1 \ ^yYl . THE AMERICAN BOARD MISSIONS IN AFRICA From the Annual Report of 1922 ZULU BRANCH Stations: Location and Special work of Missionaries Adams (1835). (Amanzimtoti). — Rev. Albert E. LeRoy: Principal of Amanzimtoti Institute; evangelistic work. Mrs. Rhoda A. Leroy: Work for women. Wesley C. Atkins: Headmaster in Amanzimtoti Institute; Mission Treasurer. Mrs. Edna A. Atkins: Helping in station work. Rev. Henry A. Stick: In charge of Theological Depart¬ ment; Evangelistic work. Airs. Bertha H. Stick: Work for women. K. Robert Brueckner: Industrial training in Amanzimtoti Institute and Normal School. Miss CarolineE. Frost: In charge girls’ department; teacher. Miss May E. Tebbatt: Teacher in charge of Domestic Science Department. Albert J. Hicks; Mrs. Grace S. Hicks: Agricultural director at Institute; women’s work. Inanda (1837). — Mrs. Alary K. Eduards: Retired missionary. Miss Evelyn F. Clarke: Principal of Inanda Seminary. Miss Minnie E. Carter: Teacher in Seminary; Sunday school work. Miss Fidelia Phelps: Teacher in Seminary. Miss AlargaretE. Walbridge: Head of Domestic Science Department in Seminary. Umzunduze (1847) — Mapumulo (1848) — Rev. Charles N. Ransom: General Evangelistic work. Mrs. Susan H. C. Ransom: Women’s and Sunday School work. Ifafa (1848) — Esidumbini (1849) — Umzumbe (1861). — Rev. George B. Cowles: General Evangelistic work. Mrs. AmyB. Cowles: General work for women and boys; Sun¬ day school work. Airs.Laura B. Bridgman: Retired missionary. Durban (1892). — James D. Taylor, D. D.: In charge of Durban work; mission secretary; church supervision and social service. Airs. 1 7 Missions in Africa Katherine M. Taylor: Sunday School work. Rev. Henry A. Jessop: Supervisor of primary schools in Natal. Mrs. Bernice H. Jessop: Sunday school work. James B. McCord, M. D: In charge of mission hospital and medical work; Medical School. Mrs. Margaret M. McCord: Evangelistic work for hospital patients. AlanB. Taylor, M. D.; Mrs. MaryB. Taylor: Medical work in hospital and Medical School. Mrs. Katherine S. Maxwell: Social and evangelistic work for women. Groutville (-). — Rev. HarwoodB. Catlin: General Evangelistic work in Groutville and Noodsberg churches. Mrs. Laura C. Catlin: Station work. Johannesburg (1847). — Frederick B. Bridgman, D. D.: In charge of Transvaal work; general evangelistic and educational work. Mrs. Clara D. Bridgman: Sunday school supervision and work for women. Rev. Ray E. Phillips; Mrs. Dora L. Phillips: Christian social service work; Sunday school work. On Furlough. — Rev. RalphL. Abraham; Mrs. Clara N. Abraham; Rev. Arthur F. Christofersen; Mrs. Julia R. Christofersen; Mrs. Dorothea K. Brueckner. Associated with the Mission. — (Adams) Mr. and Mrs. R. B. Begg; Miss Katherine Fowler; Miss Anna Clarke: Teachers in Aman- zimtoti Institute. (Inanda) Mr. and Mrs. I. R. James; Miss Frances A. Roberts; Miss Rosa L. Brittenden: Teachers at Inanda. (Johannes¬ burg) Miss Alice Weir: Work in city for women and children. (Dur¬ ban) Mr. T. C. Sloane: Publication work. Five missionaries are on furlough, Mr. and Mrs. Abraham; Mr. and Mrs. Christofersen and Mrs. Brueckner. Miss Carter who has had a brief furlough has just returned to the mission. Miss Mary E. Andrews, who was a teacher in the Institute at Adams, has withdrawn to the United States because of family conditions. Miss Margaret E. Brotzman, a nurse in the hospital at Durban, returned to America after less than a year on the field. Mr. Brueckner’s furlough is authorized, and he may join Mrs. Brueckner in this country early in 1923. No new missionaries have been appointed to the mission. Mr. and Mrs. Jessop have taken the place of Mr. and Mrs. Abraham in Durban. Ifafa is vacant for the present. Dr. J. Walker Morledge expected to join Missions in Africa 3 the hospital in Durban in 1922, but circumstances prevented and he now hopes to be on the field by fall of 1923. STATISTICS (1921).—Twenty-two stations; 140 outstations in a population of 551,800. 11 ordained missionaries; 5 unordained; 16 wives; 9 single women, making a total missionary force of 41; associ¬ ate workers, 10. The native force includes 15 ordained preachers; 54 unordained preachers; 80 men teachers; 93 women teachers, and 778 other workers, a total of 912 workers. Places of regular meeting 316; 28 organized churches of which 18 are self supporting. Communicants 6,302; added in 1921 by confession 557, making a total constituency of 25,130. Sundayschools, 62 with a membership of 2,191. The mission maintains a Theological Department with 7 members and a Normal School with 115 students. There are 8 middle schools with 195 boys and 306 girls; 86 primary schools with 2,513 boys and 2,211 girls; one kindergarten with 12 pupils, making a total of 97 schools, and the total number under instruction 5,419. The native contributions show $7,757 for Christian work; $20,632 for education; $1,213 for other pur¬ poses, making a total of $29,602. The hospital and dispensary at Durban reports the total treatments as 5,442. Printed on presses outside the mission, over 6,000,000 pages. RHODESIA BRANCH Mt. Silinda: (1893). — William L. Thompson , M. D. In charge of medical and church work. Mrs. Mary E. Thompson: Assists in medical work and work for women. Arthur J. Orner: In charge of Industrial department and station work; station treasurer. Dorothy H. Orner: Work for women. Emory D. Alvord: Agricultural director; Sunday school superintendent. Mrs. Bernice M. Alvord: Mother’s meeting. George A. Wilder, D. D.: Principal of the Bible Training School; in charge of church work and evangelistic work. Mrs. Alice C. Wilder: Work for women; librarian. Rev. Frederick R. Dixon; Mrs. Madeline II. Dixon: Associate in the Bible Training School; evangelistic work in the outstations. Miss IvyE. Craig: Associate Principal of the Girls’ Board¬ ing School. Miss Mabel E. Larkins: Language study; educational work. Chikore (1895). — Columbus C. Fuller: In charge of Chikore School and station work. Mrs. Jidda B. Fuller: Oversight of girls’ boarding department and work for girls. William T. Lawrence, M. D.: medical and station work. Miss FannieE. Ellener: Language study and teach¬ ing. Rev. Frank T. Meacham; Mrs. Doris V. Meacham: Language study; station work. 4 Missions in Africa Gogoyo (1917). — Rev. John P. Dysart: In charge of station and evangelistic work; mission secretary. Mrs. Mathilde T. Dysart: Work among women and girls; sewing class. Miss Minnie Clarke: Educational work for women and girls. On Furlough. — Aden R. Mather; Mrs. Faye S. Mather; Mrs. Florence E. Laurence. Associated with the Mission. — (Mt. Silinda) Miss Gertrude H. Merrill: Nurse. Miss C. A. Van Heerden: Principal of Training and Practicing School. Mr. and Mrs. John E. Hack: Industrial Depart¬ ment. Mr. and Mrs. Orner have returned to their work at Mt. Silinda and Dr. Lawrence has relocated at Chikore. Mrs. Lawrence is remaining in America a while longer. Mr. and Mrs. Mather have entered upon their regular furlough. Mr. and Mrs. Dixon and Miss Craig who were studying the language at Chikore are located at Mt. Silinda. Dr. and Mrs. Wilder have also been transferred to that station. Miss Clarke has taken up work in the new station at Gogoyo. The new mission¬ aries are Miss Mabel E. Larkins, a teacher under life appointment, and Miss Gertrude H. Merrill a nurse for a five year term. Mr. and Mrs. Kamba Simango have been secured as associates and will go to Lisbon for language study within a few months. STATISTICS(1921). — Three stations, 16 outstations in a popula¬ tion of 20,000. 4 ordained missionaries; 6 men unordained; 10 wives; 4 single women; total number of missionaries 24 ; associate workers, 4. The native force consists of 31 unordained preachers; 22 men teachers; 14 women teachers, total number of workers 67. Places of regular meet¬ ing 17; 3 organized churches, 1 self supporting. Communicants 472 in¬ cluding 51 added by confession during the year. The 6 Sunday Schools have a membership of 350. There are 2 Christian Endeavor societies with a membership of 60. The theological and training schools have 28 students; 2 secondary schools with 518 pupils; 15 primary schools with 765 pupils; 1 kindergarten with 30 pupils; in all 19 schools where 1,341 students are under instruction. The native contribu¬ tions included only $97 for Christian work for the six months reported. The hospital at Mt. Silinda had 25 patients and the three dispensaries 5,393, and the total treatments were 11,477. Missions in Africa WEST CENTRAL AFRICA MISSION 5 Bailundo (1881).— Rev. Daniel A. Hastings: Evangelistic, station and outstation work. Mrs. Laura B. Hastings: Work for women. Miss Janette E. Miller; Miss Una J. Minto: Educational and station work. Kamundongo (1886). — William H. Sanders, D. D.: In charge of station work; mission treasurer. Mrs. Sarah B. Sanders: Work for women; oversight of printing press. Rev. Henry S. Hollenbeck, M D.: Medical work; work in boys’ boarding school; industrial and out¬ station work. Rev. James E. Lloyd: Evangelistic work. Chisamba (1886). — Rev. J. Arthur Steed: Mrs. Edith T. Steed: Station and evangelistic work. Reuben S. Hall, M. D.; Mrs. Beatrice B. Hall: Language study and medical work. Miss Diadem Bell: Evangelistic work for women. Miss Helen J. Melville: Work for women; medical work. Miss Margaret W. Melville; Miss Elizabeth W. Read; Educational work. Ocliileso (1903). -—• Rev. Henry A. Neipp: In charge of the station and outstation work. Mrs. Frederica L. Neipp: Station, educational and women’s work. Sachikela (1905). — William Cammack, M. D.: Medical work; in¬ dustrial and agricultural department of girls’ boarding school; village evangelistic work; mission secretary. Mrs. Libbie S. Cammack, M. D.: Medical, Sunday school and primary school work. Miss Elizabeth B. Campbell: Superintendent of Educational work for the station. Merlin W. Ennis, D. D.: In charge of school and evangelistic work. Mrs. ElizabethL.Ennis: Teacher in girls’boarding school; work for women. Dondi (1914). — Rev. John T. Tucker: Principal of the Currie In¬ stitute. Mrs. Leona S. Tucker: Educational work. Mr. F. Sidney Dart: Industrial educator; instructor in the manual trades. Mrs. Clara I. Dart: Work for women. Mrs. Amy J. Currie: Acting Prin¬ cipal for the Means School for Girls. Miss Elizabeth S. Mackenzie; Miss Lauretta A. Dibble: Language study; teaching in the Means School. 6 Missions in Africa Galangue (1922). — Rev. Henry C. McDowell: In charge of station and evangelistic work. Mrs. Bessie D. McDowell: Assists in station work. On Furlough.-— Rev.William C. Bell; Mrs. Lena H. Bell; Miss Emma C. Redick; Miss Marion M. Webster; Miss Diadem Bell. Portugal. — FredE. Stokey , M. D.; AllenE. McAllester; SamuelB. Coles; Mrs. Bertha T. Coles: Study of Portuguese. Associated with the Mission. — (Dondi) Miss Florence B. Rawlings: Educational work. Rose A. Bower, M. D.: Educational and Medical work. (Kamundongo) Mrs. Evelyn Hunter: Matron in the dormitory. (Chisamba) Miss Martha L. Wightman: Assists in the station work. (Ochileso) Mary F. Cushman, M. D.: Medical work. Of those who were on furlough several have returned. Mr. and Mrs. Bell have extended their furlough, but will be on the field before another fall. Miss Webster and Mr. and Mrs. Hastings are delaying their furlough. Miss Diadem Bell is taking her regular furlough. Rev. Wesley C.Stover, retired, died in Claremont, California, on July 8,1922. Rev. John T. Tucker and Miss Leona Stukey, both of Dondi, were married on May 10, 1922. In 1922 a new station was established at Galangue, and Rev. and Mrs. Henry C. McDowell were transferred to this post from Dondi. Mrs. Hunter is now located at Kamundongo after about a year in Sachikela. The new missionaries who are studying Portuguese in Lisbon are: Mr. Allen E. McAllester; Mr. and Mrs. Samuel B. Coles and Fred E. Stokey, M. D., who is reappointed after over four years in America. Dr. Rose A. Bower at Dondi, and Dr. Mary F. Cushman at Ochileso are on term service. Mr. and Mrs. Swaddling have resigned from the mission. STATISTICS (1920). -— Seven stations; 205 outstations. Popula¬ tion of field (incompletely reported) 100,000. Missionaries: 10 ordained and 6 unordained men; 12 wives; 12 single women; total number of missionaries 40; associate workers, 5. The native force is composed of 225 unordained preachers; 249 men teachers; 13 women teachers; 35 Bible women; 122 other workers; total workers 644. There are 215 places of regular meeting, 4 organized churches and 3 entirely self sup¬ porting; 983 communicants, of whom 225 are new members; total con- Missions in Africa 7 stituency 45,875. 35 Sunday schools with a membership of 3,144; 3 Christian Endeavor Societies with 180 members. In connection with the educational work there is a training secondary school for boys with 75 pupils, and another for girls with 42 pupils. The other schools may be divided into, primary 104, with 7382 boys, and 5,208 girls; two kin¬ dergartens with 60 pupils; total under instruction, 12,767. The native contributions were $332 for church work, $257 for education; $47 for other offerings; total contributions $636. One hospital had 260 patients and the treatments in the 4 dispensaries were 16,260. Pages printed in the mission press, 158,401. RHODESIA BRANCH The unusual asset of a large tract of forest land filled with valuable timber has been a great help to the Rhodesia Mission in its industrial training. This training has been found necessary to fit the natives for self-support under the advancing civilization which is so strange to them. A large amount of machinery and the available forest, together with plenty of native labor has drawn the missionaries more and more into the work of producing furniture which found a ready sale in the region about the Mission. The success of this work had developed so rapidly that it became a burden upon the Mission. It also tended to cloud in the minds of foreign settlers, and even of the natives them¬ selves, the chief purposes of our work. In view of this strange consequence of marked success, the Mission during the past year decided upon a radical change. It was assisted in making this change by a deputation sent from the Zulu Branch at the request of the Prudential Committee. A new emphasis is to be given to the direct evangelistic and educational work, and, even at the risk of allowing valuable property and machinery to go unused, the indus¬ trial work is to be cut down to such proportions as are necessary for industrial training only. This action reduces somewhat the revenue which the Mission has received from the commercial aspects of its work. It therefore will be more difficult to maintain the work with¬ out added assistance from the homeland. At the same time this step has made perfectly clear the primary objective of our work among the blacks, namely, the development of character rather than the develop¬ ment of business. The boiler and traction engine brought up twenty years ago from the coast with prayers and heavy hauling has given away under the con¬ tinual strain. The Board has authorized a special appeal for funds to provide a new boiler and engine with which this industrial training 8 Missions in Africa may be continued. Not only does the engine provide power for wood¬ working machinery, but it provides the power for the mills which grind the maize for the Board schools. No single loss in the Mission would be felt more immediately and in a more widespread way than the loss of this source of power. And yet this is the loss which is threatened daily as the old boiler goes on working with leaky sides and the engine goes on struggling with squeaky joints. A new complication of the present situation is the famine, — a famine unprecedented in its widespread and serious results. The British government is giving able assistance to the natives on British territory, but in the portion of the field which lies in Portuguese East Africa no help to the natives comes except such as can be provided by the missionary. Again a special appeal is being pushed to secure funds to save from starvation the people whose souls have been saved from death. The hospital for many years closed for lack of a nurse, is at last about to be reopened. Miss Gertrude Merrill of Maine has reached the field and is already eager to begin work in connection with Dr. Law¬ rence and Dr. Thompson. The hospital will begin a larger medical work as soon as she completes her language study. Efforts of the missionaries to reach the teeming population of the lowlands between Mt. Silinda and the sea have been often thwarted by the hostile attitude of the Portuguese government. This attitude, based upon misunderstanding, is being slowly changed. The Inter¬ national Missionary Council through its agents in London is striving to secure recognition for the missionaries in Portuguese territory simi¬ lar to that accorded to missionaries under British control. If this can be secured it is felt on the field that a forward step may at once be taken. Three new locations for mission stations have been chosen. The one to the north of Mt. Silinda in British territory on Mutema’s Reserva¬ tion has already been occupied by a native worker. The native chiefs are friendly and every door seems open. The field to the south, again in British territory, is one which has not yet been entered by the foreign traders but which unless the missionaries occupy it soon, may be placed beyond their reach by the encroachment of these settlers. The third field which our workers are eager to enter is the great lowland stretch along the Sabi River in Portuguese territory. Though unhealthy in climate it has a very dense population and the river forms an easy line of communication east and west. Missions in Africa 9 Perhaps no single individuals are more eager to enter this vast virgin territory than Mr. and Mrs. Kamba Simango who are at present com¬ pleting their studies at Columbia and who in a few months will sail for Portugal to perfect their knowledge of Portuguese. Mr. Simango is a native of this lowland country and after studying atMt. Silinda and completing his work at Hampton and Columbia he hopes to join the Mission with the earnest purpose of winning his own people to a better life. THE ZULU BRANCH OF THE SOUTH AFRICA MISSION The great strike on the Rand with its attendant excesses and the battle in Johannesburg profoundly influenced the work of the American Board. At the same time it may be fairly said that the work of the American Board profoundly influenced the situation. Our workers in a tireless way gave themselves to maintaining the quiet and loyalty of the natives who were in that particular crisis the deciding element in favor of law and order. “Regrettable and terrifying as the strike has been, God in His own way has used it for the uplift of the subject race here in South Africa. As Dr. Bridgman so aptly says, ‘The meek will inherit a more equitable share of the earth.’ The native in a few terrible weeks advanced his status twenty years by his coolness, obedience and loyalty.” One of the most efficient agencies in maintaining quiet among the native Africans at the time of the strike was the motion picture ma¬ chine used by Mr. Phillips. It was not a venture undertaken specifi¬ cally for the emergency, but was the continuation of a work begun be¬ fore the strike and continued effectively since that time. Mr. Phillips regularly shows his pictures in nine compounds, two hospitals, the city jail, the boys’ reformatory, and the leper asylum. In each one the cheer and information given by the pictures is accompanied by the helpful word, and the impression given is very deep. The Johannesburg church with its beautiful new building has as¬ sumed a new place of leadership in that important city. It is not only a great help to the native people but is a strength to the missionaries themselves in the further spread of the work. It is a milestone in the long road towards independence and self-support on the part of the native church. 10 Missions in A frica WEST AFRICA The past twelve months have seen real progress in the Angola Mis¬ sion. A large number of heathen have begun the Christian life. The schools under efficient direction have prepared an unusually fine group of teachers and other leaders for the work of the outstations. The approach to the Portuguese officials has been made more cordial with the result that a better understanding and more sympathetic attitude has been secured on the part of the government officials. The year has not been without its problems, however. The one most in evidence has been the problem of the requirements made by the government regarding the use of the Portuguese language. The law, long since on the statute books, but only recently applied, requiring the study and use of Portuguese by missionaries and workers, has been interpreted by the generous High Commissioner in such a way as to permit much more of the work of the Mission to continue as in former years than had been feared. Although this has been a very real problem which has caused much anxiety and some readjustment of the work in West Africa, it has at the same time been a means of widening the scope of our missionary work. It has led to more direct contact with the government officials and to a closer sympathy with the educa¬ tional aims of the district. Another problem raised by the same government inspection has been the problem of industrial training. The Portuguese authorities are especially eager to have the people trained in industries. They have little sympathy for the higher intellectual development of the native Africans, but are eager that they should become workers and develop the country. In this eagerness the missionary workers have shared and much progress has been made during the year. The High Com¬ missioner and wife and daughter madeacall upon the Cchileso Mission station at which time this important Portuguese official expressed himself as greatly pleased with the earnest effort to develop the in¬ dustries in that station. The home-made machinery, the ingenious use of waste materials and the practical application of the training to the life of the people, all impressed the High Commissioner. Mr. Neipp has been unusually successful in making use of local conditions and has installed a home-made turbine to generate the electricity for lighting the homes of both missionaries and natives. Perhaps the most outstanding problem of the year is the problem of building up the new station at Galangue. To this Mr. McDowell Missions in Africa 11 has devoted himself without stint. A new site was chosen and ground has been broken for the necessary buildings. A wide field of influence is thus being opened up. This effort on the field has had its immediate reflex upon the contributors at home. The colored churches of the south have contributed very generously so that the work at Galangue need not be delayed because of financial restrictions. The Mission press, moved last year to Dondi, has had problems of its own. Heretofore it produced much literature in the Umbundu. Since this is for the most part stopped by the new regulations the press it ight produce Portuguese books instead. In view of the fact, how¬ ever, that such books as are needed are copyrighted in Portugal and cannot be reprinted in Africa, the work of the press has been very largely limited to such bi-lingual editions as the missionaries have found necessary. There seems to be little likelihood of diminution in the medical work open to the missionary. Mrs. Sanders from Kamundongo reports 6,264 treatments in the period under review — truly a remarkable number in view of the fact that there has been no qualified doctor and no hospital in that station. The following quotation from the Bailundo report is graphic as it pictures the need: "Conditions are pathetic, so pathetic that they are best not lengthily described. The cooking of insects, weeds and herbs is now a native profession in nearly every outstation, to the undermining of health conditions and menacing of spiritual welfare.” Though there are six doctors in the Mission and the seventh is now in Portugal on the way, because of the isolation of the stations, permanent co-operative work is hardly possible. This is a serious hindrance to any medical development and must be overcome as transportation facilities increase. Only one hospital exists in the Mission and that can minister to a small territory alone because of the impregnable brush which separates it from the major portion of the field. The general growth of the missionary work has continued steadily for many years. During the past few years the additions to the per¬ sonnel of the Mission have been so inadequate that a serious situation has been produced in several of the stations. At Bailundo for example, the one male missionary feels that unless reinforcements soon arrive he will not be able to bear up under the heavy burden of responsibility. Over 250 new converts have been received into the church by this one ordained missionary during the past year, and over 800 applicants for membership press him for guidance and sympathy day and night. It 12 Missions in Africa is this spiritual call, the deep need of the people for soul-feeding that is the compelling opportunity of the field. It is thus expressed by Mr. Steed of the Chisamba station: “While school work is practically at a standstill in the outstation schools through lack of competent teachers who are able to secure the necessary license, the people are taking a deeper interest in the ‘sala’ or ‘prayer-hall.’ In five villages new halls are being constructed with the idea of group-worship, that is, a number of villages close together combining to make a central building in which to conduct services on Sunday afternoons. I am not sure that the seeming set-back in outstation school work is not going to be a blessing in disguise. It is tending in our area to bring into prominence again the really evangelistic work.” The other Africa fields must still be worked largely by the mission¬ aries directly. It is their own spoken word among the heathen that brings conversion. Among the Zulus, however, such progress has been made that today the emphasis is largely on the training of leaders. Some of these leaders are disappointing in their moral lapses or their petty jealousies and bickerings, but there are many heroes in the struggle with sin and darkness. Without these leaders the work in its diversified form and wide extent would be utterly impossible. The missionaries like faithful bishops, on motorcycle or in automobile, visit the churches from time to time, but the daily ministration is by the leaders trained in the mission schools. Some individual native leaders are outstanding for the work that they have been able to do. For example, Zakeu Likumbi is the tireless evangelist in Inhambane. The nearest missionary hundreds of miles away, this undaunted worker persists among many difficulties in supervising his district. Dr. Bridgman says: “On a donkey (not a motorcycle) he tries to care for forty stations and outstations with twenty-six paid evangelists under him. He pays salaries, settles difficult cases of discipline, even among the evangelists themselves, negotiates with other missions, and all this under the surveillance of an unfriendly government. Likumbi is doing wonders, but without a resident missionary, our work there is sooner or later headed for the rocks.” The centers of training for native leadership are the Amanzimtoti Institute and the Inanda school for girls. Amanzimtoti has this year been much flattered by the comments of government and other visitors. Perhaps no commendation of the work of the school is of more value than the words of Dr. Jesse Jones, the representative of the Phelps- Stokes Fund. He says “Amanzimtoti realizes the ideas of Hampton Missions in Africa 13 and Tuskegee more effectively than any institution which we saw in South Africa.” This is the more remarkable in view of the fact that the buildings are sadly dilapidated and utterly inadequate to meet the present need. Only about half of the students who desired to come to the school could be admitted on account of the lack of room. Among the departments of the Amanzimtoti school is the theological training class. The students in this class pursue their training for three years, and no new class begins till the former group has completed its work. The incoming class this year is rather notable for its strong character and representative nature. One of the members of this class was the heir to a chieftainship. He is thus described by Mr. Hicks: “At the death of his father, his mother was bewitched and killed. He escaped and fled to Johannesburg. Here he found work and through the effort of the missionaries was led into the Way, which is the only way. He returned home to find his elder brother chief in his stead. Although urged by his friends he refused to assert his rights, saying that he preferred to preach the Gospel of Peace to his people.” Such devotion and leadership count for very much after these young men are able to enter into the active service of the church. A pre-medical course given for the past two years has been completed and now the six students are entering upon their regular training at Durban. Dr. McCord in speaking of the medical department says: “All the energies of the medical department will be directed along the line of ryedical education and the practice of medicine will be carried on partly for the help of the natives, but very largely in order to secure funds and material for the support and teaching of the medical stu¬ dents.” The receipts of the hospital have more than covered expenses and thus the work is able to expand despite the strictures upon the financial resources of the Board. Despite the fact that in the native churches of the field there has been perhaps less advance in the way of accession of members than in other years, the new missionary is fired with enthusiasm as he enters the great task. Mr. Catlin after a year on the field says “It is a great life, this of a missionary, and there will be many more in it if they realize the opportunity for free unfettered development and the joy of seeing the power of the Gospel in its redemption of such people as these blacks of South Africa.” African Mission Institutions Educational and Social Adams: Amanzimtote Institute. (S. A.) 1853. Rev. Albert E. LeRoy, Principal. Enrolment in all departments and Practise Schools 515, boarders 174. Boys and girls are trained to earn a living; it is the Hampton of Natal. The Government helps support the depart¬ ments. At the Natal Native Industrial Exhibition last July the Insti¬ tute had fine exhibits of furniture made by the students. On last Armistice Day six student deputations started out to spend three days in the out-stations in community play, concerts, agriculture talks, kraal visitation, and Sunday school evangelistic meetings. The Agricultural Department has made steady progress during the year and the Government has increased its grant by 200 pounds. The Kindergarten, newly established, under Miss Anna Clark, received high praise from visitors and inspectors. The Normal School is a development of the Union Normal School which opened in 1909. En¬ rolment 115. Its splendid new Domestic Science Building is now in daily use, Miss Mae Tebbatts, Supervisor. Three large brick school- houses and smaller open air schoolhouses are used by the practise schools. A Pre-Medical Department was opened in 1920 with six pupils to prepare men for Dr. McCord’s Medical School. The Theological Department, opened in 1917, trains men coming from all parts of the field to become pastors and preachers. Enrolment 7. Adams: Amanzimtote Language School. Two native teachers have given their entire time to the work and Professor Cummings’ method is used with splendid results. Nine students the past year. Bailundo: Boarding School. (W. C. A.) Miss Janette E. Miller in charge. Boarders 88. Schools did not open in the regular way in September although there was a regular Bible course for three months. On Jan. 16th regular school was opened, 137 enrolled in the morning school and 48 boys of the fifth and sixth year rank were enrolled in the afternoon school; 12 of these and 3 girls from the morning school are recommended for Dondi next year. A Dry Season School with 70 men and boys was maintained for two months. They are to become the catechists and teachers of the outstations. 14 Missions in Africa 15 Chikore: Bible Training School. (S. A.) Has become a de¬ partment of the Mt. Silinda School. Chikore: Boarding Schools. Mr. Columbus C. Fuller in charge. Number of boarders 23 boys and 24 girls. Full enrolment 340. A very fine boys’ dormitory was erected last year. The highest class is Stand¬ ard II. The Industrial Department includes training in farm work, brick-making, wood work, gardening, sewing. Ireland Home cares for the girl boarders. Chisamba: Boarding Schools. (W. C. A.) Miss Diadem Bell is in charge of the Boys’ School with its 100 students, Miss Helen J. Melville is in charge of the Girls’ School with 70 students. Both schools are overcrowded. The Girls’ Compound has given a home to 21 girls who are too old to enter regular schools but are anxious to learn of God. Day Schools: The enrolment of day scholars in the South African Mission has been 6,228 the past year; in the West Central African Mission 12,354. In Durban there are 55 Primary Schools with an enrolment of 4,145; in six of them Intermediate Department work has been continued with an enrolment of 289. Six new out-station schools were opened in Rhodesia this year. All teachers are called into their central stations for bi-weekly conferences. The Director of Edu¬ cation commented on the thoroughness and uniformity of the organiza¬ tion of the schools, the smallness of the classes, the intelligent manner in which use was made by native teachers of the time tables, schemes of work, and teaching notes supplied by the head stations, and the high standard reached in the upper classes in the ordinary subjects. Dondi: Currie Institute. (W. C. A.). Rev. John T. Tucker, Director. Enrolment 150. Founded in 1914 and named for Rev. W. T. Currie, the first missionary to West Africa. The plant occupies about 10,000 acres. The Institute takes advanced students from the other stations and gives them more specialized training along various lines. Agricultural Department: Rev. William C. Bell in charge. The students work on the farm or the construction of buildings about 25 hours a week. This meets the cost of food and makes possible their coming at all. The Industrial Department was in charge of Major Swaddling. There are trade classes in carpentry and masonry. The 16 Missions in Africa student labor is similar to the apprenticeship form of learning and the theory of the subjects is explained and discussed in classes. Dondi: Means Training School. Founded 1916. MissLeonaV. Stukey, Principal until May 1922. Enrolment 52. The junior and senior girls have practice in teaching in the Practice School of 46 village girls. A course in schoolroom methods and management is given. There are sewing and basketry classes and the girls raise a. large proportion of their food on the school farm. Inanda Seminary: Founded 1869 by Mrs. Mary K. Edwards, f rst missionary of the W. B. M. and still on the field after more than 50 years of continuous service. Miss Evelyn Clarke, Principal. En¬ rolment 195. A second year of high school has been added and a third year industrial. The great event of the year was the opening of Phelps Hall, April 15th, 1922. The new dining room will accommodate 300. Special emphasis is laid in this school on industrial work: — laundry, housework, gardening, dress-making. Kamundongo: Boarding Schools. (W. C. A.) Mrs. W. A. Sanders in charge. In the main school 134 were enrolled. The Girls’ Boarding School, with 25 pupils has been self-supporting as far as food was concerned. The Boys’ Boarding School has ranged between 60 and 70. The spirit of the young fellows has been better than last year. The Childrens’ School had 31 pupils. Mt. Silinda Training and Practising School. (S. A.) Miss. C. A. Van Heerden, Principal. Enrolment 335. Boarders 130, of which 48 are girls. The Bible Training School of Chikore (1908) has become a department of this school. Four attended with great regular¬ ity last year. Only students who are pledged as volunteers to complete a 3 years’ course for evangelists or 4 years’ course for pastors are ad- rhitted. The Industrial Department built a barn and granary, 2 boys’ dormitories, a wagon shed and shed over the horse tank; 32 boys were training in carpenter’s shop; 420 pounds worth of furniture was sold; 40,000 board feet of timber were cut, 13,350 running feet of flooring cut and matched; 37,000 tiles were made and 600 bags of grain ground. The Kindergarten averages 30 pupils. The Teachers’ Training Class numbers 20. The Government grants last year were nearly four times what they were four years ago. Missions in Africa 17 Ochileso: Boarding Schools. (W. C. A.) Rev. Henry A. Neipp in charge. Enrolment in Boys’ School 60. There has been no board¬ ing school for girls during the past year. The need of dormitories is imperative. Industrial work is emphasized here and Ochileso iron ore gives a chance to train boys in the iron industry. Time has also been given to developing the social and athletic life of the boys. Publications: The press at Kamundongo, having printed under Mrs. Sanders’ supervision 282,522 pages of books sorely needed by the schools, was transferred to Dondi. For the present it is restricted to the issue of such bi-lingual books as may be produced in the mission. At Durban a revised Pastors’ Handbook has been put through the press, and work is progressing on the preparation of a Revised Bible and on the Proceedings of the General Conference. Sachikela: Boarding Schools. (W. C. A.) Miss Elizabeth B. Campbell in charge. Enrolment 114 boys, 42 girls. Kindergarten 42. Catechumen class of 41. The attendance has been well sustained throughout the year. In the industrial department a corn-crib, 6-room osila and drying shed have been built, new draining ditches have been dug, and new land cleared. The girls do field work also and attend basketry and dressmaking classes. Twenty-five girls made public confession of faith during the Week of Prayer. Social Service: In Durban 6 night schools are operating with an attendance of 350. Of these the Bible class at Montpelier Road is a school of special promise and a means of leading boys to church mem¬ bership. In the Native Women’s Hostel, Mrs. Charles H. Maxwell, Supervisor, a weekly service is held. There is promise of a new hostel this year. In the Central Gaol two weekly services are held and many visits made. In Johannesburg Rev. Ray E. Phillips is Super¬ visor of the Social Service work. The gold mines bring young men from all the territory between the eastern and western coasts and from 1000 miles north and south. They are beset by fierce temptations in the barracks where they are herded. To meet this situation the Bantu Men’s Social Center has been projected, with a splendid building, under the co-operative management of the Mission, the Government, and wealthy foreigners of the city. This has followed work by the Mission along the lines of night schools and wholesome amusement. Photoplays are shown at the mine compounds, the South African Rail- 18 Missions in Africa way compounds, at 2 hospitals and in the slums. The Chamber of Mines met expenses of installation along 60 miles of the Reef and meets the running expenses; the selection of the pictures and the oversight of the work is left to the Mission. A Boy Scout organization and a Help¬ ing Hand Club for girls have carried on work among the young. The wholesome effect of these influences has been made manifest during the recent troublous times in Johannesburg caused by the strike of the white mine workers. At Umzumbe Mrs. Cowles has conducted a night school for 50 little herder boys in the old Umzumbe Home build¬ ing; also a Pathfinder Club for boys, a Christian Endeavor Society for girls and summer camps for boys and girls. MEDICAL Chikore: Dispensary. (S. A.) The work has been heavier than for some years. There have been 33 white cases, 2,890 native, repeats 1,894 — a total of 4,817 treatments. Chisamba: Hospital. (W. C. A.) Dr. Reuben S. Hall, Phy¬ sician. In the 6 months after his arrival in 1921 he treated 9,128 cases and erected a building to accommodate 35 patients. ■ Durban: Mission Hospital. (S. A.) Dr. James B. McCord, Physician in charge. In-patients 320; total number of patients in hospital and dispensary 4,260. 86 operations. Five medical tours were made by motor car and 270 patients seen. A training class for 11 nurses came under Government grant in October. Demonstrations of their work was given at the Natal Native Industrial Exhibit last July. A class for training native physicians is being started. Gogoyo: Dispensary. (S. A.) Dr. William T. Lawrence in charge. Number of treatments 1,500. Some serious cases sent to M t. Silinda. Kamundongo: Dispensary. (W. C. A.) Dr. Henry S. Hollen¬ beck in charge. Number of treatments 6,264. Mt. Silinda: Hospital (S. A.) Dr. W. L. Thompson in charge. This was closed for some time for lack of a nurse, but one was on the Missions in Africa 19 way when the report was written. In the dispensary over 2,503 patients were treated; the treatments totalled 5,160. Ochileso: Dispensary. (W. C. A.) Number of treatments 2,000. Sachikela: Dispensary. (W. C. A.) Drs. William and Libbie Cainmack in charge. Some 19,000 cases treated. STATISTICAL SUMMARY FOR AFRICA Stations 29; outstations 361. Population of the field 671,800. The missionary force includes 25 ordained men; 17 unordained; 38 wives 25 single women, making a total of 105; associate workers, 19. The native force consists of 15 ordained preachers; 310 unordained preachers; 35 men teachers; 20 women teachers, making the total number of teachers 471. Other workers, 935; a grand total of 1,623. There are 548 places of regular meeting; 35 organized churches of which 22 are self supporting. Communicants 7,757, of whom 833 were added during the past year. The total constit¬ uency is over 71,887. Sunday schools, 103 with a membership of 5,685; 4 training schools; with 150 pupils; 12 secondary schools with 18,079 pupils; 3 kindergartens with 102 pupils. The schools of all grades number 263, and the total under instruction is 19,527. The native contributions show for Christian work, $8,186; for education $20,889; for other purposes $1,260; total gifts, $30,335. The medical work is carried on in three hospitals and 8 dispensaries giving 33,179 treatments. The total pages printed number 6,167,145. - • **