonial powder. 
 
 Pulvis de Arc Compos'itus, Compound Pow- 
 der of Arum, (P.) Poudre de Birckmann, [Rad. 
 ari, acori veri, pimpinell. saxifrag. aa 40 p., oeul. 
 cancror. ppt. 12 p., einnam. 7 p., potasscB sulph. 
 6 p., ammonia muriat. 2 p. — f. pulv. Ph. P.) 
 Sternutatory. 
 
 Pulvis Aromaticus, P. cinnamomi composi- 
 tus. 
 
 Pulvis As'ari Compos'itus, P. stemufato'- 
 rius seu errhi'nus seu capita'lis Sancii An'geli 
 seu cephaV icus, Cephal'ic snuff. Compound poxo- 
 der of Asarabae'ca, {¥.) Poudre d'asarum com- 
 posee dite sternutatoire, P. de Saint-Angp. (Asar. 
 Europ. p. 3, origan, mnjorana, liivmid., sing, 
 p. 1. Rub into powder. Ph. L.) Sternutatory. 
 
 Pulvis Auei, see Gold — p. e Bolo composi- 
 tus cum opio, P. eretae compositus cum opio — 
 p. e Bolo compositus sine opio, see P. eretae 
 compositus — p. Cambogias compositus, P. e. 
 gummi gutta — p. Capitalis Sancti Angeli, Pulvis 
 asari compositus — p. Carbonatis caleis composi- 
 tus, P. cretas compositus — p. Cardiacus, P. con- 
 trayervae comp. — p. Carthusianorum, Antimonii 
 sulphuretum rubrum. 
 
 Pulvis Cat'echu Compos'itus, Compound 
 Powder of Catechu. [Catechu, kino, aa 3ij; Ci»i- 
 nam., myrist., aa gss.) Dose, as an astringent, 
 gr. sv to XXX. 
 
 Pulvis Catharticus, P. scammoneae comp.— 
 p. Cephalieus, P. asari compositus. 
 
 Pulvis Cinsamo'mi Compos'itus, Compound 
 Poioder of Cin'namon, Pulvis seu Spe'cies Impe- 
 rato'ris, Pulvis aromat'icus (Ph. U. S.), P. vita 
 Imperato' ris seu Diaro'maton, Species diacinna- 
 mo'mi seu Icetifican'tes Rhazis seu Diam'bra sine 
 odora'tis seu aromat'ica, Tra'gea aromat'iea, 
 ' Aromatic powder, (F.) Poudre de canellc compo- 
 see ou aromaiique. [Cinnam., zingib. aa^^ij, car- 
 dam., myrist. aa 3J. Rub to a fine powder. Ph. 
 U. S.) Stimulant and carminative. Dose, gr. x 
 toBj. 
 
 Pulvis Cobbii seu Tunquinen'sis. The fa- 
 mous Tonqtiin pioioder, introduced into England 
 by a Mr. Cobb. It was composed of 16 grains 
 of musk, and 48 grains of cinnabar ; and was 
 mixed in a gill of arrack. It was formerly re- 
 garded as a specific in hydrophobia. 
 
 Pulvis Comitis Waiiwicensis, P. Cornachini 
 — p. Comitissae, Cinchona. 
 
 Pulvis Contrayer'v.e Compos'itus, P. cardi'- 
 acus seu alexite' rius seu Mantua'nus, Lapis con- 
 trayervcB, Contrayerva balls, Compound Powder 
 of Contrayer'va. [Contrayerv. contrit. ^v, test, 
 prap. Ibiss. Mix. Ph. L.) Stimulant and 
 sudorific. Dose, gr. xv to ^ss. 
 
 Pulvis Cornachi'ni, P. Ox'ydi Stib'ii com- 
 
PULVIS 
 
 775 
 
 PULVIS 
 
 pos'itiis seu Com'itia Warwicen'sia seu de Trihus 
 seu Scammo'nii antimonia'lie, Diaeeltates'eon 
 Paracelsi, Earl of Warioick's Powder, Cer'herus 
 Tricepa, (F.) Poudre Cornachine. [Seammon., 
 potass, snpertart., antim. diapJi. aa p. as. f. pulvis, 
 Ph. P.) Cathartic. Used chiefly in cutaneous 
 diseases. Dose, Jss to ^j. 
 
 PuLVDS CoRNu UsTi Cum O'pio, P. opia'tus, 
 Powder of Burnt Hartshorn with oirium, (F.J 
 Poudre de come brulee avec /'opium. {Opii duri 
 cont. 3J> corn. list, prcgp. ^j, coccor. cont. ^j. 
 Mix. Ph. L.) Ten grains contain one of opium. 
 Anodyne. 
 
 Pulvis Cretaceus, P. cretse compositus. 
 
 Pulvis Cret^ Cojipos'itus, P. Carhona'tis 
 Calais compositus seu creta'eeus seu ontnc"idus 
 seu terres'tris, Spe'cies e Scor'dio sine opio, S. Dia- 
 cre'tm, Compound Powder of Chalk, Bioscord' - 
 ium ; (with Bole Armeniac in place of chalk- — the 
 Pulvis e Bolo compositus sine opio ;) (F.) Poudre 
 de eraie comj>osee. [CretcB ppt. K)ss, cinnam.^iv, 
 tormentilL, acacits, sing, ^iij, pip. long. ^I'v. 
 Reduce separately to a fine powder, and mix. 
 Ph. L.) Antacid, stomachic, absorbent. Dose, 
 gr. XX to 9ij. 
 
 Pulvis Cret^e Compos'itus cum O'pio, Com- 
 pound Poioder of Chalk with opium, P. e Cretd 
 compositus cum opio; (with Bole Armeniac in- 
 stead of chalk — P. e Bolo compositus cum opio;) 
 Species e Scordio cum opio, (F.) Poudre de craie 
 comjyosee avec I'opiium. {Pulv. cret. c. §vjss, opn" 
 duri cont. Qiv. Mix. Ph. L.) Contains one 
 grain of opium in 40. Anodyne and absorbent. 
 Dose, 9j to 9ij. 
 
 Pulvis Diaphoreticus, P. ipecacuanhse comp. 
 — p. Diapnoicus, P. ipecacuanhae comp. — p. Dia- 
 romaton, P. einnamomi compositus — p. Diasenie, 
 P. sennae compos. — p. Diaturpethi compositus, P. 
 jalapie compositus. 
 
 Pulvis Ducis Pohtlan'di^, Buke of Port- 
 land's Gout Powder, (F.) Poudre du Buc de Port- 
 land ou de la Mirandole. {Had. aristoloch., gen- 
 tiunce, summit, chamcedr., centaur, min. aa p. ae.) 
 Dose, 3ss to ^^j. 
 
 Pulvis Ejimenagogus, P. myrrhae compositus 
 — p. Epileptious Marchionum, P. de magnesia 
 compositus — p. Errhinus, P. asari compositus — 
 p. Galaetopoeus, P. de magnesia compos. 
 
 Pulvis e Gujimi Gutta, P. Camho'gim compo- 
 situs i^w hydrago'gns, Camhoge Powder, (F. ) Pou- 
 dre Tiydragogne ou de gonime gutte ou de Querce- 
 ta'nus. (Bad. jalap, 24 p., rad. mechoacan. 12 
 p., cinnam., rhei. aa 8 p., gum. canibog. .3 p., fol. 
 soldanellcB sice. 6 p., semin. anisi 12 p., fiat pulvis. 
 Ph. P.) A drastic cathartic. In anasarca and 
 in worms. Dose, gr. xv to xxx. 
 
 Pulvis Gummo'sus Alkali'.nus, Sapo vegeta'- 
 hilis, (F.) Poudre de snvon vegetal. {Guaiac. 
 23hIv. 32 p., potass, carl. 4 p. Make into a pow- 
 der. Ph. P.) Antacid. 
 
 Pulvis ex Helminthocort'o Compos'itus, P. 
 vermif'ugus absque mercu'rio, (F.) Poudre vermi- 
 fuge sans mercure. [Fuc. helminthocort., sem. 
 contra., summitat. absinth., tanaceti, fol. seordii, 
 senncB, rhei. aa p. SB, fiat pulvis. Ph. P.) Dose, 
 
 Bj to zi- 
 
 Pulvis Htdragogus, P. e gummi gutta — p. 
 Hydnirgyri cinereus, see Hydrargyri oxydum 
 cinereum — p. Hypnotieus, Hydrargyri sulphu- 
 retum nigrum — p. Imperatoris, P. einnamomi 
 compositus — J). Incisivus, P. de sulphure et scilla 
 — p. Pro infantibus, P. de magnesia compos. — p. 
 Infantum, P. de magnesia compos. — p. Infantum 
 antacidus. P. de magnesia compositus. 
 
 Pulvis Ipecacuan'HvE Compos'itus, P. alexi- 
 te'rius seu anod'i/nus sen diaphoret'icus Beudiap- 
 no'icns seu siidorif'icus Buve'ri seu TpecacuanhcB 
 et Opii (Ph. U. S.), Compound Powder of Ipecac- 
 uanha, Bover's Powder, (F.) Poudre de Bover ou 
 
 d'ipecacuanha et d'opiium ou de Bower. (Tpeca- 
 cuanh. p)ulv., opii pulv., sing 3J) potasses suljihat. 
 ^j. Mix. Diaphoretic. Dose, gr. v to gr. xij. 
 
 Pulvis Ipbcacuanh.*; et Opii, P. ipecacuanhse 
 compositus. 
 
 Pulvis Jalap'^ Compos'itus, P. Biaturpe'thi 
 compositus seu laxans seu p>urgans seu laxati'vus 
 vegetab'ilis seu laxans cum sale seu Jalap'cB sali'- 
 nus seu Jalaj/es tartar'icus, Species BiajalapxF, 
 Compound Powder of Jalap, (F.) Poudre de jalap 
 composee. {Pulv. jalap). 3J, potass, bitart. ^^ij. 
 Mix.) Cathartic. Dose, ^j to gij. 
 
 Pulvis Jalap^e Salixus, P. jalapae composi- 
 tus — p. Jalapse tartaricus, P. jalapte compositus 
 — p. de Jalapa et scammonio compositus, P. 
 scammonese comp.- — p. Jamesii, Antimonial pow- 
 der — p. Jesuitieus, Cinchona — p. Joannis de Vigo, 
 Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum. 
 
 Pulvis Kino Compos'itus, Compound Powder 
 of kino, ["E.) Poudre de kino composee, [Kino 
 ^xv, cinnam. Jiv, opii duri qJ. Rub each to 
 powder, and mix. Ph. L.) Astringent. Dose, 
 gr. V to sx. 
 
 Pulvis Laxans, P. jalapae compositus — p. 
 Laxans cum sale, P. jalapae compositus — p. Lax- 
 ativus vegetabilis, P. jalapa compositus. 
 
 Pulvis de Magne'sia Compos'itus, P. Galac- 
 topce'us seu Nutri' cum seu Infan'tum seu Infan- 
 tum antac"idus seu pro Infau'tibus seu antiac"- 
 idus seu absor'bens seu epilep'ticus 3Iarchio'num, 
 Com^iound Powder of Magne'sia, (F.) Poudre ab- 
 sorbante et anti-acide. \3Iagnesi<B, sacchar. 5,a 
 p. se. Mix. Ph. P.) 
 
 Pulvis Mantuanus, P. eontrayervse comp. — 
 p. Marcbionis, Marchionis Pulvis — p. Mereurialis 
 cinereus, Hydrargyri oxidum cinereum — p. ad 
 Mucum pulmonalem liberius ciendum, P. de sul- 
 phure et scilla. 
 
 Pulvis Myrrhs Compos'itus, P. e Myrrhd 
 compositus seu ad ul'cera tend'inum seu emmen- 
 agogus. Compound Myrrh Poicder, (F.) Poudre 
 Balsamique. (3fyrrhcB, sabince, rutcB, castor. Puss. 
 aa ^j.) A stimulant, antispasmodic, and emme- 
 nagdgue. Dose, gr. xv. to xl. 
 
 Pulvis Nutricum, P. de magnesia compositus 
 — p. Opiatus, P. eornu usti cum opio — p. Oxydi 
 stibii compositus, P. cornachini — p. ad Partum, 
 Ergot — p. Parturiens, Ergot — p. de Phopphate 
 calcis et stibii compositus, Antimonial pnuiler — 
 p. Principis, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum — p. Pnr- 
 gans, P. jalapse compositus — p. Quercetuniis, 
 Hydrargyri submurias. 
 
 Pulvis Quercus Mari'nje, Powder of Yellou- 
 Bladder- Wrack. (The wrack in fruit, dried, 
 cleaned, exposed to a red heat in a crucible with 
 a perforated lid, and then reduced to powder. 
 Ph. B.) Virtues dependent on iodine : used, con- 
 sequently, in broncbocele, <fec. Dose, gr. x toxL 
 See Fucus vesiculosus. 
 
 Pulvis Rhei Compos'itus, Compound Powder 
 of Rhubarb. {Magnes. ^j, zingib. pulv. ^\j, rhei 
 pidv. 5iv. M. Ph. E.) An antacid and laxative. 
 Dose, 9J to 9ij. 
 
 Pulvis Sali'nus Compos'itus, Compound Sa- 
 line Powder. (Sodii chlorid., magnesia sulphat., 
 aa 3iv, potas. sulphat. ,^iij. Ph. E. Dose, as an 
 aperient, two or three drachms dissolved in water. 
 
 Pulvis ScA:\rMo'NE« Compos'itus, P. e Scam- 
 monio compositus seu Scammonii seu de Jalapid et 
 Scammo'nio compositus dictus Cathar'ticus, Com- 
 pound Powder of Scammony, (F.) Poudre cafhar- 
 tique ou Poudre de Scammonee compiosee. [Scani- 
 mon., ext. jalap, dur., sing., ^ij, zingib. ,^s?. Rub 
 separately to powder, and mix. Ph. L.) Cathar- 
 tic. Dose, gr. viij to gr. xv. 
 
 Pulvis Scammo'nii cum Aloe. P. e Scammonio 
 cum Aloe, Scammony and Aloes Powder. (Seam- 
 mon. ,^vj, ext. jalap, dur., aloes Socotr. aS, ^iss, 
 zing. §ss.) Cathartic. Dose, gr. x to xv. 
 
PUMEX 
 
 776 
 
 PUPIL 
 
 PuLVis ScAMMONn Antimonialis, p. eorna- ' 
 chini. I 
 
 PuLVIS Sesn^ CojipOS'itus, p. e Senna com- \ 
 positus seu e Send composiius seu Diase'ntB, ' 
 Compound Powder of Senna, (F.) Poiidre de sene \ 
 eomposee. (Senna, polas. supertart., sing., ^ij, ! 
 seammon. ^ss, zingib. ^ij- P^- L.) Cathartic, j 
 hydragogue. Dose, Qj to ^j- 
 
 Pdlvis de Senna, Scammo'nea etLignis Com- 
 por'itus dictus Antiarthrit'icus Purgans, (P.) 
 Poudre de Perard. {Gum Arab., piot ass. super- 
 tart., fol. senncB, chince, aa 4 p., seammon., rad. 
 sarsnpar., chince, guaiac. lign. aa 2 p., fiat pulvis. 
 Ph. P.) Purgative. Used to obviate gout. Dose, 
 
 Pulvis Stanni, see Tin — p. Sternutatorius, P. 
 asari corapositus — p. Stibiatus, Antimonial pow- 
 der ■ — p. Stypticus, P. Sulphatis aluminse com- 
 positus — p. Sudorificus, P. ipecaeuanhEe comp. — 
 p. Sudorificus Doveri, P. ipecacuanhse compo- 
 situs. 
 
 Pulvis Sulpha'tis Alu'min^e Compos'itus, 
 P. alumino'sus seu alu'minis kinosa'tus seu str/jy'- 
 licus seu aluminis compositus, Alu'men Jcinosa'- 
 tura, Compound Alum Poicder, (F.) Poudre sti/p- 
 tique ou d'alum eomposee. {Sulphatis alumina, 
 p. iv, kino, p. 1. Ph. E.) Astringent. In in- 
 testinal hemorrhage and diarrhoea. Dose, gr. 
 X to XV. 
 
 Pulvis de Sul'phure et Scilla, P. antiasth- 
 mat'icus seu ineisi'vus seu ad mucum pulmona'- 
 lem libe'rius cien'dum, (F.) Poudre incisive ou 
 anti-asthmatique. {Sacchar., p. 3, sulphur, lot.ip. 
 2, scillcB. siccat. p. j. Ph. P.) Dose, gr. v to 
 5ss. 
 
 Pulvis de Sulpha'te Potas's^ Coirpos'iTus, 
 P. tem'perans Stah'lii, (F.) Poudre temperante de 
 ^Stahl. [Potass, sulph., P.nitrat. aa 9 p., hydrarg, 
 sulph. ruhr. 2 p. Mix. Ph. P.) As an anti- 
 phlogistic, and in acidity of the first passages. 
 Dose, 9j to 9ij. 
 
 Pulvis e Sulphure'to Hydkar'gyri Nigro 
 ET ScAMiro'Nio, dictus Vermif'ugus Mercuria'- 
 LIS, (F.) Poudre vermifuge mercurielle. (Pulv. 
 cornachin., hydrarg. auJphuret. nigr. recent, prsep., 
 aa p. as. Mix. Ph. P.) Dose, Qj to _^ss. 
 
 Pulvis Sympatheticus, Sympathetic powder 
 — p. Teraperans Stahlii, P. de sulphate potassae 
 compositus — p. Terrestris, P. cretas compositus. 
 
 Pulvis Tragacan'th^ Compos'itus, P. e Tra- 
 gacan'thd compositus. Species Diatragacan'thcB 
 frig"idcB, Compound Poicder of Tragacanth , (F.) 
 Poudre de gomme adragant eomposee. {Traga- 
 canth. contus., acacicB cont., amyli, sing., Aiss, 
 saceh. pni-if. ^iij. Ph. L.) Demulcent. In 
 coughs, <&c. Dose, ^^ss to J^iij. 
 
 Pulvis de Tribus, P. cornachini — p. Tonqui- 
 nensis, P. Cobbii — p. ad Uleera tendinura, P. 
 myrrhffi compositus — p. Vermifugus absque mer- 
 eurio, Pulvis ex helminthocorto comp. — p. Ver- 
 mifugus mercurialis, P. e sulphureto hydrargyri 
 nigro et scammonio — p. Yitse Imperatoris, P. cin- 
 namomi compositus. 
 
 PUMEX, Laj}is jju'micis. Pumice, (F.) Pierre 
 Ponce. This was formerly employed as a desicca- 
 tive and dentifrice. 
 
 PUMICE. Pumex. 
 
 PUMILIO, Nanus. 
 
 PUMILUS, see Nanus. 
 
 PUMMEL-FOOT, Kyllosis. 
 
 PUMP, BREAST, Antlia laetea— p. Stomach, 
 Stomach pump. 
 
 PUMPKIN, Cucurbita pepo. 
 
 PUNA, (S.) Veta, Soroceo, Soroche, Ifareo ; 
 Hypson'osus, Mountain Sickness, (F.) ifal de 
 Montague. A sickness common in the elevated 
 districts of South America and elsewhere, which 
 attacks those unaccustomed to breathe the rare- 
 Bed atmosphere. It strongly resembles sea- 
 
 sickness, with a most acute and depressing throb- 
 bing in the head. It does not often affect tho 
 respiration greatly. 
 
 PUNAISE. Cimex. 
 
 PUNAISIE, Ozffina. 
 
 PUNCH, Jihi'zagra, from pungere, pmnctv.w, 
 'to prick.' Pepulso'riuyn, (F.) Eepoussoir. A 
 surgical instrument used for extracting the 
 stumps of teeth. See Lever. 
 
 Also, an agreeable alcoholic drink, made of 
 spirit, wine, sugar, lemon juice, and water. Milk 
 is sometimes substituted in part for the water : it 
 then forms 2Iilk Punch. 
 
 PUNCTA OSSIFICATIONIS, Ossification, 
 points of. 
 
 PUNCTA MUCOSA, see Acne. 
 
 PUNCTICULA, Petechia;. 
 
 PUNCTIO, Paracentesis, Puncture — p. Nervi, 
 Neuron varme. 
 
 PUNCTUM, Stitch. 
 
 PuNCTUll Au'recji, Punctu'ra au'rea. For- 
 merly, when an intestinal hernia was reduced by 
 an incision made through the integuments down 
 to the upper part of the spermatic vessels, a 
 golden wire was fixed and twisted, so as to pre- 
 vent the descent of any thing down the tunica 
 vaginalis. Hence the term. 
 
 PuNCTUM Ctecum, see Optic nerve — p. Lacry- 
 male. Lachrymal punctum. 
 
 PuNCTUM Sa'liens, P. sanguin'eum sa'liens, 
 Glob'ulus sanguin'eus, Punctus ruber sa'liens. 
 The first moving pioint which makes its appear- 
 ance after the fecundation of the germ. It has 
 been generally, but erroneously, applied to the 
 heart of the embryo. 
 
 PUNCTURA, Paracentesis — p. Aurea, Punc- 
 tum aureum. 
 
 PUNCTURE, Punctu'ra, Punc'tio, Cente'sis, 
 Paracenie'sis, Nyxis, from pungere, punctum, 'to 
 prick ;' Tresis Puncfura, (F.) Piqnre. A wound 
 made by a pointed instrument, as a sword, bayo- 
 net, needle, thorn, <fec. A puncture is, generally, 
 of trifling consequence; but, sometimes, it be- 
 comes important from the parts implicated, and 
 the after consequences. 
 
 PUNCT'URING. Same etymon. Compnnc'- 
 tio, Paracenie'sis. (F.) Ponction. The operation 
 of opening, by means of a trocar, lancet, &c., any 
 natural or accidental cavity, with the view of 
 evacuating any fluid, effused or accumulated 
 therein. Paracentesis is a sort of puncturing. 
 
 PUNCTUS RUBER SALIENS, Punctum 
 saliens. 
 
 PUNGENT, (F.) Pongitif. Same etymon. 
 Pain is said to be pungent, when it seems as if a 
 pointed instrument were forced into the suffering 
 part. 
 
 PU'NICA GRANA'TUM. The Pomegranate, 
 Rhoa, Rhoea, Grana'tum, Malograna'tiim, (F.) 
 Grenadier: Ord. Myrtacese. Sex. Syst. Icosi^n- 
 dria Monogynia. The rind of the fruit, called 
 3/alicho'rium, MaIc(Corium, Malicorium, Gra- 
 na'ti Fructus Cortex (Ph. U. S.) ; and the flowers 
 — called Balausiine flowers — are used in medi- 
 cine. They have been employed both internally 
 and externally as astringents. The seeds are 
 called Coceo'nes, kokkuivi^. The portion, however, 
 of the plant, that has attained most celebrity, is 
 the bark of the root, Grana'ti Radi'cis Cortex 
 (Ph. U. S.), which appears to be very efficacious 
 in taenia. It is given in decoction, {Granat. rad. 
 corf, ^ij ; AqucB Oij, boiled to Oiss.) Dose, f§ij, 
 every half hour. Three or four doses are usually 
 sufiBcient to expel the worm. 
 
 The bark contains a peculiar matter called 
 Grenadin. 
 
 PUNK, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 PUOGENIA, Pyogenia, 
 
 PUPIL, Pupil'la, Pu'pula, Pupil'io, Vis'io, 
 
PUPILL^ VELUM 
 
 777 
 
 PURSLANE 
 
 Opsts, Core, Cora, Rho.v, Fenes'tra seu Nigrum 
 seu Fura'men Oc'uli, Prunel'la, Lumen, Glene, 
 Sight or Apple or Ball of the eye, (Sc.) Blak of 
 the Eie, (Prov.) Candle, (P.) Pujyille, Prunelle. 
 The aperture of the iris, through which the rays 
 of light pass that have to impress the image of an 
 object on the retina. This aperture can be di- 
 lated or contracted so as to allow a greater or 
 smaller quantity of luminous rays to penetrate. 
 The pupil, in man, is round, and by it the ante- 
 rior and posterior chambers of the eye commu- 
 nicate with each other. In the foetus, during the 
 first six months of gestation, it is closed by the 
 pupillary membrane. 
 
 Pupil, Closure of the, Synezizis. 
 
 Pupil, Pinhole. A condition of the pupil in 
 typhus, in which it is so contracted as to resem- 
 ble a pinhole. It indicates a dangerous form of 
 brain alfeotion. 
 
 PUPILL^ VELUM, Pupillary membrane. 
 
 PUPILLARIS HERBA, Lapsana. 
 
 PU'PILLARY, Pupilla'ris, (P.) Pupillaire. 
 That which belongs to the pupil. 
 
 Pupillary Membrane, ilemhra'na Pupilla'- 
 ris, Pupil'lcB vehnn, Memhra'mi Wachendorfia' na. 
 The central aperture of the iris is closed, in the 
 foetus, during a certain period of gestation, by a 
 very thin membrane. It disappears in the seventh 
 month. 
 
 PUPPET ROOT, Veratrum viride. 
 
 PUPPIS OS, Frontal bone. 
 
 PUPULA, Pupil. 
 
 PU'PUL^, A'pices difjito'rum. The pulps or 
 extremities of the fingers. 
 
 PURBLIND, Myopic. 
 
 PURBLINDNESS, Myopia. 
 
 PURGAMENT. Purgative. 
 
 PURGAMENTA, Excrement — p. Alba, Leu- 
 corrhoea — p. Infantis, Meconium — p. Puerperii, 
 Lochia — p. Uteri, Lochia. 
 
 PURGANS MEDICAMENTUM, Cathartic. 
 
 PURGATIO, Catharsis — p. Alvi, Catharsis — 
 p. Muliebris alba, Leucorrhcea — p. Puerperii, 
 Lochia. 
 
 PURGATION, Catharsis. 
 
 PURGATIONES, Menses — p. Menstrua?, 
 Menses. 
 
 PURGATTONS, Menses. 
 
 PUR'GATIVE, Purgati'vus, Purgans, 3foch'- 
 Uqus, Catoret'icus, Catoter'icus, Cnthar'tic, Pur'- 
 gament, Purge, (P.) Purgatif, from 2}urgare, j)ur- 
 gatum, 'to cleanse.' A medicine which operates 
 more powerfully on the bowels than a laxative, 
 stimulating the muscular, and exciting increased 
 secretion from the mucous, coat. 
 
 PURGE, Purgative — p. Root, Euphorbia co- 
 rollata. 
 
 PURGING, Diarrhoea. 
 
 PURIP'ICANS, Puri/'icHS, from purijlcare, 
 ' to make pure or clean.' Purifying ; hence : — 
 
 PuRiFiCANTiA, Medicines that cleanse or purify 
 the blood. 
 
 PURIPICUS, Purificans. 
 
 PU'RIPORM, Puriform'is, from pus, piuris, 
 anA forma. Having the appearance of pus. 
 
 PURL. A medicated malt liquor, in which 
 wormwood and aromaties are infused. 
 
 PURO-HEPATITIS, see Hepatitis. 
 
 PURO-MUCOUS, Puro-muco'sus, from pus, 
 pnris, and mucus. Having the character or ap- 
 pearance of pus and mucus. 
 
 PURPLE OF CASSIUS, (P.) Pourpre de 
 Cassius. A precipitate, obtained by adding the 
 protochloride of tin to a dilute solution of gold ; 
 or by dipping rods of tin in a solution of gold in 
 diluted chlorohydric acid. Used in syphilis. 
 
 PURPLES, Purpura hsemorrhagica. 
 
 PUR'PURA, Por'phyra, 'a purple colour.' 
 This word has been employed in many senses. 
 
 It generally means, livid spots on the skin from 
 extravasated blood, with languor and loss of 
 muscular strength, pains in the limbs. — (F.) 
 Pour2}re. 
 
 In Purpura Simplex, Porp^'yra simplex, Pe- 
 techia sinefehre, Pelio'sis, Phoenig'mus Petechia'- 
 lis, Profti'sio suhcula' nea, Pete'chial Scurvy, the 
 spots are numerous, but small and flea-bite- 
 shaped: chiefly on the breast, arms, and legs; 
 with paleness of countenance. At times, the 
 affection is accompanied by severe pains in the 
 extremities, constituting Pelio'sis rheuniat'ica. 
 
 In Purpura HiEMORRHAG"icA, Porph'yra ]im- 
 morrhng"ica, Sto?nac'ace universa'lis, Hamorrhn- 
 gia universa'lis, Petechiano'sis, jiJorlus maculo'sua 
 hamorrhag" icua Werlhof'ii, Pelio'sis hcemor- 
 rhag"ica, Scorhu'tus, Schorhu'tus, Hcemorrhoe'a 
 petechia'lis, Hcp.matospil'ia, Land Scurvy, Pur- 
 ples, (F.) Scorhut, S. de Terrc, Maladie de WerU 
 hof, Hemacelinose, Pelinse hemorrhagique — tho 
 spots are circular, and of different sizes; often in 
 stripes or patches, irregularly scattered over the 
 thighs, arms, and trunk; with occasional heemor- 
 rhage from the mouth, nostrils, or viscera, and 
 great debility and depression of spirits. 
 
 In Purpura Nau'tica, Porphyra nantiea, 
 Scorhu'tus, Peehytyrhe, Gingibra'chium, Gingipe'- 
 dium, Scelotyr'he, Stomac'ace, Scorhu'tus nau'ti- 
 cns. Sea scurvy, (Sc.) Scruhie, (F.) Scorhut, 
 there are spots of different hues, intermixed with 
 the livid, principally at the roots of the hair; the 
 teeth are loose; the gums are spongy and bleed- 
 ing; the breath is fetid, and the debility univer- 
 sal and extreme. This occurs chiefly at sea, 
 after exposure to a moist, cold, foul atmosphere ; 
 with long use of one kind of food and of stag- 
 nant water. 
 
 All these varieties of purpura considerably re- 
 semble each other. In the first two, however,* 
 there seems, at times, to be some excitement, 
 which has led to the employment of purgatives, 
 and even of bleeding, with advantage. They 
 are dependent upon a peculiar diathesis, which 
 has been termed Scorhu'tie Cachex'ia, Lues Scor- 
 bn'tica, and Cacochym'ia Scorhu'tica. Generally 
 speaking, the use of the mineral acids will be in- 
 dicated ; and, in sea scurvy, vegetable acids must 
 be regarded as the best antiscorbutics. Nitre is, 
 also, a good antiscorbutic, and in cases of great 
 prostration it may be united with cinchona 
 or turpentine. Tamarinds and cream of tartar, 
 made into drink, are also serviceable. But the 
 great remedy is change from low to cheerful spi- 
 rits; from filth to cleanliness; and from a cold 
 and damp, to a temperate and dry climate, with 
 change of food, and especially the use of green 
 vegetables. 
 
 The general principles of management are the 
 same in sea, as in land scurvy. 
 
 Purpura, Scarlatina — p. Alba benigna et ma. 
 ligna. Miliary fever — p. Maligna, Petechise — p 
 Miliaris, Miliary fever — p. Puerperarum, Miliary 
 fever — p. Urticata, Urticaria. 
 
 PURPURIC URINE, see Porphvruria. 
 
 PURPURINE, see Porphyruria. " 
 
 PURPURISSUM, Hydrargyri sulphuretum 
 rubrum. 
 
 PURRING TREMOR, Frhnissement eataire. 
 
 PURSE, Scrotum — p. Shepherd's, Thlaspi 
 bursa. 
 
 PUR'SINESS, Dyspince'a pinguedino'sa, (F.) 
 Pousse. Dyspnoea accompanied with oppressive 
 fatness. The word is, also, applied to dyspnoea 
 of every kind. One so afi'ected is said to be pursy, 
 or short-winded, (Prov.) Short-of-puff, Thick- 
 listed, (P.) Poussif. 
 
 PURSLAIN, Purslane. 
 
 PURSLANE, Portulaca — p. Milk, Euphorbia 
 corollata and E. maculata — p. Speedwell, Ve- 
 
PURSY 
 
 PYLEPHLEBITIS 
 
 ronlca peregrina — p. AVater, Ludwigia palustris, 
 Veronica beccabunga. 
 
 PURSY, see Pursiness. 
 
 PURULEXCE, Pus, Suppuration. 
 
 PURULEXCY, Pus, Suppuration. 
 
 PU'RULEXT, Purulen'tus, Em'pyos, Pyo'des, 
 Py'icHs, from pus, jmris. That which has the 
 character of pus or consists of pus ; as purulent 
 matter, a purtileiit collection, &o. 
 
 Purulent Deposit, Pus. 
 
 PURULEXTIA, Suppuration. 
 
 PURYAIX, Verbena oflBcinalis. 
 
 PUS, Humor purulen'tus, Pyon, Pyono'ma, 
 Matter, Pu'riilent clepon'it, Pu'rulence, Pu'rulency, 
 (Sc.) Woursum, Worsum. A secretion from in- 
 flamed textures, and especially from the areolar 
 membrane. It is, almost always, of the same na- 
 ture, whatever may be the part it proceeds from. 
 Pus of a good quality, — laudable pus. Pus honum 
 seu laudab'ile seu nutriti'vum seu verum, (F.) 
 Pus louahle, — is of a yellowish-white colour, 
 opake, inodorous, and of a creamy appearance. 
 Heat, acids, and alcohol coagulate it. AVhen 
 analyzed by Schwilgue, it afforded albumen and 
 water, a particular extractive substance, and a 
 small quanty of soda, phosphate of lime, and 
 other salts. Normal pus consists essentially of 
 two distinct parts, jius corpuscles or pus fflohules, 
 Cytoid corpuscles, (Henle) — and a colourless, 
 aqueous fluid, liquor pjuris, in which the corpus- 
 cles are suspended. A variety of the pus cor- 
 puscles is described by M. Lebert under the name 
 pyoid. Fully formed pus is aplastic. 
 
 Pus BoNUM, see Pus — p. Corpuscles, see Pus 
 
 — p. Corrosivum, Sanies — p. Globules, see Pus 
 
 — p. Laudable, see Pus — p. Louahle, see Pus — 
 p. Malignum, Ichor — p. Malignum, Sanies — p. 
 Nutritivum, see Pus — p. Verum, see Pus. 
 
 . PUSH, Pustule. 
 
 PUSILLA'TUM, Pusula'tum, from pusiUus, 
 'small' [?]. A coarse powder. 
 
 PUSILLUS, Nanus. 
 
 PUSKILE, Pustule. 
 
 PUSTULA, Pustule — p. Ardens, Eczema — p. 
 Oris, A.phthaj — p. Gangrsenosa, see Anthrax — p. 
 Livida Esthonise, see Anthrax. 
 
 PustuLjE Sicc^, Lichen. 
 
 PUSTULAR, Pustulous, Pustula'ris, Pustulo'- 
 eus, (F.) Pusfuleux. Of or belonging to pustules. 
 Affected with pustules. 
 
 PUSTULA'TION, Pustula'tio, from pustula, 
 *a pustule.' The formation of pustules. 
 
 PUSTULE, Puskile. Push, Pus'tula, from pus. 
 Eepye'sis, Ecthy'ma, Benath, Buhe, Epanns'tasis. 
 An elevation of the cuticle, with an inflamed 
 base, containing pus. Willan and Bateman 
 reckon four varieties of pustules, Phlyza'cium, 
 Psydra'cium, Achor, and Favns. The variolous 
 pustule is often called, by the French, Grain; by 
 us, Pock. 
 
 PUSTULE BLALTGNE, see Anthrax. 
 
 PUSTULOUS, Pustular. 
 
 PUSULATUM. Pusillatum, 
 
 PUT TO BED, Deliver. 
 
 PUTAMEX OVL see Membrana putaminis. 
 
 PUTIUM. Prepuce. 
 
 PUTREDO, Hospital Gangrene, Putrefaction. 
 
 PUTREFAC'TIOX,P»?;-eA'c'<,-o,Pu«rescpn'n-a. 
 Sep)sis, S'lp' rotes, Se'pedon, Putrid or Putrefact'ive 
 fermentation, from pufris, putre, 'rotten,' and 
 facere, 'to make.' A decomposition, experienced 
 by animal substances, when deprived of life, and 
 placed under special circumstances. The pre- 
 sence of water is indispensable, the temperature 
 most favourable to it, is from 60° to 90° of 
 Fahrenheit. The most common products of pu- 
 trefaction are, water, carbonic acid, acetic acid, 
 ammonia, carburetted hydrogen, and a semi- 
 putrid substance, which is volatilized, and has an 
 
 infected odour. It has been supposed that some- 
 thing like putrefaction may occur in the living 
 body, as in case of putrid fever. To this condi- 
 tion, Piorrj- has given the name Typholce' mia, 
 conceiving it to be owing to alteration of the 
 blood hy putrid animal matters. Putrefaction 
 signifies the state of becoming putrid : whilst Pu- 
 tridity, Putre'do, Putrid'itas, Pu'tridness, (F.) 
 Pourriture, is the state of rottenness. 
 
 PUTRESCENT, Hyposaprus— p. Poison, see 
 Poison. 
 
 PUTRESCEX'TIA, Putrefaction — p. Uteri 
 gravidi, Hystero-malacia. 
 
 'P\JTRlb,Pu'tridus, Sajjros, Sepedono'des, (F.) 
 Putride, from putreo, 'to rot.' An epithet for 
 some affections, in which the matters excreted 
 and the transpiration itself exhale a smell of pu- 
 tridity. It is particularlv applied to typhus. 
 
 PUTRIDITAS, see Putrefaction. 
 
 PUTRIDITY, see Putrefaction. 
 
 PUTRILA'GO, Putror, (F.) PutrUnge. Same 
 etymon. The pultaceous matter or slough, which 
 forms in certain gangrenous and other ulcers, 
 and is thrown off. 
 
 PUTROR, Putrilage. 
 
 PUTZOCHILL, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
 
 PUXIRI, see Pichurim beans. 
 
 PYJEMIA. Pyohamia. 
 
 PYAR'THRUM, from tvov, 'pus,' and apBpov, 
 'joint.' A suppurated joint. 
 
 PYCNAX'THEMUM IXCA'NUM, (ttvxvo;, 
 'dense,' and av^e^iov, 'a blossom.') Clinopod'ium 
 inca'num. Common Jlountain Jilint, Wild Basil. 
 An indigenous plant of the mint /a?/i?7t/ — Ord. 
 Labiatas — which flowers in August. It has the 
 aromatic properties of the mints. 
 
 Pycnan'thejiumLinifo'lium, Virginia Thyme, 
 has like virtues. 
 
 PYCXICMASTICA, Incrassantia. 
 
 PYCXOSIS, Inspissatio. 
 
 PYCXOTICA, Incrassantia, 
 
 PYEC'CHYSIS, from tvov, 'pus,' and tK'xyai^, 
 'effusion.' An efi"usion of pus. 
 
 PYELFTIS, (F.) Py^ite, from -vtUg, 'pelvis,' 
 and -itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
 of the pelvis and ealices of the kidney. 
 
 PYELOMETER. Pelvimeter. 
 
 PYELONEPHRI'TIS, from vveUi, 'pelvis,' 
 ve<l)pos, ' kidney,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the kidney, and of the pelvis and 
 caliees, 
 
 PYELOS, Pelvis. 
 
 PYEMESIS, Pyoemesis. 
 
 PYESIS, Suppuration. 
 
 PYETIA, Colostrum, Rennet. 
 
 PYGE, Nates. 
 
 PYGM^US, Pygmy. 
 
 PYGME. Fist, Forearm. 
 
 PYGJTEE, Pygmy. 
 
 PYGMY, Pigmy, PygmcB'ua, (F.) Pygm^e, from 
 -vyni, 'the fist; as big as the fist.' A dwarf. 
 The Pygmsei were a fabulous nation of dwarfs in 
 the extreme parts of India; or, according to 
 others, in Ethiopia. 
 
 PYGODID'YMUS, Did'ymus symphyoperince' - 
 us. Pygop'ages, from irvyn, 'the nates,' and iicv- 
 txoi, ' a twin.' A monstrosity, in which twins are 
 united by the sacrum and coccyx. 
 
 PYGOM'ELES, (F.) Pygomele, from Tri-yi?, 'the 
 nates,' and /jEXtof, ' unprofitable.' A monster with 
 excessive growth on the nates or rump. 
 
 PYGOPAGES, Pygodidymus. 
 
 PYICUS, Purulent. 
 
 PYLE, Porta. 
 
 PYLEMPHRAX'IS, from ■!,v\r,, 'porta,' 'a, 
 gate,' and t^/^pafts, 'obstruction.' Obstruction of 
 the vena porta. 
 
 PYLEPHLEBPTIS, from -nvM, 'porta,' <f\t^\,, 
 
PYLORIC 
 
 7 79 PYR AMIDES ANTMIEURES 
 
 <p\cPo;, 'a. vein,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflauunati'in of the vena porta. 
 
 PYLORIC, Pylor'icus, (F.) Ptjlonqxie. Same 
 etymon as pylorus. That which relates to the 
 pylorus. An epithet given to different parts. 
 
 PYLORIC Artery, Ai-te'n'a Corona'ria dextra, 
 (F.) Petite artere gastriqiie droits, arises from the 
 hepatic, and is distributed to the pylorus and to 
 the lesser curvature of the stomach, anastomosing, 
 particularly, with the A. coronaria ventriculi and 
 A. gastro-epiploica dextra. 
 
 PyLOi'.ic Vein follows the same distribution as 
 the artery. 
 
 PYLORTQUE, Pyloric. 
 
 PYLO'RUS, Jan'ito)-, Portnna'rium, from ttv^ij, 
 'a gate,' and ovpos, 'a guardian.' O'i'tiwn veu- 
 tric'uli duodena' le sen pi/lor'icum seu. dextrum seu 
 infe'rin8, Orific"ium dextrum seu in/erina seu 
 Egres'siis seu Os infe'rius seu An'nidus seu Sphinc- 
 ter veiitric'uli, Ostia'rius, Hostia'rius, (F.) Pylore. 
 The lower or right orifice of the stomach — Orifice 
 intestinal (Ch.) — is called Pylorus, because it 
 closes the entrance into the intestinal canal, and 
 is furnished with a circular, flattened, fibro-mu- 
 eous ring, which occasions the total closure of 
 the stomach during digestion in that organ. This 
 ring has been called the Vcdve of the Pylorus, 
 Sphincter Pylo'ri, Pylo'rus ^iroprie sic dictus, (F.) 
 Valvule du pylore. It is a fold of the mucous 
 and muscular membranes of the stomach; and 
 is the Pyloric muscle of some authors. 
 
 PyO, in composition, means 'pus,' from rvov, 
 ' pus.' 
 
 PYOBLENNICUS. Mucopurulent. 
 
 PYOBLENNOP>,RH(E'A, hompyo, and jSXtwa, 
 ' mucus,' and psu, 'I flow.' A discharge of puri- 
 form niueus. 
 
 PYOCENO'SIS, from^yo, and ksvuxjis, 'evacua- 
 tion.' Evacuation of pus. 
 
 PYOCHEZ'IA, Biarrhce'a purulen'ta, from 
 pyo, and x^^'^' ' I go to stool.' Discharge of pus 
 by stool. Pnrulent diarrhoea. 
 
 PYOCCE'LIA, Asci'tea ])urulen'tns, from pyo, 
 and (foiXia, ' the belly.' Pus in the abdominal 
 cavitv. 
 
 PYOCYSTIS, Vomica. 
 
 PYODES, Purulent. 
 
 PYCEDE'MA, from pyo, and oiirifia, 'swelling.' 
 Tumefctction of the surface owing to effusion of 
 pus. 
 
 PYOEM'ESIS, Pyem'esis, Vom'itus purulent'us, 
 from pyo, and t/ito-ij, 'the act of vomiting.' 
 Vomiting of pus. 
 
 PYOGENESIS, Pyogenia. 
 
 PYOGEN'IA, P«o(/en'ia, Pyoc/en'esis, Pyopoe'- 
 sis, irotn pyo, and ycveatg, 'generation.' Genera- 
 tion of pus. The theory or mechanism of the 
 formation of pus. Some have believed that pus 
 is formed by the arterial system, and is deptsited, 
 by way of excretion, in the inflamed parts ; others, 
 that it is formed by the destruction of solid parts. 
 It seems to be owing to a degeneration of the 
 liquor sanguinis and exudation corpuscles. 
 
 PvoGRNiA. CoRROSiVA, Ulceration — p. Simplex, 
 Suppuration. 
 
 P Y G E N ' I C, Pyogen'ieua. Same etymon. 
 Having relation to the formation of pus. 
 
 PYOn^'MIA, Pym'mia, (F.) Pyohemie, from 
 pyo, and 'aifxa, 'blood.' Alteration of the blood 
 by pus, giving occasion to the Piath'eaia seu In- 
 fec'tio purulen'ta. 
 
 PYOID CORPUSCLES or GLOBULES, see 
 Pus. 
 
 PY''OME'TRA, P. purulen'ta, from pyo, and 
 ItrjTfia, ' womb.' A collection of pus in the uterus. 
 
 Pyomrtra Purolenta, Pyometra. 
 
 PYON. Pus. 
 
 P TONEPHRTTE, see Nephritis. 
 
 PYONOMA, Pus. 
 
 PYOOTORRHCEA, Otirrhoea. 
 
 PYOPERICAR'DIA, Pyopericar'dium, from 
 2}yo, nzjn, 'about,' and Kap5ia, 'the heart.' A col- 
 lection of pus in the pericardium. 
 
 PYOPHTHALMIA, Hypopyon — p. Neonato- 
 rum, see Ophthalmia (purulenta infantum). 
 
 PYOPLEUBITE, Empyema. 
 
 PYOPOESIS, Pyogenia. 
 
 PYOP'TY'SIS, from pyo, and tttuo), 'I spit. 
 Spitting of pus. 
 
 PY''ORRHAG"IA, from 2}yo, and payr;, 'violent 
 rupture.' A sudden discharge of a large collec- 
 tion of matter. 
 
 PYORRHGE'A, from pyo, and ptm, ' I flow.' A 
 discharge of pus. 
 
 Pyorrhcea Alvina, Pyochezia — p. Aurium, 
 Otirrhoea — p. Nasalis, Ozajna — p. Palpebrae, 
 Blepharopyorrhoea— p. Urinalis, Pyuria — p. Vi- 
 arum lacrymalium, Dacryopyorrhoea. 
 
 PYOSIS, Hypopyon, Pterygion, Suppuration 
 — p. Pectoris, Empyema. 
 
 PYOTHORAX VERUS, Empyema. 
 
 PYOTORRHEE, Otirrhoea. 
 
 PYOTURIA, Pyuria. 
 ■ PY'R, Fever. 
 
 Pl'^RA, Anthrax — p. Crustumina, Crustumina- 
 tum — p. Crustumerina, Crustuminatuih. 
 
 PYR 'A MID, Pyr'arnis, rupa/its, TrvpaiiiSo5, 
 Eminen'tia pyramida'lis tym'pani, from izvp, 
 'flame,' which has a conical appearance [?]. A 
 small bony projection in the cavity of the tym- 
 panum, which is excavated, to lodge the muscles 
 of the stapes. The Centre-pin of the trephine. 
 A small, obtusely pointed eminence of the infe- 
 rior vermiform process of the cerebellum. 
 
 Pyramid, see Calumba — p. of Malacarne, Ver- 
 miform process, inferior. 
 
 PYRAMIDAL DE L' ABDOMEN, Pyrami- 
 dalis abdominis — p. de la Cuisse, Pyramidalis — 
 p. da Nez, Pyramidalis nasi — p. Stapidien, Sta- 
 pedius. 
 
 PYRAMIDALE, (OS,) Cuneiform, (bone.) 
 
 PYRAMIDA'LIS ABDOM'INIS, Mua'culua 
 Follo'pii seu succenturia'tua seu auxilia'rius, (F.) 
 Puhio-omhilical, Puhio-aoua-omhiliccd (Ch.), Py- 
 ramidal de I'ahdomen. A small, fleshy, pyrami- 
 dal fasciculus, whose existence is not constant; 
 and which is inserted, by its base, into the upper 
 part of the pubis, and terminates, by its summit, 
 at the inferior part of the linea alba. When it 
 contracts, it stretches the linea alba. 
 
 Pyramida'lis, P. Fem'oria, Ili'acua exter'nus, 
 Pyriform'is, Piriformis, Primus et superior quad- 
 rigem'inus, (F.) Sacro-trochanterien (Ch.), Py- 
 ramidal de la euisae. A flat, triangular muscle, 
 situate at the posterior part of the pelvis. By its 
 base, it is attached to the anterior surface of the 
 sacrum; to the corresponding surface of the great 
 sacro-seiatic ligament and to the posterior part 
 of the ilium. It terminates by a tendon, which 
 is attached to the inner surface of the great tro- 
 chanter. This muscle is a rotator of the thigh 
 outwards, or of the pelvis in an opposite direction. 
 
 Pyramidalis Femoris, Pyramidalis. 
 
 Pyramida'lis Nasi, Proc"erua nasi, Nasum 
 dila'tans, (F.) Fronto-naaal (Ch.), Pyramidal dii 
 nez. A thin, triangular muscle, which has its 
 summit upwards. Above, it is continuous with 
 the occipito-frontalis. It descends vertically be- 
 fore the root of the nose, on which it terminates, 
 becoming confounded with the transversalis. 
 This muscle wrinkles the skin of the root of the 
 nose transversely, and stretches that which covers 
 the tip. 
 
 PYRAMIDES. Corpora pyramidalia. 
 
 PYR AMIDES ANTERIEURES, Corpora 
 pyramidalia — p. Ferreini, Ferrein, pyramids of 
 
PYRAMIDS OF MALPIGHI 780 
 
 PYRUS AMERICANA 
 
 —p. Malpigliianas, Papillaj of the kidney — p. Pos- 
 terieures da cervelet, Corpora restiforrnia. 
 
 PYRAMIDS OF MALPIGHI, Papillse of the 
 kidney — p. of Ferrein, see Ferrein — p. Posterior, 
 Corpora restiforrnia — p. of Wistar, Sphenoidal 
 cornua. 
 
 PYRAMIS, Penis, Pyramid— p. Cochleae, Mo- 
 diolus — -p. Trigona, see Temporal bone. 
 
 PYRCiEA. Incendiura. 
 
 PYREG'TICA, 'febrile;' from Tuptroj, 'fever,' 
 and £;^M, 'I have.' Fevers : the first order in the 
 class Hcematiea of Good. 
 
 F YRELAINES, Olea empyreumatica. 
 
 PYRENOIDES, Odontoid. 
 
 PYliSiTHRE, Anthemis pyrethrum. 
 
 PYRETHRUM, Anthemis pyrethrum, Urtica 
 — p. Parthenium, Matricaria parthenium — p. Syl- 
 vestre, Achillea ptarmica. 
 
 PYRETICO'SIS, from ^vp, 'fire,' n-uperos, 
 'fever;' Morbus fehri' lis. A febrile affection. 
 
 PYRETICUS, Febrifuge, Febrile. 
 
 PYRETOGENETIC, Stimulant. 
 
 PYRETOGRAPH'IA, from nvp^rog, 'fever,' 
 and ypa<pTi, 'a description.' A description of 
 fever. 
 
 PYRETOL'OGY, Pyretolorfia, from rt.ptrof, 
 'fever,' and Aoj/o;, "a discourse.' PyroUogy. A 
 treatise on fevers. A title sometimes given to a 
 monograph on fever. 
 
 PYRETOS, Fever. 
 
 PYRETOTYPOSIS, Intermittent. 
 
 PYREX'IA,P2/)-ea;'?s, -up£fij,(ri;p, 'fire.') Fever. 
 The febrile condition. Also, a paroxysm of fever 
 — Pnroxi/smus febri'lis. 
 
 PyitEX'i^B, Febrile diseases. The first class of 
 CuUen's Nosology. 
 
 PYRI MARTIALES, Ferrum tartarizatum. 
 
 PYRIA, Fomentation, Vaporarium. 
 
 PYRIATERIUM, Vaporarium. 
 
 PYRICAUSTUM, Burn. 
 
 PYRIFORMIS, Pyramidalis. 
 
 PYRIPH'LEGES, TrvpKJjXeyris, Pyriphlectos, 
 Tvpi(p\£KTog, from nvp, ' fire,' and ^Xtyu, ' I burn.' 
 One who has a burning fever. 
 
 PYRITES, IRON, Ferri sulphuretum. 
 
 PYRMONT, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 celebrated mineral spring on the AVeser, in West- 
 phalia, four leagues from Hamelet. The waters 
 are tonic, and contain chlorides of sodium and 
 magnesium, sulphates of soda and magnesia, and 
 carbonates of iron, lime, and magnesia dissolved 
 in carbonic acid, with some resinous [?] princi- 
 ples. It is a highly carbonated chalybeate. 
 
 Artific"ial Pyrmo.vt Water may be formed 
 of Epsom salt, gr. xv; common salt, gr. v; mag- 
 nesia, gr. 's.; iron-filings, gx.\ ; loater, Ouy Im- 
 pregnated with the gas from marhle-20owder and 
 sulphuric acid, aa 3^'j- 
 
 PYRCENUS, Spiritus rectificatus. 
 
 PYR'OLA, p. rotundifu'lia. Round-leaved Fy- 
 rola or Wintergreen ; Shin leaf. Ord. Ericaceee. 
 Diminutive of Pyrus. a pear tree, from a fancied 
 resemblance of the foliage. This plant was once 
 used as a gentle astringent and tonic. 
 
 Pyr'ola Macula'ta, Chimaph'ila 3Taculn'ta, 
 Spotted Pipsis'sewa, Spiotted Wintergreen, White- 
 leaf, White Pipsissewa, King ewe, Ground holly, 
 Rheumatism %oeed, &c., has similar properties. 
 
 Pyrola, PtOUNDLEAVED, Pyrola. 
 Pyrola Umbella'ta. Chimaph'ila seu Chi- 
 moph'ilaumbella'ta, G. Coryinbo'sa, Ground-holly, 
 Pipsis' select, Wintergreen, lihenmatism weed. 
 Prince's jnne, Herbe a pisser (Canada). This com- 
 mon American plant is allied to the uva ursi, in bo- 
 tanical as well as medical qualities. It is tonic 
 and diuretic. The bruised leaves irritate the 
 skin. From the decoction or infusion an agree- 
 able beverage may be formed by adding sugar, 
 
 ginger to flavour it, and yenst to produce fermen- 
 tation. Under the name Pipsis'sewa Beer it has 
 been used in scrofulous affections. 
 
 PYROLEUM ossium rectificatum, 
 
 Oleum animale Dippelii. 
 
 PYROLIG'NEOUS acid, Ac"idum py- 
 roace'tieum sen pyrolig'neum seu pyroligno'sum seu 
 pyroxyl'icum seu ligni pyro-oleo' sum seu ace'ticum 
 empyreumnt'icnm seu lig'neum seu ligno'rum em- 
 pyreumat'icum, Pyrolig'nic acid, (F.) Acide pyro- 
 acetique ou pyrolignique ou pyroligneux, Vinaigre 
 de bois. An acid, obtained by distillation from 
 wood, coal, &c., which was once believed to be of 
 a peculiar character. It is now known to be 
 formed of acetic acid and an empyreumatic oil, 
 from which it may be freed ; and, in this state, is 
 sold in commerce for Acetum distillatum, Acetic 
 acid of commerce, Ac"idum ace'ticum e Ligno 
 vena'le. It is used for similar purposes as dis- 
 tilled vinegar, and for preserving animal sub- 
 stances. It has also been used as an antiseptic 
 in gangrene and sphacelus, and to foul ulcers ; 
 wherever indeed creasote is indicated. — The dose 
 of the impure pyroligneous acid internally is 
 from five to thirty drops, three or four times a 
 day. 
 
 PYROMA'NIA, Incen' diary monoma'nia, from 
 Tup, 'fire,' and mania. Insanity, with an irre- 
 sistible desire to destroy by fire. 
 
 PYROPH'AGUS, Tgniv'orus, from-CTp, 'fire,' 
 and (jiayw, ' I eat.' One who eats fire. A juggler, 
 who eats bodies in a state of ignition. 
 
 PYROS, Triticum. 
 
 PYRO'SIS, from Trip, ' fire,' ' the act of burning.' 
 Ptyaiis'mus pyros'icus, Li mo' sis cardial' gia spjuta- 
 to'ria, Ardor seu Ebullit"io stom'achi seu ventric'- 
 uli, Cardial' gia sputato'ria, Pyrosis Suec"ica,Apo- 
 ceno'sis vom'itus pyrosis, Dyspep'sia pyrosis, Cnis- 
 moreg'mia, Orex'is (of some), Soda, Wuterbrash, 
 Waterqualm, Waterpang, Black-water, (F.) Ar- 
 deur de I'estomac, Per chand, Cremason, Gorgosset. 
 This affection consists of a hot sensation in the 
 stomach, with eructations of an acrid, burning 
 liquid, that causes a distressing sensation in the 
 parts over which it passes. Attention to diet, 
 and the use of bitter absorbents, will usually re- 
 lieve, when the disease is functional. Occasion- 
 ally, it is symptomatic of organic disease of the 
 stomach. 
 
 Pyrosis also signified, of old, inflammatioD, 
 gangrene, and a burn. 
 
 Pyrosis Sdecica, Pyrosis. 
 
 PYROSOPHIA, Chvmistry. 
 
 PYROTECHNIA, Cbymistry. 
 
 PY'ROTECHNY, Pyrotech'ne, Pyrotech'nia, 
 from -vp, 'fire,' and Tt)(yrj, 'art.' Art of making 
 fire-works, <Sc. Also, chymistry. M. Percy haa 
 used the term Pyrotechnic Chirurgiccde for the 
 art of applying fire or the actual cautery in 
 surgery. 
 
 PYROTHONIDE, from tivo, 'fire,' and oBovr,, 
 'linen.' Liquor 2}yro-oleo'sns e lin'teo para'tus. 
 A kind of pyrogenous or empyreumatic oil, pro- 
 duced by the combustion of textures of hemp, 
 linen, or cotton in a copper vessel. The brown 
 product is acid. Its medical properties probably 
 resemble those of creasote. Diluted with three 
 or four times its weight of water, it has been used 
 as a gargle in cynanche tonsillaris, but is not 
 now employed. 
 
 It is said, also, to be a popular remedy for 
 toothach and skin diseases. When prepared from 
 rags, it is called Rag oil ; when from paper. Pa- 
 per oil, (F.) Huile de Pawner. 
 
 PYROTICUS, Caustic. 
 
 PYROXYLIN. Gun cotton, see Collodion. 
 
 PYRUS AMERICANA, Sorbus Americana. 
 
 Pyrus Cydo^nia, Cydo'nia malifor'mis seu 
 vidga'ris, Sorbus Cydo'nia, Cydo'nia, Coto'nia, 
 
PYTIA 
 
 11 
 
 QUAKAN/INE 
 
 Quince Tree, (F.) Coignassier, Cognaasier. Ord. 
 Rosaeeae. Sex. Si/st. Icosandria Pentagynia. 
 The fruit is termed Cijdo'nium mahnn, Malum 
 cnnum seu coto'neum, llelum cydo'nium, Quince, 
 (F.) Coign. Quince-seeds — Cydo'nium (V\i.\].S. 
 1851) — are sometimes used in decoction as a de- 
 mulcent. Tiie fruit maltes a pleasant preserve. 
 
 Ptrus Domestica, Sorbus domestica. 
 
 Pyrds Malus, 3falus, M. dasypJiyl'la seu com- 
 mu'nis seu sylves'tris, Sorhus malus, llelea, the 
 Apple Tree, (F.) Pommier. The apple — (F.) 
 Pomme — is an agreeable fruit when ripe. When 
 unripe, it disagrees, especially with those of weak 
 digestive powers. The same may be said of the 
 pear, (P.) Poire; the fruit oi Pyrus commu'nis, 
 P. Sorhus seu Sati'va, Pirus, A'pios, {¥.) Poirier. 
 
 Apj)le Brandy is a spirituous liquor obtained 
 from the juice of the apple, and much used in the 
 United States. 
 
 PYTIA, Colostrum, Rennet. 
 
 PYTISMA, Sputum, 
 
 PYUL'CO]N', Pytd'cnm, from t:vov, 'pus,' and 
 'eXicio, 'I extract.' (F.) Tire-pus. A surgical in- 
 strument for extracting pus from any cavity. 
 Many pj-ulca have been employed, all of which 
 act as exhausting syringes. 
 
 PYU'RIA, Pyotu'ria, PyorrJice'a urina'lis, (F.) 
 Pyurie, Pissement de Pus, from nvov, 'pus,' and 
 ovpov, 'urine.' Discharge of purulent urine: a 
 symptom which occurs in many diseases ; par- 
 ticularly in cases of renal calculi, and in organic 
 affections of the bladder. It receives various epi- 
 thets, according to the part whence the pus pro- 
 ceeds: — as Pyuria urethra' lis, P. rena' lis, and 
 P. vesica' lis. 
 
 Pyuria Chylosa, Chyluria — p. Lactea, Chy- 
 luria — p. Mucosa, Cystirrhoea — p. Serosa, Cys- 
 tirrhoea — p. Viscida, Cystirrhoea. 
 
 PYXIS, n-ufij. A box ; a pill-box. Also, an 
 emollient ointment. — Aetius, and Paulus. 
 
 Pyxis, Boite, see Cotyloid. 
 
 Q., see Abbreviation. 
 
 QUAEEBE, Piper cubeba. 
 
 QUACK, Charlatan. 
 
 QUACK-MEDICINE, Arcanum. 
 
 QUACKSALVER, Charlatan. 
 
 QUADRANS, Qnarta pars librcs. A quarter 
 of a pound. Three ounces (Troy.) 
 
 QUADRA'TUS, (F.) Carre, from quadrus, 
 'square.' A name for muscles whose figure ap- 
 proaches a square. Depressor Labii inferioris, 
 Quadratus femoris. 
 
 QuADRATUs DoRsi, Q. lumbomm. 
 
 QuADRA'Ttrs Fem'oris, Quadratus, Qnartus 
 quadrigem'imcs quadratus, (F.) Tubcr-ischio-tro- 
 chanterien (Ch.), Ischio-sous-troehanterien. Carre 
 de la Cuisse. A muscle situate at the posterior 
 and upper part of the thigh. It is thin, flat, and 
 quadrilateral, and is attached to the outer part of 
 the tuberosity of the ischium : whence it proceeds 
 transversely to the inferior part of the posterior 
 margin of the great trochanter. It rotates the 
 limb, turning the toe outwards. 
 
 Quadratus Gen^, Platysma myoides — q. Ra- 
 dii, Pronator radii quadratus. 
 
 Quadratus Lumbo'rum, Quadratus seu Lum- 
 ha'ris externus, Q. dorsi, Flectens par lumbo'rum, 
 {¥.) Ilio-costal, (Ch.) Ilio-lombi-costal, Carre 
 des lombes. A flat, somewhat thick, irregularl}' 
 quadrilateral muscle, situate in the loins, at the 
 Bides of the vertebral column. It is attached, 
 below, to the crista ilii and ilio-lumbar ligament; 
 and above, to the inferior margin of the last rib; 
 and besides, to the base of the transverse pro- 
 cesses of the last four lumbar vertebrte. This 
 muscle inclines the loins to its side: depresses 
 the last rib, and is thus a muscle of respiration. 
 It can also raise the hip. 
 
 QUADRIGA, Cataphracta. 
 _ QUADRIGEM'INA TUBER'CULA,^mn!e«'- 
 tiee Quadrigem'incB seu Bigem'ince, Optic Lobes, 
 Optic Ganglia, Pons Syl'vii, Cor'pora quadri- 
 gem'ina seu higem'ina. Nates et Testes, (F.) 
 Tnhercules quadrijumeaux ou bijumeaux, Emi- 
 iiences bigeminees. Lobes optiqnes ou bijumeaux. 
 Four medullary tubercles, situate at the posterior 
 surface of the tuber annulare. They are white, 
 externally; gray, internally; oblong; rounded; 
 
 connected by pairs, and separated by two grooves, 
 which divide them crucially. Of these tubercles 
 — the superior called Nates, Na'tulm, Tuber'cula 
 anterio'ra, Glu'tia, are larger and more promi- 
 nent than the lower, called Testes, Tuber'cula pos- 
 terio'ra. The pineal gland corresponds exactly 
 to the point of intersection of the two furrows 
 that separate them. 
 
 QUADRIGEMINUS PRIMUS ET SUPE- 
 RIOR, Pyramidalis — q. Quartus quadratus, Qua- 
 dratus femoris — q. Secundus et tertius, Ischio- 
 trochanterianus. 
 
 Q UADR1JV3IEA UX {TUBERCULES), 
 Quadrigemina Tubercula. 
 
 QUADROON, see Mulatto— q. Black, see Mu- 
 latto. 
 
 QUAFADIL, Melanthium Yirginicum. 
 
 QUAHOIL, Cacao. 
 
 QUAIL, Tetrao coturnix. 
 
 QUAMASH, EASTERN, Seilla eseulenta. 
 
 QUANDROS. Ancient name for a precious 
 stone, believed to exist in the brain of the vul- 
 ture ; and to which was attributed the property 
 of augmenting the secretion of milk, and pre- 
 serving from deadly accidents. No such stone 
 exists. 
 
 QUAR'ANTINE, Qurir'entine, Quorenfaine, 
 from (I.) Quarnuti'na.hseUfromquaranta, 'forty,' 
 (F.) Quarantaine. The time during which tra- 
 vellers, returning from a country where the plague 
 or any other pestilential disease exists, are com- 
 pelled to remain on board ship or in a lazaretto. 
 They, as well as the ship, are said 'to perform 
 quarantine.' Quarantine is sometimes extended 
 beyond forty days, whilst its duration is fre- 
 quently much less. It is sometimes enforced by 
 land; for example, when contagious diseases re- 
 quire the establishment ot cordons sonitaires, and 
 when persons are desirous of leaving infected dis- 
 tricts. During quarantine, no communication is 
 allowed between the travellers and the inhabit- 
 ants of the country. Quarantine is a great im- 
 pediment to commerce ; and is, doubtless, very 
 frequently enforced when there is hut little dan- 
 ger of contagion. The evils, however, that might 
 arise from the introduction of a widely-spreading 
 contagious disease, are so disastrous, as to induce 
 
QUARTAN 
 
 '82 
 
 QUINIA 
 
 legislators to maintain these laws in perhaps an |] 
 unnecessary degree of rigour. I 
 
 QUARTAN, from quartus, ' the fonrth.' Quar- '! 
 ta'na Febris, An'etus Quarta'nus, Tetarta'us, jj 
 Quartan Ague, (F.) Quarte. An intermittent, the '} 
 paroxysms of -which recur every fourth day, 
 leaving between them two days' intervaL We ;- 
 speak also of the Quartan Type. A Double Quar- \[ 
 tan, (F.) Double quarte, is one in which one I; 
 paroxysm occurs on the third and another on the j 
 second day, so that there is only one day of apy- I 
 rexia and two of paroxysms in succession; — the 1 
 paroxysms of every fourth day resembling each i 
 other. A Triple Quartan is one in which there i 
 is a paroxysm every day ; and on every three 
 days the paroxysms correspond. A redoub' ling , 
 or repeat'ing quartan, (F.) Fievre quarte donhlee, 
 is one in which there are two paroxysms every ! 
 fourth dav. See Intermittent. | 
 
 QUARTANUS REMITTEES, Tetartophia. 
 
 QUARTA'RIUS. An ancient measure, equal I 
 to one-fourth of the sextarius. See Weights and | 
 Measures. 
 
 QUARTE, Quartan. 
 
 QUARTERON, see Mulatto — q. Black, see 
 Mulatto. 
 
 QUARTIO, Astraealus. 
 
 QUARTI-STERNAL, Quadristema'lis. The 
 fourth osseous portion of the sternum, correspond- 
 ing to the fourth intercostal space. — Beclard. 
 
 QUASSATIO, Conquassation. 
 
 QUASSATURA, Conquassation. 
 
 QUAS'SIA, Q. ama'ra seu excel'sa, Pierce'- 
 va excel'sa, Fehrif'ngum lignum, Qna^sy, Lofty 
 Jiittericood Tree, Bitter-ash, (F.) Quassie, Bois 
 amer. Ord. Simarubaceae. A West India tree, from 
 which is obtained the Lignum QuassitB, Quassia 
 (Ph.U. S.) It is an intensely durable bitter, without 
 astringency ; and has been employed as a tonic 
 and stomachic. It is generally given in the form 
 of infusion. The bitter principle is called Qnassin. 
 
 Quassia SurAHOu'BA, Simarouba, Simam'ba, 
 S. offieina'lis, Euon'ymus, Bitter Simaruba, Jfonn- 
 tain Damson. The bark of the root, Simam'ba, 
 (Ph. U. S.), is bitter, and not unpleasant. Both 
 water and alcohol extract its virtues. It is not 
 astringent. It is exhibited wherever a simple 
 tonic is required. 
 
 QUASSIN. see Quassia. 
 
 QUATERXIO, Astragalus. 
 
 QUATRE E PICES, see Myrtus pimenta. 
 
 QUATRIO, Astragalus. 
 
 QUEASINESS. Nausea. 
 
 QUEEN OF THE MEADOW, SpirEea lobata 
 — q. of the Prairie, Spiraea ulmaria. 
 
 QUEEN'S DELIGHT, Stillingia — q. Root, 
 Stillineia. 
 
 QUELLES, Elixir. 
 
 QUENOUILLE D'EAU, Typha latifolia. 
 
 QUERCERA. Epialos. 
 
 QUERCIXI HERBA, Lichen plicatus. 
 
 QUERCULA MINOR, Teucrium chamajdrys. 
 
 QUERCUS ALBA, White Oak; Quercus 
 ROBUB, Common Oak ; Q. Tinctq'ria, Black 
 Oak ; Q. rubra moxta'na, Red Oak or Spanish 
 Oak. Ord. Cupuliferffi. Sex. Syst. Moncecia 
 Polyandria; (F.) Chine. The bark of all these 
 varieties is, probably, alike in medicinal proper- 
 ties. It is powerfully astringent and tonic, and 
 has been used internally in intermittents, and ex- 
 ternally in decoction, as an astringent wash, where 
 such is indicated. 
 
 Acorns, Ceces, Knees Quercus, (F.) Glands, 
 were at one time much used as food ; and a de- 
 coction of them was once recommended in dys- 
 entery and diarrhoea, in glandular obstructions, 
 <fec. A pessary made of them has been advised 
 in immoderate flow of the menses. They are not 
 now used. 
 
 QuERrus Ixfecto'rta. A tree of Asia Minor, 
 which affords Ttu-key or Nut Galls, GalleB Tur'- 
 cicrn seu Querci'ncB seu Tincto'ricB, Ji'ux GallcB, 
 Galla max'ima orhicula'ta, Cicis, Cassenoles, Gal- 
 l(P., Galla. Gall-nut, (F.) Noix de Galle. Galle de 
 chine. The nut-gall— Galla (Ph. U. S.) — is a 
 morbid protuberance or tubercle, produced by 
 the puncture of the Diplo'lepis seu Cynipis Galla 
 Tincto'rice, Cynips Quercus folii. It is powerfully 
 astringent and tonic, and has been employed in 
 diarrhoea, intestinal hemorrhage, and intermit-, 
 tents : but is chiefly used, externally, in gargles 
 and injections. The powder, made into an oint- 
 ment with lard, is used in piles. The ordinary 
 nutgalls of the shops are procured from the Le- 
 vant. The large Mecca or Bussorah galls, at 
 times called Dead Sea apples, 3/ad appAes and 
 apples of Sodom, are produced on Quercus in- 
 fectoria. 
 
 There are upwards of thirty species of oak in 
 the United States, all of which are probably more 
 or less astringent and tonic. 
 
 Quercus Coccifera, see Kermes — q. Marina^ 
 Fucus vesiculosus — q. Suber, see Suber. 
 
 QUERQUERA, Epialos. 
 
 QUEUE DE CHEVAL, Eippuris vulgaris 
 Cauda equina, see Medulla spinalis — q. de la 
 Moelle epiniere, Cauda equina — q. de Pourceau, 
 Peucedanum — q. de Rat. Slum lunare. 
 
 QUICK-IN-THE-HAND, Impatiens. 
 
 QUICKEN TREE, Sorbus acuparia. 
 
 QUICK'ENING, from Sax. c>iccan, 'to make 
 alive.' The period of gestation when the motion 
 of the foetus first becomes perceptible. This 
 usually occurs about the eighteenth week, and 
 was at one time erroneously believed to mark the 
 time at which the foetus becomes alive — Anima'- 
 tio f(£tus. It need scarcely be said, that it pos- 
 sesses the principle of life from the moment of 
 the union of the materials furnished by the sexes 
 as a fecundating copulation. When the motion 
 is felt, the female is said to be 'quick with child.' 
 
 QUICKENS, Triticum repens. 
 
 QUICKLIME, Calx viva. 
 
 QUICKSILVER, Hydrargyrum. 
 
 QUIES, Acinesia. 
 
 QUINA, Quinine — q. de Campo, Stryehnos 
 pseudo-china — q. Quina, Cinchona. 
 
 QUIN^ ACETAS, SULPHAS, &c., see Qui- 
 niae Acetas, &c. 
 
 QUINCE, Scrofula, see Pyrus cydonia — q. 
 Tree, Pyrus cydonia. 
 
 QUINIA, Quinine — q. Acetate of, Quiniae acetas 
 — q. Amorphous, see Quinia, extract of, and Chini- 
 oidine — q. Arseniate of, Quinise arsenias — q. and 
 Cinchonia, tannate of, Quinise et Cinchoniffi tan- 
 nas — q. Arsenite of, Quiniae arsenis — q. Citrate 
 of, Quinise citras. 
 
 QuixiA, Extract of, Qui'nia sxdphas impu'rus. 
 A preparation which consists in evaporating the 
 liquor poured off the crystals of sulphate of quinia, 
 to the consistence of a pilular mass. 
 
 It has the properties of sulphate of quinia, and 
 its active principle appears to be amorphous 
 quinia or chinioidine. Twenty-four grains will 
 generally arrest ague. 
 
 Quinia, Fereocyanate, of, Quiniae ferrocyanas 
 — q. Hj'driodate of, Quini* hydriodas — q. Im- 
 pure sulphate of, Quinia, extract of — q. lodhy- 
 drate of, Quinise hydriodas — q. Iodide of, Quinia 
 hydriodas— q. Iodide of iodhydrate of, see Quinise 
 hydriodas — q. loduret of, Quinise hydriodas — q. 
 and Iron, Hydriodate of, see Quinia, Iodide of 
 Iodhydrate of — q. Lactate of, Quinise lactas — q. 
 and Mercury, protochloride of, Hydrargyri et 
 Quinise Protochloridum — q. Muriate of, Quinise 
 murias — q. Nitrate of, Quinise nitras — q. Phos- 
 phate of, Quinise phosphas — q. Sulphate of, Qui- 
 nine, sulphate of. 
 
QUINI.E ACETAS 
 
 783 
 
 QUININE 
 
 QUFNI^ ACE'TAS, CM'mum ace'licum, Ace'- 
 tas Chi'nii seu Chini'ni seu Chi'nicus seu Qui'niet 
 seu Qinnm seu Qnini'ni seu Kini'ni, Quina ace'- 
 tica, Acetate <if Qid'nia or of Quinine. Prepared 
 by saturating Quinia with diluted acetic acid. 
 Has the properties of the other salts of Quinia. 
 
 Quinia Arsen'ias, Quini'nas seu Qtji'ticB Ar- 
 sen'ins, Vkini'num Arsenico'sum seu Arsenic"icum, 
 Arsenintc of Quinia or of Quina or of Quinine, 
 (F.) Arfiniate de quinine. Formed by the union 
 of arsenic acid and quinia. Employed as an 
 antiperiodic in the dose of from three quarters 
 of a grain to a grain and a half in the twenty- 
 four hours. 
 
 QiiiNIJE Ar'senis, Q. JDiar'senis, Ar'senite of 
 Qui'nia. A salt resulting from the double de- 
 composition of arseniate of jjotuBsa and sulphate 
 of quinia. It has been used in chronic cutaneous 
 diseases ; and as an antiperiodic in ague, neu- 
 ralgia, &c. Dose, one-third of a grain, three 
 times a day. 
 
 Quinia Citras, Quince sen Chini'ni citras, 
 Citras chi'nicug seu qni'nicus, Chi'nium seu Chi- 
 ni'num Ci'tricum, Citrate of Quinia of Quina or 
 of Quinine. Formed from the union of citric 
 acid and quinia. It has the same properties as 
 the sulphate. 
 
 Quinia et Cincho'ni^ Tannas, Chini'num seu 
 Chi'nium tan'nicvm, Tannate of Quinia and Cin- 
 cho'nia. This salt has the same properties as the 
 salts of quinia in general. 
 
 Quinia Diarsenis, Quiniae Arsenis. 
 Quinia Ferrocy'anas, Chi'nium ferrocyano- 
 gena'tum s&xx ferrohydrocynn'icum, Ferrocy' anate 
 or hydrocyanoferrate of Quinia or of Quinine. 
 This salt is obtained by the decomposition oi snl- 
 phate of quinia by means of a solution of ferro- 
 cyanuret of potassium. It has all the properties 
 of sulphate of quinia, and, according to some, in 
 a superior degree. 
 
 QijINIjE Hydri'odas, Chini'num hydriod'icum, 
 Jfydriodate or lodhydrafe of Quinia ; called, also, 
 lodure'tum seu lod'idum Qui'nia, Jod'uret or 
 I'odide of Qui'nia, (F.) Hydriodate ou lodhydrate 
 ou lodure de Quinine. This is formed by precipi- 
 tating sulphate of quinia by means of iodide of 
 potassium. Given in scrofulous affections ; half 
 a grain to a grain, three times a day, to a child. 
 
 An iodide and a hiniodide have been formed ; 
 the latter made by mixing double the quantity 
 of the iodide of potassium with the sulphate of 
 quinia. 
 
 An Iodide of Iodhy'drate op Qui'nia, (F.) 
 lodure d' lodhydrate de Quinine, is prepared by 
 pouring into an acid solution of quinia a solution 
 of iodide of iron, containing a slight e.xcess of 
 iodine. The precipitate is treated with boiling 
 alcohol : the liquor filtered, and crystals suffered 
 to form. The salt possesses all the properties of 
 the other salts of quinia. Under the name, Hy- 
 driodate of iron and Quinia, a preparation has 
 been introduced by Mr. Battley. It is possessed 
 of tonic and antiperiodic virtues. 
 
 Quinia Iodidtjm, Quiniae hydriodas — q. lodu- 
 retuMi, Quiniae hydriodas. 
 
 QniNi^ Lactas, Quina lactas, Chini'num lac'- 
 ticum, Lactate of Qui'nia or of Quinine, (F.) 
 Lactate de quinine. Made by the action of lactic 
 acid on quinia. Used in the same cases as the 
 other salts of quinia. 
 
 Qui'nia Md'rias, Chi'nium muriat'icum seu 
 sali'tum seu hydrochlo'ricum, Ifu'rias chi'nicus. 
 Muriate of Quinia or of Quinine. May be pre- 
 pared by dissolving quinia in dilute muriatic acid. 
 Given as an antiperiodic. Dose, half a grain to 
 a grain. 
 
 Quinia Nitras, Chi'nium seu Chini'num ni'- 
 tricum, Nitrate of Quinia or of Quinine, (F.) 
 Nitrate ou Azotate de quinine. May be formed 
 
 by the addition of nitric acid to quinia. Its pro- 
 perties are those of the sulphate of quinia. 
 
 QuinIjE PhosphaS, Chi'nium seu Chini'num 
 phosphor'icum, Phospihate of Quinia or of Qui- 
 nine ; may be prepared by the addition of dilute 
 phosphoric acid to quinia. It is thought by many 
 to be next to the sulphate of quinia in its remedial 
 powers. 
 
 QuiNivE Sulphas, Quinine, sulphate of. 
 QuinIjE Valeria'nas, Chini'num seu Chi'nium 
 Valerian' icum. Valerianate of Quinia, of Quina, 
 or of Quinine; may be formed by the union of 
 valerianic acid with quinia. It has the proper- 
 ties of the salts of quinia. 
 
 QUI'NICINE, Quinici'na, Quinic"ia. When 
 a salt of quinia is exposed to heat with certain 
 precautions, the alkaloid is changed into another 
 isomeric with it, to which this name has been 
 given. 
 
 Quinieine, and its sulphate, possess the same 
 medical properties as quinia and its salts. Dose, 
 gr. V to gr. XV. 
 
 QUINID'IA, Quinidi'na, Qiii'nidine, Chi'ni- 
 dine, Cin'chotin. An alkaloid of the cinchonas 
 — of many of the genuine at least — obtained from 
 them by the same process as that by which quinia 
 is obtained from the barks that yield it. Its sul- 
 phate is more soluble however than the sulphate 
 of quinia, and it is left, therefore, in the mother 
 waters. 
 
 The salts of quinidia are markedly antiperiodic. 
 From gr. x to gr. xxx will usually arrest a pa- 
 roxysm. 
 
 QUININE, Qui'nia, Quina, Kini'num, Ki'ni- 
 um, Sal essentia'le cor'ticis Peruvia'ni, Chini'num, 
 Quinina. An alkaline, uncrystallizable sub- 
 stance ; under the form of a porous, whitish mass ; 
 almost insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and 
 ether. It forms, with acids, salts that are in gen- 
 eral soluble. It is obtained from different cin- 
 chonas, but chiefly from the yellow, and is the 
 active principle of those valuable drugs. 
 
 Quinine, Acetate of, Quiniae acetas — q. Ar- 
 seniate of, Quiniae arsenias — q. Arsenite of, Qui- 
 niae arsenis — q. Azotate of, Quiniae nitras — q. 
 Citrate of, Quiniae citras — q. Ferrocyanate of, 
 Quinise ferrocyanas — q. Hydriodate de, Quiniae 
 hydriodas — q. lodhydrate de, Quiniae hydriodas 
 — q. Iodide of, Quiniae hydriodas — q. lodure de, 
 Quiniae hydriodas — q. lodure d'iodhydrnte de, 
 Quinia, iodide of lodhydrate of — q. Lactate of, 
 Quinise lactas — q. Muriate of, Quiniae murias — q. 
 Nitrate of, Quiniae nitras — q. Phosphate of, Qui- 
 niae phosphas. 
 
 Quinine, Quina or Quinia. Sulphate of, Qui- 
 nicB seu Qui'n(p. seu Quini'nce Sulphas, Quince 
 Disul'phas, Chi'nium seu Chini'num Suljjhu'ri- 
 cum, (F.) Sulfate de Quinine — the salt usually 
 employed in medicine — occurs in needles of a 
 pearly and satiny appearance. It is employed 
 with great success in the treatment of intermit- 
 tents ; and is available in many cases, where the 
 bark in substance could not be retained, or would 
 be injurious. Dose, as a tonic from 3 to 10 grains 
 in the 24 hours. As an antiperiodic it may be 
 carried much farther. Its action, in a large dose, 
 is decidedly sedative. It is obtained, by treating 
 the yellow bark with sulphuric acid. The follow- 
 ing form is adopted in the Pharmacopoeia of the 
 United States, — Cinehon.flav. in pulv. crass. Ibiv; 
 Acid, muriat. f ,f iij : Calcis, in pulv. ^v; Aqnce, 
 cong. v; Acid. Sulphur., Alcohol; Carhon. ani- 
 mal, aa q. s. Boil the bark in one-third of the 
 water mixed with one-third of the muriatic 
 acid, and strain through linen. Boil the residue 
 twice successively with the same quantity of acid 
 and water as before, and strain. Mix the decoc- 
 tions, and, while the liquor is hot, gradually add 
 the lime, previously mixed with two pints of 
 
QUININISM 
 
 EACHIDIAN 
 
 water, stirring constantly, until the quinia is com- 
 pletely precipitated. Wash the precipitate with 
 distilled water, and having pressed and dried it, 
 digest it in boiling alcohol. Pour oif the liquor 
 and repeat the digestion several times, until the 
 alcohol is no longer rendered bitter. Mix the 
 liquors, and distil off the alcohol, until a brown 
 viscid mass remains. Upon this substance, re- 
 moved from the vessel, pour about half a gallon 
 of distilled water, and having heated the mixture 
 to the boiling point, add as much sulphuric acid 
 as may be necessary to dissolve the impure alkali. 
 Then add an ounce and a half of animal charcoal; 
 boil for two minutes ; filter the liquor while hot, 
 and set it aside to crystallize. Should the liquor, 
 before filtration, be entirely neutral, acidulate it 
 very slightly with sulphuric acid. Should it, on 
 the contrary, change the colour of litmus paper 
 to a bright red, add more animal charcoal. Sep- 
 arate the crystals from the liquor, dissolve them 
 in boiling water slightly acidulated with sulphu- 
 ric acid, add a little animal charcoal, filter and 
 set aside to crystallize. Wrap the crystals in 
 bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle heat. The 
 mother-waters may be made to yield an additional 
 quantity of sulphate of quinia by precipitating 
 the quinia with solution of ammonia, and treating 
 the precipitated alkali with water, sulphuric acid, 
 and animal charcoal, as before. 
 
 Quinine, Tannate of, Quinise et cinehoniae 
 tannas — q. Valerianate of, Quinise valerianas. 
 
 QUr'NINISM, Qaininis'mus, Quinism, Oin'- 
 chonism, (F.) Inebriation ou Ivresse quiniqne. The 
 aggregate of encephalic or neuropathic pheno- 
 mena induced by over-doses of quinia. 
 
 QUINOIDINE, Chinioidine. 
 
 QUINQUEFOLIUM, Potentilla reptans — 
 Quinquefoliura majus, Potentilla reptans. 
 
 QUINQUINA, Cinchona— y. Aromatique, Cro- 
 ton casearilla — q. Bicolor, Cinchonas Caribseffi 
 cortex — q. Faux de Virginie, Cusparia febrifuga 
 — q. Gria de Loxa, Cinchonse lancifolias cortex — 
 
 q. Jaime, Cinchonas cordifoliae cortex — q. Orange, 
 Cinchonse lancifolise cortex — q. Piton, Cinchonae 
 CaribaeEe cortex — q. Rouge, Cinchonse oblongifo- 
 liae cortex. 
 
 QUINQUINO, Myroxylon peruiferum. 
 
 QUINSY, Cynanche, C. tonsillaris — q. Nervous, 
 Angone — q. Wolf, Lycanehe. 
 
 QUINTAN, Fehris quinta'na seu pempfw'a seu 
 qniuta; from quintus, 'a fifth.' A fever whose 
 paroxysms return only every five days inclu- 
 sively ; and between which there are, conse- 
 quently, three days of apyrexia. 
 
 QUINTE, (F.) This word Is used synony- 
 mously with paroxysm or fit, when speaking of 
 cough, — as nne Quinte de Toiix — ' a fit of cough- 
 ing/ (Sc.) Kink. Also, the influenza. 
 
 QUJNTEFEUILLE, Potentilla reptans. 
 
 QUINTERON, see Mulatto — q. black, see 
 Mulatto. 
 
 QUINTES, see Quinte, and Pertussis. 
 
 QUINTES'SENCE, Qainta Essen' tia. A name 
 formerly given to alcohol, impregnated with the 
 principles of some drug. It was, consequently, 
 often synonymous with Alcohol'ic tincture. The 
 most volatile principles of bodies were, alsQ, 
 called Quiutes'sences. 
 
 QUINTISTERN'AL. The fifth osseous por- 
 tion of the sternum. It corresponds to the 5th 
 and 6th intercostal spaces. 
 
 QUINUA, Chenopodium quinoa. 
 
 QUOTID'IAN, Qnotidia'nus, Ephe'mertis, (F.) 
 Quotidien — itself from quotidie, 'daily.' That 
 which takes place every day. 
 
 Quotid'ian Fever, Q. ague, Fehris quotidia'na 
 seu hemere'sia seu heme'rina seu ephe'mera seu 
 metheme'rinasenmethe7)ie'ria,An'etusquiitidia'nu8, 
 Cathe'merus, Cathemer'inus, Methemer'inos, Am- 
 phemer' inos, Amphimer'inns, Amphe'merus, Quo- 
 iidia'nns, (P.) Fievre quotidienne, is an intermit- 
 tent, the paroxysms of which recur every day. 
 
 A simple, double, or triple quotidian, is a quo- 
 tidian, which has one, two, or three paroxysms in 
 '' the 24 hours. 
 
 E. 
 
 R or R is placed at the commencement of a 
 prescription, as a contraction of Iiec"ipe. (See 
 Abbreviation.) Originally, it was the sign % of 
 Jupiter, and was placed at the top of a formula, 
 to propitiate the king of the gods, that the com- 
 pound might act favorably. 
 
 RABDOIDES, (SUTURA,) Sagittal suture. 
 
 RABID, Rah'idus, (P.) Rabiqne, Rahieique, 
 from rabies, (rabo, '1 am mad or furious,') 
 'canine madness.' That which belongs to hy- 
 drophobia ; as rabid virus, &c. Rabid also means 
 affected with hydrophobia, (F.) Enrage. 
 
 RABIEIQUE, Rabid. 
 
 RABIES CANINA, Hydrophobia. 
 
 RABIQUE, Rabid. 
 
 RACAHOUT, Am'yhim quer'neum. A name 
 given by the Arabs to the starch prepared from 
 an edible acorn obtained from Quercus Ilex, but, 
 according to Plngge, the so called Racnhout of 
 the Arabs, sold in Paris, is a compound of 
 potatoe starch, chocolate, and aromatics, — as 
 vanilla. 
 
 RACCOON BERRY, Podophyllum montanum. 
 
 RACE, from radice, abl. of radix, ' root,' breed. 
 The union or aggregate of individuals whose con- 
 
 formation or particular condition differs percep- 
 tibly from those of neighbouring varieties. In 
 the human species, several races are designated. 
 See Homo. 
 
 RACE3IEUX, Racemosus. 
 
 RACEMO'SUS, Rac"emou8, Rac"emose, (F.) 
 Racemeux. In clusters, like grapes. 
 
 RAC'EMUS. A cluster — as of grapes. 
 
 RACHAMEL'CA, from Hebr. Dm (reckem), 
 ' the womb,' and "170 (molecJi), ' a king :' Recha- 
 mal'ca. A peculiar formative principle, supposed, 
 by Dolseus, to exist in the uterus. 
 
 RACHE, Porrigo. 
 
 RACHIiEI, Rhachitse. 
 
 RACHIALGIA, Colic, metallic, Rhachiodynia, 
 Vertebral disease— r. Mesenterica, Tabes mesen- 
 terica — r. Pictoniensium, Colic, metallic — r. Pic- 
 tonum. Colic, metallic. 
 
 RACHIALGIE MESENTERIQUE, Tabes 
 mesenterica.. 
 
 RACHIALGITIS, Rhachialgitis. 
 
 RACHIDIAN, Spinal.— r. Arteries, Spinal ar- 
 teries — r. Bulb, see Medulla oblongata — r. Canal, 
 Vertebral canal. 
 
RAGRIDIEN 
 
 RADIALIS 
 
 RACBWIEN, Spinal. 
 
 RACIIIOPHYMA, Rachiphyma. 
 
 RACHIPHY'MA, Rhachiphy'ma, EachiopJiy- 
 ma, Tumor Dorsi, from 'pa;^!?, 'the spine,' and 
 c^vfix, ' a tumour.' A tumour on the spine or on 
 the back. 
 
 RACHIS, Vertebral column. 
 
 RACHIS'AGRA, JihacJiis'afjra, It},ach'iagra, 
 Jihach'eagra, RhacMd'agra, Rhaclii' lis spina'lis, 
 from 'pa;^;if, 'the spine,' and ayga, 'a seizure.' A 
 gouty or rheumatic aflfection of the spine. 
 
 RACHITiE, Rhachitse. 
 
 RACHIT'IC, Rachit'icus, RkacMt'icua, (F.) 
 Rachitique. Same etymon as the next. Re- 
 lating or appertaining to, or affected with rickets. 
 Weak, feeble in the joints; defective in develop- 
 ment. 
 
 RACHI'TIS, Rkachi'tis, from 'paxa, 'the 
 spine,' and itis, a suiBx denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the spine. Also, Cyrto'sis Ra'- 
 chia, Cyrton'osus, Morbus Ang' iicits, Osteomala'cia 
 Iiifnn'ti(m,Tahes pector'ea ; Innutritio ossium, Spi- 
 ?ta nodo'sa, Raehitia'mus, English disease, Rickets ; 
 from 'pa'y(^ig, 'the spine,' (F.) Rachitisme, Nouure. 
 A disease characterized by crookedness of the 
 long bones; swelling of their extremities; crooked 
 spine; prominent abdomen ; large head; and often 
 precocity of intellect. It is accompanied by lean- 
 ness, general debility, indigestion ; and frequently 
 induces atrophy and hectic. Rickets occurs, par- 
 ticularly, during the first years of existence, in 
 weakly children, born of rickety or scrofulous 
 parents ; brought up in damp or confined situa- 
 tions ; who are badly nourished, and do not take 
 suflScient exercise. The progress and termination 
 of the disease are very variable. Some children 
 gradually recover their health : others become 
 more and more deformed, and ultimately die of 
 consumption, dropsy, or other organic disease. 
 The treatment is almost wholly hi/gienic. Pure 
 air; a healthy situation ; nourishing diet; exer- 
 cise ; sea or common cold bathing, and tonics, 
 afford the best prospect of success. 
 
 Rachitis Adultorum, Mollities ossium. 
 
 RACHITISME, Rachitis. 
 
 RAOHITOME, from payig, 'spine,' and Ttjivtiv, 
 'to cut.' An anatomical instrument for opening 
 the medullar spinalis without injuring the me- 
 dulla. 
 
 RACHO'SIS, Rhacho'sia, Raho'sis, from 'pavota, 
 or 'paKoa, 'I wrinkle.' A relaxation of the scro- 
 tum. Propto'ma seu lax' itas Scroti, Scrotum 
 pen'dulum. An excoriation of the relaxed scro- 
 tum. 
 
 RACINE A BECQUET, Geranium moseha- 
 tum — r. de Bengal, Cassumuniar — r. Bresilienne, 
 Ipecacuanha — r. de Charcis, Dorstenia contra- 
 yerva — r. de Chine, Smilax china — r. de Dracke, 
 Dorstenia contrayerva — r. des Philij^jnnes, Dor- 
 stenia contrayerva — r. de Safran, Curcuma longa 
 — r. de Saint Esprit, Angelica — r. Salivaire, An- 
 themis pyrethrum — r. de Turbeth, Convolvulus 
 turpethum. 
 
 RACINE S BU CERVELET, Corpora resti- 
 formia. 
 
 RACLURES DES BOYAUX, Ramenta in- 
 testinorum. 
 
 BACORNISSEMENT (F.), from racomir, 
 {cornu, 'horn,') 'to make hard as horn.' Cor'- 
 tiification. A physical property, possessed by 
 animal substances, which consists in a kind of 
 contractility, accompanied with sudden corruga- 
 tion and curling. It is produced by heat, and by 
 chemical agents, especially by the strong mineral 
 acids. 
 
 RADCLIFFE'S ELIXIR, see Tinctura aloes 
 composita. 
 
 RADESYGE, Radzyge. 
 
 RADEZYGE, Radzyge. 
 60 
 
 RADIAD, see Radial aspect. 
 
 RA'DIAL, Radia'lis, from radius, 'a. bone of 
 the forearm.' That which relates to the radius. 
 
 RADIAL ANTERIEUR, Palmaris magnus. 
 
 Radial Artery, A. extern' a Cu'hiii. It arises 
 from the brachial, at the upper and anterior part 
 of the forearm; descends on the outer side as far 
 as the lower part of the radius, and proceeds 
 downwards and backwards towards the superior 
 extremity of the space which separates the first 
 two metacarpal bones. It then buries itself in 
 the palm of the hand, where it forms the 737-0- 
 found or radial palmar arch. The radial artery 
 gives off the recurrent radial, several radio-mus- 
 cular branches, ihetransversejyalmarradio-carprd 
 artery, the external sujyerjicial artery of the palm 
 of the hand, 'the external dorsal of the thumb, the 
 dorsalia carpi, dorsal interosseous artery of the 
 index, &c. 
 
 Radial Aspect. An aspect towards the side 
 on which the radius is situated. — Barclay. Ra- 
 diad is used by the same writer, adverbially, to 
 signify 'towards the radial aspect.' 
 
 RADIAL EXTERNE PRETTIER, see Ra- 
 dialis — r. Externe second, see Radialis — r. Grand, 
 see Radialis. 
 
 Radial Nerve, Radio-digital (Ch.), Spiral 
 Nerve, Spiral muscular N., Mu8culo-s2nral nerve, 
 arises from the four inferior branches of the bra- 
 chial plexus. It is, at first, ^situate behind the 
 other nerves of the plexus. Ir«-ti^en becomes en- 
 gaged between the three portions of the triceps 
 brachialis, passes behind the humerus, and de- 
 scends between the supinator longus and bra- 
 chialis internus, as far as opposite the upper ex- 
 tremity of the radius. In its course it gi\'^es nu- 
 merous filaments to the triceps, supinator longus, 
 extensor carpi radialis longior, and to the inte- 
 guments. Opposite the upper extremity of the 
 radius it divides into two branches; — the one 
 ■posterior, which turns backwards into the sub- 
 stance of the supinator brevis, and when it has 
 reached the space between the two layers of 
 muscles on the posterior surface of the forearm, 
 divides into a great number of filaments, which 
 are distributed to those muscles, and to the inte- 
 guments of the hand. The other branch is ante- 
 rior : it descends before the supinator brevis and 
 the radius ; until, near the inferior third of that 
 bone, it engages itself between the tendons of the 
 supinator longus and extensor carpi radialis lon- 
 gior; and, becoming afterwards subcutaneous, 
 divides into two branches, whose filaments are 
 distributed to the integuments of the thumb, 
 index, middle finger, to the outside of the ring 
 finger, and to the first interosseous muscle of the 
 back of the hand. 
 
 RADIAL PETIT, see Radialis. 
 
 Radial Veins, Deep-Seated, follow the same 
 course as the radial artery. 
 
 RADIA'LIS EXTER'NUS BRE'VIOR, Ex- 
 ten'sor Carpi Radialis Bre'vior, RadiaJia secun- 
 dua, (F.) Second radial externe, Petit radial, 
 Epicondylo-aua-metacarpien, (Ch.) An extensor 
 muscle of the wrist, situate beneath the extensor 
 carpi radialis longior. It is attached, above, to 
 the external tuberosity of the humerus, and ter- 
 minates below, by a long tendon, inserted into 
 the posterior part of the upper extremity of the 
 third bone of the metacarpus. It has the same 
 uses as the next muscle. 
 
 Radia'lis Exter'nus Lon'gior, Extensor 
 Carpi Radia'lis Lon'gior, Radialis externus pri- 
 mus, (F.) Premier radial externe. Grand radial, 
 Humero sus-metacarpien, (Ch.) It is seated at 
 the outer part of the forearm; is thin, but thicker 
 on the outside than on the inside. It is attached, 
 above, to the inferior part of the outer edge, and 
 
RADIATED 
 
 ■86 
 
 RAIDEUR 
 
 to the corresponding tuberosity, of the humerus; I' ttilerosUy or eminence for the insertion of the 
 and terminates, below, by a long tendon, which i; biceps. The radius is articulated, above, with 
 is attached to the superior extremity of the second \< the os humeri and with the lesser sigmoid cavity 
 
 of the ulna : below, with the seaphoides, seniUu. 
 nare, and the head of the ulna. Its inferior ex- 
 tremity, which is larger than the superior, is idat- 
 tened before and behind : is irregularly quadri- 
 lateral ; and has, below, a double faeette to bj 
 articulated with the first two bones of the carpurs. 
 On the outer side is the styloid process; and, on 
 the inner, a concave faeette, which joins the ulni 
 Behind, are grooves for the passage of the eiteii ■ 
 sor tendons. The radius is developed frora thTe-=! 
 points of ossification; one for the body, and ohk. 
 for each extremity. 
 
 RADrVS, COL DU, Collum radii. 
 RA'DIX, genitive, radicis, Khiza. A root: 
 also, the male organ. 
 
 Radix, Root or fang of a tooth, is the part con- 
 tained in the alveolus. The radix or raat of the 
 nail is the portion hidden under the skia, &c. 
 Surgeons give the name to prolongations, cont by 
 scirrhous, cancerous, or other tumours into the 
 neighbouring parts. 
 
 Five Aperient Roots, Quinqne radi'ccs ajye- 
 Radicide« vascuhiires, are the small vessels that j- rien'fes, were, of old, asparagus, butchers' broom, 
 take their origin in the tissues, and by their i fennel, parsley, and smallage. 
 
 bone of the metacarpus. It extends the hand on 
 the forearm. 
 
 fiADiALis ExTERNUs Primus, R. Externus 
 longior — r. Extensor lougior, R. Externus lon- 
 gior — r. Internus, Palmaris magnus — r. Secuudus, 
 R. Externus longior. 
 
 RAD'IATED, Radia'tus, from radius, 'a ray ;' 
 (¥.) Rayoune. That which is arranged in rays ; 
 in lines, diverging from a common centre. An 
 epithet given to several ligaments, <tc. : as to 
 those which unite the ribs to the sternum: those 
 which unite the tibia and fibula at their inferior 
 extremity, &c. 
 
 Radiated Substance of the Kidney, see 
 Kidney. 
 
 RAD'ICAL, Radica'lis, from radix, radicis, 
 ' a root.' A radical cure, cura radica'lis, is one 
 in which the disease is destroyed, as it were, frora 
 the root. It is used in opposition to palliative 
 cure, 
 
 Radicai, Moisture, Humidum radicale. 
 
 Radical Vessels, Vas'cuhir Rad'icles, (F.) ii 
 
 union form larger vessel 
 
 RADICES OSSIS HYOIDEI, Cornua ossis 
 hyoidei. 
 
 RADICIS'ECA, from radix, radicis, 'a root,' 
 and seco.re, 'to cut.' One employed in collecting 
 and preparing plants was formerly so called. 
 RADICULA, Raphanus hortensis. 
 RADIOULES VASCULAIRES, Radical ves- 
 sels. 
 
 RADII CILIARES, Ciliary processes. 
 Radii Frostis. The folds or wrinkles of the 
 forehead. 
 
 RA'DIO, from radius. In composition, re- 
 lating or belonging to the radius, a bone of the 
 forearm. 
 
 Radio-Carpal. Radio-carpia' nus. That which 
 relates to the radius and carpus. 
 
 Radio-Carpal Articulation is the icrist joint, 
 or articulation of the os seaphoides, os semilunare, 
 and OS cuneiforrae of the carpus with the inferior 
 surface of the radius, and the fibro-cartilage, situ- 
 ate below the ulna. It is strengthened by lateral, 
 anterior, and posterior ligaments. 
 
 Radiocarpal Transverse Palmar Artery, 
 (F.) Artere Radio -earpienne-tronsversale-pal- 
 maire. A transverse branch, given off by the 
 radial artery, opposite the lower edge of the pro- 
 nator quadratus, which sends several branches to ; 
 the anterior or palmar surface of the carpus. \\ 
 
 RADIO CUTANE (XERF,) see Cutaneous— Jj 
 r. Phalaugettien da pioace. Flexor longus pollicis j[ 
 manus. fi 
 
 RADIOLUS, Sound. i 
 
 RADIO-MUS'CULAR. Rndio-muscvla'ris. A 
 name given to the branches sent off from the ra- 
 dial artery to the muscles of the forearm in the 
 first part of its course : as well as to the nervous 
 filaments which the radial nerve sends to the 
 same muscles. 
 
 RADfS, Raphanus hortensis — r. de ChevaJ, 
 Cochlearia armoracia. 
 
 RADISH, Raphanus hortensis — r. V/ater, JTas- 
 turtiura amphibium. 
 
 RADIUS, ' a spoke :' — so called from its shape. 
 Cercis. Fri<j"iie minus seu svperius, Canna minor, 
 Os ad cubita'le, Additamen'tum idncB, 3/anu'briiim 
 manus, Parape'chyon, Arun'do bra'eJiii minor, 
 (F.) Os du Rayon. A long, prismatic bone, the 
 upper and lesser extremity of which is called the 
 head. This is supported by a cervix or neck. 
 At the part where the neck is confounded with 
 the body of the bone is the tubercle or bicipital 
 
 Five Lesser Aperient Roots, Quinqne radi'ees 
 aperien' tes mino'res, were caper, dandelion, 
 eryngo, madder, and rest-harrow. 
 
 Radix Asclepiadis Crispa, see Gomphocar- 
 pus crispus — r. Braziliensis, Ipecacuanha. 
 
 Radix Cordis, Basis Cordis. The base of the 
 heart. 
 
 Radix Ginseng, see Panax quinquefolinm — r. 
 Indica Lopeziana, Lopez radix — r. liinguae, see 
 Tongue — r. Lopeziana, Lopez radix — r. Ninsi, 
 Panax schinseng, Slum ninsi — r. Rubra, Rubia — 
 r. Serpentum, see Ophiorrhiza mungos — r. Un- 
 guis, Nail, root of — r. Yentris, Umbilicus. 
 
 RADULA, Raspatorium. 
 
 RADZYGE, Radzygin, Rndesyge, Radezyge, 
 ThcB'ria, (properly Theria, from Qripiov, ['e\KOi,) 
 ' a malignant ulcer.') Lepra borea'lis seu Xor- 
 veg"ica, Norioe'gian Lep'rosy. A name given, in 
 Norway, to a disease, bearing considerable ana- 
 logy to the yaws. Some have esteemed it a spe- 
 cies of lepra or elephantiasis. 
 
 Another form — the Spcdalske, or Spedahl-hed 
 — of Norway, appears to be a variety of tuber- 
 cular lepra. Under the epithelial scales, numerous 
 acari have been found ; and the affection has been 
 called Sca'bies crusto'sa., and Sca'bies JS'orveg"ica 
 Boeck'ii, after Boeek, who well described a case 
 of it. 
 
 RAFFLE'SIA ARNOLD'L A plant of Java. 
 Order. Rafflesiaceffi, a decoction of which is em- 
 ployed there as an astringent in relaxed con- 
 ditions of the genito-urinary apparatus. 
 
 RAFRAlCHISSANT, Refrigerant. 
 
 RAGE, Ira, Furor brevis, Orge, Thynios, (F.) 
 Colere, Rage. Violent passion, characterized by 
 contraction of the muscles of the face, violence in 
 every movement, extreme irritation of the ner- 
 vous system, acceleration of the blood's motion, 
 and, generally, redness and swelling of the face. 
 
 Rage, Rhage. 
 
 RAGE, Hydrophobia, Rage. 
 
 RAGE DE TETE. An epidemic and fatal 
 malady, which prevailed in Friince in ]4S1. It 
 was presumed to be epidemic meningitis. 
 
 RAGWEED, Ambrosia elatior — r. Golden, 
 Senecio aureus — r. Great, Ambrosia trifida. 
 
 RAGAVORT, Senecio Jacobrra. 
 
 RATA BATIS, and R. CLAVATA, see Oleum 
 jecoris aselli. 
 
 RAIDEUR, Rigidity — r. Cadaverique, Rigor 
 mortis. 
 
RAIFORT 
 
 •87 
 
 RANDIA 
 
 RAIFORT, Raphanus hortensis — r. Sauvage, 
 Cochlearia armoracia. 
 
 RAINBOW WORM, Herpes iris. 
 
 RAINURE, Groove — r. Bigastrique, Mastoid 
 groove. 
 
 RAISIN, see Vitis vinifera — r. d'Amerique, 
 Phytolacca decandra — r, de Bois, Vaccinium 
 myrtillus — r. d'Ours, Arbutus uva ursi — r. de 
 Reitard, Paris. 
 
 RAISING-.^Expectoration. 
 
 RAISINIERE (F.), from raisin, 'a grape.' 
 A name given to a small granular, brownish or 
 blackish tumour, which forms occasionally at the 
 surface of the cornea, in consequence of ulcers or 
 accidental wounds of that membrane. — Nysten. 
 
 RAISINS, Uv« passse, see Vitus vinifera — r. 
 de Gorinthe, see Vitus Corinthiaca. 
 
 RAISON, Reason. 
 
 RAKASIRA. An American balsam; of a 
 brownish or brownish-red colour ; semi-transpa- 
 rent; brittle; softening and becoming tenacious 
 by heat; inodorous when cold, but exhaling a 
 very agreeable smell when heated; and possessing 
 a balsamic and slightly bitter taste. The precise 
 vegetable that furnishes it is not known. It has 
 been used chiefly as a balsam in gonorrhoea and 
 urinary affections. 
 
 RAKE-TEETH. A term, used in the North 
 of England for teeth which are wide apart, and 
 similar to those of a rake. 
 
 RAKIA, see Spirit. 
 . RAKOSIS, Rachosis. 
 
 RALE (F.), Rattle, Rhonchis, RhencJiue, 
 Rhenxis, from (D.) Ratel; Rhoncus, Cerchnus, 
 RJiogmos: (probably an example of onomatopoeia.) 
 Noise produced by the air in passing through 
 mucus, of which the lungs are unable to free 
 themselves. This condition is chiefly observed at 
 the approach of death, and is commonly called, 
 " the rattles." 
 
 The term Rdle has been given to different 
 sounds during respiration, caused by the air in 
 connection with fluid contained in the bronchi, 
 or areolae of the pulmonary tissue ; which are 
 perceived by the stethoscope. 
 
 RALE BRONCHIQUE SEC, Rdle sonore—r. 
 Bronchique humide, R. muqueiix — r. Caverneux, 
 Gurgling — r. Cavermdenx, see Gurgling — r. Cre- 
 pitaiit, Rhonchus crep'itans, see Crepitant — r. c. 
 Redux, see Crepitant. 
 
 RALE MUQUEUX, R. hroncTiiqve humide, 
 Rhon'ctis muco'sui, Hygrohronchiorrhon' eh us, Mu- 
 cous Rattle. The sound produced by the pas- 
 sage of air through mucus accumulated in the 
 larger bronchi or trachea, or through softened 
 tubercular matter. This rdle occurs in catarrh, 
 and in softened tubercle. When carried to a very 
 high degree, it constitutes gurgling, (F.) Gargou- 
 illement. The suhcrep'itant rhonchus, (F.) Rdle 
 sous-cr^jjitant, is produced by the bubbling of air 
 through liquid of variable consistence in the mi- 
 nute bronchial tubes. When heard at the base 
 of both lungs, it is a sign of capillary bronchitis. 
 When heard at one base only, it is generally con- 
 nected with tuberculosis higher up. 
 
 RALE sibilant, Rhon'ehus sib'ilus seu eih'- 
 ilnns, Sih'ilant Rattle. A slight, though pro- 
 longed, whistling sound, occurring either at the 
 commencement of inspiration, or of expiration, 
 owing to the presence of mucus, thin and viscid, 
 but not abundant, which obstructs, more or less 
 completely, the smaller bronchial ramifications. 
 It is seated in the small tubes, and occurs in the 
 first stage of bronchitis. The clicking and tohist- 
 ling varieties differ, in the former being short, 
 the latter prolonged. The former is a quick, 
 sharp sibilus or whistle, which ceases almost in- 
 
 stantaneously ; the latter a prolonged sibilus, of 
 less sharpness, lasting almost the whole time of 
 the movement which it accompanies. To these 
 may be added the hissing variety, the name sufiS- 
 ciently indicating its character. 
 
 Rale SONORE, R. bronchique sec ou ron- 
 flant, Rhonchus sono'rus, Sono'rous Rattle. A 
 sound resembling'at times the snoring — (F.) Ron- 
 flement — of a person asleep ; at others the sound 
 of the bass string of an instrument when rubbed 
 with the finger, and not unfrequently the cooing 
 — (F.) Roucoulement — of a dove. It seems to be 
 caused by a contraction of the bronchial tubes, 
 and is characteristic of chronic catarrh. 
 
 RALE SOUS-CREPITANT, see Rdle mu- 
 queiix — r. Vesiculaire, see Crepitation. 
 
 RAMEA U, Ramus. 
 
 RAMBERGE, Mercurialis. 
 
 RAMEN'TA INTESTINO'RUM, Scrapings 
 of the Intestines, (F.) Raclures des Boyaux. The 
 shreds or scrapings, as it were, of the mucous 
 membrane of the bowels, often discharged in ma- 
 lignant dysentery. The evacuation in which 
 these are contained has been texmeA Biachore' ma 
 xysmato'des. 
 
 RAMENTUM, Fragment, Scobs. 
 
 RAMEX, Hernia — r. Varicosus, Varicocele. 
 
 RAMIFICA'TION, Ramifica' tio, from ramus, 
 'a branch,' and^o, "to become.' A division of 
 arteries, veins, or nerves into branches. Also, a 
 branch itself. 
 
 RA3IILLE, Ramusculus. 
 
 RAM0LLISSE3IENT, IVIollities — r. du Cer- 
 veax, Mollities cerebri — r. du Cceur, Cardiomala- 
 cia — r. de VEstomac, Gastromalacia — r. du Foie, 
 Hepatomalacia — r. Gris. see Hepatization — r. de 
 la Moelle epiniire, Mollities medullae spinalis — 
 r. Rouge, see Hepatization — ;•. de Vlntestin, En- 
 tero-malacia — r. des Os, Mollities ossium. 
 
 RA3IPANT (F.), from ramper, 'to climb.' 
 Repjens, Rcptans. That which creeps or crawls. 
 The French Bandage rampant has the folds 
 arranged spirally around the part, leaving in- 
 tervals between them. It is a retentive ban- 
 dage, but is easily displaced, and, therefore, not 
 employed. 
 
 RAJrPES DU LUIAgON, Scalaj of the 
 cochlea. 
 
 RAMPHOS, Rostrum. 
 
 RAMULUS, Ramusculus. 
 
 RAMUNCIJLUS, Ramusculus. 
 
 RAMUS, Clados. a branch, (F.) Rameau. A 
 division of an artery, vein, or nerve. Also, the 
 male organ. 
 
 Ramus Dueior SErTur^ Conjugationis, Fa- 
 cial nerve. 
 
 RAMUS'CULUS, Ram'ulus, Ramun'culus, 
 Sur'culus, Cladis'cos, diminutive of ramus, ' a 
 branch.' A division of a ramus. (F.) Ramus- 
 cule. Ramille. 
 
 RANA ESCULEN'TA, 'esculent frog,' (F.) 
 Grenouille. This frog and the bull-frog, Rana 
 Tauri'na — are eaten as delicacies. They are 
 nutritious, and easily digested. 
 
 Rana, Ranula. 
 
 RANGE, Rancid. 
 
 RANCID, Ran'cidus, Sapros, (F.) Ranee, from 
 rancere, 'to be stale.' An epithet given to fatty 
 bodies, which have become acrid from age or the 
 contact of air. Mild ointments may thus become 
 very irritating, and unfit for the purposes for 
 which they were originally intended. 
 
 RAN'DIA DUMETO'RUM,^. Sinno'sa, Can'- 
 thiwn Corona'tum, Garden'ia seu Posoque'ria 
 Bnmeto'rum sen Sinno'sa. A Coromandel shrub; 
 Ord. Cinchonacae : the fruit of which, bruised 
 and thrown on the water, intoxicates, or even 
 
RANDIA SPINOSA 
 
 88 
 
 RAPPORT 
 
 hills fish. In the form of powder, it is a power- 
 ful emetic. 
 
 RANDIA SPINOSA, R. dumetorum. 
 
 P1.ANIXE, Eani'na; from liana, 'a frog.' 
 The termination of the lingual artery is so called ; 
 that is, the portion of the artery which advances 
 horizontally between the genio-glossus and lin- 
 gualis muscles as far as the point of the tongue. 
 The ranine vein follows the same course as the 
 artery, and opens into the internal jugular or in- 
 to the superior thyroid. 
 
 RAXTREE, Sorbus acuparia. 
 
 RAN'ULA, diminutive of rana, ' a frog,' so 
 .called from its resemblance ; Bijspha'gia lianula, 
 Umphrag'ma sah'va're, Ba'trnchos, Batra'chiiim, 
 Mydroglos'sa, Hypoglossis, Htjpriglossum, IJypo- 
 glot'tis, IIyp)oglos'sium, liana, Frog Tongue, (F.) 
 Grenouillette. A small, soft, fluctuating, and 
 semi-transparent tumour, which forms under the 
 tongue, owing to the accumulation of saliva in 
 Wharton's duct. In order to give exit to the ac- 
 cumulated fluid, and to establish a permanent 
 opening for the discharge of the saliva, the cyst 
 may be punctured, and the opening maintained 
 by a minute cylinder, with a button at each ex- 
 tremity, as has been recommended by Dupuj'- 
 tren ; or a portion of the cyst may be removed hj 
 the scissors, and the mouth be frequently washed 
 by any astringent lotion. Sometimes, the sali- 
 vary duct is found plugged by a small calculus. 
 
 Randla Lapidea, see Calculi, salivary. 
 
 RANUN'CULUS, (F.) Eenoncule, (So.) Yellow 
 goican, Orel. Ranunculaceas ; Sex. Syst. Polyan- 
 dria Polygynia. Diminutive oi rana, 'a frog,' be- 
 cause found in marshy places where frogs abound. 
 A genus of plants, most of the species of which, 
 when taken internally, act as acrid poisons. See 
 Poison. They are, also, acrid and vesicant, when 
 applied to the skin, and have accordingly been 
 often used as counter-irritants. The following 
 species answer to this description. 
 
 Rancmculus Abortitus, Small-flowered Crow- 
 foot, Chicken -pepjjer. 
 
 PtANrxcTJLus AcRis, B.prafen'sis seu Steven' ii 
 seu ru'fulus seu sylvat'icvs seu Sic'iilus, Upright 
 Meadow or Tall Crowfoot, Butter Cups, (Pro v.) 
 Graisey, Guilty Cups, Yellow-iceed, Blister-weed, 
 Pilewort, Burwort, Meadow-hloom, Yellows, (F.), 
 Bouton d'or. 
 
 Ranunculus Albus, Anemone nemorosa. 
 
 Ranunculus Aquaticus, H. sceleratus. 
 
 Ranunculus Bulbo'sus, R. IcBtus, Ranunculus 
 (Ph. U. S.), Bulbous or Bulbous-rooted Crowfoot, 
 Butter Cups, (F.) Renoncule bulbeuse. Bassinet, 
 
 Ranunculus Digitatus, R. sceleratus. 
 
 Ranunculus Declinatus, R. flammula. 
 
 Ranunculus Fica'ria, R. vemus seu pracox, 
 Ghelido'nium minus, Serophula'ria minor, Fica'- 
 ria ranuncvloi'des seu verna seu commu'nis, Che- 
 lido'nia rotundifo'lia minor, Gursu'ma hamor- 
 rhoida'lis herba, JEgole'thron, Lesser celandine, 
 Pilewort, (F.) Petite Ohelidoine, Petite Eclaire, 
 Ficaire, Herbe aux hemorrho'ides. The leaves 
 and root have been used medicinally ; — the leaves 
 as an antiscorbutic; the root as a cataplasm in 
 piles. 
 
 Ranunculus Fi.am'mula, R.decNna'tus, Flam'- 
 viula, Snrrec'ta alba, Smaller Water Crowfoot, 
 Lesser Spearwort, (F.) Petite Bouve. 
 
 Ranunculus Illyricus. 
 
 Ranunculus Lingua. 
 
 Ranunclilus L^tus, R. bulbosus — r. Nemo- 
 rosus, Anemone nemorosa — r. Palustris, R. sce- 
 leratus — r. Pratensis, Pv. acris. 
 
 Ranunculus Pennsyltanicus, Bristly Crow- 
 fool. 
 
 Ranunculus PRyEcox, R. ficaria. 
 
 Ranunculus Pubes'cens. Grows in ditches 
 and marshes in South Africa. The expressed 
 
 juice is used by the Cape Colonists in cancerous 
 ulcers. 
 
 Ranunculus Repens, Creeping Crowfoot — r. 
 Rufulus, R. acris. 
 
 Ranunculus Scelera'tus, R. Palus'tris seu 
 umbella'tus seu digita'tus seu aquat'icus, Risus 
 A'pium, Herba Sardo'nia, Herba Scelera'tn, He- 
 cato'nia palus'tris, Marsh or Crushed or Celery- 
 leaved Crowfoot. 
 
 Ranunculus Siculus, R. acris — r. Stevenii, 
 R. acris — r. Umbellatus, R. sceleratus — r. Ver- 
 nus, R. ficaria — r. Virginianus, Lobelia syphili- 
 tica. 
 
 RAPA ISTAPUS, Brassica rapa — r. Rotunda, 
 Brassica rapa. 
 
 RAPE, Brassica napus, Stuprum. 
 
 RAPHAXE'DON, from 'pa(pavtg, 'a radish, like 
 a radish.' Rhaphanedon. A transverse fracture 
 of a long bone, leaving no splinters ; — what has 
 been called, in France, Fracture en rave. 
 
 RAPHA'XIA, Convul'sio Raphania, Rhapha'- 
 nia, Morbus spasmod'icus malig'nus seu p>'>pnla'- 
 ris seu Sile'siaeus, Fclampi'sia typho'des, Sync'- 
 lonus Rajjhania. Linnaeus gives this name to a 
 convulsive disease, not nncommon in Germany 
 and Sweden, and which has been attributed to 
 the seeds of the Raph'anus Rajjhanis'trum seu 
 sylves'tris, Rajjhanis' trtim seg"eturn seu arvense, 
 Rapistrum, being mixed with the corn. The con- 
 vulsions are seated in the limbs, and are attended 
 with acute pain. See Convulsio cerealis. 
 
 Raphania Maiztica, Pellagra. 
 
 RAPHAXIS, Raphanus hortensis — r. Magna, 
 Cochlearia armoracia. 
 
 RHAPHAXISTRUM ARYEXSE, see Ra- 
 phania. 
 
 RAPHAXUS, R. hortensis. 
 
 Raph'anus Horten'sis, Raphanus, R.sati'vua 
 seu niger, Rapih'anis, Rhaph'anus, Radie'ula, 
 Rhaphys, Raphys, Rhaps, Rapys, Radish, (F.) 
 Raifort, Radis. Ord. Cruciferaj. Sex. Syst. 
 Tetradynamia Siliqnosa. The root of this plant 
 is a common esculent. It has, also, been given 
 as a diuretic in calculous affections. The juice, 
 made into a syrup, is exhibited to relieve hoarse- 
 ness. Radishes have long been celebrated as 
 anti-scorbutics. 
 
 Raphanus Maeinus, Cochlearia armoracia — 
 r. Raphanistrum, see Raphania — r. Rusticanus, 
 Cochlearia armoracia — r. Sylvestris, see Rapha- 
 nia. 
 
 RAPHE, Rhaphe, 'pa(pn, 'a suture.' A name 
 given to prominent lines resembling a raised 
 stitch. Such is the raphe or tramis which divides 
 the scrotum into two parts, and which extends 
 from the anterior part of the anus to the extre- 
 mity of the penis. The name Raphe seu Raphe 
 supe'rior seu Linea MedAa'na seu Sutu'ra cor'- 
 poris callo'si exter'na seu chorda longitudina'lis 
 Lancis'ii is, also, given to two prominent lines 
 which are longitudinal and parallel, and are seen 
 at the upper surface of the corpus callosum, ex- 
 tending from the anterior to the posterior extre- 
 mity of that commissure. 
 
 RAPHEX, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 
 RAPHIAXKIS'TROX,from'pa,^(ov,' a needle,' 
 and ayKiarpov, 'a. hook.' An instrument em- 
 ploved in the formation of artificial pupil. 
 
 RAPHIOX, Needle. 
 
 RAPHIS, X^eedle. 
 
 RAPHY-S, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RAPISTRUM, see Raphania. 
 
 RAPONTIC, Rheum rhaponticum. 
 
 RAPPORT (F.), Rela'tio, Renuncia'tio, 'a 
 report.' A deposition made by a physician or 
 surgeon, to prove the condition of a person, the 
 nature of a disease, the existence or non-exist- 
 ence of pregnancy, sudden or violent death, &a 
 
RAPPORT 
 
 KEALGAR 
 
 Formerly, there were the Rapporis denonciatifs, 
 made at the desire of the injured or their friends, 
 and intended to point out to the judges the de- 
 tails of the crime or misdemeanor, — the Rapports 
 2}rovisoires, the ohject of which was to obtain 
 'provisions for the injured individual, both as re- 
 garded food and medicine, and to defray the ex- 
 penses of prosecution ; — and Rajipnrts mixtes, or 
 those which were both denonciatifs and pirovi- 
 soires. At present, reports or depositions are 
 generally divided inio judiciary , or those which 
 serve to throw light on the subject matter of any 
 civil or criminal cause; and administrative, 
 which afford information on subjects relating to 
 any branch of the public administration, as on 
 the nuisance, or otherwise, of certain establish- 
 ments, the character of any epidemic, &c. 
 
 RAPPORT, Eructation, Regurgitation. 
 
 RAPTUS POST-TERGANEUS, Opisthoto- 
 nos. 
 
 RAPUM MAJUS, Brassica rapa. 
 
 RAPUNTIUM SYPHILITICUM, Lobelia sy- 
 philitiea. 
 
 RAPURE, Rasura. 
 
 RAPYS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RAQUETTE, Cactus opuntia. 
 
 RAREFA'CIENS, Rarifa'ciens, Arceot'icus, 
 (F.) Rarefiant, from rants, 'rare,' iind facere, 'to 
 make.' Medicines were so termed, which were 
 supposed to be possessed of the power of giving 
 more bulk or extension to the blood or other 
 humours. 
 • RAREFIANT, Rarefaciens. 
 
 RARIFACIENS, Rarefaciens. 
 
 RA'RITAS, (^.)Rai-ete. Rarity; scantiness; 
 fewness. 
 
 RA.RITAS Den'tidj:. a large space between the 
 teeth, which appear to be, and may be, too few. 
 
 RASCATIO, Excreation. 
 
 RASCETA, Carpus, Malleolus — r. Pedis, 
 Tarsus. 
 
 RASCHA, Carpus, Malleolus. 
 
 RASETA, Carpus, Malleolus. 
 
 RASETTA, Carpus, Malleolus. 
 
 RASH, Exanthem — r. Fever, Scarlatina — r. 
 Canker, see Cynanche maligna — r. Lichenous, 
 Lichen — r. Mercurial, Eczema mercuriale — r. 
 Mulberry, see Typhus — r. Nettle, Urticaria — r. 
 Rose, Roseola — r. Summer, Lichen tropicus — r. 
 Tooth, .Strophulus — r. Wildfire, Ignis sylvaticus. 
 
 RASOIR, Razor. 
 
 RASO'RISM. The Italian medical doctrine 
 of contro-stimulus, of which Rasori was the 
 founder. 
 
 RASORIUM, Raspatorium. 
 
 RASPATO'RIUM, Raso'rium, Rat'tda, Scal- 
 prum roso'rium, Xyster, Xi/ste'rium, Xystrnn^, 
 Rad'ida, Runoi'na, Runcin'ula, Scalprum, (F.) 
 Rugine, Grattoir. An instrument used for rasp- 
 ing bones, to detach the periosteum, — either in 
 certain surgical operations, or for anatomical pur- 
 poses. 
 
 RASPBERRY, Rubus idfeus — r. Black, see 
 Rubus strigosus — r. Ground, Hydrastis Canaden- 
 sis ^r. Wild, Rubus strigosus. 
 
 RASPING, Eructation. 
 
 RASPS, Rubus fruticosus. 
 
 RASSETA PEDIS, Tarsus. 
 
 RASTETA, Carpus, Malleolus. 
 
 RASU'RA, Xysma, Xysmos, (F.) Rdjmre, from 
 radere, rasum, 'to scrape.' A rasure, or scratch, 
 or erosion. Also, the rasping or shaving of any 
 substance; as Rasu'ra Cornu Cervi, Hartshorn 
 shavinffs. 
 
 Rasora, Scohs. 
 
 RATAFI'A, (F.) Alcoole sucre, Saceharo-al- 
 coole. A liquor prepared by imparting to ardent 
 
 spirits the flavour of various kinds of fruits, add- 
 ing sugar. 
 
 RATANHY, Krameria ratanhia — r. of the An- 
 tilles, Krameria ixina. 
 RATE, Spleen. 
 RATELEUX, Spleneticus. 
 RATELIER, see Bentier. 
 
 RATIO, Rationa'litas, from reor, ratus, 'to 
 think.' A reason, a cause, an explanation, a 
 mode or manner; as Ratio sj/mpfom'atum, an ex- 
 planation of the symptoms, — Ratio meden'di. 
 Genus curatio'nis, Via curandi ; the reason, 
 mode or manner of cure. 
 
 Ratio, Reason — r. Medendi, see Ratio — r. 
 Symptomatum, see Ratio. 
 
 RAT"IONAL, Rationa'lis, (F.) Rationnel. 
 Same etymon as Ratio. That which is conform- 
 able to reason. This epithet is often opposed to 
 emjjirical ; as rational treatment. The French, 
 also, say Signes rationales, in opposition to Sig- 
 nen sensibles. See Organic. 
 
 RATIONALITAS, Ratio. 
 
 RATSBANE, Arsenious acid. 
 
 RATTLE, Rale. 
 
 RATTLES, THE, see R&le. 
 
 RATTLEBUSH, Sophora tinctoria. 
 
 RATTLESNAKE, Crotalus horridus— r. Leaf, 
 Goodyera pubescens — r. Plantain, Goodyera pu- 
 bescens — r. Root, Nabalus albus, Polygala sene- 
 ga, Trillium latifolium — r. Weed, Hieracium ve- 
 nosum. 
 
 RATTLESNAKE'S MASTER, Agave Virgi- 
 nica, Liatris scariosa, Nabalus albus. 
 
 RATTLEWEED, Actaea racemosa. 
 
 RATULA, Raspatorium. 
 
 RAUCE'DO, Rau'citas, ParajjJio'nta rauca, 
 Asper'itas Arte'ricB as'percB, Vox rauca, Bran- 
 chiis, Hoarseness, (Sc.) Roup, (Prov.) Rawp, (F.) 
 Enrouement, Raucite, from raucus, ' hoarse.' A 
 change in the voice, which loses its smoothness 
 and becomes low and obscure. It is a common 
 sj'mptom in diseases of the larynx and trachea. 
 
 Radcedo Catarbha'lis. Hoai-seness from 
 cold. 
 
 RAUCITAS, Raucedo. 
 
 RA UCITE, Raucedo. 
 
 PiAUCOUS, Raucus. 'Hoarse;' as a raucous 
 voice — Vox rauca seu raucia'ona. 
 
 RA VE, Brassica rapa. 
 
 RAVERY, Delirium. 
 
 RAWP, Raucedo. 
 
 RAY, Diarrhoea. 
 
 RA YONNE, Radiated. 
 
 RAYONS SOUS-IRIENS, Ciliary processes 
 
 RAZOR, Culter Tonsor'ius, Machce'ris, Novac'- 
 ula, Xyrum, Xyrus, (F.) Rasoir, from radere, 
 rasum, 'to shave.' An instrument for shaving. 
 Used in surgery to remove hairs, where they 
 would interfere with any operation. 
 
 REACHING, Vomiturition. 
 
 REACTION, Reac'tio, from re, 'again,' and 
 agere, actum, ' to act.' An action of resistance to 
 a power applied. A species of vital movement 
 or excitement, tending to prevent or destroy the 
 effects of any noxious power applied to the ani- 
 mal economy, and which, by some, has been 
 attributed to the vis medicatrix natures. It is 
 certainly dependent on the organic instinctive 
 actions of the frame. It is the state of activity 
 which succeeds the action on the nervous system 
 of certain morbific influences. 
 
 READ, Rennet. 
 
 REAL'GAR, Realgal, Arlada, Arladar, Auri. 
 pigwen'tum ruhrum, Arsen'icum rubrum facti"- 
 tiitm, Abessi, Sandara'cha Graco'rum, Red Sul- 
 phuret of Mercury. A violent poison. See 
 Poison, 
 
REAM 
 
 790 
 
 RECTUM 
 
 REAM, Cream. 
 
 REASON, Ka'tio, Lngos, (F.) Eaiaon. Same 
 stymon as Ratio. The faculty or property of the 
 mind by means of which man perceives the dis- 
 tinction between right and wrong, in physics as 
 well as in morals. Benson is a just conclusion 
 resulting from the comparison of two ideas, by 
 virtue of which we form a judgment. 
 RBBOLBA, Mummy. 
 REBONA. Mummy. 
 EEBOUTEUR, Reiioueur. 
 RECEIVER, AmpuUu, (F.) Ballon, Recipient, 
 from recipere, reeeptiim, (re, and capere, ' to take,') 
 'to take, to receive.' In pharmacy, a wide- 
 necked globular vessel, the neck of which widens 
 gradually outwards, to receive the tapering beak 
 of the retort in distillation. Like the retort, the 
 receiver may be plain or tubulated. 
 
 A quilled receiver is one that has a tapering 
 tube from its lower surface, which is inserted into 
 a graduated bottle through a cork joint, when it 
 is desirable to know accurately the amount of 
 fluid that has passed over. 
 
 RECEPTACULA DURJa MATRIS, Sinuses 
 of the dura mater. 
 
 RECEPTAC'ULUM CHYLI, 'receptacle of 
 the chyle;' R. Pecquet'i seu Pecquetia'num, Di- 
 verso' rium seu Stagnum chyli, Sac'culua chy'lifer 
 seu ro'rifer seu hce'teus, Al'veus ampullo'sus seu 
 ampulles'cens, ITtric'xdus lacteus, Vesic'ula chyli, 
 Ampxd'la chylif'era seu chyli, Cister'na lumba'ris 
 seu Chyli, Chylocys'tis, Chylodochi'um, Lat'iees 
 lactei, Lumhar cistern, Reservoir of Pecquet, (F.) 
 Reservoir du chyle, R. de Pecquet, Citerne lom- 
 baire. A considerable dilatation of the thoracic 
 duct, in front of the lumbar region of the verte- 
 bral column. It is the commencement of the 
 duct. 
 
 Receptac'ulum Cotun'nii. a triangular space, 
 formed by a separation of the two laminae of the 
 dura mater of the internal ear, near the middle 
 of the posterior surface of the pars petrosa of the 
 temporal bone, where the aquseductus vestibuli 
 terminates. It is always filled with the Fluid of 
 Cotngiio. 
 
 Receptaculum Pecqueti, R. Chyli — r. Sellse 
 equinse lateribus appositum. Cavernous sinus. 
 
 RECEPTIVITY, Receptiv'itas, (F.) Recejyti- 
 vite. Same etymon as Receiver. A word used 
 by Tissot to express the susceptibility of certain 
 organs to receive morbific impressions. 
 RECEPTUM, Prescription. 
 RECESSIO. Paroxysm. 
 
 RECESSUS, Abscess, Sinus — r. Sulciformis, 
 see Fovea vestibuli, 
 
 RECHAMALCA, Rachamelca. 
 RECHUTE, see Relapse. 
 RECIDIVA MORBI, Relapse. 
 RECIDIVE, see Relapse. 
 RECIPE, (L.) (re, and cajiere, 'to take.') 
 A Latin word which signifies 'take,' (F.) Prenez, 
 and with which prescriptions are commenced. It 
 is, often, represented by R, R, and was formerly 
 by 11, the symbol of Jove. See Abbreviation. 
 RECIPIENT, Receiver. 
 RECIPROCATION, VIBRATIONS OF, see 
 Sound. 
 
 RECLINATIO, Reclination— r. Palpebrarum, 
 Ectropion. 
 
 RECLINA'TION, Reclina'tio, from reclinare, 
 reclinaium, {re, and clinare, 'to bend,') 'to bend 
 back.' A mode of operating for the cataract, 
 •which consists in applying the needle in a cer- 
 tain manner to the anterior surface of the cata- 
 ract and depressing it into the vitreous humour, 
 in such a way, that the front surface of the cata- 
 ract is the upper one and its back surface the 
 lower one. 
 
 RECLUSOR PALPEBRARUM, Levator pal- 
 pebrse superioris. 
 
 RECOMPOSITION, Metasynehrisis. 
 
 RECONVALESCENTIA, Convalescence. 
 
 RECORDATIO, Memory. 
 
 RECORDATUS, Memory. 
 
 RECORPORATIVUS, Metasyncritie. 
 
 RECOVERY, Restauratio. 
 
 RECREATIO, Restauratio. 
 
 RECREMENT, Recremenltum, from re, and 
 cernere, cretum, ' to sift.' A humour, which, after 
 having been separated from the blood, is again 
 returned to it ; such as the saliva, the secretion 
 of serous membranes, &c. Such fluids are said to 
 be recrementit"ial, (F.) ReorSmenteux, Recremen- 
 titiel ; Humo'res inquili'ni. 
 
 RECREMENTA VESICA, Urine. 
 
 RECREMENTITIAL FLUIDS, see Recre- 
 ment. 
 
 RECREMEN'TO- EXCREMENTIT"IAL. 
 Applied to secreted fluids, as the saliva, bile, &e., 
 which are in part reabsorbed and in part ex- 
 
 RECREMENTUM, Recrement. 
 
 RECRUDESCEN'TIA, Palincote'sis, Recrn- 
 des'cence, from re, ' again,' and crudiis, ' raw.' 
 An increase of a disease after a temporary re- 
 mission. 
 
 RECTAL, Recta'lis. Appertaining, or relating 
 to, the rectum, — as 'rectal tube.' See Tube, 
 rectal. 
 
 RECTIFICA'TION, Rectifca'tio, from rectum 
 facere, 'to make right.' An operation by which 
 certain liquids are purified by distilling them, 
 either singly or after admixture with other sub- 
 stances. 
 
 RECTI'TIS. A hybrid word, from rectum, 
 and itis, denoting inflammation; properly orchi- 
 tis, or proctitis. Inflammation of the rectum, 
 Proctal'gia injlamniato' ria. 
 
 RECTO, in composition, signifies relating or 
 belonging to the rectum. 
 
 RECTOCELE, Cystocele. 
 
 RECTOSTENOSIS, Stricture of the rectum. 
 
 RECTO-U'TERINE, Recto-vteri'mis, from rec- 
 tum, and uterus. Appertaining, or relating, to 
 the rectum and uterus. 
 
 Recto-uterine Folds, see Uterus. 
 
 RECTO-VAG"INAL, Recto-vagina'lis. That 
 which relates or belongs to the rectum and 
 vagina. 
 
 Recto-vaginal Fistula is owing to'a preter- 
 natural communication between the rectum and 
 vagina through the above septum. 
 
 Recto-vaginal Septum, (F.) Cloison recfo- 
 vaginale, is formed by the junction — back to 
 back — (or by what the French term adossement) 
 of the rectum and vagina. It separates these 
 two canals from each other. 
 
 RECTO-VES'ICAL, Reeto-vesica'lis. Having 
 relation to the rectum and bladder; as the "rec- 
 to-vesical fold or pouch" of the peritoneum, be- 
 tween the rectum and bladder. See Urinary 
 Bladder. 
 
 RECTUM, from rectus, so called from a notion 
 that it is straight. It is not so. Intesti'num 
 Rectum, Apeuthys' menos, Euthyen'teron, Longaon, 
 Longas, Longanon, Archos, Gys'saros, Priiiceps, 
 Monoco'lon [?], Bum-gut, (Prov.) Jot-gut. The 
 third and last portion of the great intestine. It 
 forms the continuation of the sigmoid flexure of 
 the colon, occupies the posterior part of the pel- 
 vis, and extends from the left side of the sacro- 
 vertebral articulation to the coccyx, before which 
 it opens outwards by the orifice called the anus. 
 It is cylindrical, but saccated, as it were, at its 
 inferior portion, where it is consequently larger, 
 and is attached to the sacrum by the mesorectum. 
 
RECTUS 
 
 791 
 
 RECURRENT 
 
 Like the other portions of the canal it is formed 
 i)f three membranes. Towards the lower extre- 
 mity, some parallel and longitudinal wrinkles are 
 observable on its inner surface : these are the 
 Oiilitmiis, Cohtm'iicE ear'necB of the Rectum or of 
 MorgiKjni, (F.) Colonnes dn rectum ou de Mor- 
 yagiii. They are merely folds of the mucous 
 membrane, between which is a number of LacnnoB. 
 The arteries of the rectum are numerous. They 
 proceed from the inferior mesenteric, hypogastric, 
 and internal pudic, and are called hemorrhoidid. 
 The veins open, partly into the hypogastric vein, 
 partly into the inferior mesenteric. The nerves 
 proceed from the sciatic and hypogastric plex- 
 uses. The rectum receives the feecal matters, as 
 they pass from the colon, which serves as a re- 
 servoir for them. 
 
 RECTUS, 'straight.' (F.) Dvoit. A term, 
 used in anatomy for parts that pursue a straight 
 course ; — as 
 
 Rectus Abdom'inis, (F.) PuMo- sternal. Sterno- 
 pubteii (Ch.), Droit de I'uhdomen. A long flat 
 muscle, situate at the anterior part of the abdo- 
 men, and separated from that of the opposite side 
 by the linea alba. It is attached, above, to the 
 cartilages of the last three true ribs; and, below, 
 to the pubis by a very strong tendon, the outer 
 edge of which is continuous with the fascia trans- 
 versalis. This muscle is enclosed in an aponeu- 
 rotic sheath ; and, in its course, has three or four 
 transverse aponeurotic intersections. It bends 
 the chest on the pelvis, and conversely. 
 
 Rectus Anterior Buevis, Rectus capitis in- 
 ternus minor — r. Anterior longus, R. capitis in- 
 ternus major — r. Capitis antieus longus, R. c. 
 internus major. 
 
 Rectus Capitis Internus Major, E. internus 
 ma'or seu anterior longus seu crqyitis anti'cus 
 longus, {¥.) TracTielo-basilaire, Grand droit an- 
 terieur de hi tete. This muscle is long in propor- 
 tion to its breadth, flat, and broader abov-e than 
 below. It is situate at the anterior and lateral 
 part of the neck, and arises from the transverse 
 processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth 
 cervical vertebrae. It is inserted into the basilary 
 process of the occipital bone. 
 
 Rectus Capitis Internus Minor, R. internus 
 minor seu anterior brevis, Ren'uens, An'nuens, 
 (F.) Petit trachelo-basilaire. Petit droit anterieur 
 de la tete. This is situate deeper than the last. 
 It is thin, flattened, irregularly quadrilateral, 
 and passes from the anterior surfoce of the body 
 of the first vertebra, neir the origin of the trans- 
 verse process, to be inserted into the basilary 
 process. 
 
 Rectus Capitis Latera'lts, R. lateralis seu 
 laiera'lis Fallo'pii, Tra.nsversa'lis anti'cus pri- 
 mus, (F.) Trachelo-atloido-basilaire, Atlo'ido- 
 sous-oecipital (Ch.), Droit lateral de la tete. 
 There is a muscle of this name on each side of 
 the head. It is flat, quadrilateral, and passes 
 from the transverse process of the atlas to the 
 occiput, behind the jugular fossa. It inclines the 
 head to one side. 
 
 Rectus Capitis Posti'cus Major, R. Major 
 seu Capitis posti'cus minor (Albinus), Spini-ax- 
 o'ido-oceipita'lis, (F.) Axo'ido-occipitale (Ch.), 
 Grand droit posterieur de la tete. A flat, trian- 
 gular muscle, situate at the posterior and superior 
 part of the neck. It extends from the spinous 
 process of the second cervical vertebra to the 
 external surface of the lower semicircular ridge 
 of the occipital bone. This muscle extends the 
 head, inclines it to one side, and causes it to ex- 
 perience a rotary motion, which directs the face 
 to its side. 
 
 Rectus Capitis Posti'cus Minor, R. minor, 
 (F.) Tuher-atloido-occipital, Atloldo-occipital 
 (^Ch.), Petit droit posterieur de la tite. A flat, 
 
 triangular muscle, situate beneath the last, which 
 passes from the posterior arch of the atlas to the 
 occipital bone. It extends the head. 
 
 Rectus Capitis Posticus Minor, R. c. p. 
 major — r. Cruris, R. femoris. 
 
 Rectus Externus Oc'uli, Abductor oeuli, Tn- 
 dignabun'dus, Indignato'rius, Iracun'dus, Oc'u- 
 lum movens sevun'dus, Orbito-extus-scleroticien. 
 All the recti muscles of the eye, four in number, 
 arise from the bottom of the orbit, and are in- 
 serted into the sclerotic coat of the eye. The 
 Rectus externus, (F.) Droit externe, Irascible ou 
 Abducteur, is divided, at its posterior extremitj', 
 into two portions, one of which is attached to the 
 outer part of the foramen opticum, and the other 
 to the sphenoid bone. 
 
 Rectus Fem'oris, Rectus seu Grac"ilis ante- 
 rior seu cruris, (F. ) Mio-rotulien, Droit ante- 
 rieur de la ouisse. A straight muscle, seated at 
 the anterior part of the thigh. It extends from 
 the anterior and inferior spine of the ilium and 
 the cotyloid cavity of the patella. This muscle 
 extends the leg upon the thigh, and conversely. 
 It can, also, bend the thigh upon the pelvis or 
 carry the pelvis forward. 
 
 Rectus Inferior Oculi, Depres'sor oculi, Tim'- 
 idus, Dep'rimens, Hu'milis, Oc'ulum movens quar- 
 tiis, (F.) Sous-optico-spheno-scleroticien, Droit in- 
 ferieur ou abaisseur de I'ceil, 31uscle humble, 
 arises below the optic foramen, from the sphenoid 
 bone. It depresses the eye. 
 
 Rectus Internus Oc'uli, Addu'cens ocidi, Bi- 
 bito'rins, Oculi adductor, Oculum movens primus, 
 (F.) Orbito-intus-scleroticien, Droit interne de 
 I'ceil ou adducteur ou buveur. It arises from the 
 sphenoid at the inferior part of the foramen opti- 
 cum. It turns the eye towards the nose. 
 
 Rectus Superior Oculi, Attol'lens oculi seu 
 oc'ulum, Leva'tor seu Eleva'tor oculi, Superbus, 
 Oculum movens tertius, (F.) Sus-op>tico-splieno- 
 scleroticien. Droit superieur ou Elevateur de I'oeil, 
 Dedaiyneux, is attached to the circumference of 
 the foramen opticum. 
 
 All the recti muscles are concerned in the 
 voluntary motions of the eye. The oblique mus- 
 cles have been supposed by Sir C. Bell to execute 
 the involuntary.[?] 
 
 Rectus Inferior Femoris, Gracilis — r. In- 
 ternus major, R. capitis internus major — r. In- 
 ternus minor, R. capitis internus minor — r. La- 
 teralis, R. capitis lateralis — r. Lateralis Fallopii, 
 R. capitis lateralis — r. Major, R. capitis posticus 
 major — -r. Minor, R. capitis posticus minor. 
 RECUBITORIUM, Anaclinterium. 
 RECUPERATION, Restauratio. 
 RECU'PERATIVE, i?ecK'^era<o?-2/, from recn- 
 peratio, 'recovery.' Restorative. Recovering. 
 Belonging to recovery. 
 
 RECUR'REXT, Recur'rens, from recurrere, 
 (re, and currere), 'to run back.' A name given 
 to several arterial and nervous branches, which 
 seem to re-ascend towards the origin of the trunk 
 whence they emanate. 
 
 Recurrent Arteries. This name has been 
 given to several arteries of the forearm, and to 
 one of the leg. In the forearm, there are, 1. The 
 Radial recurrent, Artere recurrente de I'epicon- 
 dt/le (Ch.), which arises from the superior part 
 of the radial, and ascends between the supinator 
 longus, s. brevis, and the braohialis internus. 2. 
 The anterior cubital recurrent, A. ricurrente de 
 I'epitrochlee (Ch.), which arises from the upper 
 and inner part of the cubital, and ascends be- 
 tween the pronator teres and brachialis internus. 
 .3. The p)'>sterior cubital recurrent, which arises 
 from the preceding artery, or from the cubital 
 itself, and ascends between the olecranon and in- 
 ternal tuberosity of the humerus. 4. The poste- 
 rior radial recurrent, A. recurrente olecranienne 
 
KECURVATIO 
 
 792 
 
 REGURGITATION 
 
 (Ch.). It arises from the posterior interosseous, 
 and ascends between the posterior cubital and 
 anconeus muscles. In the leg, — the Arteria re- 
 currens tihia'lis, A. rScurrente du genou (Ch.), is 
 furnished by the anterior tibial, and ascends to 
 the tibialis anticus muscle. 
 
 Recurrent Bandages are formed by convo- 
 lutions of bandages, which make a kind of cap for 
 the part — as the head — to which they are applied. 
 KECURVATIO, see Hump. 
 RECUTITUS, Apella. 
 REDBEAN, Abrus precatorius. 
 REDBERRY, Arbutus uva ursi, Gaultheria, 
 Panax quinquefolium — r. Bitter, Cornus Florida 
 — r. Swamp, Vaccinium oxycoceos. 
 REDGOWN, Strophulus. 
 RED HEAD, Asclepias Curassavica. 
 REDBIAILKES, Papaver rhoeas, 
 REDROD, Cornus sericea. 
 RED ROOT, Celastrus, Lachnanthes tinctoria, 
 Sanguinaria Canadensis. 
 
 REDSHANKS, Polygonum persicaria. 
 RED WATER TREE, see Sassy Bark. 
 REDIMICULUM, Diadema. 
 EEDINOOTES ANGLAISES, see Condom. 
 REDINTEGRATIO, Regeneration, Restau- 
 ratio. 
 
 REDIVIA, Paronychia. 
 MEDONDANCE, Plethora. 
 REDOUBLE3TENT,^xa.ceTh&iion,V&roxjsva. 
 REDRESSEUR UTERIN, Pessary, intra- 
 uterine. 
 
 REDS, Menses. 
 
 REDUCTIO, Reduction, Taxis — r. Prajputii 
 Impedita, Phimosis. 
 
 REDUCTION, Rediic'tio, Reposit"io, Resti- 
 tu'tio, Eiap'laiis, DiaiAas'mus, Syntax'is, from 
 reducere, reductum, (re, and ducere, ductxim, ' to 
 lead,') ' to bring back.' A surgical operation, the 
 object of which is to restore displaced parts to 
 their original situation. Thus, we say the reduc- 
 tion of a luxation, when the displaced parts are 
 again brought to their proper relative situation. 
 The reduction of a hernia is the restoration of the 
 protruded parts to the cavity of the abdomen. 
 This is, also, called Taxis. 
 
 In pharmacy, the process of restoring oxides, 
 chlorides, sulphurets, <fcc., to the metallic state. 
 REDUNDANTIA, Plethora. 
 REDUVIA, Paronychia. 
 REED MACE, Typha latifolia. 
 REFECTIO, Restauratio. 
 REFECTIVA, Analeptica. 
 REFECTUS. Restauratio. 
 REFICIENTIA, Analeptica. 
 REFLECTION, Reflex'io, {re, and flecto, flee- 
 turn, 'to bend.') A bending or turning back. 
 Duplioature. 
 
 REFLECTOR EPIGLOT'TIDIS. A muscle, 
 which arises from the arytenoid cartilage and in- 
 ner part of the thyroid, and is inserted into the 
 lateral edges of the epiglottis. 
 
 REFLEX MOVEMENTS, see Motion— r. Sys- 
 tem of nerves, see Excito-motory, and Nerves. 
 
 REFLEXIO, Reflection— r. Palpebrarum, Ec- 
 tropion. 
 
 REFORME, Invaliding. 
 
 REFRACTION, Refrae'tio, PJwfoeamp'su, 
 Bia'clasis, from re, and frangere, fractum, ' to 
 break.' The change of direction which rays of 
 light experience when they pass obliquely from 
 one medium into another of different density. If 
 the light passes from a rarer to a denser medium, 
 it approncbes the perpendicular raised at the 
 point of immersion. The contrary occurs, when 
 it goes from a denser to a rarer medium. The 
 theory of lenses, telescopes, and of the eye, rests 
 entirely on this property of light. 
 
 REFRIGERANT, see Alembic. 
 
 REFRIG"ERANTS, Refrigernn'tia, Psych'ti- 
 ea, Antither'wa, Friyefacien'tia, (F.) RafratcMs- 
 sants, Refngerntifs, Eesalterants, from re, and 
 frigere, ' to cool.' Medicines which depress the 
 morbid temperature of the body. The chief re- 
 puted refrigerants are the Potassae Nitras [?], the 
 Sodae Boras [?], but chiefly the abstraction of 
 caloric by ice and ice-drinks, cold water, cold 
 lemonades, soda-water, and effervescing draughts 
 internally ; and externally, cool air, cold water, 
 evaporating lotions, and frigorific mixtures. 
 
 REFRIGERATIFS, Refrigerants. 
 
 REFRIGERATOR, see Alembic. 
 
 REGENERATIO, Reproduction. 
 
 REGENERA'TION, Regenera'tto, Palingen'- 
 esis, Redintegra'tio, from re, and generare, gene- 
 ratiim, ' to beget.' Reproduction of a part of the 
 body, which has been destroyed. 
 
 REG"IMEN, (F.) Regime, from regere, 'to 
 govern.' The rational and methodical use of 
 food, and of everything essential to life; both in 
 a state of health and disease. It is often restricted, 
 in its meaning, to Diet. It is sometimes used 
 synonymously with hygiene. 
 
 REGIME SANITAIRE and SYSTEMS 
 SANITAIRE, mean the measures and regula- 
 tions adopted to prevent the development and 
 propagation of diseases reputed to be pestilential, 
 — especially plague, yellow fever, and cholera. 
 
 REGINA PRATI, Spireea ulmaria. 
 
 REGIO, Region. 
 
 Regio Auricolaris. The region of the ear. 
 
 Regio Bucca'lis. The region of the cheek. 
 
 PvEGio Cardiaca, Epigastric region. 
 
 Regio Cervica'lis. The region of the neck. 
 The cervical region. 
 
 Regio Epigastrica, Epigastrium. 
 
 Regio Facia'lis. The facial region. 
 
 Regio Frontalis. The frontal region. 
 
 Regio Gastrica, Umbilical region — r. Hypo- 
 gastrica, see Hypogastrium — r. Hypochondriaca, 
 Hypochondre — r. Iliaca, Iliac region — r. Ingui- 
 nalis. Inguinal region — r. Ischiadica, Ischiadic 
 region — r. Jugalis, Jugal region — r. Lumbalis, 
 Lumbi — r. Mentalis, Mental region — r. Mesogas- 
 trioa, Umbilical region — r. Nasalis, Nasal region 
 — r. Nuchfe, Nuchal region — r. Nuchalis, Nuchal 
 region — r. Occipitalis, Occiput — r. Occipitalis in- 
 ferior. Nuchal region — r. Perinsei, Perineeum — 
 r. Prsecordiaea, PraBcordial region — r. Pubis, 
 Pubic region — r. Stomachalis, Epigastric region 
 — r. Stomachica, Epigastric region — r. Tempora- 
 lis, Temple — r. Umbilicalis, Umbilical region. 
 
 RE'GION, i?e'^?o. Same etymon. Anatomists 
 have called regions, determinate spaces on the 
 surface of the body or of different organs. Thus, 
 the abdomen has been divided into several; to 
 which different names have been given. See 
 Abdomen, Epigastrium, Hypochondrium, Hypo- 
 gastrium. 
 
 REGION 03IBILI0ALE, Umbilical region. 
 
 REGIONAL ANATOMY, see Anatomy. 
 
 REGLES, Menses — r. Devies, Menstruation, 
 vicarious — r. Diffidles, Dysmenorrhoea. 
 
 REGLISSE, Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 REGNE ANIMAL, see Animal. 
 
 REG'ULAR, Regida'ris, from regida, (regere, 
 'to govern,') 'a rule.' According to rule. Ap- 
 plied to the types of a disease, and to the pulse, 
 when according to rule. 
 
 Regular Practit"ioner. One who practises 
 his profession according to the rules established 
 by law or custom. 
 
 REGULUS ANTIMONII, Antimonium. 
 
 REGURGITATION, Regurgita'tio. The act 
 by which a canal or reservoir throws back sub- 
 
Kl^iF 
 
 93 
 
 REMORA 
 
 stances aocumulated in it. Jfitml regurgitathui, 
 fur example, means the reflux of blood through 
 the left auriculo-ventricular opening, during the 
 contraction of the left ventricle. Regnrgitation 
 is also applied to the puking or poxsetting of 
 infants ; and to the rising of solids or fluids into 
 the mouth in the adult, — from re, and gorge, 
 (giD-ges), 'the throat.' (¥.) Rapport. AVhat is 
 called " vomiting at pleasure" is regurgitation. 
 
 The substances brought into the mouth by re- 
 gurgitation, the French call Renvois. 
 REIF, Psora. 
 REIN, Kidney. 
 
 REINE DES PRES, Spiraja ulmaria. 
 REINERZ, MINERAL WATERS OF. Rein- 
 erz is a small town in Silesia, three German miles 
 from Glatz. The waters are acidulous chaly- 
 beates. The principal springs are the tepid 
 drinking spring, the cold spring, and three bath- 
 ing springs. 
 
 RBINFORCE'MENT, FASCICULUS OF, F. 
 Ciinea'tus. A band of fibres from the corpus in- 
 noiniiHitnm, or lateral part of the antero-lateral 
 colujim of the medulla, which is continued up 
 behind and around the corpus olivare, is lined on 
 its inner or central surface with cineritious sub- 
 stance, enlarges as it ascends, passes over the 
 upper surface of the pons Varolii, and is expanded 
 into the optic thalamus. It thus forms, in its 
 course, the anterior paries of the fourth ventricle, 
 and is brought into view by brushing away the 
 tuberculum cinereum or gray matter of the ven- 
 tricle. The band has received these names owing 
 to its constantly increasing as it ascends, and be- 
 ing mixed up with gray matter on its inner face, 
 from which its seems to derive new fibres. 
 REINS, Kidneys, Lumbi. 
 
 REJEC'TIO, Anago'ge, from rejicere, rejectnm, 
 {re, and jacere, 'to cast,') 'to cast baclt.' Every 
 excretion by the mouth, — spitting, expectoration, 
 regurgitation, or vomiting. 
 
 Rejectio Sangdinis e Polmonibus, Haemo- 
 ptysis. 
 
 REJUVENES'CENCE, Rynvenescen'tia, from 
 re, 'again,' and juveneseens, 'growing young:' 
 {juvenis, 'a youth'.) A renewal of j'outh. The 
 state of being young again. The assumption of 
 the characteristics of youth by the aged. 
 RELACHANT, Relaxant. 
 RELACHEMENT, Relaxation. 
 RELAPSE, Hypnt'rope, Epis'tropJi.e, Hypos'- 
 trophe, Morhi reeidi'va, Hypotrnpias'mns, from 
 re, ' again,' and labor, lapsus, ' I fall down.' The 
 return of a disease, during, or shortly after, con- 
 valescence. The French use Rcchute in this 
 sense; and Recidive {Jforbus recidi'vus) for the 
 return of a complaint, at a greater or less period 
 after the complete recovery of health. 
 
 The terms Relapsing fever, Short fever. Five- 
 day fever, Seven-day fever, Bil'ious Remitt'ent 
 fever, Remitting Ic'teric fever, and 3Iild Yellow 
 fever, (F.) Fievre d rechute, have been given to a 
 form of continued fever, which has occasionally 
 appeared epidemically, as in Eilinburgh, in 1S43 
 and 1847, and was generally attended with 
 icteric symptoms. The main phenomena disap- 
 peared at about the end of a week ; but in many 
 cases a relapse occurred about the end of a fort- 
 night. Few died of the affection. 
 RELAPSING FEVER, see Relapse. 
 RELATIO, Rapport. 
 
 RELATION, FUNCTIONS OF, see Function. 
 
 RELAX'ANT, Laxans, Jlfnlact'icnm, Chains'- 
 
 licuin, PiZTi-t'icuin, (F.) Reldchant, from re, and 
 
 laxare, 'to loosen.' A medicine which diminishes 
 
 the tension of organs. Mucilaginous andfatty 
 substances are relaxants. 
 
 RELAXANTIA, Emollients. 
 
 RELAXATIO CORDIS ET ARTERIARUM, 
 Diastole. 
 
 RELAXA'TION, Relaxa'tio. Same etymon. 
 Chala'sis, Chalas'mos, (F) Reldohement. In Phy- 
 siology, relaxation is opposed to contraction. In 
 Pathology, it means great looseness of a part. 
 
 RELEVE-PAUPIERE. An instrument for 
 raising the eyelid. 
 
 RELEVEUR BE L'ANUS, Levator ani — 
 r. de la Levre inferieure, Levator labii inferioria 
 — r. du Menton, Levator labii inferioris — r. de 
 VOmoplate, Levator scapulae — r. de la Prostate, 
 Levator prostatas — r. de I'Urelhre, Levator ure- 
 thra;. 
 
 RELIG"IOUS DISEASES, (F.) 3faladies re- 
 ligienses. Diseases affecting the nervous system, 
 and arising from the excitment of religious emo- 
 tions. See Cotivulsionnaire. 
 
 RELIQUAT, (F.) The remnant or remains 
 of a disease. 
 
 REMAK FIBRES, see Fibres, Remak. 
 
 REMANSIO MENSIUM, Amenorrhoja. 
 
 REMEDE, Clyster, Medicament— r. du Ca- 
 puchin, Liquor hydrargyri nitrici — r. de Durande, 
 Liquor anodynus terebinthinatus — r. du Due 
 d'Antin, Liquor hydrargyri nitrici. 
 
 REMEDIAL, MedicinaL 
 
 REMEDIATE, MedicinaL 
 
 REMEDILESS, Incurable. 
 
 REMEDIUM, Juvans, Medicament — r. Den- 
 tifriciura. Dentifrice. 
 
 REMEDY, Medicament— r. English, Cincbona. 
 
 REMISSIO, Decline, Remission — r. Cordis et 
 Arteriarum, Diastole — r. Morbi, Remission — r. 
 Virium, Atony. 
 
 REMIS'SION, Remis'sio, Epan'esis, An'esis, 
 Submis'sio, Aph'esis, En'dosis, Mcio'sis, from re- 
 mittere, (re, and mitlere, niissum, ' to send'), 
 ' to relax.' In a more extensive signification, a 
 temporary diminution of the symptoms of a dis- 
 ease, either acute or chronic, Remis'sio morbi. 
 Diminution in the febrile symptoms, such as 
 occurs in a remittent fever between the exacer- 
 bations. 
 
 REMETTC, Medicament, 
 
 REMITTENS ICTERODES, Fever, yellow. 
 
 REMIT'TENT, Remit'tens. Same etymon. 
 Any disease which presents remissions. 
 
 Remittent op Children, Fever, infantile re- 
 mittent. 
 
 Remittent Fever, Febris remit'tens, Epan'e- 
 tus, Exac"erbating, paroxysmal, sub-continual, 
 endem'ic, endem'ial or endem'ical fever, (P.) Fie- 
 vre remittente, is one which strikingly exacerbates 
 and remits, but "without intermission. The ordi- 
 nary bilious fever of the United States is a simple 
 remittent — Epanetus mitis, (F.) Fievre remittente 
 simple. 
 
 Remittent Fever, Bilious, Remittent fever, 
 see Relapse. 
 
 Remitting Icteric Fever, see Relapse. 
 
 REM'ORA, from remorari, {re, and mora, 'de- 
 lay,) 'to arrest.' Stoppage, stagnation, — as of 
 blood. Also, the name of two surgical instru- 
 ments, intended to retain parts in situ. The 
 one was used, formerly, in castration, to prevent 
 the intestines from protruding at the inguinal 
 ring; the other, called Rcmora HiUla'ni, (F.) 
 Arrit d'Hildan, Echene'is, was emplo^-ed to 
 maintain fractures and luxations reduced. It is 
 not now used. 
 
REN 
 
 94 
 
 REPRODUCTION 
 
 Remora Aratri, Ononis spinosa. 
 REN, Kidney. 
 
 RENAL, Rena'lis, from Ren, 'the kidney.' 
 That which relates to the kidney. 
 
 Renal Arteries, EmMlg"ent Arteries, are very 
 laro-e and short, and commonly two in number — - 
 one to eanh kidney. They arise from the sides 
 of the abdominal aorta, forming with it a right 
 angle. The left is commonly a little more ante- 
 rior and elevated than the right. After a short 
 course, they arrive at the fissure of the kidney, 
 where they divide, before entering it, into three 
 or four very considerable branches. 
 
 Renal Capsule, Capsule, renal — r. Nerve, see 
 Splanchnic Nerves. 
 
 Renal Plex'uses, Emnlg"ent Plexuses. These 
 are two : — one on each side. They proceed from 
 fasciculi of the solar and coeliac plexuses; from 
 the outer side of the semilunar ganglion and the 
 final expansion of the small splanchnic nerves. 
 These plexuses begin by three or four ganglions, 
 situate at the commencement of the renal arterj- ; 
 and they give off from their circumference many 
 fine, straight filaments, which do not anastomose, 
 and which enter the kidney with the divisions 
 of the renal artery. These divisions they ac- 
 company. 
 
 Renal Veins, Emidgent Veins. These are 
 very large. Their roots follow the same course 
 as the arteries in the substance of the kidney. 
 In the fissure or pelvic portion of the kidney, 
 they unite into a single trunk, which passes 
 transversely inwards, and opens at the side of the 
 vena cava descendens. 
 
 RENCHUS, Snoring, Stertor. 
 REN'CULUS, Renie'iilus, Ren'ulus, diminutive 
 of Ren, 'a kidney.' A small kidney. A lobe of 
 the kidney. 
 
 RENDLES, Rennet. 
 
 RENEAL'MIA EXALTA'TA, Alphi'ia e.ral- 
 tn'fa seu tnbula'ia. A plant of British Guiana, 
 which is possessed of diaphoretic and diuretic 
 properties ; and, in large doses, is emetic. It is 
 much used there in dropsy, rheumatism, dysen- 
 tery, &c. The bruised rhizoma is the part em- 
 ployed. 
 
 RENES SUCCENTURIATI, Capsules, renal. 
 RENICULUS, Renculus. 
 RENIFORM, Nephroid. 
 
 RENNES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ther- 
 mal salines in the department of Aube, France, 
 containing carbonic acid and chloride of magne- 
 sium. Temperature 103 to 121°, of Fahr. 
 
 RENNET, Runnet, Co'dg'ulum, nvna, nverta, 
 Pytia, Pyet'ia, from (G.) gerinnen, 'to coagu- 
 late' [?], (P.) Caille-lait. When the fourth sto- 
 mach or Ahomasus of the calf is salted and dried, 
 it possesses the property of coagulating milk, 
 when a portion of it is soaked in water, and the 
 infusion — Rennet, Rendles, Ronning, (Prov.) 
 Earning, Preaser, Read, Running, Steep — is 
 added to milk. 
 
 Rennet Whey, see Serum lactis. 
 RENONCULE, Ranunculus— r. Bulheuse, Ra- 
 nunculus bulbosus. 
 
 RENO UEE, Polygonum avieulare — r. Acre, 
 Polygonum hydropiper. 
 
 RENO UEUR, (F.) Rehoutew; RhahiUeur, from 
 re, and notier, {nodus, 'a knot,') 'to tie or knit 
 again.' A bone-doctor: — a hone-setter. One 
 who makes a trade of reducing fractures and 
 dislocations. 
 
 RENOVATIO, Ananeosis. 
 RENSSELAERIa 7IRGINICA, Peltandra 
 Virginica. 
 
 RENUENS, Rectus capitis internus minor. 
 RENULUS, Renculus. 
 
 RENUM ATONIA, Nephratonia — r. Paraly- 
 sis, Nephratonia. 
 
 RENUNCIATIO, Rapport. 
 RENVERSEMENT BE LA LANGUE, Pa- 
 raglossa — r. de la 3fatrice, Uterus, inversion of 
 the — r. des Paupieres, Ectropion — r. dii Rectwn, 
 Proctocele — r. de la Vessie, Exocyste, Exstrophia 
 of the bladder. 
 RENVOIS, see Regurgitation, 
 REPANDATIO, Lordosis. 
 REPARATION, Restauratio. 
 REPAR'ATIVE, Repar'atory. Having the 
 power of restoring or repairing. 
 REPELLENTIA, Repellents. 
 REPEL'LENTS, Repellen'tia. Repercntien'tin, 
 Apocrns'tica, Repercus'sives, (F.) Repercussifs, 
 from re, and pellere, ' to drive.' Medicines which, 
 when applied to a tumefied part, cause the fluids, 
 that render it tumid, to recede, as it were, from 
 it. Astringents, cold water, ice, &c., are repel- 
 lents. 
 
 REPERCUSSIFS, Repellents. 
 REPERCUSSIO, Contra-fissura, Repercussion. 
 REPERCUS'SION, Repercus'sio, An<ic'la.sis, 
 from re, nnd percntio, jtercwssum , {per, and qiintere, 
 'to shake or batter,') 'I strike back.' Disap- 
 pearance of a tumour or cutaneous eruption, in 
 consequence of the application of a repellent. 
 The action of a repellent remedy. The French 
 writers use the term Delitescence, Eelitescen'tia, 
 for the sudden disappearance of a tumour, in- 
 flammation, eruptive disease, or purulent collec- 
 tion, without the disease occurring in any other 
 part of the body: in this respect delitescence 
 differs from metastasis : Delitescence of an inflam- 
 mation or ' sudden disappearance' is distinguished 
 by certain French pathologists from Resolutioiu 
 Pucpercussion also means Ballottement. 
 REPERCUSSIVES, Repellents. 
 REPERCUTIENTIA, Repellents. 
 REPLETION, Fulness, Plethora. 
 REP LI LONGITUDINAL DE LA ME- 
 NINGE. Falx cerebri. 
 
 REPOSITIO, Anaplasis, Reduction, Taxis. 
 REPOUSSOIR, Punch— r. d' Aretes, Probang. 
 REPRIMENS, Epischeticus. 
 REPRODUCTION, Repmdiic'tio, Regenera'- 
 tio, from re, and producere, prodnctiim, (pro, ami 
 diicere.) The function by which living bodies 
 produce bodies similar to themselves. See Gene- 
 ration. As a general remark, t tiiI be fcund 
 true, that the larger animals are uniparous , and 
 the smaller, which are more exposed to destruc- 
 tion, multiparous. The mammalia being of the 
 same natural class as man, it may be useful to 
 compare them in this respect. 
 
REPRODUCTION 
 
 95 
 
 RES CONTRA-NATURAM 
 
 COMPARATIVE TABLE OF REPRODUCTION IN THE CLASS MAMMALIA. 
 
 Species. 
 
 Primates. 
 
 Man 
 
 Monkeys (large) 
 
 Do. (long tailed) 
 
 Carnivora. 
 
 Bear 
 
 Badger 
 
 Hedgehog 
 
 Ferret 
 
 Otter 
 
 Pole-cat, J 
 Marten, f 
 
 Weasel, and f 
 
 Ermine, ) 
 
 DidelphiiS, i 
 
 Opossum, and ', 
 
 Philander, ) 
 
 Lion 
 
 Tiger, ) 
 
 Leopard t 
 
 Lynx 
 
 Wild Cat 
 
 Wolf 
 
 Dog, in the most ) 
 natural state, j * •■* 
 
 Fox 
 
 Jackall 
 
 Isatis 
 
 Phoca 
 
 Rodentia. 
 
 Squirrel 
 
 Flying Squirrel 
 
 Ondatra 
 
 Beaver 
 
 Hare 
 
 Rabbit 
 
 Rat 
 
 Mouse 
 
 Marmot 
 
 Guinea Pig 
 
 Dormouse 
 
 Edentata. 
 
 Armadilla 
 
 Ruminantia. 
 
 Camel 
 
 Dromedary 
 
 Buffalo ..' 
 
 Beef 
 
 Lama 
 
 Reindeer 
 
 Buck and Doe 
 
 Roebuck 
 
 Saiga (Antelope) 
 
 Chamois and VVild Goat 
 
 Goat 
 
 Musimon 
 
 Sheep 
 
 Solipedes. 
 
 Horse 
 
 Ass 
 
 Zebra 
 
 Packydermata. 
 
 Hog 
 
 Elephant 
 
 Rhinoceros 
 
 ■Hippopotamus 
 
 Morse 
 
 Age capable of en- 
 gendeniis. 
 
 14 years 
 3 years 
 2 years 
 
 2 years 
 
 1 year 
 11 months 
 
 before 1 year 
 
 2 years 
 Do. 
 
 before 1 year 
 2 years 
 
 10 months 
 
 1 year 
 
 1 year 
 
 1 year 
 
 6 months 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 5 to 6 weeks 
 1 year 
 
 Duration of gesta- 
 tion. 
 
 9 months 
 7 months 
 6 months 
 
 112 days 
 
 4 years 
 
 Do. 
 3 years 
 
 2 years 
 
 3 years 
 2 years 
 li year 
 
 Do. 
 1 year 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 14 year 
 1 year 
 
 2J- years 
 
 "Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 9 months or 1 year 
 la years (?) 
 5 years (?) 
 
 1 mo. and 10 days 
 
 Do. 
 
 3 mouths 
 
 56 days 
 
 3 to 4 months 
 
 3 months 
 
 9 weeks 
 56 days 
 73 days 
 
 63 days 
 
 2 months 
 
 Do. 
 63 days 
 
 3 months (?) 
 
 45 days 
 
 4 months 
 30 days 
 
 Do. 
 
 5 or 6 weeks 
 1 month 
 6 weeks 
 3 weeks 
 
 11 months or 1 y'r 
 
 Do. 
 
 9 months 
 
 Do. 
 
 8 months 
 
 Do. 
 5 months 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 300 days 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 4 months 
 9 to 11 months 
 
 9 months 
 
 Number of 3'oung at Period of cessation ol 
 each birth. the function. 
 
 1 to 3 
 
 to a ; 
 Do. V 
 Do. S 
 
 1 to 4 
 3 to 4 
 3 to 5 
 
 5 to 9 twice a year 
 3 to 4 
 
 4 to 6 
 
 3 to 4 
 
 4 to 5 
 
 3 to 4 
 
 4 to 6 
 
 5 to 9 
 
 3 to 6 
 
 Do. 
 
 5 to 8 
 
 6 to 7 
 2 to 3 
 
 3 to 4 twice a year 
 
 3 to 4 
 
 3 to 5 
 
 2 to 3 
 ( 2 to 4 several ) 
 [ times a year ( 
 
 4 to 8 do. 
 
 5 to 6 do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 2 to 4 
 
 5 to 8 times a year 
 
 3 to 5 
 
 4 times a year 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 to 2 
 
 Do.' 
 
 ] 
 
 lto2 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 1,2, and 3 
 
 Do. 
 1 to 2 
 
 Do. 
 
 1 to2 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 10 to 20 
 1 or 2 
 1 or 2 (?) 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 At a somewha' ad- 
 vanced age. 
 
 25 to 30 years. 
 20 to 25 years. 
 
 Produces during life. 
 
 8 to 10 years. 
 
 10 years. (?) 
 
 20 to 25 years. 
 Do. 
 
 9 years. 
 15 to 20 years. 
 
 15 years. 
 
 10 or 12 years. 
 
 Produces during life 
 
 Do. 
 
 Lives 6 years. 
 
 Lives 8 years. 
 
 Lives 8 or 9 years. 
 Produces during life. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 7 to 8 years. (?) 
 
 40 to 50 years. 
 Do.' 
 
 15 to 18 years. 
 9 years. 
 
 12 years. 
 Lives 16 years. 
 Lives 25 or 30 years. 
 Lives 12 or 15 years. 
 Lives 15 or 20 years. 
 Lives 18 or 20 years. 
 
 7 years. 
 
 8 or 10 years. 
 8 years. 
 
 25 or 30 years. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 15 years. 
 Lives 70 years, (?) 
 Lives 60 years. (?) 
 
 REPRODUCTION MERISMATIQUE, see 
 G-eneration. 
 
 REPULSORIUM, Punch, 
 
 REPURCtA'TIO, Anacathar'sis, from re, and 
 nurgare, 'to cleanse.' According to Castelli — 
 purgation by transpiration or by expectoration. 
 Medicines producing this effect are called Repnr- 
 gan'lia. 
 
 REQUIER, Acinesia. 
 
 REQUIETIO, Acinesia. 
 
 RES CONTRA-NATU'RAM. ' Things against 
 nature,' (F.) Choses contre-nature, are those things 
 which tend to destroy man; — as disease, and 
 every thing connected with it. 
 
 Res Culinaria, Culinary art — r. Mediea, Me- 
 dicina. 
 
 Res Natura'les, (F.) Choses naturelhs. Those 
 things, which, by their union, were conceived to 
 constitute the nature of man ; such as the ele- 
 ments, temperaments, humours, spirits, kc. 
 
rSsea u 
 
 796 
 
 RESPIRATION 
 
 Res non Natura'le?, (F.) CTioses non-natu- 
 relles. Those things which, anciently, formed 
 the matter of hygiene. See Non-naturals. 
 
 Res Venerea, Coition — r. Vestiaria, Vestitus. 
 
 ROSEAU, Rete, Reticulum — r. Admirable, 
 Rete mirabile — r. Intermediare, see Corpus spon- 
 giosum urethrse — r. Merveilleux, Rete mirabile. 
 
 RESECTIO, Resection — r. Articulorum, see 
 Resection. 
 
 RESECTION, Resec'tio, from resecare, resec- 
 tam, [re, and seeare,) ' to cut ofi".' A name, given, 
 especially by the French surgeons, to operations 
 in which the carious extremities of long bones, or 
 the unconsolidated extremities of fractured bones 
 forming irregular joints, are removed with the saw. 
 — Reseetio articido'rum, Becapita'tio articulo' rum. 
 
 RESECTION, see Amputation. 
 
 RESEDA CRISPATA— r. Luteola— r. Lanceo- 
 lata — r. Luteola. 
 
 Rese'da Lute'ola,/?. lanceola'ta seu crispa'ta, 
 Lute'ola, Weld, Dyer's Weed. A European plant 
 naturalized in the United States, which was at 
 one time used as a diaphoretic and diuretic. 
 
 RESERANS, Aperient, 
 
 RESERVE AIR, see Respiration. 
 
 RESERVOIR DE LA BILE, Gall-bladder 
 — r. du Chyle, Receptaculum chyli — r. des Lar- 
 mes. Lachrymal sac — r. of Pecquet, Receptaculum 
 chyli — r. de Pecquet, Receptaculum ehyli — r. of 
 the Thymus, see Thymus. 
 
 RESIDENTIA, Sediment. 
 
 RESIDUAL AIR, see Respiration. 
 
 RESIMUS, Camus. 
 
 RESIN, Resi'na, Rheti'ne, (F.) Resine. A ve- 
 getable product, commonly dry and concrete, 
 more or less brittle, inodorous or slightly odorous, 
 insipid, or of an acrid warm taste; of a smooth, 
 glassy fracture, heavier than water, inflammable, 
 insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, and 
 yolk of egg, and negatively electrifiable by fric- 
 tion. Many resins are used in medicine; the 
 greater part are purgative and irritating. Some 
 act like acrid poisons. 
 
 Resin, Acaroid, see Xanthorrhoea — r. Botany 
 Bay, see Xanthorrhoea — r. Cayenne, Caoutchouc 
 
 — r. of New Holland, see Xanthorrhoea — r. of 
 the Spruce fir, see Pinus abies — r. of Xanthor- 
 rhoea, see Xanthorrhoea. 
 
 RESINA, Resin — r. Abietis, see Pinus abies, 
 Pinus picea — r. Abietis humida, see Pinus abies 
 
 — r. Abietis sicca, see Pinus abies — r. Acaroides, 
 see Xanthorrhoea — r. Alba, see Pinus sylvestris — 
 r. Alba humida, see Pinus Abies — r. Cayennensis, 
 Caoutchouc — r. Copal, Copal — r. Elastica, Caout- 
 chouc — r. Flava, see Pinus sylvestris — r. Fluida 
 Canadensis, see Pinus balsamea — r. Jalapae, Ex 
 tractum jalapas resinosum — r. Juniperi, Sandarac 
 
 — r. Laricis, see Pinus larix — r. Lentiscina, see 
 Pistachia lentiscus — r. Liquida pini balsameae, 
 see Pinus balsamea — r. Liquida pini laricis, see 
 Pinus larix — r. Lutea Novi Belgii, see Xanthor 
 rhoea — r. Nigra, Colophonia — r. Pini, see Pinus 
 sylvestris — r. Pini empyreumatica liquida, see 
 Pinus sylvestris — r. Pini abietis sponte concreta, 
 see Pinus abies — r. Strobilina, see Pinus balsamea, 
 and Pinus mughos — r. Terebinthi, see Pistacia 
 terebinthus. 
 
 RESINA'TUM, Rhetino'ton. An epithet for 
 wine impregnated with resi'n, and used by the 
 ancients as a stomachic. 
 
 RESINE, Resin — r. de Cayenne, Caoutchouc 
 
 — r. Elastique, Caoutchouc — r. de Gaiac, see 
 Quaiacum — r. Gomart, see Bursera gummifera — 
 r. de Lierre, see Hedera helix. 
 
 RESINOCE'RUM, Rhetinoce'ron, from ptiTivn, 
 'resin,' and Ktjfios, ' wax.' A mixture of resi i ai.d 
 wax. — Galen. 
 
 RESINOSA, in Pharmacy, resinous substances. 
 
 RESOLUTIFS, Discutients. 
 RESOLUTIO, Resolution— r.Membrorum, Pa- 
 ralysis. 
 
 Resolutio Morbi. The resolution or disap- 
 pearance of a disease ; especially wh-en without 
 any critical evacuation. 
 
 Resolutio et Diabrosis Venteiculi, Gastro- 
 malacia — r. Nervorum, Paralysis — r. Ventriculi 
 autopeptica, Gastromalacia — r. Virium, Dialysis. 
 RESOLU'TION, Resohi'tio, Biscus'sio, from 
 resolvere, {re and solvere, sohtUtm, 'to loosen.') 
 Removal or disappearance, as of a disease. Re- 
 solution is one of the terminations of inflamma- 
 tion, in which the inflamed part returns gra- 
 dually, and without suppuration, to the healthy 
 condition. 
 
 RESOLUTION DES ME3IBRES, Paralysis. 
 RESOLVENTIA, Discutients. 
 RES'ONANCE, (F.) Retentissement, Reson- 
 nance, Resonnement, from re, 'again,' and aono, 
 * I sound.' 'A return of sound.' A resounding; 
 a reverberation of sounds. A thrilling of the 
 voice more loud than natural ; or its existence in 
 a part where it is not heard in health, — as de- 
 tected by auscultation. A thickened and hard- 
 ened state of the lungs, caused either by a mass 
 of crude tubercles, or by inflammation, is gene- 
 rally considered to produce this phenomenon, by 
 rendering the lung a better conductor of the 
 murmur of the voice in the bronchi. Hence the 
 origin of the term Bronchoph'ony, from PpoyxoSf 
 'bronchus,' and ttxiivr;, 'the voice;' (F.) Voix 
 bronchique, Voix tubuire, V. bourdonnante. 
 
 Resonance is also used in the sense of resound- 
 ing; as when the chest is said to be resonant on 
 percussion. 
 
 Resonance, Vesic'ulo-Tympanit'ic, see Vesi- 
 culo-tympanitic — r. Vibrations of, see Sound. 
 RESONITUS, Contra-fissura. 
 RES'ONANT, Res'onans, Res'onus, (F.) Re- 
 tentissant, Resonnant. Resounding. See Reso- 
 nance. 
 
 R^SONNANCE, Resonance. 
 RES0NNE3IENT, Resonance. 
 RESORBENS, Absorbent. 
 RESORPTIO, Absorption. Resorption —r. Cu- 
 tanea, see Absorption — r. Cutis, see Absorption. 
 RESORP'TION, Resorp'tio, from resorbere, re- 
 sorptum, (re, 'again,' and sorbere.) 'to absorb 
 again.' Absorption of a fluid which has been 
 previously deposited in a part by the exhalants, 
 as of pus, blood, serum, &c. 
 
 RES'PIRABLE, Respirab'ilis. Same ety- 
 mon as Respiration. Capable of being breathed. 
 Adapted for respiration. 
 
 RESPIRAMEN, Respiration. 
 RESPIRAMENTUM, Respiration. 
 RESPIRATEUR, Respirator, Respiratory. 
 RESPIRATIO, Respiration — r. Abolita, Ap- 
 noea — r. Brevis, Dyspnoea — r. DiflBcilis, Dyspnoea 
 — r. Stertens, Stertor — r. Stertuosa, Stertor. 
 
 RESPIRA'TION, Respira'tio, Ana2}'noe, from 
 respiro, {re, and spiro,) 'I take breath.' Anap- 
 neu'sis, Pneu'sis spira'tio, Respira' men, Respira- 
 mentnm, Respira'tus, Respir'itus, Spir'iius. A 
 function proper to animals, the object of which 
 is, to place the materials of the blood — the mix- 
 ture of the venous blood with lymph and chyle — 
 in contact with atmospheric air, in order that it 
 may acquire the vivifying qualities which belong 
 to arterial blood. The organs for executing this 
 function are, in the mammalia, birds, and rep- 
 tiles, the lungs. In man, the respiration consists 
 of mechanical and chymical phenomena. The 
 mechanical are Inspiration and Expiration. The 
 evident chymical phenomena consist in the form- 
 ation of a certain quantity of carbonic acid, the 
 absorption of a part of the oxygen of the air, and 
 
RESPIRATION BRONCHIQUE 79 7 
 
 RETENTIO 
 
 the disengagement of a quantity of water in the 
 state of vapour. In the healthy condition the 
 respiration is easy, gentle, regular, and without 
 noise. In man, the respirations are generally 
 about 35 per minute in the first year of life; 25 
 during the second; 20 at puberty; and 18 in the 
 adult age. 
 
 The air of respiration has been divided into 
 first, the residual air, or that which cannot be ex- 
 pelled from the lungs, but remains after a full and 
 forcible expiration, estimated at 120 cubic inches: 
 secondly, the supplementary or reserve air or that 
 which can be expelled by a forcible expiration, 
 after an ordinary outbreathing, valued at 130 cu- 
 bic inches : thirdly, the breath, tidal or breathing 
 air, valued at 26 cubic inches: nud fourthly, the 
 complementary or complemental air, or that which 
 can be inhaled after an ordinary inspiration, which 
 amounts to 100 cubic inches. This estimate gives 
 250 cubic inches as the average volume of air 
 which the chest contains after an ordinary expi- 
 ration. 
 
 RESPIRATION BRONCHIQUE, see Mur- 
 mur, respiratory. 
 
 Kespiratio>?, BRONCHO-VESic'tTLAR. A mor- 
 bid modification of the respiratory murmur, 
 having more or less of the characters of the bron- 
 chial and the vesicular respiration combined. It 
 denotes incomplete solidification of the lung, as 
 from the presence of tubercle. — Flint. 
 
 Eespiration of the Cells, Murmur, respira- 
 tory — r. Cogged-wheel, Respiration, jerking — r. 
 Entrecoupee, Respiration, jerking — r. Exar/eree, 
 see Puerile — r. Hypervesiculaire, see Puerile. 
 
 Respiration, Jerking, Cogged-wheel, or Wavy 
 respiration, (F.) R. Snccadee ou Entrecoupee. 
 When the murmur of inspiration, in place of being 
 continuous, is interrupted as by starts, it is called 
 'jerking.' It is a concomitant of incipient pleu- 
 risy, pleurodynia, spasmodic asthma, and tuber- 
 culosis of the lung with corresponding pleuritic 
 adhesion. — AValshe. 
 
 RESPIRATION, LUCTUEUSE, see Luctu- 
 eux — r. Metallic, Tintement metallique — r. Nulle, 
 see Murmur, respiratory. 
 
 Respiration Proof, Docimasia pulinonum. 
 
 RESPIRATION, PUERILE, see Puerile — 
 r. Rdpeuse, see Murmur, respiratory — r. Rude, 
 see Murmur, respiratory — r. Sileneieuse, see Mur- 
 mur, respiratory — r. Saccadee, R. jerking — r. 
 Soufflante, Murmur, respiratory — r. Supplemen- 
 taire, see Puerile— r. TuLal, see Murmur, respira- 
 tory — r. AVavy, Respiration, jerking. 
 
 RESPIRATOIRE, Respiratory. 
 
 RESPIRA'TOR, (F.) Respiratenr. Same ety- 
 mon. Various instruments, under this name, 
 have been devised for the purpose of tempering 
 the air before it reaches the lungs in winter. 
 One of the best is that of Jeffrey, which is made 
 of several lavers of fine wire tissue. 
 
 RESPIRATORIUM VENTRIS, Diaphragm. 
 
 RESPIRATORIUS, Respiratory. 
 
 RES'PIRATORY, Respirato'rius, (F.) Respi- 
 rateur, Respiraioire. Appertaining to respira- 
 tion. An epithet applied to the murmur heard by 
 auscultation in a healthy adult, during inspira- 
 tion and expiration. It marks the entrance of 
 the air into the cells, and its passage out of them. 
 See Murmur. 
 
 Respiratory, External, Nerte, see Thoracic 
 nerves. 
 
 Respiratory Ganglia, see Encephalon. 
 
 Respiratory, Internal, Nerves, Diaphrag- 
 matic Nerves — r. Nerve of the face. Facial Nerve 
 — r. Superior, nerve. Spinal Nerve.' 
 
 Respiratory Tract, Tractus respirato'riits. 
 The middle column of the spinal marrow, de- 
 scribed by Sir Charles Bell as that whence the 
 respiratory nerves originate. See Nerves. 
 
 RESPIRATUS, Respiration. 
 
 RESPIRITUS, Respiration. 
 
 R ESSE R RE, {VENTRE,) Constipation. 
 
 RESTA BOVIS, Ononis spinosa. 
 
 RESTAGNATIO, Eructation. 
 
 RESTAURANS, Analeptic, Corroborant. 
 
 RESTAURA'TIO, Refec'tio, Refec'tus, Ana- 
 lep'sis, Anatrep'sis, Anacom'ide, Analte' sis, Anac- 
 te'sis, Apocotas'tasis. Restoration of strength, 
 after disease or great fatigue; Epanortho'sis, Re- 
 crea'tio, Redintegra'tio, Restanra'tio virium. Re- 
 turn of the organ.s to their normal condition, 
 Recov'ery, Recnpera'tion, Repara'tion. 
 
 Restadratio Virium, see Restauratio. 
 
 REST HARROW, Ononis spinosa. 
 
 RESTIFORM'IS, from restis, ' a rope,' and for- 
 ma, ' shape.' Shaped like a rope, as the ' Corpora 
 restiformia.' 
 
 Restiformis Processus, Coracoid. 
 
 RESTITUTIO, Reduction— r. Organica, Morio- 
 plastiee — r. Partium deperditarum, Morioplastice. 
 
 RESTLESSNESS, Agitation. 
 
 RESTORATION, Restauratio. 
 
 RESTORATIVE, Analeptic, Corroborant. 
 
 RESTRICTIO INTESTINI RECTI seu ANI, 
 Stricture of the rectum. 
 
 RESUMPTI'VUS, Resumpto'riiis ; from re, 
 'again,' and sumere, sumptum, ' to take.' Causing 
 to resume. Resumpti'vum. Any agent calculated 
 to restore flesh and strength to one who has been 
 reduced. 
 
 RESUMPTORIUS, Resumptivus. 
 
 RESURRECTION-MAN, Resurrectionist. 
 
 RESURRECTIONIST, Resurrection-man, 
 Body snatch er : from re, and surgere, surrectum, 
 'to arise.' An individual who violates the sanc- 
 tuary of the grave to obtain subjects for dissec- 
 tion. 
 
 RESUSCITA'TION, Resuscita'tio, from resus- 
 cita're, (re, and suscitare, sursum cilare seu ciere,) 
 ' to move up,' 'to stir up anew.' Revivifica' tion. 
 The restoration of persons, apparently dead, to 
 life. See Asphyxia and Suffocation. 
 
 RETCHING, Vomiturition. 
 
 RETE, Plexus — r. Malpighii, Corpus muco- 
 sum. 
 
 Rete, 'a net;' {Retic'idum, 'a small net,') 
 Dict'yon, (F.) Reseau. A name given to the in- 
 terlacing and decussation of blood-vessels, lym- 
 phatics, fibres, and nerves when they form a kind 
 of network. 
 
 Rete has also been applied to the epiploon. — 
 Castelli. 
 
 Rete Majtjs, Epiploon, gastro-colic. 
 
 Rete Mirab'ile, (F.) Reseau adnih-nble, R. 
 merveillenx. A name given to the ramifications 
 and anastomoses of the internal carotid and ver- 
 tebral arteries at the base of the brain. 
 
 Rete Mirabile seu Rete Vasculo'sum Mal- 
 pig'hii is the plexus formed on the cells of the 
 lungs by the minute ramifications of the pulmo- 
 nary artery. 
 
 Rete Mucosum, Corpus mucosum. 
 
 Rete Testis, Rete Vasculo'sum Testis seu 
 Halleri. An irregular plexus or network, formed 
 by the communication of the Vasa recta, Tu'bnli 
 seu Duc'tidi recti, at the upper and back part of 
 the testicle. These Vasa recta are sent out at 
 the back part of the testicle, from the convoluted 
 seminal tubes. The Rete Vasculosum testis sends 
 out from twelve to eighteen straight tubes, called 
 Vasa efferentia, which convey the semen from 
 the testes to the epididymus. 
 
 RETENTIO, Retention — r. Aerea, Dyspnosa 
 — r. Alvina, Constipation — r. Bills, Ischocholia. 
 
 Retentio Fluxus HyEMORRHo'iDALis. Sup- 
 pression of the haemorrhoidal flux. 
 
 Retentio Fcetus, Dystocia — r. Lactis, Ischoga- 
 lactia — r. Lochiorum, Ischiolochia — r. Mensium, 
 
RETENTION 
 
 ■98 
 
 EETROPHARYNGEAL 
 
 see Anienorrlicea — r. Spermatis, Ischospermia — 
 r. Sudoris, Hydroschesis. 
 
 RETEN'TION, Reten'tio, Apolep'sia, Ajoolep'- 
 sis, from retinere, retentum, (re, and tenere,) ' to 
 hold back.' Accumulation of a solid or liquid 
 substance, in canals intended for its excretion, or 
 in a reservoir, intended to contain it for a short 
 period. 
 
 Retention of Ueixe : Paru'ria Retenfio'nia 
 veiiica'lls, Ischu'ria vesica'Ua, Retentio Uri'nce, 
 fF.) Retention d'urine. A disease in which the 
 urine accumulated in the bladder cannot be evac- 
 uated ; or, at least, cannot be passed without 
 extreme difBculty. In the former case, the re- 
 tention is said to be complete ; in the latter, in- 
 complete. Many writers have distinguished three 
 degrees of this affection, to which they have given 
 the names Dysury, Strangury, and Tschury. Re- 
 tention of urine may depend upon loss of con- 
 tractility, paralysis of the bladder, &c., or on 
 some obstacle to the passing of the urine, as in 
 cases of pressure of the womb on the bladder, of 
 tumours in its vicinity, foreign bodies in its cavity, 
 inflammation of the urethra, swelling of the pros- 
 tate, stricture, ko. The pain is extremely violent, 
 and the bladder may be found distended above 
 the i^ubis. The treatment consists in introducing 
 the catheter, or puncturing the bladder, and in 
 combating the cause, which has produced the re- 
 tention, by particular means adapted to each case. 
 RETENTISSANT, Resonant. 
 RETENTISSE2IENT, Resonance — r. Auto- 
 pJionique, see Autophonia. 
 RETIA UTERI, see Uterus. 
 RETICULAR, Re'tiform, Reticula'ris, Ret'- 
 iiius, AmjjhiblestroVdes, DyctoV des, Retifor'min, 
 from rete, (diminutive reticulum,) 'a net.' That 
 which resembles a net. An epithet applied to 
 many structures in the body. 
 
 Reticular Body, Corpus mueosum — r. Sub- 
 stance, Cellular tissue. 
 
 RETICULARIA OFFICINALIS, Lichen pul- 
 monarius. 
 
 RETICULUM: diminntive of rete, 'a net.' 
 The Bonnet or Honeycomb ha(j or stomach, (Sc.) 
 Kingshood, (F.) Bonnet, Reseau — the second sto- 
 mach of the ruminant animal. See also, Epiploon, 
 and Rete. 
 
 Reticulum Cutaneum, Rete mueosum — r. 
 Mueosum, Rete mueosum. 
 RETIFORM, Reticular. 
 
 RET'INA, from rete, 'a net;' Tu'nica ret'ina 
 sen reticula'ris seu retlfor'mis seu in'lima seU 
 ner'vea oc'uli, Involu'crum reti compctra'tum, Ver- 
 rictda'ris membra' na, AmpTiiblestro'i' des mernbra- 
 na, (F.) Retine. A soft, pulpy, grayish, semi- 
 transparent, very thin membrane; extending 
 from the optic nerve to the crystalline, embracing 
 the vitreous humour, and lining the choroid; 
 without, however, adhering to either of those 
 parts. It terminates by a defined edge — margo 
 denia'tus — at the posterior extremities of the 
 ciliary processes. It is constituted, according to 
 most anatomists, by the expansion of the optic 
 nerve. The retina appears to be formed of seve- 
 ral laminiB ; so joined together, that it is difiH- 
 cult to discriminate them. The one — the inner- 
 most — is medullary, and pulpy; the other — the 
 outer — is stronger, and fibro-vaseular. The retina 
 is the essential organ of vision ; on it the images 
 of objects are impressed. Both it and the optic 
 nerve are devoid of general sensibility. They 
 may be punctured or lacerated without pain being 
 experienced. The nerve of general sensibility 
 distributed to the eye is the fifth pair. 
 
 RETINACULA, see Retinaculum — r. Mor- 
 gagnii, sec Fraena of the valve of Bauhin. 
 
 RETINACULUM, from retinere, (re, and te- 
 nere,) ' to hold back.' A surgical instrument, 
 
 formerly used in the operation of castration ; and 
 in that of hernia, to prevent the intestines from 
 falling into the scrotum. — Scultet. Retinacula 
 are also band-like extensions of a cellulo-mem- 
 branous structure, which seem to suspend the 
 ovum in the Follicle of De Graaf. They appear 
 to correspond to the chalazK of the egg of tho 
 bird. 
 
 Retinaculum, Bride. 
 
 Retinac'ulum Ten'dinum Peroneo'rum, Ya- 
 gi'na malleola'ris extern'a. The ligamentous 
 sheaths that retain in situ at the outer ankle the 
 tendons of the peroneal muscles. 
 
 RET'INAL, Retina'lis. Relating or apper- 
 taining to the retina. 
 RETINE, Retina. 
 
 RETINI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Ret'inm, AmpM- 
 blestroidi'tis, Bictyi'tis, (F.) Relinite, from retina 
 and iiis, a sufiix denoting inflammation, — a term 
 of hybrid formation. Inflammation of the retina ; 
 an uncommon affection, except as an accompjani- 
 ment of other forms of ophthalmia. 
 
 RETINOiDE, see RMtinole. 
 
 RETINOLE, see Rhetinole. 
 
 RETINOS'COPY, Retinoscoj/in, from retina, 
 and cKo-rtw, '1 view.' Examination of the retina. 
 
 RETINUS, Reticular. 
 
 RETORT', Retor'ta, Botin, Conni, Cornu'ta, 
 Cornes'ta, Cornumtisa , (F .) Cornue, from retorqtieo, 
 (re, and torqueo, tortnm,) 'I bend back.' A ves- 
 sel, commonly of glass or earthenware, employed 
 in distillation. It may be plain, or have a tubu- 
 lure for admitting substances whilst the distilla- 
 tion is going on. In the latter case, it is said to 
 be tu'bulated, (F.) Cornue tubulee. 
 
 RETRACTION, Retrac'tio, from retrahere, 
 (re, and trahere, tractum,) 'to draw back.' State 
 of a part, when drawn towards the centre of the 
 body or backwards; — as retraction of the tes- 
 ticles. Sometimes it is used synonymously with 
 slwrteiiing or draicing up j as in retraction of the 
 thigh. 
 
 RETRACTION BE LA MATRICE, Retro- 
 versio uteri. 
 
 RETRACTOR ANGULI ORIS, Buccinator. 
 
 RET'RAHENS AURIS, Poste'rior seu Triceps 
 Auris, Tricauda'lis, ReiraJiens Aiiric'ulce sen 
 Auriculam, Seeun'dus proprio'rum Auric'idcB, Bi- 
 caitda'lis, Dep'rirnens Auric'ulcg, Proprius Auris 
 externcB, (F.) Masto'ido-conchini en , Masto'ido-ori- 
 culuire (Ch.), Auriculaire posterienr. It consists 
 of one or more small fasciculi or fleshy, thin, 
 somewhat irregular fibres, situated behind the 
 ear. These are attached to the mastoid process, 
 and pass horizontally forwards, to terminate at 
 the convexity formed by the concha of the ear. 
 If this muscle had any use, it would carry the 
 ear backwards. 
 
 RETRAIT VENTRICULAIRE, Heart, hy- 
 pertrophy of the. 
 
 RETRECISSEMENT, Aretatio, Stricture— »-. 
 de I'Urethre, Urethrostenosis. 
 
 RETRIMENTA VESICA, Urine. 
 
 RETRIMENTUM, Excrement 
 
 RETROCES'SION, Retroces'sio, Retroces'sua, 
 Retrogres'sn«, from retrocedere, retmcessum, (re- 
 tro, ' backwards,' and cedere, ' to give place.') 
 The act of going back. A disappearance or me 
 tastasis of a tumour, eruption, &c., from th< 
 outer part of the body to the inner. 
 
 RETROCESSUS, Retrocession. 
 
 RETROFLEXIO UTEUI, see Retroversia 
 uteri. 
 
 RETROGRESSUS, Retrocession. 
 
 RETROPHARYNGE'AL, Retrojyhnriipuje'iis, 
 from retro, 'backwards,' and pJiarynx, 'the pha- 
 rynx. Relating to parts behind the pharynx, — 
 
rUtropulsion 
 
 799 
 
 RHAGE 
 
 as 'retropharyngeal abscess,' — an abscess behind 
 the pharynx. 
 
 RETROPULSION DE LA MATRICE, Re- 
 
 troversio uteri 
 
 RETR0-U'TERrXE,i?efro-««eri"'n7/», (F.) Re- 
 (ro-uten'ii, from retro, and uterus. Behind the 
 uterus, as retro-uterine ahscens, (F.) Abces retro- 
 uten')i ; — an abscess seated behind the uterus. 
 
 RETROVACCINA'TIOX, from retro, ' baclc- 
 wards,' and vaccinution. Vaccination -with matter 
 obtained from the cow, after inoculating the ani- 
 mal with vaccine matter from the human subject. 
 RETROVER'SIO U'TERI, [retro, ' back- 
 wards, ' and vertere, verstini, 'to turn.') Retrover- 
 eirin of the Uterus, ^dopto'eis Uteri retrover'sa, 
 Auiipod' tsis seu Anapodis'mus Uteri, (F.) Retro- 
 versiou, Retraction, Obliqnile ou Jietropulsioii 
 de let Jfatrice. A change in the position of the 
 uterus, so that the fundus of the organ is turned 
 towards the concavity of the sacrum, whilst the 
 neck is directed towards the symphysis pubis. 
 This displacement is commonly attended with 
 constipation, tenesmus, and retention of urine. 
 Its usual period of occurrence is between the 
 third and fourth months of pregnancy ; before 
 the uterus has escaped above the superior aper- 
 ture of the pelvis. In the treatment, the cathe- 
 ter must be regularly used twice a day, until the 
 uterus, by its growth, rises above the pelvis. 
 The catheter should be small, flat, and curved 
 considerably more than common, in consequence 
 of the distorted course of the urethra. The 
 bowels must be kept open ; and absolute rest, in 
 a recumbent posture, be enjoined. Should it be 
 impracticable to draw off the urine, attempts 
 must be made to replace the uterus. The woman 
 being on her hands and knees, the fore and 
 midrlle fingers of the accoucheur's left hand are 
 to be passed up the rectum to the fundus uteri ; 
 which they must elevate, whilst the cervix uteri 
 is carefullj' depressed by two fingers of the right 
 hand in the vagina. Should the fingers em- 
 ployed to elevate the fundus not be long enough 
 to effect this object, a piece of whalebone may be 
 substituted, having a small piece of sponge at- 
 tached to one extremity as a pad. 
 
 A simple inclination, or bending of the uterus, 
 backwards, is termed Retrojiex'ion of the U'tcrus, 
 Retroflex'io U'teri : not unfrequently, however, 
 this is used synonymously with Retroversion of 
 the Uterus. 
 
 RETROVERSION BE LA MATRICE, Re- 
 troversio uteri. 
 
 REUXIO, Synthesis — r. Partium separalarum, 
 see Synthesis — r. per Primam intentionem, see 
 Intention — r. per Seeundam intentionem, see In- 
 tention — r. Vasorum, Anastomosis. 
 
 REUNION PRUIITIYE, see Intention — r. 
 Secotidaire, see Intention. 
 
 REVACCINATIOX, see Vaccina. 
 
 RETALENTA ARABICA, see Ervum. 
 
 REVASSERIE, Incoherence; see Somnium. 
 
 RE VE, Somnium. 
 
 RE VEIL, see Sleep — r. en Sursaut, see Sleep. 
 
 REVELLEXT, Derivative. 
 
 REVERIE, AiiheWm. 
 
 REVERY, Aphelxia. 
 
 REVIVIFICATIOX, Resuscitation. 
 
 REVULSIF, Derivative. 
 
 REVUL'SIOX, Revnl'sio, from re, and vellere, 
 vnlsum, ' to pluck ;' Antis'pasie. The act of 
 turning the principle of a disease from the organ 
 in which it seems to have taken its seat. Rube- 
 facients, vesicatories, bleeding in the foot. &c., 
 are often used for this purpose. See Derivation. 
 
 REVULSIVE, Derivative — r. Bleeding, see 
 Bloodletting. 
 
 -r. Mo- 
 
 REVULSORIUS, Derivative. 
 REX AMARORUil, Soulamen amara 
 tallorum, Aurum. 
 
 REYXOLDS'S SPECIFIC, see Vinum colchici. 
 REZZLE, Wheeze. 
 RHA, Rheum. 
 
 BHABARBARUM, Rheum —r. Album, Con- 
 volvulus mechoacan — r. Antiquorum, Rheum 
 Rhaponticum — r. Dioscoridis, Rheum Rhaponti- 
 cum — r. Monachorum, Rumex patientia — r. Xi- 
 grum, Convolvulus jalapa — r. Pauperum, Tha'.ie- 
 tron — r. Sibericum, Rheum — r.Tartaricum, Rheum 
 — r. Turcicum, Rheum. 
 
 RHABARBE, Rheum— r. Blanche, Convol- 
 vulus mechoacan — r. Fa-nsse, Thalictron — /•. des 
 hides. Convolvulus mechoacan — r. des Jloines, 
 Rumex Alpinus — r. Snuvage, Rumex patientia. 
 RHABDOIDES (SUTURA), Sagittal suture. 
 RHABILLEUR, Renouer. 
 RHACHET^, Rachitc-e. 
 RHACHETRUM, Medulla spinalis. 
 RHACHI.^II, Rhachitee. 
 RHACHIAGRA, Rachisagra. 
 RHACHIALGIA, Rachialgia, Rhachiodynia, 
 Spinal irritation. 
 i RHACHIALGITIS, Spinal irritation. Myelitis. 
 j RHACHIDAGRA, Rachisagra, Rachialgia, 
 I Rhachiodynia. 
 
 ! RIIACHIOCYPHOSIS, Gibbositas. 
 ; RIIACHIODYX'IA, from Vx'f- ' "^e verte- 
 bral column,' and oivvT], 'pain;' RhackiaVgia. 
 Pain in the vertebral column. 
 ; RHACHIOMYELITIS, Myelitis. 
 I RHACHIOPLEGIA, Paraplegia. 
 RHACIIIOSCOLIOMA, Scoliosis. 
 I RHACHIOSCOLIOSIS, Scoliosis, 
 t RHACHIOSTROPHO'SIS, from V^i?, ' the 
 I vertebral column,' and crpt^u, ' I turn :' Coutor- 
 i tio colum'vcB vertebra'lis. Deviation of the ver- 
 j tebral column. 
 
 I RHACHIOT'OMUS, Rhachiot'omwn, from 
 i 'pax's, ' the vertebral column,' and to/jt), ' incision.' 
 I An instrument for opening the vertebral column. 
 I RHACHIPA'GIA, Rachipa'gio, from 'paxis, 
 I 'the spine,' and -ayto, 'I fasten.' A monstrous 
 ' union of two foetuses, in which they are connected 
 at the spine. 
 
 RHACHIPARALYSIS, Paraplegia. 
 RHACHIPHYMA. Rachiphyma. 
 RHACHIRRIIEUMA, Lumbago. 
 RHACHIS, Vertebral column — r. Xasi, see 
 Xasus. 
 
 RHACHISAGRA, Rachisagra. 
 "RHACHI'TjE, from 'paxirns, appertaining or 
 relating to V'a:t'f. 'the vertebral column;' Rha- 
 chics'i, Roehi'tcB, Rhache'tm, or Ruchim'i. The 
 muscle? of the spine. 
 
 RHACHITES, Medulla spinalis. 
 RnACHITICUS, Rachiticus. 
 RHACHITIS, Rachitis — r. Adultorum, MoUi 
 ties ossium— r. Spinalis, Rachisagra. 
 RHACniTISMUS, Rachitis. 
 RHACHOSIS, Rachosis. 
 RHACHUS, Rhacns, Rhagus, from 
 'pvyvvfii, 'to break.' A wrinkle. A 
 
 payii), or 
 iceration 
 
 of the skin. A lacerated ulcer — ulcus liic"erum. 
 
 RHACUS, Rhachus, Wrinkle. 
 
 RH^BOCRAXIA, Torticollis. 
 
 RHAG'ADES, 'payaic?, Rhngn'din, from 'payiu 
 or 'p-nyvvjiL, 'to break or rend ;' Scissn'r(p, Fissu'- 
 rcp, FimcB. Ruptures, chaps, or narrow and long 
 ulcers, which form near the origin of mucous 
 membranes, especially around the anus, and 
 which are generally owing to the syphilitic virus. 
 
 Rhagades, see Fissure. 
 
 RHAGE, Roge, 'payjj. Same etymon. A suf- 
 fix denoting violent rupture or discharge, as in 
 IlemoTrhage. Menorrhagia, <tc. 
 
 Rhage, Fissure. 
 
RHAGES 
 
 800 
 
 RHEUMATISM 
 
 RHAGES. ITvfB passse. 
 
 RHAGICUS, Rhagoides. 
 
 RHAGODEITIS, Uveitis. 
 
 RHAGOI'DES, Rhago'den, RTiagouleus, RJia'- 
 gicus, from 'pa^, 'payos, 'a berry,' 'a grape.' 
 Grape-like ; as Tunica Rhagoides : the uvea. 
 Also, the choroid coat of the eye. , 
 
 RHAGUS, Rhaehus, Wrinkle. 
 
 RHAMXI RACC^, see Rhamnus— r. Succ.us, 
 see Rhamnus. 
 
 RHAMNUS, 'pa/ivog, R. cathar'ticns, Spina 
 cejvi'na sen domes' tica seu infeeto'ria, Rhamnus 
 Boluti'vuB, Cervispi'na, Buckthorn, Purging buck- 
 thorn, (F.) Nerprun jjurgatif, Bourguepine, 
 Epine de cerf. Family, Rhamnaceso. Sex. Si/st. 
 Pentandria Monogynia. The berries — Rhamni 
 BacccB — have a faint and disagreeable odour; and 
 bitterish, nauseous taste. Their juice — Rhamni 
 Succus — is cathartic, and apt to excite griping, 
 ■which must be obviated by the use of diluents. 
 
 Rhamnus ALATER'jias, R. Hispun'icus, Alater'- 
 niis laiifo'lius, Common alnternus, (F.) Alaterne. 
 The leaves have been used as detergents and as- 
 tringents, in the form of gargle especially. 
 
 RhAJINUS Fran'gula, Black Alder, Frangula 
 Alnus, Alnua Nigra, (F.) Arine noir, Bourdane, 
 Boiirgine. All the parts of this tree, a,s well as 
 of the common alder, are astringent and bitter. 
 The bark is most so. The inner, yellow bark of 
 the trunk or root acts as a cathartic. It has also 
 been employed as an anthelmintic. 
 
 Rhamxus HiSPANicns, R. alaternus — r. Jujuba, 
 see Jujube — -r. Lotus, see Jujube — r. Ziziphus, see 
 Jui'ube. 
 
 RHANTER, Canthus, (greater.) 
 
 RHAPHANEDOX, Raphanedon. 
 
 RHAPHANIA, Raphania. 
 
 RHAPHANIS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RHAPHANUS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RHAPHE. Raphe. Suture. 
 
 RHAPHOSYMPH'YSIS, from pa<pr„ 'suture,' 
 and cvyjpvtjis, 'union.' Union by suture, — as of 
 the bones of the cranium. 
 
 RHAPHYS. Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RHAPONTICUM, Rheum Rhapontieum — r. 
 Vulgare, Centaurea centaurium. 
 
 RHAPONTIQUE, Rheum rhapontieum. 
 
 RHAPS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RHAPYS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RHATANIA. Krameria ratanhia. 
 
 RHAX, see Vitis vinifera. 
 
 RHEGE. Cramp, Contusion, Laceration. 
 
 RHEGMA, Cramp, Contusion, Laceration, 
 Rhexis — r. Ligamentare, Apospasma. 
 
 RHEGMUS, Cramp, Contusion, Laceration. 
 
 RHEMBASMUS, Somnambulism. 
 
 RHEMBE, Rhembus, 'a, wandering about,' 
 from 'ftji^eiv, ' to wander about.' Irregularity in 
 the return of febrile paroxysms. 
 
 RHEMBUS, Rhembe. 
 
 RHEXCHUS, Rattle, Snoring. 
 
 RHENXrS, Rattle, Snoring. 
 
 RHEON, Rheum. 
 
 RHETIXE, Resin. 
 
 RHETINOCERON, Resinatum. 
 
 RHETINOLE. A name given by M. Beral 
 to a medicine, which results from the union of a 
 resin with other medicinal substances. The 
 Rhetinoles of Beral differ from the Rhetino'idea 
 in containing but one resin, whilst in the latter 
 there are several. 
 
 RHETINO'lDES, see RUtinoU. 
 
 RHETINOTON, Resinatum. 
 
 RHEUM, (pronounced roo??!,) i27i,e!j'mrj, ptxifin, 
 (F.) Rhume ; from 'pm, 'to flow.' Any thin 
 •watery discharge from mucous membranes or 
 skin ; as the thin discharge from the air passages 
 arisiuE' from cold. 
 
 Rhecm, Salt. A popular name in the United 
 States, like 'tetter,' for various cutaneous affec- 
 tions of the eczematous and herpetic forms more 
 especially. It is at times applied to a kind of 
 chronic psoriasis; and likewise to cutaneous af- 
 fections in those who immerse the hands in me- 
 tallic or acid solutions. Webster defines it "a 
 vague and indefinite popular name, applied to 
 almost all the non-febrile cutaneous eruptions 
 which are common among adults, except ring- 
 worm and itch," 
 
 Rhe'um, Rhabar'barum, Rheon, Rha, Rhoeum, 
 Lap'athum orienta'le seu Chinen'se, Rhabar'ba- 
 rum ve'vum seu Tartar'icum seu Siber'icum seu 
 Tur'cieum, Rhubarb, (F.) Rhabarbe, Rhubarbe. 
 From Rha, now called Wolga, a river in Russia 
 from which it was first brought. Ord. Poly- 
 gonacese. Sex. Syst. Enneandria Trigynia. The 
 root — Rheiim — is the part used in medicine. Its 
 odour is aromatic, peculiar, and rather nauseous; 
 taste, somewhat aromatic, subacrid, bitterish, and 
 astringent. It colours the saliva and the urine 
 yellow. It is easily pulverized, and forms a pow- 
 der of a bright bufF-yellow colour. Both water 
 and spirit extract its virtues. Rhubarb root is 
 purgative, stomachic and astringent. [?] It is 
 chiefly use-d for the properties first mentioned. 
 Externally, the powder is sometimes sprinkled 
 over ulcers, to assist their granulation. Dose, ^j 
 to ^ss of the powder. In a smaller dose, it is 
 stomachic. 
 
 Numerous species of Rheum, Rh. palmatnm, 
 Rh. undulatum, and Rh. compactum, have purga- 
 tive roots. 
 
 The rhubarbs most used in the United States 
 are the Chinese or India Rhubarb — Rheum Si- 
 nen'se seu In'dicum ; the Russian, Turkey or Ba^ 
 charian Rhubarb — Rheum Rus'sicum seu Tur'ci' 
 cum ; and Europjean Rhubarb. 
 
 Rheum CoMPACTrM, Rheum — r. Indicum, see 
 Rheum — r. Palmatum, Rheum. 
 
 Rheum Rhapon'ticum, Rhapon'tic Rhubarb; 
 Rhapon' tieum, Rhabar'barum Bioscor'idis seu 
 Antiquo'rum, (F.) Rhapontique, Rhapontie, Ra- 
 pontic. The root of this seems to have been the 
 rhubarb of the ancients. It is more astringent 
 than that of the rheum palmatum, and less pur- 
 gative; for the latter purpose, two or three 
 drachms being required for a dose. French, Rha- 
 pontie, OT Krimea Rhubarb, \s obtained from this 
 species, as well as from Rh. undulatum, and Rh. 
 compactum. 
 
 Rheum Eussicum, see Rheum — r. Sinense, see 
 Rheum — r. Turcicum, see Rheum — r. Undulatum, 
 see Rheum. 
 
 RHEUMA, Catarrh, Diarrhoea, Rheum, Rheu- 
 matism. Also, inflammation of a fibrous tissue, 
 as in rheumatism and gout. — Fuchs. 
 
 Rheuma Cataerhale, Bronchitis, (chronic) 
 — r. Epidemicum, Bronchitis, chronic, Catarrh, 
 epidemic — r. Pectoris, Catarrh — r. Uteri, Leu- 
 eorrhoea. 
 
 RHEUMAPYRA, Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 RHEUMARTHRITIS, see Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 RHEUMARTHROSIS, see Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 RHEUxMATALGIA, Rheumatism, chronic— r. 
 Arthritica, see Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 RHEUMAT'IC, Rheumat'icus, Rheumatis'mnl, 
 (F.) Rhnmatismal, Rhumatique. Belonging to 
 rheumatism ; as rheumatic fever. Also, applied to 
 one affected with rheumatism; (F.) Rhumatisant. 
 
 Rheumat'ic Diath'esis, Diath'esis rheumat'- 
 ica. The special condition of the body that gives 
 occasion to rheumatism. It may exist without 
 presenting the usual phenomena in the joints; 
 whilst the heart may be seriously affected. 
 
 RHEUMATICS, Rheumatism. 
 
 RHEU'MATISxM, Catarrhce'a from 'peviia, 
 'pev/ia-og, 'a defluxion, catarrh.' Dolor Rheumat ~ 
 
EHEUMATISM 
 
 801 
 
 RHEUM ATOPHTHALMIA 
 
 ious et arthrit'icus, (Hoffman,) Rheumafo'sh Myo- 
 eo'tis, Eheuma, Mi/odyn'-ia, (vulg.) liheu'matiz, 
 Bheumat'ics, (F.) lihumatisme. A kind of shift- 
 ing phlegmasia or neuralgia,sometimes seated in 
 the muscles, sometimes in the parts surrounding 
 the joints; and at others, within' them. Hence 
 the names 3fuscnlar, Articular, and Synovial, 
 which have been applied to it. The disease may 
 be acute, or chronic. 
 
 Kheujiatism of the Abdomen, Coeliorrheuma. 
 Rheumatism, Acute, Rheumatis' mus acu'tua 
 seu articulo'rum acu'tua seu universa' lis febri'- 
 lis seu iiiflammato'rius seu hupersthen'icua, Ar- 
 thro'sia acuta, Rheumatojy'yra, Rheumap'yra, 
 Febrie rheumat'ica injlammato' ria, Syn'ocha 
 rheumat'ica, Myoso'tia, Myi'tis, Carima seu 
 Arthri'tis rkeumatiamua, ArtTiro-rhevmatis' mua, 
 Synovi'tia rheumntisma'lia, Hcemo- arthri'tis, 
 Rheumat'ic Fever, (¥.) Bhenmatisme aigu, Rh. 
 articulaire aigu, Fi^vre rhumatismale, usually 
 comes on with the ordinary symptoms of fever; 
 soon after which, or simultaneously, or even be- 
 fore the appearance of febrile signs, excruciating 
 pains are felt in different parts of the body, par- 
 ticularly in the larger joints, which are more or 
 less red and swollen ; the pain shifting from one 
 to the other, at times with great rapidity. The 
 disease rarely terminates in less than six weeks, 
 during the greater part of which period the febrile 
 symptoms remain severe; and what is peculiar to 
 the disease, the skin may be covered daily with 
 a profuse perspiration, although it feels extremely 
 hot, and the pulse appears in no way modified by 
 it. It is one of the essential symptoms of the 
 affection, and consequently affords no relief. The 
 only danger to be apprehended from acute rheu- 
 matism, notwithstanding the apparent severity 
 of the symptoms, is the translation or extension 
 of the disease [metastat' ic rheu'matism) to some 
 internal part, especially to the heart. This ten- 
 dency must always be borne in mind. Acute 
 rheumatism seldom terminates in chronic; they 
 who are liable to the former are rarely so to the 
 latter, and conversely. The disease will gene- 
 rally run its course in spite of treatment. The 
 usual antiphlogistic plan had better be pursued 
 during the first days of the disease. Blood-let- 
 ting may be employed, if the vigour of the pa- 
 tient and of the disease seem to require it; but, 
 although the blood is generally buffy, bleeding 
 does not usually seem to afford much relief. The 
 bowels must be kept open ; effervescent draughts 
 be administered, and opium be given in full doses 
 to allay pain. This is, generally, all that is ne- 
 cessary during the first week ; after which, ad- 
 vantage will usually be obtained from the exhi- 
 bition of the sulphate of quinia with sulphuric 
 acid. It does not augment the excitement, and 
 will be found proper in almost all cases. Rheu- 
 matic inflammation is very different from other 
 varieties, and this may account for the anomaly. 
 After a few weeks, the disease usually goes off, 
 but leaves the patient very liable to a recurrence 
 on slight exposures or errors of diet. At times, 
 acute rheumatism of the joints puts on the ap- 
 pearance of gout, and seems to be a complication 
 of the two affections. It is then called Gouty or 
 Arthrit'ic rheumatism or Rheumatic govt, Rheu- 
 vmtal'gia arthrit'ica, Rheumarthro'sis, Rheumar- 
 thri'tis, Arthri'tis rheumat'ica seu jureni'lis. 
 
 Rheumatism of the Arm, Brachiorrheuma — 
 r. Arthritic, see Rheumatism, acute — r. of the 
 Bladder, Cystorrheuma — r. of the Bowels, Ente- 
 rorrheuma. 
 
 Rheumatism, Cap'sular, Rhenmntis'mua cap- 
 sula'ris. Rheumatism seated in the lining mem- 
 brane of the joints and bursse of the tendons. 
 The parts most liable to its attacks are the feet 
 and hands, where it is generally easily recognised 
 61 
 
 by the enlargement of the joints; but the pecu- 
 liar characters of the disease are, pefhaps, most 
 strikingly seen when it attacks the knee. _ 
 R,heumatism of the Chest, Pleurodynia. 
 Rheumatism, Chronic, Arthro'sia chronica, 
 Rheumatismus chronicus seu nonfehri' lis seu vul- 
 ga'ris seu invetera'tus seu habitua'lia seu frig" i- 
 dus, Rheumatal'gia, Rhumatal'gia, Rhenmntodyn'- 
 ia, Arthrodyn'ia, Arthritis arlhrodynia, (F.)Rhu- 
 matisme chrouiquc, Rhumatahjiv. i? attended with 
 pains in the hips, shoulders, knees, and other 
 large joints. These are at times confined to 
 one joint; at others, shift from one to another, 
 without occasioning inflammation, or fever. In 
 this manner, the complaint often continues for a 
 great length of time, and then goes off. There is 
 no danger attendant upon it ; but the patient may 
 become lame, and is always liable to painful re- 
 currences. Neither variety generally terminates 
 in suppuration ; but effusion of coagulable lymph 
 is apt to occur, so as to occasion permanent 
 thickening of the parts. The great preventive 
 of chronic rheumatism, and one of the most valu- 
 able curative agents, is flannel, worn next the 
 skin. The whole class of rubefacients may, also, 
 be used with advantage. The warm bath, espe- 
 cially the natural warm bath, the temperature of 
 which does not vary, is perhaps the most success- 
 ful remedy of all. 
 
 Rheumatism of the Extremities, Acrorrheu- 
 ma — r. of the Face, Prosoporrheuma — r. Gouty, 
 see Rheumatism, acute — r. of the Heart, Cardior- 
 rheuma — r. Lead, see Lead rheumatism — r. of the 
 Leg, Scelorrheuraa — r. of a Limb, Mcrorrheuma 
 — r. Local, Mcrorrheuma — r. of the Loins, Lum- 
 bago — r. Metastatic, see Bh. acute — r. of the 
 Neck, Torticollis — r. Partial, Mcrorrheuma. 
 
 Rheumatism, Preabdom'inal, (F.) Rhumatis- 
 me pre-abdomiiial. Rheumatism of the muscles 
 of the anterior and lateral portions of the abdo- 
 men ; supposed by MM. Genest and Requin to 
 be the same as the nervous affection of the peri- 
 toneum of Gooch. 
 
 Rheumatism Root, Jeffersonia Bartoni. 
 Rheumatism of the Skin, see Dermalgia — r. 
 Topical, Mcrorrheuma — r. of the Uterus, Me- 
 trorrheuma. 
 
 Rheumatism, Visceral. Rheumatism affect- 
 ing the muscular or fibrous tissues of the viscera. 
 Rheumatism Weed, P3'rola maculata, P. um- 
 bellata. 
 
 RHEUMATISMAL. Rheumatic. 
 RHEUMATISMUS ABDOMINIS, Coelior- 
 rheuma — r. Aoutus, Rheumatism, acute— r. Arti- 
 culorum aoutus. Rheumatism, acute — r. Bra- 
 chii, Brachiorrheuma — r. Cancrosus, Neuralgia 
 faciei — r. Cervicis, Torticollis — r. Colli, Torti- 
 collis — r. Cordis, Cardiorrheuma — r. Cruris, Sce- 
 lorrheuma — r. Dorsalis, Lumbago — r. Extremi- 
 tatum, Acrorrbeuma — r. Faciei, Prosoporrheu- 
 ma — r. Febrilis, Dengue — r. Inflammatorius seu 
 hypersthenicus, Rheumatismus acutus— r. Intes- 
 tinorum, Enterorrheuraa — r. Intestinorum cum 
 ulcere, Dysentery — r. Larvatus, Neuralgia faciei 
 — r. Localis, Mcrorrheuma — r. Membrorum sin- 
 gulorum, Mcrorrheuma — r. Non febrilis. Rheu- 
 matism, acute — r. Partialis, Mcrorrheuma — r. 
 Pectoris, Pleurodynia — r. Phlegmonodes, Myosi- 
 tis — r. Spurius nervosus. Neuralgia — r. Univer- 
 salis febrilis, Rheumatism, acute — r. Uteri, Me- 
 trorrheuma — r. Vesicte urinarise, Cystorrheuma 
 — r. Vulgaris seu inveteratus seu habitualis seu 
 friffidus, R,heumatism, chronic. 
 RHEUMATIZ, Rheumatism. 
 RHEUMATODYNIA, Rheumatism, chronic. 
 RHEUMATOPHTHAL'MIA, Rheumophthal'- 
 min ; from 'pcvfia, 'ptvfiaros, 'rheumatism,' and 
 o(p6a^iiia, * inflammation of the eyes.' Rheumatia 
 ophthalmia. 
 
P.PIEUMATOrYRA 
 
 802 
 
 RHOITES 
 
 RHEUMATOPYRA, Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 RHEUMATOSIS, Rheumatism. 
 
 RHEUMOPHTHALMIA, Rheumatophthal- 
 mia, Sclerotitis. 
 
 RHEXIS. 'prj^ig, Rhegma, Birtip'tio, Rwp'tio, 
 Jtiiptu'i-fi, Rupture. From 'p>iyvvnt, ' to break.' 
 Rupture of a vessel or organ. Spontaneous 
 opening of an abscess. 
 
 Rhexis Oc'oli. Bursting of the eye from any 
 cause: spontaneous or excited. 
 
 RHICNO'SIS, from ' iJiKvoofiai, ' to become wrin- 
 kled ;' Cutis corrtign'tto. Wrinkling of the skin 
 from extenuation of the body; opposed to erKaats, 
 or distension from repletion. 
 
 RHIGOS, Rigor. 
 
 RHIN, Nasus. 
 
 RHINALi'GIA, Rhinodyn'ia, from 'p«v, 'the 
 nose,' and a'Syog, 'pain.' Pain in the nose. 
 
 Rhinal'gia ab Intru'sis. Pain in the nose 
 from foreign bodies. 
 
 Rhinal'gia Vermino'sa. Pain in the nose 
 from worms. _ 
 
 RHINAN'CHONE, RMnan'gia, RMnostegno' - 
 ah; from 'piv, 'the nose,' and ayx^ovrj. 'narrow- 
 ness.' Contraction of the nose. Snuffles. 
 
 RHINANGIA, Rhinanchone, Snuffles. 
 
 RHINCHOS, Rostrum. 
 
 RHINENCEPHALIA, Cyclopia. 
 
 RHINEN'CHYSIS, Rhinenchys'ia, from 'piv, 
 'the nose,' £v, 'in,' and x^'^' '^ pour.' An infu- 
 sion or injection, made into the nostrils, with a 
 syringe called Rhinen'chites. 
 
 RHINES, Nares. 
 
 RHINITIS, Nasi'tis, from 'piv, 'pivo;, 'the 
 nose,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of the nose. Coryza. 
 
 Rhinitis Ulcerosa, Ozasna. 
 
 RHINOBLENNORRHCEA, Rhinorrhoea. 
 
 RHINOC'ACB, Cory'za scarlatino' m. ; from 
 'oiv, 'pivos, 'the nose,' and Kaxo;, 'evil.' The 
 offensive discharge from the nose, and other 
 symptoms indicating a morbid condition of the 
 Schneiderian membrane, that accompany the 
 worst forms of scarlatina. 
 
 RHINOCATARRHUS, Coryza. 
 
 RHINOCNES'MUS, from V", V"'"?, 'the 
 nose,' and Kvriaixog, 'itching.' Itching of the nose. 
 
 RHINODYNIA, Rhinalgia. 
 
 RHINOPHO'NIA, from 'piv, 'pivo;, 'the nose,' 
 and 'fiuyvri, ' the voice.' A nasal voice, called, also, 
 Dyspho'via immodala'ta nasa'lis, Porapho' nia 
 nasalis seu res'onans, PselUs'nius na'sitas, Myc- 
 teropho'nia, Na'sitas, Vox seu Parala'lia nasa'- 
 lis. Speaking through the nose. 
 
 RHINOPLAS'TIC, Rhinoplas'tica (a.Ts),Rhi'- 
 noplasty, from 'piv, 'pivoi, ' the nose,' and jrAao-o-w, 
 ' I form.' An epithet applied to the operation for 
 forming a new nose. The Taliacotian operatiun, 
 so called because described by Tagliacozzi. It 
 consists in bringing down a portion of flesh from 
 the forehead, and causing it to adhere to the an- 
 terior part of the remains of the nose. 
 
 RHINOP'TIA, from 'pii^, 'the nose,' and or- 
 TOjxai, 'I see.' The act of seeing over the nose. 
 Squinting over the nose. 
 
 RHINORRHAGIA, Epistasis. 
 
 RHINOR'RHAPHY, RhinorrJiaph'ia, from 
 'piv, 'pivog, 'nose,' and 'pa^i?, 'a suture.' An ope- 
 ration for the removal of epicanthis, which con- 
 sists in pinching up a longitudinal fold of the 
 skin, including this fold in two elliptical in- 
 cisions, removing it, and bringing together the 
 edges of the wound by harelip suture. 
 
 RHINORRHCE'A, Rhinohlenorrhoe' a, from 
 'piv, 'pivng, 'the nose,' and 'psia, 'I flow.' A dis- 
 charge of limpid mucus from the nose without 
 any inflammatory symptom. A gleet from the 
 
 RHINO'SIS, from 'pivo;, 'a skin, leather,' or 
 from piKvo;, 'rugous.' The state of looseness and 
 excess of skin observed in phthisis. — Vogel. 
 RHINOSTEGNOSIS, Rhinanchone. 
 RHIPTASMOS, Jactation. 
 RHIPTOLUSIA, Affusion. 
 RHIS, Nasus. 
 RHIZA, Radix. 
 
 RHIZAGRA, Punch. 
 
 RHIZO'MA, Rhizome, from 'p'?", 'a root.' The 
 part of the root of a plant, which consists of wood 
 or flesh, as in the carrot. 
 
 RHIZOPH'AGUS, from 'pt^a, 'a root,' and 
 ipayiii, ' I eat.' One who lives on roots. 
 
 RHIZOTOMIST, see Simples. 
 
 RHIZOTOMUS, Apothecary. 
 
 RHOA, Punica granatum. 
 
 RHODEL^'ON, Oleum rosa'rum. Oil of roses, 
 or oil impregnated with roses. 
 
 RHO'DIA, Rhodi'ola ro'sea, Rosea, Rosewort, 
 (F.) RJiodiole, from 'poSov, 'arose,' owing to its 
 odour. Sex. Syst. Dioecia Octandria. The root, 
 Roseroot, when dry, has a very pleasant smell, 
 and is slightly astringent. It is not used. 
 
 RHO'DINUS, 'pofivos, Rho'dius, Rosa'ceu«, 
 Ro'seus, Rosa'tus, (F.) Roaat, Rosy. Formed of, 
 or containing, roses. 
 
 RHODIOLA ROSEA, Rhodia. 
 
 RHODTOLE, Rhodia. 
 
 RIIODITES VINUM. Wine in which roses 
 have been macerated. 
 
 RHO'DIUM LIGNUM, Rhodium or Rosewood, 
 from 'poSov, 'a rose.' The wood or root of a tree 
 supposed to be Genis'ta Cannrien'sis of Linnaeus. 
 (F.) Bois de rose, Bois de Chyptre. Ord. Legumi- 
 nosa3. Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Deeandria. The 
 essential oil is a perfume, and possesses cordial 
 and tonic virtues. Its smell is attractive to fish, 
 rats, &c. 
 
 RHODIUS, Rhodinus. 
 
 RHODODAPHNE, Nerium oleander. 
 
 RHODODAPHNIS, Nerium oleander. 
 
 RHODODEN'DRON CHRYSAN'THEMUM, 
 R. chrysan'thinn seu au'reum seu ojjjicina'le, Ole- 
 an'dei; Rose-bay, Yellow rJtododeudrnm, Moun- 
 tain Laurel, (F.) Rosage, Ji. chrysanthe, Rose de 
 Siherie, from 'poSov, 'a rose,' and Stvipov, 'a 
 tree.' Nat. Ord. Ericaceae. Sex. Syst. Deean- 
 dria Monogynia. This plant hiis been recom- 
 mended in rheumatism, gout, and syphilis. In 
 an overdose, it produces acro-narcotic symp- 
 toms. 
 
 Rhoboden'dron Max'imdm, Great Laurel, Ame- 
 rican Rose-bay. An indigenous shrub, Ord. Eri- 
 caceae, which flowers in July. It is stimulant 
 and astringent, and has been used by the Indians 
 in gout and rheumatism. 
 
 RnoDODENDRON Puncta'tdm. Indigenous J bar 
 similar properties. 
 
 RHODOM'ELA PALMA'TA, ('poSov, 'arose, 
 and iie\i, 'honey,') Dulse, Sac'charine Fucus. 
 One of the Algae, eaten in large quantitie? 
 throughout the maritime countries of the north 
 of Europe, and in the Grecian Archipelago. 
 
 RHODOMELI, Mel rosse. 
 
 RHODON, Rosa, Rosa centifolia. 
 
 RHODOSAGCHARUM, Confeetio ros£e gal- 
 licae. 
 
 RHODOSTACTON, Mel rosee. 
 
 RHODOSTAGMA, Aqua rosro. 
 
 RHCEA. Punica granatum. 
 
 RHCEAS, see Papaver rhoeas. 
 
 RHOEBDESIS, Absorption. 
 
 RHCEUM, Rheum. 
 
 RHOGMOS, Rattle. 
 
 RHOI'TES, 'poirrts, a wine impregnated with 
 the pomegranate ; from 'poa, the Pomegranate, — 
 DiosGorides. A confection, made by boiling th« 
 
RHOMBOIDEUS 
 
 803 
 
 RIBWORT 
 
 juice of the pomegranate in honey. — Paulus of 
 ^gina. 
 
 RHOMBOIDE'US, from 'po//^oir, 'a rhombus,' 
 whose sides are equal, with two obtuse and two 
 acute angles. Rhomho'ideus mnjor and minor, 
 Rhomho'i'des, Cerviei-dorso-scnpulnire. A muscle 
 situate at the posterior inferior part of the neck, 
 and at the posterior part of the back. It has a 
 rliomboidal shape, and is attached, by its inner 
 edge, to the posterior cervical ligament, and to 
 the spinous processes of the last cervical verte- 
 bra, and of the first four or five dorsal. By its 
 outer edge, it is attached to the spinal or poste- 
 rior edge of the scapula. It is divided into two 
 fasciculi, constituting the Rhnmboidp.us major and 
 Rh. minor, the latter being situate higher than the 
 other. This muscle draws the scapula backwards 
 and upwards, and impresses upon it a rotatory 
 motion, which brings its inferior angle nearer to 
 the spine ; and, consequently, depresses the an- 
 terior angle and the shoulder. 
 
 RHOMBOS, 'po/i(3os. A bandage mentioned by 
 Galen, so called on account of its rhomboidal 
 shape. 
 
 PtHONCHAL, Rhoncha'lis, from rhonchus, 'rat- 
 tle.' Relating or appertaining to rhonchus ; — as 
 ' rhonchal fluctuation,' the fremitus that occurs 
 through the influence of respiration as an attend- 
 ant on cavernous rhonchi. — Walshe. 
 
 RHONCHUS, Rattle, Snoring, Stertor— r. Ca- 
 vernous, see Gurgling — r. Cavernulous, see Gur- 
 gling. 
 
 Rhonchus, Clicking. A rhonchus which has 
 been considered positively indicative of the exist- 
 ence of tubercles in the lungs. [?] 
 
 Rhonchus, Crepitans, Rale crepitant — r. Cre- 
 pitans Redux, see Crepitant — r. Mucous, see 
 Rale muquenx — r. Sibilans, see Rale crepitant — 
 r. Sibilus, Rale sibilant — r. Sonorus, Rale sonore 
 
 — r. Subcrepitant, see Rale muqueux. 
 RHOPALISMUS. Priapismus. 
 RHOPALOSIS, Plica, Pupil, Uvea, 
 RHOPE, Congestion. 
 RHOTACISMUS, Rotacism. 
 RHUBARB, Rheum — r. Chinese, see Rheum 
 
 — r. French, Rheum Rhaponticum — r. India, 
 see Rheum — r. Krimea, Rheum Rhaponticum 
 — r. Slonk's, Rumex Alpinus, Rumex patientia — 
 r. Poor man's, Thalictron — r. Rhapontie, Rheum 
 Rhaponticum — r. Russia, see Rheum — r. Turkey, 
 see Rheum — r. Wild, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 
 RHUBARBE, Rheum— r. Fausse, Thalictron 
 
 — r. des Indes, Convolvulus mechoacan — r. des 
 Paiivres, Thalictron — r, Sauvage, Rumex pati- 
 entia. 
 
 RHUE, Ruta. 
 
 RHUM, Rum. 
 
 RHUMAPYRA, Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 RHU3IATALGIA, Rheumatism, chronic. 
 
 RHUifATALGIE, Rheumatism, chronic. 
 
 RHUMATIQUE, Rheumatic. 
 
 RHUM A TISANT, Rheumatic. 
 
 RHUMATISMAL, Rheumatic. 
 
 RHUM A TISME, Rheumatism — r. Aigii, 
 Rheumatism, acute — r. Articulaire aigtt, Rheu- 
 matism, acute — r. Chroniqxie, Rheumatism, chro- 
 nic — r. Preahdominale, Rheumatism, prseabdom- 
 inal — r. d. l' Uterus, Metrorrheuma. 
 
 RHUME, Rheum — r. de Cerveau, Coryza — 
 r. de Poitrine, Catarrh. 
 
 RHUS COPALLINA, see Rhus glabra. 
 
 Rhus Coria'kiA, Adu'rion, Snmach, Shumach, 
 Elm-leaved Sumach, (F.) Sumac des Corroy- 
 eurs, Roure. Ord. Anacardiace*. Sex. Syst. 
 Pentandria Monogynia. This is the only species 
 of the genus rhus that is innocent. Both the 
 leaves and berries have been used as astringents 
 and tonics. 
 
 Rhus Glabra, ' Smooth Sumach,' Indige- 
 
 nous, and ofl5cinal in the Pharmacopoeia of the 
 United States. An infusion of the fruit — Rhus 
 glahruin [? ] — which is acid and astringent, has 
 been used as a cooling drink, and as a gargle. 
 An infusion of the inner bark of the root has been 
 recommended in mercurial ptyalism. 
 
 Rhus Radi'cans, R. vemix. Poison vine (Ame- 
 rica). This plant is poisonous (see Poisons, Ta- 
 ble of), and is extremely acrid, when applied to 
 the skin, producing erysipelas and vesications, 
 and has been used, like the next variety, in pa- 
 ralysis, and other nervous affections. 
 
 Rhus Sylvestbis, Myrica gale. 
 
 Rhus Typhi'na, Stag's horn Sumach, and Rhus 
 Copalli'na, Mountain Sumach, have similar 
 properties. 
 
 Rhus Toxicoden'dron, Toxicoden'dron, Poison 
 Oak {America), (F.) Sumac veneneux. This plant 
 has been used in paralytic afTections and cutane- 
 ous eruptions. It is poisonous, like the last. 
 Dose, gr. ss. to gr. iv. 
 
 Rhus Typhina, see Rhus glabra. 
 
 Rhus Venena'ta, Poison Sumach, and Rhus 
 Pu'mila, have similar properties. 
 
 Rhus Vernix, Rh. radicans. 
 
 RHYAS, from 'pttn, ' I flow.' An ulceration of 
 the lachrymal caruncle, with a constant flow of 
 tears. — Blancard. 
 
 RHYPARIA, Rupia, Sordes primarum viarum. 
 
 RHYPIA, Rupia. 
 
 RHYPOS, Sordes. 
 
 RHYPTICA, Detergents. 
 
 RHYPTICUS, Abstergent. 
 
 RHYSIS, Flux. 
 
 RHYSMUS. Rhythm. 
 
 RHYSSEMA, Wrinkle. 
 
 RHYTHM, Rhythmus, 'pv^jioc, Rhysmus, (F.) 
 Rhythme, ' measured movement.' The order of 
 proportion, as regards time, which reigns between 
 the different movements of an organ — as of the 
 organism in health and disease. Thus, rhythm 
 is applied to the diurnal variations of the pulse; 
 and to the paroxysmal movements of an inter- 
 mittent. 
 
 RHYTHxMICAL, Periodical. 
 
 Rhythmical Contractions of Muscles are 
 those that succeed one another after regular in- 
 tervals. 
 
 RHYTHMUS, Rhythm. 
 
 RHYTIDOSIS, Rutidosis. 
 
 RIB, Costa — r. False, see Costa — r. Floating, 
 see Costa — r. Sternal, see Costa — r. True, see 
 Costa. 
 
 RIBES GROSSULARIA, R. uva crispa. 
 
 RiBES Nigrum, R. ol'idnm, Grossula'ria nigra, 
 Cassis, Black Currant, Gazel, (F.) Groseillier 
 noir. Ord. Grossulacese. Sex. Syst. Pentan- 
 dria Monogynia. The Vjerries — Black currants — 
 have been recommended in sore-throat, as diu- 
 retics. The leaves have been advised for the 
 same purpose. They are chiefly used as preserves. 
 
 RiBES Olidum, R. nigrum — r. Officinale, R. 
 rubrum. 
 
 RiBES Rtjbrum, R. officina'le seu vvh/a're, 
 Grossula'ria non spino'sa seu rubra, Red cur- 
 rant, (F.) Groseillier rouge ; of which the White 
 is only a variety. It is cultivated, and affords 
 an agreeable fruit — Red currants, (F.) Groeeilles. 
 It possesses the qualities of the subacid fruits in 
 general, and makes an excellent preserve. 
 
 RiBES Uva Crispa, R. grossula'ria, Common 
 gooseberry. The fruit — Grossula'ria, (F.) Gro- 
 seille a: maquercau, Gooseberry, Feaherry — is 
 agreeable, and makes a good preserve. 
 
 RiBES VuLGABE, R. rubrum. 
 
 RIBGRASS, Plantas;o lanceolata. 
 
 RIBS, NECK OF THE, Collum costarum — r. 
 Short, see Costa. 
 
 RIBWORT, Plantago Virginica. 
 
EICE 
 
 804 
 
 BISUS 
 
 RICE, Oryza— r. Disease, Cholera— r. Ground, 
 see Oryza — r. Jelly, see Oryza. 
 
 Rice Water, see Oryza. The evacuations of 
 cholera have been termed — from their resem- 
 blance to riee-water — ' rice-water discharges ;' 
 and in India, ' congee discharges ;' — congee in 
 Hindoostanee meaning 'rice-water.' 
 
 Rice, Wild, Zizania aquatica.' 
 
 RICHARDSONIA, see Ipecacuanha. 
 
 RICHLEAF, Collinsonia Canadensis. 
 
 RICHWEED, Act»a racemosa, Ambrosia tri- 
 fida, Collinsonia Canadensis, Pilea pumila. 
 
 RICIX, Ricinus communis. 
 
 RICIN0IDE3, Jatropha curcas. 
 
 RICINUS COMMU'NIS, from ricinus, 'a 
 tick/ which its seed resembles; Ricinus viilga'ria 
 seu vir'idis, Pabna Christi, Caicipu'tla major, 
 Fnha purga'trix, Cerua, Kerua, Cici, Castor oil 
 plant, (F.) Ricin, Feve purgntif. Ord. Euphor- 
 biaceae. Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia. Cas- 
 tor-oil seeds, whence the oil is obtained, are in- 
 .odorous; taste acrid and slightlj' sweetish. One 
 or two seeds — Sem'ina Catapu'tim majo'ris seu 
 Rlc"ini viilga'ris — will act as a cathartic ; but the 
 oil is alone used. It is obtained by bruising the 
 castor-seeds, previously decorticated, and then 
 expressing the oil without the application of heat. 
 Recently-drawn castor oil, Oleum de kerva seu 
 Icervi'num, Alker'va,0. Ric"ini seu Cic"iniim seu 
 PalmtB liq'uidum seu de Pabna, Christi, — in the 
 United States often called simply Oil, (F.) Hnile 
 de Ricin — is inodorous and nearly insipid. It is 
 cathartic, operating speedily, and may be used in 
 all cases where powerfully stimulatinsc purgatives 
 would be injurious. Dose, f^j to f.^iss. Hufe- 
 land recommends that a drop of croton oil shall 
 be added to an ounce of the oil of poppy, and that 
 the mixture shall be called O'lemn Ric"ini Offi- 
 cina'le. 
 
 At the Cape of Good Hope the oil is obtained 
 from Ricinus lii-'idus. 
 
 A variety of Ricinus at Cape Yerd is employed 
 by the inhabitants to increase the secretion of 
 milk. It is applied in the form of poultice, made 
 with the green leaves, to the mamma?, or of a 
 strong decoction, with which the mammae and 
 the external parts of generation are washed. 
 
 Ricinus Lividus, see Ricinus communis — r. 
 Major, Jatropha curcas — r. Minor, Jatropha ma- 
 nihot — r. Yiridis, R. communis — r. Vulgaris, R. 
 communis. 
 
 RICK. Malleolus. 
 
 RICKETS, Rachitis. 
 
 RICKETY, Rachitieus. 
 
 RICTUS LUPOUS, see Harelip. 
 
 RIDE. Wrinkle. 
 
 RfDF, Wrinkled. 
 
 RIDING (of Bones). Ossivjn superposit"io, 
 (F.) Chevanchemenf. Displacement of the frag- 
 ments of a bone, chiefly produced by the contrac- 
 tion of muscles, which occasions shortening of 
 the limb; the fractured extremities riding over 
 each other instead of being end to end. 
 
 Riding-hag. Incubus. 
 
 RIFE, (Sax.) pype, (Prov.) Brief. Prevail- 
 ing; as applied to diseases. 
 
 RIFT, Eructation. 
 
 RIGIDITAS, Rigidity. 
 
 RiGiDiTAS ARTicuLo'nuir, AncyWsis sjni'ria. 
 Stiffness of the joints. False ancylosis. 
 
 RIGIDITY, Rigidity— r. Cado.virique, see Ri- 
 gidity. 
 
 RKMjyiTY , Rigid' itas. from rigere, 'to stiffen,' 
 {¥.) Rigidite, Roidcur, Raideur. Great stiffness 
 of fibre, or want of suppleness. The stiffness 
 of the dead body, Cadav'eric rigidity, (F.) Roideur 
 ou Rigidite cadaverique, is one of the signs of 
 the cessation of life. It may be removed, bow- 
 
 ever, for a time, by the injection into the artoriea 
 of oxygenated defibrinated blood. See Rigor 
 mortis. 
 
 RI'GOR, Rhigos, Algor, C<ddness, Cheim'ia, 
 {'E.) Frisson. Same etymon. Sensation of cold, 
 with involuntary shivering or shaking of the whole 
 body : — a sj'uiptom of fever. A slighter degree, 
 and at times full rigor, is occasionally termed a 
 chill, (Prov.) cream ; frigus ten'ue, perfrigera'tio. 
 
 Rigor Artuum, Contractura — r. Cadaverosus, 
 Rigor mortis — r. Corporis mortui. Rigor mortis 
 — r. Emortualis, Rigor mortis — r. Maxillae infe- 
 rioris. Trismus. 
 
 Rigor Mortis, R. eor'poris wor'tui seu cada- 
 vero'sus seu emortua'lis, Necronarce' ma, (F.) Roi- 
 deur ou Raideur ou Rigidite cadaverique. ' Stiff- 
 ness of death.' Death stiffening. The rigidity 
 of limbs that occurs on dissolution. See Rigidity. 
 
 Rigor Nervorum, Tetanus — r. Nervosus, Te- 
 tanus. 
 
 RIMA, Schisma, Schiza ; 'a fissure, a cleft;' 
 as Rima seu Ri'mula Glol'tidis seu Laryn'gis, the 
 opening of the glottis. Rima seu R. magna vuivsE, 
 Intro'itus, Sinus vulva, Scapha, Scap>hns seu Fis- 
 su'ra magna seu Scissu'ra vidvcB, Schiza, the 
 opening of the vulva. See Yulva. Rima oris, 
 the oi)ening of the mouth. 
 
 Rima Canalis Oebitarii, Suborbitar fissure — 
 r. ad Infundibulum, Vulva cerebri — r. Laryngis, 
 Rima glottidis — r. Magna Vulvae, see Rima — r. 
 Oris, see Rima — r. Transversa Magna Cerebri, Fis- 
 sure, transverse, of the brain — r. Vulvae, see Rima. 
 
 RIM^, Rhagades. 
 
 RIMULA GLOTTIDIS, Rima glottidis — r. 
 Laryngis, Rima glottidis. 
 
 RINJJUS, Compressor naris. 
 
 RINCHOS, Rostrum. 
 
 RING, (Sax.) hpins, pins, (Germ.) Ring, 
 Cricos, (F.) Anneau. A name given to natural, 
 circular, or roundish apertures, with muscular or 
 aponeurotic parietes, which serve for the passage 
 of some vessel or canal : — as the nmhilical ring, 
 inguinal ring, &c. 
 
 ■rings, FESTOONED, Annul! fibro-cartila- 
 ginei — r. Fibro-cartilaginous, Annuli fibro-carti- 
 lasinei. 
 
 RING-FINGER, Annular finger. 
 
 RINGMAN, Annular finger. 
 
 RINGWORM, Herpes circinatus — r. of the 
 Scalp, Porrigo scutulata — r. Ulcerative, Herpes 
 exedens — r. Vesicular, Herpes prseputii. 
 
 RIO YINAIGRO, Passambio. A stream of 
 some size in New Grenada, which is strongly im- 
 pregnated with sulphuric acid. 
 
 RJRE ou RIS, Risus— )•. Caniyi, Canine laugh 
 — r. Jfoqueur, Canine laugh — r. Sardonien, Ca- 
 nine laugh, Risus sardonicus — r. Sardouique, 
 Canine laugh. 
 
 RISAGON, Cassumuniar. 
 
 RISIGALLUM, Orpiment. 
 
 RISING, see Regurgitation — r. of the Lights, 
 Cynanche trachealis. 
 
 Rising or Eleva'tion- of the Pulse, Pulsus 
 eleva'tio. The pulse is said to rise, when it be- 
 comes more full and frequent, as occurs in the 
 exacerbation of acute diseases. 
 
 RISO'RIUS NOYQS. Santorini gives this 
 name to a portion of the platysma mj'oides, 
 which passes from the cheek towards the com- 
 missure of the lips. 
 
 RISSIGALLUM, Orpiment. 
 
 RISUS, from ridere, visum, 'to laugh.' Gelus, 
 Laughing, Laughter, Laugh, (F.) Rire ou Ris. 
 Au involuntarj' movement of the muscles of the 
 face, and of the lips in particular, accompanied 
 with a sonorous and interrupted respiration, com- 
 monly indicating mirth and satisfaction. 
 
 Risus Apium, Ranunculus sceleratus — r. Ca- 
 ninus, Canine laugh — r. Involuntarius, Canine 
 
RITA-CRISTINA 
 
 8 05 
 
 EOS AGE 
 
 laugh — r. Sardonicus, Canine laugh — r. Spasti- 
 cus, Canine laugh. 
 
 RITA-CRISTINA. A celebrated double mon- 
 ster, born in Sardinia, in 1829. It lived to be 
 nearly nine months old. Two distinct bodies were 
 united at the pelvis. Below, the monster was single. 
 
 RIVER WEED, Conferva rivalis. 
 
 RIVINft, Eructation. 
 
 RIZ, Oryza. 
 
 ROAN TREE, Sorbus acuparia. 
 
 ROB, Rooh, Rohuh, Rulioh, Rohuh, (F.) Extrmt 
 chs fruits. This word, of Arabic extraction, 
 means the juice of any fruit thickened to the 
 consistence of honey by evaporation, before it 
 has fermented. The juice of the grape, boiled to 
 this consistence, was called Sapa, and, when not 
 quite so thick, Defru'tum. 
 
 Rob Cynosbatos, Confeetio rosse eaninse — r. 
 ex Moris, Diamorion — r. Nucum, Diacaryon. 
 
 ROBIN-RUN-AAVAY, Glechoma hederacea. 
 
 ROBm-RUN-THE-HEDGE, Galium aparine. 
 
 ROBIN'IA AMA'RA, Orel. Leguminosa;. 
 Sex. Si/st, Diadelphia Dccandria. The roots of 
 the Robinia amara of Cochin China are bitter, 
 and have been recommended, especially in that 
 country, in diarrhoea and dyspepsia. 
 
 Robinia Pseudo-Aca'cia, Pseiidaca'cia odo- 
 ra'ta, False Aca'cia, Blade Locust, Locust-tree ; 
 native of America. The flowers are said to pos- 
 sess antispasmodic properties, and the bark of the 
 root to be emetic and cathartic. 
 
 ROBORANS, Corroborant. 
 
 ROBORANTIA, Tonics. 
 
 ROBUB, Rob. 
 
 ROCCELIjA, Lichen roceella — r. Tinctoria, 
 Lichen roceella. 
 
 ROCHE'S EMBROCATION FOR HOOPING- 
 COUGH. An empirical prepnration, composed 
 of ol. oliv. §xvj, ol. suechi. ^viij, ol. caryoiih., 
 q. s. to scent it strongly. 
 
 ROOHER, see Temporal bone. 
 
 ROCHETTA ALEXANDRINA, Soda. 
 
 ROCKBRIDGE ALUM SPRINGS, see Vir- 
 ginia, mineral waters of. 
 
 ROCKET, GARDEN, Brassica eruca — r. Ro- 
 man, Erassica eruca. 
 
 ROCK ROSE, Helianthemum Canadense, H. 
 Corymbosum. 
 
 liOCOU. Terra Orleana. 
 
 RODDIKIN, Abomasus. 
 
 RODBNS, see Sorbus acuparia. 
 
 RODEN-TREE, Sorbus acuparia. 
 
 RODSCHIEDIA BURSA PASTORIS, Thlaspi 
 bursa. 
 
 ROGNE. Psora. 
 
 ROIIAB, Rob. 
 
 ROIIENA BARK, Swietenia. 
 
 ROHOB, Rob. 
 
 ROHUN, see Strychnos nux vomica. 
 
 ROIDEUR, Rigidity — r. Cadaverique, Rigor 
 mortis. 
 
 ROISDORFF, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Alkaline waters in Germany, which contain car- 
 bonic acid and carbonate of soda. 
 
 ROLLER. Bandage, Fascia, 
 
 ROMARIN, Rosmarinus — )•. des 3Iarais, Sta- 
 tice limonium — r. Sauvage, Ledum sylvestre. 
 
 ROME, (CLIMATE OP.) The climate of 
 Rome, as regards its physical qualities, is con- 
 sidered to be one of the best in Italy. It is pe- 
 culiarly still; and, hence, has been esteemed 
 favourable as a winter climate in pulmonary dis- 
 eases, and for invalids generally, as it admits of 
 their taking exercise in tiie open air at a lower 
 temperature than they otherwise could do. In 
 the early stages of consumption. Sir James Clark 
 generally found the climate favourable. 
 
 BOMPEURE, Hernia. 
 R03IPT-PIERRE, Pimpinella saxifraga. 
 
 RONCE, Rubus idseus — >-. Bhv.e, Kubus cae- 
 sius — r. de 3foiita(/ne, Kwhns chu'MUjUiorus — r. 
 Noire, Rubus fruticosus. 
 
 RONCHUS, Snoring, Sterto7. 
 
 BOND, Round — r. Grand, Teres major — r. 
 Petit, Teres minor. 
 
 RONE, Sorbus acuparia. 
 
 RONFLEMENT, Snoring, Stertor, see Rattle 
 — r. de Diahle, Bruit de Bialh. 
 
 RONNACHS, Triticum repnrii. 
 
 RONNING, Rennet. 
 
 ROOB, Rob. 
 
 ROOF OF THE MOUTH, Palate. 
 
 ROOM, Pityriasis. 
 
 ROOT, Radix — r. Ague, Aletris farinosa — r. 
 Bitter, Apocynum androsiieraifolium — r. Canada, 
 Asclepias tuberosa — r. Colic, Aletris — r. Red, Ce- 
 lastrus, Lachnanthes tinctoria — r. Rough, Liatris. 
 
 Root of Scarcity, Beta hybrida. 
 
 Root. Squaw^, Actcea racemosa — r. Sweet, Aeo- 
 rus calamus — r. Unicorn, Aletris farinosa — r. 
 AVhite, Ligusticum acteeofolium — r. Yellow, Xan- 
 thoriza apiifolia, Jeffersonia Bartoni. 
 
 ROPE, Nanus. 
 
 Rope Bark, Dirca palustris. 
 
 ROQUETTE, Brassica eruca. Soda. 
 
 RORELLA, Drosera rotundifolia. 
 
 RORIF'EROUS, Ror'ifer, (F.) Rorifh-e, from 
 ros, roris, 'dew,' and/ecre, 'to carry.' An epithet 
 given to vessels which pour exhaled fluids on tho 
 surface of organs. 
 
 RoRiPKRons Duct, Thoracic duct. 
 
 ROS, Sperm — r. Calabrinus, Fraxinus ornus — 
 r. Solis, Drosera rotundifolia. 
 
 ROSA, {'iJoSov,) R. centifolia — r. Afzeliana, R. 
 canina. 
 
 Rosa Alba, R. nsitntis'sima seu Icnenn'llin. 
 The White Rose, (F.) Rosier hlane. Ord. Ro- 
 saceaa. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Polygynia. The 
 flowers of this species possess similar but inferior 
 qualities to the damask. 
 
 Rosa Armata, R. canina — r. Asturica, see Pel- 
 lagra — r. Austriaca, R. Gallica — r. Calycina, R. 
 canina. 
 
 Rosa Cani'jja, R. sylves'tris seu sentico'sa seu 
 Swartzia'na seu Afzelia'na seu arma'ta seu caly- 
 ci'ua seu rubra vuhja'ris, Cynor'rhodon, Caniru'- 
 hus, Cani'nus Sentis, Cynocyt'isiis, Cynos2}as'tum, 
 C'ynos'batos, Bog rose. Wild Briar, Hii^ Tree, 
 (F.) Rose du chien, Eglantier de chien, E. sau- 
 voge. The fruit of this variety, called Ifeps or 
 Hips, Hops, (Sc.) Boghip, has a sourish taste, and 
 is formed into a conserve. See Confeetio eynos- 
 bati. It is seldom employed, except to give form 
 to more active remedies; as to pills, boluses, 
 linctuses, <fcc. 
 
 Rosa Centifo'lia, Rosa, R. Bamasce'na seu 
 Pal'lida, Hecatowphyl' la, Bamask Rose, Hun- 
 dred leaved or Cabbage rose, (F.) Rosier d cent 
 feuilles, Rhodoii. The petals of this rose have an 
 extremelj' fragrant odour, and sub-acidulous taste. 
 They are laxative; but are scarcely used for any 
 purposes except for the distillation of rose water, 
 Oil of Ruses, Oleum Rosa, Attar, Otto or Essence 
 of Roses, and the formation of a syrup. 
 
 Rosa Damascena, R. centifolia. 
 
 Rosa Gal'lica, R. Austriaca seu rubra, Red 
 Rose, (F.) Rosier de Provins. The petals of this 
 varietj' are astringent; and are used in infusion, 
 conserve, Ac. 
 
 Rosa Leucantha, R. alba — r. Pallida, R. cen- 
 tifolia — r. Rubra, R. Gallica — r. Rubra vulgaris. 
 R. canina — r. Saltans, Essera — r. Sentieosa, R. 
 canina — -r. Swartziana, R. canina — r. Sylvestris, 
 R. canina — r. Usatitissima, R. alba. 
 
 ROSACE, Roseola. 
 ROSACEUS, Rhodinus. 
 
 R OSAGE, Nerium oleander, Rhododendron 
 chrysanthemum. 
 
ROSAGO 
 
 806 
 
 ROTTLERA TINCTORIA 
 
 Cabbacre, Rosa eenti- 
 
 ROSAGO. Nerium oleander. 
 ROSALIA. Scarlatina. 
 ROSALTiE. Scarlatina. 
 BOSAT, Rhodinus. 
 ROSATUS, Rhodinus, 
 ROSE, Erysipelas— I 
 folia — r. Campion, Lychnis githago — r. Christmas, 
 Helleborus niger — r. Corn, Papaver rhceas — r. Da- 
 mask, Rosa centifolia — r. Dog, Rosa canina — r. 
 Dog, conserve or confection of, Confectio rosse 
 eaninae. 
 
 BOSE jDU OHIEN, Rosa canina. 
 Rose, Hundred-leaved, Rosa centifolia — r. 
 Marine, Rosmarinus. 
 Rose Rash, Roseola. 
 
 Rose, Red, Rosa Gallica — r. Rock, Helian- 
 themum Corymbosum. 
 
 ROSE BE SIBERIE, Rhododendron crysan- 
 themum — r. Spots, Spots, red. 
 Rose, White, Rosa alba. 
 ROSEA, Rhodia. 
 
 ROSEBALM, SCARLET, Monarda coccinea. 
 ROSEBAY, AMERICAN, Rhododendron 
 maximum. 
 
 ROSE-DROP, Gutta rosea. 
 BO SEE BU SOLEIL, Drosera rotundifolia. 
 ROSELLINA, Roseola. 
 
 ROSEMARY, Rosmarinus — r. Marsh, Statice 
 limonium, and S. Caroliniana — r. AYild, Erioce- 
 phalus umbellulatus. 
 
 ROSENHEIM, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Rosenheim is 34 miles S. E. from Miinich, in 
 Bavaria. The waters contain sulphuretted hy- 
 drogen, carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, chlo- 
 rides of calcium and magnesium, carbonate of 
 soda, and oxide of iron. They are used as tonics. 
 ROSE'OLA, Exanthe'sis Boseola, Bose Bash, 
 (F.) Boseole, Eruption anomale, Bosace, Fievre 
 rouge, Ej[fi>oreacence erysipelateuse, from rasa, ' the 
 rose,' on account of the colour. An eflBorescence 
 in blushing patches, gradually deepening to a 
 rose-colour, mostly circular or oval; often alter- 
 nately fading and reviving; sometimes, with a 
 colourless nucleus ; and chiefly on the cheeks, 
 neck, or arms. It is frequently found, as a 
 symptom, in dentition, dyspepsia, rheumatism, 
 &c., and is of no consequence. See Roseolas, 
 Rubeola, and Scarlatina. 
 
 Roseola Acnosa, Gutta rosea. 
 Roseola ^sti'va. The affection which pre- 
 vails in summer. The eruption is of a darker 
 colour, and is attended with more itching. 
 
 Roseola Annul a'ta. Characterized by patches 
 in the form of rose-coloured rays, with central 
 Areas of the colour of the skin. 
 
 Roseola Ficosa, Sycosis — r. Typhosa, Spots, 
 red — r. Variolosa, Roseolfe. 
 
 ROSE'OLiE, Boseola, Boselli'nn, Biibe'ola 
 spuria. False or French measles, (F.) Boseole, 
 Fausse rougeole. This name is also given by some 
 to an acute exanthem, midway between measles 
 and scarlatina, and which belongs to neither one 
 nor the other, as it aifords no protection against 
 either. It is, also, termed Bubeolcs by some, and 
 Buhe.'oloid, a term, which is applicable to any 
 eruption resembling rubeola. An eruption which 
 often precedes that of small-pox is termed Boseola 
 Variolo'sa. 
 BOSEOLE, Roseola, Roseolse. 
 ROSE PINK, Chironia angularis. 
 ROSES, MILK OF. A cosmetic wash, formed, 
 according to one method, of subcarbonate of po- 
 tass, gr. vj ; oil of almonds, ^j ; essence of herga- 
 mot, 3'j ; aqucB rosce, ^iij ; orange flower water, 
 ,^ij. Mix. 
 
 ROSE US, Rhodinus. 
 ROSEWOOD, Rhodium lignum. 
 ROSEWORT, Rhodia. 
 
 BOSIER BLANC, Rosa alba— ?•. d Cent feu 
 illes, R. centifolia — r. de Provins, Rosa Gallica. 
 ROSIN, BLACK, Colophonia— r. Brown, Colo 
 phonia. 
 
 Rosin Weed, Silphium laciniatum. 
 Rosin, White, see Pinus sylvestris — r. Yellow, 
 see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 ROSIO STOMAGHI, Cardialgia — r. Ventri- 
 culi, Cardialgia. 
 
 ROSMARINUM, Rosmarinus. 
 ROSMARI'NUS, B. officina'lis seu latifo'liua 
 seu horten'sis, Alchachil, Libano'tis corona'ria, 
 Bendrolib'anus, Bosemary, (F.) Bomarin, Bose 
 marine, Encensier ; Ord. Labiatse. Sex. Syst. 
 Diandria Monogynia. The tops of this plant, 
 Bosmarinus (Ph. U. S.), Herba Anthos, have a 
 fragrant, grateful smell ; and an aromatic, warm, 
 bitterish taste, which is dependent upon an es- 
 sential oil, combined with camphor. Rosemary 
 has been recommended in nervous headachs, in 
 the form of infusion. It is now rarely used, ex- 
 cept for its odour. The flower is called Anthos, 
 nvvo;. Its oil — Oleum Boamarini — is officinal. 
 From two to six or ten drops are given in nervous 
 complaints, rubbed up with sugar. 
 
 Rosmarinus Hortensis, Rosmarinus— r. Lati- 
 folius, Rosmarinus — r. Officinalis, Rosmarinus — 
 r. Stcechadis facie, Teucrium creticum — r. Syl- 
 vestris, Ledum sylvestre. 
 
 ROSSALIA, Scarlatina — r. Squamosa, Scarla- 
 tina. 
 
 ROSSIGNOL. A name given, in France, to 
 an affection to which pressmen are subject. It 
 is a sprain, followed by tumefaction of the radio- 
 carpal joint. 
 
 ROS'SOLIO, see Spirit. 
 
 ROSTRUM, Bhinchos, Binchos, Bnuiphos, 'a 
 beak.' (F.) Bee. A name given to several old 
 forceps, on account of their resemblance to the 
 beaks of different birds. The principal were the 
 Bostrum corvi'num, anati'num, psittaci'num, vul- 
 turi'num, cyg'neum seu olori'num, grui'num, lacer- 
 ii'nnm, Ac. 
 
 Rostrum Externum, Olecranon — r. Porcinum, 
 Acromion — r. Posterius, Olecranon — r. Sphenoi- 
 dale, Azyges processus. 
 
 ROSY BETTY, Erigeron bellidifolium — r. 
 Bush, Spiraea tomentosa — r. Drop, Gutta rosea — 
 r. Whelk, Gutta rosea. 
 ROT, Eructation. 
 ROT, Grinders', Asthma, grinders'. 
 ROT'ACISM, Botacism'us, Bottacismus, Bho- 
 tacis'mus, Psellis'mus rhotacis'nius, (F.) Grasseye- 
 ment. A vicious pronunciation of the Greek, P, 
 Bau, common in the northern parts of England; 
 especially near Newcastle. Called, there, the 
 Burr or Biirrh. 
 
 ROTACISMUS, Grasseyement, Rotacism. 
 ROTA'TOR, from rotare, rotatum, [rota, 'a 
 wheel,') 'to turn round,' (F.) Bofateur. A name 
 given to several muscles that turn the parts to 
 which they are attached upon their axes ; — such 
 as the oblique muscles of the eyes, the pronators, 
 supinators, &c. 
 
 Rotator, Trochanter. 
 
 Rotato'res Dorsi. Eleven small muscles on 
 each side of the dorsal vertebrae, which arise from 
 the point or upper edge of each transverse pro- 
 cess, and pass to the lower edge of the arch of 
 the vertebra above, as far as the base of the trans- 
 verse process. Their action is to rotate the indi- 
 vidual vertebras on each other. 
 
 RoTATORES Femoris, Obturatores — r. Oculi, 
 Oblique muscles of the eye. 
 
 ROTCOLL, Cochlearia armoracia. 
 ROTTACISMUS, Rotacism. 
 ROTTLE'RA TINCTO'RIA. A euphorbiaceous 
 plant of India. A powder is attached to the fruit 
 capsule of this plant, which is brushed off and col- 
 
ROTULA 
 
 807 
 
 RUBUS AFFINIS 
 
 lec'ed when the fruitis dry. It is called Kameyla, II 
 iri used in Northern India as a vermifuge for dogs ; 
 jind has proved effectual against tapeworm in man. 
 The dn?e is two or three drachms, which purges. 
 
 ROTULA, Patella, Trochiscus — r. Genu, Pa- 
 tella. 
 
 ROTULAD, see Rotular aspect. 
 
 ROT'ULAR; from rotula, 'the patella.' Re- 
 lating or appertaining to the patella. 
 
 Rot'ular Aspect. An aspect towards the 
 side on which the rotula is situated. — Barclay. 
 Rot'ulad is used by the same writer, adverbially, 
 to signify ' towards the rotular aspect.' 
 
 ROTULE, Patella. 
 
 ROTU'LIAN, RoUiUa'nns, (F.) RoUdien. Re- 
 lating or belonging to the rotula or patella. 
 
 ROTUNDUS, Round. 
 
 ROVCOU, Terra Orleana. 
 
 ROUEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. This 
 water, known under the name, Ean dcs fontaines 
 de la Ilaregnerie, is cold, and contains carbonate 
 of iron, carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, chloride 
 of calcium, Ac. It is tonic. 
 
 ROUGE, Colcothar — r. d'Ahglelerre, Colco- 
 thar — r. de Prusse, Colcothar — r. dit Sang, Has- 
 matin. 
 
 ROUGEOLE. Rubeola — r. Fauase, Roseolse. 
 
 ROUGEURS, Flush. 
 
 ROUGH ROOT, Liatris. 
 
 ROUILLE, Rubiginous. 
 
 ROVLEiMENT DU LAMBEAU, see Flap. 
 
 ROUND, Teres, Rotnn'dus, (F.) Ro„d. Ana- 
 tomists have given this name to many organs 
 whose fibres are collected in round fasciculi. See 
 Teres. 
 
 Round Foramen, Fora'men rotnnd'nm. A 
 foramen of the sphenoid bone, a little behind the 
 foramen laeerinn siiperius, which gives passnge 
 to the second branch of the fifth pair of nerves, 
 called superior maxillary. 
 
 Round Heart, Thaspium atropurpureum. 
 
 Round Ligaments op the Uterus, Lifjamen'ta 
 rotitiid'a U'ieri, (F.) Cordons sus-puhiens (Ch.), 
 Cordons vasciilaires, Ligaments ronds de I'lit^nts, 
 Two cords, which arise from the lateral and su- 
 perior parts of the uterus, whence they proceed 
 towards the abdominal rings, which they pass 
 through, and terminate by vanishing in the areo- 
 lar tissue of the groins, mons veneris, and labia 
 majora. These cords are whitish, flattened, and 
 narrower in the middle than at the extremities. 
 According to Mr. Rainey, they are composed 
 chiefly of the striped muscular fibre. 
 
 ROUP, Cynanche trachealis, Raucedo. 
 
 ROURE. Rhus coriaria. 
 
 ROUTINE PRACTITIONER, Routinist. 
 
 ROUTINIST, pronounced routeen'ist ; (F.) 
 Routinier ; from (F.) routine, ' a regular habit or 
 practice, unvaried by circumstances.' One who 
 practises in such an unvaried manner: — a ?-om- 
 tine practitioner. 
 
 ROVE, Scab. 
 
 ROVING, Delirium. 
 
 ROWLAND'S SPRINGS, see Georgia, mine- 
 ral wnters of. 
 
 ROWTING. Snoring. 
 
 RUBBER, INDIAN, Caoutchouc. 
 
 RUBBING SOUND, Bruit de Frottement. 
 
 RUBE'DO, Rubor, 'redness;' from ruhere, 'to 
 be red.' A diffused, but not spotted, redness on 
 any part of the skin; like that which arises frm 
 blushing. Blushing. 
 
 RUBEFA'CIENT, Erethis'mn, Erpthis'timm, 
 Ruhefa'cicus, from ruber, 'red,' and facio, 'I 
 make.' (F.) Rnbefiant. That which produces 
 redness. A medicine which causes redness of 
 the skin. The action is called Rule/action. 
 
 RUBEFIANT, Rubefacient, 
 
 RUBE'OLA, Rubeola vulga'ris, from rubco, 'I 
 am red.' Rose'olcB, E.eanthe'sis Rubeola, Vetera'- 
 na, Blac'cicB, FerscE, BlacticB, Bovil'lcB, Morbil'li, 
 Scarlati'na pustulo'sa seu milia'ris, Febris mor- 
 billo'sa. Typhus morbillosus, Phoenicis'mus, Ec- 
 phy'mata, Measles, (Sc.) 31irles, (Prov.) Crea-i, 
 Crewds, 3Talls, Jlaulcs, 3/easlings, (F.) Rongeole, 
 Fievre morbiUeuse. One of the major exanthe- 
 mata; generally afTecting individuals but once, 
 and produced by specific contagion. The rash 
 usually appears on the fourth, but sometimes on 
 the third, fifth, or sixth day of a febrile disorder: 
 and, after a continuance of four days, gradually 
 declines with the fever. The disease generally 
 commences from ten to fourteen days after the 
 contagion has been received. The eruption first 
 shows itself in distinct, red, and nearlj' circular 
 spots, somewhat less than the ordinary areolae of 
 flea-bites. As these increase in number, they 
 coalesce; forming small patches of an irregular 
 figure, but approaching nearest to that of semi- 
 circles or crescents. These patches are inter- 
 mixed with single, circular dots and with inter- 
 stices of the natural colour of the skin. On the 
 face they are slightly raised, so as to give the 
 sensation of inequality of surface to the finger 
 passed over the cuticle. The disappearance of 
 the eruption is followed b}' desquamation of the 
 cuticle. Measles is not dangerous of itself; but 
 it is liable to induce pneumonia in winter, and 
 dysentery in summer, which are, at times, very 
 fatal. These are apt to come on at the time of, 
 or soon after, the disappearance of the eruption. 
 When they supervene, they must be treated as 
 idiopathic affections. It demands a general anti- 
 phlogistic treatment. Willan has pointed out a 
 Idnd of Rubeola spu'ria, which he calls Rube- 
 ola sine Cat.\r'rho. In this the rash runs its 
 regular course, with little fever or catarrhal affec- 
 tion ; affording no certain security against the 
 common or regular disease. He also gives the 
 name. Rubeola NiGR.i or Black Measles, to 
 an unusual appearance of the measles about the 
 seventh or eighth day, when the rash becomes 
 suddenly livid, with a mixture of yellow. It is 
 devoid of inconvenience or danger; and is re- 
 moved in a week or ten days by the mineral acids 
 and tonics. 
 
 Rubeola Spuria, Roseolas. 
 
 RUBEOLA, Roseolas. 
 
 RUBEOLOID, see Roseola?. 
 
 RU'BIA, from ruber, ' red.' 7?. Tincto'rvtn seu 
 peregri'na seu sylves'tris seu major, Erythrod'- 
 anum. Radix rubra, Dyer's bladder. Madder, (F.) 
 Garance. Family, Rubiaoeae. Sex. Syst. Tetran- 
 dria Monogynia. The root of this plant — Rubia, 
 (Ph. U. S.) — has a bitterish, somewhat austere, 
 taste, and a slight, not agreeable, smell. They 
 were formerly considered deobstruent, detergent, 
 and diuretic. 
 
 RUBIG"INOUS, Rubigino'sus. from rnbigo, 
 rnbiginis, 'rust.' (F.) Rouille. Rusty. Having 
 the colour of rust. An epithet given to the sputa 
 in certain cases of pneumonia. 
 
 RUBINUS VERUS, Anthrax. 
 
 RUBOR, Rubedo. 
 
 RUBRI'CA FABRI'LIS, from ruber, 'red.' A 
 red, heavy, earthy matter, formerly employed for 
 making drying plasters; Hard Ruddle, Red Chnlk. 
 
 RuBRiCA Sinop'ica. A heavy, compact, red- 
 dish earth : formerly used in diarrhoea. 
 
 RUBRIN. Hwmatin. 
 
 RUBUS AFFINIS, R. fruticosus; allied to 
 ruber, ' red.' 
 
 RuBUS Akc'ticuR, Shrvbby Strawberry, Bacccp. 
 Norland'iccB. Ord. RosaceiB. Sex. Syst. Ico- 
 sandria Polygynia. The fruit is recommended 
 by Linnasus as possessing antiseptic, refrigerant, 
 and antiscorbutic qualities. 
 
RUCKING 
 
 808 
 
 RUMINATION 
 
 Rdbcs Batus, R. cEesius. 
 
 RuBUS C^'STUS, R. batus, Deicbei-ri/ plant, (F.) 
 Ronce bleiie. The fruit resembles the blackberry 
 in appearance and properties. The bark of the 
 root of -B. Trivia'lis sen Cnnaden'sis sen procnm'- 
 beiis seu flac/eUa'ris, American Dewbe^-ry, Low 
 Btdcl-ben-y, is astringent. 
 
 RuBus Canadensis, see R. eassius. 
 
 RoBUS Cham.emo'rus, Cloudberry Tree, Cha- 
 mcemo'rxiK, C. Norxoegica, Chamcedrys, Cloud- 
 berries, Knot-berries, (F.) Ronce de Montagne. 
 The ripe fruit is sometimes prepared like a jam, 
 and used in fevers, &c., to allay thirst. It has 
 been much extolled as an antiscorbutic. 
 
 RuBDS Flagellaeis, see R. csesius — r. Fram- 
 boesianus, R. idseus — r. Frondosus, R. fruti- 
 cosus. 
 
 RuBUS Frutico'sus, R. affi'nis seu panicula'- 
 iits seu niger seu f rondo' sus seu vnlga'ris ; Com- 
 mon Rramble, whiah affords Blackberries, (Prov.) 
 Rrambleberries, Bumblehites, (F.) Ronce noire. 
 The berries are eaten as a summer fruit, of which 
 they form a poor variety. The bark of the root 
 of the Rubiis villo' sus, American Blackberry, High 
 or standing blackberry, Hairy American Bramble, 
 is astringent and has been used in the last stages 
 of dysentery, and in cholera infantum. 
 
 RuBDS Id.e'us, R.frambcesia'nus, Batos; Rasp- 
 berry, (F.) Framboise, Ronce. The fruit of the 
 best varieties — (So.) Rasps, (Prov.) Hindberries 
 
 — is extremely agreeable ; and is much used. It 
 was, formerly, called Batinon moron. 
 
 RuBus Niger, R. fruticosus — r. Oceidentalis, 
 see R. strigosus — r. Paniculatus, R. fruticosus — 
 r. Procumbens, see R. csesius. 
 
 RuBUS Strigo'scs, Wild red raspberry, of tbe 
 United States. The leaves are often used as a 
 mild astringent, as well as those of Rubus ocei- 
 dentalis, Black Rasjj'berry. 
 
 RuBus Trivialis, see Rubus eassius — r. Vil- 
 losus, see Rubus fruticosus — r. Vulgaris, R. fru- 
 ticosus. 
 
 RUCKING, Eructation. 
 
 RUCTAMEN, Eructation. 
 
 RUCTATIO, Eructation. 
 
 RUCTUATIO, Eructation. 
 
 RUCTUOSITAS, see Eructation. 
 
 RECTUS, Eructation — r. Acidus, Oxyregmia 
 
 — r. Nidorosus, Cnissoregmia. 
 RUDBECK'IA LACINIA'TA, Cone flower. 
 
 Thimble weed; indigenous: Order, CompositaB ; 
 is diuretic, and has been given in nephritic affec- 
 tions. 
 
 RUDDLE, HARD, Rubrica fabrilis. 
 
 RUDIMEN'TAL, Rudimenta'lis, (F.) Rudi- 
 mentaire, trow, rudimentum, 'the first beginning.' 
 That which is but slisrhtly developed. 
 
 RUDOLPHIA FRONDOSA, Butea frondosa. 
 
 RUE, Ruta — r. Common, Ruta — )•. de Chevre, 
 Galega officinalis — r. Goat's, Galega ofBcinalis — 
 r. Goat's, Virginia, Galega Virginiana — r. Mea- 
 dow, Thalictron — r. des 3Iurailles, Asplenium 
 ruta muraria — r. des Free, Thalictron — r. Sau- 
 vage, Ruta. 
 
 RUELLES, Wrinkles. 
 
 RUFT, Eructation. 
 
 RUGA, "Wrinkle. 
 
 RUOINE, Raspatorium. 
 
 RUGTSSEMBN-T, Rugitus. 
 
 RUGI'TUS, Brycheth'mos, from rugire, rugi- 
 tiim. 'to rnar.' (F.) Rugissement. A Latin word, 
 which ordinarily expresses the roaring of the lion : 
 and which is used, by some medical writers, to 
 designate a particular species of borborygmus 
 compared to it. 
 
 RUGOSE, Wrinkled. 
 
 RUGOUS, Wrinkled. 
 
 RUM, Tafia, Spir'itus Jamaicen'sis, Jlolas'ses 
 
 Spirit, (F.) Rhum. A spirit distilled from sugar, 
 or molasses. See Spirit. 
 
 RUMA, Mamma. 
 
 RUMEN, Hypo^astrium, Ingluvies. 
 
 RUMEX ACETOSELLA, Sheep Sorrel, Field 
 Sorrel; indigenous; has similar virtues. 
 
 RuMEX AcETo'sus, R. tubero'sus seu inter- 
 me'dius, Lap'athum pratense, Ox'alis Aeeto'sa, 
 Acetosa vulga'ris seu praten'sis seu nostras, 
 Anax'yris, A. arven'sis. Sour dock, Sorrel, Com- 
 mon Sorrel, (Sc.) Docken, (F.) Oseille, Vinette, 
 Aigrette, Surelle. Ord. Polygonacese. Sex. Syst. 
 Hexandria Trigynia. The leaves are sour, and 
 are used in cookery, and also as a refrigerant. 
 
 RuMEX Acu'tus, Sharp-jyointed Wild dock, 
 Oxyla-p'athum, Lap' athnm, L. sylves'tre seu acu'- 
 tum, Rumex, R. ptaludo' sus seu 2}usil'lus, Lap'a- 
 thos, (F.) Patience sauvage. A decoction of 
 the root has long been used in cutaneous affec- 
 tions. It is, sometimes, employed for the cure of 
 the itch. 
 
 Rumex ^tnensis, R. scutatus. 
 
 Rumex Alpi'nus, Aeeto'sa Alpi'na. The sys- 
 tematic name of the plant that affords the Monk's 
 Rhubarb, (F.) Rhabarbe des Uoines. See Rumex 
 patientia. 
 
 Rumex Aquaticus, Rumex hydrolapathum — 
 r. Britannica, Rumex hydrolapathum — r. Con- 
 fertus, R. patientia — r. Digynus, Oxyria reniformis 
 — r. Glaucus, R. scutatus — r. Hastatus, R. scuta- 
 tus — r. Hastifolius, R. Scutatus. 
 
 Rumex Hydrolap'athum, Water-Bock, (Old 
 Eng.) Brokeleak, Hydrolapathum , Rumex aqiiat'- 
 icus seu Britan'nica, Herba Britan'nica, Lop'a- 
 thuni aquat'icum, (F.) Parelle, Patience d'eau. 
 The leaves of this plant are subacid, and said to 
 be laxative. The root has been used as a tonic, 
 astringent, and antiscorbutic. It has also been 
 employed externally in some cutaneous affections. 
 
 Rumex Intermepius, R. aeetosus. 
 
 Rumex Obtusifo'lids, Lap'athum sylvestre, 
 Blunt-leaved Dock, Bitter dock. The root of this, 
 as well as of R. Crispus, Curled, or Sour, or 
 Yellow, has similar virtues to those of the other 
 species. Both have been used in decoction in the 
 same cases as sarsaparilla. 
 
 Rumex Oxyotus, R. scutatus — r. Paludosus, 
 R. acutus. 
 
 Rumex Patien'tia, R. confer' tus, Lajj'athum 
 horten'se. Rhabar'barum monacho'riim, Hippolap' - 
 athum, Patien'tia, Garden Patience, Ifonk's Rhu- 
 barb, (F.) Patience, Rhubarbe sauvage, Parelle. 
 This root, which is supposed to possess the vir- 
 tues of rhubarb, but in an inferior degree, is, ac- 
 cording to Linnaeus, obtained from the Rumex 
 patientia ; according to Murray, from the Rumex 
 ulpi'nus. 
 
 Rumex Pusillus, R. acutus. 
 
 Rumex Sanguin'eus. The root of the bloody 
 dock or bloody veined Dock, has an austere and 
 astringent taste ; and has been employed in dys- 
 entery. It is called, also, Lap'athum sanguin'eum, 
 (F.) Oseille ou Patience Rouge, Sangdragon. 
 
 Rumex Scuta'tus, R. glaucus seu hastirVlius 
 seu .^tnen'sis seu oxyotus seu hasta'tus, Aeeto'sa 
 rotundifo'lia seu Roma'na seu Rotundi/olia hor- 
 ten'sis seu scuta' ta, Lap'athum scuta' turn seu ro- 
 tundifo'lia, Roman or Garden Sorrel, Green 
 Sauce, French Sorrel, (F.) Oseille boucher, Oseille 
 ronde. Petite 0. Virtues the same as those of 
 the common sorrel. 
 
 Rumex Tuberosus, R. aeetosus. 
 
 RUMINA'TION, Rnmina'tio, from rwma or 
 rumen, 'the gullet.' Merycis'mus. A function 
 peculiar to ruminating animals, by which they 
 chew a second time the food they have swal- 
 lowed. An analogous phenomenon is sometimes 
 seen in man. One who ruminates is in French 
 merycole. 
 
RUMMET 
 
 809 
 
 SABURPvA 
 
 RUMMET, Pityriasis. 
 
 RUMP, C'roiipoti — r. Bone, Coccyx. 
 
 RUNCHES, Sinapis arvensis. 
 
 RUNCINA, RaspatoriucQ. 
 
 RUNCINULA, Raspatorium. 
 
 RUXKILL, Wrinkle. 
 
 RUXKLE, Wrinkle, 
 
 RUXXET, Rennet. 
 
 RUNNING, Cursvn, (F.) Course. A succession 
 of leaps, executed with rapidity, to transport the 
 body quickly from one place to another. 
 
 Running, Rennet. 
 
 RUNSH, Sinapis arvensis. 
 
 RUNUNCULA. Raspatorium. 
 
 RUPES, Lips of the Vulva. See Lip. 
 
 RU'PIA, Rhypia, Ulcus aton'icnm, Ecphly'sis 
 Hhy'pia, Jifiypa'ria, from 'pvTTo;, 'filth.' An erup- 
 tion of large flattish blebs, which contain a fluid 
 — at first serous, afterwards puriform, and often 
 bloody, which rapidly concretes into crusts, at 
 the base of which are ulcers of variable depths. 
 
 It requires the use of tonics internallj', and of 
 stimulating ointments externally. 
 
 ROPIA EschAROT'icA, Pem'pMgus infan'tilis 
 seu (jangrcBno'sns ; known in Ireland under the 
 names — lohite blisters, eating hive and burnt holes. 
 An affection, which bears a close siiiiihirity to 
 pemphigus, particularly in the absence of a 
 thick rugous crust, whilst in its chief feature, 
 that of ulceration, it evidently belongs to Rupia. 
 
 RUPTIBILITAS, Fragilitas. 
 
 RUPTIO, Rhexis. 
 
 RUPTORIUM, Cauterium — r. Commune, Po- 
 tassa fusa. 
 
 RUPTURA, Ecrexis, Hernia, Laceration, 
 Rhexis — r. Corneas, Ceratorrhexis — r. Herniosa, 
 Hernia — r. Ovarii, Oariorrhexis — r. Uteri, Uterus, 
 rupture of the — r. Vaginae, Colporrhexis. 
 
 RUPTURE, Hernia, Rhexis — r. du Coeur, 
 Cardiorrhexis — r. of the Groin, Bubonocele — r. 
 cle la JIafriee, Uterus, rupture of the — -r. "Wort, 
 Herniaria glabra. 
 
 RUPTURED, see Hernial. 
 
 RUSCUS, i?. acnlea'tus, Bruscita, Oxymyr'- 
 rhine, Oxymyr'sine, Jfyrtacan'thn, Catan'gelos, 
 Jfyaean'tha, Sco'jiia re'gia. Wild Myrtle, C'entro- 
 myr'ine. Butcher's Broom, (Prov.) Knee-holly, (F.) 
 Petit houx, Fragon. Orel. Saiilacese. »SV.<;. Syst. 
 Dioecia Monadelphia. The root has been recom- 
 mended as an aperient and diuretic. 
 
 Ruscus AcuLEATUs, Ruscus. 
 
 ]| Ruscus Hypoglos'sum, Uvula'ria, Hypoglos- 
 sum, Hippjogloss' um, Bislin'gua, Bonifu'eia, Lau- 
 rus Alexandri' na angnstifo lia, (F.) Laurier Alex- 
 andrin, Laiigue de cheval. Formerly used against 
 relaxed uvula. 
 
 RUSH, SWEET, Acorus calamus, Juncus odo- 
 ratus. 
 
 RUSMA, see Orpiment. 
 
 RUSPINFS STYPTIC, see Styptic, Ruspini's. 
 
 Rdspi'ni's Tincture for the Teeth. An etn- 
 pirical preparation, composed of Florentine orris 
 Iviij, cloves 5j, rectified sp)irit Oij, ambergris ^j. 
 
 RUT, Heat. 
 
 RUTA, 'pvrri, R. grnv'eolens seu horten'sis seu 
 al'tera, Peg' anum, Besn'sa, Common Rue, (F.) Rue, 
 Rhue, Rue sauvagc, Herbe de grace ; Ord. Ruta- 
 ceas. Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia. The 
 plant has a strong, ungrateful odour, and bitter 
 pungent taste. It is acrid, so as to blister the 
 skin. Its properties are reputed to be tonic, 
 stimulant, antispasmodic, and emmenagogue. 
 Dose, gr. XV to 9ij- The leaves are officinal — 
 Ruta. (Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Oleum RutcB, distilled Oil of Rue, is antispas- 
 modic; and, externally, rubefacient. Dose, gtt. 
 ij to vj. 
 
 PvUTA Altera, Ruta — r. Capraria, Galega offi- 
 cinalis — r. Graveolens, Ruta — r. Ilortensis, Ruta 
 — r. Muraria, Asplenium ruta muraria. 
 
 RUTABULUM, Penis. 
 
 RUTA'CEUM,from/?»/T, 'rue.' Vinegar of rue. 
 
 RUTIDOMA, see Rutidosis. 
 
 RUTIDO'SIS, Rytidn'sis, Rhytido'sis, from 
 pvTiboui, 'I wrinkle.' The act of wrinkling; as 
 Rntido'ma means a shrivelled or wrinkled body, 
 A destruction or atrophy of the eye. Corruga- 
 tion and subsidence of the cornea. 
 
 RUYSCHIA'NA TU'NICA, (F.) Lame ou 
 Membratie Ruyschienne. According to Ruysch, 
 and the greater part of his disciples, the choroid 
 coat of the eye is formed of two laminae. His 
 son gave to the inner the name Tunica Ruyschi- 
 a'nn or Jlembra'na Ruyschia'na seu Ruysch'ii. 
 
 Tu'nica Cellulo'sa Ruyschia'na is the areolar 
 substance under the peritoneal covering of the 
 stomach. It is not numbered among the coats 
 of that organ. 
 
 RYE, Secale — r. Horned, Ergot — r. Robbin's, 
 Polytrichura juniperinum — r. Spurred, Ergot. 
 
 RYTIDOSIS, Rutidosis, 
 
 RYTIS, Wrinkle, 
 
 s. 
 
 S. A. &c., see Abbreviation. 
 
 SAAG, Urine. 
 
 SABADILLA, Veratrum sabadilla, see Vera- 
 trina. 
 
 SABADILLIN, see Veratrina. 
 
 SABATILLA, Veratrum sabadilla. 
 
 SABBATIA, Chironia angularis — s. Angularis, 
 Chironia angularis. 
 
 SABINA, Juniperus sabina. 
 
 SABIXE, Juniperus sabina. 
 
 SABLE, 3faculo'sus, 'sanded,' from sabulum, 
 'sand.' Having the appearance as if strewed 
 with sand. The terms sable and piquete are 
 sometimes applied to the brain, when a slice of 
 it exhibits red points as if it had been strewed 
 with red sand. Such is the case in cerebral hy- 
 peremia. 
 
 SABOT BE VENUS JAUNE, Cypripedium 
 luteum. 
 
 SABUCUS, Sambucus. 
 
 SAB'ULOUS, Sabulo'suf, Areno'sus, Psammo'- 
 des, from sabnlum, 'sand.' The sandy deposit 
 often seen in the urine. 
 
 SABULUM CONARII, see Pineal gland, 
 
 SABURA, Saburra. 
 
 SABUR'RA, Sabu.'ra, Sordes. This word sig- 
 nifies, by derivation, 'coarse sand, or ballast.' In 
 its common acceptation, it means y'o»/»ps« of the 
 stomach, as it is sometimes called; — vitiated mat- 
 ters supposed to be retained and accumulated in 
 the stomach — the result of imperfect digestion — 
 and which have been sometimes considered as a 
 morbid product of the mucous secretion of that 
 organ, or of the biliary secretion ; at others, as a 
 residuum from alimentary substances badly di- 
 
SABURRAL 
 
 810 
 
 SACCULUS 
 
 gested. The Sahnrral state, Oollu'vies gas'tn'ca, 
 Crudita'tes ventric'uU, Gastris'mus, (F.) Emharras 
 gastrique, Etat saburral, is an accumulation of 
 saburra3 in the stomach, (F.) Sahurres gastriqnes, 
 which the Humourists considered to be the cause 
 of a number of diseases. 
 
 Saburra Verminosa, Helminthiasis. 
 SABUR'RAL, Saburra'lis. Relating or apper- 
 taining to saburrse, — as the 'saburral state.' 
 SABURRATIO, Arenatio. 
 SABURRES GASTRIQUES, see Saburra. 
 SAC, see Sack — s. Herniaire, Hernial sac — 
 s. of the Omentum, see Epiploon, gastro-hepatic. 
 SACCADE, see Respiration, jerking. 
 SACCATUS, Encysted. 
 SACCHAR, Saccharum^ 
 SACCHARHYDROLE, Syrup, 
 SACCHARI F^X, Melasses. 
 SACCHARINA, Saccharoles. 
 SAOCHARO-ALCOOLE, Ratafia. 
 SACCHAROLE LIQUIDE, Mellitum. Syrup 
 — s. 3Iou, Conserva, Electuarium — s. Solide, see 
 Pastel, and Tabella. 
 
 SACCHAROLES (F.), Saccliari'na, from sac- 
 charum, 'sugar.' A name given by MM. Henry 
 and G-uibourt to medicines which have sugar or 
 honey for excipient, or fur predominant principle. 
 M. Beral so calls an exact mixture of pulverized 
 sugar with other substances also in powder, but 
 in less quantity. 
 
 SACCHAROM'ETER, (F.) Sacchammetre, 
 Pese-sirop, from saccharum, 'sugar,' 
 A~li and fitrpov, 'measure.' A hydro- 
 
 ill meter adapted for determining the 
 density of syrups. The marginal 
 figure is graduated to Baum6's scale. 
 See Areometer. 
 
 SACCHAROMYCES, Torula ce- 
 ll revisiae. 
 
 SACCHARORRHCEA, Glycyr- 
 ;,, rhoea — s. Cutanea, Sudor dulcis. 
 i^ Saccharorrhce'a Lac'tea, Ga- 
 
 lactorrhos'a saccharn'ta. A secre- 
 tion of unusually sweet milk. 
 
 Saccharorrhcea Pqlmona'lis, 
 Sputum dulce seu sacchara'tum. The 
 copious expectoration of unusually 
 sweet matter from the lungs. 
 
 Saccharorrhcea Urinosa, Dia- 
 betes mellitus. 
 
 SACCHARUM, Sacclmr, caKX"?, 
 from Arabic, or rather Sanscrit, Sa- 
 kar, 'white earth;' Suchar, Succhar, 
 Sutter, Zuchf.n; Za'caro, As'sakur, 
 Ticjaln, Zac'charnm, Zozar, Zu'cha- 
 rum, Zuc' carttm, Zuclira, Mel arun- 
 dina'ceum, Sugar, (F.) Sucre. The 
 produce of the juice of Sac'charum 
 officina'rxun seu officinale of Lin- 
 naeus, Cal'amus In'dicus seu Saecha- 
 ri'nns, Sugar Cane, (F.) Canne. cl 
 Sucre. CannameUe ; Arun'do sac- 
 Saccharometcr. charif'era of Sloane ; Ord. Grami- 
 nea; ; Sex. Syst. Triandria Digynia, 
 and also of the beet, maple, &e. 
 
 True Sugars are those with which alcoholic 
 fermentation may be effected, by the addition of 
 yeast and water. They are : — 
 
 iipecie 
 
 Varieties. 
 
 . I Hard sugar of the cane, maple, beet, 
 
 I chestnut, &c. 
 
 „ f Liquid sugar, sugar of malt, of the 
 
 I sweet potato, melasses, honey, &o. 
 
 2 j Hard sugar of the grape, ripe fruits, 
 
 I starch, diabetes, &c. 
 
 4 Hard sugar of the mushroom. 
 
 Imperfect sugars are those in which alcoholic 
 fermentation cannot be effected by means of yeast 
 and water. 
 
 Species. Varieties. 
 
 1 Manna. 
 
 2 Sugar of Milk. 
 
 ,3 Sugar of jelly or glue. 
 
 4 Liquorice. 
 
 5 Picromel. 
 
 Sugar is prepared from the expressed juice of 
 the sugar-cane, boiled with the addition of quick- 
 lime or common vegetable alkali. It is used, in 
 pharmacy, for the preparation of syrups, con- 
 serves, lozenges, &c. It is nutritious, and is em- 
 ployed as an aliment, and as a eutrophic demul- 
 cent and antiseptic. Dissolved in small quantities 
 in water, as in tea, it is apt to disagree with dys- 
 peptics ; an evil which does not always occur 
 when the same substance is taken more largely. 
 
 Liver or Hepat'ic Sugar, (F.) Sucre du Foie, 
 has been recently found to be a normal secretion 
 of the liver. It is more readily assimilated than 
 other varieties of sugar. See Glucose. 
 
 SACCHARDir AcER'NUJr, S. Canaden'se, Maple 
 Sugar, is often used as a demulcent. 
 
 SAC'CHABUir Album, S. pnrifica'tnm, Saccha- 
 rum. (Ph. U. S.), Sal Indus, White Sugar, Refined 
 Sugar is the Loaf Sugar. Double-refined Sugar 
 has been called Tabanet. 
 
 Saccharum Aluminatum. Equal parts of 
 white sugar and alum, powdered. Used as a 
 styptic. 
 
 Saccharum Can'didum, S. candum seu cantum 
 seu canthuni, Al'phenie, Nabot, Sugar candy, Su- 
 gar candian, (F.) Sucre Candi, is the crystallized 
 juice of the cane. 
 
 Saccharum Candum, S. Candidum — s. Cantirm, 
 S. Candidum — s. Canthum, S. Candidum — s. 
 Commune, Saccharum non-purificatum. 
 
 Saccharum llonnK x't:vii, Barley Sugar.CProv.) 
 Sugar barley, Penides, Penid'ium, Sac'charum 
 jicnid'ium, is a variety of sugar candy. 
 
 Saccharum Lactis, Sugar of milk. 
 
 Saccharum Nom-Purifica'tum, Muscova'do, 
 raw, brown or moist sugar, is the S. eommu'ne, 
 S. rubrum, 3Iel canncB, or coarse sugar. 
 
 Saccharum Officinarum, see Saccharum — s. 
 Penidium, Hordeatum — s. Rosaceum, Confectio 
 rosse gallicas — s. Saturni, Plumbi superacetas. 
 
 SACCHARURE, from saccharum, 'sugar.' A 
 medicine resulting from the intimate union of 
 sugar with the medicinal principles of alcohol or 
 ethereal tinctures. — Beral. 
 
 SACCULATED, Encysted. 
 
 SACCULATUS, Encysted. 
 
 SACCULI ADIPOSI, Fatty vesicles — s. Cha- 
 licophori, see Lacunse of Bone — s. Laryngei, Ven- 
 tricles of the larynx. 
 
 Sac'culi Medicina'les. Bags containing me- 
 dicinal substances. 
 
 Sacculi Medullares, see Medullary mem- 
 brane. 
 
 SACCULUS, diminutive of saccus, 'a little 
 sac' This name has been given to two sacs 
 formed by the membranous vestibule, which open 
 into each other, and contain the otolithes and 
 otoconies : one of these is termed the sacculus 
 vestib'uli, the other sacculus. See Semicircular 
 canals. 
 
 Sacculus, Marsupion — s. Cephalicus, Cucu- 
 pha — s. Chylifer seu rorifer, Receptaculum chyli 
 — s. Cordis, Pericardium — s. Ellipticus, see Semi- 
 circular canals — s. Lactiferus, see Lactiferous 
 vessels. 
 
 Sac'culus Laryn'gis. A caecal pouch, of 
 variable size, formed by the mucous membrane 
 I in the ventricles of the larynx. — Hilton. 
 
SACCU3 
 
 811 
 
 SACROLUMBAR 
 
 S iccrLTTS Medicixalis, Pulvinar medicatum 
 — i. Sphericus, see Semicircular c-anals— s. Vesi- 
 cal, see Bladder, sacculated — s. Testibuli, Semi- 
 circular canals, see Saeculus. 
 
 SACCUS, Sac — s. Coli, Caecum — s. Cordis, 
 Pericardium — s. Herniosus, Hernial sac — s. Epi- 
 ploieus, Epiploon — s. Intestini crassi, Caecum — 
 s. Lacrymalis, Lachrymal sac — s. Lacrumalis, 
 Lachrymal sac — s. Lacteus, Receptaculum chyli 
 — s. ilucosus, see Bursse mucosae — s. Peritonsei 
 retro-ventricularis, see Epiploon, gastro-hepatic 
 — s. Pleuras, Pleura — s. Yenarum cavarum. Sinus 
 dexter cordis — s. Yenarum pulmonalium, Sinus 
 pulmonalis. 
 
 SACEPl, Sacral — s. Ignis, Herpes zoster — s. 
 Morbus, Epilepsy — s. Musculus, Transversalis 
 dorsi. 
 
 SACERDOTTS PEXIS, Arum maculatum. , 
 
 SACHET (F.), Sae' cuius, 'a little sac' A 
 small bag containing perfumes to be placed among 
 clothes to communicate to them an agreeable 
 odour. The following is a formula for the pow- 
 der they contain. Puicdered cloves and poicdered 
 cassia, each one ounce; poicdered orris root, an 
 ounce and a half; powd.ered yellow sandal icood, 
 one drachm; otto of roses, twenty-four drops; oil 
 of lavender, oil of hergarnot, each one drachm ; 
 musk, six grains. A scent-bag. 
 
 SACK, (F.) Sec, 'dry.' A dry wine used by 
 our ancestors; Vin sec. VTohahly Sherry. 
 
 Sack, Saecus, Secluso'riumj Sax. rac. A bag 
 or pouch. 
 
 Sack, Her'>'IAL, Saecus Jiernio'sns, (F.) Sac 
 Tieniiaire. An envelope or pouch, formed by the 
 serous membrane of the cavity, whence a viseus 
 has escaped. We distinguish, in a hernial sac, 
 its orifice or the opening by which it communi- 
 cates with the great cavity lined by the serous 
 membrane : its cervix or }!ect, (F.) Collet, the 
 narrow portion on the outside of the orifice, 
 where strangulation sometimes occurs : the hody, 
 (F.) Corps, which is the round prominent part; 
 and the fundus or bottom, — the part opposite to 
 the orifice. 
 
 Sack Posset; from sacJc, 'the wine,' and pos- 
 set. A posset made of sack, milk and other in- 
 gredients. 
 
 Sack, SERors. The shut cavity formed by 
 any serous membrane, as by the pleura or perito- 
 neum. 
 
 Sack Whet, Wine Whey, 
 
 SACRA D, see Sacral aspect. 
 
 SACRA FISTULA, Vertebral column. 
 
 SACRAL, Sacer, (F.) Sacre. That which be- 
 longs or relates to the sacrum. A name given to 
 several parts. 
 
 Sacral Arteries are distinguished into, 1. 
 The anterior or middle sacral. Median Artery of 
 the Sacrum of Chaussier, which arises from the 
 posterior part of the abdominal aorta, in front of 
 the 4th lumbar vertebra. It descends, in a ser- 
 pentine manner, upon the sacro-vertebral articu- 
 lation, and on the anterior surface of the sacrum. 
 It furnishes many lateral branches, which unite 
 with the lateral sacral arteries, and enter the an- 
 terior sacral foramina, to be distributed to the 
 membranes of the marrow, &c. 2. The lateral 
 sacral arteries, which are two in number ; one on 
 eaoh side. They arise from the hypogastric, from 
 the ilio-lumbar, or from the gluteal; and descend 
 before the anterior sacral foramina, anastomosing 
 in an arched manner, towards the coccyx, with 
 the middle sacral. They give off external and 
 posterior branches, which enter the sacral fora- 
 mina ; and internal branches, which are distri- 
 buted to the pyramidalis, sacrum, &c. 
 
 Sacral Aspect. An aspect towards the region 
 where the sacrum is situated. — Barclay. Saerad 
 
 is used by the same writer adverbially to signify 
 'towards the sacral aspect.' 
 
 Sacral Extrejiities. The lower limbs. 
 
 Sacral Grootes, (F.) Gouttieres sacrees. Two 
 longitudinal excavations, slightly marked, at the 
 posterior surface of the sacrum ; which appear to 
 terminate the vertebral grooves or gutters. 
 
 Sacral Serves, (F.) Xerfs sacres, are gene- 
 rally six in number. They arise from the termi- 
 nation of the spinal marrow. The first, united 
 with the great cord which descends from the 
 lumbar plexus, concurs with the three others in 
 the formation of the sacral or sciatic plexus. The 
 third and fourth, with branches of the great 
 sympathetic, from the hypogastric plexus. The 
 fifth and sixth (cocryrje'al nerve) are distributed 
 to the isehio-cocoygeus muscle, and to the sphinc- 
 ter and levator ani. 
 
 Sacral Plexus, Sciat'ic plexus, — the sacral 
 portion of the crural plexus of Chaussier, con- 
 stituted as just mentioned, is situate in front of 
 the pyramidalis. It gives off, backwards, two 
 branches, called the pudic, (F.j honteux, and the 
 lesser sciatic. It terminates in the great sciatic 
 nerve. ^ 
 
 SACRE, Sacral. 
 
 SACRO, in composition, relating or belonging 
 to the sacrum. 
 
 SACROCOCCTGE'AL, Sacro-coccygc'us. Re- 
 lating to the sacrum and coccyx. 
 
 Sacrococcyge'al Articcla'tion is that of 
 the lower extremity of the sacrum with the su- 
 perior /aee»e of the coccj-x. It is closed bj' two 
 ligaments; — an anterior and a j/osterior sacro- 
 coccygeal. 
 
 SACROCOSTALIS, Sacro-lumbalis— *. Femo- 
 rod, Glutgeus major. 
 
 SACROCOXAL'GIA, from sacro, coxa, 'the 
 hip,' and aXyog, 'pain:' a hybrid term. Some 
 authors have called thus a rheumatic affection of 
 the sacro-iliac symphysis. 
 
 SACROIL'IAC, Sacro-ili'acus. That -which 
 relates to the sacrum and ilium. 
 
 Sacroiliac Articula'tiox, Sym'phtsis or 
 Syxchosdro'siS, Ilio-sacral articula'tion, sym- 
 physis or synchondrosis, is the nnion of two sur- 
 faces ; — two inclined planes, broader above than 
 below; one formed by the sacrum, the other by 
 the ilium. Both surfaces are incrusted by an 
 articular cartilage. The bands which strengthen 
 them are the two saero - sciatic ligaments, the 
 sacrospinal, a sacro-iliac ligament, and some ir- 
 regular fibres. The sacro-iliac ligament is a very 
 thick assemblage of short, dense, irregular fibres, 
 occupying the space which the sacrum and ilium 
 leave between them, behind their articular sur- 
 face. Some authors have termed some irregular 
 fibres, situate in front of the sacro-iliac articula- 
 tion, anterior sacro-iliac ligaments, in opposition 
 to the preceding fasciae, which they caXl 'jjosterior 
 sacro-iliac. 
 
 SACROiSCHIATICUS, Sacro-sciatic. 
 
 SACROLOMBAIRE, Sacro-lumbalis. 
 
 SACROLUM'BAR,-S'ac;-o-?Hm6r,7(s,,SV(cro-7om- 
 baire. That which belongs to the sacrum and 
 loins. 
 
 Sacrolttjibae, Sacro-lumba'lis, Sacro-himba'- 
 ris Muscle, Saero-costa'lis, Dorso-trache' linn rior- 
 tion of the Sacrospinal of Chaussier, (¥.) Lombo- 
 costo-trachelien, Sacro-lombaire, is seated at the 
 posterior part of the trunk ; is thick and triangu- 
 lar below; flat and thin in the remainder, and 
 terminates in a point at its upper extremity. It 
 is attached to the posterior surface of the sacrum; 
 to the corresponding portion of the crista ilii; to 
 the extremities of the transverse processes of the 
 lumbar vertebrae ; to the angles of the eleven in- 
 ferior ribs; to the tuberosity of the first, and the 
 
SACROSCIATIC 
 
 812 
 
 SAGITTAL 
 
 posterior tubercle of the transverse processes of 
 the last five cervical vertebra. The sacro-lum- 
 balis straightens the vertebral column when bent 
 forwards, and maintains it straight. By means 
 of its insertion into the ribs, it can elevate or de- 
 press these bones, according as it contracts from 
 above to below, or from below to above. It acts, 
 consequently, sometimes as an inspiratory, at 
 others as an expiratory muscle. 
 
 From six or eight of the lower ribs arises an 
 equal number of fleshy portions, which terminate 
 at the inner side of this muscle, and are called 
 ILts'odi Accessor'ii seu Additamen'tum ad Sacro- 
 luniha'lem, (P.) Acccssoires du Sacro-lomhaire. 
 
 From the upper part of the saoro-lumbalis, a 
 fleshy slip, called Cervica'lii descen'dens, C'ervi- 
 culis descendens Diemerhroeck'ii, Transversa' lis 
 coUatera'lis colli, Accesso'riiis ad Sacro-lumba- 
 lem, (F.) Transversnire grele, runs up, to be fixed 
 to the transverse processes of the fourth, fifth, 
 and sixth cervical vertebrse, by three distinct 
 tendons. These last parts, though separated by 
 ' some anatomists, belong to the sacro-lumbalis. 
 SACROSCIAT'IC, Sacro-ischiat' icus. That 
 •which belongs to the sacrum and ischium. 
 
 Sacrosciatic Ligaments are two ligaments, 
 which assist in securing the sacro-iliac articula- 
 tion. The great or posterior sacrosciatic liga- 
 ment extends from the crista ilii and the sides 
 of the sacrum and coccyx to the tuberosity of the 
 ischium. The less or anterior sacrosciatic liga- 
 ment arises from the same point, and terminates 
 in the spine of the ischium. 
 
 SACROSPINAL, Dorso-trachelian portion of 
 the sacro-lumbnlis. 
 
 SACROSPINA'LIS. That which relates to 
 the sacrum and spine. Under this name-, Chaus- 
 sier describes the sacro-lumbalis, longissimus 
 dorsi, transversalis, transverso-spinalis. and in- 
 tertransversalis muscles. He divides it into three 
 portions. ^ 
 
 SA Cli OTRO CHA NTERTEN, Pyramidalis. 
 S A C R OVB R T ' E B R A L, Sacro-vertebra'lis. 
 That which relates to the sacrum and the ver- 
 tebrae. 
 
 Sacrotertebral AuTicuLATiOf is the junc- 
 tion of the last vertebrte of the loins with the 
 sacrum. The angle which these two bones form 
 at the anterior part has been called the Prom'on- 
 tory of the Sacrum, or the Saero-vertehral Angle. 
 Sacrovertebral Ligament is a strong ligu- 
 ment, which passes from the anterior part of each 
 of the transverse processes of the last lumbar 
 vertebra to be attached to the base of the sacrum. 
 Its use is to maintain the articulation of those 
 two bones in sitn. 
 
 SACRUM, Os sacrum seu hasila're seu Alagas 
 seu latum seu chin'inm, Lus, Luz, Ver'tehra 
 magna, Alhagiazi, Hi'eron ost'eon, Clunis, Sub- 
 ver'febra, Subver'tehrum, Vet'ula; from sacer, 
 'sacred;' because it contributes to protect the 
 genital organs, which were considered sacred, or 
 because it was ofi'ered in sacrifice. The bone, 
 which forms the posterior part of the pelvis, and 
 is a continuation of the vertebral column. The 
 sacrum is symmetrical and triangular, situate at 
 the posterior part of the pelvis, and concave an- 
 teriorly. It has, — 1. A pelvic or anterior surface, 
 which corresponds to the pelvic cavity, and has 
 four transverse furrows, that point out the parts 
 where the primitive portions of the bone were 
 separated from each other. On each side there 
 are four foramina, called anterior sacral; these 
 are oblique, and decrease in size, from above 
 downwards. Through them pass the anterior 
 branches of the sacral nerves. 2. A sjjinal or 
 posterior surface, which is convex, rough, and 
 covered by muscles. Upon the median line are 
 four horizontal, tubercular eminences, forming a 
 
 continuation of the spinous processes of the ver- 
 tebras ; and below, a triangular notch, where the 
 sacral canal terminates. On each side of the sur- 
 face are four foramina, called posterior sacral, 
 which are smaller than the anterior, and give 
 passage to the posterior branches of the sacral 
 nerves. 3. The vertebral surface or base. Its 
 greatest extent is transversely. It is articulated 
 with the last lumbar vertebra. On it is seen the 
 orifice of the sacral canal, of a triangular shape, 
 which decreases in width from above downward ; 
 terminates the vertebral canal ; is lined by a pro- 
 longation of the cerebral membranes; contains 
 the fasciculi of the sacral nerves ; communicates, 
 externally, by the sacral foramina ; and termi- 
 nates at the triangular notch on the posterior 
 surface of the bone. At the sides of the upper 
 orifice of the sacral canal are two articular pro- 
 cesses, which receive the articular processes of 
 the last lumbar vertebra. The projection, formed 
 by the union of the base of the sacrum with the 
 liist lumbar vertebra, is called the Prom'ontory, 
 Promonto'rium Ossis Sacri, Great Angle of the 
 Sacruni or Sacro-vertebral Angle. 4. A coccygeal 
 face or apex, (F.) Face coccygienne ou Somniet, 
 which is very narrow, and is articulated with the 
 coccyx. 5. Two lateral margins, which have, 
 above, a broad, oblique surface, articulated with 
 the ilium. 
 
 The sacrum is developed by 30 to 36 points of 
 ossification. 
 
 SADDLE, TURKISH, Sella Turcica. 
 S^PES, Sepes. 
 
 SAFFLOW, Carthamus tinctorius. 
 SAFFLOWER, Carthamus tinctorius. 
 SAFFRON, Crocus — s. Bastard, Carthamus 
 tinctorius — s. Dyers', Carthamus tinctorius. 
 Saffron Flower, Carthamus tinctorius. 
 Saffron, Meadow, Colchicum autumnale. 
 SAFRAN BaTARD, Carthamus tinctorius, 
 Colchicum autumnale — s. des Indes, Curcuma 
 longa — 8. de 3[ars aperitif, Ferri subcarbonas — 
 s. de 3fars astringent, Colcothar — s. des Pres, 
 Colchicum autumnale — s. Racine de, Curcuma 
 longa. 
 
 SAFRANUM, Carthamus tinetorius. 
 SAFRE, Smalt. 
 SAGA, Sago. 
 
 SAGAPE'NUM, Sag'apin, Serapi'non, (P.) 
 Gomme seraphique. A gum-resin, supposed to 
 be obtained from the Fer'ula Per'sica. Ord. 
 Umbellifera3. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. 
 Its odour is fetid and alliaceous ; taste pungent, 
 bitterish, nauseous. It is in small, agglutinated 
 masses of a yellow colour; tenacious; breaking 
 with a horny fracture. It is a reputed antispas- 
 modic and eramenagogue. Dose, gr. x to Zss. 
 SAGAPIN, Sagapenum. 
 
 SAGE, Salvia — s. Indian, Eupatorium perfo- 
 liatum — s. Jerusalem, Pulmonaria. 
 Sage Tree, Lantana. 
 Sage, Wild, Salvia Africana, S. Lyrata. 
 SAGE-FEiMME, Midwife. 
 SAGENA, Epiploon. 
 
 SAG ESSE EES CHIRURGIENS, Sisym, 
 brium Sophia. 
 
 SAGIMEN VITRI, Soda, subearbonate of. 
 SAGIT'TAL, Sagitta'lis, Sagitta'tus, from 
 sagitta, ' an arrow.' 
 
 Sagittal Furrow, Sagittal Groove, (P.) Gout- 
 tiere sagittate, is a channel on the median line of 
 the inner surface of the skull-cap. It is exca- 
 vated in the os frontis, in the two parietal and 
 occipital bones, and extends from the crista galli 
 to the internal occipital protuberance. It lodges 
 the longitudinal sinus, which has been called the 
 sagittal sinus. 
 
 Sagittal Suture, ObelcB'a sutu'ra seu Raphe, 
 Sutura Virya'ta seu juga'lis seu RabdoVdes, 
 
SAGITTARIA VARIABILIS 813 
 
 SAL 
 
 Rhnhdoi'des, Bhahdo'des, Rhahdo'ideus seu Bi- 
 parieta'Us seu Iiiterparieta'lis. The suture which 
 unites the two parietal bones, and which extends, 
 from before to behind, on the median line, from 
 the coronal suture to the lambdoidal. It is so 
 called, from sagitta, 'an arrow,' because it seems 
 to meet the coronal suture as an arrow meets the 
 string of a bow. 
 
 SAGITTA'RIA VARIAB'ILIS. From sa- 
 gitta, 'an arrow,' owing to the prevalent form of 
 the leaves. Arrowhead, Arrowhnf, Arrow loeed, 
 Wapafa of Oregon; Nat. Ord. Alismacese. Escu- 
 lent, yielding fecula like arrow-root. The roots 
 are cooling and sub-astringent, and are at times 
 applied to the feet in cases of yaws and dropsical 
 swellings of the legs. The leaves are applied to 
 the breasts to dispel milk. 
 
 SAGITTA ' RIUM ALEXIPHAR' MACUM, 
 3falac'ccB radix, Ganna In'dieu, Arim'do Indica. 
 A root cultivated in the West Indies, and sup- 
 posed to be a remedy for wounds by poisoned 
 arrows. 
 
 SAGITTATUS, Sagittal. 
 
 SAG-0, S'lgns, Saga, Sagii, Segx, Am'ijlani pnl- 
 ma'ceum, (F.) Sngon, Sagne. A fecula, obtained 
 from the pith of the Sagus rumph'ii, Cycas circi- 
 na'lis, 0. revolu'ta, &c., growing in the Moluccas, 
 Philippine Isles, <fee., and which is brought to us 
 in small grains. The same substance is, also, 
 obtained from the West Indies, but it is inferior 
 to that from the East. By boiling in water or 
 milk, sago becomes soft and transparent, and 
 forms an agreeable and nutritious food in febrile, 
 calculous, and other disorders. It is made pala- 
 table by sugar, lemon-juice, or wine, where the 
 last is not contra-indicated. 
 
 To make sago into a proper mucilage for the 
 sick, a tablespoonful of it should be macerated 
 in a pint of water for two hours, and then boiled 
 for fifteen minutes, stirring assiduouslj'. Care 
 must be taken, that the grains are perfectly dis- 
 solved by long boiling and constant stirring. 
 
 Sago posset is made by putting sago, ,^ij, into 
 water, Oij ; boiling until the mucilage is formed : 
 then rubbing sugar, ^ss, on the rind of a lemon, 
 and putting it with tincture of ginger, f,^j, into 
 sherry, Oss ; adding this mixture to the mucilage, 
 and boiling for live minutes. — It is a good resto- 
 rative. 
 
 Sago, French, see Solanum tuberosum, and 
 Arrow-root, common — s. Portland Island, see 
 Arum maculatum. 
 
 SAOOU, Sago. 
 
 SAGU, Sago. 
 
 SAGUE, Sago — s. Petit, see Solanum tube- 
 rosum. 
 
 SAGUERUS GOMUTO, see Toddy — s. 
 Ruraphii, see Toddy — s. Saceharifer, see Toddy. 
 
 SAGUS, Sago — s. Rumphii, see Sago. 
 
 SAHARA, Insomnia. 
 
 SAIDSGHtJTZ WATER, Seidschiitz water. 
 
 SAIGN^E, Blood-letting— s. Spoliativc, Spo- 
 liativa phlebotomia. 
 
 .S'^ IGNEMENT D U NEZ, Epistaxis. 
 
 SAILORS, DISEASES, <fcc., OF. Sailors, by 
 nature of their occupation, are liable to many 
 diseases. Several of these may, however, be 
 warded off by proper attention to cleanliness and 
 ventilation. 
 
 SAIN BOTS, Daphne gnidium — s. Doux, 
 Adeps prseparatus. 
 
 SAINT AMAND, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Sulphuretted waters, in the department of Du 
 Nord, France. They contain carbonic and snl- 
 phohydric acids. The Bone or deposit contains 
 sulphohydric acid, and salts of iron and magne- 
 sia. Temperature, 64° to 82° Fahr. 
 
 SAINT ANTHONY'S FIRE, Ervsipelas. 
 
 SAINT AUGUSTINE, CLIMATE OF. This 
 
 sea-port of Florida is a frequent retreat during 
 the winter season for the valetudinarian from the 
 more northern parts of the United States. The 
 climate is certainly comparatively mild and equa- 
 ble; but it is liable to frequent north-east storms. 
 There are only a few days, however, in winter, 
 in which the invalid cannot take exercise in the 
 open air. Tampa Bay, and Pensacola, in Florida, 
 and Mobile, in Alabama, which are sometimes 
 visited by the consumptive, are le.ss liable to the 
 storms in question. 
 
 SAINT CATHERINE'S SPRINGS, see Cana- 
 da, Mineral waters of. 
 
 SAINT CHARLES'S ROOT, Carlo Sancto 
 (Radix). 
 
 SAINT CROIX, Santa Cruz. 
 
 SAINT JAMES'S WORT, Senecio Jacobsea, 
 Thlaspi bursa. 
 
 SAINT JOHN'S DANCE, see Mania, dancing. 
 
 — St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum. 
 SAINT KITTS, see West Indies. 
 
 SAINT LEONARD'S, CLIMATE OF. This 
 place, which is situate about a mile to the west- 
 ward of Hastings, in Sussex", England, is less shel- 
 tered than it, and is therefore a less favourable 
 retreat, during the winter months, for the phthi- 
 sical valetudinarian. 
 
 SAINT MYON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Some cold, acidulous waters at Saint Myon, near 
 Riom, in the department of Puy-de-Dome. They 
 contain free carbonic acid, subearbonate of soda, 
 chloride of sodium, and carbonate and sulphate 
 of lime. 
 
 SAINT NECTAIRE, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Springs in the department of Puy-de-D6me, 
 France. They contain carbonic acid, bicarbonate 
 of soda, and chloride of sodium. Temperature, 
 75° to 103° Fahr. 
 
 SAINT PARDAUX, MINERAL AVATERS 
 OF. Chalybeate springs in the department (jf Al- 
 lier, France. They contain carbonic acid and iron. 
 
 SAINT SAUVEUR, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Sulphurous waters in the department of 
 Ilautes-Pyrenees, France. Temperature, 76° to 
 93° Fahr. 
 
 SAINT VINCENT'S, see West Indies. 
 
 SAINT VITUS'S DANCE, Chorea, see Ma- 
 nia, dancing — s. Vitus's Dance of the Voice, 
 Balbuties. 
 
 SAIR, Ulcer. 
 
 SAIRE, Essera. 
 
 SAL, Salt — s. Absinthii, Potassas subcarbonas, 
 see Potash — s. Acetosellse, Potass, oxalate of — 
 s. Acetosus ammoniacalis. Liquor ammonia; ace- 
 tatis — s. Acidum benzoes, Benjamin — s. Aeratus, 
 see Potassaa carbonas — s. Albus, Soda, muriate of 
 — s. Alembroth, Alembroth salt — s. Alkali, Soda, 
 subearbonate of— s. Alkalinus fixus fossilis. Soda 
 — s. Amarum, Magnesife sulphas — s. Ammoniac, 
 volatile, Ammonias carbonas — s. Ammoniacum, 
 Ammonife murias — s. Ammoniacum martiale, 
 Fcrrura ammoniatum — ?. Ammoniacum secretum 
 Glauberi, Ammonite sulphas — s. Ammoniacum 
 tartareura, Ammonise tartras — s. Ammoniacum 
 vegetabile. Liquor animoniae acetatis — s. Ammo- 
 niacus nitrosus. Ammonia; nitras — s. Ammoniaj, 
 Ammonia; murias — s. Anglicanum, Magnesise 
 sulphas — s. Antiepilepticus of Weissman, Cuprum 
 ammoniatum — s. Antimonii, Antimonium tarta- 
 rizatum — s. Animoniiicum, Ammoniae murias — s. 
 Armoniacum, Ammoniae murias — s. Artis, Alem- 
 broth salt — s. Asphaltitis, Bit noben — s. Cathar- 
 ticus amarus. Magnesias sulphas — s. Cathnrticus 
 Glauberi, Soda, sulphate of — s. Communis, vSoda, 
 muriate of — s. Cornu cervi volatile, Ammoniae 
 carbonas— s. Culinaris, Soda, muriate of — s. Di- 
 gestivus Sylvii, Potassae murias — s. Diureticns, 
 Potass£e acetas — s. de Duobus, Potassfe sulphas 
 
 — s. Ebsdamense, Magnesise sulphas — s. Enix- 
 
SALAAM CONVULSION 
 
 814 
 
 SALIVARY 
 
 um, Potassas supersulphas — s. Epsomensis, Mag- 
 nesiEe sulphas — s. Essentiale Benzoes, Benjamin 
 
 — s. Essentiale corticis Peruvian!, Quinine — s. 
 Febrifugus of Lemery, Potassse supersulphas — s. 
 Febrifugus Sylvii, Potass83 murias — s. Fontium, 
 Soda, muriate of — s. Fossilis, Soda, muriate of — 
 s. Fuliginis, Ammonias carbonas — s. Gemmae, 
 Soda, muriate of — s. Herbarum, Potassse subcar- 
 bonas — s. Indus, Saccbnrura album — s. Lixivi- 
 osutn, see Lixivium — s. Lueidum, Soda, muriate 
 (if — s. Marinus, Soda., muriate of — s. Martis, 
 Ferri sulphas — s. Martis Muriaticum sublima- 
 tum, Ferrum ammoniatum — s. Mirabile perlatum. 
 Soda, phosphate of — s. Mirabilis Glauberi, Soda, 
 sulphate of — s. Muriaticum baroticum. Baryta, 
 muriate of — s. Nitrum, Potassse nitras — s. Os- 
 sium, Ammonise carbonas — s. Panchrestum, Po- 
 tassas tartras — s. Petrse, Potassae nitras — s. Tar- 
 tarum, Potassfe subcarbonas — s. Plumbi, Plumbi 
 superacetas — ^s. Polyohrestus, Potassse sulphas — 
 s. Polyohrestus Glaseri, PotassEe sulphas cum 
 sulphure — s. Polychrestum Seignetti, Soda, tar- 
 trate of — s. Prunellag, Potassae nitras fusus sul- 
 phaiis paucillo mixtus — s. Rupellensis, Soda, tar- 
 trate of — s. Sapienti33, Alembroth salt, Potassse 
 sulphas — s. Saturni, Plumbi superacetas — s. 
 Seientise, Alembroth salt — s. Secretus Glauberi, 
 Ammonias sulphas — s. Sedativus Hombergi, Bo- 
 racic acid — s. Sedlicensis, Magnesias sulphas — 
 s. Seignetti, Soda, tartrate of — s. Sennerti, Po- 
 tassse acetas — s. Seydschiitzense, Magnesise sul- 
 phas — s. Sodae, Soda, subcarbonate of — s. So- 
 domonus. Bit noben — s. Succini, Succinic acid 
 
 — s. Tartari, Potassas subcarbonas, see Potash — 
 s. Tartari essentiale. Tartaric acid — s. Tartari 
 sulphuratura, Potassse sulphas — s. Urinse, Mi- 
 crocosmicum Sal — s. Urinosum, Urea — s. Vege- 
 tabilis, Potassse tartras — s. Vitas, Alembroth salt 
 
 — s. Vitrioli, Zinci sulphas — s. Vitrioli narcoti- 
 cura, Boracic acid — s. Volatile, Ammonise car- 
 bonas, Spiritus ammoniaj aromaticus — s. Vola- 
 tile Benzoes, Benjamin — s. Volatile boracis, Bo- 
 racic acid — s. Volatile oleosum Sylvii, Spiritus 
 nmmoniae aromaticus — s. Volatile succini, Suc- 
 cinic acid — s. Volatilis sails ammoniaci, Am- 
 monise carbonas — s. Vomitorium vitrioli, Zinci 
 sulphas. 
 
 SALAAM CONVULSIOI^f, see Convulsion, 
 Salaam. 
 
 SALAB, Salep. 
 
 SALACITAS, Satyriasis — s. Vulvee, Nym- 
 phomania. 
 
 SALAD, CORN, Valeriana dentata. 
 
 SALAP, Salep. 
 
 SALCOMBE, (CLIMATE OF.) A small place 
 
 — the Montpelier of Iluxha.m — which is one of 
 the warmest spots on the S. W. coast of England, 
 and, therefore, in this respect adapted for the 
 phthisical invalid as a winter retreat. 
 
 SALEP, Snloop' (so pronounced.) Salab, Sa- 
 lap. The prepared bulb of the Orchis mas'cxda 
 and other species of Orchis. The salep of Cach- 
 inere is from a species of Eulojih'ia. Salep is in 
 small, irregular, hard masses. In its composition 
 in relation to water, it is closely analogous to 
 tragacanth. It is possessed of similar virtues 
 with sago, tapioca, &c. The mucilage is prepared 
 by dissolving the powdered salep in hot water, 
 with assiduous stirring, and adding to the solu- 
 tion sugar and milk. 
 
 Salep, Otaheite, Arrow-root,(Tahiti). 
 
 SALER'NUM, (SCHOOL OF.) An ancient 
 school of medicine at Salerno in Italy. It was 
 established by Charlemagne, in 802; and was the 
 first Christian university at which medicine was 
 taught. It was much celebrated, especially in 
 the 12th century. The work on hygiene, "Be 
 Conservandd Vale.tudine," which bears its name, 
 ba<3 passed through several editions in various 
 
 languages. It is supposed to have been written 
 by John of Milan, in 1100, and is in Leonine 
 verses. 
 
 SALICARIA, Lythrum salicaria. 
 
 SALICINE, see Salix. 
 
 SALICORNIA ARABICA, Ac, see Soda. 
 
 SALINE', Sali'nua, Salina'ciu-i, Salinac"idu8, 
 Sali'Uis, Salsus, Hali'nus, Hcdmy'rus, 'a'Spii'iiui, 
 Halico'des, Srdi'nniis, from sal. That which eon- 
 tains a salt, or has the properties of a salt. 
 
 Saline Draught or Mixture. This may be 
 made as follows: — Potass, carbon. Qjj odd. citric. 
 seu tartar, gr. xv seu svcc. Union, recent. 3ss, 
 aqum f^ viij, sT/rxp. cujusvis ^j. M. Given in di- 
 vided doses as a febrifuge. 
 
 Saline Effervescing Draught or Mixture 
 is made by adding a due proportion of either of 
 the acids above mentioned, or of lemon-juice, to 
 the proper proportion of the carbonate of soda or 
 potassa. About 25 grains of the acid saturate 
 30 grains of the carbonate. See Powders, soda. 
 
 SALINES, see Kentucky, mineral waters of. 
 
 SALINOUS, Saline. 
 
 SALIS AMiMONIACI FLORES, Ammonise 
 carbonas. 
 
 SALITIO, Leap. 
 
 SALITUS, Saline. 
 
 SALIUM, Saliva. 
 
 SALIUNCA, Valeriana Celtica. 
 
 SALI'VA, Si'alon, Si'elon, Sialo'ma, Ptysma, 
 Pty'alon, Pty'elon, Su'lium, Spuia'men, Sputa- 
 men' turn, Sputum, Spittle, (Old. Eng.) Spaid, 
 (Prov.) Spoat. An inodorous, insipid, transpa- 
 rent, slightly viscid fluid ; secreted by the parotid, 
 submaxillary and sublingual glands, and poured 
 into the mouth by the ducts of Steno, Wharton, 
 and Rivinus; the use of which is to mix with the 
 alimentary bolus, and to serve in the process of 
 digestion. It is composed, according to Berzelius, 
 of 992-2 parts of water, 2-9 of a particular ani- 
 mal matter, soluble in water, and insoluble in al- 
 cohol, pty'alin, princip'inm saliva'le, mate'ria 
 siali'na, Cu'sein of the sali'va, Sal'ivary alhu'- 
 nieii, of 1'4 of mucus, 1'7 of chlorides of potas- 
 sium and sodium, 0'9 of lactate of soda and ani- 
 mal matter, and 0*2 of soda. 
 
 SALIViE FLUXUS CIBO VISO, see Saliva- 
 tion. 
 
 SALTVAIRE, Anthemis pyrethrum, Salivary. 
 
 SALIVA L, Salivary. 
 
 SALIVANS, Sialagogue. 
 
 SALFVANT, Sialagogue. 
 
 SALIVARIS, Salivary — s. Herba, Anthemis 
 pyrethrum. 
 
 SAL'IVARY, Scdiva'rius, Saliva'ris, Salivo'- 
 S1IS, Sali'val, Sali'vous, from saliva, (F.) Salivaire, 
 That vrhich belongs to the saliva. 
 
 Salivary Albumen, see Saliva — s. Calculi, see 
 Calculi, salivary. 
 
 Salivary Fis'tuLjE, Syalosyrin'gea, are such 
 as depend upon an accidental opening into the 
 excretory ducts of the salivary glands. FistulsB 
 are most commonly met vrith in the duct of Steno. 
 
 Salivary Glands, Secreting organs of the 
 saliva, Salival glands, are situate symmetrically, 
 to the number of four, on each side of the face. 
 Their form is very irregular, and their extent 
 varies according to individuals. Their excretory 
 ducts — Ductus Saliva'rii, (F.) Canaux ou Con- 
 duits salivai res— carry the saliva directly into the 
 mouth, without pouring it into any intermediate 
 reservoir, as happens in the case of some of the 
 other glands. 'The salivary glands have been 
 distinguished into, — 1. The parotid ; 2. The sub- 
 maxillary; 3. The sublingual ; and 4. The intra- 
 lingual or lingual, seated at the inferior surface 
 of the tongue, where the mucous membrane forms 
 a fringed fold. 
 
SALIVATIO 
 
 815 
 
 SALT 
 
 SALIVATIO, Salivation— s. Mercurialis, Sali- 
 vation, mercurial. 
 
 SALIVA'TION, Saliva'tio, S. cal'icki, EpipV- 
 ora ptyalis'inus, Siali's'mtis, Sputum Oris, Si'ol'- 
 nchiis, S'ielismoi!, Siahrrhce'a, Sialoze'mia, Ptya- 
 lin'mus, Pty'alism, Fluxna sali'va., (¥.) Flux de 
 BoH<ihe, Flux salivaire, Ptyalisme ; from Saliva. 
 A superabundant secretion of saliva; occasioned 
 either locally, by the use of irritating masticatories, 
 or under the influence of some cause which acts on 
 the whole economy, and especially of mercurial 
 preparations. In this last ease it is accompanied 
 by a coppery taste in the mouth, by swelling of 
 the gums, and sometimes by looseness of the 
 teeth. Salivation may usually be diminished by 
 the use of astringents, laxatives, <fec. 
 
 Ptyalismna acu'tus sympnthet'icus, SalivoB fluxiis 
 cibo viso, Mouth watering, the increased flow of 
 saliva produced by the sight, smell, or thought 
 of agreeable food, is a species of ptyalism, as well 
 as the Ptyalismus acutus melli'tus, Apoceno'sis 
 ptyalis'mns m-ellitus, Dulce'do Sputato'rum, or 
 Sweet spittle. In this, the saliva has a sweet or 
 mucilaginous taste. 
 
 Salivation, Mercu'rial, Saliva'tio mercti- 
 ria'lis, Sialoze'mia seu Pfyalis'mus mercuria'Us, 
 P. hydrargyra'tus, (F.) Ptyalisme mercuriel. Sali- 
 vation mereurielle. Salivation produced by mer- 
 cury. The stomatitis that accompanies it is 
 termed mercurial, Hydrar'gyro-stomati'tis, (F.) 
 Stomatite mereurielle. 
 
 SALIVATION 3IEECURIELLE, ^aXixAWon, 
 mercurial. 
 
 SALIVATUM, Sialagogue. 
 SALIVOSUS, Salivary. 
 SALTVOUS, Salivary. 
 
 SALIX. The Willow, I'tea, (Prov.) Sally, 
 Sally-withy, (Sc.) Snuch,^ Sough, Will'tn, (F.) 
 Snule. A genus of plants in the Linnsean system. 
 Old. Salieacea;. 
 
 Salix FRAG"rLlS, <S'. pen'dula seu decip'iens 
 seu amygdali'na seu persicifo'lin seu Russelia'na 
 seu pippoph' aefolia seu Trevira'nii, or Crack wil- 
 low (Ph. D.) Salix Alba, S. ceeru'lea seu vitel- 
 li'na, or White willow (Ph. D. and Ph. U. S.), (F.) 
 Osier. Salix Latifo'lia, or broad-leaved wil- 
 low. Salix Ca'prea, S. Sphacela'ta seu tomen- 
 to'sa, or Great round-leaved willow (Ph. L.) 
 Salix Pentan'dria seu Hermaphrodit'ica. 
 Salix Hu'milis, Low bush willow. Speckled 
 ■willow. Salix Vitdli'na, Salix Erioceph'ala. 
 The bark of each of these has a slightly aro- 
 matic odour, and a bitter astringent taste, which 
 is nearly the same in all the species. It is tonic 
 and astringent, and has been used in intermit- 
 tents, and in cases of dyspepsia, worms, &o. The 
 active principle has been separated, and called 
 Sal'icine. It has been found in about fourteen 
 species of salix and eight species of Populus ; is 
 like the quinia in medicinal efBcacy. Dose, ^j to 
 _^j of the powder. Dose of Salicine from 4 to 6 
 grains. 
 
 Salix ^gyptiaca, Calaf. 
 SALLENDERS, Malandria, 
 SALLTS. Adeps. 
 SALLOW, Lurid. 
 SALLY, Salix. 
 SALLY-WITHY, Salix. 
 SALMIAC, Ammoniae murias. 
 SALOOP, Salep, Also, sassafras tea flavored 
 with milk and sugar. Under this name a tea is 
 sold in the streets of London which consists of 
 an infusion of the wood of Laurus Sassafras with 
 ihe addition of milk and sugar — Sas'safras Tea. 
 SALPETRA, Potassae nitras, Soda, nitrate 
 of. 
 
 SALPINGEMPHRAX'TS, from (ra^^rty^, ca\- 
 'T'yyos, 'a tube,' and cfiippa^ii, 'obstruction.' Ob- 
 
 struction of the Eustachian tube ; — a cause of 
 deafness. 
 
 SALPINGI'TIS, from (ra\riy^, aaXniyyo?, 'a 
 tube,' and iVi's, ' denoting inflammation.' Inflam- 
 mation of the Eustachian tube. 
 
 SALPINGOCYE'SIS, Pamcye'sis tuha'ria, 
 Gravid'itas tuha'ria, frovo. (raX;rtyf, aaXiriyyog, 'a 
 tube or trumpet,' and Kvrjtns, ' pregnancy.' Tubal 
 pregnancy. — See Pregnancy, tubal. 
 
 SALphvGO.VALLEEJW Tensor tympani. 
 SALPIXGOPHARYNG^'US, from ca\ziy^, 
 cra'X-iyyoi, ' a trumpet,' and (papvy^, 'the pharynx.' 
 Valsalva and Douglas have given this name to a 
 bundle of fibres, which passes from the Eustachian 
 tube to the pharynx. 
 
 SALPINGOSTAP H YL INUS, Circumflex 
 muscles — s. StaphvHnus internus. Levator palati. 
 SALPINGOSTENOCIIO'RIA, from au\-iy^, 
 aaXTziyyo;, 'a tube,' (jrevo;, 'narrow,' and X'^P") 
 'space.' Narrowness or stricture of the Eusta- 
 chian tube. 
 
 SALPINX, Tuba. 
 
 SALSAMENTUM CRUDUM. Omotarichos. 
 SALSAPARILLA GERMANICA, Sarsapa- 
 rilla Germanica. 
 
 SALSEDO MUCRUM, Potasss nitras. 
 SALSEPAREILLE, Smilax sarsaparilla — s. 
 d' Allemagne, Sarsaparilla Germanica — s. dn Bri- 
 sil, s. Caraque, s. de Honduras, s. de Peru, and 
 s. de Portugal, see Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 SALSIFI, Tragopogon porrifolium. 
 SALSILAGO, Muria. 
 SALSOLA DECUMBENS, S. Kali. 
 Salso'la Kali, S. Becum'bens, Kali soda seu 
 spino'sum cochlea'tum, Prickly Saltwort, Tragus 
 sive Tragum Matthi'oli. Ord. Chenopodiacefe; 
 from sal, 'salt,' owing to its saline properties. 
 This plant, as well as Salsola sati'va and Salsola 
 soda seu longifo'lia. Kali iner'mis, Herba vitri, 
 produces the alkaline salt, commonly called Ba- 
 rilla, Soda, or Kelp. 
 
 Salsola Longifolia, S. Kali — s. Sativa, &e., 
 see S. Kali, and Soda — s. Soda, see S. Kali. 
 SALSUGINOSUS, Halmyrodes. 
 SALSUS, Saline. 
 
 .SALT, Sal, Hal, Hals, 'a\g, (F.) Sel. A name 
 formerly given to a considerable number of sub- 
 stances of very difi"erent nature. At present, ehy- 
 mists apply the term Salts exclusively to the com- 
 bination of an acid with one or more bases. Neu- 
 tral salts are those in which the acid and base 
 reciprocally saturate each other. Acid salts or 
 SMpersalts, (F.) Sur-sels, are those in which the 
 acid predominates over the base. Alkaline salts 
 or suhsalfs, (F.) Sous-sels, those in which the base 
 is, on the contrary, predominant. The different 
 denominations of the salts are compounded, 1. Of 
 the name of the acid ; the termination of which 
 is cbnnged into ite, when the name of the acid is 
 in o»A- ; — ate. when it is in ic. Thus the salts 
 formed by the sulphurous acid are sulphites ; 
 those by the sulphuric, sulphates. 2. This name 
 is followed iip by that of the oxyd, which enters 
 into the composition of the salt. Thus, the sul- 
 phate of protoxyd of iron is a combination of 
 sulphuric acid with the protoxyd of that metal. 
 Frequently, to shorten the name, the word oxyd 
 is suppressed ; and proto, dento, trito, &o., put 
 before the acid : — as protosulphate of iron. Sim- 
 ple salts are those resulting from the combina- 
 tion of an acid with a single base ; double salts 
 with two diff'erent bases: triple with three, <fec. 
 A haloid salt is one constituted after the type of 
 common salt, or which contains a metal and a 
 salt-radical, as chlorine, iodine, &(s. An oxysalt 
 is formed from the combination of an acid with 
 an oxide. 
 
 When salt is used in an abstract sense, it means 
 the chloride of sodium. 
 
SALTANS BOSA 
 
 816 
 
 SAMPSUCUS 
 
 Salt, Aperient, of Frederick, Soda, sulphate 
 of — s. Baker's, Ammonise cavbonas— s. of Barilla, 
 Soda, subcarbonate of — s. Bay, Soda, muriate of 
 — s. Bitter purging. Magnesias sulphas — s. Com- 
 mon, Soda, muriate of — s. Epsom, Magnesise sul- 
 phas — s. Glauber's, Soda, sulphate of — s. Glau- 
 ber's, Lymington, see Soda, sulphate of — s. Pres- 
 ton, see AmmoniiB carbonas — s. Rochelle, Soda, 
 tartrate of — s. Rock, Soda, muriate of — s. Sea, 
 Soda, muriate of — s. Secondar}', Neutral salt — s. 
 Seignette's, Soda, tartrate of — s. Smelling, Ammo- 
 nise carbonas — s. of Soda, Soda, subcarbouate of 
 — s. Sore-throat, Potassse nitras fusus sulphatis 
 paucillo mixtus. 
 
 Salt of Tartar, see Potass^ subcarbonas, 
 and Potash. 
 
 Salt, Tasteless Purging, Soda, phosphate of. 
 Salt op Urine, Ammonias carbonas. 
 Salt, White, Soda., muriate of. 
 Salt of Woodsoot, Ammonise carbonas — s. 
 of Wormwood, see Potash. 
 SALTANS ROSA, Urticaria. 
 SALTATIO, Dancing — s. Sancti Viti, Choiea. 
 SALT'BRTON. A village about four miles to 
 the eastward of Exmouth, England, frequented 
 as a winter abode by invalids. It is in a small, 
 open valley on the seashore; and is well protected 
 from winds, particularly the northerly. 
 SALTISH, Halmyrodes. 
 SALTPETRE, Potasste nitras. 
 SALTUS, Leap, Vulva— s. Tendinum, Subsul- 
 tus tendinum. 
 
 SALTWORT, PRICKLY, Salsola kali. 
 SALUBRIOUS, Salutary. 
 SALUBRIOUSNESS, Salubrity. 
 SALUBRIS, Salutary. 
 
 SALU'BRITY, SaWbritna, Salu'hriousness, 
 (F.) Salubrite, from salus, 'health.' Any thing 
 which contributes to the health of individuals or 
 of communities. Situations differ materially from 
 each other in this respect; and the cause of the 
 difference is often an interesting topic of inquiry. 
 SALUS, Sanitas. 
 SALUTAIRE, Salutary. 
 
 SAL'UTARY, Peries'ticos, Salnta'rie, Salu'- 
 her, Salu'hris, Hygiei'nus. Hygian'ticna, Hygie'- 
 rus, Salu'brius, (F.) Sahitaire, Salubre. Same 
 etymon. Healthy. That which is favourable to 
 health. Some diseases have been considered sa- 
 lutary ; but this is doubtful. 
 
 SALUTIF'EROUS, Salu'tifer ; from salus, 
 sahttis, 'health,' and fci-o, 'I bear.' Bringing 
 health : health-bearing. 
 
 SALVATEL'LA ; same etymon, [?] Venasal- 
 vatel'la, is situate on the back of the hand, near 
 its inner margin. It begins on the posterior sur- 
 face of the fingers and dorsal surface of the hand, 
 by a plexus, formed of a number of radicles, fre- 
 quently anastomosing with each other; it then 
 ascends to the inner part of tlie forearm, where it 
 takes the name — iMsterior cubital. The ancients 
 recommended this vein to be opened in certain 
 diseases, as in melancholic and hypochondriacal 
 affections ; and they attributed to such abstraction 
 of blood considerable efficacy in the cure of dis- 
 ease : hence its name. 
 
 SALVE, BLISTERING, Unguentum lyttre— 
 s. Deshler's, Ceratum resina? compositum — s. Eye, 
 Unguentum osidi zinci impuri — s. Eye, Single- 
 con's, Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi — s. 
 Healing, Cerate of calamine. 
 
 SAL'VIA, (from salveo, 'to be sound.' owing 
 to its reputed healing qualities ;) ^S". officiva'Us 
 seu horten'sis seu vulga'ris seu minor, Elelis'- 
 jt.incns, Snge, Save, (F.) Smige, Petite Snnge, The 
 d' Europe ou de France. Ord. Labiatee'. Sex. 
 Syst. Diandria Monogynia. Sage leaves. Salvia 
 (Ph. U. S.), have a peculiar, aromatic odour, and 
 a warm, aromatic, bitterish taste. Their virtues 
 
 depend upon an essential oil. They are tonic, 
 stimulant, and carminative. In the form of a 
 weak infusion, Sage is occasionally used as a di- 
 luent, and as a wash for sore mouth. Dose, gr. 
 XV to XXX or more. 
 
 Salvia Africa'na, Wild Sage, a South Afri- 
 can species, has the same medical properties as 
 Salvia. 
 
 Salvia Colorata, Salvia. 
 
 Salvia Hormi'num, S. colora'ta, Hormi'num, 
 H.coloru'tnm seu sati'vum, ['F.) Sauge-hormin, of 
 the Pharmacopoeias, is used in similar cases. 
 
 Salvia Hortensis, Salvia. 
 
 Salvia Lyra'ta, Wild Sage, Cancer Weed; 
 indigenous. The fresh leaves, bruised, are used 
 to destroy warts. It has been supposed to be of 
 use in cancer. 
 
 Salvia Minor, Salvia — s. Officinalis, Salvia. 
 
 Salvia Scla'rea, Sclarea, Gallit' rich urn, 
 jEthio'pis, Biser'mas, Coins Jovis, Common Clary, 
 (F.) Sauge sclaree, Grand sauge, Orvale oa Toute- 
 bonve. The leaves have been recommended as 
 corri)borants and anti-spasmodics. 
 
 Salvia Vit^, Asplenium ruta muraria — s. 
 Vulgaris, Salvia, 
 
 SAMADE'RA IN'DICA, Ord. Simarubese, fur- 
 nishes the Niepa bark, which is possessed of 
 antiperiodic 7)roperties. 
 
 SAMBU'CUS, from aafi^vxi, an ancient musi- 
 cal instrument, said to have been made of its 
 wood. Sabu'cus, Sambiicus nigra seu vulga'ris 
 seu arbo'rea, Acie, Infe'lix lignum ; Elder, El- 
 norne, Ellen-tree, Ellarne, (Sc.) Boartree, Bore- 
 tree, Bountree, {Fror.) Bottry tree, Burtrce, Ellet, 
 Elren, Scare, (F.) Sureau eommun. Ord. Capri- 
 foliaceae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia — (the 
 flower and bark were formerly called Cano'pmw). 
 The flowers, berries, and bark of the elder have 
 been used in medicine. The flowers have been 
 reputed diaphoretic and discutient; the berries, 
 aperient and sudorific ; the bark, purgative, and, 
 in small doses, deobstruent. The flowers are 
 sometimes used in fomentations, and to form a 
 cooling ointment. 
 
 Sambuci's Arborea, Sambucus — s. Chamae- 
 acte, S. ebulus. 
 
 Sambucus Eb'ulus, S. Chamwacte seu he'lion 
 seu hu'milis seu herba'cea, Ebulus, Chamaac'te, 
 Od'ncos, Dwarf-elder, Banewort, (F.j Uieble, 
 Yeble. The root, interior bark, leaves, flowers, 
 Sambucus (Ph. U. S.), berries, {Baccm seuGrana 
 Actes,) and seeds, have all been given in mode- 
 rate doses as resolvents and deobstruents ; and in 
 large doses as hydragogues. The berries of »S'a«i- 
 bucus Canaden'sis, the Common Elder of America, 
 are made officinal in the Pharmacopoeia of the 
 1 United States. A distilled water of the flowers, 
 Aqua Sambu'ci, Elder Water, is ofiicinal in the 
 London and Edinburgh Pharmacopoeias. 
 
 Sambucus Helion, Sambucus ebulus — s. Her- 
 bacen, S. ebulus — s. Humilis, S. ebulus — s. Nigra, 
 Sambucus. 
 
 Sambucus Pu'eens, S. pxibes'cens seu race- 
 wo'sa, Red-berried Elder ; indigenous. Thebark, 
 in decoction, is said to be a valuable hydragogue 
 cathartic. 
 
 Sambucus Racemosa, S. pubens — s. Vulgaris, 
 Sambucus. 
 
 SAMI TERRA, Sa'mian Earth. An argilla- 
 ceous earth, found in the island of Samos, tc 
 which were ascribed virtues similar to those of 
 the Terra Lemnii. — Galen, Dioscorides. 
 
 SA'MIUS LAPIS. A stone found in the Isle 
 of Samos, which the ancients believed to be as- 
 tringent and refrigerant. 
 
 SAMPHIRE, Crithmum maritimum. 
 
 SAMPSON, BLACK, Echinacea purpurea. 
 
 SAMPSUCHUS, Thymus mastichina. 
 
 SAMPSUCUS, Origanum majorana. 
 
SAMPSYCHINON 
 
 817 
 
 SANITARIUM 
 
 SAMPSYCH'INOlSr, Sampsu'chmum, An oint- 
 ment composed of aaji\iv)(ov, which was perhaps 
 marjoram. — Dioscorides. 
 SANABILIS, Curable. 
 SANABLE, Curable. 
 
 SANAMUNDA, Geum urbanum. 
 
 SANATIO, Curation, Cure. 
 
 SANATIVE, Curative. 
 
 SANATORIUM, Sanitarium. 
 
 SANATORY, Curative. 
 
 SAN GIULIANO, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 At the foot of the mountain San Giuliano, a 
 league and a half from Pisa, are several mineral 
 springs ; temperature from 84° to 107° Fahr. 
 
 The spring, Pozzetto, contains carbonic acid, 
 sulphates of soda, lime, and magnesia ; chlorides 
 of sodium and magnesium ; carbonates of lime 
 and magnesia; argil and silica. — Santi. 
 
 SAND, see Gravel — s. Brain, see Pineal gland 
 — s. Pineal, see Pineal gland. 
 
 SANDALUM C^RULEUM, Guilandina mo- 
 ringa — s. Rubrum, Pterocarpus santalinus. 
 
 SAN'DARAC, Sandara'cha, Gum Ju'niper or 
 Sandarach, Pounce, Gtimmi Jnnip'eri, Sundara'- 
 ca, Vernix sicca, Resirta Jnnip'eri, (F.) Snnda- 
 raqiie, Gomme de GenSvrier. A name given, by 
 the Arabs, to an odorous resin, that flows from 
 the Thuya aphyl'la. Ord. Coniferae. Sex. Syst. 
 Monoecia Monadelphia. It is stimulant, like all 
 the resins ; but is very little used. 
 
 SANDARACHA GR^CORUM, Realgar. 
 
 SAND-BLIND, nearly blind. A defect of 
 vision, in which small particles seem to fly before 
 the eyes. See Metamorphopsia. 
 
 SANDERS, see Saunders. 
 
 SANDIVER, see Vitrum. 
 
 SANDIX, Plumbi oxydum rubrum. 
 
 SANDYX, Plumbi oxydum rubrum. 
 
 SANG, Blood — s. Arteriel, Arterial blood — s. 
 Dragon, Rumex sanguineus — s. Dragon, see Ca- 
 lamus rotang — s. Globules du, Globules of the 
 blood — s. Perte de, Haemorrhagia. 
 
 SANGAREE'. Wine and water, sweetened 
 and spiced. 
 
 SANG LOT, Sob. 
 
 SANGSUE, Ilirudo. 
 
 SANGUIDUCTUS DUR^ MATRIS, Sinuses 
 of the dura mater. 
 
 SANGUIFICATIO, Hsematosis — s. Debilior, 
 Hyphaematosis. 
 
 SANGUIFLUXUS, Hamorrhagia — s. Uteri- 
 nus. Metrorrhagia. 
 
 SANGUIMOTION, Circulation. 
 
 SANGUIMOTORY, Circulatory. 
 
 SANGUIN, (Vaisxenu,) Blood-vessel. 
 
 SANGUINALIS CORRIGIOLA, Polygonum 
 aviculare. 
 
 SANGUINA'RIA, from sanguis, sanguinis, 
 'blood,' owing to the colour of its juice. S. Cana- 
 den'sis seu acaii'Us, Bloodroof, Bloodwort,Puceoon, 
 Red Puccoon, Red Root, Indian Paint, Tur'meric. 
 Nat. Ord. Papaveracese. Sex. Syst. Polyandria 
 Monogynia. A North American plant, the rhi- 
 zoma, Sangninaria (Ph. U. S.),and seeds of which 
 are used in medicine. They are emetic. Dose of 
 the powder, 8 to 20 grains. They are said to 
 reduce the velocity of the pulse, like digitalis. 
 
 Sang uiN ARIA, Polygonum aviculare. 
 
 SANGUINE, Sanguin'eus, Sanguino'sus, HcB- 
 mat'icus, Scemato'des, Hamate' rus, HcBmnti'nns, 
 JIcBmo'des, Hasmo'i' des, Sangnin'eoiis, Hcemnt'ic, 
 (F.) Sangnin. From sanguis, sanguinis, 'blood.' 
 Bloody, blood-like; having the colour of blood, 
 as 'a sanguine countenance.' Relating to, or 
 containing blood — as 'sanguine temperament.' 
 Plethoric. 
 
 SANGUINEA, Potassae nitras. 
 
 SANGUINENESS, Plethora. 
 
 SANGUINEOUS, Plethoric, Sanguine. 
 52 
 
 SANGUINEUS, Sanguine. 
 SANGUINIS ABSORPTIO, itcemorrhophesis 
 — s. Congestio, Congestion — s. Dissolutio, Haema- 
 teclysis — s. Fluor, ll8emopt3'sis — s. Fluor Vesica;, 
 Cystorrhagia — s. Ictus, Apoplexy — s. Missio, 
 Blood-letting — s. Profluvium copiosum, Hseraor- 
 rhagia — s. Profluvium ex Ore, Stomatorrhagia — 
 s. Stagnatio, Ilsemostasis. 
 
 SANGUIN'OLENT, Sanguinolen'tus, from saw- 
 guis, sanguinis, ' blood.' Tinged with blood. An 
 epithet applied, particularly, to the sputa when 
 so tinged. Bloody. 
 
 SANGUINOSUS. Sanguine. 
 
 SANGUIPUR'GIUM, from sanguis, ' h\ood,' 
 and purgare, ' to cleanse.' Purgation of the 
 blood. A name given by some authors to mild 
 fevers, from an idea that they purged the blood 
 of noxious matters. 
 
 SANGUIS, Blood, Sperm — s. Concretus, Coa- 
 gulum — s. Draconis, see Calamus rotang — s. Hirci 
 sicoatus, see Blood — s. Menstruus, see Menses — 
 s. in Urina, Haematuria — s. Virginia primum 
 menstruatffi, see Menses. 
 
 SANGUISOR'BA CANADEN'SIS, Canada 
 Burnett. From sanguis, ' blood,' and sorbere, ' to 
 absorb.' A tall indigenous plant — Ord. Rosaceae — 
 with white, sometimes purple,flowers,which appear 
 from August to October. It has the same virtues as 
 
 Sanguisor'ba Officina'lis, aS'. car'nea seu 
 rubra, Ital'ian Pint'pinel, Pimpinel'la Ital'ica 
 seu officina'lis, (F.) Piniprenelle noire. It was 
 formerly used as an astringent and tonic, in 
 hemorrhages, dysentery, &c. 
 
 SANGUISUGA, Hirudo. 
 
 SANGUISU'GUM, from sanguis, 'blood,' and 
 sugere, ' to suck.' A barbarous term, to denote 
 too great an accumulation of blood in the heart. — 
 Bonetus. 
 
 SANICLE, Sanicula, S. Marilandica — s. Ame- 
 rican, Heuchera cortusa — s. de Mariland, Sanicula 
 Marilandica — s. Yorkshire, Pinguicola vulgaris. 
 
 SANICULA, (from sano, 'I heal,') Saxifraga 
 granulata. 
 
 Sanic'ula, S. EuropcB'a seu officina'rum seu 
 mas, Astran'tia diapen'sia, Cauca'lis Sanic'ula, 
 Cucullu'ta, Dodeca'theon, Sym'phytuni petra'um, 
 Diapen'sia, D. cortu'sa, San'icle, Wood Marcli, 
 (F.) Toute-saine. Ord. Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. 
 PentandriaDigynia. This herb was formerly used 
 as a mild astringent. It is bitterish, and some- 
 what austere. 
 
 Sanicula Eboracensis, Pinguicola vulgaris — s. 
 Europaea, Sanicula. 
 
 Sanic'dla Marilan'dtca, San'icle, Ila'ryland 
 Sanicle, Black Snakeroot, (F.) Sanicle de 3fari- 
 land. This indigenous plant grows in marshes, 
 or low and shaded ground. It is possessed of 
 tonic virtues ; and the powdered root is employed 
 in popular practice as a favourite remedy in in- 
 termittent fever. It has been recommended, 
 also, in chorea. 
 
 Sanicula Montana, Pinguicola vulgaris — s. 
 OfEcinarum, Sanicula. 
 
 SANIDO'DES, Sanio'des, 'resembling a board,' 
 from (Toi'ij, gen. aavtSo^, ' a board,' and etfioi, 're- 
 semblance.' One whose thorax is narrow, and, 
 as it were, contracted. 
 
 SANIE, Sanies. 
 
 SA'NIES, Ichor, Tahum, Virus, Pus mal'^'- 
 mun seu corrosi'vum, (F.) Sanie, corrupted from 
 sanguis, 'blood.' A thin, serous fluid, presenting 
 some of the qualities of pus and blood, and com- 
 monly exhaled at the surface of ulcers. 
 
 SANIEUX, Ichorous. 
 
 SANIODES, Sanidodes. 
 
 SANIOSUS, Ichorous. 
 
 SANIOUS, Ichorous. 
 
 SANITA'RIUM, Sanato'rium. Same etymon. 
 as the next. A retreat selected for valetudina- 
 
SANITARY 
 
 818 
 
 SAPO 
 
 rians, in consequence of its salubrity. Also, an 
 establisbtnent for the treatment of the sick. 
 
 SAN'ITARY, San'atory, from sanltas, 'health,' 
 (F.) Sanitmre. That which relates to health, 
 and especially to public health ; as etablissement 
 saniiaire, police eniiitaire. 
 
 SAN'ITAS,from sanus, 'healthy,' Hi/ gie' a, Hy- 
 ge'a, Hygian'sis, Hygi'asis, Integ'ritas, Prosper'- 
 itas Valetii'diins, Saliis, Hygiei'a, Valetu'do, Vali- 
 tu'do, Valetu'do bona seu secun'da seu com'moda, 
 HygcVa,Enzoodyna'mia,Health, (Sc.) Heil, Beyle, 
 Heal, (F.) Sanie, from sanus, ' sound.' Health 
 has been defined.— a state, in which all the func- 
 tions are exerted with regularity and harmony. 
 A person may, however, be in health, although 
 certain functions are not performed. A blind 
 man, for example, has health when all his func- 
 tions, except sight, proceed with regularity. 
 Sanity is often used for soundness of mind. 
 Sanitap, Cure. 
 SANITY, Sanitas. 
 SANKIRA, Smilax China. 
 SANS PAIRE, {Veine,) Azygos vein. 
 SANTA CRUZ, (CLIMATE OF.) This West 
 India island is frequently selected as a winter re- 
 treat for the phthisical valetudinarian from the 
 United States; but it does not seem entitled to 
 any preference, in such cases, over the other 
 islands of the West Indies, whilst its general 
 Balubrity is said to be less than that of many. 
 
 SANTAL BLANC, Santalum a\hn\a.—g.Rouge, 
 Pterocarpus santalinus. 
 
 SANTALUM, see Pterocarpus santalinus. 
 San'talum ALBUjr, S. cit'rinum seu pal'lidnm 
 seu myrti/o'lium, Sir'ium myrtifo'lium, Yelloio 
 Saunders, (F.) Santal blanc. Ord. Santalaceae. 
 Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. The virtues 
 of the wood of the white saunders reside in a 
 volatile oil and resinous principle. The odour is 
 fragrant, and resembles a mixture of ambergris 
 and roses. It has been used as a stimulant and 
 sudorific, but it is not now employed. The saun- 
 ders woods are called, collectively, in French, 
 Snntaux. 
 
 Santalum MrRTiroLiUM, S. album — s. Ru- 
 brum, Pterocarpus santalinus. 
 SANTE, Sanitas. 
 
 SANTONICUM, Artemisia santonicum. 
 SAN'TONINE, San'tonin, Cinin. A peculiar 
 crystalline substance obtained from Artemisia 
 Santonica. It possesses the anthelmintic pro- 
 perties of the plant. Dose, five or six grains. 
 
 SANTORI'NI, FISSURES OF, (F.) Incisures 
 ou Scissures de Santorini. Clefts at the upper 
 and back part of the fibro-cartilaginous portion 
 of the external ear. 
 
 Santorini, Tu'bercles op. Small cartilagi- 
 nous projections at the top of the arytenoid car- 
 tilages, which support the ligaments of the glottis. 
 See Corniculum Laryngis. 
 SANVE, Sinapis. 
 
 SAO'RiA, Saunrja. The ripe and dried fruit 
 of Maesa seu Bacob'otrys picta, an Abyssinian 
 tree, which is administered in its native country, 
 in powder, in doses of from .32 to 44 grammes, as 
 a taeniafuge. 
 
 SAP, Sax. raepe, (G.) Saft, Ar'borum Succus 
 seu Lymphn, (F.) Seve. The circulating fluid of 
 the vegetable, which corresponds to the blood of 
 the animal. 
 
 SAPA, see Rob. 
 
 SAPHA'DA. Paracelsus has given this name 
 to reddish scales adherent to the hair in some 
 eruptions of the hairy scalp, 
 SAPH^NA, Saphena. 
 
 SAPHE'NA, SaphcB'na, from (ra<prj?, 'manifest.' 
 'evident.' (F.) Snphene. A name given to two 
 Bubcutaneous veins of the lower limb. These 
 
 are: 1. The Great Saphena Vein, S. i'-.terna, 
 Tibio-malle'olar (Ch.), (F.) Grande Veine Sa- 
 pliene ou Snphene interne. Its radicles occupy 
 the inner part of the great toe, and form a trans- 
 verse arch on the back of the foot, which unites 
 with the saphena externa, and receives at it^ 
 convex part, which is turned forwards, a number 
 of branches coming from the toes. These radi- 
 cles, when united, ascend before the inner ankle, 
 and form a trunk, the size of which is farther 
 increased by several branches that proceed from 
 the region of the tarsus, and that of the meta- 
 tarsus. This trunk ascends vertically at the 
 inner part of the leg; passes behind the inner 
 condyle of the femur; proceeds along the inner 
 part of the thigh ; receives other subcutaneous 
 veins, such as the abdominal subcutaneous, the 
 external pudie, &c., and passes through the in- 
 ferior opening of the crural canal to empty itself 
 into the femoral vein. 2. The Lesser Vena 
 Saphena or Saphena externa, Perone'o-mal- 
 le'olar Vein of Chaussier, (F.) Petite Veine Sn- 
 phene ou Saphene externe, commences by seve- 
 ral roots, which are spread over the dorsum and 
 outer side of the foot, and embrace the outer 
 ankle. Behind this, they unite into a single 
 trunk, which ascends obliquely, approaching the 
 tendo Achillis, and proceeds vertically towards 
 the ham to open into the popliteal vein. 
 
 SAPHENE, Saphena. 
 
 SAPHE'NOUS, Sapheno'svs; from Saphena. 
 Of or belonging to the saphena. 
 
 Saphenous Nerves are two in number, and 
 are branches of the crural or femoral nerve. 
 They are the short saphenotis — nervus cutanena 
 internus ; and the long saphenous — nervus cuta- 
 neiis internus longus. 
 
 The external saphenous, formed by the union 
 of the communicans poplitei and communicans 
 peronei, passes down the leg by the side of the 
 external saphenous vein of the foot, 
 
 SAPID, Sa'porous, Sap'idus, (F.) Savoureux, 
 from sapere, 'to taste.' Possessed of sapidity 
 Having the power of affecting the organs of 
 taste. 
 
 SAPID'ITT, Sap'idness, Saporos'ity, Sapor, 
 (F.) Sapidite. The quality of bodies that gives 
 them taste. 
 
 SAPTN COMMUN, Pinus pieea. 
 
 SAPIN'DUS, (sapo, and Indus, 'Indian soap,') 
 S. Sapona'ria, Sapona'ria, Soap Tree, (F.) Sa- 
 vonnier eommun. Ord. Sapindaceae. The name 
 of the plant that afi'ords the Soap Nuts, Sapona'- 
 ria Nu'culm, Bac'cas Bermuden'ses, Soap-berries. 
 A spherical fruit about the size of a cherry, the 
 cortical part of which is yellow, glossy, and so 
 transparent as to show the spherical black nut 
 that rattles within, and includes a white kernel. 
 The cortical part of this fruit, which has similar 
 efiects with soap in washing, has been recom- 
 mended in chlorosis, and as a stomachic and 
 deobstruent. 
 
 SAPO, Soap, Sax. rape. Smegma, (F.) Savon. 
 A product obtained by treating fatty bodies wit? 
 caustic alkalies dissolved in water. In the Phar- 
 macopoeia of the United States, it means Soap 
 made with soda and olive oil. See Sapo medi- 
 cinalis. 
 
 Yellow Soap is formed of turpentine, oil, and 
 alkali. 
 
 Castile Soap, being made of fine olive oil, is 
 generally used internallj% The yellow and soft 
 soaps are the most stimulating; and are, conse- 
 quently, best adapted for particular cutaneous 
 eruptions. 
 
 Internally, soap is purgative and diuretic; ex- 
 ternally, it is detergent and stimulant. Soapy 
 water is used with the greatest success, in cases 
 
SAPONACEOUS 
 
 819 
 
 SARCOCOLLA 
 
 of poisoning by acids. It is mostly applied ex- 
 ternally to bruises and sprains. In Pharmacy, 
 it is used to favour the solution of resins. 
 
 Sapo Ac"idus, Acid Soaj), is a combination of 
 a fixed oil with an acid. 
 
 Sapo AjrwoNiACALis, Linimentum ammoniae 
 fortius — s. Ammoniaj oleaceus, Linimentum am- 
 moniae fortius — s. Am3'gdalinus, Sapo medicina- 
 lis — s. Caeaotinus, Sapo coconeus — s. Calcarius, 
 Linimentum aqu» calcis — s. Castiliensis, see 
 Sapo medieinalis. 
 
 Sapo Coco'neus, Sf<po cacaoti'tute, Soap of 
 Cocna-Nut Oil, (F.) Savon de cacoa, has been 
 much used in Germany in herpetic afiFections. 
 
 Sapo Durus, S. medieinalis — s. Hispanicus, 
 see S. medieinalis. 
 
 Sapo Kalicus, S. Mollis. 
 
 Sapo Liq'itidus, Liquid Soap, Lotio sapoiia'- 
 cea, is a cosmetic which is composed of olive oil 
 ^iv, ol. tartari pev deliqmum ^ss. Rub together, 
 and add aquas rosarum ^xij. 
 
 Sapo Medicina'lis, Sapo amygdali'nuf, Me- 
 dic" inal Soap, (F.) Savon medicinal, is made with 
 oil of sweet almonds and half its weight of caus- 
 tic alkali, or, like the Sapo Hispan'icus seu Cas- 
 filien'>iis, Spanish or Castile soap, Sapo durus, 
 Saj)o (Ph. U. S.), (F.) Savon dur, of olive oil and 
 soda. 
 
 Sapo Mollis, S. vir'idis seu ni'ger seu ka'li- 
 cus. Common or Soft Soap, (F.) Savon mote ou 
 7iOfV, is made of potass and oil or tallow. The 
 Sapo vulgaris or 'common soap' of the Pharm. 
 TJ. S. is made with soda and animal oil. 
 
 Sapo Niger, Black Soap, Melanosmeg'ma, is a 
 con»position of train oil and an alkali : and Green 
 Soap, Sapo vir'idis, of hempseed, linseed, or rape 
 oil, with an alkali. See Sapo mollis. 
 
 Sapo Vegetabilis, Pulvis gummosus alkali- 
 nus — r. Viridis, Sapo mollis — r. Vulgaris, see 
 Sapo mollis. 
 
 SAPONA'CEOUS, Sapona'ceu>i, (F.) Saponace, 
 from sa2w, saponis, 'soap.' Soapy. Containing 
 soap, as Linimentum saponaceum, Soap liniment. 
 
 SAP ON AIRE, Saponaria, 
 
 SAPONA'RIA, from Sapo, 'soap,' the juice 
 forming a lather with water. Soap-ioort, Bruise- 
 wort, Bouncing Bet, Stru'thium, Lana'ria, Lych- 
 nis officinalis seu sylves'trts, Ibix' uma, Boot'ia vul- 
 ga'ris, (F.) Saponaire, Savonnihe. Ord. Caryo- 
 phyllaceas. Sex. Syst. Decandria Digynia. A 
 decoction of the leaves of this plant has been 
 recommended in scrofula, cancer, old syphilis, 
 cutaneous eruptions, jaundice, visceral obstruc- 
 tions, &c. It is hardly ever used. 
 
 Saponaria, Sapindus saponaria, 
 
 SAPONARIA NUCULE, see Sapindus sapo- 
 naria. 
 
 SAPONE. Soap, to which are added sub- 
 stances capable of communicating to it new pro- 
 perties, without affecting its own. — Beral. 
 
 SAPO'NEA. A pectoral medicine, prepared 
 with sweetened syrup of violets, and oil of sweet 
 almonds. 
 
 SAPON'ULES, Sapon'uU, (F.) Savomdes. 
 Same etymon. Combinations of volatile or es- 
 sential oils with different bases. 
 
 Acid Saponules are combinations of such oils 
 with different acids. 
 
 SAPONULJS. a tincture {alcooU), sufficiently 
 charged with soap to cause it to assume a gelati- 
 nous shape. — Beral. 
 
 SAPONURE. A medicine, formed of soap, 
 in powder, and of resinous or extractive matters. 
 
 SAPOR, Sapidity, Savour. 
 
 SAPOROSITY, Sapidity. 
 
 SA POROUS, Sapid. 
 
 SAPO'TA, S. Alchrae, Achras Sapota seu aus- 
 tra'lis seu Zapota, El nispero, Oval-fruited Sa- 
 pota, (F.) Sapotier, Sapotillier, SapotiUa. Fam. 
 
 Sapotaoe». Sex. Syst. ilexandria Digynia. A 
 tree which grows in the Antilles, and particularly 
 at St. Domingo. Its fruit is much esteemed. It 
 resembles the marmalade of quinces; and hence 
 has been called natural marmalade. The seeds 
 make an emulsion, which has been given in 
 nephritic affections. The bark has been recom- 
 mended as a febrifuge. 
 
 Sapota Alchras, Sapota. 
 
 SAPOTIER, Sapota. 
 
 SAPOTILLA, Sapota. 
 
 SAPOTILLIER, Sapota. 
 
 SAPROPYRA, Typhus gravior. 
 
 SAPKOS, Putrid, Rancid. 
 
 SAPROS'TOMUS, from craT/joj, 'foul, of a bad 
 odour,' and cTona, 'mouth.' One who has an 
 offensive breath. 
 
 SAPROTES, Putrefaction. 
 
 SAR'APUS, Sarajjous, One who has a large 
 foot; whose toes are largely separated, or whose 
 feet are much asunder in walking; from aatp(a, 
 '1 grin,' and vovs, 'the foot.' See Kyllosis. 
 
 SARATO'GA, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 Saratoga springs in New York are ten miles 
 north-east from Ballston. They contain the 
 same ingredients as those of the latter place; 
 and are much frequented hy visitors from every 
 part of the United States. The following analy- 
 sis has been given of the Congress sjjring. In a 
 wine gallon — gaseous contents: carbonic acid, 
 311 cubic inches; atmospheric air. 7. Solid con- 
 tents: chloride of sodium, gr. 385; iodide of 
 sodium, gr. 3.5 ; bicarbonate of soda, gr. 8.982 ; 
 bicarbonate of magnesia, gr. 95.788 ; carbonate of 
 lime, gr. 98.098 ; carbonate of iron, gr. 6.075 ; 
 silica, gr. 1.5 ; bromide of potassium, a trace. 
 Total, gr. 597.943. — Steel. 
 
 The \Valt07> or Iodine spring contains chloride 
 of sodium, carbonate of magnesia, and iodide of 
 sodium. 
 
 SARCEPIPLOCELE, Sarcocpiploeele. 
 
 SARCEPIPLO MPHALOCELE, Sarcoepi- 
 ploraphalocele. 
 
 SARCEPIPLOMPHALUS, Sarcoepiplompha- 
 lus. 
 
 SARCIDIUM, Caruncle. 
 
 SARCINA, Foetus. 
 
 Sar'cina Ventric'uli, S. Goodsir'ii, L. Sar- 
 cina, 'a pack, a woolpack ;' Merismopoe'dia ven- 
 trieuli (Robin). A microscopic crj'ptogamous 
 plant found in the fluid of waterbrash. 
 
 SARCION, Caruncle. 
 
 SARCITES, Anasarca — s. Flatuosus, Em- 
 physema. 
 
 SARCITIS, Myositis. 
 
 SARCOCE'LE, Hernia carno'sa, Scirrhus Tes- 
 tic'idi, from capf, aa^Kog, 'flesh,' and fJjAi?, 'a 
 tumour;' Sarco'ma scroti, (F.) Hemic eharnue. 
 Scirrhus or cancer of the testicle. This disease 
 affects adults particularly; and appears most 
 commonly after an inflammatory swelling of the 
 testicle. Sometimes it is dependent upon a blow; 
 at others, it makes its appearance without any 
 appreciable cause. It is well known by a hard, 
 heavy, ovoid or spherical swelling of the testicle, 
 which is, at first, slightly, or not at all painful, 
 and merely causes an unpleasant traction on the 
 spermatic eord. There is no heat or change of 
 colour of the skin ; the spermatic cord is swollen, 
 and participates in the affection ; very painful 
 shootings occur; the lymphatic glands of the 
 abdomen become swollen, and form a tumour, 
 which may, at times, be felt through the abdo- 
 men ; and the patient, at length, dies with every 
 sign of the cancerous diathesis. The prognosis 
 is very unfavourable. The only means, indeed, 
 that can save life, is the extirpation of the tes- 
 ticle, 
 
 SARCOCOL'LA, (F.) Colle-chair, from cap^, 
 
SARCODES 
 
 820 
 
 SATELLITE 
 
 'flesV and koXXo, 'glue.' A resinous matter, ob- | 
 tained from Pence'a Sarcocol'la, P. mncrona'fa, i 
 and other species of Penaea; an African shrub, 
 ■which has been so called from a belief that it 
 facilitates the consolidation of flesh. It is in the 
 form of small, oblong, semi transparent globules, 
 of a yellowish or reddish hue, and smells like 
 aniseed. It was once employed as an astringent 
 and detergent. 
 
 SARCODES, Carneous. 
 
 SARCOEPIPLOCE'LE, Sarcepijyloce'le, from 
 (Tipf, crapKog, 'flesh,' cmn'Xoov, 'the epiploon,' and 
 KTi'Sn, 'a tumour.' Epiplocele, complicated with 
 sarcoma or sarcocele. 
 
 SARCOEPIPLOM'PHALUS, Sarcepiplom'- 
 phalus, SarcepiplomphaJoee'le, from aap^, aapKOi, 
 'flesh,' £77irXoor, 'the epiploon,' and ojupaXoi, 'the 
 navel.' Umbilical hernia, formed by scirrhous 
 epiploon or complicated with sarcoma. 
 SARCOHYDROCELE, Hydro-sarcocele. 
 SARCOLEM'MA, Sarcole'ma, from cap^, aapKog, 
 'flesh,' and >£/i^a, 'a coat.' The sheath which 
 surrounds the fibrils of muscle that form a fibre. 
 It is quite distinct from the areolar membrane 
 that binds the fibres into fasciculi. — Bowman. 
 See Pervmisium. 
 
 SARCOLOGIA, Myology, Sarcology. 
 SARCOL'OGY, Safcolr,r/"ia, from <7apf, (rnpKo;, 
 ' flesh,' and Xoyo;, 'a discourse.' The part of ana- 
 tomy which treats of the soft parts. It comprises 
 myology, angiology, neurology, and splanch- 
 nology 
 
 SARCO'MA, Emphy'ma Sarcoma, Sareom'a- 
 touK tumour, Sarco'sin, Porrus, Sarcophy' la, Ecsar- 
 co'ma, Exsarco'ma, Tumor car'iiens, Excresccn'tla 
 carno'sa, Pol'ypus carno'sus, from cap^, aapKOs, 
 ' flesh.' Any species of excrescence having a 
 fleshy consistence. 
 
 Sarcoma, Carcinomatous, Scirrhus — s. Cer- 
 cosis, see Cercosis — s. Epulis, Epulis — s. Gela- 
 tinous, see Tumour, fibro-cellular — s. Mastoid, 
 Mammary sarcoma — s. Medullare, see Encepha- 
 loid — s. Medullary, Encophaloid, Haematodes 
 fungus — s. Pulpy, Haematodes fungus — s. Scroti, 
 Sarcocele. 
 
 Sarcoma, Common Vas'cular or Or'ganized 
 of Abernethy, Emphy'ma Sarcoma VascuJo'snm, 
 is vascular throughout: texture simple; when 
 bulky, napped on the surface with arborescent 
 veins. Found over the body and limbs generally. 
 SARCOMA TEUX, Sarcomatous. 
 SARCOMATODES, Sarcomatous. 
 SARCOMATOSUS, Sarcomatous. 
 SARCOM'ATOUS, Sarcomata' su'i, Sarcnma- 
 t.o'den, CE.) Sarcomateux. Belonging to, or having 
 the characters of sarcoma. 
 
 SARCOMPHALUM, Sarcomphalus. 
 SARCOM'PHALUS, Sarcom' phalum, from 
 aap^, (xapKog, 'flesh,' and ofiifioKoq, 'the navel.' 
 A scirrhous or fleshy tumour, developed at the 
 navel. 
 
 SARCOMYCES. Sarcospongus. 
 SARCOPHAGUS, Carnivorous, Catheretic. 
 SARCOPHYIA, Excresence, Sarcoma. 
 SARCOPSYLLA PENETRANS, Chiqne. 
 SARCOPTE, Acarus. 
 SARCOPTES, SCABIEI, see Psora. 
 SARCOPYO'DES, from aap^, caoKo;, 'flesh,' 
 TT'jov, 'pus,' and £!<5o;, 'resemblance.' Having 
 the appearance of pus mixed with flesh. An epi- 
 thet given to certain excreted matters, and par- 
 ticularly to the sputa of those labouring under 
 consumption. 
 
 SARCO'SIS, from (rapf, (rapKo;, 'flesh.' The 
 formation of flesh. Also, sarcoma. 
 
 Sarco'sis Bclbi, E.rophthal'mia funi^o'sn seu 
 irireomat'ica. A fleshy growth from the globe of 
 the eye. 
 
 Saroosis Uteri, Metrauxe. 
 
 SARCOSPONG'US, Sarcomy'ces, from aagl. 
 capKog, ' flesh,' and ajroyyos, ' fungus.' A fleshy 
 fungus. 
 
 SARCOSTOSIS, Osteo-sarcoma. 
 
 SARCOTIC, Incarnans. 
 
 SARCOUS, from aap^, crapKos, 'flesh.' Of. or 
 belonging to, flesh or muscle — as ' sarcous tis- 
 sue.' 
 
 Sarcous 'Ei^'etseihts, Prim'itive par'ticle*. The 
 elementary particles, which, by their union, form 
 the mass of muscular fibre. — Bowman. 
 
 SARDIASIS, Canine laugh, Risus sardonicus. 
 
 SARDONIA HERBA, Ranunculus sceleratus. 
 
 SARDONIASIS, Canine laugh, Risus sardo- 
 nicus. 
 
 SARDONIUS RISUS, Canine laugh. 
 
 SARE, Essera. 
 
 SARRACE'NIA, Side-saddle plant, Flytrap. 
 The root of Sarracenia flava and S. variola'ria 
 is bitter and astringent, and has been used in 
 South Carolina, as a domestic remedy in dys- 
 pepsia. 
 
 SARRASIN, Polygonum fagopyrum. 
 
 SARRETE, Trismus infantum. 
 
 SARRIETTE, Satureia hortensis— s. de Crete, 
 Satureia capitata. 
 
 SARSA, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 SARSAPARILLA, (S.) Zarza, 'a briar,' and 
 parilla, ' a little vine.' Menispermum Canadense, 
 Smilax S. 
 
 Sarsaparilla, False, Aralia nudicaulis. 
 
 SarSAPARIl'la German'ica, Gramen major 
 seu rubntm, Salsapan'l'la Germanica, Carex Are- 
 iia'ria, (F.) Laiche, L. des Sables, Salsepareille 
 d'Allemagne, Chiendent rouge. Ord. Cyperaceae. 
 Sex. Syst. Monoecia Triandria. A plant, which 
 grows plentifully on the sea-coasts of Europe. It 
 has been recommended in some mucous affections 
 of the trachea, in rheumatism, gout, .&c. 
 
 Sarsaparilla, Indian, Hemidesmus Indicus 
 — s. AVild, Aralia nudicaulis. 
 
 SARTAPARILLA, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 SARTO'RIUS, from sartor, 'a tailor,' because 
 used in crossing the legs. Suto'rius, Louqis'si- 
 mus Eem'oris, Fascia'lis, F. Longus seu suto'rius, 
 (F.) Ilio-cresti-tihial, Tlio-pretihial (Ch.), Coutu- 
 rier. A muscle situate at the anterior part of 
 the thigh. It is long, small, and flattened, and 
 extends, obliquely, from the anterior and superior 
 spine of the ilium to the superior and inner part 
 of the tibia. This muscle can, also, bend the pel- 
 vis on the thigh, and conversely. 
 
 SARX, Flesh, Pulp. 
 
 SARZA, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 SASSA GUM. A gum, occasionally carried 
 into the European markets from the East, and 
 answering exactly to Bruce's description of the 
 product of a tree, which he calls Sassa. It has 
 considerable resemblance to Gum Tragacanth. 
 
 SASSAFRAS, Laurus sassafras, Nectandra 
 cymbarum — -s. Medulla, see Laurus sassafras — s. 
 Nut, see Pichurim beans — s. Radicis cortex, see 
 Laurus sassafras. 
 
 Sassafras, Swamp, Magnolia glauca. 
 
 Sassafras Tea, Saloop. 
 
 SASSY BARK, A poisonous bark of a large 
 tree — Genus, Erythrophleum, E. Judicin'le ; Nat. 
 Ord. Fabacefe; Red water tree of Sierra Leone — 
 growing in Western and Central Africa, used in 
 an ordeal to which persons, suspected of witch- 
 craft, secret murder, and other crimes, are sub- 
 jected, to test their innocence or guilt. Hence it 
 is called, in Congo, ordeal bark, and in Ashantee 
 and Liberia, doom bark. 
 
 SAT'ELLITE, Satelles, genitive Satellitis. 
 That which guards. That which is placed near. 
 
 Satellite Veins are those that accompany 
 arteries. 
 
SATHE 
 
 821 
 
 SAXONICUS PULVIS 
 
 SATHE, Penis. 
 
 SATIES, Satiety. 
 
 SATIETAS, Plesmone, Satiety. 
 
 SATI'ETY, Sati'etaa, Satu'n'tae, Sa'ties, Sa- 
 tura'tio, Plethos, Plesmone, from satiare (itself 
 from scitie, 'enough'), 'to give enough.' Disgust 
 for food ; commonly produced by repletion. 
 
 SATIN, Lunaria rediviva. 
 
 SATURANS, Absorbent (medicine.) 
 
 SATURATIO, Satiety, Saturation. 
 
 SATURA'TION, Satura'tio, from saturare, 
 safiiratitm, {satis, 'enough'), 'to satiate.' The 
 state of a compound in which its elements are 
 combined in such proportions that a fresh quan- 
 tity of either cannot be added without producing 
 excess. 
 
 SATUREI'A CAPITA'TA, from Sarupot, .' the 
 Satyrs;' owing to its presumed power of exciting 
 to venery. Cil'iated Sa'vory, Thymus, T. sylves'- 
 tris seu capita'tus seu Gret'icas, Citni'la, (F.) iS'«r- 
 riette de Crete. Ord. LabiatiB. Sex. Syst. Didy- 
 namia Gymnospermia. Possesses similar pro- 
 perties to thyme. 
 
 Saturei'a Horten'sis, Satureia, S. sati'va, 
 Cuni'la sativa Pliii'U, Thymbra, Summer Sa'- 
 vory, (F.) Sarriette. An aromatic plant, culti- 
 vated for culinary purposes. It has been used, 
 as an excitant, in anorexia, anaphrodisia, &o. 
 
 SATDREtA Origanoides, Cunila mariana — s. 
 Sativa, S. hortensis. 
 
 SATURITAS, Satiety. 
 
 SATURNI DULCEDO, Plumbi superacetas. 
 
 SAT'URNINE, Sutnrni'uus, from aaturnus, 
 'lead.' Containing, or caused by, lead. 
 
 Sat'drnine Breath. The peculiar odour of 
 the breath in one labouring under Saturnismus. 
 
 SATURNISM'DS, Intoxica'tio seu Cachex'ia 
 seu Dyscrasia saturni'na, Ilolybdocachex'ia, from 
 satnrnus, 'lead.' Poisoning by lead; lead-poi- 
 soning; saturnine cachexy. 
 
 SATURNUS, Plumbum. 
 
 SATYRI'ASIS, from Yarvpo?, 'a Satyr;' be- 
 cause the Satyrs were greatly addicted to venery. 
 S. furens, Satyrias'mus, Satyris'mns, Priapis'- 
 nius, Salac"itae, Brachu'na, Aras'con, Lagne'sis 
 Salac"itas, L. furor mascidi'iius, Lagne'a, Lag- 
 ni'a, Lagno'sis, Lasciv'ia, Lasciv'itas, Tenti'go 
 vere'tri. An irresistible desire, in man, to have 
 frequent connexion with females, accompanied 
 by the power of doing so without exhaustion. 
 The causes are commonly obscure. Sometimes, 
 the abuse of aphrodisiacs has occasioned it. The 
 principal symptoms are : — almost constant erec- 
 tion ; irresistible and almost insatiable desire for 
 venery; frequent nocturnal pollutions. Cold 
 lotions; the cold bath; a mild diet; active exer- 
 cise, &e., are the only means that can be adopted 
 for its removal. 
 
 Satyrtasis Furens, Satyriasis. 
 
 SATYRIASMUS, Satyriasis. 
 
 SATYRION, Orchis mascula. 
 
 SATYRISMUS, Satyriasis. 
 
 SATYRIUM, Goodyera pubescens. 
 
 SAUARJA, Saoria. 
 
 SAUCE-ALONE, Alliaria. 
 
 SAUCE, GREEN, Rumex scutatus. 
 
 SAUCH. Salix. 
 
 SAUER KRAUT, (G.), 'sour cabbage,' (F.) 
 Choit-croufe. A culinary preparation, made with 
 chopped cabbage, left to attain an incipient state 
 of acetous fermentation. It is reputed by the 
 Germans to he salubrious, easy of digestion, and 
 eminently antiscorbutic. 
 
 SAUGE, Salvia — s. des Bois, Teucriura scor- 
 dium — «. Grande, Salvia sclarea — s. Hormin, 
 Salvia borminum — s. de Jerusalem, Pulmonaria 
 — «. Petite. Salvia — «. Sclarie, Salvia sclarea. 
 
 SAUGH,' Salix. 
 
 SAULE, Salix. 
 
 SAUMURE. Muria. 
 
 SAUNDERS, RED, Pterocarpus santalinus — 
 s. Tree, Pterocarpus santalinus — s. Yellow, San- 
 talum album. 
 
 SAURA, Lizard. 
 
 SAURU'RUS CER'NUUS, from uavpo^, 'a 
 lizard,' and ovpa, ' a tail.' Lizard's Tail, Breast 
 weed. Indigenous; Orc/er, Saururacese ; flower- 
 ing in June. It has been used in lumbago. The 
 bruised root is emollient, and is a popular ap- 
 plication to inflamed breasts. 
 
 SAUSAGE POISON, Allantotoxicum. 
 
 SAUT, Leap. 
 
 SAUTE USES, see Convulsionnaire. 
 
 SA UVE- VIE, Asplenium ruta muraria. 
 
 SAVE, Sage. 
 
 SA VEUR, Savour. 
 
 SAVINE, Juniperus sabina. 
 
 SA VINIER, Juniperus sabina. 
 
 SAVON, Sapo — s. Ammoniacal, Linimentum 
 aramonise fortius — s. Cacao, Sapo coconeus — s. 
 Calcaire, Linimentum aquae calcis — s. Bur, Sapo 
 durus — e. Medicinal, Sapo medicinalis — s. Mott, 
 Sapo mollis — s. Noir, Sapo mollis. 
 
 SAVONNIER COMMUN, Sapindus sapo- 
 naria. 
 
 SA VONNTERE, Saponaria. 
 
 SAVONULE, Saponulus. 
 
 SAVONULUS, Saponulus. 
 
 SAVORY, CILIATED, Satureia capitata— s. 
 Summer, Satureia hortensis. 
 
 SA'VOUR, Sapor, Taste, (F.) Saveur. Quality 
 of bodies, by which they act upon the sense of 
 taste. Chymists, at times, avail themselves of 
 this quality to analj'se an unknown substance. 
 
 SAVOUREUX, Savoury. 
 
 SA'VOURY, Sap'idus, (F.) Savoureux. An 
 epithet given to bodies that have taste; and 
 particularly to those that excite a very agreeable 
 impression on the organ of taste. 
 
 SAVOYAN, Galium verum. 
 
 SAW, Prion, Serra, (Da.) Sawe, (Sax.) r*5&> 
 (F.) Scie. A surgical instrument, made like a 
 common saw ; and used for sawing the bones in 
 amputations, or for removing exostoses, &c. Saws 
 of difiFerent sizes and shapes are used in surgery. 
 The crown of the trepan is nothing more than a 
 species of circular saw. 
 
 Saw, Amputa'tion, Serra amputato' ria. The 
 saw used in amputation. 
 
 Saw, Hey's. An instrument used by Mr. Hey, 
 of Leeds, in fractures of the cranium. It consists 
 of a long handle, to which a small saw with a 
 convex or straight edge is attached, and by which 
 a piece of bone of any shape may be removed. 
 With the trephine, the saw must always be cir- 
 cular. 
 
 SAW PALMETTO, Chamserops serratula — s. 
 Wort, Liatris. 
 
 SAXIF'RAGA, from saxvm, 'a stone,' and 
 frango, ' I break.' Pimpinella saxifraga — s. An- 
 glica, Peucedanum silaus. 
 
 Saxip'raga Crassipo'lia. Ord. Saxifragaceae. 
 Sex. Syst. Decandria Digynia. The root of this 
 species of saxifrage has been extolled by Pallas, 
 as pre-eminently antiseptic. 
 
 Saxifraga Granula'ta, S. alba, Sanic'ula, 
 Sedum, White sax'i/rage, CF.) Saxifrage granulee. 
 Recommended as diurectic and lithontriptic ; but 
 not used. 
 
 Saxifraga Rubra, Spiraea filipendula — s. 
 Vulgaris, Peucedanum silaus. 
 
 SAXIFRAGE, BURNET, Pimpinella saxifraga 
 — 8. Granulee, Saxifraga granulata — s. Meadow, 
 Peucedanum silaus — s. White, Saxifraga gra- 
 nulata. 
 
 SAXIFRAGUS, Lithontriptic. 
 
 SAXON'ICUS PULVIS. A powder, prepared 
 with the roots of the wild and cultivated ange- 
 
SCAB 
 
 822 SCAMNUM HIPPOCRATICUM 
 
 It was ! 
 
 lica; the asclepias vincetoxicuin, «S;c 
 considered formerly as an antidote. 
 
 SCAB, Sca'bies, from scahere, ' to dig.' Scall, 
 (Prov.) Bove. An incrustation, which forms 
 upon a sore, owing to the concretion of the fluid 
 discharged from it. An eschar. 
 
 SCABBY or SCABBED. Covered or diseased 
 with scabs. 
 
 SCABIES, Psora — s. Agria, Lichen — s. Ca- 
 pitis, Porrigo lupinosa, Porrigo scutulata — s. 
 Capitis favosa, Porrigo favosa — s. Crustosa, Kad- 
 zyge — s. Fera, Ecthyma. 
 
 Sca'bies Feri'na, Itch of animals, Mange, (pro- 
 nounced Maynge.) A cutaneous disease, which 
 affects almost all domestic animals, but especially 
 the horse, sheep, dog, and cow. It is said to 
 have been transmitted to man ; but this is ques- 
 tionable. 
 
 Scabies Ferina, Psoriasis — s. Norwegica 
 Boeckii, Radzyge — s. Papuliformis, Prurigo — s. 
 Sicca, Lichen, Psoriasis — s. Venerea contagiosa, 
 Scherlievo. 
 
 SCAB IE USE ORDINAIRE, Scabiosa. 
 SCABIOLA, Scabies. 
 
 SCABIO'SA, <S'. arven'sis, Tri'eTiera arven'ais. 
 Field Sca'bious, (Sc.) Eastning wort, (F.) Sca- 
 hieuse ordinaire. Ord. Dipsaceae. Sex. Syst. 
 Tetrandria Monogynia. From scaber, 'rough,' 
 owing to its rough hairy surface.' The plant is 
 bitter and sub-astringent, and was formerly used 
 in the cure of leprous affections and diseased 
 lungs. 
 
 Scabiosa Arvensis, Scabiosa — s. Carduifolia, 
 Echinops. 
 
 Scabiosa SuCCI'sA, Succisa, S. praten'dis, Aste- 
 roceph'alus succisa, 3Iorsus Diab'oli, Devil's bit, 
 (F.) 3Iors du Diable, has similar properties. 
 
 SCABIOUS, Erigeron Philadelphicum — s. 
 Field, Scabiosa — s. Sweet, Erigeron heterophyl- 
 lum. 
 
 SCABISH, (Enothera biennis. 
 SCABRITIES, Lichen, Trachoma. 
 SCALA, 'a ladder.' A machine formerly used 
 for reducing dislocations of the humerus. 
 
 ScaLjE of the Coch'lea, Gyri seu Ductus spi- 
 ra'les seu Cana'les cochlea, ( F. ) Bampes ou 
 Eclielles da Lima<!on — are the cavities in the 
 cochlea, separated from each other by the spiral 
 septum. The one — Seala inter'na seu jioste'rior 
 seu inferior coch'lecp, S. tym'pani — would com- 
 municate with the cavitas tympani by the fenes- 
 tra rotunda, were it not for the membrane that 
 closes it. The other — Seala exter'na seu ante'- 
 rior seu superior coch'lecp, S. vestib'uli — opens 
 into the cavity of the vestibule. The scalse com- 
 municate with each other by an opening at the 
 top of the partition. 
 
 ScALA Anterior Cochlea, see Seala — s. 
 Clausa, see Seala — s. Externa cochlea?, see Seala 
 — s. Inferior cochleae, see Seala — s. Interior coch- 
 le£e, see Seala — s. Posterior cochleae, see Seala 
 
 — s. Superior cochleae, see Seala — s. Tympani, 
 see Cochlea, and Seala — s. Vestibuli, see Coch- 
 lea, and Seala. 
 
 SCALDRICKS, Sinapis a'-vensis. 
 
 SCALE, Sax. rcale, from rcylan, ' to divide, 
 separate;' (6.) Schale, 'shell, peel;' schalen, 
 'to shell, to peel.' Squama, Lepis, (F.) Eseaille, 
 Ecaille. An opake and thickened lamina of 
 cuticle, commonly produced by some degree of 
 inflammation of the true skin, over which it is 
 formed. 
 
 Scale, Dry, Psoriasis. 
 
 SCALENE ANTERIEUR, Scalenus anticus 
 
 — s. Posterieiir, Scalenus posticus. 
 SCALE'NUS, aKa'Xnvo;, 'irregular or unequal.' 
 
 Geometers employ this word to designate a tri- 
 angle whose three sides are unequal. Anatomists 
 
 have given the name to two muscles. 1. Scalenus 
 Anti'cuS, Portion of the Costo-trachelian (Ch.), 
 (F.) Scalene anterienr, is situate at the internal 
 and inferior parts of the neck. It is long and 
 triangular; and is inserted, below, at the upper 
 surface of the first rib; and, above, at the ante- 
 rior tubercle of the transverse processes of the 
 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th cervical vertebrae. This 
 muscle bends the neck, and draws it to its side. 
 It can also raise the first rib. 2. Scalenus Pos- 
 Tl'crs, (F.) Scalene posterieiir, Portion of the 
 Costo-trachelian (Ch.), is situate behind the last. 
 It is, also, long and triangular; but more bulky 
 than the .S*. anticus. It is attached, below, to the 
 outer surface of the first two ribs ; and terminates, 
 above, at the summit of the transverse processes 
 of the last six vertebrse of the neck. This mus- 
 cle bends the neck laterally, and can elevate the 
 first two ribs. Some anatomists, as Albinus and 
 Sommering, have described five scaleni muscles 
 on each side, and have called them Scalemis 
 prior, S. min'inins, S. latera'lis, S. me'dius, S. 
 posti'cns. Riolan and Chaussier only describe 
 one scalenus muscle on each side. Cowper and 
 Douglas, and the generality of the English ana- 
 tomists, admit three, S. anti'cus, vie'dius, and 
 posti'cus ; or, primus, secun'dus, and ter'tins ; 
 Winslow, Boyer, and many of the French anato- 
 mists, — two, as above described. 
 
 SCALING — same etymon as Scale — in dentis- 
 try, is an operation, which consists in removing 
 the tartar from the teeth. 
 
 SCALL, ((Sc.) Skatv,) Impetigo, Scab— s. As- 
 bestos, see Eczema of the hairy scalp — s. Crusted, 
 Impetigo — s. Dry, Psoriasis — s. Honeycnmb, Por- 
 rigo fiivosa — s. Humid, Eczema— s. Milky, Por- 
 rigo larvalis — s. Papulous, Ecthyma — s. Running, 
 Eczema, Impetigo — s. Vesicular, Eczema capitis 
 — s. Washerwoman's, Psoriasis diffusa. 
 SCALLARD, Porrigo. 
 SCALLED HEAD, Porrigo, P. scutulata. 
 SCALP, Teut.Sch el pe, 'a shell.' (Old Eng.) 
 Scoj). The integuments covering the head. The 
 hairy scalp is called, also, Capillit"ium, Tricho'- 
 ton, CcBsa'ries, (F.) Chevelure, Cuir chevelu. 
 
 SCALPEL, Scalpel' lum, Scalpel'lus, Cutter, 
 Inciso'rium, Smi'leon : from scalpo, ' I cut.' A 
 cutting instrument, formed of a lilade of well- 
 tempered steel, very sharp, of variable shape and 
 size, and fixed solidly in a handle. Its -use is to 
 divide the soft parts in operations, dissection, &,c. 
 SCALPELLUM, Scalpel— s. Lenticulare, Pha- 
 copis. 
 
 SCALPELLUS, Biatouri, Scalpel. 
 SCALPEUM, Bistonri. 
 
 SCALPRUM, Raspatorium — s. Chirurgicum, 
 Lancet. 
 
 ScALPRUM Denta'rium, Lima denta'ria. A 
 tooth-file. A dental file or file used by the 
 dentist. 
 
 ScALPRFM Rasorium, Raspatorium. 
 SCALY, Squamous. 
 
 Scaly Diseases or SquamjE, Lepido'ses, form 
 the second order in Willan and Bateman's system 
 of cutaneous diseases. 
 SCAMMA, Fossa. 
 
 SCAM3WNEE B'ALEP, Convolvulus scam- 
 monia. 
 
 SCAMMONIUM, see Convolvulus scammonia 
 — s. Syriaenm, Convolvulus scammonia. 
 SCAMMONY, Convolvulus scammonia. 
 Scammony, Bourbon. The concrete juice of 
 Perij)loca 3Iauritiana. 
 
 Scammony, Germany. The concrete juice of 
 Convolvulus sepium. 
 
 Scammony of Montpellier, Cynanehum Mon- 
 speliacum. 
 
 SCAMNUM HIPPOCRAT'ICUM, {seamnum, 
 
SCANDIX 
 
 823 
 
 SCAPULAR 
 
 'a bench.') Bathron Hippocrati'on of Galen, 
 (F.) Banc d' Hippocrate. A machine invented 
 by Hippocrates for reducing fractures. It was a 
 sort of bed, six feet long, on which the patient 
 was fixed. Straps were attached above and be- 
 low the fracture or luxation, and extension and 
 counter-extension were eflFected by a winch. It 
 is described in Galen, Oribasius, Scultetus, Ac. 
 See Bathron. 
 
 SCANDIX, S. cerefolium. 
 
 ScANDix BuLBOCASTANUM, Bunium bulbocas- 
 tanura. 
 
 ScANDtX Cerepo'lium, Scaiidix, Scandi/x, 
 Pecteii Veii'eris, Cerefolium, Baitcus Seprin'ius, 
 ChcBrophyl'lum, Oh. Sati'vum seu Cere/o' litem, 
 Anthris'cus cerefolium, Chcerefo'lium, Chervil, 
 (F.) Cerfeuil. Ord. Umbellifera;. Sex. Syst. 
 Pentandria Digynia. A culinary herb, which is 
 slightly aromatic and grateful. It is said to be 
 gently aperient and diuretic. 
 
 ScANDix Odora'ta, Sweet Cic"ely. Properties 
 the same as the other. Also, Cha3rophyllum 
 odoratum. 
 
 SCANDULARIUS MUSCULUS, Parathenar, 
 Transversus pedis. 
 
 SCANDYX, Scandix cerefolium. 
 
 SCAPH A, Scaphus, ' a skiff or cock-boat,' from 
 o-xairro), ' I make hollow.' The excavation or 
 cavity of the external ear, between the helix and 
 anthelix. The meatus auditorius externus. The 
 rima vulvae. Also the name of a bandage for the 
 head, mentioned by Galen, and called, likewise, 
 Tholus Diocle'us. 
 
 SCAPHIA, Nates. 
 
 SCAPHION, Cranium, Papaver (Capsule). 
 
 SCA'PHIUM OCULA'RE, Pelvis Octda'ris, 
 Eye-glass, (F.) Bassin ou Condole oculaire, 
 (Eilliere. A small porcelain, glass or metallic 
 vessel, used for applying lotions to the eye. 
 
 SCAPHO - CARPO - SUPER- PHALANGEUS 
 POLLICIS, Abductor pollicis brevis. 
 
 SCAPHOID, Seaphoi'des, from aKa<pri, 'a skiff,' 
 and uioi, 'form.' A name given to several parts. 
 
 Scaphoid Fossa, Fossa Seaphoi'des, (F.) En- 
 foncement Scaphoide. A small cavity at the 
 upper part of the internal ala of the pterygoid 
 process, in which the peris taphylin us internus is 
 attached. 
 
 Scaphoid Bone of the Hand, Os Scapho'ides 
 Man'iia seu navicula' re seu cymbifor'me. Boat-like 
 bone, (F.) Scapho'ide de la main. The first bone 
 of the first row of the carpus. The upper sur- 
 face is convex, and articulated with the radius. 
 The under and outer surfaces are also convex, — 
 to be articulated with the trapezium and trape- 
 zoides. Between the upper and under cartilagi- 
 nous surfaces there is a rough fussa for the inser- 
 tion of the capsular ligament. The anterior and 
 inner surface has an oval cavity, where it is arti- 
 culated with the OS magnum, which gives name 
 to the bone. There is a process on the outer end 
 of the bone, for the attachment of part of the an- 
 terior transverse ligament of the wrist. 
 
 Scaphoid Bone op the Foot, Os Scapho'ides 
 Pedis seu navicula' re. seu cymbifor'me. Boat-like 
 lone, (P.) Scaphoide du Pied. This bone is 
 situate at the forepart of the astragalus and inner 
 part of the foot. The posterior surface forms a 
 cavity, somewhat like that of a boat, for receiving 
 the head of the astragalus. There is a promi- 
 nence at the inner side of the bone, for the inser- 
 tion of tendons, muscles, and strong ligaments. | 
 The forepart of the bone is convex, and divided 
 into three articular surfaces for articulation with 
 the ossa cuneiforraia. Between the os naviculare 
 and astragalus, the foot has its principal lateral 
 and rotary motions; although each of the other 
 joints of the tarsus contributes a little. Part of 
 the tibialis posticus is inserted into it. 
 
 SCAPHOlBE DE LA 3TAIN, Os scaphoides 
 mands — a. du Pied, Os scaphoides pedis. 
 
 SCAPHOiDO - ASTRAG ' ALAN, Scaphoido- 
 astragala'nus. That which relates to the sca- 
 phoid bone and astragalus. The articulation of 
 these bones is so called; and the ligament which 
 strengthens it is termed the Scaphoido-astragalan 
 ligament. 
 
 SCAPHOIDO-CUBOID, Scaphoido-cuhoida'- 
 tis. That which relates to the scaphoid and cu- 
 boid bones. The articulation of those bones is 
 so called. 
 
 SCAPHULA, Navicularis fossa. 
 
 SCAPHUS, Auditory canal, external, Rima 
 vulvae, Scapha. 
 
 SCAP'ULA, Scap'uhim, Plata, Omopla'ta, Ho- 
 moplata, Scop'tula, Epino'tion, Latitu'do hu'meri, 
 Omo])'late, Os latum hu'meri, Scutum thora'cis 
 seu cordis, Spath'ula, Pteryg'ium, Chelo'nium, 
 Spat'ula; Blade-bone, Shoulder-blade, (Prov.) 
 Shield-bone, Plate-bone, Spade-bone, (F.) Omo- 
 plate. An irregular, broad, flat bone, of a tri- 
 angular shape, situate at the posterior part of the 
 shoulder. It has, 1. A posterior or dorsal sur- 
 face or Dorsum, Testu'do scapu'lcB, divided trans- 
 versely into two parts, by a triangular process, 
 called Spine of the Scapula; which terminates 
 by a considerable eminence, called Acromion. 
 Above the spine, is the Fossa supra-spinata ; 
 below it, the F. infra- spin at a. 2. An anterior 
 or costal surface or venter, forming the Fossa 
 subscapular is. 3. A superior or cervical edge, 
 which is thin, and terminates, anteriorly, by a 
 strong, curved apophysis, called the coracoid 
 process. 4. A posterior or vertebral edge, called, 
 also, the base. 5. An outer or axillary or infe- 
 rior edge, having a thick, truncated angle, in 
 which is the glenoid cavity. With this is articu- 
 lated the head of the humerus. The glenoid 
 cavity is separated from the body of the bone by 
 a narrow part called the cervix or neck. The 
 edges or margins are, also, called costce. The 
 scapula has three angles — an inferior, superior, 
 and anterior. 
 
 Scapula, Humerus. 
 
 ScapuLjE Nasi, Partes latera'les nasi. The 
 lateral parts of the nose. 
 
 SCAPULAL'GIA ; from scapula, ' the shoul- 
 der-blade,' and aAj/of, 'pain.' Arthralgia of the 
 shoulder-joint. 
 
 SCAP'ULAR, Scap'ulary, Scapula'ris, (F.) 
 Scapulaire, from sccipula, 'the shoulder-blade.' 
 That which relates or belongs to the scapula. 
 
 Scapular Aponeuro'sis. A broad, thin apo- 
 neurosis, with decussating fibres ; which is at- 
 tached, above, to the spine of the scapula; below, 
 to a crest between the teres major and infra-spi- 
 natus ; within, to the spinal edge of the scapula ; 
 and which, at its middle, unites with the thin 
 aponeurosis that covers a part of the external 
 surface of the deltoid. 
 
 Scapular Arteries. These are several. 
 a. The Superior scapular, Superficial scapular 
 of Sbmmering, Dorsa'lis scapulcB superior, Trans- 
 versa'lis scapulcB, T. Hu'meri. This arises from 
 the subclavian ; and often from the inferior thy- 
 roid, or from a trunk common to it and the pos- 
 terior scapular or transverse scapular or cervical. 
 It passes behind the clavical, above the superior 
 edge of the scapula, and buries itself between the 
 dorsal surface of that bone and the muscles in- 
 serted into it. 6. The inferior scapular or com- 
 mon scapular or internal scapular or subscapular 
 artery, A. Thorao"ica axilla'ris seu ala'ris is of 
 considerable size. It arises from the inferior part 
 of the axillary artery, behind the brachial plexus 
 — gives off several branches to the armpit, and 
 divides into two branches : — the one, Scapida'ris 
 
SCAPULARE 
 
 824 
 
 SCELOS 
 
 interna, and the smaller of the two, is distribu- 
 ted, almost entirely, to the serratus major anti- 
 cus, and latissimus dorsi; the other, the larger 
 of the two, the Borsa'lis Scap'ulcB inferior seu 
 Circumflex'a Scapxda'ris, which distributes its 
 branches to the subscapular and supra-spinal, 
 and infra-spinal regions. 
 
 Scapular Notch, see Notch, scapular. 
 
 Scapular Veins follow the same course as the 
 arteries, which they accompany. 
 
 SCAPULARE, Scapulary. 
 
 SCAP'ULARY, Scapula're, Fascia Scapula'- 
 ris, from scapula. A broad, linen bandage, divi- 
 ded into two tails for three quarters of its length, 
 the undivided extremity of which is attached to 
 the posterior and middle part of a bandage car- 
 ried round the body; the tails passing over the 
 shoulders; and being attached to the anterior 
 part of the body bandage, to prevent it from 
 slipping down. 
 
 SCAPULODYN'IA, from scapula, and o6vvv, 
 'pain.' A hybrid word, signifying pain or rheu- 
 matism of the shoulder. 
 
 SCAP'ULO-HU'MERAL. An epithet given 
 to the shoulder-joint. It is an orbicular articula- 
 tion, resulting from the reception of the head of 
 the humerus into the glenoid cavity of the sca- 
 pula. To keep the bones in connexion, there 
 are : 1. A very strong, conoidal capsular liga- 
 ment; passing from the circumference of the gle- 
 noid cavity around the neck of the humerus. 2. 
 A fibro-cartilaginous ring, called the glenoid liga- 
 ment, and a synovial capsule. 
 
 SCAPUL0-HU3IERAL, Teres major— «. Hu- 
 miro-olecranien, Triceps extensor cubiti — «. Hi/- 
 o'idien, Omohyoideus — s. Badial, Biceps flexor 
 cubiti — s. Trochiterien, grand, Infra-spinatus. 
 
 SCAPUS, Penis, see Hair. 
 
 SCAR, Cicatrix. 
 
 Scar, Seam. To mark with a cicatrix or 
 seam; — as scarred, (Sc.) arred, means marked 
 with a cicatrix or seam. 
 
 SCARABiEOLUS HEMISPH^RICUS, Coc- 
 cus cacti. 
 
 SCAR'BOROUGH, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Scarborough Spa. A celebrated English chaly- 
 beate, at Scarborough, in Yorkshire. One of the 
 springs is a simple, carbonated chalybeate, like 
 that of Tunbridge : the other has an admixture 
 of purging salt. Scarborough, having the addi- 
 tional advantage of sea-bathing, is much fre- 
 quented by invalids. 
 
 SCARCHT, Hermnphrodite. 
 
 SCARDAMYG'MUS, Scardamyx'is, (F.) Clig- 
 nement, from oKapiafivaaciv, 'to wink.' AVinking. 
 
 SCARFSKIN, Epidermis. 
 
 SCARIFICA'TION, Scarifica'tio, Amt/x'is, 
 Schasis, Cataeas'mus, Catachas'mus, Awyg'mus, 
 Sehasmus, Encharax'is, from oKa^Kpaofxai, 'to 
 make a slight scratch.' The act of scarifying. 
 Also, a small incision, Am'yche, made into the 
 skin with a lancet, bistoury, or scarificator, 
 for different therapeutical purposes, — as to 
 draw blood, or to discharge some effused fluid. 
 When the scarifications are very superficial, and 
 do not go farther than the skin, they are termed 
 by the French, Mouchetures. 
 
 SCARIFICA'TOR, Scarijicato'rium, Schaste'- 
 rium. Same etymon. An instrument for making 
 scarifications. It consists of a small brass box, 
 of a cubical shape, in which 10 or 12 lancet 
 points turn upon a common pivot. By means of 
 a spring, all these blades can he made to issue at 
 once, and make as many scarifications. 
 
 SCARIFICATORIUM, Scarificator. 
 
 SCARIOLA, Cichorium endivia, Lactuca sca- 
 riola. 
 
 SCARIOLE, Cichorum endivia. 
 
 SCARLATA, Scarlatina. 
 
 SCARLATI'NA, from (L) scarlatte, 'a deep 
 red.' Scarlata, Enanthe'sis Rosa'lia, Rosa'lia, 
 Rossa'lia, R. squamo'sa, Rosa'lia, Ruhe'olcB, of 
 some, Morbil'li ig'nei seu eonjluen'tes, Iforbtis 
 ecarlatino'sus, Febris scarlatino'sa seu rubra, 
 Gut'tnris morbus epidem'icus Forest'i, Pur'pura, 
 Typhus scarlati'nus, Porphyris'mus, Porphyris'- 
 ma. Scarlet or Rash-fever, (F.) Fievre rouge, F. 
 pourpree. The characteristic symptoms of scar- 
 latina are : — a scarlet flush, appearing about the 
 second day of fever on the face, neck, and fauces ; 
 and progressively spreading over the body; ter- 
 minating about the 7th day. Two great varieties 
 may be reckoned : — the S. simptlex seu febris seu 
 benig'na seu sine angi'nd, in which the fever is 
 moderate and terminates with the efBorescence ; 
 prostration of strength being trifling, and the 
 contagious property slight ; — and the S. Angino'sa 
 seu Paristhmit'ica seu Cynanch'ica seu mii"ior, 
 in which the fever is severe ; the throat ulcerated; 
 the eruption later in its appearance, and less ex- 
 tensive ; often changing to a livid hue; the fever 
 being highly contagious. Scarlati'na mulig'na 
 seu gra'vior, has been reckoned a variety of this, 
 in its worst degree. It agrees with the Cynanche 
 maligna of Cullen. 
 
 Scarlatina belongs to the Major exanthemata, 
 and is a disease, chiefly, of children. The eruption 
 differs from that of measles, in being an efliores- 
 cence not- raised above the cuticle. Measles, too, 
 is attended with catarrhal symptoms, whilst the 
 complication, in scarlatina, is cynanche. The 
 treatment of simple scarlatina need not be much. 
 It must be antiphlogistic. If the throat be very 
 much ulcerated, acid gargles and counter-irri- 
 tants must be employed ; and if the affection be- 
 come manifestly typhoid, and the sore throat of 
 a malignant character, the case must be treated 
 like typhus gravior; with antiseptic gargles of 
 bark, acid, &c. Anasarca sometimes supervenes 
 on scarlatina, and requires attention. Purgatives 
 are here demanded as well as the use of sorbefa- 
 cients, such as mercury and squill, <fec. 
 
 Scarlatina Anginosa, see Scarlatina — s. Be- 
 nigna, see Scarlatina — s. Cynanchica, see Scar- 
 latina — s. Febris, see Scarlatina — s. Gravior, see 
 Scarlatina — s. Miliaris, Rubeola — s. Mitior, see 
 Scarlatina — s. Paristhmitica, see Scarlatina — s. 
 Pustulosa, Rubeola — s. Rheumatica, Dengue — 
 s. Sine Angina, see Scarlatina — s. Urticata, Urti- 
 caria. 
 
 SCARLATrNOUS, Soarlati'nal, Scarlatino'- 
 sus. Relating or appertaining to scarlatina. 
 
 SCARLET BERRY, Solanum dulcamara. 
 
 SCARLET FEVER, Scarlatina. 
 
 SCATACRASIA, Scoracrasia. 
 
 SCATACRATIA, Scoracrasia. 
 
 SCAW, Sambucus. 
 
 SGEAU DE SALOMON, Convallaria poly- 
 gon atura. 
 
 SCELAL'GIA, from c/ctAof, 'the leg,' and uKyo^, 
 'pain.' Pain of the leg. 
 
 ScELALGiA Antica, Neuralgia femoro-pretibi- 
 alis — s. Postica, Neuralgia femoro-poplitea — s. 
 Puerperarum, Phlegmatia dolens. 
 
 SCELETEU'SIS. Mummification. Also, the 
 mode of making a skeleton, Skeletopoe'a, Syn- 
 tax'is. 
 
 SCELETOLOGIA, Skeletology. 
 
 SCELETON, Skeleton. 
 
 SCELETOPCEA, Sceleteusis. 
 
 SCELETUM, Skeleton— s. Artificiale, see Ske- 
 leton — s. Naturale, see Skeleton. 
 
 SCELONCUS, Phlegmatia dolens. 
 
 SCELORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'mus cruris, 
 from eriftAos, 'the leg,' and ptvixa, ' defluxion, 
 rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the leg. 
 
 SCELOS, Leg. 
 
SCELOTTRBE 
 
 825 
 
 SCHWENDECK 
 
 SCELOTYRBE, Chorea, Porphyra nautica — 
 s. Febrilis, see Subsultus tendinum — s. Festinans, 
 Paralysis agitans — s. Tarantismus, Chorea. 
 
 SCEPARNON. Amnios, Ascia. 
 
 SCEPASTERIUM, Couvreckef. 
 
 SCEPASTRUM, Couvreckef. 
 
 SCEPTRUM, Penis. 
 
 SCHASIS, Scarification. 
 
 SCHASMUS, Scarification. 
 
 SCHASTERION, Fleam, Lancet, Scarificator. 
 
 SCHEBA ARABUM, Artemisia santonica. 
 
 SCHEDULA, Prescription. 
 
 SCHERBET', Sherbet', Serhet', Tscherbet', Sor- 
 be'thiim, Sorbet'tum, SorbeHum. A drink prepared 
 by the Turks, Persians, Egyptians, <fee., with 
 sugar and the juice of acid fruits. 
 
 SCHERLIEVO, Skerljevo, Male di ScherUevo, 
 JJale di Breno, 3[cde di Fiume, Jfale di Scorlievo, 
 Hale scabioso venerea, Marrjaretizza, Jforbiis 
 Croatus seu fluminien'sis, Framboe'sia Ulyr'ica, 
 Scabies venerea contagio'sa, Venereal Itch. A 
 name given to a particular form of syphilis, 
 observed in Illyria. It is said to be capable of 
 being communicated ■without immediate contact; 
 and, that its principal symptoms are: — pains in 
 the bones, ulceration of the fauces, pustules, and 
 fungous growths in diflFereut parts of the body. 
 
 Affections, known by this name, as well as by 
 those of 3Iale di Breno, Falcadi'na, Boala and 
 Frenga, prevail in the frontier countries of the 
 Austrian empire, and are generally regarded as 
 contagious, of syphilitic origin, and as having 
 been introduced from a surrounding country. 
 The terms appear, however, in the course of time, 
 to have been applied to a variety of ulcers, erup- 
 tions, and other morbid conditions in no way 
 connected with syphilis, so that they lost their 
 peculiar signification. — Sigmund. 
 
 SCHERO'MA. A dryness of the eye from the 
 want of lachrymal secretion. — Dictionaries. 
 
 SCHIAS, Neuralgia femoro-poplitea. 
 
 SCHIATICUS. Sciatic. 
 
 SCHIDAKE'DOX, Schidace'dum, Schindace'- 
 du7n, Sehindal'amus, Schindal'mus, from o-zfi^uj, 
 ' I cleave.' A longitudinal fracture of a bone. — 
 Galen. 
 
 SCHINDACEDUM, Schidakedon. 
 
 SCHINDALAMUS, Schidakedon, Sehindy- 
 
 SCHTNDALESIS, Schindylesis. 
 
 SCHINDALMUS, Schidakedon, Schindylesis. 
 
 SCHINDYLE'SIS, Schindale'sis, Schindal'a- 
 mtis, Schindal'mus. An articulation of bones — 
 by furrowing, as it were ; as in that of the vomer, 
 which constitutes, in part, the septum narium. 
 Also, the act of splitting into small pieces : from 
 c^^ivSvXco), 'I split into small pieces.' — Hippo- 
 crates. 
 
 SCHINEL^'ON, from ax'i'o;, 'the mastic 
 tree,' and cXatov, 'oil;' Oleum lentis' cinum. Oil 
 of mastic. — Dioscorides. 
 
 SCHINOCEPHALUS, Scillocephalus. 
 
 SCHINOS, Scilla. 
 
 SCHINZNACH or HAPSBURG, MINERAL 
 WATERS OF. These springs are situate three 
 le^igues from Baden, and are amongst the most 
 celebrated bathing-places in Switzerland. The 
 waters are of the saline sulphurous kind; and 
 have a high reputation in cutaneous and rheu- 
 matic affections, visceral obstructions, and glan- 
 dular enlargements. They contain sulphate of 
 lime, sulphate of soda, chloride of sodium, chlo- 
 ride of magnesium, sulphate of magnesia, sul- 
 phate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, and oxide 
 of iron ; sulphohydric acid, and carbonic acid 
 gases. 
 
 SCFIISMA, Fissure, Rima. 
 
 SCllISTOCEPH'ALUS, from (T;^i(rro5, 'cleft, 
 
 separated,' and K£(pa\ri, 'head.' A monster having 
 some part of the head cleft or fissured. — Gurlt. 
 
 SCHISTOCOR'MUS, from axfrros, 'cleft, sepa- 
 rated,' and Kop/jios, 'trunk.' A monster having 
 some part of the trunk cleft or fissured. — Gurlt. 
 SCHISTOM'ELUS, from <7';^io'rof, 'cleft, sepa- 
 rated,' and ^tAof, 'a limb.' A monster whose 
 limbs are fissured. 
 
 SCHISTORRHACHIS, Hydrorachis. 
 SCHISTOSO'MUS, from cx^jros, 'olett,' and 
 ffu/jo, 'body.' A malformation of the jibdomen, 
 in which the fissure and eventration e.\tend over 
 the entire length of the abdomen ; the lower ex- 
 tremities being absent, or very little developed, 
 so that the body appears as if truncated infe- 
 riorly. — Vogel. 
 
 SCHIZA, Rima, Rima vulvfe. 
 SCHIZATRICH'IA, Trichos'chisis, Schizo- 
 trich'ia, from trp^i^w, 'I split,' and dpi^, rpt;j;oj, 'a 
 hair.' The splitting of the hairs at their extre- 
 mities. — J. P. Frank. 
 
 SCHLANGENBAD, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Schlangenbad is a much-frequented water- 
 ing-place in Germany. The waters contain a 
 little carbonic acid, and carbonate of soda. Tem- 
 perature 86° Fahrenheit. 
 
 SCHNAPPS, SCHIEDAM, see Gin. 
 SCHNEIDERIAN MEMBRANE, Pituitary 
 membrane. 
 
 SCHCENANTHUS, Juncus odoratus. 
 SCHOLA, School. 
 
 SCHOLLERA OXYCOCCOS, Vaccinium osy- 
 coecos. 
 
 SCHOOL, Schola, (F.) Ecole. A place of edu- 
 cation. In Europe the large Medical Schools are 
 usually attached to the universities. In England, 
 however, there has been no medical school of 
 celebrity at either of the universities of Oxford 
 or Cambridge; owing greatly to their provincial 
 situation. Of late, two schools have existed in 
 London, attached to the London University — 
 University College and King's College. Excel- 
 lent private schools have, however, long existed 
 in that metropolis. The medical schools of Eu- 
 rope which have been most celebrated, are those 
 of Edinburgh, Leyden, Berlin, Halle, Tubingen, 
 Paris, Montpellier, Bologna, Padua, Pavia, and 
 Pisa. In the United States, the medical schools 
 are numerous; at this time not fewer, perhaps, 
 than 40. Those most numerously attended, are 
 Jefi'erson Medical College of Philadelphia, the 
 medical department of the University of Penn- 
 .sylvania, and the University of Nashville. 
 
 SCHOOLEY'S MOUNTAIN, MINERAL 
 WATERS OF. The waters of this New Jersey 
 Spring are a carbonated chalybeate. According 
 to Dr. McNevin, they contain extractive, chloride 
 of sodium, chloride of calcium, chloride of mag- 
 nesium, carbonate of lime, sulphate of lime, car- 
 bonate of magnesia, sile.x, and carbonate, and 
 oxide of iron. 
 
 SCHORBUTUS, Purpura. 
 
 SCHOUSBiEA COCCINEA, Cacoucia cocci- 
 nea. 
 
 SCHWALBACH or LANGEN-SCHWAL- 
 BACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. Schwalbach 
 IS a town of Germany, seated on the Aa, 32 miles 
 west of Frankfort. The waters contain chloride 
 of sodium, carbonates of lime and magnesia, iron, 
 sulphate of lime, carbonic acid, o.xyc^en, &c. 
 Employed as a tonic. '^ 
 
 SCHWANN, WHITE SUBSTANCE OF, see 
 Substance, white, of Schwann. 
 
 SCHWENDECK, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These waters are about 5 leagues from Mi'nichi 
 in Bavaria. They contain carbonic acid; e-^rbo- 
 nate and sulphate of lime, chloride of calo'im; 
 chloride of magnesium; carbonate of soda, *uJ 
 
SCIATIC 
 
 826 
 
 SCIRRHUS 
 
 oxide of irou, and are much used for cutaneous 
 affections. 
 
 SCIAT'IC, Sciat'icus, Tschiat'ic, IscTiiat'icns, 
 Schiat'ieus, (F.) Sciatique, from lax^ov, 'the 
 haunch.' A word formed by contraction from 
 isehiatic, which latter is still used. See Ischiatic. 
 Sciatic Nerve, Great, Nervus ischind'icus, 
 Great /em' oro-pojylite'al (Ch.), (F.) Grand nerf 
 gciatique, ought to be esteemed a continuation of 
 the sacral plexus. It issues from the pelvis be- 
 tween the pyramidalis and superior gemellus ; 
 descends along the posterior part of the thigh ; 
 and after having given branches to the gemini, 
 quadratus, obturator externus, gluteus maximus, 
 semi-membranosus, semi-tendinosus, biceps and 
 third abductor muscles, it divides, about the in- 
 ferior third of the thigh, into two branches; the 
 one, named the external popliteal ; the other, the 
 internal. 
 
 Sciatic Nerve, Lesser, Inferior glu'teal 
 branch of the sacral plexus, Lesser fern' oro-popli- 
 te'al nerve (Ch.), (F.) Nerf petit sciatique, which 
 seems especially formed by the 2d and 3d sacral, 
 is given off from the lower part of the plexus, and 
 escapes from the pelvis beneath the pyramidalis 
 muscle. It gives branches — nervi cuta'nei clu'- 
 nium inferio'res — to the glutseus maximus; a 
 tciatic branch or infra-pelvic cutaneous or peri- 
 neal cutaneo\ts, Pudenda'lis longus iiife'rior, which 
 passes under the tuberosity of the ischium, and 
 furnishes filaments to the glutseus maximus, and 
 to the muscles of the perinseum, urethra, penis, 
 scrotum, <fec. ; and a 2)osterior femoral eutuneons 
 branch — middle posterior cutaneous nerve — the 
 filaments of which traverse the femoral aponeu- 
 rosis, to be distributed on the skin of the poste- 
 rior part of the thigh. The principal branch of 
 the lesser sciatic nerve divides, near the ham, 
 into two or three filaments, which descend under 
 the integuments almost as far as the inferior part 
 of the leg. 
 
 Sciatic Notch, Great, Sciatic Fora'men, In- 
 cisu'ra ischiad'ica major, (F.) Grande echancrure 
 sciatique ou grand trou sciatique, is a large notch 
 at the posterior edge of each os innominatum, 
 below the posterior and inferior iliac spine, which 
 is converted into a foramen by the sacrum and 
 sacro-sciatic ligaments. The lesser sciatic notch. 
 Jncisu'ra ischiad'ica minor, Luna Alhi'ni, (F.) 
 Petite echancrure ischiatique, is much smaller 
 than the last, from which it is separated by the 
 sciatic spine. It gives passage to the tendon of 
 the obturator internus, and to the internal pudic 
 vessels and nerves. 
 
 Sciatic Region, Ischiadic region. 
 Sciatic Spine, Spine of the Ischium, Spinous 
 Proc"ess of the Ischium, is a short, flat, pyramidal 
 eminence on the os innominatum, above the pre- 
 ceding foramen ; which gives insertion to the 
 lesser sacro-seiatic ligament. 
 
 SCIATICA, Neuralgia femoro-poplitea. 
 SCIATIQUE, Neuralgia femoro-poplitea. Sci- 
 atic. 
 
 SCIE, Saw. 
 
 SCIENTIA HERMETICA, Alchymy— s. Me- 
 dendi, Medieina — s. Medica, Medicina. 
 
 SCIERO'PIA, from oKicpos, 'shady,' and &)\1/, 
 'the eye.' A defect of vision, in which all ob- 
 jects have a darker hue than natural. 
 
 S C I L L A, (TKiWa, from cr^i^o}, ' I cleave, I 
 split' [?]. Scilla seu Squilla marit'ima, Scylla, 
 Aschil, Schinos, Oc'uhis Typho'nis, Ornithog'alum 
 marit'imum seu sqnil'la, Stella' ris seu Urgin'ea 
 scilla, Cepa mari'na scilla, Squilla, Squill or sea 
 onioi, Eye of Typhon, (F.) Ognon marin. Ord. 
 Liliaceee. Sex. Sysf. Hexandria Monogynia. 
 Native of Spain, Austria, &c. The bulb or root 
 of tne squill has a bitter, nauseous taste, and is 
 extremely acrid; inflaming the skin when 
 
 rubbed on it. Its acrimony, on which its virtues 
 depend, is destroyed by heat, drying, and keep- 
 ing. It is extracted by vinegar, spirit, and 
 water. In large doses, squill is emetic and pur- 
 gative ; in small doses, diuretic and expectorant. 
 Its active principle has b«en called seillitine. 
 Dose, gr. j to v of the dried root, united or not 
 with mercury. 
 
 Scilla Esculen'ta, Phalan' gium esculen'tum, 
 Eastern Quamash, Wild Hy'acinth ; indigenous; 
 flowering in May. An article of diet amongst 
 the AVestern Indians. It is made into bread and 
 poultices for inflamed breasts. 
 
 SCILLIT'IC, Scillit'icus, (F.) Scillitique, from 
 scilla, 'squill.' Containing squill. 
 
 SCILLOCEPH'ALUS, Schinoceph'alus, from 
 cKiXXa, 'the squill,' and Ke(pa\ri, 'head.' One who 
 has a large bulbiform head. 
 
 SCINCUS, dKiyKOi or oKiyyoi. A species of 
 Saurus or Lacer'ta, common in Egypt, and much 
 extolled by the ancients as alexipharmic and 
 aphrodisiac. 
 
 SCINTIL'LA VEN'ERIS, 'a spark, a relic of 
 Venus.' A name given, by Paracelsus, to the 
 impotence and loss of power in the limbs, pro- 
 duced by syphilis. 
 
 SCINTILLEMENT BE L'CEIL, Confusio. 
 
 SCIOM'ACHY, Skioma'chia, Sh-iamachia; from 
 oKia, ' a shade,' and ^a;^);, ' a fight.' A gymnastic 
 exercise with the ancients, which consisted in a 
 mock encounter at boxing and jumping with 
 one's own shadow. 
 
 SCIRHUS, Scirrhus. 
 
 SCIRPUS PALUSTRIS, Eleocharis palnstris. 
 
 SGIRRHE, Scirrhus. 
 
 SCIRRHOBLEPHARONCUS, see Scleriasis. 
 
 SCIRRHOCELE, Orcheocele scirrhosa. 
 
 SCIRRHOGAS'TRIA, Scirrhus vulric'uli, 
 (F.) Squirrogastrie ; from scirrhus, ;i:id yaornpt 
 'stomach.' Scirrhus of the stomach. 
 
 SCIR'RHOID, Scirrhoi'des, Scirrho'des, from 
 axipot, 'scirrhus,' and tiios, 'resemblance.' Re- 
 sembling scirrhus. 
 
 SCIRRHOMA, Scirrhus. 
 
 SCIRRHOPHTHAL'MIA, Sclerojyhthal' mia, 
 from scirrhus, and o05aA//os, ' the eye.' Cancer 
 oc'idi. Cancer of the eye. 
 
 SCIRRHOPHTHALMIA PALPEBRARUM, See Sclc- 
 
 riasis. 
 
 SCIRRHOSARCA NEONATORUM, Indura^ 
 tion of the cellular tissue. 
 
 SCIRRHOSIS, Scirrhus. 
 
 SCIRRHOUS, Scirrho'sua, (P.) Squirrheux, 
 from scirrhus. Of or belonging to scirrhus. 
 
 Scirrhous Sarco'ma of Ae'ernethy, Em- 
 phy'ma sarco'ma scirrho' sum. Hard, rigid, vas- 
 cular infarction of glandular follicles; indolent, 
 insentient, glabrous; sometimes shrinking and 
 becoming more indurated. Found in glaudulous 
 structures. 
 
 SCIRRHUS, ScirhuB, Squirrhus, Slciii-hus, 
 Scirrho'ma, Scirrho'sis, Cancer scirrho'sus, Car- 
 cino'ma simplex seu fibro'sum, Indura'tio malig'- 
 na, Sclerus, Carcinom' atous sarco'ma, Hard or 
 Fibrous cancer ; from aKipo;, 'hard,' 'indurated;' 
 (F.) Squirrhe, Squirre, Schirre, SJeirre, Cancer 
 dur ou squirrheux ou fibreux. A disease, so called 
 from the hardness that characterizes it. It is a 
 state of induration, of a peculiar kind, affecting 
 glandular structures generally, but capable of 
 occurring in other textures. It usually precedes 
 carcinoma, of which it may, indeed, be considered 
 as the first stage. Scirrhus must not be con- 
 founded with the induration which succeeds in- 
 flammation, although the two states are often 
 complicated, and may stand, occasionallj', in the 
 relation of cause and effect to each other. Scir- 
 rhus is ordinarily accompanied by violent shoot- 
 ing pains. It is also irregular on its surface; 
 
SCISSION 
 
 827 
 
 SCOLOPOMACH^RION 
 
 and when cut into has a bluish or grayish white | 
 colour. When the surgeon is satisfied of the ex- 
 istence of scirrhus, he had better remove it at 
 once. No other treatment seems to possess much 
 advantage. 
 
 Galen uses the term Scirrho'eia for a livid ex- 
 crescence caused by inflammation. 
 
 SciKRHUs ET Carcinoma Ventricpli, see Gas- 
 trostenosis cardiaca et pylorica — s. Hepatis, He- 
 patoseirrhus — s. Intestinorum, Enteropathia can- 
 cerosa — s. Palpebrarum, see Scleriasis — s. Tes- 
 ticuli, Sarcocele — s. Uteri, Metroscirrhus — s. 
 Ventriculi, Gastroscirrhus. 
 SCISSION, see Generation. 
 SCISSIPARITS, see Generation. 
 SCISSORS, Scissor, ' a carver,' from scindere, 
 scissum, ' to cut.' Forfex, Forpex, Psalis, Tomin, 
 (F.) Oiseaux. A well-known instrument in com- 
 mon use, and often employed in surgery. Scis- 
 sors are composed of two cutting blades, crossing 
 each other and moving upon an axis. They are 
 straight or curved. Sometimes the curve is on 
 the flat side, when they are called, in France, 
 Ciseaux d cuiller ; at others, on their edges. 
 The scissors, bent so that the blades make an 
 obtuse angle with the handles are also much 
 used. They are called in France Ciseaux condi'^. 
 Scissors are used for dividing soft, loose, i.-nla- 
 ted parts, which it would be difiicult to reacli and 
 to cut with the bistoury. They are employed, 
 likewise, in the operation for harelip, and for re- 
 moving warts, fungous excrescences, &c. 
 SCISSURA, Fissure — s. Vulvse, see Rima. 
 SCISSUR^, Rhagades. 
 
 SCISSUEE BE GLASER, Fissure, glenoid— 
 — s. Grand mediane du Cervelet, Valley — s. deSan- 
 iorini, Santorini, fissure of. 
 SKERLJEVO, Scherlievo. 
 SCLAREA, Salvia sclarea. 
 SCLEREMA, Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 SCLEREME,lnd\ira.t\o-a of the cellular tissue. 
 SCLEREiMIA, Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 SCLE REMUS, Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 SCLERENCEPHA'LIA, Lidnra'tio cer'ebri, 
 from aK\ripoi, ' hard,' and c.yKc<paKov, ' the brain.' 
 (F.) Endurcissement dn cerveau. Induration of 
 the brain. 
 
 SCLERIA, Scleriasis. 
 
 SCLERI'ASIS, Sclero'ma, Sclero'sis, Scle'ria, 
 Selerys'mus, Seph'irus, from aK>:rip tc, 'hard.' Any 
 kind of hardness or induration. Sometimes hard- 
 ness of the eyelids, Cnllo'sitas aen Scirrhoj^hlhal'- 
 mia seu Scirrhus palpehra'rnm, Scirrhohlepha- 
 ron'cua ; at others, hardness of the genital organs 
 of the female; probably synonymous with scir- 
 rhus. — Galen. Paulus. Hardness of bones, 
 Fragil'itns Oi'sium. 
 
 SCLERITIS, Sclerotitis. 
 
 SCLERODERMA, Induration of the cellular 
 tissue. 
 
 SCLERODES, Sclerotic. 
 
 SCLERO-IRITIS. Inflammation of the scle- 
 rotic and iris. 
 
 SCLEROMA, Induration of the cellular tissue, 
 Scleriasis. 
 
 SCLEROMENINX, Dura mater. 
 SCLERONYXIS, Scleroticonyxis. 
 SCLEROPHTHALMIA, Hordeolum, Scirroph- 
 thalmia. 
 
 SCLEROS, Hard. 
 
 SCLEROSARCO'MA, from cK\vpo;, 'hard,' and 
 capKiiJixa, ' a fleshy tumour.' A hard, fleshy tu- 
 mour, seated on the gums, and resembling a 
 cock's comb. 
 
 SCLEROSIS, Induration of the cellular tissue, 
 Scleriasis. 
 
 SCLEROSTENOSIS CUTANEA, Induration 
 of the cellular tissue. 
 
 SUojEROT'IC, Sclerot'ica, from oK'Xripoa, '1 
 harden.' Cornea opa'ca, Sclero'des, Tunica dura 
 seu alhugin'ea seu dn'rior et crass'ior seu ex'iima 
 seu alba seu can'dida seu innomina'ta oc'itli, 
 Sclero'tis, (F.) Sclerotique. A hard, resisting, 
 opake membrane, of a pearly white colour and 
 fibrous nature, which covers nearly the posterior 
 four-fifths of the globe of the eye, and has the form 
 of a sphere truncated before. It is strengthened by 
 the expansion of the muscles of the eye, to which 
 expansion many anatomists have given the name 
 Tu'nica alhugin'ea. It forms the white of the 
 eye, Alhn'men seu Album oc'nli, Lon'chades, Log'- 
 ades, Loch'ades, Leu' cades. The sclerotic is pene- 
 trated posteriorly by a round opening, for the 
 passage of the optic nerve; and, anteriorly, it 
 has a much larger opening, into which the trans- 
 parent cornea is received. There are, besides, 
 many small oblong apertures in it for the passage 
 of nerves and vessels, proceeding to the interior 
 of the eye. Its inner surface is of a light brown 
 colour, owing to a delicate areolar tissue contain- 
 ing brown pigment cells; and hence called 3Iem- 
 bra'na seu Lam'ina fusca. In the foetus, the 
 sclerotic may be separated into two very distinct 
 laminae. 
 
 SCLEROTICA CERATOIDES, Cornea. 
 
 SCLEROTICITIS, Sclerotitis. 
 
 SCLEROTICONYX'IS, Sderonyx'is, Scleroto- 
 nyx'is, from sclerotica, and vv^n, 'puncturing.' 
 Perforation of the sclerotica in the operation for 
 cataract by depression. 
 
 SCLEROTICUS, Indurans. 
 
 SCLEROTIQUE, Sclerotic. 
 
 SCLEROTIS, Sclerotic. 
 
 SCLEROTI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Sclerot'iccp,,Leu- 
 ci'tis, Lonchadi' tis, Logadi'tis, Scleri'tis, Sclero- 
 citi'tis, Rheuwat'ic ophthal'mia, Op>hthal'mia ar- 
 thrit'ica, from sclerotica, and itis, denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the sclerotic coat 
 of the eye. 
 
 SCLEROTIUM CLAVUS, see Ergot. 
 
 SCLERUNTICUS, Indurans. 
 
 SCLERUS, Induration, Scirrhus. 
 
 SCLERYNTICUS, Indurans. 
 
 SCLERYS'MA, from ckXvpos, ' hard.' Indura- 
 tion ; also, induration of the liver. 
 
 SCLERYSMUS, Scleriasis. 
 
 SCLIRUS, Scirrhus. 
 
 SCLOPETA'RIUS, from sclopetnm, 'a gun.' 
 Relating to a gun. Hence, Aqua sclopeta'ria, a 
 water for gunshot wounds. Vid'nera sclopeta'ria, 
 gunshot wounds, &c. 
 
 SCLOPETOPLAG^, Wounds, gunshot. 
 
 SCOBS, Prisma, Xysma, Ramen'tum, Rasu'ra. 
 A shaving ; also, an alkali ; and the scoria of any 
 metal. 
 
 SCCENANTHUM, Juncus odoratus. 
 
 SCOLECESIS, Helminthiasis. 
 
 SCOLECIASIS, Helminthiasis. 
 
 SCOLEX, Ascaris lumbricoides. 
 
 SCOLIOMA, Scoliosis. 
 
 SCOLIO'SIS, Scolio'ma, Skolio'sis, Rhaehio- 
 scolio'ma, from o-xo^iof, 'crooked.' A distortion 
 of the spine to one side. See Hump. 
 
 SCOLOPENDRA, Asplenium seolopendriura. 
 
 SCOLOPENDRIA, Asplenium eeterach, and 
 A. scolopendrium. 
 
 SCOLOPENDRIUM LINGUA, Asplenium 
 scolopendrium — s. Ofiicinarum, Asplenium sco- 
 lopendrium — s. Phyllitis, Asplenium scolopen- 
 drium — s. Ruta muraria, Asplenium ruta muraria 
 
 — s. Vulgare, Asplenium scolopendrium. 
 SCOLOPOMACH^'RION,from (rKo>o^a|, 'the 
 
 woodcock,' and fia'x^aipa, 'a knife;' so called be- 
 cause it is bent a little at the extremity like a 
 woodcock's bill, A sort of blunt-pointed bistoury. 
 
 — Scultetus. 
 
SCOLTMUS SATIVUS 
 
 828 
 
 SCROPHUL.E 
 
 SCOLYMUS SATIVUS, Cynara scolymus. 
 
 SCOOP, Teut. Schoepe, Cochlea're, (F.) 
 Curette. A surgical instrument of the shape of 
 a spoon, which is used for the extraction of cer- 
 tain foreign bodies. The scoop is often employed 
 to extract balls impacted in the soft parts; to re- 
 move calculi from the urinary bladder in lithoto- 
 my, &c. A small scoop is sometimes used to 
 extract foreign bodies from the meatus auditorius 
 externus, nasal fossae, &c. 
 
 SCOP, Head, Scalp. 
 
 SCOPA REGIA, Ruscus. 
 
 SCOPARIUS, see Spartium scoparium. 
 
 SCOPE, cKozi], Scopy, Scop'ia, Scopna, from 
 dKo-eia, ' I look around.' A common suffix to 
 words meaning 'view, inspection,' as avaxAoscopy, 
 stetho«eo;o!/, <fcc. 
 
 SCOPOLINA ATROPOIDES, Hyoscyamus 
 scopolia. 
 
 SCOPTULA, Scopula. 
 
 SCOPULA, Brush. 
 
 SCOR, Excrement. 
 
 SCORACRATI'A, Scoraera'sia, Scatacra'sia, 
 Scatacrati'a, Copracrati'a, Copraera'sia, Inconti- 
 nen'tia Alvi, from cKtop, ' excrement,' and a/cparia, 
 'want of control.' Want of power to retain the 
 fseces. Involuntary evacuation of the fseees. 
 
 SCOR BUT, Porphyra nautica, Purpura hse- 
 morrhagica — s.des Alpes, Pellagra — «. de Terre, 
 Purpura hasmorrhagica. 
 
 SCORE D'TIC, Scorbti'tieus, (P.) Seorbutlqne, 
 Trom scorbutus, 'scurvy.' That which belongs to 
 scurvy. One affected with scurvy. 
 
 SCORBUTUS, Purpura— s. Alpinus, Pellagra 
 — s. Xauticus, Porphyra nautica — s. Oris, Cancer 
 aquatieus. 
 
 SCORDINEMA. Carebaria, Pandiculation. 
 
 SCORDINISMUS, Carebaria, Pandiculation. 
 
 SCORDIUM, Teuerium scordium. 
 
 SCORDON, Allium. 
 
 SCORDOSMINE, Osyd, cystic. 
 
 SCORITH, Sulphur. 
 
 SCORIUM. Scrotum. 
 
 SCORODON, Allium. 
 
 SCORPIODEX'IS, from (TKopvio;, 'the scor- 
 pion,' and Sri^is, 'bite:' — more properly, Scorpi- 
 ostig'sia; from aKoprtos, and anyiia, 'puncture.' 
 The sting of the scorpion. 
 
 SCOR'PIOX, Scor'pio, Scorpiu^, from crKopmoio, 
 'I enrage.' A genus of insects having a sting 
 at the extremity of their tail, with which they 
 make dangerous wounds. An Oil of Scorpion 
 was once made from them, which is not now used. 
 
 SCORPIOSTIGMA, Scorpiodexis. 
 
 SCORPIUS, Scorpion. 
 
 SCORTUM. Scrotum. 
 
 SCORZONE'RA, S. hu'niiUs seu lana'ta seu 
 nervo'sa, Eseorzone'ra, from scurzo, old Spanish 
 for a viper, Vipera'ria, Serpenta'ria Ilispan'ica, 
 Offi,c"innl viper's grass. Viper's grass, Goat's 
 grass. Family, Cichoraceae. Sex. Syst. Synge- 
 nesia Polygamia. The roots have been used as 
 alexipharmics, and in hypochondriacal disorders 
 and obstructions of the viscera. The root of the 
 Soorzonera Hispan'iea is esculent, but ineffica- 
 cious as a drug. 
 
 SCOTAS'MA, Scoto'ma, Scoto'dia, Scoto'sis, 
 Scotos ; from oKOTOf, 'darkness.' Obscurity of 
 vision, darkness, Sufu'sio ra'dians. Also Sco- 
 todinia. 
 
 SCOTCH FIDDLE, Psora. 
 
 SCOTODIA, Scotasma, Scotodinia. 
 
 SCOTODIN'IA, Scoto'ma, Dinus Scoto'ma, Sco- 
 todi'ne, Tenebrieo'sa verti'go, Scotos, Scotas'ma, 
 Scoto'sis, Scot'omy, from okoto;, 'darkness,' and 
 hvc^o, 'I turn round.' Giddiness, with impaired 
 sight, often succeeded by headach. See Vertigo. 
 
 SCOTOMA, Scotasma, Scotodinia. 
 
 SCOTOMY, Scotodinia. 
 
 SCOTOS, Scotasma, Scotodinia. 
 
 SCOTOSIS, Scotodinia. 
 
 SCOTT'S ACID BATH, Nitro-muriatic acid 
 bath. A bath of dilute aqua regia, employed by 
 Dr. Scott, of India, as a remedy in hepatic dis- 
 eases. Three pints by measure of muriatic acid, 
 and two of nitric acid, are mixed to form th^ 
 aqua regia. In preparing this for use, a pint of 
 it is mixed with an equal quantity of water. 
 The acid bath consists of three ounces of this 
 dilute acid to every gallon of water. 
 
 SCOUR, Diarrhoea. 
 
 SCOURING, Diarrhoea. 
 
 SCRAT, Hermaphrodite, Psora. 
 
 SCRATCH, Psora. 
 
 SCREATUS, Excreation. 
 
 SCRIPLUM, Scruple. 
 
 SCRIPTIUM, Scruple. 
 
 SCRIPTULUM, Scruple. 
 
 SCRIPULUxAI, Scruple. 
 
 SCRIPULUS, Scruple. 
 
 SCRIVENER'S CRAMP, Cramp, writers'. 
 
 SCROBIC'ULUS, Scrobic'ulum, (F.) Fossette. 
 A little ditch or furrow; diminutive of scrobs, 
 ' a ditch.' 
 
 ScROBIc'tTLtTS Cordis, Anticar'dium, Procar'- 
 dium, (F.) Fossette du cceur, Avant-cceur, Anti- 
 coeur. Tlie pit of the stomach. The depression 
 at the anterior part of the abdomen, below the 
 xiphoid cartilage. 
 
 ScROBicuLus VartoLjE, Pockmark. 
 
 SCROFF^, Scrofula. 
 
 SCROF'ULA, Scroph'ula, Scroph'idw ; from 
 scrofa, 'a sow;' as Choeras is from y^oipo^, 'a hog,' 
 because swine were presumed to be subject to a 
 similar complaint. Scrophulo'sis, Morbus scrophu- 
 lo'sus, Yit"ium scrophulo' sum, Cacockym'ia seu 
 Cachex'ia seu Dyscra'sia scrophulo'sa, Pcsda 
 troph'ia glandulo'sa. Struma, Chopras, Coirns, 
 Tabes Glandnla'ris, Adeno'sis serofulo'sa, ScroffcR, 
 King's evil, The Evil, Quince, Cruela (Scottice), 
 (F.) Scrophules, Scrofules, Strumes, EcrouelleSf 
 Humeurs froides, Tubercules des glandes lympha- 
 tiques, JIal du Roi. A state of the system cha- 
 racterized by indolent, glandular tumours, chiefly 
 in the neck; suppurating slowly and imperfectly, 
 and healing with difficulty^ the disease ordinarily 
 occurring in those of a sanguine temperament, 
 with thick upper lip, <fee. The tumours, after 
 suppuration, degenerate into ulcers ; which, in 
 process of time, cicatrize, leaving scars. The 
 internal organs are apt to be attacked in those 
 disposed to scrofula; hence they are often the 
 subjects of phthisis and mesenteric affections. 
 Scrofula is hereditary; and is frequently excited 
 by insufficient or improper regimen, and by a 
 close, confined air during the first years of exist- 
 ence. The best treatment is : — to strengthen tho 
 system by animal diet ; pure air, and exercise, 
 cold bathing, or sea-water bathing, <fec. 
 
 Scrofula Abdominalis Interna, Physconia 
 strumosa. 
 
 SCROFULAIRE, Scrophularia nodosa — 9. 
 Aquatiqne, Scrophularia aquatica. 
 SCROFULARIA, Scrophularia. 
 SCROFULES, Scrofula. 
 SCROFULEUX, Scrofulous. 
 SCROF'ULOUS, Serophido' sus, Seroph\da'r{us, 
 Strumous, Strumo'sits, (F.) Scro/uleux, Strumeux. 
 Suffering from, or relating to, scrofula. 
 SCROOBY-GRASS, Cochlearia officinalis. 
 SCROOF, Scarf. 
 
 SCROG-LEGGED, Cnemoscoliosis. 
 SCROPHULA, Scrofula— s.Mesenterica, Tabes 
 mesenterica — s. Moluccana, Framboesia. 
 
 SCROPHULA, Scrofula— s. GonorrhoicEe, Go- 
 norrhoea impura. 
 
SCROPHULARIA 
 
 829 
 
 SEBACEOUS 
 
 SCROPHULA'RIA, from scrofula, against 
 ■which it has been employed. S. Nodosa. 
 
 Scrophula'riA Aquat'icA, Beton'ica nquat'- 
 ica, Fica'ria, Ferra'ria, Castrau'c/ula, Greater 
 Water Figwort, Water Bet'ony, (F.) Scrnfulaire 
 aqnatiqw?. Ord. Scrophulariacese. The leaves 
 are celebrated as correctors of the bad flavour 
 of senna. They were at one time regarded as 
 eminently antiscrofulous, stomachic, and carmi- 
 native. 
 
 ScROPHULAHiA FcETiDA, Scrophularia nodosa 
 — s. Lanceolata, S. Nodosa — s. Marilandica, S. 
 Nodosa — s. Minor, Ranunculus ficaria. 
 
 Scrophula'ria Nodosa, S.foe.'tida seu vidga'- 
 ris seu laiieeola'ta seu Marilnn'dica, 3Iillemor'- 
 hia, Scrophula'ria, Figwort, Kennelwort, Holmes- 
 weed, Heal-all, (F.) Scrofidaire, Herhe aiix ecrou- 
 elles. The root and leaves of this plant have 
 been celebrated, both as an internal and external 
 remedy, against inflammations, piles, scrofulous 
 tumours, ulcers, &c. 
 
 Scrophularia Vulgaris, Scrophularia nodosa. 
 SCROPHULARIUS, Scrofulous. 
 SCROPHULES, Scrofula — *. 3Iesenteriques, 
 Tabes mesenterica. 
 
 SCROPHULOSIS, Scrofula. 
 SCROPHULOSUS, Scrofulous. 
 SCROTAL, Scrota' lis ; from scrotum. Relating 
 to the scrotum, — as Hernia acrota'lia, scrotal 
 hernia. 
 
 Scrotal Nerve, see Genito-crural Nerve. 
 SCROTOCE'LE, Oscheocele, Oschocele. A 
 hybrid term ; from (L.) scrotum, and KiXr;, 'a tu- 
 mour.' Hernia Scrota'lis, Scrotal her'nia. In- 
 guinal hernia, descending into the scrotum. 
 
 SCROTUM, from scorteus, scorteum, 'made of 
 leather* [?]. Scu'rium, Osche, Os'cheus, Os'chus, 
 Oscv-s, Os'cheon, Och'eus, Perin, Scortum, 3farsu'- 
 pium, Bur'sula, Bursa tes'tium seu viri'lis, Cap' - 
 vhts [?], Orchas, Follic'uliis genita' lis, Her'nia, the 
 Purse, the Cod, (F.) Les bourses. The integu- 
 ments which cover the testes. These are nothing 
 more than a prolongation of the skin of the inner 
 part of the thighs, perinaeum, and penis. The 
 skin is remarkable for its brown colour, for the 
 numerous rugae, especially when the scrotum is 
 contracted ; for the great number of sebaceous 
 follicles it contains; and for the long and few 
 hairs which issue from it in the adult. The scro- 
 tum is divided into two equal parts by a raphe, 
 which extends from the anus to the root of the 
 penis. Its organization is similar to that of the 
 skin of other parts of the body, except that the 
 chorion is thinner. 
 
 Scrotum Cordis, Pericardium — s. Pendulum, 
 Rhachosis. 
 
 SCRUBIE, Purpura nautica. 
 SCRUBIE-GRASS, Cochlearia officinalis. 
 SCRUPLE, Dioh'olon, Grnmma'rium, Scru'- 
 pulus, Scru'pidum, Scrip'tulus, Scrip'tulum, 
 Scrip'tium, Scrip'ulum, Scriplum, Scrip'idus. A 
 weight of twenty grains, Troy; twenty-four 
 grains, Poids de marc. 
 
 SCUDAMORE'S MIXTURE, see Mixture, 
 Scudamore's. 
 
 SCULL, Cranium — s. Cap, Calvaria. 
 SCURF, Sax. rcui»F, Teut. Schorft; (Prov.) 
 Scroof, Fiir'fura. Small exfoliations of the cu- 
 ticle are so called. 
 
 SCURFY, Furfuraceous. 
 
 SCURVY OF THE ALPS, Pellagra— s. Land, 
 Purpura hemorrhagica — s. Petechial, Purpura 
 simplex — s. Sea, Porphyra nautica. 
 
 SCURVY GRASS, Sisyrinehium Bermudia- 
 num — s. Grass, common, Cochlearia officinalis — 
 s. Grass, lemon, Cochlearia officinalis — s. Grass, 
 wild, Cochlearia coronopus. 
 SCUTELLA, Cup. 
 
 SCUTELLARIA CAROLINIANA, S. integri- 
 folia. 
 
 Scutella'ria Galericula'ta, from scutella, 
 'a cup,' in allusion to the form of the calj'x. 
 Cass'ida galaricula'ta, Tertiana'rin, S/cull-cnj), 
 (F.) Cnsside hleue, Toque. Ord. Labiatas. Sex. 
 Syst. Didynamia Angiospermia. This plant has 
 a bitter taste and a garlic smell. It has been 
 esteemed especially serviceable in tertian ague. 
 
 Scutellaria Hyssopifolia, S. integrifolia. 
 
 Scutellaria Integrifo'lia, S. hyssopifo'lia 
 seu Carollnia'na, — another indigenous variety, — 
 is an intense bitter. 
 
 Scutella'ria Lateriflo'ra, SkuU-cap, Mad- 
 dog skullcap, 3Iadweed, Hoodwort, Blue Pimp'- 
 ernel. An indigenous plant, which grows in all 
 parts of the United States in moist places. It 
 was at one time esteemed a preventive of hj-dro- 
 phobia, but is probably possessed of little virtue 
 of any kind. By some, however, it is regarded 
 as a good nervine. 
 
 SCUTICULA DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha- 
 langes of the fingers. 
 
 SCUTTER, Diarrhcea. 
 
 SCUTUL^ DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha- 
 langes of the fingers. 
 
 SCUTUM, Thyroid cartilage — s. Cordis, Sca- 
 pula, Sternum — s. Genu, Patella — s. Pectoris, 
 Sternum, Thorax. 
 
 Scutum Stomach'icum. A large plaster, ap- 
 plied to the breast or stomach. 
 
 Scutum Thoracis, Scapula. 
 
 SCYB'ALA, plural of (r/cu/3aXov, 'dung.' Ente- 
 rol'ithus Scyb'alum, Excrementa Alvi siccio'ra, 
 FcBces indura'tm. Hard fecal matters discharged 
 in round lumps. 
 
 SCYLLA, Seilla. 
 
 SCYPHOPHORUS PYXIDATUS, Lichen 
 pyxidatus. 
 
 SCYPHUS AUDITORIUS, Infundibulum of 
 the cochlea — s. Cerebri, Infundibulum of the 
 brain — s. Vieussenii, Infundibulum of the cochlea 
 
 SCYROS, Callosity. 
 
 SCYTALIDES DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha- 
 langes of the fingers. 
 
 SCYTHICA, (RADIX,) Glyeyrrhiza. 
 
 SCYTHROPASMUS, from aKvBpoi, 'gloomy;' 
 OKvOpuma^uv, ' to look gloomy;' Vultus tet'ricus et 
 mcestus. A gloomy, depressed countenance, of 
 bad augury in serious diseases 
 
 SCYTITIS, Cytitis. 
 
 SCYTODEPSIUM, Tannin. 
 
 SEA AIR. The air in the neighbourhood of 
 the sea contains saline particles commingled with 
 it, which render it a valuable change for scrofu- 
 lous and debilitated individuals. The sea and 
 sea-coast are usually, also, more equable in their 
 temperature than places inland. 
 
 SEA SICKNESS, Nausea marina. 
 
 SEA-WARE, see Pila marina — s. Water, see 
 Water, sea. 
 
 SEAL, GOLDEN, Hydrastis Canadensis — s. 
 Solomon's, Convallaria polygonatum — s. Solo- 
 mon's, great, Convallaria canaliculata — s. Solo- 
 mon's, smaller, Convallaria pubescens. 
 
 SEAM, Cicatrix. 
 
 SEARCHER, Body searcher. 
 
 SEARCHING, Sounding; from (F.) chercher, 
 'to seek.' The operation of ascertaining, by the 
 introduction of a metallic instrument, whether 
 there is a stone in the bladder. 
 
 SEASONING, Acclimation — s. Fever, Fever, 
 stranger's. 
 
 SEAT, Anus — s. Bone, Ischion. 
 
 SEBACE, Sebaceous. 
 
 SEBA'CEOUS, Seha'ceus, (F.) Sebace ; from 
 sebum, 'suet.' That which has the nature of 
 suet. 
 
SEBASTOMANIA 
 
 830 
 
 SEDIMENT 
 
 Sebaceous Flux, Stearrhosa. 
 Sebaceous, Sebip'arous or Sebip'erous 
 Glands, Sebaceous FoVliclen or Crypts, FolUc'uU 
 seba'cei, Cryptm seba'cetp, Oil or Mil'iary glands, 
 are small hollow organs, of a rounded or pyriform 
 shape, seated in the substance of the skin, and 
 opening on its surface by a small, excretory duct; 
 furnishing a yellow, unctuous humour, Smegma 
 cHta'neum, Sebum cuta'neum, having some analogy 
 with suet, which is destined to lubricate the sur- 
 face of the body. Follicles of a similar nature 
 exist around the corona glandis of the male, and 
 under the skin of the labia majora and nymphfe 
 of the female. They secrete a sebaceous matter, 
 which emits a peculiar odour ; and hence, after 
 the name of those who described them, have been 
 called Gland' ulm odon/'er<B Tyso'ni, G. Tyso'ni, 
 Glandi.d(B Littria'ncB seu Littrii, Tyson's glands, 
 (F.) Glandes de Litfre ; and, also, GlandtdoB odo- 
 rifera seu sebacea glandis, G. cor'oncB penis, 
 FolUc'uU seba'cei corona glandis, Glandulm odo- 
 ri/'ereB prcepu'tii. 
 
 SEBASTOMA'NIA, from trt^aaTos, 'worship- 
 ped,' and mania. Religious insanity, Demono- 
 mania. 
 
 SEBESTE'NA, Cordin myxa seu sebeste'na seu 
 Africd'na seu domes'tica seu obli'qua, Sebeste'na 
 officina'lis, Seb'esten, Sebsten, Myxa, Cornus snn- 
 guin'ea, Prunus sebesti'na. Smooth-leaved Cor'- 
 dia, Assyr'ian plum, (F.) Sebestier myxa. Ord. 
 Cordiaceae. The dark, black fruit of the Sebes- 
 tina possesses glutinous and aperient qualities, 
 and is exhibited, in decoction, in various diseases 
 of the chest. 
 
 SEBESTIER MYXA, Sebestena. 
 SEBIFEROUS, see Sebaceous. 
 SEBIPAROUS, see Sebaceous. 
 SEBORRHAGIA, Stearrhoea. 
 SEBORRHCEA, Stearrhoea. 
 SEBSTEN, Sebestina. 
 
 SEBUM, Pinguedo, Sevum — s. Cutaneum, see 
 Sebaceous glands — s. Palpebrale, Ghassie — s. 
 Pr»putiale, Smegma prseputii. 
 
 SECA'LE, S. cerea'le seu barba'tum. The Rye 
 plant. (F.) Seigle. Ord. Gramineae. Rye is 
 chiefly used as an article of diet, particularly in 
 the northern parts of Europe, where a spirit is 
 also extracted from it. The grain is disposed to 
 acescency : and hence its internal use at first 
 generally produces a laxative effect. 
 
 Secale Bakbatuh, Secale — s. Cornutum, Er- 
 got — s. Luxurians, Ergot — s. Maternum turgidum 
 seu temulentum. Ergot. 
 
 SEGALIS MATER, Ergot. 
 SECATEUR DES AMYGDALES, Amygda- 
 latome. 
 
 SECERNENT, Secreting. 
 SECERNING, Secreting— s. Substance of the 
 kidney, see Kidney. 
 
 SECESSIO FiECUM, Defecation. 
 SECBSSUS NIGER, Melaena. 
 SEGHE, Sepia- 
 SECLUSORIUM, Sac. 
 
 SECONDARY, from secundus, 'the second.' 
 Something that acts subordinately to another ; 
 as the secondary symptoms of a disease; that is, 
 those which supervene on the primary. A se- 
 condary amputation is one performed after the 
 constitutional effects of an injury have mainly 
 passed away. See Fever, secondary ; and Hae- 
 morrhagia, for Secondary Hemorrhao-e. 
 SECONDINES, Secundines. 
 SECRETA. Same etymon as Secretion. Things 
 or matters secreted or separated from the blood. 
 SECRE'TING, Secreto' rins, Secer'ning, Se'- 
 eern'ent, Excer'nent, (F.) Secreteur, Secretoire. 
 Same etymon as Secretion. That which secretes, 
 — as a secreting organ. 
 
 SECRETIO, Secretion— s. Lactis, Galaetosis— 
 s. Lotii, Uropoesis — s. Urinae, Uropoesis — s. Vi- 
 caria, see Vicarious. 
 
 SECRE'TION, Secre'tio, Apoc'risis; from te- 
 cernere, secretum, 'to separate.' An organic func- 
 tion, which is chiefly executed in the glands, and 
 consists in an elaboration or separation of the 
 materials of the blood, at the very extremities of 
 the arterial system, or rather of the vascular se- 
 cretory sj'stem ; and which differs in each organ 
 according to its particular structure ; hence the 
 formation of different fluids; — bile, saliva, urine, 
 milk, &e. The secretions are of three kinds: — 
 exhalant, follicular, and glandular. Simple se- 
 cretions are those which exist ready-formed in 
 the blood, and pass out of the vessels by an act 
 of exosmose, whilst the more complicated arc 
 formed from the liquor sanguinis by cell-agency. 
 The latter, alone, are, by some, called Secretions. 
 
 SECRETOIRE, Secreting, 
 
 SECRETORIUS, Secreting. 
 
 SECT, METHODICAL, Methodists. 
 
 SEC'TIO, Section. The act of cutting. A di- 
 vision. 
 
 Sectio Alta, see Lithotomy — s. Anatomica, 
 Dissection — s. Cadaveris, Autopsia cadaverica— 
 s. Cadaveris legalis, Autopsia cadaverica — s. Cae- 
 sarea. Cesarean section — s. Franconiana, see 
 Lithotomy — s. Hypogastrica, see Lithotomy — s. 
 Lateralis, see Lithotomy — s. Legalis, Autopsia 
 cadaverica legalis — s. Mariana, see Lithotomy — 
 s. Nympharum, Nymphotomy — s. Perinaealis, 
 Perineal section — s. Rectovesicalis, see Lithotomy 
 — s. Renalis, Nephrotomy — s. Tendinum, Teno- 
 tomy — s. Vagino-vesicalis, Colpocystotomia — s 
 Vesicalis, Lithotomy. 
 
 SECTION, Sectio — s. Sigaultian, Symphyse. 
 otoray. 
 
 SECUNDiE, Secundines. 
 
 SECUNDIN^, Secundines. 
 
 SECUNDINES, Hys'tera, Deuter'ion, Metra, 
 Secnn'dce, Secnndi'nm, After-birth, (F.j Arriire- 
 faix, Secondines, Delivre, from secundare, {secun- 
 dus, 'second.') 'to follow.' All that remains in 
 the uterus after the birth of the child, — viz., the 
 placenta, a portion of the umbilical cord, and the 
 membranes of the ovum. These are commonly 
 not expelled till some time after the birth of the 
 foetus; hence their name. See Delivrance. 
 
 SECUNDUS PROPRIORUM AURICULA, 
 Retrahens auris. 
 
 SEDANTIA, Sedatives. 
 
 SED'ATIVES, Sedati'va, Pauon'ta, Sedan'tia, 
 Adec'ta, Catastal'tica, Deprimen'tia, (F.) Seda- 
 tifs, Calmnnts, Temperants, from sedare, sedatiim, 
 ' to settle or assuage.' Medicines which directly 
 depress the vital forces, and which are conse- 
 quently employed whenever it is necessary to 
 diminish preternaturally increased action. The 
 chief reputed sedatives are: Acidum Hydrocya- 
 nicum, Acidum Hydro-sulphuricum, Tabacum, 
 Missio Sanguinis, and certain gases by inhalation, 
 as azote, carbonic acid [?], carburetted and sul- 
 phuretted hydrogen. 
 
 SEDEM ATTOLLENS, Levator ani. 
 
 SEDES, Anus, Excrement — s. Cruentse, Dy- 
 sentery, Haematochezia — s. Lactescentes, Cceliac 
 flux — s. Procidua, Proctocele. 
 
 SEDHEE, Bangue. 
 
 SED'IMENT, Sedimen'tum, Lemma, Residen'- 
 tia. Same etymon. (F.) Depot. A deposit formed 
 by the precipitation of some one or more of the 
 substances held in solution or suspension by a 
 liquid. That which is formed in urine, at the 
 time of cooling, has been called Hypos'tasis, Hy- 
 poste'ma, Residen'tia, Subsiden'tia, (F.) DepSt de 
 I'urine. This sediment or deposit varies in dif- 
 ferent states of the system. In calculous affec- 
 
SEDIMENTUM 
 
 31 
 
 SELTZ 
 
 lions, it is one of the most important objects of 
 attention. 
 
 SEDIMENTUM, Sediment — s. Urinae lateri- 
 cium, see Lateritious — s. Urinae pityro'ides, see 
 Furfuraceous. 
 
 SEDITIA, Nates. 
 
 SEDLITZ, MINERAL WATERS OF, Seid- 
 Ittz water. Springs in Bohemia, near Prague, 
 which are simple salines. They contain sulphate 
 and carbonate of magnesia, chiefly chloride of 
 magnesium, sulphates of potassa, soda, and lime, 
 carbonic acid and carbonate of lime. They are 
 employed as purgatives in a multitude of diseases. 
 Artificial Sedlitz Powders, in no respect, 
 however, resembling the natural ingredients, are 
 formed of Sodte et Potassa tartras 3'j> Sodcp. car- 
 bon. Qij, in one paper; Acid tartaric, gr. xxxv, 
 in another. For half a pint of water. 
 
 SEDON BRULANT, Sedum — «. Reprise, 
 Sedum telephium. 
 
 SEDUM, S. acre seu glacia'le sen minus seu 
 vermicnla' re, from sedeo, ' I sit,' owing to its at- 
 tachment to rocks and walls. Illec"ehra, Hel- 
 lec"ebra, Illec" ebrum, Vermicida're, Vermicula'- 
 ris, Pijjer mura'le, Sempervi'vum acre, Aei'chry- 
 ton, ^o'nion. Wall pepper, Jack of the But'tery, 
 Pricket, Bird's bread. Stone crop. Biting Stone 
 crop, Small Houseleek, (F.) Joubarbe acre. Orpin 
 br&lant, Vermiculaire brulante, Sedan bridant. 
 Ord. Crassulaceae. Sex.Syst. Decandria Penta- 
 gynia. In its recent state it is very acrid, and 
 proves both emetic and cathartic. Externally, 
 in the form of cataplasm, it produces vesications 
 and erosions. It has been recommended in can- 
 cerous and malignant ulcers. 
 
 Sedom, Saxifraga granulata — s. Glaciale, Se- 
 dum — s. Majus, Sempervivum tectorum — s. Mi- 
 nus, Sedum. 
 
 Sedum TELE'PHiuir, S. telephotdes, Faba erassa, 
 Cras'snla, G. Major, Illec" ebra major, Tele'phium, 
 Fnba'ria cras'sula, Faba erassa, Anacamp'seros, 
 A. aUbicnns seu triphyll'a seu vulga'ris. Orpine, 
 (F.) Sedan reprise. Grand orpin, Feve epaisse, 
 Joubarbe dea vignes, &c. Formerl}' used as a 
 cataplasm in cuts, hemorrhoids, corns, whitlows, 
 &c. 
 
 Sedum Telephoides, S. Telephium — s. Vermi- 
 culare, Sedum. 
 SEED, Sperm. 
 
 SEGMENTA CARTILAGINEA, see Trachea. 
 SEGMENTATION, Segmenta'tio, from Lat. 
 segmentum, 'a segment,' itself from seco, 'to cut.' 
 The act of being divided into segments or por- 
 tions. (F.) Segmentation, Fractionnemeut, Sillon- 
 nenient. A term applied to the division of the 
 vitellus or yolk into 'segments;' each containing 
 a transparent vesicle, which maybe a descendant 
 of the primordial or germ cell. 
 
 SEGNIT"IA, Segnit"iea, from segnis, ' slug- 
 gish.' Sluggishness or torpor in the exercise of 
 a function : — as Segnities Alvi, Torpor of the 
 bowels; Segnities Virium, Languor. 
 SEGNITIES, Segnitia. 
 
 SEGRAY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Near 
 Pithiviers, in Gatinais, in the French department 
 of Loiret, there is a chalybeate spring, which has 
 some reputation. 
 SEGU, Sago. 
 SEIDLITZ, Sedlitz. 
 
 SEIDSCHUTZ, SEYDSCHUTZ or SAID- 
 SCHiJTZ, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bitter 
 springs, in the neighbourhood of those of Piillna 
 and Sedlitz, in Bohemia, which contain chiefly 
 sulphate, nitrate, muriate, and carbonate of 
 magnesia, sulphates of potassa, soda, and lime; 
 carbonate of lime, iron and manganese. The 
 water is an excellent cathartic, and is well known 
 in Europe. 
 
 SEIGLE, Secale — 8. Corjin, Ergot — s. Cor- 
 rompn. Ergot — s. d Eperon, Ergot — s. Ergotee, 
 Ergot — s. Ergot ise. Ergot — «. Faux, Ergot. 
 
 SEIN, Uterus, see Mamma. 
 
 SEIRIASIS, Coup de Soleil. 
 
 SEIZURES, HIDDEN, see Hidden seizures. 
 
 SEKISKAYAVODKA, see Spirit. 
 
 SEL, Salt — «. Admirable de Lemery, Magnesia 
 sulphas — 8. Admirable perle. Soda, phosphate of 
 — s. Ammoniac, Ammoniae murias — «. Armeniac, 
 Ammonia murias — s. Arsenical de ifacquer, Ar- 
 seniate of protoxide of potassium — s. de Cuisine, 
 Soda, muriate of — s. de Derosne, Narcotine — s. 
 d'Egra, Magnesias sulphas — «. de Lait, Sugar of 
 Milk — s. Marin, Soda, muriate of — s. d' Opium, 
 Narcotine — s.d'Oseille Potassae oxalas — s. de 
 Saturne, Plumbi superacetas — s. de Verre, see 
 Vitrum — s. Volatil d'Angleterre, Ammoniag car- 
 bonas. 
 
 SELAGO, Camphorosma Monspeliaca, Lyco- 
 podium selago. 
 
 SELENE, Moon, see Nail. 
 
 SELENIASIS, Somnambulism. 
 
 SELBNIASMUS, Somnambulism. 
 
 SELENOBLETUS, Lunatic. 
 
 SELENOGAMIA, Somnambulism. 
 
 SELERY, Apium graveolens. 
 
 SELF-ABUSE Masturbation. 
 
 SELF-HEAL, Prunella. 
 
 SELF-LIM'ITED. An epithet applied to dis- 
 eases which appear to run a definite course, but 
 little modified by treatment, — small-pox, for 
 example. 
 
 SELF-POLLUTION, Masturbation. 
 
 SELI'BRA, Semili'bra, Sembella, 'half a 
 pound.' Six ounces, Troy; eight Avoirdupois. 
 
 SELINI'TES, asXivtrrii. Wine impregnated 
 with the seeds of the ctKivov or smallage. — Dios- 
 corides. 
 
 SELINUM ANGELICA, Angelica Sylvestris 
 
 — s. Galbanum, Bubon galbanum — s. Impera- 
 toria, Imperatoria — s. Lactescens, Peucedanum 
 palustre — s. Marsh, Peucedanum palustre — s 
 Opoponax, Pastinaca opoponax — s. Oreoselinum 
 Athamanta aureoselinum — s. Ostruthium, Impe 
 ratoria — s. Palustre, Peucedanum palustre — s 
 Pastinaca, Pastinaca sativa — s. Peucedanum, Pen 
 cedanum — s. Pubescens, Angelica sylvestris — s 
 Sylvestre, Angelica sylvestris, Peucedanum palus- 
 tre — s. Thysselinum, Peucedanum palustre. 
 
 SELLA, S. Turcica — s. Equina, S. Turcica — 
 s. Familiarica, Lasanum — s. Obstetricia, Diphrus 
 
 — s. Sphenoidalis, S. Turcica. 
 
 Sella Tur'cica, Ephip'pium, Fossa Pitnita'- 
 riii, Sella, S. equi'na seu sphenoida'lis, Pitu'itary 
 fossa, Turkish Saddle, (F.) Selle Turcique ou 
 du Turc. A depression at the upper surface of 
 the sphenoid bone, which is bounded, anteriorly 
 and posteriorly, by the clinoid processes, and 
 lodges the pituitary gland. It is so called from 
 its resemblance to a Turkish saddle. The broad 
 rough plate, behind, and somewhat overhanging 
 the Sella Turcica is the Dorsum Ephippii. 
 
 Sella Turcica, Pituitaria fossa. 
 
 SELLE TURCIQUE, Sella Turcica — «. rf« 
 Turc, Sella Turcica. 
 
 SELS NEUTRES, Neutral salts. 
 
 SELTZ or SELTZER, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Cold, acidulous springs, the source of which 
 is at Seltz, nine leagues from Strasburg, and in 
 the Department of the Bas-Rhin. They contain 
 carbonates of lime, magnesia, and soda, chloride 
 of sodium, and much carbonic acid. They are 
 refrigerant, tonic, diuretic, and aperient. 
 
 Artificial Seltzer AVater may be made 
 from muriat. acid. gr. x.xxv, water Oj, white mar- 
 ble gr. iij. Stop up till dissolved. Add carbonate 
 of Magnesia, gr. v, and, after some time, subcar- 
 bonate of soda, gr. xxxij. Close it till used. 
 
SEMBELLA 
 
 832 
 
 SEMINIFEROUS 
 
 SEMBELLA, Selibra. 
 
 SEMECARPUS ANACARDIIIM, Avieemiia 
 tomentosa. 
 
 SEMEIOG'RAPHY, Semeiograph'la, Semio- 
 graphy, Sf.miogra'phia, Sijmptomalog'raphy, from 
 arifitiov, 'a symptom,' and ypa<pn> *a description.' 
 A description of symptoms or signs of disease. 
 
 SEMEIOL'OGY, Semeiot'icl, Semiology, Se- 
 tniotice, Ph(Bnonienolog"ia, from ari^uov, 'a symp- 
 tom,' and Aoyof, 'a discourse.' (P.) Semelotique. 
 The brancli of pathology whose object is the doc- 
 trine of the symptoms or signs of disease. 
 
 SEMEION, Sign — s. Boethematicum, Indica- 
 tion. 
 
 SEMEIOSIS, Semeiology. 
 
 SEMEIOTIQUE, Semeiology. 
 
 SEMEN, Sperm — s. Badian, Illicium anisa- 
 tum — s. CinfB, see Artemisia santonica — s. Con- 
 tra, see Artemisia santonica — s. Contra d'Alejy, 
 Artemisia santonica — s. Contra vermes, Artemi- 
 sia santonica — s. Masculinum sen virile seu geni- 
 tale, Sperm — s. Muliebre, Sperm (of the female) 
 — s. Sanctum, see Artemisia santonica — s. San- 
 tonici, see Artemisia santonica — s. Zedoariae, see 
 Artemisia santonica. 
 
 SEMEJSrCE, Sperm. 
 
 SEMENTINA, Artemisia santonica. 
 
 SEMI, from 'ruttav, 'half.' Semi or demi, in 
 composition, universally signifies ' half;' both in 
 French and English. 
 
 SEMIAN'IMIS, Sem.imor"Um!i, Sem'inex, Se- 
 mivi'vKS ; from semi, 'half,' and animus, 'soul.' 
 Half-living. Half-dead. 
 
 SEMI-BULB OF THE FEMALE, Bulbus 
 vestibuli. 
 
 SEMICANALICULUS, Sulcus. 
 
 SEMICANALIS, Sulcus. 
 
 SEMICEPHALUS, Hemicephalus. 
 
 SEMrOTRCULl OSSEI, Semicircular canals. 
 
 SEMICIRCULAR,.?e)(»c!ccuZa'r("«, From semi, 
 and circidus, 'a circle.' (F.) Demicircidaire. 
 That which represents the half of a circle. 
 
 Sejiicircular Canals, Cana'les seu DuctM 
 semicircida' res seu tubcBform'es seu circiila'res, 
 Semicir'culi os'sei, Fiines seu Canalic'idi semi- 
 nnnula'res lahyriii'thi, (P.) Canaux demicircii- 
 laires. are seated in the pars petrosa of the tem- 
 poral bone, and open into the vestibule, behind 
 which they are situate. They are three in num- 
 ber, of which one is superior or vertical, cnna'lis 
 semicircida' ris vertica'lis supe'rior ; another poste- 
 rior or ohliqne, cana'lis semicircida' ria vertica'lis 
 poste'rior, and the third exterior or horizontal, 
 canalis semicircida' ris horizonta'lis. Their pa- 
 rietes are formed of a bony, compact, hard plate. 
 Their uses in audition are not known : at their 
 termination they have the elliptical arrangements 
 called ampnl'lcB; and by both extremities they 
 open into the vestibule, in the sac at its superior 
 part — the Sac'culus Ellip'ticns, Al'veus sen Utric'- 
 xdus seu Sinus commu'nis, Sinus seu Alveus utri- 
 culo'sus, Sacculus vestibuli or Median sinus, 
 Utricle. In front of the S. ellipticus, nearer the 
 cochlea, and opposite the foramen ovale, is the 
 Sac'culns sphcBr'icus, or Sacculus. 
 
 SEMICIRCULUSEXSCULPTUS, Hiatus dia- 
 phragmatis aorticus. 
 
 SEMICON'GIUS. Half a gallon, or four pints. 
 
 SEMICU'BIUM, Semicupium, Inses'sio, Jn- 
 ces'sio, Eiicathis'ma, Excatliis'ma, (F.) Demibain, 
 from semi, and cuhare, 'to lie down.' A half- 
 bath, or such as receives only the hips or ex- 
 tremities. 
 
 SEMICUPIUM, Bath, half, Semi-cubium. 
 
 SEMI-FIBUL^i^US, Peronseus brevis. 
 
 SEMI-IISITEROSSEUS INDICIS, Abductor 
 indicis. 
 
 Srmi-interosseus Pollicis, Opponens pollicis. 
 
 SEMILIBRA, Selibra. 
 
 SEMILLA DEL GUACHARO. Various kinds 
 of hard and dry fruits, found in the stomachs of 
 the young Guacharoes, a sort of nocturnal bird. 
 The fruits are a celebrated South American 
 remedy in Ague. 
 
 SEMILU'NAR, Semiluna'ris, (F.) Demilu- 
 naire ou Semilunaire, from semi, and luna, ' the 
 moon.' Having the shape of a half-moon. 
 
 Semilunar Cart'ilages, Semilunar fibro-car- 
 tilages, Sigmoid car'tilages, Gartilag"ines sig- 
 moidecp. seu semiluna'res, are two fibro-cartilages, 
 which exist between the condyles of the os femo- 
 ris and the articular surfaces of the tibia. The 
 innermost, which is longer from before to behind 
 than transversely, is nearly semicircular. The 
 outermost forms almost an entire circle; an ar- 
 rangement, in both cases, corresponding to the 
 different surfaces of the tibia. They are thicker 
 at their outer circumference, which is convex, 
 than at the inner, which is concave and very 
 thin. Both are inserted, before and behind, into 
 the spine of the tibia, by means of fibrous fasciae. 
 
 Semilunar Ganglion, — Ganglion abdomina'le 
 seu sp>lanch'nicum seu transver'sum seu sola're, 
 0. surreiial, (Ch.), belongs to the great sympa- 
 thetic. These ganglia present considerable va- 
 riety, and are deeply situate in the abdomen, 
 above and behind the supra-renal capsules. They 
 correspond, posteriorly, to the pillars of the dia- 
 phragm and the aorta. They have the shape of 
 a crescent reversed, often surrounded b}' other 
 ganglia of a smaller size. From their periphery 
 numerous filaments proceed, which go to the for- 
 mation of the solar plexus. 
 
 Semilunar Notch of the Sternum, Fourchetie 
 — s. Valves, Sigmoid valves. 
 
 SEMILUNULA UNGUIUM, see Nail. 
 
 SEMI-MAS, Eunuch. 
 
 SEMIMASCULATUS, Eunuch. 
 
 SEMIMASCULUS, Eunuch. 
 
 SEMIMEMBRANEOUS, Semimembranosus. 
 
 SEMIMEMBRANO'SUS, Semimembrn'neua, 
 (P.) Ischio-popliti-femoral, Ischio-popliti-tibial, 
 (Ch.) Demimembraneux. A muscle situate at the 
 posterior part of the thigh. It is flat, thin, nar- 
 row, and aponeurotic in its upper third ; broader 
 and fleshy in the middle, and tendinous below. 
 It is attached above to the tuberosity of the is- 
 chium ; and below — by a tendon, which has three 
 divisions — to the outer condyle of the femur, and 
 to the posterior and inner part of the internal 
 tuberosity of the tibia. This muscle is a rotator 
 inwards, and a flexor of the leg. It can also bend 
 the thigh upon the leg. In standing it maintains 
 the pelvis in position, and can even draw it down- 
 wards. 
 
 SEMIMORTUUS, Semianimis. 
 
 SEMINA CATAPUTI^ MAJORIS, see Rici- 
 nus communis. 
 
 Se'mina Fuig'ida Majo'ra. The greater cold 
 seeds. The ancients gave this name to the emul- 
 sive seeds of the cucumber, melon, gourd, and 
 water-melon. 
 
 Semina Frigida Mino'ra. The lesser cold seeds. 
 The ancients gave this name to the seeds of the 
 lettuce, purslane, endive, and cichory. 
 
 Semina Ricini Vulgaris, see Ricinus commu- 
 nis. 
 
 SEMINAL, Spermatic— s. Filaments, Sperma- 
 tozoa — s. Fluid, Sperm — s. Granules, see Granule. 
 
 SEMINALE MEMBRUM, Penis. 
 
 SEMINALIS, Spermatic. 
 
 SEMINERVOSUS, Semi-tendinosus. 
 
 SEMIORBICULARIS, Orbicularis oris. 
 
 SEMIPESTIS, Typhus. 
 
 SEMINEX, Semianimis. 
 
 SEMINIA MORBORUM, Predisposition. 
 
 SEMINIF'EROUS, from semen, seminis, 
 'sperm,' and /era, 'I carry.' Spermatoph' orous. 
 
SEMINIST 
 
 833 
 
 SENEGAL 
 
 An epithet given to the vessels which secrete and 
 convey the seminal fluid. 
 SEMINIST, Animalculist. 
 SEMINIUM, Sperm. 
 SEMIOGRAPHY, Semeiography. 
 SEMIOLOGY, Semeiology. 
 • SEMION, Sign. 
 
 SEMIOTICE, Semeiotice — s. Faciei, Physi- 
 ognomy. 
 
 SEMIPLEGIA, Hemiplegia. 
 SEMISEXTUM, Hemieeton. 
 SEMISICIL'ICUS. A weight of one drachm 
 or three scruples. — Rhodius. 
 
 SEMISIDERATIO, Hemiplegia. 
 SEMISIDERATUS, see Hemiplegia. 
 SEMISOMNIS, Coma. 
 SEMISOPITUS, Coma. 
 SEMISOPORUS, Coma. 
 
 SEMISPEC'ULUM. An instrument used for 
 dilating the incision made into the neck of the 
 bladder in the operation of lithotomy. — Fabricius 
 Hildanus. 
 
 SEMISPINA'LIS COLLL Semispma'tits seu 
 transver' so-82»na'li8 seu spina'lis seu transversa'- 
 lis colli, Artie' ulo-spina' lis, Spinalis cervi'cis, 
 Transversospinal, (F.) Dcmi-epineux ou trans- 
 versaire-epineux du cou. This muscle arises from 
 the transverse processes of the six uppermost 
 dorsal vertebrae, by an equal number of distinct 
 tendons, which run obliquely under the com- 
 plexus, and is inserted in the spinous processes 
 of all the cervical vertebrte, except the first and 
 last. Its action is, to extend the neck obliquely 
 backwards and to one side. 
 
 Semispinalis Dorsi, Semi-spinalis externns, 
 Transver'so-sjnnalis dorsi, Semi-spina'tiis, (Rio- 
 Ian), Transversospinal, (F.) Demi-epineux du 
 doe, Transversaire-epineiix du dos. This muscle 
 arises from the transverse processes of the se- 
 venth, eighth, ninth, and tenth dorsal vertebrae, 
 by as many distinct tendons, which soon grow 
 fleshy ; and then again become tendinous, and 
 are inserted into the spinous processes of the 
 sixth or seventh uppermost dorsal, and two low- 
 est cervical vertebrae, by as many tendons. Its 
 action is, to extend the spine obliquely backwards. 
 Semispinalis Externcs, Semi-spinalis dorsi — 
 s. Internus, Transversalis dorsi — s. Spinatus, 
 Longissimus dorsi, Semi-spinalis dorsi. 
 
 SEMISPINATUS COLLL Semispinalis colli. 
 SEMIS'SIS, Semis. The half of a pound, 
 ounce, drachm, &c. 
 
 SEMITENDINO'SUS, Semi-nervn'sus, (F._) Is- 
 cMo-creti-tibial, Ischio-pretibial, (Ch.) Demiien- 
 dineitx, Deminervenx. This muecle is situate at 
 the posterior part of the thigh. It extends 
 obliquely, downwards and inwards, from the tu- 
 berosity of the ischium — to which it is attached 
 by a flat tendon, common to it and the biceps — 
 as far as the posterior and inner part of the tibia, 
 to which it is attached by means of another round 
 tendon. Its fibres are commonly interrupted by 
 an aponeurosis. Its uses are the same as those 
 of the semimembranosus. 
 
 SEMITERTIANA, Hemitritsea. 
 SEMIIINCIA, Hemiuncion. 
 SEMIVIR, Eunuch. 
 SEMIVIVUS, Semianimis. 
 SEM'OLA, BULLOCK'S; a farinaceous ar- 
 ticle of diet, which is recommended as highly 
 nutritious and easily digestible, consequently well 
 adapted for infants and invalids, is said to consist 
 of the gluten of wheat, with a small proportion 
 of starch. Semola and Semolina resemble each 
 other greatly. They appear, indeed, to be iden- 
 tical. 
 
 SEMOLI'NA, Manna croup. This may be 
 made by grinding wheat in an apparatus, sepa- 
 rating the flour from the middlings, dressing the 
 53 
 
 latter four different times in a bolting mill, and 
 sifting through parchment sieves, until the pro- 
 duct is perfectly freed from bran. In Poland, it 
 is called Cracoio groats. 
 
 Semolina is generally imported into England 
 from the Baltic, and in Russia is said to be man- 
 ufactured from buckwheat. It has a granular 
 form like some kinds of oatmeal, a dingy white 
 colour, a farinaceous, somewhat insipid, taste, 
 and is well adapted for the diet of children afi'ect- 
 ed with derangement of the bowels. A recent 
 analysis makes it consist of the gluten of wheat 
 with a certain proportion of the starch, part of 
 the latter having been removed. 
 SEMPERVIVUM ACRE, Sedum. 
 Sempervivum Tecto'rum, S. majus seu tecto'- 
 rum ; from semper, 'always,' and vivo, 'I live,' 
 because always green, A'izoon, Seiahalalen, Bvph- 
 thalmus, Barha Jovis, Agriosin'ara, Andra- 
 chahara, Chrysosper'mum, House-Leek, Sengreen, 
 Feios, Fouets, (Prov.) Cyphel, Jupjiter's Beard, 
 (F.) Jouharbe des toits. The leaves have a mild, 
 subacid austerity, and are often applied to bruises 
 and old ulcers. 
 
 SEMUDA, Betula. 
 SEMUNCIA, Hemiuncion. 
 SENA, Cassia senna. 
 
 SENE, Cassia senna — «. d'Amerique, Cassia 
 Marilandica — s. Faux, Colutea — s. Indighie, Co- 
 lutea — s. des Pres, Grntiola oflScinalis. 
 
 SENEBIERA COKONOPUS, Cochlearia eo- 
 ronopus. 
 
 SENECA OIL, Petroleum, (New York.) 
 SENE'CIO, S. vulga'ris, from senex, 'an old 
 man,' in allusion to the grayish down on many 
 species ; Erig"erum, Cortalon, Frigerov, Ground- 
 sel, Fireweed, (Sc.) Groundie Sioalloio, (P.) Sene- 
 <;on commun. Ord. Compositje. Sex. Syst. Syn- 
 genesia Polygamia Superflua. A common plant 
 in Europe ; frequently applied, bruised, to in- 
 flammations and ulcers, as refrigerant and anti- 
 scorbutic. 
 
 Sene'cio Au'reus, Golden ragweed. Wild va- 
 le'rian. Life root, Squaiv roof ; indigenous. Is 
 an excitant, diaphoretic, and diuretic. The dried 
 plant is used in decoction ; — ^ss to Oj of water. 
 Senecio HiERACiFOLirs, Erechthites hieraci- 
 folius. 
 
 Senecio Jacob^'a, Jacobcc'a, St. James's Wort, 
 Ragwort, (Se.) Bxmwede, Weebo, (F.) Jaeohee. 
 The leaves have a roughish, bitter, subacid, and 
 extremely nauseous taste. A decoction has been 
 used in dysentery. A poultice of the leaves has 
 been recommended in rheumatic affections; and 
 a decoction of the root has often been employed 
 in cases of wounds and bruises. 
 SEN Eg ON C03IMUN, Senecio. 
 SENECTA, Senectus. 
 
 Senec'ta An'ouium. The cast skin of a ser- 
 pent. A decoction of it is said to cure deafness ! 
 Senecta Decrepita, Decrepitude — s. Extre- 
 me, Decrepitude — s. Summa, Decrepitude — s. 
 Ultima, Decrepitude. 
 
 SENECTUS, Senec'ta, from senex, 'an old 
 man ;' Geras, Se'niuw, JEtas seni'lis seu provee'ta 
 seu mala. Old age, Senil'ity, (F.) Viellesse. The 
 last period of life, commencing, according to some, 
 at 60 years of age, — according to M. Flourens at 
 70, — but varying according to numerous circum- 
 stances. It is characterized by progressive dimi- 
 nution of the physical and moral faculties 
 Senectus Ultima, Decrepitude. 
 SENEGA, Polygala senega. 
 SEN'EGAL, GUM, Gummi Sencgalen'se seu 
 Sen'eca seu Sen'ega seu Sen'ica. The exudation 
 from Aea'cia seu Mimo'sa Senegal. — Ord. Le- 
 guminosse. Sex. Syst. Polygamia Monoecia — 
 which grows in the country of Africa through 
 
SENEGINE 
 
 834 
 
 SEPT^MIA 
 
 which the river Senegal runs. It is in loose or 
 single drops, much larger than gum Arabic, or 
 the gum which exudes from the cherry tree ; and 
 is much more difficult of solution than the former. 
 
 SENEGINE, see Polygala senega. 
 
 SENEGRAIN, Trigonella foenum. 
 
 SENEKA, Polygala senega. 
 
 SENEVE, Sinapis. 
 
 SENGREEN, Sempervivum tectorum. 
 
 SENILE, Seni'lis, from senex, 'an old man.' 
 Kelating or belonging to old age: — as 'senile 
 delirium ;' dotage. 
 
 SENILITY, Senectus. 
 
 SENNA, Cassia senna — s. Alexandrina, Cassia 
 senna — s. American, Cassia Marilandiea — s. Blad- 
 der, Colutea arborescens — s. Essence of, prepared, 
 Selway's, see Infusum sennse compositum — s. 
 Germanica, Colutea — s. Italiea, Cassia senna — s. 
 Prairie, Cassia chamsecrista — s. Wild, Cassia cha- 
 msecrista, Cassia Marilandiea. 
 
 SE^^S, Sense — s. Genital, Appetite, venereal. 
 
 SENSA'TION, S'enfta'tio, from sentire, senstim, 
 ' to feel;' JEsthe'ma. The consciousness or cog- 
 nisance by the brain of an impression caused by 
 an external body on the organs of the senses. (F.) 
 Sentiment. It is not necessarily, however, eon- 
 fined to bodies external to us; for we can receive 
 an impression by touching any part of our own 
 body. The body which communicates the im- 
 pressions needs but to be external to the part im- 
 pressed. Sensations are divided into external, 
 internal, and morbid. The external are commu- 
 nicated by the five organs of the senses. The 
 internal are such as occur within the body, and 
 arise from some alteration in the function of the 
 part, for the time being. Hunger and thirst are 
 internal sensations, as well as all the natural 
 wants. Jlorbid sensations may be either inter- 
 nal or external. Objec'tive sensations are pro- 
 duced by impressions on the peripheral nerves ; 
 as in vision, audition, &c. Subjec'tive sensations, 
 are such as originate centrieally, or in the ence- 
 phalon, — as tinnitus aurium. 
 
 SENSATIONAL, Sentient. 
 
 SENSE, Sensus, Sen'sio, JEsthe'sis, (F.) Sens. 
 Same etymon as Sensation. A faculty, possessed 
 by animals, of appreciating impressions from ex- 
 ternal objects. The senses are five in number; 
 sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Of these, 
 the first two and the last administer more to the 
 intellect: and, hence, have been called by some, 
 the intellectual senses ; the other two seem more 
 destined for the nutrition of the body : and, 
 hence, have been termed corporeal or nutritive 
 senses. Other senses have been suggested — as 
 the intense sensation experienced during the ve- 
 nereal act ; a sense of heat and cold ; a muscular 
 sense, a common sense or ccenassthesis, &c. 
 
 Senses, Nervous System op the, Medulla 
 oblongata. 
 
 SENSIBILITAS, Sensibility— s. Anomala, see 
 Irritable — s. Aucta, see Irritable — s. Morbosa, 
 see Irritable. 
 
 SENSIBIL'ITY, SensihiVitas. Same etymon 
 as Sensation: yEsthe'ma. The faculty of receiv- 
 ing and transmitting impressions, and having the 
 consciousness of them. It thus includes three 
 secondary properties, impressibility, (F.) imjves- 
 sionabilite, transmissibility, and perceptibility. 
 Bichat defines it as the property possessed by 
 living bodies, of receiving impressions, whether 
 the individual be conscious of them or not. In 
 the former case, where conscious, he calls the sen- 
 sibility animal : in the latter, where not, he terms 
 it organic. This last is common to vegetables 
 and animals, and presides over nutrition.'absorp- 
 tion, exhalation, secretion, &c. The other does 
 
 not exist in vegetables : it is the origin of the 
 sensations — olfaction, vision, gustation, audition, 
 thirst, hunger, pain, &q. There are few parts of 
 the animal body, but what are sensible — if not 
 in health — in disease. The free extremities of the 
 hair and nails, and the epidermis, are not so. See 
 Insensibility. 
 
 SENSIFEROTJS, Sentient. 
 SENSIO, Sense. 
 
 SENSITORIUM, Sensorium. 
 
 SENSORI-VOLIT"IONAL. A term applied 
 to nervous fibres which pass to and from the ee- 
 rebro-spinal axis, and are respectively concerned 
 in sensation and volition. 
 
 SENSO'RIAL, Sentient. 
 
 Sensorial Power, according to Dr. Wilson 
 Philip, is composed of the two functions of sen- 
 sation and volition. Dr. Darwin included in it 
 the power of muscular contraction ; but it ought 
 not to be extended to acts in which there is not 
 consciousness. 
 
 SENSO'RIUM, S. commu'ne, Or'ganon senso'- 
 rium internum, Sensito'rium, Empo'rium. spiri- 
 tuum, uEsthete'j-ion, Sen'sory. Same etymon. The 
 common centre of sensations. 
 
 SENSORY, Sensorium, Sentient. 
 
 Sen'sory Gang'lia. A name given by Dr. 
 Carpenter to a series of ganglionic masses at the 
 base of the brain, which are in direct communi- 
 cation with the nerves of sensation — as the olfac- 
 tory, optic, auditory, and gustatory.. 
 
 Sensory Nerves, Nerves of sensation, are so 
 called in contradistinction to J/o^ornerves. There 
 are general sensory nerves — as those connected 
 with the posterior part of the spinal marrow, and 
 the fifth pair; and spiecial sensory, as those of the 
 senses. 
 
 SENSUS ^GRITUDINIS, Indisposition — s. 
 Osmometricus, Olfaction — s. Perversus, Pseudses- 
 thesia. 
 
 SEN'TIENT, Sen'tiens, Sen'sory, Ideag"enotis, 
 Senso'riol, Sensa'tional, Sensif erons. Same ety- 
 mon. Feeling, causing feeling. 
 
 Sentient Extremities of Nerves are their 
 minute terminations in the organs. 
 
 SENTINA, Pituitary gland. 
 
 SENTBTENT, see Sensntion. 
 
 SEPARATO'RIUM, from aeparare, separatum, 
 ' to separate.' A surgical instrument, for sepa- 
 rating the pericranium from the skull. 
 
 A Sep'aratory, Vitrum Hypoclep'ticum, is a 
 pharmaceutical vessel for separating fluids of dif- 
 ferent densities from each other. 
 
 SEPEDOGENESIS, Sepedonogenesis. 
 
 SEPEDON, Putrefaction. 
 
 SEPEDONODES, Putrid. 
 
 SEPEDONOGEN'ESIS, Sepedogen'esis, from 
 arjxdwv, ' putrescency,' and yei/ecng, 'generation.' 
 A septic disposition or tendency ; such as is met 
 with in typhus gravior. 
 
 SEPES, Sa'pes, 'a hedge,' 'a row;' as Sepes 
 seu Se'ries seu Pecten den'tium ; — a row of teeth. 
 
 Sepes Dbntium, see Sepes. 
 
 SEPHIRUS, Scleriasis. 
 
 SE'PIA, ariTTia, S. officina'lis, Se'pium, Cuttle- 
 Fish, (Se.) Hose-Fish, Slieve-Fish, (F.) Skche. 
 Class Cephalopoda. The osseous part of the 
 cuttle-fish; (F.) Os de Seche — PrcBcip'itans mag'- 
 num — has been used as an absorbent, and is often 
 added to tooth-powders. 
 
 SEPLASIA'RIUS. A name formerly given to 
 one who sold perfumes, ointments, &c. It is 
 derived from Seplasia, the name of a public place 
 at Capua, where such preparations were fre- 
 quently sold. A druggist. 
 
 SEPSICHYMIA, Septochymia. 
 
 SEPSIS, Putrefaction. 
 
 SEPT^E'MIA; from (rt]-To;, 'rotten,' and 'atfja, 
 
SEPTAL 
 
 835 
 
 SERPENTARIA 
 
 'blood.' A morbid condition of the blood pro- 
 duced by septic or putrid matters. 
 
 SEPTAL, Se2)ta'iis, from Sejjtum. Relating, 
 or appertaining to, a septum: as 'septal walls 
 of the heart' — those that separate the cavities 
 from each other. 
 
 SEPTANA FEBRIS, Fever, septan. 
 SEP'TENARY, Septena'rhis, (P.) Septenaire, 
 from septem, 'seven.' 'Consisting of seven.' 
 The septenary years of the old believers in criti- 
 cal periods were times at which, it was supposed, 
 important changes might be expected to take 
 place. The grand climacteric was fixed at 63, 
 and it was considered that if a person passed that 
 age, he had well-founded expectations that his 
 life miffht be protracted to 90. 
 
 SEPTENNIAD, Climacteric, (years.) 
 SEPTERIUS, Septic. 
 SEPTFOIL, UPRIGHT, Tormentilla. 
 SEPTIC, Sep'ticu8, Septus, Septerin?, from 
 arjiTtiv, 'to rot,' ariTZTos, 'rotten.' That which pro- 
 duces putrefaction. A substance which corrodes 
 and disorganizes the soft parts without causing 
 much pain. 
 
 Septic Poison, see Poison. 
 SEPTICEMIA, Septaemia. 
 SEPTIMESTRIS FCETUS, see Foetus septi- 
 mestris. 
 
 SEPTINERVIA, Plantago. 
 
 SEPTOCHYM'IA, Sepsichi/m'ia; from <Tr,-l,;, 
 'putrefaction,' and ^I'/io?, 'juice.' Putrefaction 
 or putreseency of the humours. 
 SEPTOjST, Azote. 
 SEPTOPYRA, Typhus gravior. 
 SEPT'ULUM; diminutive of septum. A divi- 
 sion between small spaces or cavities — as the 
 septula or fibrous cords given off by the medias- 
 tinum testis to be inserted into the inner surface 
 of the tunica albuginea. 
 
 SEPTUM, (F.) Cloison, 'a partition,' from 
 sepio, septum, ' I fence in.' A part destined to 
 separate two cavities from each other, or to di- 
 vide a principal cavity into several secondary 
 cavities. 
 
 These septa are numerous in the human body. 
 The chief are the following: — 
 
 Septum Atrio'kum, S. Auricula'rum. The 
 septum or partition between the auricles of the 
 heart. 
 
 Septum Auricularum, S. Atriorum — s. Cere- 
 belli, Falx cerebelli — s. Cerebri, Falx cerebri — s. 
 Cochleae auditoriae, Lamina spiralis. 
 
 Septum Cordis, Septum me'dium cordis. The 
 partition which separates the two ventricles of 
 the heart. 
 
 Septum Encephali, Tentorium. 
 Septum Lu'cidum sen pellu'eidum seu ten'ue et 
 pelluridum seu me'dium, Spjec'ulum, S. lucidmn. 
 Lapis specula'ris, MediastV num seu Diaphragma 
 ventriculo'rxtm latera'lium cer'ebri, (F.) Septum 
 midian (Ch.), Cloison transparente. The soft 
 portion or medullary substance, which separates 
 the two lateral ventricles of the brain from each 
 other. This septum is composed of two lamina ; 
 between which a small cavity exists, filled by a 
 serous fluid, ventrie'ulus sepiti peUu'cidi, see Ven- 
 tricles of the Brain. The brothers Wenzel are 
 of opinion that this cavity is lined by a peculiar 
 membrane. 
 
 SEPTUM MEDTAN, S. lucidum— s. Median 
 du cervelet, Falx cerebelli — s. Medium cerebri, S. 
 lucidum. 
 
 Septum Na'rium, Interseptum seu Dissepimen' - 
 fum seu Interfi'nium seu Discri' men seu Imbrex 
 seu^ Diaphrag'ma na'rium, (F.) Cloison des Fosses 
 nasale.s. The partition between the nares. It is 
 formed by the vomer, the perpendicular plate of 
 the ethmoid bone, and a cartilage of a triangular 
 shape. These parts are lined by the pituitary 
 
 membrane, which receives a considerable number 
 of nerves and vessels. 
 
 Septum Nasi, see Nares. 
 
 Septum Parvum Occipitale, Falx cerebelli — 
 s. Pectiniforme, see Cavernous bodies — s. Pellu- 
 cidum, S. Lucidum— s. Sealae, Lamina spiralis — 
 s. Staphi/Ii'u, Velum pendulum palati — s. Tenue 
 et pellucidum, S. lucidum— s. Thoracis, Mediap- 
 tinum — 8. Transverse, Tentorium — s. Transver- 
 sum. Diaphragm — s. Vestibuli nervoso-meiiibra- 
 naceum, see Labyrinth. 
 
 SEPTUS, Septicus. 
 
 SEPUM, Sevum. 
 
 SEQUES'TRUM, "the depositing of a dis- 
 puted thing in the hands of a third person !" 
 The portion of bone, in necrosis, which is dead, 
 and separated from the living bone,- acting, 
 whilst retained, as an extraneous body. When 
 the sequestrum is superficial and small, it is 
 called ExfoUa'tion. The portion of bone sur- 
 rounding it is the Cap'sula sequestra' lis. 
 
 SERAPEUM, Syrup. 
 
 SERAPINON, Sagapenum. 
 
 SERAPIUM, Syrup. 
 
 SERBET, Scherbet. 
 
 SEREUX, Serous. 
 
 SE'RICO-CARPUS TORTIFO'LIUS, Cowj'za 
 hifolia'tu. Aster tortifo'Uus ; indigenous; Order, 
 Compositse : is said to be diuretic. 
 
 SER'ICUM, ^(7/;; from ♦S'ej-es— the Thibetans 
 probably — from whom it was first obtained. 
 (F.) S<iie. The thread spun by the Bomhyx 
 Mori or SilJcicorm. Silk is used l3y surgeons for 
 ligatures, &e. 
 
 Sericum Axglicum, see Sparadrapum adhsesi- 
 vum. 
 
 SERIES DENTIUM, see Sepes. 
 
 SERIEUX, Serious. 
 
 SERINGVE, Syringe. 
 
 SERIOLA, Cichorium intybus. 
 
 SE'RIOUS, Serius, (F.) Serieux, Grave. A 
 term applied to a disease, Dyspathi'a, Morbus 
 gravis, and to a symptom that is attended with 
 danger. 
 
 SERIS, Cichorium intybus. 
 
 SERMOUNTAIN, Laserpitium album. 
 
 SERO-COLITIS, see Colitis. 
 
 SERO-CYSTIC, Sero-eyst'icus. An epithet for 
 tumours of the female breast, which consist, in 
 the first stage, of one or more membranous cj'sts, 
 produced perhaps by dilatation of portions of the 
 lactiferous tubes. 
 
 SERO-HEPATITIS, see Hepatitis. 
 
 SER'OLIN, from serum and olein. A peculiar 
 fatty matter detected in the blood by Boudet, 
 Lecanu, Sanson, and others. 
 
 SEROSITE, Serum. 
 
 SEROSITY, Serum. 
 
 SEROUS, Sero'sus, (F.) Sereiix ; from serum. 
 Thin ; watery. Relating to the most watery 
 portion of animal fluids, or to membranes that 
 secrete them. Sec Serum. 
 
 Serous Later, see Tache emhryonnaire — s. 
 Membranes, Membranes, serous. 
 
 SERPEDO, Psoriasis. 
 
 SERPENT, Serpens, Anguis, OpUe ; from 
 serpo, 'I creep.' A snake. 
 
 Snake Broth was, at one time, recommended 
 as a restorative. 
 
 Many serpents are venomous : and the bites of 
 some fatal. See Poisons, table of. 
 
 SERPENTAIRE NOIRE, Actsea racemosa 
 — s. Rouge, Polygonum bistorta. 
 
 SERPENTARIA, Aristolochia serpentaria— s. 
 Gallorum, Arum dracunculus — s. Hispanica, 
 Scorzonera — s. Minor, Arum maculatum — s. Ni- 
 gra, Act«a racemosa. 
 
SERPENTARI^ 
 
 836 
 
 SESAMOID 
 
 SERPENTARI^ BRAZILIENSIS RADIX, 
 Caincaa radix. 
 
 SERPENTIN, see Alembic. 
 
 SERPENTINE, Ophites. 
 
 SERPENTINUS, Ophites. 
 
 SERPES, Herpes. 
 
 SERPIG"INOUS, from serpere, 'to creep.' 
 An epithet given to certain aifections, which 
 creep, as it were, from one p.-irt to another, — ^Ser- 
 piginous erysipelas,' (F.) J^rysipele serpighietix. 
 
 SERPIGO, Herpes circinatus, Lichen psoriasis. 
 
 SERPILLUM, Thymus serpyllum. 
 
 SERF OLE T, Thymus serpyllum. 
 
 SERPULLUM, Thymus serpyllum. 
 
 SERPYLLUM, Thymus serpyllum — s. Citra- 
 lura, see Thymus serpyllum. 
 
 SERRA, Saw — s. Amputatoria, Saw, amputa- 
 tion — s. Versatilis, Trepan. 
 
 SERRAT'ULA AMA'RA, from serra. ' a saw,' 
 owing to its serrated leaves. Family, Cynaroce- 
 phale*. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia sequa- 
 lis. A species of Sawicort, recommended in ague. 
 
 Serrathla Behen, Centaurea behen. 
 
 SERRATUS, Dentate— s. Anticus Minor, Pec- 
 toralis minor. 
 
 Serra'tus Magnus. So called from its ser- 
 rated appearance; from serra, 'a savr.' Serrntus 
 major aiiti'cua, S.major,{'E.) Costo-hasi-scapmlaire, 
 Costo-scapiilaire (Ch.), Grand dentele. A very 
 broad (especially anteriorly), thin, flat, irregularly 
 quadrilateral muscle, situate at the sides of the tho- 
 rax. It is attached, Ifbfore, to the external surface 
 of the first 8 or 9 ribs, by as many distinct digita- 
 tions : and, behind, to the spinal edge of the scapula. 
 The superior fibres are almost horizontal ; the 
 lower become gradually more and more oblique 
 upwards and backwards. This muscle carries 
 the scapula forwards, and causes it to execute a 
 movement of rotation, which directs its inferior 
 angle forwards, and the anterior upwards. When 
 the shoulder is fixed, it raises the ribs. 
 
 Serratus Major, Serratus magnus — s. Major 
 anticus, Serratus magnus. 
 
 Serratds Posti'cus Inferior, (F.) Dorso- 
 lomho-costal, Lomho-costul (Ch.), Petit dentele 
 pnsterieur et inferienr. A broader and thinner 
 muscle than the following, but nearly of the 
 same shape. It is situate obliquely at the lower 
 part of the back; and extends from the spinous 
 processes of the last two or three dorsal vertebra, 
 and the first two or three lumbar, to the inferior 
 margin of the last four false ribs. This muscle 
 depresses the ribs, and thus concurs in expiration. 
 It is an antagonist to the next. 
 
 Serratus Posti'cus Supe'rior, (F.) Cervici- 
 dorto-costul, Dorso-costal, (Ch.) Petit dentele su- 
 perieur. A flat, thin, quadrilateral muscle; 
 situate obliquely at the posterior inferior part of 
 the neck, and the superior part of the back. It 
 passes from the posterior cervical ligament, the 
 spinous process of the last cervical vertebra; 
 from the spinous processes of the first two or 
 three _ dorsal, to the second, third, fourth, and 
 fifth ribs ; into which it is inserted by as many 
 digitations. It raises the ribs, and is, conse- 
 quently, an inspiratory muscle. 
 
 SERRE-ARTERE, Presse-arth-e. 
 
 SERRE-COU (F.), from serrer, 'to squeeze,' 
 and eon, ' the neck.' An instrument, invented by 
 Chabert, for compressing the jugular vein, in 
 bleedmg from that vessel. It surrounds the neck 
 like a collar, and, by means of a pad, exerts the 
 necessary pressure. 
 
 SERRE-FINE, (F.), from serrer, 'to squeeze,' 
 and./?/!, 'fine.' A small spring forceps, invented 
 by M. Videl. It is formed of a wire of metal, 
 turned in the middle into two spirals, one in front 
 of the other. This constitutes the sprino-. Each 
 branch describes nearly the letter S : and"' one ex- 
 
 j tremity forms the spiral, the other lays hold of 
 the parts to be united. 
 
 SERRE-XCEUD (F.), from serrer, 'to squeeze,' 
 and nceiid, 'a knot.' This name has been o-iven 
 to various instruments, employed by the surgeon 
 for tightening a ligature passed round a pedicu- 
 lated tumour, or any part which has to be de- 
 stroyed by ligature slowly and gradually. Thus, 
 there is the serre-ncexid of Roderic, the constriv- 
 teiir of Herbinaux, the serre-ncend of Desault, <fee. 
 
 SERRE NCEUD BE DESCHA3IPS, Presse- 
 artere. 
 
 SERTULA CAMPANA, Trifolium melilotus. 
 
 SERUM, Sperm. 
 
 Serum, 'whey.' Orrhoa, Oros, Seros'ity, (F.) 
 Serosite. The most watery portion of animal 
 fluids, exhaled by serous membranes. It is a 
 constituent part of blood, milk, &c. 
 
 Serum op the Blood, HcB.'mydor, Orrlios, 
 Serum seu Ichor san'yvinis, (F.) Serum du Sang, 
 is the liquid which separates from the blood, when 
 coagulated at rest. It is of a greenish-yellow 
 colour; viscid, slightly coagulable by heat, acids, 
 and alcohol. It is composed of water; chloride 
 of sodium; certain phosphates; and albumen, 
 constantly united to soda, almost in a sapona- 
 ceous combination. 
 
 The fluid which exudes from the albumen of 
 the serum of the blood, when coagulated by heat, 
 is by some called seroa'ity. 
 
 SJh:RU3[ DU SANG, S. of the blood. 
 
 Serum Lactis, Aqua Lactis; Serum, of Bfill; 
 Whey, (Prov.) Whig, (F.) Serum du lait, Petit 
 lait. That part of milk from which the butter and 
 caseous matter have been separated. It is a 
 transparent, citrine-coloured liquid, containing 
 sugar of milk, mucilage, acetic acid, phosphate 
 of lime, and some other saline substances. It 
 is used as a slightly nutritious diluent and refri- 
 gerant. The French have magistral formula, 
 the basis of which is whey. They are called 
 Petits-lails, or 'wheys.' 
 
 Serum Lactis Hoffman'ni, (F.) Petit-lnit 
 d'Boffrnann, is a name given to the liquid re- 
 sulting from treating with boiling water milk 
 which has been evaporated to an almost solid 
 consistence. It is not much used. 
 
 Rennet Whey is made thus: milk 2 pints; 
 rennet ^^ss, infused in a little hot water: mix and 
 keep in a gentle heat for some hours, then strain. 
 — Gray. 
 
 Serum Sanguinis, Serum of the blood. 
 
 Serum of Serous Membranes, ASerum mem- 
 hranarum seroaa'rum, Water of Dropsy, (F.) 
 Servm des memhrnnes sereuses, Eau des hydro- 
 pique.s. It resembles the serum of the blood,— 
 especially in cases of hydrocele. The water of 
 hydrothorax and ascites contains much less al- 
 bumen : — sometimes enough to coagulate on the 
 application of heat : at others, not. 
 
 SERVICE, MOUNTAIN, Sorbus acuparia. 
 
 Service Tree, Sorbus domcstica. 
 
 SER VIETTE EN CARRE, Oonvrechef 
 
 SESAM E, Sesamum orientale. 
 
 SES'AMOID, Sesamoi'des, Sesamo'dea, Sean- 
 moidens, from ar,aa(i^, ' a grain of sesamum,' and 
 eioos, ' resemblance.' 
 
 Sesamoid Bones, Ossa seu Osaic'uln aesnmoi- 
 dea, are small bones, situate in the substance of 
 tendons, near certain joints. Their number is 
 various. They are commonly more in the male 
 than female. Two are constantly met with be- 
 neath the metatarso-phalangal articulations of 
 the great toe. Sometimes, the articulations of 
 other bones of the metatarsus with the pha- 
 langes of the toes have them likewise. In the 
 hand, there are two before the metacarpo-pha- 
 langal joint of the thumb. At times, they are 
 
SESAMUM 
 
 837 
 
 SHAME OCK, INDIAN 
 
 met with in the other metacarpo-phalangal arti- 
 culations. Occasionally, two exist behind the 
 condyles of the femur, in the tendons of the 
 gastrocnemii muscles. A considerable os sesn- 
 moideum is also met with in the tendon of the 
 peronasus longus. These bones are commonly 
 round, and flattened only on one surface, which 
 is incrusted with cartilage. Their size is very 
 variable, according to the joints in which they 
 exist. Traces of sesamoid bones are not ob- 
 served in infants : in them, they are replaced by 
 small, cartilaginous concretions. They are de- 
 veloped by a single point of ossification : and 
 are, like the patella (which is a true sesamoid 
 bone,) composed of much cellular substance, 
 covered by a thin layer of compact tissue. The 
 «(se of these bones is, — to allow the tendon to be 
 inserted into the lever at a greater angle; and 
 thus enable the power to act more advanta- 
 geously. 
 
 Riolan has given the name Ossa sesamo'idea to 
 two bony points sometimes met with ; — the one 
 at the outer side of the carotid canal of the tem- 
 poral bone; and the other at the edge of the 
 cavernous sinus, at the side of the internal caro- 
 tid artery. 
 
 SESAMUM, see Sesaraura orientale. 
 Ses'amuji Orirmta'lr, S. edu'le seu oleif'erum 
 seu In'dicwn, Benne, Oily Grain, (F.) Sesame, 
 Jitf/eoline. Ord. Bignoniacere. The seeds of this 
 African plant are cultivated in Georgia and South 
 Carolina, where the negroes use them with Indian 
 corn as an article of food. They yield a larger 
 proportion of oil than any other vegetable ; one 
 hundred weight producing ninety pounds of oil, 
 which is, at least, equal to Florence oil. 
 
 Benne oil, Oleum Ses'ami, is used in the South- 
 ern States as a laxative. The leaves — Sesami 
 folia, (Ph. U. S.)^afiFord, by infusion, an excel- 
 lent mucilage. 
 
 SESCUN'CIA, Setqw'iin'cia, HemioVion. An 
 ounce and a half. See Sesqui. 
 
 SESELI, Laserpitium siler — s. jEgopodium, 
 Ligusticum podagraria — s. Annuum, S. tortuo- 
 sum • — s. Carum, Caru:n — s. Carvi, Carum — s. 
 Creticum, Tordylium oflBcinale — s. Fceniculifo- 
 lium, Sison ammi — s. Graveolens, Apium grave- 
 olens — s. Meum, iEthusa meum' — -s. Patens, S. 
 tortuosum — s. Pratense, PeucedaJum silaus — s. 
 des Pres, Peucedanum silaus. 
 
 Ses'eli ToRTUo'suir, S. Itassilien'se seu an'- 
 iiunm seu jiatens, (Enav'ihe stria'ta rifj"ida, 
 Itarticort of Marseilles. The seeds have a warm 
 taste; and a greater degree of pungency than 
 those of Laserpitium siler, which is the Seseli of 
 the Pharmacopoeias. 
 
 SESELIS, Laserpitium siler, Seseli. 
 SESQtJI. This word, joined with any num- 
 ber, weight, measure, &c., signifies one and a 
 half; as sesqnigraniim, 'a grain and a half.' 
 SESQUIITNCIA, Sescuncia. 
 SETA EQUI'NA, 'horse-hair.' Hairworm, 
 Helmin'thus Gor'dii. A kind of worm, found in 
 stagnant water, from 4 to 6 inches long, and 
 twisted into various knots and contortions; co- 
 lour pale-brown, with dark extremities. It is 
 common in the intestines of the Laplanders ; 
 causing the Col'ica La2}2'>on'ica, in which the 
 gripings are, at times, exceedingly severe. 
 
 SETA'CEUM, Seto, Seton, from sefa, 'a bristle.' 
 A long strip of fine linen or cotton twist, passed 
 through the skin and areolar membrane, to keep 
 up an issue; or through suppurating cavities, 
 between the fragments of fractured bones, &e., 
 to fulfil certain indications. The term is, also, 
 applied to the issue so established. The opera- 
 tion is simple. It consists in laying hold of a 
 fold of skin, and passing a seton-needle through 
 it, with the thread attached. Every day a fresh 
 
 portion of the thread is drawn through the sore. 
 Setons are established in many diseases; — in 
 obstinate ophthalmia, cephalalgia ; epilepsy, 
 thoracic and abdominal aft'ections, &c. ; but they 
 are not as much used as formerlj'. 
 
 SETARIA ROCCELLA, Lichen roccella. 
 
 SETFAST, see Furunculus. 
 
 SETO, Setaceum. 
 
 SETON, Setaceum. 
 
 SBTTERWORT, Helleborus fcetidus. 
 
 SEVADILLA, Veratrum sabadilla. 
 
 SEVATIO, Steatoma. 
 
 Si:V£:, Sap. 
 
 SEVENBARK, Hydrangea arborescens. 
 
 S£ VRA GE, Weaning. 
 • SBVUM, Pinguedo. 
 
 Sevum, Sehnm, Sef^tim, Sfear, Adeps ovil'li, 
 Sevum verveci'num. Suet, mutton suet: Pin- 
 guedo. 
 
 Sevum PR^PATtA'TDjr, Sevum (Ph. U. S.), — 
 Ovil'li Sevum Prapara'tum, Prepared, Suet, 
 (F.) Graisse de Mouton, Suif, is formed by . 
 cutting suet in pieces ; melting over a slow fire, 
 and straining through linen. It is emollient, 
 and is sometimes boiled in milk (^ij to Oj), 
 and is used in diarrhoea and dysentery. Its 
 principal employment is in the formation of 
 plasters. 
 
 Sevum Vervecinum, Sevum. 
 
 SEX, Sexus, Geiios, Phi/sis. The physical 
 ditference between male and female in animals 
 and vegetables: — as the J/ule'sex, Sexus po'tior 
 seu for'fior seu viri'lis ; and the Female sex, 
 Sexns seq'tiior, S. midie'hris, Alter Sexus, 'The 
 Sex.' 
 
 SEXTANS, from sextus, 'the sixth;' Sexta 
 jjars iibrm. The sixth part of a pound. — Galen. 
 
 SEXTA'RIUS. Same etymon. An ancient 
 measure for liquid and solid substances; the 
 sixth part of a congius. See Weights and Mea- 
 sures. 
 
 SEX'TULA. Same etymon. Bexa'tjium, 'e^a- 
 ytov. The sixth part of an ounce. 
 
 SEX'Ux\L, Sexnn'lis, from sexus, 'sex.' That 
 which relates to the sex ; which characterizes the 
 sex. 
 
 Sexual Diseases, Iforhi sexun'les, are the dis- 
 eases of the genital organs ; as Sexual Fusc- 
 TiONS are the genital functions. 
 
 Sexual Intercoukse, Coition — s. Organs, 
 Genital organs. 
 
 SEXUS^Sex — s. Alter, see Sex — s. Fortior, 
 see Sex — s. Muliebris, see Sex — s. Potior, see 
 Sex — s. Sequior, see Sex — s. Virilis, see Sex. 
 
 SEYDSCHiJTZ WATER, Seidschiitz water. 
 
 SHACKLE, Carpus. 
 
 SHACKLE-HAMMED, -see Cnemoscoliosis. 
 
 SHADDOCK. The fruit of Citrus decu'mana, 
 called after the captain of a vessel who first took 
 it to the West Indies from China. It is large; 
 but inferior to the orange in flavour. It keeps, 
 however, longer; and, hence, is useful on long 
 voyages. 
 
 SHAKERS, see Convulsionnaire. 
 SHAKES, Intermittent. 
 SHAKING, Intermittent, see Rigor. 
 SHALLOT, Eehalotte. 
 
 SHAMPOO'ING, Champooing, 3Tassing, (¥.) 
 Massage, Massement. A Hindoo process, which 
 consists in pressing the body of the bather in a 
 peculiar manner; cracking the various joints, 
 and eraploj'ing blows and friction. 
 
 'Kneading' consists in pressing alternately 
 upon a part of the body to arouse the muscles to 
 more energetic action. It is employed at times 
 in dvspepsia. 
 
 SHAMROCK, INDIAN, Trillium latifolium- 
 s. Water, Menyanthes verna. 
 
SHANKER 
 
 838 
 
 SICCHASIA 
 
 SHANKER. Chancre. 
 
 SHANNONDALB SALINE SPRINGS. 
 These are within a few miles of Charlestown, 
 Jefferson County, Virginia. They are mildly 
 aperient and diuretic. 
 
 SHARON SPRINGS, NEW YORK. These 
 springs, which are situate about 10 or 12 miles 
 south of Canajoharie, N. Y., and 45 miles west 
 of Albany, are much frequented. They contain, 
 according to the analysis of Dr. Chilton, sulphate 
 of magnesia, sulphate of lime, chloride of sodium, 
 chloride of magnesium, sulphohydrate of sodium, 
 sulphohydrate of calcium, vegetable extractive 
 matter, and free sulphohydric acid gas. Their 
 temperature is 48° Fahr. 
 
 SHEATH, Vagina. 
 
 SHEDDING OP THE TEETH, see Dentition. 
 
 SHEEP POISON, Kalmia latifolia. 
 
 SHELLBARK, see Hickory. 
 
 SHELL FLOWER, Trillium latifolium — s. 
 Liquid, see Calcis murias — s. Membrane, Mem- 
 brana testae. 
 
 SHEPHERD'S PURSE, Thlaspi bursa — s. 
 Sun dial, Anagallis arvensis. 
 
 SHERBET, Scherbet— s. Orange, see Syrupus 
 aurantii. 
 
 SHERMAN'S WORM LOZENGES, see Worm 
 lozenges, Sherman's. 
 
 SHERRY, Sack, see Wine. 
 
 SHIELD-BONE, Scapula. 
 
 SHIELD, WATER, Nelumbium luteum. 
 
 SHILDER, Humerus. 
 
 SHIN, O'crea, Crista tib'icB, Sax. rcina. The 
 Bj)ine or anterior part of the tibia or leg. It is, 
 also, called Anticne'mion, and Grea. 
 
 SHINBONE, Tibia. 
 
 SHINGLES, Herpes zoster. 
 
 SHINLEAF, Pyrola. 
 
 SHINLOCK, Brassica eruca. 
 
 SHIP FEVER, see Typhus. 
 
 SHITABED, Leontodon taraxacum. 
 
 SHIVERING, see Rigor. 
 
 SHOCK, see Concussion. 
 
 Shock, Nervous, Vital Shock, Vital Depres- 
 sion, Nervous Depression, Fatal Sinking. Sudden 
 or instantaneous depression of organic, nervous, 
 or vital power, often with more or less perturba- 
 tion of body and mind, passing either into reac- 
 tion, or into fatal sinking, occasioned by the 
 nature, severity or extent of injury, or by an 
 overwhelming moral calamity. — Copland. 
 
 Shock, Vital, Shock, nervous. 
 
 SHOOT, Criek-in-the-nock. 
 
 SHORT, Sax. rceopr, from rcipan, 'to cut, to 
 shear,' shored, shor'd, short, (F.) Court. A word 
 used, by anatomists, in opposition to long; and 
 to distinguish parts from each other that have 
 otherwise the same name. 
 
 Short Boxes, for example, are those in which 
 the three dimensions — length, breadth, and thick- 
 ness — are nearly alike; such are the vertebrae, 
 bones of the carpus, tarsus, &o. 
 
 Short-of-Pdff, Short-winded — s- Ribs, see 
 Costa. 
 
 SHORTSIGHTED, Myopic. 
 
 SHORTSIGHTEDNESS, Myopia. 
 
 SHORTWINDED, Pursy. 
 
 SHOTBUSH, Aralia spinosa. 
 
 SHOTT, Pleurodvnia. 
 
 SHOULDER, Humerus — s Blade, Senpula — 
 s. Bone. Humerus. 
 
 SHOUP. Haunch. 
 
 SHOVEL PICKEREL WEED, Unisema del- 
 tifolia — s. Pond, Unisema deltifolia. 
 
 SHOW, see Parturition. 
 
 SHOW-CHOO, see Spirit. 
 
 SHOWER-BATH, see Bath. 
 
 SHRUB, perhaps, from Arabic, sharab, 'syrup.' 
 A compound of spirits, lemon-juice, and sugar. 
 
 Sheub, Sweet, Calyoanthus — s. Sweet-scented, 
 Calycanthus. 
 
 SHRUMP-SHOULDERED, see Hump. 
 
 SHUD'DERING, Frem'itus, Phryag'ma, from 
 (G.) Schauder, Schauer, (F.) Fremissement, 
 Tressaillement. A peculiar sensation, felt either 
 externally or internally; and which seems to be 
 the result of a spasmodic movement of the parts 
 in which it occurs. A slight feeling of cold 
 sometimes accompanies it. It is, at times, the 
 result of a moral cause, and is often the precur- 
 sor of shivering. 
 
 SHULL-BANE, Humerus. 
 
 SHUMAC, Rhus coriaria. 
 
 SIAGANTRI'TIS, from aiayuiv, 'the jaw,' 
 avrpov, 'a cavity,' and itis, denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the lining membrane of 
 the antrum of Highmore. 
 
 SIAGON, Maxillary bone. 
 
 SIAGO'NAGRA, from ciayav, 'the jaw,' and 
 ayga, ' a seizure.' Arthri'tia maxilla'ris. A gouty 
 or rheumatic affection of the joint of the lower 
 jaw. 
 
 SIALACHUS, Salivation. 
 
 SIAL'AGOGUE, Sialogo'gns, Sial'ogogne, Pty- 
 al'agogue, Plyas'magogue, Sali'vans, Saliva'ttim, 
 Sialocinet'icus, Apophlegmat'isans per os, (F.) 
 Salivant ; from airi\ov, 'saliva,' and ayui, 'I ex- 
 pel.' That which provokes the secretion of 
 saliva. Pyrethrum and mercury are sialogogues. 
 Sialagogues may be of two kinds, those which 
 act through the circulation, and those which act 
 immediately on the salivary organs. Mercury 
 belongs to the former, — pyrethrum to the latter 
 class. The chief sialagogues are armoracia, 
 calamus, mezereum, pyrethrum, tabacum, and 
 zingiber. 
 
 SIAL'ICA, from ciaXov, 'saliva.' ?iledicines, 
 which affect the salivary glands. — Pereira. 
 
 SIALISMUS. Salivation. 
 
 SIALOCINETICUS, Sialagogue. 
 
 SIALOLITHI, Calculi, salivary.. 
 
 SIALOLOG"IA, from aiaXov, 'saliva,' and 
 Xoyos, 'a discourse.' A treatise on saliva. 
 
 SIALOMA. Saliva. 
 
 SIALON, Saliva. 
 
 SIALORRHCEA, Salivation. 
 
 SIALOSCHESIS, from aiaXov, 'saliva,' and 
 (r;:^;£cr£?, 'retention.' Retention or suppression of 
 the saliva. 
 
 SIALOSYRINGES, Salivary fistula. 
 
 SIALOZEMIA, Salivation — s. Mercurialis, 
 Salivation, mercurial. 
 
 SIAMESE TWINS, see Twins, Siamese. 
 
 SIBARE, Phrenitis. 
 
 SIBBENS, Sivvens, Framlioe'sia Sco'tica. An 
 infectious disease in the mountainous parts of 
 Scotland, viewed to be of the venereal kind. 
 Siicin, in the Keltic, means raspberry; and it is 
 said that, in this affection, fungi appear like rasp- 
 berries. From siivin, the inhabitants have made 
 sievin, sihhen, sihhens, and sivvens. By some, 
 this affection is regarded as a complication of the 
 venereal and itch. In the Orkneys, sihbens means 
 itch. — Jaraieson. 
 
 SIB'ILANT, Sih'ilus, Sib' Hans, from sibilo, 'I 
 hiss, I whistle.' Making a hissing or whistling 
 sound. See Pale sibilant. 
 
 SIBILISMUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 SIBILUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 SICCAN'TIA, from siccare, 'to dry.' ^erari'- 
 tica, (F.) Siccati/s. Drying medicines. See 
 Desiccativa. 
 
 SICCA TIPS. Siccantia. 
 
 SICCATIO, Drying. 
 
 SICCHA'SIA, aiK'^acna, 'disgust.' A distress- 
 ing disgitst for food; such as is experienced by 
 women with child. 
 
SICILICUM 
 
 839 
 
 SILENE CRASSIFOLIA 
 
 SICIL'ICUM. A Roman weight of about two | 
 drachms. 
 
 SICK, Sax. reOC, uEger, ^gro'tus, Nos'eros, i 
 NoHo'des, Jaeens, Lahorio'sus, Laho'rans, (F.) 1 
 3[al<.ule. Labouring under disease; Diseas'ed, 
 Distent' i)ered, III, Ailing, Disor'dered. Such is 
 'ts acceptation in old English, and generally in 
 the United States. In most parts of the United 
 States, if a patient is affected with a slight indis- 
 position, he is said to be sick; if with one more 
 severe, he is said to be ill; (Prov.) had, hadh/. 
 In England, it most commonly means, — affected 
 with disorder of the stomach, or nausea. 
 
 A sick person, JSger, uEgro'tus, (F.) llalade, 
 who is under the charge of a physician is said to 
 be a, 2mtie»t, or the patient of the physician. At 
 times, but rarely, patient is used for a sick per- 
 son in the abstract. 
 
 Sick Stomach, Milk sickness. 
 
 SICKLY, Ilorho'sus, Valetudina'rins, Adyn'- 
 atos, Nosac'eros, Noso'des, Jloi-bose, 3Tor'hnlent, 
 Vnhealth'y, (Sc.) Hough, (F.) Mnladif. Subject to 
 be sick, or in feeble health. Ailing. 
 
 SICKNESS, Disease, Plague — s. Falling, 
 Epilepsy — s. Mountain, Puna — s. River, Milk 
 sickness — s. Sea, Nausea marina — s. of the Sto- 
 mach, Vomiting — s. Swamp, Milk sickness. 
 
 SICLIUM, Sicilicum. 
 
 SICUA, Cupping-glass. 
 
 SICULA, Beta, Penis. 
 
 SICYEDON, Cauledon. 
 
 SIDA ABUTILON, Abutilon Avicennae. 
 
 SIDE, PAIN IN THE, Pleurodynia. 
 
 SIDERA'TIO, Sydera'tio, Sidera'tion, from 
 eidus, sideris, 'a star;' because the condition was 
 thought to be produced by the influence of the 
 stars. The state of one struck suddenly, without 
 apparent cause, and as if by the influence of the 
 stars or planets — Planet-struck. The ancients 
 comprised under this name, different morbid 
 conditions, such as paralysis, apoplexy, and gan- 
 grene. 
 
 SiDERATio, Apoplexy, Asphyxia, Phrenitis — 
 s. Ossis, Spina ventosa. 
 
 SIDERATION, Astrobolismos, Sideratio. 
 
 SIDEBION, Ferramentum. 
 
 SIDERITES, Magnet. 
 
 SIDERITIS. Magnet, Teucrium chamajpitys. 
 
 SIDEROKRENiE, Water, mineral, (chaly- 
 
 SIDEROPEG^, Water, mineral (chalybeate). 
 
 SIDEROS, Ferrum. 
 
 SIDEROXYLON, Chrysophyllum cainito. 
 
 SIDE-SADDLE-PLANT, Sarracenia. 
 
 SIDHEE, see Gunjah. 
 
 SIDMOUTH (CLIMATE OF). Sidmouth is 
 in Devonshire, England, on the sea-beach, at 
 the mouth of the Sid. It is much frequented by 
 invalids, both during the summer and winter. 
 The climate is, however, damp, and subject to 
 sea-fogs. 
 
 SIEGE, Anus. 
 
 SIELISMOS, Salivation. 
 
 SIELON, Saliva. 
 
 SIEVE, see Cribration — s. Drum, see Cribra- 
 tion. 
 
 SIFFLEMENT {¥.), from siffler, 'to whistle.' 
 Whistling. 
 
 SIFFLE.VENT MOD ULE, Chant des artlres, 
 Bruit musical, 'modulated whistling, or music of 
 the arteries.' A kind of sound heard on auscul- 
 tation, resembling, at times, the humming of cer- 
 tain insects. Various musical sounds, {¥.) Bruits 
 musicaux, are described from fancied resem- 
 blances : — as Bruit de 2}iaulement,resemh\mg the 
 clucking of the hen; — Bruit de jappement, re- 
 sembling the barking or yelping of a young 
 dog, &c. 
 
 The sound is chiefly met with in those labour- 
 ing under chlorosis. 
 
 SIGAULTIAN SECTION, Symphyseotomy. 
 SIGE, Taciturnity. 
 SIGH, Suspirium. 
 
 SIGHT, Vision — s. Askew, Dysopia lateralis 
 — s. False, Metamorphopsia, Pseudoblepsia — s. 
 Feebleness of, Amblyopia. 
 
 SIGILLUM SALAMONIS, Convallaria poly- 
 gonatum — s. Virginitatis, Hymen. 
 SIGMATOID, Sigmoid. 
 
 SIGMOID, Sigmoid'al, Sig'matoid, SigmoVdes, 
 Sigmo'des, Sigmoi'deus ; from sigma and £i(5of, 
 ' resemblance.' That which has the form of the 
 Greek S or C. 
 
 Sigmoid Cartilages, Semilunar cartilages. 
 Sigmoid Catities orFoss^ of the Ulna, (F.) 
 Cavites ou Fosses signio'ides, are two notches at 
 the upper part of that bone, — one for the recep- 
 tion of the humerus; the other for that of the 
 radius. 
 
 Sigmoid Flexure of the Colon, Flexu'ra 
 
 sigmo'i'dea seu ili'aca, is a turn the colon takes 
 
 immediately before its termination in the rectum. 
 
 Sigmoid Fossa (of the temporal bone), Fossa 
 
 sigmoidea. 
 
 Sigmoid or Semilunar Valves, Yalvida Sig- 
 mo'idea, Proces'sus Sigmoi'de.s, (F.) Valvules sig- 
 mo'ides ou semilunaires, are three valvular folds, 
 at the commencement of the pulmonary artery 
 and aorta. These valves have the form of a 
 crescent, when applied against the parietes of 
 the vessel. When the blood is sent from the 
 ventricles by their contraction, the valves are 
 applied against the sides of the vessel; but, 
 during the diastole of the ventricle, they are de- 
 pressed, and prevent the blood from returning to 
 the heart. At the middle of the convexity of 
 each valve is a small, hard, triangular granulum, 
 called Corpus' culum seu Gloh'ulus Aran'tii, which 
 completely closes up the passage. It is, also, 
 called Corptisculum Morgagn'ii and C. Sesamo'i- 
 deum, (F.) Globule d'Arantius. 
 
 SIGN, Signnm, Semi'on, (F.) Signs. Any 
 present or past circumstance, afforded by the ex- 
 amination of a patient, or of matters concerning 
 him, whence a conclusion may be drawn regard- 
 ing the nature and seat of his disease. The phe- 
 nomena which precede the disease are called an- 
 amnes'tic or commem'orafive signs ; — those which 
 accompany it are termed diagnos'tic, if they 
 reveal the nature or seat of the disease, — prog- 
 nos'tic, when they indicate its probable duration 
 and termination. See Symptom. 
 
 SIGNA ASSIDENTIA, see Assidens. 
 SIG'NATURE, Signafu'ra, Signa'tio, from 
 signnni, ' a sign ;' Episphagism' os. This term 
 was applied in the Eastern countries, in the 
 middle ages, to mystic characters of good or bad 
 augury, with which it was pretended that every 
 one was marked by the star under which he was 
 born. 
 
 Signatures of Plants meant certain peculia- 
 rities in their external formation or colour, which 
 indicated that they were adapted for particular 
 diseases: — as in the case of the Lungwort, Liver- 
 wort, &c. 
 
 SIGNES AVANT-COUREURS, Precursory 
 signs — s. Precurseurs, Precursory signs. 
 
 SIGNUM, see Parturition — s. Characteristi- 
 cum, see Pathognomonic — s. Conjunctum, see 
 Pathognomonic — s. Diacritieum, see Diacritica 
 signa — s. Morbi essentiale, see Pathognomonic. 
 
 SILACH, Silac. An Arabic word, used to 
 designate thickening of the eyelids, Crnssit''ies 
 Palpebra'rum ; and, also, Alopecia. — Forestus, 
 Stephanus. 
 
 SILENCE, see Murmur, respiratory. 
 SILENE CRASSIFOLIA, Cucubalus behen— 
 
SILER LANCIFOLIUM 
 
 840 
 
 SINGULTOUS 
 
 s, Inflata, Cucubalus behen — s. Thorei, Cucuba- 
 lus behen. 
 
 Sile'nk Virgin'ica, Ground PinJe, Wild Pinh, 
 Catch Fly. Ord. Caryophyllacece. The root 
 has been employed in decoction, as an efficacious 
 anthelmintic. 
 
 SiLKNE Pennsylvan'ica probably has the same 
 properties. 
 
 SILER LANCIFOLIUM, Laserpitium siler 
 
 — s. Montanum, Laserpitium siler. 
 SIL'IQUA, Gera'tion ; the carat. A weight 
 
 of about four grains. A pod. 
 
 SiLiQDA Arabica, Tamarindus — s. Araci aro- 
 Tnatici, see Vanilla — s. Banillse, see Vanilla — s. 
 Dulcis, Ceratonium siliqua — s. Vaniglise, see Va- 
 nilla — s. Vanillias, see Vanilla. 
 
 SILIQUASTRUM PLINII,Capsicum annuum. 
 
 SILK, Sericum. 
 
 SILK GRASS, Yucca filamentosa — s. Weed, 
 Asclepias SulUvantii, Asclepias tuberosa — s. AVeed, 
 common, Asclepias Syriaca — s. Weed, flesh-co- 
 loured, Asclepias inearnata — s. Weed, swamp, 
 Asclepias inearnata — s. Worm, see Sericum. 
 
 SILLON, Sulcus — s. Horizontal de la veine 
 ombilicale, see Liver — s. Transversale, see Liver 
 
 — s. de la Veine cave inferieur, see Liver — s. de 
 la Veine parte, see Liver. 
 
 STLLONNEMENT, Segmentation. 
 SILO, Camus. 
 SILPHIUM, Laserpitium. 
 Silph'ium Laciniatum, Rosin weed, Compass 
 plant, Polar plant. 
 
 SiLPHiUM Perpolia'tum, Cup Plant, Turpen- 
 tine Sun Flower, and 
 
 SiLPHiDM Terebinthina'ceum, Pra'irie Bur- 
 dock ; Nat. Order, Composite ; indigenous in 
 Ohio and Michigan, and flowering from July to 
 September ; yield a fragrant gum which is es- 
 teemed stimulant and antispasmodic. 
 
 SILURUS GLANIS, see Ichthyocolla. 
 
 SILUS, Camus. 
 
 SILVER, Argentum — s. Ammonio-ehloride of, 
 see Argentum — s. Chloride of, see Argentum — 
 s. Chloruret of, see Argentum — s. Cyanide of, see 
 Argentum —- s. Cyanuret of, see Argentum — s. 
 Iodide of, see Argentum — s. loduret of, see Ar- 
 gentum. 
 
 Silver Leaf, Magnolia macrophylla. 
 
 Silver, Muriate of, see Argentum — s. Nitrate 
 of, Argenti nitras — s. O.xide of, see Argentum. 
 
 Silver and Ammonia, Chloride of, see Ar- 
 gentum — s. and Ammonia, chloruret of, see Ar- 
 gentum— s. and Soda, Hyposulphite of, Sodse et 
 argenti hyposulphis. 
 
 SILYBUM, Carduus marianus — s. Maculatum, 
 Carduus marianus — s. Marianum, Carduus ma- 
 rianus. 
 
 SIMA'BA CEDRON. JVa*. i^ctm. SimarubacesB. 
 A South American tree, the seeds of which — 
 cedron seeds — have been used as an antidote for 
 snake-bites. They have, also, been proposed in 
 mental diseases and in epilepsy. The scrapings 
 of the wood have been used as a substitute for 
 sulphate of quinia. 
 
 Simaba Quassioides, Nima quassioides. 
 
 SIMAROUBA, Quassia simarouba — s. Bitter, 
 Quassia simarouba— s. Faux, Malpighia mourella. 
 
 SIMARUBA, Quassia simarouba. 
 
 SiMARUBA Ot'FiciMALTS, Quassia simarouba. 
 
 SIMILATIO, Assimilation. 
 
 SIMITIUM, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 
 SIMO. Camus. 
 
 SIMONEA FOLLICULORUM, Acarus folli- 
 culorum. 
 
 SIMOTRACHELUS. Bysauchen. 
 
 SIMPLER'S JOY, Verbena hastata. 
 
 SIMPLES. Medicinal herbs. One skilled in 
 simples is called a Simplist, a Bhizot'omist. 
 
 SIMPLIST, see Simples. 
 SIMULATED DISEASES, Feigned diseases. 
 SIMULATI MORBI, Feigned diseases. 
 SIMUS, Camus. 
 
 SINA LEVANTICA, Artemisia santonica. 
 SINAPELiE'ON, from aivant, 'mustard,' and 
 tXatov, 'oil.' Oil impregnated with mustard. 
 SINAPI, Sinapis. 
 
 SINA'PIS, iS". nigra seu- cer'nua seu Olive- 
 ria'na, Bras'sica nigra, Ifapris, Fru'ca, Sina'pe, 
 Sina'pii, Sine'pi, Na'pium, Nap>}/, Common Black 
 Mustard, (F.) Jfodtarde noire oil grise, Seneve, 
 Sauve. Ord. Cruciferge. Sex. Si/st. Tetradyna- 
 mia Siliquosa. The seeds are inodorous, when 
 entire ; but, when bruised, the colour is very pun- 
 gent; taste bitterish and acrid. They yield their 
 virtues to water, and afford a bland oil by expres- 
 sion. The seeds are stimulant, diuretic, emetic, 
 and rubefacient. They are sometimes recom- 
 mended to be swallowed whole, in dyspepsia, tor- 
 por of the bowels, &c. Externally, they are ap- 
 plied in the form of cataplasm. See Sinapism. 
 
 SiNAPis Alba, S. folio' sa, Bonannia officina'lis, 
 Napns Leuco-sinct'pis, White Mustard, is also used 
 medicinally. It is somewhat less pungent than 
 the black. The distilled oil — Oleum Sinapis — is 
 a powerful stimulant and rubefacient. In the 
 pharmacopoeias of tho United States and London, 
 Sina2ns is the seeds of Sinapis nigra and Sinapis 
 alba. 
 
 Whitehead's Essence of 3Iustard consists of oil 
 of tiirpentine, cajiiphor, a.nd a portion o{ spirit of 
 Rosemary : to which is added a small quantity 
 of flour of mustard. It is a celebrated embroca- 
 tion for rheumatism, &c. 
 
 Whitehead's Essence of Mustard Pills consist 
 of yellow resin and halsam of tolu enough to 
 make into pills. 
 
 31ustard Whey is made by taking bruised mus- 
 tard seeds ^ss, and milk Oj. Boil together until 
 the milk is curdled, and strain. 
 This whey is used in dropsy. 
 Sinapis Arven'sis, S. Timoria'na, Charlock, 
 Wild Mustard, Oarlock, Ghadlock, Runsh, (Sc.) 
 Runches, Scaldricks, Skelloch, Skellie. The seeds 
 are sometimes substituted for black mustard. 
 
 Sinapis Cer'nua, Sinapis — s. Eruca, Brassica 
 eruca — s. Foliosa, S. alba — -s. Nigra, see Sinapis 
 alba — s. Oliveriana, Sinapis — s. Tamoriana, S. 
 arvensis — s. Tuberosa, Brassica rapa. 
 SINAPISIS, Bole Armenian. 
 SIN'APISM, Sinapis'mus, from sinapis, 'mus- 
 tard.' A cataplasm, of which mustard forms the 
 basis, which is used for exciting redness, and 
 acting as a counter-irritant. It is prepared by 
 mixing flour of mustard and vinegar together to 
 the due consistence. See Cataplasma sinapis. 
 
 SIN'CIPUT, Sincip'ital Region, Syn'cipnt, 
 BemicephalcB'um. The French use it synony- 
 mously with vertex, Mesocra'niwn, 31esocra'nnm. 
 By some, it is applied to the frontal region or fore- 
 part, or forehalf of the cranium, Hemieephal'ium, 
 Hemiceph' alum. The parietal bones have been 
 called sincipital hones, Ossa sincip'itis, (F.) Os 
 du sinciput. 
 
 SINDON, atv&wv, very fine linen. A small 
 piece of rag, or round pledget, supported by a 
 thread at the middle, and introduced into the 
 opening in the cranium made by the trephine. 
 SINE PI, Sinapis. 
 SINEW, Tendon. 
 
 SINGLETON'S GOLDEN OINTMENT is 
 formed of sulphuret of arsenic (realgar,) and lard 
 or spermaceti ointment. 
 
 SINGULT'OUS, Lygmo'des, Lygo'des, Lyngo'- 
 des, Lynggo'des, (F.) Singulteux, from singultus, 
 ' hiccough.' Relating to or affected with hic- 
 cough. 
 
SINGULTUS 
 
 841 
 
 SINUS 
 
 SINGUL'TUS, Lynx, Lygmus, Spasmohjri'miis, 
 Clonus seu Pneusis singul'tus. Hiccough, Hiccup, 
 (Prov.) Heuks, Yoke, (So.) Eskin, Eeskin, (F.) 
 Hoquet. A noise made by the sudden and in- 
 voluntary contraction of the diaphragm, and the 
 simultaneous contraction of the glottis, which 
 arrests the air in the trachea. It is a symptom 
 of many morbid conditions, and especially of 
 gangrene, but occurs, frequently, in persons 
 otherwise in good health. 
 
 SIN'ISTRAD, from sinister, 'to the left hand.' 
 A term used by Dr. Barclay, adverbially, to sig- 
 nify ' towards the sinistral aspect.' See Mesial. 
 
 SINISTRAL ASPECT, see Mesial. 
 
 SINKING, FATAL, Shock, nervous. 
 
 STNUEUX, Sinuous. 
 
 SINUOSITAS, Sinus. 
 
 SIN'UQUS, Sinuo'sus, (F.) <S'//!Mfi":r, from sinus, 
 'a bay or curve.' An epithet given to certain 
 ulcers, and especially to certain fistula3, which 
 are tortuous. 
 
 SINUS, Sinuo'sifas, Oolpos, Ahscon'sio, Eury- 
 cho'ria, Reces'sun, (F.) Golfe, 'a cavity.' Any 
 cavity, the interior of which is more expanded 
 ttian the entrance. In this sense, anatomists 
 have applied the term to cavities in certain bones 
 of the head and face. It has been, also, applied 
 to certain venous canals, into which a number 
 of vessels empty themselves; such as the sinuses 
 of the dura mater and of the spine; the sinus of 
 the vena porta; uterine sinuses, &c. ; — and to the 
 bosom. 
 
 In surgery, it means a long, narrow, hollow 
 track, leading from some abscess, diseased bone, 
 &c., (F.) Clapier. 
 
 Sinuses of bones form part of the nasal cavi- 
 ties. They are the frontal, sphenoidal, maxil- 
 lary, <fcc. The name has also been given, occa- 
 sionally, to the ethmoid and mastoid cells. 
 
 Sinus Acusticus, Auditory canal, internal — 
 s. Ampullaceus, Cavitas elliptica — s. Aortici, Si- 
 nuses of Valsalva — s. Arteriosus, S. pulmonalis — 
 s. Basilar, Sinus transversus — s. Caverneux, Caver- 
 nous sinus — s. Cavernosi uteri. Sinus uterini — s. 
 Cavernosus, Cavernous sinus — s. Cerebri, Ven- 
 tricles of the brain — s. Ohoroidien, S. quartus — 
 s. Circular, of Ridley, Sinus coronarius — s. Cir- 
 cularis, S. coronarius — s. Communis, see Semi- 
 circular canals — s. Coronaire du cveur, see Car- 
 diac veins. 
 
 SlNOS Corona'bius, S.- circida'ris seu circit- 
 la'ris Rid'leyi, Circidar sinus of Ridley, Cor' onctry 
 sinus. A venous canal, which surrounds, in a 
 more or less regular manner, the pituitary fossa 
 and gland, emptying itself into the corresponding 
 cavernous sinus by each of its extremities. 
 
 Sinus, Coronary, Sinus coronarius — s. Coro- 
 nary of the heart. Sinus coronary, venous. 
 
 Sinus Coronary, Venous, Coronary sinus of 
 the heart. A name given, on account of its great 
 size, to that portion of the great coronary vein 
 which embraces the left auriculo-ventricular fur- 
 row. 
 
 Sinus CoXjE, see Cotyloid — s. Droit, S.^uarins. 
 
 Sinus Dexter Cordis, S. vena'rnm eava'rum 
 sou veno'sus, Saccus vena'rum eava'rum. The 
 right auricle of the heart: — A'trium cordis dex- 
 trum. See Auricula. 
 
 Sinuses of the Dura Mater, S. seu Fis'tulcB 
 seu Gavit.a'tes seu Ventric'uli seu Tu'hxdi seu 
 Sanguiduc'tus seu Rece2otac'ul.a Dura matris, are 
 formed by a separation of the layers of the dura 
 mater, which acts as a substitute for the outer 
 membrane of veins. Bichat admits only four 
 great sinuses, of which all the others seem to be 
 dependencies; — the two lateral sinuses, the 
 straight sinus, and the longitudinal sinus. To 
 the lateral sinuses belong,, — the petrous sinuses, 
 superior and inferior ; the transverse sinus ; the 
 
 cavernous sinuses ; the coronary sinus, and the 
 occipital sinuses. To the straight sinus belongs 
 the inferior longitudinal. The longitudinal sinus, 
 properly so called, has no sinus under its depend- 
 ence. 
 
 Sinus Falciformis Inferior, S. longitudinal., 
 inferior — -s. Falciformis superior, S. longitudinal., 
 superior — s. Fourth, Toreular Herophili — s. Genaa 
 pituitarius. Antrum of Highmore — s. of the Jugu- 
 lar vein, see Jugular veins — s. Lacrymalis, La- 
 chrymal sac — s. Lactiferus, see Lactiferous ves- 
 sels. 
 
 Sinuses of the Larynx, Ventricles <5f the 
 larynx. 
 
 Sinuses, Lat'eral, Sinits transver'si, S. magni, 
 S. latera'les, (F.) Sinus lateraux. Each of these 
 sinuses, distinguished into right and left, begins 
 at the toreular Herophili or confluence of the 
 sinuses, and terminates at the sinus of the jugular 
 vein. ^ 
 
 SINUS LATERAUX, Sinuses, lateral. 
 
 Sinuses, Longitu'dinal, S. Longitudina'les. 
 These are two in number. 1. Superior Longi- 
 tudinal Sinus, S. faleifor'mis siq^erior seu trian- 
 gula'ris. Sinus median, (Ch.) A long, triangular 
 canal; convex above, concave below; which oc- 
 cupies the whole of the upper edge of the falx 
 cerebri. It is broad behind, and much narrower 
 before, where it commences by a ctd-de-sac, at 
 the crista galli of the ethmoid bone. It passes 
 along the frontal or coronal crest, sagittal suture, 
 and the vertical groove of the occipital bone. It 
 receives several veins from the dura mater; and 
 all those that are spread over the convex and 
 plain surfaces of the two hemispheres of the 
 brain. It discharges itself into the upper part 
 of the toreular Herophili. 2. Inferior Longi- 
 tudinal Sinus, <S'. faleifor'mis inferior, Vena 
 falcis cer'ebri. This is much narrower than the 
 last, and occupies the inferior edge of the falx 
 cerebri, from its anterior third to the tentorium 
 cerebelli, where it terminates, commonly by twff 
 branches, in the straight sinus. 
 
 Sinus Magni, Sinuses, lateral — s. Maxillary, 
 Antrum of Highmore — s. 3Iedian, Sinus longi-. 
 tudinal superior — s. Median, see Semicircular 
 canals — s. Muliebris, Vagina. 
 
 Sinus, Occip'ital, Sinus occi^^ita'lis. These 
 sinuses commence at the sides of the foramen 
 magnum ossis oceipitis, and ascend — becoming 
 broader and nearer each other — into the sub- 
 stance of the falx cerebelli, where they frequently 
 unite. Each opens into the inferior part of the 
 toreular Herophili. They receive the veins of 
 the falx cerebelli, of the dura mater which lines 
 the fossae cerebelli, and of the posterior part of 
 the cerebellum. Haller and Sommering have 
 given them the name of posterior oceijiital sinuses, 
 to distinguish them from the transverse sinus, 
 which they have called anterior occipital sinus. 
 
 Sinus Occipitalis Anterior, Sinus transver- 
 sus — s. Ophthalmic, see Cavernous sinus — s. Per- 
 pendicularis, S. quartus — s. Ovatus, see Crista 
 vestibuli — s. Pituitarii frontis. Frontal sinuses — s. 
 Pocularis, see Ejaculatory ducts — s. Polymorpbus, 
 Cavernous sinus — s. Portarum, see Liver — s. 
 Prostata, see Ejaculatory Ducts — s. Pudendi, 
 Vagina — s. Pudoris, Vagina, Vulva — s. Pulmo- 
 nales. Sinuses of Valsalva. 
 
 Sinus Pulmona'lis, S. sinis'ter cordis seu ve- 
 na'rum 2}ulmona'lium seu arterio'sus, Saccus ve- 
 na'rum pulmona'lium, A'trium cordis sinis'trum. 
 The left auricle of the heart. See Auricula. 
 Sinus op the Pulmonary Veins, Auricle, left. 
 Sinus Qua.rtus, S. perpendicula'ris. Straight 
 sinus, (F.) Sinus choro'idien (Ch.), Sinus droit. This 
 sinus — triangular throughout ; wide posteriorly; 
 narrower anteriorly ; slightly oblique downwards 
 and backwards — passes along the base of the falx 
 
SIPEERI 
 
 842 
 
 SITZBATH 
 
 cerebri, from the termination of the inferior lon- 
 gitudinal sinus to the torcular Herophili. It re- 
 ceives the inferior longitudinal sinus, the veins 
 of the lateral ventricles or vencB Galeni, the supe- 
 rior cerebellous veins, &e. 
 
 Sisus Plenum, Pelvis of the kidney — s. Ehom- 
 hoideus, see Ventricles of the brain — s. Rotundus, 
 see Crista vestibuli — s. of the Septum lucidum. 
 Ventricle, fifth— ^s. Sinister cordis, S. pulmonalis 
 — s. Sphenoidalis, Cavernous sinus — s. Straight, 
 S. quartus — s. Superciliares, Frontal sinuses — s. 
 Terminalis, Circulus venosus — s. Transversi, 
 Sinuses, lateral. 
 
 Sinus Teansver'sus, S. oecipita'lis anie'rior, 
 Bas'ilar sinus. This sinus lies transversely at 
 the anterior part of the basilary process of the 
 occipital bone. It forms a communication be- 
 tween the two petrous sinuses, and the cavernous 
 sinus of one side, and those of the other. Its 
 breadth is commonly very great. It is situate 
 between two layers of the dura mater, and pre- 
 sents, internally, a kind of cavernous tissue. 
 
 Sinus Triangularis, S. longitudinal, superior 
 — s. Urogenitalis, Urogenital sinus. 
 
 Sinus, Uteri'ni, S. cavemo'si U'teri, U'terine 
 sinuses. A name given to cavities, formed by 
 the uterine veins in the substance of the uterine 
 parietes. They are very large during pregnancy. 
 
 Sinus Utriculosus, see Semicircular canals — 
 s. des Vaisseaux seminiferes, Corpus Highmori. 
 
 Sinuses of Valsal'va are three depressions 
 in the aorta — Sinns aor'tici, — and pulmonary ar- 
 tery — Sinus puhnona'les — immediatelj' opposite 
 the semilunar valves. Their use is to leave the 
 edges of the valves free, so that they can be 
 caught by the refluent blood. Where the aorta 
 is about to send off the first of its large branches, 
 n.t the top of the thorax, it is of great size, and 
 Las been called the Large sinus of Valsalva. 
 
 Sinus op the Vena Cava, Auricle, right — s. 
 Venarum cavarum, S. dexter cordis — s. Venarum 
 pulmonalium, S. pulmonalis — s. Venosus, S. dex- 
 ter cordis. 
 
 Si'nuSES, Ver'tebrAL, (F.) Simis vertehraux. 
 Two great venous sinuses, different from those of 
 the dura mater, which extend the whole length 
 of the vertebral canal, from the occipital foramen 
 to the end of the sacrum, behind the bodies of the 
 vertebrse, before the dura mater, and at the sides 
 of the posterior vertebral ligament. At their in- 
 ner side they communicate with each other by 
 means of branches, which form true transverse 
 sinuses. They are situate at the middle of the 
 body of each vertebra, passing under the posterior 
 vertebral ligament. They receive, at their mid- 
 dle part, the veins that arise in the spongy tissue 
 of the vertebrae. By their external side, the ver- 
 tebral sinuses communicate with the posterior 
 branches of the vertebral, intercostal, and lum- 
 bar veins. At their posterior side they receive 
 the veins, which creep on the prolongation of the 
 dura mater that envelops the marrow. 
 
 Sinus Vulv.e, Rima vulvas. 
 
 SIPEERI, Bebeeru. 
 
 SIPEERINE, see Bebeeru. 
 
 SIPHAR, Peritoneum. 
 
 SIPHILIS, Syphilis. 
 
 SIPHITA, Somnambulism — s. Prava, Chorea. 
 
 SIPHO, Siphon — s. Urinae, Diabetes. 
 
 SIPHON, Sipho, ai^av, ' a tube.' A bent tube, 
 whose limbs are of unequal length, employed in 
 pharmacy for transferring liquids from one vessel 
 to another. With this view, the shorter limb is 
 plunged into the liquid ; and air is sucked from 
 the extremity of the lower limb. The pressure 
 of the atmosphere forces the fluid through the 
 tube; and the flow will continue as long as the 
 extremity of the longer limb is below the level 
 
 of the fluid in which the shorter limb is im- 
 mersed. 
 
 An exhausting syringe is, at times, attached to 
 the longer extremity of the siphon, by means of 
 which the air can be drawn from it. 
 
 Siphon, Plunging. An instrument, used in 
 pharmacy for obtaining a specimen, — at times, a 
 measured specimen, — of any liquid. With this 
 view, the instrument is immersed into liquid, and 
 allowed to remain there until full. The opening 
 at the top is then closed with the thumb; and 
 the contents, thus removed, are allowed to flow 
 out by removing the thumb and permitting the 
 entrance of air. It is a form of fbe pipette. 
 
 SIPHONIA CAHUCHU, see Caoutchouc — s. 
 Elastica, see Caoutchouc. 
 
 SIPHUNCELUS, Syringe. 
 
 SIRA, Orpiment. 
 
 SIRENS, Symmeles. 
 
 SIRIASIS, Coup de Soleil, Insolation, Phre- 
 nitis — s. .SUsrptiaca, Coup de Soleil. 
 
 SIRIUM MYRTIFOLIUM, Santalum album, 
 
 SIRIUS, Canicula. 
 
 STROP, Syrup — s. de Copillaire, see Adiantum 
 capillus veneris — s. de Coralline, see Corallina 
 Corsicana— s. Simple, Mel despumatum. 
 
 SIRUP, Syrup. 
 
 SISON AMMI, uStliu'sa ammi, Cnid'ium tenui- 
 fo'lium, Pinijiinella laterifo'lia, Ses'eli fceniculi- 
 fo'lium. Ord. UmbelliferEe. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
 tandria Digynia. The plant that affords the 
 Ammi verum of the shops; (F.) Ammi des Bou- 
 tiques. The seeds — Semen Am'mios cretici seu 
 veri — were once used as a carminative. 
 
 SisoN Amo'muii, (F.) Amome faux, is consi- 
 dered to be excitant and diuretic. It is Vae field 
 honeiBort. 
 
 SisoN Anisum, Pimpinella anisum — s. Poda- 
 graria, Ligusticum podagraria. 
 
 SISTENS, Epischeticus. 
 
 SISYMBRIUM ALLIARIA, Alliaria— s. Bar- 
 barea. Erysimum barbarea — s. Erucastrum, Bras- 
 siea eruca — s. Menthastrum, Mentha aquatica. 
 
 Sisym'brium Nastur'tium, Ifasturtium aquat'- 
 icum seu officina'le, Laver odora'tum, Cralevee'- 
 sium, Cressi, Cardami'ne fonta'na seu nastur'tium, 
 Water Cress, (F.) Cresson de fontaine. Ord. 
 Cruciferse. Sex. Syst. Tetradynamia Siliquosa. 
 Water-cresses are commonly used in salad. They 
 have obtained a place in the materia mediea for 
 their antiscorbutic qualities. 
 
 Sisymbrium Officinale, Erysimum — s. Par- 
 viflorum, S. sophia. 
 
 Sisymbrium So'phia, S. parvifo'rum, Herb 
 Sophia, So2}hia Chirurgo'rum, FUx or Flux weed, 
 (F. ) Sagesse des Chirurgiens. It was once re- 
 puted to be anthelmintic, and valuable in hyste- 
 rical affections. It is not used. 
 
 Other species oi Nasturtium, as N. Palus'tre, 
 Marsh water-cress ; and N. Amphib'ium, Water- 
 radish, possess similar virtues with Nasturtium 
 oflBcinale. 
 
 SISYRIN'CHIUM BBRMUDIA'NUM, Blve- 
 eyed Lily. Physic or Scurvy grass; indigenous ; 
 Order, Iridacete ; flowering from June to August. 
 Used as a cathartic by the Thompsonians. A 
 decoction of the root is acrid and cathartic. 
 
 SITICULOSUS, Dipsodes, see Alterative. 
 
 STTIENS, Dipsodes. 
 
 SITIS, Thirst — s. Intensa, Polydipsia — s. 
 Morbosa, Polvdipsia. 
 
 SITKA, MINERAL WATERS OF. See Arch- 
 ana:el. New, mineral waters of. 
 
 SITOS. Aliment. 
 
 SITUS ALIENUS, Ectopia— s. Anomalus seu 
 perversus intestinorum, Splanchnectopia — s. Mu- 
 tatus. Ectopia, see Monster — s. Perversus, Ec- 
 topia. 
 
 SITZBATH, see Bath, half. 
 
SIUM 
 
 843 
 
 SMALLAGE 
 
 SIUM, S. nodiflo'rum seu angustifv'lium seu 
 Bev'ula sou erec'tum seu inci'snm, A'piiim sium, 
 Helioacia'dium nodiflo'rum, Ber'ida atigiistifo'lia, 
 Ber'ida, Creeping Water-parsnep, (F.) Berle no- 
 diflore. Ord. Umbelliferas. Sex. Syst. Pentan- 
 dria Digj'nia. It is stimulant, and supposed to 
 be diuretic and lithontriptic. It is, sometimes, 
 employed in cutaneous eruptions. 
 
 SiUJi AsGUSTiFOLiDM, S. nodiflorum — s. Apium, 
 Apium graveolens — s. Berula, S. nodiflorum — s. 
 Bulboeastanum, Bunium bulbocastanum — s. Car- 
 v\, Carum — s. Erectum, S. nodiflorum — s. Graveo- 
 lens, Apium graveolens — s.Incisum, S. nodiflorum. 
 
 Sium Latifo'lium is the common \Vater-2Hir- 
 snep of the United States. It is said to be poi- 
 sonous. 
 
 Siuii Luna're. The root is eaten by the Che- 
 pewyans. It has an agreeable nutty flavour. By 
 the Canadians, it is called Queue de Rat. The 
 poisonous roots of Cicuta virosa, C. maculata, and 
 C. bulbifera, are often mistaken for it. — Sir J. 
 Richardson. 
 
 Sium Ninsi. The plant whose root is called 
 Radix Ninsi, Ninzin, Nindsin. This root was 
 long supposed to be the same as ginseng, and it 
 possesses similar, though weaker properties. See 
 Panax schinseng. 
 
 SiDM NoDiFLORDii, Sium — s. Silaus, Peuceda- 
 num siiaus. 
 
 Sium Sis'arum, Skirret, (F.) Ckervi, Girole, is 
 used as a salad in Europe ; and has been thought 
 a useful diet in chest affections. 
 
 Sium Vulgare, Ligusticum podagraria. 
 
 SIVVEN, Rubus id^us. 
 
 SIVVENS, Sibbens. 
 
 SKAW, Scall. 
 
 SKEELY, Strabismus. 
 
 SKELETIA, Emaciation. 
 
 SKELETOL'OGY, SceletoUg"ia, (F.) Sqiielet- 
 tologie, from skeleton, and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' A 
 treatise on the solid parts of the body. This 
 part of anatomy comprehends Osteology and 
 Syndeamology. 
 
 SKEL'ETON, Scel'etum, Sceleton, Cadav'er ex- 
 si cea' turn; (Old Eng. and Pro v.) At'omy, Anat'- 
 omy, (Sc.) Spaig, (F.) Squelette, Charpente osse- 
 nse : {(jKcXtTos, ' dried up,' from aKtWo), ' I dry.') A 
 dried body. The aggregate of the hard parts 
 of the body, or the bones. A skeleton is found 
 in almost all animals, although it may not always 
 be formed in the same manner. In some, as in 
 the Crustacea and testaeea, it is wholly or partly 
 external, Exo-skeleton, Dermo-skeletoii. In others, 
 as in birds, the mammalia, &c., it is internal, 
 Endo-skeleton, Neuro-skeleton. It serves as a 
 Bupport for other organs. On it the general 
 Bhape of the body and of its various parts is 
 ereatly dependent. When the bones are united 
 By their natural ligaments, the skeleton is said to 
 be natural, Scel'etum natura' le ; when articulated 
 by means of wires, artificial or articulated, Scel'- 
 etum artificia'le. 
 
 SKELETOPCE'IA, Sceletopw'a, Seeleteu'sis, 
 from skeleton, and n-oitu), '1 make.' The part of 
 practical anatomy which treats of the preparation 
 of bones, and the construction of skeletons. 
 Bones are prepared to exhibit their conformation, 
 structure, chymical composition, mode of develop- 
 ment, and changes; the diff'erent cavities formed 
 by their union; and to demonstrate their connex- 
 ions, relations, modes of union, <&c. 
 
 SKELLIE, Sinapis arvensis. Strabismus. 
 
 SKELLOGH, Sinapis arvensis. 
 
 SKEVISCH, Erigeron Philadelphicum. 
 
 SKEVISH, FLEABANE, Erigeron Philadel- 
 phicum. 
 
 SKEW-SIGHT, Dysopia lateralis. 
 
 SKIN. Cutis — s. Bronzed, see Capsule, renal. 
 
 SKIN-BIND, Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 
 SKIN-BOUND DISEASE, Induration of the 
 cellular tissue. 
 
 SKIN, SCARP, Epidermis. 
 
 SKIN-TIGHT, Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 
 SKIOMACHIA, Sciomachy. 
 
 SKIRRET, Sium sisarum. 
 
 SKIRRHUS, Scirrhus. 
 
 SKIRSE, Scirrhus. 
 
 SKITTER, Diarrhoea. 
 
 SKOKE, Phytolacca decandra. 
 
 SKOLEMORA FERNAMBUCENSIS, Geof- 
 fraja vermifuga. 
 
 SKOLIOSIS, Scoliosis. 
 
 SKUE-SIGHT, Dysopia lateralis. 
 
 SKULL, Cranium. 
 
 SKULL-CAP, Calvaria, Scutellaria galericu- 
 lata- — s. Cap, maddog, Scutellaria laterifolia. 
 
 SKUNK-CABBAGE, Dracontium foetidum. 
 
 SKUNK-WEED, Dracontium foetidum. 
 
 SLAB, Torticollis. 
 
 SLABBERING, Slavering. 
 
 SLATE, IRISH, Hibernicus lapis. 
 
 SLATERS, Onisci aselli. 
 
 SLATKAIA TRAVA, see Spirit. 
 
 SLAVERING, Slah'bering, Sloh'hering, Driv'- 
 elling, (Old E.) Pirtling, from saliva. Ptyalia'- 
 mus iners, (F.) Rave. Involuntary flow of saliva, 
 from sluggishness of deglutition, without in- 
 creased secretion. It is seen in the infant, the 
 aged, and the idiot. 
 
 SLEEP, Sax. rlep; Somnus, Sompiuis, Sopor, 
 Dormit"io, Hypnos, (F.) Sommeil. Temporary 
 interruption of our relations with external objects. 
 A repose of the organs of sense, intellectual facul- 
 ties, and voluntary motion. 
 
 The act of quitting this condition is called 
 awaking, (F.) Evigilation, Reveil. Sometimes this 
 is progressive and natural; at others, sudden and 
 starting; (F.) Reveil en snrsaut, — as in nightmare, 
 affections of the heart, hypochondriasis, &c. 
 
 Sleep, Magnet'ic, Hypno'sis hiomagnet'ica, is 
 the sleep induced by the so-called animal mag- 
 netism. See Magnetism, animal. 
 
 Sleep, Nervous, see Magnetism, animal. 
 
 SLEEPLESSNESS, Insomnia. 
 
 SLEEP-WALKING, Somnambulism. 
 
 SLIACS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Sliacs 
 is a favourite bathing-place in Hungary, a fevf 
 miles from Neusohl. Some of the waters are 
 cold; others, thermal : the former are carbonated 
 chalybeates; the latter are much used in the 
 same cases as thermal springs in general. 
 
 SLIDING OF THE FLAP, see Flap. 
 
 SLIEVE-FISH, Sepia. 
 
 SLING, (G.) Schlinge, Mitel'la, Mit'rium, 
 (F.) Echorpe. A bandage employed to keep the 
 forearm bent on the arm, in cases of injury done 
 to those parts, in fracture of the clavicle, injury 
 of the hands, &c. A handkerchief is often sufli- 
 cient for this purpose. It must be folded dia- 
 gonally, and be tied, by the extremities, round 
 the neck. The French surgeons have used many 
 varieties of Echarpes or slings ; as the Grande 
 ee}iarpe,Ee}iarpe moyenne, Petite ecliarpe, Echarpe 
 de J. L. Petit, &c. 
 
 SLIPPERS, Impatiens. 
 
 SLIT AND TAIL BANDAGE, Invaginated 
 bandage. 
 
 SLOBBERING, Slavering. 
 
 SLOE, Viburnum prunifolium. 
 
 SLOE-TREE, Prunus spinosa. 
 
 SLOKE, GREEN, Ulva latissima. 
 
 SLOUGH, Eschar. 
 
 SLOVEN WOOD, Artemisia abrotanum, 
 
 SLOWS, Milk-sickness. 
 
 SLUG, Limax — s. Sea, BicTie de Mer, 
 
 SLUMBER, Somnolency. 
 
 SMALLAGE, Apium graveolens. 
 
SMALL-POX 
 
 844 
 
 SNUFFLES 
 
 SMALL-POX, Variola— s. Modified, Varioloid. 
 
 SMALT, Prntox'ide of Cohalt, Smaltum, Safre, 
 
 Znffre, Aztir, Blue Starch. This oxyd has been 
 
 given in i-heumatism, in the dose of ten to twenty 
 
 grains. A larger quantity excites vomij;ing. 
 
 SMARAG'DUS, trixapaySos, (P.) Emeraude. 
 The emerald. It was formerly regarded as a 
 tonie. 
 
 SMARTWEED, Polygonum hydropiper, P. 
 punctatum. 
 
 SMECTICA, Detergents. 
 SMECTIS, Cimolia terra. 
 SMECTRIS, Cimolia terra. 
 SMEGMA, (Tixrjyiia, from ajivx^iv, 'to wipe, to 
 rub off.' Soap, grease, a salve, a liniment. Also, 
 the secretion from the sebaceous follicles of the 
 skin. 
 
 Smegma Articulare, Synovia — s. Cutaneum, 
 see Sebaceous glands. 
 
 Smegma PRjEPu'Tir, Sebum jjrcBpntia'le. The 
 fatty secretion from the sebaceous follicles of the 
 glans penis. 
 
 SMBGMATORRHCEA, Stearrhoea. 
 SMEGMORRIiCEA, Stearrhoea. 
 SMELL. SENSE OF, Olfaction. 
 SMELLING, Olfaction. 
 
 SMELLOME'S OINTMENT FOR THE 
 EYES, Ceratum resinse. 
 
 SMILACI'NA RACEMO'SA, False Spike- 
 nard; indigenous; Oid. Liliaceje; is said to be 
 alterative, diuretic and diaphoretic. 
 
 SMILAX, aiii)^a^, Taxus baccata — s. Aspera 
 Chinensis, Smilax China — s. Aspera Peruviana, 
 Smilax sarsaparilla — s. Canellsefolia, S. pseudo- 
 China. 
 
 Smilax China, ^S". as'pera Chinen'm's. Oi-d. 
 Smilacese. Sex. Syst. Diosoia Ilexandria. The 
 root — China, Ch. orienta'lts sen pondei-o'sa seu 
 vera, Sankira, Gauquava, China root, (P.) Squine, 
 Esqnive, Racine de Chine. Formerly much used 
 in cutaneous and venereal affections. 
 
 Smilax Glauca; indigenous; has similar vir- 
 tues to those of S. Sarsaparilla. 
 
 Smilax HedeRvEfolia, S. pseudo-China — s. 
 Indica Spinosa, Smilax pseudo-China — s. Offici- 
 nalis, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 Smilax Pseudo-China, S. Tn'dica sjnno'sa seu 
 canelloifo'lia seu hedercefo'lia, China occidenta' lis 
 seu sjju'ria nodo'sa, American or West India 
 China. In scrofulous disorders, the root has 
 been often preferred to the oriental kind. In 
 other cases, it possesses similar virtues. 
 
 Smilax Sarsaparil'la, S. officina'lis, Sa7-sa- 
 paril'la, Sartaparil'la, Smilax as'pera Peruvia'- 
 na, Sarza, Sarsa, Carivillan'di, Iva Pecan'ga, 
 Ilacapatli, Zarsa, Zarzaparil'la, (F.) Salsepa- 
 reille. The root of this and other species of 
 Smilax is inodorous ; taste bitterish, feculaceous, 
 and fibrous; of a dark colour externally; white 
 within. It is possessed of diuretic and demulcent 
 properties, and has been often employed in the 
 sequelD3 of syphilis ; when, after a mercurial 
 course, nocturnal pains, ulcerations, &c., continue. 
 It has, also, been advised in scrofula, chronic 
 rheumatism, &c.; but its efficacy is, to say the 
 least of it, a matter of doubt. Dose, ^j <^o 3J 
 of the powder. 
 
 It is obtained from Honduras, Brazil, and 
 Peru — the varieties being called respectively, 
 Hondnras, (F.) Salsepareille de Honduras / Bra- 
 zil, (P.) S. de Bresil ou de Portugal, and Peru- 
 vian Sarsaparilla, (F.) S. de Peron ou caraque. 
 Smilax TamnoIdes ; indigenous ; has similar 
 properties. 
 
 SBIILE, ciiiXti. A curved, two-edged bistoury. 
 A. knife. 
 
 SMILEON, Scalpel. 
 SMIT, see Contagion. 
 
 SMITTLE, see Contagious. 
 SMYRNA, Myrrha. 
 SMYRNISMOS, Embalming. 
 SMYR'NIUM OLUSA'TRUM, Smyr'nium, 
 from (Tfjivpva, 'myrrh,' the odour of the seeds re- 
 sembling that of myrrh ; Hipposeli'num, Jilace- 
 ro'na, Macedonis'ium, Herha Alexandri'na, Gri'- 
 eliim, Agrioseli'num, Alexan'ders, Alsanders. A 
 plant formerly cultivated for culinary purposes. 
 The seeds are bitter and aromatic, and the roots 
 more powerfully bitter. They have been recom- 
 mended as resolvents, diuretics, emmenagogues, 
 &c. 
 
 SNAGGLE-TEETH, Odontoparallaxis. 
 SNAGREL, Aristolochia serpentaria. 
 SNAIL, Limax— s. Shell, Cochlea. 
 SNAKEHEAD, Chelone glabra. 
 SNAKEROOT, Garuleum , bipinnatum — s. 
 Birthwort, Aristolochia serpentaria — s. Black, 
 Act«a racemosa, Sanicula Marilandica — s. But- 
 ton, Eryngium aquaticum, Liatris spicata — s. 
 Canada, Asarum Canadense — s. Dewitt, Prenan- 
 thes — s. Evergreen, Polygala paucifolia — s. 
 Heart, Asarum Canadense — s. Virginiana, Aris- 
 tolochia serpentaria — s. White, Eupatorium age- 
 ratoides. 
 
 SNAKEWEED, Aristolochia serpentaria, He- 
 lenium autumnale, Polygonum bistorta — s. Ame- 
 rican, Cicnta maculata. 
 
 SNEEZING, from Sax. nieran, (G._)Niesen, 
 (probably an example of onomatopoeia,) Clonus 
 Sternuta'tio, Sternnta'tio, Sternutamen'lum, Ster- 
 numen'tum, Ptarmos, (Sc.) Needing, (F.) Etermie- 
 ment. A convulsive motion of the expiratory 
 muscles, by which the air is driven rapidlj', and 
 rushes sonorously, through the nasal fossaj, car- 
 rying with it the mucus and foreign bodies which 
 adhere to the pituitary membrane, and have occa- 
 sioned the movement. 
 
 SNEEZEWORT, Achillea ptarmica, Helenium 
 autumnale. 
 
 SNIRRELS, Nares. 
 SNOB. Nasal mucus. 
 
 SNORING, Snore, (Sax.) TnoPa, Rhenchus, 
 Renchus, Ehenxis, Ronchus, Rhonchus, Stertor, 
 (Sc.) Rowting (probably a case of onomatopoeia), 
 (P.) Ronjlement. Noise made in the posterior 
 part of the mouth and nasal fossae during the 
 movements of inspiration, particularly in sleep, 
 both when the person is in health, and in disease, 
 as in apoplexy. In certain affections of the 
 chest — in some cases of pulmonary catarrh — a 
 kind of snoring may be distinctly heard by ap- 
 plying the ear or the stethoscope to the chest. 
 SNOT, Nasal mucus. 
 SNOTH, Nasal mucus. 
 SNOUT, Nasus. 
 
 SNOW, Sax. rna]'. Nix, Chion, (F.) Neige. 
 Water in a solid state, which falls from the at- 
 mosphere in white flakes. It is used externally 
 as a tonic and discutient. 
 
 SNOWBALL, Cephalanthus occidentalis. 
 SNOWBERRY, Symphoriearpus racemosus. 
 SNOWDROP TREE, Chionanthus Virginica. 
 SNOW-BLINDNESS, Blindness produced by 
 the reflection of the solar light from snow. As a 
 preventive, Snoio Eyes are used by the Esqui- 
 maux. These are made of extremely light wood, 
 with a bridge resting on the nose like spectacles, 
 and a narrow slit for the passage of the light. 
 SNOW EYES, see Snow Blindness. 
 SNUFF, CEPHALIC, Pulvis asari composi- 
 tus. 
 
 SNUFFLES, Teut. Snuffeln (probably an 
 example of onomatopoeia), Grave'do neonato'rum, 
 Rhinan'gia, Rhinanch'one. Breathing hard 
 through the nose, often owing to accumulation 
 of the mucous secretions, — an affection to which 
 
SNURLE 
 
 845 
 
 SODA 
 
 infants are liable, and which is relieved by oiling 
 the interior of the nostrils. 
 
 SNURLE, Coryza. 
 
 SNURLES, Nares. 
 
 SOAP, Sapo — s. Acid, see Sapo. 
 
 Soap Berries, Sapindus saponaria. 
 
 Soap, Black, see Sapo — s. Castile, Sapo durus. 
 
 Soap of the Cocoa-nct Oil, see Sapo. 
 
 Soap, Common or Soft, see Sapo — s. Liquid, 
 see Sapo — s. Medicinal, see Sapo — s. Spanish, 
 Sapo durus — s. Yellow, see Sapo. 
 
 SOAPWORT, Saponaria. 
 
 SOB, from Sax. reopian, 'to grieve,' (probably 
 an example of onomatopoeia) ; (F.) Sanglot. A 
 spasmodic, sudden, and momentary contraction 
 of the diaphragm, immediately followed by re- 
 laxation, by which the little air, that the con- 
 traction has caused to enter the chest, is driven 
 out with noise. It is an evidence of corporeal or 
 mental suffering. 
 
 SOBBY, Corpulent. 
 
 SOBOLES, Epigone. 
 
 SOBRIETAS, Temperance. 
 
 SOCIA PAROTIDIS, see Parotid. 
 
 SOCI'ETY, Soci'etas, (P.) Societe, from socius, 
 ' a companion.' An association for the promotion 
 of some common object. 
 
 Societies, Medical. Associations of medical 
 gentlemen for the promotion of science have been 
 numerous, and productive of valuable results. 
 In the United States, societies exist in many of 
 the States, possessing the power of examining 
 into the qualifications of every one who may be 
 desirous of practising within their particular ju- 
 risdiction. In some of the States, however, the 
 qualified and unqualified are permitted to exer- 
 cise their profession with equal privileges and 
 immunities. 
 
 Amongst the medical associations that have 
 issued from time to time useful transactions or 
 publications, are the following: In America, — 
 The Ifassachusetts 3fedical Society ; the Phy- 
 sieo-medical, and Jledlcal Societies of the State 
 of New York; the College of Physicians of Phi- 
 ludelphia, and the Ame7-ican Bledical Association. 
 In Europe, — The Association of Fellows and 
 Licentiates of the King's and Queen's College of 
 Physicians of Ireland; the Medico- Chirurgtcal 
 and Phrenological Societies of Edinhurgh ; the 
 College of Physicians, the Aledico-Chirurgical 
 the Jfedical and the Sydenham Societies of Lon- 
 don ; the Associated A]}0thecaries and Surgeon 
 Apothecaries of England and Wales, and the Pro- 
 vincial Medical and Surgical Association ; the 
 Royal Academy of Surgery, the Royal Society of 
 Medicine, the Societe Medlcale d'Eniidation, the 
 Societe de Medecine, the Royal Academy of Medi- 
 cine, the Societe Jfedicale d' Observation, and the 
 Societe de Biologie, of Paris; the Medico-Chimr- 
 gical Academy of Vienna ; the Medical Societies 
 of Berlin and Copenhagen, &c., &c. In Asia, — 
 The 3Iedieal and Physical Society of Calcutta. 
 
 Valuable medical essays are likewise contained 
 in the published Transactions of the American 
 Philosophical Society; the Royal Societies of 
 London, Edinhurgh, Gottingen, Sec. ; the Imperial 
 Academy of Sciences of Paris ; the Imperial So- 
 ciety of Sciences of St. Petersburg and Vienna; 
 the Royal Academy of Sciences of Turin; the 
 Academia Lnperialis Leopoldina Natures Curio- 
 sorum, &o. 
 
 SOCORDIA, Hallucination. 
 
 SODA. An Arabic word. Protox'ide of so- 
 dium, (F.) Soude, is obtained by adding caustic 
 lime to a solution of carbonate of soda. The soda 
 in solution may be obtained by evaporation as 
 hydrate of soda. Its action is like that of potassa ; 
 but it is not officinal. 
 
 Soda impu'ra, BariVla, Barig'Ua, Baril'lor, 
 
 Soda Uispan'ica, Ana'tron, Natron, Ana'ton, 
 Nitritm Antiquo'rum, Kelp, Aphroni'trnm, Sal 
 alkali' nus fix-US fos'silis, Car'bonas SodcB im'pu- 
 rus, Subcar'bonas SodcB impiu'ra, Anachron. The 
 mineral cdkali is obtained from several sources ; 
 — naturally, in Egypt: artificially, from the in- 
 cineration of marine plants; and from the de- 
 composition of sulphate of soda, &c. It is prin- 
 cipally, however, derived from plants growing on 
 the sea-coast ; — as the Soho'la sati'va, S. soda, 
 S. tragus, Salicor'nia herba'cea, Salicornia Arab'- 
 ica, &c. The Barilla ashes are from the ashes 
 of the Salicor'nia Europm'a : the Kelp, Soude de 
 Varecq, from the Fucus vesiculo'sus and other 
 varieties; — the Turkey Barilla, Roquette, Cendre 
 du Levant, Rochet'ta Alexandri'?ia, from the Jfe- 
 sembryan'themum Coji'ticum ; — the Al'icant Ba- 
 riila,Soda Alicanti'na seu Alonen'sis, from the J/e- 
 semhryun'themum nodijio' rum ; — and the Cartha- 
 ge'na Barilla, from the Salicor'nia and Sulso'la. 
 
 Impure subcarbonate of soda, (F.) Sonde dn 
 commerce, consists of subcarbonate of soda, pot- 
 ash, chloride of sodium, clay and other earthy 
 substances. It is chiefly used for preparing the 
 pure subcarbonate. 
 
 Soda, Cardialgia, Cephalalgia, Pyrosis. 
 
 Soda Aceta'ta, Soda Ace'tas, Ac"etate of 
 Soda, Terra folia'ta minera'lis, (F.) Acetate de 
 soude. This salt is used in similar cases with the 
 acetate of potass. 
 
 Soda AiiRATA, Soda3 carbonas — s. Alonensis, 
 Soda — s. Biborate of. Borax — s. Bicarbonate of, 
 Sodae carbonas — s. Bilateof, Picromel—s. Borate 
 of. Borax — s. Boraxata, Borax. 
 
 Soda, Car'bonate op, Sod<s Car'bonas seu 
 Bicar'bonas, Carbonas Na'tricum, Soda Aera'ta, 
 Bicar'bonate of Soda, Carbonate of protox'ide of 
 Sodium. (F.) Carbonate de Soude, S. effervescente 
 ou ueree ou crayeuse. {Soda subcarb. Ibj, aqua 
 destill. Oiij. Dissolve the subcarbonate of soda, 
 and pass carbonic acid through the solution; set 
 it aside to crystallize.) Its use is the same as the 
 subcarbonate, than which it is less caustic, and 
 better adapted for effervescing draughts. 
 
 Soda Cau'stica, Protox'ide of So'dium, Caus- 
 tic Soda, (F.) Soude caustique, S. a la Chaux, 
 Soude pure. The impure subcarbonate, treated 
 by quicklime, and consequently deprived of its 
 carbonic acid. It may be used as a caustic like 
 the Potassa fusa, and is even preferable to it, as 
 it does not deliquesce and run 
 
 Soda, Chloride of, jS". Chlorina'ta, Sodm Chlo'- 
 ridum seu Chlorure'tum, Chlo'rinated Soda, Na- 
 irnm Oxymurial'icum, Oxymu'riate of Soda, (F.) 
 Chlorure de Soiale, Chlorure d'odcide de Sodium. 
 This salt is used as a disinfecting agent; both to 
 remove offensive smells in chambers, and to al- 
 ter the condition of fetid ulcers. See Liquor Sodas 
 Chlorinata;. 
 
 Soda, Chlorinated, Soda, chloride of — s. His- 
 panica, Soda — s. llydrochlorate of, Soda, mu- 
 riate of. 
 
 Soda, Hyposulph'itb of, Sodm hyposu^jh'is, 
 (F.) Byposulfite de Sowle. This salt has been 
 lately extolled in chronic cutaneous, and scrofu- 
 lous affections. It is given in syrup. 
 
 .Soda, Lithate of. Urate of soda — s. Mephite 
 of. Soda, subcarbonate of. 
 
 Soda, Mu'riate of, S. muria'*,a seu muriat'ica, 
 Al'kali minera'le sali'num, Sodm murias, S(d 
 commu'nis seu culiua'ris sen f on' tium seu gemma 
 seu mari'nus seu albus seu fos'silis seu lu'cidum, 
 J\[u'ria, Natron muria'tum, Nntriim muriat'icum, 
 Hydrochlo' rinas Na'tricus, Chlorure'tmn So'dii, 
 So'dii Chlo'ridum, Common salt, Sea salt. Rock 
 salt, Bay salt. White salt, Quadrichlo' ruret of So- 
 dium, HydrocMo'rate of protox'ide of Sodium, 
 Hydrochlo' rate of Soda, Chloride of Sodium, (F.) 
 Chlorure de Sodium, Sel marin, Sel de Cuisine. 
 
SODA 
 
 846 
 
 SOLANOID 
 
 In an impure state, this salt is one of the most 
 abundant of natural productions. It is soluble in 
 3 parts of water, and is tonie, purgative, and an- 
 thelmintic. Externally, stimulant. It is a well- 
 known and useful culinary substance. It has 
 been greatly recommended as an antiperiodic in 
 the dose of §ss or Ji.. 
 
 Soda, Nitrate of, Sodm Nitras, Natron seu 
 Natrum ni'tricum, Nitras na'tricus, Al'kali mine- 
 ra'le uitra'tumy Nitrum Rhomhoida'le seu cu'bi- 
 ctim, Niti-as Natricum, Salpe'tra, Nitrate of pro - 
 to.v'ide of So'dium, Protoni'trate of Sodium, Cubic 
 Nitre. Its virtues are similar to those of the ni- 
 trate of potass, for which it ha,s been substituted. 
 
 Soda, Oxymuriate of. Soda, chloride of. 
 
 Soda, Phosphate of, S. Phospliora'ta, SodcB 
 phos'phas, Phosphas Na'tricum, Natrum Oxphos- 
 phoro'des, Sal mirab'ile perla'tnm, Alkali mitie- 
 ra'le phosphor a' turn, Subphosphate of protox'ide 
 of Sodium, Subprotop>hosphaie of Sodium, Sub- 
 phos'phate of Soda, Triba'sic pihosphate of Soda, 
 Tasteless purging salt, (F.) Phosphate de Sonde, 
 Sel admirable perle. {Bone burnt to whiteness 
 and powdered, tbx; Sulphuric aciV/, Ibvj ; Car- 
 bonate of soda, q. s. Mix the bone with the 
 acid in a covered vessel, add a gallon of water, 
 and stir. Digest for three days, occasionally 
 adding a little water to that lost by evaporation, 
 and frequently stirring the mixture. Pour in 
 now a gallon of boiling water, and strain through 
 linen, gradually adding more boiling water, until 
 the liquor passes nearly tasteless. Set the strained 
 liquor by, that the dregs may subside ; from which 
 pour off the clear solution, and boil down to a gal- 
 lon. To this solution, poured off from the dregs 
 and heated in an iron vessel, add by degrees the 
 carbonate of soda previously dissolved in hot 
 water, until eifervescence ceases, and the phos- 
 phoric acid is completely neutralized ; then filter 
 the liquor, and set it aside to crystallize. Having 
 removed the crystals, add, if necessary, a small 
 quantity of carbonate of soda to the liquor, so as 
 to render it slightly alkaline; then alternately 
 evaporate and crystallize so long as crystals are 
 produced. Lastly, preserve the crystals in a well 
 stopped bottle. — Ph. U. S.) Cathartic, in the dose 
 of from ^ss to ,^j. 
 
 Soda, Phosphate of, tribasic, S. Phosphate 
 of — s. Powders, see Powders, Soda — • s. Springs, 
 see Water, Mineral (gaseous). 
 
 Soda, Subcarb'onatb of, SodcB Subcarbonas, 
 S. Carbonas (Ph. U. S.), Natron prapara'tum, 
 Sal Soda, S. al'kali, Flos Salis, Sagi'men Vitri, 
 Salt of Soda or of Barilla, Subcarbonate of pro- 
 tox'ide of Sodium, Mephite of Soda, (F.) Sous- 
 earbonaie de Soude. The impure carbonate, dis- 
 solved in water; the solution filtered and crys- 
 tallized. Soluble in two parts of water at 60°. 
 It is much used as an antacid ; and also as a deob- 
 struent in scrofulous and other affections. Dose, 
 gr. X to ^ss. 
 
 The dried Subcar'lonate of Soda, Sodm Sub- 
 ear'bonas exsicca'ta, SodcB carbonas exsicca'tus, 
 (Ph. U. S.) Carbonas SodcB sicca'tum, (F.) Sous- 
 carbonate de Soude desseche, is employed as an 
 antacid and lithontriptic. Dose, gr. x to xv. 
 
 Soda, Subphosphate of, S. phosphate of. 
 
 Soda, Sulphate of, SodcB Sulphas, Natron 
 vitriola' turn, Sal cathar'ticus seu mirab'ilis Glau- 
 be'ri, Al'cali minera'le sulphu'ricum, Natrum sul- 
 phu'ricum. Soda vitriola'ta, Suljihas na'tricus, 
 Ape'rient Salt of Frederick, Glauber's Salts, (F.) 
 Sulfate de Soude. Obtained from the salt that 
 remains after the distillation of muriatic acid; 
 the superabundant acid being saturated with sub- 
 carbonate of soda. It is soluble in three parts 
 of water at 60° ; is purgative, and, in small doses, 
 diuretic. Dose, gvj to ^x. 
 
 The Lymington Glauber's Salts is a Sulphate 
 
 of Ifagnesia and Soda, and is obtained from the 
 mother liquor of sea-water, or by dissolving Ep- 
 som salt in a solution of Glauber's salt. 
 
 Soda, Tartrate of. Tartrate of potass and 
 Soda, Tar'tarised Soda, Eochelle or Seignette's 
 Salt, Soda Tartariza'ta, Sal Bupellen'sis seu Po- 
 lychres'tum Seignet'ti seu Seignetti, Natron tarta- 
 riea'ttim, Tartris potas'sm et Soda, Soda et Po- 
 tas'sa Tartras (Ph. U. S.), Soda potassio-tar- 
 tras, Tartras Potas'sa et Soda,{¥.) Tartrate de po- 
 tasse et de Soude. [Soda carb. ^i; potass, bilurt. 
 in pulv. §xvj, Aq. bullient. Ov. Dissolve the 
 carbonate in water; and add, gradually, the 
 hitartrate. Filter the solution and crj'stallize. — 
 Ph. U. S.) It is a gentle cathartic. Dose, ^ss 
 
 to Ei- 
 
 Soda, Urate of, Urate of Soda — s. Vitrio- 
 lata, S. sulphate of. 
 
 Soda Water, Acidulous water, simple. 
 
 Soda and Silver, Hyposulphite of, Sodse 
 et Argenti Hyposulphis. 
 
 SoD^ Acetas, Soda, acetate of — s. Arsenias, 
 Arseniate of soda — s. Biboras, Borax — s. Bicar- 
 bonas. Soda, carbonate of — s. Boras, Borax — s. 
 Boras alcalescons. Borax — s. Boras supersaturus, 
 Borax — s. Carbonas, Soda — s. Carbonas, Soda, 
 subcarbonate of — s. Carbonas exsiccatus, see 
 Soda, subcarbonate of — s. Carbonas impurus, 
 Soda — s. Chloras, Soda, chlorate of — s. Hypo- 
 sulphis, Hyposulphite of soda — s. Murias, Soda, 
 muriate of — s. Nitras, Soda, nitrate of— s. Phos- 
 phas, Soda, phosphate of — s. et Potassas tartras, 
 Soda, tartrate of — s. Potassio-tartras, Soda, tar- 
 trate of — s. Subboras, Borax — b. Subcarbonas 
 impura. Soda. 
 
 SoD^ ET Argen'ti Hyposulph'is, Hyposulph'- 
 ite of soda and silver, (F.) Hyposulphite de 
 Soude et d' Argent. This salt is formed by pouring 
 a solution of hyposxdphite of soda over oxide of 
 silver recently precipitated hy piotassa, until the 
 oxide is entirely dissolved. Crystals are afforded 
 by evaporation. A solution of it is used in the 
 same c.nses as one of the nitrate of silver. 
 
 SODII AURO-TERCHLORIDUM, see Gold 
 — s. Chloridum, Soda, muriate of- — s. Chlorure- 
 tum, Soda, muriate of. 
 
 So'dii Iod'idum, I'odide of so'dium. This salt 
 has been prescribed in the same cases as the 
 iodide of potassium. 
 
 SO'DIUM, Na'trium, Natro'nium. The metal- 
 lic basis of soda. 
 
 Sodium, Carbonate of Protoxide of, Sodae 
 carbonas — s. Chloride of, Soda, muriate of — s. 
 Chlorure de, Soda, muriate of — s. Chlorure d' Ox- 
 ide de. Soda, chloride of — s. Protonitrate of, 
 Soda, nitrate of — s. Protoxide of. Soda — s. Pro- 
 toxide of, hydroehlorate of. Soda, muriate of — s. 
 Protoxide of, nitrate of. Soda, nitrate of — s. Pro- 
 toxide of, phosphate of, Soda, phosphate of — s. 
 Protoxide of, subcarbonate of. Soda, subcarbonate 
 of — s. Quadri-chloruret of. Soda, muriate of — 
 s. Subborate of protoxide of. Borax — s. Subproto- 
 borate of. Borax — s. Subprotophosphate of, Soda, 
 phosphate of. 
 
 SODOMA GALLORUM, Syphilis. 
 
 SODOMIA, Buggery. 
 
 SODOMY, Buggery. 
 
 SOFTENING, Mollities. 
 
 SOT-POUR-SOT, Homoeozygy. 
 
 SOIE, Sericum. 
 
 SOTF, Thirst — s. Excessive, Polj'dipsia. 
 
 SOL, Gold. 
 
 SOL-LUNAR, Sol-luna'ris; from sol, 'the 
 sun,' and Inna, 'the moon.' An epithet applied 
 to a fancied influence exerted by the sun and 
 moon on man in a state of health and disease. 
 
 SOLAMEN INTESTINORUM, Pimpinella 
 anisum — s. Scabiosorum, Fumaria. 
 
 SOL'ANOID, SolanoVdes ; a hybrid word, from 
 
SOLANUM 
 
 847 
 
 SOLIDAGO 
 
 solarium, 'the potato,' and ti6oi, 'resemblance.' 
 Resembling a potato ; potato-like. An epithet 
 applied to a form of cancer, which appears to be 
 intermediate between scirrhus and encephaloid, 
 increasing more rapidly than the former, yet ap- 
 proaching it in firmness. 
 
 SOLA'NUM, S. nigrum seu vulga're seu vulga'- 
 tum, Common or Garden Nightshade, (F.) ilorelle 
 d fruit noir. Family, Solanaceae. Sex. Syst. 
 Pentandria Monogynia. A narcotic poison. The 
 Huile de Morelle is made, by macerating in oil, 
 for several days, the leaves and fruit of this plant. 
 The oil is anodyne and discutient. 
 
 SoLANDM Carolinen'se, Horse nettle; indi- 
 genous. The juice of the berries has been em- 
 ployed successfully in idiopathic tetanus. [?] 
 
 SoLANUjr Dulcama'ra, S. scandens seu ligno'- 
 suni, Dulcamara, D.flexuo'sa, Glycipi'cros, Ama'- 
 ra dulcis, TTpvy(^vos of Theophrastus, Bittersweet, 
 Woody Nightshade, Bittersweet Nightshade, Bit- 
 tersweet Vine, Nightshade Vine, Violet bloom, 
 (F.) DoHce-atn^re, Morelle grimpante, Vigne de 
 Judee. The taste of the stalks is bitter, followed 
 by sweetness; hence its name. It has been used 
 in many diseases, as a diuretic and sudorific, 
 especially in chronic rheumatism, humoral asth- 
 ma, dropsy, various skin diseases, scrofula, and 
 jaundice. Dose, in powder, Qj to ,^j. 
 
 SoLANuii EscuLENTDM, S. tuberosum — s. Foe- 
 tidum, Datura stramonium — s. Furiosum, Atropa 
 belladonna — s. Hortense nigrum, Atropa bella- 
 donna — s. Humboldtii, S. Lycopersicum — s. Le- 
 thale, Atropa belladonna — s. Lignosum, S. dul- 
 camara. 
 
 SoLANUM Lycoper'sicum J Lycoper'sicon escu- 
 lent'um, L. pomum amo'ris seu Humhold'tii seu 
 pseudoly coper' sicum, Ilalum lycoper'sicum, Love- 
 apple plant. The fruit of this, called Toma'ta, 
 Toma'to or Love-apple, (F.) Pomme d' Amour, is 
 much eaten in the United States; and, with the 
 French, Spaniards, Portuguese, &q., forms an es- 
 teemed sauce. 
 
 SoLANUM Magnum Virginianum Rubrum, Phy- 
 tolacca decandra — s. Maniacum, Atropa bella- 
 donna, Datura stramonium — s. Melanocerasus, 
 Atropa belladonna. 
 
 SoLANOM Melon'gena, Melo7igena, Egg-pilant, 
 Mud Apple plant ; (F.) Aubergine. A native of 
 Asia, Africa, and America. Its oblong, egg- 
 shaped fruit, Ponum Melon' gencB, 3falum insa'num, 
 is prepared in soups and sauces in those coun- 
 tries, like the tomata. 
 
 SoLANDM Nigrum, Solanum. 
 Solanum Niv'eum. a South African plant, 
 the leaves of which, applied to foul ulcers, cleanse 
 them. The fresh juice of the berries and leaves, 
 made into an ointment with lard or fat, is used 
 by the farmers for the same purpose. 
 
 Sol AND Ji Parmenterii, S. tuberosum — s. 
 Pseudoly copersicum, S. Lycopersicum — s. Qua- 
 drifolium, Paris — s. Racemosum Americanum, 
 Phytolacca decandra. 
 
 Solanum Sanctum; Pal'estine Nightshade. 
 The fruit of this is globular, and is much eaten 
 in the countries where it is a native. 
 Solanum Scandens, S. Dulcamara. 
 Solanum Tubero'sum, S. esculen'tum seu Par- 
 mente'rii, Lycoper'sicum tubero'sum. Papas Ame- 
 ricu'nus, Pappus America'nus, America'num Tu- 
 bero'sum, Batta'ta Virginia' na, Bata'tas ; the 
 Pota'to, (F.) Pomme de Terre. A native of Peru. 
 A nutritious and wholesome vegetable ; one of 
 the most useful, indeed, that exists. One hun- 
 dred pounds of potatoes aflford ten pounds of 
 starch, which is equal to arrow-root, as a nutrient 
 and demulcent. It is called Potato Flour, P. 
 Starch, French Sago, Petit Sague, Common Arrow- 
 root, <tc. 
 
 Solanum Urens, Capsicum annuum— s. Vesi- 
 carium, Physalis. 
 
 Solanum Virginia'num ; indigenous ; is said 
 to resemble Solanum nigrum in its properties. 
 
 Solanum Vulgare, Solanum. 
 
 SOLAR, Sola'ris, from sol, solis, 'the sun. 
 Relating to the sun ; having rays like the sun. 
 
 Solar Plexus, Plexus sola'ris, Centrum com' 
 mu'ne, Cer'ebrum abdomina'le. A collection of 
 ganglions and filaments, interweaving and anas- 
 tomosing with each other repeatedly, and belong- 
 ing to the system of the great sympathetic. This 
 vast plexus, lying on the vertebral column, the 
 aorta, and the pillars of the diaphragm, has a 
 very irregular shape. The ganglions and fila- 
 ments composing it are soft, reddish, and almost 
 all issue from the semilunar ganglions. It re- 
 ceives, also, branches from the pneumogastrics. 
 It seems to be chiefly intended for the aorta, and 
 accompanies all its branches ; furnishing many 
 secondary plexuses, which are called the infra- 
 diapihragmatie, cceliac, superior mesentey-ic, in- 
 ferior mesenteric, renal or emulgent, sjiermatic, 
 &c. 
 
 SOLDANELLA, Convolvulus soldanella. 
 
 SOLDIER'S WEED, Matico. 
 
 SOLE, Solum, S. pedis, Solea, Basis cor'ptoris, 
 Ichnus, Superfie"ies ^^^(/H^a'ns pedis, Peti'na, 
 Vestig"ium, Pe'dion, Peza, Pelma, Planta'ria 
 sup)erficies pedis, Fa'cies conca'va seu infe'rior 
 seu Planum seu Coneavum seu Pars inferior seu 
 Planit"ies seu Planta seu Vola pedis, (F.) Plante 
 du Pied. The sole of the foot; the under sur- 
 face of the foot. 
 
 SOLEA, Sole — s. Ipecacuanha, see Ipecacu- 
 anha. 
 
 SOLEAIRE, Soleus. 
 
 SOLBN, Cradle, see Vertebral column. 
 
 SOLENA'RIUM, from awXriv, ' a canal, a pipe.' 
 An instrument of surgery, representing a kind of 
 gutter, in the cavity of which the penis was 
 placed, like a limb in a cradle. The word Solen 
 itself — co)Xt]v, Cana'lis — was used, in antiquity, 
 for a grooved channel or cradle, in which a frac- 
 tured limb was placed. 
 
 SOLENOSTEMMA ARGEL, Cynanchum 
 olesefolium. 
 
 SOLE'US, Gastrocne'mius inter'nus, Tibiocal- 
 eajiien, (Ch.;) (F.) Soleaire, from solea, 'a sole 
 of a shoe,' owing to its shape. A muscle situate 
 at the posterior part of the leg. It is broad, flat, 
 and almost oval ; and is attached, above, to the 
 posterior edge of the fibula, to the oblique line on 
 the posterior surface, and to the inner edge of the 
 tibia. It terminates, below, by a large tendon, 
 which unites to that of the gastrocnemius ex- 
 ternus, to form the teudo Achillis. This muscle 
 extends the foot on the leg, and conversely. 
 
 SOLID, Sol'idus, Ste'reos, from solum, 'the 
 ground.' A body whose integrant molecules are 
 so united by the force of cohesion, that they will 
 not separate by their own weight. The solids, in 
 the human body, are the bones, cartilages, ten- 
 dons, muscles, ligaments, arteries, veins, nerves, 
 membranes, skin, <fec. The anatomy, or rather 
 study of the solids, is called Stereol'ogy, from 
 arefims, 'solid,' and Xoyo;, 'a discourse.' 
 
 SOLID A'GO, from solido, 'I make firm,' in 
 allusion to its properties as a vulnerary. See 
 Solidago vigaurea. 
 
 SoLiDAGO Saracenica, S. virgaurca. 
 
 Solida'go Rig"iDA, Rigid Goldenrod, Bones' 
 styptic; indigenous; of the Composite family, 
 flowering in August and September; is astringent 
 and tonic. 
 
 Solida'go Virgau'rea, .S'. vulga'ris seu Sara- 
 cen'ica, Virga aurea, Uerba do'rea, Cony'za coma 
 aiirea, Sym'phytum Petrce'um, Eli'chrysum, Con- 
 sol'ida, Saracen'ica, Golden rod, (F.) Verge 
 
SOLIDISM 
 
 848 
 
 SOLVENT 
 
 d'or, Herhe des juifs. The leaves of Solida'yo 
 orfc'ro— Solid a'go (Pb. U. S.) — Fragrant or 
 Sweet-scented Golden-rod — and the flowers have 
 been recommended as aperients and tonics, in 
 iirinarj diseases, and in internal hemorrhage. 
 
 Soi-iDAGO Vulgaris, S. virgaurea. 
 
 SOL'IDISM, Patholog"ia soUdu'n's. The doc- 
 trine of those physicians who refer all diseases to 
 alterations of the solid parts of the body. To the 
 believers in this doctrine, the appellation Sol'id- 
 ists has been given. The solidists think that the 
 solids alone are endowed with vital properties; 
 that they alone can receive the impression of 
 morbific agents, and be the seat of pathological 
 phenomena. Solidism has been the prevalent 
 doctrine. It is scarcely necessary to say, that in 
 all our investigations, the condition of both solids 
 and fluids must be regarded. 
 
 SOLIUM, Baignoire, Taenia solium. 
 
 SOLUBIL'ITY, Solubil'itas, from solvere, so- 
 hituni, ' to dissolve.' That property of a body by 
 virtue of which it can be dissolved in a men- 
 struum. 
 
 TABLE OP THE SOLUBILITY OF SOME SUBSTANCES 
 IN Vi^ATER. 
 
 NAMES or SALTS. 
 
 Acids. 
 
 Benzoic 
 
 Citric 
 
 Oxalic 
 
 Tartaric 
 
 Salts. 
 
 Acetate of Potassa 
 
 — Soda 
 
 Bitartrate of Potassa 
 
 Borate of Soda 
 
 Carbonate of Ammonia . 
 
 M.agnesia., 
 
 • — • Potassa.... 
 
 Soda 
 
 Chlorate of Potassa. 
 _ Soda 
 
 Chloride of Calcium 
 
 Magnesium. 
 
 Potassium... 
 
 Sodium 
 
 Muriate of Ammonia.... 
 
 Nitrate of Potassa 
 
 Soda 
 
 Solubility in 100 
 parts water. 
 
 at 60° at212° 
 
 Phosphate of Soda 
 
 Sulphate of Ammonia.. 
 Copper , 
 
 Iron. 
 
 Magnesia 
 
 Potassa 
 
 Soda 
 
 Supersulphate of Potassa 
 
 Tartrate of Potassa 
 
 Potassa and Soda... 
 
 — '■ Antimony & Soda... 
 
 0-208 
 133 
 50 
 very soluble 
 
 100 
 
 35 
 
 1-5 
 
 8-4 
 
 60 
 
 2 
 
 25 
 
 50 
 
 6 
 
 35 
 
 2U0 
 
 100 
 
 33 
 
 35'42 
 33 
 
 14-25 
 33 
 25 
 50 
 25 
 50 
 100 
 6-25 
 37 
 
 5-0 
 25 
 20 
 6-6 
 
 4-17 
 200 
 100 
 
 3-3 
 16-8 
 
 36-16 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 50 
 100 
 
 50 
 100 
 133 
 
 20 
 125 
 100 
 
 33 
 
 SOLUM, Solo— s. Pedis, Metatarsus, Sole. 
 
 SbLUT.E, Solution. 
 
 SOLUTIO, Solution — s. Alexiteria Gaubiana, 
 see Disinfection — s. Ammonia3 subcarbonatis. 
 Liquor ammonife subcarbonatis — s. Arsenicalis, 
 Liquor arsenicalis — s. Arsenicata, Liquor arseni- 
 calis — s. Arsenitis kalicee. Liquor arsenicalis — s. 
 Calcis, Liquor calcis — s. Campborge setherea, 
 Tinetura astherea camphorata- — • s. Camphorae 
 oleosa, Linimentum camphoras — s. Continui, So- 
 'ution of continuity — s. Cupri ammoniati, Liquor 
 Cupri ammoniati — s. Ferri nitratis, Liquor Ferri 
 nitratis — s. Guaiaoi gummosa, Mistura guaiaci — s. 
 Muriatis barytse. Baryta, muriate of — s. Muriatis 
 calcis, see Calcis murias — s. Muriatis ferrieiaethe- 
 rea, Tinetura seu alcohol sulfurico-sethereus ferri 
 • — s. Muriatis hydrargyri oxygenati, Liquor hy- 
 drargyri oxymuriatis — s. Potassii iodidi iodureta. 
 Liquor iodini compositus — s. Resina; guaiaci 
 
 aquosa, Mistura guaiaci — s. Solventis Mineralis, 
 Liquor Arsenici chloridi — s. Subcarbonatis am- 
 moniaci spirituosa, Spiritus aminonifie. 
 
 SoLUTio Sulpha'tis Cupri Compos'ita, Aqua 
 vitriol'ica ccerii'lea, Sydenham's StyjJti'c Water, 
 {Snlph. cupri, 3iij, alum., acid, suljih., aa §ij, 
 aqucB, ,^viij : dissolve, and filter.) A styptic, and, 
 largely diluted, an astringent collyrium. 
 
 SOLU'TION, Solu'tio, Lysis, (F.) Dissolution, 
 from solvere, solutuni, ' to dissolve.' An operation 
 which consists in dissolving a solid body in a men- 
 struum. Likewise,the product of such operation 
 
 — Solu'luni, (F.) Solute. It means, also, with 
 many, the termination of a disease : — with others, 
 a termination accompanied by critical signs; — 
 and, with others, again, it is synonymous with 
 crisis. 
 
 Solution of Acetate of Ammonia, Liquor 
 ammoniae acetatis — s. of Acetate of morphia, 
 Liquor morphiaj acetatis — s. Alkaline, see Fuli- 
 gokali — s. of Alkaline iron. Liquor ferri alkalini 
 
 — s. of Alum, compound. Liquor aluminis com- 
 positus- — s. of subcarbonate of Ammonia, Liquor 
 ammonite subcarbonatis— s. of Ammoniated cop- 
 per. Liquor cupri ammoniati — s. Arsenical, Liquor 
 arsenicalis — s. Arsenical, De Valangin's, Liquor 
 Arsenici chloridi — s. of Carbonate of Soda, Liquor 
 sodte carbonatis — s. of Charcoal, concentrated, 
 see Tinetura catechu — s. of Chlorinated soda, 
 Liquor sodsfi chlorinatffi — s. of Chloride of Arse- 
 nic, Liquor Arsenici chloridi — s. of Chloride of 
 Zinc, see Burnett's disinfecting liquid — s. of Ci- 
 trate of Ammonia, Liquor ammoniae citratis — s. 
 of Citrate of Magnesia, see Magnesiae citras — s. 
 of Citrate of Potassa, Liquor potassae citratis — s. 
 of Continuity, see Continuity — s. of Corrosive 
 sublimate. Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis — s. 
 De Valangin's, Liquor arsenici chloridi — s. Don- 
 ovan's, see Arsenic and Mercury, Iodide of — s. 
 Fowler's, Liquor arsenicalis — s. Gannal's, see 
 Aluminae sulphas — s. of Gutta percha in Chlo- 
 roform, see Gutta percha — s. Heinecke's, see Ar- 
 seniate of Soda. 
 
 Solution, Goadby's, called after the proposer, 
 is made of bay salt, corrosive sublimate or arse- 
 nious acid, and water. It is employed to pre- 
 serve animal substances. 
 
 Solution of Hydriodate of Potass, Liquor 
 potassae hydriodatis — s. of Iodide of iron. Liquor 
 ferri iodidi — s. of Iodine, compound. Liquor io- 
 dinii compositus — s. of Iron, nitrated, Liquor 
 ferri nitratis — s. Labarraque's, Eau de Javelle — 
 s. of Lime, Liquor calcis — s. Lugol's, Liquor 
 iodinii compositus — s. of Magnesia, condensed, 
 Magnesia, fluid — s. of Monro, Liquor of Monro 
 
 — s. of Nitrate of iron. Liquor ferri nitratis — s. 
 of Oxymuriate of mercury, Liquor hydrargyri 
 oxymuriatis — s. Par les huiles, Olea medicinalia 
 — s. Pearson's, see Arseniate of soda — s. Plenck's. 
 see Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum — «. de Potasse, 
 Liquor potassas — s. of Potassa, Liquor potassa? 
 — s. of Sesquinitrate of iron. Liquor ferri nitratis 
 
 — s. of Soda, Liquor sodae — s. of Subacetate of 
 lead. Liquor plumbi subacetatis — s. of Sub.acetate 
 of lead, diluted, Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilu- 
 tus — s. of Subcarbonate of potass. Liquor potas- 
 sae subcarbonatis — s. of Sulphate of morphia, Li- 
 quor niorphiae sulpha.tis — s. of Tartarized anti- 
 mony, Vinum antimonii tartarizati — s. of Terni- 
 trate of sesquioxide of iron. Liquor ferri nitratis 
 
 — s. of Van Swieten, Liquor hydrargyri oxymu- 
 riatis. 
 
 SOLUTIVUS, Laxative. 
 
 SOLUTUM, Solution. 
 
 SOLVENS, Solvent — s. Minerale, Liquor ar- 
 senicalis. 
 
 SOLVENT, Solvens, (F.) Fondant, from solvere, 
 ' to dissolve.' A medicine supposed to possess 
 the property of dissolving or removing obstruc- 
 
SOMA 
 
 84 9 
 
 SONDE 
 
 tions and extraneous substances. _ Thus we have 
 solvents of the stone in the bladder, &c. See 
 Dissolventia. 
 
 vSoLVENT, Mineral, Liquor arsenicalis. 
 SOMA, Body, Corpus. 
 SOMASCETICS, Gymnastics. 
 SOMASOETIQUE, Gymnastics. 
 SOMAT'IC, Somat'icus; from aw/io, cwi^arog, 
 ' the body.' That which concerns the body ; — as 
 sonuiiia death, or death of the body, in contra- 
 distinction to molecular death or the death of a 
 part. 
 
 SOMATODYM'IA, from ooiiia, aw/iaroj, 'the 
 body,' and ivw, 'I enter into.' A double mon- 
 strosity in which the trunks are united. Of this, 
 there are several varieties : — Vertebrodi/m'ia, 
 where the union is by the vertebrse ; Ischiodym'ia, 
 by the ossa ischii; Sternodym'ia, by the sternum ; 
 Supraom2]halodi/m'ia, (F.) Stis-omphalodijmie, by 
 the super-umbilical regions; Siipra et infra-om- 
 phfilodymia, by the superior and inferior um- 
 bilical regions; and Ste)-7io-om2)halodym'ia, -where 
 the union is by both the sternal and the umbili- 
 cal regions. — Cruveilhier. 
 
 SOMATOL'OGY, Somafolog"ia, from oufia, 
 iTiiJIiaTog, 'the body,' and Aoyof, 'a discourse.' A 
 treatise on the human body. Anatomy. 
 SOMATOTOMT, Anatomy. 
 SOMMEIL, Sleep. 
 
 SOMNAMBULATION, Somnambulism. 
 SOMNAM'BULISM, Somnamhtda'tio, Hypno- 
 bate'sis, Hypnohata'sis, ffyjmoba'tia, Hypnobad'- 
 ist's, Rhembas'mus, Lunatis'mns, Hypnonergi'a, 
 Selenoga'mitt, Nyctobate'sis, Autonyctoba' tia, _Se- 
 leni'asis, Selenias'miis, Somnambidis'mus, Nyc- 
 tob'nsis, Nnctariibrda'tio, Noctambidis'mwi, Nyc- 
 tnba'dia, Nyctoba'tia, Siph'ita, Syph'ita, Paro- 
 m'ria am'bulans, Noctisur'gium, Oneirodyn'ia 
 acti'va, Cenospu'dia, Somno-vigil, Somnambxda'- 
 tion, Sleep>-ioalkivg, from aomnus, ' sleep,' and 
 ambidare, 'to walk.' A condition of the brain 
 which occasions the individual to execute, during 
 sleep, some of those actions that commonly take 
 place when awake. It has been imagined that the 
 somnambulist is guided solely by his subjective 
 sensations ; but there are many facts which induce 
 the belief that the external senses are not always 
 entirely suspended. The causes of somnambu- 
 lism are very obscure; and the principal indica- 
 tion of treatment is, — so to arrange the bed- 
 chamber of the somnambulist, that he cannot get 
 out of it during sleep; and to avoid suppers, as 
 well as all bodily and mental excitement. 
 
 SoMXAMBULiSM, Magnet'ic, Mesmeric, or Ar- 
 TIFIc"lAL, Somnambuli s' mus artificia'lis, Cataph'- 
 ora wagnet'icci, So?nnip'atky, is that peculiiir con- 
 dition, into which individuals are thrown by the 
 Animnl Magnetizer. It occurs only in those of 
 weak nervous temperament; in hysterical fe- 
 males, &c. 
 
 SOMNAMBULISMUS, Somnambulism — s. 
 Artificialis, Somnambulism, magnetic. 
 
 SOMNAM'BULIST, Somnam'bidug, EybnoV- 
 ates, Hypnob'ates, Noctam'bidus, Lunat'icua, Noc- 
 tam'bulo, Somnam'bnlo. A sleep-walker. 
 
 SOMNAMBULIS'TIC. Relating or apper- 
 taining to somnambulism, — as the 'somnambu- 
 lis'tic state.' 
 
 SOMNAMBULO, Somnambulist. 
 
 SOMNIA'TIO, from somnium, 'a dream.' The 
 act of dreaming. 
 
 SoMNiATio Morbosa, Oneironosus — s. in Statu 
 vigili, Hallucination. 
 
 SOMNIF'EKOUS, Som'nifer, Snpor'ifer;Hyp- 
 iiot'iens, Hypnopoe'us, Soporati'vus, Soporific, 
 Soporif'erous, (F.) Assoupissaiit ; an epithet for 
 a medicine which causes sleep, from gommis, 
 'sleep,' and/ero, 'I carry.' 
 64 
 
 SOMNIL'OQUIST: same etymon as the next. 
 One who talks in his sleep. 
 
 SOMNILO'QUIUM, Somniloquia'mus, SomniV- 
 oquism, from somnus, 'sleep,' and loquor, 'I 
 speak.' Talking in the sleep. 
 
 SOMNOPATHY, Somnambulism, magnetic. 
 
 SOM'NIUM, Eiiyp'nion, Insom'nium, a Dream, 
 (Sc.) Siceiiin, Sweviiig, Swevynyng, Swevyng, (F.) 
 lieve, Soitge. A confused assemblage, or acci- 
 dental and involuntary combination of ideas and 
 images, which present themselves to the mind 
 during sleep. Dr. S. Mitchell, of New York, 
 used the word Somnitim to signify the state be- 
 tween sleeping and waking, in which persons 
 perform acts of which they are unconscious. 
 
 For 'waking dreams,' see Hallucination. 
 
 Those distressing dreams which occur during 
 a state of half sleep, are called, by the French, 
 JievasHeries, 
 
 SOMNO-VIGIL, Somnambulism. 
 
 SOM'NOLENCY, Somnolen' tia, Hypiiceslhe'sis, 
 ffypno'dia, Jjormita'tio, Carua Lethar'gua Ca- 
 taph'ora, Cataphora, Coma Somnolen' turn, Caro'sia, 
 Slumber, Heav'iness, (F.) Aasoupisaement ; from 
 aomnua, 'sleep.' Sleepiness. Also a state inter- 
 mediate between sleeping and waking. It is often 
 a symptom of disease. 
 
 SOMNUS, Sleep. 
 
 SOMPNUS, Sleep. 
 
 SON, Furfur, Sound. 
 
 SONCHUS, aoyxoi, S. Olera'ceus, Hiera'cium 
 olera'ceum, Cicer'bita, Sow Thiatle, Swine-thistle, 
 (P.) Laiteron doux. Ord. Cichoraceas. Most of 
 the species of Sonchus abound with a milky juice, 
 which is very bitter, and said to possess diuretic 
 virtues. 
 
 SoxcHus Floridanus, Mulgedium Florida- 
 num. 
 
 ,6'0iVZ'£', Sound, Specillum — s. CajweZee, Di- 
 rector. 
 
 SONDE D'ANEL. A very fine stylet of sil- 
 ver, awl-shaped at one end. It is used for pro- 
 bing the lachrymal passages through the punc- 
 tum lacrymale. 
 
 SONDE DE BELLOC. An instrument in- 
 vented by Belloc for plugging the nasal fossae, 
 in cases of hemorrhage. It consists of a curved 
 silver canula, open at both ends, and furnished 
 with a button. The instrument is passed through 
 the nares to the throat; and a plug is attached 
 to the button, so that, when the instrument is 
 drawn forwards through the nose, the posterior 
 nostril is stopped. 
 
 SONDE BRISEE (¥.), Eyed probe. A long, 
 straight stylet, composed of two parts, which may 
 be screwed to each other; blunt at one end, and 
 furnished at the other with an eye, so that it may 
 be used either as a probe for punctured wounds, 
 or for a seton needle. 
 
 SONDE A CONDUCTEUR (F.). A modifi- 
 cation of the ordinary catheter; — to facilitate the 
 changing of catheters, without the fear of making 
 false passages. It is a common catheter, open at 
 its beak. The Stylet or Jlandrin is one half 
 longer than that of the ordinary catheter. To 
 use the instrument, the stylet is pushed into the 
 cavity of the bladder through the catheter. The 
 latter is then withdrawn by slipping it over the 
 stylet, which is kept in its place, and serves as a 
 guide to a fresh catheter. 
 
 SONDE 1 DARD, see Lithotomy (high ope- 
 ration). 
 
 SONDE DE LAFOREST. A small, crooked 
 canula, used for probing the nasal duct from be- 
 low upwards, and for throwing injections into it. 
 
 SONDE ou PINCE DE HUNTER. A cy- 
 lindrical silver canula; of the size of a common 
 catheter ; open at both extremities, and contain- 
 
SONDE DE VARECQ 
 
 850 
 
 SORREL 
 
 ing a wire of iron, one of the ends of which is 
 split into two parts ; each being terminated by a 
 small silver scoop, and separating from each other 
 by virtue of their elasticity, when pushed out of 
 the canula, and again approximating when drawn 
 in. It has been used for laying hold of small 
 calculi in the urethra. 
 
 SONDE DE VARECQ. Soda. 
 
 SONGE, Somnium. 
 
 SONITUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium — s. 
 Fluidi, Hygreohema — s. Hepaticus, Ilepateche- 
 ina — s. Intestinalis, Enterechema — s. Stoma- 
 ehieus, G-asterechetna. 
 
 SONORODS RIIONCHUS, R&le sonore. 
 
 SONUS, Sound — s. Vocis, Accent. 
 
 SOOJA, see Dolichos. 
 
 SOOJIB, EASTER'S, a farinaceous article of 
 diet, is said to consist of wheat flour sweetened 
 with sugar. 
 
 SOOL, Gastroperiodynia. 
 
 SOOT, Fuligo — s. Tea, see Fuligokali — s. 
 Wart, Cancer, chimney-sweeper's. 
 
 SOPHIA, Sisymbrium sophia — s. Chirurgo- 
 rum, Sisymbrium sophia. 
 
 SOPHISTICATION, Falsification. 
 
 SOPHO'RA HEPTAPHYL'LA, Anfieholer'- 
 ica. Ord. Leguminosae. Sex. Syst. Decandria 
 Monogynia. The root and seeds of this shrub 
 are intensely bitter, and are said to have been 
 found useful in cholera, colic, dysentery, &c. 
 
 SoPHORA Tincto'ria, Bapti's'ia seu Podali/r'ia 
 Thicto'ria, Indigo/' era. Wild Indigo, Indigo Weed, 
 Broom, Indigo Broom, Horsefly Weed, Yellow 
 Broom, Clover Broom, Rattle Bush, Yelloio Indigo. 
 An American plant, the taste of whose root is 
 unpleasant, sub-acrid, and nauseous — very simi- 
 lar to that of ipecacuanha. In a large dose, the 
 bark of the root acts both as an emetic and ca- 
 thartic. It has been considered antiseptic and 
 febrifuge, and has been used, in the form of fo- 
 mentation or cataplasm, in phagedenic and gan- 
 grenous ulcers. A liniment, prepared by simmer- 
 ing the cortical part of the root in cream, has 
 been found an ef&cacious application to sore nip- 
 ples and to ulcerated breasts. 
 
 Baptis'ia Leucan'tha, Tall white false Indigo, 
 an indieenous plant, has the same properties. 
 
 SOPHRONIST^ DENTES, see Dentition. 
 
 SOPHRONISTERES DENTES, see Denti- 
 tion. 
 
 SOPHROSYNE, Temperance. 
 
 SOPIENS, Paregoric. 
 
 SOPIO, Opium. 
 
 SOPOR. A profound sleep, from which the 
 person can be roused with difficulty. It is a 
 symptom in many of the neuroses. 
 
 Sopor Caroticus, Carus. 
 
 SOPORARIiE ARTERI^, Carotids. 
 
 SOPORATIVUS, Somniferous. 
 
 SOPORIFEROUS, Somniferous. 
 
 SOPORIFIC, Somniferous. 
 
 SO'POROUS, So'porxis, (F.) Soporeux, from 
 sopor, 'sleep.' Sleepy: causing sleep. 
 
 SORA, Essera. 
 
 SORB TREE, Sorbus domestica. 
 
 SORBASTRELLA, Pimpinella saxifraga. 
 
 SORBEFA'CIENT, Sorhefa'ciena, from sor- 
 here, 'to suck in,' and facere, 'to make,' A 
 remedy that promotes absorption. 
 
 The following are the chief sorbefacients or 
 modifiers of nutritive action — enfrophics : — 
 Acida Vegetabilia; Alkalia; Ammoniacum; Bro- 
 minium; Galbanum ; Hydrargyri Prajparata; lo- 
 dinium ; Liquor Calcii chloridi ; Spongia usta ; 
 Compression, (methodical ;) Friction ; Mental 
 Sorbefacients, (Imagination, Emotions.) 
 
 SORBETHUM. Soherhet. 
 
 SORBETTUM, Scherbet. 
 
 SORBETUM, Scherbet. 
 
 SORB IE R DES OISELEURS, Sorbus acu- 
 paria. 
 
 SORBITIO, Jus. 
 
 SoRBiTio Carxis seu Ex Carne. Broth or 
 soup made of meat. 
 
 SORBITUM, Jus. 
 
 SORBUM, see Sorbus domestica. 
 
 SORBUS, Cratsegus aria, S. domestica. 
 
 SoRBDS Acupa'ria seu Adcupa'ria, 7!/e.s'p?7i(s, 
 31. acupa'ria. Mountain Service, 3Iountain Ashf 
 Quicken tree, Roan tree, Witchen, Witch hazel. 
 Witch wood, (So.) Roden tree, Roun tree, Rowan 
 tree. Rone, (Prov.) Keer, Rantree, (F.) Sorbier 
 des Oiseleurs, Erene sauvage. Ord. Rosaceae. 
 The berries — (Sc.) Rodens — of this tree are em- 
 ploj'ed for similar purposes as the last. 
 
 Sorbus Alpina, Cratajgus aria. 
 
 Sorbus America'na, Pyrus Americana, Ame- 
 rican Ilountain Anh. The bark resembles that 
 of the Wild Cherry, and might be used in the 
 same cases. 
 
 Sorbus Aria, Cratsegus aria — s. Aucuparia, S. 
 acuparia — s. Cydonia, Pyrus cydonia. 
 
 Sorbus Domes'tica, Sorhus, Pyrus domes' tica, 
 3fes'2)ilus domes'tica, Oie, Service or Sorb Tree, 
 (F.) Cormier. Family, Rosacese. Sex. Syst. 
 Icosandria Trigynia. The fruit of this tree, Sor- 
 bum, is astringent, and has been recommended in 
 diarrhoea and dysentery. It is given in the form 
 of rob. A kind of cider is made from it, and also 
 brandy. 
 
 Sorbus Malus, Pyrus mains. 
 
 SORDES, Rhypos, 'Filth.' A dirty-looking 
 sanies, discharged from ulcers. Also, accumula- 
 tions of the secretions cf the mouth, on the teeth 
 in adynamic fevers more especially, and of foul 
 matters in the stomach— /S'o?'cZes prima' rum via'- 
 rnm, Rhypa'ria. The French call an ulcer, ex 
 hibiting such an appearance, sordid. Also dirt 
 of any kind. 
 
 SoRDES, Ichor, Saburra — s. Acidee, Acidities 
 
 — s. Aurium, Cerumen — s. Primarum viarum 
 Embarras gastrique, see Sordes — s. Ventris, Ex 
 crement. 
 
 SORDICULiE AURIUM, Cerumen. 
 
 SORE, Ulcer. 
 
 Sore, Bay. A disease which Mosely considers 
 to be a true cancer. It is endemic in the Bay 
 of Honduras. 
 
 Sore Mouth, Stomatitis — s. Gnngrenous, Can- 
 cer aquations — s. Throat, Cynanche — s. Throat, 
 Clergyman's, Pharyngitis, follicular — s. Throat, 
 inflammatory, Cynanche tonsillaris — s. Throat, 
 putrid, Cynanche maligna — s. Throat, tuber- 
 cular, Pharyngitis, follicular — s. Throat, ulcerous, 
 Cynanche maligna. 
 
 SORENESS, Sax. POPP, 'vexed, molested.' 
 Parap'sis acris teneritu'do. Painful uneasiness 
 or tenderness, local or general, on being touched 
 with a pressure that does not usually excite dis- 
 tressing feeling. Often, a febrile symptom. Also, 
 the tenderness of a wound, ulcer, &c. 
 
 SORGHUM, Panicum Italicum, 
 
 SOROCCO, Puna. 
 
 SOROCHE, Puna. 
 
 SORORIA'TIO, from sorores, 'sisters,' soro- 
 rio, ' to grow up or swell together.' The period 
 at which the breasts of the female become deve- 
 loped. The act of becoming thus developed. A 
 young maiden, whose mammse begin to show, 
 
 — sororiantes mammoB — was formerly called soro- 
 rians virgo. — Plautus. 
 
 SORREL, COMMON, Rumex acetosus — s. 
 Field, Rumex aeetosella — s. French, Rumex seu- 
 tatus — s. Garden, Rumex scutatus — s. Mountain, 
 Oxalis aeetosella, Oxyria reniformis — s. Salt of. 
 Potass, oxalate of — s. Roman, Rumex scutatus — 
 s. Sheep, Rumex aeetosella. 
 
SOSTRUM 
 
 851 
 
 bPACE 
 
 SoiiREL Tree, Andromeda arborea, A. mariana. 
 
 SoKREL, Welsh, Oxyria reniformis — s. White, 
 Oxalis aeetosella — s. Wood, Yellow, Oxalis stricta. 
 
 SOSTRUM, Sotrum ; from itcu^eiv, ' to save,' 
 ao)Trip, 'a preserver.' A reward given to one who 
 saves the life of another. A physician's fee or 
 honorarium, (F.) Honoraire. 
 
 SOTERIA DOCTRINA, Medieina. 
 
 SOTERI^ AQU^, AVaters, mineral. 
 
 SOTIREL''LA. Ancient name of a medicine 
 composed of opium and other narcotics, nutmeg, 
 saffron, camphor and soot. It was used in cer- 
 tain diseases of the teeth. 
 
 SOTRUM, Sostrum. 
 
 SOUBRESAUT, Suhsultus tendinum. 
 
 SOUCHERLOON, Bit noben. 
 
 SOUOHET DES INDES, Curcuma longa — 
 s. Odorant, Cyperus longus — s. Bond, Cyperus 
 rotundns. 
 
 SOUGT, Calendula officinalis, Panophobia — 
 1. des Alpes, Arnica montana — s. des Champs, 
 Calendula arvensis — s. Ordinaire, Calendula oflB- 
 cinalis. 
 
 SOUDE, Soda — s. Acetate de. Soda, acetate 
 of — s. Acre, Sodae carbonas — s. Borate de, Bo- 
 rax — s. Borate sursature de. Borax — -s. Carbonate 
 de, SodEe carbonas — s. Caustiqite, Soda caustica 
 — s. A la ChauK, Soda caustica — s. Chlorure de. 
 Soda, chloride of — s. du Commerce, Soda — s. 
 Crayense, Sodae carbonas — s. Effervescente, Sodae 
 carbonas — s. Hyposulfite de. Soda, hyposulphite 
 of — s. Phosphate de, Soda, phosphate of — s. et de 
 Potnsse, Tartrate de, Soda, tartrate of — s. Pure, 
 Soda caustica — s. Sousborate de, Borax — s. Sous- 
 carbonate de. Soda, subcarbonate of — s. Sulfate 
 de. Soda, sulphate of. 
 
 SOUFFLE, see Murmur, respiratory — s. Am- 
 phoriqne, see Cavernous respiration — •?. Bron- 
 chique, see Murmur, respiratory — s. Bletallique, 
 see Cavernous respiration — s. Placenfaire, Bruit 
 placentnire — s. Tracheal, see Murmur, respiratory 
 — s. Tubaire, see Murmur, respiratory — s. Vterin, 
 Bruit place.ntaire — s. Yoile, see Cavernous respi- 
 ration. 
 
 Souffle, Whispeking. 
 over solidified lung and 
 patient whispers. — Flint 
 
 SOUFRE, Sulphur— s 
 phuretum — s. lodure de, Sulphuris iodidum 
 Sublime, Sulphur sublimatum — s. Vegetal, Lyco- 
 podium. 
 
 SOUILLURE, Pollution. 
 
 SOULA'MEA AMA'RA, Rex amaro'rum. A 
 shrub of the Moluccas; Order, Polygalaceas ; all 
 the parts of which are of great bitterness — "hor- 
 renda amarities." It is employed by the Malays, 
 and, it is said, with success in cholera and pleu- 
 risy; and as a febrifuge. 
 
 SOUND, Speeill'um, Stylus, Explorato'rinm, 
 Radi'olus, (F.) Sonde. An instrument used by 
 surgeons to discover whether there be a stone in 
 the bladder. It is usually made of highly po- 
 lished steel, and is shaped like the catheter. The 
 operation is termed sounding. 
 
 The French Sonde has, however, a more ex- 
 tensive signification. It means different instru- 
 ments introduced into cavities of certain organs, 
 or into wounds, fistulas, &c., to investigate their 
 condition, or to fulfil some therapeutical indica- 
 tion. See Sonde. 
 
 SoDND, Sonus, Eehos, Noise, (F.) Son, Bruit. 
 The sensation produced on the auditory nerve by 
 the vibrations of a sonorous body. Sounds may 
 be propagated in three modes. 1.' By reopj-oca'- 
 tion or con'sonance, as when a sounding body, of 
 a definite pitch, produces a musical tone when 
 another body of the same pitch is sounded near 
 it. 2. By res'onance, as when a sounding body 
 is placed in connection with another, one or more 
 
 A bellows' sound heard 
 excavations when the 
 
 Carhure, Carbonis sul- 
 
 of whose parts may be thrown into reciprocal vi- 
 bration ; and 3. By conduc'tion, as where the vi- 
 brations are transmitted through fluid, liquid, or 
 solid media. 
 
 Sound, Catheterize, Syncope — s. Auricular, 
 Apyromele — s. Bellows, friction, rasp, saw, lancet, 
 &e., see Bruit — s. Cracked pot. Bruit de p>ot fel& 
 — s. Crumpling, pulmonary, Froissement pulmo- 
 naire — s. Laryngeal, Laryngeche. 
 
 Sound, U'terine, U'terine bougie, (F.) Sonde 
 uterine. An instrument, somewhat similar to a 
 small male catheter, to be introduced into the 
 cavity of the uterus, in the diagnosis of diseases 
 of that viscus. When notched on the stem, it 
 enables the size of the uterine cavity to be ap- 
 preciated, and becomes a good hysterom'eter. 
 
 SOUNDING, Searching, see Sound. 
 
 SOUNDNESS OF MIND, Sanity. 
 
 SOUPIR, Sigh. 
 
 SOUR BERRY, see Oxycantha Galeni, Vacci- 
 nium oxycoccos — s. Dock, boreal, Oxyria reni- 
 formis — s. Leaf, Andromeda arborea — s. Tree 
 Andromeda arborea — s. Wood, Andromeda ar- 
 borea. 
 
 SOURCTL, Supercilium. 
 
 SOURCILIER, Corrugator supercilii, Super- 
 ciliary. 
 
 SOURD, Deaf. 
 
 S0URDS-3[UETS, see Mutitas surdorum. 
 
 SOUR-MILK, Buttermilk. 
 
 SOUR-SOP, Bromelia ananas. 
 
 SOURWOOD, Andromeda mariana. 
 
 SOUS-ACROMIO-CLA VT-HUMJERAL, Del- 
 toid — s. Atlo'idien, Subatloidfeus — s. Axo'idien, 
 Subaxoidasus — s. Azotate de Bismuth, Bismuth, 
 subnitrate of — «. Clavier, Subclavius — s. Costaux, 
 Intercostal — s. C^u^n/ie, Subcutaneous — s. Epi- 
 neux, Infra-spinatus — s. Lingual, Sub-lingual — s. 
 Ifammaire, Submammary — s. 3[axillaire, Sub- 
 maxillary — s. 3faxillo-Labial, Depressor anguli 
 oris — s. Mental, Submental— s. Metacarp)o-lateri- 
 phalangien. Prior annularis — s. Optico-spilieno- 
 scleroticien, Rectus inferior oculi — s. Orbitaire, 
 Suborbitar — s. Pubio-coccygien, Levator ani — s. 
 Pubio-creti-tibial, Gracilis — s. Pubio-pretibial, 
 Gracilis — s. Pubio-trochanterien-externe, Obtura- 
 tor externus — s. Pxibio-trocJiante.rien-interne, Ob- 
 turator internus — s. Scapulaire, Subscapularis — s. 
 Scapulo-trochinien, Subscapularis — s. Sels, see 
 Salt. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Glenn's Springs, in Spartanburg District, 
 are highly charged with salts of lime, and, not 
 far from them, is a chalybeate. Tress's Sprivg, 
 and Chick's Sjjrings, a few miles from Greenville, 
 resemble Glenn's Springs. 
 
 SOUTHERNWOOD, Artemisia abrotanum — 
 s. Field, Artemisia campestris — s. Maritime, Ar- 
 temisia maritima — s. Tartarian, Artemisia santo- 
 nica. 
 
 SOWBREAD, Arthanita, Cyclamen. 
 
 SOWENS, Flummery. 
 
 SOY, see Doliehos soia. 
 
 SOYMIDA FEBRIF'uGA, Swietenia febrifuga. 
 
 SPA, MINERAL WATERS OF. A town 
 seven leagues southeast of Liege, where there 
 are several springs, possessing a sharp acidulous 
 taste; containing much carbonic acid, carbonates 
 of iron, lime, and magnesia; carbonate of soda, 
 and chloride of sodium. The water is much used 
 as a tonic. 
 
 Spa Water, Artificial. Sodm subcarh., gr. 
 vij ; magnesice carioji., Qj ; limat. ferri., gr. iij ; 
 sodii chlorid., gr. j ; aqucB, Oiij. Impregnate 
 with gas from marble 2}oiDder and s«?/jA. acid., 
 aa ^x. 
 
 SPACE, INTERPEDUNCULAR, see Inter- 
 peduncular — s. Perforated, anterior, Locus per- 
 
SPADE-BONE 
 
 852 
 
 SPASM 
 
 Perforated, posterior, 
 
 xoratus antious 
 Tarini pons. 
 
 SPADE-BONE, Scapula. 
 SPADO, Castratus, Eunuch, Spasm. 
 SPAGYRIA, Chymistrj'. 
 
 SPAG"YRISTS, from o-Tau, 'I separate,' and 
 lyeiiiu), 'I assemble;' because they reduced com- 
 pounds into elements, and formed the latter into 
 compounds [?]. A sect of physicians, who pre- 
 tended to account for the changes that occur in 
 the human body in health and disease, in the same 
 manner as the chymists of their day explained 
 those of the inorganic kingdom. Iledici'iia Pa- 
 racelcis'tica seu Spagyr'ica, was likewise called 
 Hermet'ica, because it was believed that the 
 means of cure adopted in it had been found in 
 the books of Hermes. 
 SPAIG, Skeleton. 
 
 SPANu3];'MIA, from <Ti:avoi, 'poor,' and 'aijia, 
 'blood.' Poverty of the blood. Diminution in 
 the quantity of fibrin and red corpuscles of the 
 blood, — as where bleeding has been carried be- 
 yond certain limits. — Simon. 
 
 SPANjE'MIC, Spmics'micum (remedium), Dys- 
 2}las' ticum, Plastilyt'icum et erethilyt'icum, Hm- 
 matulyt'icnm, Dyscrasi'acnm. Same etymon as 
 the last. Relating to spanjeraia. 
 
 A medicine whose protracted use is said to 
 impoverish the blood, — as iodine, bromine, &c. 
 SPANDARAPUM, Sparadrapum. 
 SPANING, Weaning. 
 
 SPANISH FLY, Cantharis— s. Juice, Extrac- 
 tum glyoyrrhizaj. 
 
 SPANiSfADRAPUM, Sparadrapum. 
 SPANOPO'G-ON, from oravof, 'rare,' and tto)- 
 ywv, ' beard.' One who has lost his beard, or has 
 a thin beard. 
 
 The Greeks called those who had little beard, 
 or who had lost it, Spnnopngo'nes. 
 SPARADRAPA, Sparadrapum. 
 SPARADRAPIER. The name of a machine 
 for spreading sparadraps. A Plaster machine. 
 It consists of a table, with two raised pieces, mo- 
 vable, and furnished with points, by which the 
 cloth can be stretched, and of a lamina or blade 
 of metal to extend the plaster over it. 
 
 SPARADRA'PUM, Sparadra'pa, Sparadra- 
 pus, Tela emplas'tica seu emp)laa'trica, Spandara'- 
 pum, Spannadra' puni, (F .) Sparadrap. Any ad- 
 hesive plaster spread upon linen or paper. The 
 chief sparadraps are the f)llovving: — 
 
 Sparadrapum Adh^si'vum, Adhe'sive Plaster. 
 A spread plaster of the Eiaplastrum adhcesivum. 
 It is also called Strapping. 
 
 English Court Plaster is a Sparadrap, (F.) 
 Taffetas agglutinatif, T. gomnie, Taffetas d'An- 
 gleterre, Ser'icum An'glicitm, Emplas'triim An- 
 glicum. E. Angliea'nnm, E. Adhmsi'vun Wood- 
 stock'ii, E. IchthyocoVlm tela indnc'tum, E. Glu- 
 tino'sum, Tela Ichthyocol'lcB glu'tinans, Isinglass 
 Plaster. It is made by stretching black silk, and 
 brushing it over with a solution of isinglass 5j, 
 in jjroo/ spirit ^xij, to which tinct. benzoin. _:^ij, 
 are added. When dry, this is repeated five times ; 
 after this, two coats are given it of a solution of 
 tereb. Chics ^iv, in tinct. benz. ^vj, which render 
 it less liable to crack. 
 
 Liston's Isinglass Plaster is made by spreading 
 several coats of strong solution of isinglass in 
 weak spirit over oiled silk, or, still better, over 
 animal membrane previously prepared for the 
 purpose from the peritoneal coat of the c»cum of 
 the ox. 
 
 Sparadrapum pro Fontic'dlis, Issue Plaster, 
 is sometimes made of simple diachylon. Ibij ; Bur- 
 gundy pitch and sareocolla, each ,^iv; common 
 turpentine, ^^j. Spread upon linen and polished 
 with a moistened calendering glass rubber. 
 Sparadrapum seu Tela Galteui, Defensive 
 
 Plaster, (F.) Toile de Gautier. This is made of 
 olive oil, Ibss; suet, ^iv; ivax, ^x; litharge, 
 common turpentine, thus, and mastich, aa, 3'J 5 
 bole armeniac, flour, aa ,5j. Pour it, while 
 liquid, upon cloth, and spread. Used for issues 
 and to keep on dressings. 
 
 Sparadra'pum Vesicato'rium. Several sub- 
 stances have been introduced as substitutes for 
 blistering plaster, (see Emplastrum Lyttee,) under 
 the names. Tela vesicato'ria, Blistering Tissue, 
 &o., and other forms of which are the Taffetas 
 vesicant ou epispastiqne. Papier epispastique, 
 Charta vesicato'ria. They are made of an 
 ethereal or alcoholic extract of eantharides, or of 
 cantharidin, mixed with wax, and spread, in a 
 very fine layer, on silk or paper previously oiled 
 or waxed. They are eflScient agents. 
 
 Sparadrapum Vir'ide, Corn Plaster. This 
 may be made of yellow wax, Ibij ; Burgundy 
 pitch, ^xij ; common turpentine, ,^vj ; verdigris, 
 3iij; spread on cloth and polished. 
 
 Kennedy's Corn Plaster is made of yellow wax, 
 ibj ; Venice turjjentine, ^ij; verdigris,^}. 
 
 SPARADRAPUS, Sparadrapum. 
 
 SPARAGMA, Laceration. 
 
 SPARAGMOS, Spasm. 
 
 SPARAGUS, Asparagus. 
 
 SPARAL'LIUM, Clyster uteri'nus. An injec- 
 tion into the vagina. — Ruland and Johnson. 
 
 SPAREDIA. A ligature covered with the 
 white of egg. — Paracelsus. 
 
 SPARGA'NIUM RAMO'SUM, Great Bur- 
 reed, from Sparc/anon, owing to the ribbon-like 
 leaves. Indigenous: Ocrfec, Typhaeese ; flowering 
 in July and August. The roots are subastrin- 
 gent, but esculent; yielding a fine fecula, simi- 
 lar to salep. They are sometimes made into a 
 poultice for inflamed mammas. 
 
 SPAR'GANON, Spar'ganum, from (rirapyw, ' I 
 swathe,' 'I wrap.' 'Swathing clothes;' a kind 
 of bandage, with which children were formerly 
 surrounded. — Foesius. Also, a fascia. 
 
 SPARGANO'SIS, Spargo'sis, Intumescen'tia 
 lac'tea manima'runi Mastodyn'ia piolyg'ala, from 
 o-rrapyao), ' I am ready to burst.' Extreme disten- 
 sion of the breasts by milk. Sparganosis also 
 means the wrapping of a child in swathing clothes. 
 
 Sparganosis Puerperarum, Phlegmatia do- 
 lens. 
 
 SPARGANUM, Sparganon. 
 
 SPARROWGRASS, Asparagus. 
 
 SPARSUS, Sporadic. 
 
 SPAR'TIUM JUN'CEUM, Spanish broom. 
 Ord. LeguminosEB. A small European shrub, 
 cultivated in the gardens of the United States, on 
 account of its yellow flowers. The seeds are 
 diuretic and tonic, in small doses ; emetic and 
 cathartic in large. They have been used in 
 dropsy — 10 or 15 grains three times a day. 
 
 Spartium Soopa'rium, Cyt'isus scopa'rius, Ge- 
 nis'ta, G. scopa'ria seu hirsu'ta, Cytisogenista, 
 Broom, (F.) Genet & balai. Broom Tops, Spartii 
 Cacumina, Scopa'rius, (Ph. U. S.,) have a bitter 
 taste, and are possessed of diuretic properties. 
 They have been used in dropsies. Dose, of the 
 powder, ^j to ^j. All the genistee have similar 
 virtues. A decoction of genista, along with the 
 cauterization of the pustules under the tongue, 
 has been recommended in hydrophobia. 
 
 Spartium Tinctorium, Genista tinctoria. 
 
 SPASM, Spasmus, Sparag'tnos, Synol'ce, Spado, 
 from oKaoi, ' I draw.' The Greeks gave this name 
 to all kinds of convulsions. It is now usually 
 applied to involuntary muscular contractions; 
 and these, again, have been divided into tonic 
 spasm, Paraton'ia, which consists in permanent 
 rigidity and immobility of the muscles that are 
 the seat of it (see Tetanus) ; and clonic spasm, 
 
SPASMATICUS 
 
 SPECULUM 
 
 wtich consists in alternate contractions and re- 
 laxations (see Convulsion). 
 
 Cullen has a class, Spasmi — the neurospasmi 
 of Fuchs. 
 
 Spasw, Clonic, Convulsion — s. Cynic, see Ca- 
 nine laugh. 
 
 SpAsst OF THE Glottis, Asthma thymicum. 
 
 Spasm, Histrionic, of the Face, see Tic. 
 
 Spasm of the Larynx, Asthma thymicum. 
 
 Spasm, Masticatory, of the Face, Trismus. 
 
 Spasm with Rigidity, Tetanus. 
 
 Spasm, Writers'. Involuntary spasms of the 
 muscles of the thumh and inde.x finger, observed, 
 at times, in those who are much accustomed to 
 writing. See Cramp, writers'. 
 
 SPASMATICUS, Spasmotieus. 
 
 SPASMATODES, Spasmotieus. 
 
 SPASMS DE LA GLOTTE ET DU THO- 
 RAX, Asthma thymicum — s. de la Vessie, Cys- 
 tospasmus. 
 
 SPASMI, see Spasm. 
 
 SPASMODES, Convulsive. 
 
 SPASMODIC, Spasmotieus. 
 
 SPASMOL'OGY, Spasmolog"ia, from czaajioi, 
 'spasm,' and \oyog, 'a treatise.' A treatise on 
 spasms. 
 
 SPASMOLYGMUS, Singultus. 
 
 SPASMOT'ICUS, Spasmat'icus, Sjmsmato'des, 
 Spas'ticwi, Spastic, Spnsmod'ic, (F.) Spasmodi- 
 que, Spasfique, from u-Kaafioc, 'spasm.' Anything 
 relating to spasm. Also, an antispasmodic. 
 
 Morbi const ricto'rii, J/, spasmot'ici, &c., are 
 diseases accompanied with spasm. 
 
 SPASMUS, Convulsion, Spasm — s. Aurium, 
 Otalgia — s. Bronchialis, Asthma — s. Caninus, see 
 Canine laugh — s. Clonicus, Convulsion — s. Cyni- 
 eus, see Canine laugh — s. Facialis, Tic — s. Glot- 
 tidis. Asthma thymicum — s. Linguae, Glosso- 
 spasmus — s. Maxilla inferioris. Trismus — s. Mus- 
 cularis, Cramp — s. Musculorum Faciei, Canine 
 laugh — -s. Nutans, Convulsion, salaam — s. Peri- 
 phericus, Ilorrida cutis — s. Universalis, Synclonus 
 — s. Ventriculi, see Cardialgia — s. Vesicoe, Cys- 
 tospasmus. 
 
 SPAS'NIA, same etymon as Spasm. [?] A 
 term used by Mercurialis to designate the lanci- 
 nating pain produced, at times, in the chest by 
 violent fits of coughing. 
 
 SPASTIC, Spasmotieus, Tonic spasm. 
 
 SPASTICUM, Tetanic. 
 
 SPATHA. Hvpaleiptron. 
 
 SPATHES'TER, from c-au,, 'I draw.' A 
 surgical instrument, used for drawing the prepuce 
 over the glrins, when too short. — P. Amman. 
 
 SPATIIOMELE, Spatula. 
 
 SPATHULA, Scapula, Spatula — s. Foetida, 
 Iris fostidissima. 
 
 SPATHYEMA FCETIDA, Dracontium foeti- 
 dum. 
 
 SPATIA INTERLOBULARES, Interlobular 
 fissures. _ 
 
 SPAT'ILE, arariXrj, 'human excrement.' A 
 liquid fecal evacuation. Excrement. — Hippo- 
 crates. 
 
 SPATIUM ORIS, Mouth— s. Trigonum, Lyra. 
 
 SPATTERDOCK, Nuphar advena. 
 
 SPAT'ULA, Spath'rda, diminutive of Spatha, 
 cTa^r], ' a broad-sword.' Spathome'le, Specill'um 
 /rtfiim. An instrument used for spreading plas- 
 ters, stirring ointments, holding down the tongue, 
 &c. Also, the scapula. 
 
 Spatula pro Ore, Glossospatha. 
 
 SPAUD, Humerus. 
 
 SPAUL, Saliva. 
 
 SPAUT-BONE, Humerus. 
 
 SPAW-BONE, Humerus. 
 
 SPAYING, see Castration. 
 
 SPEANING-BRASH, Brash, weaning. 
 
 SPEARWORT, Ranunculus flammula. 
 
 SPEAUTER, Zinc. 
 
 SPECIAL, see Specific. 
 
 SPECIALIST, (F.) SpSdaliste. One who 
 devotes himself to a specialty; as to diseases of 
 particular parts, as of the eye, ear, chest, &c. 
 
 SPECIES, (F.) E>>peces, Specioles, This com- 
 poses. Officinal mixtures of substances cut or 
 bruised. Sometimes used for compound powders, 
 as it always appears to have been formerly. See 
 Pulvis. 
 
 Species Aromatic.*, Pulvis cinnamomi com- 
 positus — s. Diacinnamomi, Pulvis cinnamomi 
 compositus — s. Diacretae, Pulvis cretfe compos. — 
 s. Diajalapse, Pulvis jalapa? compositus — s. Diam- 
 bras sine odoratis, Pulvis cinnamomi compositus 
 — s. Diatragacanthse frigidse, Pulvis tragacanthse 
 compositus — s. Hierse picra3, Pulvis aloes cum 
 canellS, — s. Lsetificantes Rhazis, Pulvis cinna- 
 momi compositus — s. e Scordio cum opio, Pulvis 
 cretse compositus cum opio — s. e Scordio sine 
 opio, Pulvis cretee compositus. 
 
 SPECIF'IC, Specifiers, Nosocrat'ic, (F.) Spe'- 
 cifique, from species, 'a form or fashion,' and 
 facere, 'to make.' A substance to which is at- 
 tributed the special property of removing some 
 particular disease. Probably no such remedy 
 exists, ilercury in syphilis, and sidphur in the 
 itch, have been regarded as the strongest exam- 
 ples. The word is also used adjectively in the 
 sense of s^ject'a?/ as "mercury has a specific or 
 special action on the salivary glands." 
 
 Specific op Herrenschwand. A once cele- 
 brated German vermifuge. It is said to have 
 consisted of 10 grains of Gamhoge, with 20 of 
 Carbonate of Potassa. It is affirmed, that mer- 
 cury and arsenic have also been found in it. — 
 Paris. 
 
 SPECIFICUM PARACELSI, PotassEe sul- 
 phas. 
 
 SPECIL'LUM, Mele, Stylus, Explorato' rium, 
 from specio, ' I examine,' Specla'rion, a probe, 
 (F.) Stylet, Sonde. A surgical instrument, em- 
 plo3'ed for examining wounds, fistulas, and for 
 passing setons, &o. It is usually formed of sil- 
 ver; and is terminated, at one end, by an olive- 
 shaped button. The eyed probe has an aperture 
 at the other extremity. 
 
 Specillum, Everrieulum, Ilypaleiptron, Sound 
 — s. Auricularium, Apyromele — s. Cereum, Bou- 
 gie — s. Excavatum, Stylus excavatus — s. Latum, 
 Spatula — s. Minus, Melotis. 
 
 SPECWLE, Species. 
 
 SPECKS OF THE CORNEA, see Caligo. 
 
 SPECLARION, Specillum. 
 
 SPECTACLES, from spectare, 'to behold;' 
 Conspicil'la, (Se.) Breeh, (F.) Besides, Lunettes 
 ordinaires. Conserves. Glasses to assist the sight; 
 arranged so as to be adapted to both eyes. These 
 glasses are more or less concave or convex, accord- 
 ing as the sight is more or less short, {myopiic,) 
 or long, [presbyopic.) When the glass is adaptecl 
 to one eye. it is called an Eyeglass, Conspicil'him, 
 PerspiciVlum, Vitrum ocnla're. 
 
 SPECULA'RIS LAPIS. A transparent mine- 
 ral, but of what nature is not clear, which was 
 formerly employed in epilepsy. In old times it 
 was used for glass. — Pliny. 
 
 SPECULUM, Catop'ter, Catop'trun, Diop'tron. 
 In Latin, 'a mirror;' from specio, 'I see.' In 
 surgery, it means different instruments for dila- 
 ting cavities, and facilitating their examination. 
 See Dilator. There are various instruments of 
 this kind, — the S. Ani, S. Auris, S. Vaginee, 
 (Colpeiiryn'ter, Elytreurynter,) S. Matri'cis, /?. 
 Oculi, S. Oris ((F.) Baillon,) S. Gutturis, S. 
 Ye sices. 
 
 Speculum Citrinum, Orpiment — s. Indicum, 
 Ferri limatura — s. Lucidum, Septum lucidum — s< 
 
SPECUS 
 
 854 
 
 SPERMATIC 
 
 Oris, Grlossocatoclius — s. Veneris, Achillea mille- 
 folium. 
 
 SPECUS, Vulva — s. Cordis, Ventricle of the 
 Heart — s. Pro medulla spinali, see Vertebral co- 
 lumn — s. Vertebralis, see Vertebral column. 
 
 SPEDALSKE, see Radzyge. 
 
 SPEDALSKHED, see Radzyge. 
 
 SPEECH, Voice, articulated. 
 
 SPEECHLESSNESS, Mutitas. 
 
 SPEEDIMAN'S PILLS, see Pilulse aloes et 
 myrrhfe. 
 
 SPEEDWELL, BROOKLIME, Veronica bec- 
 cabunga — s. Female, Antirhinum elatine — s. Offi- 
 cinal, Veronica — s. Purslain, Veronica peregrina 
 . — s. Water, Veronica beccabunga. 
 
 SPELL-BONE, Fibula. 
 
 SPELTRUM, Zineum. 
 
 SPERAGE, Asparagus. 
 
 SPERAGUS, Asparagus. 
 
 SPFiHH, a-cpjia, a-ncp/iaros, from (T~eipu>, 'I SOW.' 
 Spermat'ic fluid or liquor, Sem'inal fluid, Seed, 
 Semen, S. viri'le seu musculi'num sen genita'le, 
 Seniin'ium, Genita'le, 3Iedul'lm, lios. Sanguis, 
 Serum, Humor genita'lia seu semina'lis seu ve- 
 ire'reus, ZTri'na genita'lis, Genitu'ra, Sioerma, S. 
 viri'le, Spermi'um, Tho're, Tho'rus, Lac maris, 
 Lagne'a, Lagni'a, Lagneu'ma, Germen, Vita'le 
 virus, 3Iale's milk, Prop'agatory or genital 
 liquor, Vital or quicJcening venom, (F.) Semence, 
 Fluide seminal. A whitish, viscid fluid, of a pecu- 
 liar smell, secreted by the testicles, whence it is 
 carried by the vasa deferentia to the vesiculaB 
 seminales, to be thrown into the vagina, during 
 coition, through the ejaculatory ducts and the 
 urethra. It is the fecundating fluid, and must 
 come into actual contact with the germ of the 
 female. The Aura sem'inis, Gonau'ra, is inca- 
 pable of effecting fecundation. The semen, at 
 the time of emission, is composed of two different 
 fluids; the one liquid and transparent, which is 
 considered to be the secretion of the prostate, — 
 the other, white, and as thick as mucilage; the 
 product of the testicular secretion. The sperm 
 contains, according to Vauquelin, 900 parts of 
 water, 50 of animal mucilage, 10 of soda, and 30 
 of calcareous phosphate. The animal matter is 
 peculiar, and by some termed spermatin. 
 
 Microscopic observations show that it contains 
 spermatozo'a, or more properly spermatozo'ids ; 
 for their animalcular nature is not demonstrated. 
 They are produced in cells — sperm-cells — and 
 have probably no more title to be considered ani- 
 malcular, than the cilia of the ciliated epithelium. 
 By careful examination, other minute, round, 
 granulated bodies may almost always be de- 
 tected, which are in all cases much less nume- 
 rous than the spermatozoa. These bodies are the 
 seminal granules, gran'xila sem'inis. Pure sperm, 
 in its most perfect state, consists principally of 
 spermatozoids and seminal granules; both of 
 which are enveloped in a small quantity of fluid, 
 liquor sem'inis, sjjerynat'ic liquor. 
 
 It has been imagined, but erroneously, that 
 during coition there is a secretion of female sperm 
 — Semen mulie'bre, Thelyg'onum. The increased 
 secretion that takes place is chiefly from the 
 glands of Duverney. 
 
 Sperm also means spermaceti. 
 Sperm Cell, see Sperm. 
 
 SPERMA, Sperm — s. Mercurii, Hydrargyrus 
 acetatus. 
 
 SPERJf A RA^^A'RTJjr, Sperni'ola seu Sperni'ohim 
 seu Sperm i'nla seu Spermi' olum rana'rum. Frog's 
 spawn. Once used in medicine. 
 
 SPERMACETI, Cetaeeum— s. Whale, see Ce- 
 taceum. 
 
 SPERMACRASIA. Spermatorrhoja. 
 SPER3IATACRASIA, Spermatorrhoea. 
 SPERMATACRATIA, Spermatorrhoea. 
 
 SPERMAT'IC, Spermat'icus, Semina'lis, Sem'- 
 inal, (F.) Spernuitique, from CTrcpjia, anipfiaTo;. 
 That which relates to the sperm. A name given 
 to different parts connected with the organs of 
 generation. 
 
 Spermatic Arteries, Arterice Spermat'icce seu 
 presparan'tes, (F.) Arteres testiculaires, A. de 
 I'ovaire (Ch.), are two in number — one on each 
 side — and arise from the sides of the arota, some- 
 times from the renal arteries. They descend, 
 almost vertically, at the sides of the vertebral 
 column, and are distributed diflerently in the 
 two sexes. In man, the spermatic artery, situate 
 at the side of the vas deferens, issues by the ab- 
 dominal ring; gives numerous ramifications to 
 the spermatic cord, and divides into fasciculi of 
 branches, one of which goes to the testicle, — the 
 other to the epididymis. In the female, the 
 spermatic artery, ova'rian artery, dips into the 
 pelvis, and passes to the ovarium. Fallopian tube, 
 and round ligament. 
 
 Spermatic Cord, or Chord, Testic'idar Cord, 
 Funic' idus Spermatieus, Corpus varico'sum, (F.) 
 Cordon spermatique ou testiculaire. The vascular 
 and nervous chord, by which the testicle is sus- 
 pended. It is composed of the spermatic artery 
 and veins ; of other small vessels ; of lymphatics ; 
 of nervous filaments from the spermatic plexus, 
 and from the genito-crural branch of the lumbo- 
 abdominal plexus; of the vas deferens, and, very 
 often, of a fibro-cellular cord, which unites the 
 peritoneum to the upper part of the tunica vagi- 
 nalis, and in which encysted hydrocele of the 
 spermatic cord occurs. All these parts are uni- 
 ted together bj' a very lax, areolar tissue, and 
 surrounded by coats, which, reckoning from with- 
 out, are: — 1. The skin and areolar inembrane. 
 2. A fibro-celiular membrane, formed by the fas- 
 cia superficialis. 3. A very thin layer, iurmed by 
 fibres of the cremaster muscle, united archwise 
 before, and often also behind, the cord. 4. The 
 proper sheath of the spermatic vessels, or the tu- 
 bular prolongation furnished by the fascia trans- 
 versalis to the chord, on a level with the superior 
 orifice of the inguinal canal. The spermatic 
 cord is commonly shorter on the right side than 
 on the left; and of a different size in different 
 individuals. It ascends, almost vertical!}', from 
 the superior margin of the testicle as far as the 
 lower orifice of the inguinal canal ; passes through 
 this canal and enters the abdomen, crossing the 
 epigastric artery. Here it forms an evident 
 elbow, directing its course backward. At this 
 part, also, the organs composing it separate from 
 each other: — the vas deferens descending into 
 the pelvis to pass behind the bladder; — the blood- 
 vessels and lympathics ascending towards the 
 lumbar region, <fcc. 
 
 Spermatic Filaments, Spermatozoa — s. Fluid, 
 Sperm. 
 
 Spermatic Ganglion. A large ganglion, 
 formed by branches from the hypogastric gang- 
 lion, and from the spermatic plexus. It supplies 
 the fundus uteri. Besides these ganglia. Dr. 
 Robt. Lee describes res'ical and vag"inal ganglia, 
 and anterior and posterior suhperilone'al ganglia. 
 and p)lexuses, which communicate with the pre- 
 ceding, and constitute an extensive nervous rate 
 over the entire uterus. 
 
 Spermatic Liquor, Liquor seminis, see Sperm. 
 
 Spermatic Passages or Ways, Via Sperma- 
 tic<B, are the canals concerned in the excretion 
 of semen. See Testicle. 
 
 Spermatic Plexuses of nerves. Plexus testicu- 
 lares, are two in number, and are furnished by 
 the renal plexuses. Their filaments, called Sper- 
 matic nerves, follow the arteries of the same name 
 to the testicle in man ; and to the ovary and Fal- 
 lopian tube in the female, — ova'rian nerves. They 
 
SPERMATIN 
 
 85 5 
 
 SPHENOID 
 
 cannot be traced into the substance of these 
 organs. 
 
 Spermatic Veins are two or three in number 
 on each side. They accompany the spermatic 
 artery, and open — those of the right, into the 
 vena cava inferior; those of the left, into the 
 corresponding renal vein. These veins form, 
 above the testicle, a kind of venous networli, 
 called, by some, the Spermatic Plexus ; and an- 
 other plexus before the psoas muscles, called the 
 Corpus pampiniforme. 
 
 SPERMATIN, see Sperm. 
 
 SPERMATIS'MUS, Emis'sio sem'ims, from 
 cTTZfua, aTtepjxaToi, 'sperm.' The emission of sperm. 
 Sperma'tism or Animal'cuUsrn is the doctrine, 
 which maintains that the embryo is produced by 
 the, so called, spermatic animalcules. 
 
 SPERMATIST, Animalculist. 
 
 SPERMATOCOCCr, Spermatozoa. 
 
 SPERMATOCE'LE, Hernia semina'lia scroti, 
 Oscheoce'le semina'lis, Gonoce'le, from antpfia, 
 aveptiaTos, 'sperm,' and (ci?^)?) 'ft tumour.' The 
 ancients gave this name to certain swellings of 
 the testicle which were regarded as produced by 
 an accumulation of sperm in the organ. Also, 
 varicocele. 
 
 SPERMATOCLEMMA, see Pollution. 
 
 SPBRMATOCLEPSIS, see Pollution. 
 
 SPERMATOCYSTIDORRHAG"IA, Caulor- 
 rhag"ia ejaculato'ria, Hamatn' rin ejaculato'ria 
 seu semina'lis, from a-acpjia, (nrtpnaTOi, ' sperm,' 
 KvtxTii, 'bladder,' and payri, 'a breaking forth.' 
 A discharge of blood from the urethra, or the act 
 of ejaculation of sperm. 
 
 SPERMATODES, Gonoides. 
 
 SPERMATOGON'IA, S^yermogoii'ia, Sperma- 
 topoe'a, Sperinatopoe'sis, Spermi'um, from atnpua, 
 a-nepjiaTog, ' sperm,' and yevvaw, ' to beget.' The 
 preparation or secretion of sperm. 
 
 SPERMATOID, Gonoides. 
 
 SPERMATOLEPSIS, see Pollution. 
 
 SPERMATOLIPSIS, see Pollution. 
 
 SPERMATOL'OGY, Spermatoloy" ia, from 
 cTTspua, aTTcpfiarog, 'sperm,' and \oyos, 'a discourse.' 
 A treatise on sperm. 
 
 SPERMATOPH'OROUS, Seminiferous, from 
 aircpixa, antpfj.aTog, 'sperm,' and <ptpoi, 'I carry.' 
 Sperm-bearing. The cells or granules in the 
 sperm have been so called. 
 
 SPERMATOPOEA, Spermatogonia. 
 
 SPERMATOPOESIS, Spermatogonia. 
 
 SPERMATOPOETIC, Spermatopoeus. 
 
 SPERMATOPCE'US, Spermatopoet'icns, Sper- 
 matopoel'ic, Gonepoe'us, Gonepoet'icus, Gonopoet'- 
 icus, from avtpiia, antpnaTog, 'sperm,' and -roiuv, 
 ' to make.' Food, to which has been attributed 
 the property of augmenting the secretion of se- 
 men ; and, consequently, of e.xciting the venereal 
 act. Very succulent and very nutritious sub- 
 stances have been so considered. 
 
 SPERMATORRHQE'A, Spermorrlve'a, Sper- 
 macra'sia, Spermatoze'm.ia, Spermatacra' sia, Go- 
 nacra'sia, Gonacrati'a, Gonoze'mia, Spermata- 
 crafi'a, Gonorrhce'a vera, (F.) Flux de Sperme, 
 Pollutions, Pertes seminales ; from ai^cpjia, cucpjia- 
 Tog, 'sperm,' and pew, 'I flow.' An emission of 
 sperm, without copulation. See GonorrhcBa, and 
 Pollution. 
 
 Spermatobrhcea Atonica, Gonorrhoea laxo- 
 rum. 
 
 SPERMATOS'CHESIS, from <T>7£p^a, (r^Epixarog, 
 'sperm,' and ax^f^s, 'retention.' Retention or 
 suppression of the spermatic secretion. 
 
 SPERMATOZEMIA, Spermatorrhoea. 
 
 SPERMATOZO'A, Zoosper'mata, from avepixa, 
 (TTTepixaTog, 'sperm,' and ^wov, 'animal.' Jln/- 
 mal'cula semina'lia seu spermat'ica, Filn sper- 
 mat'ica, Corpuscula sem'inis, spermatococ'ci, Ver- 
 
 mic'xdi sj)ermat'iei, Spermatozo'ida, Sem'inul or 
 spermatic fil'aments, Spermatic or seminal ani- 
 mal' cules [?], (F.) Zoosptermes, Spermatozoiiires 
 Reputed animalcules seen in the sperm ; by most, 
 physiologists supposed to be the formative agents 
 in generation. See Sperm. 
 
 SPEIUIATOZOAIRES, Spermatozoa. 
 
 SPERMATOZOIDS, Spermatozoa. 
 
 SPERMIOLUM RANARUM, Sperma rana- 
 rum. 
 
 SPERMIUM, Sperm, Spermatogonia. 
 
 SPERMOBOLE, see Ejaculation, Spermatis- 
 mus. 
 
 SPERMOEDIA CLAVUS, Ergot. 
 
 SPERMOGONIA, Spermatogonia. 
 
 SPERMORRIKEA, Spermatorrhoea. 
 
 SPERNIOLUM RANARUM, Sperma rana- 
 rum. 
 
 SPEWING, Vomiting. 
 
 SPHACELATED, Sphacelu'tus, (F.) Spha- 
 cele. Struck "with sphacelus. 
 
 SPHACELATION, Mortification. 
 
 SPHACELE, Sphacelus — 8. de la Pouche, 
 Cancer aquatieus. 
 
 SPHACELIA SEGETUM, see Ergot. 
 
 SPHACELISMUS, Sphacelus — s. Cerebri, 
 Phrenitis. 
 
 SPHACELUS, ai^aKsXog, Gangrce'nn SpTiace- 
 lus, Sphacelis'mus, Cold mortification, (F.) Spiha- 
 cele, Gangrene froide, from a<pa^u), 'I slay.' This 
 word is used, by some, synonymously with gan- 
 grene ; by others, with gangrene when it occu- 
 pies the whole substance of a limb. Commonly, 
 it means the disorganized portion, in cases of 
 mortification, anthraconecro'sis, which must be 
 thrown off, — or is, in other words, totally dead. 
 The foul disorganized portion of an ulcer — called 
 the slough — must be considered a kind of spha- 
 celus. 
 
 Sphacelus was formerly used to denote exces- 
 sive pain ; and for agitation from excessive pain, 
 or violent emotion. 
 
 Sphacelus Ceuealis, Ergotism — s. Nosoco- 
 mialis, Hospital gangrene. 
 
 SPH^RA, Pila— s. Marina, Pila marina — s. 
 Thalassia, Pila marina. 
 
 SPH^RANTHUS INDICUS, Adaca. 
 
 SPH^'RIA SINEN'SIS, (a<pacpa, 'a globe,') 
 Ifia Tsao Tom Tchom, Hin Tsao Tong Tchong, 
 Totsn Kaso, Summer plant lointer worm. A fungus 
 which projects from the neck of a lepidopterous 
 insect. It is highly esteemed by the Chinese 
 as a tonic, like ginseng. 
 
 SPH^RIDION, Pilula 
 
 SPH^RION, Globule, Pilula. 
 
 SPH^ROCEPHALA ELATIOR, Echinops. 
 
 SPH^ROCOCCUS CRISPUS, Fucus crispus 
 — s. Helminthochortus, Corallina Corsicana — s. 
 Lichenoides, Fucus amylaceus. 
 
 SPH^RULA GALENI, Pilula. 
 
 Sphterdl^ Sanguinis, Globules of the blood. 
 
 SPHAGE, Throat. 
 
 SPHENDONE, Funda. 
 
 SPHENO, in the composition of anatomical 
 terms, usually means, belonging or relating to 
 the sphenoid bone. 
 
 SPHENOCEPHA'LIA, from a(pr,v, 'a wedge,' 
 and KetpaXri, ' head.' Monstrosity, in which the 
 head is wedge shaped, owing to the projection 
 of the anterior fontanel region. 
 
 SPHENO-EPINEUSE, {Arth-e,) Meningeal 
 artery, middle. 
 
 SPHENOID, SphenoVdes, Spheno'des, Sphc 
 noideus, S/jheno'ida'lis, (F.) Spliinoide, from 
 a(jjr]v, ' a wedge,' and uiog, ' resemblance.' Wedge- 
 shaped. Hence, 
 
 Sphenoid Bone, Sphenoules os, Os hasila're 
 seu cuneifor'me seu cu'neo compara'tum seu sphe- 
 
SPHENOIDAL 
 
 856 
 
 SPHINCTEE 
 
 i.oida'le seu multifor'me seu az'ygos seu papilla'- 
 re sen polyjnor'jihon seu. paxilla're seu haxiUa're 
 seu alcpftir'me seu spTiecoV deiim seu vespifor'me 
 seu incoiijiiga'tum seu pterygo'ideum seu ala'tum 
 seu ciilaio'ru, Pter'ygoid hone. An azj'gous bone, 
 situate on the median line, and at the base of the 
 cranium. It articulates with all the other bones 
 of that cavity ; supports them, and strengthens 
 their union. Its form is singular, and resembles 
 a bat with its wings extended. It has, 1. An 
 inferior or guttural surface, on which is situate 
 the crista, that joins the vomer; a channel, which 
 concurs in forming the pterygo-palatine foramen ; 
 the pterygoid process; the pterygoid fossa; the 
 scaphoid depression ; the Vidian or pterygoid 
 canal; the foramina — ovale, spinale, &c. 2. A 
 miperior or cerehral surface, on which are: — the 
 clinoid processes; the pituitary fossa ; the fora- 
 mina {ovale, rotundum, and spinale) ; the Apo- 
 physis of Ingrassias or lesser icing ; the foramen 
 opticum, ifcc. 3. An occipital or 2iosterior surface, 
 which is articulated with the basilary process of 
 the occipital bone. 4. An anterior or orbifar 
 nasal surface ; having, anteriorly, a crista to 
 unite with the ethmoid bone ; and, on each side, 
 a round aperture, which leads into two cavities 
 in the substance of the bone, separated by a 
 middle septum, and called the sphenoidcd sinuses. 
 5. Two zygomato-temporal or external surfaces, 
 which correspond to the temporal and zygomatic 
 fossae. 
 
 Some divide the sphenoid into body or middle 
 portion ; and alcB, which are four in number, and 
 are subdivided into great (Temporal Plates or 
 Wings, Al(B magna) and little (A23ophyaes of In- 
 grassias, Al(B mino'res. Processus ensiform'es). 
 The Sphenoid suture surrounds the bone. 
 Sphenoid, Spinous Process of the. Sphenoid 
 spine. 
 
 SPHENOID'AL, Sphenoida'lis. That which 
 belongs or relates to the sphenoid bone. 
 
 Sphenoidal Cor'nua, Cor'nua Spheno'ida'lia, 
 (F.) Cornets spheno'idaux ou de Bertin, Osselets 
 de Bertin, Ossic'nla Berti'ni, Ossa triangula'ria, 
 Pyr'amids of Wistar. Two small, thin, and 
 curved bones, situate between the sphenoid and 
 ethmoid, with which they are confounded in the 
 adult. They have the shape of a hollow pyramid, 
 with the base turned backwards ; and are deve- 
 loped by a single point of ossification. They are 
 articulated with the sphenoid, ethmoid, palate 
 bone, and vomer. 
 
 Sphenoidal or Supe'rtor Or'bitart Fissure, 
 Fora'men lac"ernm snpe'rius, (F.) Fente S2}heno'i- 
 dale, is a large fissure, situate between the great 
 and little ala of the sphenoid. It is seen at the 
 upper and back part of the orbit between which 
 and the cranium it is a means of communication, 
 and transmits the third, fourth, and sixth pair of 
 nerves, and the first branch of the fifth pair, to 
 the eye and its appendages. 
 
 Sphenoidal Spine, Spina seu Crista sphenoi- 
 da'lis, (F.) £pine sphenoidale. Spinous Process 
 of the Sphenoid : — 1. A projecting crista at the 
 inferior surface of the sphenoid-bone, for articu- 
 lation with the vomer. 2. A triangular process, 
 Apophyse sous-temporale (Ch.), met with near the 
 posterior margin of the same bone, behind the 
 foramen spinale. At the point of the spinous 
 process, a styloid process is frequently met with. 
 SPHENOIDES, Cuneiform, Sphenoid— s. Os, 
 Sphenoid bone. 
 
 SPIIENOMAX'ILLART, Spheno-maxilla' ris. 
 That which relates to the sphenoid and maxillary 
 bones. 
 
 Sphenomaxillary Fissure, Inferior or'bitar 
 Fissure, (F.) Fente spheno-maxillaire ou orbitaire 
 inferieure ; called, also, Fora'men lac"erum in- 
 fe'rius seu spheno-maxilla' re, is situate at the 
 
 posterior part of the angle formed by the union 
 of the internal and inferior parietes of the orbit. 
 It is constituted, above, by the sphenoid bone; 
 below, by the superior maxillary and palate 
 bones ; and, before, by the malar bone. It is nar- 
 rower at the middle than at the extremities, and 
 forms a communication between the orbitar cavity 
 and the zygomatic fossa. 
 
 Sphenoiiaxillary Fossa is a name given by 
 some anatomists, to a depression at the union of 
 the sphenomaxillary and pterygomaxillary fis- 
 sures. 
 
 SPHENO-OR'BITAR. A name given by Be- 
 clard to the anterior part of the body of the sphe- 
 noid bone, which is developed by a variable num- 
 ber of points of ossification. 
 
 SPHEXOPAL'ATINE, Sphenopalnti'nus. 
 That which relates to the sphenoid and palate 
 bones. 
 
 Sphenopalatine Artery, Large lateral nasal 
 A., is the termination of the internal maxillary. 
 It enters at the posterior part of the superior 
 meatus of the nose, through the spheno-palatine 
 foramen, and spreads its numerous branches on 
 the pituitary membrane covering the sejitum, the 
 cornua, and the meatus. 
 
 Sphenopalatine Fora'jien is a round aper- 
 ture, formed by the vertical portion of the os pa- 
 lati and the sphenoid. It establishes a commu- 
 nication between the nasal fossa and the zygo- 
 matic fossa. 
 
 Sphenopalatine Ganglion, Ganglion of Mec- 
 kel, Sphenoid'al G. (Ch.) A small, nervous, cor- 
 diform, or triangular ganglion, of variable size, 
 situate without the foramen sphEeno-palatinum, 
 in the pterygomaxillary fissure. It seems sus- 
 pended by several nervous filaments to the trunk 
 of the superior maxillary nerve, and gives off 
 internal or S2ohlenopalatine filaments, inferior or 
 2}alatine filaments, and a. 2}osterior filament, which 
 is the Vidian or pterygoid nerve. 
 
 Sphenopalatine Nerves, ia«'eraZ»iasa?jier«e», 
 arise from the ganglion — just described — at its 
 inner part, and enter the nasal fossas by the sphe- 
 nopalatine foramen. They are five or six in num- 
 ber, and distribute their filaments to the outer 
 and inner parietes of the nasal fossas. One of 
 the most remarkable branches is the Kaso-2Jala- 
 tine. 
 
 SPHENOPALATINUS, Levator palati. 
 
 SPHENOPARI'ETAL, S2yheno -imrieta'lis. 
 That which belongs or relates to the sphenoid 
 and parietal bones. 
 
 Sphenoparietal Suture is formed by the ar- 
 ticulation of the extremity of the greater ala of 
 the sphenoid with the anterior and inferior angle 
 of the parietal bone. 
 
 SPHENO-PTERYGO-PALATINUS, Cireum- 
 flexus — s. Salpingostaphylinus, Circumflesus — s. 
 Salpinrjo-mallien, Laxator tympani. 
 
 SPHENOSIS, see Wedged. 
 
 SPHEXOSTAPHYLINUS, Levator palati. 
 
 SPHEXOTEMP'ORAL, Spheno-tempora'lis. 
 That which belongs to the sphenoid and temporal 
 bones. 
 
 Sphenotejiporal Suture is the suture at the 
 articulation of the great alte of the sphenoid bone 
 with the squamous portion of the temporal. Be- 
 clard gives the name sjjhenotemporcd to the pos- 
 terior part of the body of the sphenoid, which is 
 developed by distinct points of ossification. 
 
 SPHEX, Wasp. 
 
 SPHINCTER, c4>iyKTr,p, Constric'tor, Mnsc'ulua 
 constricto'rius, from a<piyyui, ' I constrict.' A name 
 given to several annular muscles, which constrict 
 or close certain natural openings. 
 
 Sphincter Ani, Anmda'ris Ani. Many ana- 
 tomists have described two sphincter muscles of 
 the anus : — 1. The S. exter'mts seu cuta'neus. As- 
 
SPHONDYLIUM 
 
 857 
 
 SPINA 
 
 pidis'coa, Ooecyffio-cutaiie-spliincter, Orbicula'ris 
 Recti, Constric'tor Aiii, Coccygio-aiial, (Ch.) It 
 is situate around the anus; is elliptical from be- 
 fore to behind; flattened, and pierced at its mid- 
 dle. Its fibres describe concentric arcs, which 
 are attached, behind, to the extremity of the coc- 
 cyx, by a dense, areolar substance ; and are con- 
 founded, anteriorly, with the bulbo-cavernosi and 
 transversi perinaei muscles. This muscle con- 
 tracts and closes the anus. 2. The inner or in- 
 ternal Sphincter Ani, Sphincter intestina'lis of 
 Winslow, is by many anatomists considered as 
 the termination of the circular fibres of the rec- 
 tum. It is annular, and situate around the infe- 
 rior extremity of the rectum, to the extent of 
 about a finger's breadth. It has the same uses 
 as the other. 
 
 Sphincter Gul^, Constrictores pharj'ngis — 
 s. Ilei, Bauhin, valve of — s. Intestinalis, Sphinc- 
 ter ani internus — s. Labiorum, Orbicularis oris — 
 s. Oculi, Orbicularis palpebrarum — s. Palpebra- 
 rum, Orbicularis palpebrarum — s. Pylori, see 
 Pylorus — s. Vaginaj, Constrictores cunni — s. 
 Ventriculi, Pylorus. 
 
 Sphincter Vesi'CjE, Sphincter of the bladder. 
 Some anatomists have given this name to whitish, 
 elastic, and circular fibres, which surround the 
 neck of the bladder, but do not constitute a par- 
 ticular muscle. Morgagni has given the name 
 Psecdo-Sphincter to the anterior fibres of the 
 levator ani, which pass beneath the neck of the 
 bladder, and, by their contraction, close that 
 opening. See Compressor urethra;. 
 
 SPHONDYLIUM, Heraeleum spondylium. 
 
 SPHONGUS, Fungus, Spongia. 
 
 SPHRAGIDONYCHARGOCOME'TA, from 
 (7i/>f)ayif, 'a seal,' oid|, oi'ii;^of, 'a nail,' apyos, 
 'white,' or perhaps apyvpog, ' silver,' and Koiiew, 
 '1 adorn.' A charlatan who adorned his fingers 
 to the very nails with rings. — Aristophanes, Hip- 
 pocrates. 
 
 SPHYGMA, Pulse. 
 
 SPHYGMIC, Sphyy'micns, (F.) SpJiyr/miqne, 
 from a(j)vynos, ' pulse.' Relating to the pulse : — 
 pulsatory. 
 
 Sphygmic Art, Ars Sphyg'miea. The art of 
 judging by the pulse, in health or disease. 
 
 Sphygmica Doctrina, Sphygmologia. 
 
 SPHYGMICUS, Throbbing. 
 
 SPHYGMOCEPHALUS, Crotaphe. 
 
 SPHYGMODES, Throbbing. 
 
 SPHYGMOLEGIUM, Pulsilegium. 
 
 SPHYG'MOGRAPH; from a^vyjio?, 'the 
 pulse,' and ypatpu), 'I describe.' An instrument 
 which, when applied over an artery, indicates the 
 character of the pulse as to force and extent of 
 undulations. — Vierordt. 
 
 SPHYGMOLOG"IA, SphycpnoVogy, Sphyg'- 
 mica Doctri'na, Ars Spihyg'iniea, from a^vyjioq, 
 ' the pulse,' and \oyoi, ' a description.' The doc- 
 trine of the pulse. 
 
 SPHYGMOMETER, Pulsilegium. 
 
 SPHYGMOS, Pulsation, Pulse. 
 
 SPHYGMOSCOPIUM, Pulsilegium. 
 
 SPHYRA, Malleolus. 
 
 SPHYXIS, Pulsation. 
 
 SPIC, Lavandula Spiea. 
 
 SPEC A, Faa'cia repens, Spica bandage, 
 (F.) Japi. A bandage so called in consequence 
 <if its somewhat resembling a spike of barley. 
 The turns of the bandage cross like the letter V ; 
 — each leaving a third of the roller uncovered. 
 It is distinguished into ascending and descending. 
 It may be applied over various parts of the body, 
 and in a diiferent manner in each case: thus, 
 there is the S^yica seu Fascia ingnlnn'lis, Spica 
 inguina'lis diqilex, the spica for the shoulder, 
 and another for the thumb. 
 
 Spica, Lavandula Spica — s. Alpina, Valeriana 
 
 Celtica — s. Celtica, Valeriana Celtica— s. Indlca, 
 Nardus Indica — s. Nardi, Nardus Indica. 
 
 SPICEBERRY, Gaultheria, Laurus Benzoin. 
 
 SPICEBUSH, Laurus Benzoin. 
 
 SPICES. FOUR, see Myrtus pimenta. 
 
 SPICEWOOD, Laurus Benzoin. 
 
 SPICILLUM, Specillum. 
 
 SPIDER, see Aranese tela. 
 
 SPIDERWORT, Liliago, Tradescantia Vir- 
 ginica. 
 
 SPIGELIA, S. Marilandica. 
 
 Spige'lia Anthel'mia, Bemera'ra Pinkroot, a 
 native of South America and the West India 
 Islands, has properties like the 
 
 Spige'lia Marilan'dica, S. Lonic"€ra, AnthcF- 
 mia, Lonic"era Marilan'dica, Peren'nial Worm- 
 grass or Indian Pink, Caroli'na Pink, Starbloom, 
 Wormroot. Nat. Ord. Gentianacese. Class, 
 Pentandria. Orrfer, Monogj'nia. Indigenous. The 
 root — Spigelia (Ph. U. S.) Pinkroot — is celebrated 
 as an anthelmintic, pa-rticularly in cases of lum- 
 brici. 
 
 It is, also, asserted to have been found service- 
 able .in remittent fever. It is a narcotieo-acrid. 
 Dose, gr. x to ,^ss. 
 
 SPIGNEL, iEthusa meum. 
 
 SPIKENARD, Conyza squarrosa, Nardus In- 
 dica — s. American, Aralia racemosa — s. False, 
 Smalacina racemosa — s. Small, Aralia nudicaulis 
 
 — s. Tree, Aralia spinosa. 
 
 SPILANTHES ACMELLA, Spilanthus ae- 
 mella. 
 
 SPILAN'THUS ACMEL'LA, S. cilia'ta seu 
 Jinibria'ta, Spilan'thes acmel'la, from <T7nXog, 'a 
 spot,' and avSoi, 'a flower,' owing to its dotted or 
 speckled flower, Bidens acmella, Achmella, At- 
 mella, A. Mauritiana, Verbesi'na acmella, Balm- 
 leaved Spilanthus. Ord. Campositse. Sex. Syst, 
 Syngenesia Polygamia aequalis. This plant pos- 
 sesses a glutinous, bitter taste, and fragrant smell. 
 The herb and seed are said to be diuretic and em- 
 menagogue. They have been used in dropsies, 
 jaundice, fluor albus, and calculous complaints; 
 given in infusion. 
 
 Spilanthus, Balji-leaved, Spilanthus acmel- 
 la — s. Ciliata, S. acmella — s. Fimbriata, S. ac- 
 mella. 
 
 Spilanth'us Olera'ceus, Spear-leaved Spi- 
 lanthus, {¥.) Cresson de Para. A tincture of the 
 plant has been recommended in toothach. 
 
 SPILI, see Nsevus. 
 
 SPILOMA, see N^vus. 
 
 SPILOSIS, Epichrosis — s. Ephelis, Ephelides 
 
 — s. Poliosis, Poliosis. 
 
 SPILSBURY'S ANTISCORBUTIC DROPS. 
 An empirical preparation, formed of hydra rg, 
 oxymnr., rad. gentian., cort. aurant. sice, aa J'j > 
 antimon. crud., sanfal. ritbr, aa ^j ; spyiritus vini 
 recti/., aqucB, aa §viij. 
 
 SPINA, 'a thorn ;' Spine, (F.) JEpine. A pro- 
 cess on the surface of a bone, which has been 
 compared to the spines or thorns on certain vege- 
 tables. The chief processes of this name are : — 
 the nasal spine, the spine of the scapxdci, the spine 
 of the ischium, the four iliac spines, the pialatine 
 spine, the maxillary , the sphenoid, &c. The spine 
 of the back is the collection of vertebras constitu- 
 ting the vertebral column. 
 
 Spina, Penis — s. Aeida, Oxyaeantha Galeni-- 
 s. jEgyptiaca, see Acaciaj gummi — s. Alba, 
 Carduus marianus, Mespilus oxycantha, Ono- 
 pordum aeanthium — s. Bifida, Ilydrorachis — 
 s. Cervinn, Pthamnus — s. Domestica, Rhamnus 
 ■ — s. Dorsi, Vertebral column, see Nasus — s. Dorsi 
 introrsum Flcxa, Lordosis — s. Ferrea, Pin — s. 
 Helmontii, Aig'nillon — s. Hirci, Astragalus verus 
 — s. Infecloria, Rhamnus — s. Nodosa, Rachitis — 
 s. Sphenoidalis, Sphenoidal spine. 
 
 Spina Vento'sA, Spinw ventos'itas, Tere'dot 
 
SPINACH 
 
 858 
 
 SPIR^ CEEEBRI 
 
 Ostarthroc'ace, Fimyus seu Tumor fnngo'sns ar- 
 tic'uli, Lu'pia jimctu'rm, Hyperspon'gia, Flatus 
 spiiicB, Arthroc'ace, Pcedarthroc'ace, Sidera'tio 
 Onsiss, Cancer seu Gangra'na Ossis, £j:osto'sis, 
 White /Swelling (of some). A term of no definite 
 meaning, as is olavious from tbese various words 
 having been considered its synonymes. By some, 
 it is defined to be — a disease of the osseous sys- 
 tem, in which the texture of the bone dilates, 
 seeming to be distended with air, and constitu- 
 ting a variety of osteo-sareoma. By others, it is 
 considered to be a tumour arising from an internal 
 caries of a bone ; occurring most frequently in the 
 carpus or tarsus. The term itself is a translation 
 from the Arabic of Rhazes. See, also, Hydrar- 
 thrus, and Mollities Ossium. 
 
 Spina Vertebralis, Vertebral column. 
 SPINACH, Spinacia. 
 SPINACHIA, Spinacia. 
 
 SPIN"A'CIA, Spina'chia, Spina'cia olera'cea, 
 Spin'age, Spinach, (F.) Epinard. Ord. Cheno- 
 podiacese. Sex. Syst. Dioecia Pentandria. A 
 plant which resembles the cabbage in its dietetic 
 powers. The leaves boiled, with the addition of 
 oil, form a good emollient cataplasm. It has 
 been used in phthisical complaints ; but its medi- 
 cinal properties, if it have any, are not now re- 
 garded. 
 
 Spinacia Oleracea, Spinacia. 
 SPIN^, Spinous processes — s. Ventositas, 
 Spina ventosa. 
 
 SPINAGE, Spinacia. 
 
 SPINAL, Spina'lis, Spino'sus, Spina'tiis, Ita- 
 chid'ian, (F.) Epiniere, Sachidien, from spina, 
 'the spine.' That which relates to the vertebral 
 column. 
 
 Spinal Auteries, ^ArtericB spinales, are two in 
 number, viz : 1. The posterior spinal, Artere me- 
 diane posterieure dv Rachis, (Ch.) It arises from 
 the vertebral, near the corpora pyramidalia, and 
 descends on the posterior surface of the spinal 
 marrow, distributing its ramifications to it. 2. 
 The anterior spinal artery, A. rnediane anterieure, 
 (Ch.,) is larger than the last, and arises, also, from 
 the vertebral. It descends, in a serpentine man- 
 ner, upon the anterior surface of the marrow ; 
 furnishes ramusculi to it, and unites with that of 
 the opposite side, opposite the foramen magnum 
 occipitis. A very tortuous branch arises from 
 this union, which descends as far as the inferior 
 extremity of the marrow, to which it sends nume- 
 rous divisions. 
 
 The term Sjnnal Arteries or RacMdian Arte- 
 ries is also given, in the abstract, to all the arte- 
 ries of the spinal marrow and vertebral canal. 
 The same may be said of the veins and nerves. 
 Spinal Cord, Medulla spinalis. 
 Spinal Foram'ina, (F.) Trous rachidiens, in 
 the abstract, are the foramina formed by every 
 two contiguous vertebrse, through which the spi- 
 nal nerves issue. See Vertebral. The term Fo- 
 ra'men Spina'le seu 8p)ino'sum is especially ap- 
 plied, however, to a small foramen, in front of the 
 spinous process of the sphenoid bone, through 
 which the middle artery of the dura mater enters 
 the cranium. It is, likewise, called Foramen 
 spheno-spino'sum, (F.) Trou Spheno-ejnneux ou 
 petit rond, Trou ejnneux. 
 
 Spinal G-anglion, see Encephalon. 
 Spinal Irrita'tion, Rhachialgi'tis, Rhachial'- 
 gia, Neural'gia spina'lis, Notal'gia. A modern 
 pathological view, which refers most nervous dis- 
 eases to irritation of the spinal cord. This irri- 
 tation is presumed to be indicated by tenderness 
 on pressure over the spinous process of one or 
 more vertebrae, or over the nerves proceeding 
 from the cord and distributed to the parts at the 
 Bides of the spine. Such tenderness, however, 
 
 by no means indicates the pathological condition 
 in question, as it is often met with in those en- 
 joying perfect health. The treatment advised is 
 cupping and counter-irritation on each side of 
 the spine, which may be beneficial in such dis- 
 eases, no matter what part of the frame may be 
 in a morbid state, by exciting a new and revel- 
 lent impression on a very sensible portion of the 
 cutaneous surface. 
 
 Spinal Nerve, Ac'cessory of the Par vagum or 
 itli pair, Accessory nerve of Willis, Spinal Acces- 
 sory, Supierior res'piratory iV, Eleventh pair of en- 
 cephalic nerves, (F.) Spino-cranio-trapezien, Tra- 
 ehelo-dorsal (Ch.), arises from the medulla spi- 
 nalis, within the vertebral canal, between the an- 
 terior and posterior roots of the cervical nerves, 
 at a greater or less distance from the cranium. 
 The roots unite to form the nerve, which ascends 
 into the cranium through the foramen magnum 
 of the occipital bone, and issues by the foramen 
 lacerum posterius, crossing the sterno-cleido-mas- 
 toideus, to which it gives filaments, and losing 
 itself entirely on the trapezius muscle. The pneu- 
 mogastric and spinal accessory nerves together — 
 nervus vagus cum accesso'rio — resemble the spinal 
 nerves; the former, with its ganglion, being the 
 posterior root; the latter, the anterior. 
 
 Spinal Nerves, Vertebral nerves — s. Prolon- 
 gation, Medulla spinalis. 
 
 Spinal System of Nerves, see Nerves. 
 
 SPINALES COLLI MINORBS, Interspinales 
 colli — s. et Transversales lumborum, Transver- 
 salis dorsi. 
 
 SPINALIS CBRVICIS, Semi-spinalis colli — 
 s. Colli, Semi-spinalis colli. 
 
 Spinalis Dorsi, Spinalis Dorsi major, (F.) 
 Grand epineux d}t dos. Winslow calls thus some 
 fleshy fasciculi, which are situate on the lateral sur- 
 faces of the spinous processes; from the third dorsal 
 vertebra to the first or second lumbar : and which 
 form part of the transverso-spinalis of most au- 
 thors. The same anatomist calls — Spina'lis Dorsi 
 minor. Petit epineux du dos — some small, lleshy 
 fibres, situate on each side of the interspinal liga- 
 ment. They are short, flat, and pass from one 
 spinous process to the other. Like the preceding, 
 they form part of the transverso-spinalis. All 
 these fleshy fasciculi strengthen the vertebral 
 column. 
 
 SPINATT, Interspinales colli. 
 
 SPINATUS, Spinal. 
 
 SPINDLE TREE, Euonymus Amerieanus. 
 
 SPINE, Vertebral column — s. Curvature of 
 the, Gibbositas — s. Htemal, Sternum — s. Neural, 
 Spinous process. 
 
 SPINGEL, Anethum. 
 
 SPINI-AXOIDO-OCCIPITALIS, Rectus ca- 
 pitis posticus major — s. Axo'ido-tracheli-atlo'idien, 
 Obliquus inferior capitis. 
 
 SPINITIS, Myelitis. 
 
 SPINNICK, Nanus. 
 
 SPINO-DORSITIS, Myelitis. 
 
 SPINOLA, see Hydrorachis. 
 
 SPINOSUS, Spinal. 
 
 SPINOUS, Spino'sus, (F.) Epineux, from 
 spina, 'a thorn.' Having the shape of a spine 
 or thorn. 
 
 Spinous Proo"esses or Apoph'yses of the 
 Ver'tebrcB, Acan'thcB, SpincB, Cynol'ophoi, Neural 
 Spines of Mr. Owen, (F.) Ajyophyses ^pineuses, 
 are situate at the posterior part of each vertebra, 
 and afford attachment to the muscles, whose oflBce 
 it is to extend the spine. See Vertebra. 
 
 SPINTHEROPIA, Confusio. 
 
 SPINULA, Pin. 
 
 SPIRAC'ULA, (F.) Spiracules, from spiro, T 
 breathe,' 'Breathing-holes.' Respiratory pores 
 of the skin. 
 
 SPIRiE CEREBRI, Convolutions, cerebral. 
 
SPIR^A DENUDx\.TA 
 
 859 
 
 SPIRIT 
 
 SPIRiEA DENUDATA, S. ulmaria. 
 
 Spir-e'a Filipen'dula, FiUpendnla, Saxif- 
 raga rubra, Dropwort, (F.) Filipendide. Ord. 
 Rosaceae. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Pentagynia. 
 The root of this plant is said to possess astringent 
 and lithontriptic virtues. 
 
 Spir^A Loba'ta, S. Palma'ta, Queen of the 
 Prairie, American Meadowsweet. An oil, resem- 
 bling oleum gaultheriae, is obtained from the roots 
 and stems. 
 
 Spir^A Opulifo'lia, Opidns-leaved Spircea, 
 Nine Baric, has similar properties. 
 
 Spir^a Palmata, S. lobata. 
 
 SpiRvEA Tomentosa, Hardhaek, Bed meadow- 
 stceet, Steeple bush, liosy bush, White leaf. The 
 root of this indigenous species, Spirce'a (Ph. 
 U. S.), which is abundant in the northern States 
 of the Union, is tonic and astringent; and is 
 usually administered either in the form of ex- 
 tract or decoction, {SpircecB ^ss; aqutB Oj.) 
 
 SpiRjEA Trifoliata, Gillenia trifoliata. 
 
 Spir^A Ulma'ria, ;S'. denuda'ta, Ulmaria, U. 
 palus'tris, Regi'na Prati, Barha capra, Bar'bula 
 capri'na, Ifeadow Sweet, Queen of the Jfeadows, 
 (F.) Ulmaire, Spiree vlmaire, Peine des Pres, 
 Vignette, Herbe aux Abeilles. The leaves have 
 been recommended as mild astringents and diu- 
 retics — the flowers as antispasmodics and dia- 
 phoretics. 
 
 SPIRAMENTA PULMONUM, see Pulmo. 
 
 SPIRAMENTUM ANIM^, Pulmo. 
 
 SPIRAMINA PALPEBRARUM, Lachrymal 
 puncta — s. Pulmonum, see Pulmo. 
 
 SPIRATIO, Respiration. 
 
 SPIREE ULMAIRE, Spiraa ulmaria. 
 
 SPIRIT, Spir'itus ; from spirare, 'to breathe, 
 to exhale ;' (F.) Esprit, Alcoolat. A name given 
 to every liquid product of distillation. Spirits 
 were formerly distinguished into- — inflammable, 
 acid, and alkaline; and consequently a number 
 of substances were crowded together, which often 
 resembled each other in no other property than 
 in being volatile. The term is now confined to 
 alcoholic liquors, of which the following are the 
 chief: 
 
 Arrack. Distilled from coarse palm sugar, 
 named jaggery, fermented with the bark of the 
 3Iiniosa leucophlea ; also from rice and the fer- 
 mented juice of the Palm; made in India. Its 
 varieties are : — 
 
 1. Mahioah Arrack. Made in India from the 
 flowers of the Madhuca tree, Bassia butyracea. 
 
 2. Tuba. Made from palm wine, in the Phi- 
 lippine Islands. 
 
 Araha. Distilled, by the Tartars, from kou- 
 mis, fermented mares' milk. 
 
 Araki. Distilled from dates, by the Egyptians. 
 
 Arika. A variety of koumis, distilled from fer- 
 mented mares' milk, in Tartary and Iceland. 
 
 Brandy. Distilled from wine, figs, peaches, per- 
 simmon, apple, mulberries, and sometimes other 
 fruits, in Europe, Asia, North and South Ame- 
 rica, wherever wine is made. The best brandy 
 is that of Cognac ; the next, that of Bordeaux 
 and Rochelle. The varieties are — 
 
 1. Aguardiente, (S.) In Peru, the common 
 brandy obtained from grapes is the Aguardiente 
 de Pisco, so called, because shipped at the port 
 of Pisco. Another kind, much dearer, and of 
 excellent flavour, is made from Muscatel grapes, 
 and is called Aguardiente de Italia. It is some- 
 times seen in the United States. 
 
 2. Lan. Made from rice, in Siam. 
 
 3. Rakia. Made in Dalmatia from the husks 
 of grapes mixed with aromatics. 
 
 4. Rossolio. Made at Dantzic, from a com- 
 pound of brandy, rossolis, and other plants. 
 
 5. Troater. Made on the Rhine, from the husks 
 of grapes, fermented with barley and rye. 
 
 6. Sekis-kayavodka. Made from the lees of 
 wine and fruit at Seio. 
 
 Geneva, Hollands, (genievre, French for juni- 
 per.) Distilled from malted barley and rye, rec- 
 tified on juniper berries, in Holland. Its variety 
 is — 
 
 Gin. Made in England, from malted barley, 
 rye, potatoes; rectified with turpentine. 
 
 Goldwasser. Distilled at Dantzic, from wheat, 
 barley, and rye, rectified with aniseed, cinnamon, 
 and other spices. 
 
 Kirschwasser. Distilled from the Malacheb 
 cherry, in Switzerland. 
 
 Maraschino. Distilled from the Macarska 
 cherry, at Zara, the capital of Dalmatia. 
 
 Rum, (supposed to be derived from the termi- 
 nal syllable of the word saccharum : but the abo- 
 riginal Americans call this liquor Rum.) Dis- 
 tilled, in the West Indies and South America, 
 from cane-sugar and molasses, and in North 
 America from maple-sugar. Its variety is — '■ 
 
 Slatkaia trava. Made in Kamtschatka, from 
 a sweet grass. 
 
 Show-choo. Distilled, in China, from the lees 
 of mandarin, a wine made from boiled rice. 
 
 Whisky, (supposed to be derived from vsqne, 
 the first two sylhibles of vsquebagh, the original 
 name in Ireland.) Distilled, in Scotland and Ire- 
 land, from malted and raw barley, rye, oats, and 
 potatoes; and in the south of France, from sloes. 
 In Ireland it was called buil-ceaun, or madness 
 of the head. The best Scotch whisky is Glenlivet, 
 the best Irish, Ennishoxcen. 
 
 Y-wer-a. Distilled, in the Sandwich Islands, 
 from the root of the Tee-root, baked, pounded, 
 and fermented. 
 
 To these may be added an intoxicating liquor 
 made by the AfFghnnistans, from ewes' milk; 
 and that made in Kamtschatka, from a species 
 of mushroom, named muchumer. 
 
 Spirit of Ammonia, Fetid, Spiritus ammonise 
 foetidus — s. of Ammonia, succinated, Spiritus am- 
 monia? succinatus — s. of Aniseed, Spiritus anisi. 
 
 Spirit, Bathing, Freeman's, see Linimentum 
 saponis compos. — s. Bathing, Jackson's, see Lini- 
 mentum saponis compos. — s. Bezoardic of Bus- 
 sius, see Bussii spiritus Bezoarticus — s. Bone, Li- 
 quor Tolatilis cornu cervi. 
 
 Spirit of Burrhits, Burrhi spiritus matricalis 
 — s. of Camphor, Spiritus Camphoree — s. of Carra- 
 way, Spiritus carui — s. of Colchicum, ammoni- 
 ated, Spiritus colchici ammoniatus — s. of Cin- 
 namon, Spiritus cinnamomi — s. of Ether, aro- 
 matic, Spiritus astheris aromaticus. 
 
 Spirit, Fuming, of Beguin, Ammoniie sulphure- 
 tum — s.Fuming, of Boyle, Ammoniaesulphuretum. 
 
 Spirit op Hartshorn, Liquor volatilis cornu 
 cervi — s. of Horseradish, compound, Spiritus 
 armoracias compositus — s. of Juniper, compound, 
 Spiritus juniperi compositus — s. of Lavender, 
 Spiritus lavandulae — s. of Lavander, compound, 
 Spiritus lavandulse compositus — s. of Mindererus, 
 Liquor ammonise acetatis — s. of Nitre, sweet, 
 Spiritus setheris nitrici — s. of Nitric ether, Spiri- 
 tus setheris nitrici — s. of Pennyroyal, Spiritus 
 pulegii — s. of Peppermint, Spiritus menthas pipe- 
 ritse — s. of Pimento, Spiritus pimentse. 
 
 Spirit, Proof, Spiritus tenuior — s. Pyroxylic, 
 Spiritus Pyroxylicus. 
 
 Spirit of Rosemart, Spiritus rosmarini — s. of 
 Salt, Muriaticum acidum — s. of Scurvygrass, 
 golden, see Spiritus armoraciae compositus — s. of 
 Spearmint, Spiritus menthse viridis — s. of Sul- 
 phuric ether, Spiritus setheris sulphurici — s. of Sul- 
 phuric ether, compound, Spiritus astheris sulphu- 
 rici compositus — s. of Turpentine, Oleum tere- 
 binthinae rectificatum. 
 
SPIRITS, ANIMAL 
 
 860 
 
 SPIRITUS 
 
 Spirit, Verdigris, Aeeticum acidum. 
 
 Spirit of Vitriol, Sulphuric acid — s. ofWine, 
 Spiritus rectiflcatus — s. of Wine and camphor, 
 Spiritus eamphorEe. 
 
 Spirit, Wood, Spiritus Pyroxylicus. 
 
 SPIRITS, ANIMAL, Nervous fluid. 
 
 SPIRITUOUS, Alcoholic. 
 
 SPIRITUS, Breath, Life, Respiration, Spirit 
 
 — s. jEthereus nitrosus, Spiritus aetheris nitrici 
 
 — s. iEthereus vitriolicus, Spiritus aetheris sul- 
 phurici. 
 
 Spir'itus iETHERis Aromat'icus, uEther Stil- 
 pha'ricus own alcoho'le aromat' icns, Elix'ir vi- 
 tn'o'li dulce, Sweet Elix'ir of Vit'riol, Viga'ni's 
 Elixir of Vitriol, Aromat'ic Spirit of Ether. 
 (Gii)nam. cort. contus. ^i'j) cardam. sem. contus. 
 ^iss, piperis longi fruet. cont., zingib. rad: con- 
 cis., sing, ^j, spiritus cBtheris sulphuric. Oj. Ma- 
 cerate, for 14 days, in a stopped glass vessel and 
 strain. Ph. L.) It is used as a stimulant in 
 nervous affections. Dose, f^^ss to f ^j- 
 
 SpiRiTns jEtheris Compositds, Spiritus Athe- 
 ns sulphurici compositus — s. jSiltheris hydro- 
 chlorici, Spiritus j33theris muriatici. 
 
 Spiritus JBtheris Muriati'ci, Sp. JE. Bydro- 
 chlu'rici, Sp. Muriat'iciis cBthe'reus, Sp. Salis dal- 
 cis, jEther iluriat'icus alcohol'icus, Spirit of hy- 
 drochloric or muriatic ether. Dulcified marine 
 acid. An old preparation, made by adding one 
 part of muriatic acid to three parts of rectified 
 spirit, and distilling. Its action is like that of the 
 spiritus tetheris nitrici. 
 
 Spiritus -ZEtiieris Ni'trici, Sp. JEtheris ni- 
 tro'si sen nitri dalcis seu ^Ethe'reus nitro'sus, 
 ^ther nitricus alcoolisa'tus, A"cidum Nitri dulci- 
 fica'lwn, Sweet Sjnrit of Nitre, Nitre drops, Spirit 
 of Nitric Ether, (P.) Ether azoleux alcooiise. Li- 
 queur anodine nitreuse. {Nitrate of Potassa, in 
 coarse powder, tbij, Sulphuric acid, tbiss ; Alco- 
 hol, Oixss; Diluted Alcohol, Oj ; Carbonate of Po- 
 tassa, ^j. Mix the nitrate of potassa and the 
 alcohol in a large glass retort, and having gradu- 
 ally poured in the acid, digest with a gentle heat 
 for two hours; then raise the heat, and distil a 
 gallon. To the distilled liquor add the diluted 
 alcohol and carbonate of potassa, and again distil 
 a gallon. — Ph. U. S.) It is refrigerant, diuretic, 
 antispasmodic, and diaphoretic. Dose, gtt. xxv 
 to f^}. Specific gravity, 0-834. 
 
 Spiritus MTUBms Oleosus, Spiritus .^theris 
 sulphurici compositus, Oleum aethereum. 
 
 Spiritus JStheeis Sulphu'rici, jEther Sul- 
 phuricus cum Alcoho'le, Liquor yEthe'reus Sul- 
 pihuricus, Spiritus Vitrioli dulcis, S. uEtheris 
 vitriol'ici. Liquor Sulpthuricus alcoolisa'tus. Spirit 
 of Sul23hiiric Ether. [JSther. sulphuric. Oss; 
 sp. red. Oj. Mix. Ph. L.) Stimulant, diapho- 
 retic, diuretic, and antispasmodic. Dose, f,^ss 
 to f 3iij. 
 
 Spiritus JjItheris Sulphurici Compos'itus, 
 (Ph. U. S. 1842), jS". (Btheris vitriol'ici composi- 
 tus seu jE'theris compositus (Ph. U. S. 1851) seu 
 Spiritus CBthe'reus oleo'sus. Liquor o.n.od'ynns seu 
 anndynus minera'lis Hoffmanni, Compound Spirit 
 of Sulphuric Ether, Hoffmann's Anodyne Liquor, 
 (P.) Ether hydrique alcooiise, Ether sulfurique 
 alcooiise, Esprit d' Ether sulfurique. Liqueur ano- 
 dine d' Hoffman. (JEther Sillphuric. Oss ; Alcohol, 
 Oj ; 01. ^ther. f^iij. Ph. U. S. Ph. L.) Mix. 
 A stimulant and antispasmodic. Specific gravity, 
 0-816. ^ B _ ^' 
 
 Spiritus Btheris Vitriolici Compositus, 
 Spiritus astheris sulphuric, comp. 
 
 Spiritus Ammo'ni^, Al'kali ammoni'acum 
 spirituo'smn, Al'eohol ammonia'tum, Sp. salis am- 
 moni'aci, Sp. salis ammoni'aci vino'sus seu dulcis 
 seu duleifiea'tus, Ammoni'aca alcoholisa'ta, Li- 
 guor ammo'nii vino'sus, L. ammonia: spirituo'sus, 
 
 Lixiv'ium ainmoniaca'le vino'sum, Solu'tio sub- 
 carbona'tis ammoni'aci spirituo'sa, (F.) Esprit 
 d'ammoniaque. {Amnion, muriat. in pulv. sub- 
 tilissim., calcis, aa Ibj ; alcohol, f^xx ; aqum, 
 f^^ix. The water is employed to slake the lime; 
 the muriate of ammonia is then well mixed with 
 it, and by means of heat, the ammonia is made to 
 pass into the distilled water contained in a quart 
 bottle. Ph. U. S.) Stimulant and antispas- 
 modic. Dose, f gss to f 5J. 
 
 Spiritus Ammonite Aromat'icus, Alcohol am- 
 monia'tum aromaticum, Spiritus salis volat'ilis 
 oleo'sus seu volatilis aromaticus seu ammonia com- 
 pos'itus, Sal volatile oleosum Sylvii, Tinctu'ra 
 aromatica ammoniata, Liquor oleo'sus Sylvii, Lix- 
 iv'ium. ammoniaca'le aromaticum. Aromatic ammo- 
 nia'ted Alcohol, Sal volat'ile Drops. [Amnion, 
 muriat. ^v; Potass, carb. ^viij ; cinnam. cont., 
 caryophyll. cont. aa 3'j > Limon. cort. ,^iv; alco- 
 hol., aquae aa, Ov. M. Distil Ovijss. Stimulant. 
 Dose, f 3ss to f^j. 
 
 Spiritus Ammonia Compositus, Spiritus aro- 
 maticus. 
 
 Spiritus Ammonia Fce'tidus, Sp. volat'ilis 
 foetidus, Al'eohol ammonia'tum foetid urn, Tinctu'- 
 ra asafoetidcB ammoniata. Fetid Spirit of Ammo- 
 iria. Fit Drops. {Amnion, muriat. gx, Potass, carb. 
 ^xvj, Sp. rectificnt., AqucB aa Oiij, (Imp. meas.) 
 Assafoetid. ^v, Distil. Oiij, (Imp. meas.) Mace- 
 rate for 12 hours, and distil Oiss. Ph. L.) Stimu- 
 lant and antispasmodic. Dose, f^ss. to f 3J- 
 
 Spir[tus Ammonite Succina'tus, Sp. Ammo- 
 nicB cum Snc'cino, Sp. Salis Ammoni'aci lactes'- 
 cens seu lacteus, Tinctu'ra ammo' nice composita^ 
 Ammoni' acum succina'tum. Aqua Lu'ciw, Liquor 
 ex Ammonia et Oleo Suc'cini, L. ex'citans, Succi- 
 nated Spirit of Ammonia, Common Eau de Lucet 
 {JIastich. I^iij, sp. red. f^is, ol. Lavand. gtt. xiv, 
 ol. succin. gtt. iv, liq. ammon. f^s. Macerate 
 thS mastich in the alcohol, and pour off the clear 
 tincture: add the rest and shake. Ph. L.) Stimu- 
 lant and antispasmodic. Dose, gtt. x to f !^ss, or 
 
 Spiritus Animales, see Nervous fluid. 
 
 Spiritus Ani'si, jS^. Anisi compos'itus, Aqua 
 anisi for'tis, A. Sem'inum Anisi composita, Spirit 
 of An' iseed, {¥.) Esprit d'anis. {Anisi sem. cont. 
 Ibss, sjnrit tenuior. cong., aqum quod satis sit ad 
 prohibendum empyreunia. Ph. L.) Carmina- 
 tive. Dose, f^ss to f^ss. In the compound 
 spirit, angelica is usually an ingredient. 
 
 Spiritus Anthos, Spiritus rosmarini. 
 
 Spiritus Armora'ci^ Compos'itus, Sp. Raph'- 
 ani compositus, Aqua Jiaphani composita. Com- 
 pound Spirit of Horseradish, (P.) Esprit de rai- 
 fort composS. {Armorac. rad. recent, concls., 
 a^tirant. cort. exsicc, sing. Ibj, myrist. nuc. contus. 
 ^ss, spirit, ten. cong., aquae q. s. ad prohibendum 
 empyreuma. Ph. L.) Simulant and antiscor- 
 butic. [?] Dose, f^j to f ^iv. 
 
 The Golden Spirit of Scurvy grass — an em- 
 pirical preparation — is formed by adding gam- 
 boge ^viij, to one gallon of the spi. armoraciae 
 compositus. 
 
 Greenough's Tincture for the teeth is formed of 
 amygd. amnr. ^ij, lig. Bresil., cassias bacc, aa 
 ^iv, irid. Florent. ^\j. coccinell., sal. acetoselloB, 
 alum, aa ^}, sp. vin. red. Oij, sp. armoraeim comp. 
 fgss. 
 
 Spiritus Beguinis, Ammonia sulphuretum — 
 s. Bellidis, see Osmitopsis asteriscoides. 
 
 Spiritus Camph'or^, Sp. Camphora'tus seu 
 vino'sus camphoratus, Tinctu'ra CamphorcB (Ph. 
 U. S.), Spirit of Wine and Camphor, Spirit of 
 Camphor, (F.) Esprit de Gamphre, Alcool camphre, 
 Eau de Vie camphree. {Camphor, ^iv, alcohol. 
 Oij. Dissolve.) Stimulant, anodyne and discu- 
 tient. Used only externally. 
 
SPIRITUS 
 
 861 
 
 SPIRITUS 
 
 SpIKITUS Car'ui, S]:)- Cari Cam!, Aqua Sem'- 
 inum Garni fortis seu Sem'imim Carui, Spirit of 
 Car'raway, Strong Carui Waters, (F.) Esprit de 
 Carvi. {Carui sent. cont. tbiss, Sp. temiior. cong., 
 (iqucB q. s. Distil a ffallon. Ph. L.) Carmina- 
 tive. Dose, fgj to f^ss. 
 
 Spikitus Cinnamo'mi, Sp. Lauri Cinnamomi, 
 Aqua Cinnamomi fortis seu Cinnam. sjnrituo'sa, 
 Spirit of Cin'namon, Strong Cinnamon Wa- 
 ter, (F.) Esprit de Cannelle. (Corf, cinnnm. "^v, 
 sp. rect. Oivss.) Stimulant and carminative. 
 Dose, f 3J to f^ss. 
 
 Spiritus Col'chici Ammonia'tus, Tinctu'ra 
 Colchici Compos'ita, Ammoniated Spirit of Col- 
 chicutn, Cotiipound Tincture of Colehicum. (Sent, 
 colchic. cont. ,^ij, sp. amnion, aromat. Oj. Ph. L.) 
 Narcotic, cathartic, and diuretic. Used in gout, 
 rheumatism, and dropsy. Dose, from gtt. xxx 
 to f3J. 
 
 Spiritus Cornu Cervi, Liquor volatilis C.C. — 
 s. Fortior, see Alcohol — s. Fumans Beguini, Am- 
 monise sulphuretum — s. Genitalis, Aura seminis 
 — s. Jamaicensis, Rum. 
 
 Spiritus Junip'eri Compos'itus, AquaJunip'- 
 eri composita. Compound Spirit of Junii)er, (F.) 
 Esjirit de genievre conip>ose. (01. junip. 3 is, 01. 
 carui, 01. fenicul., aa ^x > Alcohol dilut. cong. 
 Solve. Ph. U. S.) Stimulant and diuretic. Dose, 
 f^j to fgss. 
 
 Spiritus Lauri Cinnajioiii, Spiritus cinna- 
 momi. 
 
 Spiritus Latan'dul^, Sp. Lavandnlm spiccp 
 seu Lavand. simplex, Lavender Water, (F.) Espi-it 
 de Lavande. {Lavand. recent. Ibij. Alcohol. 
 cong., aqua Oij. Distil a gallon. Ph. LT. S.) 
 Usually made by adding the oil to rectified spirit. 
 Used as a perfume chiefly. 
 
 Spiritus Lavandula CoArpos'iTUS, Tinctu'ra 
 LavandidcB composita, Ped Hartshorn, Lavender 
 drops. Compound Spirit of Lavender, (F.) Esprit 
 de Lavande compose. {S]). Lavand. Oiij., sp. ros- 
 marin. Oj, cinnam. eontus. ,^j, myristic. cont. ,^ss, 
 varyophyll. cont. _^ij, snntali concis. ^'U- Mace- 
 rate for 14 days, and filter through paper. Ph. 
 U. S.) Stimulant. Dose, gtt. xl to fgij. 
 
 Spiritus Lethalis, Carbonic acid — s. Lum- 
 bricorum. Liquor volatilis cornu cervi. 
 
 Spiritus Me.ntHjE Piperi't^, Sp. Menthm pi- 
 perit'idis. Aqua Mentha: piperit'idis spirituo' sa. 
 Spirit of Peppermint, (F.) Esprit de Menthe 
 jjoivree. {Olei. menth. pip. ^vjss. sp. rectif. 
 Oivss, aqucB, q. s. Distil a gallon. Ph. L.) Car- 
 minative and stimulant. Dose, f^ss to f^i'j- 
 
 Spiritus Mentha Sativ^, Spiritus menthao 
 viridis. 
 
 Spiritus Menthje Vir'idis, Spii-itus menthm 
 snti'vcB, Aqua MenthcB vulga'ris spiriiuo'sa. Spirit 
 of Spearmint, (F.) Esprit de ITenthe vert. {Olei 
 Menth. virid. Qviss, Sjo. rectif. Oivss, aq. q. s. 
 Distil a gallon. Ph. L.) Like the last in pro- 
 perties and dose. 
 
 Spiritus Millepedarum, Liquor eornu cervi 
 — s. Muriaticus eethereus, Spiritus JStheris muri- 
 atici. 
 
 Spiritus Myris'tic^, Sp. Myristiccs Moscha'- 
 tcB seu Niicis MoschatcB, Aqua Nucis 3/oschatcB seu 
 Nephrit'ica, Nutmeg Water, (F.) Enprit de 3Ius- 
 cade. (Myrist. cont. gij, Alcohol, dil. cong., 
 aqucB Oj. Distil a gallon.) Cordial and carmi- 
 nntive. Dose, f^j to f^iv. 
 
 Spiritus Myrti Piment^e, Spiritus pimentEe 
 — s. Nitri aoidus, Nitric acid — s. Nitri dulcis, 
 Spiritus setberis nitrici — s. Nitri duplex, Nitric 
 acid — s. Nitri fumans, Nitric acid — s. Nitri 
 Glauberi, Nitric acid — s. Nitri simplex, .=ee Ni- 
 tric acid — s. Nitri vulgaris, see Nitric acid — s. 
 Nucis moschatae, Spiritus myristicas — s. Ophthal- 
 micus Mindereri, Liquor ammonise aeetatis. 
 
 Spiritus PniEN'TyE, Sp. IFyrti Pimentm seu 
 Pimento, Aqua Mirah'ilis, Spirit of Pimento. 
 {01. Piment. f. gij, Alcohol, dilut. cong. Solve. 
 Ph. U. S.) Cordial and carminative. Dose, f^j 
 to f 3'v. 
 
 Spiritus Pule'gii, Aqua Pulerjii spjirituo'sn, 
 SpArit of Pennyroyal, Spirituous Pennyroyal Wa- 
 ter, (F.J Esprit de Pouliot. (Olei pidegii Qvij, 
 sp. rect. Oivss, aquce, q. s. Distil a gallon. Ph. 
 L.) Same as spirit of spearmint in properties 
 and dose. 
 
 Spiritus Pyro-aceticus, Acetone. 
 
 Spiritus Pyroxyl'icus, Pyroxyl'ic spirit, 
 Wood spirit. Wood alcohol, Pyroxylic alcoh(d, 
 Melhylic alcohol, Hy'drated oxide of methyle, Bi- 
 hydrate of lleth'ylene, (F.) Esprit 2jyroaylique, 
 Esprit de hois. This substance is by some sup- 
 posed to have been the article given in phthisis, 
 by Dr. Hastings, under the names Naphtha and 
 'Wood Naphtha. It was probably, however, the 
 Pyro-acetic spirit. See Acetone. When wood 
 is subjected to destructive distillation, about one 
 per cent, of an inflammable volatile liquid, along 
 with other products, passes over, which, when se- 
 parated and purified, constitutes pyroxylic spirit. 
 It is given in the same cases and doses as Ace- 
 tone. 
 
 Spiritus Rectipica'tus, Sp. Vini rectificattis 
 seu vino'sus recfificc(tus, CEnostag'ma, CEnelm'- 
 um, Pyrce'nns, Al'cohol, A. Yini, Spirit of Wine, 
 (F.) Esprit de Yin rectifie. Rectified spirit is 
 much used in Pharmacy to dissolve resinous and 
 other substances. It is seldom exhibited inter- 
 nally ; although it exists in the diluted state in 
 all vinous and spirituous liquors. Externallj', it 
 is emplo3'ed as a discutient. — S. g., according to 
 the London Pharmacopoeia, 0-838; according to 
 that of Dublin, 0-840; of Edinburgh and United 
 States, 0-835, (see Alcohol,) and of Paris, 0-819 
 to 0-S27. 
 
 Spiritus Rector, Aroma — s. Raphani compo- 
 situs, Spiritus armoracise compositus— s. Rorife- 
 rus, Gaz sanguinis. 
 
 Spiritus Rosmari'ni, Sp. Rosmarini officina'- 
 lis, Sp. Anthos, Spirit of Rosemary, Hungary 
 Water, (F.) Esprit de Romarin. (01. rosmarini 
 f^iv, Alcohol, cong. Solve. Ph. U. S.) Stimu- 
 lant. Dose, f^j to i^iy. 
 
 Spiritus Sa'lis Acidus seu Fumans, Muriati- 
 eum acidum — s. Salisammoniaci, Spiritus am- 
 moniac — s. Salis ammoniaci aquosus, Liquor am- 
 moniaB — s. Salis ammoniaci lactescens seu lac- 
 teus, Spiritus ammonise succinatus — s. Salis am- 
 moniaci sulphuratus, Ammonias sulphuretum — 
 s. Salis dulcis, Spiritus ffitheris muriatici — s. Salis 
 Glauberi, Muriaticum acidum — s. Salis marini, 
 Muriaticum acidum — s. Salis marini coagulatus, 
 Potassaj murias — s. Salis volatilis oleosus, Spiritus 
 ammonise aromatious — s. Sulphurico-ajthereu.s 
 caraphoratus, Tinctura ietherea composita — s. 
 Sulphurico-aethereus martialis, Tinctura seu Al- 
 cohol sulphurieo-sethereus ferri — s. Sulphuris, 
 Sulphurous acid — s. Sulphuris per campanam. 
 Sulphurous acid — s. Sulphuris volatilis. Ammo- 
 nia; sulphuretum — s. Sulphurosus volatilis. Sul- 
 phurous acid. 
 
 Spiritus Tenu'ior, Alcohol dilu'tum, Spiritus 
 vino'sus tenu'ior. Proof Spirit, (F.) Esprit de vin 
 delaye. Generally made for pharmaceutical pur- 
 poses, by mixing equal parts of rectified .spirit 
 and water. S. g. Lond. 0-920: Edinb. and Uni- 
 ted States, 0-935. It is employed in the same 
 cases as those in which the alcohol is used : — 
 chiefly, as a solvent of vegetable matters, in the 
 form of tinctures. 
 
 Spiritus Veneris, Aeeticum acidum — s. Vini 
 Gallici, Brandy — s. Vini rectifieatus, Spiritus rec- 
 tificatus — s. Vinosus camphoratus, Spiritus cam- 
 phors — s. Vinosus tenuior, Spiritus tenuior — s. 
 
SPIROID CANAL 
 
 862 
 
 SPLENECTOPIA 
 
 Vitalis, Nervous fluid — s. Vitrioli, Sulphuric 
 acid — s. Vitrioli acidus Vogleri, Sulphuricum 
 acidum dilutum — s. Vitrioli coagulatus Myn- 
 sichti, Potassse sulphas — s. Vitrioli dulcis, Spi- 
 ritus setberis sulphurtci — s. Vitrioli phlogisticatus, 
 Sulphurous acid — s. Volatilis aromaticus, Spiritus 
 ammonia) aromaticus — s. Volatilis foetidus, Spi- 
 ritus ammonite foetidus. 
 
 SPIROID CANAL, Aqugeduetus Fallopii. 
 
 SPIROM'ETER; a hybrid term, from spiro, 
 'I breathe,' and ixerpov, 'a measure : — properly 
 Anapnom' eter, Pneiisom'eter, Pneumom' eter, Pneu- 
 matom'eter, Pidmom'eter, Pneumonom' eter. Any 
 instrument for measuring the quantity of air 
 concerned in respiration, and, consequently, the 
 capacity of the lungs. This mode of measure- 
 ment has been called Spirom'efi-y, as it was 
 formerly called Pulmom'etry. The term spiro- 
 meter is now usually applied to a kind of gaso- 
 meter introduced by Dr. Hutchinson to estimate 
 the quantity of air contained in, or, rather, ex- 
 pelled from the lungs under different circum- 
 
 SPIROPTERA nOMINIS, see "Worms. 
 
 SPISSANTIA, Incrassantia. 
 
 SPIT, Sputum. 
 
 SPITAL, Hospital. 
 
 Spit'al, Mineral Waters of. The village of 
 Spital is situate on the south side of the Tweed, 
 near Tweedmouth. The springs there contain 
 chloride of calcium, sulphate of soda, sulphate 
 and carbonate of lime. They act as saline 
 cathartics. 
 
 SPITH'AMA, uiri^aixr), Doclrans. A measure 
 of twelve fingers' breadth, or about nine inches. 
 
 SPITTING, Exspuition. 
 
 SPITTLE, Saliva— s. Sweet, see Salivation. 
 
 SPLANCHNA, Entrails. 
 
 SPLANCHNECTOP'IA, Splanchnodias'tnsis, 
 Situs pervei-'sas seu anom'alus intestino'rum ; from 
 (jfr^ay^vov, 'an intestine,' ex, 'out of,' and ronog, 
 'place.' Misplacement or ectopia of the intes- 
 tines. 
 
 SPLANCHNELMINTHA, Worms, 
 
 SPLANCHNEURYS'MA, from aTrXayx^ov, 'an 
 intestine,' and cvpvvM, 'I dilate.' Morbid dilata- 
 tion of the intestines. 
 
 SPLANCHNIC, Splanch'mcus, Vh'ceral, (F.) 
 Splanchniqne, from (nrXay^^vov, 'a viscus.' Re- 
 lating or belonging to the viscera. 
 
 Splanchnic Cav'ities are the three great ca- 
 vities of the body; — those of the cranium, chest, 
 and abdomen. 
 
 Splanchnic Nerves belong to the great sym- 
 pathetic, and are two in number on each side. 
 They are distinguished into: — 1. The great 
 splanchnic nerve, (P.) Grand surrenal (Ch.), 
 Its roots — four or five in number— come from the 
 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and sometimes the 10th, tho- 
 racic ganglia. They descend inwards, on the 
 sides of the vertebral column, beneath the pleura, 
 and unite into a single trunk, which enters the 
 abdomen through a separation of the fleshy fibres 
 of the pillars of the diaphragm; passes behind 
 the stomach, and divides into several branches, 
 which pass into the semilunar ganglion. 2. The 
 lesser splanchnic nerve, Renal nerve, (P.) Splanch- 
 niqne accessoire of Walther, Petit surrenal, (Ch.,) 
 is composed of two distinct branches, proceeding 
 from the 10th and 11th thoracic ganglia, which 
 unite on the 12th dorsal vertebra into a cord, that 
 pierces the diaphragm singly; enters the abdo- 
 men, and divides into two branches, one of which 
 anastomoses with the greater splanchnic nerve, 
 whilst the other sends its filaments to the renal 
 and solar plexuses. 
 
 Splanch'nica. Medicines adapted to diseases 
 of the bowels. Also, the 2d order of the class 
 
 Cce/jV/rcf of Good ; defined, — diseases affecting the 
 collatitious viscera, and characterized by disquiet 
 or diseased action in the organs auxiliary to the 
 digestive process, without primary inflammation. 
 
 SPLANCHNODIASTASIS, Splanchnectopia. 
 
 SPLANCHNOD'YNE, from cTrXayxvov, 'a vis- 
 cus,' and o&vvri, ' pain.' Pain in the bowels. 
 
 SPLANCHNOGRAPHIA, Splanohnography. 
 
 SPLANCHNOG'RAPHT, Splanchnogra'jMa, 
 from <sn\ayxi'ov, ' a viscus,' and ypa(pri, 'a descrip- 
 tion.' The part of anatomy which treats of the 
 viscera. 
 
 SPLANCHNOLITHI'ASIS; from anXayxvpv, 
 'a viscus,' and \i.6og, 'a stone.' The formation 
 of a calculous concretion in any viscus. 
 
 SPLANCHNOL'OGY, Splanchnolog"ia, from 
 anXayx'>'or, 'a viscus,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' A 
 treatise on the viscera: — also, Splanohnography. 
 
 SPLANCHNOPATHI'A, from u^\ayxvov, 'a 
 viscus, and ttuSoj, ' suflFering.' A disease of the 
 intestines. 
 
 SPLANCHNOSCLERO'SIS, from t!Tt\ayxvov, 
 'a viscus,' and aKXnpos, 'hard.' Induration of a 
 viscus. 
 
 SPLANCHNOT'OMY, Splanchnotom'ia, 
 Splanchnot'ome, from c7;rXay^voi/, ' a viscus,' and 
 reijvw, 'I cut.' Dissection or anatomy of the 
 viscera. 
 
 SPLAT-FOOT, see Kyllosis. 
 
 SPLAYFOOT, see Kyllosis. 
 
 SPLEEN, aTtXrjv, Lien, Hepar sinis'truni seu 
 adulteri'num, Fomes ventric'idi, 3Iilt, (Sc.) 3Ielt, 
 (F.) Rate. A soft, spongy, parenchymatous 
 organ ; of a more or less deep violet red, situate 
 deepl}' in the left hypochondrium, below the dia- 
 phragm, above the colon, between the great 
 tuberosity of the stomach and the cartilages of 
 the false ribs, and above and anterior to the kid- 
 ney. Its ordinary length is 4J inches ; its thick- 
 ness 2J; and its weight 8 ounces. Its parenchyma, 
 which is bathed in blood, contains a multitude of 
 grayish, soft, and semi-transparent granulations 
 — splenic corpuscles or Ifalpighiatt bodies of the 
 spleen. It is covered bj' a serous membrane, 
 furnished by the peritoneum ; and by a proper 
 coat, of a fibrous nature, which is intimately united 
 with it, and transmits into its interior delicate, 
 solid, and very elastic prolongations — traheculcB, 
 At its inner edge is a fissure, Hilus seu Porta 
 lie'nis, by which the vessels and nerves enter the 
 organ. The functions of the spleen are unknown. 
 The best opinion is, that it appertains to haema- 
 tosis, and acts as a diverticulum to the vascular 
 system. 
 
 Spleen, Hypochondriasis — s. Malpighian bo- 
 dies of the, see Spleen — s. Supernumerary, 
 Lienculus. 
 
 SPLEENWORT, Asplenium, A. filix foemina, 
 Asplenium scolopendrium — s. Bush, Comptonia 
 asplenifolia. 
 
 SPLEN, Spleen. 
 
 SPLENAL'GIA, Neural'gia lie'nis, Sple'nica, 
 Splenodi/n'ia, from splen, and a\yo;, ' pain.' Pain 
 in the spleen. 
 
 Splenalgia Bengalensis, see Cachexia, sple- 
 nic — s. Phlegmonodea, Splenitis — s. Subinflam- 
 matoria chronica, Splenoncus. 
 
 SPLENATROPH'IA, Atroph'ia Lie'nis, from 
 splen, and atrophia, 'atrophy.' Wasting or 
 atrophy of the spleen. 
 
 SPLENAUXE, Splenoncus. 
 
 SPLENECTAMA, Splcnoparectama. 
 
 SPLENECTASIS, Splcnoparectama. 
 
 SPLENECTOM'IA, Splenec'tome, from splen, 
 CK, ' out of,' and reiivoi, ' I cut.' Extirpation of 
 the spleen. 
 
 SPLENECTOP'IA, Disloca'tio seu Ectop'ia 
 lie'nis seu splenis, Anomosplenotopie — Piorry ; 
 from splen, and cktotto;, {tK, and totto;,) 'out of 
 
SPLENEMPHRAXIS 
 
 863 
 
 SPOXDLES 
 
 place.' Dislocation of the spleen. Not a common 
 occurrence. 
 
 SPLENEMPHRAX'IS, Splenophrax'ia, from 
 eplen, and tuippaaau, 'I obstruct.' Obstruction 
 of the spleen.— Vogel. See Splenoncus. 
 SPLENES, Hypochondriasis. 
 SPLENET'ICUS, Sple'nicus, S]}lenit'ici(s, Lie- 
 no'sus, (F.) Rateleux. That which relates to the 
 spleen : one labouring under diseased spleen. A 
 medicine adapted for diseases of the spleen. 
 
 SPLENIC, Spile'nicus, Sple'nius, (F.) SpU- 
 nique, from splen. That which relates to the 
 spleen. 
 
 Splenic Artery. It arises from the cceliac ; 
 and passes from right to left, forming many 
 windings along the upper edge of the pancreas, 
 which lodges it in a special groove. It reaches 
 the fissure of the spleen, and divides into several 
 branches that enter the organ. In its course it 
 furnishes the pancreatic, left gastro-epiploic, and 
 the vasa hrevia. 
 
 Splenic Cachexia, see Cachexia splenica — s. 
 Corpuscles, see Spleen. 
 
 Splenic Plexus is a nervous network, which 
 proceeds from the coeliac plexus, and accompa- 
 nies the splenic artery, sending secondary plex- 
 uses to each division. 
 
 Splenic Vein, Vena sple'nica, V. liena'Us, 
 arises from the spleen, and accompanies the sple- 
 Bic artery; proceeding from left to right, to unite 
 with the superior mesenteric vein, and to form, 
 with it, the abdominal vena porta. In its course, 
 it receives veins corresponding to the vasa brevia, 
 the right and left gastro-epiploic, the duodenal, 
 pancreatic, coronaria yentriculi, and inferior me- 
 senteric veins. 
 
 SPLENICA, Splenalgia. Also, medicines which 
 affect the spleen. — Pereira. 
 
 SPLEXICUS, Spleneticus, Splenic. 
 SPLEXIOLA, Compress. 
 SPLEXIS TUMOR, Ague cake. 
 SPLENISATIOX, Splenization. 
 SPLEXISCUS, Compress. 
 SPLENITICUS, Splenic. 
 
 SPLEXI'TIS, from uplen, and itia, denoting 
 inflammation. Inflammation of the spleen. Em- 
 jyres'ma splenitis, Inflamma'tio lie'nis, I. splenis, 
 Splenal' gia phlegmono'dea, Lieni'tis, (F.) Sple- 
 nite, Inflammation de la Rate. A rare disease, 
 characterized by local pain, swelling, and heat, 
 which sometimes terminates by suppuration. It 
 generally affects the capsule — Epispleni'tis, Peri- 
 spleni'tis — and must be treated like other inflam- 
 mations. 
 
 SPLEXIUM, Compress — s. Corporis Callosi, 
 see Corpus callosum — s. Cruciatum, Croix de 
 Jfalte. 
 
 SPLE'XIUS, S. Cap'itia seu Colli, (P.) Cervieo- 
 dorxo-masto'idien et dorso-tracJielien, Gervico-mas- 
 to'idien (Ch.), Posterior mastoid muscle. So called 
 from its resemblance to the spleen of certain ani- 
 mals. A muscle situate at the posterior part of 
 the neck, and upper part of the back. It is much 
 broader above than below, where it terminates in 
 a point. It is attached, by its inner edge, to the 
 spinous processes of the first five dorsal vertebree ; 
 to that of the 7th cervical, and to the inferior part 
 of the posterior cervical ligament. By its upper 
 extremity, it is attached to the transverse pro- 
 cesses of the first two cervical vertebrae, to the 
 mastoid process, and to the posterior surface of 
 the occipital bone. Some have considered this 
 muscle to be formed of two portions, which they 
 have called Sjilenius colli, and Spleniits cap'itis. 
 The splenius extends the head, inclines it, and 
 rotates it. If the splenii of each side act together, 
 they extend the head. 
 
 SPLEXIZA'TION. Splenizatio, Splenifica'tion, 
 Splenifica'tio, (F.) Splenisation, from splen. A 
 
 term applied to the state of the lung in the first or 
 second stage of pneumonia, in which its tissue re- 
 sembles that of the spleen. 
 
 SPLEXOCE'LE, Her'nia liena'Us, from splen, 
 and Kri\r), 'a tumour.' Hernia formed by the 
 spleen. 
 
 SPLEXODTXIA, Splenalgia. 
 SPLEXOG'RAPHY, Splenograph'ia, from 
 splen, and ypaipri, 'a description.' A description 
 of the spleen. 
 
 SPLEXOH^'MIA, (F.) SpUnohemie, from 
 spZe«, and 'ai^a, 'blood.' Congestion or hyper- 
 semia of the spleen, a common phenomenon in 
 many diseases, especially in typhoid and inter- 
 mittent fevers. 
 
 SPLEXOID, Spleno'i'des, Spleno' des, from 
 splen, and ti^oj, 'resemblance.' Spleen-like. 
 Having the appearance of the spleen. 
 
 SPLEXOL'OGY, Splenolog"ia, from splen, 
 
 and \oyoi, ' a discourse.' A treatise on the spleen. 
 
 SPLENOMALA'CIA, Lienornala' cia, from 
 
 splen, and /laXaKos, ' soft.' Morbid softening of 
 
 the spleen. 
 
 SPLENONCIE, Splenoncus. 
 ^VLE^OWCJj^jBIegnlosple'nia.BypertropTi'ia 
 seu Sxiperniitrit"io sp)lenis seu lie'nis, Intumescen'- 
 tia seu Infarc'tus seu PJiysco'rtia lienis, SplenaV- 
 gia snhinflammato' ria cliron'ica, Sjolenemjyhrax'is, 
 Splenaux'e, J]7/persple7iotroph'ia, Lien ingens, 
 (P.) Splenoneie, HypertropMe de la Rote; from 
 splen, and oyxog, 'a tumour.' Tumefaction of the 
 spleen. See Ague cake. 
 
 SPLEXOPAREC'TAMA, Splevec'tama, Sple- 
 noparec' tasis, Splenec' tasis, from splen, and 
 napeKTa/i-a, 'excessive volume.' Excessive en- 
 largement of the spleen. — Ploucquet. 
 
 SPLEXOPARECTASIS, Splenopareetama. 
 SPLEXOPHRAXIA, Splenemphraxis. 
 SPLENORRHAG"IA, from splen, and payn 
 'rupture.' Hemorrhage from the spleen. 
 
 SPLEXOSCIR'RHUS, from s^ilen, and cKtppng, 
 'hardness.' Scirrhus or cancer of the spleen. 
 
 SPLBNOT'OMY, Splenotom'ia, Splenot'ome, 
 from splen, and rs/^vu, ' I cut.' Dissection of the 
 spleen. 
 
 SPLINT, Teut. Splinter, from s p 1 i j t e n, 
 ' to split ;' Hastel'la, Ass'ula, Asser'culum, Plag'- 
 vla, Narthex, Fer'ula, (F.) Attelle, Eclisse. A 
 flexible and resisting lamina of wood, used in the 
 treatment of fractures, to keep the fragments in 
 apposition, and prevent their displacement. 
 Splints are made of iron, wood, bark of trees, 
 leather, gutta percha, pasteboard, &c. They are 
 generally padded, and are fixed by a roller or by 
 tapes, according to circumstances. 
 
 SPLIXTER, (F.) Esqnille. Same etymon. 
 This term is sometimes applied to a small portion 
 of wood, which occasionally enters the skin, and 
 gives occasion to much irritation, until it is re- 
 moved, — Acu'leiis lig'neus, (F.) Echarde. 
 
 It is also applied to fragments that separate 
 from a fractured or diseased bone. 
 
 SPLITCLOTH, Lin'teum seissum. A bandage 
 for the head, consisting of a central part, and six 
 or eight tails. The single split cloth has four 
 tails. It is regarded as the most convenient 
 bandage for the head, face and jaws. 
 SPLITROCK, Heuchera cortusa. 
 SPOAT, Saliva. 
 
 SPODIUM GR^CORUM, Album greecum. 
 SPOLIARIUM, Apodyterium. 
 SPO'LIATIVE, Spoliati'va, from spoliare, spo- 
 liatnm, ' to take away.' (F.) Spoliatif. Phlebo- 
 tom'ia spoliati'va, (F.) Saignee spoliative. Blood- 
 letting, used for the purpose of diminishing tha 
 mass of blood. 
 
 SPOLIATORIUM, Apodyterium. 
 SPOXDLES, Vertebra. 
 
SPONDYLALGIA 
 
 864 
 
 SPRUCE BEER 
 
 SPONDTLAL'GIA, Spondylochjn'in, from 
 a-Koviv\oi, ' a vertebra,' and aXyoi, 'pain.' Pain 
 in the vertebrae. Cacorrhachitis. See Vertebral 
 
 SPONDYLARTHRPTIS, from cnovbvXos, 'a 
 vertebra,' apdpov, 'a joint,' and itis, denoting in- 
 flammation. Gouty or rheumatic inflammation 
 of the spinal column. 
 
 SPONDYLARTHROCACE, Vertebral disease. 
 
 SPONDYLI, Vertebra;. 
 
 SPONDYLIS, Coccyx. 
 
 SPONDYLI'TIS, Inflamma'tio ver'tehra, from 
 (STovbvXoi, and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of the vertebrffl. 
 
 SPONDYLIUM, Coccyx, Heracleum spondy- 
 lium. 
 
 SPONDYLOCACE, Vertebral disease. 
 
 SPONDYLODYNIA, Spondylalgia. 
 
 SPONDYLOPATHI'A, from oKovivUi, 'a ver- 
 tebra,' and vados, 'a disease.' A disease of the 
 vertebral column. 
 
 SPONDYLOPYOSIS, Vertebral disease. 
 
 SPOND'YLUS, cTTovivUs. A vertebra. Also, 
 the vertex. 
 
 SPONGE, BASTARD, Alcyonium. 
 
 SPONGI. The tumefied glands of the neck. 
 
 SPON'GIA, &'. officina'lis sea Mari'na, Spon- 
 gos, Spliongus, Sponge, (F.) JEpotiye, An organ- 
 ized marine substance, of the Class Porifera, met 
 with in many seas, but especiaUy in the Medi- 
 terranean and Arabian. It is supple, elastic, 
 porous, and capable of absorbing fluids in which 
 it may be placed, and of thus increasing in size. 
 It is employed in surgery, for cleansing or wash- 
 ing ; for absorbing acrid discharges from ulcers; 
 suppressing hemorrhage when the mouth of the 
 vessel can be compressed by it, and for forming 
 tents for dilating wounds ; in which case, the 
 sponge is immersed in melting wax, and cooled 
 before being used, It is then called Spongia 
 cera'ta. Waxed, Cera'ted or Prepiared Spionge or 
 Sp>onge Tent. 
 
 Spongia Assa, S. Usta — s. Cerata, see Spongia 
 — s. Cynosbati, Bedegar. 
 
 Spongia Usta, S. Assa, Cnrho spon'gicB, Burnt 
 Sponge, contains carbonate and phosphate of 
 lime, carbonate of soda, charcoal, and iodine. It 
 is used in bronehocele, scrofulous aflfections, and 
 herpetic eruptions; and its good effects seem to 
 be dependent upon iodine. It is made by cutting 
 sponge into pieces, and heating it, that any ex- 
 traneous matter may be separated; burning it in 
 a close iron vessel until it becomes black and 
 friable, and, lastly, rubbing it into very fine pow- 
 der.— Ph. U. S. Dose, 3j to ^iij. 
 
 SPON'GIA LAPIS. A name given to small 
 friable stones found in sponge. They were for- 
 merly esteemed lithontriptic. 
 
 SPONGIODES, Spongoid. 
 
 SPONGIOLE, Spon'giolum, Spon'giola, Spon- 
 ge'let; from <jKoyyiov, 'a. small sponge.' The soft 
 succulent extremity of the fibrils or true roots of 
 a plant, by which it absorbs or sucks up fluid. 
 Similar spongioles have been supposed to exist 
 at the terminations of the absorbents in animals. 
 
 SPON'GION. Ancient name of an epithem 
 made of goats' dung: and also of a malagma, 
 which was considered capable of absorbing the 
 serum in dropsies, like a sponge. — Paulus, Gor- 
 rseus. 
 
 SPONGIO-PILINE, from spongia, 'sponge,' 
 !ind filus, 'a hair.' A fabric, composed of sponge 
 and wool, felted together in three layers, and 
 coated, on one of its surfaces, with caoutchouc, 
 which renders it impermeable. It is of great ser- 
 vice as a cataplasm, fomentation, vehicle for 
 lotions, liniments, <fcc. 
 
 SPONGIOSUM (OS), Ethmoid bone. 
 SPONGIOSUS, Spongoid. 
 
 SPONGOID, Spongoi'des, Spongio'des, Spon- 
 gio'sus, Spongy, from crTroyyia, ' sponge,' and ti&o<;, 
 'resemblance.' Resembling sponge. Of the na- 
 ture of sponge. 
 
 Spongoid Inflammation, Haematodes fungus. 
 Spongoid Tissue, (F.) Tissu spongoide. An 
 adventitious spongy tissue, found in cases of 
 rickets. — Guerin. 
 
 SPONGOS, Tonsil. 
 
 SPONGY, Spongoid. 
 
 Spongt Tissue, see Bone. 
 
 SPONSA SOLIS, Calendula officinalis. 
 
 SPO^TA''NEO\JS, Sponta'neus, {¥.) Spontanee, 
 from sponte, 'voluntarilj'.' That which occurs 
 of itself, or without any manifest external cause. 
 Evacuations are termed sp)ontaneous, which are 
 not produced by medicine. Sponta'neous las'si- 
 tiide is that which is not the result of fatigue. 
 Diseases are also sjMntaneous which supervene 
 without apparent cause. Sponta'neous Amj^ita'- 
 tion is the separation of a limb from the foetus in 
 utero. 
 
 Spontaneous Evolution, see Evolution — s. 
 Version, Evolution, spontaneous. 
 
 SPONTEPARITE, Generation, spontaneous. 
 
 SPOON, Umbilicus. 
 
 SPOONWOOD, Kalmia latifolia, Tilia Ameri- 
 cana. 
 
 SPORAD'IC, Spor'ades, Spo7-ad'ici, Morhi dis- 
 per'si seu sparsi, (F.) Maladies sporadiques, from 
 cTTctpio, '1 spread.' Diseases which supervene in- 
 differentlj' in every season and situation, from 
 accidental causes, and independently of any epi- 
 demic or contagious influence. 
 
 SPORE, Spor'nle, Sporum, Spor'iduvi, from 
 (TTupo}, 'I sow.' The reproductive body in cryp- 
 togamous plants, which is analogous to the seed 
 of phanerogamous plants. 
 
 SPORID'IUM; same etymon. The reproduc- 
 tive body in algaceous plants, which resembles 
 the spore of other plants. 
 
 SPORULE, Spore. 
 
 SPORUM, Spore. 
 
 SPOTS, CEREBRAL, TacAes cerelralea — s. 
 Germinal, see Molecule — s. Meningitic, Taches 
 meningitiques. 
 
 Spots, Red, (F.) Taches rouges, Rose spots, 
 Rose'olcB seu Pap'ulcB typho'scp.. Small red spots 
 which appear in typhoid fever, from the 8th to 
 the 15th day of the disease. They are most fre- 
 quently seen on the lower and middle portions of 
 the chest, and upper part of the abdomen. 
 
 Spots, Rose, Spots, red. 
 
 SPRAIN, corrupted from strain [?] — Siiblnxa'- 
 tio, Distor'tio, Dias'tropJie, Diastrem'mn, Luxa'- 
 tio imperfec'ta, Exarthre'ma, Exarthro'sis, Strem,- 
 ma, Thlasma Stremma, Wrench, (Sc.) Wramp, 
 (Prov.) Kench, Keak, (F.) Detorse, Entorse, Fou- 
 lure. A violent straining or twisting of the soft 
 parts surrounding the joints. According to the 
 degree of the sprain, the fibrous parts of the joint 
 may be simplj' stretched, or they may be rup- 
 tured. This affection, which has been regarded 
 as incomplete luxation, occurs, particularl}', in 
 the ginglymoid joints; — as in the foot, wrist, 
 knee, &c. The violence causes an aflBux of 
 blood ; the serum of the blood is poured out, and 
 often the blood itself, owing to the rupture of 
 vessels; and inflammation arises, which ends in 
 resolution or induration. Local, antiphlogistic 
 applications are required, with perfect rest; and, 
 when the inflammatory action has subsided, cold 
 pumping and friction, with the application of a 
 plaster and bandage, will afford support till the 
 parts affected recover their due tone. 
 
 SPRAT, YELLOAV-BILLED, Clupea thryssa. 
 
 SPRUCE BEER, White Sprttce Beer. A beer 
 made as follows : To 10 gallons of water, add 6 
 pounds of sugar, and 4 oz. of essence of sp>ruce. 
 
SPUITIO 
 
 865 
 
 STAGMA 
 
 Add yeast, and bottle, when ready. It is grate- 
 ful and antiscorbutic. 
 
 Spruce Beer Powders may be formed of 
 white sugar, gj, and ^ij ; soda subearb., gr. xsvj ; 
 essence of spruce, gr. x, in each blue paper; and 
 acid of tartar, ^ss in each white paper. For half 
 a pint of water. 
 
 SPUITIO, Exspuition. 
 
 SPUMA ARGENTI, Plumbi oxydum semi- 
 vitreum — s. Cerevisise, Yest — s. Trium draconum, 
 Antimonium muriatum. 
 
 SPUMEUX, Frothy. 
 
 SPUMOSUS, Frothy. 
 
 SPUNK, Boletus igniarius.^ 
 
 SPUR, Sax. rpup, (F.) Eperon des Arteres. 
 The angle at which the arteries leave a cavity or 
 trunk. 
 
 Spur, Ergot. 
 
 SPURBLIND, Myopic. 
 
 SPURGE, CAPER, Euphorbia lathyris — s. 
 Cypress, Euphorbia Cyparissias — s. Flax, Daphne 
 gnidium — s. Flowering, large. Euphorbia corol- 
 lata — s. Garden, Euphorbia lathyris — s. Greater, 
 Euphorbia palustris — s. Ipecacuanha, Euphorbia 
 ipecacuanha. 
 
 Spurge Laurel, Daphne laureola. 
 
 Spurge, Marsh, Euphorbia palustris. 
 
 Spurge Olive, Cneorum tricoccum, Daphne 
 mezereum. 
 
 Spurge, Petty, Euphorbia peplus — s. Sea, 
 Euphorbia paralias — s. Spotted, Euphorbia ma- 
 culata — s. Sun, Euphorbia helioscopia — s. Wart- 
 wort, Euphorbia helioscopia. 
 
 SPUTA, PRUNE JUICE, see Prune Juice. 
 
 SPUTAMEN, Saliva, Sputum. 
 
 SPUTAMENTUM, Saliva, Sputum. 
 
 SPUTATIO, Exspuition. 
 
 SPUTATION, Exspuition. 
 
 SPUTATORIUS, Expectorant. 
 
 SPUTUM, plural Sputa, Apochrem'ma, Chrem- 
 ma, Empjtys'nia, Sputa'men, Pty'elon, Pytis'ma, 
 Spit, from spuere, sputum, 'to spit.' (F.) Crachat. 
 The secretions ejected from the mouth in the act 
 of spitting. It is composed of saliva, and of the 
 mucus secreted by the mucous membrane of the 
 nasal fossse and fauces, and often by the mem- 
 brane of the larynx and bronchia. The sputa 
 are, sometimes, called eru'ginous, when of a green- 
 ish-yellow colour; gimimy, when they resemble 
 a thick solution of gum : frothy, (F.j mnusseiix, 
 when covered with froth ; rubig"inous, (F.) rubi- 
 gineux ou rouilles, when of a reddish-yellow ; and 
 streaked, (F.) slries, when mixed with lines of 
 blood. Also, saliva. 
 
 SpuTusr Cruentum, Hsemoptysis — s. Dulce, 
 Saccharorrhoea pulmonalis — s. Oris, Salivation — 
 s. Saccharatum, Saccharorrhoea pulmonalis — s. 
 Sanguinis, Haemoptysis. 
 
 SQUALLING, Vagitus. 
 
 SQUAMA, Scale, Squamous portion, Table. 
 
 SQUAMiE, Scaly diseases. 
 
 SQUAMARIA, Plumbago EuropEea. 
 
 SQVAMEUX, Squamous. 
 
 SQUAMIFORMIS, Squamous. 
 
 SQUAMOUS, Squamo'sus, Lepido'i'des, Lepi- 
 do'deis, Squamifor'mis, Scaly; from squama, 'a 
 scale.' That which relates to or resembles a scale. 
 
 Squamous Portion of the temporal bone, (F.) 
 Portion squamcuse ou ecailleuse du Temporal, is 
 the upper part of the temporal, so called from a 
 fancied resemblance to a scale. See Temporal 
 Bone. 
 
 Squamous Suture, Sutu'ra squamo'sa seu men- 
 do'sa seu lepido'i'des seu lepido'des seu cra'nii 
 squamo'sa, (F.) Suture sq^iametise ou ecailleuse. 
 The suture which unites the squamous portion of 
 the temporal bone to the parietal. 
 
 Certain scaly cutaneous affections are also 
 called squamous, (F.) squameux. See Scale. 
 35 
 
 SQUARE STALK, Monarda coccinea. 
 
 SQUARRA TONDENS, Porrigo decalvane. 
 
 SQUATTING PILLS, Pilulse opiate. 
 
 SQUAW-MINT, Hedeoma. 
 
 SQUAAV-ROOT, Acttea racemosa, Caulophyl- 
 lum thalictroides, Senecio aureus. 
 
 SQUAW-WEED, Erigeron Philadelphicum. 
 
 SQUEAMISHNESS, Fastidium cibi. 
 
 SQUEASINESS, Nausea. 
 
 SQUELETTE, Skeleton. 
 
 SQUELETTOLOGIE, Skeletology. 
 
 SQUILL, Scilla — s. Vinegar of, -A.cetum scillas. 
 
 SQUILLA, Scilla. 
 
 SQUIJSfANGIE, Cynanche, Cynanche tonsil- 
 laris. 
 
 SQUINANCT, COMMON, Cynanche tonsil- 
 laris. 
 
 SQUINANTHIA, Cynanche. 
 
 SQUINANTHUS, Juncus odoratus. 
 
 SQUINE, Smilax China. 
 
 SQUINSY, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
 
 SQUINT-EYED, see Strabismus. 
 
 SQUINTER, see Strabismus. 
 
 SQUINTING, Strabismus. 
 
 SQUINZEY, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
 
 SQUIRRE, Scirrhus — s. en Cuirasse, see Lig- 
 neous. 
 
 SQUIRRHE, Scirrhus. 
 
 SQUIRREL CORN, Dicentra Canadensis. 
 
 SQUIRREUX, Scirrhous. 
 
 SQ UIRROGASTR IE, Scirrhogastria. 
 
 SQUIRBUS, Scirrhus. 
 
 SQUIRT, Syringe. 
 
 STACHELBERG, MINERAL AVATERS OF. 
 Stachelberg Springs are far down in the valley 
 of the Linth, in Switzerland. The waters are 
 sulphureous, and are much visited by gouty and 
 rheumatic invalids. 
 
 STACHYS FCBTIDA, Galeopsis. 
 
 STACTE, Myrrha. 
 
 STADE, Stage. 
 
 STADIUM, Period, Stage. 
 
 Sta'dium Acmes seu Sta'seos. The period of 
 the height of a disease. 
 
 Sta'dium Annihilatio'nis seu Convalescen'- 
 ti^ seu Reconvalescenti^. The period of re- 
 covery from disease. 
 
 Stadium Augmen'ti seu Incremen'ti Moebi. 
 The period or stage of increase of a disease. 
 
 Stadium Caloris, Stage, (hot) — s. Convales- 
 centise, S. annihilationis. 
 
 Stadium Decremen'ti. The period or stage 
 of decrease of a disease. 
 
 Stadium Frigoris, Stage, (cold) — s. Incre- 
 menti Morbi, S. Augmenti morbi — s. Latentis 
 Contagii, Prodromus — s. Opportunitatis, Prodro- 
 mus — s. Prodromorum, Prodromus — s. Reconva- 
 lescentife, S. Annihilationis. 
 
 STAFF, (D.) Staf. An instrument of great 
 importance in lithotomy, — being the director for 
 the gorget or knife. It is made of steel : and the 
 handle is flat and rough, in order that it may be 
 more securely held. The groove is on its convex 
 
 STAFF TREE, CLIMBING, Celastrus scan- 
 dens. 
 
 STAFFA, Stapes. 
 
 STAG'S PIZZLE, see Cervus. 
 
 STAGE. Sta'dium, (F.) Estage, Etage, Stade. 
 The period or degree of a disease ; especially the 
 period of an intermittent : — as the cold stage, — 
 sta'dium fri'goris — hot stage, &c. 
 
 STAGGERBUSH, Andromeda mariana. 
 
 STAGGERWEED, Delphinium. 
 
 STA'GIUM. The sixth part of an ounce. 
 
 STAGMA, from ara^'ji, 'I distil;' Stalag'ma. 
 Any distilled liquid or liquor. 
 
 Stagma, Gutta. 
 
STAGNATION 
 
 866 
 
 STARCE 
 
 STAGrNA'TION, Stagna'tio, from stagnare, 
 stagnatum, ' to form a pond/ (ntagnum, 'a pond.') 
 Accumulation and retardation of fluids in any 
 part of the body. 
 
 STAGNUM CHYLI, Receptaculum chyli. 
 STAHLIAN. One who follows the doctrine 
 of Stahl. 
 
 STAHL'IANISM. The doctrine of Stahl, 
 Tihioh considered every vital action under the 
 direction and presidency of the soul. See Ani- 
 mist. 
 
 STALAGMA, Stajrma. 
 
 STALAGMI'TIS CAMBOGIOI'DES, S. Cam- 
 ho'gia, from araXay/xoi, ' a drop' — the gum ex- 
 uding by drops. Gamboge was long ascribed to 
 this fancied Ceylonese plant. It is now known, 
 that the name was given by Murray to specimens 
 of two distinct trees of different genera. See 
 Cambogia. 
 
 STALAGMOS, Distillation. 
 STALE, Urine. 
 STALTICUS, Incarnans. 
 STAMMERING, Balbuties— s. of the Fingers, 
 Cramp, writers'. 
 
 STAMP, Cachet — s. Medicine, Cachet — s. Ocu- 
 list, Cachet. 
 
 STAMPING MILL, see Pulverization. 
 STANG, see Throbbing. 
 STANGOS, Tin. 
 
 STANNI MURIAS, Tin, muriate of— s. Oxy^ 
 duli murias, Tin, muriate of — s. Pulvis, see Tin. 
 STANNIOLUM, Tinfoil. 
 
 STANNUM, Tin — s. Cinereura, Bismath — s. 
 Foliatum, Tinfoil — s. Glaeiale, Bismuth — s. Gra- 
 nulatum. see Tin — s. Indicum, Zineum. 
 STAPEDIEN, Stapedius. 
 STAPE'DIUS, Stapes, (F.) StapSdien, Pjjra- 
 midnl-stapMien. A muscle of the middle ear, 
 which draws the stapes obliquely upwards. 
 
 STAPES, genitive Sta'pedis, (sto and pes,) 
 Stapha, Staffa, 'a stirrup.' (F.) Etrier. The 
 innermost of the small bones of the ear, so called 
 because it resembles a stirrup. It is situate hori- 
 zontally in the cavity of the tympanum. Its 
 head, which is directed outwards, is articulated 
 with the OS orbiculare. Its base faces inwards, 
 and is applied to the fenestra ovalis, which it 
 closes imperfectly, and to the membrane of which 
 it is united. Its branches are one anterior, and 
 the other posterior. They are curved; and the 
 space between them is parabolic. Surgeons have 
 given the name Stapes to a bandage used in 
 bleeding from the foot; which forms a figure of 8 
 around the ankles. 
 STAPHA, Stapes. 
 
 STAPHIS, Delphinium staphisagria. 
 STAPHISAGRIA, Delphinium staphisagria. 
 STAPHTSAIGRE, Delphinium staphisairria. 
 STAPHYL^MATO'MA, from trrn^v^.,,"' the 
 uvula,' and hcBmatoma. A tumour formed by ef- 
 fusion of blood beneath the mucous membrane 
 of the uvula. 
 
 STAPHYLAGRA, Staphylepartes. 
 STAPHYLE, Uvula, see Vitis vinifera. 
 STAPHYLEPAR'TES, from ora(},r>\n, 'the 
 uvula,' and EToipM, 'I lift up.' Staph'ylagra. An 
 instrument for laying hold of, and removing the 
 uvula. — Paulus. 
 
 STAPHYLINI, see Azygos muscle — s. Medii, 
 see Azysros muscle. 
 
 STAPHYLINO-PHARYNGEUS, Palato-pha- 
 rvnseus. 
 
 ■ STAPHYLINUS EXTERNUS, Circumflexus. 
 STAPHYLIS. Nipple. 
 STAPHYLITIS, Uvulitis. 
 STAPHYLIUM. Nipple. 
 
 STAPHYLODIALYSIS, Cionis, Staphyloe- 
 dema. 
 
 STAPHYLCEDE'MA, from aTa<j>v\v, ' the uvula,' 
 and oedema. Angi'na uvida'ria, Dyspha'gia uvu- 
 lo'sa, Hypostaph'yle, UypostaphyW tis, Staphylo- 
 dial'ysis, Prolapsus seu Propito'eis seu Casus sea 
 CEdema u'vulce, Himas, Himanto' ma, Himanto' sis, 
 Staphylon'cus, Staphylon'cia, Produc'tio uvula (J 
 pitui'td, U'vula decid'ua seu relajca'ta, Cras'- 
 pedon. Relaxation and tumefaction of the uvula, 
 which, either from inflammation or infiltration, 
 hangs down so as to occasion diflBcult deglu- 
 tition, cough, &c. Scarification, astringent gar- 
 gles, and, if necessary, excision, constitute the 
 treatment. 
 
 STAPHYLO'MA, from ara^ivXv, 'a grape.' 
 Uva'tio, Myoceph'alon, My'iocejih' alum, Parop'sii 
 Staphylo'ma, Staphylo'sis, Polygro'ma. A name 
 given to different tumours of the anterior surfact 
 of the globe of the eye. 
 
 Staphyloma Conicum, Staphyloma of the cor- 
 nea — s. Pellucidum conicum, Staphyloma of thi 
 cornea. 
 
 Staphyloma of the Cornea, Sugar-loaf Cor- 
 nea or Con'ical Cornea, Con'ical hydrophthal'mia^ 
 Staphylo'ma con'icum- seu picllu' cidum con'icum, 
 Conophthal'mia, Prolapt'sus cor'necp., Ceraton' ens, 
 Hypercerato'sis, Hypercer' asis, is an unequal, 
 embossed, bluish or whitish, round or conicai 
 tumour; of variable size; formed by the projection 
 of the transparent cornea, which is sometimes 
 extenuated and distended, at others thickened. 
 
 Staphyloma op the Iris is the disease de- 
 scribed by Scarpa under the name Procidentia 
 Jridis. It is hernia of the iris, through an acci- 
 dental opening of the cornea. Also, iridauxesis. 
 Staphyloma op the Sclerot'ic, Staphyloma 
 sclerot'iccB, difi'ers from the last, in the prominence 
 existing on a part of the eye covered by the scle- 
 rotic, which is much thinner. 
 Staphyloma Uve^e, Iridauxesis. 
 STAPHYLONCIA, Staphyloedema. 
 STAPHYLONCUS, Staphyloedema. 
 STAPHYLOPLAS' TIC, Staphyloplas •■ ticus, 
 from cTa<i>v\ri, ' the uvula,' and nXatro-co, ' I form.' 
 An epithet applied to the operation for replacing 
 the soft palate, when it has been lost. Stajyh'ylo- 
 plasty, Pul'atop)lasty, a word of hybrid formation, 
 is the operation for closing the palatine vault. 
 
 STAPHYLOR'RAPHY, Velosynth'esis, Sta- 
 phylorrha'phia, Kionorrha'phia, Cionorrhaph'ia, 
 Uranor'rhaphe, Uranorrha' phia , Oraniscorrha' - 
 phia, Uraniscor'rhaphe, from aTa<pv\ri, 'the uvu- 
 la,' and ^a<j>ri, 'a suture.' The operation for uni- 
 ting a cleft palate. It consists in paring the edges 
 of the cleft; passing ligatures through them, and 
 bringing them together. 
 
 STAPHYLOSIS, Staphyloma. 
 STAPHYLOT'OMY, Staphylutom'ia, from nra- 
 (pi\>l, 'the uvula,' and to/i>7, 'incision.' Amputa- 
 tion of the uvula. 
 
 STAR APPLE, BROAD-LEAVED, Chryso- 
 phyllum cainito — s. Blazing, Aletris farinosa^ — s. 
 Bloom, Spigelia Marilandica — s. Grass, Aletris 
 farinosa, Hypoxys ereeta. 
 
 Star, Knap-weed, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
 Star op the North, Geum urbanum. 
 Star Stroke, Coiip-de-soleil — s. Wort, Aletris 
 farinosa — s. Wort, golden, Bubonium — s. Wort, 
 water, Callitriehe verna. 
 
 STARBECK SPA. A chalybeate spring at 
 Harrogate. 
 
 STARCH, Sax. yca,pc, 'rigid, stiff,' Amylum, 
 Starch, Animal, Corpora amylaeea — s. Blue, 
 Smalt — s. Canna, Totis-les-mois. 
 
 Starch Corpuscles, Corpora amylaeea. 
 Starch, Iodide of, lod'idum seu lodure'tum 
 Am'yli, Am'ylum ioda'tum, (F.) lodure d' Amidon ; 
 prepared by triturating iodine and starch, is said 
 to have the eutrophic effects of iodine; but, by 
 some, is esteemed inert. Dose, four to six grains. 
 
STARKEY'S PILLS 
 
 867 
 
 STEGNOTICA 
 
 Starch, Potato, see Solanum tuberosum. 
 
 Stauch Sugar, Glucose. 
 
 Starch, Tacca, Arrowroot, Tahiti. 
 
 STARKEY'S PILLS, see Pilulse ex hellebore 
 et niyrrha. 
 
 S'i'ASE, Stasis. 
 
 STASIS, orao-if, from araia, 'I stop,' (F.) Stase. 
 This word has nearly the same signification as 
 stagnation. Stagnation, however, sometimes in- 
 cludes a morbid condition of the fluids, — Stasis 
 never. 
 
 Stasis, Station. 
 
 STATE MEDICINE, Medicine, state. 
 
 STATIC. Statical, Staticiis, (F.) Statique. 
 Same etymon. An epithet applied to the physi- 
 cal phenomena presented by organized bodies in 
 contradistinction to the organic or vital. 
 
 STAT'ICA SEPTI NA'RIUM, Apjjen'dix cu- 
 tn'iiea septi na'rium. The cutaneous appendage 
 to the septum narium. 
 
 STATICAIi, Static. 
 
 STAT'ICE CAROLINIA'NA, of the United 
 States, {araTiKoi, ' restraining,') Amer'ican or Sea- 
 side Thrift, JIfargh Rose'mary, JIfitrsh Root, Ink- 
 root, Sea Lavender, Ord. Plumbaginacese, is con- 
 sidered to be a mere variety of the Statiee limo- 
 nium. The root is the Statiee — (Ph. U. S.). 
 
 Stat'ice Limo'nium, »?. Ifarit'imum, Beh.en ru- 
 bniin, Limo'nium, L. majus seu vulga're, Behen, 
 Behmen Ackmar, Sea Lnv'ender, Red Behen, Marsh 
 Rosemary, Lavender Thrift, (F.) Behen rouge, 
 Romarin des marais, Lavande triste ou de mer. 
 The roots have been esteemed astringent, tonic, 
 and eminently antiseptic. 
 
 Staticb Maritimum, S. limonium — s. Vulgare, 
 S. limonium. 
 
 STA'TIOjST, Sfa'tio, Stasis, Status, from stare, 
 statuni, 'to stand.' The act of standing. 
 
 STATIONARY, Stationa'rius, (F.) Station- 
 naire. Same etymon. A name given by Syden- 
 ham and StoU to certain diseases, which depend 
 upon a particular state af the atmosphere ; and 
 which prevail in a district for a certain number 
 of years, and then give way to others. 
 
 STATIS'TICS, MEDICAL, Vital Statistics, 
 Biostat'ics, (^Status, 'a state,') (F.) Statistique me- 
 dicate. That part of medicine which relates to 
 A^tsWs — medico-statistical — connected with the 
 mortality, salubrity, Ac, of different countries 
 and situations. 
 
 It has, also, been used in a wider sense to'sig- 
 nify the same as Numerical method, (F.) Methode 
 numerique ; which is applied to the systemization 
 of medical facts, or to the use of numbers in the 
 investigation of disease. 
 
 Statistics, Vital, Statistics, medical. 
 
 STATURE, Statu'ra, Meg'ethos, Magnitu'do 
 cor'poris, from sto, statitm, 'to stand.' The height 
 of the human figure. The following table exhibits 
 the results of several admeasurements, with the 
 heights of some of the monkey species, on the 
 authority of Mr. Lawrence. 
 
 stature. 
 Feet. In. 
 
 (-6 a 
 
 An Englishman < to 
 
 U 00 
 
 f5 4 
 
 An Englishwoman i to 
 
 (.5 00 
 
 European male skeleton 5 8 
 
 Do. 5 5 
 
 A Negro at the Lunatic Hospital, Liver- 1 , . „ j^ 
 
 pool J ' 
 
 Another from Virginia 5 6^ 
 
 Another from the Gold Coast 5 8 
 
 Another •. 5 00 
 
 stature. 
 
 Feet. Id. 
 
 Negro skeleton 4 1] 
 
 Another 5 7^ 
 
 A Lascar 5 4 
 
 Venus de Medici 5 00 
 
 Tyson's Chimitainse (Simia Troglodytes) 2 2 
 
 Mr. Abel's Orang Otang 2 7 
 
 Camper's Do less than SO 
 
 Mr. White's Monkey 2 2 
 
 STATUS, Acme — s. Cruditatis, Crudity — s. 
 Erethiticus, Nervous diathesis — s. Gastricus, Em- 
 barras gaslrique — s. Nervosus, Nervous diathesis 
 — s. Parturiendi, Parturition— s. Sthenicus, Sthe- 
 nia — s. Verrainosus, Helminthiasis. 
 
 STAVESACRE, Delphinium staphisagria. 
 
 STAXIS, oT«|tj, Apostnx'is. A slight epistaxis 
 or nasal hemorrhage. — Hippocrates. 
 
 STEAM-DOCTOR. A term applied to one 
 who treats all or most diseases by steam. 
 
 STEAR, see Fat, Sevum. 
 
 STEARATE, Eraplastrum. 
 
 STEARIN, see Fat. 
 
 STEARINUM CETACEUM, Cetaceum. 
 
 STEAROLE, Pomatum — s. SoUde, Emplas- 
 trum. 
 
 STEAROSIS, Steatosis. 
 
 STEARRHCE'A, Steatorrhoe'a, Seborrhce'a, 
 Seborrhag"ia, Smegmatorrhoe'a, Smegmorrhoe'a, 
 Fluxns seba'ceus, Seba'ceotis Flux, from areap, 
 ' suet,' and ptw, 'I flow.' Augmentation of secre- 
 tion from the sebaceous follicles of the skin. 
 
 Stearrhcea Ni'gricans. A term used by Dr. 
 Neligan, of Dublin, for a black discoloration of 
 the face, observed in young females affected with 
 derangement of the catamenia, and which, in his 
 opinion, is owing to a dark secretion from the cu- 
 taneous sebaceous glands. 
 
 STEATITES, Polysarcia. 
 
 STEATOCE'LE, from artap, areaTo;, 'suet,' and 
 Kri\ri, ' a tumour.' A tumour formed by a collec- 
 tion of steatomatous matter in the scrotum. 
 
 STEATO'MA, Tumor lar'deus, from artap, 
 arearos, 'suet.' Seva'tio, Empihy'ma encys'tia 
 steatoma. An encysted tumour, whose contents 
 are similar to fat. 
 
 STEATOP'YGA, from arzap, arcaro;, 'fat,' and 
 ;rijy?7, ' buttocks.' Bnttock-hnmp. Fat buttocks ; 
 such as exist in the Hottentot female. 
 
 STEATORRHCEA, Stearrhcea. 
 
 STEATO'SIS, Stearu'sis. Fatty degeneration 
 of a part, or unusual deposition and accumulation 
 of fat in its adipose tissue. 
 
 Steato'siS Cordis, Degenera'tio adipn'sa cordis, 
 Oardiethmolipo'sis and Oardiomynlipo' sis (Pior- 
 ry). Fatty heart. Unusual deposition of fat on 
 the heart: — by some presumed to be occasionally 
 a true adipous degeneration of the substance of 
 the heart. 
 
 Steatosis Hepatica, Adiposis hepatica. 
 
 STEATOZOON FOLLICULORUM, Acarua 
 Folliculorum. 
 
 STEEL, Chalybs. 
 
 STEEP, Rennet. 
 
 STEEPLE-BUSH, Spirsea tomentosa. 
 
 STEER'S OPODELDOCH, see Opodeldoch, 
 Steer's. 
 
 STEGMONTH, see Parturient. 
 
 STEGANOP'ODES, cTtyavoitobei, Planip'edes. 
 They who have fl.at feet, or are web-footed, from 
 oTtyavof, ' covered,' and t-ovs, ' foot.' 
 
 STEGNO'SIS, Steno'sis, Constipa'tio, Stipa'tio, 
 Condensa'tio, Obstruc'tio, from artyvoij), ' I con- 
 strict.' Constriction or narrowness of the pores 
 and vessels^. Stricture. Constipation. Suppression 
 of the evacuations. See Arctatio. 
 
 STEGNOTICA, Astringents. 
 
STETROSIS 
 
 8 6 8 STERNO-CLEIDO-MASTOIDEUS 
 
 STEIROSTS, Stenlitas. 
 STELENGIS, Stridor dentium. ^ 
 STELLA, Fas-'eia stella'ta, (F.) UtoiJe. A ban- 
 dage, improperly compared to a star, because it 
 is crossed like the letter X. This bandage is ap- 
 plied upon one or both shoulders. In the first 
 rase, it is called simple ; in the second, double. 
 It was employed in fractures of the sternum, 
 clavicle, and scapula; in luxations of the hume- 
 rus, &c. 
 
 Stklla Tbrr.e, Plantago coronopus. 
 STELLARIA MEDIA, Alsine media— s. Scil- 
 ]a, Scilla. 
 
 STELLATA RUPINA, Cenlaurea ealcitrapa. 
 STELL'UL^ VERHEYEN'II, {ste/la, 'a star,' 
 sfel'liila, ' a little star,') Siibsfnn'tia stcl'lata ser- 
 peiiti'na seu radia'ta, Ellych'nia. A stelliform 
 plexus of veins at the surface of the kidney, which 
 gives origin to the interlobular veins. 
 STELOCHITIS, Osteocolla. 
 STENAGMUS, Suspirium. 
 STENAXIS, Suspiritim, 
 STENIA, Sthenia. 
 STENICUS, Active. 
 STENOBREGMATE, see Cranium. 
 STENOCARDIA, Angina pectoris, Cardioste- 
 nosis. 
 
 STENOCHO'RIA, StcnocTiori'anis, from arevo^, 
 'narrow,' and X'^9'^' 'space.' Angustia. Em- 
 ployed by some for contraction of the vagina. 
 
 Stenochoria Intestini Rkcti, Stricture of the 
 rectum — s. ffisophagi, Dysphagia constricta. 
 
 STENOMYCTE'RIA, from arzvoi, 'narrow,' 
 and nvKTrjp, 'nose.' Contraction of the nasal 
 passages. 
 
 STENOSIS, Stegnosis. 
 - STENOSTEGNOSIS, Stenostenosis. 
 
 STENOSTEXO'SIS, Stenostegno'sh, from Ste- 
 nn, and gtsvojois, 'contraction.' OhMruc'tio diic- 
 1&S Stenmn'a'iii. Narrowness or contraction of 
 the duct of Steno. 
 
 STENOSTOM'IA, from arcvog. 'narrow,' and 
 croiia, ' mouth.' Contraction of the mouth. 
 
 STENOTHORA'CES, from artvog, 'narrow,' 
 and 5wp;if, -S-upa/co;, 'the chest.' They who have 
 narrow chests. 
 
 STENTOROPHO'NUS, from Yrevrmp, Stentor, 
 .1 Greek of powerful voice in the army before 
 Troy; and <liu>vr], 'voice.' One who has a strong 
 voice. 
 
 STEPITANE, Crown. 
 
 STEPHENS, MRS., REMEDY FOR THE 
 STONE. This consisted of lime, prepared by 
 calcining the shells of eggs and snails, made into 
 pills with soap. A decoction was, also, adminis- 
 tered, consisting of chamomile, fennel, parsley, 
 and burdock, with a portion of Alicant soap. Its 
 virtues were dependent upon the lime and the 
 tonic properties of the decoction. Hales, Hartley, 
 Kirkpatrick, Lobb, and others, wrote in favour 
 of this nostrum ; and it was ultimately bought by 
 the British parliament for £5000— about $25,000. 
 STEPHENSIA ELONGATA, Matico. 
 STEPMOTHER'S BLESSING, HangnaiL 
 STERA, Uterus. 
 
 STERCORA'CEOUS, Stereora'rius, DiacTio- 
 rel'icns, Ster'coral, from stermis, stercoria, 'dung.' 
 Fecal, FcBccil, (F.) Stercoraire, Stercoral. 
 
 The French use the terra Fistnles slercoraires 
 for those which are kept up by the constant pas- 
 sage of fecal or stercora'ceoiis matter. The name 
 Stercoraires is sometimes given, in derision, to 
 those physicians who are fond of purging their 
 patients : a posteriori has been similarly used. 
 STEROOEAFRE, Storcoraceous. 
 STERCUS, Excrement, Fimus — s. Anseris, 
 Fimus anseris — s. Caninum album, AJbum Gr«- 
 cum — s. Diaboli, Asafoetida — s, Equi non castrati, 
 Fimus. 
 
 Stercus Huma'nuji, Homerda. Human ex- 
 crement. 
 
 Stercus Lacert^, Crocodilia. 
 STEREOCYST'IS, from creptog, 'hard,' and 
 KDo-rif, 'cyst.' A hard encysted tumour. 
 STEREOS, Solid. 
 
 STE'REOSCOPE, Stereosco2}'i urn, from arepiog, 
 'solid,' and cKoirew, 'I view.' A physical instru- 
 ment by means of which plane pictures of an ob- 
 ject are made on each retina, and so blended as 
 to appear as one in relief. Also, an instrument for 
 detecting a calculus in the bladder, and foreign 
 bodies in the soft parts. It resembles a common 
 catheter, having an expanded free extremity. 
 
 STEREOT'ICA, from arepcug, ' hard.' Fortui- 
 tous lesions or deformities affecting the hard 
 parts. The 2d order, class Tychica of Good. 
 
 STER'ILE, Ster'ilis, A'gonos, Aph'orua, Aph- 
 or'icns, Ablast'ea, Infecun'dus, Barren, (F.) 
 Sterile. Same etymon as Sterilitas. Not pro- 
 ducing fruit; infecund. 
 STERILIS, Sterile. 
 
 STERIL'ITAS, Agon'ia, Steiro'sis, Sliro'sis, 
 Agenne'sia, Agenne'sis, Infecun'ditas, Steril'ity, 
 Acye'sis, Bar'renness, Infecxin'dity, Apho'ria, 
 Atec'nia, Atvc'ia, from artcpog, or cTepsog, ' hard, 
 barren.' Quality of that which is barren. Ste- 
 rility may be absolute or relative. The fornoer 
 depends upon some vicious conformation of the 
 genital organs, apparent or concealed, and occa- 
 sionally admits of cure. Sterility is relative when 
 a female does not conceive with one individual, 
 but does with another. Sterility in females is 
 often dependent upon a condition of the uterus 
 characterized by membranous menstruation. 
 STERNAD, see SternaL 
 
 STERNAL, Sterna'lis, from sternum, 'the 
 breast bone.' Relating or appertaining to the 
 sternum or breast bone. 
 
 Sternal Aspkct. The aspect of the body 
 where the sternum is situate. — Barclay. Sleruad 
 is used by the same writer adverbially to signify 
 towards the sternal aspect. 
 
 STERNALGIA, Angina pectoris. 
 STERNO, in composition, belonging, or re- 
 lating to, the sternum or breast bone. 
 
 STERNO-CLAVIC'ULAR, Stemo-clavienJa'- 
 ris. That which relates to the sternum and clavicle. 
 Sterno-clavic'ular Articula'tion is the 
 union of the inner extremity of the clavicle with 
 a round facette at each side of the superior ex- 
 tremity of the sternum. In this articulation 
 there are, besides the incrusting cartilages, two 
 radiated sterno-clavicular, (F.) Sterno-clavicu- 
 laires rayonneea ; 0)?e anterior, and one posterior 
 — an inter-clavicular ligament extending between 
 the two clavicles, and two synovial capsules, se- 
 parated hy TLXi inter-articular fibro-cartilage. The 
 costo-elavicular ligament may also be considered 
 to belong to this articulation. 
 
 STERNO- CLA VIO-MASTOIDIEN, Sterno- 
 cleido-mastoideus — s. Cleido-hyoideus, Sterno- 
 hyoideus. 
 
 STERXO-CLEIDO ERACHIALIS, Pectoralis 
 major. 
 
 STERNO - CLEIDO - MASTOIDEUS, Stemn- 
 masto'ideus, Cleido-masfoideus, Masfo'ideus, J/. 
 anterior, Nuta'tor cap'itis; (F.) Sterjio-clavio- 
 masio'idieii, Sterno-masto'idien ; from arepvov, 'the 
 sternum,' kAei;, 'the clavicle,' and naarog, 'the 
 mastoid process.' A muscle situate at the ante- 
 rior and lateral part of the neck. It is long and 
 flattened: simple, above; and divided into two 
 portions below; where it is inserted into the 
 anterior and superior part of the sternum, and 
 the inner quarter of the clavicle. Above, it ter- 
 minates at the mastoid process, which it embraces, 
 at the neighbouring part of the temporal bone, 
 and at the outer third of the upper curved line 
 
STERNO-COSTAL 
 
 869 
 
 STHENOPYRA 
 
 of the occipital bone. It carries the head 
 forward ; inclines, and rotates it to one side. 
 AVhen both contract, they bend the head directly 
 forwards. 
 
 STERNO-COSTAL. Triangularis sterni — «. 
 Oosto-clnviu-humeral, Pectoralis major — e. Hu- 
 meral, Pectoralis major. 
 
 STERNO-HYOIDEUS, Sfemo-deido-hyoide- 
 us, Stevno-Jiyoides, Hyoidee primus ; from arcpvov, 
 'the sternum,' and 'vociiij;, 'the os hyoides.' A 
 muscle situate at the anterior part of the neck ; 
 inserted, above, at the inferior edge of the body 
 of the hyoid bone; below, into the upper part 
 of the posterior surface of the sternum ; — at the 
 posterior part of the sterno-clavicular articula- 
 tion, and sometimes into the cartilage of the first 
 rib. It depresses the os hyoides. 
 
 STERNO- If A STOi'DIEN, Sterno-cleido- 
 mastoideus — s. Puhien, Rectus abdominis. 
 
 STERNO-THYROiDEUS, Stemo-thymides, 
 Brnn'diiiin. A muscle, situate at the anterior 
 part of the neck. It is attached, above, to the 
 oblique line seen on the outer surface of the thy- 
 roid cartilage: and terminates, below, at the 
 upper part of the posterior surface of the sternum, 
 and the cartilage of the second rib. When it 
 contracts, it depresses the thyroid cartilage and 
 os hyoides by the medium of the thyro-hyoid 
 membrane. 
 
 STERNODYNIA, see Stomatodynia — s. Syn- 
 copalis. Angina pectoris — s. Syncoptica et Pal- 
 pitans, Angina pectoris. 
 
 STERNO- OMPHALODYMIA, see Somato- 
 dyraia. 
 
 STERNOPA'GIA, from arepvov, 'the breast 
 bone,' and irayoi, 'I fasten.' A monstrous union 
 of foetuses, in which they are attached at the 
 sternum. 
 
 STERNUM, Sternon, from orspoof, 'solid;' 
 PectuK, Os aster seu pec'torib- sen ociphn'ides seu 
 gfadi'oli seu ensifor'me, Scutum cordis seu jjec'- 
 toris, Breast Bone, Hcp.mal Spine of Owen. An 
 azygous symmetrical bone, situate at the fore- 
 part of the chest. It is flat; broad above; nar- 
 rower in the middle; and terminates, below, by 
 a pointed cartilage — the xiphoid. It has an 
 anterior or cutaneous surface, a posterior or me- 
 diastinal — a superior or clavicular extremity, and 
 an inferior or abdominal. It is articulated with 
 the clavicles and the seven upper ribs on each 
 side, by means of their cartilages. According to 
 Beclard, it is formed of six principal bones, which 
 he names, from their position, 1. Prinn-stemal or 
 clavi-sternal: 2. Duo-sternal: 3. Tri-sternal: 4. 
 Quarti - sternal : 5. Qninti- sternal : 6. Ultimi- 
 sternal or ensi -sternal. 
 
 STERNUMENTUM, Sneezing. 
 STERNUTAMENTORIA, Achillea ptarmica. 
 STERNUTAMENTUM, Sneezing. 
 STERNUTATIO, Sneezing. 
 STERNUTATOIRE. Sternutatory. 
 STER'NUTATORY, Stemutato'rins, from ster- 
 nutare, sternufatum, 'to sneeze.' Sternutnmen'tum, 
 Errhi'num, Ptar'micnm, Anarrhi'num, (F.) Ster- 
 nutatoire. A substance which provokes sneezing; 
 as tobacco, &c. — See Errhine. 
 STERTEUR, Stertor. 
 
 STERTOR, Ronchus or JRhonchus, Eenchus, 
 Rhencus, (F.) Sterteur, Ronflement, from stertere, 
 'to snore.' The deep snoring which accompanies 
 inspiration in some diseases, particularly in apo- 
 plexy. Such respiration is said to be ster'torous, 
 (P.) Stertoreux ; Respira'tio stertuo'sa seu ster- 
 tens seu stertoro'sa. 
 
 STERTOROUS, see Stertor. 
 STETHxE'MIA, Hypera'mia Pulmo'num seu 
 Pec'toris, Conges' tio Pulmonum seu Pectoris, (F.) 
 Hyperemie ou Congestion des Pouinons ; from 
 
 oTjjSof, 'the chest,' and 'aiiia, 'blood.' Hypere- 
 mia of the lungs. Congestion or accumulation 
 of blood in the pulmonary vessels. 
 
 STETHOCATH ARSIS, Expectoration. 
 STETHOCIIYSIS, Hydrothorax. 
 STETHODESMIS, Corset. 
 STETIIODESMIUM, Corset. 
 STETIIODESMUS, Corset. 
 STETHOM'ETER, from <rr»)9os, 'the chest,' 
 and utrpov, 'measure.' An instrument, proposed 
 by Dr. Richard Quain, for measuring the extent 
 of movement of the walls of the chest, as a means 
 of diagnosis in thoracic diseases. It consists of 
 a flat case, not unlike a watch-case, having on its 
 upper surface a graduated dial and index, which 
 is acted on by a simple mechanism. A silk cord, 
 long enough to surround one-half the chest, 
 passes through an aperture in the case. The dial 
 is graduated into fifty equal parts, each of which 
 represents the l-200th of an inch. In using the 
 instrument, the dial is placed firmly against the 
 spine, and the point of the tape over the sternum, 
 or at anjf other spot according to the part to be 
 examined. The extension of the string, as indi- 
 cated by the dial, shows the amount of elasticity 
 of the parietes of the thorax. 
 
 Under the name Thoracom'etcr, Dr. Sibson has 
 described an instrument of his invention, which 
 is employed with a similar view as the stethometer 
 of Dr. Quain. — Med. Chir. Transact., vol. xxxi. 
 STETHOPARAL'YSIS, Paral'ysis vervo'rvm 
 thoru'cis, phrenicorum, &,c. ; from oTtjdog, ' the 
 chest,' and wapa\vaii, 'paralysis.' Palsy of the 
 muscles of the chest. 
 
 STETHORRIIEUMA, Pleurodynia. 
 STETH'OSCOPE, Stetlwscojyium, Stethos'co- 
 pxtm, Echoscop'inm, Psophoiii'eter, TJioracoscop'- 
 ium, from arridos, 'the chest,' and aKO-rrtw, 'I exa- 
 mine.' An instrument invented by Laennec, of 
 Paris, for exploring the chest. The stethoscope, 
 sometimes called Pectoriloque, is a cylinder of 
 wood, from four inches to a foot long; pierced 
 through and through by a longitudinal canal 
 about a quarter of an inch in diameter. The 
 longer are generally composed of two portions, 
 that fit together by means of a screw, one of 
 which is hollowed at the extremity, in the shape 
 of a funnel. These two portions being screwed 
 to each other, the physician lays hold of the in- 
 strument, as he would of a pen, puts the funnel- 
 shaped extremity on the chest of the patient, and 
 applies his ear to the other. To explore the pul- 
 sations of the heart, the funnel is plugged up by 
 a piece of the same kind of wood accurately 
 adapted to it, and pierced by a canal of the same 
 width as that in the body of the instrument. 
 Stethoscopes are sometimes flexible, like the 
 flexible ear-trumpet. 
 
 This mode of examining affections of the chest, 
 Steth'oscojjy, Stethoseop'ia, &c., is what Laennec 
 terms Auscultation mediate, 3/ediate Auscultation. 
 STETHOSCOPIA, see Auscultation, and Ste- 
 thoscope. 
 
 STETnOSCOP'IC, Siethoscop'icus, (F.) StStho- 
 ecopique. Same etj'mon as Stethoscope. Fur- 
 nished by stethoscopy or auscultation, — as a 
 ' stelhoscopic sign.' 
 
 STETHOSCOPY, see Stethoscope. 
 STETHUS, Thorax. 
 STEW, Stove. 
 
 STHENI'A, Steni'a, Diath'esis sthen'ica. Sta- 
 tus sthen'icus. Vis nucta, from a5-ivog, 'strength,' 
 'power.' Excess of strength ; excitement of the 
 organic actions. A word used, especially by the 
 Brunonians, as well as Asthenia, — its antitheton. 
 Sthenic or dynamic diseases are such as depend 
 upon excessive excitement. 
 STHENICUS, Active. 
 STHENOPYRA, Synocha. 
 
STIBI 
 
 870 
 
 STOMACH 
 
 STIBI, Antimonium. 
 
 STIBIALIS. Antimonial. 
 
 STIB'IALISM, Stibiah's'mus, from stibium, 
 ' antimony.' The aggregate phenomena produced 
 hy antimonials, when given in large quantities: — 
 antimonial intoxication or poisoning. 
 
 STIBIATUS TARTRIS LIXIVIA, Antimo- 
 nium tartarizatuni. 
 
 STIBII BUTYRUM, Antimonium muriatum 
 
 — s. Deuto-murias sublimatus, Antimonium mu- 
 riatum — s. et Potassse deuto-tartras, Antimonium 
 tartarizatum — s. Hydrosulphuretum rubrum, An- 
 timonii sulphuretum rubrum — s. Oxidum acido 
 muriatico oxygenato paratum, Algaroth — s. Oxi- 
 dum album mediante nitro confectum, Antimo- 
 nium diaphoreticum — s. Oxidum pra3cipitando 
 paratum, Algaroth — s. Oxodes album, Antimo- 
 nium diaphoreticum — s. Oxodes sulphuretum, 
 Antimonii sulphuretum praecipitatum — s. Oxydi 
 sulphurati hydro-sulphuretum luteum, Antimonii 
 sulphuretum preecipitatum — s. Oxydulati sulphu- 
 retum, Antimonii sulphuretum praBcipitatum' — s. 
 Oxydulum vitreatum, Antimonii vitrum — s. Oxy- 
 dum semivitreura, Antimonii vitrum — s. Ox}'dum 
 sulphuratum, Oxydum stibii sulphuratum- — s. 
 Subhj'drosulphas, Antimonii sulphuretum rubrum 
 
 — s. Submurias prsecipitando paratum, Algaroth 
 
 — s. Sulphurati hydrosulphuretum rubrum, An- 
 timonii sulphuretum rubrum- — s. Sulphuretum 
 nigrum, Antimonium — s. Vitrum, Antimonii 
 vitrum. 
 
 STIBTO-DEBMIC, see Unguentum antimonii. 
 
 STIBIOSUM HYDROSULPHURETUM 
 CUM SULPHURE, Antimonii sulphuretum 
 prfficipitatum — s. Oxidum, Antimonium diaphore- 
 ticum. 
 
 STIBIUM, Antimonium. 
 
 STICHAS ARABICA, Lavendula stoechas. 
 
 STICKWORT, Agrimonv. 
 
 STICTA PULMONACEA, Lichen pulmo- 
 narius. 
 
 STIFF JOINT, MUSCULAR, Contractura. 
 
 Stiff Joints. Milk sicliness. 
 
 STIFFNECK, Torticollis. 
 
 STIGMA. Cicatricula. 
 
 STIGMATA, see Ntevus. The breathing pores 
 of insects are so called. 
 
 Stig'matA Ovario'rum, Cicatri'c-es Ovnrio'rvm. 
 The cicatrices left in the ovary after the escape 
 of ova. 
 
 STILBOMA, Cosmetic. 
 
 STILL, Alembic. 
 ' STILLA, Gutta. 
 
 STILLATIO SANGUINIS E NARIBUS, 
 Epistaxis. 
 
 STILLBORN, (F.) 3fort-ne. Born still or 
 lifeless, — dead born. 
 
 STILLICID'IUM, SiilstiVhm, from stilla, 'a 
 drop.' This term is often used synonymously with 
 Stranfiury, It means the flow of any fluid — par- 
 ticularly the urine — drop by drop. Also a kind 
 of embrocation, Stillicid'ivm svpra partem, effected 
 by dropping a liquid upon a part. 
 
 Stillioidiijm Lacrymarum, Epiphora — s. Na,- 
 rium, Coryza — s. Sanguinis e naribus, Epistaxis 
 — s. Supra partem, see Stillicidium. 
 
 STILLIN'GIA, S. sylvat'ica, Queen's Hoot, 
 Queen's delight, Yaiv root, Mnr'cory, Cochiip hat. 
 An indigenous plant, which grows in pine bar- 
 rens, from Virginia to Florida. Sex. Syst. Mo- 
 noecia Monadelphia. Nat. Ord. Euphorbiacea?. 
 The root — ■ Stillingia, Ph. IT. S. — is said to be 
 used in syphilis, obstinate cutaneous affections, 
 (fee. like sarsaparilla. 
 
 STIMATO'SIS, Stymatosis, E(Bmorrhag"ia 
 
 Penis, &tymatorrhog"ia. PhaUorrhag"ia, Caulor- 
 
 rhag"ia,U-ova arvjia, ' priapism,' itself from arvsiv, 
 
 ■ 'to erect.' Hemorrhage from the male organ, 
 
 accompanied or not with priapism. 
 
 STIMMI, Antimonium. 
 
 STIM'ULANT, Stim'ulans, Ex'citana, In'ci- 
 tans, Iiicetiti'vum, Irri'tans, Exci'tant, Inci'tant, 
 Hypersthenic, Pyretogenet'ic, from stimulare, 'to 
 goad.' A medicine which has the power of ex- 
 citing the organic action of the different systems 
 of the economy. Some stimulants are diffusible, 
 — that is, have a prompt but temporary action ; 
 others are permanent or persistent. The action 
 of stimulants is called Stimula'tion, Stimnla'iio, 
 Jncita'tio. 
 
 The chief stimulants are the following: ^ther 
 Sulphuricus, Ammonia, Asafoetida, Brucia, Cam- 
 phora, Capsicum, Castoreum, Cinnamomum, Co- 
 paiba, Cubeba, Guaiacum, Hydrargyri Prsepa- 
 rata, lodinium, Nux Vomica, Olea Essentialia, 
 Opium (in small dose). Piper, Sinapis, Strychnia, 
 Zingiber, — Alcohol, Caloric, Electricity, Mental 
 Emotions, (the Impetuous.) 
 
 STIM'ULUS, "a goad.' Jncitamen'tnm, Irri- 
 ta'men, Irritamcn'tum, Poten'tia Irri'tans. Any 
 thing which excites the animal economy. 
 
 STINE, Hordeolum. 
 
 STINK POKE, Dracontium foetidum — s.Weed, 
 Chenopodium anthelraintieum. Datura stramo- 
 nium, Polnnisia graveolens. 
 
 STIPATIO, Stegnosis. 
 
 Stipatio TeLjE Cellulo's^ Inpant'um. In- 
 duration of the cellular tissue of children. 
 
 STIROSIS, Sterilitas. 
 
 STITCH, same root as sticlc, Sax. j-rician, (G.) 
 stecken, (Sc.) Stonnd, (Prov.) Dag, (F.) Point, 
 (L.) Punetum ; (from pungere, punctum, 'to prick 
 or sting.') An acute lancinating pain, like that 
 produced by the puncture of a sharp needle. 
 
 Stitch, Cohmox. Suture, common — s. Royal, 
 see Suture — s. in the Side, Pleurodv'iia. 
 
 STIZOLOBIUM, Doliehos pruriens. 
 
 STLENGIS. Stridor dentium. 
 
 STOBiE'A RUBRICAU'LIS. A South Afri- 
 can plant, Nat. Ord. Compositse. A tincture of 
 the bruised roots is diuretic, and of great service 
 in sravel. 
 
 STOCKING, LACED, (F.) Bas lassL A ban- 
 dage used by surgeons, which consists of a stock- 
 ing made of firm cloth or dog-skin, admitting of 
 being tightly laced anterior!)'. It is employed 
 in varices and ulcers of the legs. 
 
 STCECHAS ARABICA, Lavendula stoechas. 
 
 STCECHIOL'OGY, Stcechiolog"ia, [F.) Stachi- 
 ologie ; from aToi)(ziov, 'element,' and \oyoi, 'a 
 discourse.' A treatise, or the theory, of elements ; 
 hence of the elementary parts of organized sub- 
 stances. 
 
 STOICHEION, Element. 
 
 STOMA, Mou^h. 
 
 STOMAC'ACE, Stomaioc'ace, Stomal'gia, La- 
 brisul'cium, Cheiloc'ace, Uloc'ace, Cheilomala'- 
 cia, Stomatono'ma, Stomutonecro'sis, Cancer Oris, 
 Canker, from orona, 'the mouth,' and Kaitoi, 
 'evil.' Foetor of the mouth with a bloody dis- 
 charge from the gums. (F.) Cancer aquatique / 
 see Cancer Aquaticus. Also, Scurvy. 
 
 Stojiacace, Porphyra nautica — s. Gangraeno- 
 sum. Cancer aquaticus — s. Universale, Purpura 
 ha3morrhagica. 
 
 STOMACAL, Stomachal. 
 
 STOMACALGIA, Cardialgia. 
 
 STOMACH, Stoni'achus, Ventric'ulus. Nedys, 
 Anocce'lia, Gaster, Glnttu' patens, Jtlaw, fof ani- 
 mals,) (Sc.) Kyte, Pechan, (Prov.) Warison,{F.) 
 Estomac, from arofia. 'a mouth.' One of the 
 principal organs of digestion. It is a musculo- 
 membranous reservoir; continuous, on the one 
 side, with the oesophagus ; on the other, with the 
 duodenum. It is situate beneath the diaphragm, 
 between the liver and the spleen ; and occupies 
 the epigastrium and a part of the left hypochon- 
 drium. In it the food is converted into chyme. 
 
STOMACHAL 
 
 871 
 
 STOMATO-GASTRIC 
 
 When viewed externally, the stomach has, 1. An 
 anterior face, which looljs a little upwards. 2. 
 An inferior face, directed downwards. 3. An 
 inferior or colic margin, which is convex and ex- 
 tensive, and is called the greater curvature, (F.) 
 Grand courbure. It gives origin to the omentum 
 miijus. 4. A superior or diaphragmatic margin, 
 which is shorter, concave, and is called the lesser 
 curvature, (F.) Petit courbure. The lesser omen- 
 tum is attached to this. 5. A left or oesophageal 
 orifice, called, also, the cardia, Oa ventric'nli or 
 tipper orifice. 6. A right ox intestinal, or inferior 
 orifice, called the pylorus. 7. A considerable 
 dilatation, situate to the left of the cardia and 
 greater curvature — the great tuberositt/ or 
 great cul-de-sac or fundus of the stomach; 
 and, 8. A less extensive dilatation, situate 
 lo the right of the greater curvature, — the 
 lesser tuberosity or lesser cul-de-sac, Antrum 
 Pylo'ri. The inner surface of the stomach is of 
 a reddish-white colour, and has a marbled ap- 
 pearance. It is constantly covered by thick mu- 
 cus, and is lined by a mucous membrane, which 
 presents numerous wrinkles. The parietes of 
 the stomach consist of three membranes in super- 
 position. The outermost is serous, and is an ex- 
 tension of the peritoneum. The middle coat is 
 muscular, — some of its fibres running longitudi- 
 nally ; others, transversely, and others obliquely. 
 The innermost membrane is of a mucous nature, 
 Crusta viUo'sa ventric'nli, Gastro-niycod' eris, but 
 not exactly a continuation of the membrane that 
 lines the oesophagus. The mucous and muscu- 
 lar membranes form, at the pylorus, a valve, 
 called the Pyloric valve. These three coats are 
 united by a dense, close, areolar membrane; and, 
 between the mucous and muscular coats, along 
 the two curvatures especially, is a quantity of 
 muciparous glands, called Glands of Brunner. 
 The arteries of the stomach are very numerous, 
 and proceed from the coronaria ventriculi, the 
 pyloric, splenic, and right and leftgastro-epiploic. 
 The veins have the same name, and pursue the 
 same course as the arteries. They pour their 
 blood into the trunk of the vena porta. Its lym- 
 phatic vessels are very numerous, and pass into 
 ganglia, situate along the two curvatures. The 
 nerves of the stomach proceed from the pneumo- 
 gastric, and three divisions of the coeliac plexus. 
 Stomach Cell, see Favulus — s. Disease, Li- 
 mosis. 
 
 Stomach, First, Ingluvies. 
 Stomach Pump, Gastren'chyta, Antli'a gas'- 
 trica, (F.) Pompe pour I'estomac. A useful in- 
 strument for conveying fluids to the stomach, 
 when deglutition is impracticable, and for pump- 
 ing out the contents of that organ. It consists 
 of a forcing syringe, to the bottom and nozzle of 
 which flexible tubes can be attached. When the 
 object is to force fluids into the stomach, the 
 stomach-tube must be attached to the nozzle, and 
 passed down the throat, — the tube connected 
 with the bottom of the syringe being placed in 
 the fluid to be injected. To empty the stomach, 
 the stomach-tube must be attached to the bottom 
 of the instrument. This instrument has been of 
 great service where poisons have been taken. 
 The antidote, when any exists, and is at hand, 
 should be administered immediately prior to its 
 use. 
 
 The stomach pump was first employed in 
 America by Dr. Physick, in the year 1812. 
 
 Stomach, Second, Proventriculus — s. Sick, 
 Milk sickness — s. Third, Ventriculus callosus. 
 Stomach Tube, see Tube, oesophageal. 
 STOM'ACHAL, Stomach'ic, Stomach'ical, Car- 
 di'acus, Stomach'icus, Stomacha'lis, Viscera'lis, 
 (F.) Stomacal, Stomachique. That which belongs 
 to the stomach ; that which is good for the sto- 
 
 mach; which strengthens the stomach. A me- 
 dicine that gives tone to the stomach. 
 
 STOMACHALGIA, Cardialgia. 
 
 STOMACHI RESOLUTIO, Dyspepsia. 
 
 STOMACHIC, Stomachal. 
 
 STOMACHICAL. Stomachal. 
 
 STOMACHIQUE, Stomachal. 
 
 STOM'ACHUS, from arofia, 'mouth.' This 
 word has been used in several diiferent accepta- 
 tions; for example, for the oesophagus, for the 
 cardiac orifice of the stomach, (see Cardia,) and 
 for the stomach itself. Hippocrates calls the neck 
 of the bladder oro/ia^^of kuotews; and the neck of 
 the uterus tt]'; uriTpa; aTOiiay(^os. 
 
 STOMAL'GIA, Stomatul'yia, Stomatodyn'in, 
 from arojia, 'mouth,' and aAyoj, 'pain;' Pain in 
 the mouth. 
 
 STOMAPYRA, AphthjB— s. Aphtha, Aphthije. 
 
 STOMATALGIA, Stomalgia. 
 
 STOMATEL'CIA, Stomateko'sts ,- from trro/xa, 
 dTo/jiaros, ' the mouth,' and 'tA/cof, ' an ulcer.' Ul- 
 ceration of the mouth. 
 
 STOMAT'IA, Stomatopathi' a ; from cTOjia, 
 cToixaros, 'the mouth.' Disease of the mouth. 
 
 STOMAT'IC, Stomat'icus, from aro/ia, oTOfiaTog, 
 'mouth.' A medicine used in diseases, &c., of 
 the mouth. Dentifrices, masticatories, &c., are 
 stomatics. 
 
 STOaiATITE APHTHEUSE, Stomatitis, 
 aphthous — s. Oharbunnense, Cancer aquaticus — 
 s. Couenneiise, Stomatitis, pseudo-membranous — 
 s. Cremeuse pultacee, Aphtha} — s. Follienleuse, 
 Stomatitis, aphthous — s. Gangrenense, Cancer 
 aquaticus — s. Mercurielle, see Salivation, mercu- 
 rial — s. IJlcereuse, Stomatitis, aphthous. 
 
 STOMATI'TIS, from crro/.a, cro^aro<;, 'the 
 mouth,' and itis, denoting inflammation. (F.) 
 Inflammation de la Bouche ; Inflammation of the 
 mouth. 
 
 Stomatitis, Aphthous, S. follic' ular ov ul'ce- 
 rous, Em'phlysis Aphtha, A. Adulto'rnm, (F.) 
 Stomatite, S. ophtheuse ou follienleuse ou ulcS- 
 reuse. An inflammation of the follicles of the 
 mouth, constituting the aphthse of the adult, 
 which is generally accompanied by cephalic, gas- 
 trie, and general disturbance. It may be either 
 discrete or confluent, and requires general and 
 local treatment, adapted to the case. 
 
 Stomatitis, Erythem'atous. Simple inflam- 
 mation of the mouth. 
 
 Stomatitis, Exsudativa, Aphthae — s. Follicu- 
 lar, S. aphthous — s. Gangrenous, Cancer aquati- 
 cus — s. Materna, Stomatitis of nursing women. 
 
 Stomatitis, Mercu'rial, S. mercuria'Us, Hy- 
 drargyrostom' a.tis, Hydrargyrostomati'tis. In- 
 flammation of the mouth induced by mercury. 
 
 Stomatitis of Nursing-women, S. Nutri'dim 
 seu Mater'na, appears to be a variety of S. aph- 
 thous. 
 
 Stomatitis Nutricdm, Stomatitis of nursing- 
 women. 
 
 Stomatitis, Pseudomem'branous, (F.) Stoma- 
 tite couenneuse, Diphtherite buccale. Pseudo-mem- 
 branous inflammation of the mouth; — in its 
 worst form, Stomatyphus, (F.) Fegarite. Inflam- 
 mation of the mouth accompanied by the exuda- 
 tion of a false membrane, — a disease which is 
 rarely seen except in large foundling establish- 
 ments. 
 
 Stomatitis, Ulcekous, S. aphthous — s. Vesi- 
 culosa infantum, Aphthse. 
 
 STOMATOCACE, Stomacace. 
 
 STOMATODYNIA, Stomalgia. 
 
 STOMATO - GASTRIC, Sto'mato -gas'tricus, 
 Stomo-gastric, Stomo-gaa'tricus, from aro/ia, aro- 
 naTOi, 'the mouth,' and yaarrip, 'the stomach.' 
 Appertaining to the mouth and stomach, — as the 
 stomato-gastric ganglia of the lower animals. See 
 Encephalon and Nerves. 
 
STOMATOMALACIA PUTRIDA 872 
 
 STRANGULATION 
 
 STOMATOMALACIA PUTRIDA, Cancer 
 aquaticus. 
 
 STOMATONECROSIS, Cancer aquaticus, Sto- 
 macace. 
 
 STOMATONOMA, Stomaeace. 
 
 STOMATOPA'NUS, from arona, oToyiaTos, ' the 
 mouth,' and Ttavoi, '& glandular tumour.' Sto- 
 matophy'ma glandidosum, Panus Fau'cium. Tu- 
 mefaction of the glands of the mouth. 
 
 STOMATOPIIY'MA.from aTOjxa, cToyiaTOi, 'the 
 mouth,' and (pv^a, ' a swelling.' A swelling in 
 the mouth. 
 
 Stomatophysia Glandulosum, Stomatopanus. 
 
 STOMATOPLAS'TIC, Stomatoplas'ticus; from 
 cTcita, aTO/iaros, ' the mouth,' and n^aaao), ' I form.' 
 An epithet for the operation of forming a mouth, 
 ■where the aperture has been contracted from any 
 cause. Stomatoplas'ty. 
 
 STOMATORRHAG"IA, Stomatorrhce'a, Hcb- 
 morrhag"ia oris sea fau'cium, San'guinis proflu'- 
 rium ex Ore, HmmorrhoVdes Oris, Stomato'sis, 
 Stomorrhag"ia, (F.) Hemorrhagie buccale, from 
 oTciya, (TTa/iaroi, ' the mouth,' and priyvviit, 'I break 
 out.' Hemorrhage from the mouth. 
 
 Stomatorrhagia Alveolouum, Phatnorrha- 
 gia — s. Gingivarum, Ulorrhagia. 
 
 STOMATORRIICEA, Stomatorrhagia. 
 
 STOMATOSCOPE, from aTufxa, UTonaroi, 
 'mouth,' and cKoiieu>, 'I view.' Any instrument 
 for keeping the mouth open, so as to permit the 
 parts within to be inspected ; Speculum oris. 
 
 STOMATOSEPSIS, Cancer aquaticus. 
 
 STOMATOSIS, Stomatorrhagia, 
 
 STOMATOSPASMUS, Trismus. 
 
 STOMATYPHUS, Stomatitis, pseudomembra- 
 nous. 
 
 STOMENCEPHALUS, Stomocephalus. 
 
 STOMOCEPH'ALUS, Stomenceph'alus, (F.) 
 Stomocephcde, Stomencephale ; from cTOjxa, 
 ' mouth,' and Kc<pa\rj, 'head.' A genus of mon- 
 sters, having two contiguous eyes, or a double eye 
 occupying the median line ; the nasal apparatus 
 atrophied and forming a tube (trompe) ; the jaws 
 rudimental ; and the mouth imperfect or want- 
 ing.— I. G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 STOMOMANICON, Platysma myoides. 
 
 STOMORRHAGIA, Stomatorrhagia. 
 
 STONE IN THE BLADDER, Calculi, vesical 
 — s. Binder, Osteocolla — s. Crop, Sedura — s. 
 Crop, biting, Sedum — s. Mint, Cunila mariana — 
 s. Pock, Acne — s. Root, Collinsonia Canadensis. 
 
 STONES, THE, Testes. 
 
 STOOL, Dejeetio. 
 
 Stool, Calomel, see Calomel. 
 
 STORAX, Styras — s. Liquida, Liquidambar 
 styraciflua. 
 
 STOREY'S WORM CAKES. An empirical 
 preparation, formed oi calomel "^i, jalap) ^j, zin- 
 gib. Qij, sacch. ^j, cinnab. antim. q. s. to colour 
 them ; sprup. simpl. q. s. to make into cakes. 
 
 STORKEILL, Geranium maculatum. 
 
 STOUND, Stitch. 
 
 STOVE, ^stua'yjum, Stupha. Old French, JEs- 
 tuve; a Stew, (F.) Etuve. A limited space, warm- 
 ed artificially, and in which the air is slowly re- 
 newed. It is used for drying various substances, 
 as plants, extracts, conserves, &c., or for taking 
 vapour baths. In this case, the steio or stove is 
 said to be wet or humid ; in the opposite case, it 
 is said to be dry, (P.) seche. The latter, which 
 is used by the Turks, is the Lacon'icum or Cali- 
 da'rium of the Romans. The former is their 
 Tepida'rium or Vapora'riiim. These kinds of 
 baths greatly excite the cutaneous transpiration ; 
 and are valuable agents in rheumatic and other 
 affections. 
 
 STRABL see Strabismus. 
 
 STRABILISMOS, Strabismus. 
 
 STRABIS'MUS, Strabilis'mos, Parop'sis Stra- 
 
 bismtts, from arpaPo;, 'twisted,' 'one who squints;* 
 Strabos'itas, Loxoplitlial'mus, Distor'sio, Lus'citas, 
 Illo'sis, llo'sis, Helo'sis, Squinting, Cross eye, 
 (Prov.) Doyle, Gleeing, (Se.) Skellie, Skeehj, (F.) 
 Strabisme, Vue louche, Louchement. Want of 
 concordance of the optic axes. It may be de- 
 pendent upon natural or acquired inequality in 
 the action of the motor muscles of the eye; on a 
 convulsive state of one of those muscles ; a dif- 
 ference in the sensibility of the two eyes; or a 
 cerebral affection. In the treatment, if the dis- 
 ease seem to depend upon an excess of strength 
 in one of the motor muscles, we must endeavour 
 to give tone to that which is too weak, by placing 
 before the eye a mask having a small aperture 
 on the side to which it is necessary to direct the 
 pupil ; or by wearing glasses, provided with a 
 piece of looking-glass, on the side to which the 
 eye is vitiously turned; so that the reflection 
 may be inconvenient, and occasion the organ to 
 be turned in an opposite direction ; or by putting 
 a black patch on the angle opposite to that to 
 which the eye is turned. If owing to weakness, 
 the organ must be strengthened by being ex- 
 erted alone, and by leaving the other at rest. 
 If the disease be symptomatic of cerebral affec- 
 tion, attention must, of course, be directed to the 
 latter. 
 
 Strabismus may be single, or affect one eye 
 only, or double, and it may be convergent or di- 
 vergent. 
 
 Those affected with Strabismus are called Strn- 
 bi, Strabo'nes, Strabo'ni, Strebli, Illi, lU'ides, 
 Squint'ers, Squint-eyed, (Sc.) Gleyed, (F.) Loaches, 
 Bigles. A slight deviation is generally called a 
 Cast in the Eye, and, sometimes, a Cock-eye. 
 
 Strabismus, Convergent, see Strabismus — s. 
 Divergent, see Strabismus' — -s. Double, see Stra- 
 bismus — s. Single, see Strabismus. 
 
 STRABONES, see Strabismus. 
 
 STRABONL see Strabismus. 
 
 STRABOSITAS, Strabismus. 
 
 STRABOT'OMY, Strabotom'ia, from arpa^og, 
 'one who squints,' and to/ij;, 'incision.' The 
 operation for the removal of squinting by the 
 division of the muscle or muscles that distort the 
 eye-ball. 
 
 STRAE-DEATH, see Death. 
 
 STRAIN, Sprain. 
 
 Strain, colore, (P.) couler, from arpayytLV, 
 striiigere, (F.) estreindre, 'to constrict or squeeze.' 
 To pass decoctions, infusions, Ac, forcibly through 
 linen ; also, to exert an effort. This is accom- 
 plished bj' fixing firmly the parts where the mus- 
 cles to be exerted originate, in order that their 
 full power may be developed. 
 
 STRAINING, Nisus. 
 
 STRAITS OF THE PELVIS, see Pelvis. 
 
 STRA3T0WE, Datura stramonium. 
 
 STRAMONIA, Datura stramonium. 
 
 STRAMONIUM, Datura stramonium— s. Foe- 
 tidum, Datura stramonium — s. Majus album, Da- 
 tura stramonium — s. Spinosum, Datura stramo- 
 nium — s. Vulgatum, Datura stramonium. 
 
 STRANGAL'IDES, from <rr(.ayyu, 'I com- 
 press.' Small, hard tumours, which form, as in 
 the breast when the milk does not find issue. 
 
 STRANGALION, Tubercle. 
 
 STRANGALIS, Tubercle. 
 
 STRANGALISMUS, Strangulation. 
 
 STRANGERS' FEVER, see Fever, strangers'. 
 
 STRANGULATIO, Orthopncea, Strangulation 
 — s. Uterina, Angone. — s. Vulvse, Hysteria, 
 
 STRANGULA'TION, StrangulaJ tio, Pnix, 
 Pnig'mos, Strangalis'mns, (F.) Etranglement, 
 Strangidation. From arpayyij}, 'I constrict Oi 
 squeeze.' State of a part too closely constricted 
 Thus we say that there is strangidation of an iu 
 
STRANGULATOR 
 
 873 
 
 STROPHULUS 
 
 testinal hernia, when the opening that gives pas- 
 sage to the portion of protruded intestine con- 
 tracts, so as to intercept the continuity of the 
 digestive canal. In Legal 3Iedicine, it means the 
 forcible obstruction of the air passages, by a 
 ligature or by the hand, for criminal purposes. 
 See Suffocation. 
 
 STRANGULATOR, see Lycoides. 
 STRANGURIA, Enuresis— s. Cruenta, Cystor- 
 rhagia. 
 
 STRANGURIE, Strangury— .«. 3Ienstruelle, 
 Dysmenorrhoea. 
 
 STRANGU'RIOUS ; same etymon as the next. 
 Affected with, or of the nature of, strangury. 
 
 STRAN'GURY, Strangu'ria, Paru'ria stilla- 
 ti'tia, from arpayyuv, 'to squeeze,' and ovpov, 
 'urine:' Dynu'ria, Uri'ncB Stillicid'ium seu Suh- 
 atil'luni, (F.) Strangurie. Extreme difficulty in 
 evacuating the urine, which issues onlj^ drop by 
 drop, and is accompanied with heat, pain, tenes- 
 mus at the neck of the bladder, <fec. See Ischuria, 
 and Retention. 
 
 STRAPPING, WATER, see Water -dressing 
 — s. Wet, see Water-dressing. 
 
 STRATHPEFFER, MINERAL WATERS 
 OP. A sulphuretted water, at Strathpeffer, a few 
 miles west from Dingwall, in Ross-shire, Scot- 
 land. It contains sulphate of soda, sulphate of 
 lime, chloride of sodium, sulphate of magnesia, 
 and sulpho-hydric acid. 
 
 STRATIOTES, Achillea millefolium. 
 STRATUM BACILLATUxM, see Tunica Ja- 
 eobi — s. Corneum, Epidermis — s. Malpighii, Cor- 
 pus mucosum — s. Pigmenti, see Choroid — s. Pro- 
 ligerum, Proligerous disc. 
 
 STRAWBERRY, Fragaria— s. Bush, Euony- 
 mus Americanus — s. Shrubby, Rubus arcticus — 
 s. Tree, Euonymus Americanus — s. Wild, Fragaria 
 Virginiana. 
 
 STREAK, PRIMITIVE, Groove, primitive. 
 STREATHAM, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Streatham is a village near London. The waters 
 are saline and cathartic. 
 STREBLI, see Strabismus. 
 STREBLOSIS, Luxation. 
 STREMMA, Luxation, Sprain. 
 STREPITO'SUS MORBUS. ' Noisy disease.' 
 A kind of flatulent disease, said by Sorbait to be 
 not uncommon in the Austrian Alps, in which 
 emphysematous tumours form on different parts 
 of the body, — accompanied by sonorous excre- 
 tion of gas by the mouth and anus. 
 
 STREPITUS AURIUiM, Tinnitus aurium. 
 STRETCHING, Pandiculation. 
 STRIjE, Vibices — s. Ciliares, Ciliary processes 
 — s. Cornese, Tenia semicircularis — s. Longitudi- 
 nales Lancisii, see Corpus callosum — s. Medul- 
 lares, see Processes teretes — s. RetinsB subjectse 
 ligamento ciliari. Halo signatus — s. Semilunares, 
 Tfenia semicircularis — s. Terminales, Taenia semi- 
 circularis — s. Transversales AVillisii, see Corpus 
 callosum. 
 
 STRIATED MUSCULAR FIBRE, see Mus- 
 cular fibre. 
 
 STRIATUS, Cannele, Grooved, see Corpora 
 striata. 
 
 STRIBILTGO, Efflorescence. 
 STRICTURA, Stricture — s. Ani, Stricture of 
 the rectum — s. Intestini recti, Stricture of the 
 rectum — s. Intestini recti spasraodica. Stricture 
 of the rectum, spasmodic — s. Qllsophagi callosa. 
 Dysphagia constricta — s. ffisophagi spasmodiea, 
 ffisophagismus — s.Pharyngis seu oesophagi vera, 
 Dysphagia constricta — s. Praeputii, Phimosis — 
 s. UrethriB, Urethrostenosis — s. Ventriculi, Stric- 
 ture of the stomach. 
 
 STRICTURE, Strictu'ra, from stringere, stria- 
 tum, 'to tie hard.' Cnarctn'tio, Stegno'ais, (F.) 
 Retrecissement. A diminution or contracted con- 
 
 dition of some tube or duct, as the oesophagus, 
 rectum, urethra, &o. This must be dilated by 
 appropriate bougies. Strictures maj', also, occur 
 in the intestines: they are unmanageable, with 
 the exception of those of the rectum, which admit 
 of topical applications. 
 
 Sthictoee of the (Esophagus, Dysphagia 
 constricta — s. of the Pharynx, Dysphagia con- 
 stricta. 
 
 Stricture of the Rectum, Spasmod'ic, Stric- 
 tu'ra Intesti'ni Recti Kpasmod'ica, Obstruc'tio Recti 
 spas' tica. An affection occurring in the nervous 
 especially, which subsides spontaneously, after a 
 longer or shorter continuance. 
 
 Stricture of the rectum, Strictu'ra Am' seu In- 
 testi'ni Recti, Archostegno'ma, Rectosteno'sis, Eu- 
 tliy enterosteno' via. Arch ostegno' sis, Archosteiio'sis, 
 Proctoencli' sis, Aiigvsta'tio et Restric'tio intestini 
 recti seu ani, Stenocho'ria intesti'ni recti, Procto- 
 steno'sis organ'ica, occurs also organically, and is 
 a very serious affection ; being generally depend- 
 ent upon scirrhus. 
 
 Stiucture of the Stomach, Gastrosteno'sis, 
 Coarcta'tio seu Strictu'ra venlric'uli. See Gas- 
 trostenosis cardiaca, &e. 
 
 Stricture of the Urethra, Urethrostenosis 
 
 — s. of the Urinary bladder, Cystostenochoria — 
 s. Vesicae urinarise, Cystostenochoria. 
 
 STRIDOR DENTl'UM, Brygmus. 
 
 STRIGA CARTILAGINOSA CORDIS, Isth- 
 mus of the fossa ovalis. 
 
 STRIGIL, Strig'ilis, Stlen'gis, SteJen'gis. A 
 flesh-brush. Also, an instrument, anciently used 
 in the baths, for scraping off the sweat. 
 
 STRIPED MUSCULAR FIBRE, see Muscu- 
 lar fibre. 
 
 STROBILITFTES, from arpofiiUi, stro'bihcs, 
 'a cone of the pine.' Wine impregnated with 
 the cones of the pine. 
 
 STROEMIA, Cadaba. 
 
 STROKE, APOPLECTIC. An apoplectic 
 seizure. 
 
 Stroke, Back, of the Heart, Impulse, dia- 
 stolic. 
 
 Stroke, Paralyt'ic. A sudden attack of en- 
 cephalo-spinal paralysis. 
 
 STROMA, Strag'ulum, Stramen'tum ; cTpu>na, 
 'a bed or couch,' from orpMi/mu, crrpui'vujui, 'to 
 spread out; to cover.' The bed or foundation- 
 texture of an organ, — as the stroma of the ovary. 
 Applied, also, to the bed or base of any deposit 
 
 — as the 'amorphous stroma' of scrofulous de- 
 posits. 
 
 STROMBULCUS, Forceps (bullet.) 
 
 STRONGLE, Strongylus— s.G'eaji/, Strongylus 
 gigas. 
 
 STRON'GYLUS, from crrpoyyuXoj, 'round.' 
 Hippocrates, Chabert, and others, mean the A'.'- 
 caris lumhrico'i'des by this term. The Strongylus 
 Gigas, Eitatron'gylus gigas, As'caris viscera'Iis 
 seu rena'lis, Fusa'ria viscera'lis et rena'lis, (F.) 
 Strangle, S. gennt, is, however, distinct. It has 
 an obtuse, flat head; mouth surrounded with six 
 flattish papillae : the whole bursa of the male trun- 
 cated : the tail of the female rounded. It is some- 
 times met with, — five inches, a foot, a foot and a 
 half, and even three feet long, — and from two 
 lines to half an inch in diameter. It is occa- 
 sionally found in the human kidney; rarely in 
 other viscera, and still more rarely in the intes- 
 tinal tube. 
 
 Strongylus, Teres. 
 
 STROPHOS, Tormina. 
 
 STROPHULE, Strophulous. 
 
 STROPH'ULUS, Licheni'asia strnjih' vhis, 
 Ehullit"io, E.ranthe'ma seu Exo-'-^^n strophulus, 
 Red Gum, Red Gown, Tooth Rash, White Gum, 
 Mlilk-spots, (F.) Strophule, Feux de dents. It 
 consists of an eruption of red, or sometimes 
 
STROPHUS 
 
 874 
 
 STRTCHNOS 
 
 whitisli pimples, occurring in early infancy, 
 chiefly about the face, neck, and arms, surrounded 
 by a reddish halo ; or interrupted by irregular 
 patches of cutaneous blush. All the varieties 
 under this genus arise in consequence of the ex- 
 treme vascularity and irritability of the skin at 
 this period of life, when the constitution is liable 
 to be disturbed by irritation, either in the ali- 
 mentary canal, gums or other parts. None of 
 these eruptions are of any importance, and no 
 medical treatment is usually necessary. If the 
 stomach seem at all disordered, a little rhubarb 
 and magnesia may be administered occasionally. 
 Willan and Bateman reckon five species, — Stro- 
 jihuluD intertinc'tiw, lied gum or goicn ; S. al'hidus, 
 white gum; S. confer'tus, rank red gum, Tooth 
 rash J S. voJat'icus or Erythe'ma volat'icum, and 
 S. cau'didus. 
 
 Steophulus Sylvestris, Ignis sylvaticus — s. 
 Volaticus, Ignis sylvaticus. 
 STROPHUS, Tormina. 
 STRUCTIO, Structura. 
 
 STRUCTURAL; same etymon as the nest. 
 Of, or belons;ing to, .structure. 
 
 STRUCTURE, Structu'ra, Stnic'tio, Confor- 
 ma'tio, Gntasceu'e, from struei-e, strucfum, ' to 
 build.' The arrangement of the different tissues 
 or organic elements of which animals and vege- 
 tables are composed. See Tissue. 
 STRUMA, Bronchocele, Scrofula. 
 Struma Adipo'sa, Ohes'itas colli. Fatty neck. 
 Prominence of the neck from obesity. 
 STRrifA FcNGOSA, Encephaloid. 
 STRUM ES, Scrofula. 
 STRUM E TJX, Scrofulous. 
 STRUMOSIS CEREBRI, Encephalophymata 
 — s. Pulmnnum, Tubercles of the lungs. 
 STRUMOSUS, Scrofulous. 
 STRUMOUS, Scrofulous. 
 STRUTHIOPH'AGUS, from arpov^wv, 'a 
 young ostrich,' and (payu), '1 eat.' Struthiopha- 
 gous tribes still exist in some parts of Africa. 
 STRUTHIUM, Saponaria. 
 STRUVE'S LOTION FOR HOOPING- 
 COUGH, see Lotion, Struve's, for hooping-cough. 
 STRYCli:^IA,Str7/chni'na,Str,jch'nme,Strfch- 
 lli'num, Stri/ch'nium, Vauqneline, Tet'anine. An 
 alkaline principle; solid, crystalline, inodorous, 
 bitter, and excessively poisonous, which has been 
 found in Strychnos nux vomica, S. Coluhri'na, S. 
 Tieute, Igna'tia ama'ra, Cer'bera There'tia, and 
 C. Ah'i'vai. (Nucia vomir.cs. rasur. ibiv : calcis 
 pulv. ^vj ; acid, niuriat. f ^iij ; alcohol., acid, sul- 
 phuric, dil., liquor. amvionicB, carbon, animal, 
 purif., aqua, aa q. s. Digest the nux vomica in 
 two gallons of water, acidulated with a fluidounce 
 of muriatic acid, for 24 hours: then boil for two 
 hours, and strain with expression through a strong 
 linen bag. Boil the residuum twice successively 
 in the same quantity of acidulated water, each 
 time straining as before. Mix the decoctions, 
 and evaporate to the consistency of thin syrup ; 
 then add the lime previously mixed with a pint 
 of water, and boil for ten minutes, frequently 
 stirring. Pour the mixture into a double linen 
 bag, and having washed the precipitate well with 
 water, press, dry, and powder it. Treat the 
 powder repeatedly with boiling alcohol, until de- 
 prived of its bitterness ; mix the liquors, and dis- 
 til off the alcohol by means of a water-bath. Mix 
 the residue with water, and having applied heat, 
 drop in sufiicient diluted sulphuric acid to neutra- 
 lize and dissolve the strychnia; then add puri- 
 fied animal charcoal ; boil for a few minutes, filter, 
 evaporate, and crystallize. Dissolve the crystals 
 in waier, and add sufiicient solution of ammonia 
 to precipitate the strychnia. Lastly, dry the pre- 
 cipitate on bibulous paper. Ph. U. S.) The ac- 
 tion — therapeutical and toxical — of strychnia on 
 
 OF, 
 
 seu 
 seu 
 
 man and animals is exactly like that of tbe alco- 
 holic extract of nux vomica. It is, however, 
 more active. An eighth of a grain is sufficient 
 to kill a large dog; and a quarter of a grain pro- 
 duces marked effects on the human body, when 
 in health. It has been given in paralysis and 
 other cases like the nux vomica. Dose, one- 
 sixteenth to one-twelfth of a grain. 
 
 Strychnia, Acetate of, Strychnise acetas — 
 s. Hydriodate of, Strychniee hydriodas — s. lodate 
 of, Strychnise iodas — s. Iodide of, Strychnise hy- 
 driodas. 
 
 Strych'nia, I'odibe of Iobhtdrate of, (F.) 
 lodure d'lodhydrate de Strychnine, is made by 
 pouring a solution of ioduretted iodide of j^otas- 
 sium into a solution of a salt of strychnia ; treat- 
 ing the precipitate with boiling alcohol, and crys- 
 tallizing. Used in the same cases as strychnia. 
 Dose, a tenth to a sixth of a grain. 
 
 Strychnia, Muriate of, Strychnise murias — 
 s. Nitrate of, Strychnise nitras — s. Sulphate of, 
 Strychnise sulphas. 
 
 Strychnia and Zinc, Double Iodide 
 Zinc and Strychnia, double iodide of. 
 
 STRYCH'NIA ACE'TAS, Stryrh'nium. 
 Strychni'num ace'ticum, Ace'tas stryth'uii 
 strych'nicus, Ac"etate of Strychnia or Strychnine. 
 This salt is formed by the direct combination of 
 strychnia with acetic acid. It is given in the 
 same cases as pure strychnia. 
 
 Strych'nT/E Hydri'od as, S. iodhy'drns, Strych'- 
 nium hydro'iod' icum, Hydri'odas seu lodhy'dras 
 strych' iiicus, Hydri'odate or Iodide of Strychnia, 
 is prepared by mixing a solution oi iodide of po- 
 tassium with a concentrated solution of acetate of 
 strychnia. 
 
 Strych'nIjE l'ov>AS,Strychni'neB I'odns, Stryeh- 
 ni'nu loda'ta, Strych'nium seu Strychni'num lod'- 
 icum, I'odas Strych' nii seu Strych'nicus, I'odate 
 of Strych'nia or Strychnine. This salt may be 
 formed by adding a concentrated solution of 
 iodic acid to strychnia ; treating with boiling 
 alcohol; filtering, and leaving it to spontaneous 
 evaporation. 
 
 Strych'nia Md'rias, Ifu'riate of Strychnia. 
 (The product of the union of muriatic acid and 
 strychnia.) Used in the same cases as strychnia. 
 Strychnia Nitras, Strych'nium ni'tri cum, Ni- 
 trate of Strychnia or Strychnine, (F.) Nitrate OU 
 Azotate de Strychnine. (The product of the union 
 of nitric acid and strychnia.) Used in the same 
 cases as strychnia. 
 
 Strych'nia Sulphas, Strych'nium sulphu'ri- 
 cum. Sulphate of Strychnia or Strychnine. Has 
 the same properties. 
 
 STRYCHNINA, Strychnia. 
 STRYCHNINE, Strychnia — s. Azotate of, 
 Strychniae nitras. 
 
 STRYCHNINUM, Strychnia. 
 STRYCHNISM, see Strychnos nux vomica. 
 STRYCH'NIUM, Strychnia — s. Aceticum, 
 Strychniae acetas — s. Nitricum, Strychnise nitras 
 — s. Sulphuricum, Strychnise sulphas. 
 
 STRYCHNOS, Solanum dulcamara— s. Colu- 
 brina, see Strychnia, and S. Nux vomica — s. Guia- 
 nensis, see Curare — s. Ignatii, Ignatia amara. 
 
 Strychnos NuxVom'ica, Nux: Vomica, Metel'- 
 la, Caniram, Koochln tree. Nat. Ord. Loga- 
 niacese. Sex. Syst. PentandriaMonogynia. (F.) 
 Vomiquier. A tree of the family Stry/hno'ides, 
 which grows in India, and the seeds of which 
 have been long sold in the shops, under the 
 names, Nux Vomica, Vomic or Poison nut. Bache- 
 lors' buttons, &c., (F.) Noix vomique. For a long 
 time, these seeds were used only for poisoning 
 rats; but subsequently an alcoholic extract was 
 prepared from them, which has been admin- 
 istered in paralytic aflFections, in small doses. 
 Dose of the Alcoholic Extract, Extrac'ium nucia 
 
STRTPHXA 
 
 STYLO-GLOSSUS 
 
 vom'icx spirituo' sum seu nucis vomiccE rcaino'swn 
 seu nucis vom'iccB (tlcnhol'icxtm, (F.) Exlrait alco- 
 holiqiie de noix vomique, one or two grains. It 
 produces a kind of tetanic convulsion in the pa- 
 ralyzed parts, when given to the requisite extent. 
 It has, also, been administered in chronic diar- 
 rhoea and dysentery. When taken to such an 
 extent as to induce toxical phenomena — Stri/ch- 
 nism — it causes, at first, or when given in a 
 smaller dose, greatly augmented excitability of 
 the spinal nervous system, with slight transient 
 paroxysms of spasms of the limbs, and hurried 
 respiration. In larger doses, the excitability is 
 still more developed, with paroxysms of prolonged 
 general tetanic convulsions, laryngismus or con- 
 traction of the glottis, violent efforts of respira- 
 tion, apoplexy, and asphyxia. 
 
 The following is the formula for the prepara- 
 tion .of the Extrac'tum Xucrs Voji'ic^ of the 
 Pharm U. S. Take of Nux vomica, tbj ; Alcohol, 
 a sufficient quantity. Expose the Nux Vomica to 
 steam till it is softened; then, having sliced and 
 dried it, grind it into powder. Introduce it into 
 an apparatus for displacement, and pour alcohol 
 upon it gradually, until the liquid passes without 
 bitterness. Distil off the greater part of the alco- 
 hol from the filtered liquor, and evaporate the 
 residue to the proper consistence. 
 
 The bark is Vne faJie aiu/uftui-a or false enspa- 
 ria bark ; Rohiin. See Brucea antidysenterica. 
 
 The wood of Strychnos Colubri'na, Jlodira 
 caniram, an Indian tree, which contains strychnia, 
 was formerly considered a specific against the 
 bites of venomous animals ; and was recommended 
 by Boerhaave in intermittents. It is the Lignum 
 Colubri'nnm, (F.) Bols de Couleuvre. 
 
 Under the names arpvyrvri, and arpv^voi, differ- 
 ent kinds of nightshade are described by Dio.s- 
 corides. 
 
 Strychnos IcNATir, Tgnatia amara. 
 
 Strychxos Potato'ru.u, Clearing nut. The 
 fruit of a large tree of Silhet, which, when ripe, 
 is sold in the markets of India, and has been in- 
 troduced into those of London, under the name 
 NirmnUees or Nirmillies. One of them is well 
 rubbed for a minute or two around the inside of 
 a vessel containing water, which it purifies by 
 causing the impurities, which the fluid contains. 
 to be deposited through its albumen and casein 
 it is supposed. 
 
 Strychnos Pseudoqui'na, Quina do Campo, 
 of Brazil, is used by the natives as a substitute 
 for cinchona. 
 
 Strychnos Tieute. see Strychnia, and Upas — 
 s. Toxicaria, see Toxifera, and Curare. 
 
 STRYPHNA, Astringents. 
 
 STRYPHNOS, Acerb. 
 
 STUDIOSUS MEDICINE, Philiatros. 
 
 STUDIUM INANE, Aphelxia otiosa. 
 
 STUDY, BROWN, Aphelxia otiosa. 
 
 STUFF, see Medicament. 
 
 STUFFING, Cynanche trachealis. 
 
 STULTITIA, Fatuitas. 
 
 STUMP, (G.) Stumpf, (D.) Stomp, 'a 
 stump ;' also, ' blunt.' (F.) 3foignon. The part 
 remaining from which a limb or other part has 
 been amputated or removed in any manner. Also, 
 the portion of a tooth remaining in the alveolus, 
 after the corona has been removed, (F.) Chicot. 
 
 STUMPFOOT, Kyllosis. 
 
 ^STUNNED. Old French, Estonni, (F.) Bton- 
 ne, (L.) uttonitua, 'astonished.' An epithet, 
 applied to one who, in consequence of a fall or 
 other accident, has received such a concussion 
 of the brain as to deprive him, for a time, of his 
 mental manifestations. 
 
 STUPA, trrvTJ?, Sfupha, Stuppa, otiitttd?, Stu- 
 pei'on. Tow, used in certain surgical apparatuses 
 
 and dressings, (F.) Etoupe. Also, a Stupe, that 
 is, cloth or tow used in fomentations. A flannel 
 or other article wrung out of hot water, plain or 
 medicated, applied to a part, is a stupe. The act 
 of applying such stupe is called stuping. 
 
 STUPE. Stupa. 
 
 STUPEFACIENTIA, Narcotics. 
 
 STUPEFAOTIFS, Narcotics. 
 
 STUPEFACTIO, Narcosis. 
 
 STUPEFIANTS, Narcotics. 
 
 STUPEION, Stupa. 
 
 STVPEUR, Stupor. 
 
 STUPHA, Stove, Stupa. 
 
 STUPIA. Tin. 
 
 STUPIDITAS, Idiotism, Imbecility. 
 
 STUPING, see Stupe. 
 
 STUPOR, Ecplex'is, Eeplex'ia, Consterna'tio, 
 (Se.) Swarff, Swerf, (F.) Stupeur, from stitpere, 
 ' to be stupefied.' Diminished activity of the in- 
 tellectual faculties, often amounting to lethargy. 
 It occurs in many affections, especially in the 
 neuroses. 
 
 Stupor, Narcosis — s. Artuum, Obdormitio — s. 
 Dentium, Htemodia — s. Formicans, Formication 
 — s. Mentis, Fatuitas — s. Yigilans, Catalepsy. 
 
 STUPPE, Stupa. 
 
 STUPRATION, Stuprum. 
 
 STUPRUM, Bapc, Stupra'tion, (F.) Deflora- 
 tion, Viol. Forcible and illicit enjoyment of a 
 married or unmarried female. When committed 
 upon the latter, which is most commonly the 
 case, it is also called, Beflora'tion, Deflora'tio, 
 Devirgina'tio, Vitia'tio, Apanthis'miiH, kc. In 
 judging whether rape has been committed under 
 such circumstances, the state of the genital or- 
 gans ; the age of the individual; and the possibi- 
 lity of accidents and diseases of the parts, will 
 have to be considered. It will be necessary, also, 
 to be acquainted with the evidences of virginity; 
 and to determine, — if signs of virginity no longer 
 exist, — whether its loss be attributable to copu- 
 lation, or to the introduction into the vagina of 
 any other body than the male organ, &c. Recent 
 deflowering can, of course, be much more readily 
 distinguished than that which has taken place 
 some time. 
 
 STUTTERING, Balbuties. 
 
 STYAN, Hordeolum. 
 
 STYE. Hordeolum. 
 
 ST YG MATES. M. J. Cloquet has proposed 
 this word, or Stigmates, from uTtyixn, ' a mark,' 
 to designate the marks, in form of cicatrices, 
 which remain on the peritoneum after the oblite- 
 ration of the neck of a hernial sac. They are, 
 commonly, radiated folds, of a whitish appear- 
 ance, more or less thick, and of a fibrous or fibro- 
 cartilaginous nature. 
 
 STYLET. Specillum. 
 
 STYLI, Styloid processes. 
 
 STYLIFORM, Styloid. 
 
 STYLO, in composition, relating or belonging 
 to the styloid process of the temporal bone. 
 
 STYLO - CERATOIDES, Stylo-hyoideus — s. 
 Cerato-hyoideus, Stylo-hyoideus. 
 
 STYLO -CHONDRO-HYOIDEUS. A name 
 given, by Douglas and Albinus, to a fleshy fasci- 
 culus which the stylo-hyoid muscle sometimes 
 presents, and -which is attached to the lesser 
 cornu of the os hyoides. It is the same fascicu- 
 lus which Santorini calls Stylo-hyoVdes novus, 
 Sti/lo-hyo'ideus alter. 
 
 STYLO-GLOSSUS. A muscle situate at the 
 anterior and superior part of the neck. It is nar- 
 row behind, much broader before; is attached 
 to the styloid process of the temporal bone, and 
 to the stylo-maxillary ligament; and is inserted 
 into the side of the tongue. It raises the base of 
 the tongue and carries it backwards. 
 
STYLO-HYOIDEUS 
 
 876 
 
 SUB-ATLOiDEUS 
 
 STTLO-HYOiDEUS, Stylo-cer' ato-lujotdeus, 
 Stylo-ceratoV des, Stylo-hydides major, (F.) Stylo- 
 hyo'idieii. A muscle, situate at the superior, ante- 
 rior, and lateral part of the neck. It is thin and 
 narrow, — especially posteriorly: anteriorly, it 
 opens to give passage to the tendon of the digas- 
 tricus. It is attached to the styloid process of 
 the temporal bone, and to the body of the os 
 hyoides. It raises the os hyoides, and carries it 
 backwards. 
 
 Stylo-hyoid Ligament is a fibrous, flattened 
 cord, which passes from the styloid process to the 
 lesser cornu of the os hyoides. 
 
 Stylo-hyoid Nerve is the second branch 
 given off by the facial nerve. 
 
 STYLOID, Sly'liform, Styloi'des, GraphioV- 
 des, Graphoi'des, Graphio des, Grapliidoi'des, 
 Belono'des, from trruXof, 'a style,' 'a peg,' 'a pin,' 
 and uhoq, 'shape.' Shaped like a peg or pin. 
 
 Styloid Cornua, see Hyoides os. 
 
 Styloid Proc''esses, Pencil-like Processes, 
 Proca'sus Belo'ides seu Belemno'ides seu BelonoV- 
 des seu Graphio'idea seu GraphoVdes, Styli, are, 
 1. A long and slender process of the temporal 
 bone, to which are attached the stylo-glossus, 
 stylo-pharyngeus, and stylo-hyoideus muscles, 
 and the stylo-hyoid and stylo-maxillary liga- 
 ments. 2. Two slender and pyramidal processes 
 at the inferior extremities of the radius and ulna. 
 
 STYLO-MASTOID, Styh-mastoideus. That 
 ■which relates to the styloid and mastoid pro- 
 cesses. 
 
 Stylo-mastoid Arteby arises from the poste- 
 rior auricular, and, in some subjects, from the 
 occipital. It enters the stylo-mastoid foramen ; 
 passes along the aqueduct of Fallopius, and 
 spreads its ramifications on the mucous mem- 
 brane of the tympanum, and in the mastoid cells, 
 and semi-circular canals ; and terminates by anas- 
 tomosing with a branch of the Arteria weninc/ma 
 media, which enters by the Hiatus FallopH. 
 Murray has given the name — Stylo-mastoid — to 
 the posterior auricular artery itself. 
 
 Stylo-Mastoid Fora'men, Foramen Sfylo-mas- 
 to'ideum, seu Aqucedac'tus Fallo'pii, (F.) Trou 
 ajionijme, is situate at the inferior surface of the 
 petrous portion of the temporal bone, between 
 the styloid and mastoid processes. It terminates 
 the aqueduct of Fallopius, and gives passage to 
 the facial nerve. 
 
 STYLO-MAX'I LLARY, Stylo-maxilla' ris. 
 That which relates to the styloid processes and 
 jaw. 
 
 The Stylo-Maxillary Ligament is a liga- 
 mentous, flat cord, extending between the styloid 
 process and the angle of the jaw. 
 
 STYLO-PHARYNGEUS, (P.) Stylo -thjro- 
 pharyiigien. A muscle, situate at the anterior 
 and lateral part of the neck. It is slender; thin 
 above ; attached to the styloid process of the 
 temporal bone, and terminates in the parietes of 
 the pharynx, as well as at the posterior margin 
 of the thyroid cartilage. It raises the pharynx 
 and carries it backwards. Professor Chaussier 
 has united, under the name Stylo-pharyngien, 
 the three constrictor muscles of the pharynx, the 
 stylo-phnryntjeus, and palato-pharyn2;eus. 
 
 _ STYLOPH'ORUxM DIPHYL'LUM, Meconop'- 
 sis diphyl'la, Chelido'nium dipjiyl'ltmi, Cel'andine 
 or Horn Poppy, Bruise root. An indigenous 
 plant, of the family Papaveraceas, growing from 
 western Pennsylvania to Wisconsin, which flowers 
 from May to August. The juice is fetid and nar- 
 cotic. Infused in wine, it has been given in- 
 ternally in gravel ; and has been applied exter- 
 nally to contusions, &c. 
 
 STYLO -THYRO- PHAR YNGIEN, Stylo - 
 pharyngeus. 
 
 STYLUS. Sound, 
 
 Stylus Excava'tus, Specil'lam excava'tum,. 
 A hollow sound. 
 
 STYMA, Erection, Priapismus. 
 STYMATOSIS, Stimatosis. 
 STYM'MATA, from aTvima, cTvitnaros, 'that 
 which constricts or thickens.' The most solid 
 ointments. Also, the ingredients proper for in- 
 creasing their consistence. 
 
 STYPSIS, Astriction, Constipation. 
 STYPTERIA, Alumen, Styptics. 
 
 STYPTIC, see Styptics. 
 
 Styptic, Binelli's, Aqua Binellii — s. Broc- 
 chieri's, Aqua Brocchierii. 
 
 Styptic, Baton's. A name first given to Helve- 
 tius's Styptic, when introduced into Great Britain. 
 It is now usually made of calcined green vitriol, 
 3j ; proof spirit, tinged with a little oak bark, Oij. 
 
 Styptic, Helvetids's, see Ferrum tartariza- 
 tum, and Styptic, Eaton's. 
 
 Sty'ptic, Pagliari's, Haemostatic, Pagliari's. 
 
 Styptic, Ruspini's, Liquor Stypt'icus Ruspini. 
 A nostrum, said to consist of gallic acid, a small 
 quantity of sulphate of zinc and opium, dissolved 
 in a mixture oi alcohol and rose-water, which has 
 had much reputation as an internal and external 
 astringent. 
 
 Styptics, Contrahen'tin, Constricti'va Medi- 
 camen'ta, Constringen'tia, Anastal'tica, CatastaV - 
 tica, Stypte'ria, (F.) Styptiques, from arv-oi, 'I 
 constringe.' Sometimes used synonymously with 
 astringent, but generally applied to a substance 
 employed to arrest hemorrhage, — Ence'mon. A 
 mechanical styptic is one that arrests the flow of 
 blood, by being applied immediately to the mouth 
 of the bleeding vessel, or by inducing a coagu- 
 lum, mechanically, in it. A chymical styptic is 
 one which coagulates, chymically, the blood 
 around a bleeding orifice. 
 
 STYRAC'INUM O'LEUM. Oil obtained by 
 boiling storax in good olive oil. 
 
 STYRAX, cTvpa^. A resin obtained from Sty- 
 rax officina'lis and ^S'. calami'ta. It is the solid 
 storax J — officinal storax. There are two kinds 
 of storax met with: 1. Red Storax, Gum Storax, 
 Thus JndcBo'rum, Styrax rubra, Sly'racis haV- 
 samnm, Balsamnm styracis officinalis, which is 
 obtained by incision from the Styrax officina'lis, 
 and perhaps from the Liquidam'har Orienta'lis. 
 The purest is in tears : but it has lost some of its 
 smell in drying. 2. Common Storax, Styrax ca- 
 lami'ta. That which has been received in reeds 
 or vessels, and has had saw-dust added immedi- 
 ately to thicken it. The odour of storax is fra- 
 grant; the taste aromatic. It is considered, like 
 the other balsams, to be stimulant and expecto- 
 rant, but is rarely used long. 
 
 Pu'rified Storax, S. cola'ta sen ptirifica'ta, 
 S. prfBpara'ta, Extractum sty'racis, is prepared 
 by dissolving storax in alcohol; straining the so- 
 lution ; then distilling oflF the alcohol with a gen- 
 tle heat, until the storax acquires the proper con- 
 sistence. — Ph. U. S. Dose, gr. x to xxx. 
 
 Styrax Alba, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — s. 
 Benzoin, see Benjamin — s. Calamita, see Styrax 
 — s. Liquida, Liquidambar styraciflua — s. Offici- 
 nalis, see Styrax. 
 
 STYSIS, Erection, Priapismus. 
 
 SUAVEOLENS, Beneolens. 
 
 SUB. A common Latin prefix, often signifying 
 'beneath,' or 'a lower degree.' 
 
 SUBACIDUS, Acidulous. 
 
 SUBAC'TIO, Chiro'sis, Cheiro'sis, from suhigo, 
 snhactum, (sub, and ago), 'to subject, to prepare.' 
 The operation of making plasters, extracts, <fcc., 
 with the hand, or with the pestle and mortar. 
 
 SUBAFFECTIO, Hydropathia. 
 
 SUBAGITATRIX, Tribade. 
 
 SUB-ATLOiDEUS, Infra-atloideus, (F.) Sous- 
 atloidien. That which is situate beneath the 
 
SUB-AXOIDEUS 
 
 SUBLINGUAL 
 
 atlas or first cervical vertebra. Chaussier has 
 given this name to the second pair of cervical 
 nerves. 
 
 SUB-AXOIDEUS, Infra-axoideus, (F.) Soua- 
 axo'idien. That which is below the axis or ver- 
 tebra dentata. Chaussier has given this name to 
 the third pair of cervical nerves. 
 
 SUBAZOTAS BISMUTICUS, Bismuth, sub- 
 nitrate of. 
 
 SUBBORAS NATRICUM, Borax. 
 
 SUBCARTILAGINEUM, Hypochondre. 
 
 SUBCLA'VIAN, Subcla'vius, Suhclavicida'ris, 
 from suh, and clavis, ' the clavicle.' That which 
 is under the clavicle. 
 
 Subclavian Arteries, (F.) Arth-es sovs-ela- 
 vieres, are situate at the upper part of the chest, 
 and the lateral and lower parts of the neck. 
 The right arises at the corresponding side of the 
 trachea, and comes off from the arteria innomi- 
 nata or braehio-cephalic trunk. The left leaves 
 the aorta at the end of the arch. ' Both extend 
 as far as the superior surface of the first rib, in 
 the space between the scaleni muscles, beyond 
 which they take the name axiUavy arteries. 
 The subclavian arteries run, for some distance, 
 without sending off any branch. In the neigh- 
 bourhood of the first rib, however, they give off, 
 
 1. Upwards, the vertebral and inferior thyroideal. 
 
 2. Doionioards, the internal mammary and supe- 
 rior intercostal. 3. Outwards, the transverse cer- 
 vical or posterior scapular, the superior scapular, 
 and the posterior cervical or profunda. 
 
 Subclavian or Subclavius Muscle, Sulcla- 
 via'nus,, (F.) Costo-claviculaire (Ch.), Sous-cla- 
 vier, is situate at the superior and anterior part 
 of the chest. It is attached, by its inner extre- 
 mity, to the superior surface of the cartilage of 
 the first rib; and by its superior margin and 
 outer extremity to the inferior surface of the 
 clavicle. This muscle depresses the clavicle, and 
 carries it forward. When the shoulder is fixed, 
 it can raise the first rib. 
 
 Subclavian Veins, (F.) Veines sovs-clarih-es, 
 are continuations of the axillary, and extend from 
 the inferior extremity of the scalenus anticus, in 
 front of which they pass, to the vena cava supe- 
 rior, which they form by their union. The right 
 subclavian vein is very short; the left, longer 
 and broader. These veins receive the mouths of 
 the internal and external jugulars, vertebral and 
 superior intercostal. The left subclavian receives 
 two veins more than the right,— the left internal 
 mammary and left inferior thyroid. The thora- 
 cic duct opens into the left subclavian : — the cor- 
 responding great lymphatic vessel into the right. 
 
 SUBCLAVIC'ULA, from sub, and elavicula, 
 ' the clavicle.' The first rib. 
 
 SUBCLAVICULARIS, Subclavian. 
 
 SUBCLAVIUS, Subclavian muscle. 
 
 SUBCRUEN'TUS, 'somewhat bloody;' from 
 sub, and cruentns, 'bloody;' Hyplce'mos. Thnt 
 which has the colour and nature of blood. An 
 epithet given to certain excreted substances, which 
 are mixed with blood, or have the appearance of 
 blood. 
 
 SUBCRUR^ilT, see Crurseus. 
 
 SUBCUTA'NEOUS, subcuta'neus, from sub, and 
 cutis, 'the skin ;' Intercuta'neus, (F.) Sons-cutane. 
 That which is placed immediately under the skin. 
 
 Subcutaneous Section, Hypodermatomy. 
 
 SuBciTTANEUs CoLLi, Superficialis colli — s. 
 Malse (INervus), Orbitar nerve. 
 
 SUBDELIRIUM, Typhomania. 
 
 SUB'DITA, Subditit"ia, from snbdcre, (sub, 
 and dare,) 'to put under;' Pros' theta. Medicines 
 introduced into some one of the natural aper- 
 tures; — MS suppositories, pessaries, &c. 
 
 SUBDITITIA, Subdita. 
 
 SUBDUCTIO, Dejection. 
 
 SUBER, Cork: — thebark of the Querctis Suber 
 or Cork Tree, (F.) Liege. Family, Amentaeese. 
 Sex. Syst. Monoecia Polyandria. Cork, when 
 burnt, is applied as a mechanical styptic to 
 bleeding piles, &c. Surgeons use it for making 
 tents; and it has been recommended to be worn 
 as an amulet to suppress the secretion of milk ! 
 SUBETH, Coma. 
 
 SUBFRONTA'LIS SUTU'RA, from sub, and 
 frons, frontis, 'the forehead.' A suture resulting 
 from the articulation of the os frontis with the 
 nasal process of the superior maxillary bone, and 
 the proper bones of the nose. 
 
 SUBGRONDATION, Depression. 
 SUBHUMKRATIO, Catomismos. 
 SUBIGITATRTX, Tribas. 
 SUBINFLAMMATIO, Subinflammation — a. 
 Hepatis, Hepatitis, chronic. 
 
 S U B I N F L A M M A'TION, Subinflamma'tio, 
 from sub, and itiflajnmatio. Infavnnatiun'cula, 
 HypojMegma'sia. A mild degree of inflamma- 
 tion, so slight as hardly to deserve the name in- 
 flammation. Broussais understood by the term, 
 an augmentation in the vital phenomena of the 
 vessels that convey white blood. There are, how- 
 ever, no such vessels. Lymphatic engorgements, 
 scrofula, herpes, and cancer he considered subin- 
 flammations. 
 
 SUBINTRAN'TES FEBRES, from sub, and 
 intrare, 'to enter.' Communican'tes febres. Fevers 
 primarily intermittent, whose paroxysms approxi- 
 mate, so that one paroxj'sm begins before that 
 which preceded it has gone through its stages. — 
 L. Bellini. 
 
 SUBJECTIVE SENSATIONS, see Sensation. 
 SUBJEE. Bangue. 
 SUBLIGACULUM, Truss. 
 SUBLIGATURA, Truss. 
 SUBLIMAMENTUM, Enseorema. 
 SUBLIMATE, CORROSIVE, Hydrargyri 
 oxymurias. 
 
 SUBLIMA'TION, SubUma'tio, Meteoris'mns, 
 Hypso'sis, from sublimis, ' exalted.' An operation 
 by which dry and solid matters are volatilized 
 and condensed at the upper part of a subliming 
 apparatus. Calomel, sal ammoniac, &c., are com- 
 monly obtained by sublimation. The product of 
 sublimation is a Sub'limate Sublima'tum, (F.) 
 Sublime. 
 
 SUBLIMATUM CORROSIVUM, Hydrargyri 
 oxymurias. 
 
 SUBLIMATUS CORROSIVUS, Hydrargyri 
 oxymurias. 
 
 SUBLIME, Sublimis. 
 
 SUBLJ21E, Enseorema, Sublimate — s. Corro- 
 sif, H.ydrargyri oxymurias. 
 
 "SUBLI'MiS, (F.) Sublime, 'high, elevated, 
 superficial.' Anatomists have given the name 
 sublimis to certain muscles, which are situate 
 more superficially than their kindred muscles. 
 These last they have called profundi. Of the for- 
 mer, the flexor sublimis digitorum is an example. 
 The French use the term respiration sublime 
 for the respiration which is accompanied by con- 
 siderable elevation of the ribs, and with separa- 
 tion of the alae nasi at the time of inspiration. 
 SUBLINGUA, Uvula. 
 
 SUBLIN'GUAL, Sublingun'lis, (F.) Souslin- 
 gual, from sid>, and lingua, 'the tongue.' That 
 which is seated under the tongue. 
 
 Sublingual Artery, with some, is the Lin- 
 gual. With others, it is a branch given off by 
 the lingual opposite the genio-glossus muscle, 
 which is distributed particularly to the sublingual 
 gland, to the mylo-h3'oid, and genio-glossus mus- 
 cles, (fee. 
 
 Sublingual Gland, Glan'dula suhlingua'lis 
 seu Bartholinia'na seu liivinia'na, is seated in 
 the substance of the inferior paries of the mouth. 
 
SUBLINGUIUM 
 
 878 
 
 SUBSCAPULAR 
 
 beneath the anterior part of the tongue. It is 
 smaller than the submaxillary, of which it fre- 
 quently seems to be only a prolongation. It is 
 oblong, flattened, amygdaloid, and is covered by 
 the mucous membrane of the mouth, beneath 
 which it projects. This gland has 10 or 12 ex- 
 cretory ducts — Ductus Rivinia'ni seu Walthe- 
 ria'ni — some of which open beneath the fr^num 
 lingua, joining Wharton's duct, whilst others 
 pierce the mucous membrane of the mouth sepa- 
 rately. It has the same structure as the parotid. 
 SUBLINGUIUM, Uvula. 
 SUBLINGUUM, Epiglottis. 
 SUBLOB'VLAR, Sublobula'ris ; from sub, and 
 lobiis, 'a lobe,' lobulus, 'a little lobe.' That which 
 is placed under a lobe. 
 
 SuBLOBULAR Veins OF THE LiVER. The veins 
 in which the intra-lobular veins terminate. By 
 their union, the sublobular veins form the hepatic 
 veins. 
 
 SUBLUXATIO, Sprain. 
 
 SUBMAM'MARY, Submamma'rhis, (F.) Sous- 
 ii^ammaire, from sub, and mamma, 'the breast.' 
 Under the mamma or breast; — hence, 'submam- 
 mary inflammation,' inflammation of the areolar 
 tissue beneath the mamma. 
 
 SUBMAX'ILLARY, SubmaxUla'ris, Infra- 
 tnixilla'ris, (F. ) Sous-maxillaire, from sub, and 
 mnxilla, ' the jaw.' That which is seated beneath 
 the jaw. 
 
 Submaxillary Ganglion is a small nervous 
 ganglion, situate opposite the gland. It seems 
 to be formed by the superior branch of the Vidian 
 nerve, and communicates with the lingual nerve 
 of the inferior maxillary. Its filaments form a 
 plexus which penetrates the submaxillary gland. 
 Submaxillary Gland, Max'Ulary Gland, Hy- 
 2}ognath'aden, Hyposial'aden, is a salivary gland, 
 less than the parotid, seated at the inner side of 
 the ramus and body of the inferior maxillary 
 bone, in the triangular space between the two 
 bellies of the digastricus. Irregularly ovoid, 
 and flattened on three surfaces, it has the same 
 aspect and organization as the other salivarj' 
 glands. Its excretory duct is called Wharton's 
 Duct, and terminates at the side of the frsenum 
 linguas, by a very small orifice. It is also called 
 Ductus inferior. 
 
 SUBMEN'TAL, Submentals, (F.) Sonsmental, 
 from sub, and mentum, 'the chin.' Situate under 
 the chin. 
 
 Submental Artery is furnished by the facial, 
 near the base of the jaw. It passes forwards 
 along the attachment of the mylo-hyoideus, to 
 which it furnishes branches that cross it to anas- 
 tomose with those of the sublingual. Near the 
 median line it bifurcates, to be distributed to the 
 chin and muscles of the infra-hyoid region. 
 
 Submental Vein, which accompanies the 
 artery, opens into the labial. 
 
 SUBMERSION, Submer'sio, from sub, and 
 merge.re, mersum, ' to plunge.' The act of plung- 
 ing, or being entirely plunged, in a liquid. 
 
 Asphyxia by submersion, A. Immerso'rum, 
 Drowning, is not owing to a certain quantity of 
 liquid being introduced into the alimentary or 
 air-passages ; but simply to the interception of 
 air, and of the respiratory phenomena. It is a 
 ease of sufi'ocation, the signs of which, on dis- 
 section, are equivocal, without circumstantial 
 evidence. 
 
 SUBMISSIO, Remission — s. Cordis, Systole. 
 SUBMU'COUS, Submuco'sns ; from sub, and 
 mucus. Under a mucous membrane, — as the 
 'submucous areolar tissue.' 
 
 SUBMURIAS AMMONIA CO-HYDRARGY- 
 RICUS, Hydrargyrum praecipitatum. 
 
 SUBMUS'CULAR, Submuscula'ris; from sub, 
 
 and M!/sc(i?Hs, 'a muscle.' Seated beneath mus- 
 cles or a muscular layer. 
 
 SUBOCCIP'ITAL, Svboccipita'lis ; from sub, 
 and occiput. That which is situated under the 
 occiput. 
 
 Suboccip'ital Nerve, Occipital nerve. 
 SUBOR'BITAR, Suborbita'rius, Infra -or' bitar, 
 Infra-orhita'lis, Infra-orbita'rius, (F.) Sous-orbi- 
 taire, from sub, and orbita, ' the orbit.' That 
 which is seated beneath the orbitar cavity. 
 
 Suborbitar Artery, Infra-orbitar A., pro- 
 ceeds from the internal maxillary, from which it 
 separates near the anterior and superior part of 
 the zygomatic fossa. It enters the infra-orbitar 
 canal, and passes through it, giving branches to 
 the anterior and superior dental canal ; issues by 
 the foramen infra-orbitarium ; and divides, in the 
 fossa canina, into a number of branches, which 
 lose themselves in the neighbouring parts. The 
 infra-orbitar vein follows the same course. 
 
 Suborbitar Canal, Infra-orbitar Canal, (F.) 
 Canal ou Conduit sous-orbitaire, is a small canal, 
 which runs obliquely through the substance of 
 the inferior paries of the orbit. It begins, behind, 
 bj' a simple gutter, and divides, anteriorly, into 
 two branches, one of which descends into the 
 anterior paries of the maxillary sinus, whilst the 
 other passes out, in the canine fossa, by an ori- 
 fice, called Foramen-infra-orbitarium, (F.) Trou 
 sous-orbitaire. The infra-orbitar artery and nerve 
 pass along it. 
 
 Suborbitar Fissure, Infra-orbitar Fissure, 
 Fissu'ra infra-orbita'lis, liima cana'lis orbita'rii. 
 A fissure in the superior maxillary bone; the 
 superior commencement of the suborbitar canal. 
 
 Suborbitar Fossa, Canine fossa. 
 
 Suborbitar Nerves, Infra-orbitar Nerves, 
 seem to terminate the superior maxilhny. They 
 issue from the infra-orbitar canal by the fnrnmen 
 of the same name, and spread out in a radiated 
 manner in the fossa canina, to divide into superior 
 or palpebral filaments, inferior or labial, internal 
 or nasal, and external or buccal. 
 
 SUBPERITONE'AL, Subperitonea'lis ; from 
 sub, ixnd peritoneum. That which lies under the 
 peritoneum. 
 
 Subperitoneal Aponeurosis, Fascia, subpe- 
 ritoneal — s. Ganglia, see Spermatic ganglion. 
 
 SUBPLACENTA, Decidua membrana. 
 
 SUBPOPLIT^US, Poplitffius muscle. 
 
 SUBPUBIC ARCH, Arcns suhpu'bicus, from 
 sub, and pubis. A strong arch of the superior 
 pelvic aponeurosis, which completes the posterior 
 orifice of the obturator or subpubic canal. 
 
 Subpubic Membrane, Obturator membrane. 
 
 SUBPUBIO-FEMORALIS, Abductor brevia 
 — s. Prostaticus, Compressor prostatae. 
 
 SUBPURATIO, Suppuration. 
 
 SUBPUTRIS, Hyposaprus. 
 
 SUBSCAP'ULAR, Suhscapxda'ris, (T.) Sous- 
 scapulaire, Sous-scapulo-trochinien, from sub, and 
 scapula, ' the shoulder-blade.' That which is be- 
 neath the scapula. 
 
 Subscapular Fossa, Fossa Subscajjula'ris. 
 A considerable excavation at the anterior surface 
 or venter of the scapula, in which the subscapu- 
 laris is seated. 
 
 Subscapular Muscle, Subscapula'ris Muscle, 
 Immer'sus, Infra-scapula' ris, (F.) Sous-scapulo- 
 trochinien (Ch.), Portefeuille, Iluscle-sous-scapu- 
 laire. A muscle situate in the above-mentioned 
 fossa. It is flat, broad, and triangular; is at- 
 tached, by its base, to the subscapulary fossa and 
 to the anterior lip of the edge of the spine of the 
 scapula, and is inserted into the lesser tuberosity 
 of the humerus. It carries the arm in rotation 
 inwards. It can also depress it, and bring it 
 towards the body. 
 
 Subscap'ular Nerves are two in number. 
 
SUBSEROUS 
 
 879 
 
 SUCCOTASH 
 
 One arises from the brachial plexus above the 
 clavicle ; the other from the posterior aspect of 
 the plexus within the axilla. They are dis- 
 tributed to the subscapularis muscle. 
 
 PUBSE'ROUS, Subsero'eus; from suh, and 
 serous. Under a serous membrane, — as the ' sub- 
 serous areolar tissue.' 
 
 SUBSIDENTIA, Sediment. 
 
 SUBSTANCE EMAILLEE DES DENTS, 
 Enamel of the teeth — s. Horny, see Tooth. 
 
 SUBSTANCE, HYALINE, Cytoblastema — s. 
 Intercellular, Cytoblastema — s. Vitree des Bents, 
 Enamel of the teeth. 
 
 Substance, White, of Schwann. A hollow 
 cylinder within the tubular nervous fibre, which 
 differs in composition and refracting power from 
 the matter that occupies the centre of the tube. 
 
 SUBSTANTIA ADAMANTINA DENTIUM, 
 Enamel. 
 
 Sdbstan'tia Ferrugin'ea, Locus eine'revs. 
 An ash coloured substance, produced by the ex- 
 istence of well marked pigmentary matter in the 
 floor of the fourth ventricle or rhomboid fossa. 
 
 Substantia Filamentosa Dentium, Enamel — 
 8. Grisea Centralis, see Medulla spinalis— s. Hy- 
 alina, Cytoblastema — s. Nigra pedunculi, see 
 Peduncles of the brain — s. Ossea dentium, see 
 Tooth — s. Ostoidea, see Tooth — s. Perforata an- 
 terior, Locus perforatus anticus. 
 
 Substant'ia Perfora'ta Me'dia. When the 
 pia mater has been removed from the space be- 
 tween the crura cerebri, termed the intercru'ral 
 or interpedunc'ular, the surface appears cribri- 
 form from the perforations of the numerous 
 minute vessels which penetrate it. This is the 
 siibstan'tia jyerfora'ta me'dia of Vieq d'Azyr. 
 
 Substantia Perforata Posterior, see Tarini 
 pons — s. Pulposa Dentis, Dental pulp — s. Radiata, 
 Stelluise Verheyenii — s. Rhomboidea, Corpus den- 
 tatum — s. Spongiosa Urethras, Corpus spongiosum 
 urethrse — s. Stellata serpentina, Stelluise Ver- 
 heyenii — s. Vitrea dentium, Enamel of the teeth 
 — s. Vitrea, Cytoblastema — s. Vitrea dentium. 
 Enamel. 
 
 SUB'STANTIVE, Suhsfanti'vus ; from sub- 
 stnre, {sub, and stare,) ' to stand under or subsist.' 
 An epithet applied by Dr. Paris to aliments which 
 are nutritious, in contradistinction to adjective 
 aliments, which are themselves not possessed of 
 nutritive virtues, but impart to the digestive or- 
 gans greater energy, so as to enable them to ex- 
 tract more nutriment from the substantive ali- 
 ments. Meat, for example, is a substantive 
 aliment: the condiment, as mustard, eaten with 
 it, an adjective aliment. 
 
 SUBSTILLUM, Stillicidium. 
 
 SUBSULTIO, Palpitation. 
 
 SUBSUL'TUS TEN'DINUM, Saltus ten'di- 
 iittm, Clonus subsultus, Subsultns, Car2)kolog"ia 
 spasmod'ica, Myopal'mus, Tioitehing of the Ten- 
 dons, (P.) Soubresant, from subsilio, subsnltum, 
 (sub nryd salio,) ' to make short leaps.' Twitch- 
 ing, communicated to the tendons by the invo- 
 luntary and instantaneous contraction of the 
 muscular fibres. It is more observable at the 
 wrist than elsewhere; and is an evidence of great 
 cerebral irritability, and debility, when it occurs 
 at an advanced period of fever. 
 
 The muscular agitations or twitchings observed 
 in febrile diseases, especially of children, have 
 been termed ConvulsibiU itas, Sclerotyr'be febri' lis, 
 and Irritabil'itas morbo'sa. 
 
 SUBSURDITAS, Deafness. 
 
 SUBU'BERES, from sub, and libera, 'the 
 breasts.' Infan'tes sugen'tes, Sucking children. 
 Infants at the breast, in contradistinction to 
 Exu'beres, os-oyaXafcroi, or those which have been 
 weaned. 
 
 SUBUN'GUIAL, Sabun'gnaJ, Subnn'guical, 
 (F. ) Sous-unyeale, from sub, and unguis, 'a nail.' 
 Belonging to parts under the nail; — as subun- 
 guial exostosis, (F.) Exostose sous-vngeale, an ex- 
 ostosis under the nail of the great toe especially. 
 
 SUBVERSIO STOMACHI, Vomiturition. 
 
 SUBVERTEBRA. Sacrum. 
 
 SUBVERTEBRUM, Sacrum. 
 
 SUBVOLA, Hypothenar. 
 
 sue, Succus — 8. de Citron, see Citrus medica 
 — s. Gastrique, Gastric juice — s. de Kino, Kino — 
 ». 3Tedullaire, Marrow — s. du Limon, see Citrus 
 medica — s. Nourricier, Liquor sanguinis — ». Pan- 
 creatiqtie, see Pancreas. 
 
 SUCCA'GO, from succus, 'juice.' The inspis- 
 sated juice of plants; robs, jellies, &c. 
 
 SUOCEDANE, Succedaneum. 
 
 SUCCEDA'NEUM, Succida'neum, Substitu'- 
 turn, Antiballom'enum, Surroga'tum, Antembal- 
 lom'enum. Quid pro quo, from succedere, {sub, 
 and cedere,) 'to go under, to come in place of 
 another.' (F.) Succedane. An epithet for medi- 
 cines that may be substituted for others possess- 
 ing similar properties. Also, used, in dentistrj', 
 for an amalgam for filling teeth. 
 
 SUCCENTURIA'TUS, from suecenturiare, 
 {sub, and centuria,) 'to supply a soldier to fill a 
 vacancy;' and hence, 'to substitute or put in the 
 room of.' That which is a substitute for another; 
 as Renes succenturiati, Ventriculus succenturia- 
 tus, &c. 
 
 SUCCHAR, Saecharum. 
 
 SUCCIDANEUM, Succedaneum. 
 
 SUCCIN, Succinum. 
 
 SUCCINCTURA, Diaphragm. 
 
 SUCCINCTUS, Diaphragm. 
 
 SUCCINI RESINA, Musk, artificial. 
 _ SUCCIN'IC ACID, Ac"idum Suc'cini, A. Sue- 
 cin'ieum, Acor Succin'eus, Sal Succiiii, Sal vo- 
 lat'ile Succini, has been considered antispasmodic 
 and diaphoretic, in the dose of from five to twenty 
 grains. 
 
 SUCCINUM, Elec'trum, Ambra, Ambram, Am- 
 par,Bereni'ce, Amber, Yellow Amber, {Y.) Succin, 
 Ambre j'aune, from succus, 'juice,' because at one 
 time supposed to exude from a tree. This kind 
 of fossil resin, which is found on the shores of the 
 Baltic, is composed of a resinous matter, of essen- 
 tial oil, and an acid sui generis. It is inodorous, 
 except when heated or rubbed; insipid; in frag- 
 ments of a pale golden-yellow colour, transpa- 
 rent, and has a shining lustre. S. g. 1-08; inso- 
 luble in water, and slightly acted on by alcohol. 
 It is used for affording its essential oil — the 
 O'leum seu Bal'samum Suc'cini, (F.) Euile de 
 Succin. This oil possesses stimulant, antispas- 
 modic, diuretic, and rubefacient properties. 
 
 The O'leum Suc'cini rectifica'tum, Rectified Oil 
 of Amber, is made as follows : — Oil of Amber, Oj ; 
 tvater, Ovj. Mix in a glass retort, and distil until 
 Oiv of the water have passed with the oil into the 
 receiver; separate the oil from the water, and 
 keep it in well-stopped bottles. — (Ph. U. S.) 
 
 The White amber, Leucelec'trum, (P.) Ambre 
 hlanc, is a variety. 
 
 Succinum Cinereum, Ambergris — s. Griseum, 
 Ambergris. 
 
 SUCCION, Sucking. 
 
 SUCCISA, Scabiosa suecisa — s. Pratensis, S. 
 succisa. 
 
 SUCCOCOLLATA, Chocolate. 
 
 SUCCOLATA, Chocolate. 
 
 SUCCORY, WILD, Cichorium intybus, Chi- 
 ronia angularis. 
 
 SUCCOTASH, Such'atash. A term of Indian 
 derivation. A favorite dish in New England, 
 formed of green Indian corn and 6ea;i« boiled 
 together. 
 
SUCCUBUS 
 
 880 
 
 SUDORIFIC 
 
 SUCCUBUS, from suh, and cuhare, 'to lie.' 
 Some authors have used this word sj-nonymously 
 with nightmare. Others mean by it a female 
 phantom, with which a man in his sleep may be- 
 lieve he has intercourse; — as Incubus has been 
 applied to the male phantom, with which a female 
 may dream she is similarly situate. 
 
 SUCCUS, Chylus, Opoa, Opia'ma, Chylis'ma, 
 Ecchylo'ma, Apothlim' ma, Juice, (F.) Sue, from 
 sugere, suctum, 'to suck.' The fluid obtained by 
 pressing plants, flesh, &c. ; S^^ccns expren'sus, 
 Opole (officinal), Opolide (magistral), according 
 to Chereau. It is, also, applied to certain animal 
 fluids, as S. Gastricus, &c. 
 
 Succus Acacia Germanici: Inspissatus, sec 
 Prunus spinosa — s. Acacise nostratis, see Prunus 
 spinosa — s. Arborum, Sap — s. Cicutaj spissatus, 
 Extractum conii — s. Cyrenaicus, Laserpitium. 
 
 SdCCTJS Enter'icuS, S. Intestina'lis, Liquor in- 
 testina'lis seu enter'icus, Intes'tinal Juice. The 
 fluid copiously secreted from the lining mem- 
 brane of the small intestines. 
 
 Succus ExPRESSUS, Apothlimma — s. Gastri- 
 cus, Gastric juice — s. Glycyrrhizse, Extractum 
 glj'cyrrhizse — s. Hypocistidis, see Cy tinus — s. 
 Intestinalis, Succus enterieus — s. Japonicus, Ca- 
 techu — s. Limonis, see Citrus medica — s. Liqui- 
 ritige, Extractum glycyrrhizse — s. Nerveus, Ner- 
 vous fluid — s. Nutritius, Chyle — s. Orni conere- 
 tus, see Fraxinus ornus — s. Pancreaticus, see 
 Pancreas — s. Spissatus Aconiti Napelli, Extrac- 
 tum aconiti — s. Spissatus atropte belladonnre, 
 Extractum belladonnae — s. Spissatus conii ma- 
 culati, Extractum cicutse — s. Spissatus hyoscy- 
 ami nigri, Extractum hyoscyami — s. Spissatus 
 lactucse sativge, Extractum lactucae. 
 
 SUCCUS'SION, Succus'sio, Hippocrat'ic Suc- 
 CJis'sion, from succutio, succussum, (sub, and qua- 
 lin,) 'I shake from beneath.' A mode of ascer- 
 taining the existence of a fluid in the thorax, 
 (fluctuation by succussion,) by giving the body 
 one or more slight shakes. 
 
 SuccDSSiON, Ballottement. 
 
 SUCHOR, Saccharura. 
 
 SUCKATASH, Succotash. 
 
 SUCKING, Suc'tio, Snctus, Athelx'is, Bdalsis, 
 Myze'iis, (F.) Succion, from sugere, suctum, 'to 
 suck.' The act of drawing liquid into the mouth, 
 by forming a vacuum with the tongue acting as 
 a piston, during inspiration. 
 
 Sucking Bottle. A bottle so formed, that, 
 when filled with milk, it can be sucked from in- 
 stead of the breast. 
 
 Sucking Child, Lactens. A suckling. 
 
 SUCKLE, Lactare, yoKaKTOTooipuv, ri^t](pvtiv, 
 (F.) Allaiter ou Alaiter. Same etymon. To 
 give suck. To nurse. 
 
 SUCKLING, Lactation, Lonicera periclyme- 
 num. Sucking child. 
 
 SU'^JiE, Saccharum — s. Candi, Saccharum 
 candidum — s. du Foie, see Saccharum — s. de 
 Lait, Sugar of milk — s. de Saturne, Plumbi su- 
 peracetas — s. Tore, Penidium. 
 
 SUCTIO, Exsuctio, Sucking. 
 
 SUCTION POWEE. The force exerted on 
 the blood in the veins, by the active dilatation 
 of the heart. See Derivation. 
 
 SDCTO'RIA, from sugere, suctum, 'to suck.' 
 Animals provided with mouths for sucking. Also, 
 organs for sucking or adhesion, — hence termed 
 suctorial — as 'suctorial oscula.' 
 
 SUCTORIAL, see Suctoria. 
 
 SUCTUS, Sucking. 
 
 SUDAM'INA, Hydro'ata, Hidro'ta, Pap'iilcB 
 sndora'les, Siiffersu'rce, Alha'sef, Planta noctis. 
 Boa, from sudor, 'sweat.' Small vesicles, which 
 appear upon the skin, especially in the summer 
 time, in hot countries, and in diseases attended 
 
 with much sweating. It is a miliary eruption. 
 See Miliary fever. 
 
 Sudamina, Desudatio, JScTiauhoulures, Lichen 
 tropicus. 
 
 SUDARIUM, Achicolum. 
 
 SUDATIO, Ephidrosis. 
 
 SUDATIUNCULA, Ephidrosis. 
 
 SUDATORIA, Hidrosis — s. Maligna, see Su- 
 dor Anglicus. 
 
 SUDATORIUM, Achicolum. 
 
 SUDATORY, Achicolum. 
 
 SUDOR, 'iSpoii, Hidros, (F.) Sueur, 'sweat.' 
 The product of cutaneous transpiration, when 
 visible on the surface of the body. It is colour- 
 less; of an odour more or less strong and vari- 
 able: and of a saline taste. It is composed, ac- 
 cording to Berzelius, of water, lactic acid, lactate 
 of soda united with a little animal matter, chlo- 
 ride of sodium, and a little chloride of potassium, 
 an atom of earthy phosphate, and some oxyd of 
 iron. 
 
 Sudor, Miliary fever. 
 
 Sudor An'glicus, Hidron'osns, Eidrop'yra, 
 Hidrop)yr'etos, Febris seu Milia'ris sudato'ria, 
 Sudor milia'ris, Jlorbus sudatorius, Ejihem'era 
 malig'na seu sudatoria seu Britan' nica seu An'- 
 glicn pes'tilens, Pestis Britanniea, Sudato'ria 
 malig'na, Sieeating Sickness, Sweating Fever, (F.) 
 Suette, S. Jliliare, S. ^pidemique, Sueur Anglaise. 
 A very severe epidemic disease, characterized by 
 profuse sweating, which appeared in England in 
 14S6 ; and recurred, at difl'erent times, until about 
 the middle of the 16th century. It was accom- 
 panied with coldness, excessive prostration of 
 strength, palpitation, frequency and inequality 
 of the pulse, &q., and terminated favourably or 
 unfavourably in the course of 24 hours. The 
 French have given the name Suette de Picar- 
 DIE, Suette des Picards, Fievre suante ,■ Jliliaris 
 sudatoria. Sudor Picard'icus, to an epidemic dis- 
 ease, which has appeared several times in that 
 province; the principal symptoms of which were 
 profuse sweats and a miliary eruption. The dis- 
 ease recurred in 1S21, and has been described, at 
 length, by M. Rayer, who considers it to consist 
 of a simultaneous state of inflammation of various 
 tissues ; and proposes to class it with variola, 
 scarlatina, and measles. 
 
 A form of it, in which the perspiration was of 
 a black colour, was called Sudor An'glicus niyer, 
 Melanepliidro' sis. Black English Sweating sick- 
 ness OT fever. 
 
 Sudor Colliquatitus, S. Profusus. 
 
 Sudor Cruen'tus, S. sanguin'eus, Bcsmatidro'- 
 sis, HcBmathidro' sis, Ephidro'sis cruen'ta, Hcsmor- 
 rhag"ia per Cutem, (F.) Hematidrose, Sueur de 
 Sang; Sweating of blood, Bloody sweat, Hem'- 
 orrhage from the skin. Cutaneous perspiration 
 intermixed with blood: — a very uncommon af- 
 fection. 
 
 Sudor Dulcis, Saccharorrhoe' a cuta'nea, Ephi- 
 dro'sis sacchara'ta. A discharge of saccharine 
 matter by perspiration. 
 
 Sudor Localis, Meridrosis — s. Miliaris, Mili- 
 ary fever, Sudor Anglicus — s. Partialis, Meri- 
 drosis. 
 
 Sudor Profu'scs, >S'. CoIUquati'vus. A pro- 
 fuse or immoderate sweat. 
 
 Sudor Sanguineus, Sudor cruentus — s. Uni- 
 versalis, Panhidrosis. 
 
 SUDORIFER, Sudoriferous, Sudorific. 
 
 SUDORIF'EROUS, Sudor'ifer, EydropVorns, 
 from sudor, and/eco, 'I carry.' That which car- 
 ries sweat, as the sudoriferous ducts or glands. 
 
 SUDORIF'IC, Sudorif'icum, Sudor'ifer, Hi- 
 drot'icum, Hidrote'rium, Hidrotopoe'um, Hidro- 
 poet'icum, (F.) Sudorifique, from sudor, a.nd facio, 
 'I make.' A medicine which provokes sweating. 
 See Diaphoretic. 
 
SUDORIPAROUS 
 
 SULCUS 
 
 Four Sudorific Woods, Quat'uor Ugna sudo- 
 rifica, were, forvaerlj, guaiacum, perfumed cherry, 
 sarsaparilla, and sassafras. 
 
 SUDORIPAROUS, see Perspiration. 
 
 SUDORIS NULLITAS, Anidrosis — s. Pri- 
 vatio, Anidrosis — s. Suppressio, Ischidrosis. 
 
 SUET, Sevum. 
 
 SUETTE, Sudor Anglicus — s. Epidemique, 
 Sudor Anglicus — «. Miliaire, Sudor Anglicus — 
 8. de Picardie, Sudor picardicus — s. des Picards, 
 Sudor picardicus. 
 
 SUEUR, Sudor — «. Anglaise, Sudor Anglicus 
 — s. d' Expression, Expression, sweat of — s. de 
 Sang, Diapedesis, Sudor cruentus — «. Urineuse, 
 Uridrosis. 
 
 SUFFERSUR^, Sudamina. 
 
 SUFFIMEN, Suffimentum. 
 
 SUFFIMENT'UM, Hypocapnis'ma, Snffi'men, 
 Thymia'ma, Suffi'tns, Suffumiga'tio, Suffamiga'- 
 tion, (F.) Parfum; from suffio, 'I perfume.' A 
 perfume; sufFumige; fumigation. 
 
 SUFFITIO, Fumigation. 
 
 SUFFITUS, Fumigation, SufBmentum. 
 
 SUFFLATIO, Puffiness. 
 
 SUFFOCATIO, Suffocation, Orthopnea— s. 
 Hypochondriaca, Hypochondriasis — s. Hysterica, 
 Angone — s. Stridula, Cynanche trachealis — s. 
 Uterina, Angone. 
 
 SUFFOCA'TION, Suffoca'tio, Prafoca'tio, 
 Apojmix'is, Asphyx'ia, Melana'ma, from sub, and 
 falx, TpL fauces, ' the jaws.' Death, or suspended 
 animation from impeded respiration, whether 
 caused by the inhalation of noxious gases, droicn- 
 ing, hanging, strangling, or smothering. The prin- 
 cipal morbid appearances in such cases are : — 
 the lungs of a deep-blue colour, with the blood 
 extravasated in the air-cells ; right auricle and 
 ventricle filled with dark blood, as well as the 
 neighbouring veins ; lividity of the countenance, 
 turgescence, and, perhaps, rupture of the vessels 
 of the brain. 
 
 Treatment of suspended animation hy suffocation 
 in general. The patient must be conveyed into 
 a room not too warm. Blood-letting must be 
 used, if at all, with caution ; — friction must be 
 employed with salt, or warm flannels ; stimulating 
 fluids, in a dilute state, be poured into the sto- 
 mach by means of a tube, and attempts be made 
 to inflate the lungs. Laryngotomy, if necessary. 
 
 Suffocation, Pnigopho'bia, (F.) Etouffcment, 
 is used, as strangling is, for threatened suffoca- 
 tion. It means the state of dyspnoea and oppres- 
 sion experienced when a sufBcient quantity of air 
 does not enter the lungs, or when the chemical 
 phenomena of respiration are imperfectly exe- 
 cuted ; as in cases of asthma. 
 
 SUFFOCATION UTERINE, Angone, Hys- 
 leria. 
 
 SUFFRAGO, Poples. 
 
 SUFFUMIGATION, Suffimentum. 
 
 SUFFUMIGE, Suffimentum. 
 
 SUFFUMIGIUM, Fumigation. 
 
 SUFFUMINATIO, Fumigation. 
 
 SUFFUSIO, Pseudoblepsia — s. Auriginosa, 
 Icterus — s. Bilis, Icterus — s. Colorans, Chromop- 
 sia — s. Dimidians, Hemiopia — s. Exclarans, Oxy- 
 opia — s. Fellis, Icterus — s. Lentis crystallinse. 
 Cataract — s. Metamorphopsis, Metamorphopsia — 
 s. Multiplicans, see Diplopia — s. Myodes, Meta- 
 morphopsia — s. Nigra, Amaurosis — s. Oculi, Ca- 
 taract, Pseudoblepsia — s. Oculorum, Metamor- 
 phopsia — s. Radians, Scotasma — s. Sanguinis, 
 Ecchymona. 
 
 SUGAR, Saccharum — s. Barley, Penidium, 
 Saccharum hordeatum. 
 
 Sugar Candy, Saccharum candidum — s. Cane, 
 see Saccharum. 
 
 Sugar, Diabetic, Glucose — s. Fruit, Glucose 
 56 
 
 — s. Grape, Glucose — s. Hepatic, see Saccharum 
 — s. Honey, Glucose. 
 
 Sugar of Lead, Plumbi superacetas. 
 
 Sugar, Liter, see Saccharum. 
 
 Sugar, Magnet'ic, Sac'charum Magnet'icum. 
 A quack preparation, said to be composed of sugar 
 and cannabis. It is given in nervous cases. 
 
 Sugar of Milk, Sac'charum lactis, Galac'to- 
 sae'charum, Lactose, Lactine, (P.) Sucre de Lait, 
 Sel de Lait, is obtained from whey by evapora- 
 tion and crystallization. It possesses the demul- 
 cent properties of the sugars. 
 
 Sugar, Muscle, Inosite. 
 
 Sugar Pine, see Arrowroot — s. Starch, Glucose. 
 
 Sugar, Urinary, Glucose. 
 
 Sugars, Various, see Saccharum. 
 
 SUGARBERRY, Celtis occidentalis. 
 
 SUGGILLA'TION, Sugilla'tio, Livor, (Ede'ma 
 cruentum, Svgillation, Bruise ; from sugillare, 
 sugillatum, ' to beat black and blue.' By most au- 
 thors used synonymously with ecchymosis and 
 ecchymoma. It is, also, applied to the spots, or 
 ecchy moses which occur in consequence of intrinsic 
 causes, — in disease and in incipient putrefaction. 
 It is common in dead bodies ; Livor seu niac'ula 
 emo7-tua'lis. To this last case it is, indeed, re- 
 stricted by some medico-legal writers; and an 
 interesting question sometimes arises : — Whether 
 the appearance have been induced before death 
 or afterwards ? Whether it be a case of ecchy- 
 mosis or of suggillaiiiin? In the former, the 
 extravasated blood will usually be coagulated; 
 not so in the latter. It is often, however, diffi- 
 cult to form a correct judgment without reference 
 to the history of the case. 
 
 SUGGRUN'DIUM, perhaps from svggredi, 
 (sub, and gradior,) 'to go or come up to.' The 
 eave of a house. 
 
 SuGGRUNDiuM OcuLi, Superciliary arch — s. 
 Superciliorum, Frontal protuberance. 
 
 SUICIDA, Autochir. 
 
 SUICIDAL INSANITY, Suicide. 
 
 SU'ICIDE, Suici'diimi: from suiccedes, 'mur- 
 der of one's self.' The act of killing one's self. 
 Autochi'ria,Autocton'ia, Idiocton'ia, Autophon'ia. 
 Suicide is very frequently the result of disease 
 of the mind : the individual seeming, at times, to 
 be irresistibly impelled to self-destruction. — Me- 
 lancJto'lia Snicid'ium seu autochi'ria, Suici'dal 
 Insan'ity. Also, one who commits self-murder. 
 
 SUIE, Fuligo. 
 
 SUIF, Sevum. 
 
 SUITES DE COUCHES, Lochia. 
 
 SULCATUS, Cannele, Grooved. 
 
 SULCL plural of Sulcus. 
 
 Sulci Ciliares, Halo signatus. 
 
 SULCULUS LABII SUPERIORIS, Lacuna 
 Labii superioris. 
 
 SULCUS, Semicana'lis, Semicanalic'tdus. A 
 furrow. A groove. (F.) Sillon. Anatomists have 
 given this name to grooves on the surface of 
 bones and other organs. See Anfractuosity. 
 
 French writers on anatomy often use the term 
 Sillons for the grooves which lodge the arteries 
 and creep on the surface of bones; whilst those 
 that receive veins are called gouttieres, 'gutters.' 
 Also, the vulva. 
 
 Sulcus Antero-posterior Jecoris, see Liver 
 — s. Labii superioris. Lacuna Labii superioris. 
 
 Sulcus, Lat'eral, ante'rior, op the Spinal 
 Marrow. A mere trace on the marrow, marked 
 only by the attachment of the filaments of the 
 anterior roots of the spinal nerves. 
 
 Sulcus, Lateral, posterior, of the Spinal 
 Marrow, corresponds with the attachment of the 
 posterior roots of the spinal nerves. 
 
 Sulcus Retro-Glandularis, see Glans — s. 
 Sinus lateralis. Fossa sigmoidea — s. Transver- 
 salis, see Liver — s. Umbilicalis, see Liver. 
 
SULFATE D'AMMONIAQUE 882 
 
 SULPHUROUS 
 
 SULFATE D'AMSIONIAQUE, Ammoniaj 
 sulphas. 
 
 SULFIDUM CARBONII, Carbonis sulphure- 
 tum. 
 
 SULFUR, Sulphur. 
 
 SULFURE BE CARBON, Carbonis sulphu- 
 Tetum. 
 
 SULPHAS ALUMINARIS, Alumen— s. Am- 
 moniacEB Cupratus, Cuprum ammoniatum — s. 
 Cadmious, Cadmii Sulphas — s. Kalico-alumini- 
 eum, Alumen — s. Natricus, Soda, sulphate of — s. 
 Zincicum, Zinci sulphas. 
 
 SULPHUR, Snlfar, Scorith, Thei'on, Thion, 
 Averich, Terra /(ilia' ta, Fumus cit'rinus, Aq'uila, 
 Brimstone, (F.) Soii/re. Native Suljihiir is called 
 Rock and Black Sulphur, Sulphur vivuni seu ni- 
 grum. Sulphur, as we meet with it, is in rolls, 
 Sulpihur in roi'ulis seu rotun'dum. Roll Brimstone. 
 It is a volcanic production, and is obtained, in 
 large quantities, from Solfatara, in Italy. Roll 
 Sulphur is impure sulphur, melted, and run into 
 moulds. It is unpleasantly inodorous, when 
 heated or rubbed; insipid; solid, and brittle. 
 S. g. 1-99. Fusible at 226° ; volatilizable by 
 beat, and condensing unchanged. 
 
 Sulphur Antimoniatum, Antimonii sulphure- 
 tum praecipitatum — s. Caballinum, see Sulphur 
 sublimatum — s. Carburet of, Carbonis sulphure- 
 tum — s. Chloratum, Sulphur, chloride of. 
 
 Sulphur, Chloride of, Sul'phuris Chlo'ridnm 
 seu Dichlo' ridum, Sulphur chlora'tum, Hypochlo- 
 re'tum sulphuro' sum, Chlorum hypersulphura' turn , 
 Dichlo'ride or Protochlo' ride or Hypochlo'ride 
 or Suhchlo'ride of Sulphur, Bisulph'uret of Chlo- 
 rine, is obtained by passing dry chlorine gas 
 over washed and dried flowers of sulphur, until 
 they are for the most part dissolved, and distil- 
 ling the decanted fluid from the excess of dissolved 
 sulphur. One drachm of the liquid to an ounce 
 of lard has been used in lepra, psoriasis, and other 
 chronic cutaneous diseases. Ten drops, dissolved 
 in ether, have been given in adynamic fever. 
 
 Sulphur, Dichloride op. Sulphur, chloride 
 of — s. Hypochloride of. Sulphur, chloride of — s. 
 lodatum, Sulphuris iodidum — s. Iodide of, Sul- 
 phuris iodidum — s. loduret of, Sulphuris iodidum 
 — s. Liver of, Potassae sulphuretum. 
 
 Sulphur Lotum, Sulphur eublima'tum lofum. 
 Washed Sulphur, Magiste'rium, Sidph'nris, Std- 
 phuris Flores loti, is prepared by pouring boil- 
 ing water on sublimed sulphur, so as to wash 
 away any acid it may contain, and then drying it. 
 Sulphur Nigrum, Sulphur vivum, see Sulphur 
 sublimatum. 
 
 Sulphur Pr^cipita'tum, Lac Sulph'uria, Milk 
 of Sulphur, Precip'itated Sulphur, (F.) Oreme de 
 Soufre, is prepared by boiling sublimed sulphur 
 and lime together, and adding muriatic acid to 
 precipitate the sulphur. 
 
 Sulphur, Protochloride of. Sulphur chlo- 
 ride of — s. Subchloride of, Sulphur, chloride of. 
 
 Sulphur Sublima'tum, Sulphur, (Ph. U. S.) 
 Sublimed Sulphur, Flowers of Sulphur (F.) 
 Soufre sidiUme, Fleurs de Soifre, is the sulphur 
 of commerce, sublimed in close vessels. 
 
 Sulphur is possessed of stimulant, laxative, 
 and diaphoretic properties. As a laxative, it is 
 used in hemorrhoidal and other affections. In the 
 itch, applied externally and taken internally, it 
 has beea considered as a specific [?], and it is a 
 valuable remedy in most cutaneous affections that 
 are local. Dose, gss to Jij. 
 
 The faeces or dregs, left in the purification or 
 sublimation of sulphur, are called Horse Brim- 
 stone, Dregs of Sulphur vicum. Sulphur caballi'- 
 num seu vivum, Sulphuris vivi recremen'ta. They 
 are very impure, and are only used externally. 
 
 Sulphur, Vegetable, Lycopodium — s. Wort, 
 Peucedanum. 
 
 SULPHURATUS, Sulphureous, Sulphurated. 
 
 SULPHU'REOUS, Sulphuro'sus, Sulphu'rius, 
 Sulphura'tus, SulpV uretted. Possessing the pro- 
 perties of, or relating to, or containing sulphur. 
 
 SULPHURETTED, Sulphureous — s. Hydro- 
 gen, see Hydrogen, sulphuretted. 
 
 SULPHURETUM AMMONIAC^, Ammonife 
 sulphuretum — s. Ammoniae hydrogenatum, Liquor 
 fumans Boylii — s. Kalicum, Potassse sulphuretum 
 
 — s. Lixiviae, Potassae sulphuretum. 
 SULPH'URIC ACID, Ac"idum Sulphu'ricum 
 
 seu Sulfuricum, Oleum Vitrio'li, Spir'itua Vitri- 
 oli seu vitrioii fortis, Acidum vitriol'icum, A. 
 Vitrioli dephlogistica'tum. Oil of Vitriol, S2iirit 
 of Vitriol, Vitriol' ic Acid, Acor Sulphuris, (F.) 
 Acide Sulphurique ou Sulfurique. Sulphuric acid 
 is inodorous ; has a strong acid taste, and is cor- 
 rosive. S. g. 1-845 (Ph. U. S.) It is escharotic, 
 stimulant, and rubefacient. Mixed with lard, it is 
 sometimes used in local pains, and certain cuta- 
 neous affections. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, Aromat'ic, Ac"idum Sul2}hti'- 
 ricum Aromat'icum, A. vitriol'icum, aromat'icum, 
 seu vitriolicum alcoho'le aromaticum, Elixir vitri- 
 o'li seu vitrioli aromaticum seu vitrioli Mynsich'- 
 ti seu vitrioli Edinburgen'sium seu vitrioli cum 
 tinctu'rd aromaticd sou vitrioli dulce seu acido- 
 aromat'icum. Alcohol cum aromat'ibus sttlphuri- 
 ca'tus, Tinctu'ra acidi sidphurici, is formed of 
 sulphuric acid, f5iijss; ginger, bruised, ^j ; cin- 
 namon, bruised, 3iss; Alcohol, Oij. — Ph. U. S. 
 Dose, gtt. X to XXX. Its properties are like those 
 of the next preparation, than which it is more 
 frequently employed, being more agreeable. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, Dilu'ted, Ac"idum Sulphu'- 
 ricum Dilu'lum, A. vitriol'icum dilutum. Elixir 
 vitrio'li, Spir'itus vitrio'li ac"idua Vogle'ri, Elix- 
 ir of Vitriol, (F.) Acide sxdfurique delay e, is 
 formed, according to the Pharmacopoeia of the 
 United States, by adding aq. destillat. f ^xiij, to 
 acid, sxdph. f §j. It is tonic, astringent, and re- 
 frigerant. Dose, gtt. X to XX, largely diluted. 
 When used as a gargle, half a drachm may be 
 added to ^vj of water. 
 
 Very dilute sulphuric acid was formerly termed 
 Phlcgma vitrioli. 
 
 SULPHURIS CARBURETUM, Carbonis sul- 
 phuretum. 
 
 Sulphuris Chloridum, Sulphur, chloride of 
 
 — s. Dichloridum, Sulphur, chloride of. 
 Sulph'uris Io'didum, S. lodure'tum. Sulphur 
 
 loda'tum, loduret or I'odide of Sulphur, (F.) Sou- 
 fre lodure, lodure de Soufre. It is thus directed 
 to be prepared in the Pharmacopoeia of the U. S. 
 (lodin. ^iv; sidphur. ^j.) Rub the iodine and 
 sulphur together in a glass, porcelain, or marble 
 mortar, until they are thoroughly mixed. Put 
 the mixture into a matrass, close the orifice 
 loosely, and apply a gentle heat, so as to darken 
 the mass without melting it. When the colour 
 has become uniformly dark throughout, increase 
 the heat so as to melt the iodide; then incline 
 the matrass in different directions, in order to re- 
 turn into the mass any portions of iodine which 
 may have condensed on the inner surface of the 
 vessel : lastly, allow the matrass to cool, break 
 it, and put the iodide into bottles, which are to 
 be well stopped. 
 
 SULPHURIUS, Sulphureous. 
 
 SULPHUROSUS, Sulphureous. 
 
 SULPHUROUS, Sulphureous. 
 
 Sul'phurous Acid, Ac'idum aulphuros'icum 
 seu sulph'uris volat'ile seu Sulphuro' sum seu Sul- 
 furosum, Spir'itus sulphuris seu sulphuro'sus 
 volat'ilis seu sulphuris per camp)a' nam seu vitrio'- 
 li phlogistica'tus, Gas sulphuris, (F.) Acide Sul- 
 fureux. Air Acide Vitriolique. Obtained by 
 treating mercury with concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, or by burning sulphur. It is sometimes 
 
SULTZMALT 
 
 SUPINATOR 
 
 used in the gaseous, — at others, in the liquid, 
 state. Sulphurous acid gas is used to disinfect 
 clothes, confined air, letters coming from infected 
 places, &c. It is also exhibited, with great suc- 
 cess, in the form of fumigation, in the treatment 
 of certain chronic cutaneous affections, and of 
 sciatic and rheumatic pains in general. If re- 
 spired pure, it acts in tlae manner of violent irri- 
 tants : and is not long in producing death. 
 
 SULTZMALT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Sultzmalt is a village in the department of the 
 Upper Rhine ; where are several sources of cold, 
 acidulous waters, which seem to contain carbonic 
 acid, subcarbonate of soda, subcarbonate of lime, 
 sulphate of lime, and a little bitumen. They are 
 refrigerant, aperient, and alterative. 
 
 SUiMAO DBS COREOYEVRS, Rhus coria- 
 ria — 8. Veneneux, Rhus toxicodendron. 
 
 SUMACH, Rhus coriaria — s. Mountain, Rhus 
 copallina — s. Poison, Rhus venenata — s. Stag's 
 Horn, Rhus typhina. 
 
 SUMBUL. The name of a root, Sum'buli ra- 
 dix, Jatamansi, Mush-root, presumed to belong 
 to the Umbelliferas family, much employed in 
 Russia and Germany against cholera. Its exact 
 botanical history is not determined. It contains 
 a strongly odorous principle like that of musk; 
 and is regarded as an antispasmodic. 
 SUMBULI RADIX, Sumbul root. 
 SUMEN, Hypogastrium. 
 
 SUMMER COMPLAINT. A popular name 
 in the United States, for diarrhoea occurring in 
 summer. It is often, also, made to include dy- 
 sentery and cholera infantum. With some it 
 means cholera infantum only. 
 
 Summer Diseases, see Estival — s. Plant winter 
 worm, Sphaeria Sinensis — s. Rash, Lichen tropicus. 
 SUMMITAS CUTIS, Epidermis. 
 SUMMUS HUMERUS, Acromion. 
 SUN BURN, Ephelides — s. Dew, Drosera ro- 
 tundifolia — s. Flower, false, Helenium autumnale 
 — s. Flower, swamp, Helenium autumnale — s. 
 Flower, tickweed. Coreopsis trichosperma — s. 
 Flower, turpentine, Silphium perfoliatum — s. 
 Pain, see Hemicrania — s. Rash, Lichen — s. 
 Stroke, Coup de Soleil — s. Stroke, Egyptian, 
 Coup de Soleil. 
 SUPELLECTILE DIOGENIS, Palm. 
 SUPELLEX ANATOMICA, Museum anato- 
 micum — s. Diogenis, Palm. 
 
 SUPER. A common Latin prefix; in compo- 
 sition, signifying 'above.' 
 
 SUPERBUS, Rectus superior oculi. 
 SUPERCHLORIDUM FORMTLICUM. 
 Chloroform. 
 
 SUPERCILIARIS, Corrugator supercilii. 
 SUPERCIL'IARY, Snpercilia'ris, from super, 
 and ciliiim, ' the edge of the eyelid.' That which 
 relates to the supercilia or eyebrows. (F.) Sour- 
 cilier ou Surcilier. 
 
 Supercil'iary Arches, Superciliary Ridges, 
 Arcus supercilia' res, Suggrun'dia oculo'rum, (F.) 
 Arcades sourcilieres, are two slightly projecting 
 apophyses, situate at the anterior surface of the 
 OS frontis, above the superior margin of the or- 
 bits. They are separated by the nasal hosse, and 
 covered by the superciliaris muscle, to which 
 they give attachment. 
 
 Superciliary Ridges, Superciliary arches. 
 SUPERCIL'IUM, Ophrys, Oph'ryn, Vallum, 
 (Y.) Sourcil. Same etymon. The eyebroios {Sc.) 
 Bree.s, (Prov.) Eye-hreen, are two arehed emi- 
 nences, — convex above, and more or less promi- 
 nent, according to the individual, — which lie on 
 the superciliary arch of the os frontis, above the 
 eyelids, and extend from the sides of the root of 
 the nose to the temple. Their inner extremity or 
 head is more prominent than the outer or tail. 
 The eyebrows are covered with short and stiff 
 
 hairs, which are directed, obliquely, from within 
 outwards, and are, commonly, of the colour of 
 the hair. The skin in which these hairs are im- 
 planted, rests on the orbicularis palpebrarum, 
 frontalis, and superciliaris muscles, which move 
 the eyebrows in different directions. The eye- 
 brows serve as an ornament to the countenance; 
 and by covering the eye defend it from the im- 
 pression of too strong a light. They direct the 
 perspiration also from the eye. 
 
 Supercilium Acetab'uli. The edge of the 
 cotyloid cavity of the os innominatum. 
 
 SUPERCONCEPTION, see Superfoetation. 
 
 SUPEREVACUATIO. Hypercrisis. 
 
 SUPERPECUNDATION, see Superfoetation. 
 
 SUPERFIBRINATION, Ilyperinosis. 
 
 SUPERFICIA'LIS C01,lil,Subcuta'neus Colli. 
 A nerve formed by communicating branches frooi 
 the second and third cervical nerves. It is dis- 
 tributed to the superficial parts of the neck. 
 
 SUPERFICIES ORBITALIS, see Maxillary 
 bone (superior) — s. Plantaris Pedis, Sole. 
 
 SUPERFOECUNDATIO, Superfoetation. 
 
 SUPERFCETATIO, Superfoetation. 
 
 SUPERFCETA'TION, Super/ceta'Ho, Epieye'- 
 sis, Hypercye'sis, Hypercye'ma, Superimpragna' - 
 tio, Epig'one, Superfoecuuda'tio, Superfecunda'- 
 tion, Siiperimpregua'tion, from sujjer a.nd fcetare, 
 'to breed.' Conception of a foetus — epieye' ma — 
 in a uterus which already contains one. The im- 
 pregnation of a female already pregnant. The 
 possibility of this has been denied; but there is 
 abundant evidence to show, that it is possible at 
 a very early period of pregnancy. Twin cases 
 may be of this kind o^ supierconception. 
 
 SUPERGEMTNALIS, Epididymis. 
 
 SUPERGENUALIS, Patella. 
 
 SUPERHUMERALE. Epomis. 
 
 SUPERIMPR^GNATIO, Superfoetation. 
 
 SUPERIOR AURIS, Attollens aurem— s. Ro- 
 tundus clitoridis, Ischio-cavernosus. 
 
 SUPERLABIA, Clitoris. 
 
 SUPERLIGAMEN, Epidesmus. 
 
 SUPERLIGULA, Epiglottis. 
 
 SUPERNUMERARY FINGER, Digitus su- 
 pernumerarius. 
 
 SUPERNUTRITIO LIENIS, Splenoncus— s, 
 Splenis. Splenoncus. 
 
 SUPEROXALAS KALICUM, Potass, oxalate 
 of. 
 
 SUPERPURGATIO, Hypercatharsis. 
 
 SUPERSCAPULARIS, Supraspinatus— s. In- 
 ferior, Infra-spin atus. 
 
 SUPINATEUR COURT ov. PETIT, Supi- 
 nator radii brevis — s. Grand ou long, Supinator 
 radii longus. 
 
 SUPINA'TION, Snpina'tio,^TOva. supiims, 'ly- 
 ing on the back.' The movement in which the 
 forearm and hand are carried outwards, so that 
 the anterior surface of the latter becomes superior. 
 
 In Pathology, Sujyinatiou, Supiua'tio,Hyptias'- 
 ma, Hyptias'mus, means the horizontal position 
 on the back, with the head thrown back, and the 
 legs and arms extended. It is often a sign of 
 great weakness in disease. 
 
 SUPINA'TOR. Same etymon. That which 
 produces supination. A name given to two mus- 
 cles of the forearm. 
 
 Supinator Brevis seu Minor, Supinator radii 
 brevis — s. Longus seu major, Supinator radii 
 longus. 
 
 Supinator Radii Brevis, S. brevis seu minor, 
 (F.) Epicoudylo-radial (Ch.), Supinateur court 
 ou petit supinateur. A muscle, seated at the 
 outer and back part of the forearm. It is flat- 
 tened, triangular, and curved upon itself, in such 
 a manner that it embraces the superior extremity 
 of the radius. It is attached, on the one hand, 
 to the external tuberosity of the humerus, and to 
 
SUPPEDANEA 
 
 SURA 
 
 a small portion of the posterior surface of the 
 ulna, and is inserted into the upper third of the 
 outer and upper surfaces of the radius. It 
 produces, hy contracting, the motion of supination. 
 Supinator Radii Longus, S. longus sive ma- 
 jor, Bra'chio-rudia'lis, (F.) Hvmero-sus-radial 
 (Ch.), Long ou grand supinatenr, is seated at the 
 anterior and outer part of the forearm. It arises 
 from the inferior part of the outer edge of the os 
 humeri, and from the external intermuscular 
 aponeurosis; and is inserted, by a long tendon, 
 into the outer edge of the radius, near the base of 
 the styloid process. It causes the supination of 
 the forearm, which it can likewise bend on the arm. 
 SUPPEDANEA, Hypopodia. 
 SUPPLANTALIA, Hypopodia. 
 SUPPLEMENTA EPIPLOICA, Appendiculae 
 ninguedinosse. 
 
 SUPPLEMENTARY AIR, see Respiration. 
 SUPPORTER, ABDOMINAL, Belt, Russian 
 — s. Utero-Abdominal, see Belt, Russian. 
 
 SUPPOSITION DE PART, Pregnancy, pre- 
 tended. 
 
 SUPPOSITOIRE, Suppositorium. 
 SUPPOSITORIUM, Suppository — s. Uteri- 
 num. Pessary. 
 
 SUPPOS'ITORY, Svpposito'rium, HypotV- 
 eton, Bacil'lns, Balanis'vtus, Bal'anus, Glans, G. 
 eh.hdidit"ia,Nod'idns intestina'lis, from siqjponere, 
 suppositum, {sub and ponere, ' to put,) ' to put un- 
 der,' (F.) SvpiHisitoire. A solid medicine, in the 
 form of a cone or cylinder, Intended to be intro- 
 duced into the rectum; — either for the purpose 
 ot" favouring intestinal evacuations, or to act as 
 an anodyne. Purgative suppositories are made 
 of soap, aloes, or any other irritating substance. 
 
 SUPPRESSIO ALVI, Constipation — s. Lo- 
 chiorum, Ischolochia — s. Lotii, Ischuria — s. Men- 
 sium, Amenorrhoea — s. Menstruationis, Amenor- 
 rhoea — s. Sudoris, Ischidrosis. 
 
 SUPPRESSION DU FLUX 3IENSTRU- 
 EL, Amenorrhoea — «. de Part, see Parturition — 
 ». d' Urine, Ischuria. 
 
 SUPPURANS, Suppurative. 
 SUPPURARE, Suppurate. 
 
 SUP'PURATE, Sitpimra're, (F.) Snppurer, 
 (Prov.) Beal (vulgarly). To form or secrete pus. 
 SUPPURA'TION, Snpjmra'tio, Siibpiira'tio, 
 Eepye'ma, Purulen'tin, Pyo'sis, Pye'sis, Diapye'- 
 t»a, Diapye'sis, Pyogen'ia simplex, Pu'riilence, 
 Pu'rnlency, Gath'ering, (F.) AbouU'seement. For- 
 mation or secretion of pus, (see, also Pyogenia,) 
 from sub, 'under,' and pns, puris. It is a fre- 
 quent termination of inflammation, and may oc- 
 cur in almost any of the tissues. This termina- 
 tion is announced by slight chills; by remission 
 of the pain, which, from being lancinating, be- 
 comes heavy; by a sense of weight in the part, 
 and, when the collection of pus can be easily felt, 
 by fluctuation. When pus is thus formed in the 
 areolar membrane, and is collected in one or more 
 cavities, it constitutes an abscess. If it be formed 
 from a surface exposed to the air, it is an nicer: 
 and such ulcers we are in the habit of establish- 
 ing artificially in certain cases of disease. 
 
 SUP'PURATIVE, Suppu'rans, Siippt(rati'vus, 
 Diapye'ticus, Ecpyo'ticus, Ecpyiscon'iua, (F.) 
 Suppuratif. Same etymon. That which facili- 
 tates suppuration. Suppuratives are, generally, 
 vesicants mixed with lard. 
 SUP PURER, Suppurate. 
 SUPRA. A common Latin prefix; in compo- 
 sition, signifying 'above.' 
 
 SUPRA-COSTA'LES, Levato'res Cosfa'rum, 
 (F.) Sur-costaux, from supra, and casta, 'a rib.' 
 A name given to twelve small, fleshy fasciculi, 
 which are flattened, triangular, and with radiat- 
 ing fibres. They pass from the transverse pro- 
 cesses of the dorsal vertebrae to the superior mar- 
 
 gin of the rib beneath. Spigelius, Cowper, Boyer, 
 Chaussier, and others, consider them to form 
 part of the intercostales externi. 
 
 SUPRA-HEPATIC VEINS, see Hepatic 
 veins. 
 
 SUPRA-OMPHALODYMIA, see Somatody- 
 mia — s. et Infra-omphalodj'mia, see Somatody- 
 mia. 
 
 SUPRA-OR'BITAR, Snpra-orbita'lis, Siqjra- 
 orbita'rius, (F.) Sus-orbilaire, from supra, and 
 orbita, ' the orbit.' That which is situate above 
 the orbit. 
 
 Supra-Or'bitar Fora'men, F. Supra -orbita' - 
 rium seu orbitarium snpie'rius, (F.) Trou sus-orbi- 
 taire ou orbitaire sup>erieur,\s a foramen or notch 
 completed by a ligament at the inner third of the 
 orbitar arch. It gives passage to the supra-orbi- 
 tar or siqyerciliary artery, a branch of the oph- 
 thalmic, which ascends the forehead, and is dis- 
 tributed thereto. 
 
 SUPRA-PU'BIAN, Svpra-pubic, Supra-pub- 
 in'nus, from supi-i'a, and pubes. That whiph is 
 seated above the pubis. 
 
 Sdpra-Pubian Nerve, (F.) Nerf sus-pnbien, is 
 the internal ramus of the inguino-cutaneous 
 branch of the first lumbar nerve. It is the genito- 
 crural branch of Bichat. It descends almost ver- 
 tically before the psoas muscle; and, near the 
 crural arch, divides into two branches. One of 
 these accompanies the spermatic cord, and is dis- 
 tributed to the cremaster, scrotum, and integu- 
 ments on the inner part of the thigh. The other 
 issues from the pelvis with the femoral filaments ; 
 traverses the aponeurosis of the thigh, and is dis- 
 tributed to the integuments of the upper and 
 anterior part of the limb. 
 
 SUPRA-RE'NAL, Snpra-rena'lis, (F.) Stirri- 
 nal, from snpra, and ren, ' the kidney.' Seated 
 above the kidney — as the supra-renal capsule. 
 
 SUPRA-SCAP'ULAR ; Supra-scapula'ris,^rom 
 supra, and sca2}ula. Seated above the scapula; — as 
 
 SuPEA-scAPULAR Nerte. This arises from 
 the fifth cervical ; passes through the supra-sca- 
 pular notch, and is distributed to the supra-spi- 
 natus and infra-spinatus muscles. 
 
 SUPRA-SCAPULARIS, Supra-scapular, and 
 Supra-spinatus muscle. 
 
 SUPRA- SEMIORBICULARIS, Orbicularis 
 oris. 
 
 SUPRA-SPINA'TUS, Supra-spino'sus, (F.) 
 Sur-epinenx, Sus-ipinenx, from supra, and spina. 
 That which is seated above the spine. 
 
 SuPRA-SPlNATA Fossa, (F.) Fosse sns-epineuse, 
 is a triangular depression above the spine of the 
 scapula. 
 
 Supra-Spinatus Muscle, Super-scapxda'ris, 
 Snpra-scapidaris, (F.) Sus-spino-scapulo-frochi- 
 terien. Petit sus-scapulo-trochiterien (Ch.), is 
 situated in the fossa supra-spinata. It is elon- 
 gated, thick, and triangular, and is attached, on 
 the one hand, to the two inner thirds of the fossa 
 supra-spinata ; and terminates, on the other, at 
 the anterior part of the great tuberosity of the 
 humerus. This muscle raises the arm. 
 
 Supea-Spino'sa Ligamen'ta, Supra-spinal 
 lig'aments, are two in number. 1. The Dorso- 
 lumbo-sujyra-spinal ligament, (F.) Ligament sur- 
 epineux dorso-lombaire, extending above the spi- 
 nous processes of the dorsal and lumbar vertebrae 
 from the 7th cervical as far as the median crista 
 of the sacrum. 2. Cervical-suj^ra-spinal ligament, 
 (F.) Ligament sur-^pineux cervical, which ex- 
 tends above all the cervical spinous processes, 
 and is attached, above, to the outer occipital pro- 
 tuberance. 
 
 SUR, Supra. A French prefix, signifying 
 ' above.' 
 
 SURA, Gastroene'me, Gastrocne'mia, Gastroc- 
 ne'mium ; Calf of the leg, (F.) Mollet, Gras de 
 
SURCILIER 
 
 885 
 
 SUSPENSORY 
 
 Jamie. The projection, formed at the posterior 
 part of the leg by the gastrocnemii muscle. Also, 
 the fibula. 
 
 SUECILIER, Corrugator supercilii. Superci- 
 liary. 
 
 SURCOSTAUX, Supracostales. 
 
 SURCVLATTON, see Generation. 
 
 SURCULI FELLEI, Fori biliarii. 
 
 SURCULUS, Ramusculus. 
 
 SURDEiVT(F.), from sur, and dene, 'a tooth.' 
 When a milk-tooth does not fall out at the period 
 of the second dentition, but is merely forced to 
 one side by the new tooth, it is called a surdent. 
 
 SURDI-IIUTITjE, Mutitas surdorum. 
 
 SURDITAS, Cophosis, Deafness. 
 
 SVRDITE, Cophosis, Deafness. 
 
 SURDOMUTITAS, Deaf-dumbness. 
 
 SURDUS, Deaf. 
 
 BUREAU GOMMUN, Sambucus. 
 
 SURELLE, Oxalis acetosella, Rumex aeetosa. 
 
 SURjSPINEUX, Supra-spinatus. 
 
 SUR-EXGITATION, see Excitement, and 
 Super-excitation. 
 
 SURFEIT, Acrasia, Colica crapulosa. 
 
 SURGEON, Chiriu-'yeon ; Chrro'ncix, CMrur'- 
 gus, Vul'nerum med'ieus, Cheiria'ter, Chiria'ter, 
 latrux, (F.) Chiruryieti, old French, Surgien, from 
 Xiip, ' the hand,' and cpyov, ' work.' One who 
 practises surgery. The surgeon, says Celsus, 
 ought to be young, or, at all events, not advanced 
 in life. His hand must be steady, expert, and 
 never tremulous : he must use the right or left 
 with equal facility: his sight must be clear and 
 penetrating: his mind intrepid; and, although 
 unmoved when he proceeds to operate, he must 
 not be in haste, nor cut less than is necessary, 
 but finish his operation, as if the cries of the pa- 
 tient made no impression upon him. 
 
 In the middle ages, the Universities of Italy 
 and Spain sent out educated surgeons, as well as 
 physicians, under the name cliirur'i/i-jjhys'ici. 
 
 SURGEOX-APOTH'ECARY. One who unites 
 the practice of surgery with that of the apothe- 
 cary. A general prnctitioner. He is the ordinarj' 
 medical man or family medical attendant in Eng- 
 land. See Apothecary. 
 
 SURGEON-DENTIST, Dentist. 
 
 SUR'GEONCY. The office of a surgeon. 
 
 SUR'GERY, Chinir'gta, Chiriatri'a, Cheirix'- 
 is, Chi'risis, CJiin'x'is, Chtris'miis, Metacheirix'is, 
 Metachi.'n'sis, ^letachiris'mnn, Tmcta'tio manna'- 
 ria, Medic'ina ojyerati'va seu ef'ficax, (F.) CJii- 
 riirgie. Same etymon as surgeon. The part of 
 the healing art which relates to external diseases; 
 their treatment; and, especially, to the manual 
 operations adapted for their cure. Also, the office 
 of a surgeon. 
 
 SuRGfiRY, Anaplastic, Morioplastiee — s. Au- 
 toplastic, Morioplastice — s. Conservative, Surgery, 
 salvation — s. Dental, Dentistry. 
 
 Surgery, Mil'itary, Chirurgia milita'ris, 
 (F.) Chirurgie militaire, is that which relates to 
 the operations to be performed on the field of 
 battle, or subsequently; — with the attention to be 
 paid to the wounded, &c. 
 
 SoRGERY, Op'erative, Is termed Acuir'gia, 
 Acur'gia, and Acidur'gia, (F.) Medecine opira- 
 ioire. 
 
 Surgery, Plastic, Morioplastice. 
 
 Surgery, Salva'tiox, Conser'vative Sur'gery, 
 is that which looks rather to the preservation of 
 a limb for example than its removal. One, who 
 is addicted to operating in almost all cases, is 
 sometimes called a knifesman. 
 
 SUR'GICAL, Ckirur'gicus, fF.) Chirurgical, 
 GMrurgique. Same etymon. That which relates 
 to surgery ; as surgical anatomy, surgical opera- 
 tions, surgical instruments, ka. 
 
 SURGIEN, Surgeon. 
 
 SURINAMINE, see Geoffraa Surinamensis. 
 SUR-IRRITATION, see Irritation. 
 SURNU3IERAIRE (Doigt), Digitus super- 
 numerarius. 
 
 SUROXYGENESES. From sur and oxygen. 
 A name given by Baumes to diseases attributed 
 by him to superabundance of oxygen. 
 SURPEA U, Epidermis. 
 SURRECTA ALBA, Ranunculus flammula. 
 SUR-RENAL, Supra-renal. 
 SURROGATUM, Succedaneum. 
 SURSELS, see Salt. 
 
 SUR TO UTS LIGAMENTEUX BE LA GO- 
 LONNE VERTEERALE, Vertebral ligaments. 
 SUR UMPE (S.) A disease to which ^he tra- 
 veller in the Cordilleras is liable. It consists of 
 a violent inflammation of the eyes, caused by the 
 reflection of the bright rays of the sun. The con- 
 junctiva is highly inflamed, and the lids swell 
 and bleed. Tlie pain is intense, and frequently 
 induces delirium. — Tschudi. 
 SURVIE, Survivorship. 
 
 SURVI'VORSHIP, (F.) Survie, from super- 
 vivere, {super, and vivere,) (F.) surrivre, 'to live 
 longer.' In legal medicine, this word means the 
 probability that any individual has survived 
 others in an accident, which has been fatal to all. 
 This is often an important question, connected 
 with the inheritance of property, and on which 
 physiology can rarely afford more than presump- 
 tive grounds for conclusion. 
 
 SUS, SUSUM, (F.) Sus, same as Sursum, 
 'above.' A French prefix, signifying 'above,' as 
 in 
 
 SUS- A GRO]\IW-HmiERAL, Deltoid. 
 SUS-CARPIEN ; SUS, and corpe, 'the wrist.' 
 Above the wrist. An epithet given byCbaussier 
 to the dorsal artery of the wrist — Artere sus-car- 
 pienne. — a branch of the radial. 
 
 SUS-EPINEUX, Supra-spinatus— «. Ilaxillo- 
 lahial, Levator anguli oris — s. Maxillo-lahial, 
 grand. Levator labii superioris' alaeque nasi — «. 
 Maxillo-lahial mnijen, Levator labii superioris 
 proprius — «. JlJaxillo-nasal, Compressor naris — 
 s. Omphalodymie, see Somatodymia — e. OrAico- 
 spheno-scleroticien, Rectus superior oculi — s. Or- 
 6i7n!>e, Supra-orbitar — s. Phnlangien du pouce, 
 Abductor pollicis brevis — s. Puhio-femoral, Pee- 
 tinalis — s. Scajjulo-trochiterien le plus jietit, 
 Teres minor — s. Scapulo-trocJiiterien petit, Su- 
 pra-spinatus — s. Spino-scapulo-trochiterien, Su- 
 pra-spinatus. 
 
 SUSCEPTIBIL'ITY, facile suscipiens, {sue, 
 and capio, 'I take,') 'easily taking, or under- 
 taking.' Sensibility, in its most enlarged accep- 
 tation. Impressibility. This term, with the epi- 
 thet nervous, is sometimes used for that increase 
 in the moral sensibility which is particularly ob- 
 served in nervous affections. 
 
 SUSCEPTIO INTESTINORUM, Intussuscep- 
 tion. 
 
 SUSPENDICULUM, Cremaster. 
 SUSPENSA, Ena3orema. 
 SUSPENSEUR, Suspensory. 
 SUSPEXSOIRE, Suspensory. 
 SUSPENSORIUM, Suspensory — s. Hepatis, 
 Suspensory ligament of the liver — s. Testis, Cre- 
 master. 
 
 SUSPEN'SORY, Suspenso'rius, from snspen- 
 dere, {sus, and penrfere, 'to hang,') 'to hangup,' 
 (F.) Suspenseur. That which sustains or sus- 
 pends. 
 
 Suspensory Banbage, Suspenso'rium, Suspen- 
 soir ou Suspensoire, is a bandage intended to sup- 
 port the scrotum, in cases of diseases of the tes- 
 ticle or of scrotal hernia. It consists of a kind 
 of bag, fixed above to a cincture, and retained 
 
SUSPENSUM 
 
 886 
 
 SUTURE 
 
 below by strings passing between tbe thighs, and 
 fixed to the cincture behind. 
 
 SiTSPENScRY Ligament op the Liter, Liga- 
 men'tiim latum, Suspenso'rium he'patis, Perpen- 
 dic'ulum he'patis, is a triangular duplicature of 
 the peritoneum, between the inferior surface of 
 the diaphragm and the upper surface of the liver, 
 which is continuous with the great falx of the 
 umbilical vein. 
 
 Suspensory Ligament op the Penis is a fibro- 
 cellular fascia, of a triangular shape, which ex- 
 tends from the anterior part of the symphysis 
 pubis to the corpus cavernosum, which it sustains. 
 A similar ligament belongs to the clitoris. 
 
 SUSPENSUM, Enseorema — s. Urinte, Enseo- 
 rema. 
 
 SUSPIRATION, Suspirium. 
 SUSPIRATUS, Suspirium. 
 SUSPIRITUS, Suspirium. 
 
 SUSPIR'IUM, Suspirn'tio, Siispira'tns, Sns- 
 ptr'itus, from sus, and spiro, ' I breathe ;' Myg- 
 vius, Mych'mns, BfychtMs'rnus, Sfenag'mun, Ste- 
 nax'is, Sigh, Sitspira'tion, fP.) iSonpir. A short 
 breathing. A slow, voluntary contraction of the 
 diaphragm and intercostal muscles, the effect of 
 which is to restore the due relation between the 
 circulation and respiration, or to free ourselves 
 from an inconvenient sense of weight felt in the 
 chest, when we are much depressed, — a weight, 
 which appears to be chiefly dependent on the 
 functions of the heart being disturbed through 
 the moral influence. The sigh differs from the 
 sob: — the latter being involuntary and spasmodic. 
 Sighing, occurring in fevers to a great extent, in- 
 dicates considerable depression. When accom- 
 panied with a vocal sound, it constitutes a groan. 
 SospnuuM Carpiaoum, Angina pectoris. 
 SUSTENTACULUM, Aliment. 
 SUSTENTATOR CLITORIDIS, Erector clito- 
 ridis — • s. Penis, Erector penis. 
 SUSURRATION, Whispering. 
 SUSURRUS, Bourdonnement — s. Aurium, 
 Tinnitus aurium. 
 SUTELA, Suture. 
 
 SUTERBERRY, Xanthoxj'lum fraxineum. 
 SUTORIUS, Sartorius. 
 SUTTER, Saooharum. 
 
 SUTURA ABDOMINALIS, Gastroraphy — 
 s. Arcualis, Corona,l suture — s. Biparietalis, Sa- 
 gittal suture — s. Clavata, Suture, quilled — s. 
 Corporis callosi externa, see Raphe — s. Cranii 
 squamosa, Squamous suture — s. Dentata, see 
 Suture — s. Frontoparietalis, Coronal suture — s. 
 Interparietalis, Sagittal suture — s. Jugalis, Sa- 
 gittal suture — s. Lambdoidalis, Lambdoid suture 
 — s. Limbosa, see Suture — s. Lepidoides, Squa- 
 mous suture — s. Mendosa, Squamous suture — s. 
 Notha, see Suture — s. Obelsea, Sagittal suture — 
 s. Ossium Spuria, Harmony — s. Proras, Lamb- 
 doid suture — s. Punctata, Suture, common — s. 
 Puppis, Coronal suture — s. Rhabdoides, Sagittal 
 suture— s. Serrata, see Suture, Sagittal suture — s. 
 Spuria, see Suture — s. Squamosa, see Suture — s. 
 Vera, see Suture. 
 
 SUTURAL, Sutwa'Iis ; same etymon as the 
 next. Relating to a suture. 
 
 SUTURE, Siitu'ra, Snte'la, Arme, Rhaphe, 
 from suere, sittu.m, 'to stitch ;' Dove-tail joint, (F.) 
 Engrenure. A kind of immovable articulation, 
 in which the bones unite by means of serrated 
 edges, which are, as it were, dove-tailed into each 
 other. The articulations of the greater part of 
 the bones of the skull are of this kind. The 
 coronal, lambdoidal, and sagittal sutures are 
 called true sutures, sutu'va vercB, the two temporal 
 are called /mfee sutnreg, suturm nothw seu apu'rics 
 seu squamo'scB. 
 
 A dentated suture — Sntu'ra denta'tn — is one 
 in which the processes are long and dentiform. 
 
 as in the interparietal suture. In a serrated 
 suture — sutu'ra seu syntax'is serra'ta — the in- 
 dentations and processes are small and fine, like 
 the teeth of a saw, as in the suture between the 
 two portions of the frontal bone. In the eutu'ra 
 limho'sa there is along with the dentated mar- 
 gins a degree of bevelling of one, so that one 
 bone rests on the other, as in the occipito-parie- 
 tal suture. 
 
 Suture, in Sxirgery, Rha'phe, means an opera- 
 tion which consists in stitching the lips of a wound 
 to procure their union. The suture was, at one 
 time, largely employed ; but, in modern times, 
 its use has been wisely restricted. There are few 
 wounds in which the edges may not be brought 
 together by adhesive plaster appropriately ap- 
 plied. This kind of union, by adhesive plaster 
 simply, h.is been absurdly termed Sutura sicca 
 or dry suture, in opposition to the Sutura cruenta 
 or suture properly so called. The suture is gene- 
 rally performed with waxed thread and straight 
 or curved needles, according to the arrangement 
 of parts. 
 
 The chief sutures are the interrupted suture, 
 the quilled suture, the glover's suture, and the 
 twisted- suture. 1. The Interrup'ted Suture, 
 (F.) Suture d points separSs, Suture entrecoupee, 
 is performed by passing a needle, armed with a 
 ligature, through the lips of the wound previ- 
 ously brought into contact; and then tying the 
 extremities of the thread. The other stitches 
 are made in the same manner. They are sepa- 
 rate or interrupted. It is the suture most com- 
 monly used. 2. The Quilled Suture, Sutara 
 clavn'ta, (F.) Suture enchevillee ou eniplumee ou 
 empennee. Compound Suture, is merely the inter- 
 rupted suture, with this difference, that the liga- 
 tures are not tied over the face of the imund, but 
 over two quills or rolls of plaster, or bougies, 
 which are laid along the sides of the wound. It 
 is used by some surgeons, on account of there 
 being less dnnger of the stitches tearing out. It 
 is not much employed. The Clamp Suture, 
 used by Dr. Sims, of New York, in the treatment 
 of vesico-vaginal fistulae, is a modification of this. 
 It is formed by two cylinders of silver or lead, 
 perforated at several points for the passage of 
 small pieces of fine silver wire, which are to 
 supply the places of thread, and are prevented 
 from slipping by perforated shot carried down 
 upon them, pressed against the cylinders, and 
 kept in situ by being firmly pinched with pliers. 
 .3. The Glover's Suturb, Oontin'ued or Unin- 
 terrup'ted Suture, fF. ) Suture de Pelletier, ou en 
 surget, is executed by introducing the needle first 
 into one lip of the wound from within outwards, 
 then into the other in the same way; and, in 
 this manner, sewing up the whole extent of the 
 wound. It has been chiefly used in wounds of 
 the intestinal canal. It is now rarely employed 
 except for stitching up dead bodies. The com- 
 mon stitch or suture, Sutura puncta'ta, (F.) Su- 
 ture d points passes, has been used in similar 
 cases. 4. The Royal Stitch or Suture is the 
 name of an old operation for the cure of bubono- 
 cele. It consisted in putting a ligature under 
 the hernial sac, close to the abdominal ring, and 
 then tying that part of the sac, so as to render it 
 impervious by the adhesive inflammation thus 
 excited. 5. The Twisted Suture, (F.) Suture 
 entortillee, is employed, chieflj', to unite wounds 
 of the cheeks and of the free edges of the lips. 
 To perform it, a pin or needle is passed through 
 the edges of the wound, so as to keep them ac- 
 curately in contact. A piece of thread is then 
 wound accurately around the pin, from one side 
 of the division to the other, in the form of the 
 figure CO . The number of pins and sutures must, 
 of course, correspond with the extent of the 
 
SWAB 
 
 SYCEPIIALUS 
 
 wound. This is the suture used in cases of hare- 
 lip. The Button Suture, of Dr. Bozeman, of 
 Alabama, employed in vesico-vaginal fistula, is a 
 modification of this. 6. The SUTURE A ANSE, 
 of Le Bran, has only been employed in cases of 
 wound.s of the intestines. For this purpose, the 
 edges of the wound are brought together, and as 
 many needles, with unwaxed threads, used as 
 there are to be stitches. Each stitch is then 
 made by passing a needle through the edges ; and 
 all the ligatures which belong to one side of the 
 wound are tied together, and twisted so as to form 
 a thread, which is fixed externally. 7. The Im- 
 planted Suture, (F.) Suture implantee, is formed 
 by pins arranged parallel to the edges of the 
 wound, and imjjlanted in their substance. By 
 means of threads, the needles are approximated 
 so as to bring the edges of the wound together. 
 8. The Plastic Suture, so called by Prof. Pan- 
 coast, of Philadelphia, its proposer, is a suture b}' 
 tongue and groove. The groove is made by an 
 incision in the part, which is to receive the flap. 
 The tongue is made on the flap by bevelling off 
 the two surfiices, cuticular and adipose. The 
 suture is made by passing a loop of thread, by two 
 punctures, deep through the inner lip of the 
 groove. The two needles are passed through the 
 base of the tongue, and again through the outer 
 lip of the groove. The two ends of the thread 
 are then tied over a small roll of adhesive plas- 
 ter, by which the tongue is, of necessity, forced 
 deep into the groove. Four raw surfaces are thus 
 firmly held in connection, making the union of 
 parts, by this suture, a very certain process. 
 
 Suture, Button, see Suture, (twisted) — s. 
 ©lamp, see Suture, (quilled) — s. Com2)ound, 
 Suture, quilled — s. Continued, Suture, glover's 
 
 — s. Ecailleuse, Squamous suture — s. Empen- 
 nee, Suture, quilled — s. Emplumee, Suture, quilled 
 
 — a. Enchevillee, Suture, quilled — s. Entoi-tillee, 
 Suture, twisted — s. Entrecoupee, Suture, inter- 
 rupted — s. False, Harmony, see Suture — s. Im- 
 plantee, see Suture, (implanted) — s. Occipitale, 
 Lambdoid suture — s. Occipito-parietal, Lambdoid 
 suture — «. de PeUetier, Suture, glover's — s. Pe- 
 rineal, Perinceorrhaphy — s. Plastic, see Suture 
 
 — s. d Points passes, Suture, common — s. a 
 Points separes, Suture, interrupted — s. Sagittal, 
 see Sagittal suture — s. Squameuse, Squamous 
 suture — a. en Surget, Suture, glover's — s. Super- 
 ficial, Harmony — s. Uninterrupted, see Suture, 
 glover's. 
 
 SWAB, from Sax. rPebban, ' to clean with a 
 mop.' A piece of sponge or rag tied to a rod of 
 whalebone or wood, for cleansing the mouth of 
 the sick, or applying remedial agents to deep- 
 seated parts. The process is termed Swahhivg. 
 
 SWA"DDLINa CLOTHES, Swathing clothes. 
 
 SWAGBELLY, Physconia. 
 
 SWALLOW, Hirundo — s. Wort, Asclepias 
 vincetoxicum — s. Wort, orange, Asclepias tube- 
 rosa — s. Wort, tuberous-rooted, Asclepias tuberosa 
 
 — s. Wort, white, Asclepias vincetoxicum. 
 SWALLOW'S NEST, Nidus hirundinis. 
 SWALME, Excrescence, Tumour. 
 SWAMP CABBAGE, Dracontium foetidum — 
 
 s. Dogwood, Petela trifoliata — s. Sickness, Milk 
 sickness— s. Wood, Cephalanthus occidentalis, 
 Dirca palustris. 
 
 SWARFF. Stupor, Syncope. 
 
 SWATHING CLOTHES, SwaddUnrj CJotJies, 
 Incwmb'nla, FascicB, Panni, from Sax. j-peban, 
 'to bind.' (P.) Jfaillot. The kind of clothing 
 or bandaging formerly applied to children dur- 
 ing the first year of life. It is now, properly, 
 laid aside, and every freedom allowed to muscu- 
 lar exertion. 
 
 SWEAT, Sudor— s. Bloody, Sudor eruentus — 
 
 s. Glands, see Perspiration — s. Root, Polemo- 
 nium reptans — s. Scab, Crusta genu equinge. 
 
 SWEATING, Ephidrosis— s. Bath, Achicolum 
 — s. of Blood, see Diapedesis, and Sudor eruentus 
 
 — s. House, Achicolum — s. Plant, Eupatorium 
 perfoliatum — s. Room, Achicolum — s. Sickness, 
 Sudor Anglieus. 
 
 Sweating Sickness, Malwah. A disease 
 which appears to be allied to the worst form of 
 cholera, and to bear a close relation to malignant 
 congestive fever. As its name imports, it occurs 
 in Malwah in India. 
 
 SWEBBING, Syncope. 
 
 SWEE, Vertigo. 
 
 SAVEEMING, Syncope. 
 
 SWEEMISII, see Syncope. 
 
 SWEET BITTER, Triosteum— s. Bread, Pan- 
 creas, Thymus — s. Bush, Comptonia asplenifolia 
 — s. Fern, Comptonia asplenifolia — s. Flag, Acorus 
 calamus — s. Pod, Ceratonium siliqua — s. Root, 
 Aralia nudicaulis. 
 
 SWELLING, Eptanaste'mn, Exar'ma, Exoede'- 
 sis, Presis, Presma, Oncus, Extumefac'tio, Tumor, 
 Tumefac'tio, (Prov.) Blawing, Boist, Coul, (Old 
 Eng.) Boche, BoUynge, Bulning, (F.) Enflure, 
 Goiiflement, from Sax. TPellan, (D.) swellen 
 (G.) schwellen, 'to swell,' Morbid increase 
 of bulk in the whole, or a part, of the body. See 
 Tumour. 
 
 Swelling, White, Hydrarthrus. 
 
 SWENSIE, Cynanche. 
 
 SWENYNG, Somnium. 
 
 SWERF, Stupor, Syncope. 
 
 SWERTIA CHIRAYITA, Gentiana chirayita 
 
 — s. DifFormis, see Calumba — s. Frasera, see 
 Calumba — s. Lutea, Gentiana lutea. 
 
 SWEUIN. Somnium. 
 
 SWEVYNG, Somnium. 
 
 SWEVYNYNG. Somnium. 
 
 SWIETE'NIA FEBRIF'UGA, after Van 
 Swieten, S. So'mida, Soym'ida seu Cedre'Ia fe- 
 hrif'vga, FeVrifuge Swiete'nin, (F.) Ifahogan 
 febrifvge. Ord. Meliacese. Sex. Syst. Decan- 
 dria Monogynia. The bark of this tree, which is 
 a native of the East Indies, called there liohena 
 Bark, has an aromatic odour and bitter taste. It 
 is tonic and stomachic, and has been used in in- 
 termittents, and in diseases where bitter tonics 
 are indicated. Dose, ^j to ^ij of the powder. 
 
 Swietb'nia Mahog'ani, Ccdrvs Jfahog'ani, 
 Mahogany Tree, grows in the West Indies and 
 tropical America, and is possessed of similar pro- 
 perties. 
 
 Swiete'nia Senegalen'sis. Khaya Senegalen'- 
 sis. A common forest tree on the borders of the 
 Gambia. The bark called Gail-cedra, and Kareon 
 Khayi, is bitter and antiperiodic. 
 
 Swietenia Somida, S. Febrifuga. 
 
 SWIM, Air bladder. 
 
 SWIMBLADDER, Air bladder. 
 
 SWIMMING, Natation--s. Bladder, Air blad- 
 der — s. of the Head, Vertigo. 
 
 SWINACIE. Cynanche tonsillaris. 
 
 SWINE-POX, see Varicella. 
 
 SWINE-SAME, Adeps. 
 
 SWINE-THISTLE, Sonchus. 
 
 SWINNYING, Vertigo. 
 
 SWOON, Syncope. 
 
 SWOONING, Syncope. 
 
 SWOUNDING, Syncope. 
 
 SYALADENI'TIS, Jnflamma'tio glaiuhda'- 
 rxim saliva'lium, from ciaXov, ' saliva,' aSyv, ' a 
 gland,' and itia, denoting inflamn.ation. Inflam- 
 mation of the salivary glands. 
 
 SYCAMINOS, Morus nigra, 
 
 SYCAMINUM, see Morus nigra. 
 
 SYCE, Ficus, Ficus carica. 
 
 SYCEA, Ficus. 
 
 SYCEPH'ALUS, from aw, < with,' ' together-,' 
 
SYCION 
 
 888 
 
 SYMPATHY 
 
 tand Kt<j>a\ri, ' head.' A monster having two heads 
 united together. 
 
 SY'CIOjST, avKiov, from otvkov, 'a, fig.' A decoc- 
 tion of dried figs. 
 
 SY'CIOS ANGULA'TUS. One-seeded star 
 ciicHviher, Wild Dry'ony. The roots and seeds 
 of this indigenous plant, Order, Cucurbitacese, 
 are bitter, purgative and diuretic. It is used in 
 dropsy in the same cases as bryony. 
 
 SYCI'TES, from ovkov, ' a fig.' Wine, in which 
 figs have been infused. 
 
 Sycttes, Catorchites. 
 
 SYCOMA, Ficus. 
 
 SYCO'SIS. Same etymon. A tumour of the 
 shape of a fig. Also, a fungous ulcer. A horny 
 excrescence about the eyelids. Dr. Bateman 
 defines it : — an eruption of inflamed but not very 
 hard tubercles occurring on the bearded portion 
 of the face and on the scalp, in adults; and 
 usually clustering together in irregular patches ; 
 — Phyma Sycosis, JRose'ola fico'sa, Acne men'ta- 
 gra. Of this he has given two species : 1. Syco- 
 sis Menti, S. harha, JHen'tagra. Menti'go, Varus 
 Men' tagra, Mentagroph' yta, Chimcelk, Chiniohelk, 
 Barber's Itch, (P.) Dartre pustnleuse mentagre : 
 and, 2. Sycosis Cajiil'li, S. Cajiillifii. The 
 treatment, in both cases, resembles that for por- 
 rigo favosa. 
 
 Sycosis, Ficus. 
 
 SYCUM, Ficus. 
 
 SYDERATIO, Sideratio. 
 
 SYLLEPSIS, Conception. 
 
 SYLLEPSIOLOG"IA, from cvWrj-ia';, 'con- 
 ception,' and Xoj/o;, ' a description.' The doctrine 
 of conception. 
 
 SYM, SYN, cvv, ' with, together,' like the exim, 
 con, col, cor, &c., of the Latins. A common 
 prefix. Before 6, jt, ph, ps, and m, — sym, or 
 xyn, is changed into sym or xym, (com;) before 
 c, ch, g, k, and x, into syn or xyn, any, ^vy, (con ;) 
 before I into syl or xyl, (col ;) before r into syr or 
 xyr (cor :) and before s into sy or ocy, and sys, (co 
 and cos.) 
 
 SYMBLEPHARON, Ankyloblepharon. 
 
 SYMBLEPHARO'SIS, Concre'tio palpehra'- 
 rum cum hnlho oc'idi, from sym, and fi\eipapov, 'an 
 eyelid.' A preternatural adhesion between the 
 eyelids ; and especially between the upper eyelid 
 and globe of the eye. 
 
 Symblepharosis, Ankyloblepharon. 
 
 SYMBOL, Sym'holnm, Character, (F.) Carac- 
 tere, from (Tu//j3aAXM (aw, and (iaWw, ' I throw'), 
 ' I compare.' A sign or representation of some- 
 thing else. 
 
 The following are the symbols used in pre- 
 scriptions : 
 
 R, Recipe. See R. 
 gr., Granum, a grain. 
 3, Scrupidus seu scrupulum, a scruple. 
 ^, Drachma, a drachm. 
 ^, Uncia, an ounce, 
 ft). Libra, a pound. 
 1ft), LihrcB, pounds. 
 TTL, 3Iiiiimum, a minim, 
 f 5i Fluidrachma, a fluidrachm. 
 f ^, Fluidimcia, a fluidounce. 
 0, Octarius, a pint. 
 C, Congius, a gallon. See Abbreviation. 
 
 SYMBOLlB, Commissure. 
 
 SYMBOLEUSIS, Consultation. 
 
 SYMBOLISMUS, Sympathy. 
 
 SYMBOLIZATIO, Sympathy. 
 
 SYMBOLOGICA, Symptomatology. 
 
 SYMBOLUM, Sympathy. 
 
 SY3IETRIE, Symmetry. 
 
 SYMETRIQUE, SymmetricaL 
 
 SYM'MELES, from sym, and ^£>o?, ' an ex- 
 tremity.' Mon'opus. A genus of monsters whose 
 extremities are joined together: Sirens. — I. G. 
 St. Hilaire. 
 
 SYMMETRIA, Symmetry. 
 
 SYMMET'RICAL, Symmet'ricus, avixixtrpo;, 
 (F.) Symetrique, from sym, and ixerpeiv, 'to mea- 
 sure.' An epithet given to those parts of the 
 body, which, if seated on the median line, may 
 be divided into two equal, and perfectly like 
 halves; or which — if situate, the one to the 
 right, the other to the left of this line — have a 
 similar conformation, and a perfectly analogous 
 arrangement. 
 
 Symmetrical Diseases, see Symmetry. 
 
 SYM'METRY, Symmet'ria, Commen'sum, 3Iem- 
 bro'rum Om'nium Competen'tia, Prop>or'tio, (P.) 
 Sy metric. The regularity in form, observed in 
 many parts, situate on the median line; and, 
 also, the resemblance which exists between many 
 organs that are situate on each side of the median 
 line ; Bilateral Symmetry. Bichat first noticed 
 that this symmetry was confined to the organs 
 of animal life ; as the head, brain, spine, organs 
 of sense, locomotion, &c. 
 
 It has been affirmed — and there is evidence in 
 favour of the assertion — to be a law of the 
 animal economy, that when uninfluenced by dis- 
 turbing agents, all general or constitutional dis- 
 eases affect equally and similarly the correspond- 
 ing parts of the two sides of the body. This has 
 been called the Symmetry of Diseases ; and the 
 resulting diseases are said to be symmetrical. 
 
 SYMMETRY OF DISEASES, see Symmetry. 
 
 SYMPARATERESIS, Observation. 
 
 SYMPASMA, Catapasma. 
 
 SYMPATHESIS, Sympathy. 
 
 SYMPATHETIC, Sympath'icns, Sympatheti- 
 ctis, (P.) Sympathique, from sym, and jraS-o;, 
 'suffering.' That which depends on sympathy. 
 Sympathetic affections of an organ are those 
 morbid phenomena that supervene without any 
 morbific cause acting directly on it, and by the 
 reaction of another organ primarily afTected. 
 Thus, itching of the nose is a sympathetic affec- 
 tion, produced by irritation in the intestinal 
 canal. 
 
 The epithet sympathetic is, also, given to dif- 
 ferent nerves. See Trisplanchnic, Pneumogastric, 
 and Facial. 
 
 Sympathetic, Great, Trisplanchnic nerve — s. 
 Middle, Pneumogastric — s. Nerve, Trisplanchnic 
 nerve. 
 
 Sympathetic Powder, Pulvis sympathet'icns 
 or Powder of Sympathy of Sir Kenelme Digby, 
 was composed of calcined suljphate of iron, pre- 
 pared in a particular manner. It was long sup- 
 posed to be able to cure a wound, if applied to 
 the weapon that inflicted it; or even to a portion 
 of the bloody clothes. It is proper to remark, 
 however, that the wound itself was carefully ex- 
 cluded from the air, and from all irritation. 
 
 SYMPATHETICUS MINOR, Facial nerve. 
 
 SYMPATHETISMUS, Sympathy. 
 
 SYMPATHIA, Consent of parts. 
 
 SYMPATHICUS, Sympathetic. 
 
 SYMPATHIQUE, Sympathetic — s. Nerf, 
 Trisplanchnic nerve. 
 
 SYM'PATHY, Sympathi'a, Sympathe'sis, Com- 
 pas'sio, Consensus, Sympiathctis' mus, Sympathi'a, 
 Conjlux'io, Conspira'tio, Commer'cium, Conspr'- 
 tium, Homoiopathi'a, Homoeth'nia, Adelphix'is, 
 Symholis'mus, Symboliza'tio, Sym'bolum. Same 
 etymon. The connexion that exists between the 
 action of two or more organs, more or less dis- 
 tant from each other; so that the affection of the 
 first is transmitted, secondarily, to the others, or 
 to one of the others, by means unknown. A 
 knowledge of the particular sympathies between 
 
SYMPEPSIS 
 
 889 
 
 SYNCIPUT 
 
 different organs throws light on the etiology of 
 diseases, their seat, and the particular organs to- 
 wards which our therapeutical means should be 
 directed. See Irritation. 
 
 SYMPEPSIS, Coction. 
 
 SYMPEXIS, Concretion. 
 
 SYMPHORA, Congestion. 
 
 SYMPHOREMA, Congestion. 
 
 SYMPHORESIS, Congestion. 
 
 SYMPHORICAR'PUS RACEMO'SUS, Snoio- 
 herry; from avufpopew, 'to bear together,' and Kapwoq, 
 'fruit,' owing to the clustered berries. An indi- 
 genous plant. Order Caprifoliaceae, Tribe Loni- 
 cerse, whose berries are large, bright white, and 
 remain till winter ; flowering from June to Sep- 
 tember. The root is tonic and astringent, and 
 has been used in ague; and by the Indians in 
 syphilis. 
 
 SYMPHYIA, Symphysis. 
 
 SYMPHYOCEPH'ALTIS, Ifetop'ages, Ce23ha- 
 lop'ages, from aviK^vr];, (aw, and 0tiM, ' to grow,) 
 'united together,' and Kt(pa'Sv, 'head.' A mon- 
 strosity in which twins are united by the head. 
 
 SYMPHYSEOT'OMY, Symiihysot'omy, Syn- 
 cJiondrot'omy, Symphyseotom' ia, Synijjhysiotom'ia, 
 from symphysis, and nnvti), 'I cut.' The oj^era- 
 tion or section of the Sy7ri2}kysis, Sigaultian opera- 
 tion or section. This operation is performed 
 with the view of augmenting the diameter of the 
 pelvis, in order to facilitate delivery in certain 
 cases of faulty conformation of that cavity, with 
 wedging of the head of the child therein. To 
 perform the operation, (F.) desymphyser, the fe- 
 male is placed on her back; the pubes is shaved; 
 and, with a strong scalpel, the soft parts are di- 
 vided on the median line. The articulation is 
 then c;it. As soon as the fibrous parts, which 
 hold the bones together, are divided, they sepa- 
 rate to a certain distance from each other; and 
 the delivery may be aecoraplished. The knife, 
 with which the operation is performed, is called, 
 by the French, Couteau symjyhysien. 
 
 SYMPHYS'IA, from cvfupvw, ' to grow to- 
 gether.' A malformation consisting in the union 
 of parts that are usually divided. — Breschet. 
 SYMPHYSIOTOMIA, Symphyseotomy. 
 SYM'PHYSIS, Symphy'ia, Coalescen'tia, Co- 
 al'itus, Coalit"io, (F.) Symphysie, from avjx(pviii 
 [aw, 'with,' and (pvw, 'I grow'), 'I unite to- 
 gether.' A union of bones. The bond of such 
 union. The aggregate of means used for retain- 
 ing bones in situ in the articulations. The name 
 symphysis has, however, been more particularly 
 appropriated to certain articulations; as to the 
 symphysis pubis, sacro-iliae symphysis, Sec. See 
 Monster. 
 
 Symphysis, Coalescence, Commissure, Inser- 
 tion — s. Cartilaginea, Synchondrosis — s. Liga- 
 mentosa. Syndesmosis — s. Ossium miiscularis, 
 Syssarcosis — -s. Pubis, Pubio articulation. 
 SYMPHYSOTOMY, Symphyseotomy. 
 SYMPHYTOS, Hereditary. 
 SYM'PHYTUM. Same etymon. Symphytum 
 officina'le seu album seu Bohe'micum, Oonsol'ida 
 major, Comfrey, Alum, Ahis, (Prov.) Knit-back, 
 (F.) Grande Oonsoude, Oreilles d'dne. Ord. Bo- 
 raginacea?. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. 
 The roots of this European plant are very muci- 
 laginous, and are employed as emollients. They 
 are used in decoction in hiemoptysis, dysentery, 
 chronic diarrhoea, &c. 
 
 Symphytusi, Solidago virgaurea — s. Album, 
 Symphytum — s. Bohemicum, Symphytum — s. 
 Minimum, Bellis — s. Minus, Prunella — s. Offi- 
 cinale, Symphytum. 
 
 Symphytum Petrje'um, Con's Monspelien'sis, 
 Montpel'lier Coris. An intensely bitter and nau- 
 seous plant, which is said to have been useful in 
 syphilis. See, also, Sanicula. 
 
 SYMPLOCARP'US ANGUSTISPATHA, 
 Dracontium angustispatha — s. Fcetida, Draeon- 
 tium fcetidum. 
 
 SYMPOD'IA, ITonopod'ia, from sym, and ttoii?, 
 TToSos, ' afoot.' A monstrosity in which there is 
 coalescence of the lower extremities. 
 
 SYMPTOM, Sympto'ma, Ac'cidens, Casus, from 
 sym, and nrwua, ' a fall,' from irt-^Toj, 'I fall.' Any 
 change, perceptible to the senses in any organ 
 or function, which is connected with morbific in- 
 fluence. It is by the aggregate and succession 
 of symptoms that a disease is detected. The term 
 symptoms of cymptoms has been tised for the 
 effects which result from the symptoms of a dis- 
 ease; but which effects are not essentially con- 
 nected with the disease itself. Thus, the debility 
 arising from the frequency of evacuations in dys- 
 entery is a symptotn of symptoms. Symptom, at 
 one time, was generally used in the same 
 sense as sign ; but with many, perhaps most, 
 of the present day, the former signifies a func- 
 tional or vital phenomenon of disease, whilst 
 the latter is applied to that which is more directly 
 physical; — and hence the expressions /«)icJio)ioZ 
 or vital phenomena or symp>toms, in contradistinc- 
 tion to the j)hysical signs afforded by ausculta- 
 tion, percussion, <fec. See Sign. 
 
 SYMPTOMA TURPITUDINIS, Nympho- 
 mania. 
 
 SYMPTOMAT'IC, Symptomat'icus, (F.) Symp,- 
 tomatique. That which is a symptom of some 
 other affection. Thus we speak of a sj'mptomatic 
 disease, in opposition to one that is idiopathic. 
 
 SYMPTOMATOGRAPHY, Semeiography. 
 
 SYMPTOMAT OL'OGY, Symptomatolog"ia, 
 Symbolog"ica, from symptoma, and \oyog, 'a 
 treatise.' The branch of pathology, the object 
 of which is the knowledge of symptoms. 
 
 SYMPTO'SIS, from sym, and ttitttu, 'I fall.' 
 Depression or collapse, emaciation or atrophy, 
 either of the whole body or of a part. 
 
 SYN, Sym. 
 
 SYNiEREMA, Corrugation. 
 
 SYN^TION, Concausa. 
 
 SYNANCHE, Cynanche, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
 
 SYNANCIE, Cynanche. 
 
 SYNAPHYMENITIS, see Ophthalmia. 
 
 SYNAPTASE, see Amygdalin. 
 
 SYNARTHRODIA, Synarthrosis. 
 
 SYNARTHRO'DIAL, Synarthrodia'lis, from 
 syn, and ap&pwats, 'articulation.' That which 
 belongs to synarthrosis ; as Synarthrodial articu- 
 lation. 
 
 SYNARTHRO'SIS, Synarthro'dla, Aharticu- 
 la'tio, Coarticula'tio. An immovable articulation. 
 Synarthrosis includes three species: Suture, 
 Harmony, and Gnmphosis. 
 
 SYNATHROESIS, Congestion. 
 
 SYNATHROISMUS, Congestion. 
 
 SYNCAN'THUS, from syn, and KavOui, 'the 
 corner of the eye.' A morbid adhesion between 
 the globe of the eye and the orbit. 
 
 SYNCHONDRO'SIS, Sym'physis sen Coji'ula 
 seu Connex'io cartilagin'ea, Chonclrosyiidesm'us, 
 from syn, and x°^^P°s, 'a cartilage.' Union or 
 articulation of bones by means of cartilage :— as 
 the articulations of the ribs with the sternum, by 
 means of their cartilao:es of prolongation. 
 
 SYNCHONDROTOMY, Symphyseotomy. 
 
 SYNCHRONIUS, Synchronous. 
 
 SYN'CHRONOUS, 'Syn'chronus, Synchron'i'u-s, 
 Isoch'ronous, from syn, and ^povoi, ' time.' That 
 which occurs at the same time. Thus the pulsa- 
 tions of an artery are said to be synchronous with 
 those of the heart. 
 
 SYNCHRONUS, Synchronous. 
 
 SYNCHYSIS, Confusio — s. Sparkling, Con- 
 fusio. 
 
 SYNCIPUT, Sinciput. 
 
SYNCLONESIS 
 
 890 
 
 SYNOCHUS 
 
 SYNCLONESIS, Synclonus. 
 SYN'CLONUS, Synclone'sis, from avyK\ovt(a, 
 {aw, a,nd k)^oviui, 'I shake,') 'I shake together.' 
 Tremulous, simultaneous, and chronic agitation 
 of various muscles, especially when excited by 
 the will; Clon'ici vniversa'les, Clomts, (Young.) 
 Also, general spasm, spas'mwi universa' lis. See 
 Tremor, Chorea, &c. 
 
 Synclonus Ballismus, Paralysis agitans — s. 
 Beriberia, Beriberi — s. Chorea, Chorea — s. Ra- 
 phania, Raphania — s. Saltans, Chorea — s. Tre- 
 mor, Tremor. 
 
 SYNCOMIS'TUS, from fruyxo/zi^o), {aw, and 
 KOjjit^ii),) 'I bring together.' Autop'yros, Panis 
 domes' tieun, secundariun, ciba'rius, confusa'neus. 
 Bread of the whole wheat, or of the unsifted 
 meal. Household bread. Also a cataplasm made 
 of the same. 
 
 SYN'COPAL, St/ncopa'lis, Syncop'ticus, Syn- 
 cop'tiis. Same etymon as Syncope ; as Syn' copal 
 Fever, Fehris Syncopa'lis. A pernicious inter- 
 mittent, characterized by repeated attacks of 
 syncope. _ 
 
 SYN'COPE, from avyKo-nTia, (aw, and koktw, 
 *to fall,') 'I fall down.' An' inn defec'tio seu 
 deli'quium, Leipopsyeh'ia, Lipopsych'ia, Ap- 
 sych'ia, Apsyx'ia, Lipsis An'imi, AspJiyx'ia, 
 Apopsyeh'ia, Lipothyni'ia, Leipothym'ia, Lipos- 
 phyx'ia, Eclips'is, /Sn'bitiis atiimi casus, Anen- 
 cephalohcB'niia, Ap'sychy, Siooon, Swooning, 
 Fainting, Fainting Jit, Faintness, Exolu'tiun, 
 (Sc.) Droiv, Diialm, Swarff, Sioerf, Swarth, 
 (Prov.) Foiver, Swebbing, Sioeeming, Swounding, 
 Sound, (P.) Fvanouissement, Defaillance, Pa- 
 moison. Complete and, commonly, sudden loss 
 of sensation and motion, with considerable dimi- 
 nution, or entire suspension of the pulsations of 
 the heart and the respiratory movements. Syncope 
 is, commonly, an affection of no consequence; 
 but, sometimes, it is an index of diseased heart. 
 Placing the patient in the horizontal posture; 
 sprinkling cold water over the face, and the ap- 
 plication of volatile substances to the nose, are 
 all that will be required during the fit. See As- 
 phy.xia, and Suffocation. 
 
 An approach to this condition is termed faint- 
 ishness ; and the person is said to he faint, (Prov.) 
 Stveemish. 
 
 Syncope Angens, Angina pectoris — s. Angi- 
 nosa. Angina pectoris. 
 
 SYNCOPTICUS, Syncopal. 
 SYNCOPTUS, Syncopal. 
 SYNCRITICA, Astringents. 
 SYNDACTYLUS, Aschistodactylus. 
 SYNDESMI'TIS, see Ophthalmia. Also, in- 
 flammation of articular ligaments ; Inflamnia'tio 
 ligamento'rum, from syndesmos, ' ligament,' and 
 itis, denoting inflammation. 
 
 SYNDESMOG ' RAPIIY, Syndesmograph ' ia, 
 from syndesmos, 'a. ligament,' and ypacfiri, 'a de- 
 scription.' A description of the ligaments. The 
 part of anatom}' which describes the ligaments. 
 
 SYNDESMOL'OGY, Syndesmolog"ia, from 
 syndesmos, 'a ligament,' and \oyog, 'a treatise, 
 discourse.' A treatise on the ligaments. 
 
 SYNDES'MO-PHARYNGE'US. A fasciculus 
 of the constrictor pharyngis superior. 
 SYNDESMOS, Ligament. 
 
 SYNDESMO'SIS, Synneuro'sis, Synyme'nesis, 
 Connex'io seu Sym'physis ligamento'sa, Commis'- 
 su'ra ner'vea, Connerva'tio, Golliga'tio, from syn- 
 desmos, 'ligament.' The articulation of two or 
 more bones by means of ligament; — as of the 
 radius with the ulna. 
 
 SYNDESMOT'OMY, Syndesmotom'ia, from 
 syndesmos, 'ligament,' and Tcpivhi, 'I cut or dis- 
 sect.' Dissection of the ligaments. 
 SYNDESMUS, Bandage, Ligament. 
 
 SYN'DROME, from syn, andSpo/iog, 'a course.' 
 Concur'sus, Concourse. A name given by the 
 Empirical Sect to the union of symptoms which 
 takes place in diseases : — Syndrome pletho'rica, 
 for example, meant the union of symptoms pro- 
 duced by plethora. 
 
 SYNDYASMUS, Coition. 
 
 SYNECHES, see Continued fever. 
 
 SYNECHI'A, from syn, apd ex^iv, ' to have,' or 
 ' to hold.' Adhesion between the iris and trans- 
 parent cornea, or between the iris and crystalline 
 lens. The former case is called Synechia ante'- 
 rior ; the latter, S. poste'rior. 
 
 SYNENERGIA, Synergy. 
 
 SYNERGIA, Synergy. 
 
 SYNERGIE, Synergy. 
 
 SYN'ERGY, Synergi'a, Syneneryi'a, (F.) Sy- 
 nergic; from syn, and tpyov, 'work.' A correla- 
 tion or concourse of action between different or- 
 gans in health ; and, according to some, in disease. 
 
 SYNESIS, Intellect. 
 
 SYNEUROSIS, Syndesmosis. 
 
 SYNEZI'SIS, Synize'sis, Considen'tia, from 
 syn, and ^cvyvvsiv, 'to join.' 
 
 Synezi'sis Pupill'^.Poj-o^j'sjs Synizesis,Cali'- 
 go d Synizesi, Caligo seu Imperfora'tio seu Phthi- 
 sis j}vpill(S, Amyo'sis, Closure or occlu'sion or ob- 
 Htera'tion of the Piipil. This disease is sometimes 
 a faulty conformation, depending upon the con- 
 tinued existence of the membrana pupillaris, or 
 the absence of the pupil. It is, in other words, 
 congenital. At other times, it is owing to acci- 
 dent, and supervenes on violent ophthalmia, or 
 on the operation for cataract. They who are 
 aifected with synezizis are completely blind : the 
 iris having no central aperture. In certain cases, 
 a remedy may be obtained by making an opening 
 in the iris, which may supply the place of the 
 pupil, and through which the rays of light may 
 reach the retina. This operation is called the 
 opieration for artificial pupil. 
 
 SYNGENES, Hereditary. 
 
 SYNGENICUS, Congenital. 
 
 SYNHYMENESIS, Synymenesis. 
 
 SYNIMENESIS, Synymenesis. 
 
 SYNIZESIS, Considentia, Synezisis. 
 
 SYNNEUROSIS, Syndesmosis. 
 
 SYN'OCHA, from owc'xui, {aw, and cyu>, 'I 
 have or hold,') 'I continue.' Inflam'matory or 
 Dynam'ic Fever, Angiop'yra, Sthenop'yra, Febria 
 causo'des seu caumato'des seu deu'rens seu ardens 
 seu contin'ua sanguin'ea seu contin'na non putris 
 seu acmas'tica seu acu'tu seu acn'ta sangnin'ea 
 seu con'tinens seu continens non jiu'trida seu an~ 
 gioten'ica seu sthenica seu sanguin'ea seu in- 
 fammato'ria, Homot'onos, Syn'ochns (Vogel), S. 
 impu'tris (Galen), Ene'cia cauma seu ton'ica, 
 Phlogop'yrus, Cauma, Calentura continua, (F.) 
 Fievre ardente ou continente inflammatoire ou 
 sanguine ou irritative ou angeiotenique ou in- 
 flammatoire, Gastro-enterile intense ; General in- 
 flammation. A species of continued fever, cha- 
 racterized by increased heat; and by quick, 
 strong, and hard pulse ; urine high-coloured ; dis- 
 turbance of mind slight. It requires, of course, 
 the most active treatment. 
 
 Synocha Rheumatica, Rheumatism, acute — s. 
 Vaccina, Vaccina. 
 
 SYN'OCHAL, Synocha'lis; same etymon. Re- 
 lating to, or having the characters of, synocha. 
 
 SYN'OCHUS, Ene'cia syn'ochus, Fehris lenta, 
 (LinniBus,) same etymon. Continued fever, com- 
 pounded of synocha and typhus: — in its com- 
 mencement often resembling the former; In its 
 progress, the latter: Mixed fever, Common con- 
 tinued fever, Syn' ochoid fever. See Continued 
 fever. Fever, and Typhus. 
 
 Synochus, Synocha — s. Biliosa, Fever, gastric, 
 Fever, bilious — s. Catarrhalis, Influenza — s. Icte- 
 
SYNOLCE 
 
 891 
 
 SYPHILIS 
 
 rodes, Fever, yellow — s. Imputris, Synocha — s. 
 Miliaria, Miliary fever — s. Varicella, Varicella. 
 
 SYNOLCE, Spasm. 
 
 SYNONIA, Synovia. 
 
 SYNOSTEOG'RAPHY, Si/no8t.eogra'pMa,{Tom 
 syn, oartov, a 'bone,' and yp^'P^i 'I describe.' 
 The part of anatomy which describes the joints. 
 
 SYNOSTEOL'OGY, Synosteolog"{a, from syn, 
 odTEov, 'a bone,' and }^oyos, 'a treatise.' A trea- 
 tise on the joints. 
 
 SYNOSTEO'SIS, Synosto'sis, from syn, and 
 OdTsov, 'a bone.' Union by means of bone. 
 
 SYNOSTEOT'OMY, Synosteotom'ia, from syn, 
 'with,' oartov, 'a bone,' and rejivtiv, 'to cut.' 
 Dissection of the joints. 
 
 SYNOSTOSIS, Synosteosis. 
 
 SYNO'VIA, from syn, and aov, 'an egg.' 
 Mueila'go, Un'f/uen sen Unguen'tum seu Smegma 
 articula' re, Syno'nia, Axuu'yia articula'ris, Muei- 
 la'go articulo'rum sea junctura' rum, Humor arti- 
 cula'ris, Nydrarthrus, Humor seu Hn'michnn nati'- 
 vum seu Gluten articulo'rum, Arthrohydrine, (E.) 
 Synovie. A fluid resemblingthe white of egg, which 
 is exhaled by the synovial membranes surround- 
 ing the moveable articulations. The synovia has 
 been found, on analysis, to consist of water, albu- 
 men, soda, chloride of sodium, phosphate of lime, 
 and — Fourcroy fancied — uric acid. Its use is 
 to lubricate the joints, and the sheaths in which 
 tendons play. 
 
 SYNO'VIAL, Synovia'lis. That which relates 
 to the synovia. 
 
 Synovial, Glands, Havers's Glands, Gland'idcB 
 articula' res seu Synovia'les seu Haversia'ncB, are 
 the secretory fringes, which float in the interior 
 of the synovial capsules (see Capsules.) They 
 do not seem to be glandular. They have been 
 called St/tw'vial Jim'bricB, (F.) Franges synoviales. 
 
 SYNOVI'TIS, from Synovia, and itis, a ter- 
 mination denoting inflammation. A term, badly 
 compounded, applied at times to inflammation 
 of the sj'novial membrane, arthrophlogo' sis syno- 
 via'lis. AVhen it alFects the bursas, it is, some- 
 times called Bursi'tis. 
 
 Synovitis Rheumatismalis, Rheumatism, 
 (acute.) 
 
 SYN'TASIS, cvvTaatq, from avvTtivui, (aw, and 
 Tcivoi, '1 stretch,') 'I strain.' Tension of parts: 
 hence (Tuvranxa^re medicines which render parts 
 tense. Syntex'is, on the other hand, means Colli- 
 qua'tio, or wasting of the bodyj frQm avvT7]Kii>, 
 'I melt together.' 
 
 SYNTAXIS. Articulation, Reduction, Taxis— 
 s. Serrata, see Suture. 
 
 SYNTECOPYRA, Hectic fever. 
 
 SYNTECTYCOPYRA, Hectic fever. 
 
 SYNTENO'SIS, from syn, and rcviav, 'a ten- 
 don.' A species of articulation in which two 
 bones are joined by means of tendon ; as the sesa- 
 moid bones with the toes, the rotula with the 
 tibia, &c. 
 
 SYNTERESIS, Prophylaxis. 
 
 SYNTERETICUS, Prophylactic. 
 
 SYNTEXIS, CoUiquation, Consumption, see 
 Syntasis. 
 
 SYNTHENA. A term employed by Paracel- 
 sus to designate a species of epilepsy, accompanied 
 by cardialgia and tormina. 
 
 SYN'THESIS, Reu'nio, 'composition or put- 
 ting together,' from syn, and Ti^rjfiL, 'I place.' A 
 surgical operation, which consists in uniting parts 
 that are divided ; and approximating such as are 
 separated or distant from each other. Reu'nio 
 par'tiuin separata' rum, Syn'tliesis of continu'ity, 
 means the union of the edges of a wound, or the 
 approximation of the extremities of a fractured 
 bone. Synthesis of contigu'ity is the reduction 
 of displaced organs ; as in cases of hernia and 
 luxations. 
 
 Synthesis, Composition. 
 
 SYNTHETIS'MUS, same etymon. The ag- 
 gregate of operations and means for reducing a 
 fracture, and maintaining it reduced :^ — compris- 
 ing extension, counter-extension, coaptation, and 
 bandaging. 
 
 SYNTONINE, see Fibrin. 
 
 SYNTRIMMA, Contritio. 
 
 SYNTRIPSIS, Contritio. 
 
 SYNTROPHOS, Connutritus. 
 
 SYXULOSIS, Cicatrization. 
 
 SYNULOTICA, Cicatrisantia. 
 
 SYNUSIA, Coition. 
 
 SYNYME'NESIS, Synhyme'nesis, Synime'ne- 
 sis, from syn, and 'vfivv, 'a membrane.' Union 
 of bones by membrane, as in the case of the 
 bones of the head in the foetus. 
 
 Synymenesis, Syndesmosis. 
 
 SYPHAR, Peritoneum. 
 
 SYPHILIDES, SypMli'da,(F.) Bermo-sypM- 
 lides, Hermatosies veroleuses. Same etymon as 
 Syphilis. The cutaneous eruptions that accom- 
 pany constitutional syphilis are so denominated 
 by the French writers. 
 
 SYPHILID lA'TER, Syphilidia'trus, from Sy- 
 pJiilis, and larpos, 'a physician.' A pox doctor. 
 One who occupies himself in treating syphilis. 
 
 SYPHILIDOMANIA, Syphilomania. 
 
 SYPHILIPHO'BIA, from Syphilis and ((.ojlos, 
 'dread.' A morbid dread of syphilis, giving rise 
 to fancied S3'mptoms of the disease : a form of hy- 
 pochondriasis. 
 
 SYPH'ILIS, S. vene'rea seu malig'na, Siphi- 
 lis. Syphilis' mtts, Cachex'ia seu Cacochyni'in Ve- 
 ne'rea, 3/alum vene'reum, Puden'dagra, Jle'viiim, 
 Lues, L. vene'rea seu syphilis, Morbus Gal'iicus 
 seu Ital'icus seu Hispan'icus seu Neajyjlita'nua 
 seu In'dicus seu ajihrodis'ius, Patttrsu, Basilis'- 
 cus. Bom, Sod'oma G alio' rum ; Venereal, Vene- 
 real Disease, Pox, French. Pox, French Crust, 
 French Distemper, Foul Disease, old cant term, 
 Grincomes, (Prov.) Pip, (Sc.) Glengore, Glengour, 
 Grandgore, (F.) Verole, Maladie vhierienne, Mai 
 de Naples, 3Ial FranQais, Mcdadie de Venus. 
 The etymology of syphilis is unknown. Some 
 consider it to proceed from avg, 'a hog,' and 
 (piXtoi, 'I love;' others, from aw, 'with,' and 
 (piXco), 'I love;' and others, with more proba- 
 bility, from cirpXoi, — formed, by contraction, 
 from triTraXof, — 'a reproach,' &c. It is an infec- 
 tious disease, communicable by coition, or by the 
 contact of parts that are only lined with a thin 
 epidermis; as the lips, nipple, &g. It generally 
 makes its first appearance bj' a chancre, followed 
 sooner or later by a bubo. The chancre is a pri- 
 mary symptom or sore; but there are others 
 which are secondary or constitutional. These 
 are: — ulcers in the throat; copper- coloured 
 blotches on the skin ; pains in the bones, nodes, 
 &c. : the last are sometimes termed tertiary phe- 
 nomena. The origin of syphilis is not known. 
 It is believed to have been introduced into 
 Europe from America, at the end of the 15th 
 century [?]. Its progress is extremely variable, 
 as well as its duration, which is often unlimited, 
 if left to itself. Mercury may be esteemed the 
 best remedy, but the disease admits of cure with- 
 out it. Almost every antisyphilitic composition, 
 whose use is attended with success, probably con- 
 tains mercury united with diaphoretics or other 
 medicines. It is generally sufficient to keep the 
 mouth sore for a fortnight for the cure of chancre : 
 for venereal sore throat, and other recent consti- 
 tutional symptoms, eight or ten weeks will be 
 required ; and, of course, a longer time, if these 
 symptoms have persisted longer. Sometimes, 
 after mercury has been given for a time, the 
 symptoms continue stationary; and do not yield 
 until the mercury has been discontinued, and 
 
STPHILISATIOX 
 
 892 
 
 SYEUP 
 
 tonics and eutrophics have been administered. 
 The preparations of iodine have been much used, 
 of late, in the revellent treatment of this disease. 
 Syphilis Indica, Framboesia. 
 Syphilis Pseudo-Syphilis, Lues Syphilo'des, 
 Pseudo-si;yhilis. A term given to ulcers or other 
 affections that resemble syphilis, but are inde- 
 terminate in their character, — the symptoms 
 being irregular in their appearance, and usually 
 yielding spontaneously, or under the use of tonics, 
 change of air, <fcc. The condition has not been 
 at all well defined. The Sivvens, Eadesyge, <fcc., 
 have been referred to this head. 
 SYPHILISATION, Syphilization. 
 SYPHILISMU3, Syphilis. 
 SYPHILIT'IC, Syphilit'icus, (P.) SuphiUt- 
 ique, Verolique, VeroU. Belonging, or relating to 
 syphilis — as 'a syphilitio ulcer.' 
 
 SYPHILIZA'TION, SypMlisa'tio, (F.) Syphi- 
 liwdion. Saturation of the system \>y inoculation 
 with the matter of syphilis. It has been used as 
 a curative procedure in syphilis, as well as a pre- 
 ventive of that disease; and for the cure of other 
 cachexiae, as cancer. 
 
 SYPHILODBRM'A, from syphilis, and Bep^ta, 
 'skin.' A cutaneous eruption of a syphilitic 
 character. — E. Wilson. 
 
 SYPHILOG'RAPHER, from eyiMlis, and 
 Ypaipia, ' I describe.' A writer on syphilis. 
 
 SYPH'ILOID, Si/philoVdes; from syphilis, 
 andciiog, 'resemblance.' Resembling syphilis, — 
 as ' a syphiloid affection.' 
 
 SYP'hILOMA'NIA, Syphilidoma'nia, — vn\- 
 garly, Noddle Pox. A mania, with which some 
 persons are affected, so that they subject them- 
 selves to antivenereal treatment, under the erro- 
 neous impression that they are affected with 
 syphilis. 
 
 SYPHITA, Somnambulism. 
 SYPHOAURICULARIS, Otenchytes. 
 SYPHON, see Siphon. 
 
 SYRIGMOPHO'NIA, from civpiy,xog, 'piping,' 
 and (piiivn, 'voice.' A piping state of the voice. 
 SYRIGMUS, Tinnitus aurium. 
 SYRINGxi, Eustachian Tube, Fistula, Syringe, 
 Trachea — s. Clysmatica, Syringe, (Clyster.) 
 
 Syrim'ga Vulga'ris, Lilac vulc/a'ris. Common 
 Lilac. Ord. Oleaceae. The leaves and fruit are 
 bitter and somewhat acrid, and have been used 
 as tonics and antiperiodics. 
 
 SYRINGE, Syr'inx, Syrin'ga, Sipho Siphun'- 
 cultis. Squirt, (F. ) Seringue, from avpiy^, avpiyyog, 
 'a pipe.' A familiar apparatus through which 
 an)' liquor is injected. 
 
 Various forms of syringe are used in medicine 
 and surgery. 
 
 Syringe, Clyster, Syrin'ga clysmat'ica, Clys- 
 antU'um, (F.) Clysop)ompe. A syringe for ad- 
 ministering clysters. 
 
 Syringe, Cupping, Antlia sanguisuga. 
 SYRINGES AERIFERI, see Bronchia. 
 SYRINGICUS, Fistulous. 
 SYRINGI'TIS EUSTA'CHII, Inflammation 
 of the Eustachian tube. 
 
 SYRINGMOS, Tinnitus aurium. 
 SYRINGODES, Fistulous. 
 
 SYRINGOTOME, Syringot'omns, Syringot'- 
 omutn, from avpiy^, avpiyyog, 'a pipe,' 'a fistula,' 
 and rsuvitv, 'to cut.' A surgical instrument, for- 
 merly used in the operation ior fistula in ano. It 
 is a bistouri, concave at its edge, and terminated 
 by a long, flexible, probe-pointed stylet. This 
 stylet or probe was first introduced by the ex- 
 ternal opening of the fistula into the rectum, 
 whence it was drawn externally through the 
 anus, carrying with it the cutting edge of the 
 instrument, which divided the intermediate 
 parts. 
 
 SYRINGOT'OMY, Syringotom'ia. Same ety- 
 mon as the last. The operation for fistula in ano 
 by incision. 
 
 SYRINX, Eustachian tube, Fistula, Syringe, 
 Trachea — s. Hiera, Vertebral column. 
 
 SYRMAIS'MOS, from ovpnailui, ' I evacuate.' 
 A gentle evacuation by vomiting or stool. 
 
 SYROr, Syrup — s. d'Ail, Syrupus allii — s. 
 d'Armoise conqwse, Syrupus aromaticus — s. de 
 Ghicoree compose, Syrupus de cichorio eomposi- 
 tus — s. des Cinq racines, Syrupus e quinque ra- 
 dicibus — s. de Coquelicot, Syrupus rhoeados — s.de 
 Cuisinier, Syrupus de sarsaparilla et senna com- 
 positus — s. d'Ether, Syrupus cum aethere sulphu- 
 rico paratus — s. de Gingemhre, S3'rupus zingibe- 
 ris — s. de Guimauve, Sj'rupus althffiEe — «. de 
 Longne vie, Mellitum de mercuriali compositum — 
 s. de 3Iercure, Syrupus de mereurio median te gum- 
 mi — s. de 31ou de veau, see Syrupus zingiberis — s. 
 de 31iires, Syrupus mori — s. de Nerpriin, Syrupus 
 rhamni — ». de Pavots blancs, Syrupus papaveris 
 — «. de Pommes compose, see Syrupus sennse — s. 
 de Quinquina avec le Vin, Syrupus de kina kin^ 
 cum vino — s. de Poses pales, Syrupus rosee — s. 
 de Poses rouges, Syrupus rosse — s. de Vinaigre, 
 S. aceti. 
 
 SYRUP, Sirup, Syr'upus, Serapi'um, Serape'- 
 urn, (F.) Syrop, Sirop, Saccharole liquide,Sacchar- 
 hydrole; derived, according to some, from avpio, ' I 
 draw,' and oiros, 'juice;' but more probably, from 
 the Arabic Sirtiph, Sirab, or Scharab, which sig- 
 nifies ' a potion.' A saturated solution of sugar 
 in water, either simply, or united with some 
 vegetable or other principle. Syrups, in general, 
 require two pounds of sugar to the pint, and they 
 are judged to be sufficiently boiled when a por- 
 tion, taken up in a spoon, flows like oil. In the 
 Pharmacopoeia of the United States, it is directed, 
 that syrups, whose density is not precisely deter- 
 mined by the process, should have the s. g. 1'261 
 when boiling, and about 1-319 at ordinary tem- 
 peratures. Syrups should be kept in small bot- 
 tles in a cool place. They are chiefly used to 
 render medicines palatable. See Syrupus sim- 
 plex. 
 
 Syeup of Almonds, Syrupus amygdalae . 
 Syrup, Antiscorbutic, Syrupus antiscorbu- 
 ticus — s. Balsamic, Syrupus tolutanus. 
 
 Syrup of Buckthorn, Syrupus rhamni — s. of 
 Calf's lungs, see Syrupus zingiberis — s. of Capil- 
 laire, common, Syrupus simplex — s. of Cinchona 
 with wine, Syrupus de kina kin^ cum vino — s. 
 of Cinehonia, Syrupus cinchoniae — s. of Citric 
 acid, Syrupus acidi citrici — s. of Clove July 
 flower, Syrupus earyophylli rubri — s. of Clove 
 pinks, Syrupus Caryophylli rubri — s. of Cochi- 
 neal, Syrupus cocci — s. of Emetine, Syrupus 
 emetina3 — s. of Ether, Syrupus cum sethere sul- 
 phurico paratus — s. of Five roots, Syrupus e 
 quinque radicibus — s. of Garlic, Syrupus allii — s. 
 of Ginger, Syrupus zingiberis — s. of Gum Arabic, 
 Sj'rupus acaciffi. 
 
 Syrup, Hive, Syrupus scillee compositus. 
 Syrup of Honey, Mellitum simplex — s. of 
 Iodide of iron, Liquor Ferri iodidi — s. of Ipeca- 
 cuanha, Syrupus ipecacuanhas — s. of Jalap, 
 Syrupus jalapae — s. of Lemon, Syrupus limo- 
 nis — s. of Marshmallow, Syrupus althaBse — 
 s. of Meadow safi'ron, Syrupus colchici au- 
 tumnalis — s. of acetate of Morphia, Syrupus 
 morphijB acetatis — s. of muriate of Morphia, Sy- 
 rupus morphice muriatis — s. of Mugwort, com- 
 pound, Sj'rupus aromaticus — s. of Mulberries, 
 Syrupus mori — s. of Orange juice, see Syrupus 
 aurantii — s. of Orange peel, Syrupus aurantii — 3. 
 of Orgeat, Syrupus amygdalse — s. of Poppies, Sy- 
 rupus papaveris — s. of Poppy, red, Syrupus rhoe- 
 ados — s. of Quinia, Syrupus quinia3 — s. of Pihii- 
 
SYRUPUS 
 
 893 
 
 SYRUPUS 
 
 tany, Syrupus kramerise — s. of Rhubarb, Syrupus 
 rhei — s. of Rhubarb, aromatic, Syrupus rhei aro- 
 maticus — s. of Rhubarb, spiced, Syrupus rhei 
 aromaticus — s. of Roses, Syrupus rosse — s. of 
 Roses, red, Syrupus rosae gallicee— s. of Saffron, 
 Syrupus croci — s. of Sarsaparilla, Syrupus sarsa- 
 parilias — s. of Sarsaparilla and senna, compound, 
 Syrupus de sarsaparilla et senna compositus — s. 
 of Sarsaparilla, compound, see Syrupus de sar- 
 saparilla et senna compositus — s. of Sarsaparilla, 
 Indian, Syrupus hemidesmi — s. of Scammony, 
 Syrupus de scammoniee — s. of Seneka, Sy- 
 rupus senegse — s. of Senna, Syrupus sennse — s. 
 Simple, Syrupus simplex — s. of Squill, Syrupus 
 scillse — s. of Squill, compound, Syrupus scilliie 
 compositus — s. of Succory, compound, Syrupus 
 de eichorio compositus — s. of Tolu, Syrupus tolu- 
 tanus — s. of Vinegar, Syrupus aeeti — s. of Vio- 
 lets, Syrupus violae — s. of Wild cherry bark, Sy- 
 rupus Pruni Virginianae. 
 SYRUPUS, S. simplex. 
 
 Syrupus Aca'ci^, Syrup of Gum Arabic, (Aca- 
 ciw .^ij. Sacchar. ^xv, Aq. f^viij. Dissolve the 
 gum in the water ; add the sugar, and strain. 
 Ph. U. S.) A good pectoral syrup. Dose, f Jj to 
 
 Syrupus Ace'ti, S. Ac"idi Aceto'si, Syrup of 
 Vinegar, (F.) Syrop de Vinaigre. (Aceti Oiiss, 
 sacch. purif. Ibiiiss. Boil to form a syrup. Ph. 
 E.) It is refrigerant and antiseptic. Dose, f ^j 
 to f^ij. 
 
 Syrupus Acidi Acetosi, S. aceti. 
 Syrupus Ac"idi Cit'rici, Syrup of Citrio Acid. 
 (Acid. C77nc. pulv. 5'j ; 01. Limon. V!\Ji\- ; Syrup. 
 Oij. Rub the acid and oil with an ounce of the 
 syrup ; add the rest of the syrup, and dissolve 
 with a gentle h'eat. Ph. U. S.) Virtues the same 
 as those of the Syrupus Limonis. 
 
 Syrupus cum JjI'there Sulphu'rico Para- 
 TUS, Syrup of Ether, (F.) Syrup d'ether. (Very 
 pure sugar, 1000 p. ; distilled loater, 500 p. ; dis- 
 solve in the cold, and strain ; add sulphuric ether, 
 48 p. Shake for five or six days, and draw oiF 
 the limpid syrup. Ph. L.) Properties like those 
 of ether. 
 
 Syrupus Al'lii, Syrtip of Garlic, (F.) Syrop 
 d'ail. {Aim recent, concis. ,^vj, acet. destillat. 
 Oj, saccliar, ftij. Macerate the garlic in the vi- 
 negar, in a glass vessel, for four days ; then ex- 
 press the liquor and set it by, that the dregs may 
 subside ; lastly, add the sugar to the clear liquor, 
 and proceed in the manner directed for syrup. 
 Ph. II. S.) Use, same as that of garlic. Dose, 
 f 3J to f.^iv. 
 
 Syrupus Alth^'^, S. ex Altha'd seu de Al- 
 thcBO, seu AlthcBCB offieina'lis, Syrup of Ifarsh- 
 malloio, (F.) Syrop de Guimauve. {Althcece rad. 
 recent, cont. tbss, sacch. pur. Ibij, aqna Oiv. Boil 
 the root in the water to one-half, and press out 
 the liquor; when cold, defecate; add the sugar, 
 and boil. Ph. L.) Emollient and demulcent. 
 Dose, f 5J to f^^iij. 
 
 Syrupus Amomi Zingiberis, S. zingiberis. 
 
 Syrupus Amyg'dal^, Syrup of Almonds, S. 
 of Orgeat, Orgeat. (Amygdal. dulc. ibj, amygdal. 
 amar. ^iv, aqum, Oiij, sacchar. Ibvj. Blanch the 
 almonds, and rub them in a mortar to a very fine 
 paste, adding, during the trituration, three fluid- 
 ounces of the water, and a pound of the sugar. 
 Mix the paste thoroughly with the remainder of 
 the water ; strain with strong expression : add 
 the remainder of the sugar to the strained liquor, 
 and dissolve it with the aid of a gentle heat. 
 Strain the syrup through fine linen, and having 
 allowed it to cool, put it into bottles, which must 
 be well stopped, and kept in a cool place. Ph. 
 U.S.) 
 
 Syrupus Anticausoticus, see Anticausodic. 
 
 Syrupus Antiscorbu'ticus, S. de Armora'cid 
 
 compositus, Antiscorhu'tic Syrnp. (Leaves of 
 cochlearia, huckbean, water-cresses, horse-radish 
 root and bitter oranges, each Ibj, cinnamon, ^iss. 
 Cut, and pour on white wine Ibiv. Macerate for 
 two days ; distil over Oj in a sand-bath ; pdd 
 to this sugar, tbij, and form a syrup. Again, 
 take what remains in the cucurbit : jiass it 
 through cloth ; let it rest; decant, and add sugar 
 Ibij ; make into a syrup, and clarify with white 
 of egg. Mix it with the first while yet warm. 
 Ph. P.) Antiscorbutic, alterative, tonic, stoma- 
 chic, &c. Dose, f^ij to f^ij. 
 
 Syrupus Aromat'icus, S. de Artemis'id com- 
 positus, Comjjound Syrup of Mugivort, (F.) Syrop 
 d'armoise compose. (Tops of artemisia vulgaris, 
 in flower, ^vj, inula root, ligusticum levisticum, 
 SiTid fennel, each, §ss, pennyroyal, catmint, savine 
 leaves, each 3vi, marjoram, hyssop, pyrethrum, 
 rue, basil, each ^iij, aniseed and cinnamon, each 
 ^ix : bruise and macerate in hydromel Ibxviij ; 
 distil over Oss ; add to this a pound of sugar. 
 Again, take the liquid that remains in the cucur- 
 bit, strain it gently; and add sugar Sjiv. Then 
 mix the two. Ph. P.) Tonic, emmenagogue, 
 &c. 
 
 Syrupus de Armoracia Compositus, S. anti- 
 soorbuticus — s. de Artemisia compositus, S. anti- 
 scorbuticus — s. Asparagi, see Asparagus. 
 
 Syrupus Auran'tii, S. Aurantio' rum sen Citri 
 Aurantii seu Cor'ticis Anrantii seu Auranlii Cor- 
 ticis (Ph. U. S.) seu e Cortic"ibus Aurantio'rum 
 seu de Cortice Aurantio'rum, Syrup of Orange 
 peel. (Aurant. cort. cont. §ij, aq. ferv. Oj, sacch. 
 Ibijss. Macerate the peel in the water for twelve 
 hours. Add the sugar. Ph. U. S.) Stomachic. 
 Dose, f 3j to f^ij. 
 
 A Syrup of Orange Juice, Orange Sherbet, Sy- 
 rupus e succo Aurantiorum, may be made by add- 
 ing white sugar Ibij to R)j of the juice of oranges, 
 strained and clarified. 
 
 Syrupus Balsamicus, S. tolutanus. 
 Syrupus Caryophyl'li Rubri, S. lufusio'nis 
 florum caryophyllo'rum, S. Itianthi Caryophylli, 
 Syrup of Clove July flower or of Clove Pinks. 
 (Petalorum dianth., caryoph. recent., unguibus 
 resectis, Ibj, aqua bull. Oiv, sacch. purif. Ibvij. 
 Ph. E.) Aromatic. 
 
 Syrupus Cassia SenNjE, S. sennaj. 
 Syrupus be Cicho'rio Compos'itus, S. de 
 Rheo, Compound Syrup of Succory, (F^ Syrop de 
 chicoree compose. (Root of succory ^vj, leaves 
 of succory 5ix, leaves of fumitory and scolopen- 
 drium, each ,^iij, Alkekengi berries §ij. Boil in 
 water Oxiv to Oxij : pass through cloth, and dis- 
 solve in ivhite sugar ftv. Boil till it has the con- 
 sistence of syrup. Again, take water Oviij, rhu- 
 barb Svj, yellow Sanders and cinnamon, each ^^ss. 
 Infuse for twenty-four hours; pass through linen, 
 and add the preceding syrup. Ph. P.) It is 
 laxative and stomachic. Dose, f 3.) to fgss. 
 
 Syrupus CiNCHONiE cum Vino, S. de kina kinS, 
 cum vino. 
 
 Syrupus Cixcho'ni^, Syrup of Cincho'nia. 
 (Simple syrup one pound ; sulphate of cinchonia 
 nine grains. Mix.) Six spoonfuls are commonly 
 sufficient to arrest an intermittent. 
 Syrupus Citri Aurantii, S. aurantii. 
 Syrupus Cocci, Syrup of Cochineal. (Cocc. 
 cont. Qiv, Aq. destillat. bnllient. Oj (Imp. meas.), 
 sacchar. tbiij, vel q. s. ;iS}j. rectificat. f^^iiss, vel 
 q. s. Ph. L.) Chiefly used as a coloring agent. 
 
 Syrupus Col'chici Autum^a'lis, S. Colchici, 
 Syruj) of Meadoiv Saffron. (Rad. colch. autumn, 
 recent. 5J, acidi acetosi, f^xvi, sacch. pur. ^^xxvj. 
 Macerate the root in the vinegar for two days, 
 occasionally shaking the vessel; then strain with 
 gentle expression. To the strained fluid add the 
 sugar, and boil to a syrup. _PA. E.) Diuretic, 
 antiarthritic. Dose, f.^j to f5ss, or more. 
 
STRUPUS CROCI 
 
 894 
 
 SYRUPUS RHEI 
 
 Strupus Cokticis Auranth, S. aurantii — s. 
 Citri medicae, S. limonum — s. e Succo citronum, 
 S. limonum. 
 
 Syrupi'S Croci, Syrup of Saffron. (Croci 
 etigmat. ^j, aqxias fervent. Oj, saccJi. piirif. Ibiiss. 
 Ph. L.) Cardiac. Chiefly used for colouring. 
 
 Syrctpus Diacodion, Diacodium — s. Dianthi 
 Caryophylli, S. caryophylli rubri. 
 
 Syrupus EiiETi'NiE, Syrup of Em'etine. [Sim- 
 ple syrup Ibj, emetine 16 gr.) In small doses, ex- 
 pectorant; and in large, emetic. 
 
 Syrdpds Empyreumaticus, Melasses — s. Ferri 
 iodidi, Liquor Ferri iodidi. 
 
 Syrupus ^F.yim'n^.'m, Syrup of In'dian Sarsa- 
 parill'a. (Hemideam. cont. ^iv (avoirdup.), Aq. 
 destillat. hidlient. Oj (Imp. meas.), sacchar. q. s. 
 Ph. D.) A weak preparation of hemidesmus. 
 
 Syrupus Hydrargyri, Syrupus de mercuric 
 mediante gummi — s. Infusionis florum caryophyl- 
 lorum, Syrupus caryophylli rubri. 
 
 Syrupus Ipecacuan'HjE, Syrup of Ipecacuan- 
 ha. {Ipecac, in pulv. crass. §j, alcohol, dilut. Oj, 
 sacchar. Ibiiss, aquce q. s. Macerate the ipecacu- 
 anha in the alcohol for 14 days, and filter. Eva- 
 porate the filtered liquor to 6 fluidounces, again 
 filter, and add suflicient water to make the liquid 
 measure a pint; add the sugar, and evaporate by 
 a water-bath to a proper consistence. Ph. U. S.) 
 It may also be prepared by displacement. 
 
 Syrupus de Jalap'a, Syrup of Jalap. (Pulv. 
 Jalapa^x, sem. coriandr., foi>nicul. dulc. aa ^ss ; 
 aqum f^xijss, sncch. ^xxv. Ph. P.) Cathartic. 
 Dose, f ^ij to f,^ss for children. 
 
 Syrupus de Kina Kina cum Vino, S. Cincho'- 
 nm cum vino, Syrup of Cinchona with wine, (F.) 
 Syrop de quinquina avec levin. [Cort. cinchoncB 
 officinalis ^ij, ext. cinchoncB ^vj, vini alhi {Yin. 
 Lunel. seu cujusvis ei similis,) Oj, alcohol (s. g. 
 •985 to '915. ) f^j, sacchar. alb. ftiss. Bruise 
 the cinchona; gradually add the alcohol, so as 
 to form a soft mass ; pour on the wine ; macerate 
 for two days, and strain. Dissolve the extract, 
 add the sugar, and make a syrup. 'Ph. P.) Dose, 
 f ^ss to f ,^j. 
 
 Syrupus Krame'ri^, Syrup of Rhat'any. {Ext. 
 Kramer, ^ij, aqucB Oj, sacchar. Ibijss. Dissolve 
 the extract in the water, and filter; then add the 
 sugar, and form into syrup. Ph. U. S. It may 
 also be made by displacement from kramer. in 
 pulv. crass, ibj, sacchar. Ibiiss ; aq. q. s.) An 
 adjunct to astringent mixtures; or given in diar- 
 rhoea, a teaspoonful to a child. 
 
 Syrupus Lihonis, S. Limonum — s. Succi limo- 
 nis, S. limonum. 
 
 Syrupus Limo'num, S. limonis (Ph. U. S.) seu 
 citri med'iccB seu e succo citro'num seu e succo 
 limo'num seu succi limo'nie, Syrup of Lemon. Le- 
 mon Syrup. (Limon. succ. colat. Oj, sacchar. B>ij.) 
 Cooling, antiseptic. 
 
 Syrupus e Meconio, S. papaveris — s. de Melle, 
 Mellitum simplex. 
 
 Syrupus de Mercu'rio Median'te Gummi, S. 
 Hydrar'gyri, 3Iercu' rius gtimmo'sus Plenck'ii, (F.) 
 Syrop de mercure, 3lercure gommeux de Plenck. 
 (Hydrargyri pur. ^j, p. gum. acacicB, ^^Ui syrup 
 diaeod. ^ss. Rub together till the mercury is 
 extinguished. Ph. P.) Possesses the properties 
 of blue pill. Dose, gr. ij to viij, or more. 
 
 Syrupus Mori, S. e succo moro'rum seu succi 
 mori, Syrup of Blid'herries, (F.) Syrop de mures. 
 {Mori succ. colat. Oj, sacchar. purif. Rij. Ph. L.) 
 Gratefully refrigerant. 
 
 Syrupus e Succo Mororum, S. mori. 
 
 Syrupus Morph'i^ Aceta'tis, Syrup of ace- 
 tate of morphia. {Liq. morphia acet. f Sj, syrup 
 f^xv. Ph. D.) Dose, f^ss to f^j, as an opiate. 
 
 Syrupus MoRPH'iiE Muria'tis, Syrup of mu'- 
 riate of morphia. {Liq. morph. muriat. f^j; 
 
 syrup fjxvij. M. Ph. D.) Dose, f gss to f §j, as 
 an opiate. 
 
 Syrupus Morphia Sulpha'tis may be made 
 in the same way. 
 
 Syrupus Niger, Melasses. 
 
 Syrupus Papav'eris, S. papaveris somniferi 
 seu papaveris albi seu emeco'nio seu de meconio, 
 Diaco'dium, Syrup of poppies, (F.) Syrop de pa- 
 vots hlancs ou Diacode. (Pajjav. capstd. exsiccat. 
 et contus. exemptis seminibus, §xiv, sacch. pivr. 
 tbij, aq. fervent, cong. ijss. Macerate the cap- 
 sules in water for 12 hours ; boil to a gallon, and 
 express strongly. Boil the liquor to Oij ; and 
 strain while hot. Defecate by rest, and boil to 
 Oj, adding the sugar so as to form a syrup. Ph. 
 L.) One ounce contains about one grain of opium. 
 Anodyne and demulcent. 
 
 The Dublin college has a Syrupus Opii, called 
 Common Syrup of Popj:)ies, v^hich is made by dis- 
 solving 18 grains of the Watery Extract of Opium 
 in 18 ounces of boiling water. Properties, those 
 of opium and syrup. 
 
 Syrupus de Papa verb Erratico, S. rhceados 
 — s. de Pomis compositus, see S. sennae. 
 
 Syrupus Protege, see Protea mellifera. 
 
 Syrupus Pruni Virginia's^, Syrup of Wild 
 cherry bark. (Pruni Virginian, in pulv. crass, 
 ^v, sacchar. Ibij, AqucB, q. s. Moisten the bark 
 with water; let it stand for 24 hours; transfer it 
 to a percolator; pour water gradually upon it, 
 until a pint of filtered liquor has passed. Add 
 the sugar in a bottle, and dissolve by agitation. 
 Ph. U. S., 1851.) Dose, as a demulcent expec- 
 torant, f !5J to f.^iij. 
 
 Syrupus e Pulmonibus Vitulinis, see Syrupus 
 Zingiberis. 
 
 Syrupus Qui'ni^, Syrup of Quinia. (Simple 
 syrup, 2 pints, sulphate of quinia, 64 grains.) Six 
 spoonfuls are commonly suflBeientto arrest an in- 
 termittent. 
 
 Syrupus e Quinque Radi'cibus, Symp of five 
 roots, (F.) Syrop des cinq racines. (Pad. apii, 
 foeniculi, apii pietroselini, aa ,^v. Infuse for 24 
 hours in boiling water Oiiss, and strain. Pad. 
 asparag., rusci aculeati, aa "^y, aqua, Ovij. Boil 
 and reduce to half; adding, towards the end, the 
 residue of the preceding infusion. Boil again for 
 some minutes ; strain, and add white sugar, Ibvj. 
 Ph. P.) Aperient and diuretic. Used in obstruc- 
 tions of the liver, spleen, and mesentery; and in 
 dropsy, &c. Dose, f^ss to f^j, or more. 
 
 Syrupus Rhamni, S. Rhamni cathar'tici seu de 
 Spina cervi'nd seu spincB cervi'ncB, Syrup of Puck- 
 thorn, (F.) Syrop de nerprun. (Rhamn. haccar. 
 succ. recent. Oiv, zingib. rad. concis., pimentcB 
 bacc. contrit., aa §ss, sacch. purif. Ibiiiss. Defe- 
 cate the juice for 3 days, and strain. To a pint 
 of this, add the ginger and pimento ; macerate for 
 4 hours, and strain ; boil what remains to Oiss. 
 Mix the liquors and add sugar, so as to form a 
 syrup. Ph. L.) Cathartic, but apt to gripe. Dose, 
 f 3iv to f ,^ij. 
 
 Syrupus Rhei, Syrup of Rhubarb. (Rhei, in 
 pulv. crass., ,^ij; Alcohol, Oss; Aqum, Oiss; sac- 
 char. ibij. Mix the alcohol and water; pour f§iv 
 on the rhubarb, mixed with an equal bulk of sand, 
 and allow the whole to stand four hours; put the 
 mass into a percolator, and gradually pour on the 
 alcohol and water. By means of a water-bath, 
 evaporate to f.^xiij ; add the sugar, and make a 
 syrup. Ph. U. S.) Dose to a child, as a laxa- 
 tive, one or two teaspoonfuls. 
 
 Syrupus Rhei Aromat'icus, Aromatic or 
 Spiced Syrup of Rhubarb. {Rhei eont. ^iiss; 
 Oaryophyl. cont., Cinnam. cont. aa ,^ss ; Myrist. 
 cont. 5ij ; Alcohol, dilut. Oij ; Syrup Ovj. Ma- 
 cerate the rhubarb and aromatics in the diluted 
 alcohol for 14 days, and strain ; then, by means 
 of a water-bath, evaporate the liquor to a pint, 
 
SYRUPUS DE RHEO 
 
 895 
 
 SYRUPUS ZINGIBERIS 
 
 and while still hot, mix with the syrup previously 
 heated. Ph. U. S.) It may also be made by the 
 process of displacement. 
 
 The aromatic syrup of rhubarb is a gentle car- 
 minative cathartic. Dose to a child, f 3J ; to an 
 adult, f,^j 
 
 Syrupus de Rheo, Syrupus de Cichorio com- 
 positus. 
 
 Syrupos Rhce'aDOS, jS". de pajtav'ere errat'ico 
 sen pa paveris erratici, Syrup of Bed Poppy, (F.) 
 Syrop de coqnelicot. (Ehoead. petal, recent, ftij, 
 aq. feri'ent.t^xvuj, saceh. purif. Ibiiss. To the 
 water, heated in a water-bath, add the petals. 
 Remove the vessel; macerate for 12 hours; ex- 
 press ; defecate, and add sugar to form a syrup. 
 Ph. L.) Chiefly used to give colour. 
 
 A factitious syrup is often made of aloes, dis- 
 solved in simple syrup. 
 
 Syrupus Ros^, S. rosa'rum soluii'vus sen e 
 roeis siccia seu roscB centifo'lia seu rosa'ceus 
 Boluti'vun, Syru]} of Eoses, (F.) Syrop de roses 
 pales. (Rosa centif. petal, exsicc. §vij, sacch. 
 purif. Ibvj, aq. fervent. Oiv. Macerate the petals 
 for 12 hours. Evaporate the strained liquor to 
 Ibiiss. Add the sugar. Ph. L.) Gently laxative. 
 Dose, f^ij to f5iss, or more. 
 
 Syrupus Ros^ Gal'lic^, Syrup of Red Rosea, 
 (F.) Syrnj) de roses rouges. {Rosa Gallic, petal. 
 exsicc. ,^vij, aqua hull. Ov, sacch. purif. Ibvj ; 
 prepared like the last. Ph. E.) Mildly astrin- 
 gent. Added to stomachic infusions. 
 Strupus Sacchari, S.. Simplex. 
 Syrupus Sarsaparil'l^, .S". Sarsa, S. Sarza, 
 Syrup of Sarsaparilla. (Rad. Sarsap. cont. ftj, 
 aqua bullient. cong., sacch. purif. Ibj. Macerate 
 the root for 24 hours ; boil to Oiv. Strain while 
 hot; add the sugar, and boil. Ph. L.) Used in 
 the same eases as the root. Dose, f3j to i^iv, 
 and more. 
 
 Syrupus de Sarsaparil'la et Senna Com- 
 POS'lTUS, Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla and 
 Senna, (P.) Syrop de Cuisinier. {Rad. Sarsap. 
 concis. Ibij. Infuse for 24 hours in warm water 
 Oxij ; boil for a quarter of an hour; pass with 
 expression, and boil again the residuum in Ox of 
 water. Reduce this to Ovj, and repeat the ope- 
 ration 2 or 3 times. Mix all the liquors and boil 
 them together ytith Jloioers of horoge, white roses, 
 senna leaves and aniseed, each ^^ij ; reduce to half; 
 pass, and add honey Ibij. Boil to a syrup. Ph. P.) 
 It is considered to be alterant, depurative, and 
 sudorific. Dose, f.^ss to f.^ij. 
 
 A similar syrup, under the name Syrupus 
 Sarsaparil'la Compos'itus, Compound Syrup 
 of Sarsaparilla, is directed in the Pharmacopceia 
 of the United States. {Sarsaparill. cont. ftij ; 
 Lign. guaiac. rasur. 5iij ; Rosa centifoL, Senna, 
 Glycyrrhiz. cont. aa ^'J >' ^^- Sassafras, 01. Anisi. 
 aa tT\,v. ; 01. GauUheria m. iij ; Alcohol, dilvt. 
 Ox. ; Sacchar. ftviij. Macerate the sarsaparilla, 
 guaiacum wood, roses, senna, and liquorice root 
 in the diluted alcohol for 14 days ; express and 
 filter. Evaporate the tincture in a warm bath to 
 four pints; filter, add the sugar, and form into 
 syrup. Lastly, having rubbed the oils with a 
 small quantity of the syrup, mix them thoroughly 
 with the remainder. Ph. U. S.) 
 
 It may also be made by the process of dis- 
 placement. 
 
 Syrupus Sarsa, S. Sarsaparillas — s. Sarzse, 
 S. Sarsaparillse. 
 
 Syrupus de Scammo'nio, Syrup of Scam'mony. 
 (Pulv. Scammon. ,^ss, sacch. alb. §iv, alcohol, 
 {s. g. -985 to '915) f§viij. Heat the mixture 
 moderately : then set fire to the alcohol with a 
 lighted taper; agitate constantly, until the flame 
 is extinguished. SuflFer it to cool ; pass through 
 cloth, and add Syrup of Violets, t^iv. Ph. P.) 
 
 5J contains 18 grains of scammony. Dose, f^j 
 to f ^ss. 
 
 Syrupus Scilla, S. scillit'icus seu sc'lla ma- 
 rit'ima. Syrup of Squills. {Acet. scilla. Oj, sacch. 
 Ibij. Ph. U. S.) Diuretic, expectorant, and 
 emetic. Used in the same cases as the oxymel. 
 Syrupus Scilla Compos'itus, Mel Scilla 
 Compositum, Compound Honey of Squill, Cotn- 
 pound Syrup of Squill, Hive Syrup. {Scilla 
 cont.; Senegte cont. aa §iv; Antim. et Pofassa 
 Tart. gr. xlviij ; Aqua Oiv; Sacchar. Ibiiiss. 
 Pour the water upon the squills and seneka, and, 
 having boiled to one-half, strain and add the 
 sugar. Then evaporate to three pints, and while 
 the syrup is still hot, dissolve in it the tartrate 
 of antimony and potassa. It may also be made 
 by the process of displacement. Ph. U. S.) 
 
 It is often given as an emetic in cases of croup, 
 and in catarrh, especially in children. Dose, to 
 infants, 10 drops to a drachm, repeated every 15 
 minutes, if vomiting be desirable. 
 
 Syrupus Sen'ega, Syrup of Senel-a. (Senega 
 cont. ^iv; Aqua Oj ; Sacchar. ftj. Boil the wa- 
 ter with the seneka to one half, and strain ; then 
 add the sugar, and form into syrup. Ph. U. S.) 
 It may also be formed by the process of dis- 
 placement. 
 
 This is a favourite stimulant expectorant [?] 
 with many practitioners. Dose, f^j or fju- 
 
 Syrupus Senna, S. cassia senna, Syrup of 
 Senna. (Senna §ij, sem. fcenicul. cont. 5J, sacch. 
 pur. ,^sv, aqua bullient. Oj. Macerate the senna 
 leaves and fennel-seeds with a gentle heat for an 
 hour. Strain : add the sugar, and make into a 
 syrup. Ph. U. S.) Cathartic. Dose, fgij to 
 f^^iss, or more. 
 
 The Parisian Codex has a Syrupus de Senna of 
 a compound character, called Syrupus de })omis 
 compos'itus, (F.) Syrop de pommes compose. It 
 contains, also, borage, bugloss, &c. Dose, f^ss 
 to fgij. 
 
 Syrupus Sijiplex, Syrupus (Ph. U. S.), S. 
 Sac'chari, Sac'charum elarifica'tum, Liqua'rium, 
 Simp>le Syrup, Syrup, Common syrup of capillaire. 
 (Sacch. jjurif. ftiiss, aqua Oj. Dissolve the sugar; 
 set aside for 24 hours; remove the scum, and pour 
 off the clear liquid.) Used to cover nauseous 
 tastes, &e. 
 
 Syrupus be Spina Cervina, Syrupus rhamni 
 — s. de Stoechade communis, see Lavendula. 
 
 Syrupus Toi.tjta'nus, aS". Toluta'ni seu toluif- 
 era bal'sami seu balsam'icus. Balsam' ie syrup. 
 Syrup of tolu. (Tinct. Tolut. f^iss ; Aqua Oj ; 
 Sacchar. ftiiss. Mix the tincture with the sugar 
 in coarse powder; expose it on a shallow dish to 
 a gentle heat, until the alcohol has evaporated; 
 pour the water upon it; heat gradually until tho 
 sugar is dissolved, and strain. Ph. U. S.) Use — 
 to give flavour. 
 
 Syrupus Vi'ola, ;S'. viola odora'fa, S. viola'- 
 rum, S. e s^icco viola'rum, Syrup of Violets. (Flor. 
 recent, viol, odorat. ftij. aq. bull. Oviij, sacch. pur, 
 ftxv. Macerate, in a covered vessel, for 24 hours : 
 pass, without expression, through linen ; add the 
 sugar so as to form a syrup. Ph, E.) "Very 
 gently laxative. Dose, f^j to f^'j- 
 Syrupus e Succo Violarum, S. violae. 
 Syrupus Zingib'eris, S. amo'mi zingiheris, 
 Syrup of Ginger, (F.) Syrop de gingemhre. { Tinct, 
 Zingib. f^iv; Aqua Oiv; Sacchar. ftx. Mix the 
 tincture with four pounds of the sugar in coarse 
 powder; and expose it in a shallow dish to a 
 gentle heat until the alcohol has evaporated. 
 Add the rest of the sugar, and then the water in 
 a covered vessel; heat gradually until the sugar is 
 dissolved, and strain. Ph. U. S.) To the strained 
 liquor add the sugar, and form a syrup. 
 
 N. B. The Parisian Codex containeri a few 
 1 other compound syrups besides those enume- 
 
STS 
 
 896 
 
 TABELL^ 
 
 rated; amongst these is a Si/riip of calf's lungs, 
 Syrupus e pulmon'ibus vituli'nis, (F.) Syrop de 
 mou de veau, as an espeetorant. 
 
 These syrups are made according to the usual 
 rule, and possess the virtues of the substances 
 after which they are named. 
 
 SYS, Sym. 
 
 STSPA'SIA, from avcirau), (crvv, and a-aa, '1 
 draw,') 'I contract.' Clonic spasm, with dimi- 
 nished sensibility and inability of utterance. A 
 genus in Good's Nosology, which includes con- 
 vulsion, epilepsy, and hysteria. 
 
 Syspasia Convulsio, Convulsion — s. Epilep- 
 sia, Epilepsy — s. Hysteria, Hysteria. 
 
 STSSARCO'SIS, from aw, 'with,' and cap^, 
 caoKos, 'flesh.' Commissu'ra ossium car'nea, 
 Symph'ysis ossium muscula'ris, Coiinex'io ossium 
 canio'sa, Cxrna'iio, Concarna'tio. Union of bones 
 by means of muscles; such as the union of the 
 OS hyoides with the lower jaw, of the scapula with 
 the ribs, &c. 
 
 SYSTALCIS, Systole. 
 
 SYSTAL'TIC, Systal'ticus, Peristal' tic ; from 
 o-uoTtXAo), {<!vv, and areXXu,) 'I contract.' A sys- 
 taltic motion in a part is one in which there is 
 alternate contraction and dilatation. See Sys- 
 tole. 
 
 SYSTAT'ICA, from avviCTrjjii, (auv, and tarrnxi, 
 'I place,') 'I associate.' Diseases affecting seve- 
 ral or all of the sensorial powers simultaneously; 
 irritation or inertness of mind, extending to the 
 muscles, or external senses; or of the muscles, 
 or external senses, extending to the mind; — the 
 4th order, class Neurotica, of Good. 
 
 SYSTEM, Syste'ma, from cniv, ' together,' and 
 KTTTjiJLL, 'I place.' This word, taken in a good 
 sense, means the collection and arrangement of 
 different matters having an analogy to each other, 
 or working towards the same end. In natural '] 
 
 history, it means a methodical arrangement of 
 objects for the purpose of facilitating their study. 
 System is, however, sometimes used in an unfa» 
 vourable sense in physical science, and often 
 means, — a purely gratuitous supposition, by 
 which the march of nature is attempted to be 
 universally explained, and to which every thing 
 is made to bend. In anatomy, system is an as- 
 semblage of organs, composed of the same tissues, 
 and intended for similar functions; for instance, 
 the nervous system, nuiseular system, &c. 
 
 SYSTEMA, System — s. Vasorum, Vascular 
 system. 
 
 SYS'TEMATISM. A method, according to 
 which every fact of a science is collected around 
 an opinion, true or false. One who reduces things 
 to such a method is called a Sys'tematist. 
 
 SYSTEMATIST, see Systematism. 
 
 SYSTEMATOL'OGY, Systematolog"ia, from 
 avarrj/ia, 'system,' and 'Xoyos, 'a discourse.' The 
 doctrine or a treatise of systems. 
 
 SYSTEIIE VASCULAIRi: A SANG NOIR, 
 see Vascular — «. Vasculaire d sang rouge, see 
 Vascular. 
 
 SYS'TEMIC. Belonging to the general sys- 
 tem — as 'systemic circulation' in contradistinc- 
 tion to the 'pulmonic' 
 
 SYS'TOLE. Same etymon as Systaltic. Sya- 
 tal'sis, Gonstrie'tio, Contrac'tio seu Angusta'tio 
 seu Submissio seu Mica'tio cordis. The move- 
 ment of constriction or contraction of the heart, 
 to give impulse to the blood, or to cause its pro- 
 gression. It is opposed to the Diastole of the 
 organ. 
 
 SYS'TOLIC, Systol'icus, (F.) Systolique ; same 
 etymon. Relating to the systole of the heart, — 
 as 'systolic murmur.' 
 
 SYZYGIUM NERVORUM, Par nervorum. 
 
 T. 
 
 T Bandage, T fas'cia, Fas'cia T formis seu 
 Heliodo'ri, Cru'cial Bandage. A bandage shaped 
 like the letter T. It consists of a strip of linen, 
 of variable length and breadth, the middle of 
 which is attached, at right angles, to the extre- 
 mity of another strip, also of variable length and 
 breadth. When two such strips are attached, at 
 a distance from each other, the bandage is called 
 a double T. This bandage is used, principally, 
 for supporting the dressings after the operation 
 for fistula in ano, in diseases of the perinseum, 
 groin, anus, &c. 
 
 T Fascia, T Bandage. 
 
 TAB AC. Nicotiana tabacum — t. des Savoyards, 
 Arnica montana — t. des Ifontagnes, Arnica mon- 
 tana — t. des Vosges, Arnica montana. 
 
 TABACUM, Nicotiana tabacum. 
 
 TAB'ANUS, called, by the voyageurs. Bulldog. 
 A troublesome fly in the Hudson's Bay territory, 
 which makes a perforation like a leechbite, from 
 which it sucks the blood. 
 
 TABARZET, Saecharum album. 
 
 TAB'ASHEER, Tabaschir, Tabaxir. A sub- 
 stance found in the knots of the bamboo, in the 
 East Indies, as a consequence of a morbid condi- 
 tion of the part. It is distinguished for its great 
 proportion of silicic acid, in combination with a 
 small quantity of mineral and vegetable matters; 
 as well as for its slight refractive property. It 
 has been used in obstruction of the bowels. The 
 
 sweet juice of the bamboo stalks has also been 
 called Tabasheer. 
 
 TABEFACTION, Emaciation. 
 
 TABEFY, Emaciate. 
 
 TABEL'LA, Tab'ula, Tabula'tum, Lozan'ga, 
 Lozan'gia, 3[or'sulus, Morsel'lus, Lozenge, Tea- 
 sel'la, (F.) Tablette, 'a small table.' A solid 
 i medicine, composed of a powder, sugar, and mu- 
 ! cilage, Electua'rium sol'idum; and generally 
 shaped like a disk. See Pastil, and Troch. The 
 three comprise the SaccJiaroles solides. 
 
 Tabella, Table. 
 
 TABELL^ ABSORBENTES, T. de Mag- 
 nesia. 
 
 Tabella Ac"idi Oxal'ici, T. ad sitem. Lo- 
 zenges of Oxalic Acid. (Acid, oxalic, ^jj sacch. 
 alb. ^ss, ol. limonis, gtt. xviij seu gtt. xij. Make 
 into lozenges with mucilage of gum trogocanth. 
 Ph. P.) Lozenges are made in the same way 
 with the citric and tartaric acids. They are re- 
 frigerant. 
 
 TABELLiE DE Alth^'a, Lozenges of Marsh- 
 malloicj. (Bad. althcece pulv., §iss, sacchar. alb. 
 pulv. ,^ivss; f. massa. Ph. P.) Demulcent; ex- 
 pectorant. 
 
 Tabella Antimonia'les Xuncke'lii, T. de 
 stib'ii sulphure'to. Lozenges of Sulph'uret of Ant' i- 
 mony, Mor'sidi antimonia'les seu stibii seu stibi- 
 a'ti, Trochis'ci stibiati. [Amygdal. d'dc. ^j, 
 sacch. ibss, sem. cardam., cinnam. pulv., sulph. 
 
TABERNA MEDICA 
 
 897 
 
 TABULA 
 
 antim. prcepar., aa ^j ; fiant taliellse. Ph. P. 
 Each to weigh 10 grains.) Recommended in 
 cutaneous diseases, blennorrhagia, arthritic pains, 
 &c. Dose, 4 or more. 
 
 Tabellje ad Ardorem Ventriculi, Trochisci 
 carbonatis calcis — t. Cardialgicas, Trochisci car- 
 bonatis calcis. 
 
 TabelluE de Cat'echu et Magne'sia, Lo- 
 zoiffes of Catechu and Magnesia, (F.) Tahlettes de 
 eoehou et de magnesie. (P. catech. ^vj, p- magnes. 
 ^iv, p. cinnam. ^uj, sacch. alh. tbss, g. iragac. 
 gr. xij, aq. cinnam. q. s. ut f. massa. Ph. P. 
 Bach to weigh 12 gr.) Antacid, absorbent, and 
 stomachic. Dose, 5 to 10 lozenges. 
 
 Tabellje Cincho'n^, T. de kind Icind, Baric 
 Lozenges. [Ext. einehon. sice. §ss, sacch. ^iv, 
 cinnam. ^ss, mxicilag. g, trag. q. s. ut f. massa. 
 Ph. P.) ' Tonic. 
 
 Tabell^ de Citro et Diacarthamo, T. de 
 Scammonio et SennS,. 
 
 Tabell^ de FerrO, Steel lozenges, TahulcB 
 martia'les seu instauran'tes seu antichlorot'iccB. 
 {Ferri limat. porphyriz. ^SS, p. cinnam. !^j, p. 
 sacch. ^Y, g. trag. et aq. cinnam. q. s., ut fiat 
 massa. Each lozenge to weigh 12 gr. Ph. P.) 
 Tonic, stomachic. Dose, v to x. 
 
 Aromatic lozenges of steel. These consist of 
 suljihate of iron, with a small proportion of the 
 Tincture of Cantharides. 
 
 Tabell^ de Kina Kina, T. cinchonas. 
 
 TabelLjE de Magnesia, T. ahsorhen'tes, 3Tag- 
 iiesia lozenges. [Magnes. ^j, saechar. alb. ,^iv, 
 miicil. g. tragac. q. s. Ph. P.) Absorbent and 
 antacid. 
 
 TaBELLjE de RheO, Rhnharh lozenges. [P. 
 rhej. 3SS, sacch. ^v, mucilag. gum, tragac. q. s. ; 
 f. massa. Each to contain 12 grains. Ph. P.) 
 Stomachic and laxative. 
 
 Tabkll^ de Scammo'nio et Senna Compos'- 
 IT^, T. de ciiro et diacar'thamo, Compound lo- 
 zenges of scamntony and senna. (Scammon. -^iij, 
 SenncB ^vvss, rhej. ^iss, caryoph. ^j, corticis 
 limon. eonfect. ^j, sacch. ^vj ; f. massa. Ph. P.) 
 Purgative. Dose, ^ij to ^vj, or more. 
 
 Tabellje ad Sitem, T. acidi oxalici — t. ad 
 Sodam, Trochisci carbonatis calcis — t. de Stibii 
 sulpbureto, T. antimoniales Kunekelii. 
 
 Tabell^ de Sul'phure Sim'plices, Simple 
 sulphtir lozenges. [Sulphur lot. §ss, sacch. §\v, 
 mttc. g. tragac. cum aqufi, rosa praspar. q. s. Ph. 
 P.) Expectorant, demulcent, &e. Used in dis- 
 eases of the chest, and in cutaneous affections. 
 Dose, a lozenge. 
 
 Tabell^ de Sdlph'ure Cojrros'iT^, Com- 
 pound sulphur lozenges. (Sulph. lot. ^!^ij, acid, 
 benzoic, gr. xij, rad. irid. p. ,^ss, ol. anisi, gtt. 
 viij, sacch. ,^vss, g. trag. q. s. Ph. P.) Aperient, 
 expectorant, and stimulant [?]. Dose, 4 a day. 
 
 TABERXA MEDICA. Pharmacopolium. 
 
 TABERN^MONTANA U'TILIS, (after Ta- 
 berneemontanus, a German botanist.) A tree of 
 British Guiana, of the family Apocynacese, called, 
 by the natives, Hya-Hya, the bark and pith of 
 which yield a milk, which is used by the savages 
 as a refreshing drink. 
 
 TABES, Maras'mus Tabes, Tabum, from tabere, 
 'to decay;' Te'kedon, Atroph'ia, Tab'idness, De- 
 cline, Wasting. Emaciation of the whole body, 
 with general languor, hectic fever, and, for the 
 most part, depressed spirits. 
 
 Tabes, Atrophy, Phthisis — t. Coxaria, Ischio- 
 phthisis — t. Diabetica, Diabetes mellitus — t. Di- 
 uretica. Diabetes mellitus. 
 
 Tabes Dorsa'hs, T. Dorsua'lis, Maras'mus 
 tabes dorRa'lis, Phthisis no'tias seu dorsa'lis seu 
 sicca, Myelophthi'sis, Myelatroph'ia, Myelanalo'- 
 ais. Tabes ossis sacri. A wasting of the body, 
 attended at first with a pain in the back or loins, 
 and afterwards in the neck or head, — caused it 
 57 
 
 has been conceived, by too early or too frequent 
 addiction to venery. 
 
 Tabes Glandularis, T. mesenterica. Scrofula 
 — t. Ischiadiea, Ischiophtbisis — t. Lactea, Atro- 
 phia lactantium, see Galactia. 
 
 Tabes Mesenter'ica, T. glandula'ris seu scro- 
 fulo'sa, Atroph'ia mesenter'ica seu infant'iim seu 
 glandula'ris seu infanti'lis seu dorsi, Parabys'ma 
 mesenter'icum, Ma'cies Infan'tvm, PcBdotroph'io. 
 Scrof'tda seu Eaehial'gia seu Physco'nia mesen- 
 terica, Myelophthi'sis sicca, Febris hec'tica in- 
 fan'tum, Phthisis mesara'ica, Mesenterophthi' sis, 
 Blesenter'ic^Disease, (F.) Carreau, Chartre, Scro- 
 fulea ou JScrouelles 7nesenteriques, Etisie ou Ra- 
 chlalgie ou Atrophic ou Physconie mesenterique, 
 JEntero-mesenteriie, Tubercules des ganglions me- 
 senteriques. Phthisic mesenterique. An engorge- 
 ment and tubercular degeneration of the mesen- 
 teric glands, followed by emaciation and general 
 disorder of the nutritive functions. The disease 
 is often owing to inflammation or irritation of the 
 lining membrane of the intestines, giving occa- 
 sion to enlargement of the glands of the mesen- 
 tery, — as injury to the upper or lower extremities 
 causes inflammation, and enlargement of the 
 lymphatic glands of the axilla and groin. It 
 occurs, particularly, in children of a scrofulous 
 diathesis ; and in those who are weaned too early, 
 or fed on indigestible substances. Diarrhoea, 
 emaciation, anorexia, or immoderate appetite ; 
 hardness and swelling of the abdomen; and, 
 towards the end, hectic fever, are the chief 
 symptoms of this affection ; the prognosis of 
 which is unfavourable. On opening the bodies 
 of those who die of the disease, the mesenteric 
 glands are found disorganized, tubercular, or in 
 a more or less advanced state of suppuration. 
 The treatment is the same as in scrophulosis. 
 Frictions may be added over the abdomen and 
 spine; and mercury, in small doses, so as to ex- 
 cite a new action in the system. The food must 
 be easy of digestion, and the bowels be kept 
 soluble. 
 
 Tabes Xutricum, Atrophia lactantium, see 
 Galactia — t. Ossis sacri, Tabes dorsalis — t. Pec- 
 torea, Rachitis — t. Pulmonalis, Phthisis pulmo- 
 nalis — t. Scrofulosa, T. mesenterica — t. Senum, 
 Marasmus senilis. 
 
 TABESCERE, Emaciate. 
 
 TABID, Tab'idus, (F.) Tabide. Same etymon 
 as Tabes. Relating or appertaining to tabes. 
 AVasted by disease. 
 
 TABIDNESS, Tabes. 
 
 TABIF'IC, Tabificus, (F.) Tabifique, from 
 tabes, 'consumption,' and facere, 'to make.' 
 That which causes consumption or phthisis. 
 
 TABLE, Tab'ula, Tabell'a, Tabula'tum, Lam' - 
 ina, Paries, Squama. A name given to the 
 plates of compact tissue, which form the bones 
 of the cranium. Of these, one is external; the 
 other internal, and called Tab'ula vi'trea, on ac- 
 count of its brittleness. 
 
 TABLES BE MORTALITE, Mortality, 
 bills of. 
 
 TABLET, Trochiscus — t. Votive, Tabula vo- 
 tiva. 
 
 TABLETTE, Tabella. 
 
 TABLETTES BE QACHOU ET BE MAG 
 NESIE, Tabellee de catechu et magnesia. 
 
 TABLIER, Ventrale cutaneum. 
 
 TABOURET, Thlaspi bursa. 
 
 TABULA, Tabella, Table. 
 
 Tab'ula Voti'ta, Votive tablet. A tablet, 
 hung up as an offering — anathe'ma — in the an- 
 cient temples by the sick, descriptive of their 
 diseases, and mode of cure; or by those who had 
 been preserved from some calamity. 
 
 Tabula Antichlorotic^, Tabellae de ferro — 
 
TABULATUM 
 
 898 
 
 TAL 
 
 t. Instaurantes, Tabellae de ferro — t. Martiales, 
 Tabellse de ferro. 
 
 TABULATUM, Tabella, Table. 
 TABUM, Ichor, Sanies, Tabes. 
 
 TAC, Influenza. 
 
 TACAMAHACA, Fagara octandra — t. Ca- 
 ragna, Caranna. 
 
 TACCA OCEANICA, see Arrowroot, (Tahiti.) 
 
 TACHE, Macula. 
 
 TACHE CEREBRALE, Tach.e mhnngitique. 
 A red mark or stain, observable in a large num- 
 ber of hydrocephalic children, when pressure is 
 made on the skin. — Trousseau. 
 
 TACHE EMbllYONNAlRE, 'Embryonic 
 . spot;' Ga'mulus, C. germinati'vus sen proli(/"ei-us, 
 A'rea c/erminati'vu, Nu'cleus cicatric' uloB seu 
 blastoderm'atis, Ger'minal eu'mulus. A name 
 given by M. Coste to a spot seen on the blasto- 
 derma about the end of the first week, from which 
 the development of the embryo proceeds. 
 
 According to BischofF, the blastodermic vesicle 
 consists here of a double layer, (F.) FeuiUet — 
 the upper one the serous or animal ; the lower, 
 the mucous or vegetative ; and between these is 
 afterwards formed the vascidai- layer. 
 
 TACHE GERMINATIVE, see Molecule — f. 
 ililanienne, see Naevus — t. lleningitique, Tache 
 cerebrale — t. de Naissance, Nasvus — t. Sanguine, 
 see Naevus. 
 
 TACHENCAUSIS, Combustion, human. 
 
 TAC HE S HEPATIQUES, Chloasma. 
 
 TACHE S LAITEUSES, Plaques laiteuses, 
 'milky spots or patches.' White spots occasion- 
 ally seen on the heart, and regarded by many 
 pathologists as the results of previous pericar- 
 ditis. 
 
 TACHES BE ROUSSEUR, Ephelides — <. 
 Rouges, Spots, red. 
 
 TACHETE BE ROUSSEURS, see Ephe- 
 lides. 
 
 TACHYIA'TER, Taehijia'tms. Same etymon 
 as the next. One who cures speedily. 
 
 TACHYIATRI'A, from raxvi, 'quick,' and 
 tarpua, 'healing.' The art of curing quickly. 
 
 TACH'YTOMY, Taclnjtom' ia, from ra^uj, 
 ' quick,' and rojiri, ' incision.' The art of cutting 
 or operating rapidly. 
 
 TACITUR'NITY, Tacitur'mtas,Sige, 'silence,' 
 from tacere, taciturn, ' to be silent.' ' State of a 
 person who does not speak.' Morbid taciturnity 
 sometimes exists as a symptom of the neuroses, 
 especially of melancholy. 
 
 TACT, Tactus, from tangere, tacfum, 'to touch.' 
 A modification of the sense of touch. Passive 
 judgment by the cutaneous nerves regarding bo- 
 dies exterior to the skin. Tact is passive: Touch, 
 active. 
 
 TACTILE, Tac'tilis; same etymon. Relating 
 or appertaining to touch. 
 
 TACTION, Touch. 
 
 TACTUS, Tact, Touch— t. Dolorificus, Hapto- 
 dysphoria — t. Eruditus, see Palpation. 
 
 TAE, Digitus pedis. 
 
 T^iDA, Teda, Bees, iaiq, 'a torch.' A term 
 used for a medicine employed under the form of 
 fumigation, pessary, or troch. 
 
 T^'NIA, Te'nia, Fas'cia, from raivia, ' a fillet, 
 a riband.' See Bandage. Also a genus of intes- 
 tinal worms, characterized by an elongated, flat- 
 tened, and articulated body, with four suctorial 
 oscula on the head. Of this genus, two only in- 
 habit the human body — the Tmnia lata, (see Bo- 
 thriocephalus latus,) and Tmnia solium. 
 
 TAENIA AcEPHALA, Bothriocephalus latus — f. A 
 
 Anneaux courts, Bothriocephalus latus — t. ci An- 
 
 tieaux longs. Taenia solium — t. Articulos demit- 
 
 tens. Taenia solium — t.Cucurbitina, Tasnia solium 
 
 - 1. Dentata, Bothriocephalus latus — t. Grisea, 
 
 Bothriocephalus latus — t. Hippocampi, Corpora 
 fimbriata — t. Humana armata. Taenia solium — t. 
 Humana incrmis, Bothriocephalus latus — t. Hy- 
 datigena. Hydatid- — ■ t. Lata, Bothriocephalus 
 latus — t. a, Longues articulations, Tasnia solium — 
 t. Membranacea, Bothriocephalus latus — t. Ner- 
 vosa Halleri, Ganglion of Gasser — t. Non arme, 
 Bothriocephalus latus — t. Osculis lateralibus ge- 
 minis, Bothriocephalus latus — t. Osculis laterali- 
 bus solitariis, Bothriocephalus latus — t. Osculis 
 marginalibus solitariis, Taenia solium — t. Osculis 
 superficialibus, Bothriocepalus latus — t. Prima, 
 Bothriocephalus latus — t. Sans epine, Taenia so- 
 lium — t. Secunda, Taenia solium. 
 
 T^NiA Semicircula'ris, T. stria' ta, Gem'inum 
 centrum semicircula're, Limhus poste'rior cor'po- 
 ris stria'ti, StricB cor'necB seu semiluna'res seu 
 termina'les, Frcs'nidum novum, Fascia semicircu- 
 la'ris, (F.) Bdndelette des iminences pyrifomes 
 (Ch.), Bandelette, B. demicirculaire. Lame cornee. 
 A medullary, grayish, semitransparent laj'er, situ- 
 ate in the groove that separates the thalamus op- 
 ticus from the corpus striatum in the lateral ven- 
 tricle. 
 
 T^NIA So'lium, jT. os'cidis marginal' thus soli- 
 ta'riis seu cncurhili'na seu huma'na arma'ta seu 
 artic'ulos demit' tens seu secun'da, Hal'ysis solium, 
 Vermis ciicurbiti'niis, Lnmhri'ciis latus, So'lium, 
 Tenia sans epine ou d, longues articidations ou ^ 
 auneaux longs, Ver solitaire ou cucurhitin, Long 
 Tape Worm, has an almost hemispherical, dis- 
 crete head; an obtuse beak; the neck full ante- 
 riorly; all the joints slightly obtuse, the anterior 
 very short; the next almost square, and the rest 
 oblong; the marginal foramina vaguely alter- 
 nated. The taenia solium is commonly a few feet 
 long: sometimes its length is enormous. It is 
 said to have been met with 600 feet long. It 
 principally inhabits the small intestines, and is 
 not common. The oil of turpentine, in some 
 form, largely exhibited, is perhaps the best 
 remedy. 
 
 T^NiA Striata, T. semicircularis — t. Tarini, 
 Lamina cornea — t. Tenella, Bothriocephalus latu9 
 
 — t- Vulgaris, Bothriocephalus latus. 
 TJ5NIACIDE, Tseniafuge. 
 
 T^NI^ COLI, see Colon —t. Valsalvae Coli, 
 see Colon. 
 
 T^'NIAFUGE, Ta'nifuge, Tcn'niaeide, Ta'ni- 
 cide, Twniaf'ugum, from tania, and fugo, 'I 
 drive off.' A remedy calculated to expel or de- 
 stroy taenia. 
 
 TiE'NICIDE, from tcenia, and cado, ' I kill.' 
 A destroyer of taenia or tapeworm. 
 
 T^NIFUGE, Tasniafuge. 
 
 T Jil'NIOLA, Bandelette ; diminutive of Taenia. 
 Used by Gerber for a simple, band-like, or flat 
 fibre, Filum tmniaform' e, seen under the micro- 
 scope. 
 
 TAFFETAS AGGLUTINATIF, Sparadra- 
 pum adhaesivum — t. d' Angleterre, see Sparadra- 
 pum adhsesivum — t. Epispastique, Sparadrapum 
 vesicatorium — t. Gomme, see Sparadrapum ad- 
 haesivum — t. Vesicant, Sparadrapum vesicato- 
 rium. 
 
 TAFIA, Rum. 
 
 TAIE, see Caligo. 
 
 TAILLABE, Incision, see Entaille.- 
 
 TAILLE, Lithotomy — t. Hypogastrique, Hy- 
 pogastric operation of lithotomy, see Lithotomy 
 
 — t. Posterieure, see Lithotomy — t. Recto-vesicale, 
 see Lithotomy — t. par le Rectum, see Lithotomy 
 
 — (. Sus-pubieiine, see Lithotomy. 
 TAKAMAHAKA, Fagara octandra. 
 TAKE, Attack. 
 
 TAKEN DOWN, see Attack. 
 TAKING, see Contagious. 
 TAL. A word formerly employed for alkalL 
 It also meant the dung of the peacock. 
 
TALC EARTH 
 
 899 
 
 TARANTISMUS 
 
 TALC EARTH, Mns^nesia. 
 TALCUM NEPHRITICUM, Nephreticus 
 lapis. 
 
 TALEN'TUM, raXavrov. An ancient weight 
 equal to 54 pounds, 2 oz., 5 dr., and 24 grains. 
 Poids de llarc. See Weights and Measures. 
 TALEOLUS, Malleolus. 
 
 TALIACOTIAN OPERATION, Rhinoplastie. 
 TALINUM UMBBLLATUM, see Mistura. 
 TALIPES, Kyllosis (Clubfoot) — t. Calcaneus, 
 see Kyllosis — t. Equinus, see Kyllosis — t. Valgus, 
 see Kyllosis — t. Varus, see Kyllosis. 
 
 TALLAHATTA SPRINGS, see Alabama, 
 mineral waters of. 
 
 TALON, see Calcaneum. 
 
 TALPA, 'a mole.' Topina'ria, Tupina'rin, 
 Talpa'ria, Teatu'do, (P.) Taupe. A tumour situ- 
 ate on the bead, which has been supposed to 
 burrow like a mole. 
 TALPARIA, Talpa. 
 
 TALUS, Astragalus, Malleolus, see Calcaneum. 
 Pessary. 
 
 TAMARA CONGA, Averrhoa earambola. 
 TAMAR^A ZECLA, Tamarindus. 
 TAMARIN, Tamarindus. 
 
 TAMARIN'DI PULPA, Pulp of Tamarinds, 
 (Tamannda, q. s. Digest them with a small 
 quantity of water, until they become of a uniform 
 consistence ; then separate the seeds and fila- 
 ments, by pressing through a hair-sieve. Ph. U. S.) 
 TAMARINDS, PULP OF, Tamarind! pulpa. 
 TAMARIN'DUS, T. lu'dica, Thamarindus, 
 Oxyphoe'iiicon, Sil'iqna Arah'ica, Balawprd'li, 
 TamnroB'a zecla, O.r^/phceni'cia, Aca'cia In'dica, 
 Tamarind tree, (F.) Tamarin. Ord. Leguminosae. 
 Seu:. Sy-^t. Triandria Digynia. The pulp of the 
 tamarind with the seeds connected by numerous 
 tough strings, Tamarindus (Ph. U. S.), is ex- 
 ported from the West Indies, preserved in syrup. 
 It is refrigerant and laxative. Tamarind whey 
 is made by boiling 3ij of the pulp with Ibiss of 
 milk. When strained, it is used as a diluent in 
 fever. 
 
 TAMARISCUS, Tamarix Gallica. 
 TAM'ARIX, T. Gal'lica sen Penfan'dra, Ta- 
 maris'cus. The Tamarisk tree. Ord. Tamaris- 
 cinese. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Pentagynia. The 
 bark, wood, and leaves were formerly employed 
 medicinally; — the former for its aperient and 
 corroborant virtues, in obstructions of the liver: 
 - the latter in icterus, haemoptysis, and some cu- 
 taneous affections. 
 
 TAMBOUR, CAVTTE DU, Tympanum. 
 TAMPA BAY, see Saint Augustine. 
 TAMPON, see Phisging. 
 TAMPONNEMENT. Plugging. 
 TAMUS COMMU'NIS, Am'pelos meWna (Di- 
 oscorides), Chiro'nia, GyncBcan'the seu Apro'nia 
 (Pliny), Bryo'nia nigra. Common Black Bry'ony. 
 The root is diuretic, and has been given as an 
 antilithic. In the herb-shops of Europe, it is 
 sold as a topical application for removing bruise 
 marks, and in France is called Herhe aux femmes 
 hattues ; 'herb for beaten or bruised women.' 
 
 TANACE'TUM, T. vulga're. Tana'sia, Athana'- 
 sia, Parthe'nium mas. Hind-heel, Tansy, (F.) 
 Tonaisie vulgaire, Herhe anx vers, Coq des .Jar- 
 dins. Ord. Compositae. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia 
 Polygamia. The leaves and flowers of tansy 
 have a peculiar, strong odour, and warm bitter 
 taste. They are tonic, deobstruent [?], and an- 
 thelmintic. Dose, ^ss to 5J- The infusion is 
 usually drunk as tea. 
 
 Tanace'tum Balsami'ta, T. horten'se, Balsa- 
 mi'ta was seu vulga'ris seu suav' eolens seu major, 
 Costus horto'rum, Mentha Roma'na seu Saracen'- 
 ica, Costmary, Alecost, Cock-mint, (F.) Menthe 
 coq, Herhe an coq. Grand Baiime. A fragrant- 
 Bmelling herb, somewhat resembling mint, and 
 
 formerly much esteemed as a corroborant, carmi- 
 native, and emmenagogue. 
 
 Tanacetcm Hokten.se, T. balsamita. 
 Tanace'tum Multiflo'rum. A South African 
 plant, which is used as a tonic, antispasmodic 
 and anthelmintic. It is given in flatulency, gout, 
 amenorrhoea and dropsy : but is especially pre- 
 scribed in cases of ascarides lumbricoides and 
 other entozoa. It is administered in the form of 
 powder or infusion ; the latter acting also as a 
 diaphoretic and diuretic. It is used likewise as 
 a resolvent and anodyne fomentation. 
 TANAISIE VULGAIRE, Tanacetum. 
 TANASIA, Tanacetum. 
 
 TANGE, rayyt], 'rancidity.' A putrescent 
 tumour. 
 
 TANGHINIA, Cerbera tanghin. 
 TANGLES, BIG, Pila marina— t. Blue, Gay- 
 lussacia dumosa. 
 
 TANINUM, Tanninum. 
 TANNIC ACID, Tannin. 
 TANNICUM PURUM, Tannin. 
 TANNIN, from (F.) tanner, ' to tan.' Tan'- 
 nicum purum, Tanni'num, Tani'num, Principi'ium 
 Adstringens seu Scytodep'sicnm seu Byrsodepj'- 
 sicum seu Coria'ceum, Scytodep'sinm, Mate'ria 
 Scytodep)h'ica,Acidum Tan'nicum seu Scytodejoh'i- 
 cum seu Quercitan' niciim , Tannic acid, (F.) Acide 
 tannique. A principle obtained from oak bark 
 and other astringent vegetables, so called from 
 its forming the principal agent in the process of 
 tanning. Pure tannin, obtained from galls, by 
 the action of ether, (see Ph. U. S.) has been em- 
 ploj-ed as an excellent and powerful astringent. 
 Dose, two grains, repeated several times a day. 
 
 TANSY, Tanacetum — t. Wild, Potentilla an- 
 serina. 
 
 TAPER, HIGH, Vorbascum nigrum. 
 T APE'TUM, Tapes, Tape'te, ' tapestry, a carpet.' 
 Tape'tnm choro'idecB. A shining spot, on 
 the outside of the optic nerve, in the eyes of cer- 
 tain animals, which is owing to the absence of 
 the pigmentum nigrum, occasioning the reflection 
 of a portion of the rays from the membrana 
 Ruyschiana. Its use appears to be, by reflecting 
 the rays, to cause a double impression on the 
 retina, and thus add to the intensity of vision. 
 Tapetum, see Corpus Callosum. 
 Tapetum Alve'oli, Memhra'na exter'na den'- 
 tiinn. The outer membrane of the teeth. The 
 lining membrane or periosteum of the alveoli. 
 
 TAPEWORM, BROAD, Eothriocephalus latus 
 — t. Long, Taenia solium. 
 
 TAPIOCA, see Jatropha manihot — t. Pearl, 
 see Jatropha manihot. 
 
 TAPSUS BARBATUS, Verbascum nigrum. 
 TAPSARIA, Decoctum hordei. 
 TAR, see Pinus sylvestris — t. Barbadoes, Pe- 
 troleum. 
 
 Tar Beer, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 Tar, Mineral, Pissasphaltum. 
 Tar Water, see Pinus sylvestris — t. Wine, see 
 Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 TAR'ACHE, Tarax'is, Tarag'ma, Tarag'mus, 
 ' disorder.' A disorder of sight which arises 
 from a blow, compression of the eye, or the action 
 of dust, smoke or other external cause. By some, 
 it is understood to signify mild or incipient oph- 
 thalmia. 
 
 Tapaxn ^vs Koi\ias, ' disturbance of the belly.' 
 Diarrhoea. 
 
 TARAGMA, Tarache. 
 TARAGMUS, Tarache. 
 TARAGON, Artemisia dractineulus. 
 TARAHO, Peltandra Virginica. 
 TARANTISM'US, Tarentis'mus, Tarantalis'. 
 mns, Dinoma'nia, Chore'a Sancti Valenti'ni, 
 Taren'iulism, Tar'antism, from Tarentum, or 
 Taranto, where it was observed. A feigned or 
 
TARANTULA 
 
 900 
 
 TATZ6 
 
 imaginary disease in Apulia, characterized by 
 eiicessive avidity for dancing at the sound of in- 
 struments, and which was ascribed, by the vul- 
 gar, to the bite of the tarantula. A sort of taran- 
 tismus, considered peculiar to Africa, and believed 
 to be spontaneous, has been called Tarentismns 
 Taugita'niia, Janoii-tarentisme. 
 
 TARAN'TULA. Same etymon. Taren'tuln, 
 (F.) Tarentnle. A species of spider — the Ara'nea 
 Tarentula of Linnaeus, Lyco'sa Tarentula of La- 
 treille — whose bite has been looked upon as dan- 
 gerous. Music has been thought to cure it. 
 
 TARASCON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Chalybeate springs in the department of Arriege, 
 France. They contain iron and carbonic acid. 
 
 TARAXACUM, Leontodon taraxacum — t. 
 Dens leonis, Leontodon taraxacum. 
 
 TARAXIS, Tarache, see Ophthalmia. 
 
 TARCHON SYLVESTRIS, Achillea ptarmica. 
 
 TARENTISMUS, Tarantismus — t. Tangi- 
 tanus, Tarantismus. 
 
 TARENTULA, Tarantula. 
 
 TARBNTULISM, Tarantismus. 
 
 TARGAR, Juniperus communis. 
 
 TARI. Palm or cocoa wine, from which sugar 
 was obtained, called Jagre. It was once used as 
 a tonic. 
 
 TARI'NI PONS, (F.) Pont de Tarin. A cine- 
 ritious substance, between the corpora albicantia, 
 which unites the crura and assists in forming 
 the bottom of the third ventricle. The fossa, at 
 the bottom of which it is placed, is called Locus 
 perfora' tus po.si/'c«s, Ponterior ■pev'foraied space, 
 Substan'tia seu Lam' ina perfora' ta poste'rior. 
 
 TARO, Arum esculentum. 
 
 TARSAL, Tar' sens, from tarsus, (F.) Tarsien. 
 That which relates to the tarsus. 
 
 Tarsal Articulations result from the union 
 of the bones of the tarsus with each other. 
 
 TAR'SEA LATA (LiaAMENTA). Three 
 ligaments, described by Winslow as stretching 
 from the edge of the orbit to that of the tarsi, 
 with which, he thought, they formed a complete 
 layer of the ej'elids. Zinn could not trace the 
 ligaments all the way to the tarsi ; whilst Haller 
 doubted altogether their ligamentous texture, and 
 Zeis regards them as merely areolar substance. 
 
 TARSEUS, Tarsal. 
 
 TARSO, in composition, belonging or relating 
 to the tarsus. 
 
 TARSO-METATAR'SAL, Tarso-metatar'seua. 
 That which relates to tarsus and metatarsus. 
 
 Tarso-Metatarsal Articulations are those 
 between the bones of the second row of the tarsus 
 and the metatarsal bones. The term Tarso-me- 
 tatarsal is likewise applied to ligaments connected 
 with these joints, some of which are dorsal, and 
 others plantar. 
 
 TARS0-3IETA TA RSLPHALANGTEN D U 
 POVCE, Adductor pollieis pedis — t. Phalanyien 
 dii ponce, Flexor brevis pollieis pedis — t. Sous- 
 phala)igien du petit orteil. Flexor brevis minimi 
 digit! pedis — t. Sous-phalangettien da premier or- 
 teil. Flexor brevis pollieis pedis. 
 
 TARSOPHY'MA, from Tarsus, and 4,vix,i, <a 
 tumour.' A swelling of the tarsus. 
 
 TARSOR'RHAPHY, Tarsorraph'ia, from tar- 
 sns, ' the tarsal cartilage,' and pa(prt, ' suture.' 
 An operation for diminishing th' size of the 
 opening between the eyelids, when it is enlarged 
 by surrounding cicatrices. 
 
 TAPiSOT'OMY, Tnrsotom'ia, from tarsus, and 
 roixj], ' incision.' The section or removal of the 
 tarsal cartilages. 
 
 TARSUS, rajjaog, Pla.nta prima seu Rasse'ta seu 
 Rasce'ta pedis, Pe'dium, Olarie'ulcB pedis nodus. 
 1. The posterior part of tlie foot. The tarsus 
 consists of 7 bones, arranged transversely in two 
 rows, between which amputation is sometimes 
 
 performed. The first or Tibial row, (F.) Pre- 
 miere rangee, R. jambiere, consists of the astra- 
 galus and OS calcis ; the second or metatarsal, (F.) 
 Seconde rangee, Li. metatarsienne, of the sca- 
 phoides, cuboides, and three ossa cuneiformia. 
 2. The Tarsi, Tarsal cartilages. Tarsal fibro-car- 
 tilages, Orchoi, Crepid'ines seu Coro'nat seu Che- 
 Ice seu Un'gulcB Palp>ebra'rum, Tharsi, Cil'ia, are 
 two small cartilaginous layers, seated in the sub- 
 stance of the free edge of each eyelid. The upper 
 is larger and broader than the lower. Both com- 
 mence at the bifurcated extremity of the tendon 
 of the orbicularis palpebrarum, and pass to the 
 opposite commissure of the eyelids. They are 
 broader in the middle than at their extremities. 
 
 TARTAR, Antimonium tartarizatum (impro- 
 perly), Potassse supertartras impurus — t. Cal- 
 careous, Potassa3 subcarbonas — t. Crystals of, 
 Potassae supertartras. 
 
 Tartar Emetic, Antimonium tartarizatum. 
 
 Tartar, Salt of, see Potash, and Potassse sub- 
 carbonas — t. Soluble, Potassse tartras, see Potash. 
 
 Tartar op the Teeth, Odontolithos. 
 
 TARTA'REI MORBI. A term employed by 
 Paracelsus to designate certain diseases which he 
 attributed to tartar. 
 
 TARTARI CRY STALL I, Potassse super- 
 tartras. 
 
 TARTAR'IC ACID, Ac"idum tarfar'tcum seu 
 tarlaro'sum seu tar'tari essentia'le, Acor tartar'- 
 icuH, Sal tartari essentia'le, Tarta'reous acid, (F.) 
 Acide tartrique. {PotasscB bitart. Ibiiss, aq. 
 destillat. ferv., cong. iij. cretcB p>pt'. Ibj, ncidi 
 sulph. Ibj. Boil the bitartrate with two gallons 
 of the water, and gradually add the prepared 
 chalk, until no more bubbles appear; let the tar- 
 trate of lime subside ; then pour off the fluid and 
 wash the tartrate of lime with distilled water, 
 until it is tasteless. Pour upon it the sulphuric 
 acid, diluted with a gallon of boiling distilled 
 water; and set the mixture aside for 24 hours, 
 occasionally stirring it. Filter and evaporate it 
 to crystallize. Ph. L.) It is refrigerant and 
 antiseptic, but is chiefly used for making efferves- 
 cent draughts with soda. 
 
 TARTARUM, Potassse supertartras impurus — 
 t. Solubile, Potassas tartras — t. Vitriolatum, Po- 
 tassse sulphas. 
 
 TARTARUS AMMONIiE, Ammonise tartras 
 — t. Chalybeatus, Ferrum tartarizatum — t. Cru- 
 dus, Potassse supertartras impurus — t. Dentium, 
 Odontolithos — t. Emeticus, Antimonium tartari- 
 zatum — t. Kalicoferricus, Ferrum tartarizatum — 
 t. Kalinus, Potassse tartras — t. Lixivise, Potassse 
 tartras — t. Martialis, Ferrum tartarizatum — t. 
 Potassa9 ferruginosus, Ferrum tartarizatum — t. 
 Stibiatus, Antimonium tartarizatum — t. Subpo- 
 tassicus, Potassse supertartras — t. Superpotassicus, 
 Potassse supertartras — t. Tartarizatus, Potassse 
 
 TARTRATE D'AMMONIAQVE, Ammonise 
 tartras. 
 
 TARTRE BRUT, Potassse supertartras impu- 
 rus — t. Cm, Potassaa supertartras impurus^f. des 
 Z)en^9, Odontolithos — t. Emettque, Antimonium 
 tartarizatum — t. Stibie, Antimonium tartarizatum. 
 
 TASIS, Extension, Tension. 
 
 TASTE, Gustii.s, Geusis, Geuma, Geuthmos, (F.) 
 Godt. One of the five external senses, which in- 
 structs us of the savours of bodies, and of which 
 the tongue is the principal organ. 
 
 Gustation, Gustatio, is the exercise of this fa- 
 culty. In disease, the taste frequently becomes 
 variously vitiated. The nerves of taste are pro- 
 bably the glosso-pharyngeal, and, perhaps also, 
 the lingual branch of the fifth pair. 
 
 Taste, Savour. 
 
 TATZ'E. The fruit of Myrsi'na Africa'na, a 
 native of Abyssinia, the Cape of Good Hope, the 
 
TATTOOING 
 
 901 
 
 TELA 
 
 Azores, and Algeria^ wliich is used as a tasnia- 
 fuge. 
 
 TATTOO'ING. A practice, with the South 
 Sea Islanders, of puncturing the skin, and forc- 
 ing coloring matters into the punctures. Sailors 
 in all countries are in the custom of practising it 
 by rubbing or forcing gunpowder into the punc- 
 tures. The figures, thus formed, remain through 
 life. 
 
 TA UPE, Talpa. 
 
 TAUROCOL'LA, from ravpou 'a bull,' and 
 KoWa, 'glue.' Glue made of the ears and genitals 
 of the bull. It was formerly much esteemed. 
 
 TAURUS, Penis, Perineum. 
 
 TAXIS, 'arrangement;' from raatim, 'I order,' 
 'I arrange;' Jie2}o>iit."{o, Reduc'iio, Syntax'is. A 
 methodical pressure exerted by the hand on a 
 hernial tumour, for the purpose of reducing it. 
 This operation is generally easy in hernias that 
 are free from adhesions, of small size, and with a 
 large opening into the sac; but it is very dilEcult 
 and frequently impracticable in those that are 
 adherent or strangulated. To perform the taxis, 
 the patient should be put in the horizontal pos- 
 ture, and in one in which the parietes of the ab- 
 domen are relaxed. The manual procedure va- 
 ries in each species of hernia. In all cases, too 
 strong pressure of the parts must be avoided; as 
 inflammation and gangrene might be induced. 
 The displaced organs must be pushed into the 
 abdomen, according to the direction of the axis 
 of the hernial sac. The reduction is sometimes 
 favoured by blood-letting nd deUquium ; the 
 warm bath ; warm fomentations: tobacco; emol- 
 lient glysters ; and, at times, by cold applications, 
 as ice, <tc. In a case of strangulated hernia, 
 should the taxis fail, an operation becomes ne- 
 cessarv. 
 
 TAXO'DIUM DIS'TICHUM, Cnpres'sm dh'- 
 tichri, Schubei-'tin dis' tichajCi/presi, Bald Cij press ; 
 indigenous. Nut. Ord. Coniferte. A balsam, 
 obtained from it, is applied to cuts and wounds. 
 The resin from the cones is diuretic and carmina- 
 tive. 
 
 TAXONOMY, Biotasy. 
 
 TAXUS BACCA'TA, ra^og. The Yeio tree, 
 Smilax, Smilas, Thym'alos, (F.) If. Family, Co- 
 nifers?. Sex. Synt. Dioecia Monadelphia. The 
 ancients believed the yew to be poisonous ; but 
 the fruit may be eaten without inconvenience. 
 The leaves have been often recommended in epi- 
 lepsy. • The resin, obtained from the bark, has 
 been called alhir. 
 
 TAXUS CANADEX'SIS, American Yew, 
 Ground Uemhjch. ; indigenous. The leaves are 
 said to be sedative.[?] 
 
 TAXWAX, see Xucha. 
 
 TAYE, Caligo. 
 
 TAYLOR'S REMEDY POR DEAFNESS, 
 see Allium. 
 
 TEA, Thea— t. Apple, see Apple tea— t. Baha- 
 ma, Lantana camara — t. Beef, see Beef tea — t. 
 Berried, Gaultheria. 
 
 Tea Berry, Gaultheria. 
 
 Tea, BLANKE>fHEiH, see Galeopsis grandiflora 
 — t. Brazil, Lantana pseudothea — t. Bushman's, 
 Methyscopbyllum glaucum — t. Cafifre, Helichry- 
 sum nudifolium — t. Chicken, see Chicken tea — t. 
 Flaxseed, Infusum Lini compositum — t. Ginger, 
 Infusum Zingiberis — t. Hottentots', Helichrysum 
 serpyllifolium — t. Labrador, Ledum latifoliiira — 
 t. Lemon-peel, see Citrus medica — t. Lye, Phy- 
 sick's, s-ee Fuligokali — t. Marsh, Ledum palus- 
 tre — t. Mexico, Chenopodium ambrosioides — ■ t. 
 Mint, Infusum menthas — t. Mountain, Gaulthe- 
 ria — t. Mutton, see Mutton tea — t. New Jersey, 
 Celastrus — t. Oswego, Monarda coccinea — t. Red- 
 berry, Gaultheria — t. Sassafras, Saloop — t. Slip- 
 pery elm, Infusum Lini compositum — t. Soot, 
 
 see Fuligokali — t. South sea. Ilex vomitoria — t. 
 Spanish, Chenopodium ambrosioides — t. Veal, see 
 Yeal tea. 
 
 TEAK, Paronychia. 
 
 TEAR, Sax. teap, Lac'ryvia, Lacli'ryma, Lac'- 
 rima, Lac'ruma, Dncry, Dac'ryma, Dac'ryon, 
 Humor lacryma'lis, Eyedrop, ]\'eeping-tear, (F.) 
 Larme. An excrementitious humour, secreted by 
 the lachrymal gland, and poured between the 
 globe of the ej-e, and the ej'elids, to facilitate tho 
 motions of those parts. The tears are saline, in- 
 odorous, and colourless. They turn the syrup of 
 violets green; and contain chloride of sodium, 
 with excess of base ; phosphates of lime and soda, 
 and albumen, and a special organic matter called 
 Lac'rymiue and Thrcpnine. 
 
 TEARS, DEERS', Bezonr of the deer. 
 
 TEASEL, CULTIVATED, Dipsacus sylves- 
 tris. 
 
 TEA SICK, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 TEAT, Nipple. 
 
 TEAZEL. Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
 
 TECEDON, Phthisis. 
 
 TECNOCTONIA, Infanticide. 
 
 TECNOL'OGY, Teeol'ogy, Teciiolofj" ia, Teco- 
 log"ia, from rcKvog and tsko;, 'a child,' and Aoycf, 
 'a description.' A treatise on children. 
 
 TECOLITHOS, Juda?us (lapis.) 
 
 TECO'xMA RADI'CANS, Biyuo'nia radi'cans, 
 Triinipjet flower, Trumpet creepier, Virgin'ia creep- 
 er. Indigenous; the orange and scarlet flowers 
 appearing in July. Order, Bignoniaccffi. The 
 leaves are acrid. 
 
 TECTARIA CALAHUALA, see Calagualae 
 radix — t. Ferruginea, see Calagualaj radix. 
 
 TELA, Tada. 
 
 TEETH, see Tooth— t. Barred, -gan-ees (Dents) 
 — t. Eye, Canine teeth — t. Jaw, Molar teeth — t. 
 Milk, see Dentition — t. Neck of the, Collum den- 
 tium — t. Shedding of the, see Dentition — t. A''i- 
 treous substance of the. Enamel of the teeth — t. 
 Wisdom, spo Dentition — t. Wit, see Dentition. 
 
 TEETHING, Dentition. 
 
 TEGIMEN, Integument. 
 
 TEGMEN, Integument. 
 
 TEGULA HIBERNICA, Hibernicus lapis. 
 
 TEGUMEN, Integument. 
 
 TEGUMENT, Integument. 
 
 TEGUMEN'TARY, Teyumenta'rius, (F.) Te- 
 gumentaire. Relating or appertaining to the in- 
 tegument. 
 
 TEGUMEN'TUM, Integument — t. Auris, see 
 Tympanum — t. Ventriculorum cerebri. Centre, 
 oval, of the brain. 
 
 TETGNE, Pityriasis, Porrigo, Porrigo lupinosa 
 — t. Annulaire, Porrigo scutulata — t. en Anneau, 
 Porrigo scutulata — t. Fai-eme, Porrigo favosa — 
 t. Furfuracee, Porrigo furfurans — t. Nummulaire, 
 Porrigo scutulata. 
 
 TEINESMOS, Tenesmus. 
 
 TEINODYN'IA; from rarav, ' to extend,' and 
 o&vvrj, 'pain.' Pain of the sinews or tendons. 
 
 TEINOPHLOGO'SIS; from rtivuv, 'to ex- 
 tend,' and (p\oytiiaii, ' inflammation.' Inflamma- 
 tion of the sinews or tendons. 
 
 TEINTURE, Tincture — f. Ether^e, see Ethe- 
 real — f. liuhefionte, Tinctura cantharidis. 
 
 TEKEDON, Tabes. 
 
 TELA. Texture, Tissue — t. Accidentalis Me- 
 dullaris, Encephaloid — t. Cavernosa, Cavernous 
 texture — t. Cellulosa. Cellular tissue — t. Cornea, 
 Corneous tissue — t. Choroidea, C'horoidea tela — t. 
 Emplastica, Sparadrapum — t. Erectilis, Erectile 
 tissue — t. Fibrosa, see Fibrous — t. Galteri, Spa- 
 radrapum Galteri — t. Hippocratis cribrosa. Cellu- 
 lar tissue — t. Hymenochondroides, Tissue, carti- 
 laginous — t. Hymenochondrodes, Tissue, cartila- 
 ginous — t. Ichthyocollffi glutinans, see Sparadra- 
 
TELAMON 
 
 902 
 
 TEMPORAL 
 
 pum adtsesivntD — t. Inodularis, Tissue, inodular 
 
 t. Organica, Histos — t. Vesicatoria, Sparadra- 
 
 pum vesicatorium. 
 TELAMON. Habena. 
 
 TELAMO'NES, teXo/uuve?, 'bandages.' Char- 
 pie, used for wounds; or linen employed for 
 bandages. 
 
 TELANGECTASIS, Telangiectasia. 
 TELANGIECTA'SIA, Telangiec'tasis, Telan- 
 gec'tasis, Angeiotelecta'sia, Beematotelangio'sis, 
 Ucemotelangio'sis, Angiecta'sia, Anastomo'sis 
 aneurysmal' ica; from rtKog, 'far,' ayyuov, 'ves- 
 sel,' Bind tKTaaii, 'dilatation.' Dilatation of far or 
 capillary vessels. Nsevus maternus. Aneurism 
 by anastomosis. According to some, fungus hae- 
 matodes. See Haematodes fungus. 
 
 Telangiectasia Ocdli, Cirsophthalmus. 
 TELEPH'IUM, Ulcns telephiinn, Acliille'um- 
 The ancients gave this name to any ulcer of a 
 very bad kind, and difficult to cure, because the 
 ■wound, which Achilles inflicted on Telephus, de- 
 generated into a similar ulcer. 
 Telephium, Sedum telephium. 
 TELLURISMUS, Magnetism, animal. 
 TELLU'RIUM, (F.) Telhire ; from tellus, tel- 
 Juris, 'the earth.' A metal first met with in the 
 gold mines of Transylvania. It is of a bluish 
 white colour, very volatilizable; specific gravity 
 6-115; and oxidizable in the air and by heat. 
 The salts of tellurium occasion the exhalation of 
 so disagreeable an alliaceous odour from the body, 
 that they have not been much experimented with 
 as therapeutical agents. 
 TELUM, Penis. 
 TEJfPE, Temple. 
 
 TEM'PERAMENT, Temperamen'tiim, Temper- 
 atu'ra, Tempera' tio, Tempe'ries ; from teinporare, 
 'to moderate,' originally from tevipvs, temporis, 
 ' time,' the great temperer ; Cuinpileoc'io, Crasis, 
 Eucra'sia. A name given to the remarkable dif- 
 ferences that exist between individuaLs, in conse- 
 quence of the variety of relations and proportions 
 between the constituent parts of the body. Thus, 
 of old, it was supposed that, according to the pre- 
 dominance of any one of the four humours then 
 generally admitted, — blood, lymph, bile, and atra- 
 bilis or black bile, — the manifestations of the 
 functions were tempered or modified so as to give 
 rise to a sanguine, lymphatic, clioleric, or atrabi- 
 lious or melancholic predominance or tempera- 
 ment. The idea of the existence of certain of 
 these humours has been banished ; yet the influ- 
 ence of some, as of the blood, lymph, and bile, is 
 still admitted by many. Too much influence has, 
 doubtless, been assigned to temperament in the 
 sense in which it was formerly and still is gener- 
 ally understood, although there can be no ques- 
 tion that diS"erence of organization occasions a 
 difference in the activity of organs. 
 
 Temperament, Bilious, Choleric tempera- 
 ment. 
 
 TEM'PERANCE, Sophros'yne, Nephal'iotes, 
 Sobri'etas, Sobri'efy. Same etymon. Modera- 
 tion, opposed to gluttony and drunkenness. The 
 advantage of temperance, in a hygienic point of 
 view, requires no comment. 
 TEITPERANTS, Sedatives. 
 TEMPERATIO, Temperament. 
 TEMPERATURA, Temperament. 
 TEMPERIES, Temperament. 
 TEMPLE, Tempus, Re.'gio Tempora'Us, Crot'- 
 aphim, (F.) Ternpe. A depression, on each side 
 of the head, between the forehead and eye ante- 
 riorly, and the ear posteriorly. The temples, dis- 
 tin£ruished into right and left, correspond to the 
 temporal fossa on each side. The word is said to 
 be from the Latin ternjjus, ' time,' because in this 
 
 part the hair first begins to turn white, and to 
 indicate age. 
 
 TEMPORAL, Tempora'Us. That which re- 
 lates to the temples. 
 
 Temporal Aponeuro'sis is a very strong apo- 
 neurosis, of a bluish, shining colour, which is at- 
 tached to the whole of the curved line of the 
 temporal bone; to the posterior edge of the malar 
 bone ; to the superior margin of the zygomatic 
 arch ; and forms an envelope for the temporal 
 muscle. 
 
 Temporal Arteries, Crot' ophite Arteries, are 
 several: — L The 7'empjoral Ay-tery, ^rojierlj so 
 called, arises from the outer side of the superior 
 part of the external carotid. It ascends between 
 the ramus of the jaw, the meatus auditorius ex- 
 ternus, and the parotid gland, which covers it as 
 far as the zygomatic arch. Above this it becomes 
 subcutaneous; and, when it has attained the 
 middle of the temporal region, it divides into two 
 branches; the one anterior — A. tempora'lis fron- 
 ta'lis seu inter'iia seu ante'rior j the other poste- 
 rior — the A. temj-joralis occipita'Us seu exter'na 
 seu supe'rior. The temporal artery, before its 
 division, gives off, 1. Branches to the parotid; to 
 the joint of the lower jaw; to the meatus audi- 
 torius, and to the masseter. 2. The transverse 
 artery of the face. .3. The. middle fempioral,vih\Qh 
 arises beneath the cheek-bones, and traverses the 
 temporal aponeurosis, immediately beneath that 
 bone. II. The Deep)-seated Tem'jiorals — A. tern- 
 pora'les profun'dcB. These are two in number. 
 They arise from the internal maxillary, and have 
 been distinguished, from their position, into an- 
 terior Bx\di piosterior. They send, their principal 
 divisions to the temporal muscle. 
 
 Temporal Bone, Oh lem'poris seu irmpora'le 
 seu arcua'le seu arma'le seu parteta'l? iiiferiua 
 seu erot'ophum seu memen'to mori seu mendo'- 
 sum seu crot'aphit'icum seu lapido'sum, is seated 
 at the lateral and inferior part of the cranium, of 
 which it forms part; and contains, within it, the 
 special organs of audition. It is usually divided 
 into three portions : — 1. The squamous. Pars 
 squamo'sa, Squama, Lepis'ma, Os lepidoi'des seu 
 squamo'sum seu squamifor'me, (F.) Portion ecail- 
 leuse on sqitameuse. 2. The mastoid portion, and, 
 3. The Petrous portion. Petrous Proc"ess, Pyr'- 
 amis trigo'na, Os lapide'um seu lajndo' sum sen 
 sax'eum seu petro'sum seu lithoides seu durum seu 
 prcBruptiB rujji assimila't>im seu nervale. Pars pe- 
 tro'sa, P. pyrantida'lis ossis tem'poris. (F.) Portion 
 pierreuse, Rocher, Osp>etreux, Apopjhyse pyrami- 
 dale, A. petree. 
 
 It ha.s, Jirst, an auricular or external face, on 
 which is a surface that makes part of the tempo- 
 ral fossa; the zygomatic process ; the glenoid ca- 
 vity ; the fissure of Glaser ; the meatus audito- 
 rius externus ; the mastoid process ; the digas- 
 tric groove; the canalis caroticus ; the jugular 
 fossa; the styloid jjrocess ; the stylo-mnstoid fo- 
 ramen, &c. 2. A cerebral or internal surface, 
 which corresponds to the cavity of the cranium, 
 and on which is the Pars ])etrosa, the hiatus Fal- 
 lopii, the meatus auditorius internus, the fissure 
 of the aquceductus vestibuU, a portion of the gut- 
 ter for the lateral sinus, &c. 3. A circumference, 
 on which is observed the orifice of the bony por- 
 tion of the Eustachian tube, the aquceductus 
 cochlea;, &c. The temporal bone is articulated 
 with the sphenoid, occipital, parietal, malar, and 
 inferior maxillary bones. It is developed from 
 five points of ossification. 
 
 Temporal Fossa, Fossa tempora'lis, is an ex- 
 cavation, observed at each side of the head. It 
 is filled by the muscle whose name it bears, and 
 is formed by the temporal and sphenoid, below ; 
 by the parietal and frontal bones, above ; is 
 separated, by a transverse crista, from the 
 
TEMPORO-A URIC UL AIRE 
 
 903 
 
 TENSE UR 
 
 fivgnraatic fossa; and completed, before, by the 
 cheek-bone. 
 
 Tejiporal Muscle, Tempora'lis, Crotaphi'tes, 
 (F.) Arcadi-temporo maxillaire, Temporo maxil- 
 Inire (Ch.), is a broad, flattened, triangular mus- 
 cle, which fills the temporal fossa. Its fibres are 
 attached to the temporal aponeurosis and fossa ; 
 and all converge into a strong tendon, which 
 passes under the zygomatic arch, and is inserted 
 into the coronoid process of the lower jaw. This 
 muscle raises the lower jaw, and applies the teeth 
 against each other. 
 
 Temporal Nerves. These are distinguished 
 into the sxtperficial temporal, furnished by the 
 ■inferior maxillary branch of the fifth pair, behind 
 the condyle of the jaw ; and the temporales pro- 
 fundi, — anterior and posterior, — furnished by 
 the same nerve at its exit from the cranium. 
 Soramering has given the name temporal to the 
 divisions sent by the facial nerve to the temporal 
 regions. 
 
 Temporal Veins were formerly called ^toi 
 or Aetoi Phlehes, Aq'tn'IcB YencE. 
 
 TEMPORO-AURICULAIRE, Attollens au- 
 rem. 
 
 TEM'PORO - FA'CIAL, Tern' poro-facia' lis. 
 Belonging to the temple and face. 
 
 Temporo-facial Nerve, Newus tempom-faci- 
 a'Us. A branch of the facial nerve distributed 
 to the face and temple. 
 
 TE3IP0R0-MAXILLAIRE, Temporo- 
 maxillary, see Temporal muscle. 
 
 TEMPORO-MAX'ILLARY, Tern' poro-m axil- 
 la'ris, (F.) Temporo-maxillaire. That which be- 
 longs to the temporal bone and lower jaw. 
 
 Temporo-Maxillary Articulation or joint 
 of the lower jaw, is seated between the glenoid 
 cavity and transverse process of the temporal 
 bone on the one hand, and the condyle of the 
 lower jaw on the other. Two thin cartilages 
 cover the surfaces of these hones. The one is 
 common to the transverse process, and the por- 
 tion of the glenoid cavity anterior to the fissure 
 of Glaser; the other belongs to the condyle. 
 This articulation is furnished with an inter-arti- 
 cular fibro-cartilage, two synovial capsules, and 
 two lateral ligaments: — the one internal, and 
 the other external. 
 
 Temporo-maxillart Nerves of Bichat are 
 the divisions of the facial nerve, distributed to 
 the temporal and maxillary regions. 
 
 TEMPUS, Temple — t. Interealare, Apyrexia, 
 Intermission. 
 
 TEM'ULENCE, Ehri'etas, Ehrios'itas, WetJii/i'- 
 mus, 3feth'ysis, Temulen' tia. Tern' ulency , Inebria'- 
 tion, Intoxicn'tion, PriinJc'ennens : — from wine, 
 (Enophh/g"ia, (Enoplilyx'is, Vinolen'tia, Vi'jio- 
 lence, (F.) Ivresse ; from temetum, fteS-v, 'wine, any 
 intoxicating drink.' Plater gave this name to 
 delirium ; Ettmuller, to an apoplectic condition, 
 depending upon drunkenness ; the Apoplex'ia 
 Temiilen'ta or dead drunkenness. Commonly, 
 Temidentia is used synonymously with drunken- 
 ness, 3Iethe ; and is often employed in the de- 
 scription of diseases to indicate a state resembling 
 drunkenness. Mania e Temnlentid is the same 
 as Delirium Tremens. The French use the term 
 Ivres-ie for drunkenness, Tvrognerie for habitual 
 drunkenness. 
 
 TEMULENTIA, Temulence. 
 
 TENACULA, Bone-nippers — t. Volsella, For- 
 ceps flithntomy). 
 
 TENACULUM, {t<>nax,lenncis, 'holding fast,') 
 from tenen, 'I hold.' A kind of fine hook 
 attached to a handle which is thrust through the 
 parietes of a blood-vessel to draw it out and 
 enable it to be tied. 
 
 Tenaculum, Assaltni's. An ingenious instru- 
 ment, invented by Assalini. It consists of a for- 
 
 ceps, or double tenaculum, the points of which 
 are fine, sharp, and bifurcated, so as to be readily 
 received into each other when the instrument is 
 closed on the artery, which it is by a spring. It 
 is of great use when the surgeon has no assistant 
 at hand. The instrument is figured in S. Cooper's 
 " First Lines." 
 
 TENAILLE INCISIVE, Bone-nippers. 
 
 TENASMUS, Tenesmus. 
 
 TENDINES CORONARI^, Coronary tendons. 
 
 TEN'DINOUS, Tendiito'sHS, Tendin'exia, 
 Sin'eicy, (F.) Tendineux, from tendo, tendinis, 'a 
 tendon.' Pielating or appertaining to, or having 
 the nature of tendons. 
 
 TENDO, Tendon — t. Cordis venosus, Cireulus 
 eallosus Halleri. 
 
 TENDON, Tendo, Pronerva'tio, Tenon, from 
 TEivo), tendo, 'I. stretch.' Sinew, Theic, Leader, 
 (Prov.) Guider. A fibrous cord, more or less 
 round, long, or flattened ; of a white, pearl colour, 
 and composed of very close parallel fibres. The 
 tendons are attached to the bones, by one ex- 
 tremity; by the other, they receive the insertions 
 of the fleshy fibres : sometimes they aS'ord attach- 
 ment to fleshy fibres at both ends; — as in the 
 digastric muscle. The tendons must be con- 
 sidered as so many cords, for transmitting the 
 motion of muscles to the bones or levers. 
 
 TENDON D'ACHILLE, Achillis tendo. 
 
 Tendon, Cordifoem, of the Diaphragm, Cen- 
 ter, phrenic. 
 
 TENDONS, TWITCHING OF THE, Sub- 
 sultus tendinum. 
 
 TENEOTOMIA, Tenotomy. 
 
 TJENESME, Tenesmus — ^ de V (Esophage, 
 (Esophngismus — t. Vesical, Bradysuria. 
 
 TENES'MUS, Teines'mos, Tenas'mus, from 
 reivo), ' I stretch.' Proc'tiea seu Obstipa'tio 
 Tenesmus, Proctospas'mns, Tinag'mus, (F.) Te~ 
 nesme, Epreintes. Frequent, vain and pfiinful 
 desires to go to stool: — one of the chief symp- 
 toms of inflammation of the lining membrane of 
 the digestive tube, as of dysentery. 
 
 Tenesmus Vesicae, Bradysuria — t. Vesicae 
 mucnsus, Cystirrhoea. 
 
 TENETTES, Forceps (craniotomy). 
 
 TENIA, Tfenia. 
 
 TENNESSEE', MINERAL WATERS OP. 
 On the waters of the French Broad River, in this 
 State, is a large, clear, thermal spring. The heat 
 is so great that, on first going into the water, it 
 is almost insupportable. 
 
 TENON, Tendon. 
 
 TENONT'AGRA, from rtvui/, tcvovtos, 'ten- 
 don,' and aypar ' seizure.' A variety of gout, 
 which affects the tendinous parts of muscles, or 
 the tendinous ligaments which strengthen certain- 
 articulations. 
 
 TENONTOTOMIA, Tenotomy. 
 
 TENONTOTRO'TI, from rtvoiv, rtvovro;, 'ten- 
 don,' and TLTpw<TK(i>, 'I wound.' They who are 
 wounded in the tendons. — Galen. 
 
 TENOSYNI'TIS, Tenosynovi'tis [?], (F.) Te- 
 nosyiiite. An imperfectly formed term, from 
 Ttvav, 'a tendon,' syn, and itis, denoting inflam- 
 mation. Inflammation of the synovial sheath of 
 a tendon. 
 
 TENOTOME, Tenet' om us ; same etymon as 
 the next. An instrument for dividing tendons, 
 especially by the subcutaneous method. 
 
 TENOT'OMY, Tenotom'io, Teneotom'ia, Tenon- 
 totom'ia, Sec'tio seu Dissec'tio ten'dinum, (F.) Te- 
 notomie, from revav, 'a tendon,' and ru/juj. 'in- 
 cision.' The operation of dividing a tendon, 
 often practised for the removal of loxarthrus, oi 
 deviation of the joints — as in club-foot. 
 
 TENSE UR DE L'APONEVROSE FE .MO- 
 RALE, Fascia lata muscle. 
 
TENSION 
 
 904 
 
 TERES 
 
 TEN'SION, Ten'sio, Tensu'rn, Tasis, Bint'ash, 
 Enton'ia, {Entonia is, also, used for over-tension,) 
 Conten'sio, Disten'sio, from tendere, tensum, ' to 
 stretch.' State of a part, which is stretched, 
 when its textures are distended by the afflux 
 of fluids, or the accumulation of gas ; or when 
 its fibres are drawn, as it were, in an opposite 
 direction, and are, consequently, more resisting 
 than usual. 
 
 TENSIVE, Tensi'vus, Tono'des, (F.) Tensif. 
 Same etymon. Accompanied by tension or by a 
 feeling of tension — as a ' tensive pain.' 
 ' TENSOR CHOROIDE^, Ciliary muscle— t. 
 Palati, Circumflexus musculus. 
 
 Tensok Tarsi. A small muscle, belonging to 
 the inner commissure of the eyelids, well de- 
 scribed by Professor Horner, of Philadelphia, and 
 hence termed IJuscle of Horner. It is about 
 three lines broad and six long; arises from the 
 posterior flat surface of the os unguis, near its 
 junction with the ethmoid bone, and passes for- 
 wards and outwards, lying on the posterior face 
 of the lachrymal ducts. As it approaches the 
 commissure of the lids, it splits into two nearly 
 equal parts, each of which is appropriated to a 
 duct, and inserted along its course, almost to the 
 punctum lacrymale. Its chief office seems to be, 
 to influence the position of the punctum lacrymale, 
 and to regulate the course of the tears through 
 the lachrymal ducts. 
 
 Tensor Tym'pani, Inter'nus. Anris, Tnternus 
 Mal'lei, (F.) Salpingo-malleen. A small muscle, 
 which arises from the petrous portion of the tem- 
 poral bone, and the cartilage of the Eustachian 
 tube, and terminates by a tendon, which is re- 
 flected over the processus cochleaformis, and is 
 inserted into the apophysis of the handle of the 
 malleus. 
 
 Tknsor VagiNjE Femokis, Fascia lata muscle. 
 TENSURA, Tension. 
 TENSUS, Penis. 
 
 TENT, Tenta, Turun'da, and its diminutive, 
 Tiirnn'dula, Penic'ulns, Penicil'lus, Penicil'lmn, 
 Mutos, Leinnie'cns, Licin'ium, (F.) Tente, Meclie, 
 from tendere, tensum or tentum, 'to stretch.' In 
 surgery, tents are small rolls of lint, of a cylin- 
 drical or pyramidal shape, which are introduced 
 into wounds and deep ulcers, to prevent them 
 from closing before they are filled up from the 
 bottoin. Tents are sometimes, also, made of pre- 
 pared sponge, gentian root, &o. They are not so 
 much used as they formerly were. 
 
 TENTACULARIA,'Filaria hominis bron- 
 chiiilis. 
 
 TENTACULUM CEREBELLI, Tentorium. 
 TENTA'MEN MED'ICUM. 'A medical trial.' 
 From tenfare, ' to try.' An examination in medi- 
 cine, in the Prussian universities, which is con- 
 ducted both in writing and viva voce before the 
 Dean of the Medical Faculty. 
 
 TENTE, Tent — ?. dii Cervelet, Tentorium. 
 TENTIGO VENEREA, Nymphomania — t. 
 Veretri, Satyriasis. 
 
 TENTIPBL'LUM, from tendere, tensum. or 
 tentum, 'to stretch,' and pellis, 'the skin.' Ancient 
 name of a cosmetic, with which, it was pretended, 
 wrinkles could be effaced. 
 
 TENTO'RIUM, T. cerelel'lo super-exfen'sum, 
 T. cerehelli. Teniae' uliim cerehelU, Septum euceph'- 
 ali, Dia]}hrag'mn cerebri, Intersejj'ta horizonta'- 
 lia Pacchio'ni, Proces'sus transver'sus durcB ma- 
 tris. Lateral Processes of the Dura 3Iater, Trans- 
 verse septum, (F.) Tente du cervelet, Plancher du 
 Cerveau, Septum transverse (Ch. ), from tendere, ten- 
 sum or tentum, 'to stretch.' A process of the dura 
 mater, which separates the cerebrum from the 
 cerebellum. It extends from the internal hori- 
 zontal spine of the occipital bone, directly for- 
 wards to the sella Turcica of the sphenoid. 
 
 Tentorium Cerebelli, Tentorium. 
 
 TENTUM, Penis. 
 
 TENTWORT, Asplenium ruta muraria. 
 
 TENUIS MATER, Pia mater. 
 
 TENUITAS AQUOSA, Pra?dominium aquae. 
 
 TEPHRO'SIA APOLLINE'A, Gale'ga Apol- 
 line'a of Egypt and Nubia. Order, Legurainosse. 
 The leaves are often found mixed with senna. 
 
 Tephrosia PCrpu'rea, Gale'ga purpu'rea of 
 the coast of Coromandel. The root is bitter, and 
 a decoction of it is prescribed by the native doc- 
 tors in dj'spepsia, lientery, and tj'mpanites. 
 
 Tephrosia Senna. The leaves are used for 
 senna by the people of Popayan. 
 
 Tephrosia Toxica'ria, Gale'ga toxica'ria of 
 Cayenne. The leaves are used for poisoning 
 fish. It has been suggested as a substitute for 
 digitalis. 
 
 Tephrosia Virginiana, Galega Virginiana. 
 
 TEPIDARIUM, see Stove. 
 
 TEPLITZ, Tciplitz. 
 
 TERAS, Monster. 
 
 TERATOG"ENY, Teratogen'ia, from rtpaf, 
 Ttparog, 'a monster,' and yevcaii, 'generation.' 
 The formation of monsters. 
 
 TERATOL'OGY, Tera1olog"ia, from rtgag, 
 TcpuTos, 'a monster,' and ^oyo;, 'a discourse.' A 
 treatise on monsters. 
 
 TERATOSIS, see Monster. 
 
 TERCERON, see Mulatto — t. Black, see Mu- 
 latto. 
 
 TEREBELLA, Trepan. 
 
 TEREBELLUM. A name given by Duges to 
 a perforator, Perce crane, of his invention. 
 
 TEREBENTHINE, Terebinthina— f. de Bor- 
 deaux, see Pinus sylvestris— t. de Ohio, see Pis- 
 tacia terebinthus — t. de Copahu, Copaiba — t. 
 Commune, see Pinus sylvestris — t. d'Egypte, see 
 Amyris opobalsamum — t. de Gilead, see Amyris 
 opobalsamum — <. rfi( Grand Caire, see Amyris 
 opobalsamum — t. de Judee, see Amyris opobal- 
 samum — t. de 3Ieleze, see Pinus larix. 
 
 TEREBENTHINE, Terebinth in ate. 
 
 TEREBIN'THINA, from rcp^iv^os, or repcfiiv- 
 Sog, 'the turpentine tree.' Tur'pentine, Botin, 
 Albotim, Altilibat, Brutino, (F.) Terebenthine. A 
 substance, of the consistence of honey, which 
 flows from many trees of the terebinthacese and 
 conifer* families. It is viscid; shining: more 
 or less transparent; inflammable; of a warm, 
 pungent taste ; strong smell ; and is entirely 
 composed of resin and essential oil, without ben- 
 zoic acid. It is soluble in alcohol. See Turpen- 
 tine, Pinus palustris and Pinus sylvestris. All 
 the turpentines are stimulant, diuretic, and ca- 
 thartic. 
 
 Terebinthina Argentoratensis, see Pinus 
 picea — t. Balsamea, see Pinus balsamea — t. Ca- 
 nadensis, see Pinus balsamea — t. Chia, see Pis- 
 tacia terebinthus — t. Communis, see Pinus syl- 
 vestris — t. Cypria, see Pistacia terebinthus — t. 
 Empyreumatica, see Pinus sylvestris — t. Larici- 
 na, see Pinus larix — t. Veneta, see Pinus larix — 
 t. Vera, see Pistacia terebinthus — t. Vulgaris, see 
 Pinus sylvestris — t. de Venise, see Pinus larix. 
 
 TEREBIN'THINATE, Terebinthina' tus, (F.) 
 Terebenthine. Having the qualities of turpentine. 
 TEREBINTHUS, Terminthus— t. Gummifera, 
 Bursera gummifera — t. Lentiscus, Pistacia len- 
 tiscus — t. Vulgaris, Pistacia terebinthus. 
 TEREBRA, Trepan. 
 TEREBRATIO, Trepanning. 
 TEREDO OSSIUM, Caries, Spina ventosa. 
 TERES, Stron'gylus, Cylindroi' des ' long and 
 round,' from tero, ' to rub,' quasi 'rubbed smooth 
 or round.' An epithet given to many organs, the 
 fibres of which are collected into round fasciculi. 
 I Teres Ligamen'tum, (F.) Ligament rond. 
 
TERESIS 
 
 905 
 
 TESTICLE 
 
 This name is given to the round ligament in the 
 cotyloid cavity of the os innominatum, which 
 is attached to the head of the bone, and to the 
 bottom of the cavity. It is, also, given to a 
 small fibrous fascia, which extends from the co- 
 ronoid process of the ulna to below the bicipital 
 tubercle of the radius. 
 
 Teres Major, (F.) Anguli-scapulo-humh-al, 
 Scapiilo-Jiicmeral (Ch.), Grand rond, is situate at 
 the inferior and posterior part of the shoulder. 
 It is attached, on the one hand, to the outer sur- 
 face of the scapula; to the corresponding part of 
 its axillary margin ; and, on the other, to the 
 posterior margin of the bicipital groove of the 
 humerus. It carries the arm backwards and 
 inwards, and carries it, also, inwards in rotation. 
 When it acts with the longissimus dorsi and pec- 
 toralis major, it applies the arm against the late- 
 ral part of the chest, and keeps it forcibly there. 
 
 Teres Minor, Nanus hu'meri Placenti'ni, (F.) 
 Le plus petit sus-scapido-trochiterien (Ch.), Petit 
 rond, Margim-sus-scapido-trochitin'en, is situ- 
 ate at the posterior and inferior part of the 
 shoulder ; it is narrow and flattened, from above 
 to below, in its inner half; and, from before to 
 behind, in the outer. It is attached, on the one 
 part, to the outer surface of the scapula, near its 
 inferior angle ; and, on the other, to the inferior 
 part of the great tuberosity of the humerus. It 
 depresses the arm, and causes it to turn on its 
 axis from within outwards. It also carries it 
 backwards. 
 
 TERESIS, Observation. 
 
 TERETRIUM, Trepan. 
 
 TERETRON, Trepan. 
 
 TERGAL, Dorsal. 
 
 TERGEMINL Trigemini. 
 
 TERGUM, Dorsum, Vertebral column. 
 
 TERMINALIA, see Myrobalanus. 
 
 TERMINOLOGY, Nomenclature. 
 
 TERMIN'THUS, Terehin'thus, from rtp^iv^os, 
 'the turpentine tree.' Phyma Anthrax, Termin- 
 thus, Berry or Fungous carbuncle. The ancients 
 gave this name to a tumour, surmounted by a 
 black pustule, and resembling the fruit of the 
 turpentine tree. 
 
 Terminthus, Pistacia terebinthus. 
 
 TERMINUS SUPERIOR ASPERiE ARTE- 
 RI^, Larynx. 
 
 TERMONOLOGT, Nomenclature. 
 
 TERMS, Menses. 
 
 TERRA ABSORBENS MINERALIS, Magne- 
 siee earbonas — t. Aluminis, Argilla pura — t. Ama- 
 ra aerata, Magnesise earbonas — t. Amara sulphu- 
 rica, Magnesise sulphas — t. Argillacea hydrata, 
 Argilla pura — t. Argillacea pura, Argilla pura — t. 
 Bolaris, Argilla pura — t. Foliata, Sulphur — t. 
 Foliata mineralis. Soda aeetata — t. Foliata tartari, 
 Potassae acetas — t. Fornacum, see Bricks — t. 
 Fullonica, Cimolia purpurescens — t. Japonica, 
 Catechu, Nauclea gambir. 
 
 Terra Lem'nia, Lemp'nias, Argilla hohis flava, 
 Lem'ninn Earth. A name given .by the ancients 
 to a solid, reddish, astringent, substance, pre- 
 pared with the pulp of the fruit of the Baobab, 
 an African tree, according to Prosper Alpinus. 
 It seems, however, to be an argillaceous earth. 
 It has been employed as an astringent. 
 
 Terra Livon'ica. A terra sigilla'ta or sealed 
 earth from Livonia, redder than that from Silesia, 
 and very astringent. 
 
 Terra Merita, Curcuma longa. 
 
 Terra Noceria'na. A whitish, soft, and as- 
 tringent earth, found in the environs of Nocera, 
 in Italy. 
 
 Terra Orlea'na, Pigmen'tum urucii, Urticu, 
 (F.j Rocoii, Roucou, Bichet. A pigmental matter 
 obtained from the seeds of Bixa Orleana seu 
 Orella'na seu America'na, Orella'na, Orlea'na. 
 
 In Jamaica, it is recommended in dysentery, and 
 is considered to possess astringent and stomachic 
 qualities. It is called, according to its shape, 
 Flag, Boll, or Egg Annotto. 
 
 Spanish Annotto, Bixa, is in small, oblong 
 cakes. It is chiefly employed as a colouring 
 matter. 
 
 Terra Os'sea, Jfate'ria ossea. Bony matter. 
 The earthy portion of bones. 
 
 Terra Ponderosa, Baryta — t. Ponderosa mu- 
 riata, Baryta, muriate of — t. Ponderosa salita. 
 Baryta, muriate of — t. Saponaria, Cimolia pur- 
 purescens. 
 
 Terra Portugal'lica, Barros, Bucaros. A 
 reddish, astringent, stj'ptic earth, obtained from 
 Portugal. 
 
 Terra Sigilla'ta, Sealed Earth. A bole or 
 earthy matter, made into little cakes or flat 
 masses, and stamped with certain impressions, as 
 with the head of the Grand Seignior. To these 
 belong the Terra Sileeiaca, Terra Lemnia, T. 
 Turcica. See Bole and Bolus alba. 
 
 Terra Silesiaca, see Terra sigillata — t. Tal- 
 cosa oxyanthracodes, Magnesias earbonas — t. 
 Turcica, see Terra sigillata. 
 
 Terra Uri'n^. The earthy deposit in the 
 urine. 
 
 Terra Vitrioli Dulcis, Colcothar. 
 
 TERR^ SIGILLATiE, see Bole, Bolus alba, 
 and Terra sigillata. 
 
 TERRAPIN, Emys palustris. 
 
 TERRE BOLAIRE, Bolus — <. 2[agnesienne, 
 Magnesiae earbonas — t. Noix, Bunium bulbocas- 
 tanum — t. Pesante, Baryta — t. Sigillee, Bolus 
 alba. 
 
 TERRETTE, Glechoma hederacea. 
 
 TERTIAN FEVER, Fehris tertia'na, An'etus 
 tertianns, Tritas'us, Tertian or Third Day Ague, 
 Third Bay Fever, (F.) Fievre tierce, from terlius, 
 ' the third.' An intermittent, whose paroxysms 
 recur every third day, or every 48 hours. The 
 mildest, and the most pernicious, intermittents 
 belong to this head. As a general rule, it is the 
 most manageable form of ague. 
 
 A double tertian, (F.) JJouble tierce (Fievre), 
 has a paroxysm every day, — the paroxysms of 
 alternate days being associated. 
 
 TERTIANARIA, Scutellaria galericulata. 
 
 TESSARA, Cuboid. 
 
 TESSELLA, Tabella. 
 
 TEST, DANIEL'S, see Doeimasia pulmonum 
 — t. Hydrostatic, see Doeimasia pulmonum — t. 
 Ploucquet's, see Doeimasia pulmonum — t. Static, 
 see Doeimasia pulmonum. 
 
 TESTA, ('a shell,') see Ostrea — t. Ovi, see 
 Membrana putaminis. 
 
 Testa Pr^epara'ta, Prepaied Oyster-shell. 
 Oyster-shell, freed from extraneous matter,washed 
 with boiling water, reduced to powder, and pre- 
 pared in the same manner as Creta prajparata. 
 
 TESTA'CEOUS, Testa'ceus, (F.) Testace, from 
 testa, 'a shell.' A powder, consisting of burnt 
 shells. These contain carbonate of lime chiefly, 
 and hence the term has been applied to creta- 
 ceous substances. See Creta. 
 
 TEST^ FORNACE^, Bricks— t. Ostrea3, see 
 Ostrea. 
 
 TESTES. The Testicles, see Testicle. Vulgar- 
 Ij', the Stones. A name, also, given to the infe- 
 rior tubercles of the corpora quadrigemina, to dis- 
 tinguish them from the superior, called Kates. 
 
 Testes Cerebri, see Quadrigemina corpora. 
 
 TES'TICLE, Testis, T. viri'lis, Testic'ulua, 
 Orchis, Pomum amo'ris, Did'yvius, Her'nia, Gem'- 
 ini (pi.), Gemelli (pi.). Ovum, (F.) Tes-iicide, from 
 testis, 'a witness;' because the testicles are evi- 
 dences of virility. The name of two glandular 
 organs, contained in the scrotum, whose ofliee is 
 to secrete sperm. The substance of the testicle 
 
TESTICONDUS 
 
 906 
 
 TEUCRIUM GRETICUM 
 
 consists of numerous conical, flattened lobules — 
 loh'uli testis — whose bases are directed towards 
 the surface of the organ, and the apices towards 
 the corpus Highmorianum. They are formed of 
 a gray and softish substance, composed of tor- 
 tuous canals, called Tu'buli seu Canalic'uli semi- 
 iiif'eri seu semina'les, Vasa semina'lia, Vas'ciila 
 serpenti'na, folded on each other, and of extreme 
 fineness ; the number of which, according to the 
 estimate of Monro, is 62,500, and the total length 
 5,208 feet. All these canals, uniting in their 
 course, pass through the corpus Highmorianum, 
 concur in forming the epididymis, and give origin 
 to the ras deferens. The testicles are covered, 
 immediately, by a fibrous membrane, of an opake 
 white colour, and very tough, called Tu'nica Al- 
 hugin'ea, or, simply, Albugin'ea, Perites'tis, (F.) 
 Feridldi/me, of which the corpus Highmorianum 
 is onlj' an enlargement. Over this, again, is the 
 tunica vaginalis, the second envelope of the 
 testis. 
 
 Testicle, Swelled, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 TESTICONDUS, Crypsorchis. 
 
 TESTICULAR, resiicdZa'rj's, (F ) Testiculaire. 
 Belonffing or relating to the testicle. 
 
 TESTICULE, Testicle. 
 
 TESTICULUS, Testicle — L Accessorius, Epi- 
 didj-mis^ — t. Caninus, Orchis mascula. 
 
 TESTIMO'XIUM MATURITA'TIS. 'Evi- 
 dence of fitness.' A certificate of complete edu- 
 cation, required, in the Prussian universities, of 
 a candidate, before he can be admitted to exami- 
 nation for the deeree of Doctor of Medicine. 
 
 TESTIS FEMINEUS, Ovary — t. Irritable, 
 Orehidalgia — t. Minor, Prostate — t. Muliebris, 
 Ovary — t. Yirilis, Testicle. 
 
 TESTUDINATIO CRAjSTII, Camarosis. 
 
 TESTU'DO, CheWne, (F.) Tortue. A genus 
 of reptiles, including the turtle, the flesh of which 
 is much esteemed as an article of diet. 
 
 Also, an encysted tumour, which has been sup- 
 posed to resemble the shell of a turtle; Empliy'- 
 ma enci/s'tis gcnig'lioii. See Talpa. 
 
 Testcdo Cerebri, Fornix — t. Scapula, see 
 Scapula. 
 
 TET, Nipple. 
 
 TET'ANIC, Tetan'icum, Spas'ticum, Convulsi'- 
 vum, Coiivul'stve, (F.) Tetanique, from reivu), '1 
 stretch.' A remedy, which acts on the nerves, 
 and, through them, on the muscles, occasioniog, 
 in large doses, convulsions. The chief agents of 
 this class are J\lix Voynica, Strychnia, Brucia, 
 Arnica, and Toxicodendron. 
 
 Also, an epithet for a tonic convulsion. 
 
 TETANINE, Strychnia. 
 
 TETANOMATA, Tetanothra. 
 
 TETANO'THRA, Tetmwm'ata, Erngato'ria, 
 from -erai'ug, 'free from wrinkles.' Medicines 
 which remove wrinkles. — Gorrseus. 
 
 TETANOS, Tetanus. 
 
 TET'ANUS, from tuvw, 'I stretch.' Spasm 
 with rigidity, Convtd'sio In'dica, Holoton'ia, Eo- 
 loton'iciis, Holotef anus, Tet'anus iiniversa'lis, Bi- 
 gor nervo'-ius seu nervo'riim, Exten'sio seu Dis- 
 ten'sio, Enta'sia tetanus, Cat'ochus cervi'nus seu 
 holoton' ieus, (P.) Tetanos, 3fal de cerf. A dis- 
 ease which consists in a permanent contraction 
 of all the muscles or merely of some, without 
 alternations of relaxation. It is characterized by 
 closure of the jaws; difficulty or impracticability 
 of deglutition; rigidity and immobility of the 
 limbs and trunk, which is sometimes curved for- 
 wards (Emprosthot'onos), sometimes backwards 
 fOpicthot'onos), and sometimes to one side {Pleu- 
 roiJwt'ono-^). When tetanus is confined to the 
 muscles of the jaws, it is called Trismus. It is 
 a most formidable affection. The means of treat- 
 ment are. — copious and repeated blood-letting; 
 
 bathing, cold and warm ; powerful doses of opium, 
 and other narcotics. In Traumat'ic Tetanus, or 
 that which supervenes on a wound, every extra- 
 neous matter must, of course, be removed from 
 the wound, and soothing applications be made 
 to it. 
 
 Tetanus Anticus, Emprosthotonos — t. Dolo- 
 rificus, Cramp — t. Dorsalis, Opisthotonos — t. 
 Lateralis, Pleurothotonos — t. Maxillae inferioris. 
 Trismus — t. Posterganeus, Opisthotonos — t. 
 Posticus, Opisthotonos — t. Universalis, see Te- 
 tanus. 
 
 TETART^US, Quartan. 
 
 TETARTOPHPA, from TiTapro?, 'the fourth,' 
 and (pxiia, 'I arise.' Quarta'nus remit'tens. A 
 quartan, in which the intermission is inordinately 
 short or imperfect. 
 
 T£:TE, Caput, Head — ?, de Vcau, Elephanti- 
 asis of the Greeks. 
 
 TETRADRACH'MON, from rsTpas, 'four,' and 
 SpaxM, 'a drachm.' A weight of four drachms 
 or half an ounce. 
 
 TETRAGONUS, Platysma myoides. 
 
 TETRAHIT LONGIFLORUM, Galeopsis 
 grandiflora. 
 
 TETRAMY'RON, from rsTpas, 'four,' and ,,v- 
 pov, 'an ointment.' An ointment of four ingre- 
 dients. — Galen. 
 
 TETRANGURIA, Cucurbita citrullus. 
 
 TETRANTHERA PICHURIM, Pichurim 
 beans. 
 
 TETRA'O COTUR'NIX, Cotumix, the Quail, 
 (F.) CaiUe; Class, Aves ; Ord. Gallinacese. The 
 quail is an esteemed article of diet. The Greek 
 name is oprv^, oprvyog; and the places, called 
 Ortygia, are named after it. The excrements of 
 the quail were formerly extolled in epilepsy, and 
 the fat in specks of the eye. 
 
 TETRAPHAR'MACUM, from rtrpa;, 'four,' 
 and (fiap/iaKov, 'a medicine.' A medicine consist- 
 ing of four ingredients. 
 
 TETRAS'CELUS, from rerpa, 'four,' and ckc- 
 Aof, ' leg.' A monster having four legs. — Gurlt. 
 
 TETROB'OLON. The weight of four oboli, 
 or two scruples. — Gorrasus. 
 
 TETROROS, Astragalus. 
 
 TETTER, Herpes — t. Crusted, Impetigo — t. 
 Honeycomb, Porrigo favosa — t. Humid, Eczema 
 impetigo — t. Milky, Porrigo larvalis — t. Pustu- 
 lar, Impetigo — t. Running, Impetigo — t. Scaly, 
 Psoriasis. 
 
 TETTERWORT, Chelidonium majus. 
 
 TEUCRIUM ^GYPTIACUM, T. capitatum 
 — t. Belium, T. capitatum. 
 
 Teucrium Capita'tum, T. Bel'ium seu JEgyp- 
 ti'acum, Po'lium Capita'tum, Foley Jfountain of 
 Montpel'lier, Ord. Labiatae, is, generallj', substi- 
 tuted for T. chaniffidrys. The common Foley 
 Mountain, is the Teucrium vionta'num; and the 
 Golden Foley Mountain, the Teucrium Po'lium, 
 Po'lion. 
 
 Teu'crium Cham^'drts, T. officina'le, Clia- 
 mcedrys, C. minor repens seu vulga'ris, Quer'cula 
 minor seu Calamandri'na, Trissa'go, Chamm'- 
 drops, Trixa'go, Common, Creeping or Small Ger- 
 mander, English Treacle, (¥.) Petit chene, Chi- 
 nette, Germandree officinale. This is possessed 
 of aromatic and bitter properties. The dose of 
 the dried powder is from gss to ^j. 
 
 Teucrium Cham^p'itvs, Chamcspitys, Arthet'- 
 ica, Arthretica, Aju'ga, A. seu Bu'gula Chama'- 
 pitys, Ahiga, Chamamo'rus, Iva arthrit'ica, Ho- 
 loc'yron, lo'nia, Sideri'tis, Common Groundpine, 
 (P.) Petite Ivetle. Properties like the last. The 
 tops and leaves have been recommended as ape- 
 rients and tonics; especially in female obstruc- 
 tions, and in paralytic disorders. 
 
 Teucrium Cret'icum, T. hyssopifo'Uum seu 
 Bosmarinifo' Hum, Bosmari' nus stce'chadis facie. 
 
TEXTUM INTEKLOBULARE 907 THEBESIUS, VEINS OF 
 
 .p. 'vy-niountnin of Oandy, Po'lium Cret'icwn. 
 The tops and whole herb enter into the old com- 
 pounds, Mithvidnte and Theriaca. It has a mo- 
 derately aromatic smell; and a nauseous, bitter 
 taste, and is placed among the aperients and cor- 
 roborants. 
 
 Teucridm Flavum has similar properties to 
 T. chamtedrys. 
 
 TEUCRinM Hyssoptfolidm, T. Creticum. 
 
 TeuCRIUM Iva, Chamw'pitijs moscha'ta, Iva, I. 
 moscJia'ta 3[rms2')elien'sium, Chamaipitya anthyl'- 
 lus, French Groundpine, (F.) Ivette musquee. It 
 has similar virtues to T. Chamsepitys, but is 
 weaker. 
 
 Teucrium Maritimum, T. Marum. 
 
 Teucrium Marum, T. marWimnm, Bfarum Sy- 
 riacum seu Cret'iciim seu verum seu Cortii'si, 3Ia- 
 jora'na Syr'iaca, Chama'drys incu'na marit'tma 
 seu marum, Orig'anum Syrincum, Marum ger- 
 mander, Syrinn herb mastlch, Cat thyme, (F.) 
 Marum ou Germandree maritime, Herhe cnix chats. 
 A very aromatic plant, of a camphorated smell : 
 formerly much used in medicine as a tonic, anti- 
 spasmodic, emmenagogue, &e. 
 
 Teucrium Officinale, T. chamasdrys — t. Pa- 
 lustre, T. scordium — t. Pyramidale, Ajuga — t. 
 Rosmarinifolium, T. Creticum. 
 
 Teucrium Scor'dium, T. p>alu8'tre, Scordium, 
 Trissu'go pahis'trie, Chamcsdrys palnslris seu 
 scor'dium, Al'lium red'olens. Water Germander, 
 (F.) Germandree scorodone, Sauge des hois, Ger- 
 mandree aquatique. The leaves have a garlicky 
 smell, and bitterish, slightly pungent taste. It 
 has the tonic properties of the other Teucria. 
 
 TEXTUM INTEKLOBULARE, Interlobular 
 tissue. 
 
 TEXTUKA, Texture— t. Organica, Histos. 
 
 TEX'TURAL. Same etymon as Texture. 
 Relating or appertaining to a texture. 
 
 TEXTURE, Te:vtu'ra, Textus, from texere, tex- 
 tum, 'to weave.' Tela, Hypha, Hyphe. The par- 
 ticular arrangement of the tissues that constitute 
 an organ. 
 
 TEXTUS, Texture, Tissue— t. Cellulosus, Cel- 
 lular tissue — t. Desmosus, Desmoid tissue — t. 
 Erectilis, Erectile texture — t. Nervorum, Plexus 
 nervorum — t. Organious, Cellular tissue — t. Pa- 
 pillaris, Corpus papillare — t. Parench3'malis, Cel- 
 lular tissue. 
 
 TH^EIA, Radzyge. 
 
 THAL'AMUS, ^uXa/wf, (F.) Gouche. 'A room 
 or chamber; a bed.' The place at which a nerve 
 originates, or has been considered to originate. 
 
 •Thal'ami Nervo'rum Optico'rum seu Op'- 
 TICI, Eminen'ticB magna cer'ehri, Ganglia cerebri 
 posti'ca. Crura medul'la ohlonga'tcR (of some), 
 Stria'ta cor'pora super'na posterio'ra, Collic'idi 
 nervo'rum. optico'rum. Optic thal'ami, Posterior 
 cer'ehral gan'glion, (F.) Couches des nerfs oc.ii- 
 laires (Ch.), C. des nerfs optiques, C. optlqiiea. 
 Two rounded and irregular surfaces, which are 
 seen exposed in the lateral ventricles of the brain, 
 and in the third ventricle, the inferior surface of 
 which presents two projections, called Corpora 
 genicida'ta, that furnish several filaments to the 
 optic nerves. The name was given from a belief 
 that the optic nerves originate from them. They, 
 however, arise more posteriori}', and adhere merely 
 to the inner margin of those bodies. Gall consi- 
 ders, that the thalami act as ganglions to the 
 nerves; and, hence, he calls them Grand ganglion 
 cerebral inferienr. They are, also, called Poste- 
 rior ganglion of the cerebrum. Prom the thalami 
 and corpora striata fibres proceed upwards to con- 
 stitute the convolutions of the brain, and the 
 various bands that connect the difiFerent parts of 
 the brain together. The upper and inner parts 
 of the thalami are so closely connected as to form 
 one continued surface, called Commiesu' ra mollis. 
 
 The posterior parts turn downwards and out- 
 wards; after which they are elongated to form 
 the two white cords, termed Tractus op'tici. 
 
 Thalamus Regalis, Pericardium. 
 
 THALIC'TRON, &a>iKTi>ov, Thalictrum, T. ' 
 magnum seu flavum seu Jlaves'cena seu praten'se 
 seu ni'gricans seu rugo'sum seu vagina'tnm, Rha- 
 har'harum pau'pertim, Meadoio-rue, Poor Man's 
 Rhubarb, (F.) Pigamon jaundtre. Hue des pres, 
 Fausse-Rhabarbe, Rliabarbe des pauvres. Ord. 
 Ranunculaceae. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Polygynia. 
 The root resembles rhubarb in its properties. 
 
 THALICTRUM ANEMONOI'DES, jVeadow 
 Rue, Rue-leaved Anem'ony ; an indigenous plant, 
 flowering in April and May. 
 
 THAMARINDUS, Tamarindus. 
 
 THAME, Pollex. 
 
 THANASIMUS, Mortal. 
 
 THANATODES, Mortal. 
 
 TIIAN'ATOID, ThanatoVdes; from Bavaroq, 
 'death,' and tthoi, 'resemblance.' Resembling 
 death. Apparently dead. 
 
 THANATOL'OGY, Thanatolog"ia, Thnesco- 
 log''ia, from davaros, ' death,' and )iO'yog, ' a dis- 
 course.' A description, or the doctrine, of death. 
 
 THANATOS, Death. 
 
 THAP'SIA, from the island Thapsus. The 
 deadly carrot, thapsia ascle'pias. Family, Vm- 
 belliferfs. Sex. Syst. Pentnndria Digynia. The 
 root operates violently, both upwards and down- 
 wards. It is not used. 
 
 THAPSUS BARBATUS, Verbaseum nigrum. 
 
 THARSI, see Tarsus. 
 
 THASPIUM ACT^IFOLIUM, Ligustieum 
 actseifolium. 
 
 Thaspium Atropukpu'reum, Th. corda'tvm, 
 Round heart. Order, VmheUiferse. The flowers, 
 which appear in June, are of a dark purple. 
 
 Thas'pium Barbino'de, Meadoic Parsnep. An 
 indigenous plant, of the Northern and Western 
 States, which flowers in June. Flowers, yellow. 
 
 Both plants have been esteemed vulnerary, 
 antisyphilitic, and diaphoretic; and as antidotes 
 to the bite of a rattlesnake. 
 
 Thaspium Cordatum, Th. atropurpureum. 
 
 THE^ Thigh. 
 
 THE, Thea — f. des Apialaches, Ilex vomitoria 
 — t. du Canada, Gaultheria — t. Compiose, Species 
 — t. d'Europe, Salvia veronica — t. de France, Sal- 
 via — t. de Jersey, Celastrus — t. de la Mer du Sud, 
 Ilex vomitoria — t. du 3/exique, Chenopodium am- 
 brosioides — t. de Simon Pavli, Myrica gale — t. 
 Suisse, Falltranck. 
 
 THEA, Chaa, Tea, (F.) ThS. There are two 
 principal species of tea-plant; the Thea Bohe'a, 
 and Thea vir'idis ; the black tea, and the green. 
 Ord. Camelliese. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Mono- 
 gynia. In commerce, many kinds of tea are met 
 with. Several of the differences between these 
 appear to result from the age at which the leaves 
 have been collected, and the mode of their desic- 
 cation. 
 
 Tea-drinking was introduced into Europe about 
 the year 1666 ; since which time its use has become 
 almost universal ; and, in spite of the assertions of 
 medical terrorists, it is, except in particular idio- 
 syncracies, entirely harmless. 
 
 By an analogical transference, very common 
 in language, the word Tea has been used almost 
 synonymously with infusion, as Beef tea. Mint 
 tea, (fee. 
 
 Thea Germanica, Veronica. 
 
 THEBE'SIUS, VEINS OF. A name given to 
 supposititious branches of the coronary veins, 
 which Christopher Adam Thebesius, a German 
 anatomist, described as opening into the heart 
 by small depressions observable in the right 
 auricle ; and which have been called Foram'ina 
 
THECA 
 
 908 
 
 THEEIACA 
 
 Thehe'sit. No such veins can be demonstrated. 
 The valve, at the orifice of the coronary vein, 
 in the right ventricle, is called Valmda Thehe'sii, 
 V. Gniffartia'na, V. vencB magncB. 
 
 THECA, Case, Vagina, Sheath — t. Cerebri, 
 Cranium — t. Cordis, Pericardium — t. Folliculi, 
 see Folliculi Graafiani— t. Vertebralis, see Verte- 
 bral canal. 
 
 THECI'TIS, from theca, and itis, denoting in- 
 flamriiation. A term, of hybrid formation, signify- 
 ing inflammation of the sheaths of tendons. 
 
 THE IN, see Coffea Arabica. 
 
 THEION, Sulphur. 
 
 TIIEIOPEG^, Waters, mineral (sulphureous.) 
 
 THEIOTHERM^, Waters, mineral, sulphu- 
 reous. 
 
 THELASIS, Lactation. 
 
 THELASMUS, Lactation. 
 
 THELASTRIA, Nurse. 
 
 THBLE, Nipple. 
 
 THELI'TIS, (F.) TheUte; from M"?, 'the 
 female nipple,' ' the female breast,' and ills, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the nipple. 
 
 THELON'CUS, Mastoncus. 
 
 THELORRHAG"IA, from &r,\v, 'nipple,' and 
 payn< ' a rupture.' Hemorrhage from the nipple. 
 
 THELOS, Mamma. 
 
 THELYGON'IA, from %Uq, 'pertaining to 
 the female sex,' andyoK)?, 'generation.' The part 
 taken by the female in the act of generation. 
 Also, nymphomania. 
 
 THELYGONUM, Sperm (of the female.) 
 
 THELYPTERIS, Pteris aquilina. 
 
 THENAD, Thenal. 
 
 THENAL, Thenar ; same etymon as thenar. 
 Relating or appertaining to the thenar. 
 
 Thexal Aspect. An aspect towards the side 
 on which the thenar is situated. — Barclay. The- 
 nad is used, adverbially, by the same writer, to 
 signify ' towards the thenal aspect.' 
 
 THENAR, ^ivap, from S£i;u, ' I strike,' ' I push.' 
 The palm of the hand, or sole of the foot. 
 
 Thenar, Flexor brevis pollicis manus. Palm. 
 
 Themar or Thenal Em'inexce is the projec- 
 tion at the anterior and outer part of the hand, 
 formed by the abductor brevis, opponens, and 
 flexor brevis pollicis. 
 
 Thenar or Thenal. Muscle. Riolan and 
 Winslow give this name to the fleshy mass, 
 formed of the abductor brevis, opponens pollicis, 
 and the interior part of the flexor brevis pollicis. 
 In the foot, Winslow gives the name Thenal mus- 
 cle to the abductor and flexor brevis pollicis pedis. 
 
 THEOBROMA CACAO, Cacao. 
 
 THEOMANIA, Demonomania. 
 
 THEOPLEGIA, Apoplexy. 
 
 THEOPLEXIA, A^poplexy. 
 
 THEORET'ICAL, Theoret'iciis, Theo'ricua, 
 from Seuiiico), ' I contemplate.' (F.) Theoretique, 
 Tlieoriqiie. That which is confined to theory, or 
 is connected with it. An epithet also applied to 
 a sect of physicians, who founded their doctrine 
 chiefly on reasoning. 
 
 THEORIA, Theory. 
 TH£01UQUE, Theoretical. 
 
 THE'ORY, Theo'ria, (F.) Theorie. Same 
 etymon. The speculative part of a science. The 
 connexion established in the mind between a 
 general fact, or the least possible number of gene- 
 ral facts, and all the particular facts dependent 
 thereon : for example, the motions of the heavenly 
 bodies, and the most important natural pheno- 
 mena are connected with a single fact, previously 
 known by observation; viz. that tbe force of gra- 
 vity acts inversely according to the square of the 
 distance. This constitutes the theory of univer- 
 sal gravitation. Theory must not be confounded 
 with system. Theory regards nature as it is, and 
 is a rigid deduction from facts. System is too 
 
 often the creature of the imagination, to which 
 nature is made to bend. 
 
 Theory or Med'icine, In'etitutes of 3Iedicine, 
 Theoret'ieal IJediciue, is that part of the science 
 which attempts philosophically to account for 
 the various phenomena that present themselves 
 during health as well as in disease. It is the 
 philosophy of Medicine. The Institutes of Medi- 
 cine are generally considered to comprise Phy- 
 siology and its applications to Pathology, Hy- 
 giene, and Therapeutics. By some they are con- 
 sidered to include General Pathology and Gene- 
 ral Therapeutics. 
 
 THEIOTHERMiE, Waters, mineral, sulphu- 
 reous. 
 
 THERAPEIA, Curation, Therapeutics. 
 
 THERAPEUSIS, Therapeutics. 
 
 THERAPEUTA, Therapeutist. 
 
 THERAPEUTICE, Therapeutics. 
 
 THERAPEU'TICS, Therapeu'tice, Therapeu'- 
 sia, Therapeu'sis, latrotech'nice, Therapei'a, 
 Therapji' a, Curato' ria 3Ieth' odiis, Jletkodua 
 Medeii'di, Practice of Physic, (F.) 7'herapeu- 
 tiqne, Therapie, from ScpariEvui, ' 1 wait upon, I 
 alleviate, I attend upon the sick.' That part of 
 medicine, the object of which is the treatment of 
 disease. With others, the department which 
 comprises an explanation of the modus opierandi 
 of medicines. 
 
 THERAPEUTIQUE, Therapeutics. 
 
 THERAPEU'TIST, Therapeu'ta. Same ety- 
 mon. One who practices therapeutics. A prac- 
 titioner of medicine. To be a good therapeutist, 
 a man must be well versed in every department 
 of medicine, and be capable of observing and rea- 
 soning well. He may be a good observer, and 
 yet a bad reasouer. He cannot practice well un- 
 less he is both. Hence, the comparatively small 
 number of good therapeutists. 
 
 THERAPIA, Therapeutics. 
 
 THERAPIE, Therapeutics. 
 
 THERIA, Radzyge. 
 
 THERIAC, Theriaca— t. of Antipater, Anti- 
 patri theriaca. 
 
 THE'RIACA, ^vfiaKa, The'riac, from ^r,p, *a 
 ferocious or venomous animal.' Treacle, Jlelas- 
 ses, (F.) Theriaque. Also, a medicine, believed 
 to be capable of curing or preventing the effects 
 of the bite of a venomous animal. In this sense 
 it is chiefly used by writers. Theriac and The- 
 riacal have been used adjectively for medicinaL 
 
 Theriaca Androm'achi, Venice Treacle, is an 
 ancient ulexipharmic electuary; consisting of a 
 farrago of 61 different ingredients, which pos- 
 sessed the most opposite properties. It was in- 
 vented by Andromachus of Crete, and prepared 
 by order of Nero. It has received various modi- 
 fications; and, to the discredit of the EacultS de 
 Medecine of Paris, long held its place in their 
 Codex, with even an additional number of ingre- 
 dients. The Electua'rium Opia'tum polyphar'- 
 macum of the Codex has contained acid ingre- 
 dients, 6; astringent, 6; hitter, 22; indioenous 
 aromatics, 10 ; vmbelliferous aromatics, 7 ; balsams 
 and resinous substances, 8 ; fetid ingredients, 6; 
 narcotics, 1; earthy substances, 1 ; gummy or a?ny- 
 laceous, 4; saccharine, 3; total, 72! and one of 
 these the flesh of the viper ! A little more than 
 a grain of opium is contained in each drachm of 
 the compound. 
 
 Theriaca Artictjlorum, Colchicum — t. Celes- 
 tis, Tinctura opii — t. Communis, Melasses — t. 
 Edinensis, Confectio opii. 
 
 Theriaca Germano'rum. An extract or rob, 
 prepared from juniper berries. Used as a sto- 
 machic. 
 
 Theriaca Londinen'sis, Cataplasma Cymi'ni. 
 A cataplasm of cumin seed, bay berries, german- 
 
THERIAQUE 
 
 909 
 
 THORACIC 
 
 rfer, snakeroof, cloves, honey, and sometimes opium, 
 or syrup of poppies. 
 
 Theriaca PtusTicOROM, Allium. 
 THERIAQUE, Theriaca. 
 
 THERIAKI. In Turkey, o^iHm-ea^ers, or they 
 who indulge largely iu the use of opium, are so 
 called. 
 
 THERIATRICA, Veterinary art. 
 THERIODES, Ferine. 
 
 THERIO'MA, Tkerion, from 5np, 'a venomous 
 animal.' Any extremely malignant ulcer. Some- 
 times confined to ulcers of the lungs. 
 THERION, Therioma. 
 THERIOTOMY, Zootomy. 
 THERMA, Heat — t. Emphytum, Animal heat. 
 THERMS, ^epfiai, Ther'mata. Warm baths 
 or springs. See Waters (mineral.) 
 
 Therm.b Fabari.e, Pfeffers, Mineral Waters 
 of — t. Piperinse, PfefiFers, Mineral Waters of — t. 
 Plumbai'ifB, Plombieres, Mineral Waters of. 
 
 THERMAL, Therma'lis ; from V/"7, 'heat,' 
 Scfipios, ' hot.' Relating or appertain nu- to heat. 
 Hot, warm. As 'a thermal mineral water.' 
 THERMANTICA, Calefacients. 
 THERMASMA, Fomentation. 
 THERMATA, Therm*. 
 THERMOMETER, see Heat. 
 THERMUiM EMPHYTUM, Animal heat, Bio- 
 Ijchnium. 
 
 THESIS, deatg, from TiQrmi, <to put.' 'A posi- 
 tion or proposition.' Eispnta'tio inangura'lis, In- 
 aug'ural Dissertation. The name usually given 
 to the essay composed by a candidate for gradua- 
 tion in medicine, which he is at times required to 
 defend publicly. Often, however, it is a mere form, 
 giving useless labour and trouble to the student, 
 inasmuch as it is executed as a task, and never 
 afterwards regarded by the preceptor or by others. 
 Sandifort, Haller, Smellie, and Stoll, have pub- 
 lished collections of these. 
 
 Also, a suffix denoting 'arrangement;' hence 
 Diathesis. 
 
 THEVE'TIA A'HOUAI.^AoHOi. The kernels 
 of the nut of this Brazilian tree are said to be a 
 violent poison. At the Antilles, its nuts are 
 called Noix de Serpent; and they are used against 
 the bites of serpents. 
 THEW, Tendon. 
 THEY, Thigh. 
 THICK-LISTED, Pursy. 
 
 THIGH, Sax. Seoh, Femur, Femen, Crtis, 3fe- 
 rus, Ife'rium, (Sc.) The, They, (F.) Cuisse. (Of 
 old, Femur meant the thigh generally, and espe- 
 cially the outer part: — Femen, the inner). The 
 part of the lower limb which extends from the 
 pelvis to the leg. The thigh is larger at its supe- 
 rior than inferior part, and has the form of an 
 inverted and truncated cone, slightly depressed 
 from within outwards. Above, it is bounded, cni- 
 teriorly, by the groin ; externally, by the hip ; 
 behind, by the fold of the nates ; and icithin, by 
 the perineal region. Below, it is bounded, ante- 
 riorly, by the prominence of the knee : posteriorly, 
 ■ by the ham. It is formed of a considerable num- 
 ber of muscles, blood-vessels, lymphatics, nerves, 
 &c. ; and is covered by a strong aponeurosis. 
 
 THIGHBONE, Femur— t. Neck of the, CoUum 
 femoris. 
 
 THIMBLE WEED, Rudbeckia laciniata. 
 THION. Sulphur. 
 
 THIRST, Sax. Sypr^- (!>•) Dorst, Sitis, 
 Dipsa, Potio'nis deside' rium., (F.) Soif. A simple 
 desire or an absolute want for liquids. Physio- 
 logists are not entirely agreed regarding the seat 
 of thirst; some place it in the fauces; others in 
 the stomach. Its immediate cause is not known. 
 It has been attributed to a dry condition of the 
 nervous papillae of the pharynx, produced by 
 suppression of the salivary and mucous secre- 
 
 tions. This is probably true; but, again, it is 
 owing to the wants of the system, — a supply of 
 fluid being required to compensate the numerous 
 losses that are constantly taking place. Thirst 
 is an internal sensation, — an instinctive want — 
 arising from organization, and inexplicable. It 
 is an urgent symptom in many diseases, particu- 
 larly in those of vascular excitement. 
 
 Thirst, Excessive, Polydipsia — ^ t. Morbid, 
 Dipsosis. 
 
 THIRSTY, Dipsodes. 
 
 THISTLE, BLESSED, Centaurea benedicta 
 — t. Cotton, Onopordium acanthium — t. Globe, 
 Echinops — t. Holy, Centaurea benedicta — t. La- 
 dies', Carduus Marianus — t. Milk, common, Car- 
 duus Marianus — t. Pine, Atractj'lus gummifera 
 — t. Sow, Sonchus oleraceus — t. Star, Centaurea 
 calcitrapa— t. Yellow, Argemone Mexioana. 
 THLADIAS, Eunuch. 
 THLASIAS, Eunuch. 
 
 THLASIS, Contusion — t.Depressio, Depression. 
 THLASMA, Contusion — t. Concussio, Concus- 
 sion — t. Stremma, Sprain. 
 
 THLASPI, Pennycress. Ord. Crucifera;. ^€3-. 
 Syst. Tetradynamia Siliculosa. Two species of 
 thlaspi are directed, in some pharmacopoeias, 
 for medical use : — Thlaspi arven'se or Treacle 
 mustard, and Thlaspi campes'tre seu hirsu'tum 
 seu vulga'tius, Lepid'ium campes'tre, Lep'ia seu 
 Ibe'ria campes'tris, Mith'ridate mustard. The 
 pharmaceutical properties of both kinds resemble 
 those of common mustard. 
 
 Thlaspi Bursa, Th. bursa' turn, Thlaspii seu 
 Capjsell'a seu Ibe'ris seu Nastur'tinm seu Rod- 
 schied'ia bursa pasto'ris, Bursa pasto'ris, Shep>- 
 herd's purse, Cocowort, St. James's wort, Poor 
 man's Parmacity, (F.) Fleur de St. Jacqves, Bourse 
 d berger ou d pasteur. Tabouret. A common Eu- 
 ropean plant, introduced into this country. It 
 is slightly astringent, but is little used. 
 
 Thlaspi Bursatum, Thlaspi bursa — th. Na- 
 sturtium, Lepidium sativum — th. Sativum, Lepi- 
 diura sativum. 
 
 THLIBIAS. Eunuch. 
 THLIPSENCEPHALIA, Derencephalia. 
 THLIPSENCEPH'ALUS, from OXidig, ' com- 
 pression,' and cyKC((>a\os, 'the encephalon.' A 
 monster in whom the skull is open, not merely in 
 the frontal and parietal, but also in the occipital 
 regions — a distinct fontanelle not existing. 
 
 THLIP'SIS, ^\t4,,s, Compres'sio. Compres- 
 sion, and especially constriction of vessels by an 
 external cause. Oppression. 
 
 THNESCOLOGIA, Thanatology. 
 THOLUS, Achicolum — t. Diocleus, Seapha. 
 THOMPSO'NIAN. One who practises or be- 
 lieves in Thompsonianism. 
 
 THOMPSO'NIANISM, Thomp'sonism.. A fan- 
 ciful doctrine, of which a person of the name of 
 Thompson, of New York, is the founder. One 
 of its leading principles is, that the human body 
 is composed of four elements [?], earth, air, fire 
 and water; and one of its apothegms, — that 
 metals and minerals are in the earth, and, being 
 extracted from the depths of the earth, have a 
 tendency to carry all down into the earth who 
 use them; that the tendency of all vegetables is 
 to spring up from the earth, and therefore to up- 
 hold mankind from the grave. 
 
 The Thompsonians are Botanical Doctors. See 
 Herb doctor. 
 
 THORACENTESIS, Thoracocentesis. 
 THORACHIQUE, Thoracic. 
 THORACIC, 'rhorne''icus,{TOm. tJwrax, thora- 
 cis, 'the chest;' (F.) Thoracique ou Thorachique. 
 That which relates or belongs to the chest; as 
 Thoracic vis'cera, &c. 
 
 Thoracic Inferior Artert, Arte'ria Tho- 
 rac"ica Exter'na Jnfe'rior seu Longa seu mam- 
 
THORACICA 
 
 910 
 
 THROMBUS 
 
 mrt'ria externa seu Thoracica inferior, (F.) Deiix- 
 ieme des Tkoraciques (Ch.), arises from the axil- 
 lary, a little below the preceding, and descends 
 vertically over the latter part of the thorax, and 
 the serratus major anticus. It afterwards bends 
 inwards; becomes subcutaneous, and dirides into 
 several branches, which embrace the breast. It 
 gives numerous ramifications to the pectoralis 
 major, serratus anticus, intercostals, ganglions of 
 the axilla, mamma, Ac. 
 
 Thoracic Superior Artery, Arfe'rta Thora- 
 cica Exter'na Siq^erior, (¥.)Artere thoracique su- 
 ■perieure, Premiere des Thoraciqnes (Ch.), arises 
 from the axillary artery or from the acromial ; 
 and descends forwards between the Pectoralis 
 major and P. minor, to which it distributes itself 
 by a great number of branches. In some sub- 
 jects, there are two or three Arteries tlioraciccB 
 externcB superiores. 
 
 Thoracic Duct, Ductus thorac"icus seu tJiora- 
 cicus poste'rior seu vertehra'lis seu chy'lifer seu 
 chyli seu lac'tens seu ro'ri/er seu Pecqueti seu 
 Pecquetia'nus, Vena alba thora'cis, Alvevs ompul- 
 les'cens, Distrihuto' ria lactea thoracica, Galax'ia, 
 Duet of Pecquet, Alimen'tary Duct, (F.) Canal ou 
 Conduit Thoracique, is the duct in which the 
 lymphatics of the lower limbs, abdomen, left su- 
 perior extremity, left side of the head, neck, and 
 thorax terminate. It begins at the recepjlaculuni 
 chyli, which is formed by the union of five or six 
 large lymphatic trunks, — themselves formed from 
 the union of all the absorbent plexuses of the 
 abdomen. The duct ascends into the chest 
 through the pillars of the diaphragm, and by the 
 side of the aorta and vena azygos. It contracts 
 in dimension, as far as the 6th dorsal vertebra, 
 when it inclines towards the left hand; ascends 
 behind the arch of the aorta; passes behind the 
 left internal jugular vein, and opens at the poste- 
 rior part of the subclavian vein of the same side. 
 Its embouchure is furnished with two valves, 
 which prevent the blood from passing from the 
 vein into the duct. 
 
 Thoracic Limbs are the upper limbs ; so called 
 because they are articulated with the lateral and 
 upper parts of the chest. 
 
 Thoracic, Long or Inferior, Mammary infe- 
 rior external artery. 
 
 Thoracic Nerves. The short or anterior tho- 
 racic nerves are two in number. They arise from 
 the brachial plexus, and divide into an anterior 
 and a posterior branch : — the former distributed 
 to the pectoralis major muscle ; the latter uniting 
 with a branch of the other to form a loop, from 
 ■which numerous branches are given off to the 
 pectoralis major and p. minor. 
 
 The long thorac" ic nerve, Poste'rior thorac"ic, 
 External res' piratory of Sir Charles Bell, is a long 
 branch, which arises from the fourth and fifth cer- 
 vical nerves, immediately after their escape from 
 the intervertebral foramina, and passes downwards 
 to be distributed upon the serratus magnus muscle. 
 Thoracic PtEGioNS are the different regions of 
 the chest. Thus we say, anterior, lateral, and 
 superior thoracic, <fec. 
 
 THORACICA, Pectorals. 
 THORACICS, FIRST OF THE, Mammary 
 superior external arterj', 
 THORACIQUE, Thoracic. 
 THORACOCEXTE'SIS, Thoracente'sis, Tho- 
 racot'omy, from &wpn^, S^oipuKo;, 'the chest,' and 
 Kfvri;(ri?, ' puncture.' Paracente'sis thora'cis. Per- 
 foration of the chest to evacuate contained fluid 
 — as in empyema. 
 
 THORACOCYSTIS, Thoracystis. 
 THORACODIDYMUS, from Stopa^, ^wpaKo^, 
 'the chest,' and SiOv/Jio;, 'a twin.' A monstrosity 
 in which twins are united by the thorax. — Gurlt. 
 THORACODYNE, Pleurodynia, 
 
 THOBACO-FACTAL, Platysma myoides. 
 THOR'ACO-GASTRODID'YMUS, Did'ymm 
 sym'phyo-thoracogas'trius, Jiiphodid'ymua : from 
 &ijipa^, -Sdipa/cos, ' the chest,' yucrrrip, ' the belly,' 
 and SiSv/iog, 'a twin.' A monstrosity in which 
 twins are united by the chest and abdomen. — 
 Gurlt. 
 
 THORACO-MAXILLO-FACIAL, Platysma 
 myoides. 
 
 THORACOMETER, Stethometer. 
 THORACOPATHI'A, from ^wpa^, SopaKo;. 'the 
 chest,' and nadog, 'disease.' Disease or suffering 
 in the chest. 
 
 THORACOSCOPTA, see Auscultation. 
 THORACOSCOPIUM, Stethoscope. • 
 THORACOTOMY, Thoracocentesis. 
 THORACYST'IS, Thoracocyst'is, from 6wpa^, 
 QiopaKog, 'the chest,' and kvcth, 'a bladder.' 
 Encysted dropsy of the chest. Hydatids in the 
 chest. 
 
 THORAX, Oojpa^, 'a cuirass, a coat of mail.' 
 Cith'arus, Venter me'dius. Pectus, Stethus, Scutum 
 pec'toris, Bir, Chelys, Cassa, the Breast, the Chest, 
 (F.) Poitrine. One of the splanchnic cavities, 
 Cavum thora'cis, bounded, posteriorly by the ver- 
 tebras ; laterally, by the ribs and scapula: ante- 
 riorly, by the sternum; above, by the clavicle: 
 and below, by the diaphragm. It is destined to 
 lodge and protect the chief organs of respiration 
 and circulation — the lungs and the heart. 
 Thorax, Corset. 
 THORE, Sperm. 
 
 THORN APPLE, Datura stramonium— t. Red, 
 Datura Sanguinea. 
 
 THOROUGHSTEM, Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
 THOROUGHWAX, Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
 THOROUGHWORT, Eupatorium perfoliatum- 
 THOROW-WAX, Bupleurum rotundifolium. 
 THORULUS STRAMINEUS, Fanon. 
 THR^NINE, see Tears. 
 
 THREADWORM, Dracun cuius— t. Long, Tri- 
 chocephalus. 
 
 THREPSIS, Assimilation, Nutrition. 
 THREPSOL'OGY, Threpsolog"ia, from ^pt-^ig, 
 'nutrition,' and \oyoi, 'a description.' The doc- 
 trine of, or a treatise on, the nutrition of organ- 
 ized bodies. 
 
 THREPTICE. Assimilation. 
 THRIDACE, Lactucarium. 
 THRIDAX, Lettuce. 
 
 THRIFT, LAVENDER, Statice limonium— L 
 American, Statice Caroliniana — t. Sea-side, Sta- 
 tice Caroliniana. 
 
 THRIX, Capillus, Hair. 
 
 THROAT, Spore, Bpo-a, Jugulum, Interstit"- 
 ium Jugula're, Guttur, Sphage, (Prov.) Choices, 
 Droat, Hause, Hose, (Sc.) Halse, Hawse, Witter. 
 The anterior part of the neck. {F.) Gorge. Also, 
 the pharynx. 
 
 THROATROOT, Geum Virginianum, Liatris. 
 THROATWORT, Campanula trachelium. 
 THROBBING, Pulsati'vus, Sphyg'micus, 
 Sphygmo'des, Pul'satory, (F.) Pulsatif. A throb- 
 bing pain, (Prov.) Stang, (F.) Douleur pulsative, 
 is a kind of pain which is, or seems to be caused 
 or augmented by the pulsation of arteries. 
 THROE, Agony, Pains, labour. 
 THROMBI LACTEI, Infarctus mammse 
 lacteus. 
 
 THROMBOCYS'TIS, from Spo,j0og, 'a clot,' 
 and Kvaris, 'a cyst.' The cyst occasionally sur- 
 rounding a clot of blood — as in encephalic he- 
 morrhao;e. 
 
 THROMBOSIS, Coagulation, Thrombus. 
 THROMBUS, ^/io;//3of, 'a clot,' from ^pofi^ou, 
 'to coagulate;' Thrombo'sis, Trumbus, Hcemato'- 
 ma. A small, hard, round, bluish tumour ; formed 
 by an effusion of blood in the vicinity of a vein 
 which has been opened in the operation of blood- 
 
THROPILL 
 
 911 
 
 THYREO-ARTTENOID 
 
 letting. The thrombus is most commonly owing 
 to the opening in the vein and that of the skin 
 not corresponding; to excessive smallness of the 
 cutaneous orifice ; or to small, fatty granules, 
 •which prevent the discharge of the blood. Com- 
 presses, dipped in salt water; camphorated spirit, 
 and slight compression, usually disperse it. See 
 Blood. 
 
 Thrombus Nkonatorum, Cephalsematoma. 
 
 THROPILL, Trachea. 
 
 THROPPLE, Trachea. 
 
 THROTTLE, Trachea. 
 
 THROW, Agony, Pains, labour. 
 
 THROWORT, Leonurus cardiaca. 
 
 THRUSH, Aphthse — t. Milk, Aphthge — • t. 
 White, Aphtha3. 
 
 THRUSTY, Dipsodes. 
 
 THRYPSIS, Comminution. 
 
 THUJA OCCIDENTALIS, Thuya occiden- 
 talis. 
 
 THUMB, Pollex. 
 
 THUREA, Juniperus lyeia — t. Virga, Junipe- 
 rus lycia. 
 
 THUS, see Pinus abies — t. Eoemininum, see 
 Pinus abies — t. Judaeorum, Croton casearilla, 
 Styrax, Thymiama — t. Libanotos, Juniperus 
 lycia — t. Masculum, Juniperus lycia — t. Verum, 
 Juniperus lycia — t. Vulgare, see Pinus abies. 
 
 THUYA APHYLLA, see Sandarac. 
 
 Thu'ya seu Thuja Occidenta'lis, T. ohtu'aa, 
 Ciipres'sns Arbor Vittp, American Arbor VifcB, 
 Tree of Life. Ord. Coniferse. The leaves and 
 wood were formerly in high repute as resolvents, 
 sudorifics, and expectorants, and were given in 
 phthisical affections, intermittent fevers, and 
 dropsies. The expressed juice has been applied 
 to condylomata. The arrangement of the medul- 
 lary matter of the cerebellum, termed Arbor 
 VitcB, is also called Thuya. 
 
 THYLACliTIS, Gutta rosea. 
 
 THYIL, Thymus. 
 
 THYMA, Thymion. 
 
 THYMALOS, Taxus baccata. 
 
 THYMASTHMA, Asthma thymicum. 
 
 THYMBRA, Satureia hortensis — t. Hispanica, 
 Thymus mastichina. 
 
 THYME, CAT, Teucrium Marum— t. Common, 
 Thymus — t. Lemon, see Thymus serpyllum — t. 
 Mother of. Thymus serpyllum — t. Virginia, 
 Pycnanthemum linifolium — t. Wild, Thymus 
 serpyllum. 
 
 THYMEL^A, Daphne gnidium— t. Laureola, 
 Daphne laureola — t. Mezereum, Daphne meze- 
 reum — t. Monspeliaca, Daphne gnidium. 
 
 THYMELCO'SIS, from -au^oj, 'thymus,' and 
 'sXffos, ' an ulcer.' Ulceration of the thymus 
 gland. 
 
 THYMIA'MA, ^vuiajia, {^vm, '1 burn per- 
 fumes') ' a perfume ;' Thus JudcBo'rum, Munkioood, 
 (F.) Narcaphte. A bark from Syria, Cilicia, <fec., 
 supposed to be the product of the liquid storax 
 tree. It has an agreeable, balsamic smell ; ap- 
 proaching that of liquid storax. 
 
 Thymiama, Fumigation, Suffimentum. 
 
 THYMIASIOTECHNIA, Thymiatechny. 
 
 THYMIASIS, Fumigation. 
 
 THYMIATECH'NY, Thymiatech'nia, Thymi- 
 asiotech'nia, Cura fumiffato'ria, from Qv/xiaiia, 'an 
 odour,' and r^xyri, ' art.' The art of employing 
 perfumes in medicine. 
 
 THYMIC, Thy'micus, (F.) Thymique. Having 
 relation to the thymus, as "thymic asthma." 
 
 THYM'ION, fhyma, Thymus, Porrum, Porrus, 
 Vei-ru'ca rhagoi'dea Verru'ca minor, from dvfios, 
 * thyme.' A small wart on the skin, resembling 
 a bud of thyme. 
 
 THYMIOSIS, Framboesia — t. Indica, Fram- 
 boesia. 
 
 THYMIQUE, Thymic. 
 
 THYMI'TES. Wine impregnated with thyme 
 
 THYMI'TIS, from $>v,i6i, 'thymus,' and itis, 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 thvmus gland. 
 
 THYMOPATHI'A, Psychopathi'a, from ^d/^oj, 
 'the mind,' and irados, 'affection.' A disease of 
 the mind. 
 
 THYMOS, Rage._ 
 
 THYMOXAL'ME, from &vf>o;, 'thyme,' o^vg, 
 'acid,' and 'aAs, 'salt.' A compound of thyme, 
 vinegar and salt. 
 
 THYMUS, 5uf.o5, Gland'ula Thymus, Oorpna 
 Thymia'mum seu Thy'micum, Glan'dium, Thy- 
 mus gland. Corpus incomprehensib'ile of Jos. 
 Frank. Sweetbread of the butcher. An organ, 
 concerned in hsematosis, which is seated in 
 the upper separation of the anterior medias- 
 tinum. The thymus has the appearance of a 
 glandular body. It is oblong; bilobate ; soft, 
 and very variable in size and colour. In the 
 fcetus, it is very large, and contains in a central 
 cavity — reservoir of the thymus — a milky fluid; 
 but it gradually disappears, and in old age is 
 scarcely discernible. The arteries, called thymic, 
 are from the inferior thyroid, internal mammary, 
 bronchial, and mediastinal. The veins have the 
 same arrangement. It receives some nervous 
 filaments from the pneumogastric nerves, the 
 phrenic, and the inferior cervical ganglia. 
 
 Thymus, T. vulga'ris seu tenuifo'lius seu hor- 
 ten'sis, Common Thyme, (F.) Thym, T. ordinaire, 
 Farigoule. Ord. Labiatae. Sex. Syst. Didyna- 
 mia Gymnospermia. This herb has an agreeable, 
 aromatic smell; and a warm, pungent taste. It 
 is reputed to be resolvent, emmenagogue, tonic, 
 and stomachic. It is not much used. 
 
 Thymus, Satureia capitata, Thymion — t. Cala- 
 minthus, Melissa calamintha — t. Capitatus, Satu- 
 reia capitata — t. Ciliatus, T. mastichina — t. Cre- 
 ticus, Satureia capitata — t. Hortensis, Thymus — 
 t. Includens, T. serpyllum. 
 
 Thymus Mastichi'na, T. cilia'tua, Marum 
 vulga're, Samp'suchus, Clinopo'dia, Masiieh'ina 
 Gallo'rum, Thymbra Hispan'ica, Jaca Tn'dica, 
 Common herb Mastich. A low, shrubby, Spanish 
 plant, used as an errhine. It has a smell like 
 mastich. Its virtues resemble those of the 3farurii 
 Syriacum ; but it is said to be less powerful. 
 
 Thymus Multiflorus, Melissa nepeta — t. Ne- 
 peta, Melissa nepeta. 
 
 Thymus, Resertoir op the, see Thymus. 
 
 Thymus Serpyl'lum, T. inclu'dens, Her'pyloe, 
 Herpyl'los, Serpyl'lum, Serpul'lum, Serpil'lum, 
 Gila'rum, Serpyl'lum vulga're minus, 3/ofher of 
 Thyme, Wild thyme, (F.) Serpolet. This plant 
 has the same sensible properties as the garden 
 thyme; but has a milder and rather more grate- 
 ful flavour. Lemon Thyme, the Serpyllum citra'- 
 tum, is merely a variety of the Thymus Serp>yUum. 
 It is very pungent; and has a particularly grate- 
 ful odour, approaching that of lemons. 
 
 Thymus Sylvaticus, Clinopodium vulgare — 
 th. Sylvestris, Satureia capitata — th. Tenuifo- 
 lius, Thymus — th. Vulgaris, Thymus. 
 
 THYRA, Qvpa, 'a gate, folding-door.' In com- 
 position, Thyreo and Thyro, ^vptog, 'a shield re- 
 sembling a folding-door,' mean the thyroid car- 
 tilage. 
 
 THYREMPHRAXIS, Bronchocele. 
 
 THYPlEO, Thyro, in composition, relating to 
 the thyroid cartilage or gland. 
 
 THYREOADENITIS, Thyreoitis. 
 
 THYREO - ARYT ' ENOID, Thyro- arytenoi- 
 deus or Thyro-arytenu'ides. That which relates 
 to the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages. 
 
 Thyreo-aRYTENOID Lig'aments, Inferior Liga- 
 ments of the Larynx, Lips of the Glottis, Vocal 
 Cords, are two ligaments about two lines broad, 
 formed of elastic and parallel fibres, which are 
 
THYREO-EPIGLOTTIC 
 
 912 
 
 TIBIA 
 
 contained in a duplicature of the mucous mem- 
 brane of the larynx. They extend horizontally 
 from the anterior projection at the base of each 
 arytenoid cartilage to the middle of the angle of 
 union of the thj'roid cartilage. They are the 
 essential organs of voice. See Glottis. 
 
 THyREO-ARTTENOID MuSCLES, ThYRBO-ARY- 
 
 TENOiDEi, are thin muscles, which arise from the 
 middle and inferior part of the posterior surface 
 of the thyroid cartilage; whence they proceed 
 backwards and outwards, to be inserted into the 
 outer part of the base of the arytenoid cartilage. 
 They give the necessary tension to the ligaments 
 of the glottis, in the production of the voice. 
 Santorini has given the name Thyreo-aryteno'i- 
 dens ohliquus to a portion of the aryteno'ideus 
 muscle. 
 
 THYREO - EPIGLOT ' TIC, Thyreo-epiglotti- 
 deus, Thyrepiglntt'icus. Sabatier and Santorini 
 have given this name to the outer portion of the 
 thyro-arytenoid muscle; because it passes from 
 the thyroid cartilage to the anterior part of the 
 epiglottis. 
 
 THYREO -HYOID, Tlujro-hyoideus, Thyro- 
 liyo'ides, Uyodeothyreo' des. That which belongs 
 or relates to the thyroid cartilage and os hyoides. 
 
 Thyreo-hyoid or Hyo-thyroid Membrane 
 is a very broad, yellowish, fibrous membrane, 
 thicker at the middle than at the extremities, 
 which is attached, above, to the posterior surface 
 of the body and great cornu of the os hyoides ; 
 and, below, to the whole superior edge of the 
 thyroid cartilage. 
 
 THYREO -HYOiDEUS or Hyo-tliyreoidens 
 Muscle is situate at the anterior and superior 
 part of the neck. It is attached to the oblique 
 line on the anterior surface of the thyroid car- 
 tilage; to the inferior edge of the body of the os 
 hyoides, and to the anterior portion of its great 
 cornu. It approximates the thyroid cartilage 
 and 03 hyoides to each other, by raising the car- 
 tilage, and with it the whole larynx : or, it can 
 deoress the os hyoides. 
 
 TH YREO - PHARYNGEUS, Thyro - Pharyn- 
 geus. 
 
 THYREOID, Thyroid. 
 
 THYREO'iDIEN, Thyroideal. 
 
 THYREOIDEUS, Thyroideal. 
 
 THYREOI'TIS, Thyreoadeni'tis, Thyreoidi'th, 
 Angi.'na tkyreo'idea, from 5«p£of, ' a shield,' and 
 ?7i"s, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 thyroid gland. 
 
 THYREONCTJS, Bronchocele. 
 
 THYREOPHRAXIA, Bronchocele. 
 
 THYREPIGLOTTICUS, Thyreoepiglottic. 
 
 THYRO, see Thyreo. 
 
 THYRO-ARYTENOID, Thyreo-arytenoid. 
 
 THYRO-CRICO-PHARYNGEUS, see Crico- 
 pharyngeal. 
 
 THYRO-HYOIDES, Thyreo-hyoid. 
 
 THYRO-PHARYNGEUS, Thyreo-phar7jngem. 
 Valsalva, Morgagni, Santorini, and Winslow have 
 given this name to the portion of the constrictor 
 pharyngis inferior, which is attached to the thy- 
 roid cartilages. 
 
 Thyro-Pharyngbus, Constrictor pharyngis, 
 see Crieo-pharyngeal. 
 
 THYRO-PHARYNGO-STAPHYLINUS, Pa- 
 lato-pharyngeus. 
 
 THYROCELE, Bronchocele. 
 
 THYROID, Thy'reoid, ThyroVdes, from ^vpa, 
 'a gate or folding-door,' or fromSu^jf^r, 'a shield,' 
 and si(5os, 'form.' That which has the shape of a 
 folding-door. 
 
 Thyroid Car'tilage, Cartila'go Scntifor'mis 
 seu Scuta'Us sen Clypea'Us, Cooperto'riitm, C. Pel- 
 ta'lis seu pelta'tus, Scutnm, Ada'mi Morsus Os, 
 is the largest of the cartilages of the larynx, at 
 
 the anterior part of which it is stituate. It is 
 larger transversely than vertically; broader above 
 than below ; and seems formed by the junction 
 of the two quadrilateral plates, which produce, 
 by their union, an angle that projects forwards. 
 Its two posterior margins terminate above, and 
 on each side, by an ensiform prolongation, called 
 the greater cornu of the thyroid cartilnge, cornu 
 supe'rins seu longum ; and, below, by a less 
 prominent eminence, the lesser cornu, Cornu hi- 
 fe'rius seu hreve, which is articulated with the 
 cricoid. 
 
 Thyroid Gland, Corpus Thyreo'ideum , Glnn'- 
 dula Thyreotdea, (F.) Gland ou Corps Thyro'ide, 
 is an organ, the uses of which are not known. It 
 covers the anterior and inferior part of the larynx, 
 as well as the first rings of the trachea, and seems 
 to be composed of two lobes, flattened from before 
 to behind, which are united by a transverse pro- 
 longation of the same nature as themselves, called 
 the Isthmus. The tissue of the thyroid is soft, 
 spongy, and of a brownish colour ; but its inti- 
 mate structure is unknown. It is formed of 
 several distinct lobules; collected in lobes of 
 greater or less size. These are composed of 
 granulations, some of which contain a yellowish 
 or milky fluid. The thyroid gland receives four 
 large arteries, called Thyrouleal, as well as cor- 
 responding veins. Its nerves proceed from the 
 pneumogastric, and from the cervical ganglia. 
 No excretory duct has ever been found in it. Its 
 uses are not known. 
 
 THYROIDEAL, TJiyrotdeus, Thyreoidens,{Y.) 
 Thyro'idien, Thyreo'idien. That which concerns 
 the thyroid gland or cartilage. 
 
 Thyroideal Arteries are two on each side. 
 ]. The superior Thryoideal, superior laryngeal, 
 superior guttural, arises from the anterior part of 
 the external carotid, and proceeds to the upper 
 part of the thyroid gland, after having given off 
 a laryngeal branch and a crico-ihyroid. 2. The 
 inferior Thyroideal, infe'rior gut'tural, much 
 larger than the last, arises from the upper part 
 of the subclavian. It passes, in a serpentine 
 manner, to the inferior part of the thyroid gland, 
 to which it is distributed, after having given a 
 number of branches to the neighbouring parts, 
 among which is the cervicalis ascendens. 
 
 Thyroideal Veins are, 1. A superior thyroid- 
 eal, and several middle thyroideal, which open 
 into the internal jugular vein. 2. An inferior 
 thyroideal, much larger than the preceding, whose 
 branches form — by anastomosing with those of 
 the opposite side, in front of the trachea — a 
 very remarkable venous plexus, which J. Cloquet 
 calls the infra-thyroideal plexus. The inferior 
 thyroideal veins open, — the left into the corre- 
 sponding subclavian; — the right, into the vena 
 cava superior. 
 
 THYRO'I'DTEN, Thyroideal. 
 
 THYROPHRAXIA, Bronchocele. 
 
 THYRSUS, Penis. 
 
 THYSSELINFM, Peucedanum palustre. 
 
 THYSSELIUM PALUSTRE, Peucedanum 
 palustre. 
 
 TIBT- PER ONEO - TARSIEN, Peronseus 
 longus. 
 
 TIB'IA. A Latin word, which signifies a flute 
 or pipe. Cneme, Procne'me, Procne'mium, Fo'cile 
 majus, Arun'do seu Canna major, Canna vinjor 
 seu domes'tien cruris, Shinbone. The largest bone 
 of the leg. A long, irregular, and triangular bone, 
 situate on the inner side of the fibula. It has, 1. 
 A Superior or femoral extremity, which is very 
 large, rounded, and has two eminences at the 
 sides, called Tuberos' ities of the Tibia, or Tibial 
 tuberosities. The outermost is articulated with 
 the fibula. On its head are two articular, oval, 
 concave surfaces, separated by a process, called 
 
TIBI^US 
 
 913 
 
 TILIA 
 
 Spine of the tibia, which are articulated with the 
 condyles of the Os femoris. 2. An inferior or 
 tarsal extremity, having an articular surface be- 
 neath, which joins the astragalus; within, a tri- 
 angular eminence, which forms the malleolus in- 
 ternvis; and, on the outside, a triangular surface, 
 which articulates with the fibula. 3. The body 
 or shaft of the tibia has three faces, separated by 
 three angles, the anterior of which is the most 
 prominent, and is called the spine or crista of tJie 
 tihia or tibial spline. It is the s^jw. The tibia is 
 articulated with the femur, fibula, and astragalus. 
 It is developed by three points of ossification, ! 
 one for the body, and one for each extremity. 
 Tibia Minima, Fibula. 
 TIBIiEUS, Tibial. 
 
 TlB'lAJj,Tibia'lis, Tibi(B'u8,(F.) Tibial, Jam- 
 bier. From tibia. That which relates to the 
 tibia or to the leg. 
 
 Tibial Aponeueo'sis, (F.) AjMiievrose Jarti- 
 biere, surrounds the muscles of the leg. It is con- 
 tinuous, above, with the femoral aponeurosis, and 
 arises, also, from the head of the fibula, and from 
 several fibrous expansions which detach them- 
 selves from the tendons of the triceps, sartorius, 
 gracilis, and semitendinosus. Thence it descends 
 around the leg, attaching itself to the whole ex- 
 tent of the anterior and inner edges of the tibia. 
 It sends, below, an expansion, which passes be- 
 fore the tendo Achillis, and is continuous with 
 the anterior annular ligament of the tarsus. It 
 is attached, also, to the sheath of the peronei 
 muscles. 
 
 Tibial Abteeies are two in number. 1. Ar- 
 te'ria Tihia'lis Anti'ca, which arises from the pop- 
 liteal, before its bifurcation : passes immediately 
 through the opening in the upper part of the in- 
 terosseous ligament, and reaches the anterior part 
 of the leg ; when it turns downwards, and de- 
 scends obliquely, between the extensor communis 
 digitorum pedis and the tibialis anticus, anterior 
 to the interosseous ligament; glides under the 
 anterior annular ligament of the tarsus, and takes 
 the ■atiVHQ Dorsalis tarsi. Amongst the numerous 
 branches, given off by the tibialis antica, may be 
 distinguished — the Tibialis recur' rens, A. mal- 
 leola'ris interna, and A. malleolaris externa. 2. 
 A. Tibialis 2}osti'ca, arises from the bifurcation 
 of the popliteal artery ; and, slightly tortuous, 
 descends between the two planes of the posterior 
 muscles of the leg ; until it arrives under the 
 arch of the calcaneum, where it divides into two 
 branches — the Plantar arteries. 
 TIBIAD, see Tibial aspect. 
 TIB'IAL ASPECT. An aspect towards the 
 side on which the tibia is situated. —Barclay. 
 Tibiad is used adverbially by the same writer, to 
 signify, ' towards the tibial aspect.' 
 
 Tibial Neeves are two in number. 1. The 
 anterior tibial nerve, Pretibio-susplantaire, (Ch.) 
 One of the two branches in which the external 
 popliteal terminates. It accompanies the arteria 
 tibialis antica. 2. The posterior tibial nerve, 
 Branche tibiale du nerf femoro-po'plitee (Ch.), is 
 the internal popliteal. 
 
 Tibial Veins, Anterior and Posteetoe, have 
 the same arrangement as the arteries which they 
 accompany. 
 
 TIBIA'LIS ANTI'CUS, Cate'ncB vms'cvlus, 
 (F.) Tibio-sus- metatarsien, Tibio-susiarsien (Ch.), 
 Jambier anterieiir. A muscle situate at the an- 
 terior part of the leg. Above, it has the shape 
 of a triangular prism ; below, it is slender and 
 tendinous. It is attached, above, to the anterior 
 part of the external tuberosity of the tibia ; to 
 the superior half of the outer surface of that 
 bone; and to the anterior surface of the interos- 
 seous ligament. Below, its tendon terminates at 
 the base of the first cuneiform bone, and at the 
 58 
 
 posterior extremity of the first metatarsal bone. 
 This muscle bends the foot on the leg, and directs 
 its point inwards, at the same time that it raises 
 its inner edge. It can, also, bend the leg on the 
 foot, and prevent it from falling backwards in 
 standing. 
 
 Tibialis Gracilis, Plantar muscle. 
 Tibialis Posti'ctjs, (F.) Tibio-tarsien, Tibio- 
 sons-tarsien (Ch.), Jambier posterieur. This mus- 
 cle is situate at the posterior and deep part of the 
 leg. It is thicker above than below; and is at- 
 tached, above, to the posterior surface of the 
 fibula ; to the posterior surface of the tibia, and 
 to the interosseous ligament. Its tendon termi- 
 nates, below, at the tuberosity on the inferior 
 extremity of the os scaphoides. This muscle ex- 
 tends the foot on the leg; at the same time rais- 
 ing its inner edge. It, likewise, extends the leg 
 on the foot. 
 
 TIBIO-CALCANIEN, Soleus— «. Phalanget- 
 tien, Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus 
 perforans — t. Sous-tarsien, Tibialis posticus — t. 
 Sns-metatarsien, Tibialis anticus — t. Sus-tarsien, 
 Tibialis anticus. 
 
 TIB'IO-TARSAL, Tibio-tar'seus, (F.) Tibio- 
 tarsienne. What relates to the tibia and tarsus. 
 Tibio-Taesal Aeticula'tion is the articula- 
 tion of the foot with the kg. It is formed by 
 the tibia and the astragalus ; and is strengthened 
 by lateral, and by anterior and posterior liga- 
 ments. 
 
 TIBIO-TARSIEN, Tibialis posticus. 
 TIC, Twitching, Vellication. A local and ha- 
 bitual convulsive motion of certain muscles; and, 
 especially, of some of those of the face. It is, 
 sometimes, called Tic conviihif ou Tic non doulou- 
 renx, Histrion'ic Spasm of the Face, to distin- 
 guish it from Tic douloweux or neuralyia faciei, 
 and has been termed a partial chorea or form 
 of chronic chorea, Spasrnus facia'lis, Chore'a 
 fa'ciei. 
 
 TIC DOULEUREUX, Neuralgia, facial — t. 
 non doidoiirevx, see Tic. 
 
 TICKLE WEED, Veratrum viride. 
 TICKLING, (Sc.) Kittling, KitiUing, (F.) Cha- 
 touillevxent. This word, sometimes, means the 
 action of tickling {titillu'tio, titilla'tion;) at 
 others, the sensation produced by this action 
 {pruri'tns). A vivid sensation, which commonly 
 causes laughter, and a state of general spasm 
 that may be dangerous if too long protracted. 
 There are some parts of the body, where we are 
 easier tickled than others; for example, the sole 
 of the feet, and the hypochondriac regions. 
 
 TICKSEED SUNFLOWER, Coreopsis tricho 
 sperma. 
 
 TICKWEED, Hedeoma — t. Sunflower, Core- 
 opsis trichosperma. 
 
 TICO'REA FEBRIF'UGA ; a Brazilian plant. 
 Order, Rutaceas, the bark of which is intensely 
 bitter, astringent and antiperiodic. 
 
 Ticorea Jasminiflo'ra. a decoction of the 
 leaves is said to be drunk by the Brazilians as a 
 cure for framboesia. 
 
 TIDAL AIR, see Respiration. 
 TIERCE, see Tertian. 
 
 TIGE PITUITAIRE, Infundibulum of the 
 ■brain — t. Sus-sphenoidale, Infundibulum of the 
 brain. 
 
 TIGILLTJM, Crucible. 
 
 TIGLIA SEU TIGLII GRANA, see Croton 
 Tiglium. 
 
 TIGRETIER, see Mania, dancing. 
 TIGULA, Saccharum. 
 TIKIMMA, Caeoucia coccinea. 
 TILBURY, MINERAL WATERS OP. A sa- 
 line chalybeate at West Tilbury, in Essex, Eng- 
 land. It is not much frequented. 
 
 TIL'IA, T. Europa'a seu grandiflo'ra seu cor- 
 
TILIA AMERICANA 
 
 914 
 
 TINCTURA 
 
 difo'lia seu pauctflo'ra seu lolatajyhyll'a, (akin to 
 TTTsXta, 'the elm tree'). Phil'yra. The Lime or 
 Linden tree, (F.) TiUeid. Ord. Tiliacese. The 
 flowers have been supposed to possess anodyne 
 and antispasmodic virtues. 
 
 TILIA AMERICA'NA. T. glabra seu Cana- 
 den'sis, Linden, Linn, liasswood, Whitewood, 
 Spoonwood. A mucilage prepared by macerating 
 the inner bark in cold water, has been applied to 
 burns. It may be made into a cataplasm by 
 thickening it with bran. 
 
 TiLiA Glabra, T. Americana — t. Canadensis, 
 T. Americana. 
 TILLEUL, Tilia. 
 
 TILLICHBRRY CORTEX, Nerium antidy- 
 sentericum. 
 
 TILMA, Linteum. 
 TILMOS, Evulsion. 
 TILMUS, Carphologia. 
 
 TILY, OF THE INDIANS, Viburnum denta- 
 tum. 
 
 TIMAC. The name of an East India root, but 
 of what vegetable is not clear. It is said to pos- 
 sess diuretic properties; and hence has been 
 given in dropsies. 
 
 TIMBRE (F.), 'the sound of a bell.' The 
 . quality of sound by which one voice, or one in- 
 strument, can be distinguished from another 
 when producing the same note. 
 TIMIDUS, Rectus inferior oculi. 
 TIN, (D.) Ten. Stannum, Gassit'eros, Cat- 
 tit'eros, Stangos, Ju'piter, Stu']^^") Laon, Plumhum 
 album seu can'didum, (F.) Etain. A solid metal ; 
 of a peculiar odour when rubbed; insipid ; colour 
 ■whitish; s. g. 7'291; giving a peculiar tinkling 
 sound when struck. It is used, in medicine, only 
 as a mechanical anthelmintic. Dose, 3J of the 
 Pulvis Stanni, Stannum granula'tuni or Granular 
 tin, in molasses. This is made by melting tin in 
 an iron vessel over the fire, and, while it is cool- 
 ing, stirring until it is reduced to a powder, 
 which is passed through a sieve. — Ph. U. S. 
 
 Tin, Butter of. Tin, muriate of — t. Chloruret 
 of. Tin, muriate of — t. Deutohydrochlorate of, T. 
 - muriate of. 
 
 Tin-Foil, Stannum folia'tum, Stanni'olum, is 
 used for plugging carious teeth, &c. 
 
 Tin-Glass, Bismuth — t. Granular, see Tin — t. 
 Muriate of, superoxygenated, T. muriate of. 
 
 Tin, Muriate of, Fuming liquor of Liba'vius, 
 Mu'rios Stanni seu Oxyd'idi Stanni, Butter or 
 Ghlor'uret or Deu' to-hydro-chlorate or Sujyeroxy- 
 gena'ted lluriate of Tin. This is formed of tin, 
 one part; concentrated muriatic acid, three parts. 
 To be crystallized by the aid of heat. A violent 
 cathartic. Dose, gr. ij or iij. 
 
 Tin, Sulphuret of, Aurum musivum. 
 TINAGMUS, Concussion. 
 TINASMUS, Tenesmus. 
 
 TINCTU'RA, from tingere, tinctiim, ' to dye.' 
 Tincture, Essen'tia, (F.) Teiniure Alcuolique, Al- 
 coole, Alcohol, Alcoolature. The term tincture is 
 generally restricted to spirituous solutions of 
 vegetable, animal, and some saline substances. 
 It corresponds, therefore, with the word Quintes'- 
 cence, in one of its old significations; and with 
 the Alcoola'tum of the Codex of Paris. It is not 
 unusual, however, to speak of aqueous tincture, 
 ethereal tincture {Etherolature, Beral), &c. Tinc- 
 tures are usually made either with pure alcohol 
 or proof spirit. The former are precipitated by 
 water; and, therefore, are seldom used inter- 
 nally ; the latter are common additions to infu- 
 sions, decoctions, &c. They ought not, of course, 
 to be united with any vehicle which can decom- 
 pose them, or separate any thing from them in a 
 palpable form ; unless such decomposition is de- 
 sired by the prescriber. In making tinctures, 
 the ingredients should be reduced to a coarse 
 
 powder; and the maceration be made in close 
 vessels, exposed to a heat of about 80°, and fre- 
 quently shaken. When completed, they must be 
 filtered, and put away for use in close bottles. 
 When the process of displacement is employed, 
 great care must be taken, so that the substances 
 treated may be, as far as possible, exhausted of 
 their soluble principles, and a perfectly clear 
 tincture be obtained. To those who are not fa- 
 miliar with the process, the plan of maceration is 
 preferable.— Ph. U. S. 
 
 TiNCTURA Absin'thii Compos'ita, Essen'tia 
 absin'thii compiosita seu amara, Compound Tinc- 
 ture of wormwood. {Absinth., artem. pontic, 
 caryoph. aa ^ss, sacch. ^ij, alcohol. Oss. Mace- 
 rate for fifteen days. Ph. P.) Tonic, stomachic, 
 vermifuge, and carminative. Dose, f ^ij to f^ss. 
 
 TiNCTURA Acacia Catechu, T. catechu — t. 
 Acetatis ferri cum alcohole, see T. ferri acetatis 
 — t. Acidi sulphurici, Sulphuricum acidum aro- 
 maticum. 
 
 TiNCTDRA Aconi'ti, (Ph. U. S. 1842.) Tinc- 
 tu'ra Aconi'ti folio' rum, (Ph. U. S. 1851.) Tinc- 
 ture of Ac' onite, {Aconit.folior. ^iv, alcohol, dibit. 
 Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter 
 through paper. It may also be made by dis- 
 placement. Ph. U. S.) Dose, gtt. XX or xxx. It 
 is rubbed on the seat of neuralgia. 
 
 TiNCTURA Aconi'ti Radi'cis, Tincture of Aco- 
 nite root, {Aconit. radieis contus. Ibj, Alcohol. 
 Oij. Macerate for 14 days ; express and filter. 
 It may also be prepared by displacement. Ph. 
 U. S.) Uses same as the last. 
 
 TiNCTURA ^THE'REA CaMPHORA'tA, Solu'tio 
 
 cain'])horeB (Bthe'rea,Liquor nervi'nns Bang'ii,Spi- 
 ritns sulphu'rico-cBthereus camphora'tus. Naphtha 
 vitrioli camphor a' ta. (Camphor. Tp. i. ^ther sul- 
 pthuric. p. ii.) Stimulant in atonic diseases, ar- 
 thritic cardialgia, and spasm. Dose, 20 to 30 
 drops in white wine. 
 
 TiNCTURA J5therea Ferri, Alcohol (seu Tinc- 
 tura) sulphurico-ajthereus ferri — t. Alcoholica 
 Chinas composita, T. cinchona composita — t. Al- 
 coholica corticum aurantiorum Whyttii, Tinctura 
 cinchonse amara — t. Alexipharmaca Huxhami, 
 Tinctura cinchonee composita. 
 
 TiNCTURA Al'oes, T. A/'nes Socotori'ncB, Es- 
 sen'tia Aloes, Al'cohol cum Aloejyerfolia'ta, Tinc- 
 ture of Aloes. [Aloes, pulv. ^^j, ext. glycyrrh. 
 ^^iij, aquoB Oiss, alcohol. Oss. Macerate for 14 
 days, and filter. Ph. U. S.) Properties, those 
 of aloes. Dose, f ^ss to f ^iss. 
 
 Tinctura Aloes jEthe'rea, T. Aloes vitriola'- 
 ta, ^the'real Tincture of Aloes. {Aloes Socoi., 
 Myrrh., aa ^iss, croci ^j, sp. aetheria sulph. Oj. 
 Digest the myrrh in the ether for 4 days ; then 
 add the aloes and safi'ron. Ph. E.) Stimulant 
 and cathartic. Dose, f ^j to f ^'j- 
 
 Tinctura Aloes Compos'ita, Elix'ir Proprie- 
 ta'tis seu aperiti'vum seu Aloes, Tinctura Aloes 
 cum Myrrhd seu Aloes et Myrrh cb (Ph. U. S.,) seu 
 Aloes et MyrrhcB croea'ta. Elixir of long life. 
 Compound Tincture of Aloes, (F.) Elixir de tongue 
 vie, Baume de vie de Lelievre, [Aloes, in pulv., 
 ^iij, croci, 3J» Tinct. Myrrha, Oij.) Macerate 
 for 14 days, and filter. Purgative and stomachic. 
 Dose, f^j to f 3'j- 
 
 Boerhaave' s Elixir consisted of aloes, myrrh, 
 saffron, and tartrate of potassa, digested in alco- 
 hol and water. 
 
 Radcliffe's Elixir is formed of Aloes socotr. 
 ^vj, cort. cinnam., rad. zedoar, aa I^ss, rad. rhei 
 3J, coccinell. _^ss, syrup, rhamni ^ij, sp. tenuior. 
 Oj, aqucB puree i§v. 
 
 Tinctura Aloes et Myerh^b, T. aloes com- 
 posita — t. Aloes et myrrhse crocata, T. A. com- 
 posita — t. Aloes vitriolata, T. A. tetherea — t. 
 Amara, T. gentianie composita — t. Ammoniae 
 composita, Spiritus ammoniaj succinatus — t. 
 
TINCTURA 
 
 915 
 
 TINCTURA 
 
 Amomi repentis, T. carclamomi — t. Amomi ziii- 
 giberis, T. zingiberis. 
 
 TiNCTURA Angustu'RjE, T. Cuspa'rim, Tincture 
 of Angustura. ( Cort. ciispar. in pulv. crass, redact. 
 ^\j, sp.vin. ten. Oij. Dige&t. Fh. B.) Dose, f ^j 
 to f 3ij. 
 
 TiNCTURA Antifebrilis Waebdrgt, see Be- 
 beeru. 
 
 TiNCTURA AntioDONTAL'gicA, Toothnch Tinc- 
 ture. (Tannin, ^j, Mastich. gr. v, cBther. ^ij. 
 M.) To be applied on cotton wool to the tooth 
 previously dried. 
 
 TiNCTURA ARISTOLOCHI.E Serpentari^, T. 
 serpentariae — t. Aromatica, T. cinnamomi com- 
 posita — t. Aromatica ammoniata, Spiritus ammo- 
 nise aromaticus. 
 
 TiNCTURA Assafcb'tid^, T. Fer'ulm Ansafce- 
 tidcB, T. fce'tida seu assofvetidce, Tincture of Assa- 
 fcBtida. (Assafoetid. ^iv, alcohol. Oij. Mace- 
 rate for 14 days and filter. Ph. D.) Dose, gtt. 
 XV to f^j. 
 
 TiNCTURA AssAFCETiD^ Ammoniata, Spiritus 
 Ammonias foetidus. 
 
 TiNCTURA Auran'tii, T. Cor'ticts Aurantii, 
 Tincture of Orange Peel. [Aurant. cort. recent. 
 5iij, sp. red. Oij. Digest for 14 daj's.) Sto- 
 machic. Used as an adjunct to stomachic 
 draughts. Dose, fgss to f^ij. 
 
 TiNCTURA Aurea, Alcohol seu tinctura sulpbu- 
 rico-Kthereus ferri. 
 
 TiNCTURA Belladon'nje, Tincture of Bella- 
 donna. [BelladonncB, ^iv, alcohol, dilnt. Oij. 
 Macerate for 14 days j express, and filter through 
 paper. It may, also, be prepared by displace- 
 ment. Ph. U. S.) 
 
 TiNCTURA Benzo'ini Compos'ita, T. Ben'zoes 
 comijosita, Bcd'samum CathoV icum seu Per'sicum 
 seu traumat'icum, Elixir Iraumcttictim, Comptound 
 Tincture of Benzoin, Friar's or Vervain'8 Bal- 
 sam, Wade's or Jesuit's drops, Conunander's or 
 Wound Balsam, Balsam for Cuts. [Benzoin. ^W^, 
 styrac. purif. ^ij, Balsam, tolut. ^j, aloes, in pulv. 
 3SS, alcohol. Oij. Macerate for 14 days and filter. 
 Ph. U. S.) Stimulant. Used chiefly to wounds 
 and ulcers. 
 
 The basis of Turlington's Balsam of Life, Tur- 
 lington's Balsam, is the Compound Tincture of 
 Benzoin. The following form is recommended 
 by a committee of the Philadelphia College of 
 Pharmacy: — Alcohol. Oviij, Benzoin. ^x\j, Styrac. 
 liquid, ^iv, yj.focs Socotrin. ^j, Balsam. Peruvian. 
 ^ij, MyrrhcB ,^j, Bad. Angelic, .^ss, Balsam. Tolut., 
 £xt. Glycyrrh. aa ^iv. Digest for 10 days, and 
 strain. 
 
 The Essence of Coltsfoot consists of equal parts 
 of the Compound Tincture of Benzoin and Bal- 
 sam of Tolii., to which is added double the quan- 
 tity of Rectified Spirit of Wine, It is sold as a 
 pectoral. 
 
 Tinctura BucHU, T.Buchn, Tincture of Buchu. 
 (Buch. ^v. Alcohol. diJut. Oij (Imp. meas.). Di- 
 gest for seven days and filter. It may be made, 
 also, by percolation. Ph. E.) Dose, f^j to 
 fgiv. 
 
 TiNCTURA BucKU, Tinctura Buchu. 
 
 Tinctura Caluh'ej;;, T. Golumhcs seu Colom- 
 h<B (Ph. U. S.), Tincture of Columho, Columho 
 Bitters, [Columb. rad. cont. §iv, alcohol, dilut. 
 Oij. Macerate for 14 days ; express, and filter. 
 Ph. U. S.) Dose, fgss to fgiv. It may, also, be 
 made by displacement. 
 
 Tinctura Camphors, Spiritus camphorse. 
 
 Tinctura Cam'phor^ Compos'ita, T. Opii 
 Camphora'fa (Ph. U. S.), Compound Tincture or 
 Camphorated Tincture of Opium, Elixir Pare- 
 gor'icum, Paregor'ie Elixir. {Opii, in pulv.. 
 Acid Benzoic, aa ^j "L anisi, f^j, mellis despu- 
 mat. ^ij, Camphor, ^ij, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Ma- 
 cerate for 14 days, and filter through paper. Ph. 
 
 U. S.) One fluidounce contains nearly gr. ij of 
 opium. Anodyne. Dose, f 3J to f 3'ij- 
 
 Squire's Eli.cir, an empirical carminative pre- 
 paration, is thus made, according to one formula. 
 {Opii ^iv, camphor, ^j, coccinell. §}, foenicul. 
 dulc. ^ij, tinct. serpent. Oj, sp. anisi. cong. ij, 
 aqucp, Oij, auri musivi, §vj.) 
 
 Tinctura Can'nabis In'dicje, Tincture of In- 
 dian Hem]]. {Ext. Cannah. 2)urif. ^ss (avoirdu- 
 pois), sp. rectificat. Oss (Imp. meas.) Dissolve. 
 Ph. D.) Dose, about 40 drops. 
 
 Tinctura Canthar'idis, T. C. Vesicato'ria, T. 
 LyttcB sen 3feloes vesicato'rii. Tincture of Cantha- 
 rides, Tincture of Blistering Flies, T. of Spanish 
 Flies, (F.) Teinture rubefiante. {Cantharid. cont. 
 3ij, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days; 
 express, and filter. It may, also, be prepared by 
 displacement. Ph._ U. S.) Stimulant and diu- 
 retic, but not often used internally. Externally, 
 stimulant. Dose, gtt. x. 
 
 Matthew's Injection, a once celebrated nostrum 
 for fistula in ano, consisted wholly of a dilute 
 Tincture of Oantharides. 
 
 Tinctura Cap'sici, Tincture of Capsicum or 
 Cayenne Peppjer. {Capsic. ^j; alcohol, dil. Oij. 
 Macerate for 14 days, and filter. It may, also, 
 be prepared by displacement. Ph. U. S.) Stimu- 
 lant. Dose, f ^ss to f^j. 
 
 Tinctura Cardamo'mi, T. amo'mi repen'tis, 
 Tincture of Car'damoms. {Cardam. cont. §iv, 
 alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, strain, 
 and filter. It may, also, be made by displace- 
 ment. Ph. U. S.) Use, the same as the seeds. 
 Dose, f^j to f ^iv. 
 
 Solomon's Balm of Gil'ead, an empirical prepa- 
 ration, seems to be an aromatic tincture,- — of 
 which Cardamoms form a leading ingredient, 
 — made with brandy. Some aflBrm that it con- 
 tains cantharides. 
 
 Tinctura Cardamomi Compos'ita, Tinctura 
 Stomach'ica, Compound Tincture of Card'amoms, 
 Stomach Tincture. {Cardamom, cont. ^vj, Carui. 
 cont. 3'j» cinnam. eont. ^v, Uva passes demptis 
 acinis, ^v, cocci, cont. 3^j, alcohol, dilut. Oiiss. 
 Macerate for 14 days ; express and filter. Ph. 
 U. S.) Stomachic and carminative. Dose, f^ij 
 to f 5iv. 
 
 Tinctura Carminati'ta Syl'vii, Aleoola'tum 
 Carminati'vum Sylvii, Carminative Elixir of Syl- 
 vius. {Bad. angelic. 4 p., rad. imperator., galang. 
 aa 6 ^., fol. rosmarin., maj'oran., rutcB, basilic, aa 
 48 p., baccar. laur. nobil. 12 p. sem. angelic, li- 
 gust. levist., anis. aa 16 p., zingib., nuc. moschat. 
 aa 6 p., cinnam. 12 p., caryoph., cort. limon. aa 4 
 p. Add alcohol 1500 p. Macerate and distil, 
 1000 p. Ph. P.) A warm stomachic, carmina- 
 tive, &c. Dose, f^ss to f^^ss. 
 
 Tinctura Cascaril'l^, T. Croto'nis Eleuthe'- 
 rics, Al'cohol cum Croto'ne Cascarilld, Tincture 
 of Cascarilla. {Cascarill. cort. cont. ^^'V, sp. ten. 
 Oij. Ph. L.) Dose, f^j to f^iv. 
 
 Tinctura Casto'rei, T. Castorei Ros'sici seu 
 Castorei Canaden'sis, Essen'tia Castorei, Al'cohol 
 castoria'tum, Tincture of Castor. {Castor cont. 
 ^ij, alcohol. Oij. Macerate for 7 days, express, 
 and filter. Ph. U. S.) Tonic and antispasmodic. 
 Dose, gtt. XX to f 3^ij, or more. 
 
 Tinctura Castorei Compos'ita, T. C. ammo- 
 nia'ta, Conqiound Tincture of Castor. {Cast, ^j, 
 g. asafoetid. ^ss, alcohol, ammoniat. Oj. Ph. £.) 
 Antispasmodic. Dose, f ^j to f ^i^- Called, also, 
 Elixir foe' tidum, Tinctura castorei foctida sen foe- 
 tida ammonia'ta. 
 
 Tinctura Cat'echu, Tinctura Japon'ica seu 
 3Iimo'scB Catechu seu Aca'cim Catechu, Tincture 
 of Catechu. Catech. ^iij, cinnam. contus. ,^ij, 
 alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, ex- 
 press and filter. Ph. U. S.) Astringent. Dose, 
 f 3J to f^ij. 
 
TINCTURA 
 
 916 
 
 TINCTURA 
 
 The Concentrated Solution of Charcoal, Rolfii for 
 cleaning the teeth, seems to be little more than 
 the tineture of catechu. 
 
 TiNCTURA Chirett'jE, Tiiicture of CMret'ta. 
 (Chirett. cont. ^v, (avoird.) alcohol, dilut. Oij. 
 (Imp. raeas.) Macerate for 14 days. Ph. D.) 
 Dose, f 5Ji or f ,^ij, as a tonic. 
 
 TixcTURA CicuT^, T. conii maculati. 
 TiNCTURA Cincho'n.E, T. Cor'ticis Perima'ni 
 Simjilex sen Cort. Peruvia'ni, Tincture of Cincho- 
 na or of Bark. {Cinchon. flav. in puly. ^vj, 
 alcohol, dibit. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, ex- 
 press, and filter through paper. It may, also, be 
 made by displacement. Ph. U. S.) Dose, f^j 
 to i^n-, or more. 
 
 TiNCTURA Cincho'NjE Ama'ra seu alcohol'ica 
 corticum anrantio' rum Whyttii seu Kinki'nm 
 ama'ra, Elixir antihypoehondri' acum seu roV- 
 orans Whyt'tii seu Whyttii seu stomach' iciim 
 spirituo'sum, Essen'tia Cor'ticis Peruvia'ni Com- 
 posita. (Cinch, p. viij, Gentian. Pad., Cort. 
 Auranf.p.u^. Alcohol. (-MO) 96 p. Digest. Dose, 
 one or two teaspoonfuls.) 
 
 TiNCTURA Cinchonas Ammonia'ta, T. Cor'ticis 
 Peruvia'ni volat'ilis, Ammoniated or Volatile 
 Tincture of Bark. {Cinchon. luncifol. cort. cont. 
 ^iv, sp. amnion, aromat. Oij. Ph. L.) In dys- 
 pepsia, combined with acidity and languor. 
 
 TiNCTURA Cinchona J3the'rea Compos'ita, 
 T. Kinm Kince (pthe'rea compos'ita, Elixir'ium. 
 Autisep'ticum. Docto'ris Chaussier, Cliaussier's 
 Antisep'tie Elixir. [Cinchon. officin. gij, cas- 
 carill. ^ss, cinnam. 3''j' croci ^is, sacch. all). 
 |5x.xxviij. Put these bruised into a matrass, and 
 add vin. alb. Hispianic. vel vin. muscat., alcohol. 
 aa Oj. Macerate for two days, and add sulphuric 
 ether f^iss. Ph. P.) Tonic, stimulant, and an- 
 tiseptic. Dose, f 3ss to f^j. 
 
 TiNCTURA Cinchona Compos'ita, T. Cor'ticis 
 Peruvia'ni Composita seu febrif'uga Uocto'ris 
 Hnxha'mi seu Alexiphar' macn Huxhami seu Al- 
 cohol'ica China Comjios' ita, Essen'tia Chinee seu 
 Cor'ticis Peruvia'ni Alexiphar' maca Huxhami 
 seu antisep'tica Huxhami, Compound Tincture 
 of Cinchona or Bark, Huxham's Tincture of Bark. 
 [Cinchon. rubr. pulv. ^\j,aHrant. cort. cont. §iss, 
 ierpent. cont. ^iij, croci, sanlul. aa ^j, alcohol, 
 dihit. f^xx. Macerate for 14 days, express, and 
 filter. Ph. U. S.) It may, also, be made by 
 displacement. More grateful than the simple 
 tincture. Dose, f ^j to f 3''j- 
 
 TiNCTURA Cinnamo'mi, T. Lauri Cinnamomi, 
 Essen' tia Cinnamomi, Tincture of Cinnamon. [Cin- 
 nam. cont. ,^iij, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 
 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may, 
 also, be prepared by displacement. Stomachic. 
 Dose, fgj to f 3'j- 
 
 TiNCTURA Cinnamo'mi Compos'ita, T. seu Es- 
 sen'tia Aromat'ica, Alcool cum. Aromat'ihus Com- 
 pos'itus, Compound Tincture of Cinnamon, (F.) 
 Eau de Bonferme ou d'Armagnac. [Cinnnm. 
 cont. ^^j, cardam. cont. ^ss, zingib. cont. 3"i' 
 alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, ex- 
 press, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may, also, be 
 prepared by displacement. Use, same as the last. 
 Dose, f ,^j to f,5iij. 
 
 TiNCTURA Cocci Cacti, Tincture of Coch'ineal. 
 (Cocci pulv. gij (avoird.), alcohol, dilut. Oj. (Imp. 
 meas. Ph. D.) Chiefly a colouring ingredient. 
 At times, given in nervous affections. Dose, gtt. 
 xij to f 3J. 
 
 TiNCTURA DE Cocelea'riis, Alcoola' turn de 
 Cochlea'riis se\l antiscorbu'ticiiin. [Fol. cochlear, 
 recent. 2500 p., rad. armoracicB, 2.S0 p., alcohol. 
 (22° to 32° Beaume) 3000 p., distil off 2000 p. 
 Ph. P.) Antiscorbutic. Dose, f^ij to f,f j. 
 
 TiNCTUR.i Col'chici, T. C. Sem'inis, \ph. JJ. 
 S.), Tincture of Colchicum Seed. [Colchic. sem. 
 
 cont. 
 
 iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 
 days, expre.ss, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may, 
 also, be prepared by displacement. Dose, ten to 
 sixty drops. 
 
 TiNCTURA COLCHICI COMPOSITA, Spiritus Col- 
 
 chici ammoniatus— t. Colchici seminis, T. colchici 
 — t. Colombae, T. Calumbee. 
 
 TiNCTURA CoNl'l, T. C. Macula'ti, T. Cicn'to'., 
 Tincture of Hemlock. [Conii fol. ^iv, alcohol, 
 dil. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter. 
 Ph. JJ. S.) It may also be made by displace- 
 ment. Use; — the same as that of the leaves. 
 
 TiNCTURA Conii Maculati, T. conii — t. Con- 
 volvuli Jalapse, T. jalapii — t. Cortieis aurantii, 
 T. aurantii — t. Cortieis Peruviani composita, T. 
 cinchonas comp. — t. Cortieis Peruviani simplex, 
 T. cinch onse — t. Cortieis Peruviani volatilis, T. 
 cinehonge ammoniata. 
 
 TiNCTURA Croci Sati'vi, T. Croci, Tincture 
 of Saffron. [Croci Angl. cont. ^j, alcohol, dilut. 
 |xv. Ph. E.) Slightly stomachic [?]. DosCjf^j 
 to f.^iij. 
 
 TiNCTURA DE Croco Qoiivos'vTX, Elixir'iimi de 
 Gams, Alcoola' turn de Croco Compjos' itnm , Com- 
 pound Tincture of Saffron, Elixir of Garus. 
 [Aloes Socotr. 320 p., myrrh. 64 p., croci. 32 p., 
 cinnam., nuc. moschat., caryoph. aa, 16 p., alcohol. 
 1000 p. aq. flor. aurant. 5000 p. Digest for two 
 days ; distil 4000 p. and add syrup of capillaire, 
 5000 p. Ph. P.) Aromatic, cordial, stomachic. 
 It is also called Elixir cordia'le et stomach'icum, 
 and E. anticol'icum croca'tum. 
 
 TiNCTURA Croto'nis, Tincture of Crofon. Un- 
 der this name Mr. E. Wilson recommends *a 
 most valuable cutaneous stimulant,' made by add- 
 ing four fluidounees of alcohol to one ounce of the 
 bruised seeds of Croton tiglium. 
 
 TiNCTURA Crotonis Eleutheri^, T. casca- 
 rillse. 
 
 TiNCTURA Cubes'^, Tincture of Cubebs. [Cii- 
 beb. cont. ,^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 
 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may, 
 also, be prepared by displacement. Dose, one or 
 two fiuidrachms. 
 
 TiNCTURA CusPARi^, Tinctura Augusturae. 
 
 TiNCTURA Digita'lis, T. Digitalis purpu'rem. 
 Tincture of Digitalis. [Digital. ^\y, alcohol, di- 
 lut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter.) 
 It may, also, be prepared by displacement. Use, 
 same as that of the leaves. Dose, gtt. x. 
 
 TiNCTURA Er'got^, Tincture of Ergot. [Ergot. 
 in pulv. crass. ,^viij (avoird.), Sp. tenuior. Oij, 
 (Imp. meas.) Macerate for 14 days, express, 
 and filter. Ph.D.) Dose, f 5 to f^ij. 
 
 TiNCTURA Er'got^e jSIthe'rea, Ethe'real Tinc- 
 ture of Ergot, [Ergot, contus. ^s.v, -^ther. Oij, 
 (Imp. meas.) Macerate for 7 days, express, and 
 filter. Ph. L.) Dose, 60 to 90 minims. 
 
 TiNCTURA Febrifuga Doctoris Huxhami, T. 
 einchonse composita. 
 
 Tinctura Ferri Aceta'tis, Tincture of Ace- 
 tate of Iron. [Potass, acetat. ^ij, sulph. ferri. 
 5J, sp. rectif. Oij. Rub the acetate and sulphate 
 into a soft mass. Dry and rub with the spirit. 
 Digest for 7 days, and pour off. Ph. D.) Tunic 
 and astringent. Dose. gtt. xx to f^j. The Dub- 
 lin college directs a Tinctura Acetatis Ferri cum 
 Alcoho'le, which differs from the other, in having 
 half the quantity, onlj', of the Acetate of Potass. 
 
 Tinctura Ferri Ammonia'ta, T. Ferri Am- 
 moniaco'lis seu Florum 7nartia'linm seu llartis 
 Mynsich'ti, Tincture of Ammoniated Iron. [Ferri 
 ammon. ^\v, sp. ten. Oj. Ph. L.) Use — same as 
 that of the ammoniated iron. Dose, f^ss tof^'j- 
 
 Tinctura Ferki Ammo'nio-Chlo'ridi, Tinc- 
 ture of Ammonio-chloride of Iron, [Ferri ammo- 
 nio-ehlorid. ^iv, alcohol, dilut., aquce desiillat. 
 
TINCTURA 
 
 917 
 
 TINCTURA 
 
 aa Oj. (Imp. meas.) Dissolve and filter. Ph. L.) 
 Dose, gtt. X to XX. 
 
 TiNCTURA Ferri Chloridi, T. ferri muriatis. 
 
 TiNCTURA Ferri MtiRiA'Tis, T. Ferri chlo'ridi 
 (Ph. U. S.) seu sesqui-chlo'ridi seu Martis in Spi- 
 ritu Sails seu llartis cum Spiriin Sails seu Ferri 
 ilnria'ti, Liquor Ferri Muria'tia, Tincture of 
 3Iuriate of Iron, Tincture of Steel, Alcohol ferra'- 
 tus. (Ferri subcarb. Ibss, acid, muriut. Oj, 
 alcohol. Oiij. Add the acid to the subearbonate 
 in a glass vessel, and shake during three days. 
 Pour off and add the spirit. Ph. U. S.) Tonic 
 and styptic. It has been given, also, with ad- 
 vantage in erysipelas and scarlatina in the dose 
 of TT\^ X to Tr^ XX, every two or three hours. Dose, 
 gtt. X to XX. 
 
 Bestucheff's Tincture or Klriproth's Tincture is 
 an ethereal tincture of chloride of iron. It is 
 composed of dry perchloride of iron, one part; 
 Hoffrn-unn's anodyne liquor, seven parts. 
 
 The Antivenereal Drops, at one time so cele- 
 brated at Amsterdam, were examined by Scheele, 
 and found to be a tincture of chloride of iron and 
 corrosive sublimate. 
 
 TiNCTURA Ferri Sesquichloridi, T. Ferri 
 muriatis — t. Ferulae Assafoetidte, T. Assafoetidas— 
 t. Florum martialium, T. ferri ammoniata — t. Foe- 
 tida, T. assafoetidse — t. Foetida ammoniata, T. 
 castorei composita — t. Fuliginis, see Fuligo. 
 
 TiNCTDRA Gal'bani, Tincture of Galbanum. 
 {Galb. ^ij, sp. tenuior. Oij. Ph. D.) Stimulant 
 and antispasmodic. Dose, f^j to f.^'U- 
 
 TiNCTURA GaLLA'rUII, T. GallcE, [Ph. U. S.) 
 Tincture of Galls. [Gall, contus. §iv, alcohol, 
 dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express and 
 filter. Ph. U. S.) It may, also, be prepared by 
 displacement. Astringent. Dose, f^j to f ^i'j- 
 
 TiNCTURA Gentia'NjeCompos'ita, Tinct.Ama'- 
 ra, Elix'ir Stomach'icum, Compound Tincture of 
 Gentian, Spirit Bitters. (Gent, concis. ^^ij, an- 
 rant. cart, ^j, cardam. cont. §ss. alcohol, dilut. 
 Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter. 
 It may, likewise, be prepared by displacement. 
 Ph. U. S.) Tonic and stomachic. Dose, f^j to 
 
 Brodum's Nervoiis Cordial consists of the Tinc- 
 tures of Gentian, Columba, Cardamom, and Bark, 
 with the Compound Spirit of Lavender, and Wine 
 of Iron. 
 
 Stoughton's Elixir is a compound tincture of 
 gentian. The EUxir'ium Docto'ris Stoughton seu 
 Tinctu'ra Ama'ra of the Parisian Codex is pre- 
 pared as follows: — Absinth, summit, exsiecat., 
 Teucri chamcedrys. Bad. gentian., cort. auranf., 
 aa ^vj, cascarillcB ^j, rhei ^ss, aloes socotr. ^j, 
 alcohol. Oij.) Digest. 
 
 TiNCTURA Guai'aci, T. Guciiaci Officina'lia, 
 Tincture of Guai'acum. (Guaiac. Ibss, alcohol. 
 Oij. Macerate for 14 days, and filter. Ph. U. S.) 
 Stimulant and sudorific. Used especially in rheu- 
 matic and arthritic cases. Nearly the same as 
 Sill's Essence of Bardana or Burdock. 
 
 TiNCTURA Guai'aci Ammonia'ta, T. Guaiaci'na 
 Volat'ilia, T. Guai'aci, (Ph. L. 1788,) Elixir 
 Guai'aci Yolatilis, Al'cohol cum Guai'aco offici- 
 na'le ammoni'atus, A. amnionic^ et Guai'aci, Am- 
 moniated Tincture of Guai'acum, Vol'atile Tinc- 
 ture of Guai'acum. ( Guaiac. pulv. ^iv, sp. ammon. 
 arom. Oiss. Macerate for 14 days, and filter. 
 Ph. U. S.) Properties same as the last. Dose, 
 
 m to f 3ij- 
 
 Hatfield's Tincture — a nostrum — consists of 
 Guaiacum and Soapi, aa ^'j- rectified spirit, Oiss. 
 
 TiNCTURA Hei.leb'ori, T. Helleb'ori Nigri, T. 
 ilelampo'dii. Tincture of Black Hellebore. (Hel- 
 leb. nigr. cont. ,^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate 
 for 14 days, express and filter. It may also be 
 prepared by displacement. Ph. U. S.) Dose, 
 f 3ss to f3J. 
 
 TiNOTKRA HiERA, Yinum aloes. 
 
 TiNCTtuiA Hu'jri'Li, T. Lu'puH, Tincture of 
 Hops. {Humuli, ^v, alcohol, dilut. Oij.) Tonic 
 and sedative. Dose, f ^ss to f.^^iij- 
 
 TiNCTURA IIyoscy'ami, T. Hyoscyami nigri. 
 Tincture of Henbane. [Hyoscyam.fol. §iv, alco- 
 hol. dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express and 
 filter. It may also be prepared by displacement. 
 Ph. U. S.) Narcotic, anodyne. Dose, gtt. xx. 
 to fg^ij. 
 
 TiNCTURA Io'dini,(PL U. <S'.,1842,) T. Jodin'ii, 
 {Ph. U. S., 185L) Alcohol lo'dii. Tincture of 
 Iodine. (Todin. ^j, alcohol. Oj. Dissolve. Ph. 
 U. S.) The tincture spoils by keeping, or at 
 least, deposits the iodine. It has been much 
 used in goitre, &o. Dose, ten drops three times 
 a day. 
 
 An ethereal and a chloroform tincture of iodine 
 have been used, to affect the system with iodine 
 bj' inhalation. 
 
 TiNCTURA lODINI COMPOS'lTA, {Ph. U. .S'.,1842,) 
 T. lodin'ii Compcjsita, {Ph. U. S., 1851,) Com- 
 p)ound Tincture of Iodine. (lodin.. ^ss. Potassii 
 iodid. "g]. Alcohol. Oj. Diss<>lre. Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, 10 to 30 drops. 
 
 TiNCTURA Jala'pii, T. Jala'pcB, {Ph. U. S.) seu 
 Convol'vuli Jala2}cB, Vall'ga, J'iucture of Jalap. 
 {Jalap, pulv. 5vi, Alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate 
 for 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It 
 may also be made by displacement. Cathartic. 
 Dose, f 5J to f 5iv. 
 
 TiNCTURA Jala'pii Compos'ita, Elixir Ja- 
 lap'cB Compos'itum seu jiurgans seu anthelmin'ti- 
 cum Sueco'rum, Essen'tia cathol'ica pjurgans Bo- 
 th'ii, (F.) Eau de vie Allemande. {Jalap. Ibss, 
 Scamnion. ^j, Alcohol. (22°) Ovj. Macerate for 
 eight days. Ph. P.) Dose, 60 to 100 drops. 
 
 TiNCTURA Japonica, Tinctura catechu — t. 
 Kinse kinse ajtherea composita, Tinctura cinehonse 
 agtherea composita — t. Kinkinse amara, Tinctura 
 cinchonae amara. 
 
 Tinctura Kino. Tincture of Kino. {Kino, in 
 pulv., ^vj ; Alcohol, dilut. q. s. Put the kino, 
 mixed with an equal bulk of sand, into a perco- 
 lator, and gradually pour on diluted alcohol 
 until f^viij of filtered liquor pass. The tincture 
 should be renewed frequently, and kept in closely 
 stopped bottles. Ph. tl. S.) Astringent. Dose, 
 f5J tof^ij. 
 
 Tinctu'ra KraMe'ri^, Tincture of Bhatany. 
 {Kramer, in pulv. ,^vj, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Mace- 
 rate for 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) 
 It may also be prepared by displacement. Dose, 
 
 Tinctura Lactcca'rii, Tincture of Lactuca'- 
 rium. {Lactucar. in pulv. ,^iv, *S};. tenuior. Oij. 
 (Imp. meas.) Best prepared by percolation. 
 Ph. E.) Dose, .30 minims to f ^j. 
 
 Tinctura Lauri Cinnajiomi, Tinctura cinna- 
 momi — t. Lavandulae composita, SpLritus lavand. 
 comp. 
 
 Tinctura Ltmo'nis, Tincture of Lemon peel. 
 {Limon. cort. ^:^iiiss, Sp. tenuior. Oij. (Imp. meas.) 
 Macerate for 7 days, express and filter. Ph. D.) 
 Dose, f3-j to f^ij. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Lobe'li^, Tincture of Lobelia. 
 {Lobel. ^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 
 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may 
 also be prepared by displacement. Dose, f^j 
 to f^ij. 
 
 Tinctura Lobe'li^ ^the'rea, Ethe'real Tinc- 
 ture of Lobe'lia. {Lobel. pulv. ^v, Sp. cBfher. 
 suljjh. Oij. (Imp. meas.) Ph. E. and L.) Dose, 
 same as the last. 
 
 Tinctura Lupuli, Tinctura Humuli, T. Lu- 
 pulinse. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Lupuli'n^, T. Lu'pjuli, {Ph. E.) 
 Tincture of Lu'puline. {Lu2iulin. ^iv, alcohol. 
 
TINCTURA 
 
 918 
 
 TINCTURA 
 
 Oij. Macerate for 14 days, and filter. Ph. TJ. S.) 
 Dose, f 3J to f^ij. 
 
 TiNCTURA LvTT.E.Tincturacantharidis — t. Mar- 
 tis Glauberi, see Ferrum tartarizatum — t. Martis 
 in spiritll salis, Tinctura ferri muriatis — t. Martis 
 Mynsichti, Tinctura ferri ammoniata — t. Martis 
 vinosa, Vinum ferri. 
 
 Tinctura Matico, Tincture of ilatico. [Matico 
 in pulv. crass. §viij, (avoird.) Sp. tenuior. Oij. 
 (Imp. meas.) Macerate for 14 days, express, 
 and filter. Ph. D.) Dose, fjj to f giij. 
 
 Tinctura Mblampodii, Tinctura hellebori 
 nigri — t. Meloes vesicatorii, Tinctura cantharidis 
 — t. Metallorum, Lilium Paracelsi — t. Mimosse 
 catechu, Tinctura catechu. 
 
 Tinctura Moschi, Tincture or Usuence of Hush. 
 (Mosch. in pulv. redact. 3'J- *i^- "''"' '"*'*• ^J* 
 Dose, f 3J to {^iv. 
 
 Tinctura Myrrhs, Tincture of ^fyrrli, Simple 
 Tincture of Myrrh. {JIi/rrhcB contusas §iv, alco- 
 hol Oiij. Macerate for 14 days, and filter. Ph. 
 U. S.) Tonic, deobstruent, antiseptic, and deter- 
 gent. It is chiefly used in gargles, and applied 
 to foul ulcers, spongy gums, &c. 
 
 Hudson's Preservative for the Teeth and Gums 
 consists of Tinct. myrrh., tinct. cinch,, aq. cinnam. 
 aa ^iij, eau d'arquebusade ^j, pulv. c/um. Arab. 
 ^ss. M. 
 
 Tinctura Nervina Bestucheffii, Tinctura 
 seu alcohol sulphurieo-ifithereus ferri — t. Nervina 
 Halensis, Tinctura seu alcohol sulphurico-£ethe- 
 reus ferri — t. Nervino-tonica, Lamotte's, Alcohol 
 seu Tinctura sulphurico-sethereus ferri. 
 
 Tinctura Nucis Vom'ic^e, Tincture of Nux 
 Vomica. (Alcohol, s. g. 8.37, f,^ j ; Dri/ Extract 
 of Nux Vomica, 3 gr.) Dose, gtt. v to xxs, in 
 cases where the nux vomica is indicated. 
 
 It is directed, in the last edition of the Ph. U. 
 S. (1851), to be prepared as follows : — Nucis vo- 
 miccB rasur., ^^''J > nlcohol, Oij. Macerate for 
 14 days, express, and filter. It may also be pre- 
 pared by the process of displacement. Dose, gtt. 
 V to XX. 
 
 Tinctura Olei Mentha Piperi't^, Tincture 
 of Oil of Peppermint, Essence of Peppermint. 
 (01. menthcB piperitcs. f.^ij. alcohol. Oj. Dissolve. 
 Ph. U. S.) Dose, 5 drops, as a carminntive. 
 
 Tinctura Olei Mentha Vir'idis, Tincture of 
 Spearmint, Essence of Spearmint, is made in the 
 same manner. Ph. TJ. S. 
 
 Tinctura O'pii, T. Theba'ica seu Sedati'va, 
 Theriaca cceles'tis, Al'cohol cum Opio, Tincture 
 of Oinum, Liquid Lau'danum. (Opii pulv. 
 gijss, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, 
 express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) Nineteen minims 
 contain about one grain of opium. Properties, 
 those of opium. Dose, gtt. xx to Ix and more. 
 By macerating the dregs remaining after making 
 the Tinctura Opii in a solution of Tartaric Acid, 
 a solution is obtained, which is said to be devoid 
 of the exciting and constipating properties of the 
 tincture of opium. Gray calls it Haden's Liquor 
 Opii Sedati' inia. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Opii Aceta'ta, Ac"etated Tincture 
 of Opium. (Opii §ij ; aceti, f§xij ; alcohol. Oss. 
 Rub the opium with the vinegar; add the alco- 
 hol, and having macerated for 14 days, express 
 and filter. Ph. U. S.) Twenty drops are equi- 
 valent to a grain of opium. 
 
 Tinctura Opii Ajimokia'ta, Ammo'niated Tinc- 
 ture of Opium, Edinburgh Paregor'io Elix'ir. 
 [Flor. benz., croci, aa J^iij, opii I^ij, ol anisi ^ss, 
 alcohol, ammoniat. f^xvj. Digest. Ph. E.) 
 f l^j contains one grain of opium. Used like the 
 Tinctura Camphorce Compiosita. 
 
 Tinctura Opii Camphorata, Tinctura cam- 
 phoras composita — t. Plumbosa, Liquor Plumbi 
 subacetatis dilutus. 
 
 Tinctura Quas'si^, T. Quassia excel'sm, 
 
 Tincture of Quassia. (Quassim rasur. ^ij, al- 
 cohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, 
 and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may also be prepared 
 by displacement. Tonic. Dose, f ^j to f^'j- 
 
 Tinctura Quas'sijg Compos'ita, Compound 
 Tincture of Quas'sia (Cardam. sem. contus., 
 Cocci contus. aa §ss; Cinnam., Quassice, aa 5^'J J 
 Uvar pasar, ,^vij; Sp. tenuior. Oij (Imp. meas.). 
 Digest for 7 days ; express and filter. May bg 
 prepared also by percolation. Ph. E.) Dose, as 
 a tonic, f^j or f^ij- 
 
 Tinctur.e QuiNjE Compos'ita, Compound Tinc- 
 ture of Qui'na. (Quiniw sulph, ^v and Qj > 
 Tinct. aurantii, Oij, (Imp. meas.) Oij. Digest for 
 7 days and filter. Ph. L.) f^j, contains a grain 
 of the sulphate. 
 
 Tinctura Qui'nIjS Sulpha'tis, Tincture of 
 Sulphate of Qui'nia. (Sulphate of Quinia, gr. vj ; 
 cdcohol, (-847) f I j. M.) Dose, fgj to f^iv, in 
 the day. 
 
 Tinctura Cincho'nicB SuIpTia'tis may be made 
 in a similar manner. 
 
 TiNCTtTRA Rhabarbari, Tinctura rhei — t. Rha- 
 barbari composita, Tinctura rhei composita — t. 
 Rhabarbari vinosa, Yinum rhei palmati. 
 
 Tinctura Rhei, T. Rhabarb'ctri seu Rhabar- 
 bari spirituo'sa seu Elicei seu Rhei palma'ti, Tinc- 
 ture of Rhubarb. (Rhei contus. ^iij, cardam. 
 cont. ^ss, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 
 days, express, and filter. It may also be pre- 
 pared by displacement. Ph. U. S) Stomachic 
 or purgative, according to the dose employed : 
 f^j to gij, as a stomachic^ f^i^ to ^j, as a pur- 
 gative. 
 
 Tinctura Rhei Cojipos'ita, T. Rhabarbari 
 composita. Compound Tincture of Rhubarb. (Rhei 
 rad. concis. ^ij, glycyrrhiz. rad. eont. jss, zin- 
 gib. rad. concis., croci stigmat. aa 3'J' o^'^B 
 f^xij, sjj. ten. Oj. Ph. L.) Properties same as 
 the last. 
 
 Tinctura Rhei et Al'oes, Elixir sacrum., 
 Tincture of Rhubarb and Aloes. (Rhei concis. 
 ^x, aloes pulv. ^vj, cardam. cont. ^ss, alcohol, 
 dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and 
 filter. Ph. U. S.) Properties like the last. 
 
 Rymer's Car'diac Tincture consists of an infu- 
 sion of Capsicum, Camphor, Cardamom seeds, 
 Rhubarb, Aloes and Castor in Proof Spirit, with 
 a very small quantity of Sulphuric Acid. 
 
 Tinctura Rhei et Gentia'n^e, Tinctura Rhei 
 Ama'ra, Tincture of Rliubarh with Gen'tian. 
 (Rhei cont. ^ij, gentian, cont. ^ss, alcohol, dilut. 
 Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express and filter. 
 Ph. U. S.) It may also be prepared by displace- 
 ment. Properties same as the last. 
 
 Tinctura Rhei et Senn^e, Tincture of Rhu- 
 barb and Senna, Warner's Gout Cordial. (Rhei 
 cont. ^j, senncB, 3'J' coriandr. cont., fcenicul. 
 cont. aa ^j, santal. rasur. ^ij, croci, ext. glycyr- 
 rhiz. rad. aa ,^ss, uvar. passar. acinis exemptis, 
 Ibss, alcohol, dilut. Oiij. Macerate for 14 daysj 
 express and filter. Ph. U. S.) Dose, f^ss to 
 
 f^ij- 
 
 Tincttjra Rhcei, Tinctura rhei — t. Rhoei 
 amara, Tinctura rhei et gentianae — t. Sacra, Vi- 
 num aloes. 
 
 Tinctura Sanguina'ri.?;, Tincture of Blood- 
 root. (Sanguinar. cont. Sjiv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. 
 Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. 
 S.) It may also be prepared by displacement. 
 Dose, 30 to 60 drops. 
 
 Tinctura Saponis Camphorata, Linimentum 
 saponis — t. Saponis et opii, Linimentum saponis 
 et opii. 
 
 Tinctura Scilljb, Tincture of Squill. (Sci/lce 
 ^iy, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, 
 express, and filter. It may also be made by dis- 
 placement. Ph. U. S.) Dose, gtt. XV to Ix. 
 
 Tinctura Sedatita, Tinctura opii. 
 
TINCTURE 
 
 919 
 
 TINCTURE 
 
 TiNCTURA Senn^, T. SemxB Compos'ita, Elixir 
 Salii'lis, Daffi/'s Elixir, Tincture of Senna. {Sen- 
 na foL §iij, cariii sem. cont. 3'U» cardam. sem. 
 cont. Jj, iivarmn passurum demptis acinis, 3^^'> 
 sp. ten. Oij. Ph. L. & D.) Stomcachic, carmina- 
 tive and cathartic. Dose, f^ij to f^j. 
 
 Tincture SenNvE et Jala'p^, Tincture of 
 Senna and Jalap. [Sennce ^ii.ii jalap, pulv. ^j, 
 coriandr. cont., carui cont., aa ^ss, cardam. cont. 
 gij, sacch. ^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oiij. Macerate for 
 14 daj's, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may 
 also be prepared by displacement. Dose, fgij 
 to f gj. 
 
 TiNCTURA Serpenta'rIvE, T. Serpenta' ri(B seu 
 Yirginia'ncB seu Aristolochi'cB Serpjentaricp., Tinc- 
 ture of Snakerooot. (Pad. serpent, ^iij, alcohol, 
 dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and 
 filter. Ph. U. S.) It may also be prepared by 
 displacement. Tonic. Dose, fjss to f^U- 
 
 TiNCTURA Stomachica, Tinctura cardamomi 
 composita. 
 
 TiNCTURA Stramo'nii, Tincture of Stramo'- 
 nium. (Stramon. sem. cont. ^iv, alcohol, dibit. 
 Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter. 
 Ph. U. S.) It may also be prepared by displace- 
 ment. Dose, ten to twenty minims. 
 
 TiNCTURA Strych'ni^, Tincture of Strych'nia. 
 {Alcohol, s. g. '837, Oj, StrychnicB, gr. iij.) Dose, 
 6 drops to 24. Properties, those of strychnia. 
 
 Tinctura (seu Al'cohol) Sulphu'rico-j3Ethe- 
 EEUS Ferri, Gutta nervi'na, Liquor Anud'ynns 
 3Iartia'li8, Al'cohol athe'rens ferra'tns, NajA'tha 
 Vitrioli -Martia'lia, Solutio Muriatis ferrici athe- 
 rea, Spir'itus siil2}hurico-eBthe'reus martialis, 
 Tinctii'ra nervi'na Halen'sis seu Ton'ico-nervi'na 
 Halen'sis seu au'rea seu nervina Bestucheffii seu 
 nervino-ton'ica (Lamotte's) seu athe'rea ferri, 
 jEther Martia'lis, De La Matte's Golden Drops, 
 Bestucheff's Nervous Tincture, (F.) Elixir d' Or 
 de 3f. le General De La 3/otte. An ethereal solu- 
 tion of muriate of iron. It is much used in gout, 
 hypochondriasis, &g. 
 
 Tinctura Sulphuris Volatilis, Liquor fu- 
 mans Boylii — t. Thebaica, Tinctura opii, Vinum 
 opii. 
 
 Tinctura Toluip'er^ Bal'sami, T. ial'sami 
 Toluta'ni, T. Toluta'ni (Ph. U. S., 1842.), T. 
 Tohita'na (Ph. U. "i, 1851), Tincture of Balsam 
 of Tolu, {Bale. Tolutan. §iij, alcohol Oij.) Re- 
 puted to be expectorant and corroborant. Dose, 
 f 3Iss to f^j, or more. 
 
 Tinctura Tonica Nervina Halensis, Tinc- 
 tura (seu Alcohol) sulphurico-setherea ferri. 
 
 Tinctura Valeria'n^, Tincture of Valerian. 
 (Valerian, cont. §iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Mace- 
 rate for 14 days, express, and strain. It may 
 also be prepared by displacement. Ph. U. S.) 
 Stimulant and antispasmodic. Dose, f^ss to f^ij. 
 
 Tinctura Valeriana Ammonia'ta, T. Valeri- 
 ancB Volat'ilis, Ammo'niated or Volatile Tincture 
 of Valerian. ( Valeriana cont. ^iv, spi. amnion. 
 arom. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and 
 filter. It may also be made by displacement. 
 Ph. U. S.) Like the former. Dose, f,^ss to f^ij. 
 
 Tinctura Vkra'tri, T. Veratri alhi, Tincture 
 of White Hellebore. (Bad. veratri alb. cont. 
 ^viij, alcohol, dilut. Oijss. Ph. E.) Emetic and 
 cathartic; but not very manageable. Dose, gtt. 
 V to X. 
 
 Tinctura Zingib'eris, T. Amo'mi Zingiberis, 
 Tincture of Ginger. (Zingib. cont. ^viij, alcohol. 
 Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter. 
 It may also be made by displacement. Ph. U. S.) 
 Stimulant and carminative. Dose, f^ss to fX\. 
 
 TINCTURE, Tinctura— t. of Aconite, Tinetiira 
 aconiti — t. of Aconite root, Tinctura aconiti ra- 
 dicis — t. of Aloes, Tinctura aloes — t. of Aloes, 
 compound, Tinctura aloes composita — t. of Aloes, 
 ethereal, Tinctura aloes setherea — t. of Ammonia, 
 
 compound, Spiritus ammonite succinatus — t. of 
 Angustura, Tinctura angusturag — t. of Assafetida, 
 Tinctura assafoetidse — t. of Balsam of Tolu, Tinc- 
 tura toluifer^ balsami — t. of Bark, Tinctura ein- 
 chonce — t. of Bark, ammoniated, Tinctura cin- 
 chonEe ammoniata — t. of Bark, compound, Tinc- 
 tura cinchonae composita — t. of Bark, Iluxbam's, 
 Tinctura cinchonas composita — t. of Bark, vola- 
 tile, Tinctura cinchonas ammoniata — t. of Bella- 
 donna, Tinctura belladonnse — t. of Benzoin, com- 
 pound, Tinctura benzoini composita — t. Bestu- 
 cheff's, see Tinctura ferri muriatis — t. of Blistering 
 fly, Tinctura cantharidis — t. of Bloodroot, Tinc- 
 tura sanguinari* — t. of Buchu, Tinctura buchu 
 
 — t. of Camphor, compound, Tinctura camphorse 
 composita — t. of Cantharides, Tinctura cantha- 
 ridis — t. of Capsicum, Tinctura capsici — t. of 
 Cardamoms, Tinctura cardamomi — t. of Carda- 
 moms, compound, Tinctura cardamomi composita 
 
 — t. Cardiac, Rymer's, Tinctura rhei et aloes — t. 
 of Cascarilla, Tinctura cascarillae — t. of Castor, 
 Tinctura castorei — t. of Castor, compound, Tinc- 
 tura castorei composita — t. of Catechu, Tinctura 
 catechu — t. of Cayenne pepper, Tinctura capsici 
 
 — t. of Chiretta, Tinctura chirettse — t. of Cin- 
 chona, Tinctura cinchonae — t. of Cinchona, com- 
 pound, Tinctura einchonse composita — t. of Cin- 
 namon, Tinctura cinnamomi — t. of Cinnamon, 
 compound, Tinctura cinnamomi composita — t. of 
 Cochineal, Tinctura cocci cacti — t. of Colchicum, 
 compound, Spiritus colchici ammoniatus — t. of 
 Colchicum seeds, Tinctura colchici — t. of Colum- 
 bo, Tinctura calumbas — t. of Croton, Tinctura 
 crotonis — t. of Cubebs, Tinctura cubebse — t. of 
 Digitalis, Tinctura digitalis — t. of Ergot, Tinc- 
 tura ergotaB — t. of Ergot, ethereal, Tinctura er- 
 gotse aetherea — t. of Galbanum, Tinctura galbani 
 
 — t. of Galls, Tinctura gallarum — t. of Gentian, 
 compound, Tinctura gentianae composita — t. of 
 Ginger, Tinctura zingiberis — t. for the Gout, Dr. 
 Wilson's, see Colchicum autumnale— t. of Guaia- 
 cum, Tinctura guaiaci — t. of Guaiacum, ammo- 
 niated, Tinctura guaiaci ammoniata — t. of Guaia- 
 cum, volatile, Tinctura guaiaci ammoniata — t. 
 Hatfield's, see Tinctura guaiaci ammoniata — t. 
 of Hellebore, black, Tinctura hellebori — t. of 
 Hellebore, white, Tinctura veratri — t. of Hem- 
 lock, Tinctura conii — t. of Henbane, Tinctura 
 hyoscyami — t. of Hops, Tinctura humuli — t. of 
 Indian hemp, Tinctura cannabis Indicae — t. of 
 Iodine, Tinctura iodini — t. of Iodine, compound, 
 Tinctura iodini composita — t. of Iron, acetate of, 
 Tinctura ferri acetatis — t. of Iron, ammoniated, 
 Tinctura ferri ammoniata — t. of Iron, ammonio- 
 chloride of, Tinctura ferri ammonio-chloridi — t. 
 of Iron, muriated, Tinctura ferri muriatis — t. of 
 Jalap, Tinctura jalapii — t. of Kino, Tinctura kino 
 
 — t. Klaproth's, see Tinctura ferri muriatis — t. 
 of Lactucarium, Tinctura lactucarii — t. of Lemon 
 peel, Tinctura limonis — t. of Lobelia, Tinctura 
 lobelias — t. of Lobelia, ethereal, Tinctura lobeliae 
 setherea — t. of Ludwig, see Ferrum tartarizatum 
 • — t. of Lupuline, Tinctura lupulinse — t. of Matico, 
 Tinctura matico — t. of Musk, Tinctura mosehi — 
 t. of Myrrh, Tinctura myrrhas — t. Nervous, Bes- 
 tucheff's, Tinctura seu alcohol sulphurico-sethe- 
 reus ferri — t. of Nux vomica, Tinctura nucis 
 vomicas — t. of Oil of Peppermint, Tinctura olei 
 menthae piperitas — t. of Oil of Spearmint, Tinc- 
 tura olei menthae viridis — t. of Opium, Tinctura 
 opii — t. of Opium, acetated, Tinctura opii acetata 
 — t. of Opium, ammoniated, Tinctura opii ammo- 
 niata — t. of Opium, camphorated, Tinctura cam- 
 phorse composita. — t. of Orange peel, Tinctura 
 aurantii — t. of Quassia, Tinctura quassise — t. of 
 Quassia, compound, Tinctura quassias composita 
 
 — t. of Quinia, sulphate of, Tinctura quiniae sul- 
 phatis — t. of Quinia, compound, Tinctura quiniae 
 composita — t. of Rhatany, Tinctura kramerias — 
 
TINDER 
 
 920 
 
 TISSUE 
 
 t. of ETiuLarb, Tinctura rhei — t. of Rhubarb and 
 aloes, Tinctura rhei et aloes— t. of Rhubarb, com- 
 pound, Tinctura rhei composita — t. of Rhubarb 
 and gentian, Tinctura rhei et gentianse — t. of 
 Rhubarb and senna, Tinctura rhei et sennse — t. 
 of Saffron, Tinctura eroci sativi — t. of Saffron, 
 compound, Tinctura de croco composita — t. of 
 Senna, Tinctura sennse — t. of Senna and jalap, 
 Tinctura sennse et jalaps — t. of Snake root, Tinc- 
 tura serpentariae — t. of Soap, camphorated, Lin- 
 imentum saponis — t. of Spanish fly, Tinctura 
 cantharidis — t. of Spearmint, Tinctura olei men- 
 thae viridis — t. of Squill, Tinctura scilla — t. of 
 Steel, Tinctura ferri muriatis — t. Stomach, Tinc- 
 tura cardamom! composita — t. of Stramonium, 
 Tinctura stramonii — t. of Strychnia, Tinctura 
 strychniaa — t. for the Teeth, Greenough's, see 
 Spiritus armoracise compositus — t. Toothache, 
 Tinctura antiodontalgica — t. of Valerian, Tinctura 
 Valerianae — t. of Valerian, ammoniated, Tinctura 
 Talerianaa ammoniata — t. of Valerian, volatile, 
 Tinctura Valerianae ammoniata — t. of Wormwood, 
 compound, Tinctura absinthii composita. 
 
 TINDER, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 TINEA, Porrigo — t. Faciei, Porrigo larvalis — 
 t. Favosa, Porrigo favosa — t. Ficosa, Porrigo 
 scutulata — t. Furfuraeea, Porrigo furfurans — t. 
 Granulata, Porrigo scutulata, Porrigo lupinosa — 
 t. Lactea, Porrigo larvalis — t. Lupina, Porrigo 
 lupinosa — t. Mucosa, Porrigo lupinosa — t. Porri- 
 ginosa, Porrigo furfurans — t. Tarsi, Ophthalmia 
 tarsi — t. Tondens, Porrigo decalvans. 
 
 TING-LING, from tinnire, 'to jingle.' (Sc.) 
 Dirling. A sharp, purring or thrilling sensation, 
 not always painful. 
 
 TINKER'S WEED, Triosteum. 
 
 TINKLING, METALLIC, Tlntement metal- 
 lique. 
 
 TINNIMENTUM METALLICUM, Tintement 
 metalUqne. 
 
 TINNPTUS AU'RIUM, {tinnio, tinnitum, 'to 
 tinkle,') ' ringing of the ears.' Fluctuo'tio seu 
 Son'itus seu Sueur'rus seu Sib'ili(8 seu Strep'itus 
 seu Sibilismus au'rium, Paraeu'sis imacjina'ria, 
 Ote'chus, Syrig'nms, Syring'mos, Sibilus clango'- 
 sus, Echos, Eneche'nia, Bomhus, Bomhltatio, Mur- 
 mur, (F.) Tintement, T. d' Oreille, Tintomn, Boiir- 
 donnement, Bruissement. An imaginary sound, 
 like the ringing of a bell, the noise of wind, the 
 murmur of water, &c., heard in health and in sick- 
 ness. It is, often, an accompaniment of cerebral 
 disorder. 
 
 TINTE3fENT, Tinnitus aurium— «. Bullaire, 
 T. metalliqiie. 
 
 TINTEMENT METALLIQ UE (F.), Gliquetis 
 metalliqiie, Tintement bullaire, Tinni men' turn me- 
 tal'licum, Conor stethoscop'ieus, Metallic Respira- 
 tion, Metallic Voice, Metallic Tinkling. A par- 
 ticular noise, heard by the stethoscope when ap- 
 plied to the chest, and which, according to La- 
 ennec, resembles that caused by striking glass, 
 metal, or porcelain, with a pin ; but is, perhaps, 
 more like the sound of the keys of a musical 
 snuff-box. The tintement metallique or metallic 
 tinlcling is heard on causing the patient to speak 
 or breathe ; but is more distinct when he coughs. 
 When the phenomenon is not so strongly marked, 
 it produces only the metallic resonance. The 
 'metallic tinkling' is a pathognomonic symptom 
 of a communication between the bronchia and 
 cavity of the chest; in other words, of Pneumo- 
 thorax. 
 
 TINTEMENT D' OREILLE, Tinnitus au- 
 rium. 
 
 TINTINNABULUM, Uvula. 
 
 TINTOUIN, Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 TIPFOOT, see Kyllosis. 
 
 TIPSARIA, Decoctum hordei. 
 
 TIRE-BALLE, Forceps (bullet.) 
 
 TIRE-FOND (F.). A surgical instrument, 
 formerly used to elevate the piece of bone sawed 
 off by the trephine. 
 
 TIRE-PUS, Pyulcon. 
 
 TIRE-T£TE (F.). a name given to different 
 instruments used for extracting the head of the 
 child when left in the uterus, and in certain cases 
 of difSeult labour. The crotchet is one of those, 
 as well as the Tire-tete a, bascule of Levret, Ac. 
 
 TIRES, Milk sickness. 
 
 TISANE, Pti'sana or Ptis'sana, Pfisane, from 
 TTTicat/T], 'pearl barle}',' itself from TtTiaao), 'I de- 
 corticate.' (F.) Hydroli. A name given to 
 aqueous medicines, containing but little, if any, 
 medicinal agent. The ancients gave the name 
 particularly to the decoction of barley. 
 
 TISANE COMMUNE, Decoctum hordei. 
 
 TISANE DE FELTZ. A celebrated anti- 
 sypihilitic, formed of sarsaparilla, isinglass, sul- 
 phuret of antimony and water, boiled together. 
 According to some, bichloride of mercury; and, 
 to others, arsenic enters into its composition. M. 
 Rayer, supposing that it acts by the arsenic it con- 
 tains, proposes to replace it by arseniate of potassa; 
 and Guibourt, who is of the same opinion, by ar- 
 senious acid, in order to ensure certainty of action. 
 
 TISIC, Phthisis. 
 
 TISICAL, Phthisicus. 
 
 TISSICK, see Phthisic. 
 
 TISSU, Tissue — t. Accidental, see Accidental, 
 and Tissue, accidental — t. Cavernenx, Cavernous 
 texture — t. Celluleux des as, Cancelli — t. Conjonc- 
 tif, Cellular tissue — t. Inodulaire, Tissue, inodu- 
 lar — t. Jaune, see Fibrous — t. Lardace, see Lar- 
 daceous — t. Spongoide, Spongoid tissue. 
 
 TISSUE, Textus, Tela, (F.) Tissu. By this 
 term, in anatomy, is meant the various parts, 
 which, by their union, form the organs ; and are, 
 as it were, their anatomical elements. Histological 
 anatomy is the anatomy of the tissues, which are 
 the seat of the investigations of the pathological 
 anatomist. The best division, indeed, of diseases 
 would be according to the tissues mainly impli- 
 cated. For the elementary tissues, see Fibre. 
 The coropound tissues, which, by associating or 
 combining variously, form every organ of the 
 body, have been variously classed : but every 
 division is imperfect and liable to objection. The 
 following, by Messrs. Todd and Bowman, is one 
 of the most recent. 
 
 Tabulae, View of the Tissues of 
 
 HE Human Body. 
 Examples. 
 
 Posterior layer of 
 the cornea. — Cap- 
 sule of the lens. — 
 Sarcolemma of 
 
 1. Simple memlDrane, homogene- 
 
 ous, or nearly so, employed 
 alone, or in the formation of 
 compound membranes. j ^^^^^^^ ^ 
 
 2. Filamentous Tissues, the ele-] White and yellow 
 
 ments of which are real or > fibrous tissues. — 
 apparent filaments. J Areolar tissue. 
 
 3. Compound membranes, com- 
 
 posed of simple membrane 
 and a layer of cells of various 
 forms, (epithelium or epider- 
 mis.) or of areolar tissue and 
 epithelium. 
 
 4. Tissues which retain the pri- 
 
 mitive areolar structure as 
 their permanent character. 
 
 5. Sclerous or hard tissue. 
 
 6. Compound tissues. 
 a. Composed of tubes of homoge-") 
 
 neous membrane, containing VMuscle. — Nerve, 
 a peculiar substance. j 
 
 6. Composed of white fibrous tis- ) t,., , ., 
 
 sues and cartOage. j Fibro-cartilage. 
 
 Tissue, Accidental or Adventitious, consists 
 of every substance — foreign to the primitive or- 
 ganization of the economy, but yet organized and 
 living — which may be developed in the anterior 
 or at the surface of organs. Laennec divides the 
 accidental tissues into two sections : 1. Those 
 
 Mucous membrane 
 — ■ Skin. — True or 
 secreting glands. 
 — Serous and syn- 
 ovial membranes. 
 
 Adipose tissue. — 
 Cartilage. — Gray 
 nervous matter. 
 
 Bone. — Teeth. 
 
TIT 
 
 921 
 
 TONGUE 
 
 that resemble others in the animal economy, or 
 analogous accidental tissues ; and, 2. Those that 
 have nothing analogous in the body, and which 
 are always the result of a morbid process — the 
 heterologous or heteroclite accidental tissues. To 
 the first class belong, ossifications; accidental 
 fibrous, fibro-cartilaginous, cartilaginous, areolar, 
 and corneous tissues; hairs; the serous mem- 
 branes of certain encysted tumours; the mucous 
 membranes of fistulous canals, and accidental 
 synovial membranes. To the second belong tu- 
 bercles, scirrhi, melanosis, <i;c. 
 
 Tissue, Areolak, Cellular tissue. 
 
 TiSSCE, CartilAg"inOUS, Hi/menocTiondro' des 
 seu Hijmenochondro'i' des (Textura seu Tela.) 
 
 Tissue, Connective, Cellular tissue — t. Crib- 
 riform, Cellular tissue — t. Fibrous, see Fibrous — 
 t. Filamentous, Cellular tissue. 
 
 Tissue Formation, Histogeny. 
 
 Tissue, Inod'ular, Tela inodula'ris, (F.) Ino- 
 dule, Tissii inodulaire. A name given by Del- 
 pech to an accidental fibrous tissue developed in 
 suppurating wounds, which is the principal agent 
 in cicatrization. It has, at first, the appearance 
 of a reddish cellulo-fibrous layer; but soon loses 
 its vascularity ; and its fibres, which pass in all 
 directions, become of a dull white colour, and of 
 a consistence and hardness, that may be com- 
 pared to those of the strongest articular liga- 
 ments. It is well seen in the cicatrix left after 
 burns. 
 
 Tissue, Laminated, Cellular tissue — t. Liga- 
 mentous, Desmoid tissue — t. Mucous, Cellular 
 tissue — t. Porous, Cellular tissue— t. Reticulated, 
 Cellular tissue. 
 
 TIT, Nipple. 
 
 TITHEXE, Nurse. 
 
 TITHYilALUS CTPARISSIAS, Euphorbia 
 cyparissias — t. Lathyris, Euphorbia lathyris — t. 
 Latifolius, Euphorbia lathyris — t. Palustris, Eu- 
 phorbia palustris — t. Paralias, Euphorbia para- 
 lias. 
 
 TITILLAMENTUM, Gargarism. 
 
 TITILLATION, Tickling. 
 
 TITTHE, Nipple. 
 
 TITTHION, Nipple. 
 
 TITTHIS, Nipple. 
 
 TITTHOS, Mamma, Nipple. 
 
 TITTY, Mamma, Nipple. 
 
 TITUBANTIA, Bredouillement. 
 
 TITUBATIO, Fidgets, Vacillatio— t. Lingua;, 
 Balbuties. 
 
 TJETTEK, Upas tieute. 
 
 TO-AND-FRO-SOUND, Bruit de frotteraent. 
 
 TOAD-FLAX, Antirhinum linaria — t. f. Bas- 
 tard, Comandra umbellata. 
 
 TOAST-AVATER, Aqua tostcB panis. Toast 
 well half a slice of a stale quartern loaf; put it 
 into a pitcher, and pour over it a quart of water. 
 After two hours, decant the water from the bread. 
 It is a common drink in febrile affections. 
 
 TOBACCO, Nicotiana tabacum — t. English, 
 Nicotiana rustica — t. Indian, Lobelia inflata — 
 t. Poison, Hyoscyamus niger — t. Wild, Lobelia 
 inflata, Nicotiana rustica. 
 
 TOCETOS, Parturition. 
 
 TOCODOMYCODORITIS MALIGNA VAGI- 
 NALIS, Colpocace puerperarum. 
 
 TOCOLOGY, Obstetrics. 
 
 TOCOS, Parturition. 
 
 TODDY. A name given, by the English, to 
 sweet, delicious and refreshing liquors procured 
 in India by wounding the spathm of certain 
 palms. The best is obtained from the Cocos nu- 
 cifera. — Ainslie. 
 
 It is obtained in large quantities from Sague'- 
 rus sac'chari/er seu Ramphii, Palma In'dica vi- 
 na'ria secun'da, Sague'rus seu Gomu'tus Gomu'to, 
 
 ' Aren'ga saccliarif era, Gomuto palm. It is called, 
 also, Neva, and, by boiling, yields a coarse kind 
 of sugar, called Jaggery. The inhabitants of the 
 Moluccas used, in their wars, a liquor obtained 
 by macerating the fruit, which the Dutch called 
 Hell water. Aqua inferna'lis. 
 
 Toddy is also the common name for a mixture 
 of spirit and water sweetened. 
 
 Toddy Tree, Mamei. 
 
 TOE, Digitus pedis. 
 
 TOEPLITZ, see Toplitz. 
 
 TOFUS, Tophus. 
 
 TOILE B'ARAIGNEE, Araneee tela— f. Cho- 
 rdidienne, see Choroid — t. de Gautier, Sparadra- 
 pum Galteri. 
 
 TOKAS, Puerpera. 
 
 TOKEN, PLAGUE, Plague token. 
 
 TOKOLOGY, Obstetrics. 
 
 TOLA, Tonsil. 
 
 TOL'ERANCE, Toleran'tia; from toUrare, 'to 
 bear.' The power of bearing. A word used by 
 the Italian school of Rasori, to signify the power 
 of bearing large doses of certain potent remedies, 
 as tartrate of antimony and potassa. See Con- 
 tro-stimulus. 
 
 TOLLS, Tonsil. 
 
 TOLIUM, TonsiL 
 
 TOLLES, Tonsil. 
 
 TOLLUM, Tonsil. 
 
 TOLUIF'ERA BAL'SAMUM, Jilyrox'ylon seu 
 Jilyrospicrmum Toluif erurn. Ord. Leguminosae. 
 Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia. The name of 
 the tree which affords the Balsam of Tolu, Bal- 
 samum Toluta'num (Ph. U. S.), Toluta'num, To- 
 luif erce Balsami Balsamum, Goac'onaz, Red Bal- 
 sam of Peru, (F.) Baume de Tolu, B. de Cartha- 
 gene ou d'Amerique ou de Saint Thomas. It has 
 a very fragrant odour, and warm, sweetish taste ; 
 is thick, and of a reddish-yellow colour. It is 
 stimulant and expectorant [?], and is used in 
 coughs. It is chiefly, however, employed on ac- 
 count of its flavour. 
 
 TOLUTANUM, see Toluifera balsamum. 
 
 TOMACINUM, Isicium. 
 
 TOMACULUM, Isicium. 
 
 TOMATA, Solanum lycopersicum. 
 
 TOMATO, Solanum lycopersicum. 
 
 TOME, Tom' us, Tofirj, Toiiog, 'incision.' A com- 
 mon suffix, as in lAihotomy, Bronchofo//)?/, &c. 
 
 To^^E, Cut, Incision. 
 
 TOMEION, Knife. 
 
 TOMEX'TUM CER'EBRL from tomentum, 'a 
 flock of wool.' The infinite number of small ves- 
 sels which pass between the pia mater and con- 
 volutions of the brain. They enter the substance 
 of the brain at right angles. 
 
 TOMEUS, Knife. 
 
 TOMIS, Scissors. 
 
 TOMOTOCIA. Cfesarean section. 
 
 TOM-TOE, PoUex, see Digitus pedis. 
 
 TONE, Tonus, Tovoi, from tovow, 'I brace or 
 give vigour.' The state of tension or firmness 
 proper to each organic tissue. It is the efiect of 
 tonicity. 
 
 Tone, see Elasticity. 
 
 TONGA, see Datura sanguinea. 
 
 TONGRES, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 town of Tongres is about a league from Maes- 
 tricht in the Low Countries. The springs, of 
 which there are several, are chalybeate, contain- 
 ing carbonates of iron and magnesia. 
 
 TONGUE, Sax. tuns, (D.) Tong, Lingua, 
 Glossa, Glotta, (F.) Langue. The tongue is a 
 muscular, symmetrical, and very mobile organ ; 
 situate in the mouth, from the os hyoides and 
 epiglottis to the incisor teeth. Its particular use 
 is, to procure the sensation of savours; and it 
 aids in the acts of sucking, mastication, degluti- 
 tion, pronunciation, and exspuition. It has the 
 
TONIC 
 
 922 
 
 TOOTH 
 
 shape of a pyramid, flattened above and below ; 
 rounded at its angles, and terminated, anteriorly, 
 by a blunt point. Its upper surface, called the 
 dorsum, is free, flat, and divided into two portions 
 by a median furrow, lin'ea media'na; at the pos- 
 terior extremity of which is the foramen cascum 
 or Foramen of Ilorgagni. The inferior surface 
 is free, and covered by the mucous membrane on 
 its anterior third and sides : but behind and in 
 the middle it is attached to the lower jaw by 
 means of the genio-glossus ; and to the hyoides 
 by the hyoglossus. Its margins are rounded; 
 thicli behind, thinner anteriorly. Its tip, or point, 
 or dental extremity is rounded and free: — the 
 root, base, or hyoid extremity, Radix lingum, is 
 continuous with the epiglottis and velum palati. 
 It is very thick at the foramen caecum ; but thin- 
 ner as it approaches the hyoid bone. The tongue 
 is composed of muscles, and covered by a mucous 
 membrane — Periglot'tis, Involu'crnm lingucB, 
 Memhra'na seu Tu'nica vaginu'lis seu Cutis seu 
 Epider' mis seu Tu'nica seu Tnvoln'crum muco'sum 
 seu Crusta villo'sa lingucB—vih\ch forms also the 
 frsenum beneath the tongue. On this membrane 
 are seen the different papillcB. The nerves of the 
 organ proceed from the inferior maxillary, glosso- 
 pharyngeal and hypoglossal. The first and second 
 are connected with taste; the last with the mo- 
 tions of the organ. Some recent observers, how- 
 ever, consider the glosso-pharyngeal to be the 
 special nerve of gustation. The arteries are the 
 lingual, from the external carotid; and the pala- 
 tine and tonsillar, from the labial. The veins 
 are the snperficialis linguae, ranina, lingualis, and 
 suhmentalis. They open into those of the pharynx 
 and larynx. Its lymphatic vessels pass into gang- 
 lia, situate at the edge of the hyoglossi muscles. 
 
 Tongue, Black. A fever which prevailed in 
 the Western States in the winter of 1842-3 ; pro- 
 bably typhoid fever. According to some, an epi- 
 demic erysipelas. 
 
 Tongue, Hernia of the, Glossocele — t. In- 
 flammation of the, Glossitis — t. Red, fever, see 
 Typhus. 
 
 Tongue Scraper, Cure-langne — t. Tie, see 
 Ankyloglossum. 
 
 TON'IC, Ton'icus, (F.) Tonique. Same ety- 
 mon as Tone. Relating to tone. 
 
 Tonic, Ton'icus, Tono'ticus, Antasthen'icus, (F.) 
 Tonique, Fortifiant, in Therapeutics, means a 
 medicine, which has the power of exciting slowly, 
 and by insensible degrees, the organic actions of 
 the difi"erent systems of the animal economy, and 
 of augmenting their strength in a durable man- 
 ner. Bitter, vegetable substances which are not 
 associated with an acrid or narcotic principle ; 
 preparations of iron ; cold water, &c., act as 
 tonics. They are also called Comfortan'tia, Con- 
 fortati'va, Corroboran'tia, Conjirman' tia, Roho- 
 ran'tia, &c. 
 
 The following are the chief Tonics: — Acidum 
 Arseniosum, Acidum Nitricum, Acidum Sulphu- 
 ricum, Argenti Nitras, Bismuthi Subnitras, Carbo 
 Ligni, Cascarilla, Cinchona, Cinchonia, Colomba, 
 Cornus Florida, Cupri Acetas, Cupri Sulphas, 
 Cuprum ammoniatum, Cusparia, Eupatorium per- 
 foliatum, Ferri Prceparata, Gentiana, Lirioden- 
 dron, Lupulina, Piperina, Prunus Virginiana, 
 Quassia, Quinia, Salix, Salicina, Serpentaria, Zinci 
 praeparata ; Aquae minerales acidulaj et ferrugi- 
 niae, Mental Tonics, (Confidence, Hope, Amuse- 
 ment.) 
 
 Tonic Power> Irritability. 
 
 Tonic Spasm, Spasmus ton'icus, Convul'sio to- 
 nica, Conductio, Spas'ficns, Tonos, Ento'nia, En'- 
 tasis, Enta'sia. A rigid contraction of muscles 
 without relaxation, as in trismus, tetanus, &g. 
 See Tetanus and Spasm. 
 
 TONICITY, Tonic"itas. Same etymon as 
 
 Tone. The faculty that determines the general 
 tone of the solids. Excessive tonicity cause.s 
 er'ethism or crispness; deficient tonicity, atony 
 or loeakness. Tonicity ha,s been used in the same 
 sense as irritability. 
 
 TONIQUE, Tonic. 
 
 TONKA BEAN, Dipterix odorata. 
 
 TONODES, Tensive. 
 
 TONOS, Tonic spasm — t. Trismus, Trismus. 
 
 TONOTICUS, Tonic. 
 
 TONSIL, Tonsil'la, Amyg'dala, Paristh'mia, 
 Pariath'mium, Amphibran'chiwm, Glan'dula colli, 
 Tola, Tolles, Tales, To'lium, Tollum, Spongos, 
 An'tias, Pl. Anti'ades, Almond of the ear, Almond 
 of the throat, (F.) Amygdale, Tonsille, (Prov.) 
 Ear-keeker. An ovoid collection of follicles, 
 about half an inch in length, similar in shape to 
 an almond, and situate, on each side, between 
 the pillars of the velum palati. The inner sur- 
 face, projecting into the isthmus of the throat, is 
 covered by the mucous membrane, in which are 
 the orifices of a dozen cells, whence a transparent, 
 viscid mucus oozes on pressure. This mucus is 
 destined to facilitate deglutition, by lubricating 
 the isthmus faucium; and is forced out during 
 the passage of the alimentary bolus. 
 
 TONSIL-OUILLOTINE, Amygdalatome. 
 
 TONSILLE PESTILENTES, Cynanche ma- 
 ligna. 
 
 TONSILLARUM GANGR^NA, Cynanche 
 maligna. 
 
 TONSILLE, Tonsil. 
 
 TONSILLIT'IC, Tonsillit'icus. Belonging or 
 relating to the tonsils ; as the 'tonsillitio branches 
 of the glosso-pharyngeal nerve.' 
 
 TONSILLITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
 
 TONSILLOTOME, Amygdalatome. 
 
 TONSOBIUS CULTER, Razor. 
 
 TOODLE, Tooth. 
 
 TOOTH. Sax. T0^,'Den8, Odous, (Prov.) Too- 
 dle, (F.) Be7it. The teeth, Bentes, Mord'ices, are 
 small, hard bones, fixed in the alveoli of each 
 jaw, and serving to lay hold of, and to cut, tear,, 
 and triturate alimentary substances. True teeth 
 are found only in man, the mammalia, reptiles, 
 and fish. The teeth have, in general, the shape 
 of an irregular cone, the base of which is towards 
 the interior of the mouth ; and the apex, single 
 or divided, towards the bottom of the alveoli. 
 Each tooth has a part situate out of the alveolus, 
 and covered by a vitriform substance. This part 
 is called the croivn or coro'na. It is bounded by 
 a narrower portion, called the cervix, (F.) collet, 
 which separates it from the portion in the alveo- 
 lus — the fang or root, (F.) racine. In the adult, 
 the teeth are .32 in number; 16 to each jaw: 
 these consist of 4 incisors, 2 canine, 4 bicuspidati, 
 a.nd 6 molares. (See these various terms.) The 
 teeth enclose a vascular and nervous pulp, in a 
 central cavity, Cav'itaa Pulpcp., Cavum Dentis, 
 Antrum denta'le. They are formed of a very 
 hard, compact tissue; and the corona is covered 
 by a vitreous substance called Enam'el. The 
 incisor and canine teeth are developed by a sin- 
 gle point of ossification ; the lesser molares, by 
 two; and the larger, by four or five. See Denti- 
 tion. Researches by Retzius, Miiller and others, 
 have led them to believe that the ivory of the 
 tooth or Dentine, Ebur, Substan'tia os'sea of Mal- 
 pighi, 2i''op^>' tooth substance, bone, of tlie tooth, 
 osseous substance of tooth, tooth bone, consists of 
 tubular fibres, which contain organic deposits of 
 calcareous salts; and of intertubular substance, 
 in which are observed corpuscles or osseous cells 
 of the tooth, called, by Professor Owen, calcig"- 
 erous cells, -which also contain earthy salts. At 
 the part where the enamel terminates at the cer- 
 vix of the tooth, the crusta petro'sa, cemen'tum or 
 cortical substance, commences in an extremely 
 
TOOTH-ACH 
 
 923 
 
 TORULA CEREVISI^ 
 
 ttin stratum, passes down and gradually in- 
 creases in thickness towards the extremity of the 
 root, where it is generally the thickest. It is 
 said by Nasmyth to have been traced on the ena- 
 mel, and Purkinje and Erankel thought that it 
 lined the cavitas pulpse. They gave it the name 
 Substantia osto'idea. It is the inate'ria tarta'rea 
 of Malpighi. It has been found, however, that 
 the hard substance deposited on the inner sur- 
 face of the dentine, at the age of twenty years or 
 later, and which encroaches on the cavity, has a 
 distinct structure from the cement, and resembles 
 in part dentine, and in part bone. It is the horny 
 substance of Blumenbach, the osteodeniine of 
 Owen, and the secondary dentine of Tomes. In 
 the compound teeth of the herbivorous animal, a 
 deposition is found on the surface of the enamel, 
 which has been called cementum. Miiller, how- 
 ever, regards it to be a deposit from the salts and 
 the saliva, and to be essentially the same as what 
 is called tartar in the human subject. 
 
 TOOTH-ACH, Odontalgia— t. Bone, see Tooth 
 
 — t. Bush, Xanthoxylum fraxineum — t. Tree, 
 Aralia spinosa, Xanthoxylum clava Herculis. 
 
 TOOTH EDGE, Agacement des dents, Haemo- 
 dia — t. Paste, Dentifricium — t. Powder, Denti- 
 frice — t. Rash, Strophulus — t. Shell, dog-like, 
 Dentalium. 
 
 TOPHA'CEOUS, TopTm'ceus, (F.) Tophace ; 
 from toi^hus. Relating or bfllonging to tophus, — 
 as 'a tophaceous concretion.' 
 
 TOPHACEOUS CONCRETION, Topbus. 
 
 TOPHUS, Totpog, Tofus, 'a porous or friable 
 stone.' Osteot'ophus, Topha'ceous Concretion. A 
 collection of hard, calcareous matter, which forms, 
 particularly, at the surface of joints affected with 
 gout ; (see Calculi, arthritic,) and occasionally, 
 in the interior of organs, around the teeth, &c. 
 It likewise meant gravel, and chalaza. 
 
 TOP'IC, Top'ical, To2i'icus. From ro-aoq, locus, 
 'a place.' A local application; (F.) Topique. 
 See Local. 
 
 TOPICUS, Local. 
 
 TO PIN ARIA, Talpa. 
 
 TO PI Q US, Topic. 
 
 TOPLITZ or TEPLITZ, MINERAL WA- 
 TERS OF. Toplitz is a town of Bohemia, cele- 
 brated for its numerous thermal springs. The 
 water contains chloride of sodium ; carbonate, 
 and sulphate of soda ; and carbonates of lime and 
 iron, &c. Temp. 114° to 122° Fahr. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY, see Ana- 
 tomy. 
 
 TOQUE, Scutellaria galericulata. 
 
 TOR'CULAR, Tourniquet. A press for wine, 
 oil, or cider. From torqueo, 'I twist.' 
 
 Tor'cular Heroph'ili, Press of Heroph' ilus, 
 Leehenei'on, Lenos, Lenum, Fourth Sinus, (F.) 
 Confluent dea Sinus, Pressoir d'Herophile. A 
 smooth and polished cavity, of irregular shape, 
 in which several sinuses of the dura mater meet. 
 It is situate before the internal occipital protube- 
 rance, at the union of the three great duplicatures 
 of the dura mater. It has six openings into it; 
 
 — one above, that of the superior longitudinal 
 sinus ; two below, answering to the occipital si- 
 nuses ; one anterior, belonging to the straight 
 sinus ; and two lateral, and very broad, which 
 lead into the lateral sinuses; and convey from 
 the cavity the blood that has been poured into it 
 by the others. 
 
 TORCULUM, Tourniquet. 
 
 TORDYL'IUM, T. Officina'le, Ses'eli Cret'i- 
 curn seu 3Ionta'nuni, (F.) Seseli de Crete. Family, 
 Umbelliferse. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. 
 The seeds and roots of this Southern European 
 plant are considered carminative and diuretic. 
 They enter into the theriaca. 
 
 TORE'NIA ASIAT'ICA, Cala-dolo. A small 
 Malabar plant, the juice of whose leaves, sweet- 
 ened with sugar, is said to cure gonorrhoea. 
 
 TORMENTIL, Geranium maculatum, Tor- 
 men tilla. 
 
 TORMENTIL'LA, T. erec'ta seu sylves'tris seu 
 oflieina'lis seu tubero'sa, Fraga'ria tormentil'la 
 officina'lis, Potentilla tormentilla, Heptaphyl'lurn, 
 Consol'ida rubra. Common Tor'mentil, Upright 
 Sept/oil, (F.) Tormentille. Ord. Rosacese. Sex. 
 Syst. Icosandria Polyg}'nia. The root Tormen- 
 tilla (Ph. U.S.) has a slightly aromatic odour; 
 and austere, styptic taste. It is astringent. Dose, 
 of the powder, gr. x to ^j. 
 
 TORMENTUM, Ileus, Intussusceptio. 
 
 TOR'MINA, Strophos, Ccelial'gia, EncoeliaV- 
 gia, Anile'ma, Anile'sis, Gripes, Mulligrubs, Fret- 
 ting, (F.) Tranchees. From torqueo, 'I twist.' 
 Acute colicky pains. Dysentery. 
 
 Tormina Celsi, Dysentery — t. Parturientium, 
 Pains, labour — t. Post partum, see Pains, labour. 
 
 TORNACULUM, Tourniquet. 
 
 TOROS'ITAS, Corpiden'tia carno'sa., Eal'itus 
 athlet'icus. Muscular strength; from torosus, 
 'brawny,' — torus, 'brawn.' 
 
 TOROSUS, Muscular. 
 
 TORPEDO, Narcosis. 
 
 TORPEFACTIO UNIVERSALIS, Holonar- 
 cosis. 
 
 TORPID, Tor'pidus, (F.) Engourdi; from tor- 
 peo, ' I am benumbed.' Numb. Incapable of 
 exertion and of feeling. Dull, stupid, inactive. 
 
 TORPIDITAS, Torpor. 
 
 TORPIDUS, Narcotized, Torpid. 
 
 TORPOR, Torjnd'itas, Noth'rotes, Parop'sis 
 expera, (F.) Engourdissetnent, from torpeo, ' I am 
 benumbed.' State of a part which becomes numb, 
 and almost incapable of motion. Torpor, Tor- 
 pid'ity, Torpid'ness, Tor'jntude are also applied 
 to a debilitated, sluggish condition of a part, 
 or of the whole of the body ; Aer'gia, {F.)Acca- 
 blement. 
 
 Torpor, Narcosis — t. of the Colon, see Colon, 
 torpor of the — t. Intestinorum, Constipation — t. 
 Soporificus, Noear. 
 
 TORQUAY. A town in Devonshire, England, 
 which, on account of the mildness of its climate, 
 and its sheltered situation from the bleakerwinds, 
 is a frequent retreat for the phthisical invalid. 
 
 TOR'SION, Tor'sio. From f orquere,tortn7n, ' to 
 twist.' The act of twisting. Torsion of the ex- 
 tremities of bleeding vessels — Angios'trop)he — 
 until the blood ceases to flow, is sometimes used 
 to arrest hemorrhage. 
 
 TORSK, see Oleum jecoris aselli. 
 
 TORTELLE, Erysimum. 
 
 TORTICOL'LIS, Caput seu Collum oisti'pum, 
 Obsti'pa cervix, Obstipi'itas cap)'iti8 seu Colli, 
 TraeheV agra, Enta'sia Loxia, Lox'ias, Cepha- 
 lox'ia, Aneylode're, Aneylode'ris, Rhabocra'- 
 nia, Auchenorrheu'ma, Rheumatis'mus colli seu 
 cervi'eis, Stiffneek, Wryneck, (Prov.) Slab ; from 
 torquere, tortum, ' to twist,' and collum., ' the neck.' 
 A variety of rheumatism, seated in the muscles 
 of the neck, which prevents the motion of the 
 head, and causes the patient to hold it inclined to 
 the side affected. It is, commonly, of short du- 
 ration ; usually disappearing in a few days. Ru- 
 befacients are the best topical applications. The 
 term is also applied to permanent contraction of 
 the muscles of the neck, which causes the head 
 to be held to one side. The remedy is the divi- 
 sion of the contracted muscles. 
 
 TORTOISE, FRESHWATER, GREAT, Hy- 
 draspis expansa. 
 
 TORTUE, Testudo. 
 
 TORTURA ORIS, Canine laugh, Neuralgia 
 faciei — t. Oris paralytica Linnsei, Paralysis, Bell's. 
 
 TOR'ULA CEREVIS'I^, Saccharom'ycessen 
 
TORULTJS GLANDIS 
 
 924 
 
 TRACHELISMUS 
 
 Mycoder'ma cerevisics, Crypfococ'cuH ferment' nm 
 seu cei-evisi'cB, (F.) C'hampiynon dti ferment. Yeast 
 plant. One of the simplest forms of vegetation, 
 capable, under favourable circumstances, of vege- 
 tating rapidly, and assisting in producing the 
 fermentation of saccharine substances. The 
 plant has been found in vomited fluids, and in 
 feces. 
 
 TORULUS GLANDIS, Crown of the glans. 
 TOR, US, Muscle — t. Mands, Metacarpus. 
 TOTA BONA, Chenopodium bonus Henricus. 
 TOTSU KASO, Sphseria Sinensis. 
 TOTTY, Vertiginous. 
 TOTUM CARNOSUM, Pancreas. 
 TOUCH, Tactua, Tac'tio, Haphe, Hapsis, Tac'- 
 tion, Palpa'tion, (P.) Toucher. One of the five 
 senses, and that which makes known to us the 
 palpable qualities of bodies, such as their con- 
 sistence, quality, &c. It is seated, particularly, 
 in the hands; and differs from tact in being 
 active. See Esaphe, and Palpation. 
 
 ' To touch the mouth with mercury' is to pro- 
 duce the constitutional effects of that agent, as 
 evinced by the falling away of the gums, &c. 
 TotJCH-ME-NOT, Impatiens fulva. 
 Touch, Royal. It was atone time almost uni- 
 versally believed, in England, that the royal touch 
 would remove Scrofula or King's Evil (as it was 
 thence called). This superstition is now entirely 
 exploded. Edward, the Confessor, was the first 
 English king who touched for the Evil. 
 
 TO UCEEE, Esaphe, Touch — t. Vaginal, 
 Esaphe. 
 
 TOUCHWOOD, Boletus igniarius. 
 TOUE DE MAITRE, Coup de Mattre. 
 TOURBILLON VASGULAIRE, Vasa vaso- 
 rum. 
 
 TOURNESOL, Heliotropium Europaeum. 
 TOURNIOLE, Paronychia. 
 TOUR'NIQUET, Tor'cular, Tor'culum, Tor- 
 nac' ulum, Proe'lium, Prm'lium, Prm'lium seu Pre- 
 lum arteria'le, Verticil'lum, Fas'cia tor'tilis, from 
 (F.) tourner, 'to turn.' A surgical instrument 
 for stopping the course of blood in the limbs, by 
 exerting a strong compression upon the principal 
 artery. It was invented by a French surgeon. 
 Morel, in the middle of the 17th century; and 
 was modified subsequently, by Nuck, Verduc, 
 Monro, Petit, and Louis. It is used to suspend, 
 for a time, the circulation in a limb, during great 
 operations ; to arrest arterial hemorrhage in cases 
 of wounds; to compress certain aneurismal and 
 other tumours, Ac. 
 
 TO US-LES-NOIS, Am'ylum canna'ceum, 
 Canna Starch. A fecula obtained from the root 
 of Canna edu'lis. It resembles potato starch, 
 and may be substituted for arrow-root. It is ob- 
 tained from St. Kitts. 
 TOUT, Nates. 
 
 TOUTE BONNE, Salvia sclarea. 
 TO UTE EPICE, see Myrtus pimenta — t. 
 Saine, Sanioula. 
 
 TO VX, Tussis— «. Bleue, Pertussis — t. Bron- 
 ehique, Bronchial cough. Cough, tubal — t. Caver- 
 neuse, see Cavernous respiration — t. Convulsive, 
 Pertussis — t. Quinteuse, Pertussis — t. Tulaire, 
 Bronchial cough. Cough, tubal. 
 TOXIC^MIA, Toxicohsemia. 
 TOXICAL, Poisonous. 
 TOXICATIO, Poisoning. 
 TOXICODENDRON. Rhus toxicodendron. 
 TOXICOHJjl'MIA, Toxica'mia, from toxicum, 
 'a poison,' and 'ai//a, 'blood.' Poisoning of the 
 blood. — Piorry. 
 
 _ TOXICOL'OGT, Toxicolog"ia, from toxicum, 
 (itself from rofoi/, 'a bow,') 'a poison,' and Xoyos, 
 ' a description.' A treatise on poisons. 
 TOXICO'SES, (G.) Toxikosen, from toxi- 
 
 cum, 'a poison.' A family of diseases, according 
 to the classification of Fuchs, caused by the re- 
 ception of poisons into the system. 
 TOXICUM, Poison, Venom. 
 TOXIQUE, Poisonous. 
 
 TRABECULA CEREBRI, Corpus callosum— 
 t. Cordis, Columnse carnese. 
 
 TRABECULE CORPORUM CAVERNOSO- 
 RUM, see Cavernous bodies. 
 
 TRABECULE SPLENIS, see Spleen— t.Wil- 
 lisii, Chordae Willisii. 
 
 TRABES CORDIS, Columnas earnese. 
 TRABS, Penis — t. Cerebri, Corpus callosum — 
 t. Medullaris, Corpus callosum. 
 
 TRACE, PRIMITIVE, Groove, primitive. 
 TRACHE'A, (generally, however, accented 
 Tra'chea,) Trache'a seu Trachei'a arte'ria. Bron- 
 chus, As'pera arteria, Fis'tula spiritna'lis seu 
 pidmona'lis, Canna, Syrin'ga, Syrinx ; the Wind- 
 jyipe, Wosen, Weasand, Weesel, Throttle, (Sc.) 
 Thropill, (Prov.) Keehcorn,Kecher,Thropp>le,{_V.) 
 Trachee arterej from rpa^vg, 'rough,' and aprripia, 
 'artery,' composed of aijp, 'air,' and rripeiv, 'to 
 keep.' The trachea is a cyliudrical, fibro-cartila- 
 ginous and membranous tube, flattened behind, 
 and situate on the median line, before the verte- 
 bral column, from the inferior part of the larynx, 
 as far as the third dorsal vertebra. There it 
 divides into two branches, the bronchia, which 
 separate to go to each lung. The trachea, the 
 function of which is to convey air to the lungs 
 during respiration, is composed, 1. Of carti- 
 laginous rings, An'nuli cartllagin'ei, Segmen'ta 
 cartilagin'ea, Orhes cartilagino'si, incomplete be- 
 hind; situate one above the other, and kept in 
 situ by a fibrous membrane. 2. Of a mucous 
 membrane, which lines it internally, and contains 
 numerous mucous follicles. 3. Of transverse 
 muscular fibres, not well-marked, which occupy 
 its posterior surface. 4. Of vessels, which pro- 
 ceed from the superior and inferior thyroideal ; 
 and, 5. Of nerves, that are given ofi' by the pneu- 
 mogastric and the cervical ganglia. 
 
 The breathing tubes of insects are termed 
 Tracheae, 
 Trachea Arteria, Trachea. 
 TRACHEA, see Trachea. 
 
 TRA'CHEAL, Trachea'lis. Appertaining to 
 the trachea. An epithet applied to respiration 
 as heard through the stethoscope opposite the 
 trachea, larynx, and root of the bronchia; the 
 air appearing as if sucked in from the cylinder 
 during inspiration, and expelled during expira- 
 tion. 
 
 Tracheal Glands. Mucous follicles on the 
 posterior surface^of the trachea. They are small, 
 flattened ovoid bodies. 
 
 TRACHEA'LIS. The fibres of unstriped mus- 
 cle, which pass from one portion of each of the 
 tracheal cartilages to the other, at the posterior 
 part of the trachea, have been so called by some 
 anatomists. When they contract, they approxi- 
 mate the extremities of the cartilage; diminish 
 the calibre of the trachea; and thus increase the 
 velocity of the air forced through it, as in cough- 
 ing, and facilitate the removal of any irritating 
 substance in contact with the lining membrane. 
 TRACHEE ARTERE, Trachea. 
 TRACHEITIS, Cynanche trachealis. 
 TRACHELAGRA, Torticollis. Also, gout in 
 
 TRACHELIAN, CervicaL 
 
 TRACHELISM'US, from Tpaxv>^ov, ' the neck.' 
 A term proposed by Dr. Marshall Hall, for a fan- 
 cied spasmodic action of the muscles of the neck, 
 which he esteems to be the cause of many morbid 
 phenomena, by inducing compression of the veins 
 of the neck and an impeded return of blood from 
 the head. 
 
TRACHELITIS 
 
 925 
 
 TRANSFUSION 
 
 TRACHELITIS, Cynanche traohealis. 
 TRACHELIUM AMERICANUxAI, Lobelia 
 cardinalis. 
 
 TRA CHEL 0-A TL ID 0-0 OCIPITAL, Obli- 
 quus superior capitis — t. Atloido-busilaire, Rectus 
 capitis lateralis — f. 5asi7au'e, Rectus capitis in- 
 ternus major — t. Basilaire, petit, Rectus capitis 
 internus minor. 
 
 TRACHE'LO-DIAPHRAGMAT'IC, Trachelo- 
 diaphragnuU'icus. The fourth pair of cervical 
 nerves, whence the phrenic nerve chiefly arises. 
 — Chaussier. 
 
 TRAGHELO-MASTOWIEN, Complexus mi- 
 nor — t. Occipital, Complexus — t. Seap>ulaire, 
 Levator scapulae. 
 
 TRACHELOS, Collum. 
 
 TRACHE'O - BRONCHI'TIS. Inflammation 
 of the trachea and bronchia. 
 TRACHEOCELE, Bronchocele. 
 TRACHEOPHONY, Laryngophony. 
 TRACHEOPHTHISIS, see Phthisis laryngea. 
 TRACHEOPHYMA, Bronchocele. 
 TRACHEORRHAG"IA, Bcemop'toe seu ITcb- 
 mop'tysis lurynge'a et trachea'lis, from rfiaxtia, 
 ' the trachea,' and prjyvvfii, ' to break forth.' He- 
 morrhage from the trachea. 
 
 TRACHEOSTENO'SIS, from rpaxua, 'the 
 trachea,' and aTevwcis, ' contraction.' Contrac- 
 tion or narrowness of the trachea. 
 
 TRACH'EOTOME, from trachea, and ropir,, 
 ' incision.' An instrument of the trocar kind, 
 for opening the trachea. 
 
 TRACHEOTOMY, see Bronchotomy. 
 TRACHITIS, Cynanche trachealis. 
 TRACHO'MA, from rpaxvi, ' rough.' Anpre'do, 
 Aspritu'do, Pladar'otes, Asperitu'do, Scabrifies, 
 Gran'ular conjiincti'va, Gran'ular eyelid, (F.) 
 Asperite des Panpieres. A roughness of the inner 
 surface of the eyelids. A variety of ophthalmia, 
 of which three kinds have been designated: — T. 
 sabulo'sum, from sand, &c., getting between the 
 eyelids ; T. carunculo' sum, Pladar'otes, Plnda- 
 ro'sis, Morum pal'pebrce inter'nm, from fleshy 
 excrescences ; and T. herpet'icum, from hard 
 pustules on the inner surface of the eyelids. 
 This last is, also, called Fico'sis, and Pal'pebra 
 fico'sa. 
 
 TRACT, OPTIC, see Optic nerves — t. Respi- 
 ratory, see Respiratory tract. 
 
 TRACTATIO MANUARIA, Surgery. 
 TRACTORATION, Perkinism, see Tractors, 
 metallic. 
 
 TRACTORS, METAL'LIC. Metallic agents, 
 introduced by Dr. Elisha Perkins, of Connecticut, 
 about the end of the last century, to cure diseases. 
 The parts were rubbed with these tractors, and 
 hundreds of thousands of cases were reported to 
 have been cured by the Tractora'tion. The 
 afi"ections, in which they were chiefly used, were 
 local inflammations, and pains in different parts. 
 The good effects were, doubtless, owing to the in- 
 fluence exerted by the mind over the body. The 
 bubble did not exist long. See Perkinism. 
 
 TRACT US INTESTINORUM, Intestinal 
 Tube — t. Opticus, see Optic nerves — t. Respi- 
 ratorius. Respiratory tract. 
 
 Tractus Spira'lis Foraminulen'tus. Minute 
 openings at the base of the modiolus, arranged 
 in a spiral manner, which transmits the filaments 
 of the cochlear nerve. The central canal of the 
 Tractus is longer than the rest, and is called 
 Tu'bidii'i centra'lis modi'oli. 
 
 TRADESCAN'TIA VIRGIN'ICA, Spider- 
 wort; indigenous; Order, Commelynaceas ; flow- 
 ering from May to August. The roots are de- 
 mulcent. 
 
 TRAGACAN'THA, from rpayo;, 'a goat,' and 
 anavSa, 'a thorn,' owing to its hirsute boughs. 
 
 Gummi Tragacan'tha seu Astrag'ali TragaeantTice, 
 Gum Tragacanth, Gum Dragon. The concrete 
 juice of the Astragalus Tragacautha or Astraga- 
 lus Verus, a native of Persia. Ord. Leguminosse. 
 Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. (F.) Gomme 
 Adragant, Adragant, Adragante, Adraganthe. 
 This gum is inodorous ; nearly insipid ; of a 
 whitish colour; semi-transparent, and striated. 
 It is in thin, vermiform pieces ; and does not form 
 a smooth, uniform mucilage with water. It is 
 demulcent, but is rarely used alone. 
 
 TRAGEA AROMATICA, Pulvis cinnamomi 
 compositus. 
 
 TRAG"ICUS, Tragien (Ch.), from Tragus. 
 A small, flat, triangular muscle which almost 
 wholly covers the outer surface of the tragus, 
 arising from its base, and terminating at the top 
 of the eminence. 
 
 TRAGTEN, Tragicus. 
 
 TRAGOMASCHA'LIA, Tragomas'chnlf., from 
 Tpayog, 'a goat,' and f<ao■;^;a^J7, 'axilla.' The 
 strong unpleasant odour of the armpits. 
 TRAGOPHONIA, Egophony. 
 TRAGOPO'GON, Barba hirci: from rpayo?, ' a 
 goat,' and ruywv, ' beard.' A genus of plants ; 
 Ord. Cichoracea^. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Poly- 
 gamia Squalls. (F.) Barhe de Bnuc ; of which 
 the roots of the Tragopogon porrifo'lium, Salsifi, 
 Oyster plant. Oyster-root, (F.) Salsijis ou Cer- 
 cifis, and the young shoots of the T. prnten'se. 
 Meadow Salsifi, Common Goat's Beard, (F.) Sal- 
 sifis des pres, are eaten as food. The root of the 
 latter has been used as a diuretic. 
 
 TRAGOSELINUM, Pimpinella saxifraga — t. 
 Angelica, Ligusticum podagraria — t. Magnum, 
 Pimpinella magna — t. Majus, Pimpinella magna 
 — t. Saxifraga, Pimpinella magna. 
 
 TRAGUS; rpayos, 'a, goat;' from its being fur- 
 nished, in some persons, with hair, like the beard 
 of a goat. Hircus, Hirquus. A small, flattened, 
 triangular nipple, situate before the meatus audi- 
 torius externus, which it appears to conceal. It 
 is covered with hair in old people, whence its 
 name. Also, the peculiar goat-like smell of the 
 asillse. 
 
 Tragus Matthioli, Salsola kali. 
 TRAINASSE, Polygonum aviculare. 
 TRAITEMENT, Curatio — «. Pallialif, see 
 Palliation. 
 
 TRAMIS, Perineum. 
 TRANCE, Catalepsy, Ecstasis. 
 TRANCHEES, Tormina — «. Uterines, Pains, 
 after. 
 
 TRANS, in composition, 'through, over, or 
 beyond.' 
 
 TRANSFIGURATIO, Transformation. 
 TRANSFORMA'TION, Transforwa'tio, Trans- 
 figura'tio, Transmuta'tio, iletab'ole, from trans, 
 and forma, 'form.' Change of form. 
 
 TRANSF0R3IATI0NS BE TISSU, (F.) 
 The French pathologists designate thus the 
 change that occurs in an organ, the tissue of 
 which becomes similar to that of another organ. 
 The chief transformations are cartilaginous, osse- 
 ous, and adipous. See Tissue. 
 
 TRANSFU'SION, Transfusio, Jtletaclt'ysia, 
 from transfundere (trans, and fundere, fusum, 'to 
 pour') 'to pour from one vessel into another.' 
 
 Transfusion of Blood, Travsfusio San'gninis, 
 Cura Medea'na, IletJxEinachym'ia, Ecematome- 
 tach'ysis,HcBmo7netach'ysis,Diach'ysi8,Transplan- 
 ta'tio med'ica nova, Chirur'gia transfuso'via, Ex- 
 otichcp.mato'sis. The act of passing the blood of 
 one animal into the veins of another; an opera- 
 tion which was formerly used to fulfil various 
 therapeutical intentions. It has been revived in 
 cases of uterine hemorrhage; and, apparently, 
 with some success. 
 I The operation can only be performed safely 
 
TRANSLATION 
 
 926 
 
 TRANSVERSUS AURIS 
 
 Dn animals having like kinds of blood. See 
 Globule. 
 
 TRANSLATION, Metastasis. 
 
 TRANSMISSIBILITY, see Sensibility. 
 
 TRANSMUTATIO, Transformation. 
 
 TRANSPIRATIO, Prespiration— t. Unilatera, 
 Hemidiaphoresis. 
 
 TRANSPIRA TOIRE, Perspiratory. 
 
 TR ANSPLANTA'TIO, [trans, and 2jlanta,) 3fe- 
 tapkt/tei'a. A pretended method of curing dis- 
 eases, devised by Paracelsus — by making them i 
 pass from one individual to another, either ani- j 
 mal or vegetable. I 
 
 Transplantatio, Morioplastice — t. Medioa 
 nova. Transfusion. 
 
 Transplanta'tio Dentis, InsW'io dentis. The | 
 act of transplanting a tooth from one person to j 
 another. 
 
 TRANSPORT, Delirium. 
 
 TRANSPOSITIO, Metathesis. 
 
 TRANSPOSIT''ION,rra;i«23osi<"io,from trans, ! 
 'over,' and ponere, positum, 'to put.' Jiletath'esis. 
 Change of situation. 
 
 Transposition op the Vis'cera, Polype'ria 
 promis'cua translati'va, Intus inver'siis, is a con- 
 genital vice of conformation, which consists in 
 the viscera being found out of the situations they 
 ordinarily occupy: the heart, for example, being 
 on the risrht side ; the liver on the left, &c. 
 
 TRAN'SUDATIO, Diapedesis. 
 
 TRANSUDA'TION, Transuda'tio, (F.) Trans- 
 sudation, from trans, ' through,' and sudare, suda- 
 tum, 'to sweat.' The passage of a fluid through 
 the tissue of any organ, which may collect in 
 small drops on the opposite surface, or evaporate 
 from it. 
 
 Transudation, Exosmose. 
 
 TRANSVERSAIRE EPINEUX, Trans ver- 
 salis dorsi — f. Epineux du cou, Semispinalis colli 
 — t. Grele, see Sacro-lumbalis — t. Epineux du 
 do8, Semi-spinatus dorsi. 
 
 TRANSVERSAL DE LA CONQUE, Trans- 
 versalis auris — t. du Nez, Compressor nasi — t. 
 des Orteils, Transversus pedis. 
 
 TRANSVERSALIS, Transverse. 
 
 Transversa'lis Abdom'inis, (F.) Lomho-ah- 
 dominal (Ch.), Transverse de V Abdomen. This 
 muscle is seated, deeply, on the lateral parts of 
 the abdomen. It is flat, thin, and broader before 
 than behind. It is attached, above, to the carti- 
 lage of the last true rib, and to those of every 
 false rib ; and, below, to the inner lip of the crista 
 of the ilium; to the two outer thirds of the crural 
 arch, and to the upper part of the pubis. Its 
 fibres, moreover, are inserted, behind, by means 
 of broad aponeuroses, into the top of the trans- 
 verse and spinous processes of the first four lum- 
 bar vertebrae ; and, before, into the linea alba, 
 and the ensiform cartilage. This muscle, all of 
 whose fibres have a transverse direction, con- 
 stricts the belly, and diminishes the base of the 
 chest, by drawing inwards the ribs to which it is 
 attached. 
 
 Tra:nsversalis Anticus Primus, Rectus ca- 
 pitis lateralis — t. CoUateralis colli, see Saero- 
 lumbalis. 
 
 TraNSVERSA'lis Colli, Transversalis Ilajor 
 colli. Portion of the Sacrospinal (Ch.), (F.) 
 Transversal re. A muscle, seated at the posterior 
 and lateral part of the neck and upper part of 
 the back. It is attached to the transverse pro- 
 cesses of the five or six lowest vertebrae of the 
 neck; and to those of the four or five first dorsal. 
 It extends the vertebrae of the neck, and inclines 
 them to its side. 
 
 Transversalis Colli, Semi-spinalis colli. 
 
 Transversalis Dorsi, Transverso -spinalis, 
 Ilidtif'idus SpincB, Lwnbo-cervical portion of the 
 
 Spinal (Ch.), (Transcerso-spinnh's Lnmho'rum, 
 Transverso - spinalis Dorsi, Transverso - spinalis 
 Colli,) Mus'cxdus sneer, Spinoles et trnnsversales 
 lumhorum, Semi-spinalis internus sive Transverso- 
 spinalis colli pars interna (Winslow), Lombo- 
 dorsi-spinal, &c., (F.) Trnnsversaire epineux. 
 This muscle, usually called, by English anato- 
 mists, Multif idus spincB, and including all the 
 transversn-spinales, is situate in the vertebral 
 gutters, extending from the posterior part of the 
 sacrum to the second cervical vertebra. It is 
 thicker in the neck and loins than in the back 
 and behind the sacrum. Its use is — to straighten 
 the vertebral column, and to impress upon it a 
 slight rotary motion. 
 
 Transversalis Nasi, Compressor naris. 
 
 TRANSYERSARIUS, Transverse. 
 
 TRANSVERSE, Transver'sus, Transversa'lis, 
 
 Transversa' rius, from trans, 'over,' and vertere, 
 
 versum, 'to turn.' That which runs across: alsoi 
 
 I that which relates to the transverse processes of 
 
 the vertebrae. 
 
 Transverse Artery of the Pace, arises from 
 the temporal ; passes transversely across the face, 
 in front of the condyle of the lower jaw, and 
 gives its branches to the different muscles of the 
 cheek. 
 
 Transverse Fissure, see Liver — t. Fossa, see 
 Liver — t.Ligament of the Atlas, Annular ligament. 
 
 Transverse Perineal Artery, Urethro-bul- 
 bar (Ch.), is given off from the upper branch of 
 the internal pudic ; and passes inwards and for- 
 wards above the transversus perinaei muscles, as 
 far as the bulb of the urethra, into which it dips, 
 subdividing into numerous branches. 
 
 Transverse Proc"esses op the Ver'tebr^, 
 Diapopih'yses of Owen, (F.) Apopihyses transversea 
 des vertebres, are the bony eminences that jut out 
 transversely and posteriorly from the sides of tho 
 vertebras. 
 
 Transverse Suture, Sutu'ra transversa'lis, 
 runs across the face, and sinks into the orbit; 
 joining the bones of the skull to those of the 
 face, but with so many irregularities and inter- 
 ruptions, that it can scarcely be recognised as a 
 suture. 
 
 TRANSVERSE DE L'ABDOMEN, Trans- 
 versalis abdominis — t. de I'Oricule, Transversus 
 auris — t. du Perinee, Transversus perinaji. 
 
 TRANSVERSO-SPINAL, Semi-spinalis colli, 
 Semi-spinalis dorsi — t. Spinalis, Transversalis 
 dorsi — t. Spinalis colli, Semi-spinalis colli — t. 
 Spinalis dorsi, Semi-spinalis dorsi. 
 
 TRANSVER'SUS AURIS, Transver'sus Au- 
 ric' nlcB, (F.) Transverse de I'Oricule (Ch.), Trans- 
 versal de la Conque, is often wanting. It is 
 formed of some transverse fibres, situate trans- 
 versely, behind the projection of the helix which 
 divides the concha into two portions. 
 
 Transversus Pedis, Scandula'rius, {'F.jTrana- 
 versal des Orteils, JJetatarso-sous-phalangien 
 transversal du premt'ef orteil (Chaussier). A 
 muscle, which arises by fleshy slips from the 
 heads of the metatarsal bones of the three outer 
 toes. Its tendon is inserted into the base of the 
 first phalanx of the great toe, being blended with 
 that of the adductor pollicis. 
 
 Transversus Perin^ei, Leva'tor Ayti parvus, 
 (F.) Isehio-perineal (Ch.), Transverse du Perinee, 
 is placed at the posterior part of the pcrinseum. 
 It is thin, triangular, and situate transversely. 
 Its external extremity is attached to the ramus 
 and tuberosity of the ischium: its inner extremity 
 is confounded with its fellow of the opposite side, 
 and with the anterior part of the sphincter ani 
 and posterior part of the bulbo-cavernosus. The 
 use of this muscle is, — to compress the urethra, 
 and to support the rectum and bladder. To a 
 
TRAPA NATANS 
 
 927 
 
 TREPHINE 
 
 fasciculus of this muscle, Santoriiii has given the 
 name TJre'ihra Eleva'tor seu Ejacula'tor. 
 
 Transversus Perinje'i Alter, Frosfat'icvs 
 inferior. A small muscle which occasionally ac- 
 companies the last. 
 
 TRAPA NATANS, (F.) If acre flottante, Noix 
 ou CJidtaigne d'Eau. Orel. Onagracese. Sex. 
 Si/st. Tetrandria Monogynia. The plant which 
 affords the Nuces Aquat'ica, Trib'uli aquatici, 
 Caltrops. The nut is considered nutrient and 
 demulcent, and is said to be useful in diarrhoea 
 from abrasion of the bowels, and in calculus. A 
 poultice is sometimes made of it to discuss hard 
 and indolent tumours. 
 
 TRAPEZA, Mensa. 
 
 TRAPJSZE, Trapezium, Trapezius. 
 
 TRAPE'ZIUM OS, rpaTn^iov, 'a trapezium.' So 
 called from its shape. Os wultan'gulum majus, 
 (F.) Os trapeze. The first bone of the second 
 row of the carpus. It is articulated, above, with 
 the scaphoides; below, with the first bone of the 
 metacarpus; within, with the trapezoides, and 
 second metacarpal bone. Anteriorly, posteriorly, 
 and externally, it gives attachment to ligaments. 
 
 TRAPE'ZIUS, Cuculla'rie, (F.) Borso-sus- 
 acromien (Ch.), Trapeze, Capuchon. A muscle, 
 seated at the posterior part of the neck and 
 shoulder, and at the upper part of the back. It 
 has the shape of a trapezium; is attached, on the 
 one hand, to the inner third of the upper curved 
 line of the occipital bone; to the posterior cer- 
 vical ligament; to the spinous process of the 7th 
 cervical vertebra; and to those of all the dorsal 
 vertebrae; and, on the other hand, to the spine 
 of the scapula; the acromion and the outer third 
 of the posterior margin of the clavicle. Its upper 
 fibres are situate obliquely downwards and out- 
 wards ; the transverse and inferior, obliquely out- 
 wards and inwards. This muscle elevates the 
 shoulder; carries it backwards, or depresses it, 
 according as its upper, middle, or lower fibres 
 contract separately. It straightens the head, 
 also, and inclines it to one side. 
 
 TRAP'EZOID LIGAMENT, Ligartien'tum tra- 
 pezoides. The anterior part of the coraco-clavi- 
 cular ligament. It is a very strong, fibrous fas- 
 ciculus, which has the shape of a trapezium, and 
 is situate obliquely, between the acromion process 
 and clavicle. 
 
 TRAPEZOf'DES, OS, Os multan'gidum minus 
 seu pyrainida'le carpi, from TpaT:e(,iov, 'a trape- 
 zium,' and £ti5of, 'shape or resemblance' The 
 second bone of the second row of the carpus, — so 
 called from its shape. It is smaller than the tra- 
 pezium, on the inside of which it is situate. It 
 is articulated, above, with the os navieulare ; 
 below, with the second metacarpal bono: on the 
 outside, with the trapezium; and internally, with 
 the magnum. Anteriorly and posteriorly, it 
 affords attachment to ligaments. 
 
 TRAUBENKUR, Grape cure. 
 
 TRAULISMUS, see Balbuties and Blaesitas. 
 
 TRAULOTES, see Blaesitas. 
 
 TRAUMA, Wound. 
 
 TRAUMAT'IC, Traumat'icus, Vulnera'rius, 
 Vul'nerary, (F.) Traumo.tique, from rctavna, rpav- 
 uaTog, ' a wound.' Anything relating to a wound. 
 
 TRAUMATICA, Detergents, Vulneraries. 
 
 TRAUMATIGINE; same etymon as Trau- 
 matic. A name given by Eulenberg to a solution 
 of gutta percha in chloroform, which is applied 
 externally in various chronic cutaneous diseases. 
 
 TRAUMATICUS, Traumatic, Vulnerary. 
 
 TRAU'MATISM, Traumatis'mus. The condi- 
 tion of the organism occasioned by a grave wound. 
 
 TRAU'MATO-COMI'UM, from rpav/^a, rpav- 
 jtaros, 'a wound,' and KOjxeo>, 'I take care of.' An 
 hospital for the reception of the wounded. 
 
 TRAUMATOP'YRA, Fehris traumat'icn ; from 
 Tpavfxa, TjiaiijuaTOi, 'a wound,' and vvp, 'fire.' A 
 wound fever, or fever consecutive to a wound. 
 
 TRAVAIL, Parturition. 
 
 TRAVAIL D' ENFANT, Parturition. 
 
 TRAVELLER'S JOY, Clematis vitalba. 
 
 TREACLE, Melasses, Theriaca — t. English, 
 Teucrium chamsedrys — t. Venice, Theriaca. 
 
 TREAD, Cicatricula— t. of the Cock, Molecule. 
 
 TREATMENT, Curatio. 
 
 Treatment, Dry. One in which the patient 
 is almost wholly, if not wholly, restricted from 
 the alimentary use of fluids ; a valuable modus 
 medendi in inflammatory and hemorrhagic condi- 
 tions. 
 
 TREE, ELK, Andromeda arborea — t. of Life, 
 Thuya^occidentalis — t. Sour, Andromeda arborea. 
 
 TREFLE BE CASTOR, Menyanthes trifo- 
 liata — t. D'Eau, Menyanthes trifoliata — t. dea 
 Ilarais, Menyanthes trifoliata. 
 
 TREFOIL, Hepatica triloba — t. Bean, stink- 
 ing, Anagyris — t. Marsh, Menyanthes verna — t. 
 Sour, Oxalis acetosella — t. Shrubby, Ptelea tri- 
 foliata — t. Water, Menyanthes trifoliata. 
 
 TREMA, Foramen. 
 
 TREMBLEMENT, Tremor — f. MHallique, 
 see Tremor. 
 
 TREMBLES, Milk-sickness. 
 
 TREMBLING, Tremor — t. Fevers, Intermit- 
 tent fever. 
 
 TREMELLA AURICULA JUDiE, Peziza 
 auricula. 
 
 TREMOR, Trepida'tio, Syn'clonus Tremor, 
 Tromo-spasmus, Tromus, Trembling, (F.) Trem- 
 blement, from tremere, 'to tremble.' Involuntary 
 agitation of the body, or of some part of it, with- 
 out any obstacle to voluntary motion. It de- 
 pends, generally, upon debility of the muscular, 
 or of the nervous system; and, hence, is ob- 
 served, in convalescence, and in typhoid affec- 
 tions. It occurs, also, in old people ; in hard 
 drinkers; workers in mercury, lead, &c. : in the 
 last case, it is called by the French, Tremblement 
 metalh'que, Tremor metal'Ucus. Tremor seems to 
 resemble paralysis more than convulsion. See 
 Paralysis agitans and Pavitatio. 
 
 Tremor Cordis, Hippus, Palpitation — t. Me- 
 tallicus, see Tremor — t. Potatorum, see Delirium 
 tremens — t. Purring, Fremisseinent cataire. 
 
 TREPAN, Trep'anum, Try'panon, Trip'anon, 
 TpvTravov, Terebel'la, Pereter'ixun, Peretor'ium, 
 Serra versat'ilia, Chcen'icis, Choenic'ion, Ter'ebra, 
 Ter'etron, Tere'trium, Vertib'ulum, (F.) Trepan, 
 from TpvKaw, 'I perforate.' A surgical instrument 
 resembling a wimble, and worked in the same 
 manner. It is used for removing portions of 
 bone, and particularly of the bones of the skull. 
 The term trepan is given more particularly to the 
 part of the instrument that makes the perforation. 
 The handle is so constructed as to receive differ- 
 ent bits, — as the crown, the Trepan per/oratif or 
 Perite'rion, the T. exfoliatif or Desquamato'riuni 
 trep'anum, and the T. abaptis'ta. 
 
 In Great Britain and the United States, this 
 instrument has been superseded by the trephine, 
 which is more manageable. 
 TREPANATIO, Trepanning. 
 
 TREPANATION, Trepanning. 
 TREPAN'NING, Terehra'tio, Anatre'sis, Ce- 
 pJialotripe'sis, Trepana' tio, Trype'sis, Tresis, Pri- 
 ais, Prismus, Fora'tio, (F.) Trepanation. Same 
 etymon as Trepan. The methodical application 
 of the trepan. 
 
 TREPANON, Trepan. 
 TREPANUM, Trepan. 
 
 TREPHINE. The instrument which has re- 
 placed the trepan in some countries. It consists 
 of a simple, cylindrical saw; with a handle placed 
 
TREPHOUSA 
 
 928 
 
 TRICHILIA 
 
 transversely like that of a gimlet, and from the 
 centre of the circle, described by the teeth of the 
 saw, a sharp little perforator projects, called the 
 Centre-pin. The centre-pin is capable of being 
 removed, at the surgeon's option, by means of a 
 key for the purpose. It is used to fix the instru- 
 ment until the teeth of the saw have made a cir- 
 cular groove, sufficiently deep for it to work 
 steadily. The pin must then be removed. Some- 
 times the pin is made to slide up and down, and 
 to be fixed in any position, by means of a screw. 
 
 TREPHOUSA, Nurse. 
 
 TREPIDATIO, Tremor— t. Cordis, Cardiotro- 
 mus. ^ 
 
 TREPIED VITAL, Tripod, vital. 
 
 TREPON'DO. A weight of three pounds.— 
 Scribonius. 
 
 TRE'SIS, Tpnci?, from rpew, 'I bore.' Properly, 
 a perforation. A wound. A forcible solution of 
 continuit}' in a soft part, commencing externally. 
 A genus in the nosology of Good. 
 
 Tresis, Trepanning, Wound — t. Causis, Burn 
 — t. Punotura, Puncture — t. Vulnus, Wound — 
 t. Vulnus laceratum, see Laceration — t. Vulnus 
 simplex, Cut. 
 
 TRESSAILLE3IENT, Shuddering. 
 
 TRESSO'RIA, low Latin Ejnsi'on, t-iatiov. A 
 term formerly applied to the hair covering the 
 mons veneris, the absence of which has, by the 
 vulgar, been esteemed a matter of reproach. 
 
 TRI, rpi, in composition, ' three.' 
 
 TRIACLE, Melasses. 
 
 TRIANGLE 3IEDULLAIRE, Fornix. 
 
 TRIANGLE, VESICAL, see Urinary Bladder. 
 
 TRIAN'GULAR, Trigo'nos, Triangula'ris, 
 from tri, and angulus, 'an angle.' That which 
 Has three angles. 
 
 Triangular or Infra-pdbian Ligament, Lig- 
 amen'tum triangula're seu iiifra-pitbin'num, is a 
 ligamentous fascia with short fibres, situate trans- 
 versely beneath the symphysis pubis, which it 
 strengthens. Also, a ligament extending from 
 the coracoid to the acromial process of the 
 scapula. 
 
 TRIANGULARIS, Depressor anguli oris — t. 
 Coccygis, Coccygeus — t. Nasi, Compressor naris. 
 
 Triangula'ris Sterni, Sterno-coUal (Ch.), 
 Pectora'lis inter'nua. A muscle situate at the 
 anterior and inner part of the chest, behind the 
 cartilages of the ribs. It has the shape of a 
 lengthened triangle, the base of which is directed 
 downwards. It is attached to the posterior, 
 lateral, and inferior part of the sternum, whence 
 its fibres pass upwards and outwards, and termi- 
 nate by as many distinct digitations at the carti- 
 lages of the 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th true ribs. This 
 muscle depresses the ribs and contributes to ex- 
 piration. 
 
 TRIBAS, (P.) Trihade, from TQii',u>, '1 rub.' 
 Frietrix, Frica'trix, FuUi'trix. Maa'ciila, Suhagi- 
 tn'trix, Suhigiia'trix. A female whose clitoris is 
 so large as to cause her to be regarded as an 
 hermaphrodite. One who acts as a male with 
 another female. 
 
 TRIBULI AQUATICI, see Trapa natans. 
 
 TRIBUTUM LUNARE, Menses — t. Men- 
 struum, Menses. 
 
 TRICyE, Plica— t. Incuborum, Plica— t. Scro- 
 forum, Plica. 
 
 TRICAGO, Teucrium chamsedrys. 
 
 TRICAUDALIS, Retrahens auris. 
 
 TRICEPH'ALUS, from tri, and Kijuih,, 'head.' 
 A monster with three heads. 
 
 TRICEPS, from tri, and cajmt, 'head.' A 
 name given to muscles that have three fleshy 
 bundles at one of their extremities. 
 
 Triceps Adduc'tor Feji'dius. Under this 
 
 appellation are comprehended three distinct mus- 
 cles; Adductor hrevis, A. lovgus, and A. magnum. 
 
 Triceps Auris, Retrahens auris — t. Brachialis, 
 Triceps extensor cubiti. 
 
 Triceps Cruris, Femora'Us, (F.) Trifemoro- 
 rotulien (Ch.), Crural, Trifemoro-tihi-rotulien, 
 Triceps crural ou de la cuisse, is situate at the 
 anterior, inner, and outer part of the thigh. It 
 is formed of three bundles at its superior extre- 
 mity, viz. 1. A middle fasciculus (the crura'lis of 
 most anatomists). 2. An external fasciculus (the 
 vastus externus) and 3. An inner fasciculus (the 
 vastus interims). It is attached, above, to the 
 anterior, inner, and outer surfaces of the femur, 
 and to the two edges of the linea aspera, from 
 the base of the trochanter to within four fingers' 
 breadth of the knee. Below, it terminates by a 
 large tendon, which is attached to the base and 
 edges of the patella, as well as to the inner and 
 outer tuberosities of the tibia. The triceps ex- 
 tends the leg on the thigh, and conversely. 
 
 TRICEPS DE LA CUISSE, Triceps cruris— 
 t. Crural, Triceps cruris. 
 
 Triceps Exten'sor Cu'biti, Triceps brachia'- 
 lis, (F.) Scapiilo-humero-olecranieH (Ch.), Triceps 
 brachial. This muscle, which occupies all the 
 posterior part of the os humeri, is described as 
 two muscles by Douglas, and as three by Wins- 
 low. It arises by three heads. The first or long 
 head. — long head of the biceps externus of Doug- 
 las, Anconeus major of Winslow, — arises from the 
 anterior extremity of the inferior costa of the 
 scapula, near its neck, and below the origin of 
 the teres minor. The second head, or short head 
 of the biceps externus of Douglas, Anconeus exter- 
 nus of Winslow, arises from the upper and outer 
 part of the os humeri, at the base of the great 
 tuberosity ; and the third head, — Brachialis ex- 
 ternus of Douglas, Anconeus internus of Winslow, 
 — the shortest of the three, arises from the back 
 part of the os humeri, behind the flat tendon of 
 the latissimus dorsi. These three portions unite 
 about the middle of the arm, so as to form one 
 thick and powerful muscle, which is inserted at 
 the upper part of the olecranon. It extends the 
 forearm on the arm, and conversely. 
 
 Triceps Magnus, Adductor magnus — t. Minor, 
 Adductor longus femoris — t. Secundus, Adductor 
 brevis. 
 
 TRICH^ INCUBORUM, Plica. 
 
 TRICHANGIA, Capillary vessels 
 
 TRICHANGIECTA'SIA, Angidiecta'sia, Tri- 
 chocirsus, from $pt^, Tpi)(^o;, ' a hair,' ayytiov, ' a 
 vessel,' and cKTaan, 'dilatation.' Morbid dilata- 
 tion of the capillary vessels. 
 
 TRICHAUX'E, from ^pif, rpixos, 'hair,' and 
 a«f»;, 'increase.' Increase in the quantity and 
 size of the hair, without change of texture. 
 
 TRICHERA ARVENSIS, Scabiosa. 
 
 TRICHIA, Entropion. 
 
 TRICHI'ASIS, Trichio'sls, Tricho'sis, from 
 •S-pi|, r/)i;^;o?, ' hair.' ilorbus pila'ris. This name 
 has been given to several aflFections. 1. To a dis-' 
 ease of the kidneys or bladder, in which filamen- 
 tous substances, resembling hairs, are passed in 
 the urine. This is also called Pilimic'tio. It 
 must be regarded as a variety of Catar'rhxis 
 vesi'ccs. 2. To a. painful swelling of the breasts, 
 in child-bed women, when the milk is excreted 
 with difficulty: — a disease attributed, by Aris- 
 totle, to a hair swallowed by accident and carried 
 to the breasts through the circulation ; and 3dly, 
 To inversion of the eye-lashes. See Entropion. 
 
 TRICHIASIS LACTEA, Infarctus mammee 
 
 TRICHILIA, Cathartics. 
 
 Trichil'ia Emet'ica, Elcaja. A tree. Order, 
 Meliaceae, common on the mountains of Yemen 
 
TRICHINA SPIRALIS 
 
 929 
 
 TRIGEMINI 
 
 and in Senegal. The fruit is used, by the Arabs, 
 as an emetic. The ripe seeds are formed with 
 sesamum oil into an ointment for the itch. 
 
 Trichilia Trifolia'ta, a bush of Curagoa, a 
 decoction of the roots of which is used to pro- 
 mote abortion. 
 
 TRICHI'NA SPIRA'LIS. Same etymon. A 
 small species of entozoa discovered in the muscles 
 of voluntary motion. Trichinte consist of very 
 minute eysts, of an oblong figure, having consi- 
 derable resemblance, in size and colour, to young 
 pediculi, and are somewhat allied to the eels 
 found in paste and vinegar. No symptoms have 
 as yet been observed to be pathognomonic of their 
 presence. 
 
 TRICHIOSIS, Trichiasis— t. Distrix, Distrix. 
 
 TRICHIS'MUS. Same etymon. Gaiyilla'tio, 
 Fiasu'ra pila'ris. A capillary fracture, fissure, 
 or crack. 
 
 TRICHIURIA, Trichocephalus. 
 
 TRICHOCEPHALE BE L' HOMME, Tri- 
 chocephalus. 
 
 TRICHOCEPH'ALUS, TncJioccj^Ji'alus dis- 
 par; from S-pi^, Tf'f)(^og, 'a, hair,' and Ke<pa\ri, 
 'head.' Trichu'ris, T. vulgaris seu ixtestina'lis, 
 As'caria trichu'ria, Trichiu'ria, Ti'icJiocephahis 
 seu Ifastigo'des Tiominis, Long thread-worm, (P.) 
 Tn'choeephale de I'Jiomme. A worm, from an 
 inch and a half to two inches long; the head 
 acute; the body spirally involuted in the male, 
 almost straight in the female. The trichocepha- 
 lus dispar generally inhabits the caecum and 
 colon, and is rarely met with in the small intes- 
 tines. It gives rise to no peculiar symptoms, and 
 requires the usual anthelmintic treatment. 
 
 TRICHOCIRSUS, Trichangiectasia. 
 
 TRICHOG"ENOUS, from ^pil, rpixos, 'a hair/ 
 and yevvau), 'I generate.' Hair-forming; as a 
 ' trichogenous remedy,' — one that promotes the 
 growth of hair. 
 
 TRICHOLABIS, Madisterium. 
 
 TRICHOLABIUM, Madisterium, 
 
 TRICHOLOGIA, Carphologia. 
 
 TRICHOMA, Capillamentum, Plica. 
 
 TRICHOMANES, Asplenium trichomanoides 
 — t. Crenata, Asplenium trichomanoides. 
 
 TRI'CHOMAPHYTE, from trichoma, 'plica,' 
 and (pvTov, ' a vegetable.' A cryptogamous growth, 
 found in plica, and said, by some, to be its cause. 
 
 TRICHOMAPHYTON, Mycoderma plicse. 
 
 TRICHOMATION, Capillamentum. 
 
 TRICHOMATOSE HAIR, Plica. 
 
 TRICHOM'ONAS, Trichom'onnd ,- from 6pi^, 
 rpi^oi, 'a hair,' and monad. An animalcule 
 found by M. Donne in the mucus of the vagina, 
 where cleanliness has not been attended to, and 
 to which he has given the name Trichom'onas 
 vagina'lis. By some it is considered to be no- 
 thing more than ciliated epithelium separated 
 from the uterus. 
 
 TRICHOMYCES TONSURANS, Porrigo de- 
 calvans. 
 
 TRICHONOSIS, Porrigo— t. Furfuracea, Por- 
 rigo decalvans — t. Plica,Plica — t.Poliosis.Poliosis. 
 
 TRICHON'OSUS, from Vf, rpixoi, 'hair,' and 
 votros, 'disease.' A disease of the hair. 
 
 TRICHOPHY'IA, Trichophyfica, from Spi^, 
 Tp'.;^of, 'hair,' and (pvnv, 'to grow.' Remedies 
 that promote the growth of the hair. 
 
 TRICHOPHYTON TONSURANS, see Porrigo 
 decalvans. 
 
 TRICHOSAN'THES, AMA'RA, (5p,f. rpixo?, 
 ' hair,' and av^ri, ' a flower.') Order, Cucurbita- 
 cea?; a plant of India; the seeds are bitter and 
 astringent, sometimes emetic. In Jamaica, it is 
 considered to be a poison, and is used for killing 
 rats. 
 
 Trichosanthes Corda'ta. The root is used 
 59 
 
 by the natives of India as a substitute for Ca- 
 lumba root. 
 
 Trichosanthes Cucump;r'ina. The fruit ia 
 considered in India to be anthelmintic. 
 
 Trichosanthes Inci'sa, Gashed Trichosanthes, 
 of the forests of India. The fruit is esteemed to 
 be poisonous. Pounded and intimately blended 
 with cocoa nut oil, it is used in India as an appli- 
 cation to oifensive sores of the ears, and to 
 ozosna. 
 
 Trichosanthes Villo'sa, of Java.. The fruit 
 acts like coloc.ynth. 
 
 TRICHOSCHISIS, Schizatrichia. 
 
 TPiICHO'SIS, Pj'Za're malum; from vfpif, Tpi- 
 XOi, 'hair.' Morbid organization or deficiency 
 of hair. A genus in the system of Good. 
 
 Trichosis, Entropion, Trichiasis — t. Area, 
 Porrigo decalvans — t. Athrix, Alopecia — t. Dis- 
 trix, Distrix — t. Furfuracea, Porrigo furfurans — 
 t. Hirsuties, Hirsuties — t. Plica, Plica — t. Polio- 
 sis, Poliosis — t. Setosa, Hystriciasis. 
 
 TRICHOTON, Scalp, 
 
 TRICHURIS, Trichocephalus, 
 
 TRICLISPERMA GRANDIFLORA, Polygala 
 pauoifolia. 
 
 TRICUS'PID, Trictis'pis, Tricuspida'lis, Tri- 
 cuspida'tus, from tri, and cuspis, cuspidis, 'a 
 point.' That which has three points. 
 
 Tricuspid Valves, Val'vulw Tricus'pidea seu 
 triglo'chines seu trisvTcce, are three triangular, 
 valvular duplicatures, formed by the inner mem- 
 brane of the right cavities of the heart, around 
 the orifice by which the auricle communicates 
 with the ventricle. The elongated and pointed 
 top of each of these valves is continuous with the 
 chordte tendineaa, which set out from the columnfe 
 carnese of the heart. These valves are depressed 
 to allow the blood to flow from the auricle into 
 the ventricle ; and are raised to prevent its reflux 
 into the auricle. 
 
 TRIENS, Un'cicB qua'tnor. From tri, 'three.' 
 The third part of a pound. Four ounces, Troy. 
 
 — Galen. 
 TRIFACIAL, Trigemini, 
 TRIf£mORO-ROTULIEN, Triceps cruris— 
 
 t. Tihi-rotulien, Triceps cruris. 
 
 TRIFOLIUM ACETOSUM, Oxalis acetosella 
 
 — t. Aquaticum, Menyanthes trifoliata — t. Au- 
 reum, Ilepatica triloba — t. Cervinum, Eupatorium 
 cannabinum — t, Fibrinum, Menyanthes trifoliata 
 — t. Hepaticum, Hepatica triloba. 
 
 Trifo'liumMelilo'tus Officina'lis, T. offic"- 
 ina'le sen odor a' turn seu cuhalli'num ; from tri, 
 und folium, 'a leaf.' Melilotus, Melilo'tvs cit'ri- 
 na, Lotus sylves'tris, Ser'tula Compa'na, Coru'va 
 re'gia, Common mel'ilot, (F.) Melilot. Ord. Le- 
 guminosfe. &.r. ;S'J/8^ Diadelpbia Decandria. The 
 infusion or distilled water of this plant has been 
 employed in cases of ophthalmia. It has also 
 been used in fomentations, glysters, &c. 
 
 Trifoltom Officinale, 'T. melilotus ofiicinalis 
 
 — t. Paludosum. Menyanthes trifoliata — t. Pa- 
 lustre, Menyanthes trifoliata. 
 
 TRIGAS'TRIC, Trigas'tricne, Triven'fer; from 
 /)•/, and yaarrip, 'belly,' That which has three 
 bellies. An epithet for muscles so circumstanced. 
 
 TRIGEM'INI, Tergem'ini, from tri, and gem'- 
 invs, 'double;' 'threefold,' 'triplets.' Ihe ffth 
 pair of nerves, Nervi divt'si seu guatato'rii, Ner- 
 vus quill f us seu tremellus seu mixtus seu eympathet'- 
 icus me'dius seu symjoath'icus medius seu anon'ymvs 
 sei\innomina'tu8,Partrigem'innm seu quintiim ner- 
 vorum cerehra'lium seu trium fnnieulo'riim, Tri- 
 fa'cial, (F.) Nerf gustatif innomine, Nerf d trois 
 cordea, Nerf trijumeau. This nerve arises below 
 the tuber annulare by one large posterior root from 
 the corpora restiformia, and by two small ante- 
 rior roots from the corpora olivaria, whence, pre- 
 
TRIGONE CEREBRAL 
 
 930 
 
 TRISPLANCHNIC 
 
 ceeding forwards to the side of the sella Turcica, 
 the filaments composing the large root form a 
 ganglion — the Gasserian. Emerging from this 
 ganglion, the filaments, of which the large root 
 consists, form, with those constituting the small 
 roots, and which had not passed through the 
 ganglion, two flattened trunks, each of which is 
 soon divided into three branches, in such a man- 
 ner, however, that i\i& first, or ophthalmic branch, 
 and the second or upper maxillary, are composed 
 exclusively of the filaments that arose from the 
 corpora restiformia and passed througli the Gas- 
 serian ganglion; whilst the third or loioer maxil- 
 lary branch is composed in part of those fila- 
 ments, and in part of those that arose from the 
 corpora olivaria, and passed on one side of the 
 ganglion without going through it. The whole, 
 therefore, of the first and second branches, and a 
 part of the third are sensiferous nerves, whilst 
 the remaining part of the third — the man'duca- 
 tory or mas'ticatory — is wholly motiferous, and 
 passes to the pterygoid and other muscles con- 
 cerned in mastication. 
 
 TRIGONE CEREBRAL, Fornix— f. Vesical, 
 see Urinary Bladder. 
 
 TRIGONEL'LA FCENUM, T. Foe'nvm. Grce'- 
 cum, diminutive of trigona, three sided — from the 
 shape of its flower; Fen'ugreek, Foe'nugreek, Foe- 
 num GrcB'cum, Bu'ceras, B. Foenum, Grae'ciim, 
 Carphos, ^goc"eras, (F.) Fenugrcc, Senigrain. 
 Ord. Leguminosaj. Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decan- 
 dria. A native of the south of France. The 
 Beeds have a strong, disagreeable smell, and an 
 unctuous, farinaceous taste ; accompanied by a 
 slight bitterness. They are chiefly used in poul- 
 tices. 
 
 TRIGONIUM OLFACTORIUM, see Mam- 
 millary eminence. 
 
 TRIGONOS, Triangular. 
 
 TRIGONUS VESICA, see Urinary bladder— 
 t. Lieutaudi, see Urinary bladder. 
 TRUUMEAUX, Trigemini. 
 TRIL'LIUM LATIFO'LIUM, from trilix, 
 'triple,' — all the parts being in threes. Broad- 
 leaf Bethroot, Bethroot, Rattlesnake root, Wake- 
 robin, Coughroot, Indian Balm, Ground Lily, 
 Jews' Harp, Indian Shamrock, Pariswort, Trne- 
 I'ive. Ord. Trilliacese. Sex. Syst. Hesandria 
 Trigynia. A plant peculiar to North America, 
 which blossoms in the spring. The root is as- 
 tringent. 
 
 There are many species of Trillium, all of which 
 possess the same properties. 
 TRIOCEPHALIA, Aprosopia. 
 TRIOR'CHIS, from tri, and op^i;, < a. testicle.' 
 One who has three testicles. 
 
 TRIOSTEOSPERMUM, Triosteum. 
 TRIOS'TEUM, T. Perfolia'twn seu majns, from 
 tri, and octcov, 'a bone,' in allusion to the three 
 bony nuts; Triosteosper'mvm, Bastard Ipecacu- 
 an'ha, Fever Root, Fevcrwort, Tinker's weed, 
 Horse ginseng or gentian, Ipecac, Wild Coffee, 
 White ginseng, Gen'tian, White Gentian, Sioeet 
 Bitter. Indigenous ; Ord. Caprifoliaeeae. In 
 very large doses, the bark of the root proves 
 emetic. It is a good cathartic, in doses of twenty 
 or thirty grains. It sometimes operates as a diu- 
 retic. 
 
 Triosteum Augustifolium, T. minus, has 
 similar virtues. 
 
 TRIPE DE ROCHE. Different lichens of the 
 species Gyrophora, inhabiting the Arctic regions 
 of America, bear this name. They are eaten as 
 food by the hunters. 
 
 TRIPHAR'MACUM, r^i0ap/<n«ov. From tri, 
 and (papiiaKov, ' a medicine.' A medicine composed 
 of thre- ingredients. 
 
 TRIPLET, from triplex, 'triple.' One of three 
 
 children born at the same accouchement or ges- 
 tation. Also, relating to triplets — as a 'triplet 
 conception.' 
 
 Triplet Monsters, Monstra trip'lica seu tri- 
 gem'ina, are such as have parts of the body tripled. 
 They are rare. 
 
 TRIPOD, VITAL, (F.) Trepied vital. The 
 heart, lungs, and brain have been so called, as 
 their united action is necessary for the mainten- 
 ance of life. 
 
 TRIPSIS, Contusio, Trituration. 
 
 TRIPUDIATIO SPASTICA, Chorea. 
 
 TRIQUETRA OSSA, Wormiana ossa. 
 
 TRIQUETRUM, (OS,) Cuneiform (bone.) 
 
 TRISIS, Brygmus. 
 
 TRISMUS, from rpi^u, ' I gnash.' Enta'sia seu 
 Tonos J'rismus, Capis'triun, Mas'ticatory spasm 
 of the face, Locked Jaw, Spasmus seu Rigor seu 
 Tet'anus maxill'm inferio'ris, Gnathospas'mus, 
 Stomatospas'mus, (F.) 3Ial de JUachoire. Spastic 
 closure of the under jaw ; a partial tetanus. Cul- 
 len makes two varieties — T. nascen'tium seu ne- 
 onato'rum, Nineday fits, (F.) Sarrete, attacking 
 infants during two weeks from birth; and T. trau- 
 maticus, originating from a wound. 
 
 Trismus Capistratus, BrSdissure — t. Catarrh- 
 alis maxillaris, Neuralgia maxillaris — t. Clonicus, 
 Neuralgia faciei — t. Cynicus, see Canine laugh — 
 t. Diastrophe Sauvagesii, Paralysis, Bell's — t. 
 Dolorificus, Neuralgia faciei — t. Maxillaris, Neu- 
 ralgia faciei — t. Nascentium, see Trismus — t. 
 Neonatorum, see Trismus — t. Sardonicus, Risus 
 sardonicus. 
 
 TRISPERM'UM, from tri, and anepfta, 'a grain 
 or seed.' A cataplasm, consisting of three seeds, 
 — cumin, bay, and smullage. Gorrseus. 
 
 TRISPLANCHNIA, Cholera. 
 
 TRISPLANCH'NIC, Trisplanch'nicus, (F.) 
 Trisplanehnique ; from tri, and aT:\a'y)QiQv, 'vis- 
 cus.' That which relates to three orders of 
 viscera. 
 
 Trisplanchnic Nerve, Nervua trisplanch'ni- 
 cus seu sympathet'icus magnus sen sympatli'icKS 
 seu ganglion'icus seu vaso-moto'rius, (F.) Nerf 
 sympathiqtie ou grand sympathique, Great sympa- 
 thet'ic, Intercos'tal, Ganglion'ic orver'tebral nerve, 
 Nerve of organ'ic life; — named by Bichat the 
 organic nervous system, in opposition to the other 
 nervous parts, called the animal nervous system. 
 Gall terms it, the nervous system of the automatic 
 functions. It has also been called the gangli- 
 onic nervous system. It is termed Trisplanchic, 
 because it distributes its branches to the or- 
 gans in the three great splanchnic cavities — 
 the head, chest and abdomen. It is com- 
 posed of a series of ganglia, united by inter- 
 mediate branches, and passing along the side 
 of the spine to the lowest part of the trunk; 
 communicating, by a branch, with each of the 
 thirty pairs of spinal nerves and several of the 
 cerebral nerves; and detaching nerves from its 
 several ganglia, which accompany the arteries, 
 and are distributed, particularly, to the organs 
 of involuntary functions. At its upper part it is 
 concealed in the canalis caroticus and cavernous 
 sinus, and is joined there by a branch of the 6th 
 pair of nerves, and by a twig from the Vidian 
 nerve of the 6th pair. In passing down by the 
 side of the spine, it forms three ganglia in the 
 neck: — the superior, middle, (thyroid ganglion,) 
 and inferior, [ver'tebral ganglion); 12 in the back 
 — the thoracic; 5 in the loins — the lumbar ; and 
 three or ioxxr sacral. When it reaches the coccyx 
 it unites with its fellow from the opposite side, 
 forming a small ganglion — the coccyge'al, Gon'- 
 glion impar, az'ygous gan'glion. Meckel divides 
 it into two portions — 1. The central ganglions or 
 central part, composed of the numerous gangli- 
 onic plexuses in the abdomen ; the centre of which 
 
TRISPLANCHNITIS 
 
 931 
 
 TROCHISCUS 
 
 is the semilunar and solar plexuses. 2. The ex- 
 ternal ganglions, Limitrophes or external part, 
 which comprise the series of ganglions situate at 
 the sides of the spine, from the base of the cra- 
 nium to the sacrum. The great sympathetic 
 seems to form a distinct nervous system, destined 
 for the organs of involuntary motion; fur although 
 communicating with both brain and spinal mar- 
 row, it does not seem to be immediately under 
 the influence of either. Its special functions are 
 not yet, however, well understood, and are the 
 subject — as they have always been — of much 
 interesting investigation. 
 
 TRISPLANCHNITIS, Cholera, (spasmodic.) 
 TRISSAGO, Teuerium chamsedrys — t. Palus- 
 tris, Teuerium scordium. 
 
 TRISTEMANIA, Melancholy. 
 TRISTERN'AL. Beclard has given this name 
 to the third bony portion of the sternum; — that 
 which corresponds to the third intercostal space. 
 TRISTITIA, Athymia, Moeror. 
 TRIT^OPHYA AMERICANA, Fever, yel- 
 low. 
 
 TRIT^OPH'YES, Tritceoph'ija, from rpiraio;, 
 'tertian,' and (pvoi, '1 become.' A fever, whose 
 type approaches the tertian. Sauvages gave the 
 name TritcBophya Vratislavien' sis, to an epidemic, 
 which broke out in the Prussian army at Breslaw, 
 in the middle of the last century. 
 TRITiEUS, Tertian fever. 
 TRIT'ICUM ^STI'VUM, from terere, tritum, 
 'to thrash.' T. eerea'le seu Cevallos seu compac'- 
 tum seu erina'ceum seu Gaertneria'num seu Lin- 
 noBa'num seu pruino'sum, Summer wheat; and 
 Tkit'icum Hybern'um seu glaucum seu Mu'ti- 
 cum seu Sic'ulum, Winter wheat, (F.) Froment. 
 Ord. Gramineee. Sex. Si/st. Triandria Digynia. 
 From these plants our wheaten flour is obtained, 
 by grinding the seeds — Wheat, Pyrus, Frumen'- 
 tum — and to them we are indebted for our bread 
 and pastry. The nutritive properties of wheaten 
 flour are so well known as not to need comment. 
 Bread, (F.) Pain, mixed with milk, constitutes 
 the ordinary emollient poultice ; — and the crumbs 
 of bread. Mica panis, are a common excipient 
 for pills and boluses. 
 
 Triticum Artbnse, T. repens — t. Gereale, T, 
 aestivum — t. Cevallos, T. sestivum • — • t. Com- 
 pactum, T. aestivum — t. Faginum, Polygonum 
 fagopyrum — t. Gaertnerianum, T. asstivum — t. 
 Glaucum, T. hybernum, and T. repens — t. Hyber- 
 num, see T. aestivum — t. Muticum, T. hybernum 
 — t. Linnaeanum, T. aestivum — t. Pruinosum, T. 
 aestivum. 
 
 Trit'icum Repens, T. arven'se seu glaucum, 
 Agrop'yrum lavis'simum, Bromus glaber, Gramen 
 cani'nuni seu Dioscor'idis seu repens, Lolia'ceutn 
 radi'ce repen'ie. Dog-grass, Couch-grass, Quickens, 
 Twitch-grass, (Sc.) Ronnachs, (F.) Chiendent. 
 The roots are sweet, and possess aperient pro- 
 perties. They are said, also, to be diuretic. 
 Triticum Siculum, T. hybernum. 
 TRITIO, Contritio, Trituration. 
 TRITON PALUSTRIS, see Ectozoa. 
 TRITORIUM, Infundibulum. 
 TRITURA, Contritio. 
 
 TRITURA'TION, Tritura'tio, Tritu'ra, Tritus, 
 Tri'tio, Tripsis, from terere, tritum, 'to bruise.' 
 The act of reducing a substance to powder. 
 TRlT^RATIO^f, Contritio. 
 TRITUS, Contritio, Trituration. 
 TRIVELIN, see Liver. 
 TRIVENTER, Trigastrie. 
 TROCAR, Trochar, Acus paracent'iea seu pa- 
 racentet'ica seu triq'uetra vulga'ris, Paracenti'- 
 cion, Paracentete' rion. Corrupted from the (F.) 
 Troisquarts or Trocart, 'three quarters;' so called 
 from the triangular shape of the point — Triq'uet- 
 rum. An instrument used for evacuating fluids 
 
 from cavities, particularly in ascites, hydrocele, 
 &Q. A trocar consists of a perforator or stylet 
 and a canula, which is so adapted to the per- 
 forator, that, when the puncture is made, both 
 enter the wound with facility; after which, the 
 stylet being withdrawn, the canula remains in 
 the wound and afi"ords the fluid a ready passage 
 outwards. 
 
 TROCART, Trocar. 
 
 TROCH, Trochiscos. 
 
 TROCHAN'TER, Trohanter, Rota'tor, from 
 rpo'x^aa, 'I turn.' Anatomists ha"e given the 
 names great and little trochanter to two processes 
 at the proper extremity of the femur. The great 
 trochanter, glutus, is the one on the outside ; the 
 less is lower down and more internally. Both 
 afford attachment to rotator muscles of the thigh, 
 and hence their name. Chaussier, by the word 
 trochanter, means the larger process; the smaller 
 he calls trochantin. 
 
 TROCHANTER'IAN, Trochanteria'nus, Tro- 
 Icanter'ian. That which belongs or relates to the 
 great trochanter. — Chaussier. 
 
 TROCHANTIN'IAN, Trokantin'ian, Trochan- 
 tinia'nus. That which belongs or relates to the 
 trochantin or less trochanter. 
 
 TROCHAR, Trocar. 
 
 TROCHES OF CARBONATE OF LIME, 
 Troohisci carbonatis caleis — t. of Chalk, Tro- 
 chisci carbonatis caleis — t. Escharotic, Trochisci 
 escharotiei — t. Gum, Trochisci gummosi — t. of 
 Gum Arabic, Trochisci acacias — t. of Ipecacuanha, 
 Trochisci ipecacuanhte — t. of Lactucarium, Tro- 
 chisci lactucarii — t. Liquorice, Trochisci glycyr- 
 rhizre — t. Liquorice, with opium, Trochisci gly- 
 cyrrhizfB cum opio — t. of Magnesia, Trochisci 
 magnesite — t. of Morphia, Trochisci morphias — 
 t. of Morphia and ipecacuanha, Trochisci mor- 
 phise et ipeeacuanhse — t. Nitre, Trochisci nitrati? 
 potassse — t. of Peppermint, Trochisci menthae 
 piperita — t. of Tartaric acid, Trochisci acidi tar- 
 
 TROCHIA, Orbit. 
 
 TROCHILIA, Trochlea. 
 
 TROCHIN, from rpoxauv, 'to turn.' Chaussier 
 has given this name to the smaller of the tubero- 
 sities at the upper extremity of the os humeri ; 
 because it gives attachment to one of the rotator 
 muscles of the arm, — the subscapularis. 
 
 TROCHIN'IAN, Trochinia'nus. That which 
 belongs or relates to the trochin. 
 
 TROCHIS'CUS, Phthois, Artis'cus, Collix, Go- 
 lix, Phthois'cos, Rot'ida, Cyclis'mos, diminutive 
 of Tpo)(^o;, *a wheel.' A troch or round table, (F.) 
 Trochisque. See Pastil, and Tabella. A solid 
 medicine, prepared of powders, incorporated by 
 means of mucilage, crumb of bread, juices of 
 plants, &o. In French nomenclature, the tro- 
 chisque differs from the tablette, — the former con- 
 taining no sugar. This form of preparation is 
 adapted for the purpose of allowing the medicines 
 of which the troch is composed to dissolve slowly 
 in the mouth, and to pass gradually into the 
 stomach. 
 
 The Parisian Code.x has two formulae for trtoches 
 for external use. 
 
 Trochisci Aca'cijE, Troches of Gum Ar'ahic. 
 (Acac.^iv; Amyli ^y, Sacchar. ^}}. Make into 
 a mass with rose water, and form lozenges.- — Ph. 
 E.) To allay cough. 
 
 Trochisci Ac"idi Tartar'ict, Troches of Tar- 
 taric Acid. (Acid. Tartar, ^y, Sacchar. ^viiy, 
 01. Limon. TTLx. Form into troches with muci- 
 lage. — Ph. E.) Refrigerant and demulcent. 
 
 Trochisci Bechici Nigri, T. glyoyrrhizas 
 glabra. 
 
 Trochisci Carbona'tis Calcis, T. e Cretd, T. 
 Creta (Ph. U. S.), Troches of Car'bonate of lime 
 or chalk, Lozenges for the heartburn, Tahel'lcB ad 
 
TROCHISCI E CRETA 
 
 932 
 
 TROPHI 
 
 ardo'rem ventric'uli seu cardial' giccB sen ad so- 
 dam. (C^;•e^ ppt. giv; wcac/cB, in^pulv. §j ; rtuj- 
 rist. in pulv. I^j ; mcch. in pulv. gvj. M. Form 
 into troches with water.) Antacid and absorbent. 
 
 Trociiisci e Crkta, T. carbonatis calcis — t. 
 Cretse, T. carbonatis calcis. 
 
 TnocHisci seu Pastil'lt Emeti'n^e Pectora'- 
 LES, Pectoral Lozenges of Em'etine. [Sugar, ^'iv, 
 emetine, 32 grains. Form into lozenges of nine 
 grains each.) One is a dose. 
 
 Troohisci Escharot'ici, Escharot'io Troches. 
 (Hydrarg. oxymur. p. 8; amyli, p. 16; mucilag. 
 g. trogae. q. s. Make into troches, to which a 
 few drops of laudanum may be added. — Ph. P.) 
 Used in foul ulcers, to remove excrescences, &c. 
 
 Trochisci Escharot'ici de Min'io. (Oxyd. 
 plumhi. rubr. p. 16 ; hydrarg. cxymnr. p. 32; mic. 
 panis, p. 128 ; aq. roscB, q. s. — Ph. P.) Used 
 like the last. 
 
 Trochisci Glycyrrhi'ZjE, T. 0. GlalrcB seu 
 Bech'ici niqri, Liq'uorice troches, Black pectoral 
 lozenges. [Ext. glyc. glahr., gum. acac. aa p. j ; 
 sacch. purif. p. ij. Dissolve in warm water; 
 strain ; evaporate, and form into troches. — Ph. E.) 
 Demulcent. To allay cough. 
 
 Trochisci Glycyrrhi'z^ cum O'pio, T. G. et 
 opii (Ph. U. S.) seu Theha'ici seu sedati'vo-bal- 
 sam'ici seu pectora' les regis Dano'rum, Liquorice 
 Troches tcith Opium, Wistar's Lozenges. (Opii, 
 in pulv. 5ss; ext. glycyrrhiz. in i)n\v. , sacchar, 
 in pulv., acacia, in pulv., aa ^x; ol. anisi, f.^j- 
 Make into troches. — Ph. U. S.) Demulcent and 
 anodyne. 
 
 Spitta's Lozenges for coryza, hoarseness, and 
 sore-throat, are composed as follows: — [Cuheh. 
 recent, in pulv. ^ij ; extract, glycyrrhiz. ^y, myr- 
 oxyl. 2ij : acacice., '^\y ; syrvp, q. s. Make into 
 troches of ten grains each. 
 
 Tkochisoi Guaimo'si, Oum Troches. [G. acac. 
 p. v; amyli, p. i; sacch. pnr. p. xij. Make up 
 the troches with rose-water. — Ph. E.) De- 
 mulcent. 
 
 Trochis'ci Ipecacuan'HjE, Troches of Ipeca- 
 cuanha. [Ipecacuanh. in pulv. ^ss; sacchar. m 
 ■pulv. 5xiv; marantcB, in pulv. §iv; mucilag. 
 tragacunth. q. s. Make into troches. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Trochisci Lactuca'rii, Troches of Lactuca'- 
 rittm. (Prepared with Lactucarium in the same 
 proportion and manner as the opium lozenges. — 
 Ph. E.) Each lozenge contains between the fifth 
 and sixth of a grain of lactucarium. 
 
 Trochisci Magne'sIjE, Troches of Magne'aia. 
 (Ifagnes. ,^iv; sacchar. Ibj ; myrist. pulv. ^j ; 
 mucilag. tragacanth. q. s. Make into troches. — 
 Ph. U. S.) Useful in acidity of the stomach, with 
 constipation. 
 
 Trochisci Mentha Piperi't^, Troches of 
 Peppermint. (01. menth. piperit. f ^j ; sacchar. 
 in pulv. Ibj; mucilag. tragacanthce, q. s. Make 
 into troches. — Ph. U. S.) Used as a carmina- 
 tive. 
 
 Trochisci Morph'IjE, Troches of STorph'ia. 
 (Morph. BTuriat.'^'y, Tinct. Tolut. ^ss ; Sacchar. 
 ^^xxv. Make into lozenges, with mucilage, 
 weighing 15 grains each. — Ph. E.) Each lozenge 
 contains about one-fortieth of a grain of muriate 
 of morphia. Used to allay cough. 
 
 Trochisci Morpe'ije et Ipecauuan'hjE, Tro- 
 ches of BTorph'ia and Ipecacnan'ha. (Morph. 
 nnir. Qj > Ipecac, pulv. ^j ; Tinct. Tnlut. f.^ss; 
 Sacchar. §xxv. Make into a mass with muci- 
 lage, and form lozenges, 15 grains each. — Ph. E.) 
 Each lozenge contains about one-fortieth of a 
 grain of the muriate. Used to allay cough. 
 
 Trochisci Nitra'tis Potas's^, Nitre Troches. 
 (Potasses nitrat. p. j; sacch. pur. p. iij. Make 
 into troches with mucilage of tragacanth. — Ph. 
 E.) In slight inflammatory sore-throat and 
 fever. 
 
 Trochisci Pectorales Regis Danorum, T. 
 glyeyrrhizaa cum opio — t. Sedativo-balsamica, 
 T. glycyrrhizae cum opio. 
 
 Trochis'ci Sodje IjICArbona'tis, Troches of 
 Bicar'honate of Soda. (Soda bicarb, ^iv; sac- 
 char. in pulv. ft)j ; mucilag. tragacanth. q. s. To 
 be made into a mass, and divided into troches, 
 each weighing ten grains. — Ph. U. S.) Antacid. 
 
 The Pastilles de Vichy, Pastilles digestives 
 d' Hauterive- Vichy, Pastil'li digesti'vi Darcet'ii, 
 composed of bicarbonate of soda, oil of pep- 
 permint, and sugar, are much used in France, 
 like the Vichy waters, in cardialgia, gout, and 
 lithiasis. 
 
 Trochisci Stibiati, Tabellse antimoniales 
 Kunckelii — t. Thebaici, T. glycyrrhizae cum 
 opio. 
 
 TROCHISQUE, Trochiseos. 
 
 TROCH'ITER, from Ti,oxaeiv, 'to turn.' The 
 larger of the two tuberosities at the upper extre- 
 mity of the OS humeri ; so called because it affords 
 insertion to rotator muscles. — Chaussier. 
 
 TROCHITER'IAN, in the language of Chaus- 
 sier, means any thing belonging or relating to 
 the trochiter. 
 
 TROCH'LEA, Trochil'ia, (F.) Trochlee ou 
 Troklee. A pulley ; from rpo^attv, ' to turn,' — for 
 example, the articular surface at the lower extre- 
 mity of the OS humeri; so called from its forming 
 a kind of pulley on which the ulna moves, in 
 flexion and extension of the forearm. Also, the 
 cartilaginous pulley over which the tendon of the 
 trochlearis muscle passes, at the upper and inner 
 part of the orbit. 
 
 Trochlea Labyrinthi, Cochlea. 
 
 TROCHLEARIS, Obliquus superior oculi. 
 
 TROOHLEATEUR, GRAND, Obliquus su- 
 perior oculi — t. Petit, Obliquus superior oculi. 
 
 TROCHLEE, Trochlea. 
 
 TRO'CHOID, from rpuxos, 'a wheel,' and ci6o;, 
 'resemblance.' Trocho'i'des, Ax'ea commissu'ra. 
 An articulation, in which one bone turns upon 
 another, like a wheel upon its axle; as the Atlo- 
 ido-axoid articulation. 
 
 TROCHOIDES, Axea commissura. 
 
 TROENE, Ligustrum vulgare. 
 
 TROTSQUARTS, Trocar. 
 
 TROKANTER, Trochanter. 
 
 TROKANTERIAN, Trochanteriafl. 
 
 TROKANTINIAN, Trochantinian. 
 
 TROKLEE, Trochlea. 
 
 TROLLIUS LAXUS, T. Ameriea'nus, Globe 
 flower; 0)'(/e»', Ranunculacese ; indigenous; has 
 the same medical properties as the Ranunculus. 
 
 TROMOMANIA, Delirium tremens. 
 
 TROMOPARANCEA, Delirium tremens. 
 
 TROMOS, see Paralysis agitans. 
 
 TROMOSPASMUS, Tremor. 
 
 TR03IPE, Tuhsi — t. d'Eustache, Eustachian 
 tube — t. de Fallope, Tuba Fallopiana — I. Uterine, 
 Tuba Fallopiana. 
 
 TROMUS, Tremor. 
 
 TRONC, Trunk— t. Brachial, Brachial artery 
 — t. Basilaire, Basilary artery. 
 
 TROPJS'OLUM MAJUS, Nastur'tivm Ind'i- 
 cum seu Peruvia'num, Acrivi'ola, Flos sanguiu'- 
 eus monar'di, Cardamin' dum majus, Car' damnum, 
 majus, Indian. Cress. Ord. Geraniaceae. Sex. 
 Syst. Octandria Monogynia. (F.) Cresson dee 
 Indes, Cresson du Mexique, Capucine. An anti- 
 scorbutic. 
 
 TropjE'olum Tubero'sdm, Ulluco. A tuberous 
 plant, cultivated in the Sierfa, Peru. It is smaller 
 than the potato. 
 
 TROPHALIS, Colostrum. 
 
 TROPHE, Aliment, Cibatio, Pabulum. 
 
 TROPIII. Same etymon as Trophy. In in- 
 
TROPHICAL 
 
 933 
 
 TUBE 
 
 sects, the parts of the mouth that are employed 
 in receiving and preparing the food. 
 
 TROPH'ICAL, Troph'iciw, (P.) Trophique. 
 Same etymon as Trophy. Relating to nourish- 
 ment or nutrition. 
 
 Troph'ical Nerves. The organic nerves, or 
 nerves of the sympathetic system, have been 
 so termed, from the belief that they are concerned 
 in nutrition. 
 
 TROPHIMOS, Nutrition. 
 
 TROPHONEURO'SES, from rp,j<p_i,, 'nourish- 
 ment,' and jieiirosis. Morbid conditions of the 
 process of nutrition, ovping to modified nervous 
 influence. — Romberg. 
 
 TROPHON'OSI, TropJinnu'si, from Tpo(pr,, 
 'nourishment,' and voaog, 'a disease.' Diseases 
 of nutrition. 
 
 TROPH'Y, Tropli'id, rpoibri, a suffi.x denoting 
 'nourishment or nutrition;' as in hy'^&xtropliy , 
 ' excess of nourishment or nutrition.' 
 
 TROPONU'Sr, Morhi trop'ici, from rporrti, the 
 solstitial or tropical point where the sun turns or 
 alters its course, and vovao^, 'a disease.' Dis- 
 eases that prevail in the tropics. 
 
 TROSTER, see Spirit. 
 
 TROU, Foramen — t. Anmiymp, Foramen stylo- 
 mastoideum — ^ Aveugle nu Bargne, Caecum fora- 
 men — t. Borgne of the Medulla oblongata, Fora- 
 men caecum of the medulla oblongata — t. de 
 Botal, Botal foramen. Ovale foramen — t. Dechire 
 anterieur, Lacerum anterius foi-amen — t. Dechire 
 posierieirr, Lacerum posterius foramen — t. Epi- 
 iienx, Spinale foramen — t. Mentonnier, Mental 
 foramen — t. Optiqne, Foramen opticum — t. Or- 
 bitaire siiperienr, Foramen supra-orbitarium — t. 
 Orhitaire fiiiperieur, Orbitar foramen superior — 
 ^ Ovale, Ovale foramen — t. Rond, petit, Spinale 
 foramen — t. Sous-orUitaire, see Suborbitar canal 
 — t. Soiis-piibien, Obturatorium foramen — t. Sphe- 
 110-epineux, Spinale foramen ■ — • t. Sas-orhitaire, 
 Foramen supra-orbitarium. 
 
 TROUS OAROTIDIENS, Carotica foramina 
 — (. Condi/luidiens, Condyloidea foramina — t. de 
 Conjdcjaison, Conjugationis foramina, see Verte- 
 br<e — t. Olfactifs, Olfactory foramina — t. Ra- 
 cln'dieiis, Spinal foramina. 
 
 TROUSSE, Case (pocket). 
 
 TROUSSE-GALANT, Cholera morbus. 
 
 TROUSSEAU, Fasciculus. 
 
 TR US SEA UX ARE [ERE- jVESENTE- 
 RIQUES (F.). A name given by Winslow to 
 the nervous plexus situate between the two me- 
 senteric plexuses, of which it is a dependence, 
 and which descends into the pelvis to concur in 
 the formation of- the hypogastric plexus. 
 
 TRUBS, Lycoperdon tuber. 
 
 TRUCK, see Medicament. 
 
 TRUCULENTUS, Homicidal. 
 
 TRUDGE BACKED, see Hump. 
 
 TRUELOVE, Paris, Trillium latifolium. 
 
 TRUE F I.:. Lycoperdon tuber. 
 
 TRUFFLE, Lycoperdon tuber — t. Hart's, 
 Elaphoravces uranulatus. 
 
 TRULLA, Fart. 
 
 TRUMBUS, Thrombus. 
 
 TRUMPET CREEPER, Tecoma radicans— t. 
 Flower, Tecoma radicans — t. Weed, Eupatorium 
 purpureum. 
 
 TRUNCUS, Trunk. 
 
 TRUNK, Truncus, (F.) Tronc. The principal 
 part of the body, to which the limbs are articu- 
 lated. The trunk has been divided into three 
 parts : — a sup>erior, the head; a middle, the tho- 
 rax, and an inferior, the pelvis. These three 
 regions contain the great splanchnic cavities. 
 They are united by a common stalk — the verte- 
 bral column. To the middle are articulated the 
 
 superior extremities j and, to the inferior, the 
 lower extremities. 
 
 The trunk of an artery, vein, nerve, or lym- 
 phatic, is its largest part, which has not 3'et given 
 off branches. It is, also, applied to the parent 
 vessel, after branches have been sent oiF. 
 
 TRUSS, from (F.) trousser, 'to tie up.' Bro- 
 che'riiim, Braehie'rium, Brachi'le, Brachi'roliim, 
 Bracheri'olum, Amma, Hamma, Suhligac'idum, 
 Snbiigatu'ra, (F.) Brayer. A hernial bandage 
 for keeping hernia reduced. The ancient trusses 
 were inelastic. They consisted simply of a pad 
 and strap. At the present day, elastic bandages 
 are alone employed. Thej' possess the advantage 
 of making an equable and continuous pressure on 
 the aperture of the sac, and of yielding to the 
 changes of form in the abdominal parietes. The 
 most important part of these bandages is a piece 
 of narrow steel, flat, and adapted to the shape of 
 the body. This is the spring, (F.) Ressort. It 
 embraces the body on the side affected; extends 
 from beyond the spine, and terminates opposite 
 the ruptured part, by an iron plate to which it is 
 riveted. The posterior surface of this plate is 
 furnished with a convex pad, (F.) Pelofe, adapted 
 in shape and size to the aperture which it has to 
 close. The spring is covered with leather, and its 
 inner surface is padded : a strap extends from its 
 posterior extremity ; passes round the sound side, 
 and is attached to the plate of the pad. This 
 strap is pierced with numerous holes, which allow 
 the patient to tighten or slacken it at pleasure. 
 Trusses have been variously constructed; and 
 different patents obtained fur the modifications. 
 They all act upon the above principle. Some- 
 times they have a double pad. 
 
 TRYGODES, Feculent. 
 
 TRY P ANON, Trepan. 
 
 TRYPESIS. Trepanning. 
 
 TRYPSIS, Friction. 
 
 TSCHERBET, Sherbet. 
 
 TSHETTJK, Upas tieute. 
 
 TSIANA, Costus. 
 
 TSJAMPACA, Michelia champaca. 
 
 TUBA, Tuloe— t. Aristoteliea, Eustachian tube 
 
 — t. Ca3ca, Tuba Fallopiana — t. Uterina, Tuba 
 Fallopiana — t. Vocalis, Tube, vocal. 
 
 TUBAL PREGNANCY, see Pregnancy, tubal 
 
 — t. Respiration, see Murmur, respiratory. 
 TUBE, Tuba, Trumpet, Salpinx, (F.) Trompe. 
 
 A name given to some parts which are hollow 
 and have the shape of a trumpet. 
 
 Tube, Alimentary, Canal, alimentary — t. 
 Eustachian, Eustachian tube. 
 
 Tube, Fallo'pian, Tuba Fallopia'na seu Fal- 
 lopii seu uteri'nn seu caca, Metrosalpinx, Hys'- 
 terosalpiiix, Oviduc'tus mulie'bris, Vas deferens 
 mulie'ris, Ductus varico'sus seu Proces'sns latera'- 
 lis seu Mea'tus semiua'lis seu Ile'atus semina'rius 
 n'teri, O'viduct, Vector canal, (F.) Trompe de 
 Eallope ou uterine, is a canal, floating in the ab- 
 domen, and extending on each side from the 
 superior angles of the uterus as far as the sides 
 of the brim of the pelvis. They are 4 or 5 inches 
 long. Near the uterus, they are straight and 
 very narrow ; but, in their course, they widen, 
 become tortuous, and terminate by a free, ex- 
 panded, and fim'briated extremity; called, also, 
 Folia'eeuni ornanien'tuni, Blorsus diab'oli, Tnfun- 
 dib'idum seu Digitatio'nes seu Fim'brice seu Vex- 
 illcB seu Lacin'im tuba'rum Eallo'jiii, (F.) Jfnr- 
 ceau f range. Pavilion de la trompe, Morceau dn 
 diable. Within, the tubes are hollow and lined 
 by a mucous membrane : the tissue exterior to 
 which is spongy and erectile. The use of the 
 Fallopian tubes is to conduct the sperm to the 
 ovarium, and the fecundated ovum back to the 
 uterus. They establish a communication between 
 the cavity of the peritoneum and that of the 
 
TUBER 
 
 934 
 
 TUBERCULIZATION 
 
 uterus, the abdominal termination being termed 
 Os'tiam nhdomina'le ; the uterine Os'tium titer !'- 
 num. When the tube embraces the ovary, a fun- 
 nel-shaped cavity — Oorol'la infundilnliform'is — 
 is formed at its extremity, into which the ovule 
 passes. 
 
 Tube, Intestinal, Canal, alimentary. 
 
 Tube, (Esophage'al, Stomach Tube. A long 
 elastic gum tube, capable of being passed into 
 the oesophagus or stomach. 
 
 Tube, Pollen, see Pollen. 
 
 Tube, Rectal, Defeca'tion tube. An elastic 
 gum tube, similar to the last, which is sometimes 
 passed into the colon, to remove air from that 
 intestine, or to enable enemata to be thrown up 
 into it. 
 
 Tube, Stomach, see Tube, oesophageal. 
 
 Tube, Vocal, Tuba voca'h's. The part of the 
 air passages above the inferior ligaments of the 
 larynx, including the passages through the nose 
 and mouth. 
 
 TUBER, Hump, Lycoperdon tuber. Tubercle 
 — t. Annulare, Pons varolii — t. Atlo'ido-occijyital, 
 Rectus capitis posticus minor — t. Cervinum, Ela- 
 phomyces granulatus — t. Cibarium, Lj'coperdon 
 tuber. 
 
 Tuber Cine'reus:, T. 0. cum Lifundib' ulo. A 
 grayish tubercle, seen at the base of the brain 
 behind the commissure of the optic nerves, which 
 is continuous with the infundibulum. 
 
 Tubek Corporis Callosi, see Corpus callosum. 
 
 Tuber Frontale, Frontal protuberance — t. 
 Gulosorum, Lycoperdon tuber — t. Gutturosum, 
 Bronchocele — t. hchio-trochanterien, Quadratus 
 feraoris — t. Ischii, see Ischiatic — t. Nigrum, Ly- 
 coperdon tuber — t. Parietale, see Parietal Bones 
 — t. Pellagra, PelLagra — t. Tympani, Promontory 
 of the tympanum. 
 
 TUBERA TERR^, Lycoperdon tuber. 
 
 TU'BERCLE, Tnber'culum, Tuber, Strangal'- 
 ion, Stran'galh, Tuber'culoiia dej^os'it, (vulg.) 
 a Kernel, a Knot, (F.) Tubercule. A tumour 
 in the substance of organs, from the production 
 of new matter; — sensation null; growth slug- 
 gish. In Pathological Anatomy, the term is 
 generally given to a species of degeneration 
 which consists of an opake matter, of a pale yel- 
 low colour: this, in its crude condition, has a 
 consistence analogous to that of concrete albu- 
 men : it subsequently becomes soft and friable, 
 and gradually acquires a consistence and appear- 
 ance analogous to those of pus. Tubercles may be 
 developed in different parts of the body: but they 
 are most frequently observed in the lungs and 
 mesentery. Pulmonary tubercles, Pneumophi/'- 
 mata, Tuber'eula Pidmo'num, (F.) Tubercides pul- 
 moitaires, are the cause of Tuber'cular Phthisis. 
 Mesenteric tubercles are often met with in the 
 same affection, but particularly in Tabes Jfesen- 
 tericn. Laennec classes tubercles among the 
 accidental tissues, which have no resemblance to 
 the natural tissues, and which never exist except 
 in consequence of morbid action. Others con- 
 sider them as a scrofulous degeneration. Brous- 
 sais conceives that they are produced exclusively 
 by inflammation of the white vessels, whose ex- 
 istence, however, is more than questionable. 
 When tubercles in any organ are few in number, 
 they may pass to the state of permanent indura- 
 tion without danger to the patient; but when 
 they are very numerous, they usually cause se- 
 rious mischief. Dr. Baron considers that they are 
 produced by hydatids. The morbid condition 
 which gives rise to the development of tubercles, 
 Tuberculiza'tion, is termed Tuherculo'sis, Morbus 
 tuberculo'sus, Sirumosis seu Phjmato'sis pubno- 
 num, and Dyscrn'sia Tubercido'sa. Tubercles are 
 seen of various forms, — to wit, in fine points, (F.) 
 Poussiere tuberculeuse, gray and yellow granu- 
 
 lations, miliary tubercles; and gray and yellow 
 tubercular masses, softened, and cretaceous. 
 
 Tubercle, Black, Melanosis — t. Painful sub- 
 cutaneous, see Neuroma. 
 
 TUBERCLES OF THE AREOLA, see Mam- 
 ma. 
 
 Tubercles, Pearly, T. seba'ceous viil'iary, 
 Follic'idar eleva'tiona. Small collections of se- 
 baceous matter in the sebaceous glands or ducts, 
 often seen in the thin skin of the lower eyelids, 
 where they sometimes attain an inconvenient 
 size. 
 
 Tubercles, Sebaceous Miliary, T. pearly. 
 
 TUBER'CULA ARAN'TII, Cor'pora seu Cor- 
 pus' cula Araii'tii, Tubercles of Arantius or Aranzi. 
 Small eminences at the middle part of the convex 
 edge of the semilunar valves of the pulmonary 
 artery and aorta. 
 
 Tubercula Arthritica, Calculi, arthritic — t. 
 Cerebri, Encephalophymata — t. Gouorrhoica, Go- 
 norrhoea impura — t. llepatis, Hepato-strumosie — 
 t. Intestinorum, Enterophymata — t. Nervorum 
 nodosa, Ganglions, nervous — t. Parva durse ma- 
 tris, Glandulse Pacchioui — t. Peritoneei, Coelio- 
 phymata — t. Pulmonum, see Tubercles (of the 
 lungs) — t. Quadrigemina, Quadrigemina Tuber- 
 cula. 
 
 TUBER'CULAR, Tuber' culous, Tuberculo'sus, 
 Tuber'culate, Tuber' culated, (F.) Tuberculeux, 
 Tubercule. That which relates to tubercles, or 
 which is formed by tubercles. 
 
 Tubercular or Tuberculous Constitution 
 or Diathesis, Phthisio'sis, is the habit of body 
 which predisposes to tubercular phthisis; as Tu- 
 berculous Cachex'ia, Tuberculo'sis, Morbus tuber- 
 culo'sus, Dyscra'sia tuberculo'sa, is the condition 
 of one labouring under tuberculosis. 
 
 Tubercular Matter. A morbid jn-oduction, 
 contained in cysts, or loose in the tissue of or- 
 gans. It varies, in its consistence, at the differ- 
 ent periods of the tubercular affection : being, at 
 first, compact, and j'ellowish ; at times, calca- 
 reous; afterwards pultaceous, semi-fluid, and 
 curdy. See Tubercle. 
 
 Tubercular Phthisis is that produced by the 
 development of tubercles in the lungs. 
 
 Tubercular Sorb Throat, Pharyngitis, folli- 
 cular. 
 
 TUBERCULATE, Tubercular. 
 
 Tuberculate Sarco'jia of Ab'ernethy, Em- 
 phy'7na Sarcoma tnberculo'sum, Tumor tubercu- 
 losus. Tubercles, firm, round, and clustering; 
 pea-sized or bean-sized; yellowish or brownish- 
 red; when large, disposed to ulcerate, and pro- 
 duce a painful, malignant, and often fatal sore. 
 Found chiefly in the lymphatic glands of the 
 neck; often, simultaneous!}', in other glands and 
 organs. 
 
 TUBERCULATED, Tubercular — t. Liver, 
 Cirrhosis. 
 
 TUBERCULE, Tubercle. 
 
 TUBERCULE, Tubercular. 
 
 TUBERCULES BLJUMEAUX, Quadrige- 
 mina tubercula — t. des Glandes lymphatiques, 
 Scrofula — t. dn Foie, Hepatostrumosie — t. des 
 Ganglions Mesenteriques, Tabes mesenterica — 
 t. of the Larynx and Fauces, Pharyngitis, 
 follicular — t. Miliary, see Granulation — t. 
 Pisiformes, Mamillary tubercles — t. Pulmonaires, 
 see Tubercle — t. Quadrijumeaux, Quadrigemina 
 corpora. 
 
 TURERCULEUX, Tubercular. 
 
 TUBERCULI'TIS. A word of hybrid forma- 
 tion ; from tiibercu.lum, 'a tubercle,' and itia, 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of a tu- 
 bercle or of tubercular masses. — Jos. Frank. 
 
 TUBERCULIZATION, see Tubercle. 
 
TUBERCULOSIS 
 
 935 
 
 TUNAS 
 
 TUBERCULOSIS, see Tubercle, and Tubercu- 
 fyc Cachexia — t. Laryngis et Tracheae, Phthisis 
 laryngea — t. Pulmonum, Phthisis pulmonalis — 
 t. Tertebrarum, Vertebral disease. 
 
 TUBERCULOSUS, Tubercular. 
 
 TUBERCULOUS, Tubercular— t. Deposit, Tu- 
 bercle — t. Disease of the Lungs, Phthisis pul- 
 monalis — t. Dust, Poussiire tuherculeuse. 
 
 TUBERCULUM, diminutive of tuber, Tu- 
 bercle. 
 
 TuBERCDLUM Cine'reum, 'Ash Coloured tuber- 
 cle;' Fusci'ola cine'rea. A mass of cineritious 
 substance at the top of the calamus scriptorius, 
 which is continuous below with the posterior 
 horn of cineritious substance in the cord, and 
 upon the sides with the corpus restiforme. 
 
 TuBERCULUM Lacrymale, see Lachrymal 
 puncta — t. Loweri, Lower, tubercle of. 
 
 TUBEROSITAS, Tuberosity — t. Tympani, 
 Promontory of the tympanum. 
 
 TUBEROSITE BIOIPITALE, Bicipital tu- 
 bercle — t. Suiatique, see Ischiatic. 
 
 TUBEROS'ITY, Tuberos'itas, (F.) Tiiberosite, 
 from tuber, 'a, bump.' Anatomists have given 
 this name to an eminence or process, the surface 
 of which is unequal and rough; and which gives 
 attachment to muscles or ligaments. 
 
 TUBES OF FERREIN, see Uriniferous Tubes. 
 
 TUBI MEMBRANACEI, see Villous mem- 
 branes. 
 
 TU'BULAR, Tubula'ris, Tubulo'ms, (F.) Tu- 
 buleux, Tubnlaire. Same etymon as the next. 
 Relating to or having the form of a small tube. 
 An epithet applied to glands — Glan'dulcB tubu- 
 lo'scB, which, like those of the stomach, have the 
 shape of small tubes. 
 
 Tubular Blowing Sound, see Murmur, respi-" 
 ratory — t. Neurine, see Neurine — t. Substance of 
 the Kidney, see Kidney. 
 
 TUBULE, Tn'bulus; diminutive of Tuba, 'a, 
 lube.' A small tube. 
 
 TUBULEUX, Tubular. 
 
 TUBULI BELLINI, Uriniferous tubes -^t. 
 Contorti, see Uriniferous tubes — t. Durse matris. 
 Sinuses of the dura mater — t. Ferreinii, see Uri- 
 niferous tubes — t. Nervei, Nerve fibres — t. Pel- 
 vis renum, see Calix — t. Recti, see Rete testis and 
 Uriniferous tubes — t. Seminiferi, see Testicle 
 — t. Seminales, see Testicle — t. Uriniferi Bellini, 
 Uriniferous tuber!. 
 
 TUBULOSUS, Tubular. 
 
 TUBULUS, Cannula — t. Centralis Modioli, 
 see Tractus spiralis foraminulentus. 
 
 TUBUS ACUSTICUS, Ear-trumpet — t. Ali- 
 mentarius. Canal, alimentary — t. Intestinorum, 
 Canal, alimentary — t. Nervorum, Neurilemma — 
 t. Pollinicus, see Pollen — t. Vermicularis casci, 
 Appendix vermiformis caci. 
 
 TUCKAHO, Lycoperdon tuber. 
 
 TUE-GHIEN, Colchicum autumnale. 
 
 TULBAG'HIA ALLIA'CEA. A South Afri- 
 can plant, Nat. Ord. Asphodeleas, the bulbs of 
 which, boiled in milk, are recommended in phthi- 
 sis and as an anthelmintic. 
 
 Tulbaghia cepa'cea and T. viola'cea, serve the 
 same purpose. 
 
 TULIP, CAPE, Homeria collina — t. Tree, 
 Liriodendron. 
 
 TULIPIER, Liriodendron. 
 
 TULIPIFERA LIRIODENDRON, Lirioden- 
 dron tulipifera. 
 
 TUMEFACTIO, Swelling— t. Mollis, Puffiness. 
 
 TUMESCENTIA PITUITOSA, Leucophleg- 
 matia. 
 
 TU3IEUB, Tumour — t. Anomale, see Heema- 
 todes fungus — t. Blanche, Hydrarthrus — t. Ca- 
 verneuse, see Hasmatodes fungus — t. EncepJia- 
 lo'ide, Encephaloid — t. Erectile, see Ilsematudes 
 
 fungus — t. Fongoide, Encephaloid — t. Fongueuse; 
 Encephaloid — t. Hemorrlwyiale circoiiserite, see 
 Aneurism — t. Li/mphatique des articulations, 
 Hydrarthrus — t. Ossivore, Encephaloid — t. Pul- 
 peuse, Encephaloid — t. Spleuifor/iie, Encepha- 
 loid- — t. Spongieuse, Encephaloid- — t. Variqueusc, 
 see Haematodes fungus. 
 
 TUMOR, Swelling, Tumour— t. Albus, Hydrar- 
 thrus — t. Anomalus, Haematodes fungus — t. Arru- 
 um, Obdormitio — t. Capitis Sanguineus, Cepbalas- 
 matoma — t. Carneus, Sarcoma — t. Cysticus, En- 
 cystis — t. Cysticus serosus. Hygroma — t. Dos- 
 moides, Tumour, fibrous — t. Fibrosus, Tumour, 
 fibrous — t. Ficosus, Ficus — t. Flatulentus, Em- 
 physema — t. Fugax, see Fugacious — t. Fungo- 
 sus articuli. Spina ventosa — t. Fungosus sangui- 
 neus, Haematodes fungus — t. Gangliformis, Gan- 
 glion, nervous — t. Genarum, Meloneus — t. Genu 
 albus, Genocace — t. Glandulje parotidese, Paroti- 
 doncus — t. Laeteus, Galaetocele — t. Lardeus, 
 Steatoma — t. Malarum, Meloneus — t. Ovarii, 
 Oarioneus — t. Parotidis, Parotidoncus — t. Pro- 
 statEe, Prostatoncus — t. Renalis, Nephroncus — t. 
 Sanguineus, Hsematoma — t. Squamiformis carno- 
 sus, Lepidosarcoma — t. Tuberculosus, Tubercu- 
 late sarcoma — t. Tunieatus, Encystis — t. Uteri, 
 Hysteroncus. 
 
 TUMOUR, from tumeo, 'Iswell;' Tumor, Oneos, 
 Oncus, Epar' nia,Eparsis, Emp}iy'rna,Exerescen'tia 
 (Sauvages), Ecphij'jna, (So.) Svmlme, (F.) Tumeur. 
 A rising or prominence, of greater or less size, 
 developed by a morbific cause in some part of the 
 body. Cullen defines a tumour to be " a partial 
 swelling without inflammation." Sauvages re- 
 stricts the term to a rising formed by the conges- 
 tion of a fluid; and he calls excrescences those 
 which have a fleshy or osseous consistence. Boyer 
 defines it " any preternatural eminence developed 
 on any part of the body." Good uses it synony- 
 mously with tubercle. Beyer's is the best gene- 
 ral definition. Tumours differ greatly from each 
 other; according to their seat, the organs inte- 
 rested, their nature, &c. 
 
 The French use the term Tumeur blaucTie sy- 
 nonymously with White Swelling ; — see Hydrar- 
 thrus. The term is, however, applied by the 
 generality of surgeons to swellings of the greater 
 joints, without change of colour of the skin, and 
 of a more or less firm consistence, which are de- 
 pendent upon disease of the osseous or of the soft 
 parts about the joint. 
 
 Scrofula is the most common cause of these 
 affections. 
 
 Tumour, Cei.lulo-Fibrous, Tumour fibro-cel- 
 lular — t. Epithelial, see Epithelial. 
 
 Tumour, Fibro-Cel'lular, Celhdo-fibrotia tu- 
 mour. A soft and elastic form of fibrous tumour, 
 a variety of the gelatinous sarcoma of Rokitansky, 
 of which the softer kind of polypus of the nose is 
 an example. 
 
 Tumour, Erec'tile. A tumour produced by 
 the development of a soft, vascular tissue, which 
 is susceptible of elevation and depression. See 
 Erectile. 
 
 Tumour, Fibro-Plastic, Sarcoma. 
 
 Tumour, Fibrous, Fibrous growth, Fibro'ma, 
 Fibroid, Ino'ma, Tumor Jibro'sus seu desmu'ides, 
 Inohylo'ma. A tumour or growth formed of 
 fibrous tissue. 
 
 Tumour, Laminated Nacreous Fatty, Cho- 
 lesteatoma — t. Milk-like, Encephaloid — t. Phan- 
 tom, see Fantom. 
 
 Tdmour, Var'icose, Tumor varico'sus. A 
 circumscribed, bluish tumour, formed by the dila- 
 tation and turgesccnce of the capillary vessels of 
 a part. 
 
 Tumour, Vascular, see Hjemorrhois and 
 Nsevus. 
 
 TUNAS, see Cactus opuntia. 
 
TUNBRIDGE 
 
 93 6 
 
 TURNING 
 
 TUNBRIDGE, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 celebrated acidulous chalybeate in Kent, England, 
 a few miles distant from the villnge of Tunbridge, 
 and thirtj'-six miles south of London, which is 
 much frequented. It contains carbonic acid, car- 
 bonate of iron, and sulphate of magnesia. 
 
 TUNDA OCULI, Conjunctiva membrana. 
 
 TUNDU3 CORDIS, Mucro cordis. 
 
 TUNIC, Tu'nica, Chiton, a coat. An enve- 
 lope. A name given to different membranes, 
 which envelop organs ; as the tunics or coats of 
 the ej^e, stomach, bladder, &c. 
 
 TUNICA ACINALIS, Uvea — t. Aciniformis, 
 Uvea — t. Acinosa, Uvea — t. Adnata, Conjunc- 
 tiva — t. Adventitia, see Artery — t. Agnata, Con- 
 junctiva — t. Alba oculi, Sclerotic — t. Albuginea, 
 Albuginea, see Kidney — t. Albuginea oculi. Scle- 
 rotic — t. Allantoides, Allantois — t. Arachnodes, 
 Arachnoid membrane — t. Aranea, Arachnoid 
 membrane — t. Caduea, Decidua — t. Candida oculi, 
 Sclerotic — t. Carnosa, Panniculus carnosus — t. 
 Cellularis, see Artery — t. Conjunctiva, Conjunc- 
 tiva — t. Costalis, Pleura — t. Crassa, Decidua — t. 
 Cry>^tallina, Arachnoid membrane — t. Dartos, 
 see Dartos — t. Dura oculi. Sclerotic — t. Durior et 
 crassa, Sclerotic — t. Elastica, see Artery — t. Ely- 
 troides. Vaginalis tunica — t. Erythroides, Cre- 
 master — t. Exterior ovi, Decidua — -t. Externa, see 
 Artery — t. Extiraa oculi. Sclerotic — t. Farcimina- 
 lis, Allantois — t. Fibrosa, see FoUiculi Graafian! 
 — t. Filamentosa, Decidua — t. Glabra, see Artery. 
 
 Tunica Graxdlo'sa. An investment of the 
 ovum exterior to the zona pellueida, described by 
 Dr. Barry, but the existence of which, as a struc- 
 ture, distinct and independent from the membrana 
 gr.Tnulosa, is denied. 
 
 Tunica Hortensis, Dianthus earyophyllus — 
 t. Innominata oculi, Sclerotic — t. Interna oculi. 
 Retina — t. Intima, see Artery. 
 
 Tunica Jaco'bi, Memhra' na Jaeo'hi, Jacob's 
 coat or memhrane. A highly delicate serous 
 membrane, interposed between the retina and 
 the choroid coat, discovered b}' Dr. Jacob, of 
 Dublin. Its structure is curious, being composed 
 of cylindrical, transparent, highly refractive staff- 
 shaped bodies, and hence called Stratum hacillo'- 
 riim seu hacilla'tum, Ba'cillar layer of the retina, 
 which are arranged perpendicularly to the sur- 
 face of the retina, their outer extremities being 
 imbedded, to a greater or less depth, in a layer 
 of the pigmentum nigrum. 
 
 Tunica Media, see Artery — t. Museularis, 
 Dartos — t. Nervea oculi, Retina — t. Nervorum, 
 Neurilemma — t. Perforata, Uvea — t. Pra3tensa 
 abdominis, Peritonaeum — t. Propria, see Kid- 
 ney — t. Reticularis, Retina — t. Retiformis, 
 Retina — t. Rhagoides, Choro'idea tunica, Uvea 
 — t. Rubicunda scroti, Dartos — t. Rubra, 
 Dianthus caryophj^Uus — t. Ruyschiana, see 
 Choroid — t. Subcostalis, Pleura — t. Thoracis, 
 Corset — t. Uvalis, Uvea — t. Uvea, Uvea — 
 t. Uviformis, Uvea — t. Vaginalis, see Vaginal — 
 t. Vaginalis Linguje, see Tongue — -t. Vaginalis 
 Propria, Vaginal coat of the Testicle — t. Vagi- 
 nalis refiexa. Vagina! coat of the Testicle — t. 
 Vaginalis testis, see Testicle — t. Vasculosa oculi. 
 Choroid, see Eye. 
 
 Tunica Vasculo'sa Testis, Pia mater testis. 
 An extremely delicate membrane, consisting of 
 minute ramifications of the spermatic vessels 
 united by areolar tissue, which separates the 
 lobules of the testis from each other. It is situ- 
 ate immediately within the tunica albuginea, and 
 encloses the substance of the gland. It sends 
 processes inward that separate the lobules, in the 
 same manner as the pia mater is refl.ected between 
 the convolutions of the brain. 
 
 TuNiSA ViTREA, Hyaloid membrane. 
 
 TUNICULA; Clitoris. 
 
 TUNIQUE ALBUGINEE, Albuginea — < 
 Comip'ine de Bichat, Endangium. 
 
 TUN'NELLING. a term, sometimes em- 
 ployed for the treatment of stricture of the urethra, 
 by making pressure upon it from within so as to 
 promote its removal by absorption. 
 
 TUXNYFISH, SALTED, Omotarichos. 
 
 TUPHLO-ENTERITIS, Typhlo-enteritis. 
 
 TUPHUS, Typhus. 
 
 TUPINARIA, Talpa. 
 
 TURBA HEMORRHOID ALIS, see Hiemor- 
 rhois. 
 
 TURBATIONES ANIMI, Affections of the 
 mind. 
 
 TUR'BINATED bones, Ossa twhina'ta. 
 Bones shaped like a top; from turho, turhinis or 
 tiirhen, 'atop;' Ossa spongio'sa, 0. ter'tia max- 
 illa siiperio'ris, Cornua, Conchm na'rinm seu 
 ven'eris, Tiir'hines nasi seu na'rium, Conchyl'ia, 
 Bucci'na, Lam'incB sponijio'scB nasi, (F.) Cornets. 
 Very thin, bony plates, rolled up in the form of 
 horns, and situate in the nasal fossa. 1. Os spon- 
 gio'suin supe'rius or Cornet de 3forgagni ; — the 
 highest. 2. Os spongiosum me'dium, the 'middle 
 cornii of French anatomists, — the ethmoid' al cornu 
 or Os spiongiosum superius seu tnrhinatum, of 
 English anatomists, Os convolu'tum sujjerius. 
 Concha, C. na'rium supierior seu Morgagnia'na, 
 (F.) Cornet moijen. This bone projects inwards 
 and downwards into the cavity of the nose, from 
 the ethmoid cells at the side of the nasal lamella, 
 and serves to enlarge the organ of smell. It is 
 convex towards the septum, and concave out- 
 wards. 3. Os spiongiosnm seu turbinatum in/erius, 
 Concha inferior, Convolu'tum inferius os, Os sotis- 
 ethmo'idal (Ch.), projects at the under part of the 
 side of the nose, is convex towards the septum, 
 and concave outwards. It is connected to the 
 OS maxillare, os palati, and os unguis. 4. Sphe- 
 no'id'al cornu. 
 
 All the turbinated bones extend the olfactory 
 surface. 
 
 TURBINES NASI seu NARIUM, Turbinated 
 bones. 
 
 TVRBITH BLANC, Globularia alypum — t. 
 Mineral, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — t. Montpel- 
 lier. Globularia alypum — t. Noir, see Hydrargyri 
 oxydum cinereum — t. Plant, Convolvulus tur- 
 pethum. 
 
 TURBO CEREBRI, Pineal gland. 
 
 TURGENTIA, Tureescence. 
 
 TURGES'CENCE, " Turges'cency, Turgid'ity, 
 Tur'gidness,Turgescen'tia, Turgen'tia, Orgas'mus, 
 from turgescere, 'to begin to swell,' turgere, 'to 
 swell.' Superabundance of humours in a part. 
 The term Turgescence of Bile was formerly used 
 to denote the passage of that fluid into the sto- 
 mach, and its discharge by vomiting. A vital 
 action of turgescence or expansibility — Turgor 
 viia'lis — has been presumed to exist in certain 
 organs, as in the capillaries ; but the generaUty 
 of physiologists do not admit it. 
 
 TURGESCENTIA, Turgescence. 
 
 Turgescen'tia Vesic'cl* Fell'b^, Asci'tes 
 Hep'atO'Ci/s'ticus, Physco'nia seu Cystoce'le bili- 
 o'sa, Hepatal'gia Petitia'na, Hydrocliolecys'tis, 
 Hydrops vesi'coB fell'ecB, (F.) Hydropisie de la 
 Vesicule du Fiel, Distension de la Vesicule dn 
 Fiel, Cholicystiectasie. Distension of the gall- 
 bladder by bile. 
 
 TURGIDITY, Turgescence. 
 
 TURGIDNESS, Turgescence. 
 
 TURGOR VITALIS, see Turgescence. 
 
 TURMERIC, Curcuma longa, Sanguinaria 
 Canadensis. 
 
 TURN OF LIFE, see Menses. 
 
 TURNING, Yersio, from (F.) tourner, 'to turn.' 
 (F.) Version. 
 
 Versio FcetOs. The operation of bringing 
 
TURNIP 
 
 93 7 
 
 TYMPANITA 
 
 down the feet, or some part of the lower extremity, 
 when the presentation of the child is such that 
 it cannot be delivered by the natural efforts. 
 
 TURNIP, Brassica rapa — t. Dragon, Arum 
 triphyllum — t. Indian, Arum triphyllum — t. 
 Pepper. Arum triphyllum. 
 
 TURNS, Menses. 
 
 TURPENTINE, Terebinthina — t. Bordeaux, 
 see Pinus sylvestris — t. Briangon, see Pinus cem- 
 bra — t. Ohio, see Pistaoia terebinthus — t. Com- 
 mon, see Pinus sylvestris — t. Common, American, 
 see Pinus sylvestris — t. Cyprus, see Pistacia 
 terebinthus — t. Damarra, see Pinus damarra — t. 
 Dombeya, see Dombeya excelsa — t. Horse, see 
 Pinus sylvestris — t. Strasburg, see Pinus picea. 
 
 TuRPEXTiNE Tree, Pistacia terebinthus. 
 
 Turpentine, Venice, see Pinus larix— -t. Ve- 
 nice, true, see Pistacia terebinthus — t. White, see 
 Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 TURPETHUM, Convolvulus turpethum — t. 
 Minerale, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — t. Nigrum, 
 Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum. 
 
 TURQUETTE, Herniaria glabra. 
 
 TURQUOISE. This stone has been long im- 
 agined to change its colour, according as the 
 wearer is at the time in good or bad health: — 
 a superstitious notion. 
 
 TURTLE BLOOM, Chelone glabra— t. Green, 
 Chelonia mydas — t. Head, Chelone glabra. 
 
 TURUNDA, Tent. 
 
 TURUN'D^ ITAL'ICiE. Pastes made of 
 the finest and most glutinous wheat — known 
 under the names of Macearoui, Verimeelli and 
 Italian or Cagliari paste. 
 
 TURUNDULA, Tent. 
 
 TUSCARORA ACID SPRING, see Canada, 
 mineral waters of 
 
 TUSSACA RETICULATA, Goodyera puhes- 
 
 TUSSEDO, Tussis. 
 
 TUSSICULA, Tussis. 
 
 TUSSIC'ULAR, Tussicula'n's, Tussiculo'sus, 
 from diminutive of tussis, 'a cough.' Relating 
 to a cous;h, or to a slight cough. 
 
 TUSSICULOSUS, Tussicular. 
 
 TUSSILA'GO, T. Far' farm seu vulga'ris, from 
 tussis, 'a cough,' which it relieves; Be'chium, 
 Be'chion, Cal'ceum equi'num, Ohamceleu'ce, C'ha- 
 mcBgei' ran, Fil'ins ante patrem, Farfarel'la, Gal- 
 liomarehus, Farfara, F. Be'chium, Un'gula ca- 
 balli'na, Coltsfoot, Foal-foot, (F. ) Pas d'dne, 
 Herhe de Saint-Quirin. Ord. Compositae. Sex. 
 Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua. It is 
 demulcent and expectorant, and has been used 
 in coughs, and pulmonary affections in general, 
 and in some cutaneous diseases. 
 
 TussiLAGO Farfara, Tussilago — t. Hybrida, 
 T. petasites. 
 
 TossiLAGO Petasi'tes, T. hy'brida seu pe- 
 tasites hermaphrodi'ta, Petasites, P. major seu 
 ruhens seu officina'lis seu hi/'bridus seu vulga'ris. 
 Butterbur, Pestilent-wort. The roots of this plant 
 have been recommended as aperient and alexi- 
 pharmic. They have a strong smell ; and a bit- 
 terish, acrid taste, of the aromatic kind, but not 
 agreeable. 
 
 Tussilago Petasites Hermaphrodita, T. 
 petasites — -t. Vulgaris, Tussilago. 
 
 TUSSIS — diminutive, Tussic'ula; Begma, 
 Bex, Tusse'do, Bexis, Tussis nervo'sa, Catar' - 
 rhus, Pueusis Tussis, Cough, Coughiurj, (Prov.j 
 Couf (Sc.) Bost, Hoast, Hoist, (F.) Toitx. A vio- 
 lent, sonorous, frequent, and short expiration, by 
 means of which the air, in passing rapidly 
 through the bronchia and trachea, carries along 
 ■with it the mucus of the parts, which forms the 
 sputa. The cough is said to be dry, when unac- 
 companied by expectoration. It is symptomatic 
 of many diseases. See Bronchitis. 
 
 Tussis Amphemerina, Pertussis — t. Asinina, 
 Pertussis — t. Bronehica, Cough, tubal, see Bron- 
 chitis — t. Canina, Pertussis — t. Catarrhalis Sim- 
 plex, Catarrh — t. Clamosa, Pertussis — t. Clan- 
 gosa. Pertussis — t. Convulsiva, Pertussis — t. 
 Delassans, Pertussis — t. Ferina, Pertussis — t. 
 Pueros strangulans, Pertussis — t. Quinta, Per- 
 tussis — t. Senilis, Bronchitis (chronic) — t. Spas- 
 modica, Pertussis — t. Stomachalis, Pertussis — 
 t. SuiFocans, Pertussis — t. Suflfocativa, Pertussis 
 — t. Tufsieulosa, Pertussis. 
 
 TUSSIVE; Tussi'vus; from tussis, 'cough.' 
 Belonging or relating to cough : — as tussive vibra- 
 tion ; the vibration of the parietes of the chest, 
 caused by coughing. 
 
 TUTAM'INA, pi. of Tutamen, 'a. defence,' 'a 
 protection,' from tufare, 'to defend.' Parts are 
 so called which defend or protect each other. 
 
 TuTAMiNA Cer'ebri are the scalp, pericra- 
 nium, bones of the skull, and the meninges. 
 
 TuTAMiNA Oc'uLi are the eyebrows, eyelids, 
 and lachrymal apparatus. 
 
 TUTENAG, Zincum. 
 
 TUTHIA, Tutia. 
 
 TU'TIA, Pom'pholyx, Cadmi'a, Alfasn, Me- 
 sera, Capni'tis, Tuthia, Ox'ydum zinei iriipu'rum. 
 The oxydof zinc that attaches itself to the chim- 
 neys of furnaces in which ores of zinc are smelted. 
 It is in the form of gray incrustations ; and is 
 sometimes used for making an eye-salve. It is 
 prepared, for this purpose, by levigation. 
 
 TUTTERING, Stuttering. 
 
 TWIGG'S HAIR DYE, see Hair dye. 
 
 TAVIN, Gemellus. 
 
 TWINGE, see Pain. 
 
 TWINKLING OF THE EYE, Nictation. 
 
 TWINLEAF, COMMON, Jeflfersonia Bartoni. 
 
 TWINROOT, Orchis. 
 
 TWINS, SIAMESE. Two brothers, Chang 
 and Eng. connected by means of a ligamentous 
 band passing from the epigastrium of one to that 
 of the other, who were exhibited in various parts 
 of Europe and America, about the year 1830. 
 They have lived in North Carolina, are married, 
 and have children. See Xiphopages. 
 
 TWITCH-GRASS, Triticum repens. 
 
 TWITCHING, Tic. 
 
 TYCH'ICA, from tvxv, 'accident.' Fortuitous 
 lesions or deformities. The 7th class of Good's 
 Nosology. 
 
 TYLE, Callosity. 
 
 TYLOMA, Callosity. 
 
 TYLOPH'ORA ASTHMAT'ICA, Asde'pias 
 asthmat'ica, Cyiran'chum Ijpecaenan'ha seu vomi- 
 to'rium seu viridiflo'rum seu tomento'sum, Ipeca- 
 cuanha of the Isle of France, (F.) Ipecacuanha 
 blanc de Vile de France. Order, Asclepiadacese. 
 A native of various parts of the East Indies, both 
 of the continent and islands. The root is acrid, 
 and is used on the coast of Coromandel as a sub- 
 stitute for ipecacuanha. In large doses, it is 
 emetic; in smaller, often repeated, it is cathartic. 
 It is recommended, also, as a diaphoretic, and 
 especiallv in humeral asthma. 
 
 TYLOSIS, Callosity. 
 
 TYLUS, Callosity. 
 
 TYMMA, Wound. 
 
 TYMPAN, Tympanum. 
 
 TYMPANAL, Tympanic. 
 
 TYMPANAL, Cadre dn tympan. 
 
 TYMPANIA, Tvmpanites. 
 
 TYMPANIAS, Tympanites. 
 
 TYM'PANIC, Tympan'icus, Tym'panal, (F.) 
 Tympanique; same etj'mon as Tympanum. Re- 
 lating to the tympanum, as 'tympanic canal.' 
 
 Tympanic Nerve, see Petrous ganglion. 
 
 TYMPANIQUE, Tympanic. 
 
 TYMPANITA, Tympanites. 
 
TYMPANITE 
 
 938 
 
 TYPHOUS 
 
 TYMPANITE, Tympanites. 
 TYMPANI'TES, Emphyse'ma seu Pneumato'- 
 sis Abdom'inis, Hydrops Tympanites, Affee'tio 
 tympnnit'ica, Ectympaiio'sls, Hydrops abdominis 
 oereus, Aero' sis, Aero-enterecfa'sia, Aerenterec- 
 ta'sia, Enteraereeta'sia, Physocoe'Ua, Tympano'- 
 sis, Physe'ma, Physe'sis, Hydrops siccus et flatu- 
 lentus, Tympa'nia, Tympa'nias, Tympani'ta, Tym- 
 pani'tis, Empliyse'ma Tympanites, E. Tympanit'- 
 icum, Meteorism'us, Tym'pany, Me'teorism, Wind 
 dropsy, (F. ) Tympanite, Pnemnutose peritoneale, 
 Ballonnement, from TVfiT^avov, ' a drum ;' so called 
 because the abdomen is distended with wind, and 
 sounds like a drum when struck. A swelling of 
 the abdomen, caused by accumulation of air in 
 the intestinal tube or in the peritoneum. Tym- 
 panites may be idiopathic or symptomatic. The 
 former depends upon exhalation of air from the 
 inner surface of the intestine, or from the decom- 
 position of substances contained in it; the latter 
 is the result of some organic affection, and often 
 depends upon obliteration of the digestive tube, 
 which prevents the gas from escaping. Idiopa- 
 thic tympanites may be more readily cured. The 
 symptomatic is usually fatal. On dissection in 
 such cases, the stomach and intestines are found 
 enormously distended ; with strangulation or 
 disorganization of some part of the mucous mem- 
 brane of the intestine. Carminatives may be 
 proper when tympanites depends upon atony of 
 the digestive organs : but, in cases of the symp- 
 tomatic kind, they cannot be productive of ad- 
 vantage, and may do harm. 
 
 Sometimes the air is contained in the cavity 
 of the peritoneum — constituting Tympnni'tes ah- 
 domina'lis, Aerop6.ritonie, of some: — the accumu- 
 lation in the intestines being called Tympani'tes 
 inteslina'lis. 
 
 Tympanites, Uterine, Physometra. 
 TYMPANI'TIS, Inflammn'tio tym'pani; from 
 Tviivavov, 'a drum,' and itis, denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the lining membrane of 
 the middle ear. Also, tympanites. 
 TYMPANOSIS, Tympanites. 
 TYM'PANUM, Tvinravov, ' a drum.' The Druvi 
 or barrel of the ear. The names Cavity of the 
 Tympanum or of the Drum, Cau'itas seu Caviim 
 Tym'pani, Antrum seu cavitas antro'sa Anris, 
 (F.) Tympan, Gavite da tympan, Caisse du tam- 
 bour ou du Tympan — have been given to a cavity 
 of an irregular shape, which constitutes the mid- 
 dle ear, and has been compared to a drum. It is 
 situate in the pars petrosa of the temporal bone, 
 between the meatus auditorius externus and the 
 labyrinth. This cavity is lined by a mucous 
 membrane; and communicates, externally, by 
 means of the Eustachian tube, which is situate 
 between it and the pharynx. The tympanum 
 has six parietes. 1. An external, which is almost 
 entirely formed of the Membrane of the Prum, 
 Ifembra'na tym'pani, Diaphrag'ma seu Mediasti'- 
 num seu Tegumen'tum auris, Ilyrin'ga, Myrinx, 
 (F.) Membrane du tympan — a species of thin, 
 transparent, circular septum ; convex within, and 
 concave without, which closes the inner extremity 
 of the meatus auditorius. 2. An internal, on 
 which are the Fenes'tra ova'lis, Prom'ontory, and 
 Fora'm.en rotun'dnm. 3. A superior. 4. An in- 
 ferior, on which is the glenoid fissure. 6. A pos- 
 terior, on which are the opening of the mastoid 
 cells, and the pyramid. 6. An anterior, on which 
 are the Proces'sus cochlea form' is and the inner 
 orince of the Eustachian tube. The cavity of the 
 tympanum is crossed by a series of four small 
 bones, articulated with each other by diarthrosis, 
 moved by certain muscles, and representing a 
 kind of bent lever extending from the membrana 
 tympani to the fenestra ovalis. They are called 
 
 the Bones or Ossicles of the Ear, and are the 
 malleus, incus, os orbiculare, and stapes. 
 
 For the nervous plexus of the tympanum, s«e 
 Petrosal Ganglion, and Otic Ganglion, 
 
 Tympanum Minus, see Fenestra — t. Secunda- 
 rium, see Fenestra. 
 
 TYMPANY, Tympanites — t. of the Womb, 
 Physometra. 
 
 TYPE, Typus, Periodus morbi, from rvnos, 'a 
 stamp,' itself from tutttw, 'I strike.' The type is 
 the order in which the symptoms of a disease ex- 
 hibit themselves, and succeed each other. It 
 may be continued, intermittent, or remittent. 
 
 TYPHA ANGUSTIFOLIA has the same pro- 
 perties as 
 
 Typha Aromatica, Acorus calamus, and 
 Typha Latifolta, (n^oj, 'a marsh,' [?] ). Cat- 
 tail Peed mace. Bulls-egg, (P.) 3lassette, Masse 
 ou Quenouille d'Eau. A plant common in 
 marshes and ponds, in this country and Europe. 
 Ord. Typhaceae. ^S'e.r. Syst. Monoecia triandria. 
 Its roots have been used in dysentery and blen- 
 norhagia. The young shoots, before they reach 
 the surface of the water, when boiled, taste like 
 asparagus. 
 
 The down, (F.) Aigrette, Poils, which accom- 
 panies the flowers, has been applied to burns like 
 cotton. 
 
 TYPHICUS, Typhoid. 
 TYPHIQUE, Typhoid, Typhus. 
 TYPHLITIS, Typhlo-enteritis. 
 TYPHLO-BNTERI'TIS, Tuphlo-enteritis, Ty- 
 phli'tis, Tyjihloteri'tis, Inflamma'tio Cmci, Phleg'- 
 monous Tumour of the Ccecum, (F.) Inflammation 
 du Ccecum, Cascite (Piorry); from tuc/jAos, ccbcus, 
 and enteritis, ' inflammation of the intestines.' 
 Inflammation of the caecum, occasionally leading 
 to perforative ulceration. 
 
 TYPHLOENTERUM, CEecum. 
 TYPHLOPS, Csecus. 
 TYPHLOSIS. Csecitas. 
 TYPHLOTERITIS, Typhlo-enteritis. 
 TYPHLOTERON MONOCOLON, Cseeum. 
 TYPHLOTERUM, Csecum. 
 TYPHLOTES, Caioitas. 
 TYPHODES, Typhoid. 
 
 TYPHOEMIE ENTE PIQUE, see Typhus. 
 TYPHOH^MIA, see Putrefaction. 
 TYPHOID, Typhoides, Typho'des, (rvipuSvs, 
 ' stupefied,') Ty'phicus, Typho'sus, Lac'tica, (F.) 
 Typhiqne, Typho'ide, Typhode. From typhus, 
 and Etios, 'resemblance.' Appertaining to or re- 
 sembling typhus ; as Typhoid Fever. Also, ac- 
 cording to some, Typhous Fever, typhus. Fuchs 
 has employed the word Typho'ide for a family of 
 diseases, to distinguish them from Phlogoses ; of 
 this family, Stomacace, Pharyngocace, and Pneu- 
 mocace are examples. 
 
 Typhoid Affection, see Typhus — t. Fever of 
 India, Cholera. 
 
 TYPHOMA'NIA, from tv(1>_o;, 'stupor,' and 
 fiavia, ' delirium.' Delirium with stupor, Subde- 
 lir' ium. The kind of delirium common in 
 typhus. 
 
 Typhomania, Coma vigil. Insomnia. 
 TYPHONIA, Coma vigil. 
 TYPHOSEPSES, Typhoseptoses. 
 TYPHOSEPTO'SES, Typhosep'ses, from t«0«, 
 and criij.ig, 'putrefaction.' Typhous affections. 
 TYPHOSUS, Typhoid. 
 
 TYPHOUS, Typho'sus, (F.) Typhiqne. Same 
 etymon as Typhus. Belonging or relating to 
 typhus. 
 
 Typhous Depos'it. A peculiar substance of 
 new formation found in the areolar membrane, 
 between the mucous and muscular coats of the 
 patches of Peyer in typhoid fever. 
 Typhous Fbver, see Typhoid. 
 
TYPHUS 
 
 939 
 
 TYRIA 
 
 TYPHUS, Semipes'th, Tnplms, FehHs Typho'- 
 des seu asthen'ica seu adynam'ica, Asthenop'yra, 
 (F.) Fievre adynamique ou ataxique ou adynami- 
 que ataxique, Typhus d'Europe ; from TV<pos, 
 'stupor.' A fever characterized by small, weak, 
 and unequal, but usually frequent pulse, Trith 
 great prostration of strength, and much cerebral 
 disturbance; its duration being usually from a 
 fortnight to three weeks or longer. It is con- 
 tinued fever, accompanied with great cerebral 
 irritation and prostration. (See Fever.) By most 
 writers, this disease has been divided into two 
 varieties — the Typhus mitioi- and Typhus c/ravi or. 
 Typhus Mit"iok seu simplex seu nervo'sus seu 
 comato'sus, Fe'hris lenta nervosa seu pu'trida 
 nervosa seu hec'tica malig'na nervosa, Blechrop' - 
 yriis, Neurop'yra, Neuropyr'etus, Nervous Fever, 
 (F.) Fievre nerveuse, is characterized by slight 
 shiverings, heavy, vertiginous headach ; great op- 
 pression, peculiar expression of anxiety, nausea, 
 sighing, despondencj', and coma or quiet delirium. 
 Typhus Gra'vior sou car'cerum seu castreii'sis 
 seu anthroj)ophthor' acus seu contagio'sus exanthe- 
 mat'icus seu nostras seu EuropxB'us seu connnu'nis 
 seu bel'licus seu exanthemat'icus seu Hiher' nicus 
 seu petechia'lis, Fehris nervo'sa epidem'ica seu 
 nervosa exanthemat'ica seu malig'na cum sopo're 
 sen nervo'sa petechia'lis seupestileniia'lis Fiiro'pcB 
 seu pxtncticula'ris seu saprop'yra seu car'cerum et 
 nosocomio' rum, seu putrida seu con'tiitens pu'trida 
 seu contin'ua pu'trida seu 2)Bs'tilens malig'na seu 
 nau'tica pestilentia'lis seu petechia'lis, Septop'- 
 yra, Porphyrotyphus, Pidicidaris morbus, Pestjs 
 bel'lica, True or Exanthemat'io or conta'gious 
 typhus, Nervous fever with exanthem' atous erup'- 
 tion, Putrid, Jail, Hospital or Shi}) Fever, (F.) 
 Fievre des Camps, F. nautique, F. d'hopital, 
 F. nosocomiale, F. des Prisons, F. lenticxilaire. 
 Typhus contagieux is attended with rigors and 
 heat, alternating; little or no perspiration ; pulse, 
 tense and hard, usually quick, but fluttering; 
 pain over the forehead and vertex ; a ' mulberry 
 rash,' appearing on the fifth to the seventh day 
 of the disease, and lasting till the end ; delirium 
 succeeded by stupor, signs of incipient putres- 
 ceney, — as true petechia?, vibices, hemorrhages, 
 &c. Typhus, under particular circumstances, 
 seems to be communicable by contagion ; but if 
 proper attention be paid to cleanliness and venti- 
 lation, there is not much danger of communica- 
 tion. The general principles of treatment, laid 
 down under the head of Fever, are applicable 
 here. All the varieties of continued fever re- 
 semble each other in the cardinal points, al- 
 though they may differ in many of their cha- 
 racters. Ventilation and cleanliness ; warm or 
 cold ablution or sponging; keeping the bowels 
 free ; and attending to symptoms as they may 
 rise, with the avoiding of all irritation of every 
 kind, are the main indications. When symptoms 
 of great prostration occur, the strength must be 
 supported by wine ; and tonics be exhibited, with 
 the mineral acids. Of the tonics, the sulphate 
 of quinia is perhaps as good as any, whilst it is 
 free from the objection which applies to most 
 others, — of being too bulky. In the whole man- 
 agement of this affection, however, the physician 
 has to discriminate carefully between oppression 
 and prostration. The former may require eva- 
 cuants ; the latter cannot. 
 
 Of late years, it has been maintained by many, 
 that there is an essential difference between 
 typhoid fever and typhus : that the former is an 
 abdominal affection, and dependent upon, or con- 
 nected with, an inflamed or ulcerated condition 
 of the mucous follicles of the intestines; hence 
 it has received the names Fievre mesenterique, F. 
 typho'ide, Ifaladie ou Affection typ>hoide, F. entero- 
 mesenterique, Enterite typho-hemique, Typhoemie 
 
 enterique, Entero-mesenterite typho'ide, Exanthlme 
 ■intestiiiale, Dothinenterie, Dothinenterite, <fcc., Ileo- 
 diclidite, Enterite folliculeuse, Gastro-enterite with 
 nervous affection of the brain. Follicular gastro- 
 enteritis, F. enteritis, Enteri'tis folliculo'sa, Ty- 
 phus abdomina'lis, T.intestinu'lis, 1\ Sporad'icus, 
 Enterotyphus, T. gangliona'ris abdomina'lis, Fe- 
 bris intestina'lis ulcero'sa, F. nervo'sa gas'triea, 
 F. nervo'sa enter' ica, F. enter'ica, F. nervo'sa me- 
 senter'ica, Enterhelio'sis nervo'sa. Typhus enter'- 
 {cus, Ileop'yra, Ileoty'phus, Typhoid affection, 
 Enter' ie fever. Accompanying this form of fever 
 there is generallj' a typhoid eruption, consisting 
 of rose-red papulae, (see Spots, red,) which appear 
 mostly on the abdomen. They are distinct from 
 true petechias, as they can be removed by pres- 
 sure; and distinct also from sudamina, which are 
 perhaps the universal accompaniments of sweat- 
 ing, and are consequently a variety of miliaria. 
 The common continued fever or synochus of 
 Great Britain, and of this country, has been pre- 
 sumed by some to be this variety : but farther 
 observations are needed to establish the distinc- 
 tions which have been attempted; and there is 
 reason to believe, that the abdominal affection is 
 a complication, existing in certain cases and epi- 
 demics of adynamic fever, and not in others. The 
 Red Tongue Fever of Kentucky is considered by 
 Professor Bartlett to be typhoid fever. 
 
 Certain modern French writers have considered 
 the Typhus of the European continent. Typhus 
 of Europe, pestilential fever, contagious typhvs, 
 Hungary fever. Hospital fever, camp fever, jail fe- 
 ver,lentic%dar petechial fever, (F.) Peste d' Europe, 
 &o., to be identical with the typhoid affection. 
 They admit but one fever on the European con- 
 tinent — the typhoid. Typhus, they maintain — 
 but by no means establish the position — to be 
 peculiar to England. 
 
 Typhus Abdominalis, see Typhus — t. d'A-me- 
 rique, Fever yellow ^ — t. Antbracicus, Plague — t. 
 Anthropophthoraeus, Typhus — t. Aphthoideus, 
 Aphthce — t. BcUicus, Typhus — t. Bengalensis, 
 Cholera — t. Bubonicus, Plague — t. Carcerum, 
 Typhus gravior — t. Castrensis, Typhus gravior — 
 t. Cerebral, Meningitis, cerebro-spinal — t. Cere- 
 brospinal, Meningitis, cerebro-spinal — t. Comato- 
 sus. Typhus mitior — t. Communis, Tj'phus — t. 
 Contagieux, Typhus — t. Contagious, Typhus— t. 
 Contagiosus exanthematieus. Typhus — t. d' Eu- 
 rope, Typhus — t. of Europe, see Typhus- — t. Ex- 
 anthematieus, Typhus — t. Ganglionaris abdomi- 
 nalis, see Typhus — t. Gravissimus, Plague — t. 
 Hibernicus, T. gravior — t. Icterodes, Fever, yel- 
 low — t. Jaune, Fever, yellow — t. Intestinalis, see 
 Typhus — t. Miasmatique ataxique putricie jaune. 
 Fever, yellow — t. Morbillosus, Rubeola — t. Ner- 
 vosus. Typhus mitior — t. Nostras, Typhus — t. 
 d'Orient, Plague — t. Pestilentialis, Plague — t. 
 Pestis, Plague — t. Petechialis, Typhus gravior 
 — t. Puerperal, see Peritonitis — t. Searlatinus, 
 Scarlatina — t. Simplex, Typhus mitior — t. Spora- 
 dicus, see Typhus — t. Tropicus, Fever, yellow — 
 t. True, Typhus — t. Vesicularis, Pemphigus. 
 
 TYP'IC, Tyji'ical, Typ'icus, (F.) Typique. 
 Same etymon as Type. Characterized by peri- 
 odicity, — as a ' typiical fever;' or one which ob- 
 serves a particular type. 
 TYPOSES, see Periodicity. 
 TYPUS, Type. 
 
 TYRANNUS, see Critical days. 
 TYRBASIA, Agitation. 
 TYRBE, Agitation. 
 
 TYREM'ESIS, Tyrotem'esis, from rvpos, 
 'cheese,' and tjxean, 'vomiting;' Tyro' sis, Ty- 
 reu'sis. Vomiting of eurdy matter, in infants 
 especially. 
 
 TYREUSIS, Tyremesis, Tyrosis, 
 TYRIA, Porrigo deealvans. 
 
TYRIASIS 
 
 940 
 
 ULNA 
 
 TYRIASIS, Elephantiasis Arabica. 
 TYRINE, Casein. 
 TYRODES, Cheesy. 
 TYROMA, Porrigo decalvans. 
 
 TYROS, Cheese. 
 
 TYROSIS, Tyremesis. Also, the curdling 3f 
 milk in the stomach; Tyreu'sis. 
 TYROTEMESIS, Tyremesis. 
 
 u. 
 
 UBERIS APEX, Nipple, Papilla. 
 
 ULA, Gingivaj. 
 
 ULATROPH'IA, from ov\ov, 'the gum,' and 
 atrophia, atrophy. Shrinking of the gums; fall- 
 ing away of the gums. 
 
 ULCER, Ulcus, genitive Ulceria, diminutive 
 Ulcus' cul am ; H ulcus, 'eXKoq, Helcos,Elco' siSjElco' - 
 ma, Helcus, Helco'ma, a Sore, (Sc.) Sair, (Prov.) 
 Kile, (F.) Ulcere. A solution of continuity in 
 the soft parts, of longer or shorter standing, and 
 kept up by some local disease or constitutional 
 cause. Richerand makes four great distinctions 
 between a wound and an ulcer. 1. A wound arises 
 from the action of an extraneous body : — the 
 cause of an ulcer is inherent in the economy. 
 2. A Tvound is always idiopathic: — an ulcer is 
 always symptomatic. 3. A wound has essentially 
 a tendency to heal, because the action of its cause 
 has been momentary: — an ulcer, on the contrary, 
 has a tendency to enlarge, because its cause per- 
 sists. 4. The treatment of a wound is purely 
 surgical ; that of an ulcer is medical as well. The 
 immediate cause of an ulcer is perverted nutri- 
 tion; the formative cells losing their plastic pro- 
 perties. Ulcers have been variously divided, ac- 
 cording to their nature; — into simple, siiiuoue, 
 fistulous, fiLugous, gangrenous, scorbutic, sy2ohilitic, 
 cancerous, inveterate, scrofulous, phagedenic, viru- 
 lent, eaeoethic, sordid, carious, varicose, &c. The 
 treatment consists in removing, by appropriate 
 means, the internal and the local causes which 
 keep up the ulceration, and in exciting the ves- 
 sels of the part, where necessary, by appropriate 
 bandaging, <tc. 
 
 Ulcer, Jacob's, Lupus — u. Malignant, Hospi- 
 tal gangrene — u. Putrid, Hospital gangrene — u. 
 Warty of Marjolin, see Warty Tumour of Cica- 
 
 ULCERA INTESTINALIA, Gastrelcosis— u. 
 Laryngis, Phthisis laryngea — u. Serpentia oris, 
 Aphthte — u. Uteri, see Mctrophthisis — u. Ventri- 
 culi, Gastrelcosis — u. Vesicte, Cystophthisis. 
 
 UL'CERATED, Ulcem'tus, Exulcera'tus, Hcl- 
 co'des, (F.) Ulcere; from ulcus, ulceris, 'an ulcer.' 
 In the state of an ulcer. Affected with ulcers. 
 
 ULCERATIO INTESTINALIS, Enterelcosis 
 — u. Ventriculi, Gastrelcosis. 
 
 ULCERA'TION, Ulcera'tio, Exulceratio, Pijo- 
 gen'ia corrosi'va. Same etymon. A superficial 
 ulcer. The formation of an ulcer — Exelco'sis, 
 Elco'sis, and Helco'sia. 
 
 UL'CERATIVE, Uleerati'vus, (F.) Ulceratif. 
 Relating to ulceration, — as an 'idcerative process.' 
 
 ULCERE, Ulcer — u.du Larynx, Phthisis la- 
 ryngea. 
 
 ULCEREUX, Ulcerous. 
 
 UL'CEROUS, Ulcero'sus, ffelco'des, Relcoides, 
 (F.) Ulcereux. Same etymon. Having the 
 character of an ulcer. Affected with ulcers. 
 
 ULCERS, EGYPTIAN, iEgyptia ulcera. 
 
 ULCUS, Ulcer — u. Atonicum, Rupia — u. Ca- 
 coethes, see Cacoethes — u. Cancrosum, Cancer, 
 Chancre — u. Dacryodes, see Dacryodes — u. De- 
 pascens, Phagedenic ulcer — u. Ferinum, Phage- 
 
 denic ulcer — u. Fistulosum, Hypophora — u. Hy- 
 pulum, see Hypulus — u. Narium foetens, Ozsena 
 — u. Obambulans, Phagedenic ulcer — u. Pulmo- 
 num. Phthisis pulmonalis — u. Sinuosum, Hypo- 
 phora — u. Syriacum, Cynanche maligna — u. Te- 
 lephium, Telephium — u. Tuberculosum, Lupus — 
 u. Uteri, Hysterelcosis, Leucorrhoea. 
 
 ULCUSCULA PR^PUTII, Herpes prseputii. 
 
 ULCUSCULUM, Ulcer — u. Cancrosum, 
 Chancre. 
 
 ULE, Cicatrix. 
 
 ULETICUS, Gingivalis. 
 
 ULICUS, Gingivalis. 
 
 ULI'TIS, from ov\os, 'solid,' (o-ap| ovXti, 'solid 
 flesh:') hence, ov\ov, 'the gum,' and rtis, deno- 
 ting inflammation. Ouli'tis, Injlainma'tio gin- 
 qi'vcs, Periodonti'tis gingiva' rum, (F.) Gengivite, 
 Inflammation des gencives, from ov\ov, ' the gum,' 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
 of the gums. 
 
 Ulitis Septica, Cancer aquaticus. 
 
 ULLUCO, Tropaeolum tuberosum. 
 
 ULJ^fAIIlE, Spiraea ulmaria. 
 
 ULMARIA, Spirffia ulmaria — u. Palustris, 
 Spirfea ulmaria. 
 
 ULMUS, U. campes'tris seu glabra seu mon- 
 ta'na seu nuda seu sati'va seu scabra, Ptelea, 
 Common Elm, (P.) Orme, Ormeau, Orme pyrami- 
 dale ou champitre. Ord. Ulmaceee. Sex. Syst. 
 Pentandria Digynia. The inner, rough bark — 
 Ulmus, (Ph. L.) — of this tree is inodorous; and 
 has a bitter, austere, and mucilaginous taste. It 
 is considered tonic, alterative, and diuretic; and 
 has been used, chiefly, in lepra and other cuta- 
 neous affections. 
 
 Ulmus Ala'ta, Lynn Wahoo. The bark of 
 the root has been used successfully as a cata- 
 plasm in phlegmonous inflammation. 
 
 Ulmus America'na, U.fidva seu rubra , Ro\igh- 
 leaved. Red, or Slippery Elm. The inner bark — 
 Ulmus, (Ph. U. S.) — is highly mucilaginous, and 
 is used in coughs, diarrhoeas, and dysenteries; 
 also, as a poultice for tumours, lacerated and con- 
 tused wounds, &o. 
 
 Ulmus Campestris, Ulmus — u. Fulva, U. 
 Americana, U. rubra — u. Glabra, Ulmus — u. 
 Montana, Ulmus — u. Nuda, Ulmus — u. Sativa, 
 Ulmus — u. Scabra, Ulmus. 
 
 ULNA, O'lene, Foc''ile inferius seu majns, 
 Canna Bra'chii, Oi cu'bili inferius, Os procnhi- 
 ta'le, Cu'bitus, A ■un'do bra'chii major, Cubit. 
 Anatomists have given this name to the bone of 
 the forearm which forms the prominence of the 
 elbow, during the flexion of that joint. It is the 
 longer and larger of the two bones, and is in- 
 serted at the inner side. Its upper and larger 
 extremity has, behind, a considerable process, 
 called olecranon; and, before, a smaller one, 
 called eoronoid. These two eminences are sepa- 
 rated from each other by the greater sigmoid or 
 semilunar fossa or olec'ranoid cavity, which re- 
 ceives the articular trochlea of the humerus. 
 The tubercle of the ulna is a small, rough spot, 
 ; under the root of the eoronoid process, for the 
 
ULNAD 
 
 941 
 
 UNDOSUS 
 
 insertion of the BracJu'alis infemus. On the out- 
 side of this extremity of the bone is the lesser 
 sigmoid cavity. It is articulated with the head 
 of the radius. The inferior extremity of the 
 cubitus, which is much smaller than the superior, 
 and articulated with the radius, has a surface 
 that corresponds to the fibro-cartilage which 
 separates it from the os cuneiforme ; and a pointed 
 process, called styloid. The body of the ulna is 
 manifestly triangular. It is articulated with the 
 OS humeri and radius, and, mediately, with the 
 OS cuneiforme. It is developed by three points 
 of ossification. 
 
 Also, the elbow. 
 
 ULNAD, see Ulnar aspect. 
 
 ULNAR, Cubital. 
 
 Ulnar Aspect. An aspect towards the side 
 on which the ulna is situated. — Barclay. Ulnad 
 is used adverbially by the same writer, to signify 
 ' towards the ulnar aspect.' 
 
 ULNARIS, Cubital — u. Externus, see Cubital 
 muscles — u. Gracilis, Palmaris kjngus — u. Inter- 
 nus, see Cubital muscles. 
 
 ULOCACE, Cancer aquaticus, Stomacace. 
 
 ULON'CUS, from ovXov, 'the gum,' and oyxos, 
 'tumour.' Swelling of the gums ; epulis. 
 
 ULORRHAG"IA, Oulon-hag"ia, Slomator- 
 rhag"ia, Hmmorrhag" ia giiigiva'i-iim, Vlorrhce'a, 
 from ovXvv, 'the gum,' and pnyvv/jii, 'I break 
 forth.' Bleeding from the gums. 
 
 ULORRHCEA, Ulorrhagia. 
 
 ULOTICA, Cicatrisantia. 
 
 U L ' T I xM I - S T E R N A L. Professor Eeclard 
 gave this appellation to the sixth or last bony 
 portion of the sternum. He calls it also Ensi- 
 sternal. 
 
 UL'TIMUM MO'RIENS, 'last dying.' A 
 term given to the part of the economy which dies 
 last. 
 
 ULVA CRISPA, Fucus crispus. 
 
 Ulta Latis'simA, Broad Green Laver, Green 
 Sloke, Oyster green ; Order, Algse ; is used at 
 table cooked in the same way as the next, to 
 ■which it is greatly inferior. 
 
 Ulva Umbilica'lis, Por'f'hyra lacinin'ta seu 
 nmbilica'lis, Lacin'iated Purple Laver, abundant 
 on the shores of Great Britain, is pickled with 
 salt and sold in London as Laver. It is eaten at 
 table, stewed with pepper, butter or oil and 
 lemon-juice or vinegar. It has been suggested, 
 also, as an antiscorbutic. 
 
 UMBIL, YELLOW, Cypripedium luteum. 
 
 UMBILIC, Umbilical, Umbilicus. 
 
 UMBIL'ICAL. Um'hilie, Umbilica'lis, Umhili- 
 en'tus, (¥.) Ombilical, from rimhilicns, 'the navel.' 
 That which belongs or relates to the navel. 
 
 Umbilical Arteries, which exist only in the 
 fcetus, seem, as it were, continuations of the pri- 
 mitive iliaes. They clear the umbilical ring, and 
 proceed to the placenta, to which they carry the 
 residuum of the blood sent to the foetus by the 
 umbilical vein. As soon as respiration is esta- 
 blished, the blood ceases to pass by the umbilical 
 arteries, which become obliterated, as well as the 
 vein, and are transformed into two very strong 
 ligamentous cords, — the vein forming the Liga- 
 nien'tum rotun'dum of the liver. 
 
 Umbilical Cord, Funiculus umbiliealis. 
 
 Umbilical Regio.n, JRe'gin nmbilica'lis seu 
 gas'trica seu Ilesogastrica, 3fesogas'trium, (F.) 
 Region ombilicale, is the middle region of the ab- 
 domen, in which the umbilicus is placed. The 
 sides of this are called the flanks or lumbar re- 
 gions. In the umbilical region are the omentum 
 majus ; the inferior extremity of the duodenum; 
 the jejunum ; and the greater part of the mesen- 
 tery; the aorta; vena cava; the trunks of the 
 renal arteries and veins; the origin of the sper- 
 matic arteries, &e. 
 
 Umbilical Ring, An'nnlus umbilica'lis, (F.) 
 Anneaii ombilical, is a fibrous ring which sur- 
 rounds the aperture of the umbilicus, and through 
 which umbilical hernia occurs in children. 
 
 Umbilical Vesicle, Vesicula umbiliealis. 
 
 Umbilical Vessels, (F.) Vaisseaux ombili- 
 caux, include the two arteries, and umbilical 
 vein. The umbilical vein arises from the pla- 
 centa, and terminates at the fissure on the infe- 
 rior surface of the liver of the fcetus, to which it 
 conveys the blood necessary for its nutrition. 
 
 UMBILICALIS, Umbilical. 
 
 UMBILICATUS, Umbilical. 
 
 UMBILI'CUS, Umbili'cum, Umbo, Om'phaloa, 
 Radix seu Me'diiim ventris, 3Iesompha'li ii})i, Me- 
 som'phalum, Profme'sis (navel of a new-born 
 child;) the umbilic, navel, (Prov.) Spoon; from 
 umbo, 'the button or prominence in the midst of 
 a buckler,' or from vnipaXos, or rather ofKpaXog, 
 which signifies the same, as well as the navel; 
 (F.) Ombilic, Nombril. A round cicatrix, about 
 the median line of the abdomen. It is in the 
 situation of an aperture, which, in the fcetus, 
 affords passage to the vessels of the umbilical 
 cord. 
 
 Umbilicus Mari'nus, Cotyle'don marina, An- 
 dro'sace, Acetab'iclnm marinum, Andro'sace 3/at- 
 thi'oli. Fungus petrce'us marinns. A submarine 
 production, found on the rocks and the shells of 
 fishes, in the south of France. It is reputed to 
 be anthelmintic and diuretic. 
 
 UMBO, Elbow, Umbilicus. 
 
 UMBRELLA TREE, Magnolia tripetala. 
 
 UMS CHLAG, see Compress. 
 
 UNBOWELING, Exenterismus. 
 
 UNCARIA GAMBIR, Nauclea Gambir. 
 
 UNCAS, INDIAN, Veratrum viride. 
 
 UNCTA, Ounce. 
 
 UN'CIFORM, Uncifor'mis, Uncinn'tvs, from 
 uncus, ' a hook,' and /orma, 'shape.' That which 
 has the shape of a hook. 
 
 Unciform Bone, Os unciform'e seu Tiama'tum, 
 seu uncina'tnm, (F.) Os erochu. The fourth bone 
 of the second row of the carpus. Its shape is 
 very irregular. Inwards and forwards, it has a 
 considerable eminence, which is curved upon 
 itself, and gives attachment to the annular liga- 
 ment of the carpus. It is articulated with the 
 OS semilunare, os magnum, os cuneiforme, and 
 the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones. It is de- 
 veloped from a single point of ossification. 
 
 Unciforji Eminence, Hippocampus minor. 
 
 Unciform Process, Proces'sus uncina'tus seu 
 Blumenbach'ii, Great Process of the Ethmoid. 
 The most considerable of the thin irregularly 
 twisted laminae on the inferior surface of the 
 ethmoid bone, which narrow the opening of the 
 maxillary sinuses. 
 
 UNCINATUS, Unciform. 
 
 UNCINUS, Hook. 
 
 UNCTION, Inunction, Unguentum, Unguen- 
 tum hydrargyri. 
 
 UNCUS, ilook. 
 
 UNDERCLIFF, ISLE OF WIGHT, ENG- 
 LAND, (CLIMATE OF.) The Undercliff com- 
 prehends a tract of country from Dunnose to St. 
 Catherine's Hill, on the southeast coast, about six 
 miles in length, and from a quarter to half a mile 
 in breadth. It is well protected from the colder 
 winds; and the climate is remarkably equable, 
 as well as mild and dr}-, so that there are not 
 many days during the winter in which the inva- 
 lid cannot take exercise in the open air. It is 
 an excellent climate for the pulmonary valetu- 
 dinarian. 
 
 UNDIM'IA. A name given, by Paracelsus, 
 to a tumour, filled with a gelatinous matter, like 
 the white of an egg. 
 
 UNDOSUS, Cymatodes. 
 
UNDULATIO 
 
 942 
 
 UNGUENTUM 
 
 UNDULATIO, Fluctuation. 
 
 UNEDO, Arbutus unedo — u. Papyracea, Ar- 
 butus unedo. 
 
 UN'GEAL, Ungea'Us, from unguis, 'a nail.' 
 Belonging, or relating, to the nails of the hands 
 or feet. 
 
 UNGUBAL MATRIX, see Nail. 
 
 UNGUEN, Unguentum — u. Articulare, Sy- 
 novia. 
 
 UNGUENT, ARMATORY, Hoplochrysma. 
 
 UNGUENTARIA, see Myristica moschata. 
 
 UNGUENTA'RIUS, Myropoe'us, Myrep'sm, 
 Myropo'les, Myropo'lus, Pigmenta'rius ; from nn- 
 gnen'tnm, 'an ointment.' One who makes and 
 sells ointments. A perfumer. 
 
 UNGUEN'TUM, Unguen, Myron, Unction, (F.) 
 Ongitent, from ungere, unctiim, 'to anoint.' Oint- 
 ment. Ointments are topical applications, of a 
 consistence more or less analogous to that of 
 lard. They are used, chiefly, as local applica- 
 tions to ulcers and wounds; but are sometimes 
 rubbed upon a part in cutaneous affections; and, 
 especially, where it is desired that the constitu- 
 ents of the ointment should be absorbed. Oint- 
 ments are of less consistence than cerates, al- 
 though the terms are often used indiscriminately. 
 
 Unguen'tum Ac"idi Nitro'si, Ointmeixf of Ni- 
 trous Acid, Poma'tinn seu Unguen'tum Ni'tricum 
 seu O.rygena'tum, (F.) Pommade oxygenee, Graisse 
 ooeygenee, Pommade d'Alyon. [Adip. suilli, Ibj ; 
 acid, nitros. J^vj. Melt the fat, and rub in the 
 acid gradually, till cold. Ph. E.) Stimulant. 
 Used in itch and other cutaneous eruptions, and 
 in foul ulcers. 
 
 Unguentum Adipocer.e Cetoruw, Ceratum 
 cetacei — u. ^gyptiacum, Linimentum asruginis 
 — u. ^gyptium album, Crinomyron — u. ^rugi- 
 nis, U. subacetatis cupri — u. Album, Unguentum 
 cetacei — u. Album Resolvens, Linimentum am- 
 monite fortius. 
 
 Unguentum de Alth^a, U. de Terehin'thind 
 et cerd seu cit'rinum seu resi'ncB pini sylves'tris 
 compos'itnm seu resumpti'vum seu leniti'viim, Ce- 
 ra'tum de Althced, JEmplaa'trnm vuicilagino'sum 
 seu emol'liens seu cit'rinum seu flavum seu de 
 Althmd, Unguentum flavum, Marsh mal'loxo Oint- 
 ment, (F.) Onguent de guimauve, 0. d'althea. 
 [Olei de mucilaginibus, 1000 p., cer(B flavcp, 250 
 p., resinm, terebinthin., aa 125 p. Liquefy; strain 
 and stir till cold. Ph. P.) Common Olive Oil 
 might be substituted for the Oil of Mucilages. 
 
 Unguentum Amygdalinum, Ceratum Galeni. 
 
 Unguentum Antimo'nci, U. Antimonia'le, U. 
 A. Tartariza'ti, U. A. Potassio-tar'trntis, U. tar'- 
 tari emet'ici, Ointment of tar'tarized an'timony, 
 Antimo'nial Ointment, Tartar emetic ointment. 
 (Antimon. et potass, tartrat. in pulv. subtiliss. ^ij, 
 adipis. 2j. Ph. U. S.) If a drachm of this oint- 
 ment be rubbed upon any part, night and morn- 
 ing, it will excite, in a few days, a painful pus- 
 tular eruption. Hence, it is employed as a coun- 
 ter-irritant. This preparation is also called Ung. 
 Tar'tari stihia'ti seu emet'ici, Ung. e Tar'taro 
 stibia'to, Adeps Tartare stibii medica'tus, Ung. 
 Tar'tratis Potass'cB stibia'ti, (F.) Pommade d'Au- 
 tenrieth, Pommade slibiee. This method of em- 
 ploying the tartrate of antimony and potassa, as 
 a revellent, is, at times, called stibio-dermie, (F.J 
 La methode stibio-dermique. 
 
 Unguentum Antimonii Potassio-Tartratis, 
 Unguentum antimonii — u. Antimonii tartarizati, 
 U. antimonii — u. Antipernium, see Antipernius. 
 
 Unguentum Aqo^ Ros^, Ointment of Pose 
 water. Cold Cream. {Aq. Rosa, f^j ; ol. amygdal. 
 fgij ; cetacei, ^ss ; cera alhcB, 3J. Melt together, 
 in a water-bath, the oil, spermaceti, and wax ; 
 then add the rose-water, and stir until it is cold. 
 Ph. U. S.) Cooling to irritated surfaces. 
 
 Unguentum Armarium, Hoplochrysma — u. 
 Arthanit«, see Arthanita — u. Articulare, Synovia 
 — u. Basilicon flavum, Ceratum resinae — u. Basi- 
 licon nigrum, Unguentum resinee nigrse — u. Ba- 
 silicum viride, Unguentum subacetatis cupri. 
 
 Unguentum Belladon'n^, Ointment of Bel- 
 ladonna. (Ext. belladonncB ^j ; adipis 5J ; M. 
 Ph. U. S.) An anodyne application to irritable 
 ulcers, &c. 
 
 Unguentum Cantharidis, Unguentum lyttse. 
 
 Unguen'tum Cer^ {albce seu flavcp), Ungu- 
 entum simplex (Ph. U. S.), Linimen' turn simplex, 
 Wax Ointment, Oil and Bees' Wax, (F.) On- 
 guent de cire. (Cera Ibj, adijns tt>iv (Ph. U. S.), 
 or — cercB §ij, ol. oliv. ^v.) Emollient. A mild 
 dressing. Also, the basis of most of the com- 
 pound ointments. 
 
 Unguentum Ceratum, Ceratum Galeni — u. 
 Cerussae, Unguentum oxidi plumbi albi, Ungu- 
 entum plumbi subcarbonatis — u. Cerussae ace- 
 tatse, Ceratum plumbi superacetatis, U. plumbi 
 superacetatis — u. Citrinum, U. de althaea, U. hy- 
 drargyri nitratis. 
 
 Unguentum Ceta'cei, U. Sper'matis Ceti seu 
 album, Linimen'tum album, Spermace'ti ointment, 
 (F.) Onguent de blanc de baleine. (Cetacei 3i^j> 
 cer(B alba ^\y, ol. oliv. f^iij. Ph. L.) The or- 
 dinary dressing for blisters and excoriations. See 
 Ceratum cetacei. 
 
 Unguentum Coc'culi, Ointment of Coc'cidua 
 In'dicus. (Take any quantity of Cocculus Indi- 
 eijs; separate and preserve the kernels; beat 
 them well in a mortar, first alone, and then with 
 a little lard; then add lard till it amounts 
 altogether to five times the weight of the kernels. 
 Ph. E.) Used to destroy vermin, and to cure 
 scabies and ringworm of the scalp. 
 
 Unguentum Coni'i, Ointment of Hemloch. 
 (Conii fol. recent.; adipis aa tbj. Boil the hem- 
 lock in the lard till it becomes crisp, and express 
 through linen. Ph. L.) Used to irritable tu- 
 mours and ulcers. 
 
 Unguen'tum Creaso'ti, Ointment of Cre'asote. 
 (Creasot. f ^ss ; adipis, §j. Add the creasote to 
 the lard previously melted with a moderate heat, 
 and stir constantly till cold. Ph. U. S.) Used 
 in chronic cutaneous affections. 
 
 Unguentum Cupri Subacetatis, Unguentum 
 subacetatis cupri — u. Diapompholygos, Unguen- 
 tum oxidi zinci impuri. 
 
 Unguentum Digbsti'vum Simplex, U. Tere- 
 bin'thina et ovo'rum vitel'li. Simple digestive oint- 
 ment, (F.) Onguent digestif simple. (Terebinthin. 
 pur. 64 p. Vitell. ovor. No. 2, vel 32 p. Mix, for 
 a long time, in a glass mortar, and add, gradually, 
 enough of the Oil of Hypericum (Millepiertuis) to 
 make a soft ointment. Ph. P.) Detergent. It 
 may be rendered more so by adding a little of the 
 Acetate of copper. 
 
 Unguentum Elemi, Balsam of Arcaus, Ungu- 
 entum elemi compositum. 
 
 Unguentum El'emi Compos'itum, Unguentum e 
 gnmmi elemi seu de terebin'thind et adip'ibus seu 
 elemi, Linimen'tum Arcm'i, Ointment of Elemi, 
 (F.) Baume d'Arceus. (Elemi tbj, terebinthinee 
 vidgaris ^x, sevi prce.parati Ibij, olivcB olei f^ij. 
 Melt the elemi with the suet: remove it from the 
 fire; and mix in the turpentine and oil. Strain 
 the mixture through a linen cloth. Ph. L.) Sti- 
 mulant and digestive. To keep open issues, &c. 
 
 Unguentum Epispas'ticum de Daphne Gni- 
 DIO, Adeps Cor'tice daphnes gnidii medica'tus, 
 (F.) Pommade de Garou. (Adip. prapar. ,320 p., 
 cercB, 32 p., cort. daphn. gnid. 128 p. Melt the 
 fat and wax ; and add the bark softened in water. 
 Boil until the water is evaporni.'l: then pass 
 through cloth. Ph. P.) To ktvp open blisters, 
 issues, &c. See Unguentum Mezc'rei. 
 
UNGUENTUM 
 
 943 
 
 UNGUENTUM 
 
 UNUUENTUiU Epispasticum FORTIUS, Cerate of 
 cantharides — u. Epispastieuin mitius, Unguentum 
 lyttae — u. Epispasticum viride, Unguentum lyttse 
 medicatum — u. Flavum, Unguentum de althaaS, — 
 u. e Gummi elemi, Unguentum compositum — u. 
 Hellebori albi, Unguentum veratri. 
 
 Unguentum Gall^, Ointment of Galla, (GallcB 
 in pulv. ^j ; adqns, gvij. M. Ph. U. S.) As an 
 astringent in piles, indolent ulcers, Ac. 
 
 Unguentum GalLjE Compos'itum, U. GallcB et 
 O'pii, Compound Ointment of Galla, {Gall, in 
 pulv. subtil, ^v], adijns. ^vj, opii pulv. ^iss. M. 
 Ph. L.) Used in painful hemorrhoids, ^ss or 
 3J, of camphor is sometimes added. 
 
 Unguen'tum Hydrar'gyri, U. cceru'leum sea 
 Neapolita'num, Cera'tum mercuria'le, Adeps Hy- 
 drar'gi/ro medica'tiis, Jfercurial Ointment, Blue 
 ointment. Unction, (F.) Ongiient mercuriel ou Na- 
 politain. 
 
 The Strong 3[ercurial Ointment, Unguentum Uy- 
 drargyri fortius of the London Pharmaeopceia, 
 U. Hydrar'gyri {Ph. U. iS".), is thus made — Hy- 
 drarg. tbij, adipia ^^xxiij, sevi 3J- Rub till the 
 globules entirely disappear. 
 
 The DKlder Mercurial Ointment, — U. Hydrar- 
 gyri Mitius, — is made by adding, to one pound 
 of the strong, two pounds of lard. 
 
 Mercurial ointment is antisyphilitic and discu- 
 tient. It is rubbed on the inside of the thigh, in 
 venereal affections ; especially in those cases where 
 mercury, given internally, runs off by the bowels. 
 The stronger ointment is used for this purpose. 
 The weaker is employed as a dressing, or as an 
 application to cutaneous eruptions. 
 
 Unguentum Htdrargyrt Ammoniati, Ungu- 
 entum hydrargyri prsecipitati albi — u. Hydrar- 
 gyri calcis albae, Unguentum hydrargyri prsecipi- 
 tati albi — u. Hydrargyri compositum, Unguentum 
 hydrargyri nitratis — u. Hydrargyri deutoxydi ni- 
 trati, Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi. 
 
 Unguentum Hydrar'gyri Iod'idi, Ointment 
 of I'odide of Mer'cury. {Hydrarg. lodid. ^j, 
 cercB alb. ^ij, adipis ^vj. Ph. L.) 
 
 Unguentum Hydrar'gyri Iod'idi Rubri, Oint- 
 ment of Red I'odide of Mer'cury. {Hydrarg. 
 lodid. llubr. ^j, Ung. cerm alha ,^vij. Ph. D.) 
 Both these ointments may be applied to scrofu- 
 lous and indolent ulcers. 
 
 Unguentum ex Hydrapgtro mitius dictum 
 CINEReuji, Unguentum oxydi hydrargyri cine- 
 reum. 
 
 Unguentum Hydrargyri Nitra'tis, U. hy- 
 drargyri nitrati seu aupernitra'tis hydrargyri seu 
 hydrar'gyri compos'itum seu mercuriale cit'rinnm 
 seu cit'rinnm ad acabiem, Bal'samum mercuria'le, 
 Adeps nitra'te hydrargyri medica'tna. Ointment 
 of Nitrate of Mer'cury, Citrine Ointment, (F.) 
 Onguent de nitrate de mercure, 0. citrin contre la 
 gale. {Hydrarg. 5j, acid, nitric, f^xiv. olei bu- 
 bnli f§ix, adipis ^iij. Dissolve the mercury in 
 the acid ; and, while hot, add the oil and melted 
 lard. Ph. U. S. 
 
 A milder ointment, — Ung. nitratis Hydrargyri 
 mitins, — is made with triple the quantity of oil 
 and lard. It is stimulant and detergent, and is 
 much used as an application to herpes, porrigo, 
 and cutaneous eruptions. The weaker ointment 
 is sometimes used in ophthalmia tarsi, &o. 
 
 Unguentum Hydrargyri Ni'trico-ox'ydi, 
 U. subnitra'tia hydrargyri seu Oxydi Hydrargyri 
 rubri, U. H. oxidi rubri {Ph. U, S.), U, deutox'- 
 ydi hydrarg, nitrati seu Hydrargyri rubri seu ex 
 Hydrargyro oxyda'to rubro seu mercurii rubrum 
 seu ophthal'micum rubrum seu subnitra'tis hy- 
 drargyr'ici, Bal'samum ophthal'micum rubrum, 
 Ointment of Nitric Oxyd of Mercury, Red Pre- 
 cip'itate Ointment, Golden Ointment, Singleton's 
 Eye Salve, {Hydrarg. oxid. rubr. in pulv. sub- 
 tiiiss. 5J ; Ung. simpl. §j. Add the oxyd, re- 
 
 duced to a fine powder, to the melted ointment. 
 Ph. U. S.) Stimulant and escharotic. Applied 
 to foul ulcers, to inflammation of the tarsi, &c. ifcc. 
 Belleville's Cerate, which has been long used 
 in eases of scalled head, and of chronic cutaneous 
 diseases in general, is made as follows : — Plumbl 
 acet. ^j ; hydrarg. oxid. rubr. ^ss; hyd. chlorid, 
 mit. 3ij ; cerw albas ^iv; ol. oliv. §vj. Melt the 
 last two, and add the others in fine powder. 
 
 Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri, Un- 
 guentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi — u. ex Hy- 
 drargyro oxydato rubro, Unguentum hydrargyri 
 nitrico-oxydi — u. Hydrargyri oxydi rubri, Ungu- 
 entum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi. 
 
 Unguentum Hydrargyri Pr^cipita'ti Albi, 
 U. Hydrar'gyri ammonia'ti, {Ph. U. S.) seu sub- 
 muria'tia hydrargyri ammonia'ti seu ad scabiem 
 Zelleri seu mercuria'le album seu mundif'icans 
 Zelleri seu e mercu'rio prcBcipita'to seu calcis hy- 
 drargyri albcB, Ointment of ivhite ]frecipitate. 
 {Hyd. ammon. ^j, 7ing. simpl. ^:5iss. Melt the fat, 
 and add the precipitate.) Detergent. Used in 
 cutaneous eruptions, to destroy vermin, <fcc. 
 
 Unguentum Hydrargyri Rubri, U. Hydrar- 
 gyri nitrieo-o.xydi — u. Hydrargyri submuriatis 
 ammoniati, U. Hydrargyri prsecipitati albi — u. 
 Hydrargyrici subnitratis, U. hydrargyri nitrico- 
 oxydi — u. Hydrargyri subnitratis, U. hydrargyri 
 nitrico-oxydi — u. Hydrargyri supernitratis, U. 
 hydrargyri nitratis — u. Infusi meloes vesicatorii, 
 U. lyttae — u. Irritans, U. lyttae. 
 
 Unguen'tum Iod'ini, U. lodin'ii, Ointment of 
 Iodine. {lodin. ^j ; Potass, iodid. gr. iv ; Aqum 
 tT\^vi ; Adipis. 5J. Rub the iodine and iodide first 
 with the water until liquefied, and then with the 
 lard until mixed. Ph. U. S.) Used as a local 
 application to goitrous and other swellings. 
 
 Unguentum Iod'ini Compos'itum, U. lodin'ii 
 comp>ositum., Compound Ointment of Iodine. {lodin 
 ^ss; Potassii iodid. ^j ; Alcohol, f ^j ; adipis ^ij 
 Rub the iodine and iodide first with the alcohol 
 and then with the lard until they are well mixed. 
 Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Unguentum Lau'rinum, O'leum lau'rinum, 
 Adeps laaro-medica' tus. Bay Ointment, (F.) 0)!- 
 guent ou Huile de laurier. {Pol. lauri, 500 p., 
 adip. suillcB, 1000 p. Bruise in a marble mortar; 
 evaporate all humidity by boiling ; and add Bay 
 berries, in powder, 600 p. Digest and pass 
 through linen. Ph. P.) Reputed to be corro- 
 borant and nervine. It is simply emollient. 
 
 Unguentum Lenitivum, U. de althasa — u. Li- 
 liaceum, Crinomyron. 
 
 Unguentum LytTjE, Ung. canthar'idia sen vesi- 
 cato'riam senirri'tana seu ad vesica'ta seu infu'si 
 mel'oea vesicato'rii seu epispas'ticum mit"ius. 
 Blistering Salve, Ointment of Spanish Flies, Oint- 
 m entof Infusion of Spa n iah Flies, Milder blis'tering 
 Ointment. {Cantharid. in pulv. ^ij ; nquts deatil- 
 lat. Oss ; cerat. resin. §viij. Boil down the water- 
 with the Spanish flies to one-half, and strain; 
 then mix the cerate with the strained liquor, and 
 evaporate to the proper consistence. Ph. U. S.) 
 It is stimulant and epispastic; and is chiefly 
 used for keeping up the discharge from a blistered 
 surface. 
 
 Unguentum Lyttje Medica'tum, Adeps can- 
 tharid'ibus medica'tna, Poma'tum seu Unguentum 
 epispas'ticum vir'ide stim'ulana ac'ribus. Green 
 blis'tering Ointment, (F.) Pommade epispastiquo 
 verte. {Pomati seu unguenti cantharid. 64 p., 
 unguent. popuJei 168 p., cercB albce 256 p., cupri 
 acetat., ext. opii, aa 24 p. Melt the unguentum 
 populeum, and wax, and add, as they cool, the 
 oxyd of copper, cantharides, and opium. Ph. P.) 
 Use, same as the last. 
 
 Unguentum Lyttae Medica'tum A'liud, 
 Adepa cantharid' ibua medica'tus alius, Poma'tum 
 epispas'ticum Jlavum et mit"iua, Yelloio Blister. 
 
UNGTIENTUM 
 
 944 
 
 UNGUENTUM 
 
 ing Ointment, (F.) Pommade ejnspasfiqae jaune. |J 
 {Pnlv. canthand. 120 p., adip. prmp. 16S0 p., jj 
 aqucB 250 p. Melt the lard; mis the cantharides, 
 and add the water at the same time ; place the 
 whole on a gentle fire; stir continually for two 
 hours, and add a little water to replace that which 
 has been evaporated. Pass through linen and 
 strain. Keep it in a water-bath, and add pow- 
 dered turmeric, S p. Let it cool till the super- 
 fluous liquid separates; pour off and add yellow 
 loax, 250 p., Oil of Lemon, 8 p. Ph. P.) A com- 
 plex preparation. Use, same as the last. 
 
 An ointment, not very philosophically com- 
 bined, was used by Dr. Physick, which is known 
 by the name of "Dr. Physick's Issue Ointment." 
 It is made by boiling half an ounce of powdered 
 cantharides in two ounces of rose-icater, and eva- 
 porating until one-half of the fluid is driven off, 
 having previously added l5 grains of tartar emetic. 
 The decoction is to be strained, and three ounces 
 of olive oil, an ounce and a half of white wax, and 
 one ounce of sjjermaceti added to it, and the mix- 
 ture then boiled till all the water is evaporated. 
 
 UxGTJENTuii Melanicum Cacsticuji, Causti- 
 cum ^thiopicum. 
 
 Unguentqm Mercuriale Albtw, TJnguentum 
 hydrargyri prseeipitati albi — u. Mercuriale citri- 
 num, Unguentuui hydrargyri nitratis — u. e Mer- 
 eurio praecipitato, Unguentum hydrargyri prse- 
 eipitati albi — u. Mercurii rubrum, Unguentum 
 hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi — u. Mundificans Zelleri, 
 Unguentum hydrargyri prajcipitati albi. 
 
 UsGUEXTCsr Meze'rei, Ointment of Jlezereon. 
 {Mezer. incis. transversim, ,^iv; adipis, ^xiv; 
 cercB o.lhcB, ^ij ; moisten the mezereon with a 
 little alcohol, and beat in an iron mortar, until 
 reduced to a fibrous mass ; then digest it with 
 the lard, in a salt-water bath, for 12 hours ; strain 
 forcibly, and allow the strained liquor to cool 
 slowly, so that any undissolved matters may 
 subside; from these separate the medicated lard; 
 melt it with the wax at a moderate heat, and stir 
 constantly till they are cold. Ph. U. S.j To 
 keep open blisters, issues, &c. 
 
 UNGrENTDir Muria'tis Hydrargyri Oxyge- 
 NA'to Medica'tum, Adeps muria't'e hydrargyri 
 oxygena'to rnedicatns, Cyrillo's Ointment, (F.) 
 Pommade de Cyrillo. {Hydrar. oxymxir. 4 p.; 
 ndipis siiilli prmp. 32 p. — Ph. P.) Antivenereal 
 and alterative. Used in friction, ^ss at a time. 
 
 Unguentum jSTardinum, see ^STardus Indica — 
 u. Neapolitanum, Unguentum hydrargyri — u. 
 Xervinum, Unguentum Sambuci — u. Xitrieum 
 seu oxygenatum, Unguentum acidi nitrosi. 
 
 Unguentum Ophthal'miccm, Adeps ox'ido hy- 
 drargyri rubra et jAnmhi aceta'te medica'tns, lie- 
 gent's Pommade ojihthalmique, (F.) Pommade oph- 
 thalmique. [Butyr. recent., aq. rosar. lavat. aa 4^ 
 p. : camphor., oxyd. hydrarg. rnhr., acetatis plumhi, 
 aa 0.25 p. Mix intimately. — Ph. P.) In chronic 
 inflammation of the conjunctiva or tarsi. 
 
 Unguentum Ophthalmicum, Unguentum oxidi 
 zinci impuri — u. Ophthalmicum rubrum, Unguen- 
 tum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi. 
 
 Unguentum O'pii, Ointment of Opiiim. [Opii 
 pulv. 9j ; adipis ^j ; M. — Ph. L.) To be used 
 where the local application of opium by inunction 
 is needed. 
 
 Unguentum Ox'idi Hydrargyri Cine'kbi, 
 Adeps seu TJnguentum ex hydrargyro mit'ius dic- 
 tum cinereum, Ointment of gray oxide of 'mercury, 
 (F.) Ongnent gris. [Oxyd. hydrarg. ciner. -p. j ; 
 adipis suilli, p. iij. — Ph. E.) Properties like 
 the mercurial ointment. It is not much used. 
 
 Unguentum Ox'idi Plumbi Albi, U. cerus'sa 
 seu allium seu subaceta'tis 2-'lumbi, Ointment of 
 tchite oxide of lead. White ointment. {Unq. sim- 
 plicis, p. v; oxyd. plumb, alb. p. j. — Ph. E. and i 
 
 P.) Cooling and desiccative. Applied to exco- 
 riated and burnt surfaces. 
 
 Unguentum Oxibi Plumbi Carbonati, U. 
 Plumbi subcarbonatis — u. Oxidi zinci, Unguen- 
 tum zinci. 
 
 Unguentum Ox'idi Zinci Impu'ri, U. tu'ticB seu 
 ojjhthal'micum seu dia/jompthol'ygos, Adeps ox'- 
 idi zinci medica'tus, Eye-salve, Tutty ointment, 
 Ointment of impure oxide of zinc. (Linim. simpl. 
 p. v; oxyd. zinc. imp. prcep. p. j. — Ph. E.) 
 Generally used in ophthalmia tarsi and atonic 
 ophthalmia. 
 
 Unguentuji Picis Liq'uid^, U. Picia seu e 
 Pice, Tar Ointment. [Picis liquid., sevi, sing. 
 Ibj. Melt, and stir till cold.— Ph. U. S.) Stimu- 
 lant and detergent. Used in tinea capitis, and 
 other cutaneous eruptions. 
 
 Unguentum Picis Nigr^, Unguentum resinae 
 nigrse — u. Plumbi acetatis, Ceratum plumbi su- 
 peracetatis — u. Plumbi carbonatis, Unguentum 
 plumbi subcarbonatis. 
 
 Unguentum Plumbi Compos'itum, Compound 
 Ointment of Lead. [Emp. Plumbi, ibiij ; ol. oliv. 
 f^xviij ; cret. jjrcepar. ^vj ; acid. aeet. dil. f^vj. 
 Dissolve the plaster in the oil with a slow fire; 
 then add the chalk, and afterwards the acid, con- 
 stantly stirring until they become cold. — Ph. L.) 
 Used as a dressing to flabby, indulent ulcers. 
 
 Unguentum Plumbi Iod'idi, Ointment of Io- 
 dide of Lead. {Plumb, iodid. ^j ; adipis, ^'viij ; 
 M. — Ph. L.) Used as a eutrophic in chronic, 
 glandular, and other swellings. 
 
 Unguentum Plumbi Oxydi Carboxati, Un- 
 guentum plumbi subcarbonatis — u. Plumbi subace- 
 tatis, Unguentum oxidi plumbi albi — u. Plumbici 
 carbonatis, Unguentum plumbi subcarbonatis. 
 
 Unguentum Plumbi Subcaebona'tis, U. plum- 
 bi carbona'iis (Ph. U. S.) seu album seu album 
 simplex seu carbona'tis plumbici seu eerus'sa; seu 
 oxidi plumbi carbona'ti, Cera'tum de cerus'sd, (F.) 
 Onguent blanc de Ehazes, 0. de ceruse, 0. de 
 Tornamira. (Plumbi carbonat. in pulv. subtiliss. 
 ,^ij; Unguent, simpl. Ibj. Add the carbonate of 
 lead to the ointment previously softened over a 
 gentle fire, and mix. — Ph. U. S.) Chiefly used 
 as a dressing for burns. 
 
 Unguentum Plumbi Superaoeta'tis, U. ace- 
 ta'tis plumbi seu saturni'num seu cerus'sce aceta'- 
 tcB, Bcd'samum universa'le, Ointment of sugar of 
 lead. [Olive oil, Ibss ; white wa.c, ^iss; super- 
 acetate of lead, ^\j.) Cooling, desiccative. Called, 
 also, Bahamum saturni'num, Buty'rum satur'ni, 
 Linimen'tnm pAumba'tum, Poma'tum satur'ni, 
 Ung. triphar'macum. 
 
 Unguentum Popule'um, Adeps popav' ere, hy- 
 oscy'amo, et belladon'nd medica'tus. Fresh buds 
 of the populus nigra, 500 p., macerated in adeps 
 suillus prcep. melted, 1500 p., for 24 hours. Pre- 
 serve this. Take blacJc poppy leaves, belladonna, 
 hyoscyamus, black nightshade, aa 128 p.; bruise 
 in a mortar with the former preparation; boil 
 until all the humidity is evaporated, and strain. — 
 Ph. P.) Anodyne. Applied to local inflamma- 
 tions, hemorrhoids, sore nipples, cancer, <fcc. 
 Green elder ointment is often sold for this. 
 
 Unguentum Populeum, see Populus. 
 
 Unguentum Potas's^ Hydrioda'tis. U. po- 
 tas'sii iod'idi (Ph. U. S.), Ointment of hydri'odate 
 of potass. [Potass, iodid. in pulv. subtil. ,^j ; aq. 
 bullient. f ^j ; adipis, ^j. Dissolve the iodide in 
 the water, and mix the solution with the lard. — 
 Ph. U. S.) Half a drachm of this ointment is 
 rubbed on scrofulous glands, goitre, <tc. 
 
 Unguentum Potassii Iodidi, Unguentum Po- 
 tassse Hydriodatis — u. Pulveris meloes tesica- 
 torii. Cerate of cantharides — u. E-esinee flavae, 
 Ceratum resinae flavae. 
 
 Unguentum Resi'n^ NigRjE, U. resincB nigrum 
 seu basil'icon nigrum seu Picis nigrm seu Picia 
 
UNGUENTUM 
 
 945 
 
 UNITING BANDAGE 
 
 tetrapJiarm' acum, Black hasilicon, Black resin 
 ointment, Ointment of pitch, Ointment of black 
 pitch. {Resin nigr., cerm flavm, resincB fiav. aa \ 
 ^\yi; old olivcB, Oj. — Ph. L.) Uses, the same as i 
 ihe Ceratum resinoB or Yellow hasilicon. 
 
 Ungoentum Resinje Pini Syltestris Com- 
 POSiTUM, Unguentum de Althaea — u. Resinosum, 
 Ceratum resinaB flavae — u. P>,esumptivum, Un- 
 guentum de althaea. 
 
 Ungitentum Sabine. Ceratum Sabinse. 
 Unguentum Sambu'ci, U. samhu'cinum seu 
 nervi'num, Green ointment, Elder ointment, (F.) 
 Onrjuent de sureau. (Samhuci flor. Ibij j adipia 
 prcsp. ftij. Boil. — Ph. L.) Emollient. 
 
 Unguentum Satuuninum, Unguentum plumbi 
 superacetatis — u. ad Scabiem Zelleri, Unguentum 
 hydrargyri prtecipitati aibi — u. Simplex, Ceratum 
 Galeni, Unguentum cer« — u. Solidum de cieuta, 
 Emplastrum cicutae — u. Spermatis ceti, Unguen- 
 tum cetacei. 
 
 Unguentum Stramo'nii,' OnitoeH^ of Stramo'- 
 nium. [Ext. stramon. fol. ^j ; adipis, ^j. Rub 
 the extract with a little water until uniformly 
 soft, and then with the lard. — Ph. U. S.) An 
 anodyne ointment to irritable ulcers, hemorrhoids, 
 &c. 
 
 Unguentum Subaceta'tis Cupri, U. cupri 
 subaceta'tis (Ph. U. S.) seu deter'gens seu hasil'- 
 icum vir'ide seu cBru'ginis, Bal'samitm viride. 
 Ointment of suhacetate of copper, Ver'digris oint- 
 ment. {Cupri suhacet. in pulv. subtiliss. ^j ; nng. 
 simjjl. 3^^- ■^^'^ ^^^ subacetate to the ointment 
 previously melted with a moderate heat, and stir 
 till cold. — Ph. U. S.) Detergent and escharotic. 
 Unguentum Sulphura'tum ad Sca'biem, 
 Adcps sid'phure et ammo'nim mtiria'te medica'tus. 
 {Adipis, 120 p.; sidph. lot. 60 p.; ammonim mu- 
 riat., alamincB sidphat. aa 4 p. ; fiat unguentum'. — 
 Ph. P.) Antipsoric. 
 
 Bailey's Itch Ointment is composed of olive oil, 
 lard, nitre, alum, sulphate of zinc, and cinnabar ; 
 scented with oil of aniseed, oil of origanum, and 
 oil of spike, and coloured with alkanet-root. 
 
 Unguentum Sulphura'tum Alcali'num ad 
 Sca'biem, Adeps sulph'ure et carhona'te potasscB 
 medica'tus,Hel'merick's Alcaline Sulplnira' ted Itch 
 Ointment. {Adip. prcep. 800 p.; sulphur, lot. 200 
 p.; carhonat. potass, pur. 100 p.; fiat ung. — Ph. 
 P.) Use, same as the last. 
 
 Bateman's Itch Ointment resembles this. It is 
 coloured with cinnabar, and scented with essence 
 of hergamot. 
 
 Unguentum Sul'phuris, U. e sulph'ure, Sul- 
 phur ointment. {Sulph. Ibj ,• adip. tbij. — Ph. U. 
 S.) Used chiefly in itch, and some herpetic 
 afi"ections. 
 
 Unguentum Sulphuris Compos'itum, U. An- 
 tipsor'icum. Compound Sulphur Ointment, Itch 
 Ointment, Jackson's Itch Ointment, Pommade An- 
 tijysorique de Jasser. {Sulph. sublim. Ibss ; ve- 
 ratri rad. contus. ^ij ; piotassa nitrat. ^) ; sapo- 
 nin mollis, R)ss; adipis, Ibiss ; ol. bergamot. 
 Tt\,xxx. — Ph. L.) The Unguentum Sulphuris 
 Compositum of the Pharm. U. S. is made as fol- 
 lows : — Sulphur, ^j ; hydrargyri ammoniat., acid, 
 benzoic, aa ^j ; ol. bergamot., acid, sulphuric, aa 
 f,oJ ! potasscB nitrat. ^U j adipis, ibss. To the 
 melted lard add the other ingredients, and stir 
 till cold. Use, the same as the last; but it is 
 more stimulating. 
 
 Unguentum Sulph'ukis Iod'idi, 'Ointment of 
 I'odide of Sulphur. {Sulphur, iodid. ,^ss ; adi- 
 pis, ^j. Rub the iodide with a little of the lard ; 
 add the remainder, and mix. — Ph. U. S.) An 
 excellent application in chronic cutaneous affec- 
 tions. 
 
 Unguentum Susinum, Crinomyron. 
 Unguentum Tab'aci, Tobacco Ointment. {Ta- 
 lac. recent, concis. ^j ; adip)is, Ibj. Boil the to- 
 60 
 
 bacco in the lard, over a gentle fire, till it be- 
 comes friable; then strain through linen. — Ph. 
 U. S.) Applied to irritable ulcars, tinea capi- 
 tis, &c. 
 
 Unguentum Tartari Emetict, U. antimonii 
 tartarizati — u. Tartari stibiati, U. antimonii tar- 
 tarizati — u. e Tartaro potassae stibiati, U. anti- 
 monii tartarizati — u. Tartratis pota-ssae stibiati, 
 U. antimonii tartarizati — u. de Terebinthina et 
 adipibus, U. elemi compositum — u. de Terebin- 
 thina et cera, U. de althaea — u. Terebinthinae et 
 ovorum vitelli, U. digestivum simplex — u. Tetra- 
 pharmacum, Basilicon, U. resinae nigrae — u. Tri- 
 pharmacum, U. plumbi superacetatis — u. Tutiae, 
 U. oxidi zinci impuri. 
 
 Unguentum Vera'tri, U. Veratri albi (Ph. U. 
 S.) seu helleb'ori albi. White hellebore ointment. 
 {Veratr. pulv. §ij ; adipis, ^viij ; olei Union. 
 TT\^xx.) Used in cases of itch, where sulphur is 
 objected to. It is not equally efficacious. 
 
 The principal ingredients in the Edinburgh 
 Ointment are ichite hellebore and muriate of am- 
 monia. 
 
 Unguentum ad Vesicata, U. lyttae — u. ad 
 Vesieatoria, Cerate of cantharides — u. Vesicato- 
 rium, Unguentum lyttae. 
 
 Unguentum Zinci, U. ox'idi zinci seu zinoi 
 opcidi (Ph. U. S.), Zinc ointment. {Zinci oxid. 
 ^j ,• adipis, ^vj.) Use, the same as that of the 
 Unguentiim tutiae. 
 Unguentum Zinci Oxidi, U. zinci. 
 UNGUIS, Hippocampus minor. Nail, Onyx, 
 Pterygion — u. Avis, Hippocampus minor — u. 
 Halleri, Hippocampus minor — u. Odoratus, Blatta 
 Byzantia. 
 
 Unguis Os, Os lacryma'le. A small, quadri- 
 lateral, very thin, and semi-transparent bone, 
 which has been compared to a human nail, and 
 is situate at the anterior and inner part of the 
 orbit. It aids in the formation of the lachrymal 
 gutter and the nasal duct. It is articulated with 
 the frontal, superior maxillary, ethmoid, and 
 inferior spongy bones, and is developed by a sin- 
 gle punctum ossifcationis. 
 
 UNGULA CABALLINA, Tussilago. 
 UNGUES PALPEBRARUM, see Tarsus. 
 UNHEALTHY, Sickly. 
 UNICORN ROOT, ChamKlirium luteum. 
 UNILOC'ULAR, Unilocula'ris, from unus, 
 'one,' and loculus, (diminutive of locus,) 'a cell.' 
 Having one cell or cavity, as hiloc'idar means 
 having two cells or cavities ; mult Hoc' ular, having 
 many. 
 
 UNIO. Pearl. 
 
 UNIOCULUS, Cyclops, Monoculus. 
 UNION BY THE FIRST AND SECOND 
 INTENTIONS, see Intention. 
 UNIPARIENS, Uniparous. 
 UNIPARIENT, Uniparous. 
 UNIP'AROUS, Unipa'rient, Unipariens, from 
 %inus, 'one,' and pario, 'I bring forth.' Pro- 
 ducing one at a birth. 
 
 UNISE'MA DELTIFO'LIA, Pontede'ria eor- 
 da'ta. Shovel Pickerelweed, Pond Shovel, Shovel- 
 leaf, Water Plantain. An indigenous plant, Ord. 
 Pontederiaceae, Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia, 
 which grows in water, and flowers from June to 
 August. The root is emollient and astringent. 
 
 UNIT AIRES {MONSTRES) (F.), from uni- 
 tas, 'oneness.' A class of monsters in which are 
 found only the complete or incomplete elements 
 of a single individual. In contradistinction to 
 Compound monsters, (F.) llonstres composes, in 
 which there are the complete or incomplete ele- 
 ments of more than one. 
 
 UNPTING BANDAGE, (F.) Bandage unia- 
 sant. A bandage for bringing the edges of a 
 wound into approximation. The arrangement 
 
UNIVOCAL GENERATION 
 
 946 
 
 URETHRA 
 
 of such a bandage differs according as the wound 
 is transverse or longitudinal. 
 
 UNIVOCAL GENERATION, see Generation. 
 UNOCULUS, Borgne. Cyclops, Monoculus. 
 UNORGANIZED, Inorganic. 
 UNSTRIPED MUSCULAR FIBRE, see Mus- 
 cular fibre. 
 
 UNWELL, see Menstruation. 
 UPAS. A word used in the Archipelagos of 
 Molucca and Sunda, and signifying Veyetahle 
 Poison, Ipo, Bolion, Polion, or Boa or Boon Upas, 
 Ujxts, Pohon Antiar, Antsjar. A substance used 
 by the natives of those places for poisoning their 
 arrows. The smallest quantity is capable of de- 
 stroying the largest animal. The tree which 
 produces it is said to be the Antia'ris Toxica'ria. 
 Another species of upas, U. Tieute, Tsliettik or 
 Tjettek, is the produce of a Strychnos, S. Tieute. 
 Many idle stories are told regarding the upas, 
 most of which are fabulous. 
 
 U'RACHUS, U'racus, Urinac'ulum, from ovpov, 
 'urine,' and £;(<<), 'I contain.' {¥.} Ouraque. The 
 urachus, in certain animals, is a long membranous 
 canal, which arises from the bladder, makes its 
 exit from the abdomen by the umbilicus, and ter- 
 minates in the pouch called allciniois. According 
 to Sabatier, this is the arrangement of the ura- 
 chus in the human foetus,- but Bichat and other 
 anatomists consider, that when the canal exists 
 in it, it is a malformation. They regard it as a 
 kind of suspensory ligament of the bladder, ex- 
 tending from the top of that organ to the umbili- 
 cus; and, at the umbilicus, confounded with the 
 abdominal aponeurosis. 
 
 URACRATIA, Enuresis. 
 
 URACUS, Urachus. 
 
 UR^'MIA, Urha'mia, (F.) Ureniie, from ovpov, 
 'urine,' and 'aijta, 'blood.' A condition of the 
 blood in which it contains urine or urea. 
 
 URALI, Curare. 
 
 URANA, Ureter. 
 
 URANE, Urinal. 
 
 URANISCONI'TIS, from ovpaviaKo^, ' the pa- 
 late,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Palati'tis. 
 Inflammation of the palate. 
 
 URANISCOPLAS'TY, Uraniscoplas'tiee, from 
 ovgavianoi, 'the palate,' and irXaariKoi, 'forming.' 
 The operation of engrafting in case of deficiency 
 of the soft palate. 
 
 URANISCORRHAPHIA, Staphylorraphy. 
 
 URANISCOS, Palate. 
 
 URANORRHAPHIA, Staphylorraphy. 
 
 URAPOSTE'MA, Ahsces'eus urino'sus, Urce- 
 de'ma, from ovpov, 'urine,' and a-joaTtjua, 'an ab- 
 scess.' A tumefaction produced by the escape of 
 urine. An abscess containing urine. 
 
 URARI, Curare. 
 
 URAS, Urate. 
 
 URATE, Uras, Lithate, Lithas ; from ovpov, 
 'urine.' A generic name for salts, formed by the 
 combination of uric or lithic acid with ditlerent 
 bases. Urate or Lithate of Soda, for example, is 
 found in arthritic and certain urinary concre- 
 tions: — Urate or Lithate of Ammo'nia in certain 
 urinary deposits. 
 
 URE'A, Uren, Uren'ium, U'ricum, 3Iate'ria 
 urino'sa, Princip'ium seu Sal urino'i'um, Nejih- 
 riiie, (P.) Uree. Same etymon. A white, pearly, 
 brilliant substance, in transparent plates, ino- 
 dorous, and of a cool taste ; very soluble in water ; 
 deliquescent, and soluble in alcohol. It exists, 
 in great quantity, in the urine; and is an essen- 
 tial part of it. It has been used as a diuretic. 
 Dose, gr. xv to ^j. 
 
 UREC'CHYSIS, Urech'ysis, from ovpov, 'urine,' 
 and cKxvoig, 'effusion.' Effusion of urine into the 
 cellular membrane. 
 
 UREDO, Urticaria. 
 UEEE, Urea. 
 
 UREMA, Urine. 
 
 U REM IE, Uraemia. 
 
 UREN, Urea. 
 
 URENIUM, Urea. 
 URENS, Caustic. 
 
 UREORRH(EA, Diabetes. 
 
 URESI^STHESIS, Diuresi^sthesis. 
 
 URESIS, Micturition. 
 
 URE'TER, ovprjTrip. Same etymon as Urate, 
 U'rana, Vena alba renum, Cana'lis ner'vetisfistu- 
 lo'siis renum, Ductus seu Ductor Uri'neB, Vas uri- 
 na'rium, (F.) Uretere. A long, excretory canal 
 — membranous and cylindrical — which conveys 
 the urine from the kidney to the bladder. It ex- 
 tends, obliquely, between the pelvis of the kid- 
 ney, with which it is continuous, and the has fond 
 of the bladder, into which it opens. It enters at 
 the posterior and inferior part, for some distance 
 between the coats, and opens into the cavity of 
 the bladder, at the posterior angle of the Trigone 
 vesical. The ureter is formed of an exterior, 
 white, opake, and fibrous membrane ; and of an 
 inner, which is mucous. 
 
 URETERAL'GIA, from oujsijnyp, 'the ureter,' 
 and aKyoi, ' pain.' Pain in the course of the ure- 
 ter, — as from calculus, Ureteral'gia calculo'sa. 
 
 Ureteralgia Calculosa, see Ureteralgia — u. 
 Inflammatoria, Ureteritis. 
 
 URETERE, Ureter. 
 
 URETER'ICUS. An epithet for isehury, &c., 
 arising from an affection of the ureter. 
 
 URETERI'TIS, Ureteral'gia inflammato'ria, 
 Ureterophlegma'sia, from ureter, and itis, deno- 
 ting inflammation. Inflammation of the ureter j 
 generally caused by calculus. 
 
 URETERO-LITH'ICUS, from ureter, and 
 A(5oj, ' a stone.' An epithet applied to isehury 
 or other affection caused by a stone in the ureter. 
 
 URETEROL'ITHUS. Same etymon. Calcu- 
 lus in the ureter. 
 
 URETEROPHLEGMASIA, Ureteritis. 
 
 URETERO-PHLEGMAT'ICUS, from ureter, 
 and <b\typ.a, 'phlegm or mucus.' Any affection 
 caused by mucus accumulated in the ureter. 
 
 URETERO-PY'ICUS, from ureter, and ttvov, 
 'pus.' An epithet applied to affections caused by 
 the presence of pus in the ureter. 
 
 URETERORRHAG"IA, from ureter, and payn, 
 'rupture.' Hemorrhage from the ureter. 
 
 URETERO-STOMAT'ICUS, from ureter, and 
 oTopa, ' orifice.' That which is dependent upon 
 obstruction of the orifice of the ureter. 
 
 URETERO-THROMBOii'DES, from ureter, 
 Bpon^os, 'grumous blood,' and siSoi, 'resemblance.' 
 Isehury from grumous blood in the ureter. 
 
 URETHRA, ovpri^pa, Oana'lis seu Mea'tus sen 
 Ductus vrina'rius, Urias, Ure'tra, Fis'tula uri- 
 na'ria, Iter urina'rium seu Uri'ncB ; (F.) Urithre, 
 Uretre, from ovpov, 'urine.' The excretory ducts 
 for the urine in both sexes ; and for the sperm in 
 man. In the latter, it is 8 or 10 inches long ; and 
 extends from the neck of the bladder to the ex- 
 tremity of the penis, in which its external aper- 
 ture is situate. In the male urethra, three por- 
 tions are distinguished : — 1. A Prostatic portion, 
 near the bladder, about an inch and a quarter in 
 length, which traverses the prostate gland : — 
 2. A membranous portion, Isthmus ure'thrcB, Pars 
 ure'thrcB membrann'cea, from 8 to 10 lines long, 
 which is separated from the rectum by the areo- 
 lar tissue only : — 3. A spongy portion, which ex- 
 pands, anteriorly, to form the glans, and which 
 commences at the bulb of the urethra. Before 
 opening externally, the canal has a dilatation, 
 called the Fossa or Fossic'ida navicula'ris. On 
 the interior of the urethra two white lines are 
 perceptible — the one above, the other below. 
 The latter commences at the verumontanum ; and 
 
URETHRAL 
 
 947 
 
 URINARY 
 
 at the surface of this, the ejnculatory ducts, and 
 prostatic ducts open. The urethra is lined, in its 
 whole extent, bj' a mucous membrane; on which 
 are seen, particularly at the bulb, the orifices of 
 a numberof follicular ducts, Lacuna or Sinuses 
 of Morgagni. At about an inch and a half from 
 the opening of the meatus, one of these lacuna is 
 generally found, much larger than the rest, and 
 is named Lacuna Jfagna. The arteries of the 
 urethra are numerous, and proceed from the in- 
 ternal pudic, — the largest branches entering the 
 bulb. The veins follow the course of the arteries. 
 The lymphatics pass into the inguinal and hypo- 
 gastric plexuses. The nerves come from the pu- 
 dic and gluteal. In the female, the urethra is 
 only about an inch long. It is wider than in 
 man, and susceptible of great dilatation. It is 
 very wide at its commencement; and descends 
 obliquely forwards, to terminate at the top of the 
 external aperture of the vagina by the mea'tns 
 tirina'rius. In its course, it is slightly curved, 
 the concavity being forwards. 
 
 Urethra, Blind Ducts of the, see Caecus — 
 u. Mucous lacunae of the, see Csecus. 
 
 URE'THRAL, Urethra'lis, Ure'tliricus. Re- 
 lating to the urethra. 
 
 UKETHRAL'GIA, from urethra, and a\yoi, 
 'pain.' Pain in the urethra. Gonorrhoea. 
 
 URETHRE, Urethra. 
 
 URETHREMPHRAXIS, Urethrophraxis. 
 
 URETHRITIS, Gonorrhoea. 
 
 URETHROBLENNORRHOE'A, from urethra, 
 p\tvva, 'mucus,' and pto), 'I flow.' Gonorrhoea; 
 gleet. 
 
 URETHROCYSTAUCHENOTOMIA, see Li- 
 thotomy. 
 
 U R E THROCYSTEOANEURYSMATOTOM- 
 lA, see Lithotomy. 
 
 URETHROCYSTEOTRACHELOTOMIA, see 
 Lithotomy. 
 
 URETHROH^MORRHAGIA, Urethrorrha- 
 gia. 
 
 URETHROPH RAX'IS, Urethremphrax'is, 
 from urethra, and (jtpaaaiji, 'I obstruct.' Obstruc- 
 tion of the urethra. 
 
 URETHROPLAS'TIC, Urethroplas'tictts; from 
 urethra, and irXaaGOj, 'I form.' An epithet given 
 to the operation, U'rethroplasty, which supplies 
 defects in the canal of the urethra through which 
 the urine escapes. 
 
 URETHRORRHA'GIA, Vrethrohmmorrha'- 
 gia, Caulorrha'gia seu Hoematu'ria stillatit"ia, 
 from urethra, and prtyvv^ii, ' I break out.' Hemor- 
 rhage from the urethra. — Frank. 
 
 URETHRORRHCE'A, from urethra, and pEw, 
 'I flow.' A discharge of any kind from the 
 urethra. 
 
 URETHROSTENO'SIS, Stridu'ra ure'throB, 
 Urosteno'sis, Urethrosten'ia, (F.) RetrScissement 
 de rUrethre, from urethra, and cTevuaiSj 'narrow- 
 ness.' Stricture of the urethra. 
 
 U'RETHROTOME, Urethrot'omus, (F.) Ure- 
 throtome, from urethra, and Te^via, 'I cut.' An 
 instrument so called by Le Cat, with which he 
 divided the skin, and laid open the urethra, in 
 the operation for lithotomy. Also, an instrument 
 for dividing strictures of the urethra. 
 
 URETHROT'OMY, Urethrotom'ia; same ety- 
 mon. An operation, which consists in opening 
 the urethra with the Urethrotome, for the remo- 
 val of stricture. See Boutonniere. 
 
 URETHRYMENO'DES, from urethra, and 
 'v/jitiv, 'a membrane.' That which is caused by a 
 membrane formed in the urethra. 
 
 URBTICUS, Diuretic, Urinary. 
 
 URETRA, Urethra. 
 
 URETRE, Urethra. 
 
 URETRIS, Urinal. 
 
 URGINEA SCILLA, Seilla. 
 
 UKHiEMIA, Uraemia. 
 
 URIAS. Fistula (urinary), Urethra. 
 
 URIASIS, Litbia, Uresis. 
 
 URIC ACID, Ac"idum u'rtcum seu urolith'- 
 icum seu lith'icum, Lith'ic, Uryl'ic, Cal'culous, 
 Rezocir'dic, Lithia'sic or Lithen'ic Acid, (F.) 
 Acide vriqiie. An acid which exists in human 
 urine, chiefly, if not wholly, in the form of urate 
 of soda or urate of ammonia, and which in com- 
 bination constitutes the greater part of urinary 
 calculi. It is often deposited from the urine in 
 health. See Calculi, urinary. 
 
 URIC OXIDE, Ox'idvm u'ricum, Xanthic ox- 
 ide. Xanthine, Urous acid. A substance not dis- 
 covered in healthy urine, although probably bear- 
 ing some relation to the yellow colouring matter. 
 It is a very rare ingredient of calculous concre- 
 tions, and little is known either of its chemical or 
 pathological history. 
 
 URICUM, Urea. 
 
 URICUS, Urinary. 
 
 URIDRO'SIS, from ovpov, 'urine,' and 'iSpu^, 
 'sweat.' Urinous sweating. (F.) Sueur uri- 
 neuse. 
 
 _ URINA CEREBELLA.seeCerebella— u.Chy- 
 li, see Urine — u. Cibi, see Urine — u. Diabetica, 
 Urine, diabetic — u. Febrilis, Urine, febrile — u. 
 Furfuracea, see Furfuraccous — u. Galactodes, see 
 Galactodes — u. Genitalis, Sperm— u. Jumentosa 
 seu Jumentaria, Urine, jumentous^u. Mucosa, 
 Cystirrhcea — u. JVephelodcs, see Nepheloid — u. 
 Oroboides seu Orobodes, see Oroboides — u. Peri- 
 cardii, see Pericardium — u. Potfls, see Urine — 
 u. Sanguinis, see Urine — u. Vaccse, Urine, cows'. 
 
 URINACULUM, Urachus, Urinal. 
 
 URIN^ PROFLUVIUM, Diabetes — u. Sup- 
 pressio, Ischuria — u. Stillicidium, Strangury— u. 
 Substillutn, Strangury. 
 
 URINAIRE, Urinary. 
 
 U'RINAL, Urinato'rium, Chernih'ium, U'rane, 
 Ure'tris, Urinac'nlum, Urodochi'.um, Urod'oche, 
 Urodoche'um, Uratra'cium, l/atra'cium, Mat'vln, 
 Matel'la; from urina, 'urine.' A name given, 
 
 1. To certain vessels, used to pass the urine into. 
 
 2. To reservoirs, of different shapes and charac- 
 ter, which are adapted to the penis, in cases of 
 incontinence of urine, and which are intended to 
 receive the urine as it flows off. 
 
 URINALIS, Diuretic, Urinary. 
 
 URINARIA, Antirhinum linaria, Leontodon 
 taraxacum. 
 
 U'RINARY, Urina'rius, Urina'lis, Urino'sus, 
 U'ricus, Uret'icus, (F.) Urinaire. Same etymon. 
 That which relates to the urine. 
 
 Ukinahy Blamiee, Bladder, Vesi'ca Urina'- 
 ria, Cystis, Urocys'tis, (F.) Vessie. A musculo- 
 membranous reservoir, intended for the reception 
 of the urine, until the accumulation of a certain 
 quantity solicits its excretion. The bladder is 
 situate in the hypogastric region, between the 
 rectum and pubis in man ; and between the pubis 
 and vagina in the female. Its upper region is 
 not covered, except by the peritoneum, posteri- 
 orly. From its centre arises the urachus. Its 
 lower region is bounded, anteriorly, by the pros- 
 tate, in man; and rests on the vesiculas semi- 
 nales and rectum. In the female, it corresponds 
 to the vagina. The lowest portion of this region 
 bears the name Bas-fond. The anterior surface 
 of the organ is not covered by peritoneum. It is 
 attached to the symphysis pubis by a fibro-cel- 
 lular expansion called the anterior ligament. 
 The posterior ligaments or r ecto-vesical folds — 
 pliccB semilunares — are dupacatures of the peri- 
 toneum on its posterior surface, which extend 
 from this surface to the rectum in the male, and 
 to the uterus in the female. The bladder is com- 
 posed of a serous membrane, formed by the peri- 
 
URINATION 
 
 948 
 
 URINE CR UE 
 
 toneum ; — of a muscular membrane ; of a some- 
 what thick layer of areolar tissue; and is lined 
 oil its inner surface by a mucous membrane, 
 which is sometimes raised up, here and there, 
 in long prominences or columns by the muscular 
 fibres beneath. To this condition, the French 
 anatomists give the term — vessie d colonnes. In 
 the bas-fond the two ureters open, and the urethra 
 commences ; and the triangular space, which the 
 apertures of these three canals leave between 
 them, is called, by the French, the Trigone vesi- 
 cal or Vesical Triangle, Trigo'nus seu Trigo'nnm 
 vesi'cas seu Lieutau'di, Corpus trigo'num. In the 
 orifice of the urethra, which is also called the 
 neck of the bladder, there is, at its lower part, a 
 mure or less prominent tubercle, which is formed 
 by the anterior angle of the Trigone vesical, and 
 is called the Vesical uvula, U'vula vesi'cce, (F.) 
 £ueite vesicale. 
 
 The arteries of the bladder proceed from the 
 hypogastric, umbilical, sciatic, middle hemor- 
 rhoidal, and internal pudic. Its veins, which are 
 more numerous than the arteries, open into the 
 hypogastric venous plexus. Its nerves emanate 
 from the sciatic and hypogastric plexuses; and 
 its lymphatic vessels pass into the hypogastric 
 ganglia. 
 
 Urinary Calculi. The calculi which form in 
 the urinary passages. See Calculi, urinary. 
 
 Urinary Passages, (F.) Voies urinaires. The 
 aggregate of canals and cavities intended to con- 
 tain the urine and convey it externally. These 
 v}ai/s are composed of excretory ducts, which 
 form the tubular portion of the kidney; of cali- 
 ees ; pelvis ; ureters ; bladder ; and urethra. 
 
 URINATION, Micturition. M. Beraud elabo- 
 rately defines it — a function, the result of which 
 is the expulsion of matters principally solid, but 
 held in solution, which have become improper for 
 nutrition. 
 
 UKINATORIUM, Urinal. 
 
 UPtlNE, Uri'na, ovpov, U'ron, Ure'ma, Lot'ium, 
 Lot, Lapis au'reus, Omich'ma, Becremen'ta seu 
 Retrimen'ta vesi'ccs. Aqua pedum. Aqua, (Old 
 Eng.) Stale, Lee, (Prov.) Herrin, Netting, Saag. 
 An excrementitial fluid: secreted by the cortical 
 part of the kidney; filtered through the tubular 
 portion; ^tour^A. guttatim irova the apices of the 
 tubular papillae into the pelvis of the kidney ; and 
 transmitted by it to the ureters ; which convey it 
 slowly, but in a continuous manner, into the blad- 
 der, where it remains deposited, until its accumu- 
 lation excites a desire to void it. The excretion 
 of the fluid takes place through the urethra; and 
 is caused by the action of the abdominal muscles 
 and diaphragm and the contraction of the fibrous 
 coat of the bladder. Urine is transparent; of a 
 citron-yellow colour; of a peculiar odour, and of 
 an acid, saline, and slightly bitter taste. That 
 which is passed some time after taking fluid, is 
 less coloured, and less odorous and dense than 
 that which is voided 7 or 8 hours after eating. 
 The first is the Uri'na potus, (F.) Urine de la 
 Boisson, Urine of drink: — the latter Uri'na 
 san'guinis, (F.) Urine de la digestion. Urine de 
 la coction. Urine cuite. Coded urine. Urine of di- 
 gestion. Three distinct varieties of urine may, 
 according to Dr. Golding Bird, be recognised : 
 First. That passed some little time after drinking 
 freely of fluids, which is generally pale, and of 
 low specific gravity — 1.003 to 1.009 — Urina po- 
 iti.s. Secondly. That secreted after the digestion 
 (if a full meal; s. g. 1.020 to 1.028, or even 1.0."0 
 ■ — Urina chijli seu cihi. Thirdly. That secreted 
 independently of the immediate stimulus of food 
 and drink, as after a night's rest, which is usu- 
 ally of average density — 1.015 to 1.025, and pre- 
 sents the essential characters of urine — Urina 
 ■unguinis. 
 
 The following are the ordinary constituent? of 
 healthy human urine : — urea, uric acid, [hippuric 
 acid :] extractive matters, embracing alcohol ex- 
 tract, spirit extract, and water extract, with their 
 respective constituents ; mucus ; brown colouring 
 matter of the urine, (hsemaphaein ;) red colouring 
 matter of the urine, (uroerythrin :) carbonic, lac- 
 tie, hydrochloric, sulphuric, phosphoric, silicic, 
 and hydrofluoric acids; soda; potassa; ammo- 
 nia; lime; magnesia; and peroxide of iron. The 
 proportion of solid matters in 1000 parts of urine 
 may vary from 20 to 70. The following table 
 expresses the relative amounts of the different 
 components in every 100 parts of the solid mat- 
 ter, according to the analysis of different ob- 
 servers : 
 
 erzelius. 
 
 Lehmann 
 
 Simon. Marchand 
 
 45.10 
 
 49.68 
 
 33.S0 48.91 
 
 1.50 
 
 1.61 
 
 1.40 1.59 
 
 Urea, 
 Uric Acid, 
 Extractive matter. 
 
 Ammonia. Salts. 
 
 and Chloride of 
 
 Sodium. 
 
 Alkaline Sulphates," 10.30 11.58 8.14 10.18 
 
 Alkaline Phosphates, 6.88 5.96 6.50 4.57 
 
 Phosphates of lime ( j^q ^^ g- ^^^ ^g^ 
 
 and magnesia, ) 
 
 Its average specific gravity is about 1.015. The 
 quantity passed by the adult in the 24 hours va- 
 ries. On the average it may amount to two 
 pounds and a half. Sometimes, the urine, in 
 health and disease, exhibits appearances that 
 have received special names. Thus, that which 
 is characterized by a deficiency of solid matters 
 generally, has been called i^T^/c/rnVjn, (^viuip, 'wa- 
 ter ;') by a deficiency of urea, Anazotu'ria, (ov, 
 privative, and azote;) by a superabundance of 
 urea, Azotu'ria. Urine in which the deposit 
 consists of lithic acid, and the lithates, has been 
 termed Lithu'ria ; and that in which the deposit 
 consists of the earthy and earthy-alkaline phos- 
 phates, PAos^j^it'rfa Ceraynu' ria, (KEpa/jiog, 'potters' 
 earth,') &c. &c. At times, a. pellicle forms on the 
 surface {Cremor urince) which consists of mucus 
 and some salts : at others, there is a cloud, (Nu- 
 bec'ula, nuhes,) towards its upper part, which is 
 called Enaore'rna when it is suspended, as it 
 were, about the middle of the liquid. Occasion- 
 ally, there is a sediment, to which the names Hy- 
 pos'tasis, Sedimen'tum, &e., have been given. (See 
 these various words.) The urine is often deserv- 
 ing of attention in disease; but it has been con- 
 sidered a matter of more importance than it me- 
 rits. Some empirics have presumed to pronounce 
 on the nature of disease by simply inspecting it. 
 See Uroscopy. 
 
 Human urine was, at one time, considered ape- 
 rient; and was given in jaundice, in the dose of 
 one or two ounces. Cows' urine, Urina Vacem, 
 Allfloxoer water, was once used, warm from the 
 cow, as a purge, in the dose of Oss. 
 
 Urine has been variously designated by pa- 
 thologists, according to its appearance, <fec., for 
 example : — 
 
 Urise, Anj.'mic, Uri'na ancs'mica. A term 
 used, but not felicitously, for the form of urine 
 that occurs in anaemia, chlorosis, (fcc— Becquerel. 
 
 URINE AliDENTE. Ardent urine— u. Bloody, 
 Hematuria — u. de la Boisson, Urine, hj'sterical, 
 see Urine — v. Briquete, see Lateritious — u. de la 
 Coction, see Urine. 
 
 Urine, Critde, (F.) Urine crue. Urine that is 
 thin, transparent, and but little coloured, afi'ord- 
 ing neither cloud nor deposite. 
 
 URINE CRUE, Urine, crude — !i. Cuile, see 
 Urine. 
 
 Urine, Cystin'ic, Cystinu'ria. Urine contain- 
 ing cystine or cystic oxide in solution, or as a 
 deposite. 
 
URINE DE LA DIGESTION 
 
 949 
 
 UROGENITAL 
 
 Urine, Diabet'ic, Uri'na diahe'liea. Urine 
 passed in Diabetes mellitus, Melita'ria. It eon- 
 tains a large quantity of sugar analogous to that 
 of the grape, which may be separated in the form 
 of crystals. In other respects, the urine is very 
 abundant and verj' limpid in that affection. 
 
 URINE DE LA DIGESTION, see Urine. 
 
 Urine, Drop'sical, is an animoniacal urine, 
 often containing much albumen and scarcely any 
 urea. 
 
 Urine, Dyspep'tic, has been found to precipi- 
 tate tannin abundantly, and to soon putrefy. 
 
 URINE EPAISSE, Urine, mucilaginous. 
 
 Urine, Febrile, Uri'na fehri'lif. Urine dis- 
 charged in inflammation and inflammatory fever. 
 
 Urine, FiLAifENTOus, see Filamentous. 
 
 Urine, Floc'culent, (F.) Urine foconneuse, 
 is when the fluid is troubled by flooculi, suspend- 
 ed in it. 
 
 Urine, Fdrpdra'ceous, see Furfuraeeous — u. 
 Floconneuse, Urine, flocculent — u. des Goutteux, 
 Urine, gouty. 
 
 Urine, Gooty, (F.) Urine des goutteux, con- 
 tains much phosphate of lime, and, after severe 
 attacks of gout, precipitates a mixture of the uric 
 and rosacic acids. 
 
 URINE HUILEUSE, Urine, oily. 
 
 Urine, Hyster'ical, is clear, colourless, and 
 similar to the Urine de la Roisson. 
 
 Urine, Icter'ical, contains bile. 
 
 Urine, Incontinence of, Enuresis. 
 
 Urine of Inflam'matory Diseases. This 
 is, generally, small in quantity, and very high- 
 coloured. 
 
 Urine, Involuntary DischaPvGE of. Enuresis. 
 
 Urine, Jomen'tods, Uri'na jnment.u'sa sou ju- 
 menta'ria, (F.) Urine Jumenteiise. A term used, 
 by the French, for ammoniacal urine, rendered 
 turbid by a substance similar to small grains of 
 dust, which causes it to resemble the urine of 
 herbivorous animals. 
 
 URINE LACTESCENTE, U. milky— «. Lai- 
 teuse. Urine, milky. 
 
 Urine, Milky, (F.) Ui-ine lartescente ou lai- 
 teuse. White and troubled urine. 
 
 Urine, Mdcilag"inous, (F.) Urine epaisse. 
 Urine containing much mucus. 
 
 Urine, Nervous. Thin and very liquid urine ; 
 such as is passed shortly after the attack of ner- 
 vous diseases. 
 
 Urine of Nervous Fevers is generally very 
 thin ; and often deposits a mixture of uric and 
 rosacic acids. 
 
 Urine, Oily, (F.) Urine Jiuilense, is that which 
 pours like oil, or which has an oily pellicle at its 
 surface. 
 
 Urine, Oxal'ic, Oxala'ria. Urine containing 
 a salt of the oxalic acid. 
 
 Urine, Phosphores'cent, Phosphom' ria,Phos- 
 phu'ria. Urine which is luminous or phospho- 
 rescent. 
 
 Urine, Purpuric, see Porphyruria. 
 
 Urine, Rick'ety, contains much phosphate of 
 lime. 
 
 Urine, Sandy, Arenosa urina — u. Stoppage of. 
 Ischuria — u. Tenue, Urine, thin. 
 
 Urine, Thin, (F.) Urine tenue. Urine that is 
 transparent, slightly coloured, and but little 
 dense 
 
 URINEUX, Urinous. 
 
 URINIF'EROUS, Urinifer, (F.) Urinifere, 
 from ovpov, 'urine,' and fero, 'I carry.' That 
 which carries urine. 
 
 Uriniferous Substance of the Kidney, sec 
 Kidney. 
 
 Urinif'erous Tubes or Ducts op Belli'ni, 
 Tu'huli seu duc'tus urinif'eri Belli'ni, Tu'huli 
 Belli'ni seu recti, Bellinia'ni Ductus, Bellinia'nai 
 
 Urinometer. 
 
 Fis'tulcB. The collection of small tubes, con- 
 verging from the cortical part of the kidney to 
 the apices of the papillae. The tortuous urinife- 
 rous ducts are called Tubes of Ferreiu, Tu'huli 
 contor'fi seu Ferrei' nii. 
 
 URINIP'AROUS, (F.) Urinipare, from urina, 
 'urine,' and ^jo;-e;-e, 'to produce.' An epithet for 
 tubes in the cortical portion of the kidney, which 
 prepare the urine. 
 
 URINODES, Urinous. 
 
 URINOM'ETER, from oupov, 'urine,' and ;u£- 
 rpov, 'measure.' A small hy- 
 drometer for taking the specific 
 gravity of urine. The urino- 
 meter suggested by Dr. Prout 
 is divided into 60 degrees, the 
 zero being the point at which it 
 floats in distilled water. The 
 numbers on the scale added to 
 1000, the specific gravity of 
 water, give the particular spe- 
 cific gravity : thus, supposing 
 the number cut by the surface 
 of the liquid to be 30, it would 
 indicate a s. g. of 1.030. The 
 letters H. S. on the back of the 
 scale mean "healthy standard," 
 which ranges from 10° to 20°. 
 
 U'RINOUS, Uriiw'sus, Uri- 
 no'des, (F.) Urineux. Having 
 the character of urine. Similar 
 to urine. 
 
 UROCE'LE, (Edema scroti 
 urino'snm, Uroscheoee'le, Os- 
 cheocele urina'lis, from ovpov, and KriXtj, 'a rup- 
 ture.' A tumour of the scrotum, owing to the 
 effusion of urine into the same, and into the areo- 
 lar tissue. 
 
 UROCHES'IA, Uroehez'ia, from ovpov, and 
 X^^^i-v, ' to go to stool.' A discharge of urine by 
 the bowels. 
 
 UROCRASIA, Enuresis. 
 
 UROCRIS'IA, from ovpov, and Kpivoi, ' I judge.' 
 Urocrite'rion. A judgment formed either of the 
 urine, or of disease after inspecting the urine. 
 
 UROCRITERION, Urocrisia. 
 
 UROCYSTIS, Urinary bladder. 
 
 UROCYSTITIS, 'Cystitis. 
 
 UROCYSTOCATARRHUS, Cystirrhcea. 
 
 URODIAL'YSIS, from ov,)ov, and iiaXvan, 
 ' dissolutio-n, loss of strength.' A partial and 
 temporary suspension of the function of the kid- 
 ney, such as occurs in the course of most acute 
 diseases. A condition of the function of the 
 kidney and of the urine, similar to that observed 
 in acute diseases, but without local mischief or 
 preceding inflammatory fever, has been termed, 
 when occurring in children, Urodiol'ysis Ne- 
 onafo'rum ; in the aged, Urodialysis Senum. — 
 Schonlein. 
 
 URODOCHIUM, Urinal. 
 
 URODYN'IA, from ovpov, and oSvvrj, 'pain.* 
 Pain during the excretion of the urine. 
 
 URCEDEMA, Urapostema. 
 
 UROF.RYTHRIN, see Porphyruria. 
 
 UROGENITAL, Urogenita'lis, Gen'ito-u'ri- 
 nary, Gen'ito-urina'rius. Relating or appertain- 
 ing to the urinary and genital apparatus — as the 
 'urogenital organs' — Or'gana urogenitu'lia. 
 
 Urogenital Sinus, Sinus itro-genita'lis. A 
 cavity or canal in the embryo of the mammalia 
 opening externally, in which the excretory ducts 
 of the Wolffian bodies, the ureters and the effe- 
 rent parts of the generative apparatus, terminate 
 internally. It is prolonged into the urachus. 
 Subsequently it becomes separated by a process 
 of division into a pars urina'ria and a pars ge~ 
 nita'lis. The former, extending towards the ura- 
 chus, is converted into the urinary bladder ; 
 
UROLITHI 
 
 950 
 
 UTERINE 
 
 whilst from the latter are formed the vesicnlm 
 seminales in the male, and the middle portion of 
 the uterus in the female. — J. Mliller. 
 
 UROLITHI, Calculi, urinary. 
 
 UROLITHIASIS, Lithia. 
 
 UROLITHOLOG"IA, from ovpov, \ido<:, 'a. 
 stone,' and \oyos, ' a description.' A description 
 of urinary calculi. 
 
 UROLITHOTOMIA, Lithotomy. 
 
 UROLOGY, Uronology. 
 
 UROMANTI'A, from ovpov, and iiavreia, 'di- 
 vination.' The art of divining diseases by sim- 
 ple inspection of the urine; Urosco'pia. One 
 professing to be able to do this is called Uroman'- 
 tes. Vulgarly, a loater-doctor, water-caster. 
 
 UROM'ELES, (F.) Uromele, from ovpa, 'a 
 tail,' and niXos, 'a limb.' A genus of monsters in 
 which the two lower limbs are united, very in- 
 complete, and terminated by a single foot, which 
 is almost always imperfect, and the sole of which 
 is turned forwards. — I. G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 UROMPH'ALUS, Her'nia U'rachi. A mon- 
 strosity, which consists in the protrusion of the 
 urachus at the umbilicus. 
 
 URON, Urine. 
 
 URON'CUS, from ovpov, and oy.n , 'a. swell- 
 ing.' A urinary swelling. 
 
 URONOL'OGY, Uronolor/'ia, TJroVocjy, Uro- 
 log"ia, from ovpov, and Xoyoi, 'a description.' 
 The part of medicine which treats of the urine. 
 
 UROPHTHISIS, Diabetes mellitus. 
 
 UROPLA'NIA, from ovpov, and irXavj], 'wan- 
 dering.' The presence of urine in other parts 
 than the urinary organs. 
 
 UROPOE'SIS, Uropo'ie'sis, from ovpov, and 
 roi£(o, 'I make.' Secre'tio uri'iia seu lo'tii. The 
 secretion of urine by the kidney. 
 
 UROPOIESIS, Uropoesis. 
 
 UROPYGION, Coccyx. 
 
 UROPYGIUM, Cronpion. 
 
 URORHODINE, see Porphyruria. 
 
 URORRHAGIA, Diabetes. 
 
 URORRHCEA, Enuresis, Diabetes. 
 
 UROSCHEOCELE, Urocele. 
 
 UROSCOPIA, see Uromantia. 
 
 URO'SES, from ovpov, 'urine.' Diseases of the 
 urinary organs. — Alibert. 
 
 UROS'TEALITH, Urostedl'ithos, from ovpov, 
 cTcap, 'suet,' and Xi0o;, 'stone.' A peculiar fatty 
 ingredient of urinary calculi, discovered by 
 Heller. 
 
 UROSTENOSIS, Urethrostenosis. 
 
 UROUS ACID, Uric oxide. 
 
 UROZEMIA, Diabetes — u. Albuminosa, Kid- 
 ney, Bright's disease of the — u. Mellita, Diabetes 
 mellitus. 
 
 URRHODINB, see Porphyruria. 
 
 URROSACINE, see Porphyruria. 
 
 URTI'CA, U. Dioi'ca seu major seu Ttis'pida, 
 Pi/r'ethrum,Ad'ice, Common stinging nettle, (Prov.) 
 Ettle, (F.) Ortie. Ord. Urticacese. Sex. Sijst. 
 Monoecia Tetrandria. This plant has been long 
 used for medical and culinary purposes. The 
 young shoots, in the spring, are considered to 
 possess diuretic and antiscorbutic properties. The 
 pain produced by its sting is well known, but it 
 is not to be compared to the torture occasioned 
 by Urtica stim'ulans, and U. crennla'ta of India; 
 and, still less, to Urtica urentiss'ima of Timor, 
 which is called by the natives Daoiin Selan, 
 ' De oil's leaf,' on account of the persistence and 
 severity of the pain. 
 
 Urtica Balearica, U. pilulifera — u. Crenu- 
 ia(a, see Urtioa — u. Dioica, Urtica — u. Hispida, 
 Urtica — u. Iners magna f«tidissima, Galeopsis — 
 u. Major, U. dioica — u. Minor, U. urens — u. Mor- 
 cua, Lamiura album. 
 
 UiiTicA Pilulif'era, U. Pilulo'sa seu Roma'na 
 seu Balea'ricn, PHl-hearing Nettle, (F.) Ortie 
 
 Romaine. The seed was formerly given in dis- 
 eases of the chest. 
 
 Urtica Pilulosa, U. pilulifera — u. Romana, 
 U. pilulifera — u. Stimulans, see Urtica. 
 
 Urtica Urens, V. minor, Dwarf nettle, (F.) 
 Ortie hrulante. A lesser variety of the nettle, 
 possessing similar virtues. 
 
 Urtica Urentissima, see Urtica. 
 
 Nettles have been used as stimulants to para- 
 lytic limbs. 
 
 URTICAIRE, Urticaria. 
 
 URTICA'RIA, from urtica, 'a nettle,' (nro, 'I 
 burn ;') Enanthe'sis nrtiea'ria, Ure'do, Scarla- 
 ti'na seu Fehris seu Par'2)ura urtiea'ta, Cnido'- 
 sis, Urtica'ria porcel'lana, JExanthe'ma iirtiea'- 
 tum, Epinyc'tis prurigino'sa, Fehris rubra pruri- 
 gino'sa, Saltans rosa, (F.) Urticaire, Fievre 
 Ortie, Porcelaine, Nettle-rash, Nettle-springe ; 
 vulgarly Hives, Bold Hives; from urtica, 'a net- 
 tle,' because the eruption resembles that produced 
 by the stings of a nettle. A disease distinguished 
 by those elevations of the cuticle called tvheals. 
 They have a white top, and are often surrounded 
 by a diffuse redness. They excite intolerable 
 itchitg, especially when the person is warm in 
 bed. The eruption frequently goes and comes 
 once or more in the 24 hours, and is generally 
 dependent upon gastric derangement. In some 
 people, nettle-rash is induced by shell-flsb, eggs, 
 nuts, &c. It is not usually a disease of any con- 
 sequence, and its treatment is limited to the use 
 of absorbent laxatives, and simple general means. 
 Willan has described six varieties of the com- 
 plaint : — Urtica'ria fehri'lis, U. evan'ida, U. 
 perstans, U. confer'ta, U. suhcuta'nca, and U. 
 tubero'sa. 
 
 Urticaria Porcellana, Essera, Urticaria. 
 
 URTICA'TIO, Cnidu'sis, Urtica'tion. from ur- 
 tica, 'a nettle.' A sort of flagellation, with 
 nettles; — used with the intention of exciting the 
 skin. 
 
 URUCU, Terra Orleana. 
 
 URYLIC ACID, Uric acid. 
 
 USNEA, Lichen saxatilis — u. Florida hirta, 
 Lichen plicatus — u. Hirta, Lichen plicatus — u. 
 Plioata, Lichen plicatus. 
 
 USSACU. Hura Brasiliensis. 
 
 USTILAGO, Ergot. 
 
 USTIO, Burn, Ustion. 
 
 USTIOjST, Us'tio, Causis, from urcre, ustum, 'to 
 burn.' The act of burning or of applying the 
 actual cautery. Also, the effect of cauterization ; 
 a burn. 
 
 USTULA'TIO, Ustula'tion. Same etymon. A 
 pharmaceutical operation by which a substance 
 is dried by heat. It is often restricted to the 
 roasting of ores to drive off the volatile matters, 
 as in the case of arsenic. 
 
 USUALIA, Officinals. 
 
 USUS, Habit. 
 
 UTER. Uterus. 
 
 UTERI ADSCENSUS, Hysteria— u. Antever- 
 sio, Hysteroloxia anterior — u. Carcinoma, Metro- 
 carcinoma — -u. Convulsivus morbus, Lorind ma- 
 tricis — u. Coryza, Leucorrhoea — u. Exulceratio, 
 Hysterelcosis — u. Flexio, Hysteroloxia — u. Incli- 
 natio, Hysteroloxia — u. Obliquitas, Hysteroloxia 
 — u. Pronatio, Hysteroloxia anterior — u. Pruri- 
 tus, Nymphomania — u. Reflexio completa, Hys- 
 teroloxia posterior — u. Retroversio, Hysteroloxia 
 posterior — u. Rheuma, Leucorrhoea — u. Ulcus, 
 Hysterelcosis — u. Yersio incompleta, Hystero- 
 loxia. 
 
 U'TERINE, Uteri'nus, from nterus, 'the womb.' 
 That which belongs or relates to the womb. 
 
 Uterine Artery, Arte'ria uteri'na hypogaa'- 
 triea. Its size is always in a ratio with the 
 greater or less state of development of the uterus. 
 It arises from the hypogastric, either separately 
 
UTERINUS FRATER 
 
 951 
 
 UTRICULUS 
 
 or with the umbilical, or from the internal pudic ; 
 passes upon the lateral parts of the vagina, to 
 which it gives branches; and afterwards ascends 
 on the sides of the uterus, and divides into a con- 
 siderable number of very tortuous branches, 
 which enter the tissue of the organ. 
 
 Uterine Bougie, Sound, uterine. 
 
 Uterine Brother. One born of the same 
 mother, but of a different father. 
 
 Uterine Glands, Utricular glands. 
 
 Uterine Muscle of Ruysch consists of some 
 fleshy fibres at the fundus of the uterus, which 
 he regarded as forming a particular muscle. 
 
 Uterine Sound, Sound, uterine. 
 
 UTERI'NUS FRATER. In law, a brother 
 by the mother's side. 
 
 UTERO-ABDOMINAL SUPPORTER, see 
 Belt, Russian. 
 
 UTERO-GESTATION, Pregnancy. 
 
 UTEROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 U'TERUS, OIl^Jap, Utcr, UtHc'ulus, Vulva, Loci, 
 L. mulie'hrea, Vulva, Venter, Conceptac' ulum, 3Ia- 
 trix, Arvum seu Ager natu'rcB, Hys'tera, 3Ietra, 
 Stera, An'gus, Delphys, Alvus, Eijompha'lion, 
 Gaster, Mater, Nedys, Postrcma, the Womb, (Se.) 
 Weam, (Prov.) Wein, (F.) Matrice, Sein. The 
 uterus, destined to lodge the fcetus from the com- 
 mencement of conception till birth, is a hollow 
 symmetrical organ, having the shape of a trun- 
 cated conoid : it is situate in the pelvis, between 
 the bladder and the rectum, above the vagina, 
 and below the convolutions of the small intestine. 
 The uterus is flattened from before to behind, and 
 is nearly an inch in thickness. It is two inches 
 broad at its highest part, and becomes narrower 
 towards the vagina; terminating in a contracted 
 portion, called the cervix or neck, to distinguish 
 it from the rest of the organ, called the iody. 
 From its fundus or upper portion, the Fallopian 
 tubes pass off. The mouth is called Os U'teri, 
 Os TinccB, Os u'teri extern'um, Orijic'' ium vagi- 
 na'le. At the point where the body of the uterus 
 is continuous, below, with the neck, the cavity is 
 slightly constricted, forming what is sometimes 
 named the internal orifice, Os u'teri intern' um, Os 
 intern'um, Isthmus seu os'tium u'teri, Orific"inm 
 uteri'nttm. Between these is the Cana'lis cervi'eis. 
 
 The cavity of the uterus is very small, and its 
 parietes are thick. The portion of the cavity cor- 
 responding with the body is triangular and flat- 
 tened. Its superior angles present the extremely 
 fine orifices of the Fallopian tubes. The cavity 
 of the neck is slightly dilated before opening into 
 the vagina. The uterus is composed, 1. Of a 
 serous membrane. This is external, and furnished 
 by the peritoneum ; which is reflected upon the 
 uterus from the posterior surface of the bladder 
 and the anterior surface of the rectum. These 
 folds of the peritoneum are sometimes called, re- 
 spectively, the anterior and the ^josierior liga- 
 ments. The former are also named the vesico- 
 uterine and the latter the recto-uterine folds or 
 plica semiluna'res. It forms, also, the broad 
 ligaments of the uterus, Ligamen'ta lata, Ala ves- 
 pertilio'nis, Re'tia U'teri. These contain, above, 
 the Fallopian tube; beneath and anteriorly, the 
 round ligaments ; and, behind, the ovary. They 
 are two membranous productions or duplicatures 
 of the peritoneum, sent from the edges of the 
 uterus and posterior extremity of the vagina, in 
 a transverse direction, to be fixed to, and line, 
 the side of the pelvis. 2. Of a mucous membrane, 
 which is a prolongation of that of the vagina, and 
 extends into the tubes. .3. Of a proper tissue, 
 whose thickness is considerable. It is of a close 
 texture; is grayish and elastic; and resists the 
 instrument that divides it. Its intimate nature 
 is but little known. During gestation it is truly 
 muscular. The arteries of the uterus proceed 
 
 from the spermatic and hypogastric. Its veins 
 follow the same course, and bear the same name 
 as the arteries. They are very tortuous, and 
 form large sinuses in the parietes of the organ, 
 called U'terine Si'nuses. Its nerves proceed from 
 the sciatic and hj'pogastric plexuses. Its lym- 
 phatic vessels are very multiplied ; and during 
 pregnancy acquire enormous dimensions. The 
 changes experienced by the uterus during gesta- 
 tion, and after delivery, are very numerous and 
 important to be known. They regard its situa- 
 tion, direction, size, shape, texture, connexions, 
 vital properties, &c. 
 
 Uterus, Abdomen — u. Anteversion of the, 
 Hysteroloxia anterior. 
 
 Uterus Bif'idus. A double uterus. One se- 
 parated into two cavities. 
 
 Uterus Duplex, Dihysteria — u. Hour-glass 
 contraction of the, Chaton — u. Inclinatus, Hyster- 
 oloxia. 
 
 Uterus, Ir'ritable, Neural' gia of the Uterus, 
 A disease characterized by deep-seated pain in 
 the lower part of the abdomen, and in the back 
 and loins ; generally diminished by l3'ing down, 
 and increased by exercise, and more severe for a 
 few days preceding and during menstruation. 
 On examination pier vaginam, the uterus is found 
 to be tender on pressure, 3JetrypercBsthe'ais ; and 
 the cervix and body slightly swollen, but not 
 usually indurated. It is an obstinate affection, 
 but frequently ends of itself after years of suffer- 
 ing. The treatment must be,- — the horizontal 
 posture; local blood-letting to the uterus; emol- 
 lients; soothing injections; narcotics, warm bath, 
 &c. See Hysteralgia. 
 
 Uterus, Inversion of the, Inver'sio U'teri, 
 Metranas'trophe, JEdopto'sis Uteri inver'sa, (F.) 
 Inversion ou Henversement de la Ifatrice. The 
 uterus, displaced and turned inside out. This 
 can only happen through want of caution on the 
 part of the medical practitioner. It is a fatal 
 accident, unless speedily reduced. This must be 
 done by gradually returning the superior part, by 
 grasping it with the hand, and making the rest 
 follow. 
 
 Uterus Masculinus, see Ejaculatory ducts — 
 u. Obliquus, Hysteroloxia — u. Retroversion of 
 the, Hysteroloxia posterior. 
 
 Uterus, Rupture of the, Metrorrhex'is, Eys- 
 terorrhex' is, Riiptu'ra seu Perfora'tio Uteri, La- 
 ceration of the Womb, (F.) Rupture ou Dechirure 
 de la Jlfatrice. This dreadful accident occurs 
 during labour, and is known to have taken place, 
 when the child's head suddenly recedes during a 
 pain, with vomiting, sinking of the pulse, cold 
 sweats, &o. When it is evident that this has oc- 
 curred, the hand must be passed into the uterus, 
 and the feet of the child be brought down. 
 
 Cases are on record, in which partial lacera- 
 tions of the uterus have healed, and the patient 
 has done well. This is a rare event, and not to 
 be anticipated. 
 
 UTRICLE, see Semicircular canals. 
 U'tricle, Primor'dial, Utric'ulus primordia' - 
 lis. A delicate membrane, of protein composi- 
 tion, which lines the cell wall of vegetable struc- 
 tures, and from the exterior of which the layer 
 of cellulose is secreted. 
 
 UTRICULAR, Utricula'ris ; from utriculus, 
 (diminutive of uter, utris,) 'a small bag or bot- 
 tle.' Relating to or resembling a small bag or 
 bottle. 
 
 Utricular Glands, Glan'dula utricula'res 
 seu uteri'ncB. The glands or follicles in the inte- 
 rior of the uterus, which are concerned in the 
 formation of the decidua. 
 
 UTRICULUS, see Ejaculatory ducts. Uterus — 
 u. Communis, see Semicircular canals — u. Lac- 
 teus, Receptaculum chyli — u. Primordialis, Utri- 
 
UVA 
 
 952 
 
 VACCINA 
 
 cle, primordial — u. Prostaticus, see Ejaculatory 
 ducts. 
 
 UVA, Uvula, see Vitis vinifera — u. Inversa, 
 Paris — u. Lupina, Paris — u. Passa, see Vitis vini- 
 fera — u. Ursi, see Arbutus uva ursi — u. Vulpina, 
 Paris. 
 
 UvjE CorinthiacjE, see Vitis Corinthiaca. 
 
 VvjE Pass^, Rhages, Dried Grajjes, Raisins, 
 see Vitis vinifera. 
 
 UviE PASS.E Majores, see Vitis vinifera — u. 
 Passse minores, see Vitis Corinthiaca — u. Passse 
 sole siccatse, see Vitis vinifera. 
 
 UVARIA TRILOBA, see Carica papaya. 
 
 UVATIO, Ceratocele, Staphyloma. 
 
 U'VEA, from uva, 'an unripe grape.' Tu'nica 
 acino'sa seu acinifor'mis seu uva'lis seu acina'lis 
 seu uvi/or'mis seu rhago'ides seu uvea seu perfo- 
 ra'ta, Ilenihrana uvea, Rhago'i'des, Rhox, (F.) 
 Vvee. Some anatomists have given this name to 
 the choroid coat of the eye ; others, to the poste- 
 rior layer of the iris, on account of the black and 
 very thick varnish that covers it. See Iris. 
 
 Uvea, Commissure of the, Ciliary ligament. 
 
 UVSE, Uvea. 
 
 UVEI'TIS; a word of hybrid formation; from 
 wvea, ' the uvea,' and ids, denoting inflamma- 
 tion ; properly, RhagodeVtis. Inflammation of 
 the uvea. See Iritis. 
 
 UVIGENA, Uvula. 
 
 UVIGERA, Uvula. 
 
 U'VULA, diminutive of Mwof, 'a grape.' Pin- 
 nae' ulum for'nieis guttura'iie, Uva, Staph' yle, 
 TintinnaV ulum, Columel'la, Cion, Ci'onis, Gar- 
 ga'reon, Colum'na oris, Gurgu'lio, Intersejj'tum, 
 Processus seu Cartila'go U'vifer, Uvig"ena, Uvig"- 
 era. Pap of the Throat, Himas, Plectrum, Suh- 
 lin'gua, Suhlin'guiuni, (Sc.) Pap of the Hass, (P.) 
 
 Liiette. A fleshy appendix or prolongation, which 
 hangs from the middle or free edge of the velum 
 palati. The uvula has a conical shape, and is of 
 a greater or less size in individuals. It is formed, 
 especially, by the mucous membrane of the velum 
 palati; and contains, within it, the azygos uvulae 
 muscle. Its use is not clear. 
 
 Also, a small prominence or lobule in the por- 
 tion of the cerebellum that forms the posterior 
 boundary of the fourth ventricle, U'vula cere- 
 bell'i. It is on the median line, and behind the 
 nodulus. 
 
 Uvula, see Vermiform process inferior — u. 
 Cerebelli, see Uvula — u. Decidua, Staphyloedema 
 — u. Relaxata, Staphyloedema — u. Vesicae, see 
 Urinary bladder — u. Vesical, see Urinary blad- 
 der. 
 
 U'VULAR, Uvula' ris, from uvida. That which 
 belongs to the uvula. 
 
 Uvular Glands are small follicles, belonging 
 to the mucous membrane covering the uvula. 
 
 UVULARIA, so called from the flowers hang- 
 ing like the uvula [?], Rusous hypoglossum. 
 
 Uvula'ria Perfolia'ta, Smaller Bellwort ; 
 indigenous ; Order, Melanthacess ; flowering in 
 May and June. The root, when fresh, is subacrid 
 and mucilaginous. A decoction of the plant is 
 used in sore mouth. It is said to cure the bites 
 of rattlesnakes. 
 
 UvuLARiA Grandiflo'ra and U. Sessilifo'lia 
 have similar properties. 
 
 UVULI'TIS, a word of hybrid formation, from 
 uvida, and itis, denoting inflammation. Angi'na 
 uvula'ris, Staphyli'tis, Cioni'tis, Injlamnia'tio 
 u'vidcB, (F.) Inflammation de la Luette, Falling 
 down of the Palate. Inflammation of the uvula. 
 When to a slight degree, Hyposta'phyW tis. 
 
 Y. 
 
 VACCIN, see Vaccina. 
 
 VACCI'NA, V. primig"ena seu vaccinato'ria 
 seu antivariolo'sa, Vaccin'ia, Yari'ola vaccina, V. 
 vaccin'ica seu tuto'ria seu tutrix, Exanthe'ma 
 vaccina seu antivariolo'sum, Syn'ocha vaccina, 
 Em'phlysis vaccina inser'ta, Vacci'ola, V. sciitel- 
 la'ta, V. vera, Vari'olcB tuto'rim, Cow-pox, Kine 
 Poch, Inoc'ulated Oow-pox, from vacea, 'a cow ;' 
 (P.) Vaccine. The cow-pox is a disease of the 
 cow, arising spontaneously, which, if transmitted 
 to man by means of inoculation, may preserve 
 him from small-pox contagion. The promulga- 
 tion of this valuable property of the vaccine 
 virus is due to Dr. Jenner. When inoculating 
 for small-pox in Gloucestershire, in 1775, he was 
 surprised to meet with a number of persons in 
 the same district, on whom the insertion of the 
 virus produced no effect, although they had never 
 passed through small-pox. On investigation, 
 he found that all these persons had previously 
 been affected by a pustular eruption of the cow, 
 which they had taken by milking the animal ; 
 and which eruption they called Cow-pox. This 
 discovery induced him to institute experiments, 
 and he found that such preservative effect actu- 
 ally existed. The Vaccine Virus, Virus Vacci'- 
 num, (F.) Vaccin or the fluid of the eruption, is 
 not now usually taken immediately from the cow ; 
 experience having demonstrated that it is nearly 
 as eflicacious when obtained from the human 
 vesicle. The characteristic of cow-pox eruption 
 Is: — a semi-transparent, pearl-coloured vesicle, 
 
 with a circular or somewhat oval base; its upper 
 surface, until the end of the 8th day, being more 
 elevated at the margin than in the centre; and 
 the margin itself being turgid, shining, and 
 rounded, so as often to extend a little over the 
 line of the base. This vesicle is filled with clear 
 lymph, contained in numerous little cells, that 
 communicate with each other. After the 8th or 
 9th day from the insertion of the virus, it is sur- 
 rounded by a bright red, circumscribed areola, 
 which varies in its diameter, in different cases, 
 from a quarter of an inch to two inches ; and is 
 usually attended with a considerable tumour, and 
 hardness of the adjoining areolar membrane. 
 This areola declines on the 11th or 12th day ; the 
 surface of the vesicle then becomes brown in the 
 centre ; and the fluid in the cells gradually con- 
 cretes into a hard, rounded scab or crust, of a 
 reddish-brown colour, which at length becomes 
 darker, contracted, and dry, hut is not detached 
 till three weeks after vaccination. It leaves a 
 permanent, circular cicatrix, about five lines in 
 diameter, and a little depressed; the surface 
 being marked with very minute pits or indenta- 
 tions, denoting the number of cells of vphich the 
 vesicle had been composed. This is the progress 
 of the genuine cow-pox. At times, fever occurs 
 about the 9th or 11th day; but, at others, not the 
 slightest indisposition is felt. Aberrations from 
 this progress occur, which must be attended to ; 
 as the same preservative influence is not exerted 
 by irregular or spurious cow-pox. If the erup- 
 
VACCINAL 
 
 953 
 
 VAGINAL 
 
 tion runs speedily to a height, has an areola too 
 early, is irregular at its edges, and contains pus 
 instead of a limpid fluid, — it cannot at all be 
 depended upon. 
 
 Small- pox occurs, occasionally, as an epidemic 
 after vaccination. For a while, the enthusiastic 
 advocates of vaccination would not admit the 
 aifeetion to be small-pox; and, accordingly, they 
 gave it the name Varioloid. It is unquestionably 
 small-pox, but modified, and greatly divested of 
 its terrors by previous vaccination ; and it is 
 said to happen less frequently after vaccination 
 than after small-pox inoculation. Vaccination is 
 now practised everywhere, except among those 
 in whom ignorance and prejudice exclude the 
 lights of reason and philanthropy. There is 
 ground, however, for the belief, that for full pro- 
 tection revaceination may be occasionally neces- 
 sary. 
 
 Vaccina Antivabiolosa, Vaccina — v. Primi- 
 gena. Vaccina — v. Tutoria, Vaccina — v. Tutrix, 
 Vaccina — v. Vaccinatoria, Vaccina. 
 
 VACCINAL, Vaccine. 
 
 VACCINA'TIOiSr, Vaccina'tio, from vacca, 'a 
 cow ;' Cow-2)ox inoculation, Jenne'rian inocula- 
 tion. An operation which consists in inserting 
 the vaccine virus under the cuiicle, so that it may 
 come in contact with the absorbents. It is ex- 
 tremely simple, and requires merely that the 
 point of the lancet should be held under the 
 cuticle for a short time. The best time for taking 
 the matter from the Cow-pox vesicle, for vacci- 
 nation, is about the 7th or 8th day, before the 
 appearance of the areola, when it ought to be 
 limpid and transparent. The most certain me- 
 thod is, to pass it from arm to arm ; but this is 
 not always convenient; and, hence it is taken 
 upon points or pieces of quill, or between glasses. 
 It must, of course, be softened for use. This is 
 done by means of a little water, which does not 
 destroy its efficiency. The scab, too, which falls 
 off about the end of three weeks — sooner or later 
 — is capable of communicating the affection, if 
 dissolved in water; and this is the most common 
 method of transmitting the vaccine virus in some 
 countries. 
 
 VAC'CIiSrATOR, Vac'cinist. One who inocu- 
 lates for the cow-pox. 
 
 VACCINE, Vaccina. 
 
 Vaccine, Vacci'nus, Vaccina' Us, (F.) Vaccinal ; 
 same etymon. Relating or appertaining to vac- 
 cination, as the 'vaccine vesicle,' 'a vaccine phy- 
 sician.' 
 
 VACCINEL'LA. A term employed by some 
 to designate spurious cow-pox. Vaccin'o'is, Vac- 
 ci'ola spu'ria seu lepro'sa, (F.) Vaccinelle, Vac- 
 cinoide. 
 
 VACCINIA, Vaccina — v. Palustris, Vaccinium 
 oxycoccos. 
 
 VACCINIST, Vaccinator. 
 
 VACCINIUM MACROCARPON, see V. oxy- 
 coccos. 
 
 Vaccin'ium Mtrttl'ltjs, either corrupted from 
 hyacinthus, or, and more probably, baccinium; 
 from haccce, 'berries,' in allusion to its fruit. 
 Vitis idce'a myrtil'lus, Vaccin'ia myrtil'lus, Vac- 
 cin'inm nigrum, Myrtle Berry, Bilberry, Blea- 
 lerry, Whortle-herry, Black Whorts, (So.) Blae- 
 berry, (Prov.) Hurtleberry, Whimberry, (F.) Ai- 
 relle Ancfuleuse, Raisin de Bois. Ord. Vaccinieje. 
 Sex. Syst. Octandria Monogynia. The berries — 
 BacccB Myrtillo'rum — are esteemed to be anti- 
 scorbutic, when prepared with vinegar. They 
 are also said to possess antiseptic and sub-astrin- 
 gent properties when dried. They are not used 
 in medicine; but are frequently eaten with milk 
 and sugar. 
 
 Vaccinium Nigrum, V. myrtillus. 
 
 Vaccinium Oxycoc'cos, Oxycoc'cos, 0. pahw'- 
 
 tris, Schollera oxycoccos. Vaccinia palus' trig, Vitis 
 IdcB'a palus'tris, Moorberry, Cranberry, Moss- 
 berry, Swamp Jiedberry, Sourberry, (F.) Canne- 
 bergc. The berries are pleasantly acid and cool- 
 ing. They make an agreeable preserve. The 
 common American Cranberry is from Vaccinium 
 macrocarpon. 
 
 Vaccinium Pennsylvan'icum, Low Blueberry. 
 The leaves and bark of the root are astringent. 
 
 Vaccinium Punctatum, V. vitis idsea — v. Re- 
 sinosum, Gaylussacia resinosa. 
 
 Vaccinium Stamin'eum, Buchberry, Sqnaio 
 Huckleberry, Beerberry. The leaves of these 
 plants are astringent. 
 
 Vaccinium Vitis Id^'a, V. puneta'tum, Vitis 
 Idm'a fjuncta' ta, Am'pelos Ida'u, Red Bilberry, 
 (Sc.) Brawlins, Alpine Cranberry, Whortleberry, 
 Cowberry, (F.) Airelle ou Canneberge pionctuee. 
 A decoction of the leaves has been used in cal- 
 culous affections. They are astringent. The 
 ripe berries are pleasantly acid, and refrigerant. 
 Whortleberries are furnished by different species 
 of Vaccinium. 
 
 VACCINOTBE, Vaccinella. 
 
 VACCINOIS, Vaccinella. 
 
 VACCINUS, Vaccine. 
 
 VACCIOLA, Vaccina — v. Leprosa, Vaccinella 
 — V. Scutellata, Vaccina — v. Spuria, Vaccinella 
 — V. Vera, Vaccina. 
 
 VACILLA'TIO, Tituba'tio, from vacillare, 'to 
 waver.' Staggering ; waddling — claudica'tio 
 anat'ica. 
 
 Vacillatio Dentium, Odontoseisis. 
 
 VAGIN, Vagina. 
 
 VAGI'NA, 'a sheath,' V. mulie'bris seu uteri' - 
 na seu U'teri seu Penis, Sinus mulie'bris seu Pu- 
 do'ris seu Puden'di, Col'eus, Peris, Perin, Colpos, 
 Vulvo-uterine canal, (F.) Vagin, Conduit de la 
 pudeur. A cylindrical canal, five or six inches 
 long; situate within the pelvis, between the 
 bladder and rectum. It communicates by one 
 extremity. Aulas, with the vulva; by the other. 
 Fornix seu Fundus, with the womb, Pars seu 
 Portio vagina'lis u'teri, the neck of which it em- 
 braces. The vagina is lined, internally, by a 
 mucous membrane ; and is partly closed, in young 
 females, by the hymen, and carunculse myrti- 
 formes. Around the mucous membrane is a layer 
 of spongy, erectile tissue ; and a cellulo-vascular 
 membrane. A constrictor muscle; numerous 
 vessels furnished by the vaginal artery, particu- 
 larly; veins and nerves, proceeding from the 
 sciatic plexus, also, enter into the composition of 
 the organ. 
 
 The term Vagina or sheath, Theca, is extended 
 to many parts, which serve as envelopes to others. 
 
 Sheath, (F.) Oaine, is sometimes applied to the 
 fascia enveloping the limbs ; to areolar mem- 
 brane, enveloping the muscles, and entering be- 
 tween their fibres; to that which surrounds the 
 blood-vessels; to the synovial membranes sur- 
 rounding tendons, and lining the gutters of 
 bones, &c. 
 
 Vagina Cordis, Pericardium — v. Femoris, 
 Fascia lata aponeurosis — v. Funiculi Umbilicalis, 
 see Funiculus umbilicalis — v. Glissonii, Capsule 
 of Glisson — V. Malleolaris externa, Retinaculum 
 tendinum perinasorum — v. Muliebris, Vagina — v. 
 Muscularis, Perimysium — v. Nervorum, Neuri- 
 lemma— v. Penis, Vagina — v. Pili, see Hair — v. 
 Portae, Capsule of Glisson — v. Uterina, Vagina. 
 
 Vagina op the Vena Porta, Sheath of the 
 Vena Porta, (F.) Game de la Veine-porle, is the 
 areolar membrane that accompanies the divisions 
 of the vena porta into the substance of the liver. 
 
 VAGINA SYNOVIALES, Bursje mucosa. 
 
 VAG"INAL, Vagina' lis,{roni vagina, 'asheath.' 
 Relating or pertaining to a sheath. 
 
 Vaginal Artery. This exists, as a matter of 
 
VAGINITIS 
 
 954 
 
 VALVULA 
 
 course, only in the female. It arises from the 
 hypogastric or from the uterine, vesical, internal 
 pudic, umbilical, &c., and sends its branches, 
 first to the lateral parts of the vagina, and after- 
 wards to the anterior and posterior surfaces. 
 
 Vaginal Bil'iary Plexus. A plexus of rami- 
 fications of the hepatic duct through the capsule 
 of Glisson. 
 
 Vaginal Branches of the Vena Porta are 
 those which have to pass through the sheath of 
 the capsule of Glisson, previous to entering the 
 interlobular spaces. In this course, they form 
 the vaginal plexus. There are, also, vaginal 
 branches, and a vaginal plexus formed by the 
 hepatic artery. 
 
 Vaginal Coat of the Eye, see Eye. 
 
 Vaginal Coat of the Testicle, Tu'nica Va- 
 gina'lis seu ElytroV des seu Elytro'des, is the se- 
 rous membrane which envelops the testicle. Be- 
 fore the descent of the testicle, the tunica vagi- 
 nalis does not exist. It is formed by a prolonga- 
 tion, furnished by the peritoneum to the testicle 
 when it issues from the abdomen. The tunica 
 vaginalis forms a close sac, investing the testicle 
 and epididymis, without cantaining them in its 
 cavity, and reflected so as to form a bag around 
 the circumference of the testis; hence it is divided 
 into Tu'nica vagina'lis pro'pria and Tu'nica va- 
 gina'lis reflex'a. Between the two layers, the 
 inner surface is smooth, and lubricated by a 
 serous fluid. 
 
 Vaginal Ganglia, see Spermatic ganglion. 
 
 Vaginal Plexus, see Vaginal branches of the 
 vena porta. 
 
 Vaginal Process of the Temporal Bone, 
 (F.) Apophyse vaginale ou engainante, Game de 
 I'apophyse stylo'ide, Ghaton, is a bony crista, which 
 embraces the base of the styloid process. 
 
 Vaginal Pulse, Pulse, vaginal. 
 
 VAGINITIS, Leucorrhoea (vaginal.) 
 
 VAGINO-VESICAL, Vesico-vaginal. 
 
 VAGISSEMENT, Cry, Vagitus. 
 
 VAGI'TUS, (F.) Vagissement. The cry of the 
 new-born child. Squalling. 
 
 Vagi'tus Uteri'nus. The cry of the child in 
 utero. 
 
 VAGUS NEKVUS, Pneumogastric. 
 
 VAIRON (F.), Bispar oc'ulus. One who has 
 eyes of different colours. It also means a wall- 
 eyed animal, or one whose iris is surrounded by a 
 whitish circle. 
 
 VAISSEAU, Vessel — f. Sanguin, Blood- 
 vessel. 
 
 VAISSEA UX OAPILL AIRES, Capillary 
 vessels — v. Chyliferes, Chyliferous vessels — v. 
 Lades, Chyliferous vessels — v. Lactiferes, Lacti- 
 ferous vessels — v. Ombilicaux, Umbilical vessels 
 — V. Tourhillonnes, Vasa vorticosa. 
 
 VALANIDA, Fagus sylvatica. 
 
 VALANTIA APARINE, Galium aparine. 
 
 VALERIAN, AMERICAN, Cypripedium lu- 
 teum, Valeriana pauciflora — v. Garden, Valeriana 
 phu — V. Greek, Polemonium reptans — v. Offici- 
 nal, Valeriana— V. Wild, Senecio aureus, Valeri- 
 ana, V. pauciflora. 
 
 VALERIA'NA, V. officina'lis seu minor, Leu- 
 colaeh'amim, Wild or 6ffic"inal Valerian. Ord. 
 Valerianaceae. Sex. Syst. Triandria Monogynia. 
 The root, Valeria'na (Ph. U". S.), has been long 
 extolled as an efficacious remedy in epilepsy, and 
 in a variety of nervous complaints. It has been 
 also advised as a tonic, antispasmodic, and em- 
 menagogue. It has a strong, fetid odour; bit- 
 terish, subacrid, and warm taste ; and its virtues 
 are extracted by water and alcohol. The dis- 
 tilled oil is officinal in the Pharmacopoeia of the 
 United States. 
 
 _ Valeriana Capen'sis, a South African spe- 
 cies, has similar virtues. 
 
 Valeriana Celt'ica, F. Saxat'ilis,Spica CeV- 
 tica seu Cel'tica Dioscor'idis seu Alpi'na, Nardus 
 Cel'tica, Saliiin'ca, Nardum Gall'icum, Celtic 
 Nard, (F.) Nard Celtique. The roots of this 
 Alpine plant have been recommended as a sto- 
 machic, carminative and diuretic. It has a mo- 
 derately strong smell, and a warm, bitterish, sub- 
 acrid taste. 
 
 Valeriana Denta'ta, V. locus'ta. Com Salad. 
 A wholesome, succulent plant, cultivated in Eu- 
 rope as a salad. It is antiscorbutic and gently 
 aperient. 
 
 Valeriana Major, V. phu — v. Locusta, V. 
 dentata — v. Minor, Valeriana — v. Officinalis, 
 Valeriana. 
 
 Valeriana Pauciflo'ra, American or Wild 
 Vale'rian, and V. sylvat'ica, have the properties 
 of the other Valerians. 
 
 Valeriana Phu, V. major, Garden Valerian, 
 (F.) Grande Valeriane. The root has been re- 
 commended in rheumatism; especially in sciatica, 
 and in epilepsy. 
 
 Valeriana Saxatilis, V. celtica — v. Spica, 
 Nardus Indica — v. Sylvatica, see V. pauciflora. 
 
 VALERIANE, GRANDE, Valeriana phu. 
 
 VALET A PATIN (F.), Volsel'la Pati'ni. 
 The common ligature forceps is a modification of 
 this instrument invented by one Patin. It con- 
 sists of two branches, united at the middle by a 
 hinge, which may be separated or approximated 
 by means of a screw or running ring. It is used 
 for seizing hold of vessels that are to be tied. 
 
 VALETUDINAIRE, Valetudinary. 
 
 VALETUDINARIUM, Hospital. 
 
 VALETUDINARIUS, Sickly, Valetudinary. 
 
 VALETU'DINARY, Valetudina'rian, Valetu- 
 dina'rius, Inval'idiis, (F.) Valetudinaire, from 
 valetudo, 'health,' valeo, 'to be well.' One of 
 delicate health. One subject to frequent diseases. 
 An Invalid. 
 
 VALETUDO, Sanitas — v. Adversa, Disease — 
 V. Bona, Sanitas — v. Commoda, Sanitas — v. Se- 
 cunda, Sanitas. 
 
 VALGUS, see Cnemoscoliosis and Kyllosis. 
 
 VALIGA, Tinctura jalapii. 
 
 VALITUDO, Sanitas. 
 
 VALLECULA, Valley— v. Unguis, see Nail. 
 
 VALLEY, Vallec'ula, V. Rcil'ii, (diminutive 
 of vallis, 'a valley.') (F.) Grand Scissure 3Ie- 
 diane du Cervelet. The deep fissure on the infe- 
 rior part of the cerebellum, which divides it into 
 two symmetrical portions. 
 
 VALLUM. The eyebrow or supercilium. Also, 
 a species of bandage. — Galen. 
 
 VALS, MINERAL WATERS OF. A French 
 acidulous chalybeate at Vals, six leagues from 
 Viviers, in the department of Ardeche. There 
 are five springs, containing carbonic acid, sul- 
 pha.te of iron, and alum. They are employed in 
 passive hemorrhages, leucorrhoea, &o. 
 
 VALVE, Val'vula, Diclis, (F.) Valvule, from 
 valvtB, 'folding-doors,' itself from voho, 'I fold 
 up.' A small door. Any membrane or duplica- 
 ture of a membrane, which prevents a reflux of 
 humours or other matters in the vessels and 
 canals of the animal body. There are some 
 valves, whose functions appear to be, — to retard 
 or to modify the course of substances along canals, 
 &o. See mitral, sigmoid, tricusjnd, ileo-ccecal 
 valve, (fcc. 
 
 Valve of Fallopius, Bauhin, valve of — v, 
 Ileo-coecal, Bauhin, valve of — v. Ileo-colic, Bau- 
 hin, valve of — V. of Tulpius, Bauhin, valve of — v. 
 of Varolius, Bauhin, valve of. 
 
 VALVES, KERKRINGIAN, Valvule conni- 
 ventes — v. Semilunar, Sigmoid valves. 
 
 VALVULA, Valve— V. Cseci, Bauhin, valve of 
 — V. Cerebelli, Valvula Vieussenii — v. Coli, Bau- 
 
VALVULiE BICUSPIDALES 955 
 
 VARICOCELE 
 
 bin, valve of — v. Foraminis ovalis, Ovalis fossa 
 
 — V. Guiffartiana, see Thebesius, veins of — v. 
 Dei, Bauhin, valve of — v. Magna Cerebri, V. 
 Vieussenii. 
 
 Valvula Semiluna'ris, Plica Semiluna'ris 
 seu luna'ta, llembran'ula semiluna'ris conjuncti'- 
 va. A small doubling of the tunica conjunctiva, 
 (vhich lies between the caruncula lacrymalis and 
 4he ball of the eye. In birds, this is large, and 
 called lleinhra'na nic'titans seu Pal'pehra ter'tia. 
 
 Valvula Tarini, Velum medullare posterius 
 
 — V. Thebesii, see Thebesius, veins of — v. Va- 
 ginje, Hymen — v. VenaB magnae, see Thebesius, 
 ealve of. 
 
 Valvula Vieusse'nii, V. cerehel'U seu Wil- 
 lisia'na seu magna cer'ebri, Velum Vieusse'nii seu 
 interjee'tum eerebelli, V. apoph'ysi vermiformi ob- 
 tentum, V. medulla're seu medulla're anti'cum seu 
 ttnte'riiis, Lacu'nar ventric'uli quarti superior, (F.) 
 Valvule de Vieussens, Voile medullaire superieure. 
 A thin, medullary lamina, over the under end of 
 the Aquseduetus Sylvii and upper part of the 
 fourth ventricle. At the sides of the valves are 
 two medullary tracts, called Process'us ad Testes, 
 Colum'ncB Val'vulcB Vieussenii or Oblique inter- 
 :er'ebral Com'missure. 
 
 VAtvuLA Wjllisiana, Valvula Vieussenii. 
 
 VALVULiE BICUSPIDALES, Mitral valves. 
 
 ValvuLjE Conniten'teS, v. C. Kerkrin'gii, 
 Plica conniven'tes, Kerkrin' gian valves. Nume- 
 rous circular folds in the intestinal canal from the 
 pyloric orifice through the greater part of the 
 Bmall intestine. They are folds of the mucous 
 membrane; and their chief use appears to be, to 
 retard the course of the alimentary mass, and to 
 aiTord a larger surface for the origin of chyliferous 
 vessels. 
 
 Valvul^e Cordis, Ostiola cordis — v. Cordis 
 mitrales, Mitral valves — v. Triglochines, Tricus- 
 pid valves — V. Trisulcse, Tricuspid valves. 
 
 VALVULE, YaXwt — v. d'Eustache, Eustachian 
 valve — v. de Pylore, see Pylorus — v. de Vieussens, 
 Valvula Vieussenii. 
 
 VALVULES EPISCOPALES, Mitral valves 
 — V. Sigmoides ou Semilunaires, Sigmoid valves. 
 
 VANDEL'LIA DIFFU'SA. A native of Bra- 
 ill, Guiana and Isle of France; Order, Scrophu- 
 lariacea;; is used there as an antibilious emetic 
 and antiperiodic; and is regarded as an effica- 
 cious remedy in malignant fever and dysentery, 
 especially in cases connected with a disordered 
 state of the liver. 
 
 VANELLOE, Vanilla. 
 
 VANIL'LA, Banil'ia, Banilas, Banilloes, Ba- 
 nilla, Benzo'enil, Ar'acus aromat'icus, (F.) Va- 
 nille, Baiime de Vanille. The Vanelloe — Sil'iqua 
 vanill'cB seu BaniU'cB seu Vaniglice seu vanillice 
 seu Ar'aci aromat'iei — is a long, flattish pod; 
 containing, under a wrinkled, brittle shell, a red- 
 dish-brown pulp, with small, shining, black seeds. 
 The parasitic plant which affords this pod is the 
 Epiden'drum Vanilla, Vanilla aromat'ica seu 
 Mexica'na, and other species. Family, Orchida- 
 ceae. Sex. Syst. Gynandria Monandria. Vanel- 
 loes have an unctuous, aromatic taste, and a fra- 
 grant smell, like that of some of the finer bal- 
 sams, heightened with musk. Although chiefly 
 used as perfumes, they are reputed to possess 
 aphrodisiac virtues. 
 
 Vanilla Aromatica, see Vanilla. 
 
 VAPEURS, Hypochondriasis, Hysteria. 
 
 VAPOR SANGUINIS, Gaz sanguinis. 
 
 VAPORA'RIUM, Atmiste'rion, Lacon'icum, 
 Py'ria, Pyriate'rium, Vapour bath, from vapor, 
 'steam.' A useful remedy in rheumatic and cu- 
 taneous aifections; and wherever it is important 
 to relax the cutaneous capillaries. In the Rua- 
 sian Vapour Bath, the vapour is produced by 
 
 throwing water over hot stones. Its temperature 
 is from 122° to 146°. 
 
 Vaporarium, Ilypocaustum, see Stove. 
 
 VAPORATIO. Evaporation. 
 
 VAPORES UTERINI, Hysteria. 
 
 VAPOUR, Flatulence — v. Bath, Vaporarium. 
 
 VAPOURISH, Hypochondriac, Hysterical. 
 
 VAPOUROUS, AVindjt. 
 
 VAPOURS, Hypochondriasis, Hysteria. 
 
 VAPOURY, Hypochondriacal, Hysterical. 
 
 VARA, Barre. 
 
 VAREC, Kelp — v. Vesiculeux, Fucus vesicu- 
 losus. 
 
 VARENI, Ambulo-flatulentus, Gout (wander- 
 ing.) 
 
 VARTCE, Varix. 
 
 VARICEL'LA, (diminutive of Variola, Small- 
 pox,) Em'p>hlysi8 seu Exanthe'ma seu Syn'ochus 
 varicella. Variola lympihat'ica seu spu'ria seu 
 sylves'tris, Vuriolm nothcz seu illegit'ima; seu vo- 
 lat'iccB seu pucellcB, Pseudo-variolce, ^ol'lion, 
 jEollium, Chicken pox, (F.) Varicelle, Petite verole 
 volante, Verolette, Fausse variole. A disease 
 characterized by vesicles scattered over the body, 
 which are glabrous, transparent, and about the 
 size of peas. They appear in successive crops, 
 are covered by a thin pellicle, and, about the 
 third, fourth, or fifth day from their appearance, 
 burst at the top, and concrete into small, puck- 
 ered scabs, which rarely leave a. pit in the skin. 
 Three varieties have, sometimes, been designated. 
 1. The V. lentiformes, or lenticular chicken p>ox, 
 which are irregularly circular, and flattened on 
 the top; the fluid being at first whitish, and af- 
 terwards straw-coloured. This is the common 
 chicken pox. 2. The Varicella eonifor'mis, Peni'- 
 jjhigus variolo'des, Vciriola lymphat'ica, Hydrach'- 
 nis, Conoid'al Chicken Pox, Swine Pox, Water 
 Pox, Water Jags, in which the vesicles are 
 generally acuminated, and the fluid pellucid 
 throughout; and, 3dly, the Varied' la globula'ris 
 or Hives, in which the vesicles are globular and 
 larger; the fluid being, at first, whey-coloured, 
 and afterwards yellowish. Tho.<e divisions are, 
 however, very arbitrary, for they are generally 
 confounded. 
 
 Hornpox is a papular variety of varicella. 
 
 Variola has been, sometimes, mistaken for this 
 disease, and conversely. A little attention to the 
 history of the eruption in the two affections will 
 prevent error. Varicella is not contagious. At 
 times, it prevails epidemically. It cannot be 
 propagated by inoculation. The treatment is 
 extremely simple ; rest, abstinence, and the an- 
 tiphlogistic regimen, being all that is generally 
 required. See Varioloid. 
 
 Varicella Varioloidea, Varioloid. 
 
 VARICELLAR fever, see Varioloid. 
 
 VARICIFOR'MES PARAS'TAT^. a name 
 given, by some authors, to the ducts of the epi- 
 didymis, because they seem knotty and varicose. 
 
 VARICOBLEPH'ARON, from varix, varicis, 
 and ^\tipapov, ' eyelid.' A varicose tumour of the 
 eyelid. 
 
 VARICOCE'LE, from varix, varicis, and xj/Xjj, 
 'a tumour;' Oscheoce'le varico'sa, Her'nia vari- 
 co'sa, Ramex varico'sus, Spermatoee'le, Cirsocele. 
 A varicose dilatation of the veins of the scrotum 
 and spermatic cord. This latter variety of the 
 disease is more common on the left side than the 
 right. It appears under the form of a soft, 
 doughy, unequal, knotty, compressible, and in- 
 dolent tumour, situate in the course of the cord, 
 and increasing from below upwards. It is less 
 when the individual is in the recumbent posture, 
 and increases when he is erect. It is, ordinarily, 
 an affection of no moment, and is very common, 
 requiring merely the use of a proper suspensory 
 bandage. It has been advised, in bad cases, to 
 
VARICOMPHALUS 
 
 956 
 
 VASA ABERRANTIA 
 
 tie the enlarged vein, but the operation is not 
 free from danger induced by phlebitis. Sir A. 
 Cooper has proposed the removal of a portion of 
 the scrotum, so as to render the remainder of the 
 scrotum a natural bandage. This plan has been 
 found effectual. 
 
 VARICOM'PHALUS, from varix, varicis, and 
 oji^oKoi, 'the umbilicus.' Varicose tumour of the 
 umbilicus; cirsomphalus. 
 
 VAR'ICOSE, Varico'sus, (F.) Variqveux. 
 From varix, varicis. Affected veith varix; or be- 
 longing to, or connected with, varix ; — as a vari- 
 cone vein, a varicose ulcer, that is, one kept up by 
 varices. 
 
 VARICOSITAS, see Varix — V. Conjunctivae, 
 Cirsophthalmia. 
 
 VARICOSITY, see Varix. 
 
 VARIC'ULA, Vo.rix parva. Diminutive of 
 varix. Also, a varicose swelling of the veins of 
 the tunica conjunctiva. — M. A. Severinus. 
 
 VARI'OLA, Variola',, V. vera, Varioli, Empy- 
 e'sis Variola, Euphlog"ia, Chaspe, Pestis seu 
 Fehris variola' sa, j-Eolec'thyma, Small-Pox, Pox 
 (N. of England); from varius, 'spotted,' or from 
 vari, 'pimples;' (F.) Variole, Petit Verole, Pi- 
 cote. A disease, now of somewhat less interest 
 than before the discovery of vaccination. It is 
 of a very contagious nature, and is supposed to 
 have been introduced into Europe from Asia, at 
 an early period of the middle ages. It is charac- 
 terized by fever, with pustules appearing from 
 the third to the fifth day, and suppurating from 
 the eighth to the tenth, and it possesses all the 
 distinctive properties of the major exanthemata. 
 It is capable of being produced by inoculation, 
 but this inoculated small-pox — Vari'ola inser'ta 
 — communicates the disease as readily through 
 the air as the natural small-pox, or that received 
 without inoculation. 
 
 Small-pox is distinguished into two classes, 
 according to the character of the eruption, the 
 discrete or distinct, and the conjluent. 1. In Va- 
 EIOLA Discre'ta, Empyesis variola discreta. Va- 
 riola discreta benig'na, Variolm regxdarea seu 
 disrretcB, Distinct Small-pox, the pustules are 
 usually of the size of peas ; distinct, distended, 
 and circular; the intervening spaces being red; 
 the fever inflammatory throughout, and ceasing 
 when the eruption is complete. 2. In Variola 
 Con'fluens, Empyesis variola confluens, Variolm 
 regula'res conjluen'tes, Vesic'idce Divm Bar'haroB, 
 Vesicules de Sainte-Barhe, Confluent Small-pox, 
 the pustules are confluent, or run together; flac- 
 cid and irregularly circumscribed; the interven- 
 ing spaces being pale, and the accompanying 
 fever typhoid. In children, diarrhcea, and, in 
 adults, ptyalism, with swelling of the hands and 
 feet, generally appear, towards the period of the 
 sec'ondary fever, which occurs from the tenth to 
 the thirteenth day. The fever that precedes and 
 accompanies the eruption is called the Eruptive 
 fever. The prognosis is favourable in the dis- 
 tinct kind, if properly managed. The confluent 
 is always dangerous, — the unfavourable symp- 
 toms being — flattening of the pustules, or subsi- 
 dence of the eruption ; the breathing becoming 
 much obstructed or oppressed ; or marks of in- 
 flammatory and congestive affections occurring in 
 the different viscera. The treatment of the dis- 
 tinct kind is very simple : the antiphlogistic re- 
 gimen being all that is necessary. The confluent 
 kind requires the same management as typhus 
 fever. 
 
 When the pimples are confluent in patches, the 
 patches, being, however, separated by intervals 
 of unaffected skin ; it constitutes the clustered, 
 coherent, or corymbose variety — Vari'ola corym- 
 ho'sa. 
 
 Variola Amboinensis, Frambcesia — v. Corym- 
 bosa, see Variola — v. Inserta, Variola (by inocu- 
 lation) — V. Lymphatica, Varicella — v. Mitigata, 
 Varioloid. 
 
 Vari'ola sine Vari'olis, Vari'olous Fever. 
 These terms are applied to cases occasionally ob- 
 served during the prevalence of variola, in which 
 the constitutional phenomena are present without 
 the cutaneous eruption. 
 
 Variola Spuria, Varicella — v. Vaccina, Vac- 
 cina- — ^ V. Vaccinatorum, Varioloid. 
 
 VARIOLA, Variola — -v. Equina, see Grease — 
 V. Illegitimae, Varicella — v. Modificatee, Vario- 
 loid — V. Nothae, Varicella — v. Pucellae, Varicella 
 
 — v. Sylvestris, Varicella — v. Tutorise, Vaccina 
 
 — V. Vera3, Variola — v. Volaticse, Varicella. 
 VARIOLATION, Inoculation (Small-pox.) 
 VARIOLE, Variola. 
 
 VARIOLI, Variola. 
 
 VARIOLIQUE, Variolous. 
 
 VAR'IOLOID, Variolo'is, Variolo'i'des, Vari'- 
 ola nwdifica'ta seu mitiga'ta seu vaccinato'ruttif 
 Varicel'la (of some), Varicel'la Variolo'idea, 
 from variola, small-pox, and eiSos, 'form,' — re- 
 sembling' small-pox. This is, really, small-pox, 
 modified by previous inoculation or vaccination; 
 and hence it has been propierly called modified 
 small-pox. That it is small-pox is proved by the 
 fact, tliat matter, taken from a varioloid pustule, 
 will communicate small-pox to one who has never 
 been vaccinated. It is, almost always, a milder 
 disease than small-pox ; and this circumstance, 
 with its shorter duration, exhibits the salutary 
 effects of previous vaccination or inoculation. It 
 has appeared epidemically. 
 
 Occasionally, when varioloid is epidemic,t'ano- 
 loid or varicellar fever occurs without the erup- 
 tion. This is the varieel'lm sine varicel'lis of 
 Mr. Erasmus Wilson, who calls varioloid, vari- 
 cella. 
 
 Varioloid Feyer, see Varioloid. 
 
 VARIOLOIS, Varioloid. 
 
 VARI'OLOUS, Variolo'sus, (F.) Variolique. 
 Relating or belonging to variola. 
 
 VARIQUEUX, Varicose. 
 
 VARIX, genitive varicis, Phleheurys'ma, Phle- 
 hec'tasis, Her'nia seu Ecta'sia vena'rum, Angiec- 
 ta'sia veno'sa, Ix'ia, Cirsus, Cedma, Var'icose 
 Vein, (P.) Varies, is considered, by some, to 
 come from the verb variare, 'to turn,' ' to twist,' 
 — on account of the sinuosities of varicose veins. 
 Dilatation of a vein ; Varicos'itas, Varicosity, 
 Varices are owing to local retardation of the 
 venous circulation ; and, in some cases, to relaxa- 
 tion of the parietes of the veins. They are very 
 common in the superficial veins of the lower 
 limbs, especially of pregnant females. The tu- 
 mour or tumours, formed by varices, are soft, 
 knotty, unequal, indolent, and livid; without 
 pulsation, and yielding readily to the impression 
 of the finger; but returning as soon as the com- 
 pression is discontinued. Sometimes, the vein 
 bursts and gives rise to hemorrhage. The treat- 
 ment is usually palliative, and consists in exert- 
 ing a uniform and constant pressure upon the 
 part, by means of an appropriate bandage. The 
 radical cure has, also, been obtained by extirpa- 
 tion, division of the vein, or ligature. The second 
 course is apt to be followed by phlebitis. 
 
 VAROLI, BRIDGE OF, Pons Varolii. 
 
 VARUS, Acne, lonthus, see Entogonyaneon 
 and Kyllosis — v. Mentagi-a, Sycosis. 
 
 VAS, Vessel, Penis — v. Deferens mulieris, Tuba 
 Fallopiana — v. Urinarium, Ureter. 
 
 VASA ABBRRAN'TIA. Peculiar ramifica- 
 tions of the biliary duct in the liver are so called 
 by E. H. Weber. — KoUiker. 
 
VASCOA AMPLEXICAULIS 957 
 
 VEIN 
 
 Vasa Absorbentia, Absorbent vessels — v. 
 Afferentia, see Afferent and Efferent — v. Capilla- 
 ria, Capillary vessels — v. Chylifera seu Chylofera, 
 Chyliferous vessels. 
 
 Vasa Chylopoet'ica Ueinif'era. Blood- 
 vessels, which, according to Lippi, convey drinks 
 from the chyliferous vessels to the renal veins. 
 
 Vasa Efferentia, see Efferent — V. Exhalan- 
 tia, Exhalant vessels — v. Hydragoga, Lymphatic 
 vessels — v. Inferentia, see Afferent and Efferent 
 — V. Laotea, Chyliferous vessels. Lactiferous ves- 
 sels — V. Meningea, Meningeal vessels — v. Sedalia, 
 Heemorrhoidal vessels — v. Lymphatica, Lympha- 
 tic vessels — v. Nutrientia, Vasa vasorum — v. Nu- 
 tritia, Vasa vasorum — v. Recta, see Rete testis 
 — V. Resorbentia, Absorbent vessels. Lymphatic 
 vessels — v. Serosa, see Capillary vessels. 
 
 Vasa Vasc'rum, V nutrW'ia seu nutrien'tia. 
 Small vessels that supply larger. However 
 minutely a vessel is traced, its parietes will be 
 found supplied with blood for its nutrition by a 
 smaller vessel. 
 
 Vasa Vortico'sa, (F.) Vm'sseavx tourhiUon- 
 vSn, TonrbiUon vascv.laire. The contorted ves- 
 sels which creep on the choroid coat of the eye; 
 ciliary veins. 
 
 VASCO'A AMPLEXICAU'LIS. A South Af- 
 rican shrub, Nat. Orel. Leguminosae, the roots of 
 which taste like liquorice. They are used, in 
 decoction, in catarrh and phthisis, and are a good 
 substitute for liquorice. 
 
 VASCULA SERPENTINA, see Testicle. 
 
 VAS'CULAR, Vascula'ris, Vaseulo'auK, Anc/ei'- 
 al, (F.) Vascnlaire, from v'as, vasin, ' a vessel,' 
 vasculum, 'a little vessel.' That which belongs 
 or relates to vessels; — arterial, venous, or lym- 
 phatic; but generally restricted to blood-vessels 
 only. Full of vessels. Bichat gave the name 
 Vascular system, Syste'ma vaso'rnm, Hmmatati'- 
 lica, to the blood-vessels, and of this he made 
 two divisions. 1. The Arterial system, or System 
 of red blond, (F.) Systeine vascnlaire ct. sang 
 rouge, which commences with the radicles of the 
 pulmonary veins ; and includes the pulmonary 
 veins, the left cavities of the heart, and the aorta 
 with all its ramifications. The blood, in this 
 system, is distributed to the general capillary 
 system, where it loses its arterial quality and be- 
 comes venous. 2. The Venous system or Vascu- 
 lar system of black blood., (F.) Systeme vaseidaire 
 d sang noir, carries the blood from every part of 
 the system to the lungs. It takes its origin in 
 the general capillary system; continues in the 
 veins, right auricle, and ventricle of the heart 
 and the pulmonary artery and its branches, and 
 is finally lost in the capillary system of the lungs. 
 See Circulation. 
 
 Vascular Layer, see Tache embryonnaire — 
 V. Radicals, Radical vessels — v. Substance of the 
 Kidney, see Kidney — v. System, see Vascular — 
 v. System, intermediate, Capillary system — v. 
 System, peripheral, Capillary system — v. Tumour, 
 see Hipmorrhois. 
 
 VASCULAR'ITY, Vascular' itas, (F.) Vascu- 
 larite. The state of being vascular, or largely 
 supplied with vessels. 
 
 VASCULUM, Penis, Vessel. 
 
 Vas'culum Aber'rans, Appendix to the Ejn- 
 did'ynis. A small convoluted duet, of variable 
 length, generally connected with the duct of the 
 epididymis, immediately before the commence- 
 ment of the vas deferens. 
 
 VASE 1 SAIGNER, Cup. 
 
 VASTUS, That which is uasf or has a great 
 extent. 
 
 Vastus Externus and Vastus Internus are 
 
 two considerable, fleshy masses, which form part 
 of the Triceps cruris. 
 
 VASUM, Vessel. 
 
 VATER, AMPULLA OF, (F.) Ampoxde de 
 Vater. An ampulla formed by the orifice of the 
 pancreatic duct in the duodenum. 
 
 Vater, Corpuscles of, Corpuscles, Pacinian. 
 
 VATERIA INDICA, see Copal. 
 
 VATICINIUM CHIROMANTICUM, Chiro- 
 mancy. 
 
 VAULT, (old F. Voulte,) 'a round or turn;' 
 from vnlvere, volutum, 'to turn;' Fornix, Cam' era, 
 (F.) Voute. A name given by anatomists to 
 several parts which are rounded superiorly; con- 
 cave and arched inferiorly, — as the Vault of the 
 cranium or the upper part of the skull, — the Pa- 
 latine vault or roof of the mouth, &o.., &c. 
 
 VAUQUELINE, Strychnia. 
 
 VEAL TEA. This may be made in the same 
 manner as beef tea, by using a pound of fillet of 
 veal, free from fat and sliced, and a pint and a 
 half of boiling water ; and boiling for half an 
 hour. It may also be made with the same quan- 
 tity of the fleshy part of a knuckle of veal. 
 
 VECORDIA, Idiotism. 
 
 VECTIS, Lever— V. Elevatorius, Elevator— v. 
 Triploides, Elevator, triploid. 
 
 VECTOR CANAL, Tube, Fallopian. 
 
 VEGETAL'ITY, Vcgetal'itas, (F.) Vegetalite. 
 The aggregate of physiological phenomena, which 
 exist alone in the vegetable, but are common to 
 both plants and animals. See Animality. 
 
 VEGETARIAN, see Vegetarianism. 
 
 VEGETA'RIANISM. Same etymon as Vege- 
 tation. A modern term, employed to designate 
 the view, that man, for his full mental and cor- 
 poreal development, ought to subsist on the 
 direct productions of the vegetable kingdom, and 
 totally abstain from flesh and blood. An embracer 
 and practiser of this doctrine is called a vegeta- 
 rian. ^ ^ 
 
 VEGETATIF, Vegetative. 
 
 VEGETA'TION, Vegeta'tio, ' growing like a 
 plant,' from vegeo or vigeo, ' I flourish.' A mor- 
 bid production, which rises as an excrescence on 
 the valves of the heart, in syphilis, &c. — as the 
 Cauliflower excrescence, &c. The term is also 
 applied to the fleshy granulations or Hypersar- 
 coses, which sometimes arise at the surfaces of 
 wounds or ulcers. 
 
 VEG"ETATIVE, Vegetati'vus, (F.) Vegctatif, 
 same etymon as the last. Having relation to 
 growth or nutrition ; hence, the vegetative or nu- 
 tritive functions. 
 
 Vegetative Later, see Tache embryonnaire. 
 
 VEGETATIVUS, Vegetative. 
 
 VE'HICLE, T'eAi'c'n^KOT, Oche'ma, Constit' iiens, 
 (F.) Vehieule, from vehere, 'to carry.' Anything 
 which serves to carry; thus air is the vehicle of 
 sound; the arteries are the vehicles of the blood, 
 <fcc. In Pharmacy, the name vehicle is given to 
 any excipient ; or to substances which serve as 
 the media of administration for any medicine. 
 VEHICULE, Vehicle. 
 
 VEILED PUFF, see Cavernous respiration. 
 
 VEIN, Vena, diminutive ven^ida,Phlebs, Phleps, 
 (F.) Veiue. The veins are vessels for the convey- 
 ance of black blood from every part of the body 
 to the heart. They are found wherever there are 
 arteries, and, altogether, form the venous system, 
 which may be subdivided into two distinct se- 
 condary systems. 1. The General venous system, 
 which commences in all the organs, by very mi- 
 nute radicles; and terminates in the heart by thp 
 cava and the coronary vein. 2. The Abdominal 
 
VEINS 
 
 958 
 
 venous system, which is limited to the abdomin il 
 cavity; commences, also, by a great number of 
 branches, and terminates in the liver by a single 
 trunk, which subdivides in that organ. It is 
 called, also, the Si/stem of the Vena Porta or the 
 Portal System. See Porta. The veins form two 
 sets, one deejj-seated, Venm satel'litea, V. concom'- 
 ites, which accompany the arteries ; the other sh- 
 ferjicial or subcutaneous. Their parietes, which 
 are thinner than those of the arteries, are com- 
 posed of two coats; the one, external, loose, ex- 
 tensible, and with parallel, longitudinal fibres — 
 the 2}roper membrane ; the other, the common or 
 inner membrane, which is thin, polished, and has 
 numerous duplicatures or folds forming parabolic 
 valves. These valves are most numerous in the 
 veins of the lower extremities. The coats of the 
 veins are supplied with small arteries or vasa va- 
 sorum, veins, and lymphatics. They have not as 
 many nervous filaments as the arteries. These 
 filaments are from the great sympathetic. 
 
 TABLE OF THE VEINS. 
 
 1. VEINS WHICH FORM THE SUPERIOR VENA CAVA. 
 
 
 Receives the 
 
 1. Basilic, formed of the 
 
 2. Cephalic, forming the 
 
 3. Circumfles veins. 
 
 4. Inferior scapular. 
 6. Long thoracic. 
 
 6. Superior thoracic, 
 
 7. Acromial veins. 
 
 1. Posterior ulnar. 
 
 2. Anterior ulnar. 
 
 3. Median basilic. 
 
 f 1. Superficial radial. 
 X 2. Median cephalic. 
 
 Receives the 
 1. Internal maxilla- 
 ry, composed of the 
 
 2. Superficial Tempo- 
 ral, composed of 
 the 
 
 1. Pterygoid. 
 
 2. Spheno-palatine. 
 
 3. Alveolar. 
 
 4. Infrsirorbitar. 
 
 5. Mental. 
 
 6. Inferior dental. 
 
 7. Deep temporal. 
 
 1. Middle temporal. 
 
 2. Anterior auriculars. 
 
 3. Transverse of the 
 face. 
 
 3. Posterior Auricular. The trunk then takes 
 the name of External Jugular, and in its 
 course along the neck, receives — 
 
 4. Cervical cutaneous. 
 
 5. Trachelo-scapular, &c. 
 Receives 
 
 1. Superior Cerebral Veins. 
 
 2. Veins of the Corpus Striatum. 
 
 3. Veins of the Choroid plexus. 
 
 4. Superior Cerebellar Veins. 
 
 5. Inferior Cerebellar Veins. 
 
 6. Lateral and inferior Cerebral Veins, 
 f 1. Lachrymal. 
 
 2. Central of the retina. 
 
 7. OphthalmicVein, ] ^ I^^'^-o'-bitar. 
 composed of the *;C'>>-y-.^^,_ 
 
 I 6. Palpebral, and 
 17. Nasal Veins. 
 I 1. Palpebral, and 
 I 2. Superciliary Veins. 
 
 3. Dorsals of the nose. 
 
 8. Facial vein, call- 4. Superior Jf Coronaries 
 ed angular, near I 5. Inferior ( of the lip. 
 theeye,receiving I 6. Several Buccal and 
 the I 7. Masseteric Veins. 
 
 8. Ranine. 
 I 9. Submental, and 
 1^ 10. Inferior Palatine. 
 9. Lingual and Pharyngeal Veins. 
 
 10. Superior thyroid. 
 
 11. Occipital, and 
 1^12. Veins of the Diploe. 
 
 2. Right Internal Mammary Vein. 
 
 3. Inferior Thyroid Vein, opening into the Vena Cava, 
 between the two Subclavians. 
 
 * Vena Azygos, which receives S ^- ^'^^^ Bronchial. 
 
 VELAMENTUM ABDOMINALE 
 
 2. VEINS WmCH FORM THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA. 
 
 ^ f 1. Femoral 
 
 or Crural, 
 which is a 
 continua- 
 tion of the 
 
 2. Popliteal, ") (1. Several 
 
 l.External abdominal 
 Saphena veins, 
 and I 2. Circura- 
 
 2. Internal ^ flex Iliac, 
 Saphena, I and 
 which re- 3. Exter- 
 ceive — I nalpudic 
 [ veins. 
 f 1. Dorsal veins 
 
 the 
 
 < 2. Intercostal Veins. 
 I 3. Semi-azygos. 
 
 Receive the 
 1. External 
 Iliacs.form- ' 
 ed by the 
 
 commenc- 
 ing by 3. 
 veins which 
 accompany 
 the fibular 
 arteries,and 
 receiving 
 Lthe— 
 
 !. Internal f^- Vesical Vein., j ^f the penis 
 Iliacs which j commencing with^! ^f the male. 
 
 I 2. Sacro-lateral 
 
 Veins. 
 
 3. Middle Sacral Vein. 
 
 4. Lumbar Veins — four in 
 number on each side, 
 commencing by an — 
 
 r 1 
 
 receive 
 the — 
 
 2. Veins of the 
 clitoris, in 
 the female. 
 
 1. Abdominal branch. 
 
 2. Dorsal branch. 
 
 5. Spermatic Veins, 
 commencing with the 
 
 Spermatic plexus in 
 the male. 
 2. Those of the Ovarium, 
 Fallopian tube, &c. in 
 the female. 
 
 6. Renal Veins. 
 
 7. Capsular and Adipose Veins. 
 
 8. Hepatic Veins. 
 
 9. Middle, ] 
 
 10. Left, and > Hepatic Veins. 
 
 11. Right j 
 
 ^ 12. Inferior Diaphragmatic Veins, two in number. 
 
 3. VEINS OF THE HEART. 
 
 1. Great right Coronary. 
 
 2. Small right Coronary. 
 
 3. Left Coronary Veins. 
 
 4. VEINS WHICH FORM THE VENA PORTA. 
 
 f Receives the 
 
 1. Veins which correspond to the 
 I vasa brevia. 
 
 1. Splenic Vein. ■! 2- Right ^"jl left gastro-epiploio. 
 
 '^ S. Duodenal, and 
 
 4. Pancreatic veins. 
 
 5. Coronary Vein of the Stomach, anci 
 [ 6. Small mesenteric vein. 
 
 2. Superior Mesenteric Vein. 
 
 Vein, Bronchial, Left, see Azygos — v. Demi- 
 azygous, see Azj'gos — v. Frontal, see Facial vein 
 — V. Semi-azygous, see Azygos (vena) — v. Supe- 
 rior intercostal, left, see Azj'gos — v. Tibio-mal- 
 leolar, Saphena, great — v. Palato-labial, Facial 
 vein — v. Peroneo-malleolar, Saphena minor — v. 
 Varicose, Varix. 
 
 VEINE, Vein — v. Cave, Cava vena — v. GepTta- 
 Uque, Jugular vein, internal — v. Ce2}hah'que du 
 pouce, Cephalic vein of the thumb — v. Cubitale 
 cutanee, Basilic vein — v. Fessiere, Gluteal vein — 
 t!. de iledine, Dracunculus — v. Porte, Porta vena 
 — V. Prelombo-thoracique, Azygos, (vena) — v. 
 Preparate, Facial vein — v. Radiate cutanee, Ce- 
 phalic vein — V. Sans paire, Azygos, vein — v. Tra- 
 chelo-sous-cutanee, Jugular vein, external. 
 
 VEINE S ARTERIELLES, Arterial veins — 
 V. Ciliaires, Ciliary veins — v. Sous-elavieres, Sub- 
 clavian veins — %i. Sus-hepatiqnes, Hepatic veins. 
 
 VEINEUX, Venous. 
 
 VEINS, CORONAEY, Cardiac veins— v. Intra- 
 lobular, Hepatic veins — v. Supra-hepatic, Hepatic 
 veins. 
 
 VEINSTONE, Phlebolite. 
 
 VEINULE, Venula. 
 
 VEJUCO DE MAVACURE, see Curare. 
 
 VELAMEN NATIVUM, Integument. 
 
 VELAMENTA BOMBYCINA, Villous mem- 
 branes — V. Cerebralia, Meninges — v. Infantis, 
 Membranes of the foetus. 
 
 VELAMENTUM ABDOMINALE, Perito- 
 naeum — v. Corporis commune, Integument — v. 
 LinguaB, Glosso-epiglottic ligament — v. Nativum, 
 Integument. 
 
V^LAR 
 
 959 
 
 VENOUS 
 
 VELAR, Erysimum. 
 VELLICATION, Tic. 
 VELOSYNTHESIS, Staphylorraphy. 
 VELUM, 'a veil, a cover,' Velum pendulum 
 palati — V. Apophysi vermiformi obtentum, Val- 
 vula Vieussenii — v. Interjectum cerebelli, Val- 
 vula Vieussenii — v. Medullare anticum, Valvula 
 Vieussenii. 
 
 Vklum Medulla're Infebius, (F.) Voile mi- 
 duUaire inferieur. A name given, by Reil, to 
 the medullary band or strip, by which the cere- 
 bellum communicates with the medulla. 
 
 Velum Medulla'be Poste'rids seu Posti'cus 
 seu Semildna're, Valvu'la Tari'ni. The small 
 posterior valve of the cerebellum; a thin medul- 
 lary plate, situate between the medulla oblongata 
 and vermis inferior, in front of the nodulus. 
 
 Velum Palati, Velum pendulum palati — v. 
 Palatinum, Velum pendulum palati. 
 
 Velum Pen'dulum Pala'ti, 'Pendulous veil 
 of the palate.' Velum, V. Palati'num seu Palati 
 seu Pen'dalum seu Staphyli'num, Pala'tmn pen'- 
 diihini seu molle seu mob'ile, Pen'dulum seu Gkms- 
 trxim Palati, Palatum 3Iolle, Soft Palate, (F.) 
 Septum StapJii/lin (Ch.), Voile du Palais. A 
 movable, soft, and broad septum, attached to the 
 posterior extremity of the palatine arch, and se- 
 parating the mouth from the pharynx. Its form 
 is nearly quadrilateral. Its anterior surface cor- 
 responds to the mouth; the posterior to the pha- 
 rynx. Its superior edge is fixed to the palatine 
 arch ; the inferior is free, floating, and has an ap- 
 pendix at its middle — the iivida. The lateral 
 margins of the velum are held down by two folds, 
 separated from each other by a triangular space; 
 these are called the pillars ; the anterior passes 
 to the base of the tongue, the posterior to the 
 sides of the pharynx. The velum palati is formed 
 of a mucous coat, which contains numerous folli- 
 cles, and of a muscular stratum, in which are the 
 peristaphylini interni and p. extern! muscles, the 
 glosso-staphylini, the pharyngo-staphylini and 
 the palato-staphylinus. The arteries of the velum 
 palati are furnished by the internal maxillary, 
 the labial and the superior pharyngeal. Its veins 
 open into the internal jugular. Its nerves are 
 sent off from the ganglion of Meckel, and come 
 from the palatine branches. The glosso-pharyn- 
 geal nerve, likewise, sends it some filaments. 
 
 Velum Staphylinum, Velum pendulum palati 
 — V. Vieussenii, Valvula Vieussenii. 
 
 VELVET LEAF, Abutilon Avicenna;, Pareira. 
 VENA, Vein, Penis — v. Alba renum, Ureter — 
 V. Alba thoracis. Thoracic duct — v. Apoplectica, 
 Jugular vein, internal — v. Arteriosa, Porta vena, 
 Pulmonary artery — v. Capitis, Cephalic vein — v. 
 Cava, Cava vena — v. Cubiti interior. Basilic vein 
 — V. Demiazygos, see Azygos — v. Falcis cerebri, 
 Sinus longitudinalis inferior — v. Hemiazyga, see 
 Azygos — V. Lactea, Porta vena — v. Lienalis, 
 Splenic vein — v. Magna, Porta vena. — -v. Medina 
 Arabum, Dracuneulus — v. Medinensis, Dracun- 
 culus — V. Ostiaria, Porta vena — v. Pari carens, 
 Azygos, (vena) — v. Portalis, Porta vena — 
 V. Portarum, Porta vena — v. ad Portas, Porta 
 vena — v. quae ad Portas est. Porta vena — v. Ra- 
 malis, Porta vena — v. sine Pari, Azygos, (vena) 
 — V. Splenica, Splenic vein — v. Stelechieea, Porta 
 vena — v. Subalaris, Vena axillaris — v. Termina- 
 lis, Circulus venosus. 
 
 VEN^ APOPLECTICS, Jugular veins — v. 
 Cavse hepatis. Hepatic veins — v. Centrales, Intra- 
 lobular veins — v. Concomites, see Vein — v. Ga- 
 leni, Choroid, (veins) — v. Innominatas, see Inno- 
 minatum — v. Intralobulares, Intralobular veins 
 — V. Lactese, Chyliferous vessels — v. Lymphati- 
 cae, Lymphatic vessels — v. Micantes, (arteries,) 
 see Artery — y. Pulsatiles, (arteries,) see Artery — 
 
 v. Satellites, see Vein — v. Soporales, Jugular 
 veins— V. Snhagitides, Jugular veins. 
 
 VENSSECTIO, see Blood-letting- -v. Revul- 
 soria, see Blood-letting. 
 
 VENS VORTICO'SS. The veius which prin- 
 cipally form the external or venous layer of the 
 choroid coat of the eye; so called from their pe- 
 culiar arrangement ; from vertex seu vortex, ' a 
 whirlpool.' 
 
 VENAL, Venous. 
 VENEFICIUM, Poisoning. 
 VENENATION, Poison, Poisoning, Venom. 
 VENENATUS, Venomous. 
 VENENEUX, Poisonous. 
 VENENOSE, Venomous. 
 VENENUM, Poison, Venom. 
 VENE'REAL, Veve'reus, Ai^hrodisiacns, Ve- 
 ne'rean, (F.) Venerien, from Ve7tus, veneris, 'the 
 goddess of pleasure.' That which relates to the 
 pleasures of love. In a more restricted sense, the 
 word venereal — as well as aphroditic— is synony- 
 mous with syphilitic, and also with syphilis. 
 Some authors have proposed that those diseases 
 should be called venereal which are produced by 
 excess in venery; and that syphilitic should be 
 limited to those which are the result of impure 
 connexion. It is, also, used in the same sense as 
 aphrodisiac, — adapted to excite venereal desire. 
 
 Venereal Desire, Libido — v. Disease, Sy- 
 philis. 
 
 VENERIEN, Venereal. This term, also, 
 means one labouring under syphilis ; as Hopital 
 des veneriens. 
 
 VENERIVAGUS, Libidinous. 
 VEN'ERY. Same etymon. The pleasures of 
 love. Sexual communication. Coition. 
 VENESECTION, see Blood-letting. 
 VENUIEUX, Venomous. 
 VENIN, Venom. 
 
 VENOM, Vene'ntim, Tox'icum, Venena'tion, 
 (F.) Venin. A poisonous fluid secreted by certain 
 animals, as the viper, in a state of health, and 
 which they preserve in a particular reservoir, to 
 use as a means of attack or defence. It differs, 
 according to some, from virus, as the latter is 
 always the result of a morbid process, which may 
 be produced by the individuals who receive it, in 
 their turn, and be transmitted to others. 
 
 Venom, Quickening, Sperm — v. Vital, Sperm. 
 VEN'OMOUS, Venena'tus, Ven'enose, (F.) Ve- 
 nimeux. An epithet applied to animals which 
 have a secretion of venom, as the viper, rattle- 
 snake, &c., as well as to the venom itself; and, 
 by some, to liquids in the animal body, which 
 have been so perverted by previous disease, that 
 their contact occasions serious mischief in sound 
 individuals ; as happens in hydrophobia. Virus 
 is more commonly used in this case. 
 
 VENOSITAS, Venosity— v. Sanguinis, Prae- 
 dominium sanguinis venosi. 
 
 VENOS'ITY, Venos'itas, Ve'nousness, Venous 
 state or cachex'ia, ilelana'mia, 3lelano'sis xmi- 
 versa'lis, from vena, 'a vein.' A condition in 
 which, it has been supposed, the blood is moved 
 slowly; is more venous; and the venous blood 
 itself in greater quantity. This state is said to 
 be chiefly observed in hemorrhoids, gout, hypo- 
 chondriasis, melancholia, &c. — Puchelt. 
 
 VENOUS, Venal, Veno'sus, (F.) Veineux 
 Same etymon. Appertaining to a vein, or to the 
 blood of the veins; as venous cachexia, venout, 
 pulse. 
 
 Venous Cachexia, Venosity — v. Hum, Bi-uit 
 de Diable — v. State, Venosity — v. System, sea 
 Vascular — v. System, abdominal, Porta vena. 
 
 Venous System of Jacobson. A system of 
 vessels in the three classes of vertebrated ani- 
 mals other than the mammalia, which forms a 
 
VENOUSNESS 
 
 9 6 YENTRIC ULES D U CER VEA U 
 
 communication between the vena porta and the 
 
 VENOUSNESS, Venosity. 
 
 VENT, Wind. 
 
 VENTER, Abdomen, Belly, Uterus. In law, 
 venter designates the maternal parentage of chil- 
 dren. Thus, if A were B's child by »is first wife, 
 he would be described in law as " by the first 
 venter." "A died seised, leaving two infant 
 daughters by different venters." 
 
 Venter Imus, Abdomen, Hypogastrium, Nei- 
 jera — v. Inferius, Abdomen — v. Infimus, Abdo- 
 men — V. Magnus, Ingluvies — v. Medius, Thorax 
 — V. Parvus, Hypogastrium — v. Propendens, Hys- 
 teroloxia anterior — v. Renum, Pelvis of the kid- 
 ney — V. Supremus, Cavum cranii. 
 
 VENTEUX, Windy. 
 
 VENTILA'TION, Ventila'tio, from veittus, 
 'wind,' ventulus, 'a little wind.' The act of re- 
 newing the air of vessels, hospitals, and apart- 
 ments, or of situations where many people are 
 collected together. The utility of such renewal 
 must be evident, when it is considered that atmo- 
 spheric air loses its oxygen during respiration, 
 and that carbonic acid supplies its place. Stag- 
 nant air, also, becomes loaded with numerous 
 impurities; and hence one of the greatest hyg- 
 ienic improvements, of modern times, has been a 
 proper attention to circulation of air. It is, 
 moreover, one of the most valuable additions 
 to our stock of therapeutical agencies in many 
 diseases. 
 
 Instruments used for the purpose of renewing 
 the air, in ships, apartments, &c., have been 
 called ventilators. 
 
 VENTOSITE, Flatulence. 
 
 VENTOSITY, Flatulence. 
 
 VEXTO USES SCARIFIEES, Cupping with 
 the scarificator. 
 
 VEXTO USES SECHES, Cupping, dry. 
 
 VENTRAL, from venter, 'the belly.' Abdo- 
 minal. 
 
 Ventral Her'nia, Her'nia ventra'h's. Direct 
 hernia occurring in any part of the abdomen. It 
 is most frequently found between the recti mus- 
 cles. 
 
 VENTRALE, 'an apron,' Belt (Russian.) 
 
 Ventrale Cuta'neum, 'Cutaneous apron.' (F.) 
 Tablier. An elongation of the nymphse in the 
 Bosjesman female, which hangs down before the 
 vulva like an apron. 
 
 VEXTRE, Abdomen — v. luferiexir, Abdomen 
 — V. Resserre, Constipation. 
 
 VENTRE INSPICIENDO DE, see De ventre 
 inspiciendo. 
 
 VEN'TRICLE, Ventric'ulus, diminutive of 
 venter, ' belly.' (F.) Ventricale. Literally, a 
 little belly. A name given, in anatomy, to vari- 
 ous parts. 
 
 Ventricle of Aran'tics. A small cavity, 
 lined with gray substance, at the point of the 
 calamus scriptorius. 
 
 Ventricles of the Brain, Ventric'uli seu Cn- 
 vita'tes seu Sinus Cer'ebri, (F.) Ventrieules du 
 cerveau, are five cavities in the interior of that 
 organ, which are distinguished into the lateral 
 ventricles, middle ventricle, fourth ventricle or 
 ventricle of the cerebellum, and fifth ventricle. 
 The middle ventricle or tJiiy-d ventricle, (F.) Ven- 
 tricule moyen du cerveau, is situate in front of the 
 pineal gland. It is bounded, above, by the tela 
 choroidea and the fornix ; below, by a portion of 
 cerebral substance, which separates it from the 
 base of the cranium; laterally, by the thalami 
 nervorum opticorum ; anteriorly, by a medullary 
 cord, called the anterior commissure ; and, poste- 
 riorly, by another medullary cord, called the pos- 
 terior commissure. It communicates with the 
 
 lateral ventricles by two openings, situate behind 
 the anterior pillar or crus of the fornix. The 
 Lateral ventricl'es, Ventric'uli latera'les seu magni 
 seu majo'res seu prio'res seu superio'res seu tri- 
 cor'nes, (F.) Ventrieules lateraux, are two in num- 
 ber. They are large, and, owing to their consi- 
 derable curvature, occupy a great part of the 
 cerebral centre. They are bounded, above, by 
 the inferior surface of the corpus callosum; ante- 
 riorly, by the curved portion of the same body; 
 'posteriorly, by a considerable mass of cerebral 
 substance; and, internally, they are separated 
 from each other by the septum of the ventricles, 
 
 — a medullary plate, which i's given off from the 
 lower part of the corpus callosum. The lateral 
 ventricles have, in their upper and anterior por- 
 tion, the Corpora, striata, Thalami optici, and 
 TcBuia semicircidaris : — their inferior portion 
 contains the corpus fimbriatum, cornu Ammonis, 
 ka. Each of the ventricles has a body or centre 
 — cella me'dia — and horns, cornua. The Fourth 
 ventricle, Ventriculus cerebelli seu quartus seu 
 Aran'tii, Sinus rhomboVdeus, (F.) Quatrihne ven- 
 tricule, is situate beneath the aqueduct of Sylvius, 
 by which it communicates with the third ventri- 
 cle. It extends from this aqueduct to the upper 
 part of the medulla; and is seated in the sub- 
 stance of the tuber annulare. The Fifth ventri- 
 cle, Ventric'ulus septi pellu'cidi, Incisu'ra septi, 
 (F.) Cinquieme ventricule, is the small serous 
 cavity between the laminse of the septum lucidum ; 
 called, also. Sinus of the septum lu'eidum, S. of 
 the median septum (Ch.). 
 
 Ventricles of the Heart, Ventric'idi cordis, 
 Specus cordis, (F.) Ventrieules da cceur, are two 
 in number. The Riyht ventricle, Pulmonary ven- 
 tricle, Ventric'ulus anterior seu primus seu pid- 
 mona'lis, (F.) Ventricule droit ou ^^ulmonaire, is 
 situate at the fore-part of the heart, the base and 
 apex corresponding to those of the heart. In it 
 are seen the Columna carnecB and CordcB tendinece. 
 The right ventricle communicates with the right 
 auricle by the Ostium venosum, and from it the 
 Pulmonary artery arises. Around the auricular 
 orifice is a tendinous margin or ring, from which 
 the tricuspid valve is given oif. The use of the 
 ventricle is to send the blood, by its contraction, 
 along the pulmonary artery to the lungs. The 
 Left ventricle, Ventric'ulus aor'ticus seu. posterior 
 seu secundus, (F.) Ventricule gauche ou aortique, 
 is situate at the posterior and left part of the 
 heart. Its parietes are much thicker and stronger 
 than those of the right, owing to its having to 
 send the blood over the whole system. The inner 
 surface has the same general appearance as that 
 of the right. The ColumncB carnecp. and Cordm 
 tendinecB are, however, much stronger. It com- 
 municates with the left auricle by means of the 
 Mitral valve; and from it proceeds the largest 
 blood-vessel of the body — the aorta. 
 
 Ventricles of the Larynx, Ventric'uli sen 
 Sac'culi larynge'i, Ventric'uli Morgagn'ii, Sinuses 
 of the larynx, [¥.) Ventrieules ou Sinus du larynx, 
 are two depressions in the larynx, comprised be- 
 tween the superior and inferior ligaments. 
 
 Ventricle, Pulmonary, V. right. 
 
 VENTRICULAR, Ventricula'rie, (F.) Venfri- 
 culaire. Same etymon as Ventricle. Relating 
 to a ventricle. 
 
 VEXTRICULE, Ventricule. 
 
 VEXTRICULE AORTIQUE, Ventricle, left 
 
 — V. Cinquieme, Ventricle, fifth — v. Droit, Ven- 
 tricle, right — v. Gauche, Ventricle, left — v. Moyen. 
 du Cerveau, Ventricle, middle, of the brain — v. 
 Pulmonaire, Ventricle, right — v. Quatrihne, Ven- 
 tricle, fourth. 
 
 VEXTRICULES DU CERVEAU, Ventri- 
 cles of the brain — v. du Cceur, Ventricles of the 
 heart — v. Lateraux, Ventricles, lateral. 
 
VENTRICULI CORDIS 
 
 961 
 
 VERATRUM VIRIDE 
 
 VENTRICULI CORDIS, Ventricles of the 
 heart — v. Dilatatio, G-astrectasis — v. Dissolutio, 
 Gastro-malacia — v. Durae matris, Sinuses of the 
 dura mater — v. EmoUitio, Gastro-malacia — v. 
 Exulceratio, Gastrelcosis — v. Fluxus, Gastror- 
 rhoea — v. Inflammatio, Gastritis — v. Laryngei, 
 Ventricles of the larynx — v. Laterales, see Ven- 
 tricles, lateral, of the brain — v. Magni, Ventri- 
 cles, lateral, of the brain — v. Majores, Ventricles, 
 lateral — v. Metamorphosis gelatiniformis, Gastro- 
 malacia — V. Morgagnii, Ventricles of the larynx 
 — r. Perforatio, Gastro-brosis — v. Priores, Ven- 
 tricles, lateral — v. Pseudophlogosis resolutiva et 
 colliquativa, 'Gastro-malacia — v. Superiores, Ven- 
 tricles, lateral — v. Tricornes, Ventricles, lateral 
 — V. Ulceratio, Gastrelcosis. 
 
 VENTRICULUS, Stomach, Ventricle— v. An- 
 terior, Ventricle, right — v. Aorticus, Ventricle, 
 left — V. Arantii, see Ventricles of the brain. 
 
 Ventkicdlus Callo'sus, ' Callous stomach.' 
 The gizzard or third stomach of the gallinaceous 
 bird. (P.) Gesier. It consists of a double-bellied 
 or digastric muscle ; is lined by a firm cuticle, 
 and forms a kind of pouch, depending from the 
 alimentary tube, in which the second stomach 
 terminates, and from which the duodenum or 
 Ventriculus succenturia'tus issues. In the inte- 
 rior of the gizzard there are numerous pebbles, 
 which seem to be destined to aid in the tritura- 
 tion of the food. The gizzard is an organ of 
 mastication, and is possessed of great muscular 
 power. 
 
 Ventriculus Cerebelli, see Ventricles of the 
 brain — v. Intestinalis, Abomasus — v. Posterior, 
 Ventricle, left — v. Primus, Ventricle, right — v. 
 Pulmonalis, Ventricle, right — v. Quartus, see 
 Ventricles of the brain — v. Secundus, Ventricle, 
 left — V. Septi Pellucidi, see Ventricles of the 
 brain — v. Succenturiatus, Duodenum. 
 
 VENTRILOQVE, Engastrimythos. 
 
 VENTRILOQUISM, see Engastrimyth. 
 
 VENTRILOQUIST, Engastrimyth. 
 
 VENTRILOQUY, see Engastrimyth. 
 
 VENTRIOSUS, Abdominous. 
 
 VENTRIPOTENT, Abdominous. 
 
 VENTROSITAS, Physconia. 
 
 VENTROSUS, Abdominous. 
 VENTS, Flatulence. 
 
 VBNTUS, Wind. 
 
 VEN'ULA, Phlebion, diminutive of Vena. See 
 Vein. (F.) Veinule. A small vein. Hippocrates 
 seems to use it in the same sense as Arteria. 
 
 VENULE CENTRALES, Intralobular veins 
 — V. Intralobulares, Intralobular veins. 
 
 VENUS, Clitoris, Coition, Cuprum — v. Crystals 
 of, Cupri subacetas — v. Crystaux de, Cupri sub- 
 acetas. 
 
 VER CUCURBITIN, Tasnia solium — 1>. Cu- 
 fane, Draounculus — v. Filaire, Dracunculus — v. 
 de Gninee, Dracunculus — v. Luisant, Cicindcla — 
 V. de Medine, Dracunculus — v. Soliiaire, Bothrio- 
 cephalus latus. Taenia solium. 
 
 VERATRIA, Veratrina. 
 
 VERATRI'NA, Vera'tria, Ver'atrine; from 
 veratrum. A vegetable alkali, found in the seeds 
 of Vera'trum sahadil'la, V. officina'le, Helo'nias 
 ojfftcina'lis, and Asagrce'a officina'lis, which are 
 known in commerce under the names CehadiW a, 
 Gevadill'a, and Sahadill'a, and are imported 
 from Mexico. They usually occur, in commerce, 
 mixed with the fruit of the plant, are two or three 
 lines long, of a black colour, and are shining, flat, 
 shrivelled, winged, and elastic seeds. Veratrine 
 is solid, white, pulverulent, and inodorous ; of a 
 very acrid taste; decomposable by heat; very 
 soluble in water, and soluble in alcohol. When 
 prepared in the usual manner, it still contains 
 other substances, — Sahadil'lin, Ver'atrin, gum 
 resin of the sabadilla, and black greasy matter. 
 61 
 
 It is extremely poisonous, and but little used 
 internally in medicine. Magendie gave it as 
 an emetic and drastic in very small doses. It 
 has been recommended to be applied in the way 
 of friction, or endermically, (from gr. v to xx to 
 ^j of lard or cerate,) in various neuralgic affec- 
 tions. The following is the formula for its pre- 
 paration in the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
 States : — Take of ceradilla, tbij ; alcohol, 2 gal- 
 lons ; sulphuric acid, solution of ammonia, purified 
 animal charcoal, and magnesia, each a sufficient 
 quantity. Boil the eevadilla in a gallon of the 
 alcohol, in a retort with a receiver attached, for 
 an hour, and pour off the liquor. To the residue 
 add another gallon of the alcohol, together with 
 the portion recently distilled; again boil for an 
 hour, and pour off the liquor. Repeat the boiling 
 a third time with the remaining alcohol, and 
 with that distilled in the previous operation. 
 Press the eevadilla, mix and strain the liquors, 
 and, by means of a water-bath, distil off the alco- 
 hol. Boil the residue three or four times in 
 water acidulated with sulphuric acid, mix and 
 strain the liquors, and evaporate to the consist- 
 ence of syrup. Add magnesia in slight excess, 
 shake the mixture frequently, then express and 
 wash what remains. Repeat the expression and 
 washing two or three times, and having dried the 
 residue, digest it with a gentle heat several times 
 in alcohol, and strain after each digestion. Distil 
 off the alcohol from the mixed liquor, boil the 
 residue for fifteen minutes in water with a little 
 sulphuric acid and purified animal charcoal, and 
 strain. Having thoroughly washed what remains, 
 mix the washings with the strained liquor, eva- 
 porate with a moderate heat to the consistence 
 of syrup, and then drop in as much solution of 
 ammonia as may be necessary to precipitate the 
 veratria. Lastly, separate and dry the precipi- 
 tate. See Colchicum autumnale. 
 
 VERATRINE, Veratrina. 
 
 Veratrine, Sulphate of, Vera'tria sulphas, 
 (F.) Sulfate de Veratrine, possesses the same vir- 
 tues as veratrine. A solution of one grain in two 
 ounces of distilled water has been suggested as a 
 substitute for the Ean medicinale d'Uusson — a 
 celebrated gout remedy — in the dose of f^j to 
 fjij. 
 
 VERA'TRUM ALBUM, {vere atrnm, 'truly 
 black,' from the colour of the roots [?] ). Hel- 
 leb'orus albus, Elleh' orxim album, Elleborus albus, 
 Cherbachem, White hellebore, Lungwort, (F.) Hel- 
 lebore blanc. Sex. Sijst. Polygamia Monoecia. 
 Nat. Ord. Melanthaceae (Lindley). The root or 
 rhizoma of this common European plant is in- 
 debted to the veratrine for its properties. It is 
 inodorous ; has a bitterish, acrid, nauseous taste, 
 and is violently emetic and purgative, even when 
 applied to an ulcerated surface. It is, also, pos- 
 sessed of errhine properties, and acts, externally, 
 as a stimulant. It is rarely exhibited internally. 
 Sometimes it is given as a, sneezing powder ; but 
 it operates with great violence. It forms, also, 
 an itch ointment. See Ung. Veratri. 
 
 Veratrum Luteum, Chamalirium luteum. 
 
 Veratrum Sabadil'la, Sabadilla, Sabatilla, 
 Canis Interfec'tor, Gaiis'ticum America'num, Geva- 
 dil'la JJisjyano'rum, Sevadilla, Hor'deum caus'ti- 
 cnm, (P.) Cevadille. The seeds of this plant, 
 Sabadilla, Cevadilla (Ph. U. S.), have been used, 
 mostly as anthelmintics. Dose, gr. ij to a child 
 four years old. It possesses the same general 
 properties as the veratrum album. 
 
 Veratrum Yiu'inv., American Hellebore, Swamp 
 hellebore, Indian p>olce, Indian Uncas, Poke weed. 
 Bear uieed. Itch weed, Ticlde weed, Earth gall, 
 Bevilbit, Wolfbane, Puppet root, is indigenous in 
 the swampy districts of almost every part of tho 
 United States. Its properties are like those of 
 
VERBASCULUM 
 
 962 
 
 VERONICA 
 
 the genus. It has been brought forward, how- 
 ever, in recent times, in the Southern States, as 
 a powerful sedative in inflammatory diseases. 
 Dose, eight drops of a saturated tincture. 
 VEEBASCULUM, Primula veris. 
 VERBASCUM ALBUM, V. tbapsus— v. Ala- 
 tum, V. thapsus — v. CoUinum, V. thapsus — v. 
 Crassifolium, V. thapsus — v. Elongatum, V. thap- 
 sus — V. Lychnitis, V. thapsus — v. Montanum, V. 
 thapsus. 
 
 Verbas'cum NiGRUif, (supposed to be a cor- 
 ruption from Barhascum, owing to its hairy coat; 
 harha, ' a beard.') Cande'la re'gia, Thapsus bar- 
 ha'tiis, Tapsiis hurha'tus, Candela'ria, Lana'ria, 
 Black Mullein; and Verbas'cum Thapsus, V. 
 thapsoV des seu ala'tum seu colli'num seu album 
 seu crassifo'lium seu elonga'tum seu lychni'tis 
 seu monta'uum seu simplex, Phlogmus, Phlomus, 
 Phlox, great broad-leaved or yellow ilullein. High 
 Taper, Cow's Lungivort, (E.) Molene, Bouillon 
 blanc, Bonhomme, Oierge de notre dame, Herbe 
 Saint-Fiacre. Ord. Serophulariaceae, Sex. Syst. 
 Pentandria Monogynia, — especially the latter,— 
 have been used as emollients, applied externally 
 in the form of fomentation. The large leaves 
 have been chosen for this purpose. Occasionally, 
 the mucilage which they contain has been ex- 
 tracted by decoction or infusion, and administered 
 in pectoral affections. 
 
 Verbascum Simplex, V. thapsus — v. Thap- 
 soides, V. thapsus — v. Thapsus, see V. nigrum. 
 
 VERBE'NA HAS'TATA, F. panicula'ta, Blue 
 vervain, Simpler's Joy, an American species, is 
 more bitter than the European, and said to be 
 emetic. 
 
 Verbe'na Officina'lis, Verbena, Bichro'mos, 
 Verbena'ca, Periste'rium, Hierobot'ane, Herba 
 sacra. Vervain, Purvain, (Prov.) Bcrbine, Juno's 
 Tears, (F.) Verveine, Herbe d tons les maux ; 
 Ord. Verbenaceae. Sex. Syst. Diandria Monogy- 
 nia. A plant formerly held sacred ; used in sac- 
 rifices, and suspended round the neck as an amu- 
 let. In the form of cataplasm, it is said to have 
 relieved obstinate headaches, and to have been of 
 service in scrofula. It is not used. 
 Verbena Paniculata, V. hastata. 
 Verbe'na Urticifo'lia, an indigenous spe- 
 cies, has been used in poisoning from Rhus Toxi- 
 codendron. 
 
 VERBENACA, Verbena officinalis. 
 VERBESINA ACMELLA, Spilanthus Ac- 
 mella. 
 
 Verbesi'na Virgin'ica, Crown Beard. Indi- 
 genous. Order, Composite. A decoction of the 
 roots is used by the Indians as diaphoretic and 
 depurative. 
 VERBUS, Penis. 
 
 VEROOQUIN, Phreni'tisvermino'sa. A form 
 ofphrenitis, attributed to the presence of a worm 
 in the brain ! 
 
 VERDET, Cupri subacetas. 
 VERDIGRIS, Cupri subacetas. 
 VERENDA, Genital organs. 
 VERETRUM, Penis. 
 
 VERGE, Penis — v.d'Or, Solidago virgaurea. 
 VERGERETTE DE PHILADELPHIE, 
 Erigeron Philadelphicum. 
 VERGETURES, Vibices. 
 
 VER.JUICE, Ompha'cium, (F.) Verjus, Verd- 
 JHs, (verd, 'green,' amd jus, 'juice.') "The juice 
 of green fruits." A sour kind of grape. Also, an 
 acid liquor, prepared from very sour grapes or 
 crab-apples. It is principally used in culinary 
 preparations; although, occasionally, an ingre- 
 dient in medicinal compounds. See Vitis vini- 
 
 VERJUS, Verjuice. 
 
 VERMES, Worms— V. Cerebri, Choroid plexus. 
 
 VERMICELLI, see Turunda Italicse. 
 
 VERMICULAIRE BRVLANTE, Sedum. 
 VERMICULAR. Vermiform. 
 VERMICULARIS, Lumbricalis, Sedum. 
 
 VERMICULI SPERMATICI, Spermatozoa. 
 VERMIC'ULUM, Vermyc'ilum. An elixir ; a 
 tincture. — Ruland and Johnson. 
 
 VERMICULUS CAPILLARIS, Dracunculus. 
 
 VER'MIFORM, Vermic'nlar, Vermicula'ris, 
 Vermifor'mis, (F.) Vermicnlairc, Vermi/orme, 
 from vermis, 'a worm,' a.nd forma, 'form.' That 
 which resembles a worm. 
 
 Verji'iform Peoc"esses, Proces'sus seu Pro- 
 tuberan'ticB seu apjien' dices vermiformes. Vermes, 
 Montic'uli cerebel'li. Worms, (F.) Eminences ver- 
 miformes du cervelet, are two medullary projec- 
 tions, at the surface of the cerebellum. The supe- 
 rior vermiform pirocess, Vermis superior cerebelli, 
 is an elongated projection, at the anterior and 
 middle part of the superior surface of the cerebel- 
 lum ; — and the inferior vermiform process. Ver- 
 mis inferior- cerebelli, Pyr'amid of Malacarne, is 
 a somewhat larger projection, situate in the de- 
 pression at the inferior surface of the same organ. 
 The inferior vermiform process is usually de- 
 scribed as consisting of three portions — the pyra- 
 mid, the uvida, and the nodulus. The anterior 
 portion of the superior vermiform process is ele- 
 vated, and termed Montic'ulus. 
 
 VERMIFUGE, Anthelmintic. 
 
 Vermifuge, Mathieu's. This consisted of twc 
 distinct electuaries; the one for killing, the other 
 for expelling tape-worm. The former is made 
 of an ounce of tin filings, and six drachms of/er* 
 root. 
 
 VERMIFUGUS. Anthelmintic. 
 
 VERMILION, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru 
 brum. 
 
 VERMILION DE PROVENCE, Antimoni\ 
 sulphuretum rubrum. 
 
 VERMINATIO, Helminthiasis. 
 
 VERMINATION, CUTANEOUS, Malis. 
 
 VERMINEUX, Verminous. 
 
 VERM'INOUS, Vermino'sus, (F.) Vermineux. 
 From vermis, 'a worm.' That which is caused 
 by worms ; as ' a verminous affection.' 
 
 VERMIS, see Vermiform processes — v. Bomby- 
 cinus, Cornu ammonis — v. Cerebelli, Vermiform 
 process — v. Cerebri, Fever, Hungary — v. Cucur- 
 bitinus, Ta3nia solium — v. Digiti, Paronychia. 
 
 VERMITIO, Helminthiasis. 
 
 VERNIX CASEO'SA, 'cheesy varnish.' The 
 fatty varnish, or deposit, often found on the foetus, 
 which is secreted by the sebaceous follicles of the 
 skin. 
 
 Vernix Sicca, Sandarac. 
 
 VERNO'NIA ANTHELMIN'TICA, Ascari'- 
 cida anthelmin'tica, Calagirah, Calageri. A 
 plant which is indigenous in India. Ord. Compo- 
 sitse. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia super- 
 flua. It has great celebrity in the East Indies, 
 and is a bitter tonic; but the seeds are chiefly 
 used as an anthelmintic, in cases of ascarides 
 and lumbrici in children. 
 
 Verno'nia Noveboracen'sis, Iron weed, Flat 
 top; an indigenous plant ; whose purple flowers 
 appear in August and September, is reported to 
 possess cathartic properties. 
 
 VEROLE, Syphilis — «, Petite, Variola — v. 
 Petite volante, Varicella. 
 
 VEROL^, Syphilitic. 
 
 VE ROLETTE, Varicella. 
 
 VEROLIQUE, Syphilitic. 
 
 VERONI'CA, V. officina'lis seu Tournefor'tii 
 seu mas, Thea German' ica, Beton'ica Pauli, Cha- 
 mce'drys, Male Veronica, Fluellin, Officinal. 
 Speedwell, Eyebright, Paul's Betony, (F.) Vh-oni- 
 que, The d' Europe, Herbe aitx ladres. Ord. Siro- 
 
VERONIQUE 
 
 963 
 
 VERTEBRAL 
 
 phulariaceas. Sex. St/9t. Diandria Monogynia. 
 This plant was once used as a pectoral. 
 
 Veronica Aquatica, V. beccabunga. 
 
 Veronica Beccabu^^'ga, Beccobimgci, Anagal'- 
 h's seu veroni'ca aquai'ica, Laver German'icum, 
 Cepa'a, Water Phii'jiernel, BroolcUiiie, Brook- 
 lime Speedwell, Wafer Speedwell, Neclnoeed, 
 Water Purslain, (Sc.) Wafer-purpie, (F.) Veroni- 
 qite cresiuiiee. This plant was furmerl}' used in 
 a variet3' of diseases. It is, however, almost in- 
 sipid and inodorous; and has been long banished 
 from practice. 
 
 Veronica Mas, Veronica — v. Officinalis, Ve- 
 ronica. 
 
 Veronica Peregri'na, Nechweed, Purslain, 
 Speedwell; indigenous; flowering from April to 
 June, is given internally in scrofulosis, and is 
 applied as a wash to scrofulous tumours. 
 
 Veronica Purpurea, Betonica officinalis — v. 
 Tournefortii, Veronica — v. Virginica, Leptandra 
 Virginica. 
 
 VER ONIQ UE, Veronica — v. Cressonee, Vero- 
 pica beccabunga. 
 
 VERPA, Penis. 
 
 VERRE, Vitrum — v. d' Antimoine, Antimonii 
 vitrum. 
 
 VERRU'CA, diminutive Verru'cula, Ecphy'ma 
 verruca, Phymato'sis verruco'sa, a Wart, (Prov.) 
 Wret, (F.) Verrue, Poireau. A small, hard, ma- 
 millary tumour, which forms at the surface of the 
 skin, and particularly on that of the h'ands and 
 face. Warts are generally rugous at the surface, 
 and broad at the base ; their roots being implanted 
 in the derma by whitish filaments, which are 
 dense, semifibrous, and very numerous. 
 
 Warts may be destroyed by caustic, or removed 
 by e.'icision. Their vitality is, generally, not great. 
 
 Verruca Carnosa, Condyloma — v. Formica- 
 ria, Formica — v. Minor, Thymion — v. Palpebra- 
 rum, see Hydatid — v. Pensilis, Acrochordon — v. 
 Rhasroiilea, Thymion. 
 
 VERRUCARIA, Calendula officinalis, Helio- 
 tropiura Europseum. 
 
 VERRUCOSE, Warty. 
 
 VERRUCOUS, Warty. 
 
 VEKRUCULA, Verruca. 
 
 VERRUE, Verruca. 
 
 VERS, Worms. 
 
 VERSE-CHARMS, see Charm. 
 
 VERSIO, Turning — v. Foetiis, Turning — v. 
 Spontanea, Evolution, spontaneous — v. Uteri, 
 Hysteroloxia. 
 
 VERSION, Turning. 
 VERT-DE-GRIS, Cupri subacetas. 
 
 VERTEBRA DENTATA, A.xis— v. Dorsi 
 Prima, Lophia — v. Lumborum Prima, Asphal- 
 tites — v. Magna, Sacrum. 
 
 VER'TEBR^, Spon'dyli, Spondles, Whetle- 
 hones, (P.) Vertebres ; from vertere, 'to turn.' 
 This name has been given to the bones, which 
 by their union form the vertebral or spinal 
 column. The vertebrae are short, thick, very 
 angular bones ; twenty-four in number, and situ- 
 ate one above another. The body — centrum, of 
 Owen — of the vertebra is the middle and anterior 
 portion. Above and below it is articulated, by 
 means of a fibro-cartilage, with the contiguous 
 vertebrae. The Processes, (F.) Masses apophy- 
 saires, of each vertebra are : — 1. The spinous j^ro- 
 cess, situate behind, and in the median line. 
 2. The two transverse processes, standing off from 
 each side. 3. The/ottr articular, or oblique pro- 
 cesses — zygapophyses, of Owen — two superior, 
 and two inferior — which serve to unite the verte- 
 bra; with each other. These transverse and arti- 
 culating processes are made continuous with the 
 lateral and posterior parts of the body of the ver- 
 tebra by narrow bony portions or pedicles, on 
 
 each of which are notches. These, by iXJ.i 
 union with similar notches in the contiguous vcr- 
 tel)ra, form the lateral foramina, (F.) Trans da 
 conjugaison, through which the spinal nerves 
 leave the vertebral canal. The different pro- 
 cesses are united with each other, so as to form 
 a kind of ring of the lateral and posterior parts 
 of the vertebra; and the foramen, within this, — 
 that is, between the body and processes, yo;-n'/;i€Jt 
 vertebra'le, rachid'ium, — concurs in forming the 
 vertebral canal. The arch or lamina of a verte-- 
 bra, neurapoph'ysis, is the part from which the 
 several processes project. The vertebrae have 
 particular characters, according to the regions 
 they occupy. They are divided into seven cervi- 
 cal, twelve dorsal, and five lumbar. The first 
 cervical is called atlas j the second, axis or verte- 
 bra dentata ; and the seventh, vertebra proeini- 
 nens. The vertebree are articulated with each 
 other. Those of the back are joined, moreover, 
 to the ribs by their articulating surfaces — piara- 
 popihyses. The first or atlas is articulated with 
 the occipital bone; and the last lumbar vertebra 
 with the sacrum. The cervical vertebrfe are de- 
 veloped by nine points of ossification; the dorsal 
 and lumbar by eight. 
 
 VER'TEBRAL, Vertebra'Us. That which re- 
 lates or belongs to the vertebrae. 
 
 Vertebral Artery, Posterior cerebral artery, 
 (Ch.), is the largest of the branches of the sub- 
 clavian. It arises from the posterior part of that 
 vessel; is lodged in a cannl, (F.) Petit canal ver- 
 tebral, formed by the foramina in the transverse 
 processes; enters the cranium, and proceeds to 
 anastomose with its fellow of the opposite side, 
 and to form the Basilary artery. Besides the 
 branches sent to the neck, the vertebral artery 
 gives off the anterior and p>osterior spinal arteries, 
 and the inferior cerebellous, in the cavity of the 
 cranium. 
 
 Vertebral Colujin, Rachis, Rhaehis, Notos, 
 Acnes'tis, Cari'na, C. Jiom'inis, Spina, S. dorsi 
 seu vertebra'lis, Colum'na spina'lis seu verte- 
 bra'lis seu dorsi. Dorsum, Tergum, Compa'ges 
 Vertebra'rum, Acan'tha, Sacra fis'tula, Hi'era Sy- 
 rinx, Spine, Back bone, (Sc.) Backsprent, (F.) Co- 
 lonne vertebrale, Epine du dos, Echine. A kind 
 of bony column, situate at the posterior and cen- 
 tral part of the trunk ; extending from the head 
 to the sacrum; flexible in every direction, yet 
 very solid and hollowed by a canal called verte- 
 bral, which gives it lightness without diminishing 
 its strength, and runs through its whole length. 
 The vertebral column is formed by the superpo- 
 sition of the vertebras. It represents a pyramid, 
 whose base is below. Anteriorly, it is convex in 
 the neck ; concave in the back, and convex, again, 
 in the loins. Behind, the curvatures are of course 
 the reverse of these. There is also, in the dorsal 
 region, a lateral curvature, the concavity of which 
 is towards the left side. Considered as a whole, 
 the vertebral column has an anterior or prespinal 
 surface; a. posterior or spinal; two lateral; a 
 base ; and an apiex or top. In the nomenclature 
 of Chaussier, the anterior surface, in the neck, is 
 called trachelian ; in the back, prcdorsal ; and 
 in the loins, prelumbnr, The dorsal surface has, 
 at its middle, the spinous processes; and, at its 
 sides, the vertebral gutters, (F.) Gouttieres verti- 
 brales, formed by the succession of the vertebral 
 plates, (F.) Lames vertebrales, which, by their 
 junction, constitute the spinous processes. These 
 are filled by the sacro-spinalis muscle. The sides 
 or lateral surfaces present the foramina resulting 
 from the union of the vertebral notches, (F.) 
 Echancrures vertebrales. These are called verte- 
 bral foramina, (F.) Trous de conjugaison, and 
 give passage to the vertebral nerves. The base 
 
VERTEBRATED 
 
 964 
 
 VESICAL 
 
 of the vertebral column is oblique, to unite with 
 the sacrum ; and forms with it an angle, called 
 sacro-vertebral angle or jivomontory. The apex 
 or top of the vertebral column is articulated with 
 the occipital bone. Sometimes, the term verte- 
 bral column includes the whole of the column 
 from the occipital bone to the extremity of the 
 cocej-x. The Vertebral or Spinal or liachid'ian 
 Canal, Solen, Gana'lis medulla Spina'lts, Specns 
 pro medull'a Spina'li seu vertebra' lie, exists 
 through the whole of the vertebral column, whose 
 curvatures it follows. It is continuous, above, 
 with the cranium ; below, with the sacral canal, 
 if we consider the vertebrae to terminate at the 
 sacrum. It is lined by a prolongation of the me- 
 ninges, forming the Thecu vertebra'lis, and lodges 
 the spinal marrow. 
 
 The vertebral column, which unites lightness 
 with solidity, serves to support the head and 
 chest. It is the seat of all the movements of the 
 trunk, the weight of which it transmits to the 
 pelvis. It lodges and protects the spinal marrow, 
 and gives passage to the vertebral nerves, and to 
 numerous vessels. 
 
 Vertebral Disease, Rachial'gia (of some,) 
 Caries of the Ver'tebrce, Spondi/larthroc'ace, Spon- 
 dyloc'ace, Kypho'sia inflammato' ria seu para- 
 lyt'ica, Gibbos'itaa cario'sa, Ca'ries vertebra'- 
 rtim, Spondylal'gia, Spondylopyo'sis, Tnbercnlo'sis 
 Vertebra' rum. The spinal column is liable to 
 distortion, (see Hump,) at times, without the ver- 
 tebrae being much, if at all, diseased. At other 
 times, a more formidable affection is induced ; the 
 vertebrae becoming carious, and the interverte- 
 bral cartilages ulcerated; followed by a more or 
 less complete loss of power over the lower extre- 
 mities. In such case, on examining the spine, 
 one or more of the spinous processes is found to 
 project beyond the rest. The disease was first 
 well described by Mr. Percival Pott; and, hence, 
 it has been called, by the French, Jfaladie de 
 Pott, 3Ialum seu Gibbits Pot'tii, Pott's disease or 
 curvature. It usually occurs in scrofulous sub- 
 jects, and the treatment consists in establishing 
 a counter-irritation by blisters, issues, or the 
 moxa, opposite the transverse processes of the 
 diseased vertebra. The sore must be suffered to 
 remain open and the patient l^ept in the horizon- 
 tal posture until the use of the limbs is recovered ; 
 employing tonics, the free admission of fresh air, 
 &c., at the same time. 
 
 Vertebral Lig'aments, (F.) Ligaments ver- 
 tehranx, Surtouts ligamenteux de la colonne ver- 
 tebrale, are distinguished into anterior and pos- 
 terior. They consist of long, ligamentous cover- 
 ings ; the anterior occupying the anterior part 
 of the vertebral column ; and the posterior seem- 
 ing to arise from the occipito-axoid ligament, and 
 seated behind the bodies of the vertebrae, from 
 the axis to the sacrum. 
 
 Vertebral Nerve, Trisplanchnic. 
 
 Vertebral Nerves, Spinal Nerves, (F.) Nerfs 
 rachidieus, spring successively from the spinal 
 marrow ; from its origin to its termination. These 
 nerves — 30 pairs in all — arise by two roots; one 
 anterior, from the anterior or an'tero-lat'eral 
 column of the spinal marrow, and the other pos- 
 terior, from the po«i!e)'?'f>;' or pos' tero-lat' eral co- 
 lumn, and afterwards issue by the vertebral and 
 sacral foramina. Each of these roots seems to 
 have a distinct function ; the posterior being des- 
 tined to convey sensation to parts; the anterior, 
 motion. On the posterior root, before its junction 
 with the anterior, there is a ganglion. Of the 30 
 pairs, 7 are cervical nerves, 12 dorsal, 5 lumbar, 
 and 6 sacral. See Nerves. 
 
 VER'TEBRATED, Vertebra' tus, {¥.) VertebrL 
 Provided with vertebrae. 
 
 VEETEBRES, Vertebrae. 
 
 VERTEBRODYMIA, see Somatodymia. 
 
 VERTEBRO-ILIAC LIGAMENT, Ileo-lum- 
 bar ligament. 
 
 VERTEX, Cor'yphe, Acrori'a, Spon'dylus. 
 The top or highest part or crown of the head 
 (Sc.) Cantel, Now, Pallat, Palad. See Sinciput. 
 
 Vertex Cordis, Mucro Cordis — v. Cubiti, 
 Olecranon — v. Palpitans, Fontanella. 
 
 VERTIBULUM, Trepan. 
 
 VERTICULA, Articulation. 
 
 VERTICULUM, Articulation. 
 
 VERTICULUS, Articulation. 
 
 VERTIGE, Vertigo. 
 
 VERT1G"IN0US, Vertigino'sus, (Old Eng. 
 and Prov.) Totty, (F.) Vertiginevx. Relating or 
 pertaining to vertigo; Giddy, Dizzy. 
 
 VERTI'GO, from vertere, 'to turn;' Dinos, 
 Ilin'gos, jDi?ius seu Hallucina'tio seu Autal'gia 
 vertigo, Circumgyra'tio, Gid'diness, Diz'ziness, 
 Swimming of the head, (Prov.) Swee, Swinnying , 
 (F.) Vertige, Etourdissement. A state in which 
 it seems that all objects are turning round; or 
 that the individual himself is performing a move- 
 ment of gyration. Two varieties have been de- 
 signated ; — sim^yle vertigo, where the objects are 
 seen; and scotodyniu, in which the sight is ob- 
 scured, and the individual often falls. Vertigo 
 is dependent upon the condition of the brain ; 
 and often announces an attack of apoplexy or 
 epilepsy. 
 
 Vertigo Tenebricosa, Scotodynia. 
 
 VERUGAS (S.), from verruca. A peculiar 
 disease affecting certain localities of Peru, which 
 manifests itself by sore-throat, pains in the bones, 
 and other febrile symptoms. In the course of a 
 few days, an eruption of red pimples or boils ap- 
 pears. These sometimes increase in magnitude 
 till they become nearly as large as an egg, and 
 discharge blood copiously. It is ascribed to the 
 water of certain springs in the valleys, and espe- 
 cially in that of Surea : called Agua ae Vertiga. 
 — Tschudi. 
 
 VERU MONTANUM, Gallinaginis caput, 
 
 VERVAIN, Verbena officinalis— t. Blue, Ver- 
 bena hastata. 
 
 VER VEINE, Verbena officinalis. 
 
 VESA'NIA, Vesa'nieB, 'madness.' Derange- 
 ment of the intellectual and moral faculties, with- 
 out conia or fever. Many nosologists have used 
 this as a generic term; under which they have 
 included the different species of mental alienation, 
 hypochondriasis, somnambulism, and even hydro- 
 phobia. See Nosology. 
 
 Vesania Mania, Mania. 
 
 Vesani^, Insanity. 
 
 VESICA BILIARIA, Gall-bladder— v. Cordis, 
 see Pericardium — v. Fellea, Gall-bladder — v. In- 
 testinalis, Vesicula umbilicalis — v. Prostatica, see 
 Ejaculatory ducts — v. Saecata, Cystostenocho- 
 ria — V. Urinaria, Urinary bladder. 
 
 Vesica Irritaeilitas, Cysterethismus — v. 
 Unguinosae tendinum. Bursas mucosae. 
 
 VES'ICAL, Vesica'lis, from vesica, 'the blad- 
 der.' That which belongs or relates to the blad- 
 der. 
 
 Vesical Arteries vary in number and origin. 
 The umbilical artery always sends off two or 
 three: the middle hemorrhoidal, internal pudic, 
 and obturator furnish others, which ramify and 
 anastomose in the parietes of the bladder; the 
 hypogastric furnishes one which is somewhat 
 larger, the Vesico-prostatie (Ch.), and proceeds 
 to the bas-fond of the bladder, sending numerous 
 ramifications to it as well as to the surrounding 
 parts. 
 Vesical Ganglia, see Spermatic Ganglion — 
 
VESICARIUM 
 
 965 
 
 VESTIBULE 
 
 V. Ligaments, see Urinary bladder — v. Oxyd, 
 Oxyd, cystic — v. Triangle, see Urinary bladder. 
 
 Vesical Veins, much more numerous than the 
 arteries, open into the hj-pogastric plexus. 
 
 Vesicant, Blister, Epispastic. 
 
 VESICARIUM, Ovarium. 
 
 VESICA'TION, Vesica'tio; from vesica, 'a. 
 bladder.' The action of a vesicant. The forma- 
 tion of blisters. 
 
 VESICATOIRE, BWsier — v. Magistral, Ma- 
 gistral. 
 
 VESICATOmUM, Blister. 
 
 VESICLE, Vesicula— V. Allantoid, Allantois— 
 V. Blastodermic, see Molecule — v. Cowpox, see 
 Vaccination. 
 
 Vesicle ov Development, F. of Evolution. A 
 vesicle or cyst concerned in histogeny. 
 
 Vesicle of Evolution, V. of Development — 
 V. Germinal, see Molecule — v. Purkinjean, see 
 Molecule — v. Umbilical, Vesicula umbilicaiis. 
 
 VESICLES, ASCHERSO'NIAN. When fluid 
 fat and fluid albumen are shaken together, the 
 resulting fat globules become surrounded by an 
 albuminous layer. The vesicles, thus formed, are 
 called after Ascherson, their discoverer. 
 
 Vesicles of db Graaf, Folliculi Graafian! — 
 V. Seminal, Vesioulse seminales. 
 
 VESICOCE'LE. Badly compounded for Cys- 
 
 VES'ICO-U'TERINE, Vesi' co-uteri' nns, from 
 vesica, 'the bladder,' and 'uterus.' Appertaining, 
 or relating to, the bladder and uterus. 
 Vesico-ttterine Folds, see Uterus. 
 VES'ICO-VAG"INAL, Vexi' co-vagina' lis, 
 Vag"ino-ves'ieal. Relating to the bladder and 
 the vagina; as vesico-vaginal fistula. 
 
 VESICULA, Ci/stinx, Ves'icle, Blister, (F.) 
 Vesicule ; diminutive of vesica, ' a bladder.' A 
 small bladder or cyst. 
 
 Vesicula, Ves'icle, EcpJily'sis, Cystiux, in pa- 
 thology, means a small orbicular elevation of the 
 cuticle containing lymph, which is sometimes 
 clear and colourless, but often opake and whitish 
 or pearl- coloured. It is succeeded, either by a 
 scurf, or by a laminated scab. 
 
 Vesicula .3<1nigmatosa, Vesicula umbilicaiis 
 — V. Alba, Vesicula umbilicaiis — v. Bills, Gall- 
 bladder — V. Blastodermatica, see Molecule — v. 
 Blastodermica, see Molecule — v. Chyli, Recepta- 
 culum chyli — v. Erythroidea, Erythroid vesicle 
 — V. Fellis, Gall-bladder — v. Gangrtenescens, see 
 Anthrax — v. Germinativa, see Molecule — v. Om- 
 phalo-mesenterica, Vesicula umbilicaiis — v. Ova- 
 lis, Vesicula umbilicaiis — v. Prolifera, see Mole- 
 cule — V. Prostatica, see Ejaeulatory ducts. 
 
 Vesic'ula Umbilica'lis, V. alba seu om'phalo- 
 mesenter' ica seu cenigmato'sa seu ova'lis, Vesi'ca 
 intestinulis, Vitellic' ulus, Umhil'ical or Intestinal 
 Vesicle, Vit'elline Pouch, Vitell'icle. A small, 
 pyriform, round, or spheroidal sac, which, about 
 the fifteenth or twentieth day after fecundation, 
 is of the size of a common pea, and probably ac- 
 quires its greatest dimensions in the course of the 
 third or fourth week. After the seventh week, it 
 becomes shrivelled and disappears insensibly. It 
 seems to be situate between the chorion and am- 
 nion, and is commonly adherent either to the 
 outer surface of the amnion, or to the inner sur- 
 face of the chorion, but at times is loose between 
 them. The vitelline ped'-icle, which attaches the 
 vesicle to the embryo, is continuous with the intes- 
 tinal canal ; and, up to twenty or thirty days of 
 embryonic life, is hollow, — Ductus om'phalo-me- 
 senter'icus seu vitello-intestina'lis seu viteUa'rius, 
 vitelline Duct. Its arteries are the omphalo-me- 
 senteric. The vitelline fluid, contained in the 
 vesicle — in the Vitelline or Y(jlk membrane — has 
 been compared, from analogy, to the vitellua or 
 
 yolk of birds; and, like it, is an oleaginous sub- 
 stance, and presumed to be inservient to the nu- 
 trition of the embryo. 
 
 VESICUL.3E constitute the 6th order of Bate- 
 man's classification of Cutaneous Diseases. 
 
 VesicuLjE, see Villous membranes — v. Divse 
 Barbarae, Variola confluens — v. Gingivarum, 
 Aphthas — V. Pulmonales, see Cellule — v. Rotundas 
 eervieis uteri, Nabothi glandular — v. Sanguinis. 
 Globules of the blood — v. Seminales mulierum, 
 Nabothi glandulae — v. Spermaticse, Vesicula? 
 seminales. 
 
 Vesiculjb Semina'les, V. Semina'ria seu sper- 
 mat'iccB, Gap'sidcB semina'les, Conceptac'ida setni- 
 naria, G on ecys' tides, Sem'inal res'icles, (F.) VSsi- 
 eiiles seminales, Gardouches, Greniers, are two 
 small membranous sacs, which serve as reservoirs 
 for the sperm, and probably secrete a fluid to bfc 
 mixed with the sperm. They are situate beneath 
 the bladder, and above the rectum, behind the 
 prostate and to the outer side of the vasa defe- 
 rentia. They are of an irregular conoidal shape; 
 flattened from above to below ; embossed on their 
 surface, and of a grayish tint. Their piosterior 
 edctremity ox fundus terminates by a round cul-de- 
 sac. Their anterior extremity or neck is narrow 
 and elongated, and is continuous with the excre- 
 tory duct of the vesicula. This duct joins the 
 vas deferens, and forms with it the ejaeulatory 
 duct. The interior of the vesiculas exhibits seve- 
 ral cells, which communicate with each other, and 
 are lined by a very thin, mucous membrane. 
 
 VESICULAR, Vesicula'ris, (F.) Vesiculaire. 
 Of or belonging to a vesicle : — full of or contain- 
 ing small vesicles or cells. The cortical or gray 
 matter of the brain is sometimes termed vesicular. 
 See Cortex cerebri and Neurine. 
 
 Fi^^/Cf7Z£', Vesicula— -y. BiUaire, Gall-blad- 
 der — v. du Fiel, Gall-bladder — v. Germinntive, 
 see Molecule — v. OcuUfhe, see Folliculi Graa- 
 fiani. 
 
 VESICULES DE GRAAF, Folliculi Graafiani 
 — V. de Sn-inte Barbe, Variola confluens — v. Semi- 
 nales, Vesiculee seminales. 
 
 VESICULO-TYMPAA^IT'IC, Vesic'ulo-tym- 
 panit'icus. An epithet for a sound or resonance 
 heard on percussion, which consists of the vesi- 
 cular and tj'mpanitic sounds combined. It occurs 
 when the parenchyma of the lungs is incompletely 
 solidified. — Flint. 
 
 VESPA, Wasp. 
 
 VESSEL, Vas, Vusum, diminutive Vascuhim, 
 Angei'on, Angos, Conceptac' ulum, from (L.) vas, 
 vascxdum, (F.) Vaisseau. A canal, more or less 
 elastic, formed by the superposition of mem- 
 branes, and distinguished, according to its uses 
 and general arrangement, into Artery, Vein, and 
 Lymphatic. See, also. Vascular. 
 
 VESSELOUP, Lycoperdon. 
 
 VESSIE, Urinary bladder — v. a Colonnes, see 
 Urinary bladder — v. Col de la, Collum vesicae. 
 
 VESSIE NATATOIRE, Air-bladder. 
 
 VESTIBULAR NERVE, see Auditory nerve. 
 
 VES'TIBULE, Vestib'ulum, from vestio, 'to 
 cover.' The porch or entrance to a house. 
 
 Vestibule. Vestib'vlum, V. Vagi'ncB, Prona'us, 
 Atrium Vagi'ncp,, Avib'itus genita'lis mnlie'bris, 
 is a smooth cavity between the perina3um and 
 nymph* in the female, which leads to two pas- 
 sages — to the urethra above, and to the vagina 
 below. 
 
 Ves'tibule of the Ear, Vestib'ulum, V. lahy- 
 rin'thi, (F.) Vestibule. A cavity of an irregular 
 shape, which forms part of the labyrinth or in- 
 ternal ear. The vestibule is situate on the inner 
 side of the tympanum : on the outer side of the 
 meatus auditorius internus; before the semicircu- 
 lar canals, and behind the cochlea. It is lined 
 
VESTIBULUM LABYRlNini 966 
 
 VIC-LE-COMPTE 
 
 by a particular membrane, and contains the liquor 
 of Ootunnius and branches of the auditory nerve. 
 There is also another membrane, constituting the 
 mein'branous vestibule, but it is not an exact imi- 
 tiiti'in of the osseous cavity. It is composed of 
 two distinct sacs, which open into each other — 
 the sac'eulus vestib'uli, and the sacciilus. There 
 an." three contiguous cavities in the vestibule ; one 
 of which, the semi-oval, is situate above ; another, 
 the hemispherical, below ; and the third, or sulci- 
 /orm, which is the orifice of the aquseduetus ves- 
 tibuli, behind. 
 
 VESTIBULUM LABYRINTHI, Vestibule of 
 the ear — v. Vaginas, Vestibule. 
 
 VESTIGE (F.) Vesti(j"ium, 'a vestige,' 'a 
 trace.' A kind of fracture of flat bones, consist- 
 ing of a simple incision having the mark of the 
 instrument that caused it. The term is also ap- 
 plied to a part of the body, which may have no 
 fivident use in man, and yet may be greatly em- 
 ployed in animals. For example, the muscles of 
 the external ear in man are almost devoid of use, 
 or are vestiges oi what they are in certain animals. 
 
 VESTIGIUM, Sole, Vestige — v. Foraminis 
 ovalis, Ovalis fossa — v. Pedis, Metatarsus., 
 
 VESTI'TUS, Esthe'mn, Esthe'sis, Res vestia'- 
 ria. Clothing, Dress, Vesture, (F.) Vetement, from 
 vestire, vestitam, ' to clothe.' Any substance used 
 for the purpose of covering nakedness, or pre- 
 serving from atmospheric temperature by being 
 worn on the body. The best clothing in winter 
 is composed of articles that are bad conductors 
 of caloric, and do not admit of ready evaporation 
 of the matter of perspiration. In this respect, 
 woollen vestments deserve the first place, and 
 cotton the second. Colour has likewise to be re- 
 garded — the darkest hues transmitting the heat 
 most readily through them. It has been found that 
 the came rule applies to odours — the darjser co- 
 lours retaining a greater amount of odorous par- 
 ticles than the lighter. Hence the necessity of 
 white walls, white bed-clothes, Ac, in the wards 
 of hospitals; for it is probable that the like law 
 applies to contagious miasms. 
 
 VESTURE, Vestitus. 
 
 VETA, Puna. 
 
 VETEMENT, A'estitus. 
 
 VETERANA, Rubeola. 
 
 VETERINARIUS, see Hippiater and Veteri- 
 nary. 
 
 VET'ERINARY, Veterina'rins, (F.) Veteri- 
 naire, from veterinns, 'that which bears burdens ;' 
 itself, perhaps, from vehiterinus, from vehere, 'to 
 carry.' That which appertains to beasts of bur- 
 den : hence, veterinary surgeon, (see Farrier, ) 
 veterinary college, and veterinary medicine. 
 
 Veterinary Anatomy, see Anatomy. 
 
 Veterinary Art, Ars sou IJediei'na veterina'- 
 ria, Zooi'asis, Zoiatri'n, Theriat'rica, Muloniedi- 
 ci'na, Zootherajn' a, Zootherapeu' tice, Ars zoiat'- 
 rica, Far'riery. The art of treating the diseases, 
 &c., of cattle. 
 
 VETERNOSITAS, Coma vigil. 
 
 VETERNUS, Coma vigil. 
 
 VETIVERIA ODORATA. Andropogon mu- 
 ricatus. 
 
 VETTONICA, Betonica officinalis. 
 
 VETULA, Sacrum. 
 
 VEXILLA TUBARUM FALLOPII, see Tube, 
 Fallopian. 
 
 VEXILLUM, Drapean. 
 
 VIA, Way — v. Curandi, Ratio medendi — v. 
 Stomachi et ventris, CEsophagus. 
 
 VIABILITY, see Viable. 
 
 VI'ABLE, Viab'ilis, from via, ' way ;' or from 
 (F.) vie, 'life,' (Orfila.) A word, which may be 
 introduced with great advantage from the French 
 into our language. It is an epithet applied to a 
 foetus whose organs are properly formed, and so 
 
 developed as to permit its continued existence. 
 Every foetus is not viable. Anencephali have 
 lived ten or twelve days, yet they are not viable. 
 The older the foetus, the more viable is it. It is 
 an idle prejudice that a child, born at the end of 
 eight months, is less likely to live than one born 
 at the end of seven. The signs of viability are 
 drawn from the weight, length, external confor- 
 mation, &c., of the foetus. It may be laid down 
 as a general rule, that no foetus born before the 
 end of the seventh month is viable. 
 
 VI^ CHYLIFER.^, Chyliferous vessels. 
 
 Vl^ Clandes'tin^, Clandestine Passages. 
 Supposititious secret ways or passages or 'royal 
 roads,' to account for the rapid transmission of 
 substances taken into the stomach to the kidneys 
 or bladder. 
 
 VijE ExtraordinaeIjE Lactis, Galactoplania 
 — V. Lacrymales, Lachrymal passages — v. Primae, 
 Ways, digestive — v. Secundie, Ways, second. 
 
 VIAL. Phiala. 
 
 VI ANDES FAISANDEES, see Hyposaprus. 
 
 VIBI'CES, ilol'opes. Stria, (F.) Vergetures, 
 'Stripes.' Large purple spots, like the marks 
 produced by the strokes of a whip, which appear 
 under the skin in certain malignant fevers. They 
 are unfavourable indications, as they denote great 
 prostration. 
 
 VIBRAMEN, Oscillation. 
 
 VIBRANS, Vibratory. 
 
 VIIiRATILE, Vibratory. 
 
 VIBRATIL'ITY, Vibrutil'itas, (F.) Vibra- 
 tilite, from vibrure, vibratum, 'to quiver.' Capa- 
 bility of being thrown into vibration. 
 
 VIBRATIO, Oscillation— V. Cardiaca, Palpita- 
 tion — V. Cordis, Palpitation. 
 
 VIBRATION, PECTORAL, see Frcioitus— v. 
 Tactile, see Fremitus — v. Tussive, see Tussive. 
 
 VIBRATIONS OF SOUND, see Sound. 
 
 VIBRATOR, Deferens vas. 
 
 Vl'BRATORY, Vibrans, Vi'brative, (F.) Vi- 
 bratile, Vibratoire. An epithet applied to the 
 pain that accompanies some neuralgia?, which 
 seems to the patient to vibrate among the nerves. 
 
 Vibratory Motion, see Cilia. 
 
 VIBRATUS, Oscillation. 
 
 VIB'RIO : from vibrure, ' to quiver.' A genus 
 of infusory animalcules, of which different species 
 are met with, — for example, Vib'rio pro' lifer in 
 almost all putrescent fluids containing protein, 
 and in the pus of chancres ; in which last the F. 
 linenla has likewise been found. 
 
 VIBRIS'S^E. Same etymon. The hairs which 
 grow at the entrance of the nostrils and of other 
 outlets. In tlie feline tribe, the whiskers. 
 
 VIBURNUM CASSINOIDES, Ilex Para- 
 guensis. 
 
 Vibdr'num Denta'tum, Arroio Wood, Mealy 
 Tree, Tily of the Indians. Ord. Caprifoliaceae. 
 A high indigenous shrub, of the same family as 
 V. lentago; the bark of which has been used by 
 the Indians as a diuretic. 
 
 Viburnum Edii'le flourishes in the Hudson's 
 Bay territory. The fruit has an orange colour, 
 and is less acid, more fleshy, and more agreeable 
 to the taste than the cranberry. 
 
 Viburnum L^evigatum, Ilex Paraguensis. 
 
 Viburnum Lenta'go, Sweet Viburnum, Nanny- 
 berry. A handsome indigenous tree, of the ho- 
 nej'suckle family — Caprifoliacese — which flowers 
 in May and June. It has been used as an anti- 
 periodic. 
 
 Vibur'num PRUNlt'O'LlUM, Blaclc Haw, Sloe- 
 leaved Viburnum, Sloe. Indigenous: flowering 
 in May. The leaves have been used as tea. 
 
 Viburnum, Slow-leaved, V. prunifolium — v. 
 Sweet, V. lentago. 
 
 VIC-LE-COMPTE, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Vic-le-Compte is a small village in the de- 
 
VICARIOUS 
 
 967 
 
 VINUM 
 
 partment of Puy de D&me, three leagues from 
 Issoire ; where there is an acidulous chalybeate, 
 which is aperient. 
 
 VICA'llIOUS, Vica'n'us, from vrois, 'change, 
 place.' Taking the place of another: — as 'vica- 
 rious secretion,' Secre'tio vica'ria; a secretion 
 which takes place in one part instead of another. 
 VICAR'S BRAY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 This spring is situate in Perthshire, Scotland, 
 about two miles from Dollor, and near to Blarn- 
 gone. The water is one of the strongest chaly- 
 beates known. 
 VJCE, Cachosis. 
 
 VICE DE CONFORMATION. Faulty for- 
 mation of a part of the body. 
 
 VICHY, MINERAL WATERS OP. Carbo- 
 nated alkaline chalybeates, the sources of which 
 are at Vichy, six leagues from Moulins, in the 
 department of AUier. The springs are seven in 
 number. Almost all are thermal ; give off bub- 
 bles of carbonic acid gas, and have a slightly sul- 
 phureous odour. They deposite carbonates of 
 lime and magnesia, and a little oxide of iron ; 
 and afford, on analysis, carbonates of lime, soda, 
 iron, and magnesia, carbonic acid, sulphate of 
 soda, and chloride of sodium. They are em- 
 ployed as tonics, particularly in chronic affections 
 of the abdominal viscera, in old catarrhs, diseases 
 of the joints, &c. 
 
 Vichy Water, Factit"ious, Aqua Vicien'sis, 
 (F.) Eau de Vichy, is made of simple acidulous 
 water, impregnated with twice its bulk of carbo- 
 nic acid, ^xxss; auhcarbonate of soda, gr. xxxij ; 
 sulphate of soda, gr. xvj ; chloride of sodium, gr. 
 iv J suhcarbonate of magnesia, gr. ss; chloride of 
 iron, gr. J. Mix. Ph. P.) 
 VICIA ERVILIA, Ervum. 
 Vic"iA Faba, Faba, F. major sen vulgaris, 
 Or'obus faba, Common Garden Bean, (F.) 
 Feve ou Feve des marais. Ord. Leguminosse. 
 Sex. St/st. Diadelphia Decandria. A native of 
 Egypt, of which there are many varieties. Beans 
 are not easy of digestion. They are proverbially 
 flatulent, especially when old. When young, 
 they are more digestible and wholesome. Bean 
 meal was one of the four resolvent meals of the 
 ancients. 
 
 VICINITRACTUS, Erysipelas. 
 VICINITRAHA, Erysipelas. 
 VICTORIALIS FEMINBA, Gladiolus vulga- 
 ris — V. Longa, Allium victoriale — v. Rotunda, 
 Gladiolus vulgaris. 
 VICTGs ratio. Diet. 
 VIDANGES, Lochia. 
 
 VIDIAN CANAL, Pterygoid canal — v. Nerve, 
 Pterygoid nerve. 
 
 VIE, Life — V. Duree de la, see Longevity — v. 
 Moyenne, see Longevity. 
 VIEILLESSE, Senectus. 
 VIELLOTTE, Colchicum autumnale. 
 VIERGE, Virgin. 
 VI F ARGENT, Hydrargyrum, 
 VIGILANCE, Insomnia. 
 VIGILANTIA, Egregorsis. 
 VIGILATIO, Egregorsis. 
 VIGILIA, Egregorsis. 
 
 VIGILI^, Egregorsis — v. Nimias, Coma vigil. 
 VIGILIUM, Egregorsis. 
 
 VIGNE, Vitis vinifera — v. Blanche, Bryonia 
 alba — V. de Judie, Solanum dulcamara — v. du 
 Nord, Hamulus lupulus — v. Vierge, Bryonia alba. 
 VIGNETTE, Spiraea ulmaria. 
 VIGNOBLE, Mercurialis. 
 VIGOR, Acme. 
 
 VILLA FRANCA, (CLIMATE OF.) This 
 little town is situate immediately to the eastward 
 of Montalbano, which separates the bay of Villa 
 Franca from that of Nice. It is on the southern 
 declivity of a steep and lofty range of mountains ; 
 
 and is more effectually sheltered from the north 
 and north-west winds than Nice, with the climate 
 of which that of Villa Franca closely corresponds. 
 VILLI, see Villous membranes. 
 VILLOUS, Villo'sus, (F.) Villeux, from villvs, 
 'a hair.' 
 
 Villous Membranes or Coats, Vclamen'ta 
 Bombyc"ina, (F.) 3Ienibranes villeuses, Jilembranes 
 veloutes, are such as are covered with soft papillae 
 or Villi, Flocci, Floc'culi, Vesic'ulw, Cyliii'dri, 
 Tnbi Membrana' cei , constituted of blood-vessels, 
 nerves, and absorbents; or such as are covered 
 with fine down, so as to cause them to feel soft 
 and velvety. The term is, however, chiefly re- 
 stricted to the former. Chaussier gives the name 
 simple villous membranes to the serous mem- 
 branes ; and that of complicated or follicular vil- 
 lous membranes to the mucous membranes. 
 
 VIN, Wine — v. de Bordeaux, Claret — v. de 
 Poulet, see Poulet — v. de Qui'iiquiua compose, Vi- 
 num de kinakin§,compositum — v. llmuje d' Oporto, 
 Vinum Portugallicum — v. Sec, Sack. 
 
 VINAIGRE, Acetum, see Aceticum acidum — 
 V. Scillitiquc, Acetum scillae — v. de Bois, Pyro- 
 ligneous acid. ^ 
 
 VINAIGRES MEDICINAUX, Acetica. 
 VINCA MINOR, V. pervin'ca, from vincio, '1 
 bind,' because of its usefulness in making bands. 
 Clem'atis daphno'i' des major. Lesser periivinkle, 
 (F.) Pervenche, Violette des Sorcicrs. It has 
 bitter and astringent properties, and has been 
 used in gargles and diseases of the chest. 
 VINCETOXICUM, Asclepias vincetoxicum. 
 VINCTURA, Fascia. 
 VINCULA, Fascia. 
 
 VINCULUM, Bandage, Lien — v. Caninum, 
 Frsenum penis — v. Linguae, Fraenum linguae — v. 
 Praeputii, Fraenum penis — v. Umbilicale, Funicu- 
 lus umbilicalis. 
 
 VINE, Vitis vinifera — v. Grape, Vitis vinifera. 
 Vine Poison, Rhus radicans. 
 Vine, Wild, Pareira. 
 
 VINEGAR, AROMATIC SPIRIT OF, see 
 Aceticum acidum. 
 
 Vinegar op Cantharides, Acetum cantharidis. 
 Vinegar, Common, Acetum — v. Distilled, see 
 Aceticum acidum — v. Estragon, Artemisia dra- 
 cunculus — V. Marseilles, Acetum aromaticum. 
 
 Vinegar of Meadow Saffron, Acetum col- 
 chici- — V. of Opium, Guttae nigrse. 
 
 Vinegar, Radical, Aceticum acidum. 
 Vinegar of Squills, Acetum scillaB — v. of the 
 Four Thieves, Acetum aromaticum. 
 
 Vinegar, Thieves', Acetum aromaticum — y. 
 Whey, see Acetum. 
 
 Vinegar of Wood, see Aceticum acidum. 
 VINETTE, Rumex acetosa. 
 VINETTIER, Oxyacantha Galeni. 
 VINEUX, Vinous. 
 VINOLENTA, see Temulentia. 
 VINOLENTIA, Temulentia. 
 VINOSUS, Vinous. 
 
 VINOUS, Vino'sus, CEno'des, (Enoi'des, (F.) 
 Vineux, from vimim, 'wine.' Relating to wine. 
 Having the character of, or resembling, wine. 
 Made of wine. 
 
 VINUM, Wine, Sherry wine (Ph. U. S. 1842). 
 See Wine. A medicinal wine, (F.) Vin medicinal, 
 OnolS, Onolature. 
 
 Vinum Absinthi'tes, Wine of Wormivond. {Fol. 
 absinth, exsic, absinth. Pontic, aa ^vj, vini albi 
 Oiv. Macerate for 24 hours, and strain. Ph. P.) 
 Stimulant, tonic, febrifuge, vermifuge. 
 
 Vinum Adustum, Brandv — v. Album, Sherry 
 wine (Ph. U. S. 1851), see Wine— v. Album His- 
 panicum, see AVine — v. Album Montanum, see 
 Wine. 
 
 Vinum Al'oi^s, V. aloes Socofori'ncB seu aloet'- 
 icum seu aro' mo-aloetieum, Tinctu'ra h.i'era,Tinct- 
 
VINUM 
 
 968 
 
 VINUM 
 
 u'ra sacra, Wine of Aloes. {Aloes in pulv. 5J, 
 eardam. cont., Zingib. cont., aa gj ; vini alh. Oj. 
 Macerate for 14 days, and filter. Ph. U. S.) 
 Purgative and stomachic, according to the dose. 
 Dose, fgj to f^^ij. 
 
 ViNUM Amarum, V. Gentianse comp. — v. Ama- 
 rum scilliticum, &c., V. diureticum amarum — v. 
 Amarum cum spiritii vini, V. gentians composi- 
 tum . — V. Antimoniale, V. antimonii tartarizati — 
 T. Antimoniatum Huxhami, V. antimonii tartari- 
 zati — V. Antimonii potassio-tartratis, V. antimonii 
 tartarizati. 
 
 ViNDM Antimo'nii, V. antimo'nii tartariza'ti seu 
 tartra'tis antimonii seu antimo'nii potas'sio-tar- 
 tratis seu henedic'tum seu antimonia' turn Hitxha'- 
 mi seu antimoniale seu emet' icuni, Liquor tar'tari 
 emet'ici, Eseen'tia antimonii seu stih'ii, Aqua 
 henedic'ta Rulan'di, Solution of tar'tarized anti- 
 mony, Antimonial wine. (Ant. et Potass, tart. 3j, 
 vini alhi f^x. Dissolve the tartarized antimony 
 in th* wine. Ph. U. S.) Each fluidounce con- 
 tains two grains of the tartrate. 
 
 The ordinary Antimonial wine is made with 
 glass of antimony gj, sherry Oiss. 
 
 Ward's Bed Brop consists of a strong vinous 
 solution oi tartarized antimony. 
 
 ViNUM ANTiscoRBo'TicnM, Anfiscorbu'tic wine. 
 (Bad. armoraeicB recent, ^j, fol. cochlearite re- 
 cent., nasturtii aquatic., trifol. aquatic, aemin. si- 
 nap., aa ^ss, ammonia niuriat. ^ijj ^'"- "^^* OU- 
 Macerate for 36 hours ; filter, and add tinctura 
 cochlear, "^ss. Ph. P.) Stimulant and tonic. 
 Dose, f^ss to f^ij. 
 
 ViNUM Aromat'icum, Aromatic wine. [Species 
 aromatic, ^iv, vin. rubr. Oij. Macerate for 6 
 days and filter. Ph. P.) Stimulant and tonic. 
 Used, externally, in fomentations, embrocations, 
 &c. 
 
 ViNUM Aromo-aloeticum, v. aloes — v. Bene- 
 dictum, V. antimonii tartarizati. 
 
 ViNTJM Campa'niim, V. Campiana'ceum. Cham- 
 pagne wine. A well-known sparkling wine of 
 France. See Wine. 
 
 ViNUM Canarinum, see Wine — v. Chalybeatum, 
 V. ferri — v. Cinchonse compositum, V. de kina 
 kina comp. 
 
 VlNUM Coii'CHlci, V. Colchici Radi'cis, Wine 
 of Colchicum, Want's Eau d'Husson. (Colchic. 
 rad. bene contus. ibj, vini alb. Oij. Macerate for 
 14 days, with occasional agitation, and then ex- 
 press strongly, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may 
 also be prepared by displacement. Diuretic, se- 
 dative, and purgative. Chiefly used in gout. 
 Dose, gtt. 40 to f,^j. 
 
 Beynolds's Specific for gout and rheumotism 
 consisted of the fresh bulb of Colchicum §viij. 
 Sherry wine, f^^xvj. The colchicum was mace- 
 rated for eight or ten days in the wine, at a gentle 
 heat; coloured with syrup of poj^tjiies and fla- 
 voured with rum. Reynolds is said to have 
 killed himself by taking an over-dose of it. 
 
 ViNUM Colchici Kadicis, V. colchici. 
 
 ViNDM Colchici Sem'ikis, Wine of Colchicum 
 
 feed. (Colchic. sem. cont. ^'\v \ 
 
 alb. Oij. 
 
 Macerate for 14 days, with occasional agitation, 
 then express and filter. Ph. U. S.) Dose, f^j to 
 
 Visum Crematum, Brandy. 
 
 ViNUM Didret'icum Ama'rum, v. amarum 
 scillit'icum eompos'itnm in Charita'tis Nosocomi'o 
 iisurpa'tum, Bitter diuret'ic icine. (Cort. cinchon., 
 Winteran., limon., aa ^\], rhus toxicodendr., seil- 
 IcB, cacumin. angelicas, aa §ss, fol. absinth., me- 
 lissce, aa ,^j, baccar. junip., macis, aa ^ss, vin. 
 alb. Oviij. Macerate and filter. Ph. P.) Stimu- 
 lant, tonic, and diuretic. Dose, f5ss to f^iss. 
 
 ViNOM Emeticum, V. antimonii tartarizati. 
 
 ViNDM Er'gotjE, Wine of Ergot. [ErgotcB, 
 cont., 5ij; vini alb. Oj. Macerate for 14 days. 
 
 with occasional agitation; then express and filter. 
 Ph. U. S.) Dose, TVLxx to f^j to produce the 
 peculiar effects of ergot. 
 
 ViNUM Ferratum, v. Ferri. 
 
 ViNUM Ferri, V. Chalybea'tum seu ferra'tum 
 seu Martia' turn seu Martis, Tinctura Ilartis vi- 
 no'sa seu Martis cum vino. Steel wine. Wine of 
 Iron. [Iron wire, ^j ; Sherry ^vine, Oij (Imp. 
 meas.). Digest for thirty days and filter. Ph. L.) 
 Tonic. Dose, f^j to fgiv. 
 
 It is sometimes made by adding two joints of 
 wine to two ounces of iron filings j- macerating and 
 filtering. 
 
 ViNUM Gentia'n^, V. G. Comjjoe'itum seu 
 Ama'rum seu Amarum cum spiritu Vini, Infu'- 
 sum ama'rum vino'sum. Compound wine of gen- 
 tian, Wine bitters. [Bad. gentian, luteal §ss, cort. 
 cinchon. offic. 3J, cort. aurant. ^ij, eanellm alb. 
 2j, alcohol, dilut. f ^iv, vini alb. Hispanic. Oijss. 
 Ph. E.) Dose, f 3j to fgvj. 
 
 ViNDM HiPPOCRATicuM, Claret — v. Hispanicum, 
 Vinum, see Wine — v. Hordeaceum, Cerevisia — v. 
 Ilydatodes, see Hydatoid. 
 
 Vinum Ipecacitan'HjE, Ijyecacuan'ha icine. 
 [Ipecacuan. cont. §ij, vini alb. Oij.) Macerate 
 for 14 days, express, and filter. Emetic and dia- 
 phoretic. Dose, as an emetic, f^iv to i^x. 
 
 Vinum de Kina Kina Compos'itum, V. cineho'- 
 nce compositum. Compound bark wine, (F.) Yin de 
 quinquina compjose. [Cort. cinchon. pulv. ibsS; 
 quassia, cort. Winteran., cort. aurant. sicc, aa 
 ^ss, alcohol. (12° to 22° Beaume) Oj. Macerate 
 for 24 hours; and add vini albi Ovj. Macerate 
 for four days, and filter. Ph. P.) Tonic, febri- 
 fuge, and stomachic. Dose, f §ss to f^ij. 
 
 Vinum Martiatdm, V. ferri — v. Martis, V. 
 ferri — v. Medicatum, see Claret. 
 
 Vinum Medicina'le, Med'icated Wine. Wine, 
 holding in solution one or more medicines. Me- 
 dicinal wines are obtained by macerating or di- 
 gesting medicinal substauces in wine. They 
 differ, of course, according to the nature of the 
 medicine employed, the strength of the wine, &c. 
 In a late Pharmacopoeia of the London College, 
 all the wines were changed into weak tinctures; 
 but the old names were left unaltered. Sherry is 
 the wine usually employed. The following are 
 medicated wines. 
 
 Vinum Merum, Acratum — v. Nieotianje tabaci, 
 V. tabaci — v. Opiatum fermentatione paratum, 
 Laudanum abbatis Rousseau. 
 
 Vinum O'pii, V. de opio compos'itum, Laud'^ 
 anuni liq'uidum Sydenha'mi seu Hoffman'ni, 
 Tinctu'ra Theba'ica, Wine of Opium, Sydenham's 
 Laud'anum, Ford's laudanum. [Opii in pulv. 
 ^i) ; cinnam. cont., caryophyll. cont. aa ^j, vini 
 albi Oj. Macerate for 14 days; express and 
 filter. — Ph. U. S.) Narcotic. Dose, gtt. xv to 
 
 m- 
 
 Vinum be Opio Compositum, V. opii — v. Pica- 
 tum, Pissites. 
 
 Vinum Portugal'ltcum, V. rubrum, [Ph. U. S. 
 1861,) (F.) Vin rouge d' Opiorto. Wine of Portu- 
 gal or of Oporto. Port wine. A strong astrin- 
 gent wine, not much drunk in the United States; 
 but greatly used in England. 
 
 Vinum Qui'ni^, Wine of Qui'nia. ( Wine Ibij, 
 sulphate of quinia gr. x. Mis.) Dose, f ^iss or 
 more; according as it is used as a stomacbic, or 
 to arrest ague. A Vinum Cincho'nia may be 
 made in the same way. 
 
 Vinum Rhei, V. B. palma'ti, V. Bhabarbari, 
 Tinctura Bhabar'bari Vino'sa, Elixir Bhei dulce, 
 E. B. Compos'itum, Bhubarb Wine. [Bhei 
 cont. ^ij, canellce cont. ,^j, alcohol, dilut. f ^ij, 
 vini albi, Oj. Macerate for 14 days; express and 
 filter. — Ph. U. S.) Laxative and stimulant. 
 Dose, f^iv to f,^iss. 
 
 Vinum Rhei Palmati, V. Rhei — v. Rhenanurn, 
 
VIOL 
 
 969 
 
 VIROSUS 
 
 gee Wine — v. Rhabarbari, V. rhei palmati — v. 
 Rubrum, V. Portugallicum — v. Rubrum Portu- 
 gallicum, see Wine. 
 
 Visum Tab'aci, Vimim Nicotia'ncB Tahaci, To- 
 hac'co Wine. {Tabac. incis. ^j, vini albi, Oj. 
 Macerate for 14 days ; express and strain. Ph. 
 U. S.) Narcotic, diuretic, and antispasmodic. 
 In dropsical cases, colica pictonum, and ileus. 
 Not used. Dose, gtt. xx to xxxvj. 
 
 ViNUM Veka'tri, V. V. albi, Wine of White 
 Hel'lebore. (Veratri coiH. ^iv ; Vini albi, Oj. 
 Macerate for 14 days, express and filter. — Ph. U. 
 S.) In cutaneous affections, and in gout. Dose, 
 ten minims. 
 
 ViNDM Veratri Albi, V. Veratri — r. Xericum, 
 see Vinum. 
 
 VIOL, Stuprum. 
 
 VI'OLA, Viola odora'ta seu mar'tia, Ion, Ma- 
 trona'lis, Viola'ria, Sweet Violet, (F.) Violette 
 d bouquets, V. odorante. Ord. Violacese. The 
 flowers of the sweet violet, have a pleasant, peeu- 
 culiar odc^ur, and scarcely any taste. They are 
 slightly laxative. 
 
 Viola Cani'na, V. sylves'tris. Dog Violet. The 
 root of this plant is emetic and cathartic. Dose, 
 
 Viola Ipecacttanha, see Ipecacuanha — v. 
 Lutea, Cheiranthus cheiri — v. Martia, Viola — v. 
 Odorata, Viola — v. Palustris, Pinguicola vulgaris. 
 
 Viola Peda'ta, Viola, {Ph. U. S.) This in- 
 digenous violet, which grows from New England 
 to Carolina, is regarded by some as a useful de- 
 mulcent in pectoral affections. 
 
 Viola Syltestbis, V. Canina. 
 
 Viola Tri'color, Jace'a tricolor, Herba seu Flos 
 Trinita'tis, Heart's ease, Pansy, Pen»y, Pansies, 
 (Prov.) Beedy's eyes, Biddy's eyes, (F.) Pensee, 
 P. sauvage. The decoction of this beautiful little 
 plant has been recommended in diseases of the 
 skin, &o. Its roots are, also, emetic and cathartic. 
 
 VIOLARIA, Viola. 
 
 VIOLET, DOG, Viola canina— v. Dog's Tooth, 
 Erythronium Americanum. 
 
 Violet Bloom, Solanum dulcamara. 
 
 Violet, Sweet, Viola. 
 
 VIOLETTE A BOUQ UETS, Viola— i;. Odor- 
 ante. Viola — 1'. des Sorciers, Vinca minor. 
 
 VIOLIER JAUNE, Cheiranthus cheiri. 
 
 VIORNA, Clematis vitalba. 
 
 VIPER, EGYPTIAN, Aspis — v. Ten-inch 
 long, Echidna ocellata. 
 
 Viper Grass, Scorzonera. 
 
 VIPERA, Coluber berus. 
 
 VIPERARIA, Aristolochia serpentaria, Scor- 
 zonera. 
 
 VIPERINA VIRGINIANA, Aristolochia ser- 
 pentaria. 
 
 VIPERTNE BE VIRGINIE, Aristolochia 
 serpentaria. 
 
 VIPER'S DANCE, Chorea. 
 
 VIR, Aner, Penis — v. Effoeminatus, Gynseeaner. 
 
 VIRAGO, see Pogoniasis. 
 
 VIREUX, Virulent. 
 
 VIRGA, Penis — v. Cerea, Bougie — v. Cerebri, 
 Pineal gland. 
 
 VIRGILLA, Cladrastis tinctoria. 
 
 VIRGIN, Virgo, genitive virginis, Pnr'thenus, 
 EjTpers nujitia'rum, (F.) Vierge, Pueelle. A fe- 
 male who has never had sexual intercourse. Ap- 
 plied, also, occasionally to the male so circum- 
 stanced. 
 
 VIRGIN-MARY THISTLE, Centaurea bene- 
 dicta. 
 
 VIR'GINAL, Virgina'le, from virgo, virginis, 'a, 
 virgin.' The external genital organs of the virgin. 
 
 Virginal Membrane, Hymen. 
 
 VIRGIN'IA, MINERAL WATERS OF. There 
 are several celebrated mineral springs in Virginia, 
 
 on the western side of the Blue Ridge. TwG 
 Thermal springs exist in Bath county. The 
 Warm Spring, as it is called, issues with a bold 
 stream, sufficient to turn a mill, and to keep the 
 water of its basin at the temperature of 97°. The 
 Hoi Spring is a few miles from the warm. Its 
 temperature is 107°. They are both slightly sul- 
 phureous. The Sweet Springs are at the eastern 
 foot of the Allegheny, in Botetourt county; 42 
 miles from the Warm Springs. The water has a 
 temperature of 70°, and is highly impregnated 
 with carbonic acid. The White Sulphur, as well 
 as the Red Sulphur, and Salt Sulphur Springs, 
 are also much celebrated. The Red Spring is 
 affirmed to exert a sedative influence on the 
 pulse, diminishing the number of its beats. 
 Prof. W. B. Rogers analyzed the water of the 
 White Sulphur, and found it to be composed as 
 follows: — Gaseous contents in a wine gallon. 
 Stdphuretted hydrogen, 2"5 cubic inches, carbonic 
 acid, 2; oxyyen, 1-448; nitrogen, 3'552. — Total, 
 9'5. Solid contents in a pint; sulphate of mag- 
 nesia, 5'588 grains; stilphate of lime, 7'744; car- 
 bonate of lime, I'loO ; chloride of calcium, 0'204 ; 
 chloride of sodium, O'lSO ; oxide of iron, a trace; 
 loss, 0-410. Total, 15-276 grains. 
 
 The Rockbridge Alum Springs are situated 17 
 miles west of Lexington, and are in much favour. 
 Their solid constituents are said to be, — sulphate 
 of potassa, 1-765 gr. ; sulphate of lime, 3-263; sul- 
 phate of magnesia, 1-763; protoxide of iron, 4-863; 
 alumina, 17-905; crenate of ammonia, 0-700; 
 chloride of sodium, 1-008 ; silicic acid, 2-840 ; free 
 sulphuric acid, 15-224; free carbonic acid, 7-536 
 — water 68315-133. They are used in dys- 
 pepsia, scrofula, chronic diarrhoea, and cutaneous 
 affections. The Bath Alum Springs are about 17 
 miles west of the Rockbridge Springs, in Bath 
 county. They consist of free sulphuric acid, 
 7-878 grs : carbonic acid, 3-846; sulphate of po- 
 tassa, 0-258; magnesia, 1-282; lime, 2-539; pro- 
 toxide of iron, 21-776; alumina, 12-293; crenate 
 of ammonia, 1-776; silicate of soda, 3-150; water, 
 58317-202. Theyare more chalybeate than the last. 
 
 About 15 miles from Staunton are Stribling's 
 Springs — a sulphuretted water ; and near War- 
 renton, in Fauquier county, there is a sulphu- 
 reous water, called Lee's Springs, which is much 
 frequented. Berlcley or Bath, and Capon Springs 
 are likewise celebrated. 
 
 Virginia, Hymen. 
 
 VIRGINIS VITIATIO, Defloration. 
 
 VIRGIN'ITY, F?Vf/ni'?7a8, Parthenei'a, Integ'- 
 ritas, llaid'enhood, Ilaid'enhead, (F.) Virginity, 
 Pucelage ; from virgo, virginis, 'a virgin.' The 
 state of one who has never had carnal commerce. 
 
 VIRGIN'S BOWER, COMMON, Clematis 
 vitalba, Clematis Virginica — v. Bower, upright, 
 Clematis recta — v. Sweet-scented, Clematis flam- 
 mula. 
 
 Virgin's Milk, Lac Vir'ginis seu Virgina'le, 
 (F.) Lait virginal. A tincture of benjamin or 
 of any other balsam, precipitated by the addition 
 of water, which gives it a milky appearance. 
 Also, sub-acetate of lead precipitated by water. It 
 has been used as a cosmetic to remove freckles, &c. 
 
 VIRGINITAS DEFLORATA, Defloration. 
 
 VIRGO, Virgin — v. Aurea, Solidago virgaurea. 
 
 VIRGULA, Penis. 
 
 VIRIDE ^RIS, Cupri subacetas — v. Monta- 
 num, Cuprum. 
 
 VIRILE, Penis. 
 
 VIRILES'CENCE; iromvirilis, {vir, 'a man,') 
 'manly.' The state of the aged female in which 
 she assumes certain of the characteristics of the 
 male. — Mehliss. 
 
 VIRILIA, Pudibilia. 
 
 VIRILITY, Adult age. 
 
 VIROSUS, Virulent. 
 
VIRTUE 
 
 070 
 
 VITAL 
 
 VIRTUE, Faculty. I 
 
 VIRTUS FORMATRIX, Plastic force — v. 
 Plastica, Plastic force. 
 
 VIR'ULENT, Vii-ulen'tus, Viro'sus, (F.) Vt- 
 reux, from virvs. That which is of the nature 
 of a virus or which is caused by a virus. Highly 
 noxious. 
 
 VIRUS, from vis, 'force/ plural vires [?]. A 
 Latin word, which signifies poison ; but which, 
 in medicine, has a somewhat different accepta- 
 tion. By it is understood a principle, unknown 
 in its nature and inappreciable bj' the senses, 
 which is the agent for the transmission of infec- 
 'ious diseases. Thus we speak of the variolic, 
 caccine, and syphilitic viruses. Virus differs from 
 venom in the latter being a secretion natural to 
 certain animals, whilst the former is always the 
 result of a morbid process, — a morhid poison. 
 
 Virus, Ichor, Poison, Sanies — v. Vaccine, see 
 Vaccina — v. Vitale, Sperm. 
 
 VIS, Force — v. Adhasionis, Cohesion (force 
 of) — V. Attractionis, Cohesion (force of) — v. 
 Aucta, Sthenia — v. Cohsesionis, Cohesion (force 
 of) — v. Conservatrix, V. medicatrix naturse — 
 V. Elastica, Elasticity — v. Essentialis, Plastic 
 force. 
 
 Vis Expul'trix. The organic force by which, 
 it was supposed, the useless was removed from 
 the body. 
 
 Vis Formatita, Plastic force — v. Generatrix, 
 Potentia generandi — v. Imminuta, Asthenia — v. 
 Insita, Irritability — v. Irritabilitatis, Irritability. 
 
 Vis Medica'triX Xatu'r^, V. conserva'trix, 
 Autocrati'a, Autonom'ia, AiUocrato'ria, Auihy- 
 gian'sis, Aiitotherajiei'a, Physiat'rice, Physio- 
 autocrati'a, Physiautocrati'a, (F.) Force inedica- 
 trice. A term, employed by some, to express 
 that instinctive healing power, in an animal or 
 vegetable, by virtue of which it can repair inju- 
 ries inflicted upon it, or remove disease. 
 
 Vis Metabolica, Metabolic force. 
 
 Vis Mor'tua, Under this name Haller in- 
 cluded the mechanical properties of membrane, 
 — flexibility, extensibility, elasticity, &c. — which 
 are totally independent of the vital properties. 
 They remain some time after the complete ex- 
 tinction of life in all its functions ; seem to be 
 connected with the mechanical arrangement of 
 particles and the chymical composition of the 
 substance in which they reside, and not to be 
 affected until the progress of decomposition has 
 become sensible. 
 
 Vis !Muscularis, Myodynamia — v. Nervorum, 
 Nervous power — v. Nervosa, Nervous power — v. 
 Plastica, Plastic force — v. Reproductiva, Plastic 
 force — V. Vitae, Irritability. 
 
 Vis Vita'lis, Vis seu Fac'ultas Zo'tica, (F.) 
 Force vitale. The vital force — Biod of Baron 
 Von Reichenbach — which distinguishes living 
 matter from the dead. Also, Irritability. 
 
 Vis Zotica, Vis vitalis. 
 
 VISAGE, Countenance. 
 
 VISCAGO BEHEN, Cucubalus behen. 
 
 VISCERA, Entrails. 
 
 VISCERAL, Splanchnic. 
 
 VISCERALIS, Stomachal. 
 
 VISCERATION, Exenterismus. 
 
 VISCERES, Entrails. 
 
 VISCONIA, Physconia. 
 
 VISCUM ALBUM, Ixos, Ix'ia, DalacTi, 3Iis'- 
 tletoe, (F.) G)ii, Gin de Chene, Gillon. A para- 
 sitic plant, which grows on a number of trees. 
 Order, Loranthacese. Sex. Syst. Dioeoia Tetran- 
 dria. That of the oak — Viscum querci'num — has 
 been most celebrated, but it does not differ from 
 the others. It was, at one time, much used in 
 epilepsy and other neuroses,- the wood or leaves 
 
 being given in powder, in the dose of ^ss or 3j- 
 The berries, also called Pommes hemonho'idales, 
 from their supposed virtues, are drastic; and, 
 when applied externally, are maturative. 
 
 VisciTM Capen'se. a South African parasitic 
 shrub, which grows on the stems of several spe- 
 cies of Rhus and Euclea. 
 
 ViscuM Flaves'cexs, V. vertieilla'tnm. Yellow 
 or Yel'lowish Mis'tletoe, indigenous, has been 
 given in similar cases as the Viscum alhum. 
 
 Viscum Verticillatum, V. flavescens. 
 
 VISIO, Pupil, Vision. 
 
 VIS'ION, Sight, Vis'io, Visus, from videre, 
 visum, 'to see;' Opsis, Omma, (F.) Vue. The 
 action of seeing. The sight is one of the five 
 senses, and the eye is its organ. By it we 
 distinguish colours, and appreciate most of the 
 physical qualities of external-objects. The eye is 
 composed of diflferent transparent media, whose 
 curvatures and refractive powers are so combined 
 as to render insensible the aberrations of spheri- 
 city and refrangibilit}', and to concentrate the 
 numerous rays proceeding from more or less 
 distant objects. These rays traverse, succes- 
 sively, the transparent cornea, the aqueous hu- 
 mour, the crystalline, the vitreous humour, and 
 strike upon the retina, on which they impress 
 the figure of the object whence they have pro- 
 ceeded; and, in order that no obscurity may arise 
 from the reflections that might otherwise occur, 
 the anterior of the eye is lined by a membrane — 
 the choroid — which is itself covered internally by 
 a dark pigment. This absorbs the light, like the 
 dark pigment in the interior of telescopes, and 
 thus obviates confusion. As the rays proceeding 
 from an object must cross each other in their 
 course to the retina, it follows that those pro- 
 ceeding from the upper part of an object must 
 fall upon the lower part of the retina, and con- 
 versely ; so that the object must be impressed 
 upon the retina in an inverted position; yet ex- 
 perience teaches us to appreciate the position ac- 
 curately. 
 
 Vision, BrN'ocuLAR, see Binocular — t. Co-. 
 loured, Chromopsia — v. Double, Diplopia- — v. 
 Iridescent, Chromopsia — v. Manifold, Polyopsia 
 — V. Multiple, Polj'opsia — v. Phantasraatum, 
 Metamorphopsia — v. Single, see Binocular. 
 
 VISNOMT, Physiognomy. 
 
 VISORIUM ORGANUM, Eye. 
 
 VISORIUS, Visual. 
 
 VIS'UAL, Visnn'Us, Viso'rius, (F.) Vwuel. 
 Same etymon as Vision. That which concerns 
 the sight or belongs to vision. 
 
 Visual Angle is the angle formed by the 
 crossing of two rays, proceeding from opposite 
 points of any body, in their passage through the 
 pupil. It is by the size of this angle that we judge, 
 to a certain extent, of the dimensions of objects. 
 
 VISUEL, Visual. 
 
 VISUS, AHsion — v. Acris, Oxyderoia — v. 
 Acrior, Nyctalopia — v. Coloratus, Chromopsia — 
 V. Debilitas, Asthenopia — v. Decolor, Achroma- 
 topsia — V. Defiguratus, Metamorphopsia- — v. Di- 
 midiatus, Hemiopia — v. Diurnus, Hemeralopia — 
 V. Duplicatus, Diplopia — v. Hebetudo, Amblyopia 
 — v. Juvenum, Myopia — v. Lucidus, PLotopsia — 
 V. Muscarum, see Metamorphopsia — v. Nebulo- 
 sus. Nebula — v. Nocturnus, Nyctalopia — v. Seni- 
 lis, Presbytia. 
 
 VITA, Life — v. Propria, Irritability. 
 
 VITAL, Vita'lis, Biot'ic, Biot'icus, (F.) Vital, 
 from vita, 'life.' Relating or appertaining to 
 life. 
 
 Vital Capac"itt, Pulmov'ic or Ltuig capacity. 
 A term employed by Dr. Hutchinson to designate 
 the number of cubic inches of air, which a person 
 can forcibly expire after a full inspiration. 
 
VITALBA 
 
 971 
 
 VIVIPARITE 
 
 Vital Dynamics, see Dynamic — v. Force, Vis 
 Titalis. 
 
 Vital Prin'ciple, Flam'mula seu Aura vita'- 
 lis, Microcosme'tor, (F.) Flamme vitule, Vital 
 Flame. The principle which, iu association with 
 matter, as in organized bodies, controls its mani- 
 festations and properties, and distinguishes or- 
 ganized matter from the inorganic. AVe know 
 nothing of this principle, except in its connexion 
 with organization. 
 
 Vital Properties, see Properties, vital — v. 
 Statistics, Statistics, medical. 
 
 VITALBA, Clematis vitalba. 
 
 VI'TALISM, Vitalism' (18. The doctrine of the 
 vitalist — vitalis'ta — who ascribes every function 
 of the organism to the direct agency of the vital 
 principle. 
 
 VITALIST, see Vitalism. 
 
 VITAL'ITY, Vital' Has, (F.) Vitalite, from vita, 
 'life.' The vital principle: also, used in the sense 
 of vital action or movement. 
 
 VITALIZE. To endow with life. 
 
 VITALS, Vita'lia. Parts that are necessary 
 for life — the heart, lungs, and nervous centres 
 more especially. 
 
 VITAPtO'BORANT, PALMER'S. A farina- 
 ceous preparation, which appears to consist of a 
 mixture of the red or Arabian lentil and wheat 
 flour, the latter in considerable amount, sweet- 
 ened with sugar. It bears considerable resem- 
 blance to Revalenta. 
 
 VITELLARY, Vitelline— v. Membrane, Zona 
 pellucida. 
 
 VITELLINE, Zona pellucida. 
 
 VIT'ELLINE, Vitel'linus, Vil'ellary, Lecitho'- 
 les, from vitellus, ' the yolk of an egg.' Apper- 
 taining to or resembling the vitellus or yolk. 
 Also, the yolk membrane. See Vesicula umbili- 
 calis. 
 
 Vitelline Disc, Proligerous Disc — v. Fluid, 
 see Vesicula umbilicalis. 
 
 Vitelline Ped'icle or Apoph'ysis is the pedi- 
 cle which attaches the umbilical vesicle to the 
 embryo. See Vesicula umbilicalis. 
 
 Vitelline Pouch, Vesicula umbilicalis — v. 
 Vessels, Ompbalo-mesenteric. 
 
 VITELLO-MESENTERIC, Omphalo-mesen- 
 
 VITELLUM OVI, see Ovum. 
 
 VITELLUS OVI, see Ovum. 
 
 VITEX, from vieo, ' I bind' [?] ; V. Agnus Cas- 
 tU8 seu verti cilia' ta, (F.) Go.ttilier, Petit Poivre, 
 Poivre de moine ou sauvage. Ord. Verbenacese. 
 Sex. Sjjif. Didynamia Angiospermia. The Chaste 
 Tree. The seeds, when fresh, have a fragrant 
 smell, and an acrid, aromatic taste. Formerly, 
 they were celebrated as antaphrodisiacs. 
 
 VITI SALTUS, Chorea. 
 
 VITIA PRIM^ CONFORMATIONIS, see 
 Monster. 
 
 VITIATIO, Stuprum. 
 
 VITILIGINES, Ephelides. 
 
 VITILIGO, Lepra — v. Alphas, Lepra alpho- 
 ides — V. Melas, Lepra nigricans — v. Nigra, Lepra 
 nigricans. 
 
 VITILIGOii'DEA, from vitiligo, and tdo^, 're- 
 semblance.' A disease of the skin, so called 
 from its resembling the vitiligo of Willan. It 
 appears under two forms ; either as tubercles — V. 
 tnhero'sa — varying from the size of a pin's head 
 to that of a large pea, isolated or confluent ; or as 
 yellow patches of irregular outline, slightly ele- 
 vated, and with but little hardness — V. plana, 
 
 VITIS ALBA SYLVESTRIS, Bryonia alba 
 — v. Apyrena, see V. Corinthiaca. 
 
 Vitis Corinthiaca. Ord. Vitaceae. Sex. Syst. 
 Pentandria Monogynia. This plant afi'ords the 
 UvcB Corinthiaem passes mino'res, PaascB Oorin- 
 thiaccB, Pas'sulcB mhto'res, Corinthiacas, Currants, 
 
 (F.) Raisins de CorintJie; vrhich are the dried 
 fruit of the Vitis Corinthiaca or Vitis apyre'na / 
 and are similar, in their properties, to the raisin. 
 
 Vitis Id^ea Myrtillus, Vaccinium myrt'illus 
 — V. Ideea Palustris, Vaccinium oxycoccos — v. 
 Idsea punctata, Vaccinium vitis ida^a — v. Sativa, 
 V. vinifera. 
 
 Vitis Vinip'era, V. sati'va, Am'pelos, A. 
 CEuoph'oros, Grape vine. Vine, (F.) Vigne. 
 Vine leaves and the tendrils have an astrin- 
 gent taste, and were formerly used in diar- 
 rhoea, hemorrhage, &c. The juice or sap, called 
 Lac'ryma, has been recommended in calculous 
 disorders and in cases of chronic ophthalmia. 
 The juice of the unripe fruit is called Verjuice. 
 The Grape, Uva, Butrys, Stupjh'yle, Ehax, (F.) 
 Raisin, when ripe, is a wholesome delicious fruit; 
 and, when dried, forms the Uva piasscB majo'res, 
 Pass'idm majo'res. UvcB passes sole sicca'tcB, Uva 
 passa (Ph. U. S.), ZihehcB, Raisins. These are 
 inodorous; and to the taste, sub-acidulous, sweet, 
 and mucilaginous. They are demulcent and nu- 
 tritive. 
 
 VITIUM, Disease — v. Caducum, Epilepsy. 
 
 ViTiuM Conforma'tionis. a disease or fault 
 of conformation. 
 
 ViTiOM DiviNUM, Epilepsy — v. Hereuleum, 
 Epilepsy — v. Scrophulosam, Scrofula. 
 
 VITRARIA, Parietaria. 
 
 VITRE. Hyaline. 
 
 VITREO-CAPSULITIS, Hyalitis. 
 
 VITREOUS, Hyaline — V. Humour, Corpus 
 vitreum — v. Humour of the ear, Vitrine auditive. 
 
 VITREUS, Hvaline. 
 
 VITRE UX, Hyaline. 
 
 VITRINA OCULARIS, Corpus vitreum. 
 
 VITRINE AUDITIVE (F.), from vitrum, 
 'glass;' A'quula vit'rea auditi'va, Eud'olympih, 
 Liquor or Fluid of Scarjya, Vitreous Humour of 
 the Ear. The fluid contained in the memhranouS 
 labyrinth of the ear, so called from its resem- 
 blance to the vitreous humour of the eye. 
 
 VITRIOL, Ferri sulphas — v. Blue, Cupri sul- 
 phas — V. Green, Ferri sulphas — v. Roman, Cupri 
 sulphas — V. White, Zinci sulphas. 
 
 VITRIOLUM ALBUM, Zinci sulphas — v. 
 Ammoniacale, Ammoniae sulphas — v. Cajruleum, 
 Cupri sulphas — v. Cupri, Cupri sulphas — v. Cy- 
 prium, Cupri sulphas — v. Ferri, Ferri sulphas — v. 
 Goslariense, Zinci sulphas — v. Martis, Ferri sul- 
 phas — V. Romanum, Cupri sulphas— v. Veneris, 
 Cupri sulphas — v. Viride, Ferri sulphas — v. Zinci, 
 Zinci sulphas. 
 
 VITRUM, Hy'alos, Glass, Brancia, (F.) Verre. 
 Glass, coarsely powdered, has been sometimes 
 used to remove specks of the cornea. 
 
 Powdered glass has been regarded, but erro- 
 neously, as a poison. It acts only mechanically. 
 
 The saline scum, which swims on glass when 
 first made, has been used in tooth-powders. It is 
 called Sandiver, Sel de verve. Glass Gall, Fel 
 vitri, ScG. 
 
 Vitrum Antimonii, see Antimonii vitrum — v. 
 Hypoclepticum, Separatorium — v. Oculare, see 
 Spectacles — v. Sublimatorium, Aludel. 
 
 VITTA, Bandelette, Caul. 
 
 VITTARIA CETERACH, Asplenium cete- 
 rach. 
 
 VITTIE VAYR^ Andropogon muricatus. 
 
 VIVACE, from vivax, vivacis, [vivere, 'to 
 live,') 'living long, tenacious of life.' An epithet 
 given by Levret to uterine polypi, which he con- 
 siders to be, commonly, vegetations of some ulcer 
 in the interior of the uterus, and incurable. 
 
 VIV^SECTIO, Vivisection. 
 
 VIVERRA CIVETTA, see Civetta. 
 
 VIVIPARE, Viviparous. 
 
 VIVIPARITE, see Viviparous. 
 
VIVIPAROUS 
 
 972 
 
 VOMICA 
 
 VIVIP'AROUS, (F.) Vivipare, from viviis, 
 'alive,' and pario, 'I bring forth.' An epithet 
 applied to animals whose young are brought forth 
 detached, without requiring to be hatched, as in 
 the OL-ip((rous. The condition may be termed 
 Vivi}>'iir(insiies8, (F.) Vivijmrite. See Generation. 
 VIVIPAROUSNESS, see Viviparous. 
 VIVISECTION, Vivisee'tio, Vivasec'tio, Bio- 
 tom'ia, from vivus, 'alive,' and secare, sectum, 'to 
 cut' The act of opening or dissecting living 
 animals. One who performs vivisections is a 
 viviseetor. 
 
 VOCAL, Oral— V. Cords, see Cords, vocal — v. 
 Ligaments, see Cords, Vocal — v. Tube, see Tube, 
 vocal. 
 
 VOCALIS, Vowel. 
 
 VOCE DI PETTO, see Voice — ??. di Testa, 
 see Voice. 
 
 VOICE, Vox, Aude, Phone, (F.) Voix, from 
 vocare, 'to name, to call.' An appreciable sound 
 produced by the air, when driven from the lungs, 
 throwing the inferior ligaments of the glottis into 
 vibration. The function by which this is effected 
 has been called Phomi'tiun. It is a function of 
 animal life; and, in animals, is limited to the 
 production of the simple or imstinct'ive voice, as 
 well as in the idiot; but, in intellectual man, be- 
 comes much more complicated and articulated, — 
 an evidence of his intellectual superiority. 
 
 Voice, Artic'tjlated, Speech, Loque'la, Glossa, 
 Glotta, La'lia, Phrasis, (F.) Parole, Voix articu- 
 lee, is the voice as produced by the glottis, modi- 
 fied by the motions of the tongue, lip, and other 
 parts of the vocal tube. Most physiologists agree 
 in regarding the glottis, or the space between 
 the thyro-arytenoid ligaments plus the ligaments 
 themselves, as the part where vocal sounds are 
 formed; but the mechanism of this formation is 
 a matter of dispute. The greater part of indivi- 
 duals regard the glottis and its ligaments, with 
 the vocal tube, or the space which the sound has 
 to traverse after it is produced in the glottis, as 
 a reed instrument, like the clarionet, the inferior 
 ligaments of the glottis constituting the reed. In 
 speech, as ordinarily effected, the tongue, lips, 
 teeth, &e., are concerned, but there are some 
 authentic cases on record, where it has been ac- 
 complished after the tongue has been removed. 
 In such cases, the articulated voice must have 
 been produced in the glottis alone, or in it aided 
 hy an obscure action of the parts above it. 
 
 The singing voice is not limited to the larynx ; 
 the pharynx would seem to be concerned also. 
 The notes that are produced in the latter have 
 been termed siqjra-laryvgeal, or notes of the second 
 register. They constitute the pharyngeal voice, 
 falsetto or faucette voice or voce di testa (I.), 
 Voix de tete, Voix de/ausset (F.). The laryngeal 
 voice or voice of the first register, Chest voice, is 
 the Voce di Petto (I.), Voix de Poitrine (F.). 
 The laryngeal voice, which is always more ele- 
 vated, by an octave, in the female than in the 
 male, furnishes the types called Soprano, Alto or 
 Contralto, Tenor and Bass. The first two belong 
 to the female voice; the last two to the male. 
 The Baritone is between the bass and tenor. 
 
 Voice, Bleating, Egophony — v. Cavernous, 
 Pectoriloquy — v. Chest, see Voice, articulated. 
 
 Voice, Chol'eric, Vox Choler'ica. The pecu- 
 liar husky voice of those affected with cholera. 
 
 Voice, Convul'sive, Vox convulsi'va, (F.) 
 Voix convulsive. A neurosis of the voice, con- 
 sisting in the production of discordant sounds — 
 acute and grave — which cannot be brought to the 
 natural tones by any efi'ort of volition. It seems 
 to be caused by disordered contraction of the 
 muscles of the larynx. 
 
 Voice, Falsetto, see Voice — v. Goat's, Ego- 
 phony — V. Laryngeal, Laryngophony, see Voice 
 
 — V. Pharyngeal, see Voice — v. Tracheal, Laryn- 
 gophony. 
 
 VOIE, Way. 
 
 VOTES DIGESTIVES, Ways, digestive — i;. 
 Lacrymales, Lachrymal passages — v. Premieres, 
 Ways, digestive — v. Secondes, Ways, second — v. 
 Urinaires, Urinary passages. 
 
 VOILE DU PALAIS, Velum pendulum pa- 
 lati — V. Medullaire inferieure, Velum medullare 
 inferius — v. Mididlaire supSrieure, Valvula 
 Vieussenii. 
 
 VOIX, Voice — V. Aigre, see Acid — ii. Articu- 
 lee. Voice, articulated, Pectoriloquy — v. Boiir- 
 donnante, see Resonance — v. Bronchique, Re- 
 sonance — V. Oaverneuse, Pectoriloquy — v. Chi- 
 vrotante, Egophony — v. Egophonique, Egophony 
 — V. de Fausset, see Voice, articulated — v. de Poi- 
 trine, see Voice, articulated — v. de PoUchinelle, 
 Egophony — v. Senile, Egophony — v. de Tete, see 
 Voice, articulated — v. Tubaire, see Resonance. 
 VOLA, Palm— V. Manfts, Palm— v. Pedis, Sole. 
 VOLANT B'EAU, Nympbsea alba. 
 VOLATICA, Lichen. 
 
 VOLATILIZA'TION, Volatilisa'tio, Volatiaa'- 
 tio, from volare, ' to fly.' The operation of redu- 
 cing volatilizable substances into gas or vapour. 
 VOLATISATIO, Volatilization. 
 VOLIT"ION, Volif'io, from volo, 'to will.' 
 The act of willing. Hence ; 
 
 VOLIT"IONAL, relating to volition. Thus 
 the muscles may be moved by a volitional or by 
 an emotional impulse. 
 VOLNUS, AVound. 
 VOLONTAIRE, Voluntary. 
 FOiOiVyi^, Voluntas. 
 
 VOLSELLA, Aeanthobolos, Forceps, Madiste- 
 rium — V. Patini, Valet a Patin. 
 VOLTAISM, Galvanism. 
 VOLTUS, Countenance, Face. 
 VOL'UNTARY, Hecu'sius, VoUmta'rius, (F.) 
 Volontaire, from voluntas, 'will.' Relating to the 
 will; as ' voluntary m\xs,<i\es ;' muscles which act 
 in obedience to the will. 
 
 VOLUNTAS, Volen'tia. Arbit'rium, Cupid'- 
 itas, Boule'sis, Bide'sis, Thele'ma, (F.) Volonti, 
 from volo, 'I will.' Will or desire. 
 
 Volun'tas seu Cupid'itas Desedend'i, Lubi'- 
 do intesti'ni. The desire to go to stool. 
 VOLVA, Vulva. 
 
 VOLVULUS, Ileus — v. Intestinorum, Intus- 
 susceptio. 
 
 VOMENDI CONAMEN INANE, Vomituri- 
 tion. 
 
 VOMER, 'a ploughshare;' Os vo'meris, Os 
 maxill'a superio'ris nndec"imum, Ara'trum. One 
 of the bones of the face, so called from its resem- 
 blance. It is an azygous bone, forming the pos- 
 terior part of the septum narium. It is thin, flat, 
 and quadrilateral ; and is articulated, below, to 
 the superior maxillary and palatine bones; and 
 above, to the sphenoid, ethmoid, and cornets of 
 Bertin. It is developed by a single point of os- 
 sification. Also, the penis. 
 
 VOM'ICA, Pyocys'tis, from vomere, 'to vomit,' 
 'to cast up.' (F.) Vomique, Crachement de pus. 
 A term used by some authors for any encysted 
 collection of purulent matter in the interior of a 
 viscus. The acceptation is commonly, however, 
 restricted to purulent collections in the lungs, 
 encysted or not, which may be discharged by the 
 mouth, by breaking into the bronchial tubes. 
 Two kinds of vomicEe are distinguished; the one 
 caused by the softening or breaking down of 
 pulmonary tubercles ; the other, of much more 
 rare occurrence, formed by a circumscribed abscess 
 of the lungs. Instead of opening into the bron- 
 chia, the abscess is sometimes discharged into the 
 cavity of the pleura, causing empj^ema. 
 
VOMICINE 
 
 973 
 
 VULVA 
 
 VOMICINE, Brucia. 
 
 FOJ//Qf/A', Vomica. 
 
 VOMIQUIER, Strychnos nux vomica. 
 
 VOMISSEMENT, Vomiting — t;. de Sang, 
 Hfematemesis. 
 
 VOMIT, Emetic — V. Black, Fever, yellow, 
 Melaena. 
 
 Vomit, Dry, of Marriott. A once celebrated 
 emetic, called 'drj',' from its having been given 
 without solution. It consisted of equal portions 
 of tartrate of antimony and potassa, and sulphate 
 of copper. 
 
 VOMITIF, Emetic. 
 
 VOMITINE, Emetine. 
 
 VOM'ITING, Vom'itus, Vomit"io, Vomit"iim, 
 Vom'itum, Evoinit"io, Ana'trope, Em'esis, Palnuis 
 vom'itus, ^gritu'do ventric'nli, Spewing, Pitking, 
 Sickness of the Stomach, (Old Eng.) Parbreaking, 
 (So.) Bokking, Backing, Braking, Brocht, (Prov.) 
 Hull'uping, (vulg.) Casca'ding, Casting, (F.) Vo- 
 missement, from vowere, vomituni, 'to throw up.' 
 The act by which solids and liquids, contained in 
 the stomach, are ejected by the mouth. Vomit- 
 ing is the effect of some special irritation of the 
 nerves of the stomach, calling, by reflex action, 
 on the appropriate muscles to expel the contents 
 of the viscus. It is not accomplished solely by 
 the contraction of the stomach, as was for a long 
 time believed. That organ, indeed, assists in the 
 process; but the main cause is the compression 
 exerted upon the parietes of the viscus by the 
 diaphragm and abdominal muscles. Vomiting is 
 a symptom common to numerous diseases. At 
 times, it is sympathetic, as in affections of the 
 kidney, uterus, brain, &c. At others, it is symp- 
 tomatic, as in gastritis, peritonitis, &c. When 
 very troublesome, it may often be palliated by 
 effervescent draughts, aromatics, sinapisms, or 
 blisters to the epigastric region, ifec. 
 
 Vomiting at Pleasure, Kegurgitation — v. 
 of Blood, Hsematemesis — v. Stercoraceous, Co- 
 premesis. 
 
 VOMITIO, Vomiting — v. Sanguinis, Hsemate- 
 
 TnftSTS. 
 
 VOMITIUM, Vomiting. 
 
 VOMITO NEGRO, Fever, yellow — v. Prieto, 
 Fever, yellow. 
 
 VOMITORIUM, Emetic. 
 
 VOMITORY, Emetic. 
 
 VOMITUM, Vomiting. 
 
 VOMITURIT"ION, Vomitnrit"io,Emes'in, Dy- 
 semes'ia, Subver'sio stom'achi. Same etymon as 
 Vomiting. Ineffectual efforts to vomit ; Vonien'- 
 di cona'men ina'ne, Betching, Reaching, Henv' - 
 ing, (Old Eng.) Bolke, (Sc.) Bok, Bock, Braking. 
 Some authors mean, by this term, a vomiting of 
 but little matter, or that which is effected almost 
 without effort. The first acceptation is the most 
 general. 
 
 VOMITUS, Vomiting— V. Cruentus, H^mate- 
 mesis — v. Fseculentus, Copremesis — v. Marinus, 
 Nausea marina — v. Navigantium, Nausea marina 
 — V. Niger, Fever, yellow — v. Pituitosus, Blenne- 
 mesis — v. Profusus, Hyperemesis — v. Purulentus, 
 Pyemesis — v. Sanguinis, Hsematemesis — v. Ster- 
 coris, Copremesis. 
 
 VOORARA, Curare. 
 ' VOTIVE TABLET, Tabula votiva. 
 
 VOUACAPUA AMERICANA, Geoffreea in- 
 ermis. 
 
 VOUSSURE PRECORDIALE, ' Prse cor- 
 dial arching or prominence." The elevation or 
 arching of the parietes of the thorax, witnessed 
 in certain thoracic affections, as in hypertrophy 
 (;f the heart. 
 
 VOTJTE, Vault — v. Bfedullaire, Corpus cal- 
 losum — V. cL Trois PiJiers, Fornix. 
 
 VOWEL, Voca'lis, from Latin vox, vocis, 'the 
 
 voice,' and I'oco, ' to call.' (F.) Voyelle. Physi- 
 ologieallj', a continuous breath or sound, produced 
 in the glottis ; but more or less modified by the 
 form of the vocal tube, through which it has to 
 pass. In the English language, o, e, i, o, v, lo, 
 and y, are vowels. 
 
 VOX, Voice — V. Cholerica, Voice, choleric — 
 V. Clangosa, Oxyphonia — v. Convulsiva, Voix 
 Convulsive — v. Nasalis, Rhinophonia— v. Raucii, 
 Raucedo, Raucous voice — v. Raucisona, Raucous 
 voice. 
 
 VOYELLE, Vowel. 
 
 VUE, Vision — v. Basse, Mj'opia — v. Courte, 
 Myopia — v. Biurne, Henieralopia — v. Faible, 
 Amblyopia — v. Longue, Presbytia — v. Louche, 
 Strabismus — v. Nocturne, Nyctalopia. 
 
 VULGA, Vulva. 
 
 yULNBRA SCLOPETARIA, see Wound — 
 V. a Sclopetis, see Wound. 
 
 VULNERAIRE, Vulnerary — v. Suisse, see 
 Falltranck. 
 
 VULNERARIUS, Traumatic. 
 
 VUL'NERARY, Vnlnera'riiis, Traumat'icus, 
 Troumat'ie, from vuhnis, vvlneris, ' a wound.' (F.) 
 Vidneraire. A name applied by the ancients to 
 medicines, which they considered capable of fa- 
 vouring the consolidation of wounds. The pro- 
 perty has been ascribed to various plants. 
 
 VULNERATIO NERVL Neurotrosis. 
 
 VULNERUM VINCTURA, Deligation. 
 
 VULNUS, Wound — v. Laceratum, see Lace- 
 ration — V. Selopetarium, Wound, gun-shot — v. 
 Simplex, Cut. 
 
 VULNUSCULUM, AVound. 
 
 VULPIS MORBUS, Alopecia. 
 
 VULTUEUX (¥.), Vultuo'sus. Corvisart has 
 used the expression, Face vultnetise, Fa'cies vul- 
 tno'sa, for the face when it is more florid and 
 swollen than in the natural state. This appear- 
 ance, which is observed in active aneurism of the 
 heart, according to Corvisart, is owing to the 
 afBux of blood into the arterial capillaries, and 
 hence differs from the livid and swollen appear- 
 ance caused by the accumulation of blood in the 
 venous capillaries, constituting the Face injectee. 
 
 VULTUS, Countenance, Face — v. Tetricus et 
 Moestus, Scythropasmus. 
 
 VULVA, Uterus, see Vulva. 
 
 Vulva, volva (formerly, the uterus, especially 
 of animals). Hortus, Cunnus, Puden'dum mxdie'- 
 bre, Sinus pudo'ris, Ictar, Choiros, Arvum, Bucca, 
 Bulga, Cadur'cus, Custos, Fenien, An'nulus, Femur 
 summum, Follic'idus, Fundus, Gre'mium, Hia'tus, 
 Lanu'vium, JVavis, Oppid'ulum, Specus, Vuhja, 
 Cymha, Cysthus, Saltus, Clitor'ium, Os'tium, Sul- 
 cus, Amphicaus'tis, Concha, Parous, Porta, luter- 
 femin' eum, 3fulie'bria, Fossa magna mulie'hris, 
 Episei'on, Es'chnra, Har'tulus cupid'inis, Bouha'- 
 lios, Byssos, Cava, Caver'na, Belphys, Delta, 
 Fav'ea, GyncBce'um, Loci nndie'bres. Female 
 puden'dum. Female organs of generation. Fe- 
 male parts, (F.) Vulve. A longitudinal opening 
 between the projecting parts of the external or- 
 gans of generation in the female, extending from 
 the mons veneris to the perineum, and which is 
 called, also, Fossa magna. Some anatomists 
 mean, by this term, the whole of the external 
 genital organs of the female : — mons veneris ; 
 labia majora, and the cleft or vestibule separating 
 them; the clitoris; nymphae ; meatus urinarius ; 
 entrance of the vagina; with the hymen or the 
 caruneulse myrtiformes, fossa navicularis and 
 fourchette. 
 
 VlTLVA, Fora'men commu'ne ante'rius. Iter seu 
 Ad'itus ad infundib'ulum, I. seu Ad'itus ad. ter'- 
 tium ventric'ulum, Rima ad infundib'ulum, Aper- 
 tu'ra ante'rior ventric'uli ter'tii eer'ebri. An 
 
VULVAIRE 
 
 974 
 
 WATER 
 
 opening situate at the junction of the optic tha- 
 lami, in the third ventricle of the brain, and im- 
 mediately beneath the anterior crus of the 
 fornix. 
 
 VUL VAIRE, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 
 VULVAR, Vulva' risjirom. vulva. That which 
 relates to the vulva. Chaussier gives this name 
 
 to the external pudic arteries, because they are 
 distributed to the vulva. 
 
 VULVARIA, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 
 VULVE, Vulva. 
 
 VULVI'TIS,ahybrid word, from o/Zi/a, and itis, 
 denotinginflammation. Inflammation ofthe vulva. 
 
 VULVO-UTERINE CANAL, Vagina. 
 
 w. 
 
 WABRAN LEAVES, Plantago. 
 WAD, Graphites. 
 WAHOO, see Euonymus. 
 WAIR, see Pila marina. 
 
 WAISTCOAT, STRAIT, Indu'cida, (F.) Ca- 
 viisole, Gilet de force. A dress, used for restrain- 
 ing maniacs, or those labouring under violent 
 delirium. It has long sleeves, which are tied 
 behind the body, so that the arms cannot be ex- 
 tricated from them. It ought, of course, to be 
 made of very resisting materials. 
 
 WAKE-ROBIN, Arum maculatum, Trillium 
 latifolium. 
 
 WALE, Wheal. 
 
 WALKING, Gressiig, Iitces'sus, Deavxhtda'tio, 
 Ambida'tio, Bad'isis, (F.) La Marche, Progres- 
 sion. Sax. Pealcan, ' to walk.' The action by 
 which we change place, by means of a succession 
 of steps in the same direction. In walking for- 
 wards, the centre of gravity is constantly altered; 
 and a series of small, parabolic curves is de- 
 scribed on the heads of the thigh-bones, the ex- 
 tent of which is regulated by volition, under the 
 guidance of vision. 
 
 WALLA'CHIA, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 There are many excellent sulphureous springs in 
 this countrj', especially those at Bobotsch, Fin- 
 ceschti, Sibitsehiudi Suz, Brasa, Otschin, Serbo- 
 neschte, Kimpalungi, Kosia, and Oloneschti, Cha- 
 lybeate and saline springs have, also, been found 
 at Sibitsehiudi Suz. — Siller. 
 
 WALLFLOWER, Cheiranthus cheiri. 
 WALLRUE, Asplenium ruta muraria. 
 WALL-TEETH, Molar teeth. 
 WALNUT, Juglans regia — w, Black, Juglans 
 regia — w. White, Jua:lans cinerea. 
 
 WALTHE'RIA DOURADINHA. A plant 
 of Brazil, Order, Sterculiacese, which is used 
 there in diseases of the chest, and in venereal 
 affections. It is a demulcent. 
 
 WALTON, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 mineral spring near Tewkesbury, in Gloucester- 
 shire, England. It is an acidulous chalybeate. 
 WAMPEE, Peltandra Virginica. 
 WANGTEETH, Molar teeth. 
 WANT, from past participle of Sax. panian, 
 ' to wane,' ' to fall away.' ' Need of that which is 
 necessary.' (F.) Besoin. This word is sometimes 
 used to express the imperious necessity which 
 impels us to take food, drink, &c. (See Hunger 
 and Thirst.) In a more general sense, it means 
 the impressions transmitted by the organs to the 
 brain, when it is necessary that they should act: 
 these wants are called instinctive desires and in- 
 ternal sensations or stimuli. Such are the desires 
 or wants to eat, drink, void the urine, breathe 
 (besoin de respirer), &c. 
 
 Want, in the sense of indigence, (L.) Egestas, 
 
 Indigen'tia, is the cause of a number of diseases. 
 
 WARBURG'S FEVER-DROPS, see Bebeeru. 
 
 WARD'S ESSENCE FOR THE HEADACH, 
 
 Linimentum camphorEe compositum — w. White 
 
 Drops, see Hydrargyri nitras. 
 
 WARE, see Pila marina. 
 
 WARISON, Stomach. 
 
 WARK, Pain. 
 
 WARMBRUNN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Much frequented springs in Silesia, about a 
 league from Hirschberg. They are thermal, 96° 
 to 100° Fah., and are chiefly used as baths. The 
 impregnating materials are carbonate of soda, 
 sulphate of soda, sulphate of lime, chloride of so- 
 dium, carbonate of magnesia, and sulphohydric 
 acid gas. 
 
 WARM SPRINGS, see Georgia, Mineral wa- 
 ters of, and Virginia, Mineral waters of. 
 
 WARNERA CANADENSIS, Hydrastis Cana- 
 densis. 
 
 WARRENTON SPRINGS, see Virginia, min- 
 eral waters of. 
 
 WART, Verruca — w. Corneous, Cornu — w 
 Moist, Acrothymion. 
 
 WARTY, Ver'rticose, Ver'rucous, Verrueo'sva, 
 from Sax. peapc. Full of warts. Resembling, 
 relating, or belonging to warts. 
 
 Warty Tumour of Cicatrices. A name given 
 by Mr. Howship to the tumour, which sometimes 
 appears on an old scar, many years, perhaps, after 
 the injury that caused it. The ulcer, formed 
 under such circumstances, has been called the 
 icarty idcer of 3Iarjolin — having been well de- 
 scribed by that surgeon. 
 
 WASH, BLACK, see Hydrargyri submurias — 
 w. Phagedenic, see Hydrargyri submurias — w. 
 Preventive, Lotion, Hannaj-'s — w. Red, Lotio 
 rubra, and Lotion, camphorated, of Bates — w. 
 White, Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus — w. 
 Yellow, see Hydrargyri oxymurias. 
 
 WASHERWOMAN'S SCALE, Psoriasis 
 diffusa. 
 
 AVASHITAW SPRINGS, see Arkansas, min- 
 eral waters of. 
 
 WASP, Vespa, SpJiesc, (F.) Guepe. A genus 
 of gregarious insects, like the bee and the ant. 
 They are armed with a sting, which pours a poi- 
 sonous fluid into the puncture made by it. (See 
 Poisons, Table of.) The best application is the 
 sp. ammoniee aromaticus, or some preparation of 
 ammonia. 
 
 WASSERBURG, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Wasserburg is a town of Bavaria, seated on the 
 Inn, 28 miles east of Miinich. The water, called, 
 also, Aqua Agu'tii, contains carbonic acid ; car- 
 bonates of lime and magnesia ; sulphates of lime 
 and magnesia; chloride of sodium, carbonate of* 
 soda and oxide of iron. 
 
 WASSERKUR, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 
 WASTING, Consumption, Tabes. 
 
 WATER, Sax. psetep, (G.) W a s s e r , Aqua, 
 Hydor, 'vSiap, Alma, (F.) Eau, Protovc'ide of hy- 
 drogen. Water was at one time regarded as a 
 simple element. It is now known to consist of 
 eight parts by weight of oxygen, and one of hy- 
 drogen. It freezes at 32°, and boils at 212 of 
 Fahrenheit; and is taken as the unit in all ta- 
 bles of specific gravity of solid and liquid sub- 
 
WATER 
 
 975 
 
 WATER 
 
 stances. AVater, as we meet with it, is very dif- 
 ferent in its state of purity ; generally, it contains 
 small quantities of saline matter; at other times, 
 as in sea-water and mineral waters, it is largely 
 impregnated. The characters of water, as met 
 with under ordinary circumstances, are well com- 
 pared by Celsus, "Aqua leviesima pluvialis est ; 
 deinde fontana ; turn ex Jlumine ; turn ex puteo ; 
 post hcBC ex nive, ant glacie ; gravior his ex laca; 
 gravissima ex palude." Pure water is one of the 
 best diluents that can be used. When cold, and 
 especially when iced, it is one of the most useful 
 refrigerants ; and, in the form of the cold, tepid, 
 and warm bath, it is serviceable in numerous 
 diseases. 
 
 Water of Aix-la-Chapelle, see Aix-la-Cha- 
 pelle — w. Allflower, Urine, cows' — w. Alum, 
 Bates's, Liquor aluminis compositus — w. of car- 
 bonate of Ammonia, Liquor ammonise subcarbo- 
 natis — w. Anise, sec Pimpinella anisum — w. Ap- 
 ple, Apple-tree — w. Barley, Decoctum hordei. 
 
 Water Bed, Hydrostat'ic bed. A bed, con- 
 trived by Dr. Arnott, which, in consequence of its 
 being placed on water, is well adapted for the 
 bedridden. 
 
 Water, Binelli, Aqua Binellii. 
 
 Water op Bitter Almonds, Aqua Amygdala- 
 rum eoncentrata. 
 
 Water Blebs, Pemphigus — w. Brash, Pyrosis. 
 
 Water, Brocchieri, Aqua Brocchierii — w. 
 Camphor, Mistura Camphorte. 
 
 Water Canker, Cancer aquaticus. 
 
 Water, Caraway, see Carum carui — w. 
 Caraway, strong, Spiritus carui — w. of Cassia, 
 see Laurus Cassia. 
 
 Water Caster, see Uromantia. 
 
 Water, Cherry Laurel, see Prunus lauro- 
 cerasus — w. Chicken, Chicken-tea — w. Chlorine, 
 see Chlorine — w. Cinnamon, Aqua cinnamomi — 
 w. Cinnamon, strong, Spiritus cinnamomi — w. 
 Cologne, Uau de Cologne. 
 
 Water Cure, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 
 Water, dill, see Anethum graveolens. 
 
 Water, Distil'led, Aqua destilla' ta, (¥ .) Eau 
 dUlillee, Hydrolat, Holy Water, is generallj' or- 
 dered in extemporaneous prescriptions, but is 
 rarely used. In some cases, however, it is abso- 
 lutely necessary ; — the water, containing any sa- 
 line impregnation — hard water, for example — de- 
 composes certain substances. Distilled water has 
 been recommended as a diet-drink in cancerous 
 affections ; and it is used in the religious ceremo- 
 nies of the Catholic church. In the Pharmaco- 
 poeia of the United States, it is directed to be 
 made as follows : — Take of icater, ten gallons. 
 First distil two pints, and throw them away ; 
 then distil eight gallons. Keep the distilled wa- 
 ter in glass bottles. 
 
 Distilled waters, (F.) Hydrolats, consist of 
 common water, charged by distillation with the 
 volatile principles of medicinal agents. See 
 Aquas deslillatea. 
 
 AVATETt-DOCTOR, See Uromantia. 
 
 Water-dkisssing. The treatment of wounds 
 and ulcers by the applicati(m of water. It gene- 
 rally consists in dipping folds of lint in water, 
 and placing them on the part: — the whole being 
 covered with oiled silk, elastic gum, or spongio- 
 piline. Water strapping or xoet stra-pying means 
 the treatment of ulcers, and certain cutaneous 
 affections of the extremities, &c., with strips of 
 linen or cotton saturated with water. 
 
 Water, Elder, see Sambucus — w. Epileptic, 
 of Langius, Langii aqua epileptica — w. Fennel, 
 Aqua foeniculi. 
 
 Water Flag, Yellow, Iris pseudacorus. 
 
 Water, Florida, — a celebrated perfume, — 
 may be made of 01. Bergarni f^iv; Tinct. ben- 
 zoin, c. f^ij ; Alcohol, cong. 
 
 Waterpiught, Hydrophobia. 
 
 Water, Goulard, Liquor plumbi subacetatis 
 dilutus. 
 
 Water, Hard. Common water, which de- 
 composes and curdles soap ; in contradistinction 
 to soft router, which is readily miscible with soap. 
 The hardness of water depends upon the pre- 
 sence in it of earthy salts, the most common of 
 which is sulphate of lime. 
 
 Water, Hell, see Toddy. 
 
 Water, Holy, Water, distilled — w. Honey, 
 see Mel. 
 
 Water in the Head, Hydrocephalus. 
 
 Water, Hungary, Spiritus rosmarini. 
 
 Water Jags, see Varicella. 
 
 AVater, Lake, Aqua ex lacn, (F.) Enu de lac, 
 is apt to be impure, from decayed animal and 
 vegetable matters. A great deal will, however, 
 depend upon the magnitude of the collection, 
 and the degree of stagnation. 
 
 Water, Laurel, see Prunus lauro-cerasus — 
 w. Lavender, Spiritus lavandulse — w. Lead, Li- 
 quor plumbi subacetatis dilutus — w. Lemonpeel, 
 see Lemonpeel Tea — -w. Lime. Liquor calcis — w. 
 Lime, compound, Liquor calcis compositus — w. 
 Magnesia, aerated, Magnesia, fluid — w. Magnesia, 
 carbonated. Magnesia, fluid. 
 
 Water, Marsh, Aqua pahido'sa, (F.) Eau de 
 Marais, is the most impure of all. It is generally 
 more stagnant, and of course more loaded with 
 decomposing animal and vegetable matters. 
 
 Water, Medicated, see Aquae medicatae. 
 
 Water, Mineral, Aqua minera'lis seu salii'- 
 hris seu medica'ta seu Sote'ria, Fans saluta'ris 
 seu medica'tus seu sote'rius, (F.) Eau minerale ou 
 mediciuale naturelle. Water, holding in solution 
 different saline and gazeous substances in sufii- 
 cient quantity to be possessed of medicinal pro- 
 perties, or of a temperature difi"erent from that of 
 the ordinnry springs of the country. 
 
 The following Table by Dr. Perairn exhibits 
 the composition of some of the principal mineral 
 waters. 
 
WATER, MINERxlL 
 
 97G 
 
 V,'ATER, MINERAL 
 
 TD 
 
 Ph 
 
 
 H 
 
 H 
 
 
 t?q 
 
 O 
 
 02 
 
 W 
 
 
 C5 
 
 ;=> 
 
 w 
 
 ;? 
 
 1— 1 
 H 
 
 o 
 
 1—1 
 
 CO 
 
 
 C/J 
 
 tz; 
 
 
 ►J 
 
 o 
 
 
 <! 
 
 CJ 
 
 M 
 
 P^ 
 
 
 H 
 
 &a 
 
 ft 
 
 
 ;s 
 
 w 
 
 O 
 
 >—( 
 
 
 P4 
 
 § 
 
 i^ 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 O 
 
 M 
 
 
 ^ S iJ 
 
 CO O — ' 
 
 o 'O.S .^ 
 
 
 n.s — 
 
 
 o cd" 
 
 ^5 
 
 
 
 
 "S u 
 
 o _2. 
 
 
 
 «■ cS 
 
 
 
 
 
 C 
 
 
 a « 
 
 o '^ 
 
 
 
 ^ tJJD 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C~J = 
 
 
 
 
 
 b 
 
 
 ° S 
 
 C3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (j 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 ci^ 
 
 -^13 
 
 
 
 
 
 .s 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 o to 
 
 .2 ca" 
 
 
 
 a) 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 "3 
 
 Ed 
 
 '1^ 
 
 estituta. 
 id 18.9 ; 
 0.56; 
 
 -a 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 0) 
 
 O 
 
 s 
 
 3 
 
 d 12.99. 
 d 6.0. 
 potash; 
 earson. 
 
 
 
 
 Ih- KJ 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 o o PU 
 
 M 
 
 
 to 5 
 a> o 
 
 C3 '5 
 
 
 
 
 XJl 
 
 CO OS'S ^ 
 
 
 "^^^ 
 
 
 
 "c^-^' 3 
 
 §. o o.H^" 
 
 
 -S o 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 cb'cq-S rt 
 
 JD.O iH o 
 
 
 „ J3 
 
 on as 
 ■ee ca 
 0.83; 
 2.37. 
 
 
 UJ 
 
 
 c ^ 
 
 . « c 
 
 
 
 C 3 
 o m 
 
 3. '2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 lumi 
 •ee c 
 ree c 
 losp 
 zote 
 
 
 
 life 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 <;&.S «3 
 
 -<fefneL,<J 
 
 
 '^^^^-W 
 
 
 N.^^/*^!.- 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 . . . . o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . . . . o? 
 
 z 
 
 • 
 
 
 co 
 CO 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 CO 
 
 
 
 ck, 1791 .. 
 rick, 1797 
 tner, 1823 
 zelius,1822 
 damore, 18 
 
 
 
 
 CI 
 
 .5 
 
 
 Vh 
 
 
 S g ^.£ "..J 
 
 H 
 
 -a 
 
 c 
 
 
 (H 
 
 
 -3 
 
 o E'-5 
 
 
 j3-i2.£ 
 
 
 .2 
 
 *- 
 
 S 
 
 k. 
 
 
 
 
 15 S3J2 Si2 a S ffl S 
 
 
 O 
 
 (- 
 
 w 
 
 m 
 
 
 m 
 
 QJaijOPHcapgeQpqoWma! 
 
 ■^lO-^cocoCTiiO'-Dt^criy:'^© 
 c^t^l^'»i<ocol^a>-^r-<o(>jf-- 
 
 cocQ(NTj^ocodo>a6o65.o<oc* 
 in ■* 'J' w (M — I --i 
 
 O C5!~-OOOCO <N 
 
 O (D^CO■-l^r-^f^ T»< 
 
 i-^o gdoMin^cdoodo 
 
 3 ° 
 
 ■-; CO 
 cd i-H 
 
 Tj- .— 1 lO CO ^H m CO 
 i-H o ^ o o —1 o 
 
 dddodd odooodo 
 
 rto.-Ji-iddododddd 
 
 00 \n 
 o c> 
 
 '^c-jto MOT o ooOTcoq 
 cvidosoindo'-'oddd'-i 
 
 co-*-#intN-*c\!coo;!. 
 
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 WATER 
 
 Mineral waters may be divided into four 
 classes : — 1. Gazeoua or Acidulous. 2. Chaly- 
 beate. 3. Saline. 4. Sulphureous. These may 
 be thermal, or cold, — natural, or artificial. 
 Many of these divisions, however, run into each 
 other; some of the substances, which they hold 
 dissolved, belonging to one class as well as to 
 another. 
 
 1. Ga'zeous, Acid'ulous or Car'honated Ilin'- 
 eral Waters, Soda or Beer Springs, Aqua mine- 
 ra'les acid'tda, (F.) Eaiix miiierales gazeuses ou 
 ficidules. The waters referred to this class are 
 those that contain carbonic acid gas in such 
 quantity as to communicate to it certain sensi- 
 ble qualities, AVaters impregnated with free car- 
 bonic acid, sparkle when drawn from the spring, 
 or when poured into a glass. . They have a sharp, 
 acidulous taste ; but become vapid from exposure 
 to the air. Along with the carbonic acid, there 
 are generally present portions of saline, earthy 
 or metallic matter, chiefly carbonates of lime, 
 magnesia, and iron. Waters, highly impregnated 
 with carbonic acid gas, are grateful to the sto- 
 mach; increase the appetite, and are diuretic; 
 hence, their utility in dyspepsia, hypochondria- 
 sis, and gout. Their properties are, of course, 
 modified by the saline matter that may be also 
 contained in them. The most celebrated amongst 
 the acidulous waters are those of Bar, Chateldon, 
 St. Myon, Mont d'Or, Langeac, Seltzer, Schlan- 
 genbad, Sultzmatt, Pyrmont, Spa, Carlsbad, 
 Cheltenham, Scarborough, Saratoga, Ballston, 
 and the Sweet Springs of Virginia. 
 
 2. Chalyh'eate or Ferru' ginous Mineral Wafers, 
 AqucB minera'les ferrxigino' sob seu Chalyhe.a' im 
 seu Martia'les sen Ferro'sa, Ohalyhope'gcB, Chali/- 
 hokre'nee, Siderope'gts, Siderokre'ncB, (F.) Eaux 
 miiierales ferrugineuses, contain iron — sulphate, 
 chloride or carbonate, generally the latter — held 
 in solution by an excess of acid. Chalybeate 
 waters have a peculiar styptic taste. They are 
 transparent when taken from the spring; but, 
 when exposed for some time to the air, a pellicle 
 forms on the surface, and a deposite of the iron 
 takes place. Chalybeate waters are used as 
 tonics in debility of all kinds ; in all cases, in 
 fact, where iron is considered to be indicated. 
 They are the most numerous of all the classes of 
 mineral waters. In this dictionary, those only 
 are specified which have some celebrity; yet there 
 are about one hundred ; more than sixty of these 
 being saline, and forty sulphureous. The most 
 celebrated chalybeates are those of Tunbridge, 
 Scarborough, Spa, Bussang, Forges, Vichy, Pyr- 
 mont, Passy, Provins, and Vals. 
 
 3. Saline Mineral Waters, Aqum minerales sa- 
 li'na, Amna alcaliza'ta (Paracelsus,) Hydralmas, 
 (F.) Eaux minSrales salines. Waters, holding in 
 solution different saline substances in greater 
 quantity than the acidulous waters. They differ 
 in properties, according to the salts contained in 
 them. The salts usually present are sulphates, 
 chlorides, and carbonates : and the bases, with 
 which the acids forming these are combined, are 
 soda, magnesia, and lime. Saline mineral waters 
 are usually aperient; and the most noted are 
 those of Seltzer, Sedlitz, Balaruc, Bourbonne-les- 
 Bains, Baden, Epsom, Cheltenham, &e. 
 
 To this class may also be added Sea water. 
 
 4. Sulphu'reous Mineral Waters, Aquce mine- 
 rales aulphu'recB ; when warm, termed Theio- 
 thermcB, Theiope'gcB, Theother'mcB, Fontes sulpha' ■ 
 rei cal'idi, (P.) Eaux minerales sulfurenses ou 
 sulfurees OU sulfurenses ou hepatiques, &c. These 
 waters owe their distinguishing character to an 
 impregnation of sulphuretted hydrogen, and are 
 at once recognised by their peculiar fetid smell, 
 resembling that of rotten eggs. They usually 
 contain saline substances, which modify their 
 
 powers. From the action of the sulphuretted hy- 
 drogen, they are useful in cutaneous aflfeetions; 
 and, from the combined action of this and the 
 saline matter, they are valuable agents in dis- 
 eases of the digestive organs. They are also 
 employed in cutaneous eruptions ; and the warm 
 sulphur baths have been especially celebrated in 
 such cases, as well as in rheumatic affections. 
 The most renowned sulphureous waters are those 
 of Bareges, Bagneres-de-Luchon, Cauterets, Bon- 
 nes, Aix in Savoy, Aix-la-Chapelle, Enghien, 
 Harrogate, Moffat, Virginia Springs, <Si;c. 
 
 Some springs, as those of Bath, Buxton, Dax, 
 Matlock, Warm and Hot Springs of Virginia, 
 &o., are almost pure Thermal Mineral Waters. 
 They are valuable agents in rheumatic affec- 
 tions ; the warmth being equable during the 
 whole period the individual is immersed in them ; 
 which cannot be the case in the artificial thermal 
 bath. 
 
 Water, Mineral, Acidulous water, simple. 
 
 Waters, Mineral, Artifical, (F.) Eaux 
 minerales artificielles on factices. These are imi- 
 tations of the natural; and some of them — as 
 the factitious Cheltenham water, and Sedlitz 
 water — answer the purpose of the natural water 
 tolerably well. The acidulous and chalybeate 
 waters are, however, most easily imitated. 
 
 Water, Nutmeg, Spiritus myristicse. 
 
 Water Pang, Pyrosis — w. Parsnep, creeping, 
 Sium— w. Pennyroyal, spirituous, Spiritus pulegii 
 — w. Peppermint, Aqua menthae piperitse — w. 
 Pimento, see Myrtus pimenta. 
 
 AVater Pox, see VaricelLa. 
 
 Water, Protoxide of Nitrogen, Aqua nitro- 
 genii protoxydi. 
 
 Water Pdrpie, Veronica beccabunga — w. 
 Qualm, Pyrosis. 
 
 Water, Rain, Aqua pulvia' lis seu plu'via seu 
 im'brium, (F.) Eau de pluie, when collected at a 
 distance from houses or other elevated objects, is 
 the purest natural water, and has the least spe- 
 cific gravity. The only bodies which it usually 
 holds in solution, are carbonic acid, and minute 
 traces of carbonate of lime and chloride of cal- 
 cium. 
 
 Water, Rice, see Oryza. 
 
 AVater, River, Aqua fiuoiat'ilia, is derived 
 from the conflux of numerous springs and rain 
 water. It is, generally, pretty pure. 
 
 Water, Rose, Aqua rosse. 
 
 Water, Sea, Aqua Mari'na, Humor Dor'idis, 
 (F.) Eau de Mer, Eaxi salee. This contains 
 chlorides of sodium, magnesium, and calcium, 
 and sulphate of magnesia. It is cathartic, and 
 forms the usual glyster at sea. It makes an excel- 
 lent tonic bath ; superior in most cases — especi- 
 ally in scrofula — to the fresh-water bath. 
 
 Water, Searle's Patent Oxygenoits Aer- 
 ated, Aqua Nitrogenii protoxydi — w. Seyds- 
 chiitz, Sedlitz water. 
 
 Water Shield, Brasenia hydropeltis. 
 
 Water, Snow, Aqua niva'ta, (F.) Eau de neige, 
 has usually been deemed unwholesome. It ex- 
 actly resembles rain water in composition, and is 
 equally salubrious. 
 
 Water, Soda, Acidulous water, simple — w. 
 Soft, see Water, hard — w. Spearmint, Aqua 
 menthae viridis. 
 
 Water, Spring, Aqua fonta'na, Hydrope'ge, 
 (F.) Eau de fontaine, contains, in addition to the 
 substances detected in rain water, more or less 
 sulphate of lime. When this is to such an ex- 
 tent as to curdle soap, the water is said to be 
 hard ; if not, soft. Hard water is, of course, 
 inferior to soft, for domestic and medicinal pur- 
 poses. 
 
 AVater Strapping, see Water dressing. 
 
 AVater, Styptic, Sydenham's, Solutio sul- 
 
WATTWEILER 
 
 979 
 
 WEIGHTS 
 
 phatis jupri composita — w. Tar, see Pinus sylves- 
 tris — w. Toast, see Toast- water. 
 
 Water Target, Brasenia hydropeltis. 
 
 Water, Well, Aqua putea'Us seu piitea'na 
 seu ex pu'teo, (F.) Eaa de puit ou de source, is 
 the same as spring water, but liable to impregna- 
 tion, owing to the land springs filtering into the 
 wells, and conveying impurities into them. 
 
 Waters, The, Liquor Amnii — w. Bag of, see 
 Liquor Amnii — w. Discharged or broken, Profusio 
 aquae— w. Distilled, Aqua? destillatoe — w. First, 
 Primitise — w. Green, see Lochia. 
 
 WATTWEILER, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Wattweiler is a small town in the department of 
 Haut-Rhin, at the foot of the Vosges. The wa- 
 ters are acidulous chalybeates, and contain car- 
 bonates of iron, lime, and soda, chloride of 
 sodium, and free carbonic acid. 
 
 WAX, Cera — w. Ear, Cerumen. 
 
 WAX, MYRTLE. A wax obtained from the 
 fruit of Myri'ca cerif'era. It has been prescribed 
 in dysentery. 
 
 Wax, Yellow and White, Cera flava et alba. 
 
 WAXING KERNELS, Waxen-kernels, Ores- 
 een'ticB, (F.) Croissances, Croissants, Glandes de 
 croissanee. A popular term for small tumours, 
 formed by an enlargement of the lymphatic 
 glands — in the groins of children particularly. 
 They have been looked upon as connected with 
 the growth of the body, — hence their name. 
 
 WAY, Saxon psej, Via, Passage, Odos, (F.) 
 Yoie. A name given to different canals. 
 
 WAYBREAD, Plantago major. 
 
 WAYS, DIGESTIVE, Digestive Pas' sages, 
 PrimcB Vice, {¥.) Voies digestives, Premieres voies, 
 are the series of hollow organs of digestion, com- 
 posed of mouth, oesophagus, stomach, and small 
 and large intestines. The term is often restricted 
 to the first three of these. 
 
 Ways, Second, Second Passages, Secun'dcB 
 vice, (F.) Secondes voies, comprise the chyliferous, 
 lymphatic and blood vessels. 
 
 WEAKSIGHTEDNESS, Asthenopia. 
 
 WEAL, WheaL 
 
 WEAM, Abdomen, Uterus. 
 
 WEAM-ILL, Colic. 
 
 WEANING, from Saxon penan, 'to wean;' 
 Ahlacta'tio, Apogalactiv'mus, (Prov.) Spaning, 
 (F.) Seorage. The act of depriving the infant, 
 permanently, of the breast, in order to feed it on 
 other and more solid nourishment. 
 
 Weaning Brash, see Brash, weaning. 
 
 WEARING, Consumption. 
 
 WEATHERCOCKS, Impatiens. 
 
 WEB, Caligo, Pterygium — w. Muscular, Pan- 
 niculus carnosus. 
 
 WEB-EYE, Caligo. 
 
 WEBBED FINGERS, Dactylion. 
 
 WEBERIAN CORPUSCLE, see Ejaculatory 
 Ducts — w. Organ, see Ejaculatory Ducts. 
 
 WEDGED, (D.) wegghe, Incln'sus, InJiee'- 
 rens, (F.) Enclave. The head of the foetus is said 
 to be wedged, locked or impacted in the pelvis, 
 when it remains fixed, notwithstanding the ute- 
 rine efforts. 
 
 The condition is called Tnennea'tio seu Incla- 
 va'tio fcefas, Spheno'sis, (F.) Enclavement. See 
 Paragomphosis. 
 
 WEEBO, Senecio Jacobaea. 
 
 WEED, see Mastitis — w. Arrow, Sagittaria va- 
 riabilis — w. Beetle, Galax aphylla — w. Breast, 
 Saururus cernuus — w. in the Breast, see Mas- 
 titis — w. Butter, Erigeron Canadense — w. Can- 
 cer, Goodyera pubescens — w. Dyer's, Reseda 
 luteola — w. Field, Anthemis cotula — w. Horse, 
 
 Erigeron Canadense — w. Horsefly, Sophora tine 
 toria — w. Milk, Apoeynum androsasmifolium — 
 w. Phthisis, Ludwigia palustris — w. Pride, Eri- 
 geron Canadense — w. Silver, Potentilla nnserina 
 — w. Soldiers', Matico — w. Thimble, RuMheckia 
 laciniata — w. Wind, Asclepias tuberutii. 
 
 WEEPING, Fletus— w. Tear, Tear. 
 
 WEESEL, Trachea. 
 
 WEID, see Mastitis. 
 
 WEIGHT, from Saxon, paesan, ' to weigh ;' 
 (F.) Pesanteur. A sensation of heaviness or 
 pressure over the whole body, or over a part — 
 the stomach or head, for example. 
 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, Pon'dera et 
 Mensxi'rtB, (F.) Poids et 3lesnres. The importance 
 of possessing a uniform system of weights and 
 measures has impressed the scientific of all coun- 
 tries, and numerous endeavours have been made 
 to accomplish the object. It is, however, a mat- 
 ter of considerable difficulty, and one not likely 
 to be attained. The new French measures are 
 upon decidedly the best footing, but the}' are not 
 adopted out of France. The greatest diversity 
 prevails over Europe in the measures, both of 
 weight and capacity. Some of the following 
 tables will show, that every subdivision of the 
 pound, as well as the pound itself, differs in Eng- 
 land and in France. 
 
 WEIGHTS. 
 
 Troy Weight, as used hy the British Apothecarien, 
 — Pondus p>harmaceu'ticv.in seu ntedicinale. 
 
 The pound lb "j 
 
 The oxince J ] 
 
 The drachm ^ j- contains -j 3 scruples. 
 
 The sci-vfAe^ I I 20 grains. 
 
 Tlhe' grain gr. J [ 
 
 These, and the signs by which they are denoted, 
 are the same in all the British Pharmacopoeias, 
 as well as in the American. 
 
 lb. Oz. Drachms. Scrup. Grs. 
 
 1 = 12 = 96 = 288 = 5760 
 
 1 = 8 = 24 = 480 
 
 1 = 3 = 60 
 
 1 = 20 
 
 Poids de Mare. 
 
 The pound "] f 16 ounces. 
 
 The ounce | | 8 drachms. 
 
 The drachm j- contains \ 3 scruple.';. 
 The scruple 24 grains. 
 
 The grain J [ 
 
 r 12 ounces. 
 I 8 drachms 
 
 Avoirdupois. 
 
 Pound. Ounces. Drachms. Trny grains. 
 m.l. = 16 = 256 =: 70.'if) 
 1 =: 16 = 4:i7'5 
 
 1 tz ■SrZm5 
 
 The avoirdupois drachm is sometimes divided 
 into three scruples, and the scruple into ten 
 grains. The pound of 7680 grains avoirdupois 
 = 7000 grains troy, and hence 1 grain troy = 
 •97 grain avoirdupois. 
 
 The Poids de Marc is that employed hy the 
 French Pharmaeiens, when the new weights are 
 not. The Avoirdupois is now used by the Dublin 
 College. 
 
 The following tables exhibit the relative value 
 of the old French and English weights : 
 
 Poids de Marc. Troy Wt. Avoird. Troy grs. 
 
 1 pd. (livre) — l-31268i6 = 1-080143» = 7561 
 1 oz. (once) = -98450402 = 1-O80143o2 = 472-562S 
 1 dr. (gros.) = •954504dr =: 59-0703125 
 
 1 gr. = ■820421 
 
WEIGHTS 
 
 980 
 
 WEIGHTS 
 
 Troy. Poids de Marc. French grains. 
 
 1 pound = 0-76180 ?6. = 7561 
 
 1 ounce = 1-01574 once — 585-083 
 
 1 drachm = 1-0157-i gros — 73-135 
 
 1 grain 1-219 
 
 Avoirdupois. Poids de Marc. French grains. 
 
 1 pound = 0-9-25803 lb. = 8532-3 
 1 ounce = 0-925803 once =z 533-27 
 
 Xo convert French grains into Troy "| 
 
 grains, divide by [ i.oioq 
 
 « Troy grains into French | ^ ^'■"^ 
 
 grains, multiply by J 
 " French ounces into Troy "i 
 
 ounces, divide by ( i.nij;— ji 
 
 « Troy ounces into French [ ■i^-^^''^* 
 
 ounces, multiply by J 
 " French pounds (paids de ~| 
 
 marc) into Troy pounds, 
 
 multiply by t 1-3126S 
 
 '• Troy pounds into French I 
 
 pounds, divide by J 
 
 Poids de Marc en' 
 
 Troy grain. French grain. 
 
 1 = 1-219 
 
 2 = 2-438 
 
 3 = 3-657 
 
 4 = 4-876 
 
 5 = 6-095 
 
 6 = 7-314 
 
 7 = 8-533 
 
 8 = 9-752 
 
 9 = 10-971 
 
 French grain. Troy grain. 
 
 1 =: 0-8203 
 
 2 = 1-6406 
 
 3 =: 2-4609 
 
 4 = 3-2S12 
 
 5 =: 41015 
 
 6 = 4-9218 
 
 7 = 5-7421 
 
 8 = 6-5624 
 
 9 = 7-3827 
 
 NetD French Decimal or Metrical Weights. 
 
 Troy grains. 
 Milligramme ■=■ -0154 
 
 Centigramme — -1543 
 
 Decigramme =^ 1-5434 
 
 Gramme — 15-4340 lb. oz. dr. gr. 
 
 Decagramme zr 154-3402 = 2 34-4 
 Hectogramme — 1543-4023 = 3 1 44-4 
 Kilogramm.e =: 15434-0234 = 2 8 1 24 
 Myriagramme — 154340-2344 = 26 9 6 
 
 Comparative Value of the French Medicinal 
 Pound and that of other Places. 
 
 lbs. oz. dr. gr. 
 
 Germany 15 4 48 
 
 Amsterdam 1 00 42 
 
 Belgium 1 00 42 
 
 Berne 1 00 00 
 
 Copenhagen 15 3 201^ 
 
 Florence 11 50 divided into 12 oz. 
 
 Genoa 10 5 60 do. into 12 oz. 
 
 Geneva 1 00 18 
 
 Hamburg 15 2 15 
 
 Lisbon 15 7 68 
 
 London 12 3 12 divided into 12 oz. 
 
 Madrid 15 16 
 
 Milan 9 3 00 
 
 Monaco 15 2 23 
 
 Naples 10 7 54 divided into 12 oz. 
 
 Paris 1 00 00 divided into 16 oz. 
 
 Rome 11 50 do. into 12 oz. 
 
 Stockholm 13 7 8 
 
 Jnited States ... 12 3 12 divided into 12 oz. 
 
 Warsaw 1 10 4 24 
 
 Venice 8 6 00 
 
 Vienna 1 2 2 32 
 
 MEASURES OF CAPACITT. 
 
 English Measure of Fluids. 
 
 The gallon (congius). "] r 8 pints. 
 
 The pint (octarius).. 1 16 fluidounces. 
 
 the fluidounce f,^ I contains ■; 8 fluidrachms. 
 
 The fluidrachm f ,!^ [ j 60 minims. 
 
 Themim'm Tl^ I |_ 
 
 Proportions of the Apothecaries' andWine Gallon. 
 
 Gal. Pints. Fluidoz. Fluidr. Minims. Cub. inches. 
 ] = 8 zz 128 =: 1024 — 61440 = 231 
 
 1 — 16= 128 = 7680 = 28-875 
 1 = 8 n 480 = 1-8047 
 
 1 = 60 = -2256 
 
 Imperial Measure, adopted by tne London Col- 
 lege in their Pharmacopoeia of 1836. 
 
 Gallon. Pints. Fluidounces. 
 
 1 zr 8 = 160 = 
 
 1 = 20 = 
 
 1 =: 
 
 Fluidr. Minims. 
 
 1280 =: 76800 
 
 160 =: 9600 
 
 8 = 480 
 
 1 = 60 
 
 Comj^arative Value of the Proportions of the 
 Wine and Imperial Gallons. 
 
 Wine. 
 
 Imperial. 
 
 
 Pints 
 
 Fluidoz. Fluidr. 
 
 Minims. 
 
 1 gallon =: 6 
 1 pint r; 
 1 fluidounce — 
 1 fluidrachm =i 
 
 13 2 
 
 16 5 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 23 
 18 
 20 
 2K 
 
 Imperial. 
 
 GalUm. 
 
 Wine. 
 Pint. Fluidoz. Fluidr 
 
 Minims. 
 
 1 gallon = 1 
 1 pint = 
 1 fluidounce r= 
 1 fluidrachm = 
 
 19 5 
 13 1 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 38 
 
 41 
 58 
 
 French Pleasures of Capacity. 
 English cubic inches. 
 
 Millllitre 
 
 Centilitre 
 
 Decilitre 
 
 Litre 
 
 Decalitre 
 
 Hectolitre 
 
 Kilolitre 
 
 ■061028 
 
 ■610280 
 
 6-102800 
 
 61-028000 
 
 010-280000 
 
 6102 800000 
 
 61028-000000 
 
 Wine Measure. 
 16-2318 minims. 
 2-7053 fluidrachms. 
 3-3816 fluidounces. 
 2-1135 pints. 
 2-6419 gallons. 
 
 Myrialitre = 610280-000000 
 
 pj^roximate comparison heticeen the ancient 
 French Pleasures of Capacity, and the new, 
 and conversely. 
 
 Grammes. Litres. Decilitres. Centilitres. 
 
 I poisson =z 125 or 1 2 
 
 1 demi-setier = 250 or 2 5 
 
 1 ckopine =■ 500 or 5 
 
 Ipinte = 1000 or 1 
 
 Grammes, lbs. oz. dr. gr. 
 1 centmtre = 10 or 2}^ 00 
 
 1 decilitre = 100 or 3 2 00 [pints. 
 
 1 litre = 1000 or 2 3 36 = 2-113 Eng. -wine 
 
 JIfeasures of Length. 
 
 Inches. 
 1 line, the 12th part of an inch. 
 
 3 barleycorns 1-000 
 
 A palm or hand's breadth (Scripture mea- 
 sure) 3-648 
 
 A hand (horse measure) 4-000 
 
 A spa7i (Scripture measure) 10-944 
 
 Afoot 12000 
 
 A cubit (Scripture measure for common 
 
 purposes) 18000 
 
 A cubit (Scripture measure for sacred pur- 
 poses) 21-888 
 
 A Flemish ell 27-000 
 
 A yard 3 ft. 00 
 
 AuEnglishell 3" 09 
 
 A fathom or toise 6 " 00 
 
 New French Measures of Length. 
 
 Ei 
 
 iglish inches. 
 
 
 
 
 MUlimitre 
 Centimetre 
 Decimetre 
 Metre 
 
 0-039 
 0-393 
 3-937 
 39-371 = 
 
 yd. 
 
 1 
 
 ft. 
 
 
 inch. 
 3-37 
 
WEIGHTS 
 
 981 
 
 WEIGHTS 
 
 VALUES OF THE GRECIAN, ROMAN, AND ARABIAN 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES IN POIDS DB MARC. 
 
 1. Weights of the Ancient Greeks. 
 
 lbs. oz. dr. gr. 
 
 Ihe talent {raXavTov) 54 2 5 24 
 
 ThemMa(,,va) 14 3 40 
 
 The d?-ac/tm (^pav/ii?) 1 H 
 
 The obolus {ofio\os) 13 
 
 The ceration (xtpaTtov) 4 
 
 The chalcus (yaXKovs) 2 
 
 The septon (atTVTOv) J^ 
 
 2. Weights of the Ancient Romans. 
 
 oz. dr. gr. 
 
 The pound (libra) 10 6 48 
 
 The ounce {uncia) 7 16 
 
 Th&dvdla 2 29 
 
 The Hdlicus 1 58 
 
 The sextula 1 14 
 
 The consular denier, denarius 1 2 
 
 The imperial denier or drachm, drachma 60 
 
 The victoriatus 37 
 
 The scriptulum or scruple 21 
 
 The obolus 11 
 
 The siliqua 4 
 
 The Greeks divided their obolus into chalci 
 and lepta : some divided it into 6 chalci, and 
 each chalcus into 7 lepta; others into 8 chalci, 
 and every chalcus into 8 lepta or minuta. 
 
 Dr. Milligan, in his edition of Celsus, gives the following table, exhibiting the Troy Tpeight of 
 measures of capacity and of weight in use amongst the Romans. 
 
 r4 — 
 
 Libra. 
 
 80 
 40 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 Uncia. 
 = 960 
 = 480 
 = 120 
 = 20 
 = 12 
 
 Denarius. Scrupzdus. 
 =6720 = 20160 
 10080 
 
 3360 
 
 840 
 
 140 
 
 84 
 
 60 
 
 Urna. 
 
 Amphora 2 n 
 
 Urna 1 = 
 
 Congius 
 
 Sextarius 
 
 Libra 
 
 Hemina 8 4-7 = 
 
 Acetabulum 21-7 = 
 
 Sesqui-cyathus 21-7 = 
 
 Cyalhus 1 3-7 = 
 
 Sescuncia IJ^ = 
 
 Uncia 1 ~ 
 
 Cochleare 2}4 = 
 
 Drachma 1 z= 
 
 Denarius 1 = 
 
 Scrupulus , 
 
 Scrupulus dimidiatus 3^ 
 
 Obolus 
 
 Sextans 
 
 Chalcus 
 
 15 = 
 15 = 
 10 = 
 
 101^ = 
 7 = 
 
 2540 
 
 420 
 
 252 
 
 180 
 
 . 45 
 
 45 
 
 SO 
 
 31M 
 21 
 
 7M 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 ... 1 
 
 Sextans. 
 z 40320 
 = 26160 
 z 5040 
 r 840 
 = 504 
 = 360 
 
 Chalcus. 
 r 403200 
 I 210600 
 = 5D400 
 : 8400 
 z 5040 
 = SBOO 
 = 900 
 z 900 
 : 600 
 : 630 
 = 420 
 : 150 
 = 60 
 : 60 
 = 20 
 = 10 
 = 10 
 z 10 
 1 
 
 Ch-ana. 
 
 420480 
 
 210240 
 
 : 52920 
 
 8760 
 
 5256 
 
 3759 
 
 939 
 
 9S9 
 
 626 
 
 657 
 
 438 
 
 150 
 
 62 4-7 
 
 62 4-7 
 
 10^ 
 101^. 
 
 iojl 
 
 1 1-30 
 
 He gives also the following 'Carmen Ilnemoni- 
 cum,' which exhibits the analogies of the Roman 
 and British imperial weights. 
 
 So !{)e conjjfujEf anli Qallon, earl), ten pountrs 
 
 alloto, 
 ®n tje Imsljcl anlj ampljora cislitn ftfstoto ; 
 3Svome's pountt, as in Slrog iueiQljt, ttnelbe 
 
 ounces obtains, 
 38ut fecr ounce Is StbotrUu^ofs, strictlg, fn 
 
 Qtains : 
 SBenarii "Drams, scru|)lcs srrupit "Qeffnc, 
 Se^itarfus anstoers to our bottle of toine, 
 ^nti tfje mna's a stoct jjint — fourteen ounces 
 
 fn fine. 
 
 3. Weights said to he of the Arabians, Modern 
 Greeks, and Latins of the barbarous periods of 
 the Middle Ages. 
 
 The alchemicn 14 
 
 The manes or aminos 10 
 
 Sacros, a-^gbhen, adar, assatil 
 
 The great or roi/al nut 
 
 The sextarius, stater 
 
 The lesser md 
 
 Aliovanus 
 
 Aureus, Alcobolus 
 
 The hazel nut, bendacate, holca, alchi, dar- 
 
 chimi, atogochilos, olnginat, naback 
 
 The acorn, lupine, Egyptian or Syrian bean, 
 
 the bachU 
 
 The Alexandrian bean or tremessis 
 
 The Greek bean or gramme, the Tcermet. go- 
 
 num., harmi, gracchus 
 
 Tbe ring, cumulus, seminet, onolosich, ono- 
 
 lossat 
 
 The danich 
 
 The ki7-at, alkHat, kararit 
 
 dr. 
 
 gr. 
 
 3 
 
 40 
 
 6 
 
 28 
 
 7 
 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 44 
 
 3 
 
 44 
 
 2 
 
 50 
 
 2 
 
 29 
 
 2 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 
 42 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 21 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 4 
 
 1. Greek Measures. 
 
 Ihs. oz. dr. gr. 
 
 The metretes (ixcTpnrris} 84 4 3 00 
 
 The chus, choa, congius (xovi) 7 2 66 
 
 Tbe xestes (^t(jTVi) 1 1 7 44 
 
 The cotyla {KOTvy.n) ^ "^ 58 
 
 The tetarton (rs^TapTov) 4 3 65 
 
 The oxybaphon (o^vIS a tpov) 2 1 69 
 
 The cyaihos (Kvados) 1 4 00 
 
 The concha (KoyXv) 6 00 
 
 The myslron (ijiverpov) 3 00 
 
 The chama minor (xi]pfj) 2 00 
 
 The cochliar ion (koX^i lip toy) 1 00 
 
 2. Roman Pleasures of Capacity. 
 
 lbs. oz. dr. gr. 
 
 The amphora OT cadus 56 2 
 
 Theurna 28 1 
 
 The congius 7 
 
 The sextarius 1 4 
 
 The hemina , 
 
 The quarlarius 
 
 The acetabulum , 
 
 The cyat/tus or small glass., 
 The ligula or spoonful , 
 
 7 24 
 
 3 48 
 
 2 66 
 7 44 
 1 18 
 45 
 
 4 23 
 
 5 30 
 
 3 24 
 
 .3. 3feasures said to be of the Arabian, Arubisi, 
 and Latin Physicians of the Middle Ages. 
 
 lbs. oz. dr. gr. 
 
 The missohacs vreigheA 3 8 
 
 Ahen, kirt, ejub. eberia, or Rcrnian mina, 1 6 
 
 The phial, haffilius, or hassUinus 10 
 
 The calix ov^rejelati 5 
 
 The handful, pugillum, cornusum, 3 
 
 The Itass^/f, aesasse, or anesime 2 
 
 The conos or coatus, alcantus or almunesi, 
 
 brittle cualms 1 
 
 The lesser bachates 
 
 The largest spomiful 
 
 A spoonful 
 
 The colanos or reclanarium 
 
 A small spoonful or fiagerina., or cyanes, 
 The smallest spoo7iful or fahaliel 
 
 1 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 2 
 
 68 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 34 
 
 5 
 
 56 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 1 
 
 52 
 
 1 
 
 2,S 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
WEILBACH 
 
 982 
 
 WHITLOW 
 
 A good section on weights and measures is 
 contained in the edition of " The Seven Books 
 of Paulus M^ineta," by Mr. Francis Adams, 
 published by the Sydenham Society of London, 
 voL iii. p. 609, London, 1847. 
 
 Besides the weights and measures above men- 
 tioned, employed by the moderns, there are modes 
 of estimating the quantities of substances by ap- 
 proximation. For example : — 
 A glassful or cupful, ( (F.) Verre,) is reckoned to 
 
 contain 4 or 6 fiuidounces. 
 A wine-glassful, IJ ounce or two ounces. 
 A (able-spoonful, ( (F.) Cuiller a bouche,) about 
 
 half an ounce. 
 A coffee or dessert-spoonful, about 3 drachms. 
 A tea-spoonful, a fluidrachm. 
 A handful, tnanipulus, ( (F.) Poignee,) as much 
 
 as can be held in the hand. 
 The Pugillus ( (F.) Pincee) is as much as can be 
 
 held by the three fingers. 
 
 These last quantities are occasionally prescribed 
 by the French practitioners. Their weights must, 
 of course, vary, according to the article. The 
 authors of the Parisian codex have valued them, 
 as regards certain substances. 
 
 ^ench. 
 
 nz. dr. 
 
 A JlforatpitZMS of barley weighs 3 23-^ 
 
 " linseed 1 4 
 
 " linseed meal 3 3 
 
 " dried mallow leaves 1 3 
 
 " dried cichory leaves 1 
 
 " flowers of the tilia 1 23^ 
 
 dr. scr. gr. 
 A Pugillus of chamomile flowers weighs 2 
 
 " arnica 1 2 
 
 " marsh-mallow 1 1 
 
 " mallow 60 
 
 " fennel seeds 1 60 
 
 " aniseed 1 J^ 60 
 
 A hen's egg, newly laid, weighs about 2 ounces 
 and 2 drachms: when deprived of its shell, 2 
 ounces. The ichite weighs 1 ounce, 2 drachms, 
 and 67 grains : the yolk, 5 drachms and 15 grains. 
 
 WEILBACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 village of Weilbach is in the plain between the 
 Maine and the southern extremity of the Tau- 
 nus hills. It has in its neighbourhood a cold 
 sulphureous alkaline spring, the water of which 
 is bottled and exported, although not of great 
 efficacy. Its use is at times combined with that 
 of the saline springs in Nassau, and of Baden- 
 Baden, in various chronic abdominal and thoracic 
 affections. 
 
 WEINTRAUBENKUR, Grape cure. 
 
 WELCOME TO OUR HOUSE, Euphorbia 
 cyparissias, 
 
 WELD, Reseda luteola. 
 
 WELK, Whelk. An inequality ; a protube- 
 rance ; a cutaneous eruption of this character. 
 Acne. 
 
 WELTER'S BITTER, Acid, carbazotie. 
 
 WEM, Abdomen, Uterus. 
 
 WEMDING, MINERAL WATERS OP. These 
 waters are situate about four leagues from Donau- 
 worth in Bavaria. They contain sulphuretted hy- 
 drogen ; carbonates of lime, magnesia, and soda; 
 sulphates of lime and magnesia,; a little chloride 
 of calcium, and oside of iron j and are much used 
 in asthenic diseases. 
 
 WEN, Sax. pen, Ln'pia, Tumour, (F.) Loup. 
 A name given to circumscribed, indolent tumours, 
 without inflammation or change of colour of the 
 skin. Tliey may be met with in almost every 
 part of the body. Their magnitude, as well as 
 nature, is very variable. The term is sometimes 
 given to an encysted tumour, and to bronchocele. 
 
 WESTERN ISLANDS, Azores. 
 
 WEST INDIES, {CLIMATE OF.) The cli- 
 mate of the West Indies has long been regarded 
 as favourable to the consumptive. In confirmed 
 consumption, it appears, however, to be positively 
 injurious. As a prophylactic for those predis- 
 posed to consumption, it is generally favourable. 
 The nature of the patient's constitution, in re- 
 gard to the effects of elevated temperature, has 
 always to be taken into account. In diseases 
 that are benefited \>y warm climates, the AVest 
 Indies afford an appropriate residence. The 
 islands in which the invalid can best obtain all 
 the advantages of the climate, are Jamaica, Bar- 
 badoes, St. Vincents, Antigua, St. Kitts, and 
 Santa Cruz. 
 
 WEST'S SPRING, see South Carolina, mine- 
 ral waters of. 
 
 WET STRAPPING, see Water dressing. 
 
 WHAIIOO, see Euonymus. 
 
 WHEAL, Weal, Wale, Pomphus. A ridge, 
 or elevation of the skin, produced by a rod or 
 whip; or as if produced in that manner. Such 
 elevations are seen in urticaria. 
 
 WHEAT, Triticum — w. Indian, Zea mays — w. 
 Turkey, Zea mnys. 
 
 WHEEZE, (Prov.) Bezzle, Sax. hpeoron, 
 formed probably, like whiz and whis2ier, from the 
 sound it expresses. To breathe with difiiculty 
 and noise, as in asthma. 
 
 WHELK, Acne, Welk — w. Chin, Sycosis — w. 
 Rosy, Gutta rosea. 
 
 WHETLEBONES, Vertebrse. 
 
 WHEY, Serum lactis. 
 
 Whey-Cure, (G.) Molkenkur. In the Eur- 
 saal of many of the German watering places, a 
 space is set apart for whey drinkers. The whey 
 is a pleasant diluent, and the sacchnrine matter 
 it contains may act as a eutrophic ; but the main 
 effect on the valetudinarian is probably produced 
 by the new impressions made upon him by his 
 visit to the watering place. 
 
 Whey, Mustard, see Sinapis — w. Rennet, see 
 Serum lactis — w. Sack, Wine-whey — w. Tamarind, 
 see Tamarindus — -w. Vinegar, see Aeetum — w. 
 Wine, Wine-whev. 
 
 WHIFFING MURMUR, see Murmur, respi- 
 ratory. 
 
 WHIG, Buttermilk, Serum lactis. 
 
 AVHIMBERRY, Vaecinium myrtillus. 
 
 WHISKY, see Spirit. A spirituous liquor ob- 
 tained from oats, potatoes, &c., by distillation. 
 
 Whisky Liver. Liver, nutmeg. 
 
 WHISPER, CAVERNOUS, see Cavernous. 
 
 AVHIS'PERING; evidently an example of ono- 
 matopoeia (hooisp'ering), Susurra'tio, Susurra'- 
 tion. Articulation of the air sent through the 
 vocnl tube without any action of the glottis. 
 
 Whispering Souffle, see Souffle. 
 
 WHISTLING, Sifflement, see Rale sibilant. 
 
 WHITE BALL, Cephalan thus occidentalis — w. 
 Blisters, Rupia escharotica. 
 
 Whitk, Flake, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 
 White Leaf, Pyrola maeulata, Spirasa tomen- 
 tosa — w. Leg, Phlegmatia dolens — w. Matter of 
 the brain, see Cerebrum — w. Root, Angelica 
 lucida, Asclepias tuberosa, Ligusticum actasifo- 
 lium. 
 
 AVhite, Spanish, Bismuth, subnitrate of. 
 
 White Substance of Schwann, see Nerve 
 fibre — w. Sulphur, see Virginia, mineral waters 
 of — w. Swelling, Hydrarthus — w. Swelling of 
 lying-in women, Phlegmatia dolens — w. Weed, 
 Chrysanthemum leueanthemum — w. Wood, Lirio- 
 dendron, Tilia Americana. 
 
 WHITENESS OF COMPLEXION, Paleness. 
 
 WHITES. THE, Leucorrhtea. 
 
 WHITLEYA STRAMONIFOLIA, Anisodua 
 luridus. 
 
 WHITLOW, Paronychia. 
 
WHOOPING-COUGH 
 
 98; 
 
 WINE 
 
 WHOOPING-COUGH, Pertussi^i. 
 
 WHORLYWORT, Leptandria purpurea. 
 
 WHORTLEBERRY, Vacciiiium myrtillus, 
 Vacciuium vitis idaea — w. Beais', Arbutus uva 
 ursi. 
 
 WHORTS, BLACK, Vaccinium myrtillus. 
 
 WHYTT'S DISEASE, Hydrocephalus in- 
 ternus. 
 
 WIDOW-WAIL, Cneorum tricoccum, Daphne 
 Alpina. 
 
 WIESBADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF, 
 see Wisbaden. 
 
 WIESSAU, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 waters are situate about four leagues from the 
 convent of Waldsassen in Bavaria. They contain 
 carbonic acid; carbonates of lime and magnesia; 
 ch'.oi ides of calcium, magnesium, and aluminium ; 
 earl>onate of soda, and much oxide of iron. The 
 Bavarians consider them to resemblo the waters 
 of Pyrmont. 
 
 AVILD, Sax. pilx>, (D.) Wild. An epithet 
 given to the countenance, when not in harmony 
 with the condition of the individual, and indica- 
 ting strong mental emotion; — a wild look, (F.) 
 Physioijnomie egnree. 
 
 WILDBAD, MINERAL WATERS OP. Wild- 
 bad is a small town of Wurtemberg, three Ger- 
 man miles from Baden-Baden. It is much fre- 
 quented as a watering-place. The water is ther- 
 mal, from 95° to 100° of Fahr., and is much em- 
 ployed in cases in which thermal waters are indi- 
 cated. It is used internally, a pint not con- 
 taining more than a grain of solid ingredients, 
 which consists of salts of soda and lime. The 
 proportion of carbonic acid gas is very small. 
 
 WILDFIRE, Erysipelas. 
 
 Wildfire Rash, Ignis sylvaticus. 
 
 WILDUNGEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Wildungen is situate a few miles from Cassel in 
 Germany. In its neighbourhood are several mi- 
 neral springs; the chief of which, according to 
 Stucke, contain a bituminous matter; chloride 
 of sodium and sulphate of soda; carbonate and 
 sulphate of lime, &c. They are used, chiefly, as 
 refrigerants. 
 
 WILL, Voluntas. 
 
 WILLAN, Salix. 
 
 WILLOW, Salix — w. Herb, Common, Lythrum 
 salicaria — w. Herb, great, Epilobium angustifo- 
 lium — w. Herb, purple, Lythrum salicaria — w. 
 Herb, purple veined, Epilobium coloratum. 
 
 Willow, Low-bush, Salix humilis — w. Speck- 
 led, Salix humilis — w. Red, Cornus sericea — w. 
 Rose, Cornus sericea — w. Sweet, Myrica gale. 
 
 WIND, Sax. pirfD, (an example of onomato- 
 poiea — ooind) Ventiis, An'emos, (F.) Vent. Winds 
 exert considerable influence on the animal econo- 
 my ; acting by their temperature, which neces- 
 sarily modifies that of the circumambient air, as 
 well as by their moisture or dryness, and by the 
 emanations of different kinds, which they trans- 
 port to greater or less distances. The winds 
 which blow over a considerable extent of country, 
 are dry and serene : those which come from the 
 ocean are moist and chilly. 
 
 Wind, see Flatulence. 
 
 Wind of a Ball. A term applied to the com- 
 pression of air, supposed to be produced by the 
 passage of a ball near a part of the body, so as 
 to occasion what has been called a wind contu- 
 sion. 
 
 Wind Contusion, see Wind of a Ball — w. 
 Dropsy, Emphysema, Tympanites — w. Flower, 
 Anemone — w. Pipe, Trachea — w. Root, Asclepias 
 tuberosa — w. Weed, Asclepias tuberosa. 
 
 WINDINESS, Flatulence. 
 
 WINDY, Flatulen'tus, Flat'ulent, Va'porous, 
 (F.) Venteux, Flattteux, That which causes wind 
 
 or flatulence; also, that which is caused by wind 
 or flatulence; as windy food, windy colic, &c. 
 Also, one aifected with flatulence, or who is 
 'troubled with the wind.' 
 
 WINE, Sax. pin, (G.) Wei n, originally, per- 
 haps, from oivos, QSnoa, Vinum, /je-S-u, IJethii, (P.) 
 Vin. A name given by chymists to all liquors 
 that have become spirituous by fermentation. 
 The term is generally, however, restricted to the 
 fermented juice of the grape, or of fruits, the pro- 
 duct of whose fermentation resembles, in alluo^t 
 all respects, that of the juice of the grape. AVine 
 is composed of alcohol ; saccharine matter; malic 
 acid; tartaric acid ; bitartrate of polussa; acetic 
 acid ; an extractive colouring matter, more or less 
 bitter, and partly resinous ; and sometimes of an 
 aromatic substance. The extractive colouring 
 matter is chiefly met with in red wines. All these 
 constituents, except the alcohol, are found ready 
 formed in the grape. The alcohol proceeds from 
 the decomposition of the saccharine matter. A 
 part of the acetic acid is also formed during fer- 
 mentation. 
 
 The following table, drawn up by Mr. Brande, 
 exhibits the quantity of spirit in different kinds 
 of wine and liquors. It is proper, however, to 
 remark, that many of these wines are prepared 
 for the London market, and are more brandied, or 
 '•'reinforced," than the same varieties sold in the 
 United States. This is strikingly the case with 
 port. Dr. Henderson, too, has remarked, that 
 some of the wines analyzed by Mr. Brande were 
 mixed with a considerable quantity of adventi- 
 tious alcohol. Dr. Henderson's additions and 
 corrections have the letter H. affixed. 
 
 Pkoportion or Alcohol, s. g. 0'825, in one hundred 
 
 PARTS Br MEASURE OF THE FOLLOWING WiNES, AND MALT 
 
 AND Spirituous Liquors. 
 
 1. Lissa 26-47 
 
 Do 24-35 
 
 Average, (a) 25-41 
 
 2. Raisin Wine 26-40 
 
 Do 25-77 
 
 Do 2.3-20 
 
 Average, 25-12 
 
 3. Marsala 26-03 
 
 Do 25-05 
 
 Average, (&) 25-09 
 
 4. Port — average of six kinds 2.3-48 
 
 Do. — highest 25-83 
 
 Do. — lowest 21-40 
 
 5. Madeira 24-42 
 
 Do 23-93 
 
 Do. (Sercial) 21-45 
 
 Do 19-24 
 
 Average, 22-27 
 
 6. Currant Wine 20-55 
 
 7. Sherry 19-81 
 
 Do 19-83 
 
 Do 18-79 
 
 Do 18-25 
 
 Average, 19-17 
 
 8. Teneri£fe 19-79 
 
 9. Colares 19-75 
 
 10. Lacryma Christi 1970 
 
 11. Constantia — white 19-75 
 
 " red (c) 18-92 
 
 12. Lisbon 18-94 
 
 13. Malaga 1894 
 
 14. Bucellaa 18-49 
 
 15. Red Madeira 22-.30 
 
 Do 18-40 
 
 Average, 20-35 
 
 16. Cape Muscat 18-25 
 
 17. Cape Madeira 22-94 
 
 Do 20-50 
 
 Do 18-11 
 
 Average. 20-51 
 
 18. Grape Wine '. 1811 
 
 19. Calcavella 19-20 
 
 Do 1810 
 
 Average, 18-65 
 
 20. Vidonia 19-25 
 
 21. Alba Flora 17-26 
 
 (a) 15-90 H. (b) 18-40 H. (c) 14-50 H. 
 
WINE 
 
 984 
 
 WISBADEN 
 
 22. Malaga l'-26 
 
 23. White Hermitage 17-4a 
 
 24. Roiissilloii 19-00 
 
 Do 17-26 
 
 Average, 13-13 
 
 25. Claret 1711 
 
 Do 16-32 
 
 Do 14-08 
 
 Do 12-91 
 
 Average, (d) 15-10 
 
 26. Malmsey Madeira 16-40 
 
 27. Lunel 15-52 
 
 28. Scheraaz 15-52 
 
 29. Syracuse 15-28 
 
 50. Sauterne 1422 
 
 51. Burgundy 16-60 
 
 Do 15-22 
 
 Do 14.53 
 
 Do 11.95 
 
 Average, 14'57 
 
 52. Hook 14-37 
 
 Do 1300 
 
 Do. (old in cask) 8-88 
 
 Average, 12-08 
 
 Kudesheimer (1811) H. 1072 
 
 Do. (1800) H. 12-22 
 
 Average, H. 11-47 
 
 Johanni'berger H. 8-71 
 
 as. Nice 14-63 
 
 34. Barsac 13-86 
 
 35. Tent 1330 
 
 36. Champagne (still) 13-80 
 
 Do. (sparkling) 12-80 
 
 Do. (red) 12-56 
 
 Do 11-30 
 
 Average, 12-61 
 
 37. Red Hermitage l'2-32 
 
 38. Via de Grave 13-94 
 
 Do 12-80 
 
 Average, 13-37 
 
 39. Frontignac 1279 
 
 40. Cote RGtie 1232 
 
 41. Gooseberry Wine 11-84 
 
 42. Orange Wine — average of six samples made 
 
 by a London manufacturer 11-26 
 
 43. Tokay 9-88 
 
 44. Elder Wine 9-87 
 
 45. Itheoish Wine H. 8-71 
 
 48. Cider — highest average 9-87 
 
 Do. lowest 5-21 
 
 47. Perry — average of four samples 7-26 
 
 48. Mead 7-32 
 
 49. Ale (Burton) 8-88 
 
 Do. (Edinburgh) 6-20 
 
 Do. (Dorchester 5-56 
 
 Average, 6-87 
 
 50. Brown Stout 6-80 
 
 51. London Porter — average 4-20 
 
 Do. Small Beer — average 1-28 
 
 0-2. Brandy 53-39 
 
 53. Bum 53-68 
 
 64. Gin 51.60 
 
 55. Scotch Whisky 54-32 
 
 56. Irish do 63-90 
 
 The only wine recommended in some pharma- 
 copoeias is Sherry, Vinum, V. album Hispan'icum, 
 V. ^er'ieum, Leucoe'nus. It is a dry wine ; the 
 least variable in its properties, and agrees best 
 ■with the dyspeptic. Other wines used ofBcinally 
 are — Canary or Sack loine, Vinum Canari' num ; 
 Mountain wine, Vinum album monla'num ; I'ent 
 wine; Rhenish loine, Vinum Rhena'num ; and 
 Port roine, Vinum ruhrum Portugal' licum. 
 
 The wines habituallj' drunk are almost innu- 
 merable. Those that are sweet, or contain a 
 large portion of free, saccharine matter, are de- 
 cidedly the least wholesome to the dyspeptic. 
 
 When wine is good, and of a proper age, it is 
 tonic and nutritive; when new, flatulent and ca- 
 thartic, disagreeing with the stomach and bowels. 
 In medicine, it is a valuable tonic in the last 
 stage of typhus, when the skin is not too hot and 
 dry. Its use, however, requires great caution ; 
 and when once commenced under proper circum- 
 stances, it cannot be suddenly dropped without 
 mischief. It is, perhaps, the best permanent 
 stimulus in the catalogue of the materia medica. 
 
 (d) 12-91 H. 
 
 Mulled Wine is made as follows: — Take of 
 bruised cinnamon ^i ; half a nutmeg grated; and 
 ten bruised cloves. Infuse in boiling water Oss 
 for an hour; strain and add sugar ^j. Pour the 
 whole into a pint of hot Port or Sherry. Useful 
 in adynamic conditions. 
 
 Wine, AjiiNiUAN, Aminseum vinum. 
 
 Wine op Aloes, Vinum aloes. 
 
 AViNE, Antimonial, Vinum antimonii — w. An- 
 tiscorbutic, Vinum antiscorbuticum — w. Aro- 
 matic, Vinum aromaticum — w. Bark, compound, 
 Vinum de kina kina compositum — w. Barley, 
 Cerevisia — w. Bitter, diuretic, Vinum diureticum 
 am arum. 
 
 Wine Bitters, Vinum gentia'ncB compositum. 
 The formulee for these may be various. The fol- 
 lowing is as good and as agreeable as any. {Pad. 
 gentian. Ibj, cort. aurant. ^x, sem. cardam. cont. 
 ^iv, cinnam. cort. ^iv, wine, foreign or domestic, 
 three gallons and a half.) Tonic and stomachic. 
 
 Wine, Cedar, Cedrinum vinum — w. Cham- 
 pagne, Vinum campanum — w. Chian, Chium 
 vinum. 
 
 Wine op Colchicum, Vinum colchici — w. of 
 Colchicum seed, Vinum colchici seminis — w. of 
 Ergot, Vinum ergotas — w. of Gentian, compound, 
 Vinum gentians compositum — w. of Hellebore, 
 white, Vinum veratri. 
 
 Wine, Ipecacuanha, Vinum Ipecacuanhse. 
 
 Wine op Iron, Vinum ferri. 
 
 Wine, Medicated, Vinum medicinale — w. 
 Mulled, see Wine. 
 
 Wine op Opium, Vinum opii. 
 
 Wine, Port, Vinum Portugallicum — w. Pullet, 
 Poulet, vin de. 
 
 Wine op Quinia, Vinum quiniae. 
 
 Wine, Rhubarb, Vinum rhei — w. Sherry, Vi- 
 num — w. Steel, Vinum ferri — w. Tobacco, Vinum 
 tabaci — w. Tar, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 Wine Whey, White Wine Whey, (Prov.) Sack- 
 whey. Take of good milk two-thirds of a pint, 
 and add luater to make a pint. Take of sherry, 
 or any other good white wine, two glasses, and 
 of sugar a dessert-spoonful. Place the milk and 
 water in a deep pan on the fire; and the moment 
 it boils, pour into it the wine and sugar. Stir 
 assiduously for 12 or 15 minutes, whilst it boils. 
 Lastly, strain through a sieve. 
 
 It is a good mode of giving wine in adynamic 
 states. 
 
 Wine, White, see Wine. 
 
 Wine op Wormwood, Vinum absinthites. 
 
 WING-SEED, Ptelea trifoliata. 
 
 WINKERS, Cilia. 
 
 WINKING, Scardamygmus. 
 
 WINTER'S BARK TREE, Wintera aromatiea. 
 
 W^INTER BERRY, SMOOTH, Prinos Isevi- 
 gatus — w. Berry, Virginia, Prinos — w. Berry, 
 whorled, Prinos. 
 
 Winter Bloom, Hamamelis Virginiana — w. 
 Cough, Bronchitis, chronic — w. Green, Gaulthe- 
 ria — w. Green, round-leaved, Pyrola — w. Green, 
 spotted, Pyrola maculata. 
 
 WINTERA, see Wintera aromatiea. 
 
 Win'terA ArOMAt'iCA, Brimys Win'teri, Win- 
 tera'na aromat'ica, Winter's bark Tree ; Ord. 
 Magnoliacese. The bark, Wintera (Ph. U. S.), 
 Cortex Wintera'nus seu Winteranus 3Iagellan'- 
 icus, G. Magellan'icus, Cinnamo'mum 3Iagellan'- 
 ieum, (F.) Scarce de Winter, Cannelle poivree, is 
 very much allied in its properties to Canellaalba. 
 
 WINTERANA AROMATICA, Wintera aro- 
 matiea. 
 
 WIRTSPRINGS, Hangnails. 
 
 WISBADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Wisbaden is a town of Germany, about 6 miles 
 
WISMTJTHUM 
 
 985 
 
 WORMS 
 
 north of Mainz, and 22 west of Frankfort. It has 
 been long celebrated for its hot springs ; and is 
 much frequented. There are numerous cold and 
 thermal springs, — the former containing sulpho- 
 hydric acid; the latter being saline and acidu- 
 lous. The temperature of the hot springs varies 
 from 117° to 160° Fahr. 
 
 WISMUTHUM, Bismuth. 
 
 WITCHEN, Sorbus acuparia. 
 
 WITCHHAZEL, Hamamelis Virginiana, Sor- 
 bus acuparia. 
 
 WITCHMEAL, Lycopodium. 
 
 WITCHWOOD, Sorbus acuparia. 
 
 WIT TEETH, see Dentition. 
 
 WITTER, Throat. 
 
 WIZEN, (Esophagus. 
 
 WOAD, Isatis tinctoria. 
 
 WOD, Insane. 
 
 WODNES, Insanity, Mania. 
 
 WOLFBANE, Veratrum viride. 
 
 WOLFSBANE, Aconitum — w. Wholesome, 
 Aconitum anthora. 
 
 WOLFSCLAW, Lycopodium. 
 
 WOLFS J AW, see Harelip. 
 
 WOMAN, pi. women, Gyne, (F.) Femme, Sax. 
 piFman, ' wifeman,' ' woofman.' The adult fe- 
 male of the human race. 
 
 WOMANHOOD, Mulieritas. 
 
 WOMB, Uterus— w. Falling down of the. Pro- 
 lapsus uteri. 
 
 WcMB Grain, Ergot. 
 
 Womb, Laceration op the, Uterus, rupture 
 of the — w. Tympany of the, Physometra. 
 
 WONGE, Cheek. 
 
 WOOD, BRAZIL, CiBsalpinia echinata — w. 
 Elk, Andromeda arborea — w. Pernambuco, Cie- 
 salpinia echinata. 
 
 Wood-lice, Onisci aselli. 
 
 Wood-march, Saniele. 
 
 Wood, Nicaragua, see Cagsalpinia — w. Peach, 
 see Csesalpinia — w. Pernambuco, Csesalpinia 
 echinata — w. Sampfen, Caesalpiuia sappan — w. 
 Sappan, CaBsalpinia sappan. 
 
 Wood Sorrel, Oxalis acetosella. 
 
 Wood, Sour, Andromeda arborea — w. Waxen, 
 Genista tinctoria. 
 
 WOODWEX, Genista tinctoria. 
 
 WOODBINE, COMMON, Lonicera periclyme- 
 num. 
 
 WOODROOF, SWEET-SCENTED, Asperula 
 odorata. 
 
 WOODS, SUDORIF'IC, (F.) Bois sudor ifiquea. 
 This term is applied, collectively, to guaiacum, 
 sassafras, china, and sarsaparilla, which are often 
 used together to form the sudorific decoction. 
 
 WOOBALI, Curare. 
 
 WOORARA, Curare. 
 
 WORM, see Alembic, Vermiform process — w. 
 Bark tree, Geoffraea inermis — w. Cakes, Story's, 
 see Cakes, worm, Story's — w. Disease, Helmin- 
 thiasis — w. Goosefoot, Chenopodium anthelmin- 
 ticum — w. Grass, perennial, Spigelia Marilan- 
 dica. 
 
 Worm, Guinea, Dracunculus. 
 
 Worm Loz'enges, Ching's. Empirical prepa- 
 rations, which consist of yellow and brown lo- 
 zenges. The former are directed to be taken in 
 the evening; the latter on the following morning. 
 The Yellow Lozenges. (Saffron, §ss, loater, Oj ; 
 boil, and strain; and add of white panacea of 
 mercury, (calomel washed in spirit of wine,) Ibj, 
 white sugar, 28 lbs, mucilage of gum tragacanth 
 q. s. to make a mass. Divide, so that each lo- 
 
 zenge may contain a grain of the panacea.) The 
 Brown Lozenges. (Panacea ^vij, resin of jalap 
 ibiijss, white sugar ftix, mucilage of gum tragac. 
 q. s. Each lozenge to contain gr. ss of the pa- 
 nacea.) 
 
 Worm Lozenges, Sherman's, are said to be 
 composed of calomel, gamboge, and sugar. 
 
 Peters's Worm Lozenges are said to be com- 
 posed in a similar manner. 
 
 Worm Root, Spigelia Marilandica — w. Seed, 
 Artemisia santonica, Chenopodium anthelminfi- 
 cum — w. Seed, goosefoot, Chenopodium anthel- 
 minticum — w. Weed, Corsican, Corallina Corsi- 
 cana, Polanisia graveolens — w. Weed, white, Co- 
 rallina — w. AVood, biennial, Artemisia biennis — 
 w. Wood, Canada, Artemisia canadensis — w. 
 Wood, common, Artemisia absinthium — w. Wood, 
 creeping, Artemisia rupestris — w. AVood, lesser, 
 Artemisia Pontiea — w. Wood, Roman, Artemisia 
 Pontica — w. Wood, sea, Artemisia maritima — w. 
 Wood, silky, Artemisia glacialis. 
 
 WORMIA'NA OSSA seu OSSIC'ULA, 0. 
 epacta'lia seu rajjhogeminan' tia seu triq'uetra seu 
 triangula'ria Bla'sii seu sutura'rum, Claves cal- 
 va'rice. Wormian bones, (F.) Os Wormiens ou 
 epactaux ou surnumeraires (Ch.), ou intercales 
 ou triangulaires ou Clefs du erdne. Small bones, 
 which are sometimes observable in the sutures of 
 the bones of the cranium, of which they form a 
 part. They were called Wormiana, from Olaus 
 Wormius, who is said to have first described 
 them. They had been previousl}', however, men- 
 tioned by G. Andernach, a physician at Strasburg. 
 The Ossa AVormiana exist more commonly in the 
 sutures of the vault of the skull; especially in the 
 lambdoidal, sagittal, and squamous. They are 
 uncommon at the base of the skull. Their size 
 is very variable, and shape irregular. Their 
 structure and development are similar to those of 
 the other bones of the cranium; and, like them, 
 they are bounded by sutures. 
 
 AVORMIT, Artemisia absinthium. 
 
 WORMS, originally from (L.) Vermes : (F.) 
 Vers/ Eiitozo'a, Entozoa'ria, Enterozo'a, Endo- 
 zo'a, Entelminth'a, Enthelmin'thes, Helmin'tM, 
 Entoparasites, (F.) Entozoaires. Animals whose 
 common character is that of existing only in 
 other animals ; hence their name entozoa, from 
 evTos, 'within,' and ^mov, ' animal.' They are met 
 with, not only in the natural cavities, but even 
 in the tissue of the organs, but chiefly in the 
 intestines — Vermes intesti'ni, Helmin'thia alvi 
 s-enp)od'icis, Splanchnelminth'ia, Intes'tinal icorms, 
 (F.) Vers intestinaux, Angibromehninthie. Piorry, 
 Cuvier, Piudolphi, Brera, Bremser, Laennec, and 
 others, have endeavoured to classify them, — 
 some according to their shape; others, according 
 to their anatomical characters. 
 
 The following table exhibits most of the entozoa 
 which have been met with in the human body, 
 and their usual habitats : — 
 
 Entozoa. Where found. 
 
 Trichoceph'alus dispar, 
 
 Oxyu'ris vermicula'ris, 
 
 As'caris ala'ta, 
 
 As'caris lumbricoi'des, \ Intestines. 
 
 Ancyclos'toma duodenale, 
 
 Bothrioceph'alus latus, 
 
 Tee'nia so'lium, 
 
 Pentas'toma constric'tum, ] 
 
 Tae'nia nana, J 
 
 -r,- , 1 , „ • ] Intestines and A''e- 
 
 Distoma h^mato'bium, > . 
 
 ' J na porta. 
 
 Ditrachyc'eras rudis, (?) Intestines. 
 
 Diploso'ma crena'ta, "I 
 
 Spirop'tera hom'inis, > Urinary bladder. 
 
 Dactyl'ius aculea'tus, J 
 
 and Liver. 
 
WORSUM 
 
 Dis'toma,hepat'icutn, 
 Dis'toma lanceola'tum, 
 Stron'gylus gigas, "I 
 
 Tetras'toma reaa'le, J 
 
 Fila'ria oo'uli, 
 Mouos'toma lentis, 
 
 Distoma oc'uli huma'ni, [ 
 
 Acephalocyst'is endog"ena, 
 
 Echinococ'cus tom'inis, > 
 
 Polys'toma pinguie'ola, 1 
 
 Hexathyrid'ium pinguie'ola j 
 Polys'toma vena'rum seu 
 
 sanguic'ola, 
 Hexathyrid'ium vena'rum, 
 Fila'ria bronchia'lis, 
 Trichi'na spira'lis, 1 
 
 Cystieer'cus cellulo'sse, J 
 
 Acephalocyst'is multif'ida, 
 Fila'ria medinen'sis, 
 
 98 6 
 
 WRYNECK 
 
 Gall bladder. 
 Hepatic duct. 
 
 Kidney. 
 
 Eye. 
 
 Crystalline. 
 
 Capsule of crystal- 
 line. 
 
 Liver. 
 
 Liver, Spleen, and 
 Omentum. 
 
 Ovary. 
 
 Veins. 
 
 Bronchial glands. 
 
 Muscles. 
 
 Brain. 
 
 Areolar texture. 
 
 The most common of these are: — the Oxyuris 
 vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Tajnia, 
 which are found in the intestines. The origin of 
 these worms is extremely singular, and more fa- 
 vourable than any other fact to the hypothesis 
 of spontaneous generation in the lowest tribes of 
 animated nature. They are certainly not identi- 
 cal with any worms out of the body. They are 
 most commonly met with in children improperly 
 fed; but their presence cannot be positively de- 
 tected by any symptoms, except that of the dis- 
 charge of the worms themselves in the evacua- 
 tions. They may, of course, give rise to every 
 kind of irritation in the intestinal tube, and to 
 sympathetic disturbance in most of the functions; 
 but all these signs may be produced by intestinal 
 irritation resulting from other causes. 
 
 Anthelmintics or vermifuges, employed, as the 
 name imports, for their removal, may be of two 
 'kmds— mechanical and true. To the first class — 
 the mechanical — belong Emetics, Purgatives, 3Iu- 
 cuna, powdered Tin, &o. To the latter — the true 
 anthelmintics, — Turpentine, Chennpodium anthel- 
 minticum, Pinh-root, Semina Santonici, &c. Of 
 these, the best is turpentine. See Oleum tere- 
 binthinse. The great object, however, is to pre- 
 vent their generation. This must be done by 
 generous diet, fresh air, and tonics, where neces- 
 sary. 
 
 Worms, Acne punctata. 
 
 WORSUM, Pus. 
 
 WORT, Sax. pypt, Mustum, Tn/u'aum Bynes 
 seu Bra'sii seu M(dti, (F.) Mo'iit de'la Bie'-e. An 
 infusion of salt. This has been recommended in 
 scurvy. One measure of ground malt is added to 
 three equal measures of boiling water. The mix- 
 ture must be well stirred, and left to stand 
 covered three or four hours. Dose, one to four 
 pints, daily. It has, also, been recommended in 
 Other cases, where a strong putrescent disposition 
 
 appeared to prevail in the fluids, as in cancerous 
 and phagedenic ulcers. It is not now employed. 
 
 WORTWALE, Hangnail. 
 
 WOSEN, Trachea. 
 
 WOUND, Sax. punts, Vtdnus, Volnus, (diminu- 
 tive Vulnus'culum), Plaga, Trauma, Troma, Tresis, 
 Tresis Vulnns, Blabe, Tymma, (F.) Plaie, Bles- 
 sure. A solution of continuity in the soft parts, 
 produced by some mechanical agent. Wounds 
 present innumerable differences, as regards their 
 situation; the parts interested; their direction; 
 size; shape; the nature of the instrument or 
 agent by which they are produced ; their more 
 or less simple or complex character, duration, &o. 
 A wound is called incised, (F.) Coiqmre, Incision, 
 when made by a cutting instrument ; — punctured, 
 Nygma, (F.) Piqure, when made by a pointed 
 instrument; — lacerated, (F.) Dechirure, Plaie 
 pur arrachement, when the parts are lacerated 
 or torn by the wounded body; poisoned, Celln- 
 li'tis venena'ta, Necu'sia, (F.) Plaie envenimie, 
 when some virulent or venomous substance has 
 been introduced; — and contused, (F.) Plaie con- 
 tuse, when produced by a blunt body. Gunshot 
 loounda, Sclopetopla' ga, Vul'nera sclopeta'ria seu 
 d sclope'tis, (F. ) Plaiea d' amies d feu ou d'arque~ 
 busade ou d'arquebuse, Coup de feu, belong to the 
 last division. 
 
 WOURALI, Curare. 
 
 WOURARI, Curare. 
 
 AVOURARU, Curare. 
 
 WOURSUM, Pus. 
 
 AVRACK, SEA, Fucus vesiculosus — w. Blad- 
 der, yellow, Fucus vesiculosus. 
 
 WRAMP, Sprain. 
 
 WRAPPING UP, (of the hydropatMsts,) 
 Emaillottage. 
 
 WRATACK, Nanus. 
 
 WRENCH, Sprain. 
 
 WRET, Verruca. 
 
 WRETWEED, Euphorbia palustris. 
 
 WRIGHTIA ANTIDYSENTERICA, Nerium 
 antidysentericum. 
 
 WRINKLE, Sax. rpmcle, Rngn, Rytis, Eha- 
 cus, lihachus, Ehagus, Rhysse'ma, Corruga'tio cu- 
 tis, Ruelles, (Sc.) Eunlde, Runkill, (Prov.) Crin- 
 Icle-crankle, (F.) Ride. A furrow or fold in the 
 skin of the face, forehead, vagina, &c. See Cor- 
 rugation. 
 
 WRINKLED, Rvgo'sus, Rugous, Rugose, (F.) 
 Ride. Full of wrinkles. 
 
 WRIST, Carpus. 
 
 WRIST-DROP. Paralysis of the muscles of 
 the forearm, induced by the poison of lead. 
 
 WRITERS' SPASM, see Spasm, writers'. 
 
 WURALI, Curare. 
 
 WURSTGIFT, Allantotoxicum. 
 
 WRONG HEIR, Cancellus. 
 
 WRYNECK, Torticollis. 
 
X LEG 
 
 987 
 
 XIPHOPAGES 
 
 X. 
 
 X LEG, Entogonyancon. 
 XALAPPA, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 XANTHIC OXIDE, Uric oxide. 
 XANTHINE, Uric oxide. 
 
 XAN'THIUM, X. Struma'rium seu Orienta'le 
 seu Vulga're, Barda'na minor, Lappa minor, Les- 
 ser Burdock, Burweed, Burthistle, Clotbur, Cockle- 
 hur,(¥.) Lampoarde, Petit Glouteron, Petite Bar- 
 dane, from ^av^ai, 'yellow,' because of the colour 
 the plant is said to yield. This herb, as one of 
 its names imports, was once esteemed for the cure 
 of scrofula. The seeds have been administered 
 in cutaneous affections. 
 
 XANTHIURIA, Xanthuria. 
 XANTHOP'SIA, from ^avOo;, 'yellow,' and 
 j^is, 'vision.' Yellow vision, — as sometimes 
 occurs in jaundice. 
 
 XANTHORRHIZA, {^av^o?, 'yellow,' and pjja, 
 'root.') Xanthorrhiza apiifolia. 
 
 Xanthorrhi'za Apiifo'lia, Xanthorrhiza, X. 
 simplicls'sima seu Marbo'ica, Zanthorrhiza tiitc- 
 to'ria. Yellow Boot, Parsley-leaved Yellow Boot, 
 Yellow wort, Shrub yellow root. The root of 
 this American plant — Xanthorrhiza, (Ph. U. S.) 
 —is a strong and pleasant bitter; and, in the 
 dose of two scruples, sits easy upon the stomach. 
 XANTHORRHCE'A, Grass Tree. A genus of 
 trees in Australia, A^at. Order, Liliaceas, of which 
 there are several species. Two resins are ob- 
 tained from them ; — one the yelloio resin of Xan- 
 thorrhoea or of Nexo Holland, Besi'na lu'tea Novi 
 Relgii, Botany Bay resin, Ac'aroid resin or gum, 
 resi'na vel gummi acaro'i'des, which probably re- 
 sembles tolu and storax in medicinal properties ; 
 — the other the red resin of Xanthorrhoea, black- 
 boy gum. 
 
 XANTHOS, Yellow. 
 
 XANTHO'SIS. a term applied to the yellow 
 discolouration often observed in cancerous tu- 
 mours — especially in encephaloid of the testicle. 
 — Lebert. 
 
 XANTHOX'YLUM FRAXIN'EUM, {^avOog, 
 'yellow,' and fuXoi/, 'wood.') X. america'num, X. 
 fraxinifo'lium, X. ramiflo'rum, X. tricar'jiiim, 
 Prickly ash, Shrubby prickly ash, Toothache bush. 
 Toothache tree, Pell'itory, Yellow wood, Suter- 
 berry. Ord. Xanthosylacese. A spirituous in- 
 fusion of the bark — Xanthox'ylum — Ph. U. S. — 
 has been highly recommended in cases of vio- 
 lent colic. The fresh juice, expressed from the 
 root of xanthoxylum, is said to aflFord relief in 
 the dry bellyache of the West Indies. A deooc- 
 tioa of the bark is sometimes used as a wash to 
 foul ulcers. 
 
 Xanthoxylum Carolia'ntjm has similar pro- 
 perties ; but is more acrid. 
 
 Xanthoxylusi Clava Hercdlis of the "West 
 Indies, (F.) Clavalier d feuilles de frene, Frene 
 epineux is a very strong stimulant, and powerful 
 sialogogue ; and has been given internally in 
 rheumatism. • 
 
 Xanthoxylum Octandra, Fagara octandra. 
 XANTHU'RIA, XnnfAi'u'na, from ^avQog, 'yel- 
 low,' and ovpov, 'urine.' A condition of the sys- 
 tem and of the urine, in which xanthie oxide is 
 deposited from the urine. 
 XANTICA, Carminatives. 
 XANTOLINA, Artemisia santonica. 
 XENODOCEUM, Hospital. 
 
 XENODOCHEUM, Hospital. 
 XERANSIS, Arefaction, Drying. 
 XERANTIA, Siccantia. 
 
 XERA'SIA. Same etymon ; from |i(pof, 'dry.' 
 A disease of the hairs, which become dry, ceaso 
 to grow, and resemble down covered with dust. — 
 Galen. 
 
 XERION, Catapasma. 
 
 XEROCOLLYR'IUM, from ^rjpos, 'dry,' and 
 KoWovpwv, ' a collyrium ;' Collyr'ium siccuni. A 
 dry collyrium. 
 
 XERODER'MA, from ?,npoi, ' dry,' and hpfia. 
 'skin.' Diminution of ;,ecretion of the sebaceous 
 glands. 
 
 XEROMA, Xeropththalmia — x. Conjunctival, 
 Xerophthalmia — x. Lachrymal, Xerophthalmia. 
 
 Xeroma, Lachrymal. suppression of the 
 lachrymal secretion. See Xerophthalmia. 
 
 XEROMYCTER, Xeromycteria. 
 
 XEROMYCTE'RIA, Xeromycter, from Uf,oi, 
 'dry,' and fivKrrip, 'the nose.' Dryness of the 
 nose. 
 
 XEROMY'RON, Vnguen'tum siccmn ; from 
 I'tjpof, 'dry,' and jivpov, 'an ointment.' A dry 
 ointment. — Gorrasus. 
 
 XEROPHA'GIA, from |)7pof, ' dry,' and ^ayco, 
 'I eat.' Excessive use of dry aliment. A kind 
 of regimen to which the ancient athletse subjected 
 themselves, with the view of increasing their 
 strength. 
 
 XEROPHTHAL'MIA,07J^;7ia?'m!as/cca,(9/;;i- 
 thalmoxero'sis, Xero'ma, from ^rjpoi, 'dry,' and 
 opSa^nia, ' inflammation of the eye.' An inflam- 
 mation of the eye, without discharge. The term 
 — as well as Conjunctival and Lach'rymal Xero'- 
 ma, and Cutie' ular Conjunctiva — has been given 
 to cases in which the conjunctiva is so changed, 
 that it presents more of the characters of skin 
 than of mucous membrane. It is incapable of 
 radical cure. Also, lippitudo. 
 
 XEROTRIBIA, see Friction. 
 
 XEROTRIPSIS, Friction, dry. 
 
 XIPHISTERNUM, Xiphoid. 
 
 XIPHODES, Xiphoid. 
 
 XIPHODYMUS, Thoraco-gastrodidymus. 
 
 XIPHOID, Xiphoi'des, Xipho'des Ensifor'- 
 mis, from ^i(poi, 'a sword,' and eiios, 'shape;' 
 Cartila'go Xipho'ides sen Xipho'idea seu Scuta'lis 
 seu Ensiformis seu Pelta'lis seu Pelta'tus, Fur- 
 cel'la infe'rior, ilucrona'tum os, Macrona'ia Car- 
 tila'go, Chondros, Processus xiphosterna'Us seu xi- 
 pho'ides seu sterni xipho'ideus, Xijihi sternum, En'- 
 siforin car'tilage, (F.) Apjiendice ou cartilage xi- 
 pho'ide, C. Mucrone, Appe7idice sous-sternale. Pa- 
 lette. The name of the appendix which termi- 
 nates the sternum beneath ; and which is so called 
 from some resemblance to a sword. 
 
 Xiphoid Lig'ament, Costo-oryphoid L. (F.) 
 Ligament xipho'idien ou costo-xipho'idien, is a 
 small, very thin, ligamentous fasciculus, which 
 passes from the cartilage of prolongation of the 
 7th rib to the anterior surface of the xiphoid car- 
 tilage, into which it is inserted by its fibres de- 
 cussating with those of the opposite ligament. 
 
 XIPHOPA'GES, Bid'ymus Symphyo-epigas'. 
 trius ; from ^i<t>og, 'a sword,' and -nriyvvpii, 'I fix.' 
 A monstrosity, in which twins are united by the 
 epigastrium, as in the case of the Siamese twins. 
 
XYLO-ALOES 
 
 988 
 
 Y-WER-A 
 
 XYLO-ALOES, Agallochum — s. Balsamum, 
 see Amyris opobalsamum — x. Cassia, Laurus 
 cassia — x. Cinnamomum, Laurus cinnamomum. 
 
 XYLITM, Gossipium. 
 
 XYMPATHIA, Sympathy. 
 
 XYRIS, Iris foetidissima. 
 
 Xyris Bclbo'sa, X. la'dica seu Carolinia'na, 
 Yellow-eyed Grass ; indigenous ; Order, Xyrida- 
 cese; flowering from July to September. The 
 roots and leaves are said to be used by the Hin- 
 
 doos in lepra, and chronic cutaneous diseases in 
 general. 
 
 XYRUM, ISTovacula. 
 
 XYRUS, Novacula. 
 
 XYSMA, Linteum, Rasura, Scobs. 
 
 XYSMOS, Rasura. 
 
 XYSTER, Raspatorium. 
 
 XYSTOS, Linteum. 
 
 XYSTRUM, Raspatorium— s. Ophthalmicnm, 
 Ophthalmoxyster. 
 
 T. 
 
 YAM. This esculent root is principally ob- 
 tained from three species of Diosco'rea, — ala'ta 
 hulbi/'era, and sati'va. They grow spontaneously 
 in both the Indies, and their roots are eaten pro- 
 miscuously, as the potato is with us. Their taste 
 is somewhat like that of the potato. 
 
 YAM ROOT, WILD, Dioscorea villosa. 
 
 YARD, Penis. 
 
 YARROW, COMMON, Achillea millefolium. 
 
 YAUPOX, Ilex vomitoria. 
 
 YAYA SKIN, Elephantiasis Arabum. 
 
 YAWXING, from Sax. seonan, Chasme, Chas- 
 mus, Hia'tus, Osce'do, Oscita'tio, Clonus pandicu- 
 la'tio maxilla'rum, Gaping, (F.) Batllement. 
 Yawning consists of a deep inspiration, with con- 
 siderable separation of the jaws, executed slowly 
 and in an involuntary manner, and followed by 
 a prolonged and more or less sonorous expiration. 
 This respiratory movement is preceded by a feel- 
 ing of oppression in the epigastric region, and in 
 the muscles of respiration and mastication. 
 Yawning has been conceived to be owing to tor- 
 por in the pulmonary circulation _: the causes pro- 
 ducing it being commonly ennui, fatigue, sleepi- 
 ness, monotonous sounds, hunger, sympathy, &c. 
 Yawning often precedes the invasion of certain 
 intermittents, attacks of hysteria, &c., and it may, 
 by its frequency, and obstinacy, become a true 
 disease. 
 
 YAW ROOT, Stillingia. 
 
 YAWS, Framboesia. 
 
 YEAST, Yest — y. Plant, Torula cerevisise. 
 
 YEBLE, Sambucus ebulus. 
 
 YELK, see Ovum. 
 
 YELLOW, Flavus, Lu'teus, Xardlms, from past 
 participle of Sax. seaelan, 'to burn.' One of the 
 seven primitive colours. 
 
 Yellow Ash-, Cladrastis tinctoria — y. Berry, 
 Podophyllum montanum — y. Fever, see Fever, 
 yellow — y. Fever, mild, see Relapse — y. Jack, 
 Fever, yellow. 
 
 Yellow Lig'amei^ts, (F.) Ligaments jaunes, 
 occupy the spaces between the vertebral plates, 
 from the interval, which separates the second 
 vertebra from the third, to that which separates 
 the last vertebra from the sacrum. They are so 
 called in consequence of their colour. 
 
 Yellow Paint, Hydrastis Canadensis — y. 
 Root, Jeffersonia Bartoni — y. R,oot, parsley- 
 leaved, Xanthorrhiza apiLfolia — y. Root, shrub, 
 Xanthorrhiza apiifolia. 
 
 Yellow Spring, see Ohio, Mineral waters of. 
 
 Yellow Springs. These are in Chester coun- 
 ty, Pennsylvania. The temperature of the chief 
 spring is 63° Fahr. The water contains no im- 
 pregnation. 
 
 Yellow Star, Helenium autumnale — y. Weed, 
 Ranunculus acris — y. Wood, Xanthoxylum fraxi- 
 neum — y. Wort, Parsley-leaved, Xanthorrhiza 
 apiifolia. 
 
 YELLOWS, Cypripedium luteum, Icterus, Ra- 
 nunculus acris. 
 
 YERBA DEL SOLD AT) A, Matico — y. de 
 Huaca, Datura sanguinea. 
 
 YEST, Yeast, Sax. ZByx:, from ffc, 'a storm,' 
 yXtlS, 'stormy;' Cerevis'ice Fermen'tum, Spxima, 
 Cerevis'icp., Barm, (F.) Levure, Levure de la Bih'e. 
 The scum which collects on the surface of beer 
 whilst fermenting. Yest is antiseptic and tonic. 
 It has been much extolled in putrid fevers, — a 
 table-spoonful being given as a dose, in porter, 
 wine, (fee. It is, also, applied in the form of ca- 
 taplasm, to foul ulcers. In all these cases, it acts 
 by virtue of the generation of carbonic acid gas. 
 
 YEUX ARDENS, Ardent eyes — y. d'Ecre- 
 visse, Cancrorum chelae. 
 
 YEW TREE, Taxus baecata — y. American, 
 Taxus Canadensis. 
 
 YLECH, Hech. 
 
 YLIATER, Ilech. 
 
 YOKE, Singultus. 
 
 YOLK, see Ovum, and Vesicula umbilicalis — y. 
 Membrane, see Vesicula umbilicalis. 
 
 YORK SPRINGS. These are in Adams coun- 
 ty, Pennsylvania. One of them is a saline, con- 
 taining sulphates of magnesia and lime, and 
 chloride of sodium, and is a mild cathartic and 
 diuretic; — the other is a strong chalybeate. 
 
 YOUK, Itching, Psora. 
 
 YOUTH, Adolescence. 
 
 YOPOX, Ilex vomitoria. 
 
 YPSELOGLOSSUS, Basioglossus. 
 
 YRIDES, Orpiment. 
 
 YSAM'BRA, Pedigam'hra. An ancient Spa- 
 nish poison, of which hellebore formed the great- 
 est part. 
 
 YUCCA, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 Yucca Filamento'sa, Bear's grass, Silh grass ; 
 indigenous. A tincture of the root has been 
 used in gonorrhoea. 
 
 YUKE, Itching. Psora. 
 
 Y-WER-A, see Spirit. 
 
ZACCHARUM 
 
 989 
 
 ZINCl CHLORIDUM 
 
 z. 
 
 ZACCHARUM, Saccharum. 
 
 ZAEL, Borosail. 
 
 ZAFFRAN, Crocus. 
 
 ZAFFRE, Smalt. 
 
 ZAMBO, see Mulatto. 
 
 ZAMIA INTEGRIFOLIA, see Arrowroot— z. 
 Pumila, see Arrowroot. 
 
 ZANNA. A kind of Armenian bole, used by 
 the ancients as a desiccative. It was also called 
 Zarnacha. 
 
 ZANTHORRHIZA APIIFOLIA, Xantbor- 
 rhiza apiifolia. 
 
 ZANTHOXYLUM, Xanthoxylum. 
 
 ZAPANIA NODIFLORA, Anacoluppa. 
 
 ZARNACHA, Zanna. 
 
 ZARSA, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 ZARZAPARILLA, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 ZEA MAYS, Z. vulga're, Ilays, M. zea seu 
 America'na, Ador, Indian Corn, Corn, Turkey or 
 Indian Wheat, Maize, Mayz, (F.) ilais, Graine de 
 Turqtiie, Ble d'Inde ou d' Espagne ou d'ltalie ou 
 de Tiirquie. Ord. GramineaB. A native of Ame- 
 rica, and much used over the whole of the con- 
 tinent as an article of diet. It is ground for the 
 same purposes as wheat, and forms an excellent 
 bread. 
 
 ^£a or ^£ia, was the ancient name of a sort of 
 corn. 
 
 ZEBOAIRE BOND, Ksempferia rotunda. 
 
 ZEDOARIA, Kasmpferia rotunda — z. Longa, 
 gee Kaempferia — z. Rotunda, see Kasmpferia. 
 
 ZEDOARY, Kaempferia rotunda. 
 
 ZELOSIS, Zelotypia. 
 
 ZELOTYP'IA, from ^tjloi, 'love,' and rurrot, 
 'form,' ' model;' Zelo'sis. It has been proposed 
 to apply this name to the violent mental affection 
 produced by the acknowledged or presumed infi- 
 delity of a beloved object; and to the conse- 
 quences of such affection; — melancholy, mania, 
 
 ZEMA, Decoction. 
 
 ZEN'ICON, i,^vtKov. Ancient name of a Keltic 
 poison, used for poisoning arrows. 
 
 ZEOCRITON DISTICHUM, Hordeum disti- 
 ehon. 
 
 ZEPHACH, Peritonaeum. 
 
 ZERMA, Zerna. 
 
 ZERNA, Zerma. Amongst the barbarous La- 
 tin writers it signified ulcerated impetigo, Impe- 
 ti'go ulcera'ta. 
 
 ZERUMBET, Cassumuniar. 
 
 ZESIS, Effervescence, Decoction. 
 
 ZEST, see Citrus medica. 
 
 ZESTOLUSIA, Bath, hot. 
 
 ZIBEB^, see Vitis vinifera. 
 
 ZIBETHUM, Civetta. 
 
 ZIGNITES, Zingrites. 
 
 ZINC, Zincum, ZinJatm, Speltrum, Speauter, 
 Tntenag, Zinchum, Zint, Stannnm In'dicnm. Per- 
 haps formed etymologically from (G.) Zin, 'Tin.' 
 A metal obtained from calamine and blende. Its 
 colour is bluish-white; lustre of the fresh surface 
 considerable, but soon dulled, from the facility 
 with which it oxidates ; hard ; texture striated. 
 S. g. 7-190. Melts at 700° Fab., burns with a 
 bright flame in a higher temperature, and is vo- 
 
 latilized in the form of a white, flocculent oxyd. 
 Its use, in medicine, is in the formation of the 
 following preparations. 
 
 ZINC, ACETATE DE, Zinci acetas— r. But, 
 ter of, Zinci chloridum — z. Chloride of, Zinci 
 chloridum — z. Chlorure de, Zinci chloridum — z. 
 Cyanure de, Zinci cj'anuretum — z. Ferrohydro- 
 cyanate of, Zinci cyanuretum — z. Flowers of, 
 Zinci osydum — z. Hydrocyanate of, Zinci cya- 
 nuretum — z. Iodide of, Zinci lodidum — z. lodu- 
 ret of, Zinci lodidum. 
 
 Zinc and Morph'ia, Double I'odide of, (F.) 
 lodure dotihle de Zinc et de Morphine. This salt 
 is prepared by boiling iodide of iodhydrate of 
 morphia with water and zinc, after they have 
 acted on each other for some days; filtering and 
 crystallizing. It is considered to combine the 
 properties of morphia and the salts of zinc, and 
 has been prescribed as an anodyne and antispas- 
 modic. Dose, a quarter of a grain. 
 
 ZINC, OXIDE DE, Zinci oxydum — z. Oxyd 
 of, Zinci oxydum. 
 
 Zinc and Strych'nia, Double I'odide of. 
 This salt is prepared by digesting for several 
 days in hot water, iodide of iodhydrate of strych- 
 nia and zinc ; filtering and crystallizing. It has 
 been proposed in the same cases as strychnia. 
 
 ZINC, SULFATE DE, Zinci sulphas— z. Sul- 
 phate of, Zinci sulphas — z. Valerianate of, Zinci 
 Valerianas. 
 
 ZINCHUM, Zincum. 
 
 ZINCI ACE'TAS, Ac"etaie of Zinc, (F.) Ace- 
 tate de Zinc. {Phimbi acet. Ibj, zinc, granul. 
 ^ix, aqum destillat. Oiij. Dissolve the acetate 
 of lead in the water, and filter. Add the zinc to 
 the solution, and agitate them occasionally to- 
 gether, in a stopped bottle, for five or six hours, 
 or until the liquor yields no precipitate with a 
 solution of iodide of potassium. Filter the liquor, 
 evaporate it with a moderate heat to one-fifth, 
 and set it aside to crystallize. Pour off the 
 liquid, and dry the crystals on bibulous paper. 
 
 Should the crystals be coloured, dissolve them 
 in distilled water, and having heated the solu- 
 tion, drop into it, while hot, a filtered solution of 
 chlorinated lime, until it ceases to let fall sesqui- 
 oxide of iron ; filter the liquor, acidulate it with 
 a few drops of acetic acid, evaporate, and crys- 
 tallize.— /'/i. U. S.) 
 
 Frequently used to form a gently astringent 
 wash in ophthalmia and other local inflamma- 
 tions; and as an injection in gonorrhoea. 
 
 Zinci Carbonas Impurus, Calamina. 
 
 Zinci Car'bonas Pr^cipita'tus, Precip'itated 
 carbonate of Zinc. (Zinci sulphat., sodce carbonat. 
 aa K)j ; aq. bullient. cong. Dissolve the iiulphate 
 of zinc and carbonate of soda respectively in Oiv 
 of water. Mix the solutions; stir, aiid set the 
 mixture by, that the powder may subside. Having 
 poured off the liquid, wash the precipitated car- 
 bonate of zinc with hot water, until the fluid of 
 the washings is nearly tasteless, and dry with a 
 gentle heat. — Ph. U. S.) Used to prepare the 
 Zinci oxidum. 
 
 Zinci Carbonas Pr^paratus, Calamina prse- 
 parata — z. Chloridi liquor, see Burnett's Disin- 
 fecting Liquid. 
 
 Zinci Chlo'ridum, Z. chlorure' turn, Zincum 
 chlora'tum seu muriat'icitm {oxydatum), Chloride 
 
ZINCI CHLO.IURETUM 
 
 990 
 
 ZOIATRIA 
 
 or Chloruret of Zinc, (R) CJdarure cle Zinc. 
 {Zinc, in frustulis, ^ijss; acid, nitric, creta 
 prceparat. aa ^j ; acid, muriat. q. s. To the 
 zinc, in the porcelain vessel, add gradually suffi- 
 cient muriatic acid to dissolve it; strain, add the 
 nitric acid, and evaporate to drj'ness. Dissolve 
 the dry mass in water, add the chalk, allow the 
 mixture to stand for 24 hours, filter, and again 
 evaporate to dryness. — Ph. U. S.) It is very 
 deliquescent in the air, forming the Butter of 
 Zinc, Bnty'rum Zinci. 
 
 Chloride of Zinc is a powerful escharotic, and 
 has been lately employed as an effective anti- 
 septic. 
 
 Zinci Chloruretum, Z. chloridum. 
 
 ZtNci Cyanurb'tum, Z. cyan'idum seu Hydro- 
 cii'anas seu Prus'sias, Zincum Cyanogen a' turn 
 seu Boras'sicum seu Zoot'icum, Hydrocy'anate of 
 Zinc, (F.) Gyanure de Zinc. This salt is formed 
 by adding sulphate of zinc to hydrocyanate of 
 potassa so long as any precipitate is thrown down. 
 When dried and calcined at a low heat, the pro- 
 duct is a mixture of cyanuret of zinc and of po- 
 tassium. It has been recommended in nervous 
 cardialgia. Dose, from one-sixteenth to one- 
 twelfth of a grain. 
 
 It is chiefly used as a caustic,- one part of the 
 chloride being mixed with four, three, or two 
 parts of flour, according to the desired strength, 
 and a few drops of water being added to form a 
 paste. 
 
 ZlNCI Ferrohydrocy'anas, Zinci ferroeya- 
 vure'tum, Cyannre'tum Ferrozin'cicum, Zincnm 
 Ferroliydrocyan'icxim, Ferrohydrocyanate of Zinc. 
 Made by the mutual decomposition of boiling-hot 
 solutions of sulphate of zinc and ferrocyanate of 
 potassa. It has been recommended in the same 
 cases as the last preparation. 
 
 Zinci Hydrocyanas, Zinci cyanuretum. 
 
 Zinci Iod'idum, Z. lodure'tum, Zincum Joda'- 
 tum, lode'tum Zinci seu Zin'cicum. Protoiodure'- 
 tinn Zinci, J'odide or lod'uret of Zinc, (F.) lodnre 
 de Zinc. This salt is made by boiling together 
 iodine and zinc to dryness, and subliming. An 
 ointment, composed of a drachrn to an ounce of 
 lard, has been used in cases where the external 
 use of iodide of'potassium is indicated. 
 
 Zinci Ioduretum, Z. iodidum — z. Nix, Zinci 
 oxydum. 
 
 Zinci Ox'ydum, Zincum ccdcina'tnm, Nihil 
 Album, Lana Philosoplio'rum seu Philosoph'ica, 
 Nix Zinci, Nihil Gris'eum, Pom'pholyx, Oxyd of 
 Zinc, Flowers of Zinc, (F.) 0.i:ide ou Blanc de 
 Zinc. (Procured by burning zinc in along, deep 
 crucible, placed so as to collect the sublimate. 
 Also, by exposing the precipitate thrown down 
 from a solution of sulphate of zinc by carbonate 
 of ammonia to a strong heat, so as to drive off 
 the carbonic acid. — Ph. U. S.) It is tonic and 
 antispasmodic ; externally, detergent and desic- 
 cative. Employed in epilepsy, chorea, &c. For 
 Us external use, see Ung. Zinci. 
 
 Zinci Oxydum Impurttm, Tutia — z. Prussias, 
 Zinci cyanuretum. 
 
 ^iNCi Sulphas, Sulphate of Zinc, Zincum Vit- 
 riola'tum, Vitrio'lum Album seu Goslarien'se seu 
 Zinci, Sulphas Zin'cicum, Gilla Vitrioli seu The- 
 ophras'ti, Sal Vitrioli seu Vomito'rium Vitrioli, 
 (Jhalcan'thum Album, White Vitriol, White Cop- 
 peras, (F.) Sulfate de Zinc. {Zinc, in frustul. 
 ^iv; acid, sidphuric. gvj ; aqucB destillat. Oiv. 
 To the zinc and water, previously introduced into 
 a glass vessel, add by degrees the sulphuric acid, 
 and, when the effervescence shall have ceased, 
 filter the solution through paper; then boil it 
 down till a pellicle begins to form, and set aside 
 to crystallize. — Ph. U. S.) The sulphate of zinc 
 is inodorous ; taste, styptic. It is in white, semi- 
 
 transparent, efaorescent crystals; soluble in three 
 parts of water at 60°. It is emetic, tonic, anti- 
 spasmodic, and, externally, astringent. A nos- 
 trum, sold under the name Antipertus'sis, and, as 
 its title imports, given in hooping-cough, eon- 
 tains this salt as its chief ingredient. It is emetic. 
 Dose, as an emetic, gr. x to ^s-s; as a tonic, gr. j 
 to ij. Used externally as a eollyrium, gr. j. to 
 water f^j. 
 
 Zinci Valeria'nas, Zincum valerian' icum, Va- 
 le' rianate of Zinc. A salt formed by saturating 
 valerianic acid with freshly prepared carbonate 
 of zinc. It is in pure white, pearly scales, and 
 has been recommended as a tonic in neuralgic 
 diseases, epilepsy, &g. The dose is one or two 
 grains several times a day. It is officinal in the 
 Dublin Pharmacopceia. 
 
 ZINCUM, Zinc — z. Borussicura, Zinci cyanu- 
 retum— z. Calcinatum, Zinci oxydum — z. Chlora- 
 tum, Zinci chloridum — z. Cyanogenatum, Zinci 
 cyanuretum — z. Ferrohydrocyanicum, Zinci fer- 
 rohydroc}'anas — z. lodatum, Zinci iodidum — z. 
 Muriatieum, Zinci chloridum — z. Valerianicum, 
 Zinci valerianas — z. Vitriolatum, Zinci sulphas — 
 z. Zooticum, Zinci cyanuretum. 
 
 ZINGIBER, Amomum zingiber — z. Cassumu- 
 niar, see Cassumuniar — z. Cliffordia, see Cassu- 
 muniar — z. Germanicum, Arum maculatum — z. 
 Officinale, Amomum zingiber — z. Purpureum, see 
 Cassumuniar — z. Spurium, see Cassumuniar — z. 
 Zerumbet, see Cassumuniar. 
 
 ZINGIBERIN, Piperoid. 
 
 ZINGRI'TES, Zicjni'tes. A stone, resembling 
 glass; to which the ancients attributed marvel- 
 lous properties. 
 
 ZINKUM, Zincum. 
 
 ZINT, Zincum. 
 
 ZINZIBER, Amomum zingiber. 
 
 ZIPHAC, PeritonsBum. 
 
 ZIRBUS, Epiploon — z. Adipinus, Epiploon, 
 gastro-colic. 
 
 ZIZA'NIA AQUAT'ICA, Wild Rice; Ord. 
 Gramine* ; called by the Indians, Alenomenc, 
 grows abundantly on the marshy margins of the 
 northern lakes and waters of the upper branches 
 of the Mississippi. The grain resembles oats. 
 It furnishes the northern savages and the Cana- 
 dian traders and hunters with their annual sup- 
 plies of grain. Zi^ai/tov was the ancient name of 
 ^ome wild grain. 
 
 ZIZYPHUM, Jujube. 
 
 ZIZYPHUS JUJUBA, see Jujube— z. Nitida, 
 see Jujube. 
 
 ZizYPHUS ffiNOP'LiA, .^. Na2}eca; Ord. Rham- 
 naceae ; common all over India. The fruit is 
 eaten by the natives. It is of a pleasant acid 
 taste. A decoction of the bark of the fresh root 
 is used to promote the healing of fresh wounds. 
 
 ZizYPHUs Sativa, see Jujube — z. Sylvestris, 
 see Jujube. 
 
 ZOA'GRIA, from ^u)?, 'life,' and aypsoi, '1 
 catch up.' The saving and preservation of life. 
 Zoosis. A reward for preserving life; Sostrnm. 
 A votive offering hung up in the temples for a life 
 saved. 
 
 ZOANTHRO'PIA, Melanchol'ia zo'dnthro'pia, 
 from i,{jiov, 'an animal,' and uv^j)untog, 'a man.' 
 A species of monomania, in which the patient 
 believes himself transformed into an animal. 
 Lycanthropia and Cynanthropia belong to this 
 species of monomania. 
 
 ZOARA, Insomnia. 
 
 ZOE, Life. 
 
 ZOGRAPHIA, Zoographia. 
 
 ZOIATRIA, Veterinary art. 
 
ZOIATRUS 
 
 991 
 
 ZTGOMATiqUE 
 
 ZOIATRUS, Hippiater. 
 
 ZOMIDIUM, Jus. 
 
 ZOMOS, ConsommS, Jus. 
 
 ZONA, Herpes zoster — z. Castitatis, Hymen 
 — z. Ciliaris, Ciliary zone — z. Ignea, Herpes 
 zoster. 
 
 Zona Pellu'cida, Oolem'ma pellu' cidum, Vit'- 
 ellary membrane, Chorion (of some), (F.) Vitel- 
 line, Membrane vitelline. The membrane that 
 surrounds the yolk in the mammalia is so called 
 on account of its thickness and peculiar trans- 
 parency. 
 
 Zona Serpiginosa, Herpes zoster. 
 
 Zona Tendino'sa. The whitish circle around 
 the auriculo-ventricular orifice of the right side 
 of the heart. 
 
 Zona Virginitatis, Hymen. 
 
 ZONE, Cingulum. 
 
 ZONULA CILIARIS, see Ciliary, and Ciliary 
 zone — z. Cochleee, see Lamina spiralis — z. Hil- 
 dani, Cingulum Hildani — z. Zinnii, see Ciliary 
 zone. 
 
 ZOOBIOLOGIA, see Physiology. 
 
 ZOOCHEMIA, Chymistry, animal. 
 
 ZOOCHEM'ICAL, Zooeht/m'ical, Zobchem'icus, 
 Zoochijm'icus. Appertaining or having relation 
 to animal chymistry. 
 
 ZOOCHEMY, Chymistry, animal. 
 
 ZOOCHYMY, Chymistry, animal. 
 
 ZOOGENIUM, Azote. 
 
 7i00G"^NY, Zo'dffen'ia, Zo'dffen'esis, from ^asov, 
 'animal,' and yti'Etrjs, 'generation.' The doctrine 
 of animal formation. 
 
 ZOOG'RAPHY, Zo'dffra'pJiia, Zogra'phia, from 
 ^wov, and ypaiprj, ' a description.' A dcseription 
 of animals. The natural history of animali., 
 
 ZOOHEMATINE, Hsematine. 
 
 ZOOHY'LAS, from ^otov, and 'uX??, 'matter.' 
 Animal matter. 
 
 ZOOHY'LICA CONCREMEN'TA. Concre- 
 tions formed of animal matter. 
 
 Z 001 A SIS, Veterinary art. 
 
 ZO'OID, Zooi'des, Zoo'des; from ^uiov, 'ani- 
 mal,' and £(i5oj, 'resemblance.' Resembling or 
 belonging to an animal. Every living cell may 
 be regarded as a Zooid. 
 
 ZOOL'OG-IST, Zodlogis'ta, Zool'ogus, from 
 ^Mov, and Aoyoj, ' description.' One skilled in the 
 natural history of animals. 
 
 ZOOL'OGY, Zoolog"ia. Same etymon. The 
 natural history of animal?. 
 
 ZOOMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism, animal. 
 
 ZOOMYCUS, Mucus. 
 
 ZOOMYXA, Mucus. 
 
 ZOON, AnimaL 
 
 ZOONOM'IA, Organozoonom' ia,Zodn' amy , from 
 ^uov, and vofiog, 'law.' The laws which govern 
 the organic actions of animals in general: — Ani- 
 mal Physiol'ogy, Zoophysiolog"ia. 
 
 ZOONOSOLOG"IA, from ^iaov, voaog, 'a dis- 
 ease,' and \oyog, 'a description.' The nosology 
 of animals. 
 
 ZOOPATHOLOG"IA, from ^uov, rradoi, 'a dis- 
 ease,' and Xoyoi, 'a description.' The pathology 
 of animals. 
 
 ZOOPH'AGOUS, Zodph'agus, (P.) Zobphage, 
 from ^ii)ov, and (payto, ' I eat.' Feeding on ani- 
 mals. Carnivorous. 
 
 ZOOPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia. 
 
 ZOOPHYSIOLOGIA, Physiology, animal, Zo- 
 onomia. 
 
 ZO'OPHYTE, Zooph'ytum, Phytozo'bn, Animal 
 plant, from ^uiov, and (pvrov, ' a plant." A name 
 
 given to the lowest class of animals, which seem to 
 form the transition between the animal and the 
 vegetable kingdoms. 
 
 ZOOSIS, Animation, Zoagria. 
 
 ZOOSPERMATA, Spermatozoa. 
 
 Z0OSPER3IES, Spermatozoa. 
 
 ZOOTHAP'SIS, from ^m, 'life,' and euirru, 'I 
 inter.' Burial alive. Premature interment. 
 
 ZOOT'OMIST, Zootom'icus. Same etymon as 
 the next. One who dissects animals. 
 
 ZOOT'OMY, Zootom'ia, from ^mov, and re/ivw- 
 ' J. cut.' Anatom'ia anima'lis seu comyja^ati'na 
 seu eompara'ta, Theriot'omy, Compel^-' acive Ana- 
 tomy. The anatomy of animals. Animal ana- 
 tomy. 
 
 ZOPISSA, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 ZOPYRON, Fomites. 
 
 ZOSTER, Herpes zoster. 
 
 ZOSTER A MARINA, Pila marina — z. Mari- 
 tima, Pila marina. 
 
 ZOSTERE, Pila marina. 
 
 ZOUZINETTE, Narcissus pseudonarcissus. 
 
 ZOZAR, Saccharum. 
 
 ZUCARO, Saccharum. 
 
 ZUCCARUM, Saccharum. 
 
 ZUCHAR, Saccharum. 
 
 ZUCHARUM, Saccharum. 
 
 ZUCHRA, Saccharum. 
 
 ZULAPIUM, Julep. 
 
 ZYGAPOPHYSES, .see Vertebrse. 
 
 ZYGOMA, MalEe os. 
 
 ZYGOMAT'IC, Zygomat'icns, Juga'Ug, Jugal, 
 (F.) Zygomatique. That which relates to the 
 zygorra or cheek-bone. 
 
 fzooMATic Arch, see Zygomatic process — z. 
 Bone, Malse os. 
 
 Zygomatic Fossa is the space included between 
 the posterior margin of the outer ala of the pte- 
 rygoid process, and the crista which descends 
 from the malar tuberosity to the superior alveolar 
 margin. 
 
 ZYGOJfATic Mdscles are two in number. 1. 
 Zygomat'icns major, Distort'or Oris, (F.) Zygo- 
 mato-labial (Ch.), Jifuscle grand zygomatique, 
 which is situate obliquely at the fore-part and 
 sides of the face. It is a small, rounded muscle; 
 arises from the outer surface of the os malaa, and 
 is inserted at the commissure of the lips, which it 
 raises and draws outwards. It acts principally 
 in laughing. 2. Zygomat'icns minor, (F.) Petit 
 Zygomato-labial, (Ch ^j Petit Zygomatiqne, does 
 not always exist. It is situate on the inner side 
 of the last; arises from the outer surface of the 
 OS malag, and is inserted at the corner of the 
 mouth, or rather into the upper lip, which it raises 
 and draws outwards. 
 
 Zygomatic Process, Proces'sus zygomat'icns, 
 Apoph'ysis Zygomat'ica, Malar or Jngnl process, 
 (F.) Apophyse Zygomatiqne, arises from the outer 
 surface of the temporal bone by two roots, one of 
 which is transverse, {Condyle du temporal, Ch.,) 
 and the other longitudinal : between them is the 
 glenoid cavity. The process passes forwards, 
 and is articulated with the posterior angle of the 
 OS malae, with which it forms a bony bridge, 
 called the Zygomat'ic arch, Arcus seu Pons zyqo- 
 mat'icns, (F.) Arcade Zi/gomatiqne. The cavity, 
 beneath this bridge, is sometimes called Zygo'ma. 
 
 Zygomatic Suture is placed between the zy- 
 gomatic parts of the temporal and cheek bones; 
 and slants obliquely downwards and backwards. 
 
 ZTGOMATIQUE, Zygomatic— «. Grand, 
 Zygomaticus major — z. Petit, Zygomatious 
 minor. 
 
ZTOOMATO-LABIAL 
 
 992 
 
 ZYTHUS 
 
 ZYG03IAT0-LABIAL, Zygomaticus major 
 — z. Labial, petit, Zygomaticus major— z. Ifaxil- 
 laire, Masseter— z. Oriculaire, Anterior auris. 
 
 ZYGOPHYL'LUM FABA'GO, (F.) Fabagelle. 
 Ord. Zygophyllacese. A Syrian and Mauritanic 
 plant, possessed of an acrid and bitter taste. It 
 has vermifuge properties. The Arabs believe 
 that the recently expressed juice of Zygophyllum 
 simplex, is capable of removing specks from the 
 cornea. 
 
 ZYMA, Ferment. 
 
 ZYMOMA, Ferment 
 
 ZYMOSIS, Fermentation, see Zymotic. 
 
 ZYMOT'IC, Zymot'icna, (F.) Zymotique, from 
 ^u/xou), ' to ferment.' Relating or appertaining to 
 fermentation. A zymotic disease is any epidemic, 
 endemic, contagious or sporadic affection, which 
 is produced by some morbific principle acting on 
 the organism similar to a ferment — as the major 
 exanthemata, pyohsemia, &c. Zymoses has been 
 used by some to signify such affections. 
 
 ZYTHOGALA, Posset. 
 
 ZYTHUM, Cerevisia. 
 
 ZYTHUS, Cerevisia. 
 
 THE END. 
 
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 without expense, the following works which have passed through its columns : — 
 WATSON'S LECTURES ON THE PRACTICE OF PHYSIC. 
 BRODIE'S CLINICAL LECTURES ON SURGERY. 
 
 TODD AND BOWMAN'S PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF MAN. 
 WEST'S LECTURES ON THE DISEASES OF INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD. 
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 BENNETT ON PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS, with wood-cuts, 
 WEST ON ULCERATION OF THE OS UTERI, 
 
 BROWN ON THE SURGICAL DISEASES OF FEMALES, with wood-cuts, and 
 WEST ON DISEASES OF WOMEN, Part I. (See p. 32.) 
 
 While in the number for January, 1858, is commenced a new and highly important work, 
 HABERSHON ON DISEASES OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL. 
 It will be seen that this treatise covers the whole ground of affections of the Digestive Organs, 
 which furnish so very large a portion of the daily practice of the physician. The author's position 
 in Guy's Hospital, and the fact that the work has only just appeared in London, are sufficient guar- 
 antee that it IS up to the hour, and presents the most advanced condition of this department of medi- 
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AND SOIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 ALLEN (J. MJ, M. D., 
 
 ProfesBor of Aaatomy ia the Pennsylvania Medical Colfege, &c. 
 
 THE PRACTICAL ANATOMIST; or, The Student's Guide iu the Dissecting. 
 
 ROOM. With 266 illustrations. In one handsome royal 12mo. volume, of over 600 pages, lee- 
 
 ther. $2 25. 
 
 In the arrangement of this work, the author has endeavored to present a complete and thorough 
 course of dissections in a clearer and more available term for practical use, than has as yet been 
 accomplished. The chapters follow each other in the order in which dissections are usually con- 
 ducted in this country, and as each region is taken up, every detail regarding it is fully described 
 and illustrated, so that the student is not interrupted in his labors, hy the necessity of referring from 
 one portion of the volume to another. 
 
 However valuable may be the " Diseector's 
 Guides" w^hicti we, of late, have had occasion to 
 aotiee, we feel confident that the work of Dr. Allen 
 is superior to any of them. We believe with the 
 author, that none is so fully iliustrated as this, and 
 the arrangemeat of the work is such as to facilitate 
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 practical knowledge of Anatomy. We most cordi- 
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 We believe it to be one of the most useful works 
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 Exatniiier, Dec. 1858. 
 
 From Prof. J. S. Davis, University of Va. 
 
 I am not acquainted v/ith any work that attains so 
 fully the object which it proposes. 
 
 From C. P. Fanner, M. B ., Demonstrator, Uni- 
 rsersity of Michigan. 
 
 I have examined th^e work briefly, but even this 
 examinati'in has convinced me that it is an excellent 
 guide for the Dissector. Its illustrations are beau- 
 tiful, and more than I have seen in a woik of this 
 kind. I shall take great pleasure in recommending 
 it to my classes as ike text-book of the dissecting- 
 r^jom. 
 
 ANALYTICAL COMPENDIUM 
 
 OF MEDICAL SCIENCE, containing Anatomy, Physiology, Surgery, Midwifery, 
 
 Chemistry, Materia Medica, Therapeutics, and Practice of Medicine. By John Neill, M. D.. 
 and F. G. Smith, M. D. Nev/ and enlarged edition, one thick volume royal 12mo. of over 
 1060 pages, with 374 illustrations. $3 00. ^^ See Neill, p. 24. 
 
 ABEL (F. AJ, F. C. S. AND C. L. BLOXAM. 
 HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTPtY, Theoretical, Practical, and Technical; with a 
 
 Recommendatory Preface by Dr. Hofjiann. In one large octavo volume, extra cloth, of 662 
 pages, with illustratiofls. $-3 25. 
 
 ASHWELL (SAMUEL), M.D., 
 Obstetric Physician and Lecturer to Guy's Hospital, London. 
 
 A PPtACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES PECULIAR TO WOMEN. 
 
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 Jouraai. 
 
 The most able, and certainly the most standard 
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 ARNOTT (NEILL), M. D. 
 ELEMENTS OF PHYSICS; or Natural Philosophy, General and Medical. 
 
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 BUDD (GEORGE), M. D., F. R. S., 
 
 Professor of Medicine in King's College, London. 
 
 ON DISEASES OF THE LIVER. Third American, from the third and 
 
 enlarged London edition. In one very handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, with four beauti- 
 fully colored plates, and numerous wood-cuts. pp. 500. $3 00. (Just Issiied.) 
 Has fairly established for itself a place among the i is not perceptibly changed, the history of liver dis- 
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 artd Foreign Medico-C'hir. Review, July, 165V. : with the progress of modern science. It is the best 
 
 Dr. Budd's Treatise on Diseases of the Liver is work on Diseases of the Liver in any language.— 
 now a standard work in Medical literature, and dur- London Med. Times and Gazette, Jane 27, 1S57. 
 ing the intervals which have elapsed between the ' This work, now the standard book of reference on 
 successive editions, the author has incorporated into the diseases of which it treats, has been carefuDv 
 the text the most striking novelties which have cha- revised, and many new illustrations of the views of 
 
 racterized the recentprogress of hepatic physiology the learned author added in the present edition 
 
 and pathology ; so thatalthough the size of the book \ Dublin Quarterly Journal, Aug. 1&57. 
 
 BY THE SAME AtTTHOR. 
 
 ON THE ORGANIC DISEASES AND FUxVCTIONAL DISORDERS OF 
 
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 From the high position occupied by Dr. Budd as style, the subjects are well arranged, and the practi- 
 a teacher, a writer, and a practitioner, it is almost eal precepts, both of diagnosis and treatment denote 
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 Bultedwithgreatadvantage. It is written in an easy sic.inn.— London Med. Ti?nes and Gazette. 
 
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 BUCKNILL (J. C), M. D., 
 
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 BENNETT (J. HUGHES), M.D., F. R. S. E., 
 
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 THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OP PULMONARY TUBERCU- 
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 BENNETT (HENRY), M. D. 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON INFLAMMATION OF THE UTERUS, 
 
 ITS CERVIX AND APPENDAGES, and on its connection with Uterine Disease. New and 
 much enlarged edition, preparing by the author for publication in 1859. 
 
 of the day ; and even now we have reason to know 
 that the bulk of the profession are not fully alive to 
 
 We are firmly of opinion that in proportion as a 
 knowledge of uterine diseases becomes more appre- 
 ciated, this work will be proportionably established 
 as a text- book in the profession. — The Lancet. 
 
 When, a few years back, the first edition of the 
 present work was published, the subject was one al- 
 most entirely unknown to the obstetrical celebrities 
 
 the importance and frequency of the disease of which 
 it takes cognizance. The present edition is so much 
 enlarged, altered, and improved, that it can scarcely 
 be considered the same work. — Dr. Ranking' s Ab- 
 stract. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 A REVIEW OF THE PRESENT STATE OF UTERINE PATHOLOGY. 
 
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 BIRD (GOLDING), A. M., M. D., &.C. 
 URINARY DEPOSITS : THEIR DIAGNOSIS, PATHOLOGY, AND 
 
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 admirably brings into practical application the re- edition of his work, it is obvious that Dr. Golding 
 suits of those microscopical and chemical researches Bird has spared no pains to render it a faithful repre- 
 regardiug the physiology and pathology of the uri- sentation of the present state of scientific knowledge 
 nary secretion, which have contributed so much to on the subject it embraces. — The British and Foreign 
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 PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF MEDICAL CHEMISTRY. Second Ame- 
 
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 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, INCLUDING ANA- 
 
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 JOHN WILLIAM GRIFFITH, G. OWEN 
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 BRODIE'S CLINICAL LECTURES ON SUR- 
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AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 BARCLAY (A. W.) M.D., 
 
 Assistant Physician to St. George's Hospital, &c. 
 
 A MANUAL OF MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS j being an Analysis of the Signs 
 
 and Symptoms of Disease. Iq one neat octavo volume, extra cloth, of 424 pages. $2 00. (Anew 
 toork^ now ready .) 
 
 Of works exclusively devoted to this important 
 branch, our profession has at command, compara- 
 tively, but few, and, therefore, in the publication of 
 the present work, Messrs. Blanchard & Lea have 
 conferred a great favor upon us. Dr. Barclay, from 
 having occupied, for a long period, the position of 
 Medical Registrar at St. George's Hospital, pos- 
 sessed advantages for correct observation and reli- 
 able conclusions, as to the significance of symptoms, 
 which have fallen to the lot of but few, either in 
 
 his own or any other country. He has carefully _ _^ ^ 
 
 systematized the results of his observation of over | tioner.— iV. A. Med. Journal, April," 1858. 
 twelve thousand patients, and by his diligence and 
 judicious classification, the profession has been 
 presented with the most convenient and reliable 
 w^ork on the subject of Diasfnosis that it has been 
 our good fortune ever to examine; we can, there- 
 fore, say of Dr. Barclay's work, that, from his sys- 
 
 deficiency, is the object of Dr. Barclay's Manual. 
 The task of composing such a work is neither an 
 easy nor a light one ; but Dr. Barclay has performed 
 it in a manner which meets our most unqualified 
 approbation. He is no mere theorist; he knows his 
 work thoroughly, and in attempting to perform it, 
 has not exceeded his powers. — British Med. Journal , 
 Dec. 5, 1857. 
 
 We venture to predict that the work wil! be de- 
 servedly popular, and soon become, like Watson's 
 Practice, an indispensable necessity to the practi- 
 
 An inestimable work of reference for the young 
 practitioner and student. — Nashville Med. Journal, 
 May, 1858. 
 
 We hope the volume will have an extensive cir- 
 culation, not among students of medicine only, but 
 
 tematic manner of arrangement, his work is one of ■ practitioners also. They will never regret a faith- 
 the best works " for reference" in the daily emer- j ful study of its pages.— Ci)iciwnaJiLa«cc«, Mar. '58. 
 gencies of the practitioner, with which we are ac- y/its Manioal of Medical Diagnosis is one of the 
 quainted; but, at the same time, we would recom- I ^^g^ scientific, useful, and instructive works of its 
 mend our readers, especially the younger ones, to , j^j^^j ^]^^^ ^g j^ave ever read, and Dr. Barclay has 
 read thoroughly and study diligently thewAoZe work, j done good service to medical science in collecting, 
 and the '•emergencies" will not occur so often.— | arranging, and analyzing the signs and symptoms 
 Southern Med. and Surg. Journ., March, 185S. | ^f g,, ^j^^y diseases. —iV. /. Med. and Surg. Re- 
 
 To give this information, to supply this admitted i porter, March, 185S. 
 
 BARLOW (GEORGE H.), M. D. 
 
 Physician to Guy's Hospital, London, &c. 
 
 A MANUAL OF THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. With Additions by D. 
 
 F. CoNDiE, M.D. , author of "A Practical Treatise on Diseases of Children," &c. In one hand- 
 some octavo volume, leather, of over 600 pages. $2 75. 
 
 We recommendDr. Barlow's Manual in the warm- 
 est manner as a most valuable vade-mecum. We 
 have had frequent occasion to consult it, and have 
 found it clear, concise, practical, and sound. It is 
 eminently a practical work, containing all that is 
 essential, and avoiding useless theoretical discus- 
 sion. The work supplies what has been for some 
 time wanting, a manual of practice based upon mo- 
 dern discoveries in pathology and rational views of 
 treatment of disease. It is especially intended for 
 the use of students and junior practitioners, but it 
 
 will be found hardly less useful to the experiencea 
 physician. The American editor has added to the 
 work three chapters — on Cholera Infantum, Yellow 
 Fever, and Cerebro-spinal Meningitis. These addi- 
 tions, the two first of which are indispensable to a 
 work on practice destined for the profession in this 
 country, are executed with great judgment and fi- 
 delity, by Dr. Condie, who has also succeeded hap- 
 pily in imitating the conciseness and clearness of 
 style which are such agreeable characteristics of 
 the original book. — Boston Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 BARTLETT (ELISHA), M. D. 
 THE HISTORY, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF THE FEVERS 
 
 OF THE UNITED STATES. A new and revised edition. By Alonzo Clark, M. D., Prof, 
 of Pathology and Practidal Medicine in the N. Y. College of Physicians and Surgeons, &c. In 
 one octavo volume, of six hundred pages, extra cloth. Price $3 00. 
 
 It is the best work on fevers which has emanated 
 from the American presS; and the present editor has 
 carefully availed himself of all informatum exist- 
 ing upon the subject in the Old and New World, so 
 that the doctrines advanced are brought down to the 
 latest date in the progress of this department of 
 Medical Science. — London Med. Times and Gazette, 
 May 2, 1857. 
 
 This excellent monograph on febrile disease, has 
 stood deservedly high since its first publication. It 
 will be seen that it has now reached its fourth edi- 
 tion under the supervision of Prof. A. Clark, a gen- 
 tleman who, from the nature of his studies and pur- 
 suits, is well calculated to appreciate and discuss 
 the many intricate and difficult questions in patho- 
 
 logy. His annotations add much to the interest of 
 the work, and have brought it well up to the condi- 
 tion of the science as it exists at the present day 
 in regard to this class of diseases. — Southern Med. 
 and Surg. Journal, Mar. 1857. 
 
 It is a work of great practical value and interest, 
 containing much that is new relative to the several 
 diseases of which it treats, and, with the additions 
 of the editor, is fully up to the times. The distinct- 
 ive features of the different forms of fever are plainly 
 and forcibly portrayed, and the lines of demarcation 
 carefully and accurately drawn, and to the Ameri- 
 can practitioner is a more valuable and safe guide 
 than any work on fever extant. — Ohio Med. and 
 Surg Journal, May, 1857. 
 
 BROWN (ISAAC BAKER), 
 
 Surgeon- Accoucheur to St. Mary's Hospital, &c. 
 
 ON SOME DISEASES OF WOMEN ADMITTING OF SURGICAL TREAT- 
 
 MENT. With handsome illustrations. One vol. 8vo., extra cloth, pp. 276. 
 
 Mr. Brown has earned for himself a high reputa- 
 tion in the operative treatment of sundry diseases 
 and injuries to which females are peculiarly subject. 
 We can truly say of his work that it is an important 
 addition to obstetrical literature. The operative 
 suggestions and contrivances which Mr. Brown de- 
 scribes, exhibit much practical sagacity and skill, 
 
 fl 60. 
 and merit the careful attention of every surgeon- 
 accoucheur. — Association Journal. 
 
 We have no hesitation in recommending this book 
 to the careful attention of all surgeons who make 
 female complaints a part of their study and practice. 
 — Dublin (Quarterly Journal. 
 
6 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 CARPENTER (WILLIAM BJ, M. D., F. R. S., Sec, 
 
 Examiner in Physiology and Comparative Anatomy in the University of London. 
 
 PRINCIPLES OP HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY; with their chief applications to 
 
 Psychology, Patholog-y, Therapeutics, Hygiene, and Forensic Medicine. A new American, from 
 the last and revised London edition. With nearly three hundred illustrations. Edited, with addi- 
 tions, by Francis Gurney Smith, M. D., Professor of the Institutes of Medicine in the Pennsyl- 
 vania Medical College, &c. In one very large and beautil'ul octavo volume, of about nine hundred 
 large pages, handsomely printed and strongly bound in leather, with raised bands. $4 25. 
 
 In the preparation of this new edition, the auihor ha> spared no labor to render it, as heretofore, 
 a complete and lucid exposition of the most advanced condition of its important subject. The 
 amount of the additions required to effect this object thoroughly, joined to the former large size of 
 the volume, presenting objections arising from the unwieldy bulk of the work, he has omitted all 
 those portions not bearing directly upon Human Physiology, designing to incorporate them in 
 his forthcoming Treatise on General Physiology. As a full and accurate text-book on the Phy- 
 siology of Man, the work in its present condition therefore presents even greater claims upon 
 the student and physician than those which have heretofore won for it the very wide and distin- 
 guished favor which it has so long enjoyed. The additions of Prof. Smith will be found to supply 
 whatever may have been wanting to the American student, while the introduction of many new 
 illustrations, and the most careful mechanical execution, render the volume one of the most at- 
 tractive as yet issued. 
 
 For upwards of thirteen years Dr. Carpenter's j To eulogize this great work would be superfluous 
 work has been considered by the profession gene- We should observe, however, that in this edition 
 rally, both in this country and England, as the most the author has remodelled a large portion of the 
 valuable compendium on the subject of physiology I former, and the editor has added much matter of in- 
 "" ■ ' ■■ ■' '■ . - .. V ■ 1 jgjest^ ggpg(.ja]iy in the form of illustrations. We 
 
 may confidently recommend it as the most complete 
 work on Human Physiology in our language. — 
 Southern Med. and Surg. Journal, December, 1855. 
 
 The most complete work on the science in our 
 language. — Am. Med. Journal. 
 
 The most complete work now extant in our lan- 
 guage. — iV. O. Med. Register. 
 
 The best text-book in the language on this ex- 
 tensive subject. — London Med. Times. 
 
 A complete cyclopaedia of this branch of science. 
 — JV. Y. Med. Times. 
 
 The profession of this country, and perhaps also 
 of Europe, have anxiously and for some time awaited 
 the announcement of this new edition of Carpenter's 
 Human Physiology. His former editions have for 
 many years been almost the only text-book on Phy- 
 siology in all our medical schools, and its circula- 
 tion among the profession has been unsurpassed by 
 any work in any department of medical science. 
 
 It is quite unnecessary for us to speak of this 
 work as its merits virould justify. The mere an- 
 nouncement of its appearance will afford the highest 
 pleasure to every student of Physiology, while its 
 perusal will be of infinite service in advancing 
 physiological science. — Ohio Med. and Surg. Jouni. 
 
 in our language. This distinction it owes to the high 
 attainments and unwearied industry of its accom- 
 plished author. The present edition (which, like the 
 last American one, was prepared by the author him- 
 self), is the result of such extensive revision, that it 
 may almost be considered a new work. We need 
 hardly say, in concluding thisbrief notice, that while 
 the work is indispensable to every student of medi- 
 cine in this country, it will amply repay the practi- 
 tioner for its perusal by the interest and value of its 
 contents. — Boston Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 This is a standard work — the text-book used by all 
 medical students who read the English language. 
 It has passed through several editions in order to 
 keep pace with the rapidly growing science of Phy- 
 siology. Nothing need be said in its praise, for its 
 merits are universally known ; we have nothing to 
 say of its defects, for they only appear where the 
 science of which it treats is incomplete. — Western 
 Lancet. 
 
 The most complete exposition of physiology which 
 any language can at present give. — Brit, and For. 
 Med.-Chirurg. Review. 
 
 The greatest, the most reliable, and the best book 
 on the subject which we know of in the English 
 language. — Stethoscope, 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. {Lately Issued.) 
 
 PRINCIPLES OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY. New Ameriean, from 
 
 the Fourth and Revised London edition. In one large and handsome octavo volume, with over 
 three hundred beautiful illustrations, pp.752. Extra cloth, $4 80 ; leather, raised bands, $5 25. 
 
 The delay which has existed in the appearance of this work has been caused by the very thorough 
 revision and remodelling which it has undergone at the hands of the author, and the large number 
 of new illustrations which have been prepared for it. It will, therefore, be found almost a new 
 work, and fully up to the day in every department of the subject, rendering it a reliable text-book 
 for all students engaged in this branch of science. Every effort has been made to render its typo- 
 graphical finish and mechanical execution worthy of its exalted reputation, and creditable to the 
 mechanical arts of this country. 
 
 This book should not only be read but thoroughly 
 studied by every member of the profession. None 
 are too wise or old, to be benefited thereby. But 
 especially to the younger class would we cordially 
 commend it as best fitted of any work in the English 
 language to qualify them for the reception and com- 
 prehension of those truths which are dailj' being de- 
 veloped in physiology. — Medical Counsellor. 
 
 Without pretending to it, it is an encyclopedia of 
 the subject, accurate and complete in all respects — 
 a truthful reflection of the advanced state at which 
 the science has now arrived. — Dublin Quarterly 
 Journal of Medical Science. 
 
 A truly magnificent work — in itself a perfect phy- 
 siological study. — Banking's Abstract. 
 
 This work stands without its fellow. It is one 
 few men in Europe could have undertaken ; it is one 
 
 I no man, we believe, could have brought to so suc- 
 cessful an issue as Dr. Carpenter. It required for 
 its production a physiologist at once deeply read in 
 the labors of others, capable of taking a general, 
 critical, and unprejudiced view of those labors, and 
 of combining the varied, heterogeneous materials at 
 his disposal, so as to form an harmonious whole. 
 We feel that this abstract can give the reader a very 
 imperfect idea of the fulness of this work, and no 
 idea of its unity, of the admirable manner in which 
 material has been brought, from the most various 
 sources, to conduce to its completeness, of the lucid- 
 ity of the reasoning it contains, or of the clearness 
 of language in which the whole is clothed. Not the 
 profession only, but the scientific world at large, 
 must feel deeply indebted to Dr. Carpenter for this 
 great work. It must, indeed, add largely even to 
 his high reputation. — Medical Times. 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 CARPENTER (WILLIAM B.), M. D., F. R. S., 
 
 Examiner in Physiology and Comparative Anatomy in tlie University of London. 
 
 THE MICROSCOPE AND ITS REVELATIONS. With an Appendix con- 
 taining the Applications of tiie Microscope to Clinical Medicine, &c. By F. G. Smith, M. D. 
 Illustrated by four hundred and thirty-four beautiful engravings on wood. In one large and very 
 handsome octavo volume, of 724 pages, extra cloth, $4 00 ; leather, $4 50. 
 
 Dr. Carpenter's position as a microscopist and physiologist, and his great experience as a teacher 
 eminently qualify him to produce what has long been wanted — a good text-book on the practical 
 use of the microscope. In the present volume his object has been, as stated in his Preface, " to 
 combine, within a moderate compass, that information with regard to the use of his ' tools,' which 
 is most essential to the working microscopist, with such an account of the objects best fitted for 
 his study, as might qualify him to comprehend what he observes, and might thus prepare him to 
 benefit science, whilst expanding and refreshing his own mind " That he has succeeded in accom- 
 plishing this, no one acquainted with his previous labors can doubt. 
 
 The great importance of the microscope as a means of diagnosis, and the number of microsco- 
 pists who are also physicians, have induced the American publishers, with the author's approval, to 
 add an Appendix, carefully prepared by Professor Smith, on the applications of the instrument to 
 clinical medicine, together with an account of American Microscopes, their modifications and 
 accessories. This portion of the work is illustrated with nearly one hundred wood-cuts, and, it is 
 hoped, will adapt the volume more particularly to the use of the American student. 
 
 Every care has been taken in the mechanical execution of the work, which is confidently pre- 
 sented as in no respect inferior to the choicest productions of the London press. 
 
 The mode in which the author has executed his intentions may be gathered from the following 
 condensed synopsis of the 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Introduction — History of the Microscope. Chap. I. Optical Principles of the Microscope, 
 Chap. II. Construction of the Microscope. Chap. III. Accessory Apparatus. Chap. IV. 
 Management of the Microscope Chap. V. Preparation, Mounting, and Collection of Objects. 
 Chap. VI. Microscopic Forms of Vegetable Life — Protophytes. Chap. VII. Higher Cryptoga- 
 mia. Chap. VIII. Phanerogamic Plants. Chap. IX. Microscopic Forms of Animal Life — Pro- 
 tozoa — Animalcules. Chap. X. Foraminifera, Polycystina, and Sponges. Chap. XI. Zoophytes. 
 Chap. XII. Echinodermata. Chap. XIII. Polyzoa and Compound Tunicata. Chap. XIV. 
 Molluscous Animals Generally. Chap. XV. Annulosa. Chap. XVI. Crustacea. Chap. XVII. 
 Insects and Arachnida. Chap XVIII. Vertebrated Animals. Chap. XIX. Applications of the 
 Microscope to Geology. Chap. XX. Inorganic or Mineral Kingdom — Polarization. Appendix. 
 Microscope as a means of Diagnosis — Injections — Microscopes of American Manutacture. 
 
 Those who are acquainted with Dr. Carpenter's 
 previous writings on Animal and Vegetable Physio- 
 logy, willfully understand how vast a store of know- 
 ledge he is able to bring to bear upon so comprehen- 
 sive a subject as the revelations of the microscope ; 
 and even those who have no previous acquaintance 
 with the construction or uses of this instrument, 
 will find abundance of information conveyed in clear 
 and simple language. — Med. Times and Gazette. 
 
 Although originally not intended as a strictly 
 
 medical work, the additions by Prof. Smith give it 
 a positive claim upon the profession, for which we 
 doubt not he will receive their sincere thanks. In- 
 deed, we know not where the student of medicine 
 will find such a complete and satisfactory collection 
 of microscopic facts bearing upon physiology and 
 practical medicine as is contained in Prof. Smith's 
 appendix; and this of itself, it seems to us, is fully 
 worth the cost of the volume. — Louisville Medical 
 Review, Nov. 1856. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 ELEMENTS (OR MANUAL) OF PHYSIOLOGY, INCLUDING PHYSIO- 
 
 LOGICAL ANATOMY. Second American, from a new and revised London edition. With 
 
 one hundred and ninety illustrations. In one very handsome octavo volume, leather, pp. 566. 
 
 $3 00. 
 
 In publishing the first edition of this work, its title was altered from that of the London volume, 
 by the substitution of the word "Elements" for that of " Manual," and with the author's sanction 
 the title of "Elements" is still retained as being more expressive of the scope of the treatise. 
 
 To say that it is the best manual of Physiology 
 now before the public, would not do sufficient justice 
 to the author. — Buffalo Medical Journal. 
 
 In his former works it would seem that he had 
 exhausted the subjectof Physiology. In the present, 
 he gives the essence, asit v/ere, of the whole. — N. Y. 
 Journal of Medicine. 
 
 Those who have occasion for an elementary trea- 
 tise on Physiology, cannot do better than to possess 
 themselves of the manual of Dr. Carpenter. — Medical 
 Examiner. 
 
 The best and most complete expos6 of modern 
 Physiology, in one volume, extant in the English 
 language. — St. Louis Medical Journal. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Preparing.) 
 
 PRINCIPLES OF GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY, INCLUDING ORGANIC 
 
 CHEMISTRY AND HISTOLOGY. With a General Sketch of the Vegetable and Animal 
 Kingdom. In one large and very handsome octavo volume, with several hundred illustrations. 
 The subject of general physiology having been omitted in the last editions ol the author's "Com- 
 parative Physiology" and " Human Physiology," he has undertaken to prepare a volume which 
 shall present it more thoroughly and fully than has yet been attempted, and which may be regarded 
 as an introduction to his other works. 
 
 BY THE SAME ATTTHOR. 
 
 A PRIZE ESSAY ON THE USE OF ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS IN HEALTH 
 
 AND DISEASE. New edition, with a Preface by D. F. Condie, M. D., and explanations of 
 scientific words. In one neat I2mo. volume, extra cloth, pp. 178. 50 cents. 
 
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 CONDIE (D. FJ, M. D., &.C. 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF CHILDREN. 
 
 Fifth 
 
 erlition. revised and augmented. In one large volume, 8vo., leather, of over 750 pages. $3 25. 
 
 (Now Ready, December, 1858.) 
 
 In presenting a new and revised edition cf this favorite work, the publishers have only to state 
 that the author has endeavored to render it in every respect "a oompleie and faithful exposition of 
 the pathology and therapeutics of the maladies incident to the earlier stages of existence — a full 
 and exact account of the diseases of infancy and childhood." To accomplish this he has subjected 
 the whole work to a careful and thorough revision, rewriting a considerable portion, and adding 
 several new chapters. In this manner it is hoped that any deficiencies which may have previously 
 existed have been supplied, that the recent labors of practitioners and observers have been tho- 
 roughly incorporated, ard that in every point the work will be found to maintain the high reputation 
 it has enjoyed as a complete and thoroughly practical book of reierence in infantile affections. 
 
 A few notices of previous editions are subjoined. 
 
 Dr. Condie's scholarship, acumerij industry, and 
 practical sense are manifested in this, as in all his 
 Bumerous contributions to science. — Dr. Holmes^s 
 Report to the American Medical Association. 
 
 Taken as a whole, in our judgment. Dr. Condie's 
 Treatise is the one from the perusal of w^hieh the 
 practitioner in this country will rise with the great- 
 est satisfaction. — Western Journal of Medicine and 
 Surgery. 
 
 One of the best works upon the Diseases of Chil- 
 dren in the English language. — Western Lancet. 
 
 We feel assured from actual experience that no 
 physician's library' can be complete without a copy 
 of this work. — N. Y. Journal of Medicine. 
 
 A veritable psEdiatrie encyclopEedia, and an honor 
 to American medical literature. — Ohio Medical and 
 Surgical Journal. 
 
 We feel persuaded that the American medical pro- 
 fession will soon regard it not only as a very good, 
 but as the veey best "Practical Treatise on the 
 Diseases of Children." — American MedicalJournal 
 
 In the department of infantile therapeutics, the 
 work of Dr. Condie is considered one of the best 
 which tias been published in the English language. 
 — The Stethoscope. 
 
 We pronounced the first edition to be the best 
 
 work on the diseases of children in the English 
 language, and, notwithstanding all that has been 
 published, we still regard it in that light. — Medical 
 Examiner. 
 
 Tlie value of works by native authors on the dis- 
 eases which the physician is called upon to combat, 
 will be appreciated by all ; and the work of Dr. Con- 
 die has gained for itself the character of a safe guide 
 for students, and a useful work for consultation by 
 those engaged in practice. — N. Y. Med. Times. 
 
 This is the fourth edition of this deservedly popu- 
 lar treatise. During the interval since the last edi- 
 tion, it has been subjected to a thorough revision 
 by the author; and all new observations in the 
 pathology and therapeutics of children have been 
 included in the present volume. As w^e said b«fore, 
 we do not know of a better book on diseases of chil- 
 dren, and to a large part of its recommendations we 
 yield an unhesitating concurrence. — Buffalo Med. 
 Journal. 
 
 Perhaps the most full and complete work now be- 
 fore the profession of the United States ; indeed, we 
 may say in the English language. It is vastly supe- 
 rior to most of its predecessors. — Transylvania Med. 
 Journal, 
 
 CHRISTISON (ROBERT), M. D., V. P. R. S. E., &.C. 
 A DISPENSATORY; or, Commentary on the Pharmacopoeias of Great Britain 
 
 and the United States ; comprising the Natural History, Description, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Ac- 
 tions, Uses, and Doses of the Articles of the Materia Medica. Second edition, revised and im- 
 proved, with a Supplement containing the most important New Remedies. With copious Addi- 
 tions, and two hundred and thirteen large wood-engravings. By R. Eglesfeld Griffith, M. D. 
 In one very large and handsome octavo volume, leather, raised bands, of over 1000 pages. $3 50. 
 
 COOPER (BRANSBY 8.), F. R. S. 
 LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY. 
 
 In one very large octavo volume, extra cloth, of 750 pages. $3 00. 
 
 COOPER ON DISLOCATIONS AND FRAC- 
 TURES OF THE JOINTS.— Edited by Bkansby 
 B. CooPES, F.R.S., &c. With additional Ob- 
 servations by Prof. J. C. Wareen. A new Ame- 
 rican edition. In one handsome octavo volume, 
 extra cloth, of about 500 pages, with numerous 
 illustrations on wood. $3 25. 
 
 COOPER ON THE ANATOMY AND DISEASES 
 OF THE BREAST, with twenty-five Miscellane- 
 ous and Surgical Papers. One large volume, im- 
 perial 8vo., extra cloth, with 252 figures, on 36 
 $2 50. 
 
 COOPER ON THE STRUCTURE AND DIS- 
 EASES OF THE TESTIS, AND ON THE 
 THYMUS GLAND. One vol. imperial Svo., ex- 
 tra cloth, with 177 figures on 29 plates. $2 00. 
 
 COPLAND ON THE CAUSES, NATURE, AND 
 TREATMENT OF PALSY AND APOPLEXY. 
 In one volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth, pp. 326. 
 80 cents. 
 
 CLYMER ON FEVERS; THEIR DIAGNOSIS, 
 PATHOLOGY, AND TREATMENT In one 
 octavo volume, leather, of 600 pages. $1 50. 
 
 COLOMBAT DEL'ISERE ON THE DISEASES 
 
 OF FEMALES, and on the special Hygiene of 
 their Sex. Translated, with many Notes and Ad- 
 ditions, by C. D. Meigs, M. D. Second edition, 
 revised and improved. In one large volume, oc- 
 tavo, leather, with numerous wood-cuts. pp. 720. 
 $3 50. 
 
 CARSON (JOSEPH), M. D., 
 
 Professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacy in the University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE COURSE OF LECTURES ON MATERIA MEDICA 
 
 AND PHARMACY, delivered in the University ol Pennsylvania. Second and revised edi- 
 tion. In one very neat octavo volume, extra cloth, oi 208 pages. $] 50. 
 
 CURLING (T. B.), F. R.S., 
 
 Surgeon to the London Hospital, President of the Hunterian Society, &c. 
 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON DISEASES OP THE TESTIS, SPERMA- 
 TIC CORD, AND SCROTUM. Second American, from the second and enlarged English edi- 
 tioH. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, with ntunerous illustrations, pp. 420. $2 00. 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 CHURCHILL (FLEETWOOD), M. D., M. R. I. A. 
 ON THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OP MIDWIFERY. Edited, with 
 
 Notes and Additions, by D. Francis Condie, M. D., author of a "Practical Treatise on the 
 
 Dif^eases of Children," &c. With 139 illustrations. In one very handsome octavo volume, 
 
 leather, pp.510. $3 00. 
 
 To bestow praise on a book that has received such I No work holds a higher position, or is more de- 
 marked approbation would be superfluous. We need serving of being placed in the hands of the tyro 
 only say, therefore, that if the first edition was the advanced student, or the practitioner.— ilf«(ZicaJ 
 thought worthy of a favorable reception by the Examiner. 
 
 Previous editions, under the editorial supervision 
 of Prof R. M. Huston, have been received with 
 marked favor, and they deserved it; but this, re- 
 printed from a very late Diiblin edition, carefully 
 revised and brought up by the author to the present 
 time, does present an unusually accurate and able 
 exposition of every important particular embraced 
 in the department of midwifery. * * The clearness, 
 directness, and precision of its teachings, together 
 with the great amount of statistical research which 
 its text exhibits, have served to place it already in 
 the foremost rank of works in this department of re- 
 medial science.— iV. 0. Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 In our opinion, it forms one of the best if not the 
 very best text-book and epitome of obstetric science 
 which we at present possess in the English lan- 
 guage. — Monthly Journal of Medical Science. 
 
 The clearness and precision of style in which it is 
 written, and the greatamount of statistical research 
 which it contains, have served to place it in the first 
 rank of works in this departmentof medical science. 
 — N. Y. Journal of Medicine. 
 
 Few treatises will be found better adapted as a 
 text-book for the student, or as a manual for the 
 frequent consultation of the young practitioner. — 
 American Medical Journal. 
 
 medical public, we can confidently affirm that this 
 will be found much more so. The lecturer, the 
 practitioner, and the student, may all have recourse 
 to its pages, and derive from their perusal much in- 
 terest and instruction in everything relating to theo- 
 retical and practical midwifery.— i)«62i»i Quarterly 
 Journal of Medical Science. 
 
 A work of very great merit, and such as we can 
 confidently recommend to the study of every obste- 
 tric practitioner. — London Medical G-azette. 
 
 This is certainly the most perfect system extant. 
 It is the best adapted for the purposes of a text- 
 book, and that which he whose necessities confine 
 him to one book, should select in prelerence to all 
 others.— Sou«;i«r»i Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 The most popular work on midwifery ever issued 
 from the American press.— CAarZesJoji Med. Journal. 
 
 Were we reduced to the necessity of having but 
 one work on midwifery, and permitted to choose, 
 we would unhesitatingly take Churchill.— W^estern 
 Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 It is impossible to conceive a more useful and 
 elegant manual than Dr. Churchill's Practice of 
 Midwifery. — Provincial Medical Journal. 
 
 Certainly, in our opinion, the very best work on i 
 the subject which exists.— iV. Y. Annalist. I 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. {Just Issued.) 
 
 ON THE DISEASES OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN. Second American 
 
 Edition, revised and enlarged by the author. Edited, with Notes, by W. V. KEATma, M. D In 
 
 one large and handsome volume, extra cloth, of over 700 pages. $3 00, or in leather, f .i i5. 
 
 In preparing this work a second time for the American profession, the author has spared no 
 labor in °-ivin- it a very thorough revision, introducing several new chapters, and rewriting others, 
 while every portion of the volume has been subjected to a severe scrutiny. The efforts of the 
 American editor have been directed to supplying such information relative to matters pec^uliar 
 to this country as might have escaped the attention of the author, and the whole may, there- 
 fore be safely pronounced one of the most complete works on the subject accessible to the Ame- 
 rican Profession. By an alteration in the size of the page, these very extensive additions have 
 been accommodated without unduly increasing the size of the work. 
 
 This work contains a vast amount of interesting 1 contribution for the illustration of its topics. The 
 matter which is so well ananged and so curtly material thusderivedhasbeen used with consummate 
 worded that the book may be regarded as an ency- ! skill, and the result has been a work creaitable alike 
 clopaedia of information upon the subject of wnich ; to the author and his country.-iV. A. Medico-Chir. 
 it treats. It is certainly also a monument of Dr. j Review, May, ]8o8. 
 
 ChurchilPs untiring industry, inasmuch as there is i After this meagre, and we know, very imperfect 
 not a siaglework upon thediseases of children with Qoticeof Dr. Churchill's work, we shall conclude 
 which we are acquainted that is not fully referred t by saying, that it is one that cannot fail from its co- 
 to and quoted from in its pages, and scarcely a con- \ piousness, extensive research, and general accuracy, 
 tribution of the least importance to any British or 1 to exalt still higher the reputation of the author in 
 ForeignMedical Journal, for some years past, which (.jjjg country. The American reader willbeparticu- 
 is not A Oi\y noticeA.— London Lancet, Feb. 20, 1858. I larly pleased to find that Dr. Churchill has done full 
 
 Availing himself of every fresh source of informa- | justice through(mt his work to the various American 
 tion Dr Churchill endeavored.with his accustomed I authors on this subject. The names of Dewees, 
 ndu'stry' and perseverance, to bring his work up to i Eberle, Condie, and Stewart, occur on nearly every 
 the present state of medical knowledge in all the page, and these authors are constantly referred toby 
 subjects of which ic treats; and in this endeavor he \ the author in terms of the highest praise and with 
 has we feel bound to say, been eminently success- | the most liberal courtesy.— r/ie Medical Examiner. 
 
 ful. Besides the addition of more than one hundred 
 and thirty pages of matter, we observe that some 
 entirely new and important chapters are introduced, 
 viz : on paraly jis, syphilis, phthisis, sclerema, &c. 
 &c. As the work now stands, it is, we believe, the 
 most comprehensive in the English language upon 
 
 We recommend the work of Dr. Churchill most 
 cordially, both to students and practitioners, as a 
 valuable and;reliable guide in the treatment of the dis- 
 eases of children. — Am. Journ. of the Med. Sciences. 
 
 We know of no work on this department of Prac- 
 
 most comprehensive m the h.nglisn language upon i vv c ^luiw ui uv, w^io. ^^ ....= ^^i-^......-....^. - .--- 
 thediseasesincldent toearly lift.— Dublin Quarterly ^ tical Medicine which presents so candid and unpre- 
 Voi/rjirtZ Feb 1858 judiced a statement or posting up of our actual 
 
 joMrrert^, t-eo iBoa . ' knowledge as this— iV. Y. /owmaZ o/Metitcme. 
 
 It brings before the reader an amount of informa- I «■"'"' "="8 "=''*'"' . ^ , ■ \r- , „■ 
 
 tion not Comprised in any similar production in the \ Its claims to merit both as a scientific and practi- 
 lano-uRc^e. The amount of labor consumed upon its , cal work, are of the highest order Whilst we 
 production can only be conceived by those who have! would not elevate it above every other treatise on 
 been similarly occupied, every work of note pub- : the same subject, wecertainly believe that very tew 
 lished witiiin the last twenty-five years in the dif- I are equal to it, and none superior.— SoMtA«r» Med. 
 ferent languages of Europe having been laid under I and Surgical Journal. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 ESSAYS ON THE PUERPERAL FEVER, AND OTHER DISEASES PB- 
 
 CULIAK. TO WOMEN. Selected from the writings of British Authors previous to the close of 
 the Eighteenth Century. In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth, oi about 450 pages. $2 50. 
 
H) 
 
 BL.ANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 CHURCHILL (FLEETWOOD), M. D., M. R. I. A., &c. 
 
 ON THE DISEASES OF WOMEN; including those of Pregnancy and Child- 
 bed. A new American edition, revised by the Author. With Notes and Additions, by D. Fran- 
 cis CoNDiE, M. D., author ot " A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Children." With nume- 
 rous illustrations. In one large and handsome octavo volume, leather, of 768 pages. {Just Issued, 
 1857.) $3 00. 
 
 This edition of Dr. Churchill's very popular treatise may almost be termed a new work, so 
 thoroughly has he revised it in every portion. It will be found greatly enlarged, and thoroughly 
 brought up to the most recent condition of the subject, while the very handsome series of illustra- 
 tions introduced, representing such pathological conditions as can be accurately portrayed, present 
 a novel feature, and afford valuable assistance to the young practitioner. Such additions as ap- 
 peared desirable for the American student have been made by the editor. Dr. Condie, while a 
 marked improvement in the mechanical execution keeps pace with the advance in all other respects 
 which the volume has undergone, while the price has been kept at the former very moderate rate. 
 
 It comprises, unquestionably, one of the most ex- 
 act and comprehensive expositions of the present 
 state of medical knowledge in respect to the diseases 
 of women that has yet been published. — Am. Journ. 
 Med. Sciences, July, 1857. 
 
 We hail with much pleasure the volume before 
 us, thoroughly revised, corrected, and brought up 
 to the latest date, by Dr. Churchill himself, and 
 rendered still more valuable by notes, from the ex- 
 perienced and able pen of Dr. D. F. Condie, of Phil- 
 adelphia.— Southern Med. and Surg. Journal, Oct. 
 1657. 
 
 This work is the most reliable which we possess 
 on this subject; and is deservedly popular with the 
 profession. — Charleston Med. Journal, July, 1857. 
 
 Dr. Churchill's treatise on the Diseases of Women 
 is, perhaps, the most popular of his works with the 
 profession in this country. It has been very gene- 
 rally received both as a text-book and manual of 
 practice. The present edition has undergone the 
 most elaborate revision, and additions of an import- 
 ant character have been made, to render it a com- 
 plete exponent of the present state of our knowledge 
 of these diseases. — N. Y. Journ. of Med., Sept. 1857. 
 
 We now regretfully take leave of Dr. Churchill's 
 book. Had our typographical limits permitted, we 
 should gladly have borrowed more from its richly 
 stored pages. In conclusion, wc heartily recom- 
 mend it to the profession, and would at the same 
 time express our firm conviction that it will not only 
 add to the reputation of its author, but will prove a 
 work of great and extensive utility to obstetric 
 practitioners. — Dublin Medical Press. 
 
 We know of no author who deserves that appro- 
 bation, on "the diseases of females," to the same 
 
 extent that Dr. Churchill does. His, indeed, is the 
 only thorough treatise we know of on the subject ; 
 and it may be commended to practitioners and stu- 
 dents as a masterpiece in its particular department. 
 The former editions of this work have been com- 
 mended strongly in this journal, and they have won 
 t:heir way to an extended, and a well-deserved popu- 
 larity. This fifth edition, before us, is well calcu- 
 lated to maintain Dr. Churchill's high reputation. 
 It w^as revised and enlarged by the author, for his 
 American publishers, and it seems to us that there is 
 scarcely any species of desirable information on its 
 subjects that may not be found in this work. — Tht 
 Western Journal o/ Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 We are gratified to announce a new and revised 
 edition of Dr. Churchill's valuable work on the dis- 
 eases of females We have ever regarded it as one 
 of the very best works on the subjects embraced 
 within its scope, in the English language; and the 
 present edition, enlarged and revised by the author, 
 renders it still more entitled to the confidence of the 
 profession. The valuable notes of Prof. Huston 
 have been retained, and contribute, in no small de- 
 gree, to enhance the value of the work. It is a 
 source of congratulation that the publishers have 
 permitted the author to be, in this instance, his 
 own editor, thus securing all the revision w^hich 
 an author alone is capable of making. — The Western 
 Lancet. 
 
 As a comprehensive manual for students, or a 
 work of reference for practitioners, we only speak 
 with common justice when we say that it surpasses 
 any other that has ever issued on the same sub- 
 ject from the British press. — The Dublin Quarterly 
 Journal. 
 
 DICKSON (S. H.), M. D., 
 
 Professor of Practice of Medicine in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. 
 
 ELEMENTS OF MEDICINE; a Compendious View of Pathology and Thera- 
 
 peutics, or the History and Treatment of Diseases. In one large and handsome octavo volume, 
 of 750 pages, leather. $3 75. 
 
 As an American text- book on the Practice of Medicine for the student, and as a condensed work 
 of reference forthe practitioner, this volume will have strong claims on the attention of the profession. 
 Few physicians have had wider opportunities than the author for observation and experience, and 
 few perhaps have used them better. As the result of a life of study and practice, therefore, the 
 present volume will doubtless be received with the welcome it deserves. 
 
 This book is eminently what it professes to be ; a 
 distinguished merit in these days. Designed for 
 " Teachers and Students of Medicine," and admira- 
 bly suited to their wants, we think it will be received, 
 on its own merits, with a hearty welcome. — Boston 
 Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 Indited by one of the most accomplished writers 
 of our country, as well as by one who has long held 
 a high position among teachers and practitioners of 
 medicine, this work is entitled to patronage and 
 careful study. The learned author has endeavored 
 to condense in this volume most of the practical 
 matter contained in his former productions, so as to 
 adapt it to the use of those who have not time to 
 devote to more extensive works. — Southern Med. and 
 Surg. Journal, 
 
 Prof. Dickson's work supplies, to a great extent, 
 a desideratum long felt in American medicine. — N. 
 O. Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 Estimating this work according to the purpose for 
 which it is designed, we must think highly of its 
 
 merits, and we have no hesitation in predicting for 
 it a favorable reception by both students and teachers. 
 
 Not professing to be a complete and comprehensive 
 treatise, it will not be found full in detail, nor filled 
 with discussions of theories and opinions, but em- 
 bracing all that is essential in theory and practice, 
 it is admirably adapted to the wants of the American 
 student. Avoiding all that is uncertain, it presents 
 more clearly to the mind of the reader that which is 
 established and verified by experience. The varied 
 and extensive reading of the author is conspicuously 
 apparent, and all the recent improvements and dis- 
 coveries in therapeutics and pathology are chroni- 
 cled in its pages. — Charleston Med. Journal, 
 
 In the first part of the work the subject of gene- 
 ral pathology is presented in outline, giving a beau- 
 tiful picture of its distinguishing features, and 
 throughout the succeeding chapters we find that he 
 has kept scrupulously within the bounds of sound 
 reasoning and legitimate deduction. Upon the 
 whole, we do not hesitate to pronounce it a superior 
 work in its class, and that Dr. Dickson merits a 
 place in the first rank of American writers. — Western 
 Lancet. 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 11 
 
 DRUITT (ROBERT), M.R. C. S., &,c. 
 THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OP MODERN SURGERY. Edited 
 
 by F. W. Sargent, M. D., author ol " Minor Surgery," &c. Illustrated with one hundred and 
 ninety-three wood-engravings. In one very handsomely printed octavo volume, leather, of 576 
 large pages. $3 00. 
 
 Dr. Druitt's researches into the literature of his 
 subject have been not only extensive, but well di- 
 rected; the most discordant authors are fairly and 
 impartially quoted, and, while due credit is given 
 to each, their respective merits are weighed with 
 an unprejudiced hand. The grain of wheat is pre- 
 served, and the chaff is unmercifully stripped off. 
 The arrangement is simple and philosophical, and 
 the style, though clear and interesting, is so precise, 
 that the book contains more information condensed 
 into a few words than any other surgical work with 
 which we are acquainted. — London Medical Times 
 imd Gazette. 
 
 Druitt's Surgery is too well known to the Ameri- 
 can medical profession to require its announcement 
 anywhere. Probably no work of the kind has ever 
 been more cordially received and extensively circu- 
 lated than this. The fact that it comprehends in a 
 comparatively small compass, all the essential ele- 
 
 ments of theoretical and practical Surgery — that it 
 IS found to contain reliable and authentic informa- 
 tion on the nature and treatment of nearly all surgi- 
 cal affections — is a sufficient reason for the liberal 
 patronage it has obtained. The editor. Dr. F. W. 
 Sargent, has contributed much to enhance the value 
 of the work, by such American improvements as are 
 calculated more perfectly to adapt it to our own 
 views and practice in this country. It abounds 
 everywhere with spirited and life-like illustrations, 
 which to the young surgeon, especially, are of no 
 minor consideration. Every medical man frequently 
 noeds just such a work as this, for immediate refer- 
 ence in moments of sudden emergency, when he has 
 not time to consult more elaborate treatises. — The 
 Ohio Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 No work, in our opinion, equals it in presenting 
 80 much valuable surgical matter in so small a 
 3ompass. — St. Louis Med. and Surgical Journal. 
 
 DALTON, JR. (J. C), M . D. 
 
 Professor of Physiology in the College of Physicians, New York. 
 
 A TREATISE ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY, designed for the use of Students 
 
 and Practitioners of Medicine. With two hundred and fifty-four illustrations on wood. In one 
 very beautiful octavo volume, of over 600 pages, extra cloth, $4 00 ; leather, raised bands, $4 25. 
 (Now ready, Jan. 1859.) 
 
 The object of the author has been to present a condensed view of the present condition of his 
 subject, divested of mere theoretical views and hypothetical reasoning.^, but comprehending all 
 important details which may be received as definitely .settled. His long experience as an investi- 
 gator and as a teacher has given him peculiar advantages in this, and he has endeavored wherever 
 practicable to show the means by which results have been reached, so as to afford the student the 
 means of pursuing original research, as well as a complete text-book of the science in its most ad- 
 vanced condition. Of the numerous illustrations, all are original with the exception of eleven, so 
 that the whole possesses a completeness and authority not otherwise attainable, and in the me- 
 chanical execution every care has been taken to present one of the handsomest volumes as yet 
 produced by the American press. 
 
 To our mind, fulfils in a most admirable manner | pressed into a reasonable compass, embracing like- 
 the objects contemplated by the author. The broad | wise the results of recent laborers in this department 
 field of physiology has been traversed with discri- of our scitnce. — Med. and Surg. Reporter, Jan. 29, 
 mination, and its most valuable acquisitions com- | 1859. 
 
 DUNGLISON, FORBES, TWEEDIE, AND CONOLLY. 
 THE CYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL MEDICINE: comprising Treatises on 
 
 the Nature and Treatment of Diseases, Materia Medica, and Therapeutics, Diseases of Women 
 and Children, Medical Jurisprudence, &c. &c. In four large super-royal octavo volumes, ot 
 3254 double-columned pages, strongly and handsomely bound, with raised bands. $12 00. 
 *^* This work contains no less than four hundred and eighteen distinct treatises, contributed by 
 
 sixty-eight distinguished physicians, rendering it a complete library of reference for the country 
 
 practitioner. 
 
 The most complete work on Practical Medicine I titioner. This estimate of it has not been formed 
 
 extant; or, at least, in our language.— Bi/i^aZo froni a hasty examination, but after an intimate ac- 
 
 Medical and Surgical Journal, 
 
 For reference, it is above all price to every prac- 
 titioner ..^Wesierw Lancet. 
 
 One of the most valuable medical publications of 
 the day — as a work of reference it is invaluable. — 
 Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 It has been to us, both as learner and teacher, a 
 work for ready and frequent reference, one in which 
 modern English medicine is exhibited in the most 
 advantageous light. — Medical Examiner. 
 
 We rejoice that this work is to be placed within 
 the reach of the profession in this country, it being 
 unquestionably one of very great value to the prac- 
 
 quaintance derived from frequent consultation of it 
 during the past nine or ten years. The editors are 
 practitioners of established reputation, and the list 
 of contributors embraces many of the most eminen 
 professors and teachers of London, Edinburgh, Dub- 
 lin, and Glasgow. It is, indeed, the great merit of 
 this work that the principal articles have been fur- 
 nished by practitioners who have not only devoted 
 especialattention to the diseases about which they 
 have written, but have also enjoyed opportunities 
 for an extensive practical acquaintance with them, 
 and whose reputation carries the assurance of their 
 competency justly to appreciate the opinions of 
 others, while it stamps their own doctrines with 
 high and just &uthoTity.— American Medical Journ. 
 
 DEWEES'S COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM OF 
 MIDWIFERY. Illustrated by occasional cases 
 and many engravings. Twelfth edition, with the 
 author's last improvements and corrections In 
 one octavo volume, extracloth, of 600 pages. S3 20. 
 
 DEWEES'S TREATISE ON THE PHYSICAL 
 AND MEDICAL TREATMENT OF CHILD- 
 REN. The last edition. In one volume, octavo, 
 extra cloth, 548 pages. $2 80. 
 
 DEWEES'S TREATISE ON THE DISEASES 
 OF FEMALES. Tenth edition. In one volume, 
 octavo xtra cloth, 532 pages, with plates. $3 00. 
 
 DANA ON ZOOPHYTES AND CORALS. In one 
 
 volume, imperial quarto, extra cloth, with wood- 
 cuts. SS15 00. Also, AN ATLAS, in one volume, 
 imperial folio, with sixty-one magnificent colored 
 plates. Bound in half morocco. $30 00. 
 
 DE LA BECHE'S GEOLOGICAL OBSERVER. 
 In one very large and handsome octavo volume, ex- 
 tra cloth, of 700 pages, with 300 wood-cuts. $4 00. 
 
 FRICK ON RENAL AFFECTIONS; their Diag- 
 nosis and Pathology. With illustrations. One 
 volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth. 75 cents. 
 
12 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 DUNGLISON (ROBLEY), M.D., 
 
 Professor of Institutes of Medicine in tlie Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. 
 
 NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION, Now Ready, 1858. 
 
 MEDICAL LEXICON; a Dictionary of Medical Science, containing a concise 
 
 Explanation of the various Subjects and Terms of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Hygiene, 
 Therapeutics. PharmacologA', Pharmacy, Surgery, Obstetrics, Medical Jurisprudence, Dentistry, 
 &c. Notices of Climate and of Mineral Waters; Formulae for Officinal, Empirical, and Dietetic 
 Preparations, &c. With French and other Synonymes. Fifteenth edition, revi«;ed and very 
 sreatly enlarged. In one very large and handsome octavo volume, of 992 double-columned pages, 
 in ?mall type ; strongly bounS in leather, with raised bands. Price $4 00. 
 
 Especial care has been devoted in the preparation of this edition to render it in every respect 
 worthy a continuance of the very remarkable favor which it has hitherto enjoyed. The rapid 
 sale of Fifteen large editions, and the constantly increasing demand, show that it is regarded by 
 the profession as the standard authority. Stimulated by this fact, the author has endeavored in the 
 present revision to introduce whatever might be necessary " to make it a satisfactory and desira- 
 ble — if not indispensable — lexicon, in which the student may search without disappointment for 
 every term that has been legitimated in the nomenclature of the science." To accomplish this, 
 laige additions have been found requisite, and the extent of the author's labors may be estimated 
 from the fact that about Six Thol'sand subjects and terms have been introduced throughout, ren- 
 dering the whole number of definitions about Sixty Thousand, to accommodate which, the num- 
 ber of pages has been increased by nearly a hundred, notwiihslanding an enlargement in the size 
 of thepaae. The medical press, both in this country and in England, has pronounced the work in- 
 dispensable to all medical students and practitioners, and the present improved edition will not lose 
 that enviable reputation. 
 
 The publishers have endeavored to render the mechanical execution worthy of a volume of such 
 universal use in daily reference. The greatest care has been exercised to obtain the typographical 
 accuracy so necessary in a work ot the kind. By the small but exceedingly clear type employed, 
 an immense amount of matter fi;ondensed in its thousand ample pages, while the binding will be 
 found strong and durable. With all these improvements and enlargements, the price has been kept 
 at the former very moderate rate, placing it within the reach of all. 
 
 This work, the appearance of the fifteenth edition 
 of wliich, it has become our duty and pleasure to 
 announce, is perhaps the most stupendous monument 
 of labor and erudition in medical literature. One 
 would hardly suppose after constant use of the pre- 
 cedina; editions, ■where we have never failed to find 
 a sufficiently full explanation of ever) medical term, 
 that in this edition "about six thousand subjects 
 and terms have been added," with a careful revision 
 and correction of the entire work. It is only neces- 
 sary to announce the advent of this edition to make 
 it occupy the place of the preceding one on the table 
 of every medical man, as it is without doubt the best 
 andmost comprehensive work of the kind which has 
 ev'er appeared. — Buffalo Med.Journ., Jan. 1858. 
 
 The work is a monument of patient research, 
 skilful judgment, and vast physical labor, that will 
 perpetuate the name of the author more effectually 
 than any possible device of stone or metal. Dr. 
 Dunglison deserves the thanks not only of the Ame- 
 rican profession, but of the whole medical world. — 
 North Am. Medico- Chir. Review, Jan. 1858. 
 
 A Medical Dictionary better adapted for the w^ants 
 of the prot'ession than any other with which we are 
 acquainted, and of a character which places it far 
 above comparison and competition. — Am. Journ. 
 Med. Sciences, Jan. 185S. 
 
 We need only say, that the addition of 6,000 new 
 terms, with their accompanying definitions, may be 
 said to constitute a new work, by itself. We have 
 examined the Dictionary attentivelj', and are most 
 happy to pronounce it unrivalled of its kind. The 
 erudition displayed, and the extraordinary industry 
 which must have been demanded, in its preparation 
 and perfection, redound to the lasting credit of its 
 author, and have furnished us with a volume indis- 
 pensable at the present day, to all who would find 
 themselves au niveau ^vith the highest standards of 
 medical information. — Boston Medical and Surgical 
 Journal, Dec. 31, 1857. 
 
 Good lexicons and encyclopedic works generally, 
 are the most labor-saving contrivances which lite- 
 rary men enjoy ; and the labor which is required to 
 produce them in the perfect manner of this example 
 is something appalling to contemplate. The author 
 
 tells us in his preface that be has added about six 
 thousand terms and subjects to this edition, which, 
 before, was considered universally as the best work 
 of the kind in any language. — Silliman's Journal, 
 March, 1858. 
 
 He has razed his gigantic structure to the founda- 
 tions, and remodelled and reconstructed the entire 
 pile. No less than six thousand additional subjects 
 and terms are illustraied and analyzed in this new 
 edition, Svveliing the grand aggregate to beyond 
 sixty thousand I Thus is placed before the profes- 
 sion a complete and thorough exponent of medical 
 terminnldgy, without rival or possibility of rivalry. 
 — Nashville Journ. of Med. and Surg., Jan. 1858. 
 
 It is universally acknowledged, we believe, that 
 this \vork is incnmparably the best and most com- 
 plete ftledicai Lexicon in the English language. 
 The amount of labor which the distinguishtd author 
 has bestowed upon it is truly wonderful, and the 
 learning and research displayed in its preparation 
 are equally remarkable. Comment and commenda- 
 tion are unnecessary, as no one at the present day 
 thinks of purchasing any other Medical Dictionary 
 than this. — St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journ., Jan. 
 1858. 
 
 It is the foundation stone of a good medical libra- 
 ry, and should always be included in the first list of 
 books purchased by the medical student. — Am. Med. 
 Monthly, Jan. 1658. 
 
 A verj' perfect work of the kind, undoubtedly the 
 most perfect in the English language. — Med. and 
 Surg. Reporter, Jan. 18j8. 
 
 It is now emphatically the Medical Dictionary of 
 the English language, and for it there is no substi- 
 tute.— iV. H. Med. Journ., Jan. 1858. 
 
 It is scarcely necessary to remark that any medi- 
 cal library wanting a copy of Dunslison's Lexicon 
 must be imperfect. — Cin. Lancet, Jan. 1858. 
 
 We have ever considered it the best authority pub- 
 lished, and the present edition we may safely say lias 
 no equal in the world. — Peninsular Med. Journal, 
 Jan. 1658. 
 
 The most complete authority on the subject to be 
 found in any language. — Va.Med. Journal, Feb. '58. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 THE PKACTICE OF MEDICINE. A Treatise on Special Pathology and The- 
 rapeutics. Third Edition. In two large octavo volumes, leather, of 1,500 pages. $6 25. 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 13 
 
 DUNGLISON (ROBLEY), M.D., 
 
 Professor of Institutes of Medicine in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. 
 
 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY. Eighth edition. Thoroughly revised and exten- 
 sively modified and enlarged, with five hundred and thirty-two illustrations. In two large and 
 handsomely printed octavo volumes, leather, of about 1500 pages. $7 00. 
 
 In revising this work for its eighth appearance, the author has spared no labor to render it worthy 
 a continuance of the very great favor which has been extended to it by the profession. The whole 
 contents have been rearranged, and to a great extent remodelled ; the investigations which of late 
 years have been so numerous and so important, have been carefully examined and incorporated, 
 and the work in every respect has been brought up to a level with the present state of the subject. 
 The object of the author has been to render it a concise but comprehensive treatise, containing the 
 whole body of physiological science, to which the student and man of science can at all times refer 
 with the certainty of finding whatever they are in search of, fully presented in all its aspects; and 
 on no former edition has the author bestowed mora labor to secure this result. 
 
 The best -work of the kind in the English lan- 
 uage. — Silliman' s Journal. 
 
 We believe that it can truly be said, no more com- 
 plete repertory of facts upon the subject treated, 
 can anywhere be found. The author has, moreover, 
 that enviable tact at description and that facility 
 and ease of expression which render him peculiarly 
 acceptable to the casual, or the studious reader. 
 This faculty, so requisite in setting forth many 
 erraver and less attractive subjects, lends additional 
 charms to one always fascinating. — Boston Med. 
 and Surg. Journal, Sept. 1856. 
 
 The most complete and satisfactory system of 
 Physiology in the English language. — Amer.Med. 
 Journal . 
 
 The present edition the author has made a perfect 
 mirror of the science as it is at the present hour. 
 As a work upon physiology proper, the science of 
 the functions performed by the body, the student will 
 find it all he wishes. — Nashville Journ. of Med. 
 Sept. 1856. 
 
 That he has succeeded, most admirably succeeded 
 in his purpose, is apparent from the appearance of 
 an eighth edition. It is now the great encyclopaedia 
 on the subject, and worthy of a place in every phy- 
 sician's library. — Western Lancet, Sept. 1S56. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. {Now Beady.) 
 
 GENERAL THERAPEUTICS AND MATERIA MEDICA; adapted for a 
 
 Medical Text-book. With Indexes of Remedies and of Diseases and their Remedies. Sixth 
 Edition, revised and improved. With one hundred and ninety-three illustrations. In two large 
 and handsomely printed octavo vols., leather, of about 1100 pages. $6 00. 
 
 From the Aiithor's Preface. 
 
 " Another edition of this work being called for, the author has subjected it to a thorough and careful 
 revision. It has been gratifying to him that it has been found so extensively useful by those for whom 
 it was especially intended, as to require \.\^^X■a. sixth edition should be issued in so short a time afier 
 the publication of a fifth. Grateful for the favorable reception of the work by the profession, he has 
 bestowed on the preparation of the present edition all those cares which were demanded by the 
 former editions, and has spared no pains to render it a faithful epitome of General Therapeutics 
 and Materia Medica. The copious Indexes of Remedies and of Diseases and their Remedies can- 
 not fail, the author conceives, to add materially to the value of the work." 
 
 This work is too widely and too favorably known to require more tiian the assurance that the 
 author has revised it with his customary industry, introducing whatever has been found necessary 
 to bring it on a level with the most advanced condition of the subject. The number of illustrations 
 has been somewhat enlarged, and the mechanical execution of the volumes will be found to have 
 undergone a decided improvement. 
 
 In announcing a new edition of Dr. Dunglison's 
 General Therapeutics and Materia Medica, we have 
 no words of commendation to bestow upon a work 
 whose merits have been heretofore so often and so 
 justly extolled. It must not be supposed, however, 
 that the present is a mere reprint of the previous 
 edition; the character of the author for laborious 
 research, judicious analysis, and clearness of ex- 
 pression, is fully sustained by the numerous addi- 
 tions he has made to the work, and the careful re- 
 vision to which he has subjected the whole. — N. A. 
 Medico-Chir. Review, Jan. 1858. 
 
 The work will, we have little doubt, be bought 
 and read by the majority of medical students; its 
 size, arrangement, and reliability recommend it to 
 all; no one, we venture to predict, will study it 
 without profit, and there are few to whom it will 
 not be in some measure useful as a v/ork of refer- 
 ence. The young practitioner, more especially, will 
 find the copious indexes appendtd to this edition of 
 great assistance in the selection and preparation of 
 suitable formulae. — Charleston Med. Journ. and Re- 
 view, Jan. 1858. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (A new Edition.) 
 
 NEW REMEDIES, WITH FORMULA FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND 
 
 ADMINISTRATION. Seventh edition, with extensive Additions. In one very large octavo 
 volume, leather, of 770 pages. $3 75. 
 
 Another edition of the " New Remedies" having been called for, the author has endeavored to 
 add everything of moment that has appeared since the publication of the last edition. 
 
 The articles treated of in the former editions will be found to have undergone considerable ex- 
 pansion in this, in order that the author might be enabled to introduce, as far as practicable, the 
 results of the subsequent experience of others, as well as of his own observation and reflection ; 
 and to make the work still more deserving of the extended circulation with which the preceding 
 editions have been favored by the profession. By an enlargement of the page, the numerous addi- 
 tions have been incorporated without greatly increasing the bulk of the volume. — Preface. 
 
 One of the most useful of the author's works. — 
 Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 This elaborate and useful volume should be 
 
 found in every medical library, for as a book of re- 
 ference, for physicians, it is unsurpassed by any 
 other work in existence, and the double index for 
 diseases and for remedies, will be found greatly to 
 enhance its value. — New York Med. Gazette. 
 
 The great learning of the author, and his remark- 
 able industry in pushing his researches into every 
 source whence information is derivable, have enabled 
 him to throw together an extensive mass of facts 
 and statements, accompanied by full reference to 
 authorities; which last feature renders the work 
 practically valuable to investigators who desire te 
 examine the original papers. — The American Journal 
 of Pharmacy. 
 
14 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 ERJCHSEN (JOHN), 
 
 Professor of Surgery in Unjversity College, London, &c. 
 
 THE SCIENCE AND ART OF SURGERY; being a Treatise on Surgical 
 
 Injuries, Diseases, and Operations. New and improved American, from the second enlargred 
 
 and carefully revised London edition. Illustrated wilh over four hundred engravings on wood. 
 
 In one large and handsome ontavo volume, of one thousand closely printed pages, leather, 
 
 raised bands. $4 50. {Now Ready, Januarj'-, 1859.) 
 
 The very distinguished favor with which this work has been received on both sides of the Atlan- 
 tic has stimulated the author to render it even more worthy of the position which it has so rapidly 
 attained as a standard authority. Every portion has been carefully revised, numerous additions 
 have been made, and the most watchful care has been exercised to render it a complete exponent 
 of the most advanced condition of surgical science. In this manner the work has been enlarged by 
 about a hundred pages, while the series of engravings has been increased by more than a hundred, 
 rendering it one of the most thoroughly illustrated volumes before the profession. The additions oi 
 the author having rendered unnecessary most of the notes of the former American editor, but little 
 has been added in this country; some few notes and occasional illustrations have, however, been 
 introduced to elucidate American modes of practice. 
 
 It is, in our humble judgment, decidedly the best I rarely encounter eases requiring surgical manage- 
 biok of the kind in the English language. Strange ; merit.— Stethoscope. 
 tliat jusi such books are notoflener produced by pub- 
 lic teach-rs of sur-ery in this cou.ury and Great , ^^1 domain, and each dmsion of iuself almost eom- 
 Bntaiii Indeed, n is a mailer of great astonishment. 
 
 Embracing, as will be perceived, the whole surgi- 
 il domain, and each division of iuself almost com- 
 plete and perfect, each chapter full and explicit, each 
 
 proximaies to the fulfilment of the peculiar wants of | 
 young men just entering upon the siudy of thi.s branch 
 of the profession. — Western Jour .of Med. an'i Surgery. 
 Its value is greatly enhanced by a very copious 
 well.arranffed index. 'We regard this as one of the 
 most valualile contributions to modem surgery. To 
 one entering his novitiate o{ practice, we regard it 1 
 the most serviceable guide which he can consult. He I 
 will find a fulness of detail leadinghim through every 
 step of the operation, and not deserting him until the 
 final issue of t))e case is decided. For the same rea- We are acquainted with no other work wherein 
 son ■we recommend il to those whose routine of prac- I so much good sense, sound principle, and practical 
 tice lies in such parts of the country that they must i inferences, stamp every page. — American Lancet. 
 
 bject, 
 with great pleasure we add it to our text-books. — 
 Nashville Journal of Medicine and Surgery . 
 
 Prof Erichsen's work, for its size, has not been 
 surpassed ; his nine hundred and eight pages, pro- 
 fusely illustrated, are rich in physiological, patholo- 
 gical, and operative suggestions, doctrines, details, 
 and processes ; and will prove a reliable resource 
 for information, both to physician and surgeon, in th e 
 hour of peril. — JV. 0. Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 ELLIS (BENJAMIN), M.D. 
 THE MEDICAL FORMULARY : being a Collection of Prescriptions, derived 
 
 from the writings and practice of many of the most eminent physicians of America and Europe. 
 Together with the usual Dietetic Preparations and Antidotes for Poisons. To which is added 
 an Appendix, on the Endermic use of Medicines, and on the use of Ether and Chloroform. The 
 whole accompanied with a few brief Pharmaceutic and Medical Observations. Tenth edition, 
 revised and much extended by Robert P. Thomas, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica in the 
 Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth, of 296 pages. $1 75. 
 
 FOWNES (GEORGE), PH. D., &c. 
 ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY; Theoretical and Practical. With mimerous 
 
 illustrations. Edited, with Additions, by Robert Bridges, M. D. In one large royal 12mo. 
 volume, of over 650 pages, with 181 wood-cuts. In leather, $1 50; extra cloth, SI 35. 
 
 We know of no better text-t)Ook, especially in the 
 difficult department of organic chemistry, upon 
 v/hich it is particularly full and satisfactory. We 
 would recommend it to preceptors as a capital 
 " office book" for their students who are beginners 
 in Chemistry. It is copiously illustrated with ex- 
 cellent wood-cuts, and altogether admirably "got 
 up." — N. J. Medical Reporter. 
 
 A standard manual, which has long enjoyed the 
 reputation of embodying much knowledge in a small 
 space. The author hasachieved the difficult task of 
 condensation with masterly tact. His book is con- 
 cise without being dry, and brief without being too 
 dogmatical or general. — Virginia Med. and Surgical 
 Journal. 
 
 The work of Dr. Fownes has long been before 
 the public, and its merits have been fully appreci- 
 ated as the best text-book on chemistry now in 
 existence. We do not, of course, place it in a rank 
 superior to the works of Brande, Graham, Turner, 
 Gregory, or Gmelin, but we say that, as a work 
 for students, it is preferable to any of them. — Lon- 
 don Journal of Medicine. 
 
 A work well adapted to the wants of the student 
 It is an excellent exposition of the chief doctrines 
 and facts of modern chemistry. Thesizeof the work, 
 and still more the condensed yet perspicuous style 
 in which it is written, absolve it from the charges 
 very properly urged against most manuals termed 
 popular. — Edinburgh Journal of Medical Science. 
 
 FISKE FUND PRIZE ESSAYS. 
 THE EFFECTS OF CLIM/VTE ON TUBERCULOUS DISEASE. By Edwin 
 
 Lee, M. R. C. S., London, and THE INFLUENCE OF PREGNANCY ON THE DEVELOP- 
 MENT OF TUBERCLES. By Edward Warren, M. D., of Edenton, N. C. Together in 
 one neat octavo volume, extra cloth. $1 GO. (Jitst Ready.) 
 
 FERGUSSON (WILLIAM), F.R.S., 
 
 Professor of Surgery in King's College, London, &c. 
 
 A SYSTEM OF PRACTICAL SURGERY. Fourth American, from the third 
 
 and enlarged London edition. In one large and beautifully printed octavo volume, of about 700 
 
 pages, with 393 handsome illustrations, leather. $3 00. 
 
 No work was ever written which more nearly I The addition of many ne-w pages makes this work 
 comprehended the necessities of the student and | more than ever indispensable to the student and prac- 
 practitioner, and was more carefully arranged to titioner. — Ranking' s Abstract. 
 that single purpose than this. — N. Y. Med. Journal. \ 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS 
 
 15 
 
 FLINT (AUSTIN), M. D., 
 
 Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in the University of Louisville, &e. 
 (An Important New Work.') 
 
 PHYSICAL EXPLORATION AND DIAGNOSIS OP DISEASES AFFECT- 
 ING THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. In one large and handsome octavo volume, extra 
 
 cloth, 636 pages. $3 00. 
 
 We can only state our general impression of the 
 high value of this work, and cordially recommend 
 it to all. We regard it, in point both of irrangement 
 and of the marked ability of its treatment of the sub- 
 jects, as destined to take the first rank in works of 
 this class. So far as our information extends, it has 
 at present no equal. To the practitioner, as well as 
 the student, it will be invaluable in clearing up the 
 diagnosis of doubtful cases, and in shedding light 
 upon difficult phenomena. — Buffalo Med. Journal. 
 
 This is the most elaborate w^ork devoted exclu- 
 sively to the physical exploration of diseases of the 
 
 lungs, with w^hich we are acquainted in the English 
 language. — Boston Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 4 work of original observation of the highest merit. 
 We recommend the treatise to every one who wishes 
 to become a correct auscultator. Based to a very- 
 large extent upon cases numerically examined, it 
 carries the evidtnce of careful stud> and discrimina- 
 tion upon every pase. It does credit to the author, 
 and, through him, to the profession in this country. 
 It is, what we cannot call every book upon auscul- 
 tation, a readable book. — Am. Jour. Med. Sciences. 
 
 NOW COMPLETE, 
 
 GRAHAM (THOMAS), F. R. S., 
 
 THE ELEMENTS OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, including the Applica- 
 
 tions of the Science in the Arts. New and much enlarged edition, by Henry Watts and Robert 
 Bridges, M. D. Complete in one large and handsome octavo volume, of over 800 very large 
 pages, with two hundred and thirty-two wood-cuts, extra cloth, $4 00. 
 
 ,)j:*^ Part II., completing the work from p. 431 to end, with Index, Title Matter, &c., may be 
 had separate, cloth backs and paper sides. Price $2 50. 
 
 The long delay which has intervened since the appearance of the first portion of this work, has 
 rendered necessary an Appendix, embodying the numerous and important fnvestigations and dis- 
 coveries of the last feAV years in the subjects contained in Part I. This occupies a large portion 
 of Part II., and will be found to present a complete abstract of the most recent researches in the 
 general principles of the science, as well as all details necessary to bring the whole work thoroughly 
 up to the present time in all departments of Inorganic Chemistry. 
 
 Gentlemen desirous of completing their copies of the work are requested to apply for Part II. 
 without delay. It will be sent by mail, prepaid, on receipt of the amount, $2 50. 
 
 From Pro/. WolcoH G-ihbs, N. Y. Free Academy., 
 
 It is a very acceptable addition to the library of 
 standard books of every chemical student. No reader 
 of English works on this science can afford to be 
 without this edition of Prof. Graham's Elements. — 
 Siiliman's JoMrnaZ, March, 1858. 
 
 From Prof. J. L. Craiocour, New Orleans School 
 of Medicine, May 9, 1858. 
 It is beyond all queetirn the best systematic work 
 on Chemistry in the English language, and I am 
 gratified to find that an American edition at a mo- 
 derate price has been issued, so as to place it within 
 the means of students. It will be the only text-book 
 I shall now recommend to my class. 
 
 May 25, 1858. 
 
 The work is an admirable one in all respects, and 
 
 its republication here cannot fail to exert a positive 
 
 influence upon the progress of science in this country. 
 
 From. Prof. E. N. Horsford. Harvard College, April 
 27, 1858. 
 
 It has, in its earlier and less perfect editions, been 
 famil'ar to me, and the excellence of its plan and 
 the clearness and completeness of its discussions, 
 have long been my admiration. 
 
 GRIFFITH (ROBERT E.), M. D., &c. 
 A UNIVERSAL FORMULARY, containing the methods of Preparing and Ad- 
 
 ministering Officinal and other Medicines. The whole adapted to Physicians and Pharmaceu- 
 tists. Second Edition, thoroughly revised, with numerous additions, by Robert P. Thomas, 
 M, D., Professor of Materia Medica in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. In one large and 
 handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of 650 pages, double columns. $3 00; or bound in sheep, 
 $3 25. 
 
 nistering medicines that can be desired by the phy? i- 
 cian and pharmaceutist. — Western Lancet. 
 
 The amouniof useful, every-day matter, for a prac- 
 ticing physician, is really immense. — Boston Mud. 
 and Surg. Journal. 
 
 We predict a great sale for this work, and we espe- 
 ciallv recommend it to all medical teachers. — Rich- 
 mond Stethoscope. 
 
 This edition of Dr. Griffith's work has been greatly 
 improved by the revision and ample additions of Dr. 
 Thomas, and is now, we believe, one of the most 
 complete works of its kind in any language.. The 
 additions amount to about seventy pages, and no 
 effort has been spared to include in them all the re- 
 cent improvemenls which have been published in 
 medical journals, and systematic treatises. A work 
 of this kind appears to us indispensable to the physi- 
 cian, and there i.i none we can more cordially recom- 
 mend. — N. Y. Journal of Medicine. 
 
 It was a work requiring much perseverance, and 
 when published vi'as looked upon as by far the best 
 work of its kind that had issued from the American 
 press. Prof Thomas has certainly " improved," as 
 well as added lolhis Formulary, and has rendered it 
 additionally deserving of the confidence of pharma- 
 ceutists and physicians. — Am. Journal of Pharmacy. 
 
 We are happy to announce a new and improved 
 edition of this, one of the most valuable and useful 
 works that have emanated from an American pen. 
 It would do credit to any country, and will be found 
 of daily usefulness to practitioners of medicine; it is 
 better adapted to their purposes than the dispensalo 
 ries. — Southern Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 It is one of the most useful books a country practi- 
 tioner can possibly have in his possession. — Medical 
 Chronicle. 
 
 This is a work of six hundred and fifty one pages, 
 embracing all on the subject of preparing and admi- 
 
 GLUGE (GOTTLIEB), M. D., 
 
 Professor of Physiology and Pathological Anatomy in the University of Brussels, &c. 
 
 AN ATLAS OF PATHOLOCxICAL HISTOLOGY. Translated, with Notes 
 
 and Additions, by Joseph Leidy, M. D., Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylva- 
 nia. In one volume, very large imperial quarto, extra cloth, with 320 figures, plain and colored, 
 on twelve copperplates. $5 00. 
 
16 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 GROSS (SAMUEL D.), M. D,, 
 
 Professor of Surgery in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, &o. 
 
 New Edition (No"w Ready.) 
 
 ELEMENTS OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY. Third editioa, thoroughly 
 
 revised and greatly improved. In one large and very handsome octavo volume, witii about three 
 
 hundred and fifty beautiful illustrations, of which a large number are from original drawings. 
 
 Price in extra cloth, f4 75; leather, raised bands, $5 25. 
 
 The very rapid advances in the Science of Pathological Anatomy during the last few years have 
 rendered essential a thorough modification of this work, with a view of making it a correct expo- 
 nent of the present state of the subject. The very careful manner in which this task has been 
 executed, and the amount of alteration which it has undergone, have enabled the author to say that 
 " with the many changes and improvements now introduced, the work may be regarded almost as 
 a new treatise," while the efforts of the author have been seconded as regards the mechanical 
 execution of the volume, rendering it one of the handsomest productions of the American press. 
 A very large number of new and beautiful original illustrations have been introduced, and the work, 
 it is hoped, will fully maintain the reputation hitherto enjoyed by it of a complete and practical ex- 
 position of its difficult and important subject. 
 
 We most sincerely congratulate the author on the 
 successful manner in which he has accomplished his 
 proposed object. His book is most admirably cal- 
 culated to fill up a blank which has long been felt to 
 exist in this department of medical literature, and 
 as such must become very widely circulated amongst 
 all classes of the profession. — Dublin Quarterly 
 Journ. of Med. Science, Nov. 1857. 
 
 We have been favorably impressed with the gene- 
 ral manner in which Dr. Gross has executed his task 
 of affording a comprehensive digest of the present 
 state of the literature of Pathological Anatomy, and 
 have much pleasure in recommending his work to 
 our readers, as we believe one well deserving ot 
 diligent perusal and careful study. — Montreal Med. 
 Chron., Sept. 1857. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES, INJURIES, AND 
 
 iVIALFORMATIONS OF THE URINARY BLADDER, THE PROSTATE GLAND, AND 
 THE URETHRA. Second Edition, revised and much enlarged, with one hundred and eighty- 
 four illustrations. In one large and very handsome octavo volume, of over nine hundred pages, 
 fn leather, raised bands, $5 25 ; extra cloth, $4 75. 
 
 A volume replete with truths and principles of the 
 utmost value in the investigation of these diseases. — 
 American Medical Journal . 
 
 On the appearance of the first edition of this work, 
 the leading English medical review predicted that it 
 would have a " permanent place in the literature of 
 surgery worthy to rank with the best works of the 
 present age." This prediction has been amply ful- 
 filled. Dr. Gross's treatise has been found to sup- 
 ply completely the want which has been felt ever 
 since the elevation of surgery to the rank of a science, 
 of a good practical treatise on the diseases of the 
 bladder and its accessory organs. Philosophical in 
 its design, methodical in its arrangement, ample and 
 
 sound in its practical details, it may in truth be said 
 to leave scarcely anything to be desired on so im- 
 portant a subject, and with the additions and modi- 
 fications resulting from future discoveries and im- 
 provements, it w^ill probably remain one of the most 
 valuable works on this subject so long as the science 
 of medicine shall exist. — Boston Med. and Surg. 
 Journal. 
 
 Whoever will peruse the vast amount of valuable 
 practical information it contains, and which we 
 have been unable even to notice, will, we think, 
 agree with us, that there is no work in the English 
 language which can make any just pretensions to 
 be its equal. — N. Y. Journal of Medicine. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON FOREIGN BODIES IN THE AIR-PAS- 
 
 SAGES. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, with illustrations, pp. 468. $2 75. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Ill preSS.) 
 
 A SYSTEM OF SURGERY ; Diagnostic, Pathological, Therapeutic, and Opera- 
 tive. With very numerous engravings on wood. In two large octavo volumes. 
 
 GIBSON (WILLIAM), M. D., 
 
 Late Professor of Surgery in the University of Pennsylvania, &c. 
 
 INSTITUTES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY; being Outlines of a Course 
 
 of Lectures. Eighth edition, improved and altered. With thirty-four plates. In two handsome 
 octavo volumes, containing about 1000 pages, leather, rai.sed bands. $6 50. 
 
 GRAY (HENRY), F. R. S., 
 
 Lecturer on Anatomy at St. George's Hospital, London, &c. 
 
 ANATOMY, DESCRIPTIVE AND SURGICAL. The Drawings by H. V. 
 
 Carter, M D., late Demonstrator on Anatomy at St. George's Hospital; the Dissections jointly 
 
 by the Author and Dr. Carter. In one magnificent imperial octavo volume, with 363 large 
 
 and elaborate engravings on wood. (At press.) 
 
 The author has endeavored in this work to cover a more extended range of subjects than is 
 cu>tomary in the ordinary text-books, by giving not only the details necessary for the student, but 
 also the application of those details ia the practice of medicine and surgery, thus rendering it not 
 cnly a guide for the learner, but an admirable work of reference tor the active practitioner. The 
 engravings form a special feature in the work, many of them being the size of nature, nearly all 
 original, and having the names of the various parts printed on the body of the cut, in place of figures 
 uf reference with descriptions at the foot. They thus form a comple'e and splendid series, which 
 will greativ assist the student ia obtaining a clear idea of Anatomy, and will also serve to refresh 
 the memory of those who may find in the exigencies of practice the necessity of recalling the de- 
 tails of the dissecting room. 
 
 GARDNER'S MEDICAL CHEMISTRY, for the 
 use of Students and the Profession. In one royal 
 lamo. vol.. ex. cloth, pp. 396, with illustrations. 
 $1 00. 
 
 HUGHES' CLINICAL INTRODUCTION TO 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF AUSCULTATION AND 
 OTHER MODES OF PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS, 
 IN DISEASES OF THE LUNGS AND HEART. 
 
 Second American, from the second London edition. 
 1 vol. royal 12mo., ex. cloth, pp. 304. $1 00. 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 17 
 
 HOBLYN (RICHARD D.), M. D. 
 A DICTIONAKY OF THE TEEMS USED IN MEDICINE AND THE 
 
 COLLATERAL SCIENCES. A new American edition. Revised, with numerous Additions, 
 by Isaac Hays, M. D., editor of the " American Journal of the Medical Sciences." In one large 
 royal 12mo. volume, leather, of over 500 double columned pages. $1 50. 
 
 If the frequency with which ^ve have referred to 
 this volume since its reception from the publisher, 
 two or three w^eeks ago, be any criterion for the 
 future, the binding will soon have to be renewed, even 
 with careful handling. We find that Dr. Hays has 
 done the profession great service by his careful and 
 industrious labors. The Dictionary has thus become 
 eminently suited to our medical brethren in this 
 country. The additions by Dr. Hays are in brackets, 
 and we believe there is not a single page but bears 
 these insignia ; in every instance which we have thus 
 far noticed, the additions are really needed and ex- 
 ceedingly valuable. We heartily commend the work 
 to all who ■wish to be au courant in medical termi- 
 nology. — Boston Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 To both practitioner and student, we recommend 
 this dictionary as being convenient in size, accurate 
 in definition, and sufficiently full and complete for 
 ordinary consultation.— Charleston Med. Journ. and 
 Review. 
 
 Hoblyn has always been a favorite dictionary, and 
 in its present enlarged and improved form will give 
 greater satisfaction than ever. The American editor, 
 Dr. Hays, has made many very valuable additions. 
 — N.J. Med. Reporter. 
 
 To supply the want of the medical reader arising 
 from this cause, we know of no dictionary belter 
 arranged and adapted than the one bearing the above 
 title. It is not encumbered with the obsolete terms 
 of a bygone age, but it contains all that are now in 
 use ; embracing every department of medical science 
 down to the very latest date. The volume is of a 
 convenient size to be used by the medical student, 
 and yet large enough to make a respectable appear- 
 ance in the library of a physician. — Western Lancet. 
 
 Hoblyn's Dictionary has long been a favorite with 
 us. It is the best book of definitions we have, and 
 ought always to be upon the student's table. — 
 Southern Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 HUNTER (JOHN). 
 (See •' Ricord," page 26, for Ricord's edition of Hunter on Venereal.) 
 
 HOLLAND (SIR HENRY), BART., M.D.,F. R. S., 
 
 Physician in Ordinary to the Queen of England, &c. 
 
 MEDICAL NOTES AND REFLECTIONS. From the third London edition. 
 In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth. $3 00. 
 
 HABERSHON (S. O.), M. D., 
 
 Assistant Physician to and Lecturer on Materia Medica and Therapeutics at Guy's Hospital, &c. 
 
 PATHOLOGICAL AND PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS ON DISEASES 
 
 OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL, CESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, C^CUM, AND INTES- 
 TINES. With illustrations on wood. In one handsome octavo volume. (PuUishing in the 
 Medical News and Library for 1858 and 185y.) 
 
 HORNER (WILLIAM E.), M. D., 
 
 Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 SPECIAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY. Eighth edition. Extensively 
 
 revised and modified. In two large octavo volumes, extra cloth, of more than one thousand 
 pages, handsomely printed, with over three hundred illustrations. $6 00. 
 
 ANATOMICAL ATLAS. 
 
 page 28. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 By Professors Horner and Smith. 
 
 See Smith, 
 
 HAMILTON (FRANK H.), M. D., 
 
 Professor of Surgery, in Buffalo Medical College, &c. 
 
 A COMPLETE TREATISE ON FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS. 
 
 one handsome octavo volume, with several hundred illustrations. [Pre-paring.) 
 
 In 
 
 JONES (T. WHARTON), F. R. S., 
 
 Professor of Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery in University College, London, &c. 
 
 THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF OPHTHALMIC MEDICINE 
 
 AND SURGERY. With one hundred and ten illustrations. Second American from the second 
 and revised London edition, with additions b/ Edward Hartshorne, M. D., Surgeon to Wills' 
 Hospital, &c. In one large, handsome royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth, of 500 pages. $1 50. 
 
 We are confident that the reader will find, on 
 perusal, that the execution of the work amply fulfils 
 the promise of the preface, and sustains, in every 
 point, the already high reputation of the author as 
 an ophthalmic surgeon as well as a physiologist 
 and pathologist. The bonk is evidently the result 
 of much labor and research, and has been written 
 with the greatest care and attention; it possesses 
 that best quality which a general work, like a sys- 
 tem or manual can show, viz : the quality of having 
 all the materials whencesoever derived, so thorough- 
 
 ly wrought up, and digested in the author's mind, 
 as to come forth with the freshness and impressive- 
 ness of an original production. We entertain little 
 doubt that this book ■will become what its author 
 hoped it might become, a manual for daily reference 
 and consultation by the student and the general prac- 
 titioner. The work is marked by that correctness, 
 clearness, and precision of style which distinguish 
 all the productions of the learned author. — British 
 and For. Med. Review. 
 
18 
 
 BLANCHAKD & LEA'S MEDICALi 
 
 JONES (C. HAND FIELD), F. R. S., & EDWARD H. SIEVEKING, M.D., 
 
 Assistant Physicians and Lecturers in St. Mary's Hospital, London. 
 
 A MANUAL OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY. First American Edition, 
 
 Revised. With three hundred and ninety-seven handsome wood engravings. In one large and 
 
 beautiful octavo volume of nearly 750 pages, leather. $3 75. 
 
 As a concise text-book, containing, in a condensed present condition of pathological anatomy. In this 
 form, a complete outline of what is known in the 
 domain of Pathological Anatomy, it is perhaps the 
 best work in ihe English language. Its great merit 
 consists in its completeness and brevity, and in this 
 respect it supplies a great desideratum in our lite- 
 rature. Heretofore the student of pathology was 
 obliged to glean from a great number of monographs, 
 and the field was so extensive that but few cultivated 
 it with any degree of success. As a simple work 
 of reference, therefore, it is of great value to the 
 student of pathological anatomy, and should be in 
 every physician's library. — Western Lancet. 
 
 In offering the above titled work to the public, the 
 authors have not attempted to intrude new views on 
 their professional brethren, but simply to lay before 
 them, what has long been wanted, an outline of the 
 
 they have been completely successful. The work is 
 one of the best compilations which we have ever 
 perused. — Charleston Medical Journal and Review. 
 
 We urge upon our readers and the profession gene- 
 rally the importance of informing themselves in re- 
 gard to modern views of pathology, and recommend 
 to them to procure the work before us as the best 
 means of obtaining this information. — Stethoscope. 
 
 From the casual examination we have given we 
 are inclined to regard it as a text-book, plain, ra- 
 tional, and intelligible, such a book as the practical 
 man needs for daily reference. For this reason it 
 will be likely to be largely useful, as it suits itself 
 to those busy men who have little time for minute 
 investigation, and prefer a summary to an elaborate 
 tieatise. — Buffalo Medical Journal. 
 
 KIRKES (WILLIAM SENHOUSE), M. D., 
 
 Demonstrator of iVIorbid Anatomy at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, &c. 
 
 A MANUAL OF PHYSIOLOGY. A new American, from the third and 
 
 improved London edition. With two hundred illustrations. In one large and handsome royal 
 
 12mo. volume, leather, pp. 586. $2 00. (Jzist Issued, 1857.) 
 
 In again passing this work through his hands, the author has endeavored to render it a correct 
 exposition of the present condition of the science, making such alterations and additions as have 
 been dictated by further experience, or as the progress of investigation has rendered desirable. In 
 every point of mechanical execution the publishers have sought to make it superior to former edi- 
 tions, and at the very low price at which it is offered, it will be found one of the handsomest and 
 cheapest volumes before the profession. 
 
 In making these improvements, care has been exercised not unduly to increase its size, thus 
 maintaining its distinctive characteristic of presenting within a moderate compass a clear and con- 
 nected view of its subjects, sufficient for the wants of the student. 
 
 This is a new and very much improved edition of 
 Dr. Kirkes' well-known Handbook of Physiology. 
 Originally constructed on the basis of the admirable 
 treatise of Muller, it has in successive editions de- 
 veloped itself into an almost original work, though 
 no change has been made in the plan or arrangement. 
 It combines conciseness with completeness, and is, 
 therefore, admirably adapted for consultation by the 
 busy practitioner. — Dublin Quarterly Journal, Feb. 
 1857. 
 
 Its excellence is in its compactness, its clearness, 
 and its carefully cited authorities. It is the most 
 convenient of text-books. These gentlemen, Messrs 
 Kirkes and Paget, have really an immense talent for 
 silence, which is not so common or so cheap as prat- 
 ing people fancy. They have the gift of telling us 
 what we want to know, without thinking it neces- 
 sary to tell us all they know. — Boston Med and 
 Surg. Journal, May 14, 1857. 
 
 One of the very best handbooks of Physiology we 
 possess— presenting just such an outline of the sci- 
 ence, comprising an account of its leading facts and 
 generally admitted principles, as the student requires 
 during his attendance upon a course of lectures, or 
 for reference whilst preparing for examination. — 
 Am. Medical Journal . 
 
 We need only say, that, without entering into dis- 
 cussions of unsettled questions, it contains all the 
 recent improvements in this department of medical 
 science. For the student beginning this study, and 
 the practitioner who has but leisure to refresh his 
 memory, this book is invaluable, as it contains all 
 that it is important to know, without special details, 
 which are read with interest only by those who 
 would make a specialty, or desire to possess a criti- 
 cal knowledge of the subject. — Charleston Medical 
 Journal. 
 
 KNAPP'S TECHNOLOGY ; or, Chemistry applied 
 to the Arts and to Manufactures. Edited, with 
 numerous Notes and Additions, by Dr. Edmund 
 Ronalds and Dr. Thomas Richardson. First 
 
 American edition, with Notes and Additions, by 
 Prof. Walter R. Johnson. In two handsome 
 octavo volumes, extra cloth, with about 500 wood- 
 engravings. $6 00. 
 
 LUDLOW (J. L.), M. D. 
 A MANUAL OF EXAMINATIONS upon Anatomy, Physiology, Surgery, 
 
 Practice of Medicine, Obstetrics, Materia Medica, Chemistry, Pharmacy, and Therapeutics. To 
 which is added a Medical Formulary. Designed for Students of Medicine throughout the United 
 Slates. Third edition, thoroughly revised and greatly extended and enlarged. With three 
 himdred and seventy illustrations. In one large and handsome royal 12mo. volume, leather, of 
 over 800 closely printed pages (Just Issued.) $250. 
 
 The great popularity of this volume, and the numerous demands for it during the two years in which 
 it has been out of print, have induced the author in its revision to spare no pains to render it a 
 correct and accurate digest of the most recent condition of all ihe branches of medical science. In 
 many respects it may, therefore, be regarded rather as a new book than a new edition, an entire 
 section on Physiology having been added, as also one on Organic Chemistry, and many portions 
 having been rewritten. A very complete series of illustrations has been introduced, and every 
 care has been taken in the mechanical execution to render it a convenient and satisfactory book for 
 study or reference. 
 
 The arrangement of the volume in the form of question and answer renders it especially suited 
 for the office examination of students and for those preparing for graduation. 
 
 We know nf no better companion for the student I crammed into his head by the various professors to 
 during the hours spent in the lecture room, or to re- whom he is compelled to listen. — Western Lancet, 
 fresh, at a glance, his memory of the various topics \ May, 1857. 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 19 
 
 LEHMANN (C. G.) 
 PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. Translated from the second edition by 
 
 George E. Day, M. D., F. R. S., &c., edited by R. E. Rogers, M. D., Professor of Chemistry 
 in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, with illustrations selected from 
 Funke's Atlas of Physiological Chemistry, and an Appendix of plates. Complete in two large 
 and handsome octavo volumes, extra cloth, containing 1200 pages, with nearly two hundred illus- 
 trations. $6 00. 
 
 This great work, universally acknowledged as the most complete and authoritative exposition ol 
 the principles and details of Zoochemistry, in its passage through the press, has received from 
 Professor Rogers such care as was necessary to present it in a correct and reliable form. To such 
 a work additions were deemed superfluous, but several years having elapsed between the appear- 
 ance in Germany of the first and last volume, the latter contained a supplement, embodying nume- 
 rous corrections and additions resulting from the advance of the science. These have all been incor- 
 porated in the text in their appropriate places, while the subjects have been still furtner elucidated by 
 the insertion of illustrations from the Atlas of Dr. Otto Funke. "With the view of supplying the student 
 with the means of convenient comparison, a large number of wood-cuts, from works on kindred 
 subjects, have also been added in the form of an Appendix of Plates. The work is, therefore, pre- 
 sented as in every way worthy the attention of all who desire to be familiar with the modern facts 
 and doctrines of Physiological Science. 
 
 it treats. — Edinburgh Monthly Journal of Medical 
 Science. 
 
 Already well known and appreciated by the scien- 
 tific world. Professor Lehmann's great work re- 
 quires no laudatory sentences, as, under a new garb, 
 it is now presented to us. The little space at our 
 command would ill suffice to set forth even a small 
 portion of its excellences. — Boston Med. and Surg. 
 Journal, Dec. 1855. 
 
 The most important contribution as yet made to 
 Physiological Chemistry. — Am. Journal Med. Sci- 
 ences, Jan. 1856. 
 
 The present volumes belong to the small class of 
 medical literature which comprises elaborate works 
 of the highest order of merit. — Montreal Med. Chron- 
 icle, Jan. 1856. 
 
 The work of Lehmann stands unrivalled as the 
 most comprehensive book of reference and informa- 
 tion extant on every branch of the subject on which 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Just Issued.) 
 
 MANUAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSIOLOGY. Translated from the German, 
 
 with Notes and Additions, by J. Cheston Morris, M. D., with an Introductory Essay on Vital 
 Force, by Samuel Jackson, M. D., Professor of the Institutes of Medicine in the University of 
 Pennsylvania. With illustrations on wood. In one very handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, 
 of 336 pages. $2 25. 
 
 Fro«i Prof. Jarkson^s Introductory Essay. 
 In adopting the handbook of Dr. Lehmann as a manual of Organic Chemistry for the use of the 
 students of the University, and in recommending his original work of Physiological Chemistry 
 for their more mature studies, the high value of his researches, and the great weight of his autho- 
 rity in that important department of medical science are fully recognized. 
 
 LAWRENCE (W.), F. R. S., &c. 
 A TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE EYE. A new edition, edited, 
 
 with numerous additions, and 243 illustrations, by Isaac Hays, M. D., Surgeon to Will's Hospi- 
 tal, &c. In one very large and handsome octavo volume, of 950 pages, strongly bound in leather 
 with raised bands. $5 00. 
 This admirable treatise— the safest guide and most ] likely that this great work will cease to merit the 
 
 comprehensive work of reference, which is within 
 the reach of the profession. — Stethoscope. 
 
 This standard text-book on the department of 
 which it treats, has not been superseded, by any or 
 all of the numerous publications on the subject 
 
 confidence and preference of students or practition- 
 ".rs. Its ample extent — nearly one thousand large 
 octavo p.iges— has enabled both author and editor to 
 do justice to all the details of this subject, and con- 
 dense in this single volume the present state of our 
 knowledge of the whole science in this department, 
 
 heretofore issued. Nor with the multiplied improve- whereby its practical value cannot be excelled. — N. 
 menta of Dr. Hays, the American editor, is it at all [ Y. Med. Gaz. 
 
 LAYCOCK (THOMAS), M . D,, F. R. S. E., 
 
 Professor of Practical and Clinical Medicine in the University of Edinburgh, &c. 
 
 LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF MEDICAL 
 
 OBSERVATION AND RESEARCH. For the Use of Advanced Students and Junior Prac- 
 titioners. In one very neat royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth. Price $1 00. 
 
 LALLEMAND AND WILSON. 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, AND 
 
 TREATMENT OF SPERMATORRHCEA. By M. Lallemand. Translated and edited by 
 
 Henry J McDougall. Third American edition. To which is added ON DISEASES 
 
 OF THE VESICUL^ SEMINALES; and their associated organs. With special refer- 
 ence to the Morbid Secretions of the Prostatic and Urethral Mucous Membrane. By Marris 
 Wilson, M. D. In one neat octavo volume, of about 400 pp., extra cloth. $2 00. (Now Ready.) 
 Although the views of M. Lallemand on Spermatorrhoea hsve unquestionably exercised a very 
 great influence, and the treatment advocated by him has beeti very generally adopted, still, a num- 
 ber of years having elapsed since his work was given to the world, the publishers have thought that 
 the value of the present edition would be enhanced by the addition of 'he little treatis^e of Dr. 
 Marris Wilson. In it the causes of the different varieties of SpermatorrhcEaare investigated with 
 the aid of modern pathology, from which, combined with the most recent experience of the pro- 
 fession, the attempt is made to deduce a rational s^-stem of curative treatment. Whatever defi- 
 ciencies may have been caused in the work of M. Lallemand by the progress of medical science, will, 
 it is hoped, be in this manner supplied. 
 
20 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 LA ROCHE (R.), M. D., &c. 
 YELLOW FEVEK, considered in its Historical, Pathological, Etiological, and 
 
 Therapeutical Relations. Including a Sketch of the Disease as it has occurred in Philadelphia 
 from 1699 to 1854, with an examination of the connections between it and the fevers known under 
 the same name in other parts of temperate as well as in tropical regions. In two large and 
 handsome octavo volumes of nearly 1500 pages, extra cloth. $7 00. 
 From Professor S. H. Dichson, Charleston, S. C, 
 September 18, 1855. 
 A monument of intellifcent and well applied re 
 search, almost without example. It is, indeed, in 
 
 itself, a large library, and is destined to constitute 
 the special resort as a book of reference, in the 
 subject of which it treats, to all future time. 
 
 arduous research and careful study, and the result 
 is such as will reflect the highest honor upon the 
 author and our country. — Southern Med. and Surg. 
 Journal . 
 
 The genius and scholarship of this great physician 
 could not have been better employed than in the 
 erection of this towering monument to his own fame, 
 
 We have not time at present, engaged as we are, and to the glory of the medical literature of his ow^n 
 
 by day and by night, in the work of combating this 
 very disease, now prevailing in our city, to do more 
 than give this cursory notice of what we consider 
 as undoubtedly the most able and erudite medical 
 publication our country has yet produced. But in 
 view of the startlinj; fact, that this, the most malig- 
 nant and unmanageable disease of modern times, 
 has for several years been prevailing in our country 
 to a greater extent than ever before; that it is no 
 longer confined to either large or small cities, but 
 penetrates country villages, plantations, and farm- 
 houses ; that it is treated with scarcely better suc- 
 cess now than thirty' or forty years ago ; that there 
 is vast mischief done by ignorant pretenders to know- 
 ledge in regard to the disease, and in view of the pro- 
 bability that a majority of southern physicians will 
 be called upon to treat the disease, we trust that this 
 able and comprehensive treatise will be very gene- 
 rally read in the south. — Memphis Med. Recorder. 
 This is decidedly the great American medical work 
 of the day — a full, complete, and systematic treatise, 
 unequalled by any other upon the all-important sub- 
 ject of Yellow Fever. The laborious, indefatigable, 
 and learned author has devoted to it many years of 
 
 country. It is destined to remain the great autho- 
 rity upon the subject of Yellow^ Fever. The student 
 and physician will find in these volumes a risumi 
 of the sum total of the knowledge of the world upon 
 the awful scourge which they so elaborately discuss. 
 The style is so soft and so pure as to refresh and in- 
 vigorate the mind while absorbing the thoughts of 
 the gifted author, while the publishers have suc- 
 ceeded in bringing the externals into a most felicitous 
 harmony with the inspiration that dwells within. 
 Take it all in all, it is a book we have often dreamed 
 of, but dreamed not that it would ever meet our 
 waking eye as a tangible reality. — Nashville Journal 
 of Medicine. 
 
 We deem it fortunate that the splendid work of 
 Dr. La Roche should have been issued from the press 
 at this particular time. The want of a reliable di- 
 gest of all that is known in relation to this frightful 
 malady has long been felt — a want very satisfactorily 
 met in the work before us. We deem it but faint 
 praise to say that Dr. La Roche has succeeded in 
 presenting the profession with an able and complete 
 monograph, one which will find its way into every 
 
 well ordered library. — Va. Stethoscope. 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 PNEUMONIA ; its Supposed Connection, Pathological and Etiological, with Au- 
 tumnal Fevers, including an Inquiry into the Existence and Morbid Agency of Malaria. In one 
 handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of 500 pages. $3 00. 
 
 MILLER (HENRY), M. D., 
 
 Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children in the University of Louisville. 
 
 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF OBSTETRICS, &c. ; including the Treat- 
 
 ment of Chronic Inflammation of the Cervix and Body of the Uterus considered as a frequent 
 cause of Abortion. With about one hundred illustrations on wood. In one very handsome oc- 
 tavo volume, of over 600 pages. {Now Ready.) $3 75. 
 
 The reputation of Dr. Miller as an obstetrician is too widely spread to require the attention of 
 the profession to be specially called to a volume containing the experience of his long and extensive 
 practice. The very favorable reception accorded to his " Treatise on Human Parturition," issued 
 some years since, is an earnest that the present work will fulfil the author's intention of providing 
 within a moderate compass a complete and trustworthy text-book for the student, and book of re- 
 ference for the practitioner. Based to a certain extent upon the former work, but enlarged to more 
 than double its size, and almost wholly rewritten, it presents, besides the matured experience ot 
 the author, the most recent views and investigations of modern obstetric writers, such as Dubois, 
 Cazeaux, Simpson, Tyler Smith, &c., thus embodying the results not only of the American, 
 but also of the Paris, the London, and the Edinburgh obstetric schools. The author's position for so 
 many years as a teacher of his favorite branch, has given him a familiarity with the wants of stu- 
 dents and a facility of conveying instruction, which cannot fail to render the volume eminently 
 adapted to its purposes. 
 
 We congratulate the author that the task is done. 
 We congratulate him that he has given to the medi- 
 cal public a work which will secure for him a high 
 and permanent position among the standard autho- 
 rities on the principles and practice of obstetrics. 
 Congratulations are not less due to the medical pro- 
 fession of this country, on the acquisition of a trea- 
 tise embodying the results of the studies, reflections, 
 and experience of Prof. Miller. Few men, if any, 
 in this country, are more competent than he to write 
 on thisdepartment of medicine. Engaged for thirty- 
 five years in an extended practice of obstetrics, for 
 many years a teacher of this branch of instruction 
 in one of the largest of our institutions, a diligent 
 student as well as a careful observer, an original and 
 independent thinker, wedded to no hobbies, ever 
 ready to consider without prejudice new views, and 
 to adopt innovations if they are really improvements, 
 and withal a clear, agreeable writer, a practical 
 treatise from his pen could not fail to possess great 
 value. Returning to Prof. Miller's work we have 
 only to add that we hope most sincerely it will be in 
 the hands of every reading and thinking practitioner 
 of this country. — Buffalo Med Journal, Mar. 1858. 
 
 In fact, this volume must take its place among the 
 standard systematic treatises on obstetrics ; a posi- 
 tion to whicli its merits justly entitle it. The style 
 is such that the descriptions are clear, and each sub- 
 ject IS discussed and elucidated with due regard to 
 its practical bearings, which cannot fail to make it 
 acceptable and valuable to both students and prac- 
 titioners. We cannot, hoAvever, close this brief 
 notice without congratulating the author and the 
 profession on the production of such an excellent 
 treatise. The author is a western man of whom we 
 feel proud, and we cannot but think that his book 
 will find many readers and warm admirers wherever 
 obstetrics is taught and studied as a science and an 
 art. — The Cincinnati Lancet and Observer, Feb. 1858. 
 
 A most respectable and valuable addition to our 
 home medical literature, and one reflecting credit 
 alike on the author and the institution to which he 
 is attached. The student will find in this work a 
 most useful guide to his studies ; the country prac- 
 titioner, rusty in his reading, can obtain from its 
 pages a fair resume of the modern literature of the 
 science ; and we hope to see this American produc- 
 tion generally consulted by the profession. — Va. 
 Med. Journal, Feb. 1858. 
 
AND {SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 21 
 
 MEIGS (CHARLES D.), M. D., 
 
 Professor of Obstetrics, &c. in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. 
 
 OBSTETRICS: THE SCIENCE AND THE AET. Third edition, revised 
 
 and improved. With one hundred and twenty-nine illustrations. In one beautifully printed octavo 
 
 volume, leather, of seven hundred and fifty-two large pages. $3 75. 
 
 The rapid demand for another edition of this work is a sufficient expression of the favorable 
 verdict of the profession. In thus preparing it a third time for the press, the author has endeavored 
 to render it in every respect worthy of the favor which it has received. To accomplish this be 
 has thoroughly revised it in every part. Some portions have been rewritten, others added, new 
 illustrations have been in many instances substituted for such as were not deemed satisfactory, 
 while, by an alteration in the typographical arrangement, the size of the work has not been increased, 
 and the price remains unaltered. In its present improved form, it is, therefore, hoped that the work 
 will continue to meet the wants of the American profession as a sound, practical, and extended 
 System of Midwifery. 
 
 Though the work has received only five pages of 
 enlargement, its chapters throughout wear the im- 
 press of careful revision. Expunging and rewriting, 
 remodelling its sentences, with occasional new ma- 
 terial, all evince a lively desire that it shall deserve 
 to be regarded as improved in manner as well as 
 matter. In the matter, every stroke of the pen has 
 increased the value of the book, both in expungings 
 and additions — Western Lancet, Jan. 1857. 
 
 The best American work on Midwifery that is 
 accessible to the student and practitioner — N. W. 
 Med. and Surg. Journal, Jan. 1657. 
 
 This is a standard work by a great American Ob- 
 stetrician. It is the third and last edition, and, in 
 the larguage of the preface, the author has "brought 
 the subject up to the latest dates of real improve- 
 ment in our art and Science." — Nashville Journ. of 
 Med. and Surg., May, 1857. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (^Lately Issued.) 
 
 WOMAN : HER DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. A Series of Lee 
 
 tures to his Class. Third and Improved edition. In one large and beautifully printed octavo 
 
 volume, leather. pp. 672. $3 60. 
 
 The gratifying appreciation of his labors, as evinced by the exhaustion of two large impressions 
 of this work within a few years, has not been lost upon the author, who has endeavored in every 
 way to render it worthy of the favor with which it has been received. The opportunity thus 
 afforded for a second revision has been improved, and the work is now presented as in every way 
 superior to its predecessors, additions and alterations having been made whenever the advance of 
 science has rendered them desirable. The typographical execution of the work will also be found 
 to have undergone a similar improvement, and the work is now confidently presented as in every 
 way worthy the position it has acquired as the standard American text-book on the Diseases of 
 Females. 
 
 It contains a vast amount of practical knowledge, 
 by one who has accurately observed and retained 
 the experience of many years, and who tells the re- 
 sult in a free, familiar, and pleasant manner. — Dub- 
 lin Qtcarterly Journal. 
 
 There is an off-hand fervor, a glow, and a warm- 
 heartedness infecting the effort of Dr. Meigs, which 
 is entirely captivating, and which absolutely hur- 
 ries the reader through from beginning to end. Be- 
 sides, the book teems with solid instruction, and 
 it shows the very highest evidence of ability, viz., 
 the clearness with which the information is pre- 
 sented. We know of no better test of one's under- 
 standing a subject than the evidence of the power 
 of lucidly explaining it. The most elementary, as 
 well as the obscurest subjects, under the pencil of 
 Prof. Meigs, are isolated and made to stand out in 
 
 such bold relief, as to produce distinct impressions 
 upon the mind and memory of the reader. — Tht 
 Charleston Med. Journal. 
 
 Professor Meigs has enlarged and amended this 
 great work, for such it unquestionably is, having 
 passed the ordeal of criticism at home and abroad, 
 but been improved thereby ; for in this new edition 
 the author has introduced real improvements, and 
 increased the value and utility of the book im- 
 measurably. It presents so many novel, bright, 
 and sparkling thoughts ; such an exuberance of new 
 ideas on almost every page, that we confess our- 
 selves to have become enamored with the book 
 and its author ; and cannot withhold our congratu- 
 lations from our Philadelphia confreres, that such a 
 teacher is in their service. — N. Y. Med. Gazette. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 ON THE NATURE, SIGNS, AND TREATMENT OF CHILDBED 
 
 FEVER. In a Series of Letters addressed to the Students of his Class. In one handsome 
 octavo volume, extra cloth, ol 365 pages. $2 50. 
 
 The instructive and interesting author of this 
 work, whose previous labors in the department of 
 medicine which he so sedulously cultivates, have 
 placed his countrymen under deep and abiding obli- 
 gations, again challenges their admiration in the 
 fresh and vigorous, attractive and racy pages before 
 Us. It is a delectable book. * * * This treatise 
 upon child-bed fevers will have an extensive sale, 
 being destined, as it deserves, to find a place in the 
 library of every practitioner who scorns to lag in the 
 rear. — Nashville Journal of Medizine and Surgery. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR ; WITH COLORED PLATES. 
 
 A TREATISE ON ACUTE AND CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE NECK 
 
 OF THE UTERUS. With numerous plates, drawn and colored from nature in the highest 
 style of art. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth. $4 50. 
 
 This book will add more to his fame than either 
 of those which bear his name. Indeed we doubt 
 whether any material improvement will be made on 
 the teachings of this volume for a century to come, 
 since it is so eminently practical, and based on pro- 
 found knowledge of the science and consummate 
 skill in the art of healing, and ratified by an ample 
 and extensive experience, such as few men have the 
 industry or good fortune to acquire. — N. Y. Med, 
 Gazette. 
 
 MAYNE'S DISPENSATORY AND THERA- i MALGAIGNE'S OPERATIVE SURGERY, based 
 
 PEUTICAL REMEMBRANCER. Comprising 
 the entire lists of Materia Medica, with every 
 Practical Formula contained in the three British 
 Pharmacopoeias. Edited, with the addition of the 
 Formulce of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, by R. E. 
 Griffith, M.D. 1 12mo. vol. ex.cl.,300pp. 75 c. 
 
 on Normal and Pathological Anatomy. Trans- 
 lated from the French by Frederick Brittan, 
 A. B., M. D. With numerous illustrations on wood. 
 In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of 
 nearly six hundred pages. $2 25. • 
 
22 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 MACLISE (JOSEPH), SURGEON. 
 SUKGICAL ANATOMY. Forming one volume, very large imperial quarto. 
 
 With sixty-eight larg-e and splendid Plates, drawn in the best style and beautifully colored. Coa- 
 taining one hundred and ninety Figures, many of them the size of life. Together with copious 
 and explanatory letter-press. Strongly and handsomely bound in extra cloth, being one of the 
 cheapest and best executed Surgical works as yet issued in this country. $11 00. 
 *^.* The size of this work prevents its transmission through the post-ofRce as a whole, but those 
 who desire to have copies forwarded by mail, can receive them in five parts, done up in stout 
 wrappers. Price $9 00. 
 
 One of the greatest artistic triumphs of the age | Of great value to the student engaged in dissect- 
 in Surgical Anatomy. — British American Medical ' ing, and to the surgeon at a distance from the means 
 
 Journal, 
 
 Too much cannot be said in its praise; indeed, 
 we have not language to do it justice. — Ohio Medi- 
 cal and Surgical Journal. 
 
 The most admirable surgical atlas V7e have seen. 
 To the practitioner deprived of demonstrative dis- 
 sections upon the human subject, it is an invaluable '. profession, such a work is almost indispensable. — 
 
 of keepmg up his anatomical knowledge. — Medical 
 Times. 
 
 A work which has no parallel in point of accu- 
 racy and cheapness in the English language. — N. Y. 
 Journal of Medicine. 
 
 To all engaged in the study or practice of their 
 
 Dublin Quarterly Medical Journal. 
 
 Country practitioners will find these plates of im- 
 mense value. — N. Y. Medical Gazette. 
 
 We are extremely gratified to announce to the 
 profession the completion of this truly magnificent 
 work, ■which, as a whole, certainly stands unri- 
 valled, both for accuracy of drawing, beauty of 
 . , , . . ^. ^ , coloring, and all the requisite explanations of the 
 
 Its plates can boast a superiority which places subject in hand.— TAe New Orleans Medical and 
 tnemalmost beyond the reach of competition. — Medi- Surgical Journal, 
 cal Examiner. i 
 
 Every practitioner, we think, should have a work This is by far the ablest work on Surgical Ana- 
 of this kind within reach.— So««Aem Medical and tomy that has come under our observation. We 
 
 companion. — iV. J. Medical Reporter. 
 
 The most accurately engraved and beautifully 
 colored plates we have ever seen in an American 
 book — one of the best and cheapest surgical works 
 ever published. — Buffalo Medical Journal. 
 
 It is very rare that so elegantly printed, go well 
 illustrated, and so useful a work, is offered at so 
 moderate a price. — Charleston Medical Journal. 
 
 Surgical Journal. 
 
 No such lithographic illustrations of surgical re- 
 gions have hitherto, -we think, been given. — Boston 
 Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 As a surgical anatomist, Mr. Maclise has proba- 
 
 know of no other work that -would justify a stu- 
 dent, in any degree, for neglect of actual dissec- 
 tion. In those sudden emergencies that so often 
 arise, and which require the instantaneous command 
 of minute anatomical kno^vledge, a work of this kind 
 keeps the details of the dissecting-room perpetually 
 
 bly no superior. — British and Foreign Medico-Chi- fresh in the memory. — The Western Journal of Medi 
 rurgical Review. I cine and Surgery. 
 
 The very low price at whicli this work is furnished, and the beanty of its execution, 
 reqxiire an extended sale to compensate the publishers for the heavy expenses inctirred. 
 
 MORLAND (W. WJ, M. D. 
 
 Fellow of the Massachusetts Medical Society, &c. 
 
 DISEASES OP THE URINAilY ORGANS; a Compendium of their Diagnosis, 
 
 Pathology, and Treatment. With illustrations. In one large and handsome octavo volume, of 
 
 about 600 pages, extra cloth. {Now ready, Oct. 1S.5S.) Price S3 50. 
 
 This volume, it is hoped, will supply the want of a work presenting within convenient compass 
 the whole subject of the diseases to which all the urinary organs are liable, with their treatment, 
 both medical and surgical. The aim of the author has been throughout to condense the results of 
 the most recent investigations in a clear and succinct manner, omitting nothing of practical im- 
 portance, without, at the same time, embarrassing the student with unnecessary speculations. 
 Various elaborate and important works have recently appeared on different departments of the 
 subject, but none, it is believed, which thoroughly covers the whole ground in the manner which 
 Dr. Morland has attempted. 
 
 MACKENZIE (WJ, M.D., 
 
 Surgeon Oculist in Scotland in ordinary to Her Majesty, &c. &c. 
 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON DISEASES AND INJURIES OF THE 
 
 EYE. To which is prefixed an Anatomical Introduction explanatory of a Horizontal Section of 
 the Human Eyeball, by Thomas Whakton Jones, F. R. S. From 'the Fourth Revised and En- 
 larged London Edition. With Notes and Additions by Addinell Hewson, M. D., Surgeon to 
 Wills Hospital, &:c. &c. In one very large and handsome octavo volume, leather, raised bands, with 
 plates and numerous wood-cuts. $5 25. 
 
 The treatise of Dr. Alackenzie indisputably holds I sider it the duty of every one who has the love of his 
 the first place^, and forms, in respect of learning and profession and the welfare of his patient at heart, to 
 
 make himself familiar with this the most complete 
 work in the English language upon the diseases of 
 the eye. — Med. Tiines and Gazette. 
 
 The fourth edition of this standard work w^ill no 
 doubt be as fully appreciated as the three former edi- 
 
 research, an Encyclopsedia unequalled in extent by 
 any other work of the kind, either English or foreign. 
 — Dixon on Diseases of the Eye. 
 
 Few modern books on any department of medicine 
 or surgery have met with such extended circulation, . , . _. 
 
 or have procured for their authors a like amount of '< 'ions. It is unnecessary to say a word m its praise, 
 European celebrity. The immense research which | for the verdict has already been passed upon it by 
 it displayed, the thorough acquaintance with the '"^ most competent judges, and " Mackenzie on the 
 subject, practically as well as theoretically, and the Eye" has justly obtained a reputation which it is 
 able manner in which the author's stores of learning i" figure of speech to call world-wide.— SriJisA and 
 and experience were rendered availablefor general ^°''«^Sn Medico- Chirurgical Reviero. 
 use, at once procured for the first edition, as well on | This new edition cf Dr. Mackenzie's celebrated 
 the continent as in this country, that high posititm , treatise on diseases of the eye, is truly a miracle of 
 as a standard work which each successive edition industry and learning. We need scarcely say that 
 has more firmly established, in spite of the attrac- he has entirely exhausted the subject of his specialty. 
 tions of several rivals of no mean ability. We con- — Dublin Quarterly Journal. 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC P LT BL IC AT I ONS. 
 
 23 
 
 MILLER (JAMES), F. R. S. E., 
 
 Professor of Surgery in the University of Edinburgh, &c. 
 
 PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY. Fourth American, from the third and revised 
 
 Edinburg^h edition. In one large and very beautiful volume, leather, of 700 pages, w^ith two 
 hundred and forty exquisite illustrations on wood. $3 75. 
 
 The work of Mr. Miller is too well and too favor- 
 ably known among us, as one of our best text-books, 
 to render any further notice of it necessary than the 
 announcement of a new edition, the fourth in our 
 country, a proof of its extensive circulation among 
 OS. As a concise and reliable exposition of the sci- 
 ence of modern surgery, it stands deservedly high — 
 we know not its superior. — Boston Med. and Surg. 
 Journal. 
 
 It presents the most satisfactory exposition of the 
 modern doctrines of the principles of surgery to be 
 found in any volume in any language. — N. Y. Journal 
 of Medicine. 
 
 The work takes rank with Watson's Practice of 
 
 putation, or seeks the interests of his clients, can 
 acquit himself before his God and the ■world without 
 making himself familiar with the sound and philo- 
 sophical views developed in the foregoing book. — 
 New Orleans Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 Without doubt the ablest exposition of the prin- 
 ciples of that branch of the healing art in any lan- 
 guage. This opinion, deliberately formed after a 
 careful study of the first edition, we have had no 
 cause to change on examining the second. This 
 edition has undergone thorough revision by the au- 
 thor; many expressions have been modified, and a 
 mass of new matter introduced. The bo(,I: is got up 
 ^^^^ „„„^„ .„„„ ...,, .„^.„ „ .. .„^.,..,^ ... in the finest style, and is an evidence of the progress 
 
 PhVsrcV It cenarnly'does'not' fali'ijeh'ind^thirgTeat j of typography in our coMRtry.— Charleston Medical 
 
 work in soundness of principle or depth of reason- Journal and Review. 
 
 ing and research. No physician who values his re- I 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. {Now Ready.) 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF SURGERY. Fourth American from the last Edin- 
 burgh edition. Revised by the American editor. Illustrated by three hundred and sixty-four 
 engravings on wood. In one large octavo volume, leather, of nearly 700 pages. $3 75. 
 No encomium of ours could add to the popularity i his works, both on the principles and practice of 
 of iVIiller's Surgery. Its reputation in this country surgery have been assigned the highest rank. If we 
 is unsurpassed by that of any other work, and, when I were limited to but one work on surgery, that one 
 taken in connection with the author's Principles of \ should be Miller's, as we regard it as superior to all 
 Surgery., constitutes a whole, without reference to | others. — St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 to which no conscientious surgeon would be virilling 
 practice his art. — Southern Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 It is seldom that two volumes have ever made so 
 profound an impression in so short a time as the 
 "Principles" and the "Practice" of Surgery by 
 Mr. Miller — or so richly merited the reputation they 
 have acquired. The author is an eminently sensi- 
 ble, practical, and well-informed man, who knows 
 
 The author has in this and his " Principles," pre- 
 sented to the profession one of the most completeand 
 reliable systems of Surgery extant. His style of 
 writing is original, impressive, and engaging, ener- 
 getic, concise, and lucid. Few have the faculty of 
 condensing so much in small space, and at the same 
 time so persistently holding the attention. Whether 
 .-,,-.„., , I as a text-book for students or a book of reference 
 
 exactly what he is talking about and exactly how to , f^j practitioners, it cannot be too stronglv recom- 
 talk It.— Kentucky Medical Recorder. | mended.— Southern Journal of Med. and Physical 
 
 By the almost unanimous voice of the profession, 1 Sciences. 
 
 MONTGOMERY (W. F.), M. D., M. R. I. A., &c., 
 
 Professor of Midwifery in the King and Queen's College of Pliysicians in Ireland, &e. 
 
 AN EXPOSITION OF THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PREGNANCY. 
 
 With some other Papers on Subjects connected with Midwifery. From the second and enlarged 
 English edition. With two exquisite colored plates, and numerous Mrocd-euts. In one very 
 handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of nearly 600 pages. (Jzist Issued, 1857.) $3 75. 
 The present edition of this classical volume is fairly entitled to be regarded as a new work,' every 
 sentence having been carefully rewritten, and the whole increased to more than double the original 
 size. The title of the work scarcely does justice to the extent and importance of the topics 
 brought under consideration, embracing, with the exception of the operative procedures of mid- 
 wifery, almost everything connected with obstetrics, either directly or incidentally; and there are 
 few physicians who will not find in its pages much that will prove of great interest and value in 
 their daily practice. The special Essays on the Period of Human Gestation, the Signs of Delivery, 
 and the Spontaneous Amputation and other Lesions of the Foetus fit Utero present topics of the 
 highest interest fully treated and beautifully illustrated. 
 
 In every point of mechanical execution the work will be found one of the handsomest yet issued 
 from the American press. 
 
 A book unusually rich in practical suggestions. — 
 Am Journal Med. Sciences, Jan. 1857. 
 
 These several subjects so interesting in them- 
 selves, and so important, every one of them, to the 
 most delicate and precious of social relations, con- 
 trolling often the honor and domestic peace of a 
 family, the legitimacy of offspring, or the life of its 
 parent, are all treated with an elegance of diction, 
 fulness of illustrations, acutenessand justice of rea- 
 soning, unparalleled in obstetrics, and unsurpassed in 
 medicine. The reader's interest can never fliig, so 
 fresh, and vigorous, and classical is our author's 
 style; and one forgets, in the renewed charm of 
 every page, that it, and every line, and every word 
 
 has been weighed and reweighed through years of 
 preparation ; that this is of all others the book of 
 Obstetric Law, on each of its several topics ; on all 
 points connected with pregnancy, to be everywhere 
 received as a manual of special jurisprudence, at 
 once announcing fact, affording argument, establish- 
 ing precedent, and governing alike the juryman, ad- 
 vocate, and judge. It is not merely in its legal re- 
 lations that we find this work so interesting. Hardly 
 a page but that has its hints or facts important to 
 the general practitioner ; and not a chapter without 
 especial matter for the anatomist, physiologist, or 
 pathologist. — N. A. Med.-Chir. Review, March, 
 1857. 
 
 MOHR (FRANCIS), PH. D., AND REDWOOD (TH EOPH I LUS). 
 PRACTICAL PHARMACY. Comprising the Arrangements, Apparatus, and 
 
 Manipulations of the Pharmaceutical Shop and Laboratory. Edited, with extensive Additions, 
 by Prof William Procter, of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. In one handsomely 
 printed octavo volume, extra cloth, of 570 pages, with over 500 engravings on wood. $2 75. 
 
24 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 NEILL (JOHN), M. D., 
 
 Surgeon to the Pennsylvania Hospital, &c.; and 
 
 FRANCIS GURNEY SMITH, M.D., 
 
 Professor of Institutes of Medicine in the Pennsylvania Medical College. 
 
 AN ANALYTICAL COMPENDIUM OF THE VARIOUS BRANCHES 
 
 OF MEDICAL SCIENCE ; for the Use and Examination of Students. A new edition, revised 
 and improved. In one very large and handsomely printed royal 12mo. volume, of about one 
 thousand pages, with 374 wood-cuts. Strongly bound in leather, with raised bands. $3 00. 
 The very flattering reception which has been accorded to this work, and the high estimate placed 
 upon it by the profession, as evinced by the constant and increasing demand which has rapidly ex- 
 hausted two large editions, have stimulated the authors to render the volume in its present revision 
 more worthy of the success which has attended it. It has accordingly been thoroughly examined, 
 and such errors as had on former occasions escaped observation have been corrected, and whatever 
 additions were necessary to maintain it on a level with the advance of science have been introduced. 
 The extended series of illustrations has been still further increased and much improved, while, by 
 a slight enlargement of the page, these various additions have been incorporated without increasing 
 the bulk of the volume. 
 
 The work is, therefore, again presented as eminently worthy of the favor with which it has hitherto 
 been received. As a book for daily reference by the student requiring a guide to his more elaborate 
 text-books, as a manual for preceptors desiring to stimulate their students by frequent and accurate 
 examination, or as a source from which the practitioners of older date may easily and cheaply acquire 
 a knowledge of the changes and improvement in professional science, its reputation is permanently 
 established. 
 
 The best work of the kind with which we are 
 acquainted. — Med. Examiner. 
 
 Having made free use of this volume in our ex- 
 aminations of pupils, we can speak from experi- 
 ence in recommending it as an admirable compend 
 for students, and as especially useful to preceptors 
 who examine their pupils. It will save the teacher 
 much labor by enabling him readily to recall all of 
 the points upon which his pupils should be ex- 
 amined. A work of this sort should be in the hands 
 of every one who takes pupils into his office with a 
 view of examining them; and this is unquestionably 
 the best of its class. — Transylvania Med. Journal. 
 
 In the rapid course of lectures, where work for 
 
 the students is heavy, and review necessary for an 
 examination, a compend is not only valuable, but 
 it is almost a sine qua non. The one before us is, 
 in most of the divisions, the most unexceptionable 
 of all books of the kind that we know of. The 
 newest and soundest doctrines and the latest im- 
 provements and discoveries are explicitly, though 
 concisely, laid before the student. There is a class 
 to whom we very sincerely commend this cheap book 
 as worth its weight in silver — that class is the gradu- 
 ates in medicine of more than ten years' standing, 
 who have not studied medicine since. They will 
 perhaps find out from it that the science is not exactly 
 now what it was when they left it off. — The Stetho- 
 scope 
 
 NEILL (JOHN), M. D., 
 
 Professor of Surgery in the Pennsylvania Medical College, &c. 
 
 OUTLINES OF THE VEINS AND LYMPHATICS. With handsome colored 
 
 plates. 1 vol., cloth. $1 25. 
 
 OUTLINES OF THE NERVES. With handsome plates. 1 vol., cloth. $1 25. 
 
 NELIGAN (J. MOpRE), M. D., M. R. I. A., &c. 
 
 (A splendid work. Just Issued.) 
 
 ATLAS OF CUTANEOUS DISEASES. In one beautiful quarto volume, extra 
 
 cloth, with splendid colored plates, presenting nearly one hundred elaborate representations of 
 
 disease. $4 50. 
 
 This beautiful volume is intended as a complete and accurate representation of all the varieties 
 of Diseases of the Skin. While it can be consulted in conjunction with any work on Practice, it has 
 especial reference to the author's " Treatise on Diseases of the Skin," so favorably received by the 
 profession some years since. The publishers feel justified in saying that few more beautifully exe- 
 cuted plates have ever been presented to the profession of this country. 
 
 A compend virhich will very much aid the practi- 
 tioner in this difficult branch of diagnosis. Taken 
 with the beautiful plates of the Atlas, which are 
 remarkable for their accuracy and beauty of color- 
 ing, it constitutes a very valuable addition to the 
 library of a practical ma.D..— Buffalo Med. Journal, 
 Sept. 1856. 
 
 Nothing is often more difficult than the diagnosis 
 of disease of the skin ; and hitherto, the only works 
 containing illustrations have been at rather incon- 
 venient prices — prices, indeed, that prevented gene- 
 ral use. The work before us will supply a want 
 long felt, and minister to a more perfect acquaintance 
 with the nature and treatment of a very frequent 
 and troublesome form of disease. — Ohio Med. and 
 Surg. Journal, July, 1856. 
 
 Neligan's Atlas of Cutaneous Diseases supplies a 
 
 long existent desideratum much felt by the largest 
 class of our profession. It presents, in quarto size, 
 16 plates, each containing from 3 to 6 figures, and 
 forming in all a total of 90 distinct representations 
 of the different species of skin affections, grouped 
 together in genera or families. The illustrations 
 have been taken from nature, and have l]een copied 
 with such fidelity that they present a strikmg picture 
 of life; in which the reduced scale aptly serves to 
 give, at a coup d'ceil, the remarkable peculiarities 
 of each individual variety. And while thus the dis 
 ease is rendered more definable, there is yet no loss 
 of proportion incurred by the necessary concentra- 
 tion. Each figure is highly colored, and so truthful 
 has the artist been that the most fastid ous observer 
 could not justly take exception to the correctness of 
 the execution of the pictures under his scrutiny. — 
 Montreal Med. Chronicle. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE SKIN. Second 
 
 American edition. In one neat royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth, of 334 pages. $1 00. 
 
 B^" The two volumes wiil be sent by mail on receipt of Five Dollars. 
 
 OWEN ON THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF I 
 THE SKELETON, AND OF THE TEETH.] 
 
 One vol. royal 12mo., extra cloth, with numerous 
 illustrationa. $1 23. 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 25 
 
 PEASLEE (E. R.), M. D., 
 
 Professor of Physiology and General Pathology in the New York Medical College. 
 
 HUMAN HISTOLOGY, in its relations to Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology; 
 
 for the use of Medical Students, With four hundred and thirty-four illustrations. In one hand- 
 some octavo volume, of over 600 pages. (Now Ready, 1858.) $3 75. 
 
 It embraces a library upon the topics discussed i ceive this contribution to physiological science, 
 within itself, and is just what the teacherand learner j " Not with vain thanks, but with acceptance boun- 
 need. Another advantage, by no means to be over- teous." We have already paid it the practical 
 looked, everything of real value in the wide range compliment of making abundant use of it in the 
 
 which it embraces, is with great skill compressed 
 into an octavo volume of but little more than six 
 hundred pages. AVe have not only the whole sub- 
 ject of Histology, interesting in itself, ably and fully 
 discussed, but what is of infinitely greater interest 
 to the student, because of greater practical value, 
 are its relations to Anatomy, Physiology, and Pa- 
 thology, which are here fully and satisfactorily set 
 forth. These great supporting branches of practical 
 medicine are thus linked together, and while estab- 
 lishing and illustrating each other, are interwoven 
 into a harmonious whole. We conauend the work 
 to students and physicians generally. — Nashville 
 Journ. of Med. and Surgery, Dec. 1857. 
 
 It far surpasses our expectation. We never con- 
 ceived the possibility of compressing so much valu- 
 able information into so compact a form. We will | March, 1S58 
 not consume space with commendations. We re- 
 
 preparation of our lectures, and also of recommend- 
 ing its further perusal most cordially to our alamni; 
 a recommendation which we now extend to our 
 readers. — Memphis Med. Recorder, Jan. 1853. 
 
 We would recommend it to the medical student 
 and practitioner, as containing a summary of all that 
 is known of the important subjects which it treats; 
 of all that is contained in the great works of Simon 
 and Lehmann, and the organic chemists in general. 
 Master this one volume, we would say to the mtdical 
 student and practitioner — master this book and you 
 know all that is known of the great fundamental 
 principles of medicine, and we have no hesitation 
 in saying that it is an honor to the American medi- 
 cal profession that one of its members should have 
 produced it. — St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journal, 
 
 PEREIRA (JONATHAN), M. D., F. R. S., AND L. S. 
 THE ELEMENTS OF MATERIA MEDICA AND THEEAPEUTICS. 
 
 Third American edition, enlarged and improved by the author; including Notices of most of the 
 Medicinal Substances in use in the civilized world, and forming an Eocyelopeedia of Materia 
 Medica. Edited, with Additions, by Joseph Carson, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and 
 Pharmacy in the University of Pennsylvania. In two very large octavo volumes of 2100 pages, 
 on small type, with about 500 illustrations on stone and wood, strongly bound in leather, with 
 ' raised bands. $9 00. 
 
 PARRISH (EDWARD), 
 
 Lecturer on Practical Pharmacy and Materia Medica in the Pennsylvania Academy of Medicine, &c. 
 
 AN INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL PHARMACY. Designed as a Text- 
 
 Book for the Student, and as a Guide for the Physician and Pharmaceutist. With many For- 
 mulae and Prescriptions. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of 550 pages, with 243 
 Illustrations. $2 75. 
 
 A careful examination of this work enables us to 
 speak of it in the highest terms, as being the best 
 treatise on practical pharmacy with which we are 
 acquainted, and an invaluable vade-mecum, not only 
 to the apothecary and to those practitioners who are 
 accustomed to prepare their own medicines, but to 
 every medical man and medical student. Through- 
 out the work are interspersed valuable tables, useful 
 formulse, and practical hints, and the whole is illus- 
 trated by a large number of excellent wood-engrav- 
 ings. — Boston Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 This is altogether one of the most useful books we 
 have seen. It is just what we have long felt to be 
 needed by apothecaries, students, and practitioners 
 of medicine, most of whom in this country have to 
 put up their own prescriptions. It bears, upon every 
 page, the impress of practical knowledge, conveyed 
 in a plain common sense manner, and adapted to the 
 comprehension of all who may read it. No detail 
 has been omitted, however trivial it may seem, al- 
 though really important to the dispenser of medicine. 
 — Southern Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 To both the country practitioner and the city apo- 
 thecary this work of Mr. Parrish is a godsend. A 
 careful study of its contents will give the young 
 graduate a familiarity with the value and mode of 
 administering his prescriptions, which will be of as 
 much use to his patient as to himself. — Va. Med. 
 Journal. 
 
 Mr. Parrish has rendered a very acceptable service 
 to the practitioner and student, by furnishing this 
 
 book, which contains the leading facts and principles 
 of the science of Pharmacy, conveniently arranged 
 for study, and with special reference to those features 
 of the subject which possess an especial practical in- 
 terest to the physician. It furnishes the student, at 
 the commencement of his studies, with that infor- 
 mation which is of the greatest importance in ini- 
 tiating him into the domain of Chemistry and Materia 
 Medica; it familiarizes him with the compounding 
 of drugs, and supplies those minutiae which but few 
 practitioners can impart. The junior practitioner 
 will, also, find this volume replete with instruction. 
 — Charleston Med. Journal and Review, Mar. 1856. 
 
 There is no useful information in the details of the 
 apothecary's or country physician's office conducted 
 according to science that is omitted. The young 
 physician will find it an encyclopedia of indispensa- 
 ble medical knowledge, from the purchase of a spa- 
 tula to the compounding of the most learned pre- 
 scriptions. The woikis by the ablest pharmaceutist 
 in the United States, and must meet with an im- 
 mense sale. — Nashville Journal of Medicine. April, 
 1856. ' 
 
 We are glad to receive this excellent work. It 
 will supply a want long felt by the profession, and 
 especially by the student of Pharmacy. A large 
 majority of physicians are obliged to compound 
 their own medicines, and to them a work of this 
 kind is indispensable. — N. O. Medical ajid Surgical 
 Journal . 
 
 PARKER (LANGSTON), 
 
 Surgeon to the Queen's Hospital, Birmingham. 
 
 THE MODERN TREATMENT OF SYPHILITIC DISEASES, BOTH PRI- 
 MARY AND SECONDARY; comprisingtheTreatmentof Constitutional and Confirmed Syphi- 
 lis, by a safe and successful method. With numerous Cases, Formulae, and Clinical Observa- 
 tions. From the Third and entirely rewritten London edition. In one neat octavo volume 
 extra cloth, of 316 pages. $175. 
 
26 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 PIRRlE(WlLLrAM), F. R. S. E., 
 
 Professor of Surgery in the University of Aberdeen 
 
 THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY F,1,-f.^ v. t 
 
 Nhi.., M D., Professor of Surgery in the Pet.na. MYdleal CoUet luf^eont the Pen^^ 
 Hospual, &c. In one very handsome octavo volume, leather, of TSo'paJ- wi h 31^6 Hus rSs' 
 
 We know of no other surgical work of a reason- 
 able size, wherein there is sorauch theory and prac- 
 tice, or where subjects are more soundly or clearlv 
 taught. — The Stethoscope. 
 
 Tliere is scarcely a disease of the bones or soft 
 parts, fracture, or dislocation, that is not illustrated 
 by accurate wood-engravings. Then, again, every 
 instrument employed by the surgeon is thus repre- 
 Bented. These engravings are not only correct, but 
 
 really beautiful, showing the astonishing desree of 
 nerfection to which the art of wood-en?raviL has 
 Tr": i^h"*"- ^'"'^' '^ '^« wo^^ before us^, til 
 elaborately discussed the principles of surgery and 
 a sate and eifectual practice predicated upon them 
 f/=n%P'ir ^"--l^Ponthis subject heretotl,re issued 
 is so full upon the science of the art of surgery — 
 Nashville Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 R.ICORD (P.), M. D.. 
 A TREATISE ON THE VENEREAL DISEASE By John Hunter P R S 
 
 With copious Additions, by Ph. Ricord, M D Tran^laterl anH P-.i,t„/^f .u'Tt ™ ',. " ^- ^• 
 J. BuMSTKAD. M.D , Lecturer on Venereal aUheConeS of PhvS^^^^^ by Freeman 
 
 Second editicn, revised, conlaining a resn^i of Ricorb's Re^e' x^ ^^^ ^°^^ 
 
 one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of 550 pages, with eTo-h[nlateril 25 Ar''''''p " J"" 
 December, 1858.) i^ b'^-j "ii-u ejj,a[ piates. 5)>J ^&, (A^ow Ready, 
 
 In revising this work, the editor has endeavored to introduce whatever matter ^f j^, . u 
 cent investigations of syphilographers have added to our knowledge of The 'ubiect tT'' ""^'^-, 
 source from which ihis has been derived is the volume of " f eou,?Z ^n rl ^'^''J^*=,V ^^^e principal 
 months since by M. Ricord, which affords a Jar^e amnm t .f nfi / Chancre," published a few 
 controverted points. In the previou" edilion M RTnnH L^ v "'^ '°^tructive material on many 
 of the whole, ^and with the ma^t^^r now n odi^cfd, fhe worktaHrcoTir/'ft '' "^^^^^ .""^-'^'^^ 
 and experience more ihoroughlv and completely than an voih^r^ The.^uTAl^'^'-' h.s views 
 of Mr. Hunter is too well known to require prJi'e Perhans no m!^H i °f *^'' °u"°^"^' ""^^^'-^ 
 guage has so ihoroughlv stood the tes^ of ,fme or has .o'^comnKvl'''°''^'\'^^ ^"»'**^ 1^"" 
 classic, and a volume like the present, containing ?he united iXrs If^he h T^ *^\P°''"°'^ °'" ^ 
 difficult and important a subject, becomes inSen«abk o a I whn 1 ■ ^'=^'' authorities on so 
 level with the progress of medical science ^^ *" ^^^P themselves on a 
 
 va^^jhSf ,hq;;^r^:i?^^'^^'r^7— -^ l ''i^:^r^!^'iiz^T'''' ^-'^ ^--'-- -- 
 
 it must be aunii.ied, what has made the fonune of 
 the book, i? the t; ct that it contains the "most com- 
 plete embodiment of the veritable doctrines of the 
 Hopital du Midi," which has ever been made public 
 The doctrinal ideas of M. Ricord. ideas which if not 
 universally adopted, are incontestably dominant have 
 heretofore only been interpreted by more or less skilful 
 
 JO the world ui a lucid.:;rd |;;feeUyynlln;glb^S 
 ner In conclusion we can say that this is incon- 
 testably the best treatise on syphilis with which we 
 are acquainted, and, as we do not often employ tie 
 phrase, we may be excused for expressing the hoce 
 that .t may find a place in the library of every phy- 
 sician.- rir^niaAfed. a7id Surg. Journal ^ ^^ 
 
 EICORD'S LETTERS ON SYPmlS" Vr"a;Xted ly W. R Lattzmoe. M B 
 
 In one neat octavo volume, of 270 pages, extra cloth. $2 00. -i^AlilMORE, M. D. 
 
 ROKITANSKY 
 
 Curator of the Imperial Pathological Museum 
 
 A MANUAL OF PATHOLOGICAL 
 
 bound in two. extra cloth, of about 1200 pao-es 
 KING, C. H. MooEE, and G. E. Day. f5 50 
 The profession is too well acquainted with the re- 
 putation of Rokitansky's work to need our assur- 
 ance that this IS one of the most profound, thorouo-h 
 and valuable books ever issued from the medical i 
 press. It is sui generis, and has no standard of com- 
 parison. It is only necessary to announce that it is 
 issued in a form as cheap as is compatible with its I 
 size and preservation, and its sale follows as a i 
 matter of course. No library can be called com- 
 plete without It.— Buffalo Med. Journal. 
 
 An attempt to give our readers any adequate idea 
 ol the vast amount of instruction accumulated in 
 these volumes, would be feeble and hopeless The 
 effort of the distinguished author to concentrate 
 m a small space his great fund of knowled<re has 
 
 (CARL), M. D., 
 
 ""^ A v"I%nA\Sr'^ University of Vienna, &c. 
 
 AxMAlUxMY. Four volumes, octavo. 
 
 Translated by W. E. Swaine, Edward Sieve- 
 
 I anem^n'?nf ^'' '«» ^"^ valuable truths, that any 
 
 attempt of a reviewer to epitomize is at once oara- 
 
 lyzed, and must end in a failure-tTe^erria^c™. 
 
 As this rs the highest source of knowledge unon 
 
 'the important subject of which it treats, no rea" 
 student can afford to be without it. The American 
 ?he nro^' have entitled themselves to the thTnks of 
 the profession of their country, for this timeous and 
 ^^^^t^^^U<iition.-Nashviu/ Journal of MeZtne. 
 As a book of reference, therefore, this work must 
 prove of inestimable value, and we cannot too highly 
 
 ^ri^a'.°lon.A^r'""'' '" '"''' Practitioner.- 
 
 RIG8Y (EDWARD), M. D 
 
 ON THE CONSTITOTIoTAt'TREAT'SNr&"?^MALE DISEASES 
 
 In one neat royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth, of about 250 pages SI 00 -t^ifei^Abi^.S. 
 
 ROYLE'S MATERIA MEDICA^ANlTllIERAPEUTir^ • ;. i a- .x. 
 
 Preparations of the Pharmaeopceias of London Fdinh.^^ih n t^ V^ ^ IDcludlDg the 
 
 With many new medicines. Edited by Joseph Carson il'^D^wTth'"^ ""' the United States. 
 In one large octavo volume, extra cloth, of about 700 p^es. $.3 00 '^'"'^^>''*''§^^' illustrations 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 27 
 
 RAMSBOTHAM (FRANCIS H.), M.D. 
 THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF OBSTETRIC MEDICINE AND 
 
 SURGERY, in reference to the Process of Parturition. A nev/ and enlarged edition, tlioroughly 
 revised by the Author. With Additions by W. V. Keating, M. D. In one large and handsome 
 imperial octavo volume, of 650 pages, strongly bound in leather, with raised bands; with sixty- 
 four beautiful Plates, and numerous Wood-cuts in the text, containing in all nearly two hundred 
 large and beautiful figures. $5 00. 
 
 In calling the attention of the profession to the new edition of this standard work, the publishers 
 would remark that no elibrts have been spared to secure for it a continuance and extension of the 
 remarkable favor with which it has been received. The last London issue, which was considera- 
 bly ^ilarged, has received a further revision from the author, especially for this country. Its pas- 
 sage through the press here has been supervisetl by Dr. Keating, who has made numerous addi- 
 tions with a view of presenting more fully whatever was necessary to adapt it thoroughly to 
 American modes of practice. In its mechanical execution, a like superiority over former editions 
 will be found. 
 
 From. Prof. Hodge, of the University of Pa. 
 To the American public, it is most valuable, from its intrinsic undoubted excellence, and as being 
 the best authorized exponent of British Midwifery. Its circulation will, I trust, be extensive throughout 
 our country. 
 
 The publishers have shown their appreciation of [ cine and Surgery to our library, and confidently 
 the merits of this work and secured its success by '■ recommend it to our readers, with the assurance 
 the truly elegant style in which they have brought , that it will not disappoint their most sanguine ex- 
 it out, excelling themselves in its production, espe- | pectations. — Western Lancet. 
 
 eially in its plates. It is dedicated to Prof. Meigs, 
 and has the emphatic endorsement of Prof. Hodge, 
 as the best exponent of British Midwifery. We 
 know of no text-book which deserves in all respects 
 to be more highly recommended to students, and we 
 could wish to see it in the hands of every practitioner, 
 for they will find it invaluable for reference. — Med. 
 Gazette. 
 
 But once in a long time some brilliant genius rears 
 his head above the horizon of science, and illumi- 
 nates and purifies every department that he investi- 
 gates ; and his works become types, by which innu- 
 merable imitators model their feeble productions. 
 Such a genius we find in the younger Ramsbotham, 
 and such a type we find in the work now before us. 
 The binding, paper, type, the engravings and wood- 
 cuts are all so excellent as to make this book one of 
 the finest specimens of the art of printing that have 
 given such a world-wide reputation to its enter- 
 prising and liberal publishers. We welcome Rams- 
 botham's Principles and Practice of Obstetric Medi- 
 
 It is unnecessary to say anything in regard to the 
 utility of this work. It is already appreciated in our 
 country for the value of the matter, the clearness of 
 its style, and the fulness of its illustrations. To the 
 physician's library it is indispensable, while to the 
 student as a text-book, from which to extract the 
 material for laying the foundation of an education on 
 
 obstetrical science, it has no superior Ohio Med. 
 
 and Surg. Journal. 
 
 We will only add that the student will learn from 
 it all he need to know, and the practitioner will find 
 
 it, as a book of reference, surpassed by none other. 
 
 Stethoscope. 
 
 The character and merits of Dr. Ramsbotham's 
 work are so well known and thoroughly established, 
 that comment is unnecessary and praise superfluous. 
 The illustrations, which are numerous and accurate, 
 are executed in the highest style of art. We cannot 
 
 too highly recommend the work to our readers. St. 
 
 Louis Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 SCHOEDLER(FRIEDRICH), PH.D., 
 
 Professor of the Natural Sciences at Worms, &c. 
 
 THE BOOK OF NATURE; an Elementary Introduction to the Sciences of 
 
 Physics, Astronomy, Chemistry, Mineralogy, Geology, Botany, Zoology, and Physiology. First 
 American edition, with a Glossary and other Additions and Improvements; from the second 
 English edition. Translated from the sixth German edition, by Henry Medlock, F. C. S., &c. 
 In one volume, small octavo, extra cloth, pp. 692, with 679 illustrations. $1 80. 
 
 SMITH (HENRY H.), M.D., 
 
 Professor of Surgery in the University of Pennsylvania, &c. 
 
 MINOR SURGERY; or, Hints on the Every-day Duties of the Surgeon. Illus- 
 trated by two hundred and forty-seven illustrations. Third and enlarged edition. In one hand- 
 some royal 12ino. volume, pp. 456. In leather, $2 25; extra cloth, $2 00. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR, AND 
 
 HORNER (WILLIAM E.), M.D., 
 Late Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 AN ANATOMICAL ATLAS, illustrative of the Structure of the Human Body. 
 
 In one volume, large imperial octavo, extra cloth, with about six hundred and fifty beautiful 
 figures. $3 00. 
 
 These figures are well selected, and present a 
 complete and accurate representation of that won- 
 derful fabric, the human body. The plan of this 
 Atlas, which renders it so peculiarly convenient 
 for the student, and its superb artistical execution, 
 have been already pointed out. VVe must congratu- 
 
 late the student upon the completion of this Atlas, 
 as it is the most convenient work of the kind that 
 has yet appeared ; and we must add, the very beau- 
 tiful manner in which it is " got up" is so creditable 
 to the country as to be flattering to our national 
 pride. — American Medical Journal. 
 
 SMITH (W. TYLER), M. D., 
 
 Physician Accoucheur to St. Mary's Hospital, &c. 
 
 ON PARTURITION, AND THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF 
 
 OBSTETRICS. In one royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth, of 400 pages. $125. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT 
 
 OF LEUCORRHOi^A. With numerous illustrations. In oue very handsome octavo volume 
 extra cloth, of about 250 pages. $1 50. 
 
28 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 SHARPEY (WILLIAM), M.D., JONES QUAIN, M.D., AND 
 
 RICHARD QUAIN, F. R. S., &c. 
 
 HUMAN ANATOMY. Revised, with Notes and Additions, by Joseph Leidt, 
 
 M. D., Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. Complete in tvsro large octavo 
 
 volumes, leather, of about thirteen hundred pages. Beautifully illustrated with over five hundred 
 
 engravings on wood. $6 00. 
 
 We have no hesitation in recommending this trea- I perhaps, in any language, which brings the state 
 tise on anatomy as the most complete on that sub- of knowledge forward to the most recent disco- 
 ject in the English language; and the only one, \ veriea.— The Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 SARGENT (F. W.), M. D. 
 
 ON BANDAama and other operations of minor surgery. 
 
 Second edition, enlarged. One handsome royal 12mo. vol., of nearly 400 pages, with 182 wood- 
 cuts. Extra cloth, $1 40; leather, $1 50. 
 
 Sargent's Minor Surgery has always been popular, 
 and deservedly so. It furnishes that knowledge of the 
 most frequently requisite performances of surgical 
 art which cannot be entirely understood by attend- 
 ing clinical lectures. The art of bandaging, which 
 is regularly taught in Europe, is very frequently 
 overlooked by teachers in this country; the student 
 and junior practitioner, therefore, may often require 
 that knowledge which this little volume so tersely 
 and happily supplies. — Charleston Med. Journ. and 
 Review, March, 1856. 
 
 A work that has been bo long and favorably known 
 to the profession as Dr. Sargent's Minor Surgery, 
 needs no commendation from us. We would remark, 
 however, in this connection, that minor surgery sel- 
 dom gets that attention in our schools that its im- 
 portance deserves. Our larger works are also very 
 defective in their teaching on these small practical 
 points. This little book will supply the void which 
 all must feel who have not studied its pages. — West- 
 ern Lancet, March, 1856. 
 
 SKEY'S OPERATIVE SURGERY. In one very 
 handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of over 650 
 pages, with about one hundred wood-cuts. $3 25. 
 
 STANLEY'S TREATISE ON DISEASES OF 
 THE BONES . In one volume, octavo, extra cloth, 
 286 pages. SI 50. 
 
 SOLLY ON THE HUMAN BRAIN; its Structure, 
 Pliysiology, and Diseases. From the Second and 
 
 much enlarged London edition. In one octavo 
 volume, extra cloth, of 500 pages, with 120 wood- 
 cuts. $2 00. 
 
 SIMON'S GENERAL PATHOLOGY, as conduc- 
 ive to the Establishment of Rational Principles 
 for the prevention and Cure of Disease. In one 
 neat octavo volume, extra cloth, of 212 pages. 
 $1 25. 
 
 TANNER (T. HJ, M . D., 
 
 Physician to the Hospital for Women, &c. 
 
 A MANUAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS. 
 
 To which is added The Code of Ethics of the American JVIedical Association. Second 
 
 American Edition. In one neat volume, small r2mo., extra cloth, 87j cents. 
 
 The work is an honor to its writer, and must ob- I tioners, it has only to be seen, to win for itself a 
 
 tain a wide circulation by its intrinsic merit alone, place upon the shelves of every medical library. 
 
 Suited alike to the \>i-nts of students and practi- j — Boston Med and Surg. Journal. 
 
 Now Com'plete. 
 
 TODD (ROBERT BENTLEY), M. D., F. R. S., 
 
 Professor of Physiology in King's College, London; and 
 
 WILLIAM BOWMAN, F. R. S., 
 Demonstrator of Anatomy in King's College, London. 
 
 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF MAN. With 
 
 about three hundred large and beautiful illustrations on wood. Complete in one large octavo 
 
 volume, of 950 pages, leather. Price $4 50. 
 
 ^W Gentlemen who have received portions of this work, as published in the '< Medical News 
 AND Library," can now complete their copies, if immediate application be made. It will be fur- 
 nished as follows, free by mail, in paper covers, with cloth backs. 
 
 Parts I., II., III. (pp. 25 to 5-52), $2 50. 
 
 Part IV. (pp. 553 to end, with Title, Preface, Contents, &c.), $2 00. 
 
 Or, Part IV., Section II. (pp. 725 to end, with Title, Preface, Contents, &c.), $1 25. 
 
 A magnificent contribution to British medicine, 
 and theAmerican physician who shall fail to peruse 
 it, will have failed to read one of the most instruc- 
 tive books of the nineteenth century. — N. O. Med 
 and Surg. Journal, Sept. 1857. 
 
 It is more concise than Carpenter's Principles, and 
 more modern than the accessible edition of Muller'e 
 Elements; its details are brief, but sufficiert; its 
 descriptions vivid ; its illustrations exact and copi- 
 ous ; and its language terse and perspicuous — 
 Charleston Med. Journal, July, 1857. 
 
 We know of nc work on the subject of physiology 
 so well adapted to the wants of the medical student. 
 Its completion has been thus long delayed, that the 
 authors might secure accuracy by personal observa- 
 tion. — St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journal, Sept. '57. 
 
 One of the very best books ever issued from any 
 medical press. We think it indispensable to every 
 reading medical man, and it may, with all propriety, 
 and with the utmost advantage be macea text-book 
 by any student who would thoroughly comprehend 
 the groundwork of medicine. — N. O. Med. News, 
 June, 1857. 
 
 Our notice, though it conveys but a very feeble 
 and imperfect idea of the magnitude and importance 
 of the work no'iv under consideration, already tran- 
 scends our limits ; and, with the indulgmce of our 
 readers, and the hope that they will peruse the book 
 for themselves, as we feel we can with confidence 
 recommend it, we leave it in their hands for them 
 to judge of Its merits. — The Northwestern Med. and 
 Surg. Journal, Oct. 1857. 
 
 TODD (R. B.), M. D., F. R. S., &.c. 
 CLINICAL LECTURES ON CERTAIN DISEASES OF THE URINARY 
 
 ORGANS AND ON DROPSIES. In one octavo volume. {Just Issued, 1857.) $1 50. 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 TAYLOR (ALFRED S.), M. D., F. R. S., 
 
 Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence and Chemistry in Guy's Hospital. 
 
 MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE. Fourth American Edition. With Notes and 
 
 References to American Decisions, by Edward Haktshorne, M. D. In one large octavo volume, 
 
 leather, of over seven hundred pages. $3 00. 
 
 This standard work has lately received a very thorough revision at the hands of the author, who 
 has introduced whatever was necessary to render it complete and satisfactory in carrying out the 
 objects in view. Tne editor has likewise used every exertion to make it equally thorouo-h with 
 regard to ail matters relating to the practice of this country. In doing this, he has carefully ex- 
 amined all that has appeared on the subject since the publication of the last edition, and has incorpo- 
 rated all the new information thus presented. The work has thus been considerably increased lu 
 size, notwithstanding which, it has been kept at its former very moderate price, and in every respect 
 it will be found worthy of a continuance of the remarkable favor which has carried it throuo-h so 
 many editions on both sides of the Atlantic. A few notices of the former editions are appended. 
 
 We know of no work on Medical Jurisprudence 
 which contains in the same space anything like the 
 same amount of valuable matter. — JV. Y. Journal of 
 Medicine. 
 
 No work upon the subject can be put into the 
 hands of students either of law or medicine which 
 will engage them more closely or profitably; and 
 none could be offered to the busy practitioner of 
 either calling, for the purpose of casual or hasty 
 reference, that would be more likely to afford the aid 
 desired. We therefore recommend it as the best and 
 safest manual for daily use. — American Journal oj 
 Medical Sciences. 
 
 This work of Dr. Taylor's is generally acknow- 
 ledged to be one of the ablest extant on the subject 
 of medical jurisprudence. It is certainly one of the 
 most attractive books that we have met with ; sup- 
 plying so much both to interest and instruct, that 
 
 we do not hesitate to afRrm that after havino- once 
 commenced its perusal, few could be prevailed upon 
 to desist before completing it. In the last London 
 edition, all the newly observed and accurately re- 
 corded facts have been inserted, including much that 
 is recent of Chemical, Microscopical, and Patholo- 
 gical research, besides papers on numerous subjects 
 never before published.-CAaWesioji Medical Journal 
 and Review. 
 
 It is not excess of praise to say that the volume 
 before us is the very best treatise extant on Medical 
 Jurisprudence. In saying this, we do not wish to 
 be understood as detracting from the merits of the 
 excellent works of Beck, Ryan, Traill, Guy, and 
 others; but in interest and value we tliink it must 
 be conceded that Taylor is superior to anything that 
 has preceded it.— iV. W. Medical and Surg. Journal. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. [Nearly Ready.} 
 
 ON POISONS, IN RELATION TO MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE AND 
 
 MEDICINE. Second American, from a second and revised London edition. In one large 
 octavo volume. 
 
 The length of time which has elapsed since the first appearance of this work, has wrought so 
 great a change in the subject, as to require a very tjiorough revision to adapt the volume to the 
 present wants of the profession. The rapid advance of Chemistry has introduced into u>e many 
 new substances which may become fatal through accident, carelessness, or design — while at the 
 same time it has likewise designated new and more exact modes of counteracting or detecting those 
 previously treated of. Mr. Taylor's position as the leading medical jurist of England, has during 
 this period conferred on him extraordinary advantages in acquiring experience in all that relates to 
 this department, nearly all cases of moment being referred to him for examination, as an expert 
 whose testimony is generally accepted as final. The results of his labors, therefore, as gathered 
 together in this volume, carefully weighed and sifted, and presented in the clear and intelligible 
 style for which he is noted, may be received as an acknowledged authority, and as a guide To be 
 followed with implicit confidence. 
 
 WILSON (MARRIS), M, D. 
 ON DISEASES OP THE VESICULJE SEMINALES. 
 
 page ly. 
 
 See "Lallemand," 
 
 WILLIAMS (C. J, B.), M.D., F. R. S., 
 
 Professor of Clinical Medicine in University College, London, &c. 
 
 PRINCIPLES OF MEDICINE. An Eleraentaiy View of the Causes, Nature, 
 
 Treatment, Diagnosis, and Prognosis of Disease; with brief remarks on Hygienics, or the pre- 
 servation of health. A new American, from the third and revised London edition. In one octavo 
 volume, leather, of about 500 pages, f 2 50. {Just Issued.) 
 
 The very recent and thorough revision which this work has enjoyed at the hands of the author 
 has brought it so completely up to the present state of the subject that in reproducing it no additions 
 have been found necessary. The success which the work has heretofore met shows that its im- 
 portance has been appreciated, and in its present form it will be found eminently worthy a continu- 
 ance of the same favor, possessing as it does the strongest claims to the attention of the medical 
 student and practitioner, from the admirable manner in which the various inquiries in the dilferent 
 branches of pathology are investigated, combined and generalized by an experienced practical phy- 
 sician, and directly applied to the investigation and treatment of disease. 
 We find that the deeply-interesting matter and 
 
 style of this book have so far fascinated us, that we 
 have unconsciously hung upon its pages, not too 
 long, indeed, for our own profit, but longer than re- 
 viewers can be permitted to indulge. We leave the 
 further analysis to the student and practitioner. Our 
 judgment of the work has already been sufficiently 
 expressed. It is a judgment of almost unqualified 
 praise. The work is not of a controversial, but of 
 a didactic character; and as such we hail it, and 
 
 recommend it for a text-book, guide, and constant 
 eumpanion to every practitioner and every student 
 who wishes to extricate himself from the well-worn 
 ruts of empiricism, and to base his practice of medi- 
 cine upon principles.— Lonrfora Lancet. 
 
 A text-book to which no other in our language is 
 comparable.— C/iarZe5«on Medical Journal. 
 
 No work has ever achieved or maintained a more 
 deserved reputation.- Fa. Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 WHITEHEAD ON THE CAUSES AND TREAT- 
 MENT OF ABORTION AND STERILITY. 
 
 Second American Edition. In one volume, octa- 
 vo, extra cloth, pp 308. f 1 75. 
 
30 BLANCHARDaz; LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 Ne-w and much enlarged edition — (No-w Ready, Oct. 1858.) 
 
 WATSON (THOMAS), M. D., fitc. 
 
 Late Physician to tlie Middlesex Elospital, &c. 
 
 LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF PHYSIC. 
 
 Delivered at King's College, London. A new American, from the las^t revised and enlarged 
 English edition, with Additions, by D. Francis Condie, M. U., author of "A Practical Treatise 
 on the Diseases of Children," &c. With one hundred and eighty. five illustrations on wood. In 
 one very large and handsome volume, imperial octavo, of over 1200 closely printed pages in 
 small type ; the whole strongly bound in leather, with raised bands. Price $4 25. 
 The publishers feel that they are rendering a service to the American profession in presenting at 
 so very moderate a price this vast body of sound practical information. Whether as a guide for 
 the student entering on a course of instruction, or as a book of reference for daily consultation by 
 the practitioner, " Watson's Practice" has long been regarded as second to none; the soundness 
 and fulness of its teachings, the breadth and liberality of its views, and the easy and flowing style 
 ill which it is written having won for it the position of a general favorite. That this high reputa- 
 tion might be fully maintained, the author has subjected it to a thorough revision ; every portion 
 has been examined with the aid of the most recent researches in pathology, and the results of 
 modern investigations in both theoretical and practical subjects have been carefully weighed and 
 embodied throughout its pages. The watchful scrutiny of the editor has likewise introduced 
 whatever possesses immediate importance to the American physician in relation to diseases inci- 
 dent to our climate which are little known in England, as well as those points in which experience 
 here has led to different modes of practice ; and he has also added largely to the series of illustra- 
 tions, believing that in this manner valuable assistance may be conveyed to the student in elucidat- 
 ing the text. The work will, therefore, be found thoroughly on a level with the most advanced 
 state of medical science on both sides of the Atlantic. 
 
 The additions which the work has received are shown by the fact that notwithstanding an en- 
 largement in the size of the page, more than two hundred additional pages have been necessary 
 to accommodate the two large volumes of the London edition (which sells at ten dollars), within 
 the compass of a single volume, and in its present form it contains the matter of at least three 
 ordinary octavos. Believing it to be a work whicli should lie on the table of every physician, and 
 be in the hands of every student, the publishers have put it at a price within the reach of all, making 
 it one of the cheapest books as yet presented to the American profession, while at the same time 
 the beauty of its mechanical execution renders it an exceedingly attractive volume. 
 
 It would appear almost superfluous to adduce commendatory notices of a work which has so 
 long been established in the position of a standard authority as "Watson's Practice." A few ex- 
 tracts are, however, subjoined from reviews of the new and improved edition. 
 
 The fourth edition now appears, so carefully re- [ Tne lecturer's skill, his wisdom, his learning, are 
 vised, as to add considerably to the value of a book equalled by the ease of his graceful diction, his elo- 
 already acknowledged, wherever the English Ian- ! quence, and the far higher qualities of candor, of 
 guage is read, to be beyond all comparison the best courtesy, of modesty, and of generous appreciation 
 systematic work on the Principles and Practice of of merit in others. May he long remain to instruct 
 Physic in the whole range of medical literature. | us, and to enjoy, in the glorious sunset of his de- 
 Every lecture contains proof of the extreme anxiety I dining years, the honors, the confidence and love 
 of the author to keep pace with 'he advancing know- I gained during his useful life. — N. A. Med-Chir. 
 ledge of the day, and to bring the results of the | Review, July, 1S5S. 
 
 labors, not only of physicians, l)ut of chemists and i „. ^ . • ,, j i_ , , , 
 
 histoU-gists, before his readers, wherever they can! Watson's unrivalled, perhaps unapproachable 
 
 be turned to useful account. And this is done with 
 such a cordial appreciation of the merit due to the 
 industrious observer, such a generous desire to en- 
 courage younger and rising men, and such a candid 
 acknowledgment of his own obligations to them, 
 that one scarcely knows whetlier to admire most the 
 pure, simple, forcible English — the vast amount of 
 useful practical information condensed into the 
 Lectures — or the manly, kind-hearted, unassuming 
 character of the lecturer shining through his work. 
 — London Med. Times and Gazette, Oct. 31, 1857. 
 
 Thus these admirable volumes come before the 
 profession in their fourth edition, abounding in those 
 distinguished attributes of moderation, judgment, 
 erudite cultivation, clearness, and eloquence, with 
 which they were from the first invested, but yet 
 richer than before in the results of more prolonged 
 observation, and in the able appreciation of the 
 latest advances in pathology and medicine by one 
 of the most profound medical thinkers of the day. — 
 London Lancet, Nov. 14, 1857. 
 
 work on Practice — the copious addiuons made to 
 which (the fourth edition) have given it all the no- 
 velty and much of the interest of a new book. — 
 Charleston Med. Journal, July, 1858. 
 
 Lecturers, practitioners, and students of medicine 
 will equally hail the reappearance of the work of 
 Dr. Watson in the form of a new — a fourth— edition. 
 AVe merely do justice to our own feelings, and, we 
 are sure, of the whole profession, if we thank him 
 for having, in the trouble and turmoil of a large 
 practice, made leisure to supply the hiatus caused 
 by the exhaustion of the puhlisher's stock of the 
 tliird edition, which has been severely felt for the 
 last three years. For Dr. Watson has not merely 
 caused the lectures to be reprinted, but scattered 
 through the whole work we find additions or altera- 
 tions which prove that the author has in every way 
 sought to bring up his teaching to the level of the 
 most recent acquisitions in science. — Brit, and For. 
 Medico-Ckir. Review, Jan. 1858. 
 
 WHAT TO OBSERVE 
 AT THE BEDSIDE AND AFTER DEATH, IN MEDICAL CASES. 
 
 Published under the authority of the London Society for Medical Observation. Anew American, 
 
 from the second and revised London edition. In one very handsome volume, royal 12mo., extra 
 
 cloth. $1 00. 
 
 To the observer who prefers accuracy to blunders I One of the finest aids to a young practitioner we 
 and precision to carelessness, this little book is in- have ever seen. — Peninsular Journal of Medicint. 
 valuable. — N. H. Journal of Medicine. I 
 
 WILDE (W, R.), 
 
 Surgeon to St. Mark's Ophthalmic and Aural Hospital, Dublin. 
 
 AURAL SURGERY, AND THE NATURE AND TREATMENT OF DIS- 
 EASES OF THE EAR. Inj)ne handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of 476 pages, with 
 illustrations. f2 80. j Q^^~^ 
 
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 
 
 This book is due on the date indicated below, or -^^ '' 
 "tion of a dp^-M*-- - ^i^^ -'''-'^^ <-^ 
 

 
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