/ 3 W| f~ o ^ ov ^ Ms^i^ JzC——.. ■* ^ OTI#-' 9 Methodist Episcopal 'Church. It is denorni- national in the sense that it is controlled by $ the Church and represents its sentiments and f| doctrines, but is liberal in inviting any who $ are in sympathy with those sentiments to join ^ its ranks'for 1 mutual improvement and helpful- ness in divine things. -The Epworth League i«> was organized May 15, 1889, at Cleveland, Ohio, U. S. A., by delegates from several different societies in existence in our Church || prior to that time. The word “ League ” was W chosen because ot this union, and “ Epworth ” ^ was prefixed as recalling so many memories g> oE Epworth Rectory, ^England, the childhood home of John Wesley, the founder of Method- || ism. There are now Chapters of the League in all the principal countries of the world and || the membership numbers over 1,000,000. b* The Junior Epworth League is a similar organization for boys and girls. CONSTITUTION' » FOR LOCAL CHAPTER OF THE EPWORTH LEAGUE. A's revised by the Board of Control, at Cleveland, 1892 . Article I. Name— This organization shall be known as the Epworth League of the-Methodist Episco¬ pal Church of-, and shall be subordinate to the Quarterly Conference of said Church, and a Chapter of the Epworth League of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Article II. Object —The object of the League is to promote intelligent and : vital piety in the young members and friends of the Church;'to aid them in the attainment of purity of heart and im constant growth in grace, and to train them in works of mercy and help. Article III. Membership. — 1. Members shall be constituted by election of the Chapter, on nomination of the President, after approval by the Cabinet. 2. The Pastor shall be ex-officio a member of the Chapter and the Cabinet .* Article IV. Departments.' —The work of the Lea¬ gue shall be carried out through six departments, as fol¬ lows. 1. Department of Spiritual Work. 2. Department * Wherever a Chapter so decides, there shall be two classes of members, active and associate. Active members shall, in addition to. election,.as provided in section 1, subscribe to the following ( 6 ') of Mercy and Help. 3. Department of Literary Work. 4. Department of Social Work. 5. Department of ‘Correspondence. 6, Department of Finance. The distribution of work under each department shall be as follows : I. Department of Spiritual Work .—This depart¬ ment shall arrange for the regular prayer-meetings of the Chapter. It may also plan special revival meet¬ ings, and neighbourhood out-door and cottage services, and the like. It shall look after the spiritual welfare of the members of the Chapter, inviting those who are interested to join the classes of the Church. It may conduct children’s prayer-meetings, or devotional meetings for special classes of persons, as sailors, rail¬ road men, etc. It shall help the Superintendent in building up and strengthening the Sunday-school. It shall also endeavor to interest the young people in the missionary enterprises of the Church. To it shall be committed all the evangelistic and devotion¬ al activities of the Chapter. Where the work of the League is so divided that the different departments interweave their efforts, the department of Spiritual AVork shall arrange for the devotional services in sociables, lectures, and all such meetings. II. Department of Mercy and Help .— This depart- pledge : “ I will earnestly seek for myself, and do what I can to help others attain, the highest New Testament standard ot experience and life. I will abstain from all those forms of worldly amusements forbidden by the discipline of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and I will attend, so far as possible, the reli¬ gious meetings of the Chapter and the Church, and take some active part in them.” In such cases, active members only shall be eligible to election as officers of the Chapter. Associate members shall be entitled to all other privileges.of membership. ( -S' -) ment shall arrange for the systematic visitation of the members of the Chapter, the sick of the neighborhood, the aged, and newcomers to the community. It shall interest the League In the charities of the place, and plan to give aid when needed. It shall have charge of temperance work, social purity work,-traet distribution, and the like. AH kinds of charitable work, when undertaken by the Chapter—such as visiting hospitals, nursing, distributing £owers,starting industrial schools, running employment bureaus, coffee-houses, day- nurseries, etc.—shall be under its care. III. Department of Literary Work .—It shall fee the aim of this department to encourage the study of the Scriptures, to instruct the membership of the Ghapter in the doctrines, polity, history, and present activities of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the other denominations of the Church universal, and to give stimulus and direction to general Christian culture. -It shall have charge of all courses of reading and study pursued by the Chapter. It may open, wherever practicable, libraries, reading-rooms, art-rooms, night-schools, ancltthe like. It shall arrange for lectures and literary gatherings, when members of the Chapter and others shall present essays, papers, talks, debates, etc. .It shall end.eavor to extend the circulation of the books and papers of the, Church, and do what it canto quicken the intellectual life of its members and the , community. 1Y. Department of Social Work .—This department shall be on the outlook for new members, and be ready to receive them and introduce them at all meetings of the Chapter. It shall have charge of the social part of all .gatherings. The music of the Chapter and its enter- ( 8 ) 'cainment?, other than the literary programmes, shall be under its care. It may provide flowers for the pulpit, ushers when needed, and attend to procuring badges, emblems, banners, decorations, etc., and be the custo¬ dian of all such effects belonging to the Chapter. Pic¬ nics, excursions; and the like shall be under its care. V. Department of Correspondence .—This depart¬ ment shall keep a complete record of the membership, of all the meetings, and of all courses of reading and study pursued by the Chapter. It is desirable that it send reports of its meetings to local papers. Also, that it keep copies of all programmes, newspapers and other notices of its affairs, and all memorabilia relating to- it doings. It may carry on correspondence with ab¬ sent members and other Chapters, and read the replies at the meetings of the Chapter, as the Chapter may order. It shall conduct all correspondence with the central and district offices, and be the custodian of all 1 the records of the Chapter. By it, members in good stand¬ ing shall be recommended to other Chapters. VI. Department' of> Finance .—This- department shall present to the Chapter plans for meeting th$ finan¬ cial needs of the Chapter/ It shall collect'all dues and receive all moneys, disbursing the same as the Chapter may direct. All matters involving an expenditure of money shall be referred to it for consideration before - the final action of the Chapter. Article V. Officers. —1. The officers shall be a* President, First Vice-President, Second Vice-President, Third Vice-President, Fourth Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer. 2. The President, who shall be a member of the * Methodist Episcopal Church, shall be elected by. ballot' ( 9 ) on a majority vote. The other officers, who shall be' members of the Methodist Episcopal, or some other evangelical Church,* shall be elected in the same man« ner. 3. All officers must be approved by the Quarterly Conferences of the Official Board. 4. After approval by the Quarterly Conference of Official Board, the names of the officers, with their ad¬ dresses, shall be promptly forwarded to the central office of the Epworth League. 5. The officers shall perform the duties usually assigned to such officers. They shall also in the order named, beginning with the First Vice-President, re¬ present and liave charge of the Departments of Spiritual. Work, Mercy and Help, Literary Work, Social Work Correspondence, and Finance. They shall, together with the President and Pastor, constitute, the Cabinet of the Chapter, aiding the President as he may request. 6. For the purpose of enlisting all in the work, and rendering-’it 1 more effective, the Cabinet shall assign- each member to at least one department of work. Each Cabinet officer shall name to the Chapter a committee of fromdhree to five members, for the management of his department, the officer being ex -officio chairman. 7. It shall be the duty of the Cabinet to organize a Junior League, under the control of a superintendent, to be appointed by the pastor. The superintendent shall be a member, ex-ojjlcio , of the Cabinet. Article Yl. Meetings.— The Chapter shall hold a- devotional meeting on--evening of each week,, *In all those cases where the Chapter is divided into active and associate members, this clause should read, “who shallbe active members.” ( 10 >) to be leii by one of the members of the Chapter, under thedirection of the Committee on Spiritual Work. Other meetings shall be held as the Cabinet may arrange for them. Article VII. By-Laws and Amendments —The Chapter may adopt such By-laws consistent with the Constitution, as may be needed. Amendments to Con¬ stitution or By-Laws must be submitted in writing to the Cabinet and when approved by it, may be ad )pted by a two-thirds vote of those present at any regular- meeting. EPWORTH LEAGUE PRAYER MEETING TOPICS FOR 1896 These topics ■will be used by the Epworth League of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and the Methodist Church of Canada, as well as our own League. Topic for January—C hrist in Prayer. January 5. (Rally Sunday.) A Resolution and a Prayer—First Clause Epworth League Pledge. Eph. 4. 13.. January 12. The Alphabet of Prayer. Matt. 6. 5-13 ; Luke 11. 1-4. January 1 9. Persistence in Prayer. Luke 11. 5-13 ; 18. 1-7. January 26. The intercessory Prayer. John 17. (Day of Prayer for Colleges.) Topic for February— Christ’s Ways of Soul-Winning February 2. By Personal Work. John 3. 1-3 ; Matt. 19. 16; John 4 ; 1-30 ; Luke 19. 5. February 9. By Works of Mercy and Help. Mark 3. 1-5; Luke 17. 1-19; John 5. 1-8 ; 13. 2-9. February 16. By Ilis Teaching. Matt. 5. 1, 2; 13. 1-3; Mark 10. 13-16 ; Luke 10. 29-36. February 23. By His Death. John 10. 11; 3.14-16; 12. 32; Luke 23. 33-35 Topic for March —Christ in Temptation. March 1. The Time and Sources oi Temptation. Mark 1. 12; Matt. 4. 1-11. ( 12 ) March 8. The Preparation for Temptation, and How to meet It- Matt. 4. 4, 7, 10; 26. 41; Mark I. 9-11; March 15. The First Temptation. Matt. 4. 2-4 ; Gal. 5. 19-21! (Tem*- peranoe Lesson suggested.) March 22. The Temptation to Presumption. Matt. 4s 5-7 ; 10. 16 Mark 14. 29-31. March 29. Temptation to Success by unlawful Means. Matt. 4. 8-10 ; 2 Tim. 2. 5. Topic fop- April— Christ and the Scriptures. Aprils. (Rally Sunday.) Christ as a Bible Student. (For the Third Department; Matt. 13. 3-8 ; Luke 4. 17-27; Or (Easter 1 , “The Angel’ Commission to the women.” Mark 16; 7> 8. 8 April 12. The Scriptures as a defense. Matt. 14. 4, 7, 10 ; 15. 1-9 ; Luke 23. 46. April 19. The Scriptures as a Source of Inspiration. Matt. 12.3, 4 41. 42; Heb. 11. April 26.' The Guide Divine. Luke 10. 25-28; John £T. 39 ; Matt, 11. 9 14. Topic for May—C hrist in Social Relations. (For the Department of Social Work.) May 3. Christ in the home. Luke 2. 40,- 51, 52; Mhrk 6. 4 10. 13-16. May 10. Christ as a Guest. John 2. 1,2'; Luke 7. 44-48'; 19.5-7; John 12. 1-3. JJay 17. (Anniversary Sunday.) Christ as Host. John 6. 5-12; 13. 4-12 ; Luke 22. 8-15; 14. 12-14. May 24. Lessons in Social Liberty. Matt. 11. 18, 19 ; Luke 15» L4. ( 13 ) May 31. The Second Clause of the Epworth League Pledge. Eccles. 5. 4, 5 ; John 2. 1, 2; 15.11; Matt. 7. 21. John 17. 4; Gal. 5. 16 ; i Cor. 8. 13. Topic for Juke—C hrist and the Church. June 7. His Membership in the Jewish Church. Luke 2. 21, 22, 41, 42, 49 ; Matt. 3. 13, 16. -June 14. Recognition of the Church, and Attendance on the Syna¬ gogue and Temple. Luke 4. 16; Matt. 8. 4; 9. 35 ,• Mark 3. i ; Luke 22. 53 ; Mark. 12. 41 ; John 8. 12; Matt. 21; 15. • June 21. His Protest at Church Abuses. Matt. 21. 12, 13. Mark 7. 1-13 ; Luke 6. 1-11. June 28. Founded a New Church. Matt. 16. 18, 19; Luke 22. 19 20 ; 24. 46-48 ; Matt. 2S. 18-20. Topic for July— The Disciples of Our Lord. July 5. (Rally Sunday.) Citizenship and Discipleship in the Kingdom of Heaven. Matt. 16, 24. 25.; Mark 8. 34-38. July 12. The Call of the Disciples. Matt. 9. 9-13; Mark 1. 16-20 ; Luke 5. 1-11 ; John 1. 29-51. July 19. The Groups and Characteristics of the Twelve. Matt. 10 1-4; Mark 3, 13-19; Luke 6. 12-14: Act 1. 13. July 26. The Tribulations and Encouragements of Disciples. Matt. 10. 40-42 ; Luke 22. 30 ; John 15. 18-27. Topic for August.—T he Reproofs of Christ. August 2. To Peter the Impulsive. Matt. 6. 23 ; Luke 22. 34, 61. August 9. To Martha the Troubled. Luke 10. 38-42. August 16. To Judas the Betrayer. Matt. 26. 25, 50 John 12, 7, 8„ ( n ) August 23. To Thomas the Doubter. John 20. 24-28. August 30. The Rebukes to the Scribe3, Pharisees, and Lawyers. Luke 11. 42-54. Topic for September. —The Enemies of Christ. September 6. The Enemies Through Passion and Appetite. Matt. 8. 28- 29 ; 26 67, 74; 27. 28-31 ; Luke 15. 13. (Temper, ance Lesson.) September 13. Enemies Through Greed of Gain. Matt. 8. 34 : 27. 3-5 ; Mark 10. 21 ; Luke 12. 15. Septeynber 20. Enemies Because of Bigotry. Luke 11. 15, 38 ; 13. 14-16; John 9. 15-17. September 27. Enemies by Indifference. Luke 14. 16-20; 23. 12; John 7. 3-5. Topic for October. —The Friends of Christ. October 4. (Rally Sunday.) The Outer Circle. John 2. 23 ; 7. 31; 8, 30, 31 ; Luke 22. 54, 55. October 11. The Circle of Duty. Matt. 10. 34 ; Mark 4. 50 ; John 19. 38. October 18. The Inner Circle of Duty and Love. Matt. 17. 1 ; 26. 37 John 18. 15. October 25. The Inmost Circle. John 13. 23-25 ; Mark 14. 1-9. Topic for November.—C hrist’s Testimonies. November 1. To Himself. Luke 4. 18-22 ; 23. 3 ; Matt. 26. 63, 64. Noveviber 8. To His Father. John 5. 30. 37, 43 ; 3. 35. November 15. To the Holy Spirit. John 14. 16, 26 ; 16. 7, 13. ( 15 ) November 22. , To His Disciples. John 14. 14; 20. 21. A ovember 29. The Benediction of Testimony and Thanksgiving. Luke 12v 8, 9. Topic for December. —The Indwelling Christ. December 6. The Third Person in Every Friendship. Luke 24. 13-15. December 13. . Present Still in the Sacrament. Luke 22. 17-20. December 20. Present by the Holy Spirit. John 16. 14. December 27. The Ever-present Christ. Matt. 28. 20; Acts 1. 11 ; He b 13. 8. (The topics for the last six months are subject to change. PRAYER MEETING TOPICS FOR EPWORTH LEAGUE JUNIORS, 1896- First Quarter. —Some Bible Children, and How They Grew Up. “ Even a child is known by his doings, whether his work be pure, and whether it be right.”—Prov. 20. 11. January 5. Ishmael, the Son of Hagar. Gen. 21. 14-20. January 12. Isaac, the Obedient Son. Gen. 22. 1-14. January 19. Joseph, Who Was Sold into Egypt. Gan. 38. 1-30. January 26. Benjamin, the Youngest Child in a Large Family. Geii. 44. 18-34. February 2. Moses and Miriam. Exod. 1. 22; 2. 3-10. February 9. Samuel, to Whom the Lord Spoke. I. Sam. 3. 1-21. February 16. David. Who Slew Goliath. 1. Sara. 16. 11-13 ; 17. 12-51. February 23. The Son of the Widow of Zarephath, whom Elijah Gave Back to Hia Mother. 1 Kings 17. 10-25. ( 1G ) March 1. The Shunammite’s Son, Whom Elisha Restored to Life. 2 Kings 4. 18-37. March 8 . The Little Maid of Naaman's Wife. 2 Kings 5. 2, 3. (Missionary.) March 15. Josiah, the Boy King. 2 Kings 22. I, 2 (3-20). March 22. The Four Hebrew Children Who Refused to Eat of the King’s Meat. Dan. 1. 3-21. (Temperance.) March 29. The Child Jesus. Luke 11. 40-52. Second Quarter—S ome Bible Words to Be Memorized. “And that from a child thou hast known the holy Scrip¬ tures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation ■> through faith which is in Jesus.”—2 Tim. 3-15. April 5. Psalm 1. 1-3. It Pays to be Good. April 12. Psalm 1. 4-6. It is dangerous to Sin. April 19. Psalm 8. 1-4. God’s Glory in His Works. April 26. Psalm 8. 5-9. God’s Glory in His Love to Man. May 3. Psalm 15, 1-3. A Citizen of Zion. May 10. Psalm 15. 4-5. A Citizen of Zion. May 17- Psalm 19. 1-6. The Heavens which God Made. May 24. Psalm 19. 7-11. The Word which God Gave. May 31. Psalm 19. 12-14. Prayer for every body. June 7. Psalm 23. 1-6. The Shepherd Psalm. (Juns 14. Psalm27. 1-3. God on Our Side. June 21. .Psalm 27. 4-10. Reason for Serving God. ( 17 ) June 25. Psalm 27. 11-14. Trust in the Lord. Third Quarter—S ome Bible* Places, and Why .Remembered. “ The eyes of the Lord are in every place, beholding the •evil and the good.”—Prov. 15-3. July 5. Mount Ararat, Where the Ark of Noah Rested. Gen. 8. 4, 20 - 22 . July 12. Hebron, Where the Patriarchs Were Bui >d Gen. 13. 18 23. 2 ; Josh. 14. 13. 'July 19. Bethel, Where Jacob Saw the Ladder. Gus. 28. 10-22. July 26. The Red Sea, Which th® Children of Israel Crossed. £;.od. 14. 14-31. August 2 . Mount Sinai, Where the Commandments were Giv n. Exod. 19 and 20. August 9. Mount Hot, Where Aaron Died. Nure. 20. 25-29. August 18. Mount Xebo, Where Moses Died. Deut. 34. August 23. River Jordon, Crossed by the Children of Israel. Josh, 3. 14; 4. 1-18. August 30. Jericho. Where the Wallfl t'*li Down. Josh. 6. 1-25. September 6 . Mount Ebal and Mount Gemini, the Mountains of Bless¬ ing and Cursing. Dent. 27. 11-13; Josh. 8. 30-35. September 13. Gaza, Where Samson Slew the Philistines. Judg. 16. 21-31 September 20 . Mount Gilboa, Where Saul was Slain. 1 Sam. 31. September 27. Jerusalem, Where the Temple was Built and Christ was Crucified. 1 Kings 5. 11, S8 ; 8. 11; Luke 23. 33. ( is ) Fourth Quarter— Some Hymns, and Who Wrote Them. (Junior Hymnal.) “ It is a good thing to give thanks unto the Lord, and to sing praises unto thy name, 0 Most High.”—Psalm 92. 1. October 4. No. 98, “ I Think When I Head that Street Sto?-y of Old." Mark 10. 14-10. Memorize verses 1, 2, and name of tune and author. October 11. No. 98, “In that Beautiful Place He Has Clone to Prepare.” John 14-2. Memorize verses 3, 4. October 18. No. 121. “ 1 Love Thy Kingdom, Lord ” Psalm 26. 8. Memorize verses 1, 2, and name of tune and author. October 25. Xo. 121, “ For Her My Tears Shall Fall. ” Psalm 137.6. Memorize verses 3-5. November 1. Xo. 130,“ A Charge to Keep I Have." Matt. 13. 34. Memo¬ rize verses 1, 2, and name of tune and author. Xoeember 8- Xo. 80. “ Arm Me with Jealous Care.” Pom. 14. 12. Memorize verses 3,4. Xovembtr 15. No. 19, “ Majestic Sweetness Sits Enthroned.” Rev. 5. 12, 13, •Memorize verses 1-3, and name of tune and author. Xoicmbrr 22. Jin. 19, “ He Saw Me TMunged in Deep Distress," Rev. 7. 14- 17. Memorize verses 4-0. Xm ember 20. XO. 88, “ When I Survey the Wondrous Cross,” Matt. 27. 29.. -Memorize verses 1, 2, and name of tune and author. I he ember 0. No. 38. “ See From His Head, His Hands, His Feet.” Gal. 0. 14. Memorize verses 3, 4. J eceiubtr. 15. No. ! 18, “ Jesus, the Very Thought of Thee.” Sol. Song 5. 10. Memorize verses 1, 2, and name of tune and author. Jtccembtr 20. No. 118. “ O Hope of Every Contrite Heart.” Col. 3. 11. />(■{■ember 27. Apostles’ Creed. 2 Tim. 3.10. 17. Or. No. 24. “ God lie Y Little Children. ” Luke 2. 10, 11. ( 19 ) MEMORABLE DATES IN THE EPWORTH LEAGUE. I7'M First Junior League formed at Epworth Rectory, England. 1872. Memorial of Church Lyceum presented to General Conference. 187t>. Church Lyceum officially recognized. 1883. Young People’s Methodist Alliance formed at Ues Plaines (Ill.) camp meeting. 188-1. Oxford,League indorsed by Christmas Conference. 18S7. Young People’s Christian League organized in New England. 1887. Methodist Young People’s Union formed in Detroit, Mich. lS-ss. Noith Ohio Conference Alliance formed. 18KH. May 15. Epworth League organized at Cleveland. by the union of the live preceding societies. 1.SU0. June, First number of the Epic or th Herald. It9_\ Epworth League indorsed by General Conference. 18H3. First International Epworth League Conference at Cleveland. 1885. Second International Conference of Epworth Leagues, Chattanooga, Tenn., June, 27-30. JUNIOR LEAGUE PLEDGE. I i $ (4 I do hereby promise with the help of Clod To try always to do right. To pray every day. To read every day in the word of God. To abstain from profane 1 rngunge, from the <: «f tobacco and from all intoxicating liquor. To attend the. morning church service, and tb* regular meeting of the Junior Epworth League. : x xx : <.xxxxxxxx xx: '6 BENEDICTION FOR ALL EPWORTH LEAGUE 6 CHAPTERS. X Leader. The Lord bless thee and keep thee. X Respoast. Tho Lord make his face to shine upon V thee, and be gracious unto thee. All. The Lord lift up his countenance upon thee, V and give the.e peace. An:en. SXXXXXXXXXXX': XkXXijO XXX- : 'XS GENERAL OFFICERS. Presid«r»t ... .. Bishop J. N. Fitzgerald. General Secretary ... ... Her. Edwin A. Schell. In India and Malaysia. President 1st Vice P;*sidant ... 2nd „ 3rd *th „ General Secretary ... Associate, General Secretary ... 2nd Associate Gen. Sec. for Malaysia, Treasurer Rev. E. W. Parker, D. D. Rev. H. A. Crane Miss Maxay. Mrs. W. A. Mansell. Rev. It. Clancy. Rev. F. W. Warne. Rev. J. E. Robinson. Rev. B. F. West. Rev. W. L. King. Financial Boaiid. Biohop Thoburn (Ex-Officio ) To retire in 2S98. Revs O. G. Conklin, B. J. Chew, \V. T. Thurlow, Bsq., H. H. EUmfry, Esq. To retire in 1900. Revs. F. W. Warne, J. H. Messmore.J. W. Pringle, Esq., W. Ross, Esq. ( 22 ) NORTH INDIA CONFERENCE. President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary Bareilly District League. ... ... Rev. C. L. Bare, Bareilly. ... J. David. Shahjahanpur Chapter. 40 Members. ... . Rev. J. Blackstock. ... ... M. Buddha Singh. Shahjahanpur Junior Chapter. 50 Members. ... .. Rev. J. Blacketock. .. Boddha Singh. Panahpore Chapter. 75 Membirs. ... ... L Cutler. ... ... PI. Solomon. Budaou District League. ... Rev. D. M. Butler. ... G. B. Ferguson. Aonla Chapter. 20 Members. ... Rev. James Jordan. ... Keshri Singh. Bilsi Chapter. 40 Members. ... Rev. \V. T. Speakc. ... D. Wilson. ( 23 ) President Secretary Bisauli Chapter. 23 Members. ... .!. Rev. D. M. Butler. ... ... Hulasi. President Secretary Budaon Chapter. 75 Members. ... ... Mr. S. Phillips. ... Bhim Said. President Secretary Kakrala Chapter. 30 Mbmbkrs. ... ... fiovind Ram. ... Lekha Singh. President Data^anj Chapter. 30 Members. ... ... Rev. Jnmmun Lall. President Ujhani Chapter. 40 Members. ... ... Rev. Presgrave. President Binawar Chapter. 27 Members. ... ... Rev. Basant Ram. Garhwal District. • President Secretary Pauri Chapter. 89 Members . ... ... Chas. Khiyali. ... ... Samuel Williams. President Secretary Gonda District League. ... .. Rev. William Peters ... ... Mr. M. H. McKaig. ( 24 ) 1’resident Secretary President Secre tavy President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary President r Secretary Bahraich Chapter 74 Membbrs. ... Rev. Joshua Solomon. ... Tho*. Peters. Balrampore Chapter. SO Members. ... ... Rev. Behan Lall. ... Prabhu Lall. Bhinga Chapter. To MemBBBS. .. Rev. John T. Samuel* ... John Todd. Colonelganj Chapter. 70 Members. ... ... Rev. .T. S. Samuel. ... ... Mrs. V. Judson. Gonda Chapter. 58 Mbmbbrs. ... Rev. G. R. Presgrave. ... ... Mr. B. MeKaig. Mankapur Chapter. 76 Members. ... ... Rev. S. Wheeler. ... ... Emanuel Wheeler. Qaisar Chapter. 41 Members. ... Rev. Baldeo Pershad. ... Harder. Rupaidiha Chapter. 45 Membkks. ... ... Rev. L. J. McGee, ... ... Snkhder. President ( 25 ) Kumaon District. Dwarahat Chapter. 80 Members. ... . Wm. Dutt. President Secretary Pithoragarh Chapter. 50 Members. ... ... Mi»s M. A. Sheldon. ... .. iramblin Singh. President Secretary Naini Tal, Junior Chapter. 73 Members. ... ... W. Hoskins. ... ... L. Hoskins. President Secretary Moradabad District. Bljnour Chapter. 35 Members. Rev. Dilawar Singhs ... Mohan Singh. President Secretary Chandausi Chapter. 72 Members. ... Zahur-ul-H»qq. ... Bhoj Ram. President Secretary Mandawar Chapter. 35 Members. ... ... Rev. S. Falls. ... ... Lazar Shaw. Pi esident Secretary Moradabad Chapter. 110 Members. ... L. S. Hampton. ... H. S. Clive. ( 26 ) President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary Naglna Chapter. 20 Members. ... ... Cbunae Singh. ... Mahh.b Singh. Bijnour, Junior Chapter. 50 Members. ... Ella Falls. ... Elma Scott. Moradabad, Junior Chapter. 143 Members. ... ... Miss PeBritton. ... ... Dolly Cutting. Oudh District League. ... Mrs. W. A. Mansell. ... - ... Mies L. Singh. Barabanki Chapter. 50 Member?. ... ... .T. A. Norrie, Esq. ... E. Scott. Hardoi Chapter. 110 Members. ... ... Rev. Abdul Wahid, .. Rev. R. H. Tapper. Lucknow Chapter. 71 Members ... Miss L. Singh. ... .. C. H. Chowfin. Rae Bareilly Chapter. 35 Members. ... ... Rev. W. R. Bowen. ... Samuel Bowen. President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary ( ) Shahabad Chapter. 55 Members. ... Mrs. E. Speech ... ... Lizzie Singh. Unao Chapter. 60 Members. ... M. C. John. ... U. Shah. Lueknow Junior Chapter. 68 Members. ... ... < >bed Patrick. ... ... Annie Singh. Itaunja Chapter. 12 Members. ... Bahadur Singh., .. Fateh .Chand. Pilibhit District. Baheri Circuit Chapter. 42 Members. ... Francis Peter. ... ... Gnlzar Singh. Fatehganj West Chapter. 128 Members. ... ... Mrs. M. Solomon. ... ... .Tevan Dass. Mirganj Chapter. 54 Members. . ... Girdhari Lall. ... Nanneh Mall. ( 2S ) * President Secretary Pilibhit Chapter. 50 Members. ... ... A. Lincoln. ... ... A skari Hassan. Sjiahi Chapter. 48 JinSTBKrtS. President Secretary ... ... Jiubbu I*all. ... (sinlvairi Lall. President Secretary Sirauli Chapter. 36 Member*. ... Bliikki Lall. ... Tulai Ram. Fatehganj West Junior Chapter. 50 Mbmbhrs. President Secretary ... ... \Jusih Cham. ... • ... Jaitmkh Lall. President Secretary Sambhal District. Sambhal Chapter. 63 Members. ... ... Lev. H. A. Cutting. ... ... Oulab Singh. • Sitapur District. Khairabad Chapter. 20 Mkmbkrj. President .. ... Rev. A. G. McArthur. Searatary .... ... ,, „ President Secretary President Secretary President Secretary ( 29 ) Lakhimpur Chapter. 40 Members. ... ... Rev. Ivanhai Singh. ... ... .T. Hodden. Sitapur Chapter. 00 Msmbbrs. ... Mrs. Joyce. ... ... Miss A. Jacob Sitapur Junior Chapter. 50 M EMilEUS. ... Molly Chand. ... Helena Beliai i. NORTH-WEST INDIA CONFERENCE LEAGUE. President ... •• Mrs. Hoskins, Cawnpore. Vice President ... ••• Miss A. H. Lawson, Meerut. Secretary and Treasurer ... Hev. C. H. DeSouza, Ajmere. Agra District League President Vice President Sec re ta ry Treasurer . lJev. J. E. Scott, Muttra. . . Mrs. Monroe, Agra. .. Miss Brown, JMuttra. ... J. C. Lawson, Aligarli. Agra Chapter (English.) 40 Mkmbbks. President ... ... D. 0. ilonroe. Agra Chapter (Hindustani.) SO Mkmbebs. Mis# geyraour. President ( 30 ) President Firozabad Chapter. 50 Members. .. Bhola Nath. President Mahaban Chapter. 50 Members. ... M. S. Budden. President i Hathras Hindustani Chapter. 50 Members. M. Khan. Muttra Senior Chapter. GO Membees. President ... Mrs. Matthews, President Muttra Junior Chapter. 50 Members, ... Mohan Singh. President Secretary Treasurer Aligarh Chapter. 43 Members. ... J. C. Lawson. Hari Dass. ... . John Williams. President Secnvt-ary Treasurer Ajmere District League. ... C. W. DeSouza. Ajmere. * ... 1. Franklin, Ajmere. ... ... C. H. Plomer, Phalera. President Butler Chapter, Ajmere. 50 Members. ... Rev. Ram Bahadur ( 31 ) President President Junior Chapter, Ajmere. 45 Members. ... Martha D. Ransom. Nawa Chapter. •JO Members. ... Rev. D. Ransom. Mussoorie District League President ... ... Rev. E. T. Farnon,Patiala President Vice President Secretary Treasurer Patiala Chapter. 35 Members. .. Rev. Mangal Singh. Mr. H. J. Ransom. ... ... Mr. H. Clinton. .. ... Mrs. Rosie Ransom. President Secretary Treasurer Mussoorie Raj pore Chapter. 15 Members. ... Rev. J. Jacob. ... ... Newton Kaiser. ... Isa Das. President Vice President Secretary Treasurer Roorkee Chapter. 50 Members. ... Rev. A. T. Leonard, ... D. M. Solomon. ... BachaLai ... ... Sham Lai. Deoband Chapter, 15 Members. President ... Rev. Joslii Sumer. Secretary ... ... Sukh Lai Joshua. Multan Chapter. 12 Members. President ... .. Rev. J.F. Judd. Secretary ... ... Mrs. McNair. ( 32 ) President 1st Vice President 2nd » 3rd -, Secretary Treasurer Lahore Chapter. 45 Members. .. Rev. Lallji Mall. ... Mr. A. J. Peedes. ... ... Mr J. A. Taylor. ... ... Mr J. Flynn. ... ... K. R. Benjamin. ... Mr. John Taylor. Bulandshahr District League. President Vice President Secretary Treasurer ... Rev. C. Luke, Bulandshahr ... Muassi Singh, Anupshahr. ... J. R. Soule, Bulandshahr. ... John Williams, Dankaur. Bulandshahr Chapter. 80 Members. President Vico President Secretary Treasurer ... Rev. C. Lulre. ... Boyce Sterling. ... E. T. David. ... Miss Adeline Luke. Stirling Chapter, Jahangirabad. ?>0 Mem bur?. President ... ... R. Robin. Secretary ... .. Maqbnl Singh. Treasurer .. ... Mrs. II. Robin. Presidant Secretary Treasurer President Secretary Treasurer Lee Chapter, Anupshahr. 40 Mbmbbrs. ... Muassi Singh. ... ... J. C. Samuel. ... ... Mrs. Martha Muassi. Ingram Chapter, Khurja. 45 Members. ... A. Phillips. ... ... K. Lazarus. ... Jnttan Maxih. ( 33 ) Morriss Chapter, Sikandrabad. 25 Members. President .. ... F. M. David. Secretary ... . . J. C. Claudius. Treasurer ... ... Bhagwan Swamp. Whitfield Chapter, Dankaur. •20 .Members. President ... John Williams. Secretary ... Alfred Williams. Treasurer ... John Samuel. Kasganj District League. President ... Rev. H. R, Khan 1st Vice President ... B. Gardner. Secretary ... P. S. Godlirf. Treasurer ... ShibLail. Kiplmger Chapter, Kasganj. 210 Members. ... ... B. Gardner. ... P. D. Godlirf. Ernest Chapter, Sikandra Rao 35 Members ... ... Rev. Mohan La 11. ... Robert Shankar. Meerut District. Meerut Chapter, 135 Members. President. ... ... Rev. Chinaman Lai. 1st Vice President ... Mrs. Buck. Secretary ... ••• Panel iu Treasurer ... ... Miss Harris. President Secretary President Secretary ( 34 ) President 1st Vice P Secretary Treasurer Meerut Junior Chapter. 54 Members. ... ... Miss Lawson, resident ... ••• Uromed Masih. ... ... Oscar Buck. ... ... Miss Edna Buck President Secretary Treasurer Muzaflfarnagar Chapter. 30 Members. ... ... Elisha. .. ... S. Lube. ... Snkklia Singh. President Secretary Gurmukteswar Chapter. 32 Members. ... ... Islam Persha . ... ... Masih Charau. President Secretary Treasurer Gbaziabad Chapter. 42 Members. ... ... Prabhu Das. ... Geo. Solomon. ... ... Garib. President Secretary Miranpore Chapter. 12 Members. ' .. E. W. Gay. . Masih Diyal. President Secretary '1 reasurer Murwana Chapter. 11) M EMBERS. ... ... R. Gardner. ... ... Caleb. ... Shalamut. President Secretary Treasurer Paniput Chapter. 2d Members. ... i Janga T)ath. ... ... Catherine Hath. ... Ajudhiva Parsh. ( 35 ) President 1st Vice President Secretary Treasurer Soneput Chapter. 20 Members. ... ... Yaqub Cornelius. ... H. M. Davis. ... Elizabeth Davis. ... MasihDayal. Allahabad District League. President 1st Vice President ... Secretary Treasurer Rev. R. Clancy, Allahabad. Miss Lauck, Cawnpore. Mr. N. T. Childs, Cawnpore. Rev. Benj. Lall. Oriental Chapter, Cawnpore. 82 Members. President Secretary Tieasurer ... Alfred Baksh- ... Isa Charau Dhar. ... Brij Lai. Layton Chapter, Cawnpore. President 1st Vice President 2nd ,, ,, 3rd ,, „ -4th ,, ,, Secretary , Treasurer 3 Members. ... Miss Lauck. ... Miss Fordyce. Miss Marks. ... W. Coen, Esq. ... Mrs. Hoff. ... Miss J. E. Wise. ... Mr. Colin Campbell. President Secretary 'Treasurer Asbury Chapter, Auraiya. 25 Members. ... ... .l’ai Ram. ... Lacliman Singh. ... Ram Singh. Reid Chapter. Moth. 25 Members. President Secretary Treasurer Rev. Daya Singh. Lachman Parshad. Mrs. Daya Singh. ( 3 6 Kingsley Chapter. Kanauj. 28 Members. President ... Rev. Prabhu Lall. Secretary ... J. D’Costa. Treasurer ... ... Albert D'Costa. Winona Chapter, Bhithur. 21 Members. President ... ... B. R. Richards. Secretary ... Bliagwan Din. Treasurer ... Mrs. L. Richards. Allahabad Chapter. 50 Members. President .. Rev. J. B. Joseph. 1st \ ice Pre ... Mr. W. Newton. Secretary ... ... W. W. Cutting. Treasurer ... Mr. R. B. Thomas SOUTH INDIA CONFERENCE LEAGUE. President 1st Vice President 2nd ,, 3rd ! til Secretary Treasurer Rev. G. K. Gilder, Chadarghat. Rev. A. E. Cook, Vikarabad, Rev. T. K.Toussaint, Bangalore. Rev. W. L. King, Madras. Rev. W. E. G. Curtie.s, Madras. Rev. J. 15. Buttrick, Bowringpet. Rev. D. O. Ernsberger,Gulbarga. Hyderabad District League. President ... ••• Rev. G. K. Gilder, Chadarghat- lst Vice-President ... Rev. A. E. Cook. Vikarabad. ... Miss C. Wood, Chadarghat. ... Rev. E. Roberts. ... Mrs. Ernsberger, Gulbarga, Cha¬ darghat. ... Miss L. E. Blackmar, Siruncha. ... Bev. J. II. Garden, Vikarabad. 2nd 3rd j) 4 th Secretary Treasurer Bellary Chapter. 15 Members. President ... ... Rev. J. Parker. Secretary ... ... Miss T. Bradbury. ( 37 ) Chadarghat Chapter. 74 ! Members. President 1st Vico President 2nd ,, 3rd „ -4th ,, Secretary Treasurer ... Rev. W. D. Waller. ... Miss C. Wood. ... Mr. J. Plunkett. ... Rev. G. Iv. Gilder. ... Mrs. A. Murray. ... Miss Blackmar. ... Mrs. J. Gay. Gulbarga Chapter. 3S Members. President 1st Vice President 2nd ,, 3rd ,, 4th Secretary Treasurer ... Stephen Chinnappa. < labriel. Rachel. Edward. Grace. Nagomi. Mary Burder. • - President 1st Vice President 2nd ,, 3rd . j ... 4th ,, Secretary Treasurer Kopal Chapter. 32 Members. ... Rev. B. Peters. ... Mrs. A. Peters. ... Miss E. Peters. ... Mr. J. Karody. ... Mrs. E. Karody. ... Miss M. Peters. ... Mr. G. Barnabas. Secunderabad Chapter- 23 Members. President 1st Vicel’resident 2nd 3rd 4th Secretary Treasurer Dr. W. H. L. Batstone. Mrs. A. S. Batstone. Mr. Tlios. Allen. Mr. Geo. W. Kegel. Mrs. 4. Carlyle. Miss Weston. Mr. Chas. J. Muller. ( 38 ) Vikarabad Chapter 1 19 Members. President 1st Vice President 2nd „ 3rd „ 4th „ Secretary Treasurer Rev. J. H. Gard Mrs. F. Garden. ... Mrs. C. Gnanappa ... C. Gnanappa. .. Miss A. Murray. ff ** .. Isaac Abbanna. Yellundu Telugu Chapter. 20 Members. President _ .. 1st Vice President 2nd ., 3rd 4tb „ Secretary Treasurer Rama Gnanappa. G. Chandaya. Beemaya. Chand Sahib. Pedda Mastani. Chandava. Obli. Chadarghat Junior Chapter. 34 Members. Superintendent ... President 1st Vice President 2nd „ 3rd „ 4th Secretary Treasurer ... May Davis. . Lillian Fallon. . Elsie Green. Kate Prendergast. Hugh Ross. . Hildah Ross. . Una Murray. Madras District League President 1st Vice President 2nd „ 3rd ' „ 4th Secretary- Treasurer Rev. A. H. Baker. Geo. S. Roge. T. R. TouBsaint. Miss F. Maskell. Miss G. Stephens. W. Raju A’aidu. Bangalore Chapter 57 Members. President 1st Vice President 2nd .. 3rd . 4th Secretary- Treasurer Rev. F. E. N. Shaw M rs. Walker. Mrs. Wallace. Miss Lilywhite. Miss Christian. Miss Christian Junior Chapter, Bangalore. President ... ... F. Shallard. Secretary ... .,. Miss Oliver. Kanarese Chapter, Kolar 70 Members. President 1st Vice President 3rd „ 4rd Secretary Treasurer Rev. Ira A. Richards. Gershom. Nubbia. Martin Luther. Simeon. Cornelius. Kanarese Junior Chapter, Kolar. President 1st Vice President 2nd . 3rd 4th Secretary Treasurer 70 Members. .. Miss F. Masked. ... Jacob. ... John. ... Annie. ... Hannah. Susan. ... Esther, English Junior Chapter, Kolar President 1st Vice President 2nd ,, 3rd ,, •••* 4th . 32 Members. ... Miss F. Maskell. ... Edward Flanaghan. ... Richard Davis. ... Lucius Richards. ... Tom Wilkins. ( 40 ) Vepery Chapter, Madras 71 Members. President ... Mrs. A. W Kudisiil. 1st Vice President ... C. Sharp. 2nd ... Mrs. Peters. 3rd „ ... Mrs. J. H. Stephens. 4th ... Mr. G. Satoor. Secretary ... Mr. H. King. Treasurer ... Miss E. D’Jordan. Junior Chapter, Vepery, Madras 60 Members. President ... Miss Maud Chatterton. 1st Vice President ... Minnie Marcar. 2nd „ ... Ethel Marcar. 3rd „ ... Sara Trutwein. 4th „ Mercy Staggs. •Secretary ... John Chatterton. Treasurer ... Ralph Peters. Tamil Chapter. Madras. 58 Members. President ... Miss Grace Stephens. 1st Vice President ... Mr. VV. B. Cumine. 2nd „ ... Mrs. Benjamin. 3rd ... Mr. Kaju Naidu. 4th „ Mrs. Annie Jacob, Secretary Treasurer ... Miss B. Raja Gopal. ... Mr. C. Jacob. Junior Tamil Chapter, Madras. 20 Members. President ... Miss Fannie Young. 1st Vice President ... Esther Palmer. 2nd „ ... Susie Steele. ... Ella Rutter. 4th ., ... Caroline Rose. •Secretary Treasurer ... Margaret Bottome. ... Louie Reynolds. ( 41 ) BOMBAY CONFERENCE LEAGUE. President ... .. Miss C. H. Lawson, Bombay Vice-President ... ... Dr. F. K. Felt, Jubalpur. Secretary Treasurer ... .. Rev. W. L. Clarke, Nagpur ... Mi?s C. G lilsain, Kanipti* Directors fRev H. A, Crane, Bombay. ... -{ Rev. ,T. O. Denning Narsingpur. 1 Rev G. 1. Stone, Kurrachi. » Bombay District League. l’resideut ... ... Mrs. 8. M. .Stephens, Poona. Vice-President ... ... Dr. F. D. Foy, Bombay. Secretary ... ... Dr. C. K. Marrett. Treasurer ... ... Miss F.Thurston • Bowen Chapter, Bombay. 43 Members. President Secretary ... ... Rev. H. A. Crane. ... ... Miss E. Hewitt. President Secretary Gi ant Road Chapter, Bombay 37 Members, ... Dr. C. K. Marrett. ... ... E. D. Dent. President Secretary Marathi Chapter, Bombay. 20 Members. ... Miss C. H. Lawson. ... David Silas. President Poona Chapter. 43 Members. ... Dr. S. W. Stephens. f Igatpur Chapter. 21 Members. President ... Rev. W. E. Robbins. ( 42 ) Lanauli Chapter. 8 Members. President ... ... Kov. T. E. F. Morton. Win. Taylor Chapter, Poona. 22 Members. President ... ... Mrs. I). 0. l'ox. Secretary ... ... Sakarm Bhosh. Junior Chapter Bombay- 20 Members. President ... ... Mrs. M. T. Carroll. Junior Chapter, Grant Road, Bombay 35 Members. President ... ... Dr. C. K. Marrett. Marathi Junior Chapter, Bombay 20 Members. President ... ... Mrs. M. T. Abrams. Junior Chapter, Poona- 48 Members. President ... Mrs. J. E. Robinson. Junior Marathi Chapter, Poona 44 Members. President ... ... Sakaram Bhoisli. Junior Chapter. Lanauli. 8 Members. President ... ... Mrs/E. Morton. Central Provinces District. Hurda Chapter 13 Members President ... ... Ree. W. H. (Irenon, Se cretary ... - ... Mr. W. Drake. President Secretary President President Secretary President Secretary President President President Secretary President Secretary ( 48 ) Nagpope Chapter. 15 Members. ... Rev. W. L. Clark, ... F. R. Hill. Kampti Chapter 15 Members. ... ... Rev. C. G. Elsatn. Nursingpur Chapter- 70 Members. ... ... Rev. H. Butterfield. ... ... Makhan Lall. Hurda Chapter. 16 Members ... ... Assad Alii. ... ... J. Peter. Junior* Chapter, Igatpuri. 25 Members. ... ... Ernest Brown. Junior Chapter, Nagpur 40 Members. ... Mr F. R. Hill. Sindh District. Karachi Chapter. 24 Members. • •• ... W. Henderson. ... ... Hope Cross. Gujarat District. Baroda Chapter. 79 Members. ... Rev. E. F. Freese, ... .. J. Dhunjabhai. ( 44 ) BENGAL BURMAH CONFERENCE LEAGUE. President 1st Vice-President 2nd ,, Q j OL“(I 99 ••• Secretary Treasurer ... Rev. F. W. Warne. Miss Perkins. ... Miss Maxey. ... Rev. H. Jackson. ... Miss Stahl. ... Rev. JohnT. Robertson. Calcutta District Epworth League. President 1st Vice-President 2nd „ 3rd „ 4tb ,, Secretary Treasurer ... Rev. F. W. Warne. ... Miss Maxey. ... Mrs. Byers. . ... B. W. Mozumdar, ... Miss Campbell. ... Miss Stahl. ... Miss Cortland. President Vice President Secretary President Vice President Secretary Treasurer Rapur Chapter. 25 MEMBERS. ... Rev. N. Madsen. Kasob Chundra Mullick. ... Jogendra. Tanjra Chapter. 28 Members. ... G. N. Day. ... Comar Bag. ... J. C. Mandal. ... S. Naslcer. Assansol Chapter. Presiiient 1st Vice President 2nd ., 3rd „ 4th ,, Secretary Treasurer 30 Members. ... S. C. Biswas. ... Mrs. Byers. ... Kali Charan. ... Poresh Biswas. ... Behari. .. G. C.Ghusal. ... Samuel Mimdel. ( 45 ) Calcutta Chapter Y. M. S. C. E. 51 Members, President ... ... Miss Maxey. Vic President ... ... J. Culshaw. Treasurer ... ... 1'. K. C. Scallen. Calcutta Chapter Y. L. S. C. E. President Vice President Secretary Cor. Secretary Treasurer 85 Members. ... Miss Maxey. ... Miss Daily. ... Miss Scallen. ... Miss L. Burnham. ... Miss Adams. Calcutta Junior Chapter. President Vice President Secretary Treasurer 75 Members. ... George Faria. ... Helen McFarland. ... Lizzie Moore. ... Gerald Cunlitfe. Calcutta Hindustani Chapter. President Vice President Secretary Treasurer 50 Members. ... Miss Kerschner. .. Miss Christopher. ... S. J. Dowring. ... Miss Campbell. Calcutta Bengali Chapter. 28 Members. President 1st Vice President 2nd „ 3rd „ > 4th „ Secretary ... J. Culshaw. ... Babu Raju Ram. ... Miss Blair. ... B. W. Mozumdar. ... S. N. Samuel. ( 46 ) Burmah District. Rangoon Chapter. 80 Members. President 1st Vice President 2nd ,, -3rd i» 4 th Secretary Treasurer Rev. Julius Smith. A. Grant, Esq. Mrs. Illingworth. Miss Keiler. Mrs. Smith. Mrs. Perkins. Tims, Walker, Esq. SINGAPORE MISSION CONFERENCE LEAGUE. Singapore English Chapter 74 Members. President 1st Vice President 2nd ,, 3rd „ 4th .Secretary Treasurer ... A. J. Atnery. ... Mrs. Morgan ... Mrs. Kelso. ... W. J. Wager. ... J. C. Pattison. ... Dora Wheatley ... Miss Tuckey. Baba Chinese Chapter. President 1st Vice President.. 2nd ,, 4th Secretary Treasurer 30 Members. .. W. E. Horly. ... George Everett. ... Sophia Blackmore. ... Koh Kim lleng. ... Lei Teng Poh. ... Pung Hock Guam Singapur Junior Chapter ... Mrs. Kelso. President ( ^ ) Summary. CONFERENCE. r