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 11 
 
 
•-f'^PWI»f-»ffl*^!li!^^ ^ 
 
 ClartniJon ^nss Saiis 
 
 AESCHYLUS 
 
 AGAMEMNON 
 
 JVITII INTRODUCTION AND NOTES 
 
 l:Y 
 
 A. SIDGWICK, M.A. 
 
 I'elhw nnd Tutor of Corpus Christi Collcf^c, Oxfotii 
 Late FellcTM of Trinity Collcgx* Cnmlridj^e, and Assistant Mnsft-r of 
 
 Rugby Sdwol 
 
 Second Edition, Bevised 
 
 AT TIJE CLARENDON PRESS 
 1884 
 
 [ /<// rights reserved j 
 
Honiron 
 
 HENRY FROWDE 
 
 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE 
 
 AMKN COUNKU 
 
 Ik 
 
 PREFACl!. 
 
 The difficulty of editing Aeschylus' Agamemnon for 
 schools is due to the fact that the play is in many ways too 
 hard for school-boys, though it will always continue, and 
 rightly continue, to be read at school for the sake of its in- 
 comparable grandeur and beauty. F'or example, much of the 
 difficulty of the Agamemnon is owing to the corruptness of 
 the MSS. ; and while it is imj)ossil)le in editing it to put aside 
 discussion of the text, it is not desirable with beginners to 
 enter much into such points, nor even with more advanced 
 students, except to a limited extent. At the same time the 
 better boys in the Upper Form of a public school ought to 
 be taught the elements of text criticism ; — and the Agamem- 
 non is not at all a bad play for the purpose. 
 
 Under these circumstances 1 have thought it best to give 
 all the important 1\IS. variations in the text, and to give 
 reasons in the notes for the readings adopted. The teacher 
 can use this as much or as little as he likes. 
 
 The mass of literature on the Agamemnon is so great that 
 it is almost impossible to mention all one's obligations. The 
 list of editors and emendators consulted or quoted is given 
 at page xxi ; but I may add that 1 have studied, more fully 
 than the rest, the editions of Dindorf, Palcy, Schneidcwin, 
 Enger, Hermann, and Kennedy : and that to all 1 owe much, 
 Chpecially to Enger Tor inter})retation, and Hermann for text. 
 Besi(Jes these 1 have tried to master the main contributions 
 of Schiitz, Weil, Wellauer, Klausen, Hartung, Karsten, Scho- 
 mann, and Madvig. Hartung, Karsten, and Schomann are all 
 
 
IV 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 very ingenious and suggestive, especially Hartung : and all 
 too much given to emendation. Madvig. though I believe he 
 has got the right reading in one har<l j.assage by a brilliant 
 conjecture (,228), is not usually happy in his suggestions 
 in this play". 
 
 I also owe not a little to suggestions in casual papers • 
 amongst which I must mention Zcyss on the religious ideas 
 of Aeschylus, GOtlingen 1829, Professor Campbell's paper 
 in the American Journal of Philology, Dec. 1880, and Pro- 
 fessor Goodwin's paper on Agamemnon, read before the 
 American Philological Association, 1877, the last two kindly 
 sent me by the authors. 
 
 In the Introduction and Notes I have mostly abandoned 
 the meaningless custom of writing the Greek names accord- 
 ing to thc.r Latin corruptions. I ,,crhaps ought to apologise 
 for not having done this completely : but some names are so 
 naturalised In their Latin dress that I have not changed them. 
 
 O.XFORD, 1 88 1. 
 
 NOTE TO SrXOND EDITION. 
 
 In issuing this revised edition, I wish to express my 
 thanks to several friends and critics for .suggestions 
 especially to Mr. H. A. J. Munro, whose remarks have 
 modified my view of one or two passages : al.so to Mr 
 K. S. Slmckburgh, Mr. K. D. A. Morshead, and Professor 
 Mahaffy. Mr. Margoliouth's Agamemnon, unfortunately 
 for me, did not appear in time for me to make any use 
 of it in preparing this edition. 
 
 It IS astonishing to find some of the best foreign editors dispLiyinir 
 imperfect acquaintance with the iambic metre. I have observed seven 
 
 schou'l^'^K'" ?r°"^ emendations confidently put forth by eminent 
 scholars. Lven the great Madvig propounds a crctic. 
 
 CONTENTS, 
 
 Introduction 
 
 l-AOX 
 
 t • 
 
 VII 
 
 The Oresteia 
 
 • • 
 
 vu 
 
 Story and Plot of Agamemnon . 
 
 vlii 
 
 Earlier versions of the Story . 
 
 • • • 
 VIII 
 
 MoDii ic:ations ok the Skjrv 
 
 X 
 
 The Drama of the Agamemnon . 
 
 xi 
 
 The ISIoral and Religious Ideas . 
 
 XIll 
 
 The Characters 
 
 xiv 
 
 The Choric Songs 
 
 xvii 
 
 The IManuscrip'i^ 
 
 xix 
 
 'I'HE Editions 
 
 xxi 
 
 The Text ... ... 
 
 xxii 
 
 Translations 
 
 • If « 
 
 XXll! 
 
 Text .... 
 
 I 
 
 ^ Notes 
 
 . . 63 
 
 Appendices and Indices .... 
 
 140 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The Oresteia. 
 
 The Agamemnon is one of a set of three plays vvliich all dealt 
 with the same story, each constituting as it were one act of 
 a great drama. Such sets were called trilogies, and according to 
 the ordinary theory were acted on the same occasion, and were 
 usually followed by a fourth play of a lighter cast (called Satyric 
 dramas, from the Satyr or attendant of Dionysos, which originally 
 was a leading i)art in it) : the whole four being called a tetralogy. 
 The subject of the Satyric play in this instance is traditionally 
 recorded to have been * Proteus.' Considerable doubt has been 
 thrown upon this theory of trilogies or tetralogies ; but it is at 
 least clear that the three plays in this case were all composed by 
 the poet with reference to each other. The Agamemnon relates 
 the return and murder of the king (the Crime) ; in the second 
 play, the Chocphoroe, Orestes comes back and slays his mother 
 Klytaemnestra (the Vengeance) ; while in the third, the Eume- 
 nides, the matricide is released from the furies who have pur- 
 sued him, and acquitted by divine interposition before the 
 Areiopagos at Athens (the Reconciliation). About the Proteus 
 we know nothing^ 
 
 The date of the Agamemnon is given as IX. 458, and the poet 
 
 won the first prize. 
 
 The presumable divisi<m of parts Is as follows in the Aga- 
 memnon : — 
 
 Chief actor or Protagonist: Klytaemnestra. 
 
 Second actor or Deuteragonist: Kassandra. 
 
 Third actor or Tritagonist : Agamemnon. 
 
 AVatchman, Herald, Aegisthos, divided among the others. 
 
 Chorus of Argive elders. 
 
 * Except three fragmentary lines and a few words, preserved by gram- 
 marians and scholiasts, and printed among the fragments of Aeschylus. 
 
■»WI*»*»"S««l«t 
 
 "ifP i 
 
 mm wMniw [■MMWiPwiiwif 
 
 Vlll 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The Story and the Plot of the Agamemnon. 
 The story is the return and nunder of Agamemnon by Kly- 
 tacmncstra liis wife, aided by lier lover Aegisthos ; Agamemnon 
 IS accompanied by a captive, the princess and prophetess Kas- 
 sandra, and slie is nmrdered by the same liands at the same time. 
 I he story is as old as Homer, and Aesciiyius gives it, as will be 
 seen below, with some dillcrences. 
 
 The action of the play in detail is as follows :— 
 Agamemnon has been absent for ten years at Troy. Meanwhile 
 his wite Klytaemnestra has been ruling Argos (not IMykenac, sec 
 note on hue i), in conjunction with her lover Aegisthos. The 
 news oi the capture of Troy is daily expected, and the play opens 
 witii tlic appearance of the night-watchman on the roof, waiting 
 (as he has been for a year past) for the beacon fire which is to 
 announce the victory. While the watchman is complaining of 
 us troubles, the llame ll.ishcs out, and he goes to tell his mistress 
 (1 rologue). The chorus enter and sing; meanwhile the queen 
 comes out, and is seen lighting the altar fires and preparing for a 
 cstal display in honour of the event. The leader of the chorus 
 learns from her the tidings, and after describing the beacon-race, 
 she imagines the scene in Troy, and expresses a hope that all will 
 , end well (Scene i). After another choric song the Herald appears, 
 who describes, first, the sufTcrings before Troy, and, finally, the 
 storm which scattered the fieet ; the queen sends by him a 
 welcometo her lord (Scene 2). In Scene 3 Agamemnon returns, 
 with Kassandra ; Klytaemnestra greets her lord, and persuades 
 him to step into the palace over puri)lc cari)ets. In Scene 4 the 
 queen orders in Kassandra, but as the proi)hetess sits mute and 
 disregards her, she retires. Kassandra then delivers herself of 
 her visions, and announces the murder of the king and of herself 
 rhe groans are heard behind the scenes ; the doors open, and 
 Klytaemnestra is seen with the dead. She justifies her deed, and 
 afterward Aegisthos comes forth and exults; and just as the Argives 
 are about to assail him, the queen steps in and stays the tumult. 
 
 Earlier Versions of the Story. 
 
 The earliest version of the story must be gathered from the 
 lollowing passages in Homer* :— 
 
 * Quoted from the beautiful translation by Butcher and Lang. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 IX 
 
 (i) Od. i. 35. * Even as of late Aegisthos, beyond that which 
 was ordained, took to him the wedded wife of Atreides, and killed 
 her lord on his return, and that with sheer doom before his eyes, 
 since we [the gods, Zeus is speaking] had warned him by the 
 mouth of Hermes . . . that he should neither kill the map nor 
 woo his wife. For from Orestes shall there be vengeance for 
 Atreides so soon as he shall come to man's estate and long for his 
 own country. So spake Hermes, yet he prevailed not on the 
 heart of Aegisthos.' 
 
 (2) Od. iii. 263. '[Aegisthos] living in peace in the heart of 
 Argos . . . spake oftentimes to the wile of Agamemnon and 
 tempted her. Verily at the first she would none of the foul deed, 
 the fair Klytaemnestra, for she had a good understanding. 
 Moreover there was with her a minstrel, whom the son of 
 Atreus straitly charged as he went to Troy to liave a care of 
 1iis wife. But when at last the doom of the gods bound her to 
 her ruin, then did Aegisthos carry the minstrel to a lonely isle, 
 and left him there to be the prey and spoil of birds ; while, as 
 for her, he led her to his house, a willing lover with a willing 
 
 lady [304] and for seven years he ruled over Mykenae, 
 
 rich in gold, after he slew the son of Atreus, and the people were 
 subdued unto him. But in the eighth year came upon him goodly 
 Orestes back froiTj Athens to be his bane, and slew the slayer 
 of his father.* 
 
 (3) Od. iv. 521. * Then verily did Agamemnon set forth with 
 joy upon his country's soil, .... and the watchman spied him 
 from his tower, whom crafty Aegisthos had led and posted there, 
 promising him for a reward two talents of gold. Now he kept 
 watch for a year, lest Agamemnon should pass by him when he 
 looked not, and mind him of liis wild prowess. So he went to 
 the house to bear the tidings to the shepherd of the people. 
 And straightway Aegisthos contrived a cunning treason. He 
 chose out twenty of the best men in the township, and set an 
 ambush, and on the further side of the hall he bade prepare a 
 feast. Then with chajiot and horses he went to bid to the feast 
 Agamemnon, shepherd of the people : but caitiff thoughts were 
 in his heart. He brought him up to his house all unwitting of his 
 doom, and when he had feasted him, slew him, as one slayeth an ox 
 at the stall. And none of the company of Atreides were left, nor 
 any of the men of Aegisthos, but they were all killed in the halls.' 
 
 fclaSmh A?iij<jradih|f|i^|gtflil *l 
 
X 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 (4) Od. xi. 409. [Shade of Agamemnon speaks.] 'Aegisthos 
 slew me, with the aid of my accursed wife .... after he had 
 bidden me to his house .... Even so I died, and round me my 
 company likewise were slain without ceasing .... And most 
 pitiful of all, I heard the voice of the daughter of Priam, of 
 Kassandra, whom the traitorous Kiytacmucstra slew hard by 
 me ; but as for mc, as I strove to raise my hands I dropi)cd them 
 
 to the earth as I lay dying Naught is more shameless than 
 
 a woman who imagines such evil in her heart, even as she too 
 planned a foul deed, fashioning death for her gentle lord.' 
 
 Modifications of the Story. 
 
 It will be seen not only that the talc, as Aeschylus gives it, is 
 diflbrcnt in many particulars from the Homeric story, but also 
 that in the different passages of the Odyssey didbrent versions 
 seem to have been current or at least it is possible to trace a 
 development of the mythus. 
 
 In Homer it is Aegisthos who does the murder, cither alone, as 
 (i) seems to imply, or by an ambuscade, as (3) tells us. Also 
 Aegisthos is not in Agamemnon's palace : he took Klytaemnestra 
 to his own house (2) : and there entertained the king (3), and there 
 murdered him. Aegisthos' motive is not mentioned, but seems 
 to be mere ambition. 
 
 Klytaemnestra in (i), (2), and (3) is not said to have had any- 
 thing to do with the murder, but is only described as unfaithful : 
 while in (4) she * planned the foul deed,' and 'aided' the 
 murderer, and herself killed Kassandra. 
 
 Thc'vi'mstrel' who watched over the wife appears in (2) only 
 and is nowhere else alluded to. 
 Kassandra appears only in (4). 
 
 In Aeschylus ylcgisthos is only secondary in the murder: he is 
 ' a recreant lion wallowing in the couch.' The motive which he 
 alleges is vengeance, arising out of family feuds. 
 
 Klytaemnestra is the IcaiUng agent: she is the iwbp6^uvUv K^'af) 
 who devises and executes : and her motive too is vengeance for 
 her child's death, with a touch of jealousy for Kassandra. Of a 
 feast or ambuscade Aeschylus knows nothing : the king is muflled 
 in a cloak and stabbed in a bath. And there is no battle of 
 attendants. 
 
 INTRODUCTION, 
 
 XI 
 
 The Watchman in Aeschylus, though, like the Homeric guard 
 in (3), *he has watched for a year,' is not a spy of Aegisthos 
 watching to catch Agamemnon, but a loyal servant* who grieves 
 over the disorders of the house, is watching for the heacon^ and is 
 overjoyed at the thought of seeing his master. And the murder 
 takes place in the palace of Agamcinnon. 
 
 Besides these there arc minor modifications of the story. The 
 confusion of Argos and INIykcnae is mentioned in notes on line i. 
 In Homer too Menelaos'^ is king of Sparta and has nothing to do 
 with the Agamemnon tale : in Aeschylus he is clearly joint-king 
 of Argos with Agamemnon (42 sq(|.). The chorus incpiire for 
 him, and call him * loved ruler of the land ' (619). The two are 
 * one in heart,' a ' two-throned power of the Achaioi ' (109), and 
 live in the same palace, called fi«)/ioc *AT/)fi^«i' (400)- This 
 accounts for the anxious in(iuiry of the chorus (617), and the re- 
 assurance given by the herald (675) about Mcnelaos, 
 
 ^7 
 
 The Drama of the Agamemnon. 
 
 How far Aeschylus was following current modifications in the 
 story, and how far he himself modified the tradition for dramatic 
 purposes, we cannot fully tell : nor is the subject one of great 
 importance. It is of far greater interest to notice briefly some 
 of the points that contribute to the extraordinary imprcssivcness 
 of the poem as a wcrk of art and as a drama. 
 
 Of Aeschylus' style it is not necessary to say much : every 
 reader will feel its beauty and power. The principal charac- 
 teristics of it are obviously its dignity, its strength, and the bold- 
 ness and wealth of its imagery ^ : and though there are passages in 
 the Agamemnon which are bare, even in bareness it is grand; 
 and on the other hand there arc passages which for tenderness 
 and pathos and pure poetic beauty arc unmatched even in Greek. 
 
 ' This explains n curious note at the Ijcf'inninf^ of the Mcdiccan 
 manuscript, Oipaitcuv 'A.yafiifjLVovoi, oiix " i"""^ W-yiaOov raxOu^. 
 
 ' This is remarked by Prof. CarapbcU in American journal of Phil., 
 Dec. 1880. 
 
 ' Thus he speaks of ' the beard of fire/ ' war the gold-merchant,' a 
 hurricane as 'an evil shepherd,' the sea * flowering with dead,* a lion 
 Uhe Priest of Ruin,' ' the net of death/ * the mixing bowl of wrath,' ' the 
 raging Dam of Hades/ hope ' treading the halls of Fear/ 
 
Xll 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Hnl . ^^'<^';'P''°"' °f Iphigcncia in the first chorus, of 
 Helen m tlie second, and the wliolc scene with Knssandra We 
 have, too much relief in the variety of the characters; and even 
 a touch o humour here and there, as in tlie helplessness of he 
 
 .1.e'Sf " " '""'■'"■ ■' •■'"'' "" ■■••">• ^■""•■'-"•-'■- ''''^'■" °f 
 
 Another pointls the marvellous power of conception shown in 
 the two lead,„g l,gures, Klytaen.nestra and Kassandra, as is more 
 fully developed below in treating of the characters (p. xiv). 
 
 But the effect of the play is largely due to another clement 
 wh.ch ,sqn,te uulependcnt of the grandeur of the style, a^ the 
 power of presentM.g character. And this clement is vhat we 
 may call the moralising of the plot. In Homer we have mere y 
 a tale of savage ambition and crime. In Aeschylus we have a 
 house tamted with dreadful wickedness in the past oW sin 
 Jeadn,g to new sin, and that to further retribution, till the fami v 
 eems haunted by a terrible fate of bloodshed. Accor^linTto 
 
 roZ n '■ ''';'."' =""' ''''''"''''' '"' »""=' ^'^^' 'heir step- 
 
 brother Chrys.ppos : Thyestes seduced his brother's wife Aerope 
 Atrcus served up the slain children of Thyestes for their (Tor 
 
 on AeeiCtW ' 'T ^7.^'""°" •^■''"'•^'■ed Thyestes and his third 
 ion Aegisthos, and slew his own daughter Iphigencia. Aeschylus 
 on y menfons the last three of these crimes': but the bloody 
 past IS present m h.s thoughts. And what gives the play its 
 overwhelnnng effect is the feeling, ever growing, of th ' D^t 
 horror and impending retribution. The ' House know t ' m' nj 
 d eds of blood : • and the Avenger is always waiting. The jus ice 
 of the gods may be slow, but it is sure. ne justice 
 
 This feeling is chiedy aroused and maintained by the clioric 
 songs, winch will be found analysed below, p. xvii. Vo ^ by t c 
 necess,t,es of the case, it is the chorus who have to hint le 
 bloodgu,Itn,ess of the king. The queen, who is to avenge e 
 deed, cannot charge hin, with it. since, in order to execule her 
 l>lot, she nuist maintain the mask of love and faithfulness \ And 
 
 ihl P,"™''--''^' '»;'"<=™ the decisiveness of the heroic personages and 
 
 ^ Kngcr, IVcfacc to Agamemnon. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Xlll 
 
 accordingly these choric songs arc not merely splendid lyric 
 poems, they arc also as it were the voice of the general con- 
 science sadly foreboding inevitable doom. In the eloquent words 
 [of a French critic M * The idea of impending chastisement is 
 incessantly repeated; it mingles with the joy of victory; a dark 
 cloud, big with the storm, covets the glinniiy seme; till tho 
 dream, so wearing and so Icnible, lillcd with visions so Icarlul 
 and mysterious, ends with a peal of thunder.' 
 
 The Moral and Religious Idkas. 
 
 The leading religious and moral ideas of Aeschylus, as they 
 appear in the Agamemnon, can be summarised in a few sen- 
 tences. 
 
 There is unquestioning faith in the gods: impiety, to 5u(rcrf/3c£, 
 is the worst of sins (760). The gods are all powerful : Zeus 
 is beyond compare (162), the cause of all and the doer of all 
 (1485). The gods regard men's actions (370), punish trans- 
 gression (59), avenge bloodshed (461), though the retribution 
 i may linger (564). 
 
 The leading idea of the gods is their power : human sin comes 
 from resisting or defying this power, vfipn (765). The gods are 
 also just: but the justice is a form of their power; it is the 
 humbling of the proud. So wealth is no defence to the wicked 
 (381), and virtue is found among men in humble dwellings (772). 
 
 The cruder idea that God resents mere prosperity, he rejects 
 (755) • misery always comes from sin (760). Yet prosperity is 
 dangerous, as it engenders pride (372): mortals are insatiate of 
 wealth (1002, 1 331) and so come to ill. For human well-being 
 is precarious: * Disease is behind the party-wall,* and there is 
 always * the hidden reef (1002-5), The thunderbolt strikes the 
 famous (470). 
 
 Man then who has sinned cannot escape : the doer must 
 suffer ' (1564). And in this way God teaches man: * wisdom 
 comes by suffering ' (177). 
 
 ^ Aeschylus feels strongly the mysteriousncss of human fate and 
 the helplessness of man. Though the gods are omnipotent and just, 
 yet this justice acts inscrutably. Agamemnon was bidden to slay 
 his child, and had to obey (206): yet it was a crime (219-221), 
 
 * Patin, jfctude sur Eschyle. 
 
XIV 
 
 INTRODUCTION, 
 
 ' and produced 'terrible wrath,' rising again (154). It was to the 
 king 'the collar of necessity* (218). In this way there is a fate 
 an avenger, established in the house (1481, 1507), the house is 
 * close welded to ruin ' (1565). The refrain of human life is the 
 prayer, ' Woe : but let good prevail,' which recurs in the first 
 chorus :^ and the conclusion of the whole matter is * it is hard to 
 discern,' ditrfia^^a *Vti Kfuvtu (1561). 
 
 The Characters. 
 
 Klytaemnestra. The character of Klytacmnestra is given 
 with a masterly force and ellect in every stroke. There are no 
 fine shades about the drawing, as there are none in the concep- 
 tion. She is the impersonation of the tyrannic self-will, wronged 
 and angered, and turned to vengeance. She is Homer's oi\ou^^ 
 t-iXoxo,, *an accursed wife:' pitiless, and contemptuous, and un- 
 nnpassioncd, but resolutely bent on revenge, and concentrating 
 her whole 1 itanic force upon it without misgiving'. There is no 
 womanly passion in her, and no trace of weakness. The murder 
 she is bent on is in revenge for her slain child, but we hear 
 scarcely a word of love ^ for Iphigeneia from her lips: the lovely 
 description of the maiden in her father's halls is from the mouth 
 of the chorus ; but the mother scarcely mentions her save in the 
 climax of her bitter triumph, when with dreadful irony she 
 pictures her welcoming her sire in Hades (1555). She is an 
 adulteress, but there is no love for her paramour ; her unfaithful- 
 ness is merely a form of her vengeance : hatred of her husband is 
 the motive of it, not love of Aegisthos. She is crafty, but hers is 
 the craft of a strong and not a weak nature : it is only the need- 
 ful means to carry out her purpose completely, and the moment 
 the need is over, the mask is scornfully flung aside. 
 
 Let us briefly trace her attitude through the play. 
 
 In scene 2 she enters (264) in apparent triumph : but of coui-se 
 the joy is not over the fall of Troy, it is merely grim delight in 
 the coming vengeance. There is irony in her flrst word ivay 
 
 * One Icadin^r difference ])ctvvccn Klytacmnestra .ind her great rival 
 I^dy Macbeth hes in the ditTerencc of the efl-ect of the crime upon the 
 two. Klytaemnestra is unshaken : Lady Macbeth is broken by it 
 
 She does call her <pi\rdrr]y Ifxol ijhlva : but this is in a passing jus. 
 tification, and is not really dwelt on by the poet. 
 
 INTRODUCTION, 
 
 XV 
 
 ye\os. There is a savage force in her long description of the 
 beacons (281), and the state of Troy (320): she is acting a part 
 all through. And there is a deep irony in her hope (347) 'that 
 no evil desire might bring woe on the host : old ills might wake ! ' 
 In scene 3 she scornfully banters the chorus (590) for having 
 doubted her report : and she ends with the terrible prayer, ' May 
 he find a faithful wife, ay, even as he left her* (606). 
 
 In scene 4, when she meets her returning husband, she keeps up 
 unflinchingly the part she is acting. She poses audaciously as the 
 chaste matron who does not speak of her wifely love before 
 others (856) : laments the loneliness of her lot in her lord's 
 absence (861): half withdraws the mask to jest about the re- 
 ported wounds of Agamemnon (868), then enlarges on her tears 
 and watchings (888) : and describes her joy at his return in 
 fulsome images (896). This masterly speech ends with the 
 thrilling line *That justice may lead him to an unlooked for 
 home,* and an ambiguous promise that she will 'order aright 
 what is fated' (910-12). 
 
 Then follows the eflectivc irony of Agamenmon entering ' the 
 human slaughter-house * over purple carpets. 
 
 After the next chorus she has a short scene (sc. 5) with the 
 speechless Kassandra, showing herself as the contemptuous and 
 pitiless tyrant (1055-1068). 
 
 In scene 6 the deed Is done and she boasts of it, * 1 stand where 
 I struck the blow: the deed is done.* \Vc obser\'e her grim 
 talk of decorum (!), which prevents her from pouring libations of 
 triumph (1395), her total disregard of the opinions others have 
 of her act, * the blame or praise is all one to mc' (1403), and 
 her bitter triumph over Kassandra (1440). savouring character- 
 istically far more of contempt than of jealousy. 
 
 In the KOfjifini her cold irony and hardness reaches a climax. 
 She calls herself the Avenger of the House (1500): vents the 
 fearful sarcasm about Iphigeneia mentioned above (1555)* and 
 ends with a calm resolve, as though she were the victim and not 
 the criminal, to 'bear her troubles' and a wish for *a quiet life 
 and a humble competence !' (1574). 
 
 In the last scene, true to herself, she just interposes at the end 
 to stop the brawling between Aegisthos and the Chorus : * We 
 have had enough of trouble,' and to lead off her lover, bidding 
 him not mind * the vain bowlings ' of the Chorus. 
 
XVI 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Kassandra. Kassaiuira is not strictly speaking a study of 
 character at all : the interest comes from her situation, and the 
 extraordinary picturesqueness and impressivcness of the figure slie 
 presents. If the object of tragedy is to arouse ' pity and terror ' 
 there is no more supremely tragic figure than Kassandra in ail 
 the Greek drama. 
 
 She comes on, silent and wild-glancing (* like a ncw-caught 
 beast,' 1063) in the car of Agamemnon. She is a princess a 
 prophetess, and a captive. She sits motionless on the stage 
 during the long scene between Agamemnon and Klytaemnestra 
 (810-974), and the choric song (975-1034), and hears the queen's 
 reiterated scornful commands without a word of answer. When 
 Klytaenmestra is gone, she replies to the kind and pitying tones 
 of the chorus first with wild exclamations, then with cries of 
 horror, growing slowly more articulate and clear, against the 
 crime-defiled house before her. Then the past deeds of blood 
 rise before her in visions each more startling than the last, till 
 the climax is reached in the terrible Xhoh Ibov' rme^e r'n^ ^06, rbu 
 ravpov (1125) : after which she passes into tender and sad laments 
 of her own fate. Then she sinks from the excited lyric doch- 
 miacs to * clear prophecy ' in the ordinary iambic metre, broken 
 by two spasms of inspiration. Next follows the splendid soliloquy 
 (1255), when she hurls to the ground the badges of her pro- 
 phetic oflice, the sacred staff and chaplets; and finally, after one 
 more prophecy of the Retribution of Orestes, she utters the 
 saddest of all laments over human destiny — 
 
 ' Alas for mortal lot ! when prosperous 
 'tis but a sketch I and if misfortune comes, 
 the wcl sponge with its tiuich blots out the drawing; ' 
 
 and so passes under the blood-stained portal to her death. 
 
 Agamemnon. Though the king gives his name to the play, 
 and though he is in one sense the central figure, he only appears 
 in one^short scene. But that suffices for the poet's purpose. 
 Agamemnon is the victorious heroic monarch, returning in 
 triumph to the house which is to be 'a human slaughter-house:' 
 and all that is wanted is what we have, the stately procession 
 the thanksgiving, the greeting interchanged with his wife, the 
 natural Greek misgiving at the needless waste and display of the 
 purple tapestries, and the royal graciousness with which after a 
 
 INTRODUCTION, 
 
 xvn 
 
 brief resistance he gives way to Klytaemncstra's wish. The 
 irony of the situation is brought fully out ; even down to the 
 minor touches, such as his bitter words about false friends (837) 
 when lie is thinking of the Greeks before Troy, and ignorant of 
 the faithlessness of his wife: and again the almost pathetic 
 futility of his pious catition in taking oil his shoes (945), wlicn at 
 last he agrees to tread the purple. 
 
 Aegisthos is but the * recreant lion wallowing in the couch * 
 (1224), or again, 'the wolf that mated with the honess' (1259), 
 as Kassandra calls him : or, in the rough vernacular of the chorus, * 
 'a cock proud before his hen ' (1671). He simply comes on to 
 tell the tale of blood (1577), and to boast the deed he has not 
 dared to do. He is an effective foil to the queen ; especially at 
 the very end, where Acgistl.os blusters and threatens the chorus, 
 whom Klytaemnestra treats with cold and distant scorn. * Garc 
 not for the vain howls of these men : thou and 1 will rule the 
 house and order it well.' In his case, as in the queen's, ven- 
 geance is given as the motive for his plot. 
 
 The Watchman forms an efiective opening to the play, with 
 the contrast between the rough and almost humorous homeliness 
 , of his speech and the terrible drama that impends : but enough is 
 said of him in the notes, see 17. 
 
 The Herald performs the usual office of the ayycXor, varying 
 the drama with a fine description of the shipwreck (r.50). His 
 appearance also serves to heighten the suspense and darken the 
 forebodings. 
 
 The Ghoric Songs. 
 The full analysis of the chorjc songs will be fount! In the notes: 
 but it is desirable to lake a general view of them, in iirdcr to sec 
 their dramatic effect. 
 
 (i) 40-257. The chorus do not yet know the good news of 
 the capture : and in this first song they tell the tale of the 
 mustering of the fleet for Troy, the sign of the eagles and the 
 hare, and the adverse gales, and the sacrifice of Iphigcncia. The 
 opening thought is * the gods are just, and nmst punish the sin 
 of Paris' (59 sqq.). l?ut the hope is mixed with fear (too) and 
 the refrain (121, 139, '59) echoes the mingled feelings. They 
 cannot shake off the thought that the slaughter of the maiden 
 must bring woe : * it is a lawless sacrifice, a seed of strife ' (152): 
 <the wrath remains terribly doomed to return' (155): 2eus 
 
XVIU 
 
 INTRODUCTION, 
 
 INTRODUCTION, 
 
 XIX 
 
 teaches men by sulTenng* (,76). And the whole description 
 the sacnfice (205-2,6) with its terrible pathos and beauty i 
 meant to enhance the horror of the crime. The song ends wit! 
 an awful foreboding, l,ascd on a sure belief in justice (250)- th. 
 future ,s so dark that it is folly to look forward: ' too earl, 
 knowledge is too early sorrow ' (252). 
 
 A strain of deep failh runs through it all. * Zeus is bcyom 
 compare (163), and Retribution is sure. 
 
 (2 ) 355-487. The news has now come of the victory, and we 
 expect a song of joy. ^' 
 
 But the tone of the Chorus is again rather a praise of justice 
 which pumshcs crin.e. It is the crime of Paris of which they 
 speak duclly : but one feels all through that there are other sin 
 |n the smgcr's mind which shall also be punished: and at the end 
 there .s a clear note of misgiving for Agan.e.nnon on a new ground 
 namely because he has caused the death of so many warriors. 
 
 The description of the wrecked happiness of the home, where 
 the wife has been faithless, and of the horrors of war, as shown in 
 the slaughter of citizens and the consequent widespread mourn- 
 mg, are both written with a modern intensity and sympathy, 
 which seem remarkably in advance of ordinary Greek senti- 
 ment ; quite apart from their imperishable beauty. 
 
 (3) 681-809. The messenger has come and 'confirmed the 
 tidmgs with details of the victory : but significantly the tale ends 
 with disaster: the returning fleet was wrecked. 
 
 The Chorus again dwell on the Retribution to those who 
 wronged Hospitality: the beauty of Helen (which is described 
 m lines of unspeakable loveliness, 740-3) only brings into sharper 
 contrast the curse which came with her: like a lion's whelp a 
 cherished plaything, grown into a ravager of flocks. ' 
 
 At the end is a remarkable passage, in which the poet repu- 
 diates the common Greek doctrine of 0^oVo., which taught that 
 man s prosperity roused the envy of the gods and so brought 
 disaster. *No,' says Aeschylus, Mt is not Prosperity, but always 
 J/;/, violence, injustice that brings woe.* 
 
 fh^^f' *'*'' application is apparently to Paris: again we feel 
 tnat the sm of Agamemnon is present in the thought. 
 
 (4) 975-1034. The king has returned, been greeted and 
 entered the palace in triumph over the purple tapestry. ' The 
 success IS apparently complete. f / 1 ne 
 
 The choric song is however one long foreboding of ill : a fore- 
 boding 'which they cannot explain, but cannot dismiss' (975-80). 
 But the reason comes out : the sin is there, and so there is no 
 safety. * I'he black and murdered blood once shed who can 
 recall?' (1019). They can only take refuge in vague and feeble 
 hopes. One feels impending calamity in the very air. 
 
 (5) 1072-1177. In this astonishing scene wc havcllic inspired 
 Kassandra and her visions of past and impending deeds of blood. 
 But this is fully explained in the notes, and the chorus has only 
 a secondary part to play : and accordingly we may pass on. 
 
 (6) 1448-1576. The deed has been done: the foreboding is 
 fulfilled, and the chorus in despair can only pray for death, and 
 lament the woe that Helena caused. There is a Fate on the 
 house (1467), it is the will of Heaven, of Zeus (1485) : and when 
 the queen urges that it is the requital for the murder of Iphi- 
 geneia (the very deed which the chorus all through had expected 
 to bring woe) they can only express sad perplexity: the justice, 
 if it be justice, will demand yet another victim: the blood is 
 falling ever faster (1534). And they end with again striking the 
 note of Justice: * it is the will of God that the doer shall suffer 
 
 (1563)- U 
 
 6 
 
 The Manuscripts. 
 
 The MSS. which contain the Agamemnon, the whole or part, 
 are as follows : — 
 
 1. M. Much the oldest and most important is the Medkean^ in 
 the Ubrary of Lorenzo dci Medici at Florence, written on parch- 
 ment in the loth or nth century ; a facsimile of this has been 
 published by the Clarendon Press at Oxford, 1871. The MS. 
 contains Agamemnon 1-310, and 1067-1159, the middle and end 
 of the play being lost. 
 
 2. G. GuelferbytanuSf at Wolfenbiittel, written on paper in the 
 15th century, contains the same parts of the Agamemnon as M., 
 of which it is clearly a copy. Dindorf calls it *a most faulty 
 manuscript.' 
 
 3. Ma. Marcianus (once in the monastery of San Marco), now 
 in the library of Lorenzo at Florence, written on silk in the 
 15th century, also clearly a copy of M., containing the same parts 
 of the play. 
 
 b 2 
 
XX 
 
 INTRODUCTION, 
 
 \ 
 
 4. B. Bessarioms, in the library of St. Mark at Venice, written 
 on paper about the 13th century, containing Ag. 1-348: prob- 
 ably a copy of M. before the loss of the central leaves (Moritz 
 Haupt, preface to Hermann, 1859). 
 
 The above four are practically not independent authorities. 
 
 5. V. The Venetian {Fenetus B), in the library of St. Mark at 
 Venice, written on parchment in the 13th century, containing 
 Ag, 1-45, and 1095 to end. 
 
 6. FI. FJorentinusy in the library of Lorenzo at Florence, writ- 
 ten on paper in the 14th century, containing Agamemnon entire. 
 
 7. Fa. Farnesianus (once in the Farnese library), now in the 
 Museum at Naples, written in the 14th century. It contains the 
 revision of Demetrius Triclinius, who has done a good deal in 
 the way of emendation, though often erroneously. 
 
 The exact relation of these three MSS. to the first four is not 
 easy to determine: but there is no doubt that many obvious 
 corruptions are common to all existing manuscripts. 
 
 It will perhaps be useful to put these facts about the MSS. in 
 a tabular form as under : — 
 
 Na?7ie, 
 
 Mediceus 
 
 Guelferbytanus 
 Marcianus 
 
 Bessarionis 
 
 Venetus 
 
 Florentinus 
 Farnesianus 
 
 Sign. 
 
 M. 
 
 G. 
 
 Ma. 
 
 B. 
 
 V. 
 
 Fl. 
 Fa. 
 
 Contents. 
 
 [ ^"311, "1 
 11067-1159/ 
 
 1-348 
 
 J 1-45 1 
 1 1095-end / 
 
 all 
 
 all 
 
 Place. 
 
 Florence 
 
 Wolfbtl. 
 Florence 
 
 Venice 
 
 Venice 
 
 Florence 
 Naples 
 
 Century. 
 10 or II 
 
 '^ I 
 15 I 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 14 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Clearly copies 
 
 ofM. 
 
 Prob. copied 
 
 from M. 
 
 before loss 
 
 of leaves 
 
 The following table shows what MS. authority there is for 
 each part of the play : — 
 
 1-45 ...M. G. Ma. B. V. Fl. Fa. 
 46-311 ...M. G. Ma. B. Fl. Fa. 
 312-348 ...B. Fl. Fa. 
 349-1066. ..Fl. Fa. 
 1067-1094...M. G. Ma. Fl. Fa. 
 1095-1159...M. G. Ma. V. Fl. Fa. 
 ii6o-end ...V. Fl. Fa. 
 
 \[U 
 
 '9 
 
 - 
 
 t > 
 
 f 
 
 INTRODUCTION. xxi 
 
 The Editions. 
 
 The editions of the Agamemnon have been extremely numer- 
 ous, and the text, which in the MSS. is very corrupt and has 
 often suffered from hasty emendation, has been gradually im- 
 proved by a perfect host of scholars. There still remain however 
 many places where the true reading is very doubtful, and a few 
 which seem hopeless. 
 
 The following are the principal editors and correctors : those 
 who have been consulted or quoted are given with the abbrevia- 
 tions used : — 
 
 Abbrev. I Date. 
 
 1518 
 1552 
 
 Rob. 
 
 Vict. 
 Cant. 
 Stanl. 
 
 Ask. 
 
 Schiitz. 
 
 Pors. 
 
 Butl. 
 
 Blom. 
 
 Tyrr. 
 
 Well. 
 
 Schol. 
 
 Klaus, 
 
 Con. 
 
 Dind. D. 
 
 Hart. 
 
 Schom. 
 
 Karst. 
 
 Pal. or P. 
 
 Eng. 
 
 Schn. 
 
 H. 
 
 Weil. 
 
 Keck. 
 
 Dav. 
 Gilb. 
 K. 
 
 1552 
 
 1557 
 1580 
 1663 
 
 1745 
 1746 
 
 1784 
 
 1794 
 1809 
 
 1822 
 
 1822 
 
 1823 
 
 1830 
 
 1833 
 1848 
 
 1851 
 
 1852 
 
 1854 
 
 1855 
 
 1855-79 
 
 1855 
 
 1856 
 
 1859 
 1861 
 
 1863 
 
 1864 
 
 1868 
 
 1874 
 
 1878 
 
 1884 
 
 Name. 
 
 Aldine. 
 Turnebe, Paris. 
 
 These give only the fragments of 
 Ag., which are found in M and 
 G. The play is confused with 
 the Choephoroe. 
 
 Robortelli, Venice ■! ™sgives thesame fragments, 
 
 \ but separate. 
 Victorius. Thisisthefirsted.whichgives Ag. whole. 
 Canter, Antwerp. 
 Stanley, London. 
 Pauw, Hague. 
 Askew, Leyden. 
 
 Schiitz, Halle. ' 
 
 Porson. 
 Butler. 
 
 Blom field, Cambridge. 
 Tyrrwhitt (published by El msley), Oxford. 
 Wellauer, Leipzig. 
 Scholefield, Cambridge. 
 Klausen, Gotha, 
 Conington, Oxford. 
 Dindorf, Oxford. 
 Hartung, Leipzig. 
 Schomann, Gryphiswald. 
 Karsten, Traj. ad. Rhen. 
 Paley, London. 
 Enger, Leipzig. 
 Schneidewin, Berlin. 
 Hermann, Berlin. 
 Weil, Giessa. 
 Keck, Leipzig. 
 Van Heusde, Hague. 
 Davies, Utrecht. 
 Gilbert (edited Enger). 
 Kennedy, Cambridge. 
 Margoliouth, Oxford. 
 
XXll 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Besides these, the following have contributed emendations 
 
 Aur. 
 
 Auratus. 
 
 Heath. 
 
 Heath. 
 
 Cas. 
 
 Is. Casaubon. 
 
 Franz. 
 
 Franz. 
 
 Seal. 
 
 Scaliger. 
 
 Musgr. 
 
 Musgrave 
 
 Ahr. 
 
 Ahrens. 
 
 Madv. 
 
 Madvig. 
 
 Dobr. 
 
 Dobree. 
 
 Both. 
 
 Bothe. 
 
 I use the common abbreviation L. S. for Liddell and Scott. 
 
 The Text. 
 
 In the text I have aimed at giving (at the foot of the pages) 
 the MSS. reading of all the doubtful places, where the MSS. differ 
 among themselves, or are all wrong; except in the numerous 
 instances where the corrections are quite obvious and generally 
 accepted ; and even of these latter I have given all which can be 
 called important. The MSS. are very corrupt, and the number 
 of such small but necessary corrections is very jnuch greater than 
 any one would suppose who had not studied the UA\ apparatus 
 criticus of the play. 
 
 Where the reading adopted occurs in any of the MSS. and 
 any other MS. differs, and the question is doubtful or important, 
 the readings are given in a note at the bottom of the text, but 
 there is no mark in the text. 
 
 Where the reading adopted is conjectural, and appears in no 
 MS., it is marked with an asterisk, the MS. reading (or read- 
 ings) given in the note, and usually the corrector or editor, to 
 whom the emendation is due, named. Thus, line 69, in the text, 
 *i)7roKaio)v: in the note vnoKXaioyv MSS. corr. Cas. i. e. *the manu- 
 scripts read vTroKkaicov', the correction in the text is due to 
 Casaubon.' 
 
 Where neither MSS. nor proposed readings are satisfactory, 
 the passage is marked with t- Thus line 14, fefxrjv, 
 
 I have thought it better to show the variations from the MSS. 
 than to adopt the custom in many recent German editions of 
 basing the text on Hermann. Great, or rather infinite, as are 
 the obligations of students to Hermann, it is clearly more con- 
 venient to know the MSS. readings than only Hermann's 
 recension of them. 
 
 INTRODUCTION, 
 
 xxni 
 
 Translations. 
 
 The Agamemnon has been done into English in nearly a score 
 of translations. Those which I have consulted, and occasionally 
 taken the liberty to quote, are the following ; I give the abbre- 
 viations in italics, by which they are quoted in my notes : 
 
 Professor Conington (Con.), 
 Miss Swan wick {Sivan.). 
 Dean Milman (Mil.). 
 Mr. R. Browning (Br.). 
 Professor Kennedy (Ken.). 
 Mr. E. D. A. Morshead (Mors.). 
 
 The last is the one to which I owe most. 
 
ATAMEMNQN. 
 
 B 
 
TA TOT APAMAT02 nPOSlOTA. 
 
 4'TAAH. 
 
 XOP02 APrEinN 
 
 KATTAIMNH2TPA. 
 
 TAA0TBIO2 KHPTH. 
 
 AFAMEMNnN. 
 
 KA22ANAPA. 
 
 Airiseos. 
 
 AFAMEMNQN. 
 
 f 
 
 <I>TAAS. 
 Oeohs ii\v aha T&vV iLitaXXay^v 7r6rmv, 
 
 oreVaiy 'Arpubcov ^yKaO^v, Kvvhs bUrjv, 
 
 ^a-rpcov KdroLba vvKT^pcov o^i^yvpiv, 
 
 Kal Tohs <t>ipovTas x^'^^H^a Kal Bipos ppoTois 
 
 Xap,TTpoh hvv&iTTas, ifXTrpiirovTas aldipc 
 
 [acTTipas, Zrav <l>e[va,aLv, ^vroKds re rtSi;-] 
 
 Kal iwv <t>v\6.cT(Tc^ \ap,7Tdbos t6 a^ii^oXov, 
 
 avynv iTvpb^ <t>ipov<Tav U Tpoias 0(irtz;, 
 
 h^(^cTLiJ,6v T€ pd^Lv' (SSe yhp Kpard 
 
 yvvaiKhs dvhp6fiov\ov iXirCCov Kiap. 
 
 cSr'^ hv 6c vvKTiTiKayKTov eubpoaov t I^w 
 
 €VV7}V dveCpOLS OVK €inaK07T0VpL^V7}V 
 
 fifxi/iv,—cl>6fios yhp dvff xJtt^oi; Trapao-rarct, 
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 OTaV 6' 6,€lb€LV Tj p,LlWp€(rdaL 60X0), 
 
 virvov T6b' d.vrCixok'nov hriiivmv &kos, 
 
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 olx <^s rh -npdcre dptara bia-Kovovixivov. 
 i^vv b' evTvxvs yivoiT' diiakXay^ irovuij, 
 €vayyiKov (fyavivros 6p(t>vaCov irvpSs, 
 
 7. Probably spurious. 17. Ur4fivajy V. Fl. 
 
 B 2 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
AI2XTA0T 
 
 AFAMEMNaN. 
 
 0) X^^P^ \afnTTr]p vvktos, rjfMeprjinov 
 (f)dos TTLCpavdKOiV Kal*xop^v KaTacrracnv 
 TTokXcav h "Apyet, Trjaoe avixcpopas x^P^^' 
 
 
 LOV LOV. 
 
 25 
 
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 okokvypibv €V(l)r]pL0vvTa rrjSe AafXTraSt 
 
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 TOL b€(nTOT<av yap ev ireaovTa Orjcro^ai 
 Tpls 1^ ^akova-rjs rrja-bi pLOL (t)pvKTa>pLas. 
 yivoLTO 8' ovv pLokovTos €V(l)Lki] x^pa 
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 piaOovcnv avb(^, kov piaOova-L kr\Oop.ai, 
 
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 p^iyas avTibLKOS, 
 
 Mevikao^ dva^ ^8' 'Ayap.€p.vuiv, 
 
 bidpovov Al60€v kol bLO-KrjTTTpOV 
 
 TLpLTJs oxfjpov C^vyos Arpcibar, 
 
 (TTokov ^Apydinv xt^toi'avrai; 
 
 Trj(r8' aTTO x^P^^ 
 
 rjpav, (TTpaTLtaTLV dp(i>yriVf 
 
 piiyav €K OvpLOV K\aforre? ''Apr], 
 
 26. ar}naivcu M.G. arjiJuivSi B.V.Fl.Fa. 30. drri^>^(»y V.Fa. 
 dyy^Xanf M.Ma.B.Fl. 
 
 40 
 
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 TTTepvyoiv iperpLola-LV ip€acr6p.€V0L, 
 
 bepLVLOTrjpTJ 
 
 TTovov opTakixciiv okia-avr^s ' ' 
 VTTaTOS 8' dioDv 7} TtJ 'AiTokkoov, 
 77 Udv, Tj Zfi;?, oicovoOpoov 
 yoov o^vjSoav To^vbe yL^ToUuiv 
 
 VaTepOTTOLVOV 
 
 TTepiireL irapa^ao-LV ^Epivvv. 
 
 ovT(o 8' 'Arpeojs iralbas 6 Kpcla-aoup 
 
 €7r' ^Ak€$dvbp(d -nip.TTu ^ipios 
 
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 yovaros Koviaicnv ip€Lbop,€vov 
 
 biaKvaLopiivqs r Iv irporekfCots 
 
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 Spy as dT€vds irapaOik^ei, 
 
 VP-ds 8* ar^rat o-apKL vraAata 
 
 rrjs TOT iLpcoyrjs VTroXci^^cVrcf 
 
 piCpiVopi€v Icrxvv 
 
 lo-oTraiba vdpLovTes iirl a-KrJTrTpois. 
 
 o T€ yap vcapbs /xvcAos crTcpvcap 
 
 ivTos ^ dva<T(r<av 
 
 l(r6Trp€(TJ3vs, "Aprjs 8' ovk im x^pa, 
 
 69. vTToftkaiojv MSS. corr. Cas. 77. dufduffoiv MSS. corr. H. 
 
 50 
 
 65 
 
 70 
 
 75 
 
ii' 
 
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 79. TiOinepf^paK M. G. ridi irep yqpojs Ma. roOi wfpyqpoiS B. 
 r6QiJT€p yfipcos Fl. t<50' vitfpyqpccv Fa. 87. ttvQoi FL iiiidoi: cet. 
 OvoaKiviTs MSS. coiT. Aur. iqi. <paivus M.G. (paivti B. ^a/- 
 
 vouo-' Fl. Fa. 103. T^i/ $vfio<p66pov Xtirrjs (ppiva M, G. B. tt)j' 
 
 $vp.o^6pov XviTo<ppiva Fa. t^j' Ovfio^opov \viri]s <f)pivd Fl. 
 
 v^ 
 
 AI2XTA0T 
 
 *t6 6' v7T€pyrjp(i)v (pvWdbos rjbt) 
 
 KaTaKap(l)oix4vr]s Tpiirobas iilv ohovs 80 * 
 
 oretx^ct, TiatSos 8' ovSei; ap^ioav 
 
 ovap TjfjLepoipavTov akaivei* 
 
 av hi, TvvhapeoS 
 
 dvyaT€p, pacrikua KXvTaiixvrja-Tpa, 
 
 tC xP^os ; H viov ; tl 6' iiraLa-dojxivr], 85 
 
 tCvos ayyeKias 
 
 ^ irevdol TTeptTre/XTrra 6vo(rK€ls ; 
 
 iravTOiV b€ Oeo^v tc^v a(TTVv6p.(XiV, 
 
 vTrcLTdiv, \Bovioiv, 
 
 Tcav T ovpavLoov T(av r ayopai(t}V, 90 
 
 /3a)/jtol h(apoi<TL <f)\iyovTai' 
 
 aXkr\ 5' hXKod^v ovpavopLrjKrjs 
 
 XapLTTCLS avCa^eL, 
 
 <l)apiJLa(rcropLivr] \pL[jLaTos ayvov 
 
 fioKaKOis aboXoLCTL TraprjyopLais, 95 
 
 ireKdvia pLvxpOev fiaa-iXcCf, 
 
 TovToav X.€^a(T o tl Kol bvvaTov 
 
 Kol OifXLs alvelv, 
 
 iraKav re y€Vov rrjcrbe fjLfpipLvrjs, 
 
 rj vvv TOT€ pkv KaK6<f>p(£tv TeXidcL, 100 
 
 TOT€ b* €K 6v(n5>v dyava (jyaCvovcr 
 
 fkirh dp.vv€i (f)povTLb* dTrX-qoTov 
 
 ^T7J9 OvpLofiopov (ppiva kvir-qs* [o^P- ci'. 
 
 KijpLos et/xt 6pO€iv obiov Kpdros atcriov dvbp&v 
 
 €KT€kiai)V. Irt yap Oeodcv KaraTrvcCei, 105 
 
 K 
 
 I 
 
 5 / 
 
 115 
 
 AFAMEMNHN. 7 
 
 TTCLOia, ^ fiokirav 
 
 okKCLV, (TVixcfyvTos al(aVt 
 
 OTTcoy 'A\aniiv bCOpovov KparoSt 'EkKabo^ ijf^ai 
 
 ^vp.(\>pova rdyav, no 
 
 Tre/iTiet ^vv bopl koX x€pl TTpaKTopi 
 
 dovpios opvLS TevKpib^ ctt' aiav, 
 
 oioivQv ySao-tAcvj jSaaLKcva-L veo^v, 6 KcAatroy, 
 
 i^oTTLv dpya^, 
 <f)avivT€s iKTop ixekddpoDv, x^P^y in hopnrdkTov, 
 TrafiTTpiirTOLS iv ibpaiai, 
 
 Poa-KopL^vot, kaylvav, kpiKvp.ova "^(jyipp^ara, yivvav, 
 pXa^ivTa \ol(t6lo)v bpoptoov. 120 
 
 atXivov oXkivov ^liriy to b* €v vlkcltih, [clvt. a, 
 
 Kebvbs b€ cTTpaTopLavTLs lb(i>v bvo *\riixa(nv laovs 
 *Arpdbas [xa\LpL0V9 ibdr] XayobaLTas 
 
 TTOpLTTOVS T dp^ds' 
 
 ovT(o 5' ctTre T€pd((av' 125 
 
 Xpdvi^ H-^ dypd \lpidp.ov ttoXiv aSe k^Acv^os, 
 
 TTaVTa b€ TTVpyOiV 
 
 KTrfvrf TTpoa-Oc tcl h]pLioTTXr]drj 
 
 Molp dXaTTci^et irpbs to ^Laiov, 130 
 
 oiov ix-q TLs *dya dcodcv Kv^(pd(rT] irpoTmrkp aropnov 
 
 iiiya TpoCas 
 
 aTpaToadiv. ^OiKro) yap iTTi(f)9ovos "Aprc/xty dyva 
 
 TTTavoiariv kv(tI Trarpoy, 136 
 
 avTOTOKOv TTpo Koxov p.oy€pav irraKa BvopLivoiorr 
 
 rrrvyet bk bcLirvov aterwi^. 
 
 aXkLvoi/ atkivov etVe, to 8' cv viKaTot). 
 
 Tocrov irep €V(t>p(tiv, KoXd, neanab, 140 
 
 106. irci^or Campbell. fioXirdv MSS. 118. kpiKVfxara (pipfiari 
 
 M.G. fpiKv/xova (pipfMri B. fpiKv/xova <pip^ovTO Fl. Fa. 122. 
 
 Xijfiaai. Siaaovs MSS. 131. dra MSS. corr. H. 135. ot/<y MSS. 
 corr. Schom. 140. d «oAd Fa. 
 
Il< 
 
 I 
 
 8 
 
 AI2XTAOT 
 
 ■<*\ft.'* 
 
 ■4 
 
 
 XM 
 
 .^^jJUKVi 
 
 * bp6aoL(TL XiiTTOL^ fxaXfp&v XcovtcoVj 
 
 irAvTiov T d.ypov6pi(iiv <^t\o/A(iio'rots ' " J 
 
 OrjpQv 6ppLK6Xoi(n TcpTTvd, ^ 
 
 T0VT(t)v "^ atv€i ^vfxpoXa Kpavai, 
 
 Sefta flip, KaTaixoii(\)a he (t)6,(TixaTa [crrpov^oii']. 145 
 
 irjLOv i 5e1 KaXlo) Ilaiiaz^a, 
 
 pLrj TLvas avTLTTvoovs Aavaois xpovias €)(^evfjbas 
 
 airXoias rev^r], 150 
 
 <nT€vbo^€va Ovrriav kripav, avopLov riv, ahaiTOv, 
 
 V€LKi(t)V TeKTOVa (TVpL(l)VTOV, 
 
 ov bciorivQpa, [xCpLVCi yap (f)olB€pa 'naXivopros, 
 
 olKOVOpLOS boXCtty pLvdfXitiV piTJVL9 T€Kv67TOLV09. 155 
 
 Toidbc KaXxas $vv /xeyoXotj ayadols airiKXay^e 
 ' ixopdip! aii opviOtiiv obitiiv qIkois fSaa-LXeCois' 
 
 Tols S' OfJLOcfxOVOV 
 
 ^XXivov atXivov fliri, to b' €v rtKaro). 
 Zei;?, ocrrty ttot €(tt[v, el Tob^ av- (rrp. j3\ i6o 
 
 T(D (pCXov KCKX-qnivc^, 
 TovTo viv TTpoa-evviTTU). 
 ovK ex(t) Trpoa-eLKaa-aL, 
 
 irdvT €1TL€rTa6pi(opi€V0Sf 
 
 TiXr}v Alos, €t TO fjiCLTav cLTTo (ppovTLbos dxOof 165 
 
 Xprj paXeiv ctt^t-vjucds. 
 ^ovb* 6(TTL9 irdpoiOev rjv piiyas, &vt, j9'. 
 
 7rafXjutdx« Opda-ei. ISpvoav, '| **** 
 
 *ov5^ Aeferat irplv ojv, , ,„,^ ,>, 170 
 
 OS eTTflT 69V, Tpta- ' ' 
 
 KTTJpos otxerat tv^wi'* 
 
 141 . deiTTots B. Fl. dtXTTTOis M.G. aiirrotai Fa. corr. Well. 
 tvrojvlA.Yh 144. aiTcr MSS. corr. Gilbert. 1 70. ouS^i^ Xe'fcu 
 
 M G.B.Fl. ovZh ri Xi^ai Fa. corr. Ahrens. 
 
 I ,Xf"'' '*-% 
 
 175 
 CTp. y. 
 
 
 ,,4j 
 
 
 ArAMEMNIlN. 
 
 Zrjva 6e rts TTpo(j)p6voDS iTtivUia kX^Cohv 
 
 T€V^€TaL (f)p€V(aV TO TTCLV' 
 TOV (j)pOV€lv fipOTOVS 6b(a- 
 
 cravra, "^ tov irdOeL p.6.6os 
 
 OivTa KvpCiiis ex^'^' 
 
 orafet 8' h &* v-nvi^ irpo KapbCas 
 
 tivr](TLTn^lj.a)v ttovos' kol irap' 6,- 180 
 
 KovTas ^XOc (T(ii(\)poveiv, 
 
 baipLovoiv bi ttov xop'^ ^/3tatos, 
 
 '(TiXp.a <r€fJLvov fjpiivcov, ^^ 
 
 KOL Tod^ fjy€pLG)V 6 TTpia- ^j/t. y', 
 
 /Sv? V€(ov 'AxattKwi;, jg^ 
 
 IxdvTLv ovTLva y\r€y(j}Vt 
 ifXTraloLS TvxaL<rL (Jvp.TTvi(aVy 
 €vr dirXoCa Kevayyet jSapv^ 
 vovT ^AxauKos Aewj, 
 
 XaXKCbos irepav ex(»>v iraXippox- 190 
 
 60LS iv AvXCbos roTToty, 
 
 TTVoal 8' aTTo 2rpu/utoros pLoXovaai arp. b\ 
 
 74, KaKO(rxoXot, z;T70Tt8€S, bvaoppLOL 
 
 l3poT(av aXat, V€(av re ical TreLa-pLdTtov d.<p€Lb€is,' 195 
 7raXipLp.r]Krf xpoi'or ri^eto-at 
 T/[)^/3a) KaTi^aivov dvOos "^"Apyovy 
 
 CTrel §€ Kat TTlKpOV 
 
 X^ip-aTos dXXo pLrJxap ^- 
 
 jSpldVT^pOV TTpOpLOia-LV 
 
 IxdvTLs hXay^cv, Trpo^epoji; "Apre/xtz;, wore x^oVa /3(i- 
 KTpots liTiKpovcravTas ^ATpeibas bdKpv pLrj KaTaaxtlv, 
 dva^ 5' 6 irpiafivs ^tot cittc <pa)vQv' dirr. b'. 205 
 
 177. Tip MSS. 182. /Sta/cw MSS. corr. Schom. 197. *A|»- 
 
 7€(W MSS. corr. H. 205. r6^ MSS. corr. Stanl. 
 
 
■I 
 
 10 A12XTA0T 
 
 ^apila \xku K7]p TO /jt7/ TnOia-dat, 
 fSapela b\ ei t4kvov bai^(o, bofxoiv ayaXfjia, 
 fXLaLvo)v 7rap6€PO(r(f)dyoL<TL 
 
 peCOpoLS TTaTpofovs X^P^^ ^irpb j3(oixov, 210 
 
 tC TwrS' av€v KaK(ov ; 
 
 TTft)? XiTTovavs yivoDfjiaL, ^ • Urn..., 
 
 ^vpLpLa^ias afjLapT(av ; 
 
 iravcrav^lMOV yap dvaias irapdevLov 6* atfxaTos 6p' 
 ya *7T€pL6py(o acj)' €7n6vp,€lv OifjLLS* €V yap etr;. 216 
 iirel 6' avdyKas I8u Xiiiahvov, arp, e'. 
 
 <l)p€vbs TTvidiv bva-crePrj Tpoiraiav 
 
 dvayvovt dvicpov, Todev 220 
 
 ^^ TO TiavTOTokp.ov (ppovelv ix€Tiyv(i). 
 ^jSpoTovs dpaavvei yap alaxp6p,r]TLS 
 ToXaiva irapaKOTra 
 7rp(aTOTTrjiJL(ov. erXa 8' ovv 
 6vTj]p yevicrOai Ovyarpos yvvaiKO-noLvaiv irokipicav 
 
 dpoiydv 225 
 
 Kttt TTporeAeta va5>v' 
 Xiras b\ Kttt KX.r]b6va^ itarpiDOvs 
 Ttap ovb€v al(ova Trapdiveiov t 
 fOevTo (jyiXofJiaxot fipa^rjs, 
 (l)pd(r€v 8' d6(oL9 'naTi]p p.€T ^vyav, 
 bUav XLjJiaipas virepOe /3a>/xoi3 
 iriirXoia-L 7re/ot7rer^, 
 Travrl dvfxia TrpovoDTrrj 
 kapeiv dipb7]v, o-TopiaTos T€ KaXXiirpcapov *(j)v\aKa 
 
 KaTaayjdv 
 <f)d6yyov dpalov otKoty, 
 
 210. 0QJHOV iriXas MSS. corr. Schom. 212. re yivufiai M. G. Fl. 
 216. vfpidpyw MSS. corr. Schom. 222, 0poTois MSS. 235. 
 (pvXaxav MSS. 
 
 avT. € . 
 
 330 
 
 234 
 
 AFAMEMNflN. 
 
 II 
 
 OTp. g- . 
 
 245 
 
 avT. 5" . 
 
 250 
 
 /3ta xaXivtav t dvavbio pL^veu 
 
 KpoKov I3a<j)ds b' is iribov x^ovaa 
 
 l/3aAA' €KaaTov Ovrripoiv air' Ojui/xaros /3eA€t c^tAotKro), 240 
 
 irp^TTovad 6^ ws €v ypacjyals, TTpoaevvin^LV 
 
 6i\ov(T, eTrel iroWdKis 
 
 irarpos Kar dvbp<ovas evrpaTrefou? 
 
 e/xeAi/rer, ^ ayva 5' aTavpooTos avba Ttarpos 
 
 <i>ik0V TpLTOCTTTOvbov ^VTTOTjJiOV 
 
 ^iraLOLva <^tAa)s iTLfxa. 
 
 TO, b' €vd€V OVT etbov OVT €VV€TTOi' 
 
 T€xvaL b€ Kd\xo.vTos ovk dnpavroi, 
 
 bUa b^ Tols p.€v TTaOovauf imO^lv Imppiit^i' to 
 
 fiiWov * 8' 
 cTTct yivoLT hv kXvols, *TTpb xatpcTO)' 
 
 t(rOV b€ TO) TTpOOTivetV. 
 
 Topov yap rjiei, * crvvopOpov avyah. 
 
 TreAotro d' ovv Tairl tovtolo-lv evTrpafty, wy 
 
 ^cAet T08' dyxto'Tov ^Airtas 
 
 yaias yiOv6(f)povpov €pKos» 
 
 rjKO) (r€l3LC<t)V <r6v, KAuratjuz/^orpa, Kparos'^ 
 
 bLKTj yap eoTt (Jxjdtos dpxrjyov tUlv 
 
 yvvaiK iprjfjiaidivTos dp(T€vos Opovov. 
 
 (TV 8' * el rt K€bvov etre p.i] TreTTVorpiivri 
 
 €vayy€\oL(n,v kk-nLcnv Ovrjirok^ls, 
 
 K\voifx av €V(t)poDv* ovb^ a-Ly<a<rrj (f)d6vo9, 
 
 KATTAIMNH2TPA. 
 €vdyy€\os fxiv, wa-irep rj irapoLpiLa, 
 
 244. dyvd MSS. corr. Schiitz. 246. aiuva MSS. corr. Hart. 
 
 250. T^ 5^ npoKXvHv after ixkWov B. Fl. G. and M. by later hand. 
 
 251. vpoxaiptToj MSS. corr. Eng. 254. awopOuv avTois G.B.M. 
 avvapepov Fl. Fa. corr. Well. H. 261. urt MSS. 
 
 355 
 
 260 
 
12 
 
 AISXTAOT 
 
 €(0S yhoiTO fJLTJTpbs €V(f)p6vi(]S TTCLpa, 265 
 
 TTCVO-et b€ X^Pl^^ IJi€l(0V iklTlboS k\V€LV. 
 
 UpLCLfiov yap '^prjKaa-LV 'Apyeiot ttoXlv, 
 XO. ttQs <^r}9 ; 'ni<\)€vy€ tovtios k^ aTrto-rtay. 
 KA. TpoCav ^A\aiGiV ovcrav' 7} Topcas Aeyo) ; 
 XO. x^P^ m' ^(p^pTTeL haKpvov eKKaXovpiivr], 270 
 
 KA. €V yap <l>povovvTos opLpLa aov Karr^yopel, 
 XO. T^ yap -TO TTLCTTov^ €<TTi Tcovbi (Toi TeKp.ap ; 
 KA. €(rTLV, TL 6' ovxC ; /xt) bo\<aaavTos Oeov. 
 XO. TTOTepa 8' ovetpoov (pdo-fxaT evireidi] o-€/3ets ; 
 KA. ov bo^av hv XajBoLfxi, ppiCov(Tr]s (fypcvos* ' 275 
 
 ' XO. dXX' rj (T luiavkv rts aiTTepos (f)dTLs ; 
 KA. Tiaibos vias ^s Kctpr ipLOipLrjo-ot) (f)pivas» 
 XO. TTotou xpovov be Kal TTeiropO-qTaL irokis ; 
 KA. Trjs vvv TCKOva-qs (fym rob^ €V<f>p6vris Xiyco. 
 XO. Kal t[s T08' e^LKOLT hv dyyiXoiv Td^os ; 280 
 
 KA, "Hc^atoToy "Ibrjs \apL7rpbv iKTripLTrcov criXas, 
 (fypVKTbs be <f)pVKTov bevp^ cltt* dyydpov irvpos 
 eTrejjiiTev' *'I8r/ fiev irpb? ^Epfiaiov kiiras 
 Arjfivov* pieyav be iravbv ex vrjcrov rpirov 
 "AOcoov aTiTos Zrjvbs e^ebe^aro, 385 
 
 'virepTeXris re, ttovtov uxrre vcoTia-ai, 
 t la-xys TTopevTov KapLirdbos Trpbs rjbovriv 
 '^TTep.TTeL Tb xP^^o^^yy^^ <2s tls rjXios 
 (rekas TiapayyeiKaara MaKiarov * (rKOTrais't 
 6 8' ovTi /xeAAcoz; ovb^ d(ppa(Tp.6v<jiis V7rv<^ 290 
 
 VLKOjfxevos iraprJKev dyyiXov /xepos* 
 €Kas be ippvKTov (pm eir* EvpCirov poas 
 MecraairCov ^vAaft o-rjixaCvei pioXov, 
 ol 8' avTekapLyl/av Kal irapriyyeiXav TTpoa-oa 
 
 282. &yy^\ov MSS. 288. invKr) MSS. vi/ivu Eng. vpovKHro 
 K. iTTt'o-uTo Keck. 289. afcoirds MSS. 
 
 I 
 
 >3 
 
 295 
 
 300 
 
 30s 
 
 AFAMEMNnN. 
 
 ypalas epeUrjs 6(ii\ibv 6,yj/avTes TwpL 
 (rdevovaa AajLtTras 8' ovbiiro) /xavpovjuievt/, 
 VTrepdopova-a Treblov *Aa-a)7Tov, bUrjv 
 (fyaibpas a-eXrfvrjs, Trpos KiOaip&vos kiira^ 
 ijyeLpev aXkrjv eKbox^v ttoixttov irvpos* 
 (f)aos 8^ TrjkeTTOjjiiTov ovk -qvaCvero 
 (t>povpd, firkeov Kaiovaa t&v elpTjfxevaiV 
 kCfxvTjv 8' virep Topy<oTTLv eo-KT]\l/ev (pdos' 
 opos T Itt' AlyCirkayKTov e^iKvovp.evov 
 biTpvve Oeapibv ^fx?) x^'^^C^^^^-^ irvpos. 
 TrejutTToixn 8' avbaiovres d,<f>66v(ii \xiveL 
 (fykoybs ixeyav TroJywi'a, Kal ^apoavLKOV 
 TiopOpLOv "^ KdroTTTov TTpQv v7Tep(3dXkeLV irpoorta 
 (t)keyovarav, * ear ia-Krfyjfev, * evT dc^ticcTO 
 ^Apaxvaiov aiTToy, acrrvyeirova^ o-KOTrds* 
 KOLTteiT ^ArpeibSiv es robe a-KriitTei a-reyos 
 (pdos ro8' OVK diraTnTov 'I8atou TTvpoy. 
 TOLOtbe ToL fxot kapLTrabrjcpopoiV v6p.oi^ 
 akkos Trap dkXov biaboxais TrkrjpovpievoL' 
 VLKa 8* 6 TipOtTos Kal rekevralos bpap.m\ 
 reKfiap tolovto ^vixj3ok6v re aol Aeyw, 
 dvbpbs irapayyeCkavTos eK TpoCas ep.oL • 
 
 XO. Oeois iiev avOis, oi yvvai, TTpoarev^opLai. 
 koyovs 8' cLKOvo-aL Tovabe Kairodavixda-aL 
 bi7]veK(ii>s OekoifjL av &>? keyoLS rrrdkLV. 
 
 KA. Tpotav 'A)(aiot T7J8' ^;(Oi;o-' ev r]p.epa, 
 
 OLfiaL jSoriv apuKTov iv iroket irpeiTew. yl-— 
 ofos r akeL<pa r eyx^as ravrw Kvrct 
 bixoa-TaTovvT hv ov (pikois TTpoaevveiioiS' 
 
 301. sic MSS. 304. S^ x«P*C*<^^«* Fa. fi^ x«P'C«<^^<" M.G.B. 
 Fl. 307. KCLTOTrrpov MSS. 308. cfr* . . . fir' MSS. 319. kiytis B. 
 
 310 
 
 315 
 
 320 
 
M AI2XTA0T 
 
 KOL T(ov aXovTOiv KoX KpaTr}(rdvTa)v bixa 
 (t>doyyas CLKovetv ia-rl (Tvixcfyopas biTrkrjs. 
 ol fj,€v yap ap.(f)l doofxaa-Lv TreTrrwKoVes 
 avbp(ov Kaa-LyvrjTaiv T€ /cat (fyvTaXfxio^v 
 TratSey y€p6vTa>v, ovKir' i^ iX^vdepov 
 b€pr)s aTTOLfM(aCov(rL (PlXtoltcov ixopov 
 Tohs b' aire vvKTCirkayKTos €k fxdxrjs ttoVos 
 
 VT](rT€l.9 TTpbs apLO-TOLO-LV ^V ^X^l TToXls 
 
 rdcro-et, irpbs oibki; kv p.ipu re/c/x^Vtoi;, 
 aAA'^ «s ^KadTo^ ta-nacr^v tvxv9 ttolXov. 
 iv b' alxfiaX(^TOLs TpmKols olK-Zifxaa-L 
 vaCova-LV rfbrj, tQv viraiOpUv iiAyc^iv 
 bp6crc^v r' aTraAAayeVrey, ^s ^ V eibaCfxov^s 
 a^vkaKTov eibT^aovcL TTacrav ^^pSvrjv. 
 €t 5' €v o-i^ovoTf. Tovs 7ro\L(r(rovxovs deovs 
 Tohs T7]9 6XoUrjs yrjs Oecov & Ibpijixara, 
 o^ *Thv lAoVes aZdts ^ ^vOaXoUv (iv. 
 
 325 
 
 330 
 
 335 
 
 340 
 
 45 
 
 €pco9 8e fx-Zj TLs irpdr^pov ^/XTrtVrr; orparcp 
 TTopdelv h fi^ xpi Kipbea-Lv viK^iiivov,, ' 
 bd yap irpbs olkovs voaripLov o-ioTrjpCas 
 Kap.^ai biavXov edrepov KwAoy TraAt/;- 
 6€ols b' jLvafXTTKdKrjTos et />to'Aot (TTpards, 
 iyprjyopbs to Tirjfia rcav oAcoAoVco/; 
 yivoLT dv, €t irpdcnraLa p,^ ri^'xot KaKd. 
 TOLavTdjoi ywaLKbs i^ e/xou KAv'ety 
 
 TO 8' €V KpaTOLTJ, p,^ biXOppOTTOiS Ibdv. 
 
 TToW&v yhp icr9\<ov ^ T^vb' Svr}o-Lv dXopy^v' 350 
 XO. yj,vai,^ KaT' dvbpa crc^cPpov' eicf>p6vm Xiy.ts. 
 eyo) 5' aKova-as TiiaTd aov T€Kp,rjpLa 
 
 331. ^V<rriai B vrjans Fl. 336. 5.a5a.>om MSS. 340. aV 
 7 lAoj'T^ or ay,\6vr,s and A^ ^civo.c^ or a5 0dpouu MSS. corr Aur H 
 341. ^i^^inru B. -0* Fa. -rj corrected to -7; Fl. 350. t^v MSS. ' 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 o'r 
 
 AFAMEMNHN. 
 
 Oeovs TTpoacLTTelv €V iTapa(TK€vd(opaL. 
 
 X«pt? yap ovK CLTLpos dpyaaTai Tioviav. 
 
 oj ZeS ^a(n\€v Kal vv^ (f)Lkia 
 
 p!€yaka)v K6(rp.u)v KTeaT^Lpa^ 
 
 iJT' em Tpotas irupyois efiakes 
 
 (TTfyavbv bUrvoVy o)? /x?}r€ p,€yav 
 
 priT ovv veaptav tlv VTrepreAcWt 
 
 /Licya bovXeCas 
 
 ydyyapovy cLT-qs iravaXc^Tov. 
 
 Ala TOL ^ivLov p.iyav albovpat 
 
 Tbv Tdbe TTpd^avT, €tt' 'AXe^dvbpca 
 
 T€LVOVTa TtdXaL TO^OVy OTTODS CLV 
 
 p^rjTe irpb Kaipov prjO^ virep do-TpoDV 
 
 ^eAoS TjXldLOV aKTj\l/€L€V. 
 
 Albs TiXayav ixovaiv ctTretj;, 
 
 Trdpeo-TLV tovto y i^ixveva-au 
 
 ^ €7rpa^av m (Kpavev. ovk ecj^a tl9 
 
 Seovs (SpOTo^v d^iovaOai piiXeLV 
 
 oaoLS dOiKTinv X"Pty 
 
 TiaTolff ' 6 8' ovk evcrejSr'js. 
 
 15 
 
 7r4(bavTaL 6' ^ €ktlvov 
 (ra ToXpa tQv "Apr/ 
 
 TTVeOVTOOV p^d^OV Tj bLKa[(09, 
 
 (ftXeOVTlOV b(i}pLdT(jDV VTTip(f)€V 
 
 Virep Tb jStXTLaTOV. eCTTlH b' d-TTTj- 
 
 p^avTOP, a>(TT aTTapKilv 
 €V TTpaTTLboiv XaxovTa. 
 oil ydp ioTLv eiraX^is 
 
 355 
 
 360 
 
 365 
 
 orp, d 
 
 370 
 
 375 
 
 180 
 
 368. vaptari MSS. Traptariv Eng. 369. w? Upa^iv us e/cpav€V 
 MSS. corr. Franz. 374. iyyduovs drok/xijTojv MSS. (Kyovois aToK- 
 fiTjTus H. text Hart. 379. c^o-tc KairapKuv Fa. text Fl. 
 
i6 
 
 AI2XTA0T 
 
 ,Q - 
 
 390 
 
 29b 
 
 irkovTov TTpbs Kopov avbpl 
 XaKTicravTL fxiyav bUas [Scop^bv ds acpdvetav. 
 fiiOLTai 8' a rSXaiva Trei^oJ, avr. a. 
 
 ^TTpojSovkov TTOLS acjyepTos aras. 
 
 CLKOS be TTCLV pLCLTaLOV, OVK iKpV(f)Or], 
 
 TTp€7T€i 5e, (fycos alvoXapTris, aivo^' 
 
 KCLKov de )(^a\KOv Tpoirov 
 
 TpljSiD T€ Kol TTpoa-poXais 
 
 p.ekapiT ay 7]s ire Act 
 
 biKaLCjodeCs, eTrel 
 
 8ta>K6t TTois TToravbv opviv, 
 
 TToXet TTpoa-TpLpp! a(j)€pTov ivdeis. 
 
 klTOLV 8' CLKOVei pkv OVTLS d^blV 
 rbu 8' €TTL(TTpO(f)OV "^TOtV 
 
 (/)tor ahiKov KaOaipd, 
 
 olos KOl UdpLS ikdcDV 
 
 h hopov Tov ^Arpeihav 
 
 rjoXvve ^eviav rpdireCav KkoiralaL yvratKo'y. 
 
 kiirovaa 8' clo-to'lo-lv da-TrCcrTopds aTp, 8\ 
 
 ^7-e Kal kXovovs XoyxLpovs vavlSdras ^& oTrkiapovs, 
 
 dyova-d t avTCcfyepvov 'lAtw (jyOopdv, 406 
 
 fie^aKev ptpcfya bia irvXav, 
 
 aT\r)Ta rXao-a' TroAAa 8' ea-revov 
 
 Tob' €VviTTOVT€S b6p(jDV TTpOCprJTat' 
 
 to) ta> bcapa b(opa kol irpopoi, 410 
 
 tO) Ae^OS KOL (TTlfioi (j)L\dvOp€S. 
 
 t^ 7Tdp€(TTL criyas drlpovs dkoibopovs 
 ^at(rxi(TT d(p€Lpeva)v Ibelv.f 
 
 400 
 
 AFAMEMNXiN. 
 
 7T60(a 8' VTTepTTOVTLaS 
 
 (t>d(Tp.a 8o^€t bopoov dvdcra-eLV. 
 
 €vp6p(f>a)v be KoXocraiav 
 
 exOeraL ^apcs dvbpL 
 
 oppdrc^v 8' iv dxr}viais ^ppei Tracr' 'AcPpoblra. 
 
 6veLp6<j>avTOL be -nevOripoves ^i/r. Q\ 
 
 irdpeLcri bo^ai (t>epov(TaL xdptv paraCav. 
 
 P'drav yhp evr hv iaOXd tls boK(iv ^ 6pa, 
 
 irapaWd^aa-a bta x^pwr, 
 
 fiejiaKev 6\lns ov pedvaTepov 
 
 TTTepols oirabols vttvov KeKevdot,^, 
 
 TO, p.ev Kar olkovs €0' eortas dxr] 
 
 rdb' ecrrl kuI rQvb' VTreplSaTj^Tepa. 
 
 rb^ -nav 8' d<t>' ^"EAAaroy ala, avvopp.ivois 
 
 TTevdeia rXrja-LKdpbLOs 
 
 bopoiv (KddTov TTpeireL, 
 
 TToAAa yovv OiyydveL irpbs rjirap' 
 
 ovs p,ev ydp *tls e7Tep.\l/ev 
 
 oTbev dvTL be (fxaroov 
 
 rei^XV Kal airobbs el, ^Kdarov b6pov9 d<l>LKvelTau 
 
 6 xpV(Tap.0Lpbs 8' "Aprjs (roipdra^v arp, y\ 
 
 Kal TakavTovxos ev p.dxri bopbs 
 
 irvpojdev ef 'lAtou 
 
 (t>CkoL(rL TTepLireL jSapv 
 
 "^ypa bva-bdKpvTov dv^ 
 
 TTjvopos o-TTobov yepU 
 
 Ccoi; \e^rjTas * evOeTovs. 
 
 crrivova-L 8' eZ \4yovTes dvbpa rbv pev iy 
 
 17 
 
 4»5 
 
 420 
 
 425 
 
 430 
 
 43<S 
 440 
 
 445 
 
 386. Ttpo^ovUnais MSS. corr. Hart. 397. twv8* MSS. con. Klaus. 
 405^ K\6vov^ Xoyxit^ovs t€ nai MSS. omit 6' MSS. corr. H. 412. 
 ai-]fd(j' drifios oKoldopos ddiaros dtp^tiivoiu MSS. corr. H. 
 
 f<A) C"" wf 
 
 ''■'''" ■. "'V *i iiiiill'' 1 
 
 l^Z M-,r- ^7- ^"^- «^- '" '"^- ^'«=^- '°"- ^"^ 
 
 444. (veiTov MSS. corr. Stan. 
 
i 
 
 18 
 
 A12XTA0T 
 
 /xax^/s IbpLS' Tov 8' €v (povals Ka\m TreaovT 
 aXXoTpias ^6tat yvvaiKor "^ tcl be alya Tis ^av- 
 (u' (f)6ov€pov 8' vtt' aXyos epirei irpobUoL^ 'ArpetSats. 
 
 ol b 
 
 aVTOV 7T€pt T€LXOS 
 
 OrjKas ^Ikiabog yas 
 
 €Vixop(j)OL Karixova-iv' ix^pa b' exovras eKpvyjrev. 
 
 450 
 
 b' 
 
 ■Jf 
 
 465 
 VTrepKoVw? 
 
 470 
 
 Papela 5' a(TT(ov c^cirts ^vp Korea' avr, y\ 456 
 
 br]p.oKpdvTov b' apas rivii XP^'^s. 
 
 /uteVet 8' aKovcraL ri fxov 
 
 \xipi\Jiva vvKTrjp€(t)is. 4^"^ 
 
 TQ^V TTOXVKTOVMV yCLp OVK 
 
 ao-KOTTOL Qeoi KeAat- 
 
 val 8' 'Epti;ves XP^'^^ 
 
 Tvxf]pov ovT avev buKas TTaXivrvx^'^ 
 
 Tpt/3a /3iou Tt^eio-* apLavpov, iv 8' at 
 
 (TTOts reXeOovTO^ ovtls clXkcc to 
 
 kXv€lv 
 €v papv' pdXXeTai yap ocrcroLS bioBev K^pavvos* 
 KpLVit) 8' a(f)dovov oXfiov. 
 pLrjT elrjv TTToXiiropOrjs 
 
 pLYfT ovv avro9 aXovs vti* dXXcov /3tor KaTiboLfJH, 
 TTVpos 8' vtt' evayyiXov iiTi^b, 475 
 
 ttoXlv birjKei 60a 
 (Sd^LS' €t 8' €Tr]TvpL(aSt 
 Tis dlbevy 7/ ^TL Oelov cort ^ ttj yfrvOos. 
 Tis a)8e 7rat8i^os rj (jypevStv fccKO/ix/xeVo?, 
 (f)Xoyos irapayyiXpiaa-LV 4S0 
 
 vioLS TTvpaiOivTa Kapbiav, ^tt€lt 
 aXXaya Xoyov Kapielv ; 
 
 447. Sid MSS. raZ'. MSS. coir. II. 467. vircpuSro}^ MSS. 
 
 478. Toi . . . {xi) MSS. corr. Ahr. 482. \6yov9 Fl. text Fa. 
 
 AFAMEMNflN. 
 
 yvvaiKos alxp.a TrpcTrci, 
 
 TTpo T-oi; (pavevTos x^P^^ iwaLveaau 
 
 TnOavos ayav 6 OrjXvs opos imvepL^TaL 
 
 TaxvTTopos' aXXa raxvpiopov 
 
 yvvaiKoy-qpvTov oXXvTai kX^os. ,< 
 
 Tax' da-oixeaOa Xapurdbeav (fyaea-cpopoov 
 
 (t)pVKTiopL(av re Kal irvpbs irapaXXayds, 
 
 ctr ovv aXrjOels €lt dveipaTdiv bUrjv 
 
 TepiTvbv rob' iXdbv (pm i(t)7]X(0(r€v <t>P^vas. 
 
 KTipvK a-n aKTTJs Tovb" 6p(a KaTda-KLov 
 
 KXdboLs iXaCas' /xaprvpet 8e fioi Kdats 
 
 TTrjXov ivvovpos bixl/Ca kovls rd8e, 
 
 ws OVT avavbos ovtc (toi baCoiv (f)X6ya 
 
 vX-qs opeCas (rrjpLavel Ka-nv^ irvpos, 
 
 dXX' 1] to xatpeii; fiaXXov fK^d^et XiyaiV 
 
 TOV dvTLOv 8e roto-S' diToa-Tepya) Xoyov' 
 
 ev yap irpos €v (l>ava.(rL Trpoa-OriKr] jriXoi, 
 
 ocTTLs Tdb' 6,XX(os Tfjb' iiievxeTat ttoXci, 
 
 avTos (ppcviov KapirolTo ttjv ap.apTiav. 
 
 KHFTH. 
 
 to) Trarpcpoi; oybas 'Apyeias x^oi^oy, 
 b^KdTiD o-e c^eyyet TaJ8* a^iKO/xTji; eVov?, 
 TToXXtav paycicnov iXirCboov pnas Tvx(av. 
 ov yap TTOT r)vx(^vv rf/S' iv "Apyda xOovl 
 Oavwv fxedi^eiv (piXTdTov Td(l)ov iiipos. 
 vvv xalp€ p.^v xO(^v, xalpe b' ^Xlov dxioy, 
 v^^ds T. x<^pa. Z^s, 6 UvU .' &va^^ 
 To^OLS la-KTcav pLrjK€T ds Tjixas jBiXrj^ 
 
 483. h yvvaiKos MSS. 
 C 2 
 
 19 
 
 48; 
 
 490 
 
 495 
 
 500 
 
 505 
 
 510 
 
20 
 
 AI2XTA0T 
 
 "^y Trapa 2Kdixavbpov * rjcO' avipcTLOi* 
 
 6.vai "AttoXKov, tovs t a^mutovs Beovs 
 
 TTCLVTaS TTpOO-auSw, TOV T €p.bv TL^dopOV 
 
 *Ep^rjv, <i>ikov KTipvKat KT^pvKOiV ericas, 5*5 
 
 ^pa)9 T€ Tovs iripLxIfavTas, evp^evels ttoKlv 
 
 oTpaTov bix^a-OaL tov X^K^iyLp-ivov bopos* 
 
 ib> fxikaOpa jSacnkiiJov, <^tXac oriyai, 
 
 (r€^voL re ^afcot, baCfxovis r avrriXLOi, 
 
 *ct TTov TiSiKai, 4>aLbpoL(n roto-tS' o/x/xao-t 530 
 
 be^ao-de koV/xo) jBaa-Lkia ttoXXw XP°^4*' 
 
 ^Kcc yap vpTiv <|)&)j ci; ^vcjypovr) <i>€p(iiv 
 
 Kal.Tola-b' airaa-L koivov ' Ayaix€ixv(ov dva^, 
 
 aXS! €v viv dcnrda-acrOe, Kal yap ovv -npiiiti, 
 
 Tpoiav KaTa(TKd\\ravTa tov biKif](p6pov 525 
 
 Atos pLaKiXXrj, Trj KaTeipyaaTat. -nibov, 
 
 j3a)/xol 6' Sto-rot Kat ^ewi; Ibpvp^aTa, 
 
 KOL o-Trep/xa Tracrrjs i^airoWvTai. x^o^os. 
 
 TotopSe Tpota Trepi/QoXwz; C-^VKTTjptoi; 
 
 ai/a£ 'Arpet8rj9 irpia-j^vs €vbaip.(xiV dvi]p 53° 
 
 ^KCt, Tteo-^at 5' dftwraros /3poTO)i; 
 
 Toii; vvv' ndpis ydp oi/re avvTeXr]^ iroKis 
 
 €^€VX€Ta(, TO bpapia tov TrdSovs iikiov, 
 
 oc^Awy ydp dpTrayrjs T€ kol KXoTrrjs bUrjv 
 
 tov pva-Lov 6^ i]piapT€ koI iraviaKeOpov 535 
 
 avToxOovov iraTp^ov idpiacv 80/xor. 
 
 biirka 8' €Ti.(Tav ITpta/xtSai ddjxdpTLa, 
 
 XO. KTJpuf 'Axatwi; x^'^P^ '"^^ "^^ orparou. 
 
 KH. xatp^ *y€' T€dvdvaL 8' ovk er direpw ^eots. 
 
 511. ijxees Fa. 7i\6\ with -€s superscribed Fl. 512. Kal vaydj- 
 vioi Fl. Kdirayowios Fa. corr. Dobr. Ahr. 520. rjiTov MSS. 539. 
 xatpw TiOvdvai MSS. con. Eng. 
 
 AFAMEMNflN. 
 
 21 
 
 540 
 
 XO. Ipcoy TTarpcpas rrJo-Se 77/9 c' iyvpivaa-ev ; 
 KH. (Sot* ivbaKpvcLv y d/x/xaorty x^P^^ ^^*'' 
 XO. T€pTTvfjs dp' rJTC Trja-b^ iirripoXoi, voaov, 
 KH. TTwy 87} ; 8t8ax^els ro€8€ beaiToaai koyov, 
 XO. Twi; dvT€p(avTOi)v l/xepw ^ ittTtXriyp.ivoi, 
 KH. TTodciv TToOovvTa TTjvbe yrjv crrpaTov Xcycty ; 545 
 XO. 0)9 TToAX' dfxavpds €k (f)p€v69 fx dvaarivuv* 
 KH. TToOev TO bva-cppov tovt iirrjv aTvyos * (jypivQv ; 
 XO. -TToAat TO (Tiyav (j)dpp.aKov I^Xdfirjs cx^* 
 KH. Kol TTws ; diTovTOiv KOLpdvoiv Irpet? nrd? ; 
 XO. ^m vvv TO (TOV bri, koX Oavdv ttoWt) X^P'^* 55° 
 KH. €v ydp TriTTpaKTai, TavTa 8* iv ttoAAcS xP^^^ 
 Ta fiiv TLS ^dv ki^€L€v €VTT€Tm ix^Lv, 
 Ta 8' avT€ KaTrCfiofjicpa, rty 8^ TrAr/i; ^ewi; 
 diravT dTTrip.(t}v tov bC aloivos xpd^^^ * 
 fxoxOovs ydp el \iyoi\n. koX bvaavXias, ^^5 
 
 airapvds TrapTjfeis Kat KaKocrTpdrovSt tI V ov 
 aTivovT€s, ov t Aax^rrcs rjfxaTos iJ.€pos ; 
 Ta V avT€ X^V^V *^^^^ TTpocrijv, irXiov arvyos' 
 €vval ydp ^jaav batoav Trpoy re^x^^^^* 
 If ovpavov 8e Kdud y^s Act/xctfi/tat 560 
 
 t bpoaoi. KaT€\l/dKa(ov, epurcbov atvos 
 iaOrjpLdTOiiV, TiOivTcs ivO-qpov Tpixa. 
 Xei/xwz/a 8* e^ A^yot rts oIijuvoktovov, 
 olov irapelx dcfxpTov ^IbaCa x^^^> 
 ri OdXiros, evre t^ovtos h pL€(n]fxppwai9 565 
 
 KolTais dKVfJLOiv vqv^fxoLS evboL irea-iav' 
 tC TavTa rrevdelv bel ; irapoCx^Tat. ttovos* 
 
 541. kni. Fa 542. iffT€ Fl. 544. V€vXyjyfiivos MSS. 547. 
 
 crparS) MSS. corrupt. <pp(vuv H. 550. c&v MSS. corr Seal. 
 
 552. tv MSS. 557. Kax^vTts corrupt. Perhaps vdaxovrts or 
 icXaiovTti. 
 
 V 
 
27, 
 
 AISXTAOT 
 
 irapoLX^rai be, toI(tl fjikv TedvrjKocrLV 
 
 TO iMTiTTOT avOis fiTjb^ OLvacTTrjvat. jxikCLV, Q 
 
 tC tovs ava\(t)$ivTas iv '^rjclx^ Aeyetr, 570 
 
 Tov ((avTa 6' aXyelv XPI TV^rj^ TToKiyKOTOV ; 
 
 KoX TToAAa \aipuv fv/x(/>o/)ats Karaftw. 
 
 r^iuv 6e rots XotTTOtcrti/ 'Apyetwi' oTparov 
 
 vLKa TO Kepbos, irij/xa 6' ovk avTLppiireL, 
 
 ws KopLTTaarac r(j)5' euos ^A(ou <^dct, 575 
 
 VTrep 6aXd(r(rr}s koI xOovos iroToap.ivois* 
 
 Tpoiav l\6vT€S brjTTOT 'ApyeCoiv aTokos 
 
 deoLS \d(l)vpa TavTa Toh KaO^ *EAAa8a 
 
 Softots eTTda-a-qXeva-av apxpXov yavos. 
 
 ToiavTa XPV li^vovTas €vkoydv ttoKlv 580 
 
 Kol T0V9 o-TpaTTjyovs' Kol x«pts TLp^rjo-eTou 
 
 Alos to5' €KTrpd^a(ra. irdvT ix^LS koyov, 
 
 XO. VLK(apL€V0S XoyoLCTLv OVK dvaivop.ai. 
 
 del yap 7] 13 a rots yipovartv €V [xaOelv. 
 
 bojxoLS b^ TavTa kol KKvTaLfJLvrjarpa p.i\€Lv 585 
 
 ctKos /xdAtora, ^vv 6c 'nkovTi^uv e/xe. 
 
 KA. dv(i)\6Xv^a pikv irdXai x^P^^ I'^o, 
 
 or rjXO^ 6 Trpwros rv^'os dyycAos irvpos, 
 
 (PpdCiov dAoxrtz; 'lAtou t' avdorracrLv. 
 
 Kal tIs p! ivLTTT(t)v etTre, (^pvKTiupCiv bia 590 
 
 TTCtcr^eto-a TpoLav vvv Treiropdrja-OaL boK€is ; 
 
 rj KdpTa TTpos yvvaiKOS aXpeaOai niap, 
 
 Adyots TOLOVTOLS TtkayKTos oScr' ^(f)aiv6pi.r\v» 
 
 6p.a)s 8' iOvoV KOL yvvaLK€L(o v6p,(o 
 okoKvypbv dAAo5 dAAo^ez; Kara TrrdAti' 
 ikaa-Kov ev(^r]p.ovvT€S, iv decov eSpats 
 6vr](t)dyov kolplQvtcs evcabrj (f)\6ya. 
 ''koI vvv tol pLaacra) pikv tl Set a ipiol kiyciv ; 
 dvaKTOs avTov irdvra Treva-op^cu koyov. 
 
 595 
 
 ArAMEMNI2N. 
 
 23 
 
 1 
 
 0770)5 8 apLCTTa TOV (piov alboLOv Tioa-iv 600 
 
 cnreixTiti irdXtv p,oK6vTa bi^acrOai — tl yap 
 
 yvvaLKL TOVTov (piyyos rjbiov bpaKilv, 
 
 duo oTpaTelas dvbpl aaxravTos Oeov 
 
 TTvkas dvoi^at ; — TavT aTrdyyeikov Trdcrcf 
 
 7JK€LV 0710)9 rdxto"7"' (pdapnov TToAct. 605 
 
 ywatfca TnaTr^v 8* iv 8d/xot5 evpot pLokhv 
 
 otavTT€p ovv eAetTTe, bo)pdT(ov Kvva 
 
 iaOkriv iK€LV(a, TTokepLiav toIs bvcr^poariv, 
 
 KoX rdAA' opoiav irdvTa, crr]p.avTr]pLOv ' 
 
 ovbev biacjiOiipaa-av iv prfK^i xP^^^ou. 610 
 
 0^8' ot8a Tipy^riv ovb^ iiTLxf/oyov <f)dTLv 
 
 dkkov TTpos dvbpos p-akkov rj x^^f^o^ fia(j)d'i, 
 
 TOLoab^ 6 KopiTos Tr]s dkrjdeCas y€p.(t)v 
 
 OVK alcrxpos o)s yvvaiKl yevvaCa kaKelv* 
 
 XO. avTT] p,€v oiJrois ctTre p.avddi;ovTL (tol 615 
 
 TopoXaiv ippir]V€V(TLV evirp^Tim koyov. 
 av 8' eliri, KTJpv^, Mevikfoov be ircvOopLaty 
 et vocTTipLos ye kol area-oia-piivos irdkiv 
 ^£ft $'fJi^ vp.lv, TYjabe yTJs (pikov i^pdTos.^jM 
 
 KH. OVK ea-B* ottcos kj£aip,L to, xj/evbij Kaka jf 620 
 is top TTokvv (pikoKn KapT^ovadaL xpovov^ 
 
 XO. TTWS brJT hv ^eliTiav Kebva Tok-qOrj * tvxols ; 
 a (f'xto'^ei'ra 8' ovk evKpviTTa yiyveTai Tdbe, 
 
 KH. av7]p d(f)avTos i$ ^Axolukov o-TpaTov, 
 
 avTos T€ Koi TO -nkolov, ov \l/€vbrj Aeyo). 625 
 
 XO. iroTcpov dvaxOeh iptpavios i^ 'lAtov, 
 
 rf x^^P-^y Koivov dxOos, rfpiraae (XTpaTov ; 
 
 KH. eKVpcras ojaTe To^oTrjs oLKpos aKOirov' 
 
 613. KH. MSS. 622. TVXI7S Fl. Tvx^ Fa. 624. dvrip MSS. 
 corr. H. 
 
24 
 
 A12XTA0T 
 
 XO. TToVepa yap avTov C<^vtos tj redvrjKoros 630 
 
 (fyaTLS TTpbs aWodv vavrCXoov iKXfj^eTo ; 
 
 KH. ovK olbev ovbeh &(tt aTrayydXai ropcos, 
 Tr\r)v Tov Tpi<f)ovTos ^HXiov x^ovos (t>v(Tiv. 
 
 XO. TTw? yap Aeyets x^'M^^<^ vavTiKi^ arpaTia 
 
 ikddv T€k€VTrj(rai re baifjLovcov koVo) ; ^ 635 
 
 KH. €V(l)r}ixov rifxap ov TrpeTret KaKayye\(a 
 y\(a(rarj niaiveiv x^pts 7; rt/xr) ^ecSi;. 
 orav 8' aTreuKra 7rr//xar ayyeAo? TroAet 
 oTvyrw TrpoataTTca tttcdo-lijlov (rroaTov (f)ipr}, 
 TToAet fxei; cAkos ez; to hrn^iov rvx^v, 640 
 
 TTokkovs b€ TToWiav i^ayio-OivTas boficov 
 &vbpas biirX^ jxdcrTLyL, Tr]v "Aprjs c^tAet, 
 bCkoyxov aTTjv, (fyoiviav ^vvoDpCba' 
 TOL&vbe fxivTOL irrjjjidToov * a-eo-ayfxivov 
 TTpiiTCL Xiyuv iraiava tovV 'EpLvvoiV 
 cr(i)Tr]p[a)v be TTpaypLaTOiv cvdyyeXov 
 rJKovTa irpos xaipov(Tav cveojpt TroAcr, 
 Tim Kcbva roh KaKolcrt avpLfiL^a), kiycov 
 X€Lp.o)v ^'Axatots OVK dfJLrjVLTov * deo^v ; 
 ivvtiiiiodav yap, ovres cxOTcttol to irpiv, 650 
 
 TTvp Koi edkaao-a, Kal tol ttlo-t ibeL^aTrjv, 
 (t>ddpovTe TOV bv(TT7]vov 'Apydcov orpaTov, 
 (V vvktI bva-KVfxavTa b' o^piapei KaKL 
 vavs yap irpos akkrjkaL(n 0p7//ctat irvoal 
 ^ rjpeekov at 8e KepoTvirovfMeuai /3ta ^w 655 
 
 X€t/Xa)i;t TV<p(0 aVV (dk^'^T^ OfJLppOKTVTU^ 
 
 i^X^^'^' d<i)avToi, TTOLfJiivos KaKov arpolBio, 
 
 645 
 
 
 5 '^ 
 
 644. a^aayixivwv MSS. 649. 'AxmZv . . . e,oh MSS corr. 
 Dobr. H. 655. ifipuTiov Fa. KipooTvirovufvai MSS. 
 
 AFAMEMNIIN. 
 
 ^TTet 8' ai^TjA^e kafxirpbv Tjkiov (jydos, 
 opCifXfv dvOovv irekayos Alyalov vcKpoh 
 avbpcav 'Axaioov vavTiKols t ipenrCoLS, . 
 ^May ye fJ.€v brj vavv t CLKripaTov aKd(t)Os 
 rJTot TLS iieKkefcv rj 'irjTria-aTo 
 Beds TL9, OVK dv9pa)TTos, ota/coy Oiycav, 
 rvxn be <TO)Tr}p vavv Oekova ^(piCero, ,.•* 
 0)9 fxrjT iv opp.(a KVj^aTos Cakrjv exeiv 
 IXTIT e^OKukdu-npos KpaTaCkeoiv x^dva. 
 e-neiTa b' "Aibriv ttovtiov ^(pevydTes, 
 kevKov Kar riiiap, ov TTfTTOt^oVe? tv'x??, 
 e^ovKokovixev (ppovTiaLv viov irddos, ' 
 o-TpaTov KaixdvTo^ Ka\ KaKm (nrobovixivov. 
 
 Kal VVV €K€LVOOV ct TLS iaTlv epLTTvioiV, 
 
 kiyovcTLv rifxas m oAwAoVa?, tC fxri ; 
 Vl^eis T €Kdvovs TavT ^x^lv bo^dCofxev, 
 ^^ y4voLTo 8' 0)? dpiara. \ Mevekeoiv yap ovv 
 TTpGiTdv T€ Kal iidkKTTa TTpoabdKa (xokelv. 
 
 €t 8' ovv TLS dKTh fjkCoV VLV l<TT0pd 
 
 Kal C^vTa Kal ^keiTovTa,' ixt)xavals Atoy, 
 ovTToi dekovTos e^avoXfaaralyivoSi 
 
 iklTLS TL9 aVTOV TTpoS bdp.OVS 7J^€LV TtdkLV, 
 
 Too-avT dKOiia-as XctOl Tokrjerj Kkvoiv, 
 XO. tCs ttot d^vofiaCev 58' 
 €9 TO irav iTT^rdfiotis — 
 jJ-rj rts ovTLv ovx opco- 
 /xer TTpovoiaLo-L tov TTeTrpcufxevov 
 yk&(T(rav iv rvxq vifioDv ; — 
 rdv bopCyap,ppov dpL<pLV€LKrj ff 'Ekivav ; 
 €7T€L TrpeirdvTOis ' 
 
 25 
 
 660 
 
 665 
 
 670 
 
 675 
 
 arp. 
 
 680 
 
 ' a . 
 
 $ 
 
 685 
 
 673- ravr' MSS. 
 
 I 
 
 iiSfl 
 
26 
 
 AI2XTA0T 
 
 AFAMEMNilN. 
 
 t/ 
 
 kkivaSi ekavhpos, kkiiTToXiSy 
 €K T(OV a^poTi^oiv 
 
 'TTpOKaXviXlMCLTOiV €TTX€V(T€ 
 
 ^€(f>vpov yiyavTos avpa, 
 TTokvavbpoL T€ (/)e/)ao-7rt8es 
 Kvvayol Kar Ixyos 
 
 KiK(ravT€S 2l}i6€VTos 
 
 CLKTOLS ^ €li a€^L(t)Vkk0VS 
 
 bC €pLV alfxaToeo-a-av. \ 
 
 'IXto) 8e KTJhos 6p- 
 
 6(0VVIX0V T€k€a(rL(t)pO)V 
 
 pLTJVLS Tjkao-eVi rpaTre- 
 
 fas ^ aTLixoiOTLV v(rT€p(o XPoVw 
 
 Kttl ^VV€(TTLOV AtOJ 
 
 TTpaa-a-opiiva to vvii(l)6Ti\xov [xiXos €k- 
 (f)dT(i}9 TLOvras, 
 
 VjMivaLOV, OS TOT €TTipp€TTeV 
 
 yayi.fipol(nv acibeiv. 
 IJL€TaiJLav6dvov(ra 8' vixvov 
 UpidpLOv ttoXls yepaia 
 TroXvdp7]vov piiya irov (ttIv^i, 
 KLKX.ri(TKOV(ra Udpii; 
 Tov alvokeKTpov, 
 "^ TTaixTTopOrj TTOkvOprfVOV 
 al(ova "^ 8tat ttoXltclv 
 fiikeov alp! dvaTkacra' 
 €6pe\l/€V he ^kiovTos t- 
 VLV bopLOLS dydkaKTov ov- 
 
 690 
 
 695 
 
 avT. a . 
 
 700 
 
 705 
 
 710 
 
 715 
 aTp. /3'. 
 
 695. nXdrav MSS. corr. Heath. 697. Itt' d^i<t>. Fl. €ts af^np. Fa. 
 703. dTinojs Fa. drifxcos i'v Fl. corr. Cant. 714. vanTrpoaOr] MSS. 
 715. dfiipi -aoXirav MSS. 717. \iovra ffiviv MSS. corr. Conington. 
 
 725 
 
 ivT» p,', 727 
 
 ra)S avT\p (pikopiaa-Tov, 
 
 iv pLOTOV TTpOTekeLOLS 720 
 
 &fJL€pov, ev<j!)tAo7rat8a, 
 Kol yepapols iirCxapTov, ^ 
 TTokia S' * eo-zc' iv dyKciAats, 
 V€OTp6(f>ov tIkvov bUav, 
 (paLbpoDTTos ttotI x^^P^f ^f'^^' 
 va}V T€ yaa-Tpbs dvayKais. 
 
 XpOVLO-Ods b' d7T€b€L$€V* t]- 
 60s to TTpoS TOKioiV' XCLpLP 
 
 yap Tpo(f>evcnv dixei^oav, 
 
 p,rjko(f)6voL(n * avv arats 730 
 
 balr CLKikcva-Tos ereufei;* 
 
 atpLaTL 8* otKoy i(f)vpdr]' 
 
 ap.axov 6.kyos oUiTaLS, 
 
 ixiya (TLVOS TTOkVKTOVOV 
 
 €K Oeov 8' iepevs tls a- 735 
 
 TaS bopLOLS * TTpO(r€dp€(t)6r]. 
 
 Ttap avTCL 8' ikOdi; is 'IkCov irokiv arp. y 737 
 
 kiyo\.\k hv (ppovrjpia [lev 
 
 vrjvipLov yakdvas, 740 
 
 CLKaa-Kalov "^8* ayakp.a irkovTov, 
 
 piakOaKov SpLpidTaiv pikos, 
 
 brj^CdvpLov ^poDTos dvOos. 745 
 
 irapaKkCvaa iiriKpavev 
 
 b^ ydpLov TTLKpas TekevTds, 
 
 bvaebpos Kal bva-opukos 
 
 723. €ax' MSS. corr. Cas. 727. I^oj MSS. ^Oos Con. 
 
 729. Tpo<pas yap Fl. Text Fa. 730. fir]\o<f>6voi(Tiv drais Fa. 
 
 /i. draicriv Fl. 735. ■Kpoa(rpd<pr] MSS. corr. Heath. 737. 
 
 vdpavra MSS. 8* Fl. 8* o5i/ Fa. 741. MSS. om. t\ 745. 
 irapaK\ivova' Fa. Text Fl. 
 
28 
 
 AI2XYA0T 
 
 '"' (TVfxiva UptafxCbaLo-LV, 
 
 WlK^OKkaVTOS 'EfiLVVS, 
 
 TTakaCcjyaTos 6' iv PpoTois yipcuv \6yos clvt, y . 750 
 
 rervKrat, \kiyav t^\^(t- 
 
 6ivTa (jxarbs okfiov 
 
 T€Kvod(r9aL juitjS' 6,TTaLba Ovrjo-Keiv, 
 
 iK 8' ayaOas TV)(^as yivci 755 
 
 pXaarTOLVCLV CLKOpeaTov nl^vv. 
 
 8txa 8' ak\oi)v yi.ov6(^puiv et- 
 
 liL TO bva-creP^s yap ipyov 
 
 fiera p.€v irkeiova tlktcl, 
 
 (T(\>€Tipa 8' ctKoVa yivva, 760 
 
 olK(siv 8' ap evdvbiKOiv 
 
 KaAAtTrat? TroV/xoy aet. 
 
 <|)t\et 86 t[kt€lv vjSpLS crrp. 8'. 
 
 /ut^z; TraXata i/ea- 
 
 fovo-ay €v Ka/cotj fiporiav 765 
 
 VpplV TOT rj TOd , ^ 0T€ TO KVpLOV fJiOArf 
 "^ (pdoS TOKOVi 
 
 baCpiovd T€ ^ TCLV ap.a)(ov, airoXcpiov, 
 
 aviepov 6p6.(T09, fMekaivas fi€k6.6poL<TLV ara?, 770 
 
 * ctSo/xej^as TOK€V(nv. 
 
 biKa be kdjjLTTCL /uter iv avT, 8'. 
 
 bva-K-diTvoLS b(aixa(nv, 
 
 Tov 8' IvaicTiiiov tUl [/3toz;]* 775 
 
 TO. yjpvcroTTacTTa 8' * tbedka crvv ttCv(^ x^pStv 
 
 TTOkLVTpOTTOLS 
 
 755. y^p hvdffi^is MSS. v'^e. orav MSS. on Kl. 767. 
 V€apd ^(iovs /^(Jtov F1. Fa. via 5' tcpvatv Kopov Pal. ^os t(5«ov 
 Eng. 769. T^v MSS. dfMxov om. Fa. 771. tiSofxivav MSS. 
 775. /Siov MSS. prob. corrupt. 776. taOXa MSS. corr. Aurat. 
 
 7,80 
 
 U 
 
 AFAMEMNliN. 29 
 
 o^fiaa-L kn:ov<r oa-ia * Trpotr/fxoXc 
 bvpaixLV ov (rilSovara irkovTov TrapdcrrjpLOv atr^* 
 irav 8' CTTt T€pp.a ra)/uta. 
 ^ye 87/, pacTLkevj Tooias TTTokiiTopO\ 
 Arpecos yeveOkov, N 
 
 TTois ere TTpoa-elira) ; ttoSs (tc a-^fii^oiiy 785 
 
 - jLtijd' VTifpapas pLrjO^ vTTOKdpL\jfas / 
 
 KOA,pov j(ipLTos ; 
 
 TTOkkoX b\ PpOT&V TO bOKUV Ctl/ai 
 
 TTpoTiovcn biK-qv irapajBavTes* 
 
 r<j) 8t;o-7rpayo€i^Tt 8' €fiaT(vd\€LV 790 
 
 iras rts erot/xos* 8^y/uia 8^ At^ttt;? 
 ov8ey e(^' ^Trap irpoa-LKvelTai,' 
 Kol (vy\aCpov(riv o/xotoTrpcTret? 
 dy eXaorra irpoa-cdTTa ^La(6pL€voL. 
 ooTis 8' dya^os 'iTpo^aToyv<oix(av, 795 
 
 ov/c eoTt Aa^etr 6p,p.aTa (fxtiTos 
 TO. boKovvT €V<\>povos €K 8tai/otas 
 v8ap€t craCveLV c^tAoTTjrt. ^^-^ 
 <n» 8e /mot rore fjtcz/ oTeAXcoi; orpartdj; 
 ii4Aer?]S ei;^/c, ov yap ^ a €7rt(C€Va:«, 
 Kapr d7ro/x6wa)s ijcr^a yeypapipiivos, 
 ov8' €V '7 rpa7rt8a)l> oTafca vi^ioii; 
 dpdaos *€K^dv<rL(ov 
 dvbpda-L 6vri<TK0V(ri, KOfxCCoiv. 
 
 vvv 8' ovK. diT* OLKpas (t)p€Vos ovb^ d(t)Ck(t)S 805 
 €V(l)p(ji)v ^TTVoos €u T€ki(ra(ru 
 yvdiCTH. b\ xpovif biaTTevdoixevos 
 
 11 
 
 779. vpoui^a rov MSS. corr. H. 791. detyna Fl. 800. <r' 
 omit. MSS. corr. Musgr. 803. Ikovoiov MSS. text Franz. 8o6, 
 ir(5»'oy MSS. woos Weil. 
 
 'A 
 
 .,i«"-f~ 
 
 800 
 
 il 
 
30 
 
 AI2XTAOT 
 
 TOV T€ biKaCo)? KOL TOV CLKaCpOiS 
 
 TToXiv oUovpovvTa ttoXltcov. 
 
 AFAMEMNHN. 
 
 TTp&Tov jikv "Apyos Koi Ocovs €yxoi)piov9 810 
 
 bUrj Trpoo-eiTTctr, tovs ifjLol ixcTamovs 
 
 vooTov biKaCaiv 6' o^v i-rrpa^aixTjv ttoKlv 
 
 npL'dp.ov. bUas yap ovk airb yXtadcr-qs Oeol 
 
 k\vovt€S^ d,vbfigKimT^s 'iXCov <f)eopas 
 
 ds alp,aTr]pov revxos: ov bLxoppoircoi 81 5 
 
 \lfri<povs ^6€VT0' 7(5 5' ivavriio kvt€l 
 
 iXirls TTpoa^cL x^t/joy ov TTXrjpovjievio. 
 
 KaTTv^ 5' akova-a vvv It cva-rjiios TroAts. 
 
 6,Trjs 6v€k\aL foSo-f (rvvdvrja-Kovara be 
 
 O"jrq3os TTpoiri^TTct, Trlovas ttKovtov Trvods. 820 
 
 TOVTOiV Oeoiai xprj TToXyjivrja-Tov x^P'-^ 
 
 tCv€LV, CTTCtTTC/) KOL TTayOLS VTTepKOTOVS t^ ^ ' 
 
 * i(fpa^d'fjL€(f6a, /cat yvvaiKos oijveKa 
 
 TTokiv bL-qpLadwev ^Apyeiov d^Koy, 
 
 tinrov vjoa-aost a(nnboaTp6(t)09 X^M^, Sis, 
 
 TirjbTjiM opova-as dfJL(j)l nXctaScoi; bv(nv' 
 
 VTT€p6op(i)v be TTvpyov (l)fjLT](rTr]s Aecoz; 
 
 abrjv ^KeL^ev atpLaros TvpavviKov. 
 
 Oeoh fJL€v i^€T€Lva (j)poiiiiop robe 
 
 Ta b is TO (TOV <t)p6vr]iJ.a, fjL^fjLvrjfjLai Kkvoavy 830 
 
 KOX (f>T]pX TaVTOL KOL (TVVriyOpOV il €X€LS, 
 
 TravpoLs yap dvbp(ov i<rTL avyyevh Tobe, 
 (j)ikov TOV evTvxovvT dv€V (t)S6vov a-ifieiv. 
 bva(pp(t>v yap ios Kapbiav Trpoa-rjiievos 
 
 823. ypaidfifaea MSS. corr. H. Pal. 831. ravra MSS. 
 
 \ 
 
 ArAMEMNflN. 
 
 31 
 
 o-xOos bfnXoi^ei tw TTeiraiilvi^ vocrov, 835 
 
 rots T avTos avTov 'nrip.acnv jBapvveTai. 
 Kal TOP Ovpaiajj okfBov daoputv arivii' 
 elbws kiyoLfx dv, (v yap i^fTTLaTapLai, 
 
 O/LttAtaS KaTOTTTpOV, (tbdikov (TKLCLSy 
 
 boKovvTa^ (hat KdpTa irpevpieveU epLoL 840 
 
 fxovos 6' ^Obv(r(T€Vs, ocnrcp ovx eKoii/ cirAct, 
 - CevxOeU €TOLpLos rjv ifxol o-etpac^opo?*^-" \r 
 €LT ovv dav6vT09 (Itc Kol (<aVT0S Tiipi 
 Aeyo). Ta 8' ^AAa ttdos TroAtz; re Kal Oeovs 
 KOLvovs dyGiVas ^ivT€s iv TravT^yvpu) 845 
 
 l3ovk€V(r6p.€(T6a, Kal to pL€v Kakm €xov 
 0770)9 xP^^^Cov ev /xerct /3ovk€VT€ov' 
 ot(^ be KOL bel <l)app.dK(iiv TTaiiavioav, 
 7JT0L K€avT€S rj TepLOVTes €V(t)p6v(t)s 
 TTeLpaaonea-da * tt^/i' diroarrpixl/aL vocrov. 850 
 
 vvv 8' €j fxekaOpa Kal bofjiovs icpea-TLovs 
 ekOoiiv OeolcTL irpcoTa Seftcwo-o/xat, 
 otTTep TTp6(Tit) TtipA^ravTes ijyayov irdkLV. 
 VLKTj 8' fTretTTep ecnreT , ipLiribm /xeVot. 
 KA. dvbpes TroAtrat, 7rpeV/3o? 'Apyelcov Tobe, 855 
 
 OVK al(TxvvovpLaL tovs (^ikdvopas Tpoirovs 
 Aefat TTpos vpLOLs* Iv XPo^<f> ^* diT0(i)BLvu 
 TO Tdpfios dvOpdi-noKTiv, ovk dkkodv irdpa 
 fxaOova, ifiavTrjs bv(T(f)opov ki^o) (3lov, 
 Toaovb^ oa-ovnep ovtos riv vtt* 'lAto). 860 
 
 TO fxfv yvvaiKa irpo^Tov dpcrevos St'xa 
 ^o-^at bofxoLS ipr}pLov eKiraykov KaKov, 
 TTokkds Kkvovcrav ^ Kkrjbovas TrakiyKOTovs' 
 
 I50.' m^/uaroy rp^if^ai v6<yov MSS. corr. Pors. 863. iJ5ovas MSS. 
 cort". Aur* 
 
3^ AI2XTA0T 
 
 Kol Tov [xkv i]K€LVy TOP 8' iiTca-cpfpeiv KaKOV 
 
 KOLKLOV a\ko TTTIlXa, kdcTKOVTas bojJLOLS, 865 
 
 KOL TpavixcLTOiv [uv €t t6(T(dv Ivvyyav^v 
 
 avrjp 6b\ 0)5 TTpbs olkov a>x€r€vero 
 
 0(irts, *TiTpr}TaL biKTvov irkiov \4y€LV. 
 
 €t 8' i)v T€6vrjK(as, ws iirXridvov Aoyot, 
 
 TpLcrcofxaTos rhv Tr]pv(i)v 6 bevTcpos 870 
 
 [TToXkrjv av(t)d€v, ttiv Kdrca yap ov Aeyw] 
 
 xOovos TpCfioLpov x^oXvav e^r^^xet ^\a/3et2', 
 
 a77af €Kacrrw KarOavcav iJLOp(f)(ap.aTL, 
 
 TotwrS' €Kan K\r]b6v(tiv irakiyKOTCDV 
 
 TToWas dvdiOev dprdvas eixrjs bip-qs 875 
 
 iKvaav aXXot, irpbs jBiav AeXr/jut/xez;?;?. 
 
 €K T(ovb4 TOL irals kvOdb^ ov Trapaa-Tarel, 
 
 €I1(0V T€ Koi (TlOV KVpLOS ^ TnorTOifJLdTCOV, 
 
 m XPW> 'Opia-Trjs' ixrjbk OavixdaDs Tobe, 
 
 Tpi(t)€L yap avTov ^vp.€VT]S bopv^evos 880 
 
 ^TpocpLos 6 ^a)K€Vs, dfKftCkcKTa Trrfnara 1 
 
 €p.ol 7rpO(l)(jiiV&V, TOV 6' W 'iXlO) (Tid€V 
 
 Kivbvvov, et re brjfjLodpovs dvapxta 
 
 ^ovXrjv KaTapp[ylr€i.€v, ware (rvyyovov 
 
 PpOTola-L TOV irea-ovTa XaKTiaai irXiov. 885 
 
 Toidbe ixivToi crKrjxIrLS ov bokov (fyipii,, 
 
 efxoLye fikv brj KkavfJidToov iiTLcra-vTOL 
 
 irriyal KaTea-jSrJKaa-Lv, ovS' ivi. a-Taycav. 
 
 iv oxlfLKOLTOLs 8' ofipLain fiXdfias ex^, 
 
 Tas dp.(l)L (TOL Kkaiovaa \afXTTTrjpov\Lai 890 
 
 cLTrjixeXrjTovs aliv, kv 8' ovdpacn 
 
 867. av-qp MSS. 868. rhpojTai MSS. text Ahr. 871. No 
 doubt corrupt. 872. Aa^So/v MSS. corr. K. Pal. 878. viariv 
 
 fi&Toiv MSS. corr. H. 
 
 ) 
 
 905 
 
 AFAMEMNXIN, 
 
 XeTrrats i-nal icaJrwTroy iirjyeipSpirjv 
 pLiralcri Ooiicra-ouTo^, dfxcfil aoi irddri 
 6po)(Ta irKdio tov ^vvei^bovTos xpovov. 
 vvv TavTa -ndvTa T^acr' dir.vd^Tco 4>p,vl 
 i^iyoip: ^v dvbpa Tdvb,, T^v cTTadpLcov Kijva, 
 <rcoTrjpa vabs TrpdTovov, vyl^rjXijs (TT^yrjs 
 o-Tv\ov TTobriprj, fiovoy^vh tIkvov irarpC, 
 Kal yrjv (Pavela-av vavTiXoi^ -nap' kkiriba, 
 KdXXi^Tov ^ixap dcribdv U x^^fJ^aros, 
 
 6boL7r6p(a bLxj/covTi TTTjyalov peosj^ 
 
 r€p7Tv6v 8^ TdvayKalov lKcl>vydv 6,7Tav, 
 TOiotcrbi ^ ToC viv diiG, 7Tpocrct>diyp.a<TLv. 
 Hovo, 8' aTT^crro)- ttoAA^ yhp r^ ^plv Ka/c^ 
 VV€Lx6p,€(Tda' vvv b4 p.01, (p[\ov Kdpa, 
 €K(3aLv' dirrivrj^ Ttjcrbc. p.^ Xap,al TiOds 
 t6v ahv -nob', Sm£, '\Kiov TTopO^Topa. 
 Vwar, tC p,ik\ed\ ah I'nicTTaXTai tIKo^ 
 'nibov K,\e6eov a-Tpc^vviJva, iT.Tdcrixacnv ;| 
 
 €v6^^ y€v4<Tea> iropctivpdcTTpuiTos 7ro>os 
 
 es biop; d€\TTTov <J,s ^v ^yfJTai bUrj, 
 ra b' dWa <t>povTh oix vttv<o vLKa,p,4vri 
 6V^€L bLKaCm crhv O^oh dp.appLiva. 
 Ar. A^'8ay yiv^BXov, ba>p.dT(ov ip^c^v (t>v\a$, 
 diTova-Cq fi^v etTray ctVoVcos ipLjj' 
 fxaKpdv yap i^heivas* d)OC haiaiixm / * 
 ^ alvuv, -nap' d\\a>v XPV rdb' ipx^adZ yipar 
 Kal Tdk\a /xr) yvvaLKos iv Tpoirois ip,€ 
 &§pvv€ /X7;8e jSap^dpov </)a>r^s bUrjv 
 XO'H'aLTTeTh ^6ap.a Trpocrxdvrj^ ip,ol, ^^^ 
 
 li^b" ef/xao-t o-r^oJorao-' €m<f>eovov iropov 
 
 903. Toivw MSS. corr. Schutz. 
 D 
 
 33 
 
 89.5 
 
 900 
 
 910 
 
 915 
 
34 
 
 AISXTAOT 
 
 !l 
 
 Tt^ft* 6(ovs rot roto-Se TLjigX^^lp xpetav' 
 iv ttolkl\ol9 b^ OvrjTou ovTa KSXk^aiv 
 fiaiv€iv ifxol fiev ovbafxcas 6.V€V (j)6f3ov, 
 Aeyo) Kar avbpa^ jirj ^eoV, (rifieiv ifii. 925 
 
 X^pts 7robo\lrrj(rTp(i)v re kuI rtav ttolkCKcov 
 K\rib($>v avTcl' /cat to fxr} KaK(as <f)pov€iv 
 6€ov fjiiyia-Tov b(opov. oXjSCa-aL be XPV 
 fiiov TfXevTrjcravT iv cvcoTQt <pi\r]. 
 ''*^"^€t TiavTa 8' ^s TTp&a-o'oipL &v, evdapa-rfs eyw. 930 
 KA. Kol ixr]v ToK c^Tre jtx^ 'napa yv(ap,rjv ipLOi, 
 AT. yv(apLr]v jxev taOi fxr} bLa(f)d€povvT ipii, 
 Ki\. r]v^(t) Ocoh bcLcras hv cS8' €^€lv rdbe ; 
 AT. etirep m, fibm y eS Tob^ i^elirov reAoj. 
 KA. ri 8' hi> boKel (tol Il/ata/xo? et ra8' yvvcrev ; 935 
 
 AT, iv TTOLKlkOLS ^V KCLpTa fJLOL firjvaL b0K€L. "^ 
 
 KA. pLTj vvv Tov avOpcairetov albea-Oys \lr6yov. I 
 AT. (f)rifJLrj ye fxevTot brjfiodpovs fieya adev 
 ( KA. 6 8* a(f>d6vr]T6s y ovk eTTCCrjXds ireKeu \ ._l 
 AT. ovTOL yvvaiKos eariv l\xeipeiv fiaxn^' 94° 
 
 KA. Tols 8' oAyStoty ye kol to vLKacrOai. Tipiiiei, 
 AT, ri Koi (TV VLKTjv Trjvbe bripLos Tt€ts ; 
 P^ KA. TTiOov' KpcLTos pLevTOL TTCLpe^ y eK(av epoL, 
 AT, aK)C el boKel (tol Tav9\ viral rty apfivkas 
 
 XvoL TCL^os TTpobovkov ep^acTLV TTobos, i 945 
 
 KOL Tolcrbe p! epPaivovB^ akpypyecriv OeS^v 
 pri Tis TTpoa-oiOev oppaTos fidkoi <f>Q6vo^, 
 TToAX?) yap ai8a>9 * boaparoipOopeXv ?roort 
 <f)deipovTa itXovTov apyvp(avr\TOvs &* v(/)a9. 
 TOVTODV pev ovTd)' T-qv (evrjv be irpevpevias 950 
 
 930. vpaff<Toifi€v H. 946. ow raia^f Fa text Fl. 948. 
 
 OiufMXTOipdopfiv MSS. dcjfi. Schutz. 
 
 
 AFAMEMNilN. 
 
 T77z;8' ia-KopiCe' tov KpaTovvTa p.a\daKm* 
 $€09 TTp6a-u)dev evpev(09 Trpoa-bepKeTai, 
 eK<av yap ovbeh bovXtia XPVT^f- C^y<3. 
 avTT] be TToWiov xpr]p6.Toi>v e^aipeTov 
 avdoSi oTTpaTov b<apr}p\ epol ^vvicmeTo, 
 CTret 8 OLKoveiv a-ov KaTearpapuai rdSf, 
 eV es bop^oiv pieKadpa, iropcfyvpa^ TraTQv. 
 KA. eoTLv e6Xaa-a-a, tLs be vlv KaTaafilaei ; '^ 
 Tpe(^ova-a TroAXr^j '"^P^'^P^^ * ^^^pyvpov 
 Kr]KLba Tia-yKaivKTTov^elpaTOiv Pa(f>as, 
 oIkos 8' v-napxei Twvbe avv 6eols, 6.va^, 
 ^X^LV TriveaSm 8' ovk HCa-TaTai bopos. 
 TToXkSiv TTaTT](rpov 8' eip.aTa)v ^v rjv^dpirjv, 
 bopoLO-L TTpovvexOevTos ev XPl^^VP^o^'^j 
 ^vxrjs KopLLOTTpa TTJa-be p.r)xav(iipevri, 
 piCrjSi yap ovcrx]^ (jyvXXas iKer es 80/xouy, 
 a-Kia /^virepTelvaa-a aeipiov kvvos, 
 Kal aov pLoXovTos bcupaTlTLV ecrTiav, 
 OaX-nos p.ev ev x^'M^^' (rqp,aiveLS poXov* 
 OTav 8^ revxn Zevy dir' oji^aKOs iTLKpas 
 olvov, TOT Tibri yjrvxo9 ev bopois iriXeL, 
 avbpbs TeAeich 8a)/x* eirttrrpax^to/xei'ow. ' * * 
 Zed Zev r^etc, Ths ip.as cvxay rcAcf 
 p,4Xoi be Toi (Tol TwvTTep hv jJiiXXjis TeXetv. 
 XO. TliTTe pioi T08' epLvebm orp, a, 
 
 belp,a TTpoaraTripLov - 
 KapbLas TepaaKOTTov TTOTaTai, 
 fiavTiTToXel 8' oKeXevcrTos apuaOos ^018 J* ' * 
 
 i,( 
 
 35 
 
 ,,l»'^:,4 '4 
 
 9.-5 
 
 ^4. 
 
 960 
 
 965 
 
 970 
 
 975 
 
 959. fh dpyvpop MSS. 965. fir})(avufji(vrji MSS. corr. H. 
 
 969. fioKdjy MSS. 970. Zfvs r MSS. 976. huyiM Fl. htifm 
 Fa. 
 
34 
 
 AI2XTA0T 
 
 iv ttolklKols be Ov-qrov ovra k6,\\€(tlv 
 PaCveiv ifiol jiev ovbaixcas &v€v <f)6^ov, 
 Xiyai Kar avbpa^ fxr} deov, ai^eiv efii. 925 
 
 X^P'^ T^obo\jrri(TTp(i)v re kuI T(ov ttolkCXcov 
 K\r)b(ji)v avTfl' Kol TO fjLT] KaKios (fypovelv 
 Oeov iiiyioTov bcapov, oXfiicrai be XPV 
 ^lov TeKevTrjcravT iv evea-Toi <f)i\r]. 
 ** jr ~ '*"v*N.»€t TrdvTa 8' Ay irpda-croLpL av, evdapcrrjs ey(o. 930 
 y^ KA. Kot pLTjv Tob^ dire /m?) irapa yv(op,r}v e/xot. 
 
 AT. yvcopLTjv [xev laOi \u] bLa(f)d€povvT e/ut€. 
 KA. rjv^cd Oeoh beCaa? hv wS' epbeiv Tabe ; 
 AT, etTrep rts, €lb(as y ev tqV i^elirov reAoy. 
 KA. TL 8' ^v boKel <roL Flpta/xo? el ra8' TJvva-ev ; 935 
 AT, €v ttolklKols hv Kapra p.0L jSrjvaL boKcl, "^ " 
 
 KA. pLYj wv Tov avOpdmeLov albeaOffs \lr6yov, Vy^.^-^ 
 AT. </)r}/xr; ye p.kvroL by\\i.6Qpovs p.iya aOiv 
 i KA. 6 8* a<f)66vr]T6s y ovk iTTLCrjkos ireKeL. \ 
 
 AF. ovTOL yvvaLKos eoTLv IjJLeCpeLV jtxaxT/?. 940 
 
 KA. TOLS 8' oXpLOLS ye kol to vLKaa-daL TrpcTrei. 
 AF. Tj KOL (TV VLKr]v Tifjvbe b^Lps rtW ; ^ 
 
 1^ KA. ttlOov' KpcLTos fievTOL Trapes y eK(i)v ^pcoL 
 AF. dAA' el boKel (rot Tavd\ vTral tls apj3v\as 
 
 XvoL tclxos TTpobovXov epLJBaa-LV TTobos, ^ 945 
 
 KOL Tolabe fjL epL^aLvovd' qkovpyecrLv OeS^v 
 Ijuff TLS TTp6(T(t)6ev o/xfiaro? /3aXot (jyOovos. 
 TToXX?] yap alb<as * b(*)pLaTO(f)6opelv Tro<rl 
 (pOeCpovTa ttXovtov apyvpoivrffovs Si* vc^a?. 
 TovTiov piev ovTOi' Tr}v ^evrjv be TTpevp.evS>s 950 
 
 930. vpaa<Toin€v H. 946. cvv raiaSf Fa text Fl. 948. 
 
 c<ufiaTo<p6op€Tv MSS. botfx. Schiitz. 
 
 AFAMEMNnN. 
 
 35 
 
 (■' ' ,« 1 V •^" 
 
 955 
 
 / ** 
 
 960 
 
 9^>5 
 
 /^ 
 
 TTivV ea-KopLL^e' tov KpaTovvTa p.akOaKm 
 Oeos TTp6(TOi)6ev evp.evm TTpoabepKeTaL, 
 eKOiv yap ovbels bovXCc^ xprJTaL fuycS. 
 avTT] be TToKXcov xpjjpiaTcov e^alpeTov 
 6.v6oSf (TTparov b(s)pr)p.\ c/xot ^vvia-TreTo, 
 ^Tret 8' OLKoveLv <rov Ka TJarpa pLpLaL rciSc, 
 ct/x' es b6p(t)v p.i\a$pa, 7rop<f)Vpas TraTcav. 
 KA. ea-TLV 66Xa(T(ra, tls be vlv KaTaa-Bia-ei t'^ ^ ^^ 
 Tpetpova-a TroWrjs TTOp(f)vpas *lo-dpyvpov^ •> 
 Kr}KLba TTayKalvLaToPy €t/xara)i; ^a(f>ds. 
 OLKos 8' VTrdpxeL T&vbe avv $eols, Sraf, 
 ^X^LV TreveadaL 8' ovk eTrCa-TaTaL 80/X09. 
 TToXX(av TTaTrj(Tpbv 8' ct/xdrajz/ hv rjv^dpirjVt 
 b6p.0L(rL TTpovvexOevTos iv XPV^'^''lP^oiLS, 
 V^X^^ f^op.L(TTpa Tr\(Tbe p.r)xaviiipevr\, 
 P^Vi y^P ^^9'V^ (t)vXXas LKeT is bopiovs, 
 CKia .^VTTepTelvaa-a (reLj)Lov kvvos* 
 KOL <rov pLoXovTos 8cu/xaTmv earrLay^ . 
 6&Xt:os p.ev ev x^^M^^t oripatveLs p.oXSv' 
 6Tav be Tevxjl Zev^ oltt* ofn^aKos TiLKpas 
 dtifov, TOT ipK] yfrvxos ev bopoLS TteXeL, 
 avbpos T^eidv bo^pi iTTLOTpaiipaipAvov, 
 Zed Zev rlDieLe, Ths ip,as cvxdy r^Xcf 
 pieXoL be tol crol T&vTrep hv iieXXrjs TeXeiv. 
 XO. TLTTTe pLOL Tob^ epvebcos 
 belp,a TTpoarraT^pLov ^ 
 KapbCas TepacTKOTWv' -Ti^rarai, 
 p-avTLTToXel 8* oKeXevarros ap^LaOos dotSi'^Ir'* 
 
 959. fU dftyvpop MSS. 965. fxrjxavojfjifVTji MSS. corr. H. 
 
 969. fioKwv MSS. 970. Zcj/r r' MSS. 976. Stiyyux Fl. 8«t>a 
 F*. 
 
 B 2 
 
 «U4>€" 
 
 970 
 
 erp, a . 975 
 
3^ 
 
 AI2XTA0T 
 
 M- 
 
 ,»^- 
 
 ovb^ aTTOTTTva'aL bUav 
 
 .1, 
 
 980 
 
 ^1-1 
 
 
 7 
 
 bvCTKpCTCOV 6v€LpaT(i>)f 
 
 (l)p€vos (i>i\ov dpovov ; f xpovos 6' eirl 
 7TpVlXV7](r[(i)V *^ ^vv6ul3o\aLs 
 ya/xfxtas axara^ iraprj- 
 
 ojpro vavparas (rrpatos. 
 i:€v6op.ai 8' ctTr' o/ut/xarcdz; 
 rooToz^, avTOfjiCtpfvs wr' 
 Tor 8' az^eu \vpas ^ofKwy v/mrwSet 
 OpTJvov 'EpLvvos avToblbaKTos ia-caOev 
 OvpLos, ov TO Tiav ix.(t)V 
 iXiTibos <t)L\ov Opacros, ^ ^ 
 
 (nrXdyx^va S' * ovn fMard^eL ly^' ; 
 TTpos ivhUois (ppecrly T€k€(T(j)6pois 
 bivais kvkKov\i€vov Keap. 
 evxop'O'f' 8' OLTT* €/xas * Toiavr 
 iXiribos ylrvdri irca-elv, 
 
 €S TO IXrj T€X€(T<l)6pOV. 
 
 fjLoXa yk tol ^to /xeydXas vyte^as 
 
 985 
 
 avT, a . 
 
 990 
 
 995 
 
 Vir"i|r 
 
 ^i... 
 
 1000 
 arp, j3'. 
 
 f CLKopea-Tov Tipfxa, v6(ros yap * del 
 yeiToaV opiOTOLxos epetoct, c („ 
 
 KOX TTOTp-OS €v6vTT0p<aP v ,^, IOO5 
 
 * * * -X- * 1 , 
 
 dvbpos iiraLcrcv a(l)avTov ep/xa. 
 Kal TO pikv irpb xPVh''^'^^^ 
 
 980. avoirrvaas Fl. text Fa. 982. t£€i MSS. corr. Seal. 
 
 983. lir€lFl. 984. fw€/«/3<5\ots MSS. 990. Sircys MSS. 991. 
 'E^ii^vs MSS. 995. ovToi MSS. 998. €$ (fMs Fl. to< Fa. om. 
 
 Fl. TomvT* K. looi. 7ap Toi Fl. 7^ roi 5^ Fa. ras woAAay MSS. 
 
 text Pal. rd iroXcos Enger. 1002. om. det MSS. 1006. line 
 
 omitted probably. 
 
 ; 
 
 
 AFAMEMNXIN. 
 
 37 
 
 loio 
 
 KTTjcrliov oKvos ^aX<aVf 
 
 <r(l)€vb6vas an eiffxeTpov,^-^ 
 
 ovK ibv TipOTTas. bifjios 
 
 TrrjiJLOvas yipLOiv &yav, I 
 
 ovb^ CTToWto-c <rK(!i<^oy. 
 
 TToWd TOL boa-LS €K Atoj d/xi^tXat^Tjy tc koi If 
 
 dX'^KO)!; €7T€T€LaV 1015 
 
 vrjoTLV wAeo-er v6(tov, 
 
 TO 8' IttI yaz; "^Treo-oz; ^Traf BavA<np.tm hrr, p,\ 
 TTpoirSLpoLd^ dvbpos p^kXav alfxa tCs hp 1020 
 
 TrdAtr dyKaXeVatr ^TraetScor ; w*^ * '^^'*^' 
 ovSe Tov 6p6oba7J9^ 
 t(ov (pOLfxivcov dvdyeiv Jm> 
 
 ^Z€vs * dTT^Travirei' ^tt' evXa/Jefa ; f ' ■ 
 e^ 6e jLt?) TCTayfiiva |/ 1025 
 
 /xotpa pLolpav Ik OeQv 
 €ipy€ fir} tt\€ov (fiipuv, 
 Trpo(l)6d(racra Kapbia 
 y\5i(T(Tav hv T(i8' efex^t. 
 
 VVV 8' VTTO (TKOTia fipip.€i \ \ 1030 
 
 $viiaXyris re Kal ov8cj/ k-n^Xiroixiva ttotc KaCptov 
 
 tx 
 
 iKTo)iV7r€V(r€iir, 
 
 lAA. 
 
 ><^ fcoTTvpov/xepay (f)pcv6s* 
 KA. €t(ra) KOfxiCov Kal (r6, Kajrcrdybpav Xcyo), 
 lire^ <r' edrjKe Zevs dfxrjvlTois bofjiois 
 KOLVdivbv etrat xepvLJBoiv, TroWwv /uiera 
 dovXoDi;, araOcLo-av ktyjo-lov ^odfiov TrcAay, 
 l/c/3atr' diTTJvijs TTJcrSe, fxr/8' vircpcfipovci, 
 Koi iralba ydp TOi (paalv ^A\K^rjpii$ ^<*'"^ 
 
 1035 
 
 1040 
 
 1019. ire(r<5j'd* aira^ MSS. 1024. out' tvavcfv MSS. text 
 
 Hartmig. Iir* d&Xafi(i<^ yf Fa. text Fl. 
 
38 
 
 AI2XTA0T 
 
 
 TTpaOivTa Tkrjvai koX (vycav Biydv pCq, 
 
 €1 6' ovv av6.yK7) t^o-5' iinppiTroL Wx^J, 
 
 apxcLLOTrXovTijov b€(nTOT(ap iroAAi) x6,pLS» 
 
 0% 8' oi/TTor' cATT^o-azrres rjiXrfa-bv koAo)?, 
 
 w/xot re SovAots iravTa Kal irapa ardOpLr^v. 1045 
 
 Ix^ts Trap' ^/xwi/ oIciTre/) vop^i^^Tai. 
 
 XO. (To^ rot Xeyovo"a Traverat <Ta(i>r\ Koyov. * 
 kvTos h * aAoOcra pLOpaipLCdv ayp^viiaroiv, 
 ttclOol av €l ireCdoL' dircLOoCrjs 5' t<ra>s. 
 
 KA. oAV etiTcp iarl /xt) x^^'^'^^Vos 8tKr]i; 1050 
 
 ayvcara (jxovriv ^dp^apov K€KTr]p.ivr\, 
 €(7(0 <ppev(av kiyov(ra ireCda}' viv Aoyo). 
 
 XO. Ittou. tol AcSora Ttav xapeorwrcov Acyet. 
 TTiCOov, \LTrov(ra Tovb^ ap.a^ripr] Opovov, 
 
 KA. o{>Tot ^ dvpaCa Trjb'' e/xol gx oAry Trapa 1055 
 
 Tpi^uV TO. pikv yap eortay jLteo-o/jt</)dAou >^ ^♦"x*!*^' / 
 €(TTi]K^v rjbri pLTJXa Trpoy (T(l>ayas irvppy. 
 
 0)9 ovTTor ikirCaracTL rrjvb^ €^€iv ydpiv,, 
 
 orb 8' €? rt Spao-ets Twi'Se, /x^ (txoAtjz; tlO^u.i^ ^ 
 
 ^—♦v^,-i|V.i--.-tvC' 
 
 io6dk-/ 
 
 \ 
 
 x» * ' 
 
 AFAMEMNHN. 39 
 
 XO. €ya> 8*, e-noLKTdpo) yap, ov Ovp-caa-Qfiiiu^^^^^^^ ^/ ^ ,, , / 
 
 , y W, o) rdAati^a, roVS' epT^/xoJo-ao-' oxoi', u*-d.i,. 1070 
 
 »--«-|?l.. 
 
 4 
 
 XO. 
 KA. 
 
 
 I 
 
 KA22ANAPA. 
 
 OTOTOTOi TTOTTOt 8a.7 l»^-l ^C-^ *''^P* " 
 
 uiTToWov (OTToAAor. ^ ' /t 
 
 rt raCr dvcoTorv^as ap(f)l Ao^lov ; 
 
 qv yap rotoCros a>(rre Opr]in]Tov ri;x€U . 
 
 drororot TroTTOt 8a. 
 
 a>7roAAoy oiiroWov, , . '^i 
 
 '0 
 
 'Uc 
 
 1075 
 
 ImMili Ji 
 
 XO. f) 8' avrc bvo-<t)r}pLOva-a tov O^ov KaAet 
 KA. 
 
 
 ov8€y TTpocrriKOVT €v yoots 7TapaaTaT€iv» tJ/ ,; 
 "ATToAAoy 'ATToAAoi' > orp. ^ . ""'* 
 
 €t 8' d^vvripLaiv ovara fxri 8ex€t Aoyoz;, 
 (TV 8' drrt (f)(i)vrjs (t>pdC€ Kapfidvca x^P'* 
 
 ' \0, (piXrjvi(DS €OLK€V f) ^IvT] TOpOV c 
 
 bdddai' TpoTTos 8^ erjpbs 0)5 veaLpirov. 
 KA. ?} pLaCveraC ye Kal KaK<av /cAvet (f)p^vCtv, 
 
 rJTLs \LTTovara pikv ttoXlv v^aip^Tov . pf-tj.^, jio6s ^i^. 
 rJK€L, x^^'^oy 8' ovK ^irla-TaTaL (pipciv, **-i^'*<-C7j^, 
 
 TTpti; alpLaTrjpov i^acjypCCeo-Oai /xeVoy. 
 oif pLTiv TrAe'ft) plxj/acr drt/xca^?](rofxai. (^ 
 
 104T. TXrjvai Sovkfias iia^r^s /Sta Fl. text Fa. IO42. imppivu 
 Fa. 1048. ^v ovffa MSS. text Schneid. 1055. ^vpaiav T-qvb" 
 
 MSS. 
 
 1- 
 
 C^. 
 
 1080 
 
 ^ 
 
 XO. 
 KA, 
 
 XO. 
 KA. 
 
 XO. 
 
 dyviar aTioAAcoy e/xds. • '"c*^ ^ 
 
 d7:(aX€(Tas yap oy jjloKjs to bcyrepov. 'e^ ^^/^ *-*-/^. 
 
 XpTjo-eti; eotKcr ap<p\TSv avTjjs KaKcoi/k, "^^.^ ^ ^^ 
 
 /jteWt ro ^etoi; bovkCa ^ iiep iv <pp€vL 
 
 "AttoWov "AttoWov ^'•' drr. /3'. 1085 
 
 dyvtar' dTrdAAcoi; e/xdy. "^ ^ '**' 
 
 a TTOt TTor riyayis /xe ; Trpos irotaj; artyjiv ; 
 
 irpbs Trjv 'ArpetSwi;* et <rv fxr) rd8* erz^oeis, 
 
 eyo) Aeyo) o-of Kat rd8' ovk epetj x/n;^?;. 
 
 pLLo-odiov pi^v ovv, TToAAd avvi(TTopa oTp, y . 1090 
 
 avT6<f)ova KaKci "^ Kat dprdi^aj, 
 
 di/8pos "^^ <r(t)ay€iOv Kal iribov pavTi'ipiov. 
 
 eotKei; cvpts 17 ^€vr] kvvos olktjv 
 
 elvai, p,aT€VU 8* Siv * di^eupTjo-et (povov. 
 
 107 1. i/cov(j' MSS. corr. Rob. 1084. irap* !»' M.G. wapiv ¥1 
 vapbv Fa. 1091. K&pTavas Fa. xaprdi/at M.G. Fl. 1092. 
 
 a<pc.'^tov MSS. 1094. a>v h.v evprjar} M-G cDk €<p€vpT}<j€i Fl. Fa. 
 
 corr. Pors. 
 
 ,; r 
 
 
»■*'-'. fit*! "xm , 
 
 40 
 
 AI2XTA0T 
 
 1095 
 
 1 100 
 
 w 
 
 ^^ 6/.. 
 
 -^x. 
 
 1105 
 
 avT, . 
 
 KA. fiapTvptoLo-i yap Tola-b" iTTLTTeidofxar avT, y 
 KkaLOj ieva rdbe Ppi<f>r) <T(f>ayas, 
 OTTTCLS re a-apKas irpbs irarpos /^e^pw/xeVas 
 
 XO. 7]p.€v k\4o9 crov fxavTiKov TreTrva-fxivoL' 
 
 "^TovTcov TTpocpriTas 6' ovnvas fJLaTevofXfv. 
 
 KA. lo) TTOTTOt, TL 77076 llTlh^Tai / OTD. g' 
 
 TL Tobe vlov a^os ixiya 
 
 liiy iv 80/xoto-t Tola-be fxribeTaL KaKov 
 
 a(t)€pTov (pLkoLo-LV, bvcrCaTov ; akKa 6* 
 
 €Kas aTTooTaret. 
 XO. TovTOiv aCbpLs dpLi T(av ixavTeviJ^aTOiV 
 
 iK€Lva 6' eyvoiV iraa-a yap iroKts fioq. 
 KA. lb) rdXaivay robe yap reAet?, 
 
 TOV OfMobi^VLOV 7t6(TLV I 
 
 XovTpolai j^aWpvvaa-a^-^mm (fypadon rikos ; 
 
 To-xos yap rob" (a-rau irpoTeivu bl xelp e/c iiio 
 
 X^pos ^opiyfjLara. 
 XO. ouTTo) ^vvrJKa' vvv yap ef alvLy^aTaiv 
 
 iiTapy€fj.OL(rL deacfxiTOLS a[JLrjxav(o, 
 KA. c €, TTaiTal Tvairal, tl rob^ <f)aiveTaL ; 
 
 rj biKTvov TL "Aibov ; 
 
 akX' apKVs V ^vv€vvo9, rj ^vvairta 
 
 <i)6vov, (TTacTLs 6' CLKoperos yiv€i 
 
 KaTokokv^droo dvpLaros keva-ipiov. 
 XO. TToiav 'Epivvv rrivbe bcopLaaiif KcAet 
 
 iiTopdidCeLV ; ov fxe ^bubpvv^i koyos. 
 
 im be Kapbiav €bpap.e KpOKo^a<f)7\s 
 
 (TTp. 
 
 i 
 
 '■■■'■I 
 
 y 
 
 1115 
 
 ■■,/-• 
 
 1 1 20 
 
 1095. ixaprvploi^ filv yap Fl. Fa. V. TofaSf irfTreiOofiai MSS. 
 1096. rdSf M.G. ra FL Fa. V. 1098. ^ficv G. Fl. V. tJ /ii)^ M ? 
 V hiv Fa. 1099. ritiiv MSS. tovtcjv Weil. 11 11. dpeyofx^va 
 
 M.G. op€7/x^i/a Fl. Fa. V. con. H. 1117, dK6p(aTos MSS. 
 
 AFAMEMNHN. 
 
 41 
 
 avT, c'. 
 
 1125 
 
 iMmi"*! 
 
 aTay<av, t ^t^ * *^3^P*^^ iTTiaa-LfJiOS 
 ^vavvT€L piov bvvTos avyals. 
 
 KA. & ^. t8ov i8ov' ^TTexe ttjs jSoos 
 
 TOV TaVpOV' iv TriTTkOLO-L 
 
 ^ IJL€kayK€p(^' Aaftovcra iir\\avr}p,aTi , , 
 
 ''4^ TVTTTef ^^v€i V *h iJhpl^ ^i^TH. 
 
 ^boko(p6voy (^IB-qTo^ Tvvav crot Xeyo). 
 
 I ' *.'»■''' -■ r i^liii Mill «f^^ ' ~"'.^,,. 
 
 , XO. Oi' KO/xTTao-rft/A aj* 6€(r(f)dTa)v yvcofxaiv aKpos 1130 
 . ^ ctz^ai, KaKci) 5€ ro) TTpo(T€LKd((o Tabe. v 
 
 CLTTO b\ d€<T(l)<JLT</DV TIS CLyaOoL (l)dTLS 
 
 ,,^ ^ - - "'"",1* •■%. ' '' 
 
 ppoTols xTTikkeTat ; KaKc^v yap * Seal 
 TToAveTTct? re^i^cit ^eo-7rta)8ovJ^< 
 (f)6^ov <f)€povcnv fxaOelv. 
 ^KA. 10) tft) TakaCva9 KaKO'noTp.oi Tv^cit. 
 
 TO yap Ip^ov 6po(a irddos * eireyxeat. 
 'S'ct """^^ ^'^ M^ SeOpo Tr]v Tokaivav ^yaycs ; 
 /-O ovbiv TTOT ci fx^ ^vvOavovfiivqv, tL ydp ; 
 ,;>JCO. (\)p€voixavris ns et 6€0(f>6py]T09, dp.- 
 
 . <^t 5' avras dpoels 
 S L 1^0^01^ ^vofjiov, old TLs ^ovOa 
 -^ ^ CLKopeTos fioas, (t>€v, Takaivais (^peaflv 
 ■^ "Itvv *Itvv arivova dii(f)iBakrj KaKoh 
 
 drjbtav pLov» 
 KA. to) lo) Atyetas p.6pov d-qbovos' 
 
 * irepL^dXov ^a^ ol TTTepocpopov bifias 
 
 OTp. f'. 
 
 
 1 140 
 
 " ^ 
 
 "45 
 
 dvT. 
 
 1122. Ktti Sopia M. /cat Scupia G. V. Fl. dojpia Fa. corr. D. 
 
 1 127. fifXdyKcpaiv Fa. Fl. V. and M. originally. tifXayKoipowi G. 
 
 1128. MSS. om. iv. T€i5x" MSS. corr. Blom. H. 1133. Sid M.G. 
 5^ at' Fl. Fa. V. 1137. Iv^yx^aaa M.G. knayxiaaa V. Fl. Fa. 
 (TTiyxiai Campbell. 1143. AxSpearos MSS. cf. 11 17. 1I47. 
 TT(p($d\ovTO ydp M. v(p(0d\\ovTo ydp G. rrfpi^aKovrts ydp Fa. 
 Fl. V. corr. Blom. 
 
 1* .1'^ 
 
 '■■fe; 
 
 f ' 'i 
 
4^ 
 
 AI2XTA0T 
 
 Oeot, ykvKVv t al(ava K\avix6.T0)v arep* 
 eftol 8€ juttfti/et (rx^ia-fjibs ayi.<priK€i bopL_ 
 XO. 7t66€v iirLcraijTovs Oeocpopovs t ex^et? 1150 
 
 pLaraCovs bvas, 
 TOL 6' iTTL(poPa bv(r(f)dTia Kkayya 
 
 pi€X0TVTr€LS OpLOV T OpOiOLS kv VOpLOLS / 
 
 TToBcv opovs ^X€LS d€(nT€(rCas obov 
 KaKoppr\p,ovas ; 1155 
 
 KA. l(i> ydpLOL yapLOL JJdpibos okidpLOL cpCkuiv' arp, f'. 
 tc!) ^Kapidvbpov irdrpLov tiotqv. 
 TOT€ p.€v apL(pL (Ta^ oiovas ToXaiv 
 rjvuTopiav rpocpah' 
 
 VVV 5' a/Ut<^l KoiKVTOV T€ Kd\€pOV(TlOV^ 
 
 oxOovs ioLKa dicn^L(obri(r€LV rdxa. ** 
 XO. tC Tobe Topbv dyav Ittos k<\)r]p.i(T(ii ; 
 veoyopos ^ hv amv piddoL, 
 Tr€TT\r}ypLaL 5' VTral ^ dciKet (f>oivii^^ 
 bvcraky^l Tv\a pnvvpa KaKci ^ 6p€vp.ivoLS, 
 6pavp.aT ipLol Kkveiv, 
 
 KA. tO) TTOVOL TTOVOL TToAeOS 6kopL€VaS TO TTOLV. 
 1(0 TTpOTTVpyOL 6v(TLaL TTaTpOS 
 
 TTokvKavels jBoTOiv iroLovopicov' a/co? 6' 
 ovbev €TTripK€crav 
 
 TO /xt) TTokiv plv axrirep ovv Ix^' iradelv, 
 eyo) 0€ ^ ueppfjv ov. oray ei; ttcow pakca ; 
 XO. €7i6pi€va TTpoTepoKTi. Tab* i(pr]pi.[(r(jti, 
 
 KaL TLS (T€ * KaK0(f)p0V(0V tCOt}' 
 
 1 148. d7wi'o MSS. II 52. km(p60(p M.G. I163. veoyviis 
 
 ivdpii-nojv fxaOoi MSS. /fai itah vto'^ovos h.v n&Ooi H. text Karst. 
 I164. 6'qyfiari MSS. 1 165. dp^ofiivas MSS. 1 166. ^au^tar' 
 
 Fa. text V. Fl. 1172. Otpfjiuvovs r&x ifurid^ MSS. corr. 
 
 Miller. ii74- KaKOcppoveiv MSS. 
 
 
 116: 
 
 dvT, f . 
 
 II 70 
 
 43 
 
 liyj 
 
 AFAMEMNHN. 
 
 ai baCpLoyv \m€p^api)s ^imiTvoiv 
 /xeXtfetv irddT] '^o€pa 6avaTy](f)6pa. 
 T^ppua d' dp.r]\av(a, 
 KA, Kttl p.T]v 6 Xp-qapLos ovkIt €k KakvppdToav f^ 
 iar ai SeSopKws i^eoydjuou jwpL(f)r}s bUrjv 
 kapLiTpo9 6* ioiKcv rjkCov irpbs dvTokd^ ^ iiSo 
 
 TTV^div €(rr)^€iVf ware KvpiaTOS bUrjv ^c*^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 *KAi;^eti; TTpos avyas Tovbe TrrJ/ixaroj ttoAv 
 
 
 '*" 'TIi, 
 
 c^il™ ■I'' 
 
 I '90 
 
 Kal pLapTvp€iT€ (Tvvbp6pL(»)s txvo9 KaKQv i ti,. y** 
 pLinfkdTovair) rwi; TrclAat ireTTpaypLevcov, f iiSf 
 
 TTjv yap ariy-qv Tr^vb* ovtiot iKkeiTTci x^po? 
 <rvpL(f)doyyo9, ovk cvc^coros* ov yap €u Aeyct. 
 Kttl /x^v TreTTcoKwy y'^,^ a>y dpaavvfo-daf, iikioi^^ 
 Pp6t€L0v alpa KiopLOs iv 60/xois /uici/et, 
 Svo-TTe/xTrroy e^o) avyyi^aiv 'Epi.vv(i>v. 
 vpLVOV(TL 8' vpivov b(iipa(TLv TTpoaripevai 
 TTp<6Tapxov 6.T7)v' €v /xep€i d' aTriiTTva-av 
 €vvas dbekipov, rw TtaTovvTi bvapev^is, ^ 
 rjpiapTov, rj ^ dr}p<a rt To^oT-qs tU (os ,\ 
 ri \lf€vb6uattTLs €t/xt OvpOKOiros (pktboiv ; 
 iKpLapTvprftrbv TTpovpLocras to (i elbivai 
 Aoyo) TraAatay T(ovb ap.apTLas bopcav. 
 
 XO. Kttt TTcis Si; opKOS, * TTrjypa ycvvams irayiv, 
 /^ TTaL<avios yivoLTo ; 6avp.d((a bi (re / .^ 
 TTOvTov Tiipav Tpa(f>€l(Tav dkkoOpovv 7roA.11; , 1200 
 Kvpelv keyovcravj uxnrep el Trapeordrety. 
 
 KA. p.dvTis /x' 'ATrdAAcDi; r(^d' iirta-Tqa-ep rcAct. 
 
 1176. 0avaTOip6pa V. FL text Fa. 118 J. /rXvW MSS. corr. 
 Aur. Schutz. 1194. TTjpw MSS. con. Cant. 11 96. t6 fifj 8ivai V. 
 text Fl. Fa. 1198. irij/wi MSS. 1 199, wattt/vio*' V.Fl. text Fa. 
 
 i^95 
 
 ij "^. 
 
 L-i, 
 
 * ■*■ 
 
^wi;i. 
 
 
 / 
 
 A12XTA0T 
 
 
 XO. fjLiov Koi Oeos irep l}X€p(d TTCTrkr^yfxivos ; 
 KA. irpoTov fjL€v atScby rjv ipLol Xiyuv rah^e. 
 XO. afipvviiTai yap ttcls tls €v irpaaa-uiv irXiov, 
 KA. aX)C riv TraXaicrTris, K6.pT ipLol 'nviiav \6,piv, 
 XO. rj Kol T€KV(ov els €pyov rjKOeTTjv v6p.(a ; 
 KA. ^vvaLvicraa-a Ao^Cav i^lrevordjxrjv, 
 XO. i]br} Ti^vaia-iv kvOiois yp-qixiirq ; ^ 
 KA. rfir) TToXtrats t^^lvji^ iOiqir/Cov Trddrj, 
 XO. TTm brJT * avaros rja-da Ao^iov Korta ;" 
 KA. eireidov ovbiv ovbiv, ws Tdi6' rip.'nXaKov. 
 XO. r}pXv ye jnei; 6^ Trtora Oea-TrCC^Lv Sofcets. 
 
 1205 
 
 1210 
 
 KA. iov ioij. 
 
 (*) 00 KaKOL. 
 
 VTT av pL€ beLvbs opdopLavreias ttovos 
 oTpo/3et, Tapda-aroiv (ppoLpLLois * Sixrc^pot/xtots 
 opCLTe Tov<rb€ Tovs bojxoLs k(\>r\p.ivovs 
 viovSi oveCpiov irpoarclyepels p.op<t>di)p.a<Ti ; "^ 
 'naibes Oavovres wcrTreptil Trpos t&v (\)lX(siv, 
 X^ipas Kp€(av TikriBovTes oUeCas fiopas, 
 avv €VTepoi9 re cnrAayxv , eTTOLKTLOTOv ycjbtos, 
 TTpiirova e;(oi;rey, wz^ irar-qp kyevaaTo, 
 €/c r<3i;8€ Troti'cij <^r;jutt jSovXeveiv tlvcl 
 XeovT ovakKLV iv Ae)(et orpox^w/xei^oi; 
 olKOVpoVi otfioif r<j) p.oX6vTL becnroTri 
 CjLio)' (f)ip€Lv yap XPV ''"o SovAtor C^yov. 
 V€(ov T iTTdpxos 'lAtov T draoTdrTjj 
 t ovK otSez; ota yXwo-o-a pLLO-rjTfjs kvvos 
 Xi^aa-a, KCLKTeCvacra (paibpovovs, biKrjv 
 6,Tr]s XaBpaioVi rev^erat Kafcrj TT^x??-t 
 
 1215 
 
 1220 
 
 X 
 
 I23j 
 
 1230 
 
 \^» 
 
 (\JJ 
 
 \' 
 
 kJ * 
 
 1203 and 1204 inverted in MSS. Hi restored the order. 121 1. 
 am/cTos MSS. corn Cant. 1216. l^/x^i/ovs MSS. text H. 1228. 
 corrupt. Madv. conj. ota yXwaaa fi. k. Xd^aaa Kd/crflvaaa <pai8pdv 
 ovs, 5. d. X., drj^iTai Kax^ '''^XV- (X€tYa<^a Tyrrwhitt.) 
 
 AFAMEMNiiN. 
 
 *T0ta8e ToXpLT} OrjXvs apcrcvos (povevs 
 
 45 
 
 COTir. 
 
 tC vlv KoXovaa 6ucr<^tA.€j bcLKOS U-vj<^ 
 
 
 y^7 
 
 "35 
 
 / 
 
 1240 
 
 Tvyoili 6.V ; diJL(f)C(rpaLvav, rj 'SKvXXav tlp^ 
 
 olKOvarav iv TT€TpaL(rL, vavTiXoiv fiXd^rjv, 
 
 Ovova-av "AtSou p.r]T€p\ aa-TTovbov t' "Aprj 
 J i^iXois TTviovcrav ; wy 8' CTrcoXoAvfaro ^^^ 
 
 ^ 'navTQToXp.os, oocnrcp iv M<^X^^ rpoiiy. 
 
 boKcl b€ \aCp€t.v voa-rCpita a-oorqpCq, 
 . Kol r&)i/8* opLOiov el rt /uitj irelOa)' tC ydp ; 
 
 TO fiiXXov rj^€L. Kal av * p.* iv Ta^eL irapoiv 
 
 ayav dXr]66p.avTiv olKTeipas ipeis. ' 
 XO. T'f]v p.\v ©ucoTou baiTa itaibemv Kpe&v 
 
 ^vrJKa Kal 'ni(f>piKa' KaX <p6l3os /x' l)(ei 
 
 kXvovt dXr]6(as ovbev i^rjKaa-piiva. 
 
 TO. 8* dXX' CLKOva-as iK bp6p,ov Treaoiv rpe^o). 1245 
 KA. 'AyapiipLvovos (re <^rj/x' iiroxlfea-dai popov, ^.^^'^'^ 
 XO. €V<l)-qpov, a> TaXaiva, Kotprjaov oropa* ^A^jj 
 KA. aXX' ovTL UaiQiiv roJS' CTrloTaret -Xoyw. <^^ 
 
 XO. ovK, "^^etTTep lorat y' aXXa prj yevoiTo ttoj?. '^-i 
 
 KA. (TV fjtei; Kareuxei, toIs 8' airoKTeCveiv fxiXii, 1250^ 
 XO. rtros Trpos dr8pos tovt ^xos nopcrvveTai ; 
 KA. ^ fcdpra * rdp' ^r irapeKoir-qs xprjcrp&v ip<av. 
 XO. roi; ydp rcXoCi^ros ov ^vvrJKa jfJUXB^Vv. ^,Cj6 
 KA. Kal pr}V 6.yav y "EXXrji;' inioTapaf. (fxxTLV. 
 XO. Kal ydp rd iryOoKpavTa' bvapaOrj 8' o/xcds. 
 ^KA. irairal, olov to irvp' iirepx^TaL bi pou 
 
 droroi, AvKeC "AttoXXov, oX iyoo iyca. 
 
 '" avTT} bCiTOVS Xeaiva (jvyKOip(j}p.evTj 
 
 T231. Toiiti€ roXfiq. V.\F1. roiavra Fa. corr. Karst. 
 ipSiv MSS. text Pors. "Aprjv Butler. 1240. fiT)v MSS. 
 tl vdptarai MSS. 12^,27^ tcdpr'faf^&v nap(aH6irr)9 (€t suprascript.) 
 
 FL V. vap€<TK6ir{r]f suprasc.) Fa. irapeaKOirtis Vict. Kapra rdpa 
 wapfKovrjs HzTt, 1258. St'irAous V. Fl. Fa. text Vict. 
 
 1255 
 
 "35- 
 1249. 
 
 1 ■■ .'1: 
 
y^T'-'^?!'"'^^^:^ 
 
 tljkf 
 
 4^ AISXTiVOT 
 
 AvKO), Aeorros €vy€V0V9 airovarCq', 
 KT€V€l fX€ Tr)v Takaivav d)s 8e (jidpixaKov 1260 
 T€Vxov(Ta KCLfj^ov ixiaOov ivdrja-^LV k6t(o 
 €TT€VX€Tai, dr]yov(ra (JxotI (pdoryavov, 
 iixrjs dyoiyi]s dvriTt&aa-Bai (f)6vov. 
 ri brJT ifxavTrjs KarayikoiT exco rdh^j 
 KoX (TKrJTTTpa KOL ixttVTela TTcpl bepT} aT€(t>ii ; 1265 
 ere pXv TTpo fjLOLpas rrjs ifirjs 5ta(/)^€/)w. 
 It is <f)66pov' TT€(r6vTa* 0' a>8' a/jiet\//'ojLtaf 
 akXrjv TLV *6.Trj9 dvr ifiov TrkovTlCeTe, 
 Ibov 6' ^AiTokkcav avTos €KbvG)v epi€ 
 Xpr^arrjpiav €<rdrJTy eiroTTTevcras be fxe 1J70 
 
 KCLV TOLabe KO(r/xot9 KaTayeko)pL€vr]v ^ iiiya 
 4)[ko>v vii €yd ^(ov ov bixoppoiroDs fJidTi]v — 
 KakovixevTj be <pOLTas ws dyvprpia 
 TTTOiixos Takaiva kip.o6vT]s rjveirxopirjv — 
 Kttt vvv 6 fxdvTLS \idvTiv Uupd^as e/x€ 1275 
 
 dT:r\yay is Toida-be davaaCfjiOvs rvxas, 
 ■^ ^co/Ltou Trarpiaov 8' dvr iirC^rjvov p.iv€i 
 OepfXia KOTTetaifjs (fyoivCi^ irpocrffidyiiaTi. 
 ov pLTjv CLTLfjioC y €K B^Siv TeOvrj^opiev. 
 ij^€i yap TjfjLtav dkkos av rifjidopos, 1280 
 
 firjTpoKTovov (pLTVfjLa, TTOivdroip irarpos' 
 (t)vyas 8' dXrjT-qs rrja-be yrjs diro^evos 
 KdT€L<nv, dras rda-be dpiyKiaa-uav (filkois* 
 o/xw/xorat yap opKos Ik de^v fxeyas 
 fdjeLvvL V VTtTLa(Tp.a KCLfxivov 'Jra rpos, 1285 
 
 tC brJT iyoi * KdroiKTos <58' dvaoT^va) ; 
 
 1 261. it^^iXd V.Fl. text Fa. 1-67. ayaOw 3' ajxuil^^ai 
 
 MSS, iTfffovr'- kyw S' aifi (ipofjuu H. text A. W. Verrall. ia68. 
 arrjv MSS. corr. Stan. 1271. fitrcL MSS. corr. H. 1284. MSS. 
 read this after 1290. corr. H. 12S6. kcitoihos MSS. corr. Seal. 
 
 AFAMEMNXIN. 
 
 ilTfl TO irpS^TOV €Lbov ^Ikiov TToAtr 
 ii pajaaav 4 i Isfta^fv, o\ 8' * elAor irokiv. 
 
 47 
 
 XO. 
 
 KA. 
 XO. 
 KA. 
 XO. 
 KA. 
 XO. 
 KA. 
 XO. 
 KA. 
 XO. 
 KA. 
 XO. 
 KA. 
 XO. 
 KA. 
 
 ovTUis d7rakkda-(T0V(rLu iv Oiuiv KpCo-ftf 
 
 iovcra irpd^ai' Tkri(T0}xai to KaTdave^v. 1290 
 
 "AtSov TTvkas b€ ^rdab^ eyw irpoafwiTTOi. 
 
 iirevxoP'CLi' bl Kaipias -TiAr^y?}? rvxetr, 
 
 (US da-(f>aba(rTos, at/xarwi^ (vdirrja-CpLUiv 
 
 aTToppvevTcoVt 6p.p.a (rvpLfidkoo Tobe. ^^ 
 
 w TTokkd fxev Tdkaiva, irokka 8' av ao(f)i] 1295 
 
 yvvaiy jx aKpav erctray. cJ 8' iTryrvyiQis^x 
 
 p-opov Tov avTTJs ola-da, irm 6er)kdTov 
 
 fioos biK-qv TTpos (3(jDpLOV ciToA/xcos TraTetj ; 
 
 ovK lo-r dkv^LS, ov, ^€i/ot, •*xpoi'oi; irkea). 
 
 6 8' vcTTaTos ye tov xpoVov TTpeo-peveTau 1300 
 
 i]K€L T08' rjpLap' o-pLKpd Kipbavca (pvyfj, 
 
 akk tcrdt Tkrjpiov over dii evTokpov <f)p€v6s. 
 
 aAA* evKkem rot KaTdaveiv x^P*'^ fipoT^i 
 
 ovbels dKovei Tama T(av evbaip.6v(iiv* 
 
 lui Trdrep crov T(ov re yevvaicov TeKvoav, 1305 
 
 tL 8' i(TTX XPW^y ''^'5 ^^ dirocTTpicpeL </)o/3os ; 
 
 <f>€V <j)€V, 
 
 TL TovT ^(l>€V^as ,' €t TL fxr] <|)p€i/&>z; arvyos. 
 
 (fyovov bopLOL TTi'€ov(TLv alpLaTooTTayi], ■* 
 
 Kal TTcSs ; T08' ofet OvpdTcdv icfxa-TLcov. 1310 
 
 opoLOs aTpos axTTTep iK Td<pov irpeirei,, 
 
 ov Svptor dykaia-pxi htopaa-iv kiyeis- 
 
 aAA' et/it Kav bopoio-i Ka)(cv(rov(r iprjv 
 
 ^ Ayapip.vov6s re pLolpav. apKeiTOi jStos. ^ 
 
 1288. (7xov MSS. corr. Musgr. 1291. rds Xiycu MSS. corr. 
 
 Aur. 1299. xpov<p MSS. 1309. <p60ov MSS., but Fa. has r 
 
 over the j8. 
 
 ^ 
 
48 
 
 AI2XTA0T 
 
 X 
 
 ovTOL bva-OL^o) OayLVOv wy opvi^ (pojSio 
 a\ka)S* davovorrj fxapTvp^iTe fxoL roSe, 
 orav yvvri yvvaiKos avr cjotou 66.vr\, 
 avrjp re bv(rb6,}jLapTos avr avhpos iricrrj. 
 iiTL^evovixaL ravra 8' ws davovp.ivrj. 
 <5) TXrjpiov, OLKTeLpoi) (T€ di(r(f>dTov pLopov. 
 KA. OLTTa^ €T €t7reti^ pijaiv, * ov dprjvov d^Xoi 
 epibv Tov avTTJs. rjXCov 8' €7T€V\opLaL 
 irpbs va-TaTov (^ws f rots ^/xois TipiaopoLS, 
 
 €X_dpols (l)OV€V(rL Tols CpLols TLV€LV OpLOVjf 
 
 bovkr)s SavoTJorjs, evpidpbvs x^tpclj^^taros. 
 to) ^poT^ia Tipayp.aT' €VTv\ovvTa \xkv 
 * (TKia rts av irpeyj/eLev' ei be bvcrruxfi, 
 ^okals vypcaa-crcov aTToyyos (oXea-ev ypac^riv. 
 KoX TavT €Ke[v(av piaWov olKTeipa) irokv, 
 XO. TO p.€v €V TTpdaaeLV OLKopeorov €(f)V 
 Traai, ^poTol(nv baKTvkobeiKTcov 8' 
 
 OVTLS CLTTeLTTOiV etpy€L pL€kd6p(t)V, -i^ J, 
 
 ' pLTjKir €(rikdr}s rdbe ' (fxavcav. ■ ^ 
 
 Koi TwSe TTokiv pL€v kkelv ebocrav 
 
 IxdKapes ITpta/xoi;, 
 
 OeoTCpLTjTos 8' otKa8' Uai/ef 
 
 vvv 8' el TTpoTepoiv alp! aTrorto-et, 
 
 ical ToicTi Oavovai Oav^v dkkoDV 
 
 TTOLvas davdroiv ^^ ' 
 
 eiTLKpaiveL, 
 tCs ^v ev^aiTO ^ j3poTos cl)v da-ivei 
 
 1315 
 
 1320 
 
 1325 
 
 1330 
 
 1335 
 
 1340 
 
 131 7. dXX' ojs Oavovff'u MSS. corn H. 1322. ^ MSS. corr. II. 
 1323. ^kiq) MSS. corr. Karst. 1328. aKid rts avrplxpuiv MSS. kv 
 Pors. TTpei^iiev H. aieiq. Con. 1340. kviKpavei Fl. V. 0701^ 
 
 €irt«poy€rra. corr. H. I34i. ^poruv MSS. corr. Bothe. 
 
 fariBtsats*. 
 
 \ 
 
 \f 
 
 AFAMEMNflN. 
 
 49 
 
 C^^^: 
 
 yoaipohi. (f)vvaL rdb^ aKovaiv ; 
 Ar. w/xot, ireirk'qypaL Kaipiav 'nkif]yr)v Icro). 
 
 HMIXOPOI. 
 
 HM. crlya' rty Trkrjyrjv diJTel KaipLois ovraa-pLevos ; 
 Ar. w/xot /xaA' avOiSt bevrepav ireiTkrjypLevos, 1345 
 
 HM. Tov/jyoi; elpydadaf, boKel p.ot. fia(nke(as olptSyfiaTt, 
 
 dkka KOLva)(T(op.e6' *r/i; irm dacpakrj l^ovkevpar *yJi^^i 
 HM. eyo) /utez/ vpXv Tr}v eprjv yvcapLjjv k^yooy „ /♦*• «^ 
 
 Trpos 8&)/uta bevp'' darolaL Krjpvaa-eLV fioi]v. ' ' 
 
 HM. €/xot 8' oTTcoy raxtorci y €jjL7r€<reiv boKel 1350 
 
 Kal TTpayp! ekeyxeiv ^hv veoppvT<^ ft<^€t. 
 HM. Kayo) rotoiJrou yv(opLaT09 KOLvoivbs obv 
 
 \lfT](pLCop.aC TL bpav, to /xt) p.ekkeLV 8' aK/xii. 
 HM. opav irdpeaTL' (\)poip.id(ovTai yap a»s 
 
 Tvpavvibos (Tr\p.ela irpdcraovTes nokei. 
 BM.xpoviCop.ev ydp, ol be *r7/y p.ekkovs Kkeos . 
 
 * ireboL TTttTovvTes ov Kadevbovcnv xepL * 
 HM. ovK olba (3ovkr]s rjarivos rvxfov X/yw. 
 
 TOV bpodVTos eoTi, Kal to jSovkeva-ai irepu 
 HM. Kay'oi) tolovtos eipi, iirel bv(Tp.r]xav(a 
 
 koyoLo-f, TOV OavovT dvLordvaf, 'TTciAti'^^-— 
 HM. ^ Kal jSiov * TelvovTes w8' VTtei^op.ev 
 
 b6p,(jDV KaTaL(TxvvTfjp(ri, Tolab' r)yovp.evois ; 
 HM. dAA' OVK dveKTov^ dkka KaTdavelv KpaTel. 
 
 TTeiraLTepa ydp p,olpa ttjs TvpavvCbos. >,, ^ 
 HM. ^ yap TeKp.7}piOL<nv ef olpia}yp,dTmv *^-^<i 
 
 p^avTevaofjiea-da Tavbpbs m oAo>AoVos ; 
 
 1347' ^>' • . • • ^ovKtvfiara MSS. 1356. fi€k\ovai]s Fa. r^y 
 HiWova-qs Fl. V. 1357. irc'aoi' MSS. corr. H. 1363. «T€tVovT« 
 MSS. 
 
 1355 
 
 •■■/• < 1... 
 
 '•l#«%»l 
 
 / 
 
 1360 
 
 
 '"^ \wii' 
 
 ^365 
 
 "X, 
 
5° 
 
 AI2XTA0T 
 
 AFAMEMNflN. 
 
 51 
 
 ™T. 
 
 
 HM. o-ac^' etSoVay XPV Twi^8e ^ OvfiovaOaL -nipi, 
 TO yap Toird^eiv tov (t6l<I)^ ^Ihivai hL^a, 
 
 HM. ravT-qv iiraivelv TrdvToOev irXr^OvvofxaL, '^'f 
 Tpav(as ^ArpeLbrjv eibevaL KvpovvB* ottws. 
 '^■KA. TToAAwr TidpoiO^v KatpCcas upr\\iiv(iiv J^. 
 
 TCLvavrC elTTclv ovk €'nai(r)(yvBr\(rop.ai. ^"* 
 
 TTws yap Tt? kxOpols ^xOpd Tropcrvvoov, (plXots 
 hoKovcTLp €ti^at, * 7Tr)p,ovr]i dpKvaTaT h.v v . 
 <f)pd^€L€v v\l/os Kpelcra-ov eKirrjbrifxaTos ; ' ' 
 €/xot 6' aywi; 08' ovk d<l) pour lotos TraAat 
 * veLK-qs TraXataj ^A0€, (rvy y^povia ye pLrjV' 
 €<TTr]Ka ez^a eTraicr ctt f^eipyaapLevoLS. 
 ovTOi 8* iiTpa^a, Kal rdb^ ovk dpvqa-opiai. ^ 
 0)9 fxi}r€ ^€vy€iv pirJT dp-vvaaOaL p.6pov, 
 
 "iij. CLTTeipOV dp(j)L^)^7](TTpOV, aXTTTCp lyOviiiVi 
 
 1370 
 
 "!r7 
 
 _,„; ( 
 
 1375 
 
 
 
 ^„ 
 
 1380 
 
 'KepioTiyJi^itiy ttKovtov eip-aros KaKov. 
 
 Tralo) bi viv 8ts* Kav bvolv oipLtoypLaat 
 
 p.€6rJK€v avTov Kcaka' Kal TreTTTWKoVi 1385 
 
 TpCrrjv €7r€vbLb(i}pLi tov Kara xdovos 
 
 t''At8oi; v€Kp<av aoiTrjpos evKTaCav x^P^^* 
 
 ovTOD TOV avTov Ovpov oppaivei ireacov' 
 
 KdK(t)V(nc^v o^elav atpaTos (r(f)ayr}v 
 
 ^aAAet p.^ ^P^y^v^ xfraKdoL' (fyoivCas bpoaoVt 1390 
 
 ya[pov(rav ovbev rja-o-ov rj "^ Sioo-Soro) 
 
 ydv€L (nroprjTos koXvkos iv kox^vpaaLv, 
 
 o)? (28' ixdvTOiv, TTpicr^os ^Apyeiaiv Tobe, 
 
 yaipoiT dv, €t xaipoiT, iy(a 8' eTrei^xoftat. 
 
 €t 8' ^v 'jrp€TT6vT<t>v (ti(TT kuKmivbeiv v€Kp(^, 1395 
 
 1368. fiv9ovff6ai MSS. corr. H. 1375- -nrjfjLOvfjv dpKvararov 
 
 MSS. corr. H. 1378. vUrjs MSS. corr. Heath. 1381. d/*t/va<r0at 
 V. Fl. Fa. dfjLvufadai Vict, and many edd. 1387. "AtSoi; MSS. 
 A165 Fnger. 1391- ^to? votco ydv, d MSS. corr. Pors. 
 
 ( 
 
 1 400 
 
 1405 
 
 OTp. 
 
 I410 
 
 *r(58' ^v btKaCm ^r, virepbUm pev ovv, 
 TO(T<ivb€ KpaTTJp iv 8o/xots KaKWi; 6b€ 
 irkria-as dpamv, avTos €kttCv€l p.o\<av. 
 XO. eavp.dCop.iv <rov yXQa-aav, is* epa(r6<TTop.os, 
 
 iJTLSTOLdvb' ^tt' dvbpl KopirdCeis \6yov. 
 KA. TT€Lpd(rd€ p.ov yvvaiKos m dcppda p,ovos, 
 eyo) 8' aTpiarta KapbCa irpos dboTas 
 Acyoj- ait 8' alvclv etrc p.€ fiyuv <9eActy 
 op.OLov. ovTos ia-Tiv ' Ayap,ipvti)V, €p6s 
 TTocTLSy V€Kpbs 8e, Trjo-be be^ids x^pos 
 fpyov hKaCas T€ktovos. Td8' U" ^x^i, 
 XO. tC KttKov, S yijvai, x^ovoTp€(l>h ibavov 
 
 rjiroTov 7ra(Tap,€va ^ pvTas i^ d\6s 6pp.€vov 
 Tob" iiridov dvos brjpoepoovs t dpds ; 
 dTribLK€s, d-niTap.is * t ' dTroiroKis a' lo-ci, 
 pXa-os ojSpipov darols. 
 KA. vvv p.€v bi.KdC€L9 €K TToKem ^vyjjv ipol 
 Kal pla-os doTojv b7]p.6dpovs t €x^lv dpdf, 
 ovbh *t6t dvbpl T(^b' havriov (f>4paiv' 
 
 OS OV TTpOTl.p.aVy WO-TTCpet fioTOV p.6pOV, 
 
 p.rjK(ov (f)\€ovTov (VTTOKOLS vop.€vpaa-iv, 
 
 eevarev avTov iralba, (t)iXTdT7)v ipLol 
 
 o)blv\ iiTiobbv QpriKLOiv -^ dr]p.dTU)if. 
 
 oi> TovTov iK yrjs Trjfrbe xprjp o" dvbprjXaTup, 
 
 ^Lao-ixdTcov dTTOLv' ; iirriKOos 8* ipQv ^^^o 
 
 €py(ov bLKa(rT^s Tpaxvs et. A^ya> 8e <rot 
 
 ToiavT d-neikeiv, wy Trapea-Kevaa-piiinjs 
 
 iK Tcap 6fxo[o)v x^^pl viKTicravT' ipov 
 
 1396. rdj, MSS. 1408. M5s MSS. ,410. 4Wra;,c. aVoA,, 
 
 MbS. T K.anono\is H. 1414. r6S^ MSS. 1418. r, Krjf.^dra^, 
 MSS. corr. Cant. 1419. xf4 MSS. ^ 
 
 £ 2 
 
 '415 
 
 ^■iaat ^MJifcA,^ 
 
52 
 
 AISXTAOT 
 
 apx€LV' iav h^ TOVfiiraXiv KpaCvrj deos, 
 yv(o(T€t btbaxP^h 6\lr€ yovv to (r(jd(f)pov€iv. 
 
 XO. /xeyaXo/xrjrts et, 7T€pL(f>pova 6' eXa/ce?, 
 
 &(niep ovv <l)Ovo\i^d rvx^ </)pV eTrt/xatVerat* 
 Ki^os €7r' oixixoLTCDV al\iaTos * e/x7rpe7ref 
 oltUtov €tl ere XPV (TTcpofxivav (f)LkoDv 
 T-Vjut/xa Tv/xjutari Tt(rat. 
 
 KA. Kttl T?}i^8' aKovets opduiv ifx&v 6ip.iv* 
 fxa tt)z^ riXuov 77J5 Ijutr/? 7rat6o? hiKiqv, 
 ''Pi.Tr]v ^EpLVVV 6\ alai Tovb^ e(j</)af eyw, 
 ov fxot (t>6pov [xikaOpov iXms kp.iiar^i, 
 ecos &i> aWr\ irvp icf) cartas e/xr/s 
 AtyLcrOos, ws to TTpoadev €v (^povSiv ep^oC. 
 ovTOs yap rjpXv aairh ov pLLKpa Opda-ovs. 
 Ketrat yvvaiKos rrja-be \vp.avTr\pioSt 
 XpV(Tr]Lbo)v /utetAty/ma t&v vtt' 'IA^co, 
 rj T alxp^dkoiTos ijbe koI Tepaa-Koiros, 
 Kal KOLv6k€KTpos Tovbe, 6€(r(t)aTT]k6yos 
 iTL<TT7] ^vvevvos, vavTLk(t)v 8e (reXixoLTOiv 
 * la-OTpL^rjS. an/xa 8' ovk iirpa^cLT-qv. 
 6 jtxei' yap ovTOi>s' rj bi tol kvkvov bUrjv 
 Tov varraTov \iiky\ra(Ta Qavdcripov yoov 
 Kctrat (f^LkriTOdp "^ T^b\ e/xot 8' eirriyayev 
 evvrjs iTapo\lf(avrjixa ttjs ejix^s x^^^^^' 
 XO. (I)€V, tCs hv €v raxet, fXTJ Trepicabwos, 
 
 /XT]8^ b€piVLOTripr]Sj 
 
 /LtoXot TOV det <i>ipov(T kv rjplv 
 /xoip' dreXeuroi; vttvov, Sa/xeVros 
 
 
 1425 
 
 1430 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 AFAMEMNXIN. 
 
 (j)V\aK0S €Vp€V€(rTdTOV 
 
 *7roAea tXclvtos yvvaiKos biaC' 
 7Tpo9 yvvaiKos 8' d7r€(f)6i(T€v plov^ 
 10) ^ to) ^ Tiapavovs tiAiva 
 
 53 
 
 arp. a . 
 
 i>r' 
 
 .(.(L* 
 
 1435 
 
 
 ^ iM^' 
 
 arp, fi . 
 
 1440 
 
 1445 
 
 1450 
 
 1428. €u npiiru drUrov Fa. cv Trpivu avrUrov Fl. ivirphtiav 
 t'utov V. kixvpiiT€i Aurat. 1443. iaroTpipris. corr. Pauw. 1446. 
 ToCS' MSS. corr. H. 
 
 fxia rds TroAAds, rds Trdi^u TioAXdy 
 yjfvxas 6k4(Taa-^ virb TpoCa, 
 
 vvv b€ TcXclav * "^ 
 
 * -x- ^ * -x- 
 
 * -x- ^ -x- ■}{• 
 
 * -X- * # -Jf 
 
 * * * -3^ -X- 
 
 t TToXvpvao-Tov iTTr^vOCaa) [8t'] at/x' ^rtTrroz^. 
 ?} Tt? ryi; tot ei^ 00/xots 
 ^^ Ipt? IptS/maTOS avbpos ot^vs.f 
 
 tCA. pLr}b€v Bav6,T0v p.o'ipav iTrevxov 
 Tola-be ^apvvOeis' 
 pL-qb^ els *E\ivr)v kotov eKTpiyjrrjs, 
 &)S dvbpo)dT€Lp*, 0)9 /ULta TToAAcSi' 
 
 avbp&v yjfvxds Aavaiov 6ki(ra<r 
 a^vcTTaTov 6Xyos iirpa^e. 
 XO. balpLOv, hs ipiirCTveis bo^piacn Ka\ *Si^i>(- 
 oto-t TavTakibaKTLV, ^' 
 
 Kp6.Tos T la-6\l/v\ov Ik yvratKwr 
 
 * KapbiobrjKTov ipol KparuveLS* 
 iirl be (T(i>p.aTos bUav 
 KOpaKOS ixOpov a-TaOelcr iKvoncas 
 ijpLVOv vpvdv * * iTievxeTai. 
 
 1455 
 
 
 ' i^ 
 
 1460 
 
 1465 
 
 1470 
 
 f"-" " f 
 
 1453. KoX iroXXaMSS. troXia Eng. I455. ^w irapavS/xovi MSS. 
 Iw iw Blomf. irapdvovs H. 1459. St' MSS. 1460. ^rt? MSS. 
 
 corr. Eng. 1468. k^mnTcis MSS, St^i/^rtri MSS. corr H. H?'* 
 Kap^iq. brjKTdv MSS. 1 47 2. 8t«ai' /iot MSS. 1473' oraOeh MSS. 
 corr. Schiitz. Pors. hvufMui V. Fl. text Fa. 
 
5a 
 
 AI2XTA0T 
 
 "\ -* 
 
 1 
 apx^LV' lav h\ TOv^irakLV KpaCvrj Oeos, 
 
 yv(a(T€i bibaxOels oxf/e yovv to o-ox^poreti;. 1425 
 
 XO. ix€yaK6\ir)Tis €t, irepicppova 8' ^kaKes, 
 
 uKTirep ovv (povoXL^el rvya (j)pi]V €7rt/xatVerai* 
 
 At^Sos ctt' d/xjLtaro)!/ atfxaroy * e/xTrpcTref 
 
 oltUtov €Tl (T€ xPV (rT€pop.ivav (fyCkuiv 
 
 TV/x/jia TVft/xart rto-at. 143° 
 
 KA. Kttl T?ji^8' ciKovetj 6pKL0)v e/xwy ^e/xti'* 
 
 juta TT/i^ Tikeiov ttjs €p.r]s iraibos bUrjv, 
 
 ''Atj]V 'EpLVVV B\ alcTL Tovb' ^crcpa^ eya)^ 
 
 ov /XO6 <f>6^ov ixiXaOpov kkius kixnarfi, 
 
 ecos hv atOrj irvp e(|)' eortas e/xTJs i435 
 
 Atyto-^o?, 0)? TO TTpoa-Q^v €V (jypovc^v efxot, 
 
 ovros yap rjplv aa-irls ov fiLKpa dpaorov^. 
 
 Ketrat yvvaiKos rrjabe \v\xavTr]pioSi 
 
 Xpva-rjCboiv ii€i\iy\ia T(av vtt' 'IXtw, 
 
 ij T alxP'OiXaiTos rjb€ koI TepaarKoiros, 1440 
 
 Kal KOivokeKTpos Tovbe, 6€a-(j)aTr]\6yos 
 
 TTtoTr) ^vv€vvos, vavTikoiV 8e (reXp^arcov 
 
 * la-OTpLprjS. CLTLjxa b^ ovk iirpa^aTrjv. 
 
 6 iJL€v yap ovTOiS* rj bi tol kvkvov bUrjv 
 
 TOP va-rarov iii\\lra(ra Bavda-LpLOV yoov 1445 
 
 Kcirai <|)tX?)T(op *Ta)8', e/xot 8' eTTT^yayei; 
 
 €vvrjs TTapoyjfdvrjfxa ttjs e/x^s x^'^^^* 
 
 XO. <^€i5, tIs hv €v raxet, M irepLcobwos, 
 
 pL-qb^ b€piVL0Tripr]9, 
 
 jutoXot Tov del (\)ipov(T kv rjp.LV 1450 
 
 jLiotp' dre\€vroy vTri^oi', bapiivTos 
 
 1428. €v 7r/)€Tr€t dTicTOV Fa. €V irpc'iTfi avTurov Fl. €vnp4n(iav 
 r'urov V. kfXTrpiird ^urat. 1443. iarorrpi^-qs. corr. Pauw. I446. 
 Tov8* MSS. corr. H. 
 
 I 
 
 AFAMEMNilN. 
 
 53 
 
 (^vkaKOS (VpeViO-TCLTOV 
 
 *7roA€a rXdz;ros yvz/atKos 6ta^ 
 
 TTpo? yvvaiKos 8' aT:i(^6i(T€v pCov- 
 
 10) ^ to) * Tiapdyous *EAej;a crrp. a'. 1455 
 
 p.[a TOLS TToAAdj, rds irdvv iroWds n. 
 
 yjrvxds okiaacr virb TpoCa. , . 
 
 ^ -if- -^ •)(■ •!(• .' 
 
 ■X- -x- -x- -je- -x- 
 * -x- -x- -X- -Jf 
 
 sjc * * "X" "X- 
 
 t TToXi^/xi'ao-Toz; €'nr]v6i(T(jd \bC'\ alpH &vnTT0v. 
 
 * 7/ TLS ^V TOT €V b6pL0L9 I460 
 
 ^ Ipi9 ipCbpiaTOS dvbpbs otfyj.f 
 
 KA. jLtrySez; OavdTov pLoipav iTrev^ov arp, j9'. 
 
 Toto-Se papvvOeCs' 
 pLTfjb^ els 'EXevqv kotov €KTpi\lrr}9, 
 0)9 drSpoXeVetp', ws /xta 7roA.A.ci)y 1465 
 
 d,vbp(ov \lrvxo.s Aava&v 6\4(ra<r 
 d^cTTaTov dXyos iirpa^e. 
 XO. balpLOVj 69 ipi7rCTV€LS bu>p.a(TL Kal * biSyC- 
 
 OKTL TavTaXCbaLCTLV, 
 
 KpdTos T Icroyj/vxov ^k yvvaiKcov 
 
 ^ KapbLobrjKTov eptot Kparvveis* 
 
 kill b\ (TcopiaTos bUav 
 
 KopaKOS exOpov crra^eto-' kKvop^oaf r 
 
 1470 
 
 VpLVOV VpV€LV 
 
 •X- * 
 
 €1T€VX^TaL. 
 
 1453. Kal voWcL MSS. rroXia Eng. 1455- ^w wapavSfjiovs MSS. 
 iw fw Blomf. Trapdvouj H. 1459' 5*' MSS. 1460. ^xis MSS. 
 
 corr. Eng. I468. ifimnTds MSS. 5i<pvuai MSS. corr H. 1471. 
 KapSiq.brjKT6vM.SS. 1472. 8t«a»' /xoi MSS. 1473- ara^ets MSS. 
 corr. Schiitz. Pors. hvofxcus V. Fl. text Fa. 
 
 I 
 
- ""^N^ieiJ*^*- 
 
 54 
 
 AISXTAOT 
 
 AFAMEMNnN. 
 
 55 
 
 KA. vvv 8' Qjpdaxras orojuaro? yvco^rjv, avT, /3'. 1475 
 
 TOV ^ Tpl.7Td)(yVT0V 
 
 baCfjLOva yivvr]S r^o-8c KiKX^tr/ccoi;. 
 CK TOV yap €poiS at/xaToA.otx.09 
 t I'ctpct Tpi<j>€Tai, irplv KaraXij^ai 
 TO TTaXaibv axos, vies Ix^P* 1480 
 
 XO. rj \xiyav * olKovopLov arp, y , 
 
 hai\i.ova Kat ^apv\kr\viv ati^et?. . 
 -- <^eu <^ev, KaKov atvov arrj- 
 pas TV)(a9 aKopiarov' 
 
 1(0, 17) Scat A(09 1485 
 
 TravaiTLov iravcpyira, 
 tC yap PpoTois av€v Alos reXetrat ; 
 tC Tiavb^ ov O^OKpavTov ia-TLV ; 
 rl(a to) /3aortA€u paaiK^v, 
 TTO)? 0-6 baKpV(r(t} ; 1490 
 
 <l)p€vbs €K (f)L\LaS t[ TTOT etTTO) ,' 
 
 Kcto-at 8' apaxvr]s iv v(f>darfiaTL rwS' 
 
 aa-e^cl OavaTio plov iKirvioctv. 
 j w/jiot /xot KOirav rdvb^ dv€X€ijd€pov 
 I SoAto) /xopoj 8a/x€ts 1495 
 
 ELA. a^xets cti^at roSe Tovpyov ifiov, 
 ^rfb^ €TnX€x6fjs 
 
 ^ Aya\i€p.voviav ^Ivat yH 6Xo\ov, 
 <j)avTa(6pL€V09 b^ yvvaiKi v€Kpov 1500 
 
 Tovb^ 6 TraXatos bpLp,vs aXdcrTaip 
 'Arpecoy \a\cTTOv OoLvarrjpos 
 
 1476. Tptirdxviov MSS. corr. H. I481. otfeois roiaSe MSS. corr. 
 Schn. K. i486. TTavipyerav Fl. V. text Fa. 1498. text V. Fl. 
 
 firj 8' Fa. ixrjKiTi \€X^V '*' H* 
 
 Toi'S aTTcrto-ci;, 
 
 t4X€0V veapols iindvaras. 
 XO. o)? /x€z; az/a^rtos ct d^r. y, 1505 
 
 ToCSe (j)6vov tU 6 fxaprvpija-iav ; 
 
 irca 770) ; TrarpoOev be avkkrj' 
 
 TTTcop yivoir' av aKdaTUip, 
 
 )3td{eTat 8' bixoa-Tiopois 
 
 (TTLppoala-iv alfJLdrcov 1510 
 
 jxikas "ApTjs t oTTot * 8tKai; TTpo^aivoiv 
 
 irdxyq Kovpo^opca Trapc^et.f 
 /^ lo) to) /3acrtAei5 /Sao-tAev, 
 j IT (as <re baKpvcro) ; 
 
 (f)p€vos €K (jytkias tC ttot cItto) ; 1515 
 
 / Kela-ai 8' apd^vr^s kv v(f)d(rpLaTt r<58' 
 
 daejSel davdria fiiov iKirvecDV. 
 
 &}JL0L fxoi KOLTav vdvb^ dveXevdipov 
 
 boXiio fiopia bafxels 
 y €K X^poj dfX(f)LT6p.(D ^€\ip.v(a, 1520 
 
 KA. l^ovT dvekevdepov ot/utat ddvarov 
 
 T^be y€via-6aL.^ 
 
 ovb^ yap ovtos bokCav drqv 
 
 oiKOLo-Lv iOtjK ; 
 
 dXA' iiJLOv €K Tovb' ipvos depdiv, 1525 
 
 Trjv irokyKkavTov t *I<|)tyei/€iav, 
 
 * d^ta Spdo-as d^ia irdayj^v 
 
 lirjbcv €V "Aibov /meyaAavx^tVo), 
 
 $L<f)obr]kriT(o 
 
 OavdriD Tiaas direp rjp^ev. 
 XO. diir]yavCi (ppovTibos areprjOeU (TTp. 8'. 1530 
 
 151 1, bi teal vpoa^aivojv MSS. irpo&aivojv Cant. 5t/f);v Bull. 
 
 at«ai' Scholef. 152 1-2. Probably spurious. 1527. dyd^ta MSS. 
 
1535 
 
 avT. a . 
 
 1540 
 
 ,^ 
 
 
 1545 
 
 5^ AI2XTA0T 
 
 €VTrd\aiJLOv fiipifjivav 
 
 oira TpdiroifiaLf ttCtvovtos oXkov, 
 
 biboLKa 8' oyi^pov ktvttov 8n/xoor<^aA^ 
 
 TOP an^aT-qpov yj/aKCkS b^ knyei. , tk . ^ ^ 
 
 6tKr;i/6 €7r akXo TTpayfxa "^drj-ydv^L /SkdjSris 
 
 irpbs aXAat? drj-ydvaicn Molpa. 
 
 l(M) ya ycLy eW e/m' fSefco, 
 
 TTplv Tovh* eTTtSctr dpyvpoToC)(ov 
 
 bpoiTas KarexovTa xaixevvav, 
 
 TLS 6 ddxj/cDV viv ; tCs 6 dprjvrja-aiv ; 
 
 tJ (TV Tob" €p$aL rAr}<r€(, KTetvaa 
 
 6.vbpa Tov avT7J9, aTiOKcaKvcrai 
 
 yl/vxrjv, ^xapiv x^P^v dvT epyoav 
 
 fX€ydX(jtiv dbiKcos iiTLKpavat ; 
 
 Tts b' * eTTLTvpL^Lov olIvov ctt' dvbpl 6d(ti 
 
 (TVV baKpVOLS iaTTTOdV 
 
 dXaOeia (pp^va^v TTOvrjo-eL ; 
 
 KA. ov o-e TTpoa-rJKCL to p.ikr)p.a Xiyciv 
 
 TovTo' irpos rjpiiov 
 
 Kd-mrecr^, KdrOave, kol KaTa6d\l/opL€V 
 
 ovx VTTO KKavdiiQv tQv e^ otKcoy, 
 
 ***** 
 
 ***** 
 
 aAA' ^l(l)iyiv€Ld viv dcmacrioiis 
 
 dvydrrjp, wy XP^» 
 
 Ttarip* dvTLdcraa-a irpos d)KV7ropov . 
 
 7r6p6pL€vpL^ dx^oov 
 
 7T€pl "^X^^P^ l3akov(ra <f)iXri(T€i, 
 
 1535- 8//C77 MSS. corr. Aur. ej77« MSS. corr H. ZIkt} . . . ^1770- 
 vai^ fidxaipav Musgr. Orjy&vais MSS. 1547. kmrijfiffios alvos 
 
 MSS corr. Voss. Stanl. 1555. 'l<piyiv€iav' IV MSS. corr. Jacob. 
 
 1559 X">a MSS. ' 
 
 1550 
 (TTp. c'. 
 
 1555 
 
 57 
 1560 
 
 dvT. f. 
 
 1570 
 
 AFAMEMNaN. 
 
 XO. OV€Lb0S rJK€L Tob'* CLVT OPcCboVS. dvT. b 
 
 bva-piaxa b' fori Kplvai. 
 ^e>et <i>ipovT\ UHvii 5' ^ Katimv. 
 iiip.vu be /xt/xrorro? iv * dp6v(a Aios 
 iraOdv TOV (p^avTa. Oia-ynov ydp' 
 tCs av yovav ^ dpaiov ^/c/3aAot So/woy ; 1565 
 
 K€K6\\r]Tai yivos * irpos &Tq, 
 KA. €s roVS' ivi^rj ^vv dk-qdda 
 "^XPWl^ds. eyo) 8' o£!r 
 ^^eAco batpLovL ro) IlAeto-^ei/iSaiz; 
 opKovs O^iiivT] Tdbe ixkv oripyeLv, 
 bvcTkrjTd 716/) oz;^'. 6 8^ AotTToV, ^oVr 
 ^K rwrSe bopLoov dkkrjv yeveap 
 Tpi^eiv 6avdTOL9 avdivTaicn, 
 
 KT€dv(t>V T€ p.ipOS 
 
 fiaiov ixova-rj ttclv diroxpr} /xoi 1575 
 
 iiavias fiekdOpoov 
 
 aXk7]k0(f)6v0VS d(f)€k0V(TT}. 
 
 Airi20O2. 
 
 S (t)€yyos ev(f)pov r^p^ipas bLKr]<l>6pov, 
 
 (paLqv hv TJbrj vvv /SpoTcav rt/xaopouy 
 
 deoifs dvoiOev yrjs iiroTTT^veLv ax^/, 
 
 lbo)v ixpavTols iv TTCTrAots ^EpLvv(ov 1580 
 
 TOV dvbpa Tovbe KeCpievov (fyCkcos ipoC, 
 
 X^po? TTarpiDas ^ iKTLvovra p.rjxavd9. 
 
 'Atp€vs yap &px(*}v Trja-be yrj^, tovtov iiaTrip, 
 
 1563- XP^vcp "MSS. corr. Schutz. 1565. ^^ov MSS. corr. H. 
 
 1566.^ irpoadxpai MSS. corr. Blomf. 1568. XPWI^^^ MSS. 1575] 
 
 fxoi 5' I d\\r}Ko<f>6vovs MSS. 8' has come from hiatus, hiatus from' 
 wrong order; corr. Erfurdt. 1582. iKT^ivwra Mi>S. 
 
58 AI2XTA0T 
 
 iraripa QviaTrjv tov cfMOVj m Top<as (t)pa(TaLf 
 avTov T d8€\<|)or, aixipiKcKTos (ov Kp6.T€L, 1585 
 rivhpr]\dTr](T€V €k TToAewj re kol Sofxcoi/. 
 Kol TTpoaTpoTTaios ecrrtay /xoAwy Trdkiv 
 TkriiJLaiV ©ueo-TTj? fiolpav €Vp€T dcr(t>akrif 
 TO /lit) 6avo)V irarpiaov aljxd^aL iribov. 
 avTov.'\ ^ivia h\ Tovh^ bvadcos irarr^p 1590 
 
 'Arpev?, TTpoOvpLOis p.aWov rj (piko^St] Trarpl 
 rcojbia), Kp€Ovpyov rip.ap ev^Vjixco? dyetv 
 boKc^Vf irapiayjE Satra TratSetcor Kpctai^. 
 TCL fiev Tiohipr) Ka\ x.€pc^v cLKpovs Krivas 
 f idpvTTT avoiOev dvbpaKas KaOr\\ievos 1595 
 
 ^ acrrjp. ' o avTcav avTiK ayvoia kapcavj 
 ia-Oei. l3opdv d(ra)TOVj w? opas, yivei, 
 K^Tretr iiTLyvovs ipyov ov KaTaicriov, 
 (apLOi^ev, dpLiTiiTT€L 8' t dTTo * (r(j)ayj)v €p(Sz/,t 
 fjiopov 8* d^^pTov liekombais liievxeTai., f6oo 
 
 XaKrto-juta SetTTi/ou ^vvbiK(£ts riOei^ dpa, 
 ovTODS okicrOaL irav to YlkucrOivovs yivos. 
 €K T(avb€ (rot rrecrovTa Tovh* ibelv irdpa. >^ 
 Kdy<a biKaios Tovb€ tov (I)6vov pacftev^. 
 TpiTov yap ovTa fx' eirl ^ bva-aOkCia iraTpl 1605 
 (Tvv€^€kavv€L tvtOov ovt €V (Tiiapydvois* 
 Tpa(j)€VTa 8' avOts rj biKT] KaTrjyayev. 
 Kol Tovbe Tavbpbs 7j\lrdp.7]v dvpaios (siv, 
 iracrav avvdxl/as p.'q'x^av'qv bv(rpovkias» 
 ovTon Kakov brj kol to KaTOavelv e/xo6, 16 10 
 
 1 590-1. Bracketed parts in MSS., but very probably spurious. 
 1595. iKpvrrr Cas. 1596. aorjiia S' MSS. text H. D. 1599- 
 
 av. miTTU MSS. corr. Cant. acpayijs MSS. text Hart. kpuv MSS. 
 €fiwv edd. 1605. €itI Uk d0\i(p MSS. text Schom. Karst. 
 
 ArAMEMN^N. 
 
 IbovTa TovTov TTJs bUrjs iv epKecnv, 
 XO. ALyL(rd\ vjSpiCeLV iv KaKolcriv ov o-e/So). 
 fJV 8' dvbpa Tovbe (prjs kKcov KaTaKTavelv, 
 
 IXOVOS 8' €TT0LKT0V TOvbc l3ovk€V(Tai (l>6v0V' 
 
 ov (l)rjfx oXv^eLV iv bUrj to crbv Kdpa 
 brnxoppL<f>€i^, (Td<t> Iddi, k€V<T[pLovs dpds. 
 AI. (TV TavTa (fxtiveis vcpTepa -npotrfnieuo^ 
 Kcoirri, KpaTovvTdiv tojv iirl ^vygj bopos ; 
 yv(0(T€(, y€p(ov cbv m btbda-Kea-eai jSapv 
 T<a Tr]kiKOVT<ay (rti>(\)povdv eiprjfxivov, 
 beaixos be kol to ynpas at T€ vrja-Tibes 
 bvat bibdo-KiLV €^ox<^TaTai (ppevCav 
 iaTpopLdvT€is. ovx opas 6p(av Tdbe ; 
 ^yi^h '^^^I99Ljm^^^'^T'''C^* M ^Trata-as Lioym\ 
 
 59 
 
 1615 
 
 1620 
 
 XO. yvvat, (TV tovs rJKovTas ^k /btax^ys ^/xeWz; 1625 
 OLKOvpbs €vvr]v dvbpbs ^ alcrxyvas a/xa 
 dvbpl orpaTrjyta Tovb' i/Sovkeva-as piopov ; 
 
 AI, Kttt TavTa TCLTrr] KkavpidToov dpxrjy(vrj. 
 Op<^€t 8e ykGio-a-av ttjv ivavTiav ^xeis. 
 6jj.€v yap ^ye irdvT dirb (peoyyrjs xapci, 1630 
 (TV 8' i^opCvas *vr]TTiois vkdypLaa-iv 
 a^€L\ KpaTr]Bds 8* ^pL€p(tiT€pos (pavel, 
 
 XO. ft)s br] (TV jjLOL Tvpavvos 'Apye^wi; eo-et, 
 OS ovK, iircLbt} T<ab' ijSovkevcras fxopov, 
 bpaarat. ro8' €pyov ovk ItXt?? avTOKTovcds ; 1635 
 
 AI. Tb yap bok(a(TaL Trpbs yvvaiKbs rjv (ra<^a)s* 
 eyo) 8' VTTOTTTos ex^poy ^ TrakaLycvris, 
 €K TGiv b\ Tovbe xpr]p.dTiiiv TTupda-op.ai 
 
 1611. iUvrt Fa. 1613. r6vh' i<f>r], MSS. 1621. dttrfjSv 
 
 V. Fl. text Fa. 1624. ir^aas MSS. 1625. rod^ ffKovros Stanl. 
 and most edd. text MSS. fxivoov Wieseler. viov MSS. 1626. alaxv* 
 vova' MSS. corr. Wieseler. 1631. ^iri'ois MSS. corr. Jacob. 
 
 I 
 
 wj 
 
 ™"'Hi.. 
 
 -../ 
 
6o 
 
 AI2XTA0T 
 
 AFAMEMNllN. 
 
 6i 
 
 ap\<Eiv TToXiTcaV tov 8e /xr) ir€i,ddvopa 
 (ev^d) ^apeCais ovtl /xt) (TeLpa(t>6pov 1640 
 
 KpiQSiVTa TTCoXov' a\X' 6 bva-cfyLKrjs ^(TKOTi^ 
 Atfjtoy £wotK09 ^aXOaKov (T(\) €7ro\/^erat. 
 
 XO. Tt 8r; TOV avbpa T0V8' aTTO yjrvxv^ KaKrjs 
 ovK avTos TjvdpLCes ; aWa f crvv yvvrj 
 X<apas /m^ao-juta kol Oe&v eyxcopicoz; 1645 
 
 iKT€Lv\ ^Opia-TTjs apa ttov /BAeTret (^6,09, 
 oTTdis Ka T€X6(i)v h€vpo TTpevfievel Tvxjl 
 aii(l>oiv yivr\Tai Toivhe Tray/cparr/s (povcvs ; 
 
 AI. dAA' €7ret 8oK€t9 rdS' epbeiv koI Xiy^iv^ yvdlxru Toxp., 
 
 XO. * * * * * 1650 
 
 AI. eta hr\ (jyCkoi. Aoxtrat, rovpyov ovk €Kas robe. 
 
 XO. €ia 8?], ^t«^os TrpoKcoTTor ttSs rts cvrpeTrifeVo). 
 
 AI. dXXd /x^y Kayo) irpoKaiTTOs ovk dz/atVo/xat davelv. 
 
 XO. Sexo/Jte'i'ots Xeyets Oavelv are ttjv tvxtjv 8' "^ at- 
 povpieda, 1653 
 
 KA. /utr^Sa/xws, a> (fyLkraT avbpcav, aWa ^ bpdoroopicv Kaxd. 
 dXXd Kat Td8' e^aixrja-ai ttoWcl bvcTTrjvov ^ Oepos' 
 TTTjpLOvrjs 8' ^Xis y' VTrapxei' pirjbev alpiaT(a[X€6a. 
 f * oreixf Kttt orv x°^ yipovT€S irpos bopLOVs, 
 
 ^TrcTrpcojuterots 
 TTptz; iraOelv ^etiavres. 6,pK€LV XPV^ ^^^' <^^ eTipd- 
 
 $ap.€V. t 
 €t 8^ Tot pLOxOdiV yivoLTO To^vb^ aXts, ^bexoip^eO^ av, 
 baipiovos X^^V P^P^^^ bvcTTvx'^s TTCTrXryy/xeVot. 1660 
 
 1 64 1. KOTq} MSS. Perhaps ^v(T<pi\€i aKdrq/ is right. 1644. avv 
 MSS. rtv most edd. aol Sch. 1653. epovfifOa MSS. 1654. 
 
 Spdo-ofifv MSS. 1655. o cpcw? MSS. corr. Schiitz. 1656. vtrapxf 
 MSS. 7?/iaT. MSS. 1657. <TT€ix^T€ 6' ot yfpovres upos 5(5/xot;s 
 
 TTfwpoJiifvovs TovaSf MSS. (rT€rxe «at (tv x^t . . . H. imrpwyLivois 
 Madv. 1658. vaBuv. tp^avn^ Kaipbv Fl. iraOtiv. tp^avra k. V. Fa. 
 €p^avT€9. dpK€iv H. text Madv. 1659. 7' kxoitJtiO av MSS. corr. H. 
 
 c58' €xet Adyos yvz/aiKos, el ns dftot p.a6{iv, 
 A I. dAAd 701/0-8' e/xot pLaraiav yXcaacrav <58* diravOCa-at., 
 
 KOLKPakelv iiT-q Toiavra baip.ovos Tretpco/x^rovy, 
 
 a(!i<f>povos yv<ap.r]s 8* apLaprelv, tov Kparovvrd * 0' 
 vjSpCcraL, 1664 
 
 XO. OVK &r *Apyetcoz/ rd8' et?;, (l)(aTa 7rpO(r(raCv€LV xa/cdr. 
 AI. dAA' iy<a cr iv va-Tipaicriv ^/xcpats pLireiji €TL. 
 XO. OVK, edi; baCpoiv ^Opio-rrjv bevp^ OLTTevdvvp piokdv. 
 AI. 018' eyo) (^evyorras dvbpas ekirtbas (nrovpiivovs. 
 XO. TTpdo-o-e, TTiaivoVy paaCvcav rrjv bUrjV CTret Trdpa. 
 AI. to-^t /xot Swo-coi; airoLva Trjabe pLODpias x"P'^' ^^7° 
 XO. KopLiraa-ov dap(T(ov, dkiKTcop cSore 6-qkeias irikas. 
 KA. /x^ TTpoTLpLTiairjs paTaCoDV T(ovb' vkaypdroiV "^eyw 
 
 Kttl oo; driaopL€v Kparovvre T&vbe 8co/xdra)i; "'^'KaAwj. 
 
 1664. MSS. have 3 syllables wanting. 6' v^piaai Blomf. 1672. 
 €70; Cant. Wanting in MSS. 1673. ^a^ws Heath. Wanting in 
 MSS. 
 
 I 
 
 m 
 
NOTES. 
 
 [Prologue. The palace of Agamemnon at Argos^ at night. Enter on 
 the roof a watchman, who reclines head on arm, and soliloquises : 
 
 (11. 1-39.) * For a year I have been watching for the fire to tell of 
 Troy's capture ; the life here is one of sadness and anxiety : now I hope 
 for better things.' The light then appears, and he bursts into a shout 
 of joy, broken by gloomy hints at the close.] 
 
 1. I. The place is called Argos, and the people Argeioi, all through 
 the play. According to the old tradition, however, Agamemnon was 
 king of Mykenae, a town about six miles from Argos. Homer (2. 569) 
 enumerates the towns which formed his kingdom. The use of the name 
 Argos for Mykenae was nevertheless common in the Greek poets, and it 
 was all the more natural now, as about b.c. 463 (five years before 458, 
 the date of the play) Argos had defeated and dismantled Mykenae, 
 and sold or expelled the inhabitants. Soon after this the Argeioi be- 
 came allied with Athens. 
 
 The watchman is a loyal servant of Agamemnon, sent to watch for 
 the beacon-fire which is to tell of the capture of Troy. It is possible, 
 however, that the queen wishes for her own purposes to have ^rly 
 tidings of her lord's return. (Patin, Eschyle, 314.) 
 
 1. 2. * Through this long year of watching,' lit. * through the length of 
 a year's watqh.' jtTjKos, ace. of duration. (It is possible to take <|>povpas 
 as app. to irovov, and ii-qKos ace. of respect, • these toils, my watch a 
 year in length,' but it makes a rougher, more artificial, construction. 
 The conjecture ji-nxos, ' cure,' which D. adopted, is ingenious, but quite 
 unnecessary.) ^jv Koip,w)X€vos, * wherein resting.' ^jv cognate or in- 
 ternal ace. 
 
 1. 3. trrcYais 'ArpiiSwv ^>(\ioA^, kwAs SCictpf, • on the roof of the 
 Atreidae couched head on arm, like a dog.' dyKaOcv from ar^Kr\, ' bent 
 arm' (like the common Homeric d7«as in d^^nk^ kXilv, dyKas €x<ti', ic.t.A. 
 *to hold, or take in the arm'), found Eum, 80 ayKaOfv Xa&ojv Ppiras: 
 quite a different word from dvi/caetv (from avoj, UaetP,) ' from above,* 
 which is clearly the right reading in Eum. 369. 
 
 Eng., Schn., Dind , read ariyqs, and construe dyKaOtv, 'above,' con- 
 
 1 
 
 m 
 
54 
 
 AGAMEMNON, 
 
 NOTES. LINES 4-34. 
 
 65 
 
 tracted from dviKaOcv, which makes good sense, but it is unlikely that 
 Aeschylus should have used the rare word dveKaOcu in a form syncopated 
 so as to confuse it with the different word dyKadtv, which we know he 
 also uses in Eum. 80. 
 
 I. 4. KoiToiSa, • I know well,' ' I have learnt to know.' 
 
 1. 6. Swdo-ras, bright ' rulers,' as he finely calls the leading con- 
 stellations whose rise marks the seasons ; not ' the sun and moon,' as 
 Pal., which in no sense bring summer and winter, 
 
 1. 7. Is no doubt a gloss. doT^pas is rough rhythm, a dull repetition 
 after dcTpcuv, superfluous to the construction with ZwdoTas in the line 
 before ; and the whole line rather produces the effect of bathos. 
 
 1. 8. Notice the rhetorical repetitions, \a|AtrdSos . . irvpos, <|)dTiv . . 
 pd^iv. 4)vXd(r<rw, * I watch for.' 
 
 1. 10. dAa)<n|iov . . pd|iv, ' tidings of capture,' a rare use of the adj. ; 
 in poetry, however, there is hardly any relation to the substantive which 
 the adj. cannot express. b)8e ydp, best taken simply, ' for such sway 
 she bears, my mistress' manly heart, nursing her hope,' i. e. for I am 
 forced to obey her. (So Eng., Schn. ; Paley's Kpani kKm^ov, ' confident 
 in hope,' is forced and unusual ; and the order is against it.) The 
 phrase is slightly strained but not unnatural. Others take it * for so she 
 orders ' simply : but Kpanl is not so used. 
 
 1. 12. The clause €vt' dv..€xw, is interrupted by the parenthesis 
 <p6^os yap . . vTTvq}, and taken up again loosely but naturally by otuv dt . . , 
 so that the general sense is * and when I keep my weary watch (for 
 fear prevents my sleeping), and try to while away the time by song.' 
 
 1. 14. cVV. with the double emphasis of being last word of the 
 sentence and first word of the line, is very weak, and is perhaps a cor- 
 ruption of €vvr]v in the line before, as Hartung suggests : though neither 
 Bentley's €fioi, nor Schn.'s rt n-qv ; is satisfactory : and we do find weak 
 words in that position, cf. 1 23 1, 1 589. <J)6pos, ' the fear,' is of what will 
 follow when the king returns ; but it is only a hint, as in 19 and 31. 
 
 1. 15. TO |ii\ . . 0-vp.paXciv, a common Greek idiom, being one form 
 of the consecutive infinitive, expressing the resziU, the sense being • so 
 that I cannot,' ' preventing me from.' 
 
 1. 16. dciSciv. There is a proverb 'singing on watch,* (<f>povpds 
 adojv) Arist. Clouds, 720. pvvpo(iai, * to hum,' or ' warble,' properly ♦ to 
 sing in a low tone,' used often of birds. The full phrase is found Ar. 
 Eccl. 880 fiivvpofifvjj irpos iixavT^v fii\os (of a woman waiting and hum- 
 ming a tune to while away the time). Sokw, * I think to,' as we say. 
 So Ar. Vesp. 177 t6v ovov k^dyuu 5o«w, Av. 671 (l>i\rjaai fxoi boKut. 
 (The construction is really an attraction into the personal from the itn- 
 personal, instead of saying Ioku fxoi . . . So the Greeks say biaaids €ifju 
 rroiiiv for dUaiov fioi karl iroitiv. See 1079.) 
 
 / 
 
 1. 17. 'Shredding in this vocal cure in place of sleep.' IvtIuvc, 
 to slice or shred in,' is used of putting (medicinal) herbs into a potion • 
 so here metaphorically. (K.'s |y W/xvo, is not happy; if t.>c. is ad^ 
 mitted. what more natural than hHfivoj ?) Observe the mixture of sen- 
 tentiousness and forcible homeliness in the speech of this servant • his 
 repetitions (8-10), and antithesis (n. 21-22), and dark hints (30) 'and 
 his homely metaphors from watchdogs (3), drugs (71). dicing (32-33), 
 oxen (36), are all characteristic. ^ ^^ ^^^' 
 
 1. 19. This cautious phrase might simply mean that the 'absence 
 of the king was felt ;' but • to those who know ' (39) it meant the um 
 taithfulness of Klytaenmestra. 
 
 1. 21. 'When with glad tidings shines the fire of darkness.* a sen- 
 tentious antithesis such as the rustic wit delights in. So WKrds, ^jicp^otov. 
 22. lAl this point the beacon he is watching for flashes out He is 
 supposed to be looking northward toward the Argolic mountain. 
 Arachnaion, which was the last beacon before Argos, 309 ] 
 
 1. 22. 'Thou blaze of night, a daylight glare revealing,' is another 
 of his antitheses.) 
 
 1. 24. <rvji4»opd, 'hap.' « event,' a neutral word, here in good sense, 
 though mostly used in a bad one. 
 
 1. 25. tot), lot). 'Hurrah!' exclamation of joy here; though more 
 otten of horror and woe, as 1 214. 
 
 1. 26. The MSS. vary between cn,|xa£vto (M. G.) and arnw,vQ, : the 
 latter expresses his intention of telling Klytaemnestra ; the former 
 means * by this cry \ov I signify to K.,' and that is rather more vigorous, 
 and also suits ropws, * loudly,' better. 
 
 1. 27. The constr. is the ace. inf. of the oblique petition, 'I signify 
 that she should rise from her bed and upraise a shout,' etc irrayrdkii- 
 <rav (notice the syncope, for iTr-ava-reiKaaay), a picturesque word sug- 
 gestmg the nse of sun or star. 86jiois might be dat. recip. • for the 
 house ;' but more likely it is the local use ' in the house,' an old fashion 
 surviving in poetry. 
 
 1. 29. ciw«p, ' since,' as often. 
 
 1. 30. dyyiXXuiv irpc'irci. ' brightly tells,' lit. ' shines telling.' Again 
 a picturesque phrase. (dyyiKwv of Med. etc. is clearly an error.) 
 
 1. 31. [Here the watchman executes a triumphal dance J\ 
 
 11- 32-33- These two lines become clear when one sees that the 
 metaphor is all from dicing : ♦ My master's luck I'll mark as prosperous, 
 now that this fire has thrown me sixes three.' e^crOat, ' to put it down ' 
 as we say ; somewhat as QkaBai nap oid^v, h dSiK^fian e^aOai, k.t.\. 
 
 1. 34. 8' odv. The regular use of these particles is in dismissing a 
 subject, cutting short a train of thought, resuming after a digression, and 
 such situations. Uioi 8' olw Um i/uy <pi\ov Soph. 0. C. 1205, oinc oZy.' 
 
 '■" 
 
66 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 NOTES, LINES S^-62. 
 
 ^ 
 
 L 
 
 ffioi 8' oZy 1j T ayav ciy^ dapv ib. Ant. 1250. So Ag. 224, 555. *\Vell, 
 be it mine to grasp my lord's dear hand.* 
 
 1. 35. Paa-Td{ci}, prop. *to bear, or lift/ so • to feel/ *to hold.* x*P<* 
 dAoxov )8. Eur. Ale. 917 ; Gwixa. 0. Soph. O. C. 1 105. 
 
 1. 36. The first shadow of the tragedy falls on the almost boisterous 
 joy and playfulness of the rustic watcher, namely the dark hint of the 
 unfaithfulness of Klytaemnestra, which is to lead to the * worse that 
 remains behind.' povs €m "yXcoao-^n •• P«J3t]k«. *a huge ox stands upon 
 my tongue/ a pithy rustic metaphor for enforced silence ; Povs being pro- 
 verbially a si/ent animal (the idea of a reference to bribery — Povs being 
 the ox on the old Attic coins — is less likely). Pcp-v^Kc, * stands/ * lies/ 
 present sense, as is natural to perfect. So yyipos Iv 4> ^f^rjKafiev, ' where 
 we stand/ Soph. O. C. 52; inl vuKov ^e^waav, 'riding/ 'seated/ ib. 
 O.C. 313. 
 
 1. 38. ws, *for/ gives the reason for aiyai. tKwv, 'purposely/ goes 
 with XTjOojiav chiefly (as Eng., Schn., Pal,, point out), the first verb, avhCt, 
 being less important. (Observe the Epic fiaOovai for rots /i.) * For 
 purposely, as I speak to those who know, to those who know not — I 
 forget.' XTjOojAttv is rather unexpected, and is another touch of what 
 may be almost called his rustic playfulness. With this dark hint he 
 goes off; and the chorus of Argive elders enter the orchestra by the side 
 passage (irdpobos). The proper choral odes begin 104. 
 
 [Parodos. U. 40-103. Enter the chorus, marching in time to the ana- 
 paestic song. The general sense of the opening or entrance song is as 
 follows : * Ten years are passed since the Atreidae sailed forth with the 
 fleet for vengeance, like vultures rc^bed of their young (40-54). Zeus 
 Xenios is wroth with Paris and sencfs the avenging host, bringing long 
 struggles for both sides, and the, end to be as fate wills' (55-71). 
 jMeanwhile the queen Klytaemnestra appears, and begins the preparations 
 for sacrifice. * What hast thou heard, lady ? See, all the altars begin 
 to blaze! WTiat does it mean ? We waver between anxiety and hope* 
 (,72-103).] 
 
 11. 40-42. * This is the tenth year since Priam's great foe King Mene- 
 laos and Agamemnon.' It has been noticed as odd that |ji€Yas cLvtiSikos 
 should be applied only to Menelaos, and that Agamemnon, the * king of 
 men,' is second. It may be only accidental, as in the next two lines 
 {oxvp^v ^€V7os) and below (109 SiOpovov Kparos) they are treated with 
 equal honour. Or, perhaps, dvTiStKos is used strictly, and Menelaos 
 comes first as the wronged party, Agamemnon being his helper. dvTi- 
 SiKos, metaphor from law-courts, meaning simply ' antagonist.* eirci 
 and even ort are used in this sense * since ;' the precise phrase is <{ civ. 
 
 1. 43. 8t0p6vov . . TifjiTJs, gen. of descriptiofi or equivalence as it is 
 called, one of the numerous shades of relation described by genitive. 
 
 67 
 
 3uh rank Int," "^'^^'l ^" °^^'""'' ^°"=- "^'^ ^°^"'^ f™" Zeus 
 with rank of throne and sceptre.' (It is literally, ' pair of Atreidae of 
 
 aspect of the kmgs.) Grammatically r^^f,, and 'Arp^Sa. are parallel 
 both being gen after f.C^o.. A.ie« qualifies the adjectives. 'ATpSav 
 Done gen. ; the choruses contain many Doric forms 
 
 ,tlt*K2T' "''^j' "''*"' P?P- ■ '° ""'' '^ "^«J commonly for -to 
 start, both trans. or6Xo^, „par6v, and intrans. arpar*, yavoi both of 
 
 Snldt off! '""'''' "'^'"^'^ --- ^'-P'" - -''^ V^out 
 
 1. 49- Tp67rov (ace. of apposition to sentence, like SIktiu, v4p«,). < like * 
 
 .50. oiTc, Epic form of rel. iK^ario.s {ndro,, ' path '), • ou of the 
 
 path,' may mean either 'strange,' 'unbounded/ • ier^ble/^ or -In dv ' 
 
 he latter very well suits the eagles wheeling over their craggy nests'- 
 
 and IS he meamng given by the Scholiast. -a(8«v. • for theTyoung.' 
 
 prise, etc "' '''"°''° ''' ""^'^^ °^ ^''^""^^ ^ ^^^^* ^* ^"- 
 
 mn;h 1; '"^r ^'^^"'' \^3^ ^'^ ^^''' ""^*'' ^^^^^ governing gen. 
 much as vir^p does, by a slight extension of usage. 
 
 1. 52. • The oarage of their wing,' a fine phrase for the flight of large 
 
 W f n ^^"f "'' ^\ 743. imitates {remigi oblitae pennarum) ^^ Vergil 
 has followed {retmgio alarum, Aen. i. 301, 6. 19): ^ 
 
 1. 53. S^H-vicmipT, it6vov 6pTaX£x<ov iXcVavrcs, « having lost the 
 guardian-task of their brood,' i.e. 'the task of keeping the^est ' he 
 adj describes m what the task consists. The word occurs again 1449. 
 
 t^V'^^'^t ^T^- '^^ ^'^•' '' '' ' *^°°^"^°g ^° ted ' of sickness^^ 
 1. 55. Above there is one that hears, either Apollo.* etc. Observe 
 
 Idiomatic use of Tts. where we should say ' perchance,' So Verg. Aen! 
 
 I. i«2 Anthea st quern lactatum vento videat.' Apollo protects the 
 
 birds as god of augury: Pan as god of the forest and wild animals: 
 
 Z^«j as god of justice. (Schn.) 
 
 'thefhriirw„J^^°'^'^/^^'''*^'^^^ ^ ^^*=^y^"^* ^''^^'"y '"^""^r. 
 
 the shnli lament of winged mourners who dwell in his skies •' acroC- 
 god's home^ ^""^^^ imaginative word: the birds are the sojourners iii the 
 
 1. 59. -nrapapa^v, • to the transgressors/ the older Epic use of the 
 partic. without rots. So luxdovai 38. 
 
 1.61. 4Tr''AX€|4v8p<p, 'against Paris/ lir^withdat. lit. ' on * (as we say. 
 
 he marched on Rome'). It is an Epic use. see illustrations on 357 ; in 
 
 Attic and prose it would be ace. gc'vtos, because the crime of the rape 
 
 ot Helen was an offence against the sacred laws of hospitality, which 
 
 were under the protection of Zeus Xenios. 
 
 L 6a. woXvdvopos, • wooed by many a suitor.* ' 
 
 
 \ 
 
 i 
 
 PC>/3 
 
 f>)»^^J 
 
 \A, ■li^' 
 
6S 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 1. 64. Gen. abs. * when the knee is bowed in the dust.' cpci8op.cvov, 
 lit. • resting/ 
 
 1. 65. irpoTcXcio, * the prelude,* usually the sacrifice before marriage 
 (tcXos, ' rite') ; here the * prelude of the battle,' but suggesting the other 
 sense, that the fighting was a bitter marriage-prelude for Paris. 
 
 1. 67. «<rTi oirr) vvv «<m, *the issue is — as it is now,' an intentionally 
 enigmatic sentence. In the mouth of the chorus it naturally means 
 * there is good news ; the Trojans are vanquished ' (though they do not 
 as yet know the details). But to the spectators it has a second and 
 deeper meaning, as Agamemnon is returning to find unfaithfulness, 
 conspiracy, and murder, and so in a terrible sense reXcirai cs th irctrpw- 
 |icvov, * it draws to its fated end.' 
 
 The Greek dramas are full of such double meanings, bearing only a 
 single sense to the speaker ; and the contrast between the two senses, 
 or between the position of the speaker as he conceived it, and as it was 
 known to the audience, often formed most effective situations, of 
 Dramatic Irony, as it has been called. 
 
 U. 69-71. viTOKXaCwv of the MSS. gives a tiresome repetition with 
 SaKpvuv, so I have taken Casaubon's viroKaidiv (adopted by Eng., Schn.)» 
 making a very natural antithesis of offering and libation. The sense will 
 then be, ' Neither by secret offering, nor by secret libation, nor by tears 
 shall one soothe their stubborn wrath (i.e. the gods' wrath) for the un- 
 bumt sacrifices.* Again a double meaning, (i) In the chorus' mouth 
 it means, *The Trojans cannot soothe their angry gods by any expiation ;* 
 but (2) to the spectators it has a second deeper sense, 'Agamemnon 
 cannot by any offering assuage the anger of the gods for his sacrijEice of 
 Iphigeneia.' It is hard however to be sure what is the meaning of dirv- 
 pwv lcpb>v in (i), or the surface sense, it may mean 'rejected sacrifice* 
 (offering which will not bum) ; or as Schn., Pal., 'unholy rite' (rite with- 
 out fire, i.e. the marriage of Helen and Paris) ; or thirdly, as Enger, ' Shall 
 soothe the stubborn wrath ^the unlit sacrifice,' the wrath of the god 
 being transferred to the sacrifice which will not bum. 
 
 1. 72. aTtrai, 'unhonoured* is the best sense (though the termination 
 is rare in passive sense, cp. axphrji, KrjpoUrrjf). [Others say 'not-paying,* 
 i.e. either 'not serving' or 'not avenging;' but both are less smooth 
 and natural.] 
 
 1. 73. dpuYT)S, common gen. after \uireadai, fjffaaaOai, etc., like gen. 
 after comparative, ' left out of the army that gave aid.' 
 
 1. 77. dv^o-arwv, 'leaping' (H., Dind., Schn., Eng.), better far than avaa- 
 cuv, • mling * (MSS. and Pal.). The gen. sense is, ' the strength of the 
 pld is like children's ( lax^^ i<T6iraiSa) ; for the very young vigour is as 
 tmfit for war as the very old feebleness.' In 76-82 he simply develops 
 the idea ' the old are na better than children.* 
 
 
 / 
 
 NOTES. LINJ&S 64-94. 
 
 'Sg 
 
 1. 78. laoTTpeo-pvs, ' is like unto age,' i.e. the vigour of boyhood is yet 
 no fitter for war than decrepit age. "ApTjs . . X"P<?. ' and Ares is not in 
 his place,' i.e. is not t/iere in his place, his place being the full-grown 
 man. KarcL x^po-v is the prose phrase for «vl x<iipq., 
 
 I. 79. t6 e* vm'pYTIpwv, * and the last old age,' the neuter expressing 
 the class, like rd viov, rh Kak6v ; by a loose but natural construction it 
 becomes masc. at 81, artix^i, a vivid personal verb, having prepared the 
 way. 
 
 The MSS. are corrupt, only Fa. reads as above. We might read 
 Tt e* virtpyrifKus, ' what of the very old ?' with Eng., but prefer to follow 
 Fa., the question being not very idiomatic or natural. 
 
 1. 80. TpitroSas, ' the three foot ways ' are of course the old men 
 walking with a stick. 
 
 1. 82. 'He strays, a mid-day dream,' a feeble shadowy life. The 
 day-dream being even more unreal than the night-dream. 
 
 [ tV/iile (his song has been singing, the queen Klytaemnestra comes out 
 and begins to make arrangements for the sacrificing, lighting up the altars 
 and ordering about her train of maidens. The chorus address her 
 directly."] 
 
 1. 83. Tw5Ap€CD, irregular gen. from TvvZaptvs, as though Ionic gen. 
 of Tvvddprjs. 
 
 1. 87. irtvBoi, * from hearing ;' most MSS. have v€i6oT, ' from belief,* 
 a commoner but less appropriate word. Fl. has 7rv6oi, which suggests 
 the real reading. irepCircfiirTa Ovoo-kcis, * art sacrificing by word sent 
 round?' i.e. 'art sending round the word to sacrifice?' ircpCirc^irra 
 being adverbial (strictly, in agreement with cogn. ace). 0voaK€is, MSS. 
 evooKivHs, probably corrupted to complete the full line. The right 
 word, Ovoo-Kcis, is restored from Hesych. {Ovos, «a- Kaiu, 'to bum 
 offering.') 
 
 1. 88. * And of all the gods that guard our city, above, below, in the 
 heavens, in the mart.' d(rrw6}&oi., the same as the commoner words 
 iroXioOxoi and voXiaaovxot. viraroi were gods like Zeus, Apollo, Hera, 
 etc. x^o*^®*- were Ge, Pluto, Hermes, Eumenides, etc. 
 
 The other antithesis, 'in the heavens, in the mart,' is less obvious, but 
 by dYopaioi he probably means those who do specially preside over the 
 city- life ; by oupdvtoi those who do not. 'Ayopatos is applied to Zeus (Eum, 
 979), to Hermes (Ar. Eq. 297), to Artemis and Athena (Pans. 3. 11. 9). 
 (In Theb. 257 tois iroXtaaovxois ©fofy IlfSiovofjiois t« tcdyopds iiri<TK6' 
 wots, a different division is apparently meant, * all our native gods, of the 
 country and the town.') 
 
 1, 93. dvioxct, ♦ arises,' intrans., as often from Homer onwards, esp. 
 of the sun. See Lexicon. 
 
 1. 94. * The pure unguent's soft and guileless spell ' is a thoroughly 
 
TO 
 
 AGAMEMNON, 
 
 Aeschylean phrase, loaded and imaginative. It is called *gnileless* 
 probably simply because ttapryyopia, * persuasion,* was so often guileful : 
 the persuasion of oil to fire is genuine. 
 
 1, 96. ircXavos, * a clot or lump ' of solid or thick liquid, so here of 
 oil. jAvx66€v, * from the inner store,' adv. used (with the looseness of 
 the primitive style of Aeschylus) to qualify the subs. ireXdvw. 
 
 The MSS. reading Poo-iXcicp quite good. It is needless to alter it to 
 
 'OiV, 
 
 1. 97. \c|a(ra . . iraiwv t€ yevov, the t€ is not wanted, but it is a very 
 natural anacoluthon. (Eng., Hart., Karst., etc., read Ki^ais, which sets 
 the grammar right, but is needless.) 
 
 1. 98. aiv€iv, in old sense, ' to tell of.' 
 
 1. 100. * Which now is bitter, and now again hope from the altar 
 fires bright shining drives back the relentless care of the grief that 
 gnaws the heart.' The change in the constr. is very natural, and more 
 effective than if he had finished the sentence strictly, ' and now again is 
 lighter,' or something of that sort. 
 
 1. loi. I keep aYavd <|>aCvovcr', on the whole nearest to the MSS., 
 <t>a(vovo'a meaning ' shining,' common intransitive use. 
 
 I. 103. The reading is Hermann's ; the only practical question is 
 whether we should read rr^s 6v(jLop6pov (}>p€va Xuirrjs or r^v Ovfio^opov 
 <ppiva Xvtrrjv. The latter is in apposition to <ppovTid', the former is 
 governed by it. I follow H., Schn., Eng., in preferring the genitive ; 
 the mass of accusatives is so very clumsy. In either case 4>pcva is 
 governed by the adj., a rare construction. Cp. 1090 irokKcL avviaropa^ 
 Pr. 904 aiiopa TrSpifios, Soph. Antig. 786 ai (pv^itxoi, where however the 
 adjectives are more like simple verbals, and so the construction is 
 easier. 
 
 [Klytaemnestra has /inished her preparations and has retired. 
 
 II. 104-257. The general outline of the chorus' songs from here to 
 the end 257 is as follows : 
 
 Strophe i. (104-121.) I can tell the tale of victory, and the signs 
 that went before — I yet am young enough for song — the omen of the 
 two eagles, devouring a pregnant hare. (Woe, woe, but let the good 
 prevail.) 
 
 Antistrophe i. (122-139.) Kalchas the wise seer knew the sign, and 
 prophesied : ' One day this host shall capture Troy. Only I pray no 
 wrath of gods may strike it, for Artemis is angered against the eagles 
 and pities the hare.' (Woe, woe, but let the good prevail.) 
 
 Epode {\/\o-ie^<)). •! pray Artemis therefore, though she loves the 
 wild beasts, to suffer the triumph of the eagle princes. And Paean 
 Apollo I invoke, to stay her from raising adverse gales, while she urges 
 on a lawless sacrifice, thp slaughter of a child, fraught with evils to 
 
 NOTES. LINES 96-IO5. 
 
 71 
 
 I 
 
 the house.' So Kalchas spake. (Wee, woe, but let the good pre- 
 vail.) 
 
 Str. &. (160-166). Zeus— whate'er his rightful name— is the greatot 
 of all. 
 
 Ant. &. (167-175). Ouranos and Kronos are passed away — Zeus is 
 the victor. 
 
 Str. 7'. (176-183). Zeus has appointed a law, that man shall learn 
 by suffering, reluctant though he be. 
 
 Ant.-/. (184-191). So then Agamemnon— uncomplaining, when the 
 host was wind-bound and suffering at Aulis [^Str. 5', 192-204], and the 
 delay was destroying the ships and men — but when Kalchas advised a 
 bitter cure, the slaughter of Iphigeneia, to appease Artemis \_Ant. S*. 
 205-216], then Agamemnon spake: ' 'Tis evil to disobey, and evil to 
 obey, how can I slay my child? how forsake my comrades?' \_Str. «'. 
 217-226]. So he bowed to necessity, and undertook the impious deed, 
 misled by Madness the source of woe, and he slew his child. \^Ant. «'. 
 228-237]. Her youth and prayers they set at nought, and like a kid 
 they raised her to the altar, in her flowing robes, and stifled her cries. 
 [Str. r'. 238-246]. She bared her breast, like a picture, striking all with 
 pity ; for often she had sung to them in her father's halls. [Ant. t'. 
 247-257]. The rest I cannot tell; it was accomplished. For the 
 future— let it come ; what skills foreboding ? Our friendly wish is that 
 all may be well. 
 
 While the chorus sings, the day is supposed to break; and when 
 Klytaemttestra returns (255) it is broad day.'] 
 
 1. 104. Kvpi6s €ip.i 0po€tv, • I am he that shall sing,* * I am the man 
 to tell.' Kvpios is ' the one who has the power,' * the right one.' Kvpia 
 the right or appointed day. Kpdros aicnov, * the fated victory,* slightly 
 strained but natural sense of Kparof. atcrios is properly used of omens, 
 ' auspicious,' and is here transferred from the omens {oSioy) to the vic- 
 tory. 0810V, • foretold by signs upon the way ;* there were various kinds 
 of omens — entrails, the flight of birds, chance cries, and signs on the way, 
 (uoSiovs T€ (Tvfi^dXovi Pr. 487. So in Ar. Ran. 197 the slave, being unlucky, 
 says, TQf awkrvxov i^iajv ; * what can have met me when I came out?* 
 
 1. 105. (KTcXccov. Pal. takes this as a partic.—' accomplishing,* i.e. 
 'singing the accomplishment.' It is less harsh to take it as gen. of 
 adj. (KTfXrji, 'complete,' 'consummate,' used in strained sense for 
 ^ royal,' 'high.' H., Schn., Eng., read fyT€K(<uv ; needless, because 
 it is equally used off its meaning, and MSS. all give f/cr. ext y*P 
 OcoOcv . . aiwv, a well-known difficulty, about which numerous conjec- 
 tures have been made. Only four views are near enough to the 
 MSS. to be worth mentioning ; the full reading of the MSS. is : in y^p 
 $€6$€v MTawiUi 7T€i$u /xoKtrdv dKxdy ^vfjupvTW Mtm^ (i) Goodwin 
 
72 
 
 AGAMEMNON, 
 
 (Amer. Phil. Ass. Trans. 1877) clefends the MSS., and puts a comma at 
 fioXirdv : * For still Persuasion from the gods breathes song upon me, 
 still my old age (breathes) strength to sing.' It is very ingenious, but 
 the antithesis (which the absence of * and' emphasises) is harsh, 'age' 
 and 'persuasion' being so unconnected, and the point surely is simply 
 ' I am not too old to sing.' (2) Enger reads iioXirav, and makes fioKirav 
 d\Kdv an apposition to irfiOcj : * Still my age breathes from the gods 
 upon me Persuasion, the strength of song.' (Old though I am, I am still 
 inspired.) (3) H., Pal., Schn., etc, read fio\irav and dA/c^, though in- 
 terpreting differently: 'Still age growing with strength (i.e. "not yet 
 decrepit") breathes on me persuasion of song' (Pal.), or ' Still Persuasion 
 of song breathes (intr.) upon me, namely the time commensurate with 
 the war,' H., Schn., Kl. Paley's is good sense, though oXko, avn<p%nos 
 is harsh. Hermann's is very harsh and obscure and indeed impossible. 
 (4) Prof. Campbell neatly suggests irfidoi fxoKirdv oXkov, which he trans- 
 lates, * by persuasion of song my life breathes valour.' Better take it, 
 * by persuasion from heaven my age yet breathes the strength of song,' 
 the only a\Kij I have is that of song. On the whole I prefer (2) : and 
 next best (4) or (3) with Paley's interpretation. 
 
 1. 109. Sirws, 'how,' takes up the first clause, Kvpi6i tl/ii $po(iv, after 
 the parenthesis. * The twin sovereign power, ruling with one heart,' is a 
 characteristic Aeschylean abstract phrase for the Atreidae. 
 
 1. no. |v(i.4>pova r6.yay, ' ruler of one heart;' the singular is strange, 
 but due probably to Kparos. See 41, 112. [It must be rd'>(av, ace. of 
 Td7»;s, *a leader,' not ra-yav, ace. of t^t^, 'rule.'] Keck suggests ^^av 
 ^vfxcppova rayoiv, * friendly might of the princes.' Ingenious. 
 
 1. III. irp AKTopi, ' avenging,' from -npaaaeiv in a special sense, ' to 
 exact.' Eum. 624, tov irarpbs <p6vov trpd^avra. The MSS. here have 
 ciiv dopi 5t/cas irpaKTopi, a plain gloss; fortunately the line is rightly 
 quoted in Ar. Ran. 1288. 
 
 1. 112. 'The fierce bird* (Oovptos, from 9v-, first 'smoke,' then 
 •violent movement or impulse') is said to 'send the kings to Troy,* 
 because the sight of the eagles tearing the hare was the omen that en- 
 couraged them. 9ovpios opvis becomes plural in the next line, but easily, 
 by help of the adjectives. 
 
 1. 1 15. 6 KcXaivos . . otpYcts, * one black, one white of tail :' the black 
 one is no doubt Agamemnon, the white-tail Menelaos (dpyds, alluding 
 to ''Ap7os, as often). Aristotle (Hist. Anim. 9. 32) aptly says, * the 
 largest eagle is the White-tail . . the strongest is that called the Black 
 Eagle or Hare-slayer.* Perhaps Menelaos is intentionally hinted at as 
 the less courageous. 
 
 1. 116. x<pos «•« BopiirdXTov, i.e. 'on the right,* the lucky side for 
 omens : the Greek augui;^ looking North, and the luck coming from the 
 
 NOTES, LINES IO9-I3I. 
 
 73 
 
 East. Hence ht^iot gets a secondary meaning, ' favourable.' Notice tic 
 where we say * on ; ' to the spectator the vision comes from right 
 (subjective), but it is on the right (objective). 
 
 1. 119. 4>€pp,aTa is Hartung's excellent emendation (or ipipfxan, the, 
 MSS. reading still retained by many. Those who retain it have to ex- 
 plain how Ycwav can mean the mother, and how it can agree with 
 pXapcvra ; a feat which they attempt. With <|>€pjxaTo it is bolh easier 
 and far more effective, 'rending the hare's young, an unborn brood,- 
 checked from their after-roamings ; ' XayCvav ylvvav will then be not the 
 mother, but the unborn young within her. pXaPcvTa, etc., neither hare 
 nor young can roam any more, the eagles devour them. 
 
 1. 121. 'Echo the cry of wail; but let the good prevail.' In the 
 refrain, fear and hope are mixed ; the reason for the foreboding is not 
 yet told ; it occurs below. 
 
 1. 122. 'The good seer of the host' is of course Kalchas. Uo 
 XrntxKjK Siffaovs of the MSS. is meaningless ; to say * two differing in 
 spirit,' as Paley takes it, is irrelevant; he is comparing *the royal pair* 
 to the two eagles ; he calls them above (vfjKppova rdyav, * princes one in 
 heart ; ' and their union is the point wanted, not their difference. We 
 had better therefore read Xiqp,aaiv laovs (I according to the Epic scan- 
 sion) with Dind., Eng. 
 
 1. 123. cSdi] . . dpxas, • knew the hare-devourers and the leaders of 
 the host,' i. e. 'knew that the hare-devourers were the leaders ;' dpxcs, 
 abst. for concr., like liQpovov Kparos. Others take nofivovs dpxds, ' the 
 powers conducting,' i.e. the dirds, whose omen led them; a much more 
 far-fetched meaning. 
 
 1. 126. dypci, the prophetic present, as though the seer saw it hap- 
 pening. KcXcvOos, lit. • path,' i. e. * expedition,' * armament.' * One day 
 shall this host capture the city of Priam.' 
 
 1. 1 27. * And all the gathered wealth of the people before the battle- 
 ments Fate shall ravage with violent hand.' So the MSS. irp6a6§, which 
 can be best taken with iTvpY<i>v, and makes good sense. Others need- 
 lessly read vpbs St rcL . . , i.e. * the wealth of the towers, and likewise the 
 people's stores.' 
 
 1. 130. irpos TO ^Caiov, like the commoner trpbs 0iav, irp^y ^pyh^> lit. 
 'towards ' violence, wrath, etc., i. e. 'violently.' So Prom. 214, vpbs rb 
 tcaprtpdv, 
 
 1. 131. otov, 'only.* &ya, 'envy* — Hermann's certain correction 
 for the MSS. aro, which will not scan and makes a worse meaning. 
 irpoTtmiv o-rfiftiov y.kyo. TpoCas <rTpaTco0€v . . * lower on the mighty curb 
 of Troy (i. e. the Greek army), the embattled host, stricken before its 
 time (i. e. before it reaches the foe).' The seer darkly foretells here the 
 wrath of Artemis, which was to delay the host at Aulis. 
 
74 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 1. 135. oiKcp, to say 'the pure maiden is wroth against the hotise,* 
 meaning the family of Agamemnon, is no doubt sense ; but the correc- 
 tion oiKTt^ makes infinitely better sense ; * for from pity Artemis the 
 pure maiden is wroth with the winged hounds (eagles) of her sire.* In 
 this way we are saved the harsh apposition oiKtp . . Kvcrt. Other 
 corrections, oXkoi^ oico, need not be considered. oiKxcp is due to Scho- 
 mann. 
 
 1. 136. TTTavoto-t KvcrC, 'the winged hounds,' i.e. the eagles. Cf. 
 Prom. 1022, Aids 5e toi rrrrjvds kvwv Sa<poivus ahros. The bearing of 
 this is a little obscure, but it is of this kind : The sign of the eagles is 
 an encouraging sign to the Greeks, boding victory ; but as Artemis is 
 offended by the eagles devouring the hare, so she is wroth with the 
 Greeks ; and her anger may do harm. 
 
 I. 137. avTOTOKov, adj. used rather strangely = auTor? toTs tokokti, 
 'young and all.' So avruxOovos 536, avTorrpe/jLVos Eum. 401, avTu/cojiros 
 Cho. 163. irpo Xoxov, 'before the birth.' 
 
 II. 140-145. With the ordinary readings d^aXd (140) and atT€r(i44). 
 This passage is taken to mgen, in general sense, 'Though so gentle to all 
 the young of beasts, the goddess asks for the accomplishment of these 
 omens, good and evil alike.' The difficulty is, why should Artemis asJ^ for 
 the accomplishment of the cruelty which she hates (artryei de dfiwoy)? 
 Schiitz suggests tovtqjv, alrai, ^vn^oXa Kpdvai, optative, * may she ac- 
 complish.' It is much better to read, with all the MSS. but one, KaXA 
 (vocative), for d Ka\d, and read aivei (imper.) for airci. It then will run 
 'Though so kindly to the tender young of mighty lions, O fair maiden, and 
 loving the suckling brood of all the wild wood beasts, yet consent to the 
 accomplishment of the signs of these things, visions of good and ill.' 
 This makes 140-145 addressed to Artemis, as 146-155 is to Apollo. 
 
 1. 141. I take the generally adopted Xeirrots for the meaningless MS. 
 diiTTois : in the original uncials A and A were very near. 
 
 1. 145. trrpovdCiy is clearly corrupt, as it lengthens a of (t>a(rp.aTa, 
 and as there is nothing about ' sparrows ' here at all. It has got in by 
 some one confusing this story with the story of the sign of the sparrows 
 in II. 2. 311. 
 
 1. 146. Ilaidva, ' the healer,' well-known name of Apollo. 'It|ios, 
 also name of Apollo ; said to be from irj, and to mean * invoked with 
 the cry,' like evios for Dionysos. 
 
 1. 148. xP<>v^cis fx^v-QSas dirXoCas, 'adverse gales, long delaying the 
 fleet.' {ix^vrjis from fx'"'^^^^* 'ship-detaining.') 
 
 1. 150. T6iL»|xi» i-e. Artemis. Apollo is asked to prevail with his 
 sister not to delay the host by adverse winds. 
 
 1. 151. Ovo-iav, the * other sacrifice, lawless, unfeasting,' is the sacri- 
 fice of his daughter Iphigeneia, which Agamemnon made to appease 
 
 NOTES. LINES I35-179, 
 
 75 
 
 Artemis, as told below. The ZaU being the feast on the meat of the 
 sacrifice, this offering was clearly dSatros. 
 
 I. 152. 'A seed of strife clinging to the race (crvfjufjvrov) fruitful of 
 rebellion against the lord ' (lit. ' not fearing the lord ' of the house), the 
 last words being a dark hint of the murder that awaits Agamemnon from 
 the faithless Klytaemnestra. 
 
 II. 154, 155. A characteristic instance of Aeschylus' accumulation of 
 phrase. Here are six adjectives and one substantive. * For wrath 
 abides, rising again, haunting the house with guile, unforgetting, aveng- 
 ing the children.' 
 
 1. 157. \i6pai\ia, a euphemism for 'evils.' 'Such fated ills, yet 
 with great blessings, sang Kalchas from omens on the way,' etc. 
 
 1. 161. 'Zeus, whoe'er he be, if by this name it please him to be 
 called;' t6Sc, i.e. Zeus alone, without other more definite title. 
 
 1. 164. ouK cx" 'n-poa€iKd<Tai, either • I cannot conjecture,' i.e. 'refer 
 it all to any but Zeus,' or better and simpler, ' I cannot compare any but 
 Zeus (to Zeus),' i. e. * Zeus is incomparably above all.' 
 
 1. 165. €1 TO \idrav . . lTr\rv\uas, 'if in good truth I must cast from 
 me the vain load of care.' to \jidrav ^x^os describes ' the vagt^e fore- 
 boding,' ♦ ill-defined, shadowy care.' The sense is therefore : if I am to 
 get rid of my vague and gloomy forebodings, I must rest on Zeus as the 
 greatest of all. Others K., Schn., etc., take jiaTav as prolcptic ; * cast 
 away my care so as to be vain,' which is not so good. 
 
 1. 170. oi»S^ XigcTat -irplv cSv, lit. 'will not even be spoken of as having 
 been of old,' i. e. 'his day is past, we shall not even tell of him.' The 
 MSS. read ovihXv Xi^ai vpiv &v or ovhiv ri Ac^at (Fa.), which will neither 
 scan nor construe. The above correction is the slightest and the best; 
 it is due to Ahrens, and is adopted by Eng., Schn., and later D. The 
 allusion is to Ouranos, the father of Kronos, whom Kronos conquered 
 and dethroned ; exactly the same fate awaited Kronos himself from the 
 hand of his own son Zeus. 
 
 1. 171. OS 8* «ir€iT* «4>v, Kronos. TpiaKTTJpos, lit. * one who throws 
 thrice {rpia, rpus) in a wrestle,' the three throws being necessary for 
 victory. So ruv rpiwv vaKaiaiiaTuv Eum. 589, 5td rptuiv diroAAu/ioi 
 Eur. Or. 434. 
 
 1. 1 74. ' Shouts the triumph-song of Zeus.* cmviKta, cogn. ace. 
 
 1. 175. See Appendix II. 
 
 1. 177. Tov irdOci p,d0os . . «x«iv, ' who has appointed wisdom by suf- 
 fering as a sure law,' i.e. 'that wisdom shall be learnt by suffering.* 
 MSS. read r^ vdOei by a natural error. 
 
 1. 1 79. aTofet, ' trickles,' intr., the most natural meaning. (Not as 
 Pal. ' drops wisdom,' understanding t5 aa}(ppovuv in the ace. tv 6' virvt^ii 
 the $' is odd. Schomann's dv6' vvvov is ingenious and probable.) 
 
1;J 
 
 76 
 
 AGAMEMNON, 
 
 NOTES, LINES l8o-227« 
 
 77 
 
 1. 180. Kal irap* aKOvras, 'and wisdom comes to men in their 
 despite,' i. e. by suffering, by ways they would not choose. 
 
 1. 182. The MSS. read 6aip,6va»v 8« irov x<^pi'S) Ptatws a-i\\ia cciivov 
 ^^€V(dv, usually construed, ' and surely 'tis a favour of the gods, seated in 
 might upon their solemn thrones.' Only Piaius cannot mean * mightily,' 
 it must mean * with force or violence.' The best alteration is perhaps 
 Schomann's Piaios, with comma after it : * and the gods' favour is oft 
 forced on men, the gods who sit on their glorious thrones.' In fact, 
 another expression of the same truth as Trap' aKovras ^\6€ aoxppovfiv. 
 But perhaps it is altogether corrupt. 
 
 1. 186. The poet returns to the narrative. The connection of this 
 intervening religious ode with the story seems to be this: The seer 
 warned Agamemnon of the mixed good and evil that was in store for 
 him, and especially foreboded the evil results of the child's slaughter 
 (154-5) 5 ^^^ Agamemnon, in spite of all, did the deed, and incurred the 
 curse. Zetis is above all^ and has ordained that man shall only be taught 
 by suffering. Kal toO', application of the general reflections to the 
 special case ; * so then.' 
 
 1. 187. €(tiraCot,s, literally, 'striking upon,' i. e. *his stormy lot,' prob. 
 the same met. as avixTrvicuv, * not breathing against/ i. e. ' yielding to.' 
 So again, 219. 
 
 1. 189. papuvovT*, imperf. augment omitted, as often in the choruses. 
 
 1. 190. XuXkiBos ircpav extuv, ' camped on the shore that faced 
 toward Chalkis,' i. e. at Aulis, opp. to Chalkis in Euboea. irlpov usu. 
 taken as adv. and fx**^ intr., but it is prob. the ace. of the old word 
 trtpa (which of course the adv. is originally), and means 'holding the 
 other side.' We have the gen. (read by M. and Schol.) iripas in Supp. 
 262 €K nepas Navira/CTi'as. 
 
 1. 191. iraXipp6x0ois, 'eddying,' 'surging back.' MSS. read -naXip- 
 poOois, with same meaning; altered to suit metre, ^iaios ffek-, 183. 
 
 1. 192. 2Tpv(Ji6vos. The Strymon was the great river of Thrace, 
 which flowed out past Amphipolis. The N.E. wind would bar their 
 passage out of the strait at Aulis. Notice the piling up of adjectives 
 here again, as in 1. 154. 
 
 1. 195. ppoTwv dXoi, in a kind of strange apposition, lit. 'wander- 
 ings of mortals,' i. e. ' drifting men away.' pporwv opp. to vtuv rt koI 
 irfiff/idrajv. 
 
 1. 196. iTaXip,jiT|Ktjs, as we say, ' as long again,' 'lengthening out the 
 time twice-told.' 
 
 1. 197. TpC^cp, ' with wasting,' rarer for rpifi-fj. 
 
 1. 199. * Another cure of the bitter tempest,' their ordinary sacrifices 
 having been vain for long. 
 
 1. 30I. irpoijjcpwv yVpTCfitv, ' pleading (the wrath of) Artemis.' 
 
 1. 202. x^ova cmKpowovTos, in rage, of course. So Achilles in 
 Homer, rrorl Sk (jKrympov /3(iA.c 70(5 II. i, 245, 
 
 1. 206. KT|p, ' fate,' old Epic word. 
 
 1. 210. This line in the MSS. does not correspond witli the strophe 
 (197) : and both show rather a strange metre at the end : accordingly I 
 adopt Hermann's "Apyovi and Schomann's irpd Pcvfiov for 0(ufiov niKas. 
 
 1. 21 1. Tt Twv8' av€v KaKuv ; i. e. * whiche'er I choose is woe.' 
 
 1. 21 2. * How can I (bear to) desert my fleet, and lose my comrades?* 
 i. e. to have the whole expedition broken up, by not taking the only 
 means. First the fleet scatters (£v/i. d/*.), then the disgrace of the 
 failure falls on Agamemnon. 
 
 I. 216. MSS. read opy^ trepi^pYws ciriOvficiv, *to long, desiring with 
 desire,' an almost Eastern fulness and repetition. The subject of lm$U' 
 fjiiiv is * the comrades,' or (vfi/xaxoi. This might do, but Schomann's 
 correction, ir€pi6pYcp o-«}>', improves sense and structure. 
 
 II. 217 sqq. 'But when he had shouldered the yoke of necessity, 
 breathing an impious veering gale of spirit, unblest, unholy — then his 
 heart turned to thoughts of uttermost daring.' Lit. 'he changed his pur- 
 pose (fJL(TfyvQ)) so as to devise' {<ppovuv, epexeg. inf.). TpoiraCav, 'veering 
 gale,' because he gave up the struggle and went straight for the wicked 
 deed. 
 
 1. 220. Some put comma at jiCTc-yvw, take t60€v relative (as it is in 
 Epic, and may easily be in Aesch.), and IrXa 8' ovv as the principal verb. 
 So Pal. quoting Schol. as authority : the Schol. however is so wrong 
 about the rest of the line, that it may be wrong about To^fy ; and the 
 pointing in the text is in any case clearer and better. 
 
 1. 222. Notice the piled adjectives again, 'fell distraction, base- 
 devising, the fountain of woe.* 
 
 1. 224. 8* ovv, see 34. 'Well — he had the heart to be the slayer,' 
 as though he said, ' However it may be (with the general remarks about 
 irapojcoTrd) anyhow the fact was so.' 
 
 I. 225. dp(i>Y<^v and irpoTcXcta are ace. in apposition to the action or 
 the sentence^ as often in Greek, ' to aid the war . . for the fleet an expia- 
 tion.' irpoTcXcia, ' the preliminary sacrifice ' (see 1. 65) before the fleet 
 could go. Observe the significant antithesis, ©vryarpos . . YuvotKOTroCvwv, 
 ' he slew a daughter . . to help in vengeance for a wife,' The daughter 
 is a blood-relation, the wife a stranger. 
 
 II. 227-250. The astonishing beauty of this passage has struck all 
 readers from that day to this; it is at once melodious, imaginative, 
 picturesque, and overpoweringly pathetic. It suggests many touches in 
 Lucretius' fine picture of the sacrifice, i. 87-100. 
 
 ' And her prayers, and her cries of " father," and her maiden prime 
 they set at nought, the bloodthirsty judges . , .' 
 
78 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 It is disputed whether KXijSovas means 'her appeals to the name,' or 
 ' the name; whether Ag. disregarded her calling him father, or his own 
 fatherly feelings. The first is better. 
 
 1. 229. trap' ovbiv €0€VTO. Exactly the English * set at nought.* 
 literally used of estimating, reckoning in an account. 
 
 1. 230. ppa^Tis are properly ♦ those who preside at a contest,' and so 
 used here picturesquely of Agamemnon and Menelaos. 
 
 1. 231. 4>p(io-ev, no augment, 189. 
 dojois, ' the ministers,' ' the attendants.* (d-Sd-t-os, * on the road with,* 
 'accompanying,' like d-zcc^Aou^-os ; the d- appears in d-\ox-os, 'bed- 
 fellow,' d-d^\<p6s, * bom of the same womb,' etc. Curt. 598.) 
 
 1. 233. irtirXowrt irepiireTTi, 'with her robes flowing round her.' 
 venXois, dat. respect. 
 
 1. 234. irovTi 0ufi^ irpovojiri). It is possible, and tempting at first 
 sight, to take these words together, 'with all her spirit drooping ;' but 
 it is more like Greek to refer navrl Ovfiip to the do^ot ; the order of the 
 words then marks the sharp antithesis, ' he bade the ministers unfalter- 
 ing raise the drooping maid.' (So diravrt evfta Eum. 738.) They were 
 to be eager, she was fainting with fear and grief. 
 
 1. 235. The MSS. read (t>vkaKdv. We might retain this and con- 
 strue <|>vXaKdv Karatrxetv, 'to hold guard,' i.e. 'to check,' 4)06yyov 
 being the object accusative by a loose but not uncommon construction 
 (like Soph. O.C. 584 rd 5* ev /icVo; . . Kriariv Ttrx^ty, ' the time between thou 
 forgettest '), governed by the idea ipvKdcraeaeat contained in <pvKatcdv, 
 ' to keep guard over her fair lips a^amsi the cry.' But <|)vXaK^ is a 
 very slight alteration, and makes the construction quite easy ; and more- 
 over they do not want ' to guard against ' (<pv\aKdv Karaaxtlv) the cry. 
 but * to check ' {Karaaxdv) ; so I have taken it, following Blomf. and 
 Eng. * And with the curb to stifle her sweet lips' cry, fraught with 
 curses to her house.' 
 
 1. 237. • With violence and the muffled might of bonds ;' a fine phrase 
 for the gag. Notice dvovStp, epithet transferred from the bound victim 
 to the bonds. The line hangs over into the next stanza, just as in 175 ; 
 but it spoils the passage not to take it with what precedes. 
 
 1. 239. KpoKov Pa<|)ds, * her robe of safi"ron,' her dyed princess* robe. 
 So Antigone unties ' the saffron splendour of her robe,* aroXibos Kpo- 
 Koicoav rpvfpdv Eur. Phoen. 149 1. Stanley and Schn. understand it of 
 blood!! Observe the unusual hiatus xiovaa . . i^aXkt : perhaps the 
 text is wrong. 
 
 1. 241. • Plain as in a picture, fain to speak.* We are oflen reminded 
 in the Greek tragedians of the works of painting and sculpture which 
 enriched Athens. So in this play, 416, 801, 1329 ; and Eum. 50 tidov vot 
 i^drj *iv€U5 ytypafifiivas Mwvov <p€povaas, Eur. Hec. 564 arepva $' d/s 
 
 u 
 
 NOTES. LINES 229-250. 
 
 79 
 
 dydXfxaroi K&WiaTa, id. 807 &s ypa<f>fhs dvoffTaOfh l^ov fit, Ar. Ran. 
 537 y^paixixivriv tUov* iardvai. So Eur. Hipp. 1009, Troad. 682. About 
 fifty years after this play was acted a celebrated painter at Sikyon, 
 named Timanthes, painted this very scene, and Agamemnon standing 
 by with his face veiled (Pliny, 35. 10). In the museum at Naples 
 there is a fresco of this subject, taken from ' the house of the Trairic 
 Poet.* ** 
 
 1. 244. &Yv$ (SchUtz*s obvious correction for the awkward dyvd of 
 MSS.) dTavpwTOs at»89, 'with virginal voice the spotless maiden.' 
 Paley well suggests that the emphasis of this beautiful phrase is in- 
 tentional ; the banquet songs of later days were sung by very different 
 people from the pure and lovely princess. 
 
 1. 245. Read^etJiroTjiov waiavo with Hartung (Eng., K., Dav., and 
 Pal.) for MSS. fvnoTfiov cUuva, which will not scan and makes bad sense, 
 'lovingly graced her loving father's chant of happy fortune, sung at the 
 third libation.' The third libation was poured to Zdjs ^onijp, and then, 
 the avp,Tromov or drinking-bout began, the UIttvov being ended. With 
 the end of the libations came the -naidv, or song. So in Plato's Sympo- 
 sium [t(l>ri] b^iinrqaavras anovbds Troirjaaa-eai Kal ^aavras rdv etov, which 
 last phrase clearly refers to the paean. See 1386. 
 
 I. 247. The sacrifice itself could not be more impressively told than 
 by this terrible hint. • The rest I saw not neither speak ; but Kalchas' 
 word (lit. 'arts ') is not unfulfilled.' Others (Eng., Schn.) refer rd 8' 
 «v0€v not to the slaughter, but to all that is to come of it. No doubt in 
 25o.the Chorus are thinking of the ill to follow ; but that is led up to by 
 the thought ' Kalchas' word is not unfulfilled,' meaning first his advice 
 to slay Iphigeneia, then (suggested by that) his prophecy of the tpo&tpd 
 iii]Vi% (154). It is far more poetical and effective to take rd 5* hQiv as 
 euphemism for the bloody deed. 
 
 II. 250-254. This passage is well known for its corruptness and 
 difficulty. The true reading is, however, probably preserved in Fa 
 which reads :^ * 
 
 St/ca h\ Tofy yXv traOovatv fia$€iy 
 
 imppiiTU. t6 fiiWov 
 
 firfl yivoiT dv kXvoi^^ rrpoxaipfroj. 
 The others (M.. Fl.. G.) read, imppiiru rd /i^KKov rd U npoK\{>(tv 
 €nu, K.T.\., which is impossible to equate with the strophe, and nearly 
 impossible to construe. Goodwin (Trans. Amer. Phil. Ass. 1877) has 
 however pointed out the important fact that in M. not only rii ik 
 irpoK\<,iiv but also the colon after fxiWop is by a later hand ; so that the 
 onginal reading of M. (much the oldest) confirms Fa. We only re- 
 quire S( after to fiiWov to make both sense and metre. The meaning 
 wiU then be ; • To them that suffer, justice brings wisdom. What is to 
 
 t 
 
 P 
 
 
 
8o 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 NOTES, LINES 254-282. 
 
 Si 
 
 be, thou canst hear when it has come (kXvois av principal verb, irrtl 
 Y€votTO optative indefinite, assimilated in mood to icXvois as grammar 
 requires) : ere that, have none of it (irpd x^^P^'''^* lit. ' before hand, fare- 
 well to it ') ; 'tis but too early sorrow.* I. e. ' hear it after the event ; 
 have nothing to do with it (hearing it) before the time ; hearing before 
 the time means lamenting before the time.* So that the subject to 
 laov ((CTi) is rb irpo-K\vuv, exactly what some intelligent reader wrote 
 on the side, and which has crept into the text. Enger is certainly 
 right in reading rrpb xa'/>^T<u in two words; the meaning is clearer, 
 and it would be more likely to lead to the gloss which has caused all 
 the difficulty. irp6 is then adverbial, in the Epic fashion. 
 
 1. 254. Topov ydp ^^« avvopBov avrais is the reading of M. and Ven, 
 retained by Goodwin, who explains, 'for clear it will come out, in 
 accord with them ' (the rixvai KdKxavros). But avrais is a very weak 
 word, and very far from rix^ai ; and the emendation avvopOpov (Wel- 
 lauer) axryah (Herm.), * clear it will come with the rays of the 
 dawn,' is very near the MSS., and gives a fine sense, and is generally 
 adopted. 
 
 1. 255. 8* odv, 34. 
 
 MSS. give cvirpagis, verbal from tZ vpafffffiv : some prefer to write 
 it in two words according to the ordinary rules, but there is doubt 
 whether it will not stand. 
 
 rdirl Tovrowri, * as to what comes after.* 
 
 1. 356. * This one sole defence of the Apian land, bound by close 
 ties.* These words may mean either * ourselves,' or * Klytaemnestra,' 
 who just then enters. The former is perhaps the more natural thing to 
 say ; but ayxt-frrov and ^ov64>povpov look like the latter, and in that 
 case nov6<ppovpov, * sole-guarding,' is (as Schn. remarks) full of irony 
 to the spectators who know of her faithlessness. 
 
 'AirCas, old name for Peloponnese; it is derived from AP-, Lat. 
 aqu-i * water,' and means * the water-girt land.' Cp. M€(T<rajrta, ' be- 
 tween the waters.' 
 
 [11. -258-354. Scene I. Klytaemnestra now comes out of the central 
 door, and the leader of the Chorus turns to the stage and addresses her. 
 He asks the news, and is told of the capture of Troy, the tidings have 
 come by beacon, the stages of which are then described ; Klyt. imagines 
 the scene in Troy, and expresses a hope that it will end well.] 
 
 1. 261. *But whether thou hast heard good news, or naught heard but 
 hast hope of good, that thus thou art busy with sacrifice,' in this sense 
 the cvayYcXowTiv cXirCtrvv only belongs to the second alternative, to the 
 y.\ ircirvornevTj. Mr. Morshead turns it well, * Now be it sure and certain 
 news of good, or the fair tidings of a flattering hope, that bids thee 
 spread the light,' etc. 
 
 «i Ti K€8v6v, an old conjecture for MSS. iin K^hvov, and a necessary 
 alteration. 
 
 1. 263. €{;4)pwv, * glad,* i. e. ' gladly.' Others take it, * being well 
 disposed,' a clumsier sentence. 
 
 ohU o-iywoTi 4>e6vos.. ' Nor shall I grudge thy silence,* i.e. if thou 
 keep silence. 
 
 1. 264. ♦ With happy tidings— -so the proverb runs— may the dawn 
 spring forth from her mother night.' The whole couplet is the irapotiiCa, 
 with its simple and strong imagery ; the use of cvK^pov-q, with the slight 
 play on the double meaning, is of course appropriate to the proverb. The 
 * good-hearted' night would naturally bring forth a 'dawn of good news.* 
 1. 271. 6i> <j)povo{)vTOs is predicative. ' Ay, for thine eyes show forth 
 thy heart as loyal.' 
 
 1. 272. This line is best read as two questions, with Pal., Ken. If 
 it is read as one question, the answer is not to the point. 
 
 1.274. eviT€i0^, 'persuasive.' (No need to alter to cyw^ with 
 Blomf., H., etc.) 
 
 1. 275. ou S6|av fiv Xdpoijxt, 'I would not accept (i.e. 'believe') 
 the fancy.' 
 
 1. 276. ♦ What ? has some wingless rumour puffed thee up ?' 
 
 dXX' -?!, of surprised or excited inquiry usually (Phil. 414; EL 
 879 ; Hipp. 932) ; here the surprise is scornful. ' Art thou so foolish?* 
 irtaCvw, prop. ' to fatten,' one of Aeschylus' bold metaphors. 
 diTTcpos <t>dTts is difficult. The only plausible interpetation (Pal., 
 K.), ' rumour sped by no bird,' i. e. spontaneously arising, is a little far- 
 fetched. Perhaps, in view of the common Homeric circa Tir^pUvra, and 
 the strange phrase, t^ 5' dirrcpos litX^ro nvOos Od. 17. 57, which probably 
 means, 'and her word was unwinged,' i.e. unspoken (Faesi), we may 
 construe here, *:n unspoken rumour,' i.e. as K., 'a strange presentiment.* 
 [H. and others say * wingless,' i.e. * unfledged/ 'immature.' Obscure.] 
 1. 278. iroCo'w xp^vov, comprehensive gen., like vvktos, imayiaOat. r^y 
 blov, 6(cov 7T(5ioio, etc., ' within what time ? ' 
 
 Kat emphasises the verb, ' ... has the city been sacked ?* 
 1. 279, vvv, * but now.' See note on 104. 
 
 cu4>p6vT)s, the case is kept to answer to xP^^ov. 
 1. 280. Kal tCs, incredulous, just as in English, 'and what messenger 
 could come so quick?' (So, e.g. Soph. O. C. 73, 606, 1173.) 
 rdxos, adverbial ace, a kind of quasi-cognate or internal ace. 
 1. 282. ' Beacon sped beacon on with courier-flame.' dyToipos. a 
 Persian word ; the system is fully described by Herodotus, 8. 98, in 
 his inimitable style. ' Now no mortal thing arrives quicker than these 
 messengers ; such is the system the Persians have invented. A number 
 of men and horses are posted at intervals, equal to the number of days 
 
 G 
 
i 
 
 82 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 required for the despatch, each man and horse being a day's journey 
 from the next. These neither snow nor rain, nor heat nor night, stops 
 from accomplishing their appointed stage at full speed. The first gives 
 the despatch to the second, and the second to the third, and so forth. 
 This they call a-ftaprqiov: [The MSS. read dLyyiXov, but the line is quoted 
 with ayyapov in various old gramm.] 
 
 The stations for the beacons are : Ida in the Troad ; Mt. Hermaios 
 in Lemnos ; Mt. Athos, S. E. promontory of Chalkidike ; Mt. Makistos 
 in S. Euboea; Mt. Messapios and Kithairon, in Boeotia; Mt. Aigi- 
 planktos in the Megarid ; Mt. Arachnaios in Argolis. 
 
 11. 286-289. This passage is a well-known crux. The words, as they 
 stand, mean : ' And soaring so as to overpass the sea the might of the 
 
 marching torch all joyfully the golden gleam like some sun, to the 
 
 heights of Makistos passing the tidings on ;' where the dash ( — ) stands 
 in the place of viVKrj. It is highly probable that ir€VKT|, a gloss upon 
 iVxvs iTopivrov \a/jiird5of, has ousted the verb from its place; if some 
 word like ' sent ' be put into the blank, the sense is complete. Eng. reads 
 TTiiivu, which may be right. Kennedy's irpomaTo will hardly do, it is 
 an unnatural word in spite of its ingenuity. All the MSS. agree in reading 
 oPKoirds ; the ace. may be right if the lost verb was a transitive verb of 
 motion, 'sent the golden gleam to the heights . . . :' but on the whole, espe- 
 cially considering the position oiitapa-fyHXaaa, the dative is more likely. 
 The alternative is to keep vevK-q, read laxw, and suppose that trpb^ 
 ■fjhovfiv is a corruption of the verb : either irporiwafv, Camp, or irpo- 
 arjw(J€v, Elmsl,, Hart. 
 
 iropcvToO, not from tropfvros (which has three terminations), but pro- 
 bably from irop€VTT]9, 'traveller;' agreement, like aarr^p tvxv. Soph. 
 O. T. 80 ; Ag. 604. So also OikKrcup tthOuj, Suppl. 1040, Kapavtarrjpef 
 SiKat, Eum. 186. irpos ij8ovt|v might be taken of the joy in those who 
 saw it ; but if so, there would have been a dative of the person. It is 
 quite good of the fire. iropaY-ycXXu has a special fitness ; its proper use 
 is military, ' to pass the word down the line.' So 294, 316. 
 
 1. 291. irapTjKev dYY«Xov (Jicpos, 'neglected not the herald's part,' 
 the negatives going on from ovti fxtWcuv ou5', h.t.X. This is the com- 
 mon way of taking it, and it is quite possible ; but I rather incline to 
 prefer Paley's, 'passed on his share of the message.' Not that ayyfXos 
 means ' message ;' it means * messenger,' and the phrase literally is • his 
 messenger's share,' quite a possible expression. 
 
 1. 292. Euripos, the narrow strait between Euboea and Boeotia. 
 
 1. 297. *A(rciMT<nl, the river of Boeotia, north of Plataeae. 
 
 1. 299. * Awoke a new relay of missive flame.' A>«. 
 
 1.300. ouK T|va£v€To, 'did not disown,' poetic understatement, he 
 means ' welcomed,' ' recognised and attended to.* 
 
 
 • 
 
 NOTES. LINES 286-3 1 1. 
 
 «3 
 
 1. 301. 4>povp(l, ' the guard,' who were on the look-out on Kithairon. 
 irXcov Katovo-a twv clpTjjitvwv, * lighting a fiercer fire than those I 
 have told of,' seems a very flat line, though the MSS. are agreed upon 
 it. But one cannot help being strongly tempted (with D., Schn.) to be- 
 lieve that a half line, found in Hesychius (Alexandrine lexicographer and 
 grammarian, 4th century a.d., who has preserved many scraps of the 
 ancient writers), trpoaaiBpi^ovaa nSfimfiov <pk6ya, belongs to this place. 
 The line means, ' raising to the skies the missive flame ;' a thoroughly 
 Aeschylean expression, exactly suiting the place, and clearly describing 
 a beacon. The words in the text may then have been a dull gloss on 
 -rrpoaaiepi^ovaa ; though, as they appear in all the MSS., I have not ven- 
 tured to make a change. 
 
 1. 302. XCixvTj ropYwms, a little inlet in the N.E. comer of the Co- 
 rinthian gulf. 
 
 1. 304. jiT^ xapf?«<»"6ai is the MSS. reading, which makes no sense. 
 Various conjectures have been made, fiijxapiC^crdai (a word which does 
 not exist), *to devise,' (?) Well., K. /x^ xpoyiCf(rOai, 'not to linger,' Pal, 
 hV xaTtC<<^^at, ' not to fail,' lit. ' not to be missed,' Heath, H., D., Eng., 
 Schn. The last seems the best. ' Urged on the fiery ordinance not 
 to fail,' a fine phrase ; the personification of the two fires being quite in 
 Aeschylus' imaginative style. 
 
 1. 305. dv-8a£w. Epic syncope of dvd, like the Homeric &fx <pvTd, 
 dyKaXfcu, dy^ijpaivoj, dXXi^ai, etc. So iiravrfiXaaav 27; of. 1021, 1599. 
 
 I. 306. • A mighty beard of fire,' a bold and picturesque image for a 
 blaze streaming in the wind. 
 
 Kttl SapcoviKov, etc. ' Even to overpass the headland that looks down 
 on the Saronic gnlf.' Kdroirrov (for the meaningless MSS. KaroTrrpov), adj., 
 the mrd governing gen. The * headland' is evidently Mount Geraneia. 
 
 II. 306-8. Probably corrupt, the MSS. reading in 308 dr' eaKrjiptv cfr' 
 d<piK€TO, which is certainly wrong ; and <p\iyovaav after (pkoybs fiiyav Trdj- 
 yojva is at least suspicious. The best way in such a case is to make the 
 least needful alteration, which is done by correcting one or both of the 
 iXras: either €7x0 .. €yT€,(D.); tXr., (Zr, (Pal.); or hr'., tZr, (H., Eng., 
 Schn.), which is perhaps on the whole the best, and has been adopted. 
 The sense will then run, ' Then kindling with unstinted might they send 
 a mighty beard of flame, even to surmount the headland overlook- 
 ing the Saronic bay, blazing onward, till it alighted, when it reached the 
 Arachnaian steep, our city's neighbouring beacon height.' vireppdXXeiv 
 will be epexegetic inf. quite natural after irifinovai. 4>Xc7ot;(rav will be 
 Hard aiiviaiv (constructed according to sense, not grammar) with <p\oy6i 
 -nwyojva, fem. because the thought is ' bearded flame,' andyfaw^? is fem. 
 
 1. 311. ovK airoinrov 'KaCov irvpos, 'true scion of Idaian fire.' Sw. 
 The gen. is common after these neg. adjectives; it is a gen. of reference, 
 
 6 2 
 
 l/J 
 
 1! 
 
 ti 
 
84 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 combined perhaps with the gen. of emptiness. So Soph. drp6<priTos kvicv- 
 Hdruy Aj. 321, dffKfvov affiridow El. 36, ^/xepwv divrjpidnov Tr. 247, etc.; 
 and Ag. 649 d/x-qvirov Oiuv. 
 
 1. 31 2. ToioiBe ToC |Aot, * such I ween ;' ixoi, Ethical dative. Others 
 divide not so well, TOioih' troi^oi, 'such means of communication the 
 queen has at her disposal,' says Pal., not very poetically. 
 
 The next passage has some difficulties. ' Such the ordinances of 
 our torch-racers one from another by succession accomplished,' i.e. Klyt. 
 compares the series of beacons to the torch-race or \a/ji7radr]<popia at 
 Athens. What this was is not quite clear, but apparently there was a 
 numder or chain of runners engaged, each of whom carried the torch" 
 a certam distance and then handed it on to the next. The torch had to 
 be brought in alight. The competition was probably between rival 
 chams of runners. The only point of resemblance here is the quick suc- 
 cession and the/;v, and it is curious that Herodotus, in the passage quoted 
 above (282) on 0770^0?, compares the Persian courier system (which 
 Aesch. likens to the beacons) to this very \afiira^cf>opia, in respect of the 
 succession of carriers. The next line is variously taken:— (i) *And 
 first and last alike they win the race,' (Eng., Schn., Klaus., etc.), i.e. 
 just as the victory in the torch-race belongs to all the c/iain, so here the 
 triumph IS won by first and last alike. The omission of the article (xw 
 r(\€VTaios) is not surprising in the looser style of Aeschylus ; so 324 we 
 have Kal Twu d\6vTcuu Kal Kparrjaavrojv. Perhaps we should rather 
 have expected some word for 'equally,' 'alike.' (2) 'And the first 
 wins, last also in the race' (Peile), i.e. and the victory is with the one 
 who arrived first, having been lighted last. The victory, because it 
 brought the news ; the resemblance to the torch-race being dropped. 
 (3) 'And he who ran first and last wins.' the same sense as (2) but 
 grammatically different, or (4) 'though he ran last,' Ken. Kai for naiirtp. 
 It is impossible to decide confidently; but (i) is rather simpler and 
 better than the others. 
 
 1.317. aSOis, 'later.' 
 
 1. 31 9. is Myois irdXiv, the optative is given by two out of the three 
 MSS. here (Fl., Fa.), and is probably right. It is the assimilated opta- 
 tive, not uncommon in the dependent clause where the principal verb 
 IS opt.; it is due to the feeling of the principal verb ^^m^ r^«//««^^ 
 on into the dependent. ' I would fain hear at length . . according as 
 thou wouldst tell it again.' So Plat. Men. 92 C vm dv d8ur], ^,pl 
 rovrov ov an^tpo, etrj^; Soph. O. C. 560 Seipi^v . . Siv rrpa^tu ri/xoty \4ias 
 onoia, l^acpiaraitirjv l^ij ■ Plat. Phaed. 65 hKuvos hv voiijade . . Zaris hi 
 ws A€'7€ts, 'as thou dost tell it.' the reading of B.. is easy enough 
 but not qmte such good sense. He wants more details, not a repetition 
 of the story as told. . 
 
 NOTES. LINES 3 1 2-347. 
 
 85 
 
 if 
 
 1.321. ajiiKTov, 'discordant,' not blending; as her simile shortly 
 makes clear. 
 
 ^■323- <}>tAws (the MSS. reading) is much better than <piXoj, a com- 
 mon correction. ' Unfriendly sundered wouldst thou call them.' 
 1. 324. KaC answers to r after o^os. We should say, ' as . . so . .' 
 
 8ixa, 'apart,' i.e. 'distinct' from each other. 
 1. 326. ol p,€v, • the captives,' largely women, as we see from dvhpuv, etc. 
 
 I- 32 7' <t>UTaXp.Cwv 7€p6vTwv, 'fostering sires.' There is no need to 
 alter this to (pvrdXfxioi traiSoiv yfpovxfs with Weil., Eng.; 'the old men' 
 need not have been too old to fight. 
 
 1. 330. CK \KiiXt\s, * after,' so Tv<p\bs Ik UZopK6ros, (^ elprjvrjs voX€ fifty, 
 etc. 
 
 vvKTiirXaYKTOs, etc., 'night-roaming toil sets them hungry down to 
 such fare as the city has ;' the meaning is clear, but the expression is 
 fanciful and picturesque, after his manner. 
 
 1. 332. 'According to no token in order due,' a grim kind of irony; 
 the banquet in the sacked town was no well-ordered festival, where each 
 received his token and took his appointed seat (cv [lipti) ; but just as 
 it chanced (333) he took what he got (331). 
 
 1. 333- This line goes better with what precedes, so with Eng., K., 
 Dav., I put a stop after it ; and read tv 8* next line, as Eng. 
 
 1. 336. MSS. wj dvadaifxovfs, unconnected and nonsense, ws 8* €v- 
 8aijtov€s (Stanl., Eng., Schn., K.) is the best alteration. 'And like 
 happy men shall sleep all night without watch to keep ' (wy SI daifwvfs 
 is too strong a phrase for merely getting a good night's rest). 
 
 1. 340. A good example of certain emendation : the MSS. read av 7' 
 IXhvn^ or dvi\6vjis^ and av Qdvouv or hv Qdvouv. 
 
 1. 341. |i,Trj tjAirCTTTxi. The subjunctive expresses a misgiving, 'only 
 beware lest,' common in Homer: a; p.01 lyijj, /z^ ris fioi vipaivriciv 56\ov 
 avT€ Od. 5. 356, also in Attic /t^ dypoiKorfpou ^ rd d^rjOts dneiv Plat. 
 Gorg. 462 E. 
 
 1. 342. This caution 'not to sack holy things' they neglected; cp. 
 527 /Scu/ioi 8' diffToi, etc. 
 
 I. 344. 8iav\os, ' the double course,' where the nmners went round 
 a post and back to the start ; a good metaphor for the double voyage. 
 
 II- 345-7' The meaning of these lines is simpler than has been sup- 
 posed. Taking the MSS. reading dva|jiirXdKT]Tos, which Goodwin has 
 shown (Trans. Am. Phil. Ass. 1877) to be read in Fl. as well as the 
 others, we shall construe: 'but if the army returned without such 
 offence to the gods, the woe of the dead might yet wake, if sudden ills 
 did not befall.' The second 'if is a repetition of the first in other 
 words ; the whole drift is, ' let no impious desires assail the army ; (that 
 might bring judgment and peril on them, for) they have to return home; 
 
 fi 
 
86 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 NOTES, LINES 349-368. 
 
 87 
 
 but if they kept free of such offence, (and accordingly) if no such sudden 
 judgment befell, there still might wake the woe of the dead,' which 
 makes good sense, ^nd there is no reason to read ivatxTrXaK-qros. The 
 last words contain a double entendre ; to the chorus they mean, ' the army 
 might suffer for Trojans slain, if they escaped storm (649) or other 
 judgment ;* but the hidden meaning is, 'Agamemnon, if he escaped ship- 
 wreck, might pay the penalty for Iphigeneia,' as he does. 
 
 1. 349. TO S' €u KparoiTj. She takes up the refrain of the chorus 
 (121, 139), and seems still more sanguine: for instead oi mkivov, 'the 
 mixed woe and joy,' she wishes ' no doubtful good.' But again there is the 
 grim second meaning, 'let us have complete triumph' over Agamemnon. 
 
 1. 350. iroXXwv yap eVeXuiv t^v8* ovT](nv etXofitiv, * for this have I 
 chosen, as the enjoyment of many blessings,' i.e. counting it as equal to 
 the enjoyment of many other blessings : namely, * that all should return 
 safe;' or, as she really means, • that I should have my revenge.* ti7v5€ 
 is attracted to ovriaiv as usual. The MSS. read r-qv, and Hermann 
 corrected it. 
 
 1. 354. • For joy is wrought not unworthy of our toils ' is the best 
 meaning: both xi^pi^ and drtp-os being used in slightly strained senses: 
 cp. 1443 ariixa 5* ovk iirpa^aTTjVf 'they have fared as they deserved 
 
 [11. 355-487. Stasimon I. 
 
 Klytaemnestra goes in, and the chorus sing the first stasimon. 
 
 The general sense is : — 
 
 ' Zeus it is who has cast the inevitable net on Troy ; the late but sure 
 vengeance on Paris.' (Introductory anapaests 355-366.) 
 
 Str. a. (367-384). • 'Tis the stroke of Zeus ; the impious deny the in- 
 terference of the gods, but it has been shown here in punishing the 
 proud and over-wealthy. Moderate wealth is better; riches cannot 
 protect the uhjust. 
 
 Ajit. a'. (385-401). 'The wicked man is lured to his ruin by De- 
 lusion; and then his true black heart appears; the wicked pursues 
 vanity, like a child a bird ; his prayers are vain. Such was Paris. 
 
 Str. /3'. (402-419). 'The Faithless one left her home, leaving War 
 to her kin, bringing Ruin to Troy. The seers sang Woe ! Woe ! the 
 scorned lord is silent and stricken ; in dreams he sees the lost one ; his 
 joy is departed. 
 
 Ant. &'. (420-435). 'Sorrowful visions haunt him, fleeting and 
 mocking ; the people are filled with mourning for those who go forth, 
 but naught returns save ashes in the urn. 
 
 Str. 7'. (436-455). ' War the cruel arbiter sends back from Ilion 
 dust for men ; the people praise the dead and curse their rulers ; the 
 conquerors hold their graves only. 
 
 Ant, 7'. (456-474). *£Jrievous the wrath of the city ; I forbode some 
 
 ■ffii 
 
 • 
 
 evil. The gous forget not, the unjust are laid low, and none can aid. 
 'Tis best to be neither cruel conqueror nor wretched captive. 
 
 Epod. (475-487). ' The beacons glad tidings spread ; but who knows 
 whether it is true, or a delusion ? Women are too credulous; their joyful 
 news turns out often short-lived joy.'] 
 
 1, 356. KTcdrcipa (Epic form, fern, of «T€-aT^/>, from ^rd-o/iai), 
 * winner.' 
 
 1- 357- ^"^^ irvpyois, Epic use of dat. after verb of motion, cp. /SoAX^- 
 Hiva rrporl yai-iy for yaiav (II. 22. 64^ VTjvalv em yXa<pvprjai y((jj}A€$a for 
 pTja^ II. 22. 393. See 60. 
 
 1. 358. oTfyavov, 'close drawn,* from ari-foj, 'to cover,' and is used 
 often of that which keeps out (like hair which keeps off wet, armour 
 against arrows, shed against rain, etc.) or, as here, keeps in. 
 US for ware. Epic ttsage common in poets. 
 
 !• 359* K-V **^v '' oSj' is used in second half of alternatives often : ffre 
 .. ilr ovv Soph. Phil. 345, ovrt .. otr ovv O. T. 90, fxT]T€ .. tirjT' oZv .. 
 id. 271. virepTeXeo-at, 'to overleap,' cp. vircpTcXrjt, 386. 
 
 1. 360. • The mighty snare of slavery, destruction sweeping all away,' 
 the capture bringing ruin on all. Eng. supposes jxtya SovXcCas a gloss, 
 as it wants a vaguer word to include deatfi as well as slavery^ which finj 
 iravdXuTOs does. But the poet is here thinking of the capture chiefly, 
 the sack, and the slavery, and the misery. 
 
 1. 362. al8o\}p,at, • venerate,' more choice and forcible word for ' pray.* 
 
 !• S^S* *""■' 'AX€|dv5p<p, 'against Paris ;' for dative compare 357. 
 
 1. 364. * That so neither before the time nor beyond the stars the 
 bolt might vainly fall,' i. e. that the vengeance might duly fall, and at 
 the due time, and with due effect, irpo Kaipov is usually taken ' short of 
 the mark,' which makes a good antithesis with xrn\p aarpojv ; but though 
 Kaipoi might perhaps be used in this sense (see 786), still the point of the 
 sentence is the long delay of justice, till the time should be ripe. More- 
 over, ' at the proper time and proper place,' is just as good an antithesis 
 as 'neither too short nor too far.' See note on 786. 
 
 1. 365. virtp aoTpwv (perhaps proverbial expression, as Schn.), an 
 obvious hyperbole for ' too far,' ' shot into the sky.' 
 
 Observe oirws av with final opt. crKTui/euv, a Homeric usage not 
 allowed in Attic final sentences. Od, 8. 21 ws «ev ^airjKiaai yh'oiro, 
 24. 334 6(pp' &.V i\oifX7]v bwpa. In Attic the dv would be dispensed with. 
 That the sentence is final is clear both from the sense and from the /xri. 
 
 1. 367. Lit. 'they have the blow of Zeus to tell of/ i.e. "tis the 
 stroke of Zeus, they know it.' 
 
 1. 368. Trdpco-Tiv not rraptari (Enger) ; then the line is in metre like 
 367, and in antistrophe 386 we can read irpo^ovKov, which makes better 
 sense. 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 
88 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 as he wiil«r '^tr M?« i ^ 'T'" '' ''"* '^^"'■■"g- * They suffered 
 as he willed The MSS. have the plainly false & Hpa(,, & l^,,,_ 
 
 1. 370. a{tova9a., 'de.gn' (rarely Med., but quite good Greek) 
 ^.W pergonal and active, 'to care for ' = ^„;,.A.f,r9a,. This is rare 
 but IS found: ;„'x«. i,^S,v Soph. Aj. 689, r?. r^ro.!.,. ^.'A.^E ,42' 
 To/i-aSi/tcuj/^^AowiEur. H. F. 773. /« a.i.. r,i. 342, 
 
 rartr^lhh°7ri''"'K'^T'°°'""'=T'"™^'''" P"''' ^"-^ aor. passive, 
 
 1. 372. iraTOie', opt. indef. It is past, because of tfa 
 J; 374-376- The MSS. give W,fa^rm 5' kyyivov, iro\p.-f,rm, 'Apn 
 ^v^ovr,^ f,,,^^ov' t, S,«aia^, which is not a sentence at all and has no 
 
 then something about- too proud warriors;' from which the drift Sn 
 be inferred ' that the proud at last fall.' The ordinary correctionXvC 
 
 r "TV " ^^' ^'^ '^°^" (">^' g°<'' do care) to the Xpringo 
 those who breathe out war insufferably • is very unlikely ; the suS o 
 ^.*avTat ,s wantmg, and dxoX^x^ does not really JaL -insufferably!' 
 but ,n a manner not be ventured.' On the whole I much prefer 
 Hartung's Urivovca rix^ rS,v 'Apr,, etc., quite as near the MSS Ind 
 much better sense; also the article rS. is happy. - We have se^ H 
 paying penalty, the wickedness (r<!A;,a, ' criminal daring ') of those who 
 breathed out war more fiercely (;..rfo.) than was just^' .e. ParTsInd 
 the Trqans have suffered vengeance. Observe Wa with « long • tht 
 IS the Doric quantity, and is common in Pindar. ^ ' 
 
 1.377- "(i^'ovTuv, • overflows,' with riches. 
 
 1- 378- fcTTu, - let there be what brings no woe, yet suffices for him 
 
 Tt^^W u *'''^'''- '^° *"' ^^ ^^o i^ ^ell gifted ^ctTf 
 mmd should be content'). The meaning is, -a humble competent suf! 
 ficient, but not entailing trouble, is best.' This is the best sense that can 
 be got out of a difficult and rather doubtful passage 
 
 orH'in*'''- *™''"'y !' "f^ personally, 'I am content,' instead of the 
 ordinary impersonal d,«r. -it suffices;' just as U.a.M W^,, S(,^ Z 
 etc (ro<rowo. a,«c. .0, Prom. 6ai is something like it). Schm/s co^' 
 Aax-S-Ti would make an easier constr., but is not necessary ^ 
 
 1 T.' -Xl^"' ?'"■ °f;f '■^■r^ ^^'" '" = <=f- ^^ 'h^ -oB&y, etc. 
 \l T " "° ^^^^""^ '" "^^'"> '° a °>an who insolently 
 
 spurns the great altar of Justice out of sight.' ,pis Kipov, 1 ke "2 
 0iay ^po, oM. etc., adverbially. (Others, as Eng., Schn H tTkl 
 «s a.»iv«av w th l,aX£.s. -protection against destfuction •' bul' t i! 
 too far off ; and cu^d^m is not a good word ; and ci. is the wrong pre! 
 position. Pal. formerly so took it, but now takes it as above ) 
 
 1. 385- P'Stoi, -forces Jiim on.' The sense is, 'the wicked man is 
 
 NOTES, LINES 369-411. 
 
 89 
 
 led on by Temptation (irfi^cO), which is sent him by the Ruin or Curse he 
 has roused, which plots his destruction.' 
 
 1. 386. Read with Hartung -rrpopovAov trais a^. ar., * the fatal 
 child of scheming Ruin,' instead of the MSS. 7rpo0ov\6rrats, a very 
 •unlikely compound in that sense; it would mean 'with scheming 
 children/ and would in any case be adj. D. quotes alvonaTrjp Cho. 315 ; 
 but that zs adj., and so is no parallel. [Others, as Karst., Dav., K., read 
 -npo^ovXos, which is ingenious and simple, but hardly so effective.] 
 
 1. 387. 'The evil is not hidden; but shines, a baleful glare.' Tbe 
 evil being his wickedness. The sentence is a little harsh, and perhaps 
 there is some corruption. 
 
 1. 391. 'By rubbing and by blows * of the touchstone to try the metal ; 
 he is found ' black smutched ' like bad copper (instead of being bright 
 like gold) when tested, BiKauoOeCs, a bold use of the word. 
 
 1. 394. I.e. 'he is as a boy chasing a winged bird.' Paris, in his 
 vain expectation of success in his crime, is like a boy chasing a bird, a 
 proverb for vanity. The omission of * as ' is both Lat. and Greek 
 usage in comparisons. 
 
 1- 395- -Tpoo-TpCu^a, not 'brand* (L.S.),but 'an infliction,' 'a woe;' 
 we have irpoaTpi^nv used with ^rj[xia Prom. 329, irKijyas Ar. Eq. 5, 
 avficpopdv Dem. 786. 6. 
 
 1. 397. Tciv, demonstrative, 'these things ;* an Epic usage. This cor- 
 rection of MSS. Tcuvdc is Klausen's, to suit war dirapKdv in 379, which 
 is better rhythm. 
 
 cirt(rrpo4>ov, 'conversant with,' a Homeric word: Mffrpocftos ^v 
 dvOpomojv Od. i. 177. 
 
 1. 398. KaOaipei, sc. 6 Oios, easily understood from ovrt? Biiuv. Cf. 
 the well-known passage in Hor. Sat. 1. 1. i, ' Qui fit Maecenas ut nemo 
 . . contentus vivat, laudet diversa sequentes ?' i. e. omnes laudent. 
 
 1. 405. ' The din of shield and spear and naval armaments.' MSS. 
 read k\6vovs Xoyxifjiovs n Kai, etc. ; bad position of t(, and not suitable 
 to ndpaai do^ai of antistr. 421. Read with H. t€ Kal kXovovs . . 
 vav^dras 0'. 
 
 1. 406. dvT(<|>€pvov, 'in place of dowry;' Aesch. is fond of these 
 strange compounds, where the avri govertts (so to speak) the subst. with 
 which it is compounded, avrrivaip 443, dvuirais Eum. 38, dvTibovXos 
 Cho. 135, dvTiKiVTpov Eum. 131. 
 
 1. 409. 'The seers of the house,' taken by some of Greek seers wail- 
 ing, by others of the Trojan seers warning. It reads more like the 
 former ; but perhaps refers to a story in the Kvirpia of the prophecies of 
 Helenos and Kassandra about Paris' marriage. 
 
 1. 411. <rrCpok (|>iX(ivop€s, lit. 'husband-loving tracks,' i.e. 'print of 
 her loving form,' ' loving ' as she was once ; <l>iKdv<up so used 856, 
 
90 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 I. 412. The MSS. reading is hopeless. I have taken Hermann's, 
 who is followed by Eng., Schn., and is the least violent; it also leaves 
 the metre its cretic character; iSctv irdpeo-Ti then go together. 'Behold 
 the silence, scoraed yet imrebuking, of those so shamefully deserted ;' a 
 very fine picture of Menelaos' misery. The plural atyds of an abstract 
 word is unusual, but may be supported by dxT|vCats 419, jiavtas 1575. 
 
 1. 416. * And the loveliness of fair-limbed statues becomes to him a 
 loathing; he has lost the light of her eyes and all love is departed.' 
 Besides the astonishing beauty of the mere words, there is almost a 
 modern depth and tenderness in the thought. Some have strangely re- 
 ferred ojijidTwv dx^iviats to the * blank eyes ' of the statues ; others take 
 it ' in the loss of his eyes,' i. e. loss sustained by his eyes (subject, gen.) ; 
 but this does not seem so good. 
 
 1. 422. 6p^ (Eng., Dav., K.) is probably right ; it might easily have 
 got corrupted after Sokujv into inf., especially as the sense is, 'for vainly, 
 when one sees in fancy delights, the vision is gone,' etc. Literally, 
 ' when a man sees fancying he sees delights/ 6pdv being easily supplied 
 in thought from 6 pa. 
 
 1. 426. ' On wings that follow the ways of sleep.' Another wonder- 
 ful line. Perhaps hirabova' is right : an easier construction. 
 
 1. 428. There is no need for Hermann's rd 5' kari, which would 
 rather require rb ndv yap in the next line. * The woes in the house, in 
 the hearth, are these, and yet more bitter than these ; but for all who 
 sailed,' etc. (Lit. * on the whole, for those who sailed.') "EkXavos, as 
 adj. with a fem. word, occurs again 1254. 
 
 1. 430. TXTjCTtKdpSios, 'suffering,' by a bold transference applied, not 
 to the afflicted man, but to the affliction. 
 
 1; 435. Notice the beautiful effect in this pathetic line of the implied 
 antithesis to oiSev ; instead of the familiar and loved face comes back 
 the unhiown urn and ashes. 
 
 1. 436. The ' dust in the urn ' suggests a bold figure to the poet. 
 ' War is a gold-merchant dealing in bodies ; he has his balance (holding 
 the scales of fight, a Homeric idea from II. 8. 69, where Zeus weighs 
 fates) ; he sends back 4''nYF^<=i. ' dust,' Trvptadtv and ^apv, durni and 
 /leav^y, like gold-dust, but in another sense; he fills the jar with ashes 
 in place of men.* 
 
 1. 441. Papv, 'grievous,' a pathetic douMe entendre. 
 1. 444. €u9€Tovs, for MSS. ivQkrov ; it is a more natural phrase, and 
 better applied to Xk&ri^. It means 'well-ordered,' and is used by Aesch. 
 of aa.Kos, and dp^vXai elsewhere- If we keep ivOirov, it must mean 
 'easily stored,' and there is no trace of such a usage. Moreover, the 
 order of the words favours the change. 
 1. 449. 8iaC, Epic forn^, restored by Herm. for sake of metre. 
 
 NOTES. LINES 4 1 2-48 1. 
 
 91 
 
 PaiJfii, properly, 'barks;' so, 'mutters,' 'grumbles.' 
 1. 450. xm'.. tpiTfi (Epic tmesis for vtptpini), 'steals over' the citizens. 
 'ArpcCSois is dat. after (pOovepov. 
 
 TTpoSiKos seems to mean properly an 'advocate;' 'champion' will 
 do here. 
 
 1- 455- There is a pathetic irony in icarlxovoa, . . fxovras, words 
 naturally used of conquerors who occupy land. ' Many stalwart heroes 
 possess graves of Trojan earth ; the earth of their foes has covered the 
 possessor.' The Greek custom seems to have allowed burial as well as 
 cremation. Socrates speaks of his body t\ Kawyavav ^ KaropvTTopieyoy 
 (Plat. Phaed. 115 E.). 
 
 L 457. 'Of a public curse it pays the debt,' i.e. 'does the part/ 
 (Eng. translates, 'he pays the debt,' i.e. the hated ruler ; good sense, but 
 such a change of subject is scarcely possible.) 
 
 1. 460. ' My boding thought awaits tidings from the dark :' imagina- 
 tive way of saying, 'I anxiously forebode some hidden mischief, soon to 
 be revealed.' 
 
 1. 464. iraXivTvxet Tpip^ ptov, ' with sad reversal of life's lot.' 
 
 1. 465. €v 8' dtoTTois - - dA.sid, ' he lies among the unseen, with none 
 to aid;' di<TToTs may include any kind of destruction, even death, cp. 
 'Af5j;y. 
 
 1. 466. viTcpKoirws, ' overmuch,' necessary correction for MSS. vntp- 
 k6t<us, ' wrathful ly.' 
 
 1. 470. ooro-ois, ' upon his eyes.' Pal., K. say, ' by the eyes of Zeus ;* 
 surely that would he from the eyes, an oaaSiv. Possibly it is corrupt. 
 
 1. 471. Kpivw, 'I judge best,' used somewhat as hoK€i is. d4>9ovov, 
 'unenvied,' not its usual sense, which is 'plentiful.' 
 
 1.474. P^ov, 'the life,' i.e. of a captive, readily understood from 
 oKovs ; the phrase is varied from its natural form. 
 
 Notice the gradual way in which the chorus hint forebodings of ill 
 against Agamemnon. The triumphant opening leads them to speak of 
 Paris' sin and punishment ; then the sorrow and loss of Menelaos ; that 
 leads to the suffering and slaughter of the Greeks who fought for the 
 Atreidae ; then the murmurings, caused by that, against the kings ; the 
 danger of too great success, especially if wrought by much bloodshed. 
 * The conqueror's lot is not one to be wished any more than that of the 
 conquered.' 
 
 1. 478. MSS. fi Tot Ouov kart piij if/v$os, a possible but very strange 
 position of jatj. There are various emendations, of which I have given 
 Ahrens' as the simplest and best. 
 
 1. 479. <}>pcvu>v KeKO}ip.(vos, ' stricken in mind,' gen. of ref. 
 
 1.481. irvpa>06VTo. 'fired.' The construction is ace. and inf. cott' 
 sectttivcy wivt the usual ^qt% wanting. 
 
 il 
 
92 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 1. 483. "Tis like a woman's temper to welcome joy before the tmlh 
 be known.' alxH-S^' ^" obscure word, taken by most edd. (H., Schn., Eng., 
 Well., etc.) to mean 'rule' here and Cho. 630. But there seems reason 
 for believing, with Blomf. and Pal., that the word means 'spirit,' 
 'temper.' 592 confirms this view. [Hart, suggests aux?.] 
 
 1. 485. Again an obscure passage, the clue to which lies (as Pal. 
 shows) in the proper meaning of iTrivl\iui, 'to graze flocks over the 
 border.' 'Too credulous, the bounds of her belief suffer a swift en- 
 croachment; but by swift fate perishes the rumour spread by her 
 tongue,' i.e. she believes too readily, and her false reports are soon 
 exposed. The assonance of raxviropos, raxv^iopos, is of course inten- 
 tional, to point the rebuke. 
 
 1. 488. These lines are given to Klytaemnestra in MSS, They clearly 
 belong to the chorus and are always printed so now. 
 
 [11. 488-680. Scene II. 
 
 The herald is now seen coming on the left side of the stage cro^uned 
 with olive. The leader of the chorus speaks from the Thymele. ' Now 
 we shall know all.' The herald prays to all the gods ; then describes 
 the sufferings before Troy. Klytaemnestra comes forward, and sends a 
 welcome to her coming lord. The chorus ask news of Menelaos : the 
 herald tells the story of the storm which scattered the fleet. Still 
 Menelaos may come.] 
 
 1. 490. irapaXXaYds, * changes,' i. e. * successions.' 
 
 I. 494. Kda-is irqXov |vvovpos. Observe the quaint and almost 
 grotesque expression ' thirsty dust, neighbour brother of the clay.' Schn. 
 sees in this speech a parody of Klytaemnestra's picturesque style ; but 
 there is no need to invent such refinements. Aeschylus' style, when 
 applied to homely things, is liable to border on the grotesque. 
 
 II. 496-7. Means simply that the tidings will be conveyed by voice, 
 no longer by fire. <roi is rather a strange Ethic dative, as the chorus 
 are not exactly addressing anyone, ' lighting thee the flame of wood ;' 
 Herm. suspects it. 
 
 1. 498. * Either he will utter joy,' — or the reverse, he means ; but stops 
 short (aposiopesis) to avoid ill omen. 
 
 1. 500. ' To good already come may good be added ' (lit. ' may ad- 
 dition be well'). 
 
 1. 501. The want of a connection is so strange that several editors 
 suggest Ta5' oan^. Those who give 488 to Klyt. give this to chorus. 
 
 1. 504. <|)€Y'Y€i €Tovs, merely picturesque-poetic for erci, 'tenth-year's 
 light.' Observe that the herald arrives from Troy, announcing the land- 
 ing of Agamenmon, immediately after the beacon fires, on the morning 
 after the capture. Such violations of possibility were held quite allow- 
 able by the licence of dramatic poetry. 
 
 \ 
 
 NOTES, LINES 483-532. 
 
 93 
 
 I. 507. lifpos is usually omitted after /itrixo^, the verb itself (with the 
 partitive gen.) giving the idea sufficiently. 
 
 1. 509- The statues of these gods stood probably on the stage, ac- 
 cording to the custom, in front of the palace. 
 
 1. 510. For Apollo was also the god of Pestilence and had shot his 
 shafts at the Greeks ' for nine days long ; and the pyres of the dead 
 burnt thick,' II. i. 52-3. (jiTjKcTi of course after imperative xa^pc) 
 
 1. 511. -qo-e' (Askew, K., D., Eng.) is the simplest and best reading. 
 H20 became HA0 by an easy corruption, which was then altered to 
 ijA^ej by somebody who knew that it ought to be 2nd pers. but did not 
 know the metre. (H.'s yaO* for ij^icrea is ingenious but unlikely, the 
 phrase is so harsh.) 
 
 1. 513. dYcoviovs, the best sense to give to this disputed word is de- 
 rived from the old Homeric meaning of aywv, 'gathering' (like dyopd). 
 Iliad 15. 428, 16. 500 V€u>v €V dywvi, 24. i \vto b' dydw ; cp. dyuivas 
 eivTfs 835. So dySvtot will be the same as dyopcuoi, 'gods of the 
 gathering,' i.e. of ^e city life, see note on 88. (The Schol. on Horn. 
 24. I expressly says that Aeschylus calls dyopcuoi dyuviot.) 
 
 1. 514. Ttfidopos [rifM- fop-, cp. TTvKojpos, oUovpos, (ppovpo?, etc.], lit. 
 'honour-guarder,' so 'champion,' 'protector.' The meaning 'avenger' 
 was secondary, though naturally following from the primary one. 
 
 1. 5 1 7. 8op6s, gen. of separation, as after words of ' freeing,' ' empty- 
 ing,' etc. ; ' those whom the spear hath spared.* 
 
 1. 519. 'Royal seats,' the marble throne of the king at the door of 
 the palace, where he sat to do justice, or on any state occasion. 
 
 dvTT|Xioi (Ionic form for dvO.), ' sunward-facing,' the statues being 
 placed to look east. 
 
 1. 521. Koo-ficp, 'duly.' Observe three datives of instr., manner, and time. 
 
 1. 524. Kai Yap ovv, 'for indeed it is fitting;' the ovv adds earnest- 
 ness or emphasis. So nal ydp ovv Kiivrjv taov (iraiTiuifmi Soph. Ant. 489, 
 (V ydp ovv K4y€is id. 771, ou ydp ovv atyi^aofMi O. C. 980. 
 
 1. 526. TQ KaT€ipYao-Tai ircSov, 'wherewith the soil has been ploughed 
 up,' a kind of grim irony; 'the mattock of avenging Zeus' having in a 
 terrible sense ' ploughed up' the soil of Troy, (tq, Epic rel. for ^.) 
 
 1. 527. This line is like Pers. 811 and some suspect it. 
 
 1. 532. ' For neither Paris nor the city, sharer of his ruin, can boast that 
 their deeds surpassed their sufferings.' One ovt€ is omitted. So Soph. Phil. 
 771 tKovra fiT/T' dKovra: and Shakespeare has it, 'but my five wits nor 
 my five senses can dissuade one foolish heart from serving thee' Sonn. 141 . 
 <rwT€\T|s means, * one who pays taxes with,' ' is rated with ;' hence 
 many take it to mean simply • city connected with Paris : ' but the idea 
 of ' payment' must have been present to the poet in choosing the word ; 
 so the version given above is better. 
 
 I 
 
 f 
 
 '»:i 
 
 1 1 
 
 nil I * 
 
 W- 
 
94 
 
 AGAMEMNON, 
 
 1. 534. Paris is compared to a man convicted of * theft and plun- 
 der.' If one so convicted refused to pay, the claimant seized pro- 
 perty of his in pledge for his claim ; and the thing seized was ^vo-iov. 
 Helen is here the ^vffiov, which does not therefore mean 'spoil/ as L. S., 
 Pal., though it might be so construed in default of a word to express 
 the associations of pvffiov more precisely. 
 
 1. 536. avT6x0ovov, ' land and all,' 137 ; but the reading is suspect. 
 
 ]' 537- OdfiapTia, rd, dfmpria, 'the penalty for sins/ they have paid 
 twice over. The word is formed like (vayyt\ia, 'reward for good 
 tidings.' (Schol. so takes it.) 
 
 1. 538. Twv d-rro arparov, the common pregnant construction. 
 
 1. 539. Enger's emendation for xaipoj' riOvavai is good ; there is no 
 such word as T(0vavai ; and the syllable which has fallen out is so like 
 the next one : rETE0N. [Karsten's t^ TcOvdvai is also good.] 
 
 1. 542. T€piTV"r)s, pred., *a sweet disease this that ye were affected with.' 
 
 1. 543. I.e. *Tell me, and I shall understand.' 
 
 1. 546. u>s for uare, as often. See 358. 
 
 1. 547. <TTfxxrw, the MSS. reading, is plainly vicious, having come 
 from 545. Hermann's <|)p€vcov is as good as any conjecture, the phrase 
 occuiTing Kg. 1307, Cho. 80. • Whence came this bitter gloom of heart 
 upon thee ?' [Or take (ppaaov with Weil : very simple.] 
 
 1. 550. viJv, 'just now,' as we say. 
 
 TO o-ov, 'thy words,' referring to 539. 'As thou saidst but now, 
 'twere joy to die.' 
 
 1. 552. MSS. read ev Xcgcicv, which Paley retains. But not merely is 
 av required (Paley's instances being all either corrupt or not conditional, 
 see below, 620) ; €u is plainly bad with evnerws, from which indeed it 
 has arisen. 
 
 11- 555-7- * For were I to tell of our troubles and ill lodgment, scant 
 deckways, and hard bivouacs— what hour of the day did we not groan, 
 and [suffer] ?' There is no apodosis to €1 Xey^'-H^''— the break in the con- 
 struction is more effective. 'irapT)5€is is doubtful. It is commonly taken 
 
 • landings,' but trapriKoi means ' to pass along,' and napij^is should mean 
 
 * passages;' probably (as Pal, Br.) on board ship, because it is opposed 
 to rd x^P<^V' The Schol. takes^it so. In the last line Xaxovres is 
 plainly corrupt. Pal. says, 'what did we not receive as our daily por- 
 tion V but Tj^iaros p.cpos cannot surely mean this. We want some word 
 like vdaxovTit or KKaiovrti^. 
 
 1. 558. * And again on land we had still worse to bear.' tci 8* avre 
 X(p<rcp, lit., • and other things again on land.' xh*^(f, dat. local. ; it is 
 prop, adj., • dry,' but in Hom. is always used as subst. without art. ittl 
 Xkpaov^ irpoTi x^P<^ov, iv X'^P<^V' 
 
 1. 562. TvOtyTcs <v0Tipo^ TpCxo, 'matting our locks like beasts.' The 
 
 NOTES, LINES 534-59O. 
 
 95 
 
 masc. nOivr^i is strange ; Schn. suggests he had SfjtBpoi in his head ; he 
 must have meant to include rain, which would be far worse than mere 
 dew. [Perhaps there is some corruption.] 
 
 1. 566. Notice this beautiful line : the poetic feeling for beauty of 
 nature is so rare among the Greeks. ' When on his midday couch wind- 
 less and waveless ocean sank to sleep.' as Conington finely turns it. 
 
 1. 567. Again the construction is effectively broken ; €t Kiyoi has no 
 apodosis. 
 
 1. 568. Toto-i nc'v. The natural antithesis, ' the living,' is practically 
 given 571. 
 
 1. 569. Consecutive constr. again, just as in 15. 
 I. 570. c'v »liif|4,<p Xc'yciv, lit. 'reckon by the pebble;' i.e. 'count up 
 accurately.' 
 
 1-571^ ""JX^s, gen. of reference, common after emotion verbs, nrjviaas 
 <p6vov, ov xoKojeds, dfiffas <pi\ov, eav/xd^oj rtvos, etc. 
 
 1. 572. * Nay, I bid a long farewell to our sufferings.' KaTa|ua is 
 used in a strange sense, flirtiv or kiyeiv being the common word ; but 
 this must be the meaning ; iroXXd xcupctv is always so used. Somewhat 
 similar is d^ia,, ' I hail,' 903. [Perhaps ^vpicpopds (Bl. Dav.) is right.] 
 
 }' 575- 'So that it is fit we (the survivors) should make boast before 
 this beam of the sun.' ws for wart. 
 
 1. 578. 'To the gods of Greece have nailed up these spoils in their 
 shrines a glory for all time.' Notice the double dative, etois recipient, 
 86fiois probably local, dpxaiov, unusually but effectively used for ' to be 
 ancient ' (proleptic), ' lasting ;' no need for Porson's conjecture dpxaiois. 
 
 1. 580. KXtiovTas, ' anyone ' hearing such things ; yourselves and 
 future generations. 
 
 1. 581. Observe /flj.f/z;^ future njiTJorfTai of the older form; in the 
 pure verbs this form is common, as dyopt^iaotuu, dhiciiaopLai, dvidaofuu, 
 d^twarofiai, diraTr/ffofmi, etc. See Veitch, Greek Irregular Verbs. 
 
 1. 584. Lit. 'learning well is ever young for the old;' i.e. 'the old 
 are ever young enough to learn.' cO jAaeciv is really the subj. of^B^. 
 There is therefore no need for Enger's ingenious vovs ytpovaiv, which 
 indeed makes the expression duller. 
 
 [At this point Klytaemnestra advances from the palace by the middle 
 door; the chorus-leader continues with a look towards her.] 
 
 1. 586. <rvv 8i irXovxCfctv i\ii, ' but should gladden me likewise ;' the 
 subject of TrXovTtCuv being surely raOra, 'the tidings;' not Klytaemnestra, 
 as H., nor at, as Pal. 
 
 1. 590. Kai t(s \i fvCirrwy clearly refers to the incredulity of the 
 chorus, 483. How would K. know of this, it is asked, as she was not 
 there? The answer is that the chorus only express the general feeling 
 of the citizens which she can naturally be supposed to learn. 
 
 w 
 
95 
 
 AGAMEMNON, 
 
 1. 593. Observe the imperfect c<|>atv6p,Tiv. ' They strove to show me 
 deluded.' 
 
 1. 594. YwotK€i<p v6fAC|), • with womanly strain.' This may mean only 
 that the women began, but the men {aWos aXKoe^v) joined in ; but per- 
 haps she is still keeping up her satire against the chorus : * like women 
 (as you would say) the whole city joined in the cry.' 
 
 1. 597. Koip.u>VT€s, * lulling to rest,' causing it to bum low and die 
 out : with incense and perhaps wine. 
 
 1. 598. rd p,(io-aci}, * the further tale.* 
 
 1. 599. These lines are full of tragic irony to the audience who know 
 her plot. 
 
 1. 600. It is best to take oirws final. • In order that I may best 
 welcome— (then the parenthesis)— take this message,' etc. If we construe 
 oii(us dpiara together, * as well as I may,' and put a stop at bi^aadai (as 
 H., D., Eng., Schn., etc.), tovt aTrdyyuXov is very abrupt. 
 
 1. 606. eupoi. Observe the terrible irony of this wish, sent as a 
 loving message to Agamemnon. 
 
 1. 607. oiavirep ow cXciirc, * ay, even as he left her.* ovv is used 
 something like English * in short ;' the second phrase being substituted 
 for marriv, as more expressive. Cp. Plat. Prot. ad init. koX ycLp ttoWo. 
 virip kpLOv tlm, Kal ovv Kal dpri dv kKfivov ipxop.ou, ' he said many kind 
 things for me, and in short, I have only just left him.' 
 
 1.612. xa^'^o^ Po-^xis. Perhaps the best way of taking this difficult 
 expression is to suppose a double entendre. *1 know no more of dal- 
 liance or rumour of shame from other man than — how to dip the brass ;' 
 i.e. than I do of the manufacture of tempered swords, clearly not a 
 woman's province. But in her heart she knows well ' how to dip the 
 brass' in Agamemnon's blood, and means to do it. 
 
 I. 613. Tfis dXT]0€Cas Y«V"v is effective, considering the cynical false- 
 ness of Klytaemnestra's speech. 
 
 II. 615, 16. A difficult couplet, ropoicriv €pjjnjv€i)<nv can be taken 
 (dat. inst.) with pavedvovri or with (virpiirws. The latter is perhaps 
 most likely, as kpfxrjvfvs is naturally a person, and the instrumental use 
 unlikely. 'Thus hath she spoken to thy listening ears her word— to 
 clear interpreters fair seeming ;' a very delicate way of hinting that she 
 has said rather too much of her own virtues. 
 
 1. 617. irevOojAai, other form of Trvvddvopiai. Similar pairs are X^ttoj 
 Xifindvo), (pfvyo) <pvyydv(u, X^Ooj Xav6dv(o. 
 
 1. 620. • I could not tell false tidings to seem fair ;' KaXd being pre- 
 dicative, oirws XegaijAi is the remote deliberative optative; see Ap- 
 pendix I. 
 
 1.621. 'For friends to reap delight therefrom for long;' i.e. the 
 pleasure of good news if ^Ise is shortlived. Kop7ro{)<r6at, epexegetic inf. 
 
 NOTES, LINES 593-650. 
 
 97 
 
 ► 
 
 1. 622. The chorus reply, imitating the form of the herald's sen- 
 tence : * Would that then thou couldst speak truth to seem good ;' KcSvd 
 being predicative, like /eaXd. So Klaus., Ken. [It is usually taken (e.g. 
 Herm., Eng., Schn., etc.), * How then couldst thou, speaking good news, 
 chance to speak truth?" understanding dv^ again. This is possible, 
 but not so neat as the other.] 
 
 1. 626. 'Setting sail in sight of all' (did he perish?); i.e. was he 
 parted from you by his own act or by a storm ? 
 
 1. 630. The important words are Jwvtos ^ t€0vtik6tos, which are 
 predicative. * Did rumour speak of him as alive or dead V is the sense. 
 auTov, obj. gen. after (pans ; see 1367. 
 
 1. 635. * How rose, how sank the storm ?* Mors. 
 
 1. 637. xwpis T| Tijii^ 0«wv, 'the honours of the gods are apart (from 
 evil tidings) ;' i.e. ' it beseems not the service of the gods.' He goes on 
 to explain that if news of disaster were brought, instead of triumph, 
 then a paean to the Erinyes (as opp. to 0(oi) would be the right thing ; 
 as the news is good, and there is thanksgiving, it must not be spoiled. 
 
 I. 640. Tvxeiv is perhaps best taken as epexegetic inf. ; and then (Xkos 
 and TroXXovi are both accusatives in apposition to irfifuiTa 638. Other- 
 wise tXKos Tvxuv is ace. inf., and then we have the awkwardness of the 
 construction being changed to participle in 641. The sense is, 'to the 
 citjf one woe, the public loss, to suffer, and many men,^ etc. ; i. e. the 
 public loss and the private sufferings, [tvxov, H, : neat but needless.] 
 
 1.641. i^ayiaBivras, an expressive word; 'victims cast out,' 'cast 
 out and consecrate to death.' Afors, 
 
 II. 642, 3. ' With the two-thonged scourge, that Ares loves, a double- 
 pointed curse, a bloody pair ;' imaginative and high sounding phrases 
 for the twofold suffering to state and individual already given 640. 
 
 Notice TT|v, Epic relative. The accusatives in 643 are best taken 
 as in agreement (by a kind of natural attraction or loose apposition) with 
 the relative ri/v. 
 
 1. 644. ftcvToi, • indeed,' ''tis true ;* 'with such woes indeed laden one 
 should sing this paean of the Furies.' fxivroi concessive, as often. 
 
 1. 645. t6v8€, i. e. such a one as suits these woes. 
 
 1. 648. Again the construction broken ; he springs from the general 
 statement (which expects irm irpivu tovtov avftfu^ai ; or something of 
 the kind) to the first person. 
 
 1. 649. Taking the corrected reading 'Axatots . . Btdv. Construe : 
 • storm sent by wrathful gods upon the Achaioi.' For dprjviTov OtSm 
 see 311. 
 
 1.650. Paley aptly quotes Milton, Par. Reg. 4. 412 'Water with 
 fire in ruin reconciled ;' and Schn. no less aptly Shakesp. Troilus and 
 Cressida, 2. 2 'The winds and waves, old wranglers, took a truce.' 
 
 H 
 
 I 
 
98 
 
 AGAMEMNON, 
 
 1. 651. tA irCo-T' «8€«|arriv, ' proved their bond.' 
 
 1- 653. Some put the stop at vvktC ; but it is better as it is. 
 
 1. 654. ©p-QKuii, 'north winds;' cp. 192. 
 
 1. 656. * With violent storm and splash of beating rain.' Only in 
 Epic style he couples the dat. of circumstances {x^iixSjvi) to the dat. 
 after avv. The cases really describe the same relation, the preposition 
 only making it more precise. Some propose to take tv4>w as gen. after 
 ^(iAt; ; but it is better and simpler to take it, as above, with x^'/^wi/t. 
 
 1. 657. ' With the whirling gust of the evil shepherd ;' a sudden bold 
 metaphor flashing out in Aeschylus* style. The hurricane is ' an evil 
 shepherd ;' the fleet are his sheep which he drives hither and thither to 
 their ruin. 
 
 1. 659. dvGoOv vcKpois, ' flowering with dead,* another audacious 
 metaphor ; though avOio) is more familiarly used in Greek metaphori- 
 cally than ' flower ' with us. 
 
 1. 661. Y^ H'*v S^» ' however ;' 76 yL-fjv, y€ filvroi, yt filv 817, all used in 
 this corrective or qualifying sense. Soph. Tr. 484 ivei 76 /x(v 5rl iravr' 
 iviffTaam. aK-qpaTov o-Kd<(>os, best taken as apposition ; not as Pal., 
 ' unharmed in hull.' 
 
 1. 662, 'Stole us away or begged us off' from destruction; a bold 
 but quite characteristic phrase, requiring no emendation. 
 
 1. 664. Paley prosaically thinks that this splendidly imaginative line 
 describes an electric phenomenon ! * And on the bark sat Fortune the 
 saviour, a willing passenger.' 
 
 1. 665. US for U(TT€. 
 
 KVfjiaTos JaXtjv €X€iv, * wave-tossed f the subject is ^nds, or * the 
 ship,' readily understood from 661. 
 
 1. 666. €|oKeiXai, intr. * run aground.' 
 
 1. 669. €povKoXovp,€v, a metaphor quite different from, but as strange 
 and picturesque as, the English 'brooded over.' So Pov/coXovfifvo^ 
 ir6vov, Eumen. 78. 
 
 1. 670. o-iro8ovp.€vov, lit. 'dusted;' i.e. 'beaten,' 'buffeted.' 
 
 1. 672. Tt |iT), ' why should they not?' the verb understood being the 
 deliberative subjunctive, as ^117 shows. This is possible, though the 
 phrase is unusual [it occurs Soph. Aj. 668], but perhaps ri n-qv is right. 
 
 1, 674. yap ovv, justifying his good wish : ' May it turn out well ; 
 [and I mean it"!, for indeed Menelaos you may expect, first and most 
 of all.' See 524. 
 
 1. 676. S' otiv, 'anyhow ;' hastening to practical conclusion, of 34. 
 lo-TOpct, 'finds.' The word is from fih-, and properly means, 'to get know- 
 ledge,' hence is used (like -nvvO&vonat) to mean both inquire and learn. 
 
 [After 680 the Herald goes off, and the Second Scene ends. 
 
 The Chorus then sing fhe Second Stasimon, as follows : — 
 
 NOTES, LINES 651-695. 
 
 99 
 
 Sir. a. (681-698). ' Who was it so fitly named Helena, the IXf-vaCs? 
 forth she sailed, with the armed huntsmen after her, to Simois* shores. 
 Ant. a'. (699-716). The marriage-/f^5o? (bond) proved indeed a «^5os 
 (care) ; Zeus exacted after- vengeance from those who triumphantly sang 
 the marriage song, changing the note to bitter wailing. 
 
 Str. $'. (717-725). 'As a man rears a lion's whelp, gentle and a play- 
 thing at first; Ant. 0'. (726-735) but soon its savage temper show's, 
 and it ravages the flocks, filling the house with blood ; so {Str. 7'. 737) 
 Helena came, fair and lovely, to Troy ; but she proved a curse. 
 
 Ant. y. (750-762). 'The old saying makes sorrow bom of pros- 
 perity ; this I do not hold with ; it is impiety, not wealth, that begets 
 evil offspring. 
 
 Str. 5'. Ant. 5'. (736-781). 'The old wickedness brings forth new 
 wickedness when the appointed day comes, and fatal daring. But 
 justice burns brightly in the cottage, flying from the guilty palace ; she 
 guides all to the goal.' 
 
 For the bearing of the Chorus on the drama, see Introduction, p xviii.] 
 
 1. 684. }i.T| Tis. * Was it some one ?' (iT|, interrogative ; originally, no 
 doubt, banishing the thought {nrj not ov). ' Surely not one who ...!') 
 
 1. 685. ev Tvx<ji, *by good hap,' it was a chance name, yet guided by 
 secret foresight (irpovoia) of what was to follow. 
 
 1. 686. SopiYap-Ppov d^4*iv€LKi) 0', ' the sword-won bride, the source 
 of strife.' 
 
 1. 687. The MSS. both give IXevas, which form points the word- 
 play much better than €\(vavi the ordinary reading, if it is a possible form. 
 It may be a Doric form from lAf-i/af-s, as MtveXai is from M.€P€-\af-s 
 (Salmasius, Eng.) ' Ship's hell, Man's hell, City's hell,' says Browning, 
 though the English is stronger than the Greek. To the Gfeek mind 
 there was something mysterious about the suitability of names to fates 
 of men ; it had a deep significance, and was not trivial or accidental. 
 Compare Soph. Aj. 730 ; Theb. 658. 
 
 1. 690. appoTifiuv, ' delicate-costly,' a bold but not unlikely com- 
 pound. [No need to accept Salmasius's ingenious emendation d^poirfjvouv, 
 * delicate- woven :' though Aesch. may have written it.] 
 
 1.692. YCYavTos, 'mighty;' ylyas is redupl. from 7a-, ' grow,' and 
 means, ' the big-grown one,' 'the monster.' 
 
 1. 695. ' The host of shielded huntsmen * are of course the Greek 
 pursuers. 
 
 A^SS. Kar' ixvos irXArav oi^avrov KcXo-dvTcov, which will construe, 
 ' on the track of those who drove ashore on Simois' leafy coast the 
 vanishing oar,' but the emendation nkarav makes the sense so vastly 
 richer and better, * . . . huntsmen on the oarblades* unseen track [not 
 a visible trail like other hunters] of those who,' etc. ; a splendid phrase. 
 
 H 2 
 
 i 
 
 f 
 
 11 
 
lOO 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 1. 699. • Wrath, its end accomplishing, sped to Ilion this marriage- 
 bond, a trouble indeed,' a play on the two meanings of kt\8os. 
 
 I. 700. dTijiwo-iv irpao-0-op.cva, 'exacting requital for the wrong;' 
 rCovras, 'from those who honoured,' the regular construction oivpaa- 
 aeaOai in this sense. Cf. Evpvfiidovra xp^f^^^^fo. iirpd^avro Thuc. 4. 
 
 65. 
 
 1. 705. 'Those who honoured over-much the bridal strain' were 
 the ya/xppoi, or 'marriage kin ' of Helena, i. e. the children of Priam, 
 who sang triumphantly the marriage song, glorying in Paris' deed. 
 cK(t>dT(i>s is a doubtful word, either ' unspeakably,' or better perhaps 
 
 • loudly ' (lit. * outspokenly.') rCovTas, they honoured the violent deed ; 
 they dishonoured hospitality and Zeus protector of friendship. The 
 article is omitted with the participle, as 59. 
 
 1. 706. TOT*, 'at the time,' significantly; afterwards they 'sang an- 
 other tune,' 709. 
 
 1. 707. vjiivaiov is in apposition to fttKos. 
 
 1. 709. ' The note is changed, the city wails with bitter lament.' 
 Literally, * learning a new song of bitter lament (iroXvOpiivov, predicative) 
 the city groans.' 
 
 I. 711. Mr. Verrall, in the Journal of Philology, 9. 140, ingeniously 
 explains aiv-6X€K-Tpov as a play on 'A\(^-av-Spov with inverted syllables, 
 
 * calling Paris (no longer the man-repeller, but) the man of the fatal 
 bridal.' But we can hardly accept this as more than a brilliant guess. 
 It would, no doubt, suit excellently with the temper which dwells on the 
 significance of 'EXiva and k^Sos ; but the real objection is not the play 
 on the words, but the remoteness of the resemblance. 
 
 II. 714-16. Corrupt, but not so as to obscure the sense. iroXtTav 
 of the MSS. must be voXiTdv^ gen. plur., and the first word must be an 
 adv. 'utterly,' or an adj. 'miserable.' I have taken provisionally iro|ji- 
 wopOr) (Seidler., Herm.) iroXvOp-rivov aiwva 8ial iroXiTdv iicXeov aljx' 
 dvaTXacra, * having borne a ruined life of lament for the piteous blood 
 of her sons,' 
 
 Slat (Davies) for sake of metre, instead of 6,fi<f>i ; which might be 
 a gloss on it. 
 
 1. 717. X&OVTOS tviv, 'lion's whelp,* Conington's splendid and certain 
 emendation of Xiovra aivtv, which spoils the sense ; in the strophe the 
 lion is young and a delight, it is only in the antistrophe that it is grown 
 up and become a pest, tvis, old poetic word, from U, ' strength,' mean- 
 ing the ' vigorous young ' thing, occurs Eum. 323, Suppl. 43. 
 
 c6pc\{/cv, habitual aorist, used from Homer down, e. g. kotvKtjv th 
 rvrObv iviax^ H- 22. 494; so the verbs below, €<JX*t dircSci^f, crevf c, 
 icpvpdrj. Construe it by the present, ' rears.' 
 
 1. 718, S6(Lo>s, local (Epic use). 
 
 NOTES, LINES 699 -76a. 
 
 101 
 
 
 &Y<iXaicTOv, 'robbed of his mother's milk,' antithesis to <pik6fxa<TTov, 
 ' desiring the breast.' [Others take d'^dkoHTov oUots, * fed with the 
 same milk as the house' (d-7aA, like (J-Xoxor, d-5cX</)<5s), and Hesych. so 
 explains the word ; but the other sense seems better.] 
 
 1. 720. irpoTcXetois, 65. 
 
 1. 723. MSS. €<rx , intrans. 'lay,' but as ?x<" is only used with adverbs 
 intransitive, probably eant (Homeric frequentative for ^v), which occurs 
 
 Persae 656, is the right reading. ^ 
 
 1. 725. craCvuivYoaTposdvaYKais, 'taught to fawn by its hunger-pangs. 
 
 1*. 728.* iieos (for MSS. (dos), Conington's emendation, aijain improves 
 the sense, and suits the strophe. 
 
 1, 730. MSS. fir)\o<f>6voiaiv drais or aTcufft. The best correction is 
 VinXo4)6voiai <rvv dTais, Ahrens (Eng., Schn.), the syllables -at aw having 
 
 run into -Oiv. , . 
 
 [Other attempts, d-^aicn, dyatai, H., daaiai, Con., eavarotai, K., are 
 
 less suitable] 
 
 ' For, in requital to those who reared him, with fell destruction among 
 
 the flocks he makes a feast unbidden.' 
 
 1. 735. Up-%vs Tis dTas, ' a priest of ruin,' fine imaginative phrase, 
 suggesting thafAr?/, or Destruction, sends the lion to sacrifice to her. 
 
 1. 737. • (So) I should say there came at the first a spirit of windless 
 
 calm,' etc. 
 
 Trap' avrd, ' at first,' opposed to what happened afterwards, irapo- 
 HXivaff' litUpaviv. So Eur. -ndpavra 5' fiaOth var^pov aT(V€i. The point 
 of the comparison is the contrast between the softness and sweetness at 
 first, and the bloody and bitter end. 
 
 Observe the passion and the splendour of these wonderful lines. 
 [Others take -ndpavra, * in like manner.' Kl., K., Eng. So L.S., who 
 however, mistranslate it in Demosthenes, I.e. Moreover Hesych. 
 says 7ro/)ax/)^/ia.] 
 
 1. 745. * Yet turning aside [from the first sweetness and sottnessj 
 she brought to pass a fatal fulfilment of marriage ; she came an evil 
 neighbour, an evil guest, to the sons of Priam, at the bidding of Zeus, 
 god of friendship, a Fury, a woe of brides.' 
 
 1. 750. Observe Y«pwv used as adj., • old.' It is a poetical use from 
 Homer down K:^kpQv adKo^, Od. 22. 184). 
 
 1. 751. ji^Y<iv T€X€<re«vTa SXpov. 'Prosperity when grown to full 
 estate.' Aeschylus is rejecting the old Greek superstition that Pros- 
 perity or Wealth brings woe ; it is not wealth, he says, but always 
 Sin. See Introduction, pp. xiii, xviii. 
 1. 760. |J.«Ta, ' afterwards,' adverbially. 
 
 1. 762. icaXXCirais, 'is blessed in the children,* i.e. is good and 
 prosperous in succeeding generations. 
 
 s^^^^tj^^iagia 
 
102 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 U. 763-771. For the lesser corruptions of the MSS., which have been 
 corrected, see critical notes. The only important corruption is v^apd. 
 <t>aovs h6tov, which is desperate. I have adopted Enger's <t>do9 t6hov 
 as the best sense and least violent change, {ueapd comes from a gloss.) 
 
 [Paley's correction, Pta S' i<t>va€ K6pov, gets a good sense and antithesis 
 to TraAatd niv : but the real antithesis to noKaicL fiiv is given in vcdCovaav 
 v$piv, ziidK6pov is too bold, introducing as it does an altogether new idea.] 
 
 1. 764. 'At this time or at that, whene'er the appointed day of 
 birth arrive.' 
 
 1. 770- To take Opdo-os jieXaCvos \l. dtros together, • the boldness of a 
 black Curse ' (with H., Kl.. Eng., Schn., Weil, etc.,) is very harsh ; it is 
 far better that the two births should be 'Young Violence.' 763, and 
 Qpaaos, ' Recklessness,' ' black curses to the house, like to their parents ' 
 reading uZontvas. ' 
 
 1- 775- To omit /3Cov suits the metre and improves the sense- 
 ' honours the just man.* * 
 
 ^ 1. 776. Td xpv<T6iraorTa 8* ?8€0Xa, ' the gold-bespangled dwellings.' 
 fStXea, a certain and beautiful emendation by Auratus of the meanine- 
 less MSS. taOKd. 
 
 1. 779. 5<7io -rrpoaeVoXc, sc. tded\a, 'she visits the pure dwellings.' 
 wpoat/Mkf, gnomic aor. 717. 
 
 1. 780, irapdoTTjiAov aiv<p> met., as often in Greek, from coining, ♦ with 
 its counterfeit glory ' (lit. 'stamped amiss with praise'). 
 
 I. 781. 'And she guides all to the goal.' 
 
 Ostensibly the meaning of all this reflection (750-781) is that the sin 
 of Paris and Helena has brought the misery on themselves and Troy ; 
 but the underlying meaning to the audience is that the past sins of 
 Agamemnon and his house must bear other sins, and ruin in the end. 
 So there is a terrible sense concealed in irav 8* lirl Tcpjjia vu>\iq., namely] 
 the shadow of the coming tragedy, which is effectively pointed by the 
 entry of t/ie king. 
 
 [Agamemnon now approaches in a triumphal car, with his attendants 
 and prisoners, and in another chariot Kassandra as prisoner; the Chorus 
 address him. 
 
 II. 782-809. 'Conqueror, my king, how shall I fitly address thee? 
 It is easy to profess joy ; show of sympathy in woe or weal is common, 
 where there is no true feeling. Yet, a wise king can detect false flattery. 
 When thou didst go forth we did not think well of thy wisdom ; but 
 now we greet heartily the victors. And thou shalt discern who of the 
 citizens has been true guardian of thy state.'] 
 
 1. 786. 'Neither overshooting nor running short of the due mark 
 of praise,' where the English renders exactly the mixed metaphors of 
 (.tr€pApas (' the bow'), and/uiroKdjjui/as (' with the chariot'), in the Greek. 
 
 NOTES, LINES 763-81I. 
 
 103 
 
 1. 788. TO 80K61V €ivai, ' Seeming to be,' they prefer [to being really]. 
 1! 791. ' While no stab of pain reaches the heart,' i.e. without any 
 
 sincere grief. 
 
 1. 793. 6jioioTrp€iT€is, * in seeming sympathy.' 
 
 1. 794. * Constraining their grave looks ' to a false smile. 
 
 I. 795. TTpopaTOYvwjtwv, ' wise to discern his flock,' an obvious 
 
 metaphor. 
 
 II. 796-8. ' The eyes of no man can escape him, which, as though 
 from a kindly heart, with a watery love are fawning,' i. e. he can discern 
 the 'watery' love with its pretence of good will. vBoptjs. a most 
 
 expressive word. 
 
 1. 801. 'No graceful portrait had I drawn of thee {fxoi, dat. agent 
 
 after pf. pass.), nor as one well wielding,' etc. 
 
 I. 803. MSS. read epdaos €Kovatov, no metre or sense. Some read 
 dKovffiov, 'bringing to dying men courage against their will,' forcing 
 the reluctant and suffering army to persevere. This is surely impossible. 
 Franz ingeniously suggested €k Ovauiv, 'bringing to dying men courage 
 from sacrifices.' ' encouraging the afflicted army by sacrihcing Iphigeneia. 
 This is scarcely more satisfactory ; but provisionally I adopt it. 
 
 II. 805, 6. With the MSS. reading irovos we can only construe, * but 
 now from the depths of a friendly heart (lit. *not from the top of the 
 heart, nor unlovingly ') the toil is welcome to those who have accom- 
 plished it,' which can only mean, ' the army no longer complain ;* 
 but the point is that ' we the citizens have changed our unfavourable 
 opinion ;' so the ordinary reading makes irrelevant sense. Weil suggests 
 -m^oos ( = irvo-fj, Hesych.) and Eng. adopts it ; the sense is then satis- 
 factory : ' but now from the depths of a friendly heart a breeze of good- 
 will is wafted to the victors.' Intrinsically the word is quite possible, 
 it is exactly like ^6os, ^oOs, irX^oy. it\ovs. [Karst. suggests rrdvoy ; but 
 that makes the construction of (ixppuv harsh : ' I am friendly.'] 
 
 I. 808. dKaipws, 'amiss,' a euphemism ; he means of course to hint 
 at the plotting and faithlessness of the queen and her lover. 
 
 [11 810-974. Scene HI. The chariots stop; Klytaemnestra comes 
 out of the palace to welcQpie the king, who speaks from the chariot. 
 First he gives thanks ; speaks to Chorus about false friends ; promises 
 to see well to the state. Klytaemnestra describes her wretchedness 
 while her lord was away, and her joy at seeing him agam ; she then 
 calls her attendants to lay down purple carpeting for him to enter the 
 palace. After some reluctance he agrees, and descends, biddmg her be 
 kind to Kassandra. The queen says she scorns the waste of wealth m 
 comparison with joy at his return, and ends with a cry to Zeus to accom- 
 plish her prayers.'] , , , • ^ t 
 
 1. 811. Tovs cVol ii€TaiTCovs, might mean 'who helped to wm>r me 
 
 I 
 
 ■,^.. .«-i...«.:-^.vi^.>...»Matoir«mMfc— MifjM 
 
104 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 (K.), but it better suits the pride of the speech to take it, ' helpers 
 with me in our return.' 
 
 1.812. <Lv, attracted relative for 5, since rrpdaafaecu has double 
 ace. (700). 
 
 1. 813. StKas . . kXvovt€s, 'not hearing pleadings from the tongue,' 
 but with divine insight and justice. ** 
 
 1. 816. i{;i^«|)ovs I0€VTO, 'voted,' only the word which ought to be 
 a transitive verb governing <peof>ds is expanded at the last moment into 
 the more vivid ^<povs ie^vro. Grammar is sacrificed to picturesqueness. 
 So exactly Soph. EL 709 aravr^s 5* '66' airovs ol ^pa^ijs kA^dovs lirriXav, 
 1. e. stationed them by lot. 
 
 1. 817. The MSS. reading requires no alteration here: * but to the 
 opposite urn hope of the hand came nigh, yet it was not filled,' a quaint 
 and fanciful but quite characteristic way of saying • the other urn ex- 
 pected votes but did not get them.' The two urns (called in Attic 
 KadiOKoi) were one for condemnation, one for acquittal ; ' the bloody 
 vessel ' IS of course the former. This was only one among various 
 methods of balloting at Athens. [Others take x^^P^h less naturally, as 
 gen. after iT\T}povfi4vq}. Paley's x«Aos spoils the sense.] 
 
 1. 818. *The smoke yet plainly shows the captured city:' &XoC<ra 
 attributive, not part of the predicate. 
 
 1. 819. 'Attjs OiifXAat Swat, ' the gusts of Destruction yet live ; and 
 dying with them the ash sends forth rich incense of wealth ' There is 
 no need to alter with Herm. to evrjKai, 'sacrifices;' the strong bold 
 imagery of Aeschylus might easily call the Fire of Troy • the storms of 
 Destruction.' 
 
 1. 823. I adopt Hermann's and Paley's €<|>paSdti€<T0a for the MSS 
 (mappropriate) iwpa^. • We set our wrathful snares close round the 
 city. The same word, (ppdaaw (properly * to hedge in,' or * fence close ' ) 
 is used of a net, 1376. 
 
 1. 824. 'The wild beast of Argos' is the armed troop concealed 
 m the wooden horse. 
 
 1. 826. ' Springing its leap, what time the Pleiads set,' i. e. in early 
 November. The common story that Troy, was taken in spring Ae/- 
 chylus deserts ; probably tradition varied. 
 
 1. 828. atfiaTos, gen. after aSrjv ; cf. satis, c. gen. in Lat. 
 
 1 830 ji^^vTjitai kX^cuv. not ' I remember hearing,' which is flat, but 
 * I heard and remember.' 
 
 1. 833. <t>iXov Tov €{KrvxowT'. *the prosperous friend:' <bikov sub- 
 stantival, as often. 
 
 1. 834. * The poison of illwiU seated at the heart.' icopSiav, ace. after 
 verb of sitting, cf. a^A/ia ^/i«V<wv 184, vavv k<t>€^iro 664. 
 1. 836. av.T6s, displaced to get next to ahrov, a common tend- 
 
 NOTES. LINES 812-87I. 
 
 105 
 
 
 ency; so lir* avrbs avrq, Pr. 921; and similarly upos oXXot' dXXoir 
 
 i^- 276. 
 
 11. 838-40. These words are variously taken according to the punctua- 
 tion. The following seems simplest and most natural. * 1 know and 
 can tell (for well have I learnt) of that ghost of friendship, that phantom 
 of a shade, men seeming to wish me truly well.' I.e. KiroiTTpov, «t8<oXov, 
 BoKovvras, all in apposition, and ace. after \iyoi,,' dv. KaToirTpov, a bold 
 word for ' image ; ' it property means * mirror.' 
 
 1. 841. o^oc «Kwv, so (Odyssey 24. 117) Agamemnon says: 'And it 
 was a full month ere we had sailed all across the wide sea, for scarce 
 could we win to our cause Odysseus' (Butcher and Lang, p. 392). 
 
 1. 842. a«Lpa<|>6pos. 'trace-horse.* who helped the yoke horses (the 
 Atreidae) to draw the chariot. ^ 
 
 1. 843. ' Whether indeed he be dead or living of whom I speak. 
 1. 844. Td dXXa irpos, ' the other things which concern,' the article 
 goes on to the 'np6s. 
 
 1. 845. dYwvas, ' gathering,' see note on 513. 
 1. 848. 5Ttp, best taken neuter and general. 
 
 1. 850. irf,ji' diroarpfii/av v6<rov. Poison's beautiful and convincing 
 emendation of MSS. iriJ/xaTos rp^w v6aoy : which Hermann strangely 
 defends, though rpii/^t is an unnatural word, and vCaov viiiMxros much 
 harsher than itfipua voaov. 
 
 1 852 8«iui<Tojiai, 'I will give greeting;' but the construction is 
 usually transitive, with ace. What he did do when he reached the (xi^ 
 KaOpa and hopLovs €<^e<TTious was very different from thanksgiving ! 
 
 I 856 Observe her cynical shamelessnels ; she adopts the tone of 
 a chaste and modest matron who scarcely likes to speak of her wifely 
 
 love before others. 
 
 1. 857. A deadly double meaning here ; in a terrible sense ' fear was 
 waning ' for her, but to Agamemnon the meaning was natural and simple, 
 • the elders and I have grown familiar in the king's long absence.' 
 
 1. 862. Note the dramatic irony again of Iptijiov in the mouth of 
 
 the adulteress. 
 
 II 864, 5. Order a little loose, but meaning clear; 'and that when one 
 had come with one woe another should bring a worse thereafter, an- 
 nouncing them to the house.' 
 
 1. 867. wx<T6V€T0, rumour ' came pouring in.* 
 
 1 868. Ahrens' x^Tp-riTai is a great improvement on MSS. rirpajrai^ 
 which is dull after rpavpdrwv, ' no network were as full of holes as he ' 
 (Mors.). The cold-blooded phrase suits Klytaemnestra. 
 
 1 871. Certainly interpolated. iroXXT|v dv«eev has got in from 875. 
 and the rest was written by some dull copyist. (H. has an elaborate 
 and astonishing defence of it.) Without the line the sense is, • a second 
 
io6 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 Geryon, with triple body, a triple vest of earth he might have boasted, 
 dying once with each shape.' Geryon, the three-headed (or as here 
 three-bodied, forma tricorporis utnbrae,) monster whose oxen Herakles 
 drove away from Spain. 
 
 I. 872. «iT]vx€i. Xapwv, the MSS. reading is possible, 'he might have 
 boasted it, having received it ;' but Ka^tiv is perhaps more likely. 
 
 1. 875. ' Oft times have others loosed the high-hung halters from my 
 neck, caught violently in the noose.' Others construe, ' seized me by 
 violence and loosed ;' but that would be \r)(peuaT]s, the aa, not \f\7j1x- 
 ixivqs, the state. 
 
 1. 878. * In whom lie the pledges of our love.' Kvpios. *the owner.' 
 • the lord.' MSS. itiaTtvuaraiv ; but TrtaTa)|AdTa)v, the regular word, is 
 surely right. 
 
 1. 880. Strophios, king of Phokis, friend (and according to one story 
 brother-in-law) of Agamemnon, received Orestes, and brought him up 
 with his own son Pylades. The details are given very variously. 
 
 1. 881. d)ji(}>iX€KTa (like Lat. anceps) here means simply 'double;* 
 1585 it means 'disputed:' literally, it is ' spoken both ways,' which covers 
 both meanings. 
 
 1. 884. |3ov\t|v, ♦ the council,' the irpia^os 'Apyeiuv who have helped 
 the queen to rule. 
 
 wo-T€ for w, * as it is men's wont.* 
 
 1. 885. irecrovTa is Agamemnon, whose fall before Troy would have 
 been 'doubly' woeful; to himself, and to his kingdom and family 
 at home. 
 
 1. 886. n€VTOi, confirmative, ' verily,' * assuredly ;' so Plato, Phaed. 
 65 D (pa/xiv ri (Tyai Sitcaiov ; <pafi(v fiivroi v^ Ata, ' assuredly we do.' 
 
 1. 887. €p,oiYc \ikv 8t|, * for myself however,* 661. 
 
 1. 888. KaT€o-|3T)Ka<n (intr. perf.), * are dried up ;' so of the sea, 959. 
 So Hesiod, Op. 588, speaks of ar7€y a^fuvvfievat, 'goats which will not 
 yield milk.' The common use is ' to quench,' of fire, etc.; but probably 
 the earliest meaning was vaguer, suiting both fire and liquids. 
 
 1. 890. * Weeping that the watch-fires lit for thee were ever un- 
 regarded,' i.e. the fires we lit night after night awaiting thee, who 
 never camest. This is better than supposing \afiirTrjpovxicu to refer to 
 beacons of victory, which would give a very strained sense to oltt]- 
 fi(\r]Tovs, viz. ' unlit.' [Enger takes it as above, only reads needlessly 
 Kaiovaa.^ 
 
 1. 892. virai, best taken as governing ^tvcui, ' beneath the light hum 
 of the singing gnat.' \ 
 
 1. 893. 0wt»o-o-ci>, word of obscure origin, usually ' to call, shout, cry.' 
 
 1. 894. ' More woes than th^ time of my sleep,' an abridged (but 
 quite intelligible) expression; ajie means 'more woes than could be 
 
 NOTES. LINES 872-929. 
 
 107 
 
 \ 
 
 suffered in the time I was asleep.' Observe also the picturesque trw€v- 
 80VTOS, the time 'is sleeping with her' that passes while she sleeps. 
 The personifying- instinct perv^ades the language of Aeschylus. Some- 
 what similarly in Soph, xpovos avvojv hihaoKU O. C. 7. & Tpoararuiv 
 Xp6voi Siryyt fx El. 781, and avix<pvros aiwv above, 107. 
 
 1. 896. araGnuiv, in the old Homeric sense, ' stalls,' or ' folds.' 
 1. 897. ' The saviour forestay of the ship,' Br., irpoTovos being the 
 ropes from the top of the mast to the bows, which kept the mast from 
 
 falling back. 
 
 1. 899. KaC has offended many editors, as the other nouns are uncon- 
 nected ; but Kl. and Schn. are no doubt right in saying that it connects 
 896-898, which describes the protection and security afforded by the 
 master, with 899-901, which describes the delight of his unhoped-for 
 return. The transition from one set to the other set is marked by /cat. 
 1. 902. TdvaYKaiov, ' the stress of need.' 
 1.903. d|tw, ' I greet him,' see 572. ■ 
 
 1. 904. * Let none envy me ' my luck ; ' let no (god or man) grudge my 
 joy and triumph at my lord's return ;' she acts the ordinary feelmg of a 
 pious Greek in moments of great delight, which increases the irony of 
 the situation to those who know her purpose, 
 [Here Klytaemnestra kneels to him.] 
 1. 908. TcXos, ' task.' 
 
 1. 912. Observe the splendid irony again of this terrible Ime, 'That 
 justice lead him to a home unlocked for.' 
 
 1. 913. ' All else my care, not overcome by sleep, shall order justly 
 with God's aid, as fated.' «ljiap|x^va, ' being fated,' really causal use of 
 participle. The dark irony is carried through these lines also. They 
 seem to mean, ' We will be careful with God's aid to order things as is 
 fit ;' they do mean, ' What justice and fate require (the murder) 1 will 
 by God's aid accomplish.' 
 
 1. 914. Leda, wife of Tyndareus, visited by Zeus in the form of a 
 
 swan, laid two eggs ; out of one came Helena and Klyt., out of the other 
 
 Castor and Pollux. This was one common form of a variously told tale. 
 
 1. 915. cIkotws governs the datives ; ' as befits my absence.' 
 
 1.920. A contemptuous line; 'pour thy low-grovelling clamour in 
 
 my ears.' Note xajiaiircTts transferred from her to the cry. 
 
 1. 924. €jiol |i«v, ' to me at least;' the antithesis being suppressed. 
 fiiv gets this meaning naturally. 
 1. 925. \iy(o, ' I bid,' as often. 
 
 1. 926. iTo5o4;Ti<rrpu)v, ' foot-rugs * [^a-, ' rub '], contemptuous agam. 
 1. 927. kXuBwv dvT6i, ' fame's voice is loud.' 
 
 1 929 ' Count a man happy when he has ended his life in prosperity,* 
 the well-known Greek thought, cf. Soph. O.T. 1530. The rapidity of 
 
io8 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 Agamemnon's thoughts make the language a little obscure. 'Fame 
 does not require such gauds ; prudence is God's best gift ; no man can 
 be called happy till his death ;' i. e. they are needless, these splendours, 
 and perhaps dangerous ; who knows what may happen even to me ? 
 
 1. 930. MSS. read tl irdvTa 5* <&s irpdaaoifi ay, which is quite possible 
 Greek, but only as a double conditional sentence, where irpdaaoi/x dv is 
 the verb, not only of the protasis to evOaporijs iyw, but also strictly of 
 the apodosis to some other protasis understood. E.g. Dem. Meid. 582 
 fin. €1 ovroi xpVfJtaTo. exovres firf -npooivT dv, if these men would not spend 
 money if they had it; Isocr. Archid. 120 €i 5^ fxrjdus dv d^iwauf ^r)v dtro- 
 aT(povfM€vos TTJs TTttTptSoj, * if uo ouc would care to live if deprived of his 
 country.' And without second protasis expressed, €1 yci] iroirjaair dv 
 rovTo Dem. Phil. i. § 18. So here the MSS. reading means, *if in all 
 things so [not / were to prosper, which is rrpdaaoifn, but] I might prosper ' 
 (* should chance so befal' or something of the kind). Putting it other- 
 wise, fX TTpdaaoifjii means, 'if I were to prosper,' ei -npdaaont dv, ' if I have 
 a chance of prospering,' and this latter makes quite good sense. In fact 
 irpdaffoifjL dv is a variation, not for -npdaaoitii, but for Trpo^cu, less con- 
 fidently expressed. I see therefore no need to take irpdaaoin^v (H., D.), 
 though doubtless this also would make perfectly good sense : ' If so I 
 fared in all things then I need not fear,' if ever} thing were to turn out 
 as this has, my luck would indeed be good. Nor is there any need of 
 Weil's ingenious conjecture eJirov rdd' ws . . . 
 
 1.931. 'Yet order this not counter to my purpose.' Observe aor. 
 imper. with fxtj, contrary to rule ; but readily explained by the order, the 
 verb coming first. Yv<op,t), like yvivvai, can be used for * resolve.' 
 
 1. 932. 'I too, be assured, shall not break my purpose ;' «(*.« is em- 
 phatic as well as yvwfirjv ; as though he said, ' Purpose ! I too have one 
 as well as thou.' 
 
 1- 933- ' Perchance in fear thou mad'st this vow?' Having failed to 
 get him to comply as a favour, she tries a taunt of cowardice, dv of 
 course goes with t^u^w ; she means, ♦ you did vow,' but the conditional 
 form of the sentence (' you may have ^ont' = ' perhaps you did') points 
 the sneer better, with its ironical moderation. So Soph. O. T. 523 ^Xdt 
 rovv€ihos rdx dv, 'perchance this reproach came.' So irapfKonijs dv 12^,2. 
 
 1. 934. The answer is that of a dignified and unyielding king : * If 
 e'er man did, with knowledge I spake my resolve.' tcXos, * the final 
 decision.' Agamemnon replies in effect that it was not a cowardly vow 
 but a deliberate purpose. 
 
 1- 935- tC dv 8oK€i, one of those short phrases like tva ri, where one 
 would not say the verb is understood, but rather that ri stands for the 
 omitted clause. So Plat. Phaedr. 234 C ri aoi (paivtrai 6 A070S; ovx 
 virepfpvws dp^adai (see Riddell, Dig. of Gr. Id. 121), 
 
 NOTES. LINES 930-957, 
 
 109 
 
 ( 
 
 1. 0^8. The very sentiment of the choras, 456. 
 
 1 otg • Who stirs no hatred, is not envied either.' You must risk 
 ^edvoZhe evil envy, if you wish to have (riKos, the desirable envy. So 
 (Menex. 242 A) Socrates, describing Athens after the war, s^ys. ^^^^v lir 
 avr^v '6n,p </,t\cr roU c5 rrpdrrovat npoamyrruv, rrpo^rov ^lIv il^osdnd 
 C^Kov 5^ <pd6vos. Arist. Rhet. 2. 1 1 defines the two, .mu^i^ .anv o Cl^o^ 
 Hal imuKiuv, rb 5€ (pOovetv <pav\ov Kal <pa<>kwv , , t,^, 
 
 1. 040. Agamemnon, already yielding, tries a last appeal to her 
 womanly di^iity. ' A woman should not be contentious ; but she 
 skilfully appeals to his generosity as victor. 'It becomes the fortunate 
 to be vanquished too,' to yield in their turn. 
 
 1 042 ' Dost thou too esteem this victory in the strife ? vtKt|y 
 T^v8€, this victory of which you speak, taking up viKdadat [Goodwin, 
 who has discussed with great subtlety all this passage (Trans. Amer. 
 Phil. Ass.i877),translates/is M.V the kind ofvictory ^ i.e. -^ ''-"f^-. 
 ironically. But Kal «r^ is the really emphatic part, not tt^vSc. and the 
 meaning given above is simpler.] Observe S^pvos, Ionic gen. 
 
 1 Q±x ' Yield : yet the victory grant me willingly ; 1. e. give way. 
 but with good grace. For jvlvrot y*, cf. Dem. Phil. i. § 49 ov l^^vro.l. 
 Id Aia rrfoa^pZa., 'not however by Zeus that his intention is The 
 Le seems to have no caesura ; but t^ivro. is perhaps slightly felt to be 
 a divisible word, being a compound of two particles. 
 \ Q±d.. Viral .. Xvoi, tmesis, 450. 
 
 1 IW * These sandals, slaves beneath ray feet ( J/^rx.) renders the 
 expression veiy aptly. For .rp6.8ovXos, cf. dvri and its use in comp., 
 «ip«» A06 Aesch. uses di/Tt5oi/Xos Frag. 180. . ^ , j 
 
 1*046 The reading of Fa. oi>v raM. (i.e. dp0iM«) makes good 
 seise but the ,i, is then too late in the sentence, since .t means lest ; 
 with Kol T0t<r8«, m is • not,' and its position natural. .,,. . 
 
 4W7«* ("^ed as subst. from adj. aXo„M', ' sea-wrought, ..e. 
 
 ''tT^^^ot^-^r:;:^^^^^^ -ding is z.^o^o^-. 
 
 (Schlu H^™ ; e4.. Schn'). -to waste the house's wealth,' wh.ch she 
 
 "roTc^'ToW, gen. of reference, lit.'as regards these things.' -Thus 
 much for this.' Cf. rov Kaffiyviirov ri <pv^ ; Soph. El. 3|7- 
 
 1 954 '|aCp"ov, the regular word for the choice pnzes '^^"""'J 
 the booty for kings or heroes: Jfa.>ro. Sipwa Eum. 40^, H"^'« 
 
 "'S''-Bu 'since At subdued, to hearken to thee in this.' dKoi«v 
 thfluuntssPakins; sh. then, probably yet sfeaking, escorts Um sMy 
 
 \ 
 
no 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 to the central door: after ^^2 he enters with his train, and she utters her 
 short prayer, 973, 4, then follows him. Kassandra remains seated and 
 silent in the chariot.'] 
 
 1. 959. A fine answer to his scruples : the sea is boundless {Karaa^k- 
 au 888), we can get more purple ; the house is royal and wealthy. 
 
 I. 960. ' The juice ever fresh, precious as silver, of plenteous purple,' 
 very Aeschylean accumulated phrase. Schn. quotes Theopompus (150 
 years later than Aesch.) as saying, 'the sea-purple (among the Kolopho- 
 nians) fetched its weight in silver.' 
 
 1. 961. ^ We have a house, to supply store of these things.' No reason 
 to alter oXko$ of MSS. to oUoi^. t\^\.v, epexegetic. TwvBe, partitive, 
 'some of.' Cf. Ar. Ach. 184 (wtXiyovro tuv KiOcov, *they began to 
 collect stones.' [Perhaps a\is for ava^ (Karst.) is right.] 
 
 1. 964. irpovvexOcvTOs, ' had it been ordered,' to me . . when devising, 
 etc., gen, abs. conditional. 
 
 1. 965. MSS. nTjxavufiivTjs; possible Greek ('when I was devising'), 
 but very unlikely with the other fem. genitives. The dative is the best 
 correction, governed by npovv^xOivros. KojiiaTpa, ' price for thy return.' 
 Lit. • for bringing thee back,' KOfii^w. 
 
 1. 966. iK€T*, gnomic aor. 
 
 I. 967. <TKidv o-€ipCov Kuvos, * shadow against the Scorching Hound,' 
 loose use of the gen. 
 
 o-€ip£ov Kvvos : Seirios was ' the dog of Orion,' constellation near 
 Orion (the brightest star usually being called Seirios) : it rose about 
 mid-July, the hot, unhealthy time of year. Hence Hom. II. 22. 30 says 
 of it KaKov Si T€ ariiw. rirvKTai. Cf. Verg. G. 4. 285 ' rapidus torrens 
 Sirius Indos^ 
 
 II. 968-72. An expansion of two metaphors: 'the return of the 
 master brings as it were warmth in winter and coolness in summer.' 
 
 1. 972. TcXctov, 'the rightful lord,' the man whose will is law in the 
 house, who has the rk\o% or final authority. This suggests to her reAtios 
 Zfvs, in a different sense, ' Zeus the fulfiller.' 
 
 [Agamemnon goes in : she stops and prays with lifted hands!] 
 
 1. 974. Twy-rrcp, Epic for ftiv-mp. 
 
 \Klytaemnestra goes in, and the Third Scene ends. The Chorus 
 sing the Third Stasimon.l 
 
 Strophe 1 (975-86). 'Whence come these obstinate forebodings? 
 My heart is fearful. It is long since they sailed to Troy.' {Ant. 987- 
 1000). 'I have seen them safe-returned ; yet still within comes misgiving; 
 may it be false!' 
 
 Strophe 2 (1001-17). 'In health, disease is near; in prosperity, a 
 hidden reef. But wealth may be saved by timely sacrifice; famine 
 averted by timely harvest.' 
 
 NOTES, LINES 959-IO06. 
 
 Ill 
 
 '^ 
 
 1 
 
 Ant. 2 (1018-34). 'Only blood once spilt no charm can recall ; for 
 did Zeus not slay Asklepios? But for the uncertainty of the future 1 
 should have poured out these misgivings; as it is, I hide them in gloomy 
 
 silence. 
 
 1. 976. Several edd. prefer S^iyixa (Fl.), construing *a spectre,' but 
 there is no evidence of any such meaning, and S€t>a (Fa.) is more im- 
 pressive and natural, trpoara-nipiov, ' stationed before,' describes the 
 haunting of the misgiving. ' why flits thus obstinately this fear, haunting 
 
 my heart prophetic ? ' , ^ . „j. 
 
 1. 979. Notice the imaginative language: the fear is now caUed a 
 
 prophetic song.' j , • ii»t: 
 
 1. 980. ov5' diroiTTtxrat is much the easiest readmg, and being a MJ5. 
 
 reading, should be preferred to conjecture dnoirrvaav. ' Nor to spurn it 
 
 away like dark dreams does ready confidence sit at my heart's dear 
 
 throne;' the inf. depending on edpaos. 
 
 1 083 The reading of MS. Farnese, with alteration of ivv€,i$o\ois 
 
 (unkno'wn v^rd) to ^w^^L^okai^, will construe: 'Time has grown old 
 
 since the cables were fastened (on the fastenings of the cables) of the 
 
 vessel on the sand.' But there is probably some conuption : im is odd, 
 
 so is (Tvvfu^oXaTs, so is d^dray sing. 
 
 1. 990. The 'dirge,' or eprjvos, was sung with only flute, no lyre, bo 
 
 Eum. 331 vfivos !£ 'Epivvuv dtpopniKTOs. 
 
 1. 992. TO irdv, see Appendix II. . ^ , ,- 
 
 1 995 ' Not vainly bodes my thought, my heart beating with eddies 
 
 against my true prophetic breast ' (or T€X€<r«t>6pots Btvaus. ' with eddies 
 
 of fulfilment '). _, . * v j- 
 
 airXdYXva and Kf'ap are in apposition. The sense is. 'my boding 
 heart is not vain ; my bosom's foresight is true, and will be fuHilled.' 
 
 1 908. I have taken Kennedy's TotaOr for the corrupt tol of Farnese 
 MS as nearer than Hermann's to nav. The Fl. MS. has no metre. The 
 meaning then is, 'But I pray that such things may turn out lies, lar from 
 my expectation, and be not accomplished.' 
 
 1. looi. MSS. are corrupt here: see notes on text. The metre is 
 probably s^- three times repeated : and I have taken Paley's ixdka yi 
 rot I rb A*€7dAas | hyieia^ (only spelling this last word as usual, and 
 supposing -ft- short with Klausen, compare Stikatos, y€pat6s, toIovtos, 
 etc. see 1 256). The sense is, ' Of lusty health at least the bounds are 
 insatiable,' i. e. no man is ever satisfied with the greatest prosperity : 
 {forebodings are therefore just) ' for disease the neighbour presses hard 
 behind the wall.' The words in italics show the connection. 
 
 1 1005. Perhaps a line omitted here, see 1022. 
 
 1. 1006. JirowTcv, gnomic aorist, ' strikes ofttimes a hidden reef ;' so 
 tSu, iit6vTiai below. 
 
iia 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 1. 1008. • And of gathered wealth if fear casts out a part with well- 
 measured throw, — the whole house doth not founder, with sorrow over- 
 laden, nor does it sink the hull.' The construction is broken: okvos 
 ^aXuv is nom. pendens, and the subject is changed. It is true (as K. ob- 
 serves) that oKvtp would set the construction right (' the house if it cast 
 out in fear'). But it is more in Aeschylus' manner to personify fear; 
 and the anacoluthon is of a natural kind. Cf. Soph. O. C. 1150 \6'^os 
 d' Sy hiiiTiiTTojKi . . avix0a\ov yvwfxrjv, ' the tale that has reached my ears, 
 advise me.' 
 
 irpo xp'HH-'^Tcov may go together, * part to save the wealth,' i. e. part 
 to save the whole; but it is better to take irpo .. fiaKuv as tmesis. (Per- 
 haps indeed Enger's irpd fxiv ri is right.) 
 
 1. 1015. * A bounteous gift of plenty from Zeus,' etc. The adjectives 
 accumulated, as often. The connection is abrupt : perhaps roi is 
 corrupt. 
 
 I. 1018. Sense: (a labouring boat may be saved, a famine averted,) 
 
 * but blood once shed is irrevocable.' The terrible words t6 8' cm Yctv, 
 etc., at once raise the thought of the bloody past of the Pelopidae, of 
 the slaughter of Iphigeneia not yet avenged, — and of the coming ven- 
 geance which the chorus suspect and would fain avert. 
 
 II. 1022-24. I have taken Hartung's dirciravcrcv as the nearest to the 
 MSS. avT €nava€, and read it as a question. ' And did not Zeus slay, 
 for a warning, him that was skilled to bring back from the dead ?' Zeus 
 killed Asklepios, son of Apollo, the healer, with lightning for bringing 
 the dead to life. But these lines do not correspond to the strophe ; and 
 either a line is (as I have marked it) there omitted, or here is something 
 superfluous. If the latter, Hermann's reading Zevs Se rov opOoSarj ratv 
 <p0ifi€vaiv av&yttv tiravfffv (omitting avTf, ovS4 and Irr* euA.a/3€ta) is as 
 likely as any other ; but it is perhaps best to leave it. 
 
 1. 1025. * But were it not that one lot by divine decree hinders another 
 from winning overmuch, my heart, outstripping my tongue, had poured 
 out these bodings ;' as it is, I brood in secret. I. e. I take refuge in the 
 thought that sometimes fate interferes with fate (and so there may be 
 an unseen counter-fate to check the evil destiny of Agamemnon's 
 house). 
 
 1. 1026. €K 0€wv with (Ipyt, really repeating more precisely the notion 
 of T€TaYp,cva. The above is substantially Prof. Goodwin's rendering, 
 and it is the clearest sense proposed for these difficult lines. 
 
 1. 1 031. * In grief of soul vnthout a hope to unravel aught profitable 
 'mid the stirrings of my heart.' ToXvirevca is a Homeric metaphor for 
 
 * contrive,' 'accomplish,' lit. to 'wind off wool.' The rapid change of 
 metaphor, from ' winding wool,' to ' stirring fire,' is not unlike the poet, 
 see 786. ^ 
 
 NOTES, LINES IO08-IO53. 
 
 113 
 
 . 
 
 f 
 
 i 
 
 [11. 1035-1071. Scene IV. (first part), FClytaemnestra comes out and 
 sees Kassandra still seated in the chariot. She speaks to her imperiously. 
 
 * Go within, and take your lot humbly ; our royal house will treat you 
 more kindly than others might.' Then, as she gets no answer, she be- 
 comes more impatient, and finally departs.] 
 
 1. 1036. d|iTjviTws, 'graciously;' with cold scorn Klytaemnestra treats 
 the fate of Kassandra as a favour of the gods. 
 
 1. 1037. * A partner in the lustral bowl;' i. e. a member of the house- 
 hold ; for all, even slaves, shared in the household religious rites. 
 
 1. 1038. KTnaCov pu)|iov, ' the altar of Zeus Ktesios,' or guardian of 
 wealth, which included slaves. 
 
 1. 1041. I have kept the reading of Fa. But perhaps the right reading 
 is Fl. emended thus : Soi/Ams \ui{ri^ 0iov, ' the life of slavish fare.' Blomf. 
 
 1. 1042. S* ovv, coming to practical conclusion, *be that as it may,' 
 * anyhow.' Cf 676. * Should this hard lot oppress one,' the opt. gen- 
 eralising the statement by removing it from this case. But the Fain, 
 reading emppiirei may be right. 
 
 1. 1044. ijjtTjo'av KoXu^s, * have reaped good harvest,' i. e. got rich. 
 The general sense is * old-established wealthy houses are kinder to slaves 
 than nouveaux richest It suits Klytaemnestra's royal pride to say so : 
 but the remark savours more of democratic Athens, with her commercial 
 wealth, than the heroic times. 
 
 1. 1046. I. e. * thou hearest how we are wont to deal with slaves.* 
 
 1. 1047. Xt^yovo-a irav€Tai, ' she has spoken.' The chorus can only 
 call Klytaemnestra's speech ' clear,' aa<^^ ; they feel its cold cruelty. 
 
 1. 1048. * Thou art caught within the toils of fate : obey if thou 
 canst, but perhaps thou wilt not.' (iXovo-a, great improvement on 
 MSS. hv ovaa ; av is not wanted in advance, the sentence being only 
 formally conditional.) 
 
 ir€i6oi* &v €1 -irit'eoio is the mildest way possible of advising ; lit. it 
 is 'thou would'st hearken if thou would'st.' So 1394 xoxpon h.v tX 
 xaipoiT\ ' joy if ye will.' The dv is carried on to dirtieoirjs ; so Soph. 
 O. T. 937 ^5oto fjiiv, irus 5' ovk dv ; dax^^^ois 5' taots. So also Ar. Eq. 
 
 1054. 
 
 1. 1050. The ' swallow ' was a recognised simile in Greek for ' foreign 
 speech;' the non-Hellenic languages they despised, and compared to 
 the twittering of birds. So Ar. Ran. 681, when the poet satirises 
 Kleophon for his foreign birth, he says, * on his lips screeches epr/Kia 
 X6At5a ;v.' So Av. 1681. 
 "1. 1052. ' My words must reach her mind and so prevail.' 
 
 1. 1053. Td X^^rra twv itaptar utrtav, * the best as things are.' The 
 chorus are sympathetic, but see the hopelessness of resistance. They 
 treat Kassandra simply as a dazed captive, too timid^o move or speak. 
 
114 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 It makes all the more startling the effect of her possessed cries and pro- 
 phetic visions when she does speak. 
 
 I. 1055. MSS. 0vpaiav rrjvb', which is no sense. Ovpaiav t^Sc (D.) 
 is no use, for the constr. ax^^^ ^/^o* rpi^tiv Ovpaiav, possible in itself, is 
 impossible if 6vpaiai/ comes first. Read OvpaCq. tqB', ' I have no time to 
 loiter here without.' (Some suppose rrivSi = TTivb€ t^i' rpi^iiv, after 
 rpi0€iv : sufficiently improbable.) 
 
 1. 1056. rd \ikv . . }i^ka, article separated from subst., really a usage 
 from Epic poetry, where the article is still a demonstrative or pronoun : 
 •they, the sheep.' Cp. tcl 5' €rr(^xfro Krj\a deoio II. i. 383, 'they came flying, 
 (the) shafts of the god.' So here, • they stand already by the central 
 hearth, the sheep ready for the fiery sacrifice.' The 'central hearth' was 
 the altar of the Ztus (pKitos, or * god of the household enclosure,' the 
 representative family deity : Zrjvds kpicdov (Soph. Antig. 487) means ' the 
 family.' Observe the loose local gen. larias |i.€crop,<|)dXow, vaguely in- 
 dicating the region, again an epic usage, e.g. II. 9. 219 t^€v roixov tov 
 fT€poto, Od. I. 23 caxttTOt dvdpwv, oi fxkv dvaofxevov 'yntpiovost id. 12. 27 
 ij dAos ij liTi yrjs. 
 
 1. 1058. eXiriaao-t, sc. -n^Tv, * for ne'er we hoped,' etc. There is how- 
 ever something to be said for K.'s reading ^fiTv for ^Sj; : iKmaaoi is 
 harsh with no preceding dative. 
 
 1. 1 06 1. <rv 8' avTi ^wvTJs 4>pd5€ KapP<iv<p x«pi. ' then show me with 
 barbarous hand instead of voice ;' the apparent stupidity of such a sug- 
 gestion is removed on the stage by Klytaemnestra's meaning gestures. 
 1. 1064. KttKwv kXvci <|>p€vuv, ' obeys her foolish thoughts.' 
 1. 1067. 'Foam out her spirit in blood,' splendidly continuing the 
 metaphor (begun in xa^*»'o»') of a wild colt. 
 
 1. 1068. * I will not waste more words and be thus scorned.* 
 \^She goes out resentfully. 1 
 
 1. 1071. Kaivurov Ivyhy, 'handsel thy yoke,* i.e. 'by the new servi- 
 tude.' 
 
 [Scene IV. (second part), 11. 1072-1177. Kassandra steps out of the 
 chariot and advances to thefrofit of the stage."] 
 
 In this astonishing scene Aeschylus seems to have touched the limit 
 of what speech can do to excite pity and terror. The cries come forth 
 to Apollo, repeated louder and more wildly as the inspiration grows 
 upon her ; she smells the * rust of murder on the walls ' of the bloody 
 house to which she comes a prisoner, and visions rise, first of the past 
 wickedness, then of the present; and lastly she bewails, in songs of 
 'searching and melting beauty,' her own piteous fate. The chorus 
 sustain the part of the Argive citizen, sympathetic and horror-struck, 
 and finally bewildered and overpowered by her clearer and clearer pro- 
 phecies of the bloody deeds that are imminent. 
 
 NOTES, LINES IO55-IO99, 
 
 
 1.1072. 'Woe, woe, alas! O Earth! O Apollo, Apollo 1' She is 
 looking no doubt at the god's image. 
 
 iroiTot is simply an interjection like irairai, roroT, etc. ; the old 
 scholiastic note which translated it * gods ' is now generally rejected. 
 8d is Doric form of 70 or 7^. 
 1. 1074. oTOTvJw, like <^€i5^cu 1308, alij^oi, olpiu^tu, etc., is a verb 
 formed from an interjection. 
 
 Ao|ias, name of Apollo, as the • utterer ' of oracles, cf. Etiiil. I9 
 Atoj vpo<priTr]s karl Aortas varpos. 
 
 1. 1075. • He is not one to need a mourner' (lit. to have). Apollo is 
 the god of light {(poifiot) and joy and healing (rratav), and has nothing 
 to do with groans and laments, which belong to the Chthonian gods, 
 Hades, and the Furies, etc. 
 
 1. 1079. trpocrfiKovT* (observe the personal construction, like diKOios 
 (Ifu, see 16), * it beseems him not to be at hand in lamentation.' 
 
 1. 1081. dYVtd-njs, collat. form of dyvKvs, 'god of the ways,' a title 
 of Apollo as presiding over the out-door life. There was no doubt a 
 statue in front of the palace, cf. 1072. 
 
 • dirdXXwv, • my destroyer,' see note on 687. Apollo had loved her, 
 and been deceived, and in revenge he made all disbelieve her. See 
 
 1 203 sqq. 
 1. 1082. ov |t6Xis, lit. • not scantily,' i.e.' utterly.' 
 1. 1084. SovXtjf ircp hf <|)p€v£, 'even in a slave's heart,* the strict 
 
 meaning of ircp. ^ ^ 
 
 1. 1 09 1. Read KOKd Kal dprdvas, as the Famese MS. has it (only icai 
 dpr. for Kdpr.) instead of the nom. as the other MSS. read it ; for it is far 
 better to construe awiaropa transitive ; it is the house which avvoibt, not 
 the crimes ; and the nom. of the MSS. is due to not seeing this. For 
 adj. governing ace. cp. evfio^opov <ppiva 103. ' Nay, a god-accursed 
 house, that knoweth many a murder of kindred, and many a strangling ; 
 a human slaughter-house, a dripping floor.' ouTo<t>6vo : for auT(5s, used 
 in compounds for describing murder of kin, compare Soph. Antig. 57. 
 1175 ; Theb. 805 ; inf. 1573. 
 
 •^avTTipios cannot be passive,* saysPaley, objectmg to the MS. read- 
 ing; but it need not be passive; it means 'a dripping' floor, not 'a 
 besprinkled floor.' Perhaps ttcSou ftavr: ' splashing the floor.' (Karst.) 
 
 I. 1096. She sees a vision of the children of Thyestes (father of 
 Aegisthos) whom his brother Atreus (father of Agamemnon) served up 
 to him at a banquet. The quarrel is mentioned below (1583). 
 
 itXtttojiicva <r<t»o7ds, ' bewailing their ovra slaughter.' 
 
 II. 1098-9. The MSS. mostly read ^/i«' at the beginning of both 
 lines, though M. (ace. Hermann) has ^ tiiiv in 1098. This will 
 construe: * Verily we had heard thy prophetic fame, but we seek no 
 
 13 
 
ii6 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 prophets ;' which is very dull sense, and very bad sound. I believe with 
 Weil and Enger that ^/i€v has been erroneously repeated, and has 
 ousted TovTCJv from the second line. The sense is then ♦ we had heard 
 {^liiv ir€TTV(TH€voi) thy prophetic fame; but of these things we seek no 
 prophets;' i.e. it does not require mspiration to teUpast evils. Kassan- 
 dra's vision immediately leaps forward to the future. [If the Med. really 
 reads ij ixijv in 1098, it is a correction to avoid ^ix€y twice; but m 
 Merkel's facsimile edition it is given in both lines as ^/icv.] 
 
 I. 1100. A new vision comes on, of the murder of Agamemnon in 
 his bath, by means of a cloak thrown round him and two blows of a 
 dagger. The murder does not happen till i343 J this is the prophetic 
 
 foresight. 
 
 |i^8€Tai. ' she plots,' Klytaemnestra of course; the audience under- 
 
 stand, but not the chorus. 
 
 1. 1 109. irGs <t>p(i<ra> t4Xos ; the sentence ought to end with KTfvtts ; 
 but it is broken, and these words substituted. 
 
 1. nil. oplYfiara, this neat emendation is no doubt right: the ace. is 
 cognate. * Lit. 'hand after hand reaches forth a-stretch ;' i.e. blow on 
 blow comes. (The MSS. nportivu dpiyofi^va wiU construe 'stretches, 
 reaching forth ;' but Trpordvu is never intrans.) 
 
 1. 1 1 12. The prophecy is clearer; but it has only changed from^ 
 'riddles' without a clue (the vision of line 1096) to a 'dim prophecy' 
 with details but no names (the vision of 1100); so they *do not yet 
 understand.' 
 
 1. II 13. «TrapY«jxoi8, 'dim;' properly of a w/nte film over (cir.. 
 dpy, . . ) the eye, probably cataract. 
 
 1. 1 1 15. ' A net of Death ' is a fine name for the cloak which made 
 him helpless. ' But she is the snare, who shares his bed, who shares the 
 
 deed of blood.' , » . , t 
 
 awaiTCo, • sharing the guilt' with the ^Ucrvov ; of Aegisthos there is 
 no thought yet. [Notice the rare hiatus ri "AtSov. So Soph. Trach. 1 203.] 
 
 1. 1 1 17. aricns, some comm. (Schn., Pal., K.) construe 'a troop,' 
 and suppose it to mean the Furies, alleging noiav 'Epivvv as confirma- 
 tory. It is true that Aesch. does use oraais in this sense, but always 
 with something to make it clear, as r^St ataaa Cho. 114, arLci^ d/xi 
 {^our company') Eum. 311, ffrdats 7ra7/fO(Vos aSc Cho. 458. To use 
 arlxai% absolutely, without article or defining gen., for the 'band of 
 Furies' would be very harsh. ^ 
 
 It is better (with Eng., Kl., D.) to take it as meaning ' Strife per- 
 sonified ; this is quite as Aeschylean a usage (Pr. 200, 1088 ; Pers. 188, 
 715, 738 ; Eum. 977) and the answer -aolav 'EptviJi' quite as appropriate; 
 indeed, being singular, more so. 'Let Strife, insatiable against the 
 Race, raise cry of triumph o'er the stoning-sacrifice.* 
 
 NOTES, LINES IIOO-II37, 
 
 117 
 
 [ 
 
 A 
 
 I 
 
 f 
 
 Still an obscure passage. If K^vffifxov is right, Kassandra must mean : 
 ' Let the people arise and stone the accursed murderers ; let that " Strife ^ 
 which besets the bloodstained family sing triumph over her death. 
 But if so we must suppose that the prophetess' vision as yet only fore- 
 sees Agamemnon's death, not Klytaemnestra's, who died by Orestes 
 hand ; this is reserved for a later vision, 1 280. (XciJat/^os cannot mean 
 
 * deserving stoning,' as Pal., K., L.S., etc.) 
 
 1. II 20. <|>at8pvv€i, ' cheers.' 
 
 1 II 21. A very difficult and corrupt passage. It is best to take 
 Dindorf s naipia for the varied unintelligibilities of the MSS. Translate : 
 
 • To my heart has run the blood-drop saffron-hued (i.e. pale with terror) 
 which at the last hour (lit. at the time appointed, the mortal moment) 
 falls and ends with -the beams of setting life ;' i. e. ' my blood is pale, 
 like a man fainting and failing at the point of death.' The general 
 sense is plain : the chorus are in sudden and deep alann. 
 
 1 1 1 25 The murder now comes upon her in a vision of unspeakable 
 power and terror. ' Behold, behold ! Keep off from his mate the bull I 
 in the robe she has caught him, and smites with the treacherous thrust 
 of her black horn !' lit. ' with blackhomed device.' 
 
 1. 1 1 27. jicXaYK^pcp, though apparently not the reading of any 
 MS (for Prof. Goodwin, who has reexamined M., asserts that the ori- 
 ginal reading was Ai(A<l7/c€/xuK as in most of the others), is yet plainly 
 right; both the accusative alone and the dative ^rjxavrif^rt alone 
 would be very harsh, while fitXayKipoj p-rixavitpan is thoroughly Aeschy- 
 lean. . , , , . -A 
 
 1 1 1 28. K^TOS and X^Ptis, the 'vessel' and 'cauldron are vaned 
 words for the bath, kvtci, for metre's sake, for MSS. tciJx". -nmrcv 
 does not answer to <p6vov of strophe ; and one is possibly corrupt. 
 
 1 1 130 The chorus are more and more uneasy; and in their rest- 
 lessness break out into complaint that prophecy is always terrifying 
 men, and bringing evil. The same complaint was made by Ahab 
 (I Kings 22. 8), and by Agamemnon of Kalchas (II. i. 108). 
 
 1 in^l Hermann alters crT^Ucrai and 0€atrup86v into r^Xcra. and 
 e.<rma,hoi, both needlessly. ariXX.rai, 'is sent forth,' has more meanmg 
 than ;.'XX.Tai, ' comes :' and the phrase ' by woes the wordy arts bring 
 men prophetic terror to learn' is quite Aeschylean. The scomfu 
 phrase for prophecy, iroXvtircts r^xvat. suits their present resentment 
 
 Tin7^^''opo" • • •tr€YX««»'a is the reading of all the MSS., which is a 
 syllable too much. Herm. reads Opou, . . iir^x^a., ' thou speakst of my 
 woe, mingling it with his;' and most edd . follow him. But the diffi- 
 culti is that the chorus had not alluded to Kassandra. The best 
 correction is k^nx^at, given by Prof. Campbell (which had also oc 
 
ii8 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 curred independently to me). It is epexegetic infinitive: 'for my own 
 woe I bewail, to mingle it with his.* 
 
 1. 1138. TJYaYcs (so MSS., no alteration needed), a sudden appeal to 
 Apollo, as in 1087. 
 
 1. 1 141. avras for (Tiavrrjs, not micommon in poetry, as e. g. 1297. 
 
 1. 1 142. v6nov dvojiov, 'a wild tuneless measure.' lovOos is an ob- 
 scure word, but its commonest application is to the nightingale, as here; 
 and such phrases as ^ovdoi avf/xoi, £oved AaAwK, seem to point to its 
 meaning ' clear-voiced.* 
 
 1. 1 145. "Itvs son of Philomela and Tereus; the mother slew him 
 and served him up to his father, in rage at finding a rival in her sister 
 Prokne. The two sisters then fled from Tereus' wrath, and were changed 
 into birds. Philomela as the nightingale never ceases to lament Itys. 
 (Others change the names Prokne and Philomela, making the former 
 mother of Itys.) 
 
 d|x«J>t0aXti KaKots pCov, 'all her life rich only in sorrow;* a beau- 
 tiful expression. The ace. is best taken as ace. of duration. 
 
 1. 1147. ircpipdXov Y<ip, Blomfield's satisfactory correction. *For 
 the gods set round her a feathery form, and a sweet life, without tears.* 
 The difficulty is, how can the sorrow-laden nightingale be said ;o have 
 'a sweet life without tears?' The most ingenious solution is to take 
 (with Eng.) KXavudruv arfp with wtpifidKov, ' they changed her without 
 pain, for me remains the sharp sword.' And this is at first sight 
 tempting. But the order is strained and really the same difficulty re- 
 mams with ykvKvv. The truth no doubt is this : that the chorus say, 
 
 • You are like the nightingale, a ceaseless singer of sad song ;' to which 
 beautiful comparison Kassandra replies in effect : ' Yes, but how unlike 
 in fate ; her song is plaintive, but she has no real sorrow ; she flees on 
 free wings and has nought to mar her sweet life; I am doomed to a 
 cruel death.* 
 
 1. 1 1 50. 'Whence hast thou these inspired throes of vain grief, and 
 framest in song these terrors with ill-omened cry, and likewise with 
 loud-voiced measures ?* op0ioi vojAOt are the sustained lyric songs as 
 opposed to the Svo-4)otos KXayYa or meaningless cries which accom- 
 pany them. 
 
 1. 1 155. • Whence the bounds of thy prophetic path, boding but ill ?* 
 i. e. who guides you on the path of prophecy ? The answer to this 
 comes really 120a. 
 
 1. 1 1 59. TJWT^tiav Tpo<|>ais, ' I throve with nurture.* 
 
 1. 1163. MSS. read ueoyvds avOpwiran/ fjidOoi. The sense is plain: 
 
 * a new bom child could understand ;' and doubtless the first syllable of 
 av-epwvoiv contains the necessary particle ok. I have taken Karsten's 
 guess in default of better. 
 
 NOTES, LINES II38-II78. 
 
 119 
 
 1. 1164. SctKti for 5^7/mTt (H.) to suit antistr. ; though, as 5177/iaTi 
 makes a proper dochmiac, it may be right. 
 
 1. 1165. epevjicvas, i. e. coC, ' when thou wailest aloud o'er thy bitter 
 woe.' The dialectic form dpivnivat for dpioyiivas is Enger's reading to 
 suit OavaTi]<popa of the antistrophe. 
 
 OpaviiaT* is the best supported reading, lit. * shatterings * for me to 
 hear ; i. e. ' it breaks my heart to hear.' Many adopt Oavnar' the read- 
 ing of Fa., but it seems too weak a word for such a climax, and the 
 other is not too bold for Aeschylus. 
 
 1. 1 1 70. *They brought no cure to save the city from suffering as 
 indeed she suffers.* 
 
 dicos, a kind of cogn. after inrjpKiffav: what is now called 'internal' 
 accusative, lit. ' they aided no cure ;' a perfectly natural use. 
 
 1. 1 1 72. MSS. etp/iSvovs rax kpuriZip. H. reads Oiptiov ouy r&x' «" 
 iriZtp, ' shall lay on the ground a hot ear ' ! Others try and construe 
 it as it stands * I thus passionate shall cast myself on the earth ' where 
 the adj. is awkward, the sense unsatisfactory, and /SaXw hardly possible. 
 Various other suggestions have been made, but I believe the best is the 
 one given in the text, which I owe to my friend Mr. T. Miller (writing 
 $(pix^v for Oipixov), ♦ and shall not I let fall a hot drop on the ground.' 
 ara^ does not occur for ' a drop,' but ara-ff^ does, Ap. Rh. 4. 626, which 
 may very likely therefore be an old word, an earlier form of araywy. 
 Schneid. had already suggested it, only he read Btpixoxovv. The word is 
 formed straight from the verb-stem, like f^ {pay-) and irrof {wtok-). 
 Mr. Munro, who has discussed this passage [Phil. Joum. xi.], has 
 pointed out that the dictionaries are probably wrong in giving dfpfxds 
 as ever of two terminations : in that case we should read etptirjv, which 
 I have accordingly done. 
 
 The chorus have expressed sympathy with Cassandra, and surprise 
 and emotion at her wild laments, and she replies : ' Alas for our city's 
 ruin 1 alas for all the sacrifices of my father 1 they could not aid the 
 city : she lies low ; and shall not my blood be shed ? ' [I formerly took 
 it 'and shall not I weepV and the chorus' remarks on her wailing 
 pxwpb, 0p€OH€vai, 1165, and fxfki^uv iradi? yotpd, 1176, make this at least 
 possible : but I rather incline to Mr. Munro's view that * shall not I 
 die ? * makes better sense on the whole.] 
 
 1. 1 1 75. Tierio-i jttXCJciv, • moves thee to sing.' ' makes th?e to sing/ 
 thy piteous deadly woes. 
 
 [11. 1 1 78-1330. Scene IV. (third part). Kassandra's fit of wild 
 visions is past, and she speaks of the past more calmly (1178-1200); 
 then tells the chorus of how Apollo's wrath fell on her (1198-1214); 
 then rising with new inspiration darkly and terribly announces the 
 murder of the king (12 15- 1255). Next follows a marvellous speech, in 
 
120 
 
 AGAMEMNON, 
 
 which she foresees her own death, and strips off her crown ; and pro- 
 ttrnsfoJZdr^'^^^^^^^ She then goes sadly Lo 
 
 1. 1 1 78. Kal jtV. 'and now;' a new mood and resolve have come. 
 Observe how richly and boldly the metaphors and similes come; a 
 bnde, a strong wmd, a hound, a chorus, a revel-rout. 
 
 1. 1 1 80 • But clear and fresh it shall come blowing toward the sun- 
 nse, to dash wave-like to the light a woe far greater than mine ' 
 AajiTTpos IS hard to render; the Greeks called a strong y^ind • bright •' 
 so here m any other language two words are required, one to be 
 antithesis to U KoXvfifidra^u, the other to suit the new metaphor of 
 wind. Cp. \a,xvpos KoX tii-^as naOms Ar. Eq. 430 Ka,inpbs dv.^os Hdt. 
 
 !/J^^* .,*?'^^P°H-"S best with ^LvriKaro{,ar,, 'close following I scent 
 out the trail. ^ 
 
 1. 1 187. <rv,x<|,eoYY05 oiK €{54»(ovos, 'of harshest harmony,' an oxv- 
 moron suggested by xop6^', she means the Furies, ov vdp ^l Acvct 
 a meiosis, ' for its words are not well.' 
 1. 1 188. Kal jiV. graphic, she sees it almost; 'and lo !' (AsforcZ-aTO 
 1. 1190 'A revel-rout of sister Furies, that none can cast out •' 
 Another bold metaphor. 
 
 1. 1192. 'The primal curse' is the first blood- shedding of the bloody 
 race ; see Introduction, p. xii. ^ 
 
 1. 1 193. 8vorji«v€is can be nom. or ace, but it is better nom., being 
 (as Eng. and Schn. observe) a grim allusion to their name f^/i6W5« 
 And m turn they loathe the brother's bed (Thyestes' adultery with 
 Aerope), pitiless to him who defiled it.' 
 
 1. 1 195. ;A babbler, knocking at doors,' a vivid vernacular phrase 
 for a lying impostor' such as she was considered, she tells us 
 
 1. 1 197. H reads rb ^^ dUvai K6^<v, *that not by hearsay do I 
 know; I.e. ;that I know well.' So Pal., K., and others. And Prof 
 Goodwin points out that Ven. has this reading. But the words cannot 
 mean that, without any pronoun to mark the change of subject ; as they 
 stand they must mean 'swear that you do not know.' It is better to 
 fall back on the best supported reading t^ ji' €l8.W, and take X6yv 
 rraXac&s tos:ether (so D., Well.) ; the rhythm is also in favour of it 
 'bear witness to me with an oath, that I know the sins of this house* 
 old in story.' It really is nothing against this int. that \6ya> TroAmd 
 occurs m Soph. O. T. (1395), where they do not go together. 
 
 1. 1 198. 'And how could the noble compact of an oath become a 
 cure? 1. e. what good would an oath do? I read irauivtos as one MS 
 has It. but It IS quite possible the poet wrote iraaijviov, the neuter, though 
 not grammatically right, being due to ir^7/4a . . va-^iy. 
 
 NOTES, LINES II78-1228. 
 
 121 
 
 1. 120T. icvp€iv Xiyovauv, ' tell aright of.' So kfyojv Kvp-qaat^ Supp. 
 587 : and rvyxdvo) 1232. 
 
 1.1205. &ppuv«Tai, ' grows over nice.* Szvan. 
 
 1.1206. iraXatcTTTis, 'a suitor,' lit. *a wrestler;* one of Aesch.'s 
 picturesque and bold words. 
 
 1. 1207. • Came ye to rite of union in due course?' [vo/xy is however 
 odd: perhaps yatx(p, Schom. or ofiov, Butl.] ^ 
 
 1. 121 1, avaros, certain emendation of Canter for the natural MS. 
 corruption dvaKTOf. k6t(j> (instead of the more usual gen. after such 
 adj.), to avoid the awkward sound of two genitives together. 
 
 1. 1 21 2. ws, ' since,' 'after that.' 
 
 1. 1 2 14. yt |i6v 8t|, 661. 
 
 1. 1 21 5. The frenzy comes upon her again 'whirling and distracting* 
 (arpo^il rapdaao3v), as she says. 
 
 1. 1 2 16. The MSS. read i<p7]fxtvovs at the end, which has clearly 
 come from the next line, displacing the word, which is therefore ir- 
 recoverable. Hermann's 8v(r4>poi)iiois is very ingenious, as it supplies a 
 reason for the gap (filled with i<prj(i(vov%), viz. that 5v<x<ppotfiiois was lost 
 through resemblance to <ppoiniois. But it remains a conjecture. 
 
 1. 1 217. The vision of Thyestes' children rises again. 
 
 1. 1 219. w<riT€p6( with the whole sentence, 'Children they seem, 
 slaughtered by their own kin.' 
 
 1. 1222. irpfirovcr' exovTcs, *I see them hold;' compare, for this use 
 oivpi-noj, 241, 389. 
 
 1. 1224. The 'recreant lion wallowing in the couch' is of course 
 Aegisthos. She calls him below ' a wolf,* 1 259. 
 
 1. 1225. 'Guarding the house, ah, me! for my lord returned;* the 
 8€<rir6TTj is dative after olKovpuv, as the order requires ; and the force 
 consists in the irony of the word oUovpS^, which also prompts the cry 
 ot/xoi. Aegisthos 'watched the house,' strangely indeed; dishonouring 
 the queen and plotting with her the murder of the king. 
 
 1. 1226. <j)«p6iv y6,p, etc. is suggested by Scctwot]; I^i^. 
 
 1. 1228. 'Knows not what things the tongue of the vile she-hound, 
 with long-drawn smiling welcome . . . shall accomplish by evil fate.' 
 This is the best sense that can be made out of the text as it stands ; but 
 Ota is a long way off from its verb, and (t>ai8p6vovs is a very strange 
 adjective, and the use of adj. for adv. is harsh with licxfCvao-a : and we 
 can scarcely resist the conviction that the text is corrupt. On the whole 
 Madvig's alteration (following Tyrrwhitt) is the most probable, and is 
 certainly highly ingenious ; he reads : 
 
 *ovK oTdtv oia fXSiaaa pnorrjrTJi kvvos 
 Xfi^affa KOLKTiivaaa <paiSp6v oZs, Uicrjif 
 "Atijs Kadpaiov, drj^trai icaxy Tuxpi 
 
1211 
 
 AGAMEMNON, 
 
 ... * knows not what a tongue of the vile she-hound has licked (his 
 hand) and stretched out a joyful ear, and now like a stealthy curse shall 
 bite him by evil chance.' The violent stretches of language making the 
 tongue (instead of the dog) stretch out a joyful ear and bite, are hardly 
 too strong for Aeschylus. Still they are strong, and dri^trai for T«v£«Tai 
 is a considerable alteration ; so I have not ventured to put the con- 
 jecture into the text. [See Appendix III.] 
 
 1. 1 231. MSS. give Toidde ToXfiq. or roiavra. The reading in the text 
 is the best, as all others leave 6^\vs unconnected. 
 
 1. 1232. Observe the weak ianv in strong place. See on 14. Ka- 
 Xovo-a Tuxoip,' dv, • call aright ;' cp. 1201. 
 
 1. 1233. d|i<t>i<Tpatvav, *a dragon,' or 'basilisk;' it is a fabulous 
 monster that goes either way, perhaps like Sir John Mandeville's snakes 
 with a head at each end. 
 
 1. 1235. 'Raging Dam of Death,' a bold imaginative name which it 
 suits the frenzied mood of Kassandra to use. Ovw is an Epic word, (ppeal 
 ebei II. I. 342, €7x«i Ovu ib. II. 180. For "Apij MSS. read opdv: but 
 aavovlos almost requires "Ap^y, * implacable war.' Perhaps Aesch. used 
 the other form "ApT^i/, which would readily account for the error. "Ap?/? 
 again 151 1, in the sense of family strife. 
 
 1. 1236. 'And how she raised a cry of triumph, the murderess, as in 
 the battle's rout, though seeming to rejoice at his safe return.' This 
 clearly refers to her exaggerated and insincere welcome 896 sqq. 
 8oK€i is present, because it means • they think,' ' the people think ;' the 
 impression was still there. 
 
 1- 1239. Sftoiov, ' I care not ' (lit. • it is the same,' es ist gleicK), 
 
 1. 1243. 5vvi]Ka, ' I understood,' it was past a few moments ago^ 
 ir€<})ptKo, 'I shudder,' the horror still present. 
 
 1. 1 244. dXT)0ws ov8^v «gxiica(rp.cva, * no image but the very truth.' 
 
 1. 1245. fK Spofiou ir€<rcJ>v Tp€x«, 'I run out of the track;' i.e. 'I am 
 astray,' as we say. The racecourse supplies the most frequent metaphors 
 in Greek. So of madness, Pr. 883 l^oi h\ 8p6fjiov <p4pofiai Xvaa-qs vvtvuari : 
 and like this, Cho. £022 warrtp avv t-mrois ^vioaTpo<pw SpofMOv k^uripcj. 
 
 1. 1247. * Peace, wretched woman, from such impious words;' lit. 
 * lull thy mouth to be well omened,' tv<^T\[iov being proleptic. But as 
 silence is the safest way of avoiding ill-omened speech, (ixpTjfXd practi- 
 cally comes to mean ' be silent,' e.g. Ar. Ach. 237 ; Ran. 352. So/avete 
 Unguis in Latin. 
 
 1. 1248. ♦ There is no god of healing for this tidings ; ' fiKprjfua might 
 help, as long as there was hope of divine aid to avert ill; this case is 
 hopeless. 
 
 1. 1249. ciircp lo-Ttti y', 'if it is to be;' (vapfffrai the MS. reading 
 can hardly mean this. The correction is due to Schiitz.) 
 
 NOTES. LINES 123I-1270, 
 
 123 
 
 1' 
 
 1. 1251. *Is this woe brought to pass?' dxos is quite possible, 
 though dfos (Aurat.) is not unlikely. 
 
 1. 1251. MSS. give ij k6.pt* dp' dv rrapfffitSvrjs (with -ci written over). 
 Most edd. read irapfaKoirii^, and many alter ay to av ; Pal., K., rightly 
 retain dv and construe, 'You must have missed the purport of my 
 oracles.* This makes good sense, and may be right. Compare iju^ou dv 
 933. Hartung however suggests ^ ndpra rdpa vap€K6inis, ' Surely thou 
 wentest astray from my oracles.' The emendation is very ingenious, 
 being so near the MSS. (TATAP for TAP), and I have adopted it, merely 
 keeping dv, which improves the sense. ' Surely thou must have gone 
 far astray from my oracles,' iropaKoirTcaOai meaning ' to be deluded ;' 
 lit. • to be knocked aside from.' 
 
 1. 1253. ' The murderer's plot I do not understand;' neither who is 
 to do it, nor how. [Heimsoeth's tovs yap rtkovvras is possible.] 
 
 1. 1254. Kal ji.V» 'and yet,' as often, e.g. Prom. 981 ; Soph. Antig. 
 1054 ; Eur. Ale. 653. The sense is, ' And yet I know the Greek tongue 
 all too well.' The answer in effect is, * The oracles are also Greek, but 
 not the easier to understand.' 
 
 1. 1256. Kassandra has another seizure of the prophetic fire. Observe 
 olov short. See 1001. 
 
 1. 1260. It is best to follow the MSS. here, as Hermann does, only 
 reading €v9T|<r€tv with Fa. instead of kvQijau, clearly altered to suit 
 KT(v€i. KOTtp is a bold metaphor, but there is no need to alter it (with 
 Casaub., D., Eng., etc.) to itot^J. • And like one brewing a drug, she 
 boasts that my recompence too she will mix in her vengeance, whetting 
 her sword against her lord, to pay back blood for that he hath brought 
 me hither.' 
 
 1. 1 263. dvTtTio-aaOau, consec. or epexegetic inf. ' so as to.' 
 
 1. 1267. Hermann's emendation iydh* ip-'l^/o^i, 'and I shall follow 
 soon,' makes good sense : but the correction in the text makes even 
 better, and is nearer the MSS. (ONTAPAen for ONTAen), ' Go to de- 
 struction : and as ye fall, thus will I avenge myself on you ' {as she speaks 
 she throws down the staff and crown and tramples on them). This correc- 
 tion is given by Mr. A. W. Verrall, in his Medea, 1881. [Appendix IV.] 
 
 1. 1 268. • Enrich another with woe instead of me,' a forcible oxymoron. 
 (So reading d-n^s with H. for drtiv, * another curse,* not a very appropri- 
 ate expression.) 
 
 1. 1270. The MSS. reading can be construed, if with H., Eng., Schn., 
 etc., we read p.iya for pitrd, thus : ' and having looked down on me, 
 even in these robes scouted utterly, by friends turned foes, consenting, 
 yet in error: — (then the parenthesis describing how they mocked 
 her] — and now the seer having ruined me, the prophetess has brought 
 me,' etc. We find pard for /icya also in MSS. Choeph. 37. 
 
124 
 
 AGAMEMNON, 
 
 4>iXcov vir' lx^P"v, by her people, who ought to have been friends, 
 but scorned her ; in the old days before the capture. 
 
 ov Sixoppotrus p.Attjv, they all agreed to scout her, and they were 
 all wrong. After the parenthesis the sense is taken up again, and the 
 •deferred verb air-qya'^iv at last comes. The above is substantially 
 Enger's int. and it is the best that can be got without more alteration. 
 
 1. 1273. 'And like a wandering cheat I bore hard names, beggar, 
 and wretch, and starveling.' Others include <f>oiTds among the nick- 
 names ; but the line does not run so well. 
 
 1, 1275. cKirpcilas, 'having destroyed, ruined.* Like K(pavvbs l^c- 
 vpa^€ Soph. O. C. 1659, irws Kai viv i^enpd^aT ; Eur. Hec. 515. [The 
 other sense given, * having made me,' is weaker.] 
 
 1. 1277. i'ni^T\vov, ' a block ' for beheading. So in Ar. Ach. 318. 
 
 1. 1278. KOTT€i<rr]s, 'when I am struck.' The gen. abs. is always 
 possible, and there is no need for Korreiari or Koinlaav. (Schiitz's dfpfiov 
 is neat, and may be right.) 
 
 1. 1279. ov jjiT|v ..-ye (like ov fiivroi . . 75"), 'not however;' Soph. 
 O.T. 810 ov fx^v taijv y triatv. t€0vt||o|ji€v, fut. formed from reOvrjKa, like 
 iaTTj^Q}, ' not unregarded shall I be in death.' 
 
 1. 1283. Kdrciaiv, in its strict sense, 'shall come back' from exile. 
 
 1. 1284. Restored by Hermann to its right place, from being after 
 1 290, where it made no sense. 
 
 1. 1285. ' That his sire's fallen corse shall bring him home,' but a harsh 
 phrase. Schom. proposes ■npd^nv, ' that he shall exact vengeance for.' 
 
 1. 1288. irpdlao-av us cirpa|€v, * faring as it fared,' a euphemism. So 
 Soph. O.T. 1376 PXaarova ottcus €/3\a(rT€, Eur. Hec. 873 'naax^^'''°^ ofa 
 veiaerat. 
 
 I take €iXov, Musgrave's correction, dx^v would mean the Trojans 
 (* who were holding''), eaxov might do, but ct\ov is nearer. 
 
 1. 1289. ovrws diraXXdo-o-ovo-i, ' come to such an end.' 
 
 1. 1290. iovaa irpd^oi, *I shall go to my fate;' irpdaauv seems to 
 mean ' to do what lies before you,' to ' meet what is in store ; ' not an 
 impossible meaning, but the reading is not certain. 
 
 1. 1292. Kaipia, 'mortal,' lit. 'reaching the right place.' 
 
 1. 1297. ovT-qs for atavr^^, as often in Trag., Agam. 1141 ; Eur. Ale. 
 461 ; Soph. O. C. 930; and for kfiavr. id. O.T. 138. 
 
 1. 1300. 'Yet last is first in respect of time,' i. e. *to be last is to be 
 best off in time,' * to lose time is to gain time,' as we might say with a 
 similar epigram. 
 
 11. 1302-4. Taking these lines as they are read in MSS., the sense is — 
 C/iv. Yet know that thou art patient with a brave heart {rK^fxcuv, 
 
 * enduring '). 
 Ka. None that is happy is thus spoken of. 
 
 NOTES, LINES 1273-1324. 
 
 125 
 
 
 Cho. But yet an honourable death is sweet ! 
 The chorus are compassionate and consoling ; Kassandra is resigned 
 but gloomy. The sense is good, and Pal., Con., K., Dav. seem right in 
 keeping it. On the other hand H., following Heath, has inverted the 
 order of the last two lines, and the German edd. have generally followed 
 suit. It makes a good, but quite different sense :— 
 
 Cho. Yet know that bravery brings thee to misery {rKruKuv^ 
 
 ' miserable '). 
 Ka. But yet an honourable death is sweet. 
 Cho. None that is happy hears such consolation ! 
 But on the whole this is less likely ; aKovn ravra is much less appro- 
 priate; (vK\(m Kardaviiv is not what Kass. is thinking of; and her 
 attitude is all through more a miserad/e than a courageous one. 
 
 1. 1305. cukXcws KaT0av€iv reminds her of her kindred, slain before 
 Troy ; and a new burst of grief overpowers her. 
 
 [^She advances to enter the palace ; at the door she starts and stops 
 shorty as though a new horror had struck her.} 
 1. 1308, c<|>cv|as, from <p(v^Q}. 
 
 1. 1 310. t68* ojet, 'this scent comes from,* 'this is the scent of.' 
 T<55€, ace. pron. in apposition to the sentence; literally, ' it smells M/j,' 
 like ^5v o^€(, ' it smells sweet.* 
 
 1. 1312. 'No Syrian perfume for the house is this/ iy\&i<T\ia, lit. 
 ' splendour,' ' luxury.' 
 
 1. 1316. Bvo-oCJw, • I shrink from ;' properly, ' I am uneasy at.' 
 1. 1317. dWws, 'for nought;' my fear is not vain. A necessary 
 correction for the meaningless dXA' a>s of the MSS. 
 
 * Bear witness of this [that my fear is not vain ; that I have pro- 
 phesied truly] to me after my death, when a woman dies for me a 
 woman, and a man falls for this man with evil wife ' (SuaSd^apros gen. 
 of SvaSdfiap). Prophet-fashion she confirms her prophecy with another. 
 The woman is of course Klytaemnestra ; the man Aegisthos. 
 
 1. 1320. |cv6<t>, * to treat as ^ivos:* <in|cvovpxu (middle) ' to claim a 
 friendly service,' lit. ' to call in a friend to yourself for a thing.' The 
 word is usually passive, ' to be friendly entreated.* 
 
 1. 1322. ov 6pT)vov (Hermann's correction) is a quiet and dignified 
 rejection of the chorus' pity ; see 1 330. [The line is however perhaps 
 corrupt : fiijaiv is an unlikely word.] 
 
 1. 1323. Read ^XCov with Karsten ; the dat. has come from the 
 proximity of (iT€vxoiiai, but with irpbi vararov <pws, and the succeeding 
 datives, is unlikely. 
 
 1. 1324. An obscure and probably corrupt passage. Taking the 
 words as they stand, we can give two possible meanings, owing to the 
 intrinsic ambiguity of tCvw ; for the murderer rivu dUrjv when he is 
 
126 
 
 AGAMEMNON, 
 
 slain, • pays the penalty ;* and also the avenger rivti ^Urjv, ' pays back 
 justice' to the guilty. So it may mean (i) *I pray for my avengers to 
 requite my hateful murderers,' (2) • For my hateful murderers to pay 
 the penalty to my avengers.' The order is in favour of (i) ; the com- 
 moner use of Tivo) in favour of (2). But the passage for many reasons 
 must be regarded as corrupt, rots «jtots is needlessly repeated ; the 
 datives are very clumsy ; rivuv wants an object ; and Kassandra could 
 hardly speak of /ler avengers, Aer murderers only. Her real drift seems 
 to be, ' I pray that the avengers (of Agamemnon) may requite the 
 murderers at the same time (dfxov) for mj^ death.' [Karst. proposes 
 f^ov SovKr]s for dfiov, SovKrji : a probable suggestion.] 
 
 1. 1326. cvfxapovs x^i-pt^fJiaTOS, *an easy prey.' 
 
 1. 1328. I take Conington's correction cKi^i tis &v Trpei|;€i«v, 'one 
 might liken them to a sketch.' (Photius says Aesch. used irpfipai for 
 ofioia/aai). CKid, 'an outline,' cf. ffKiaypacpfiv. [Others take (XKid, 'they 
 might seem a sketch ;' but tis and the aorist are rather in favour of the 
 former.] €1 5^ Svarvxv, Epic. subj. with el. 
 
 1. 1329. *The touch of the wet sponge blots out the drawing.' 
 wXco-cv, gnomic aor. 
 
 1. 1330. This line is explained by ov Oprjvov (Irrciv eiKoj (1322) and 
 the chorus' pity ( 1 3 2 1 ) . Kassandra gives a wonderfully imaginative and 
 pathetic sketch of human fortunes ; then adds, * this I count far more 
 pitiable than thaj: ' (which you pity) ; the general sadness is sadder than 
 one hapless lot. 
 
 [SAe goes in sadly to her death."] 
 
 [11. 1331-42. This short chorus fills the interval while Kassandra 
 is going in, till the blows are struck. The drift is, ' All men desire joy 
 without end; even princes never have enough: now if Agamemnon 
 after all his triumph is to die, who can ever hope to be scatheless?'] 
 
 1. 1332. SaKTvXoScCKTcav, 'envied,' i.e. wealthy, royal. Cf. Horace's 
 AIonstraH digito. 
 
 1. 1333. «ipY«''> keeps it off, i. e. -rh €5 ttp^uaaiw, prosperity. 
 
 1- 1334. Perhaps, in view of Cho. 313, rdU is better taken with (^tavwv. 
 
 1. 1339. 'And dying for the dead brings to pass requital for other 
 -deaths,' i.e. dying in revenge for the dead (Iphigeneia) causes a new 
 requital in the deaths of others (Klyt. and Aegisth.). Others take 
 Oav&roiv to mean those whom Ag. has slain, i. e. the same as Oavovai. 
 But the first rendering is much better sense; the chorus are saddened by 
 Kassandra's prophecy (1280 and 1325) of yet other deaths to follow hers 
 and the king's. [Perhaps i-avtrpd^u (Weil) is right for \rtiKpavii.'\ 
 
 1. 1341. • Who could boast to be bom with scatheless fate ?' 
 
 [Scene V. (i343-i447). 
 
 The dying cry of Agamemnon is heard within once and again : the 
 
 NOTES. LINES I326-1371. 
 
 127 
 
 ' 
 
 chorus take counsel in helpless embarrassment : the door of the palace 
 then opens (1371) and the queen is seen with bloody axe standing over 
 the murdered bodies. She glories in the deed and scouts all warnings 
 or threats of the chorus.'] 
 
 1. 1343. lo-M, • within me,' offers no difficulty though K. suspects it. 
 1. 1344. The chorus become a helpless and hesitating mob of elders, 
 each giving his own opinion. For this interlude see Introd., p. xii. 
 
 1. 1347. oXXd Koiv(i)o-tt>)A,c9' Tjv 1TWS d(r4>aX-Q PovXev|jiaT' -q is the best 
 correction, riv is due to Goodwin (Am. Phil. Soc. 1877), ^ to Enger. 
 Hermann's ay -ncus is unlikely ; itok suggests ^k. * But let us confer, if 
 perchance we can find safe counsel.' 
 
 1. 1349. KTjpuo-creiv j3oT|v, 'to proclaim the call,' i.e. to summon to 
 rescue or fight. The /3oi7 was the ' cry ' for help. Cf. ei 0pabvvoifi(v 0o^ 
 Supp. 730; Koi tirroi \aoiai /3o^ 5' wKiara yevoiTO Od. 22. 133 ; the 
 common Homeric ^o^v dyadSs means ' good at calling on ' the men to 
 fight. 
 
 1. 135 1. v€oppvT(p (v short, from fifoj, * new-flowing,' not ^v<u, 'new- 
 drawn '), 'while the sword yet drips,' i. t. flagrante delicto. 
 
 1. 1355. irpA(To-ovT€S, 'devising,' 'preparing.* The sentiment is a 
 curious anachronism. The Argive elders talk of ' tyranny * as if they 
 were members of a free Greek republic. 
 
 1. 1 356. * Spuming the credit of delay,* not caring to be deliberate 
 in action. Observe the sententious incompetence of these elders. 
 
 1' 1359. ''Tis the doer's part also to counsel about (the deed).* 
 Apparently a sententious shuffling off responsibility. ' I had no part in 
 the act, and why should I be troubled to advise ? ' 
 
 1. 1362. 'What, to prolong our lives, shall we yield to the sway of 
 these defilers of the house ? ' pCov t€ivovt6S, ' in trying to lengthen our 
 lives.' TJ-yovjicvots, predicate, * as rulers.' 
 1. 1365. * For 'tis a milder lot than tyranny.' 
 
 1. 1367. 'Shall we divine the man has perished?' The gen. is the 
 Epic gen. of intelligence about a person : one form of the gen. of re- 
 ference. Compare ws yvw xo^oM^^io II. 4. 357, d di Kt rtOvrjuTos 
 dtcovaoj Od. 2. 220. 
 
 1. 1 368. Emphasis on ci86Tas ; knowledge should come before 
 anger. 
 
 1. 1370. iravToOcv irX-qOuvoii-oi. Lit. 'I am multiplied from all sides:* 
 i. e. ' from all sides I find support ' to approve this vote. Somewhat 
 similar, though less strained, is the use Suppl. 604 drjfiov Kparovaa x«Jp 
 owrj vKrjdvvfTcu, ' which way the decisive show of hands prevails.' [L. S. 
 are unsatisfactory on this word.] 
 
 1. 1 371. Observe the attraction KvpoOv©' Sircus for onws Kvpti; the 
 natural constn|ction of fiSivai being with a participle. 
 
izS 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 1. 1372. [Ifere the doors are rolled open by the cKKVKXrifia.] For the 
 imvKkrjtia, or machine for showing the interior, see Arist. Ach. 407. 
 Kcupius, ' to serve the time.' 
 
 1. 1375. MSS. -nrjfxov^v dpKvaraTov, which Paley retains, might mean 
 'a snare-set woe,' i. e. destruction by snares ; and we have dpKvaTaTav 
 (? -ov) fxrjxavdv Eur. Or. 1420, used as adj. But this would require us 
 to explain the optat. as remote deliberative, see 620 and appendix ; and 
 further apKijarara is used as subst. Pers. 98 ; Eum. 112 ; Soph. El. 1426; 
 therefore it seems better to follow Hermann and read irrniovTis apKuo-xar' 
 ov. This would easily become trrifxovTJs dpKvardrav, then tttj/xov^v, then 
 dpKvaTaTov. ' For how (else) could one, devising ill for foes who seem 
 friends, fence the snares of woe too high to leap over?' i.e. how else 
 than by deceit ? ijipos is a kind of cognate ace. describing the result of 
 action (internal ace). 
 
 1. 1378. vciKT]s (necessary correction for vUtf^^ meaningless) troXaiaS' 
 d-ywv, ' this struggle of an ancient feud ; ' the feud was old ; the d-^iuv 
 or crisis was just come, o-vv xpovtp ye jtV» ' though long delayed.' 76 
 /X171/, 661. Literally, ' in course of time however.' 
 
 1. 1 38 1. US for cuffTc. * So that he could neither flee,' etc. 
 
 1. 1383. irAovTov €i}iaTos KaK6v, * fatal splendour of garb ;' it was a 
 large fine-wrought robe. 
 
 1. 1385. |i60-nK€v ovTov KwXo, 'relaxed at once his limbs;' avrov, 
 ' on the spot.' This is the most natural way of taking it. (Others avrov ; 
 weaker. Others ti^BriKtv, intrans., possible.) 
 
 1. 1387. ' A votive gift to Hades Saviour of the dead,' a grim and 
 ghastly piece of irony; 'just as the third libation is paid to Zevs S^-qp 
 (see note on 245) so I paid a third stab to Hades, :Zorrrip of the dead 1' 
 Enger reads l^6s, which would improve rov Kard xdov6i, rather needless 
 with Aidov ; improve the irony ; and is probable, as it would be easily 
 supplanted by the gloss Aidov. But it is safer to follow the MSS. 
 
 1. 1388. ^ 6pjtaiv€i, lit. 'speeds forth,' i. e. 'gasps out his life.' H. 
 reads opvydvu, ' belches out,' which would do, but is not necessary : the 
 root-meaning of opfiaivo) is ' quick movement.' So Pindar has Ovfxui 
 wpfiaivi viy 01. 3. 145 ; and Aesch. uses it intrans. Theb. 324 of a 
 horse. 
 
 1. 1389. aijiaros a<|>aY^v, a bold stretch of language ; we should say 
 'his life-blood ' by an opposite metaphor. 
 
 1. 1390. * Smites me with black splash of the murderous dew,' a fine 
 unsparing phrase. 
 
 1. 1393. ' Rejoicing no less than doth in heaven's sweet rain the corn- 
 land at the birthpang of the buds.' Splendid lines, restored by Porson's 
 insight from desperate corruption. For the return to nom. anoprjTos, 
 compare noKiv drjtioKpaTovfXiyTjv wairtp kcu axnoL Thuc. 5. 44. 
 
 NOTES, LINES I372-I42I. 
 
 i%g 
 
 I 
 
 1. 1394. xaCpoiT &v ei xaCpoiT*. 'joy if ye can,' see 1049 note. 
 1. 1395. cl B'V irpcTTovTwv, 'had it been a fitting thing.' tor riuv 
 vptirovTQiv, as above, 323. Perhaps however wperrov rSb' (Karst.) is right. 
 1. 1396. |iiv ovv, corrective as usual, ' nay more than just.' 
 
 I. 1 397. The comparison must not be pressed too far ; it suffices for 
 Klytaemnestra's grim irony, and is powerfully expressive of her horrible 
 cold-blooded triumphant mood. ' Had it been fitting,' she says (what 
 a time to talk of decorum!), ' to pour hbations over the corpse, over him 
 it had been just— nay more than just.' (Here one begins to see that the 
 libation is metaphorical, in some bitter sense ; then out it comes.) 'So 
 full of curses did he fill his bowl in his house, then comes and drinks it 
 to the dregs himself 1' i. e. a libation would suit'this reveller: he drank 
 deep — 0/ curses I KaKwv dpatuv certainly go together; 'ills accursed,' 
 
 * ills curse-bringing.' 
 
 II. 1403-6. The relentless gloating of KI. over her deed is very finely 
 given by these bare and bald details. o|Aotov, 1239. 
 
 1. 1407. Observe the skill with which the chorus take to the lyric 
 dochmiacs, when the tragedy is beyond the common speech of iambics. 
 The general sense is, ' what drug hast thou eaten or drunk from land or 
 sea, that thus thou hast brought on thy head the curse of the people ? 
 Thou hast slain, and shalt be outcast.' 
 
 1. 1408. -irficrancva from iraTto/juii, 'to taste' (not irdaapieva from 
 vdofiaiy * to acquire '). 
 
 1. 1409. t65' ewidov 0VOS, 'hast thou brought upon thyself this 
 sacrifice?' 
 
 O1JOS is a euphemism for the murder. (Pal. and others construe 
 
 * incense,' explaining it to mean ' the wrath ' of the people ; but this is 
 farfetched, and the common sense of ^uos in Epic and Aesch. is ' sacrifice.*) 
 
 1. 1410. The emphasis is on the oft-repeated preposition : ' away thou 
 hast hurled, away thou hast cleft, and away thou shalt be cast.' 
 
 1. 14 14. 'Though formerly {hou didst not withstand him at all;' in 
 the days of old when his crime was done. 
 t6t€ is better than MS. to5*. 
 
 1. 141 5. 'Who caring not, as 'twere a beast that died.' ^6pov is 
 governed however by irporiimv. 
 
 1. 141 7. * His own daughter, sweetest pain of travailing to me;' the 
 apposition of wbiva to -naiZa is a fine stretch of language. 
 
 1. 1420. €irf|Koos, equivalent to a partic. ' when thou hearest.* . 
 
 1. 1421. There is no occasion to alter the MSS. reading : * I bid thee 
 threaten and welcome, for I am prepared that likewise, if thou conquer 
 me by force, thou shalt rule.' She shows the same contemptuous force 
 as ever, ' I scorn your threats ; let us try conclusions, and let the strong- 
 est win.' The construction of the ace. inf. after vapta/avaafx^vTjs is not 
 
130 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 unnatural considering the freedom of poetry and the great flexibility of 
 Greek. [Perhaps however TrapfffKfvaafitvov (Madv.) is right.] 
 
 1. 1425. * I'll teach thee to know, though late, the ways of prudence.' 
 •yv<o<r€w, naturally often used in threats, Soph. Ant. 779, O. C. 852, and 
 in/ra, 1619. 
 
 1. 1426. Rather a difficult passage: the MS. is corrupt in 1428; 
 and the proper stopping is doubtful. It seems to make the best sense 
 with the least alteration if we read i\jiTrpf'nti, dTt€TOv for €u irp€TT(t dritTov, 
 the reading of Fa. : * High is thy spirit, and haughty thy word, as indeed 
 thy mind is frenzied by the deed 'of blood ; the blood-stain over thine 
 eyes is plain to see : [but yet] one day dishonoured, reft of^i^nds, thou 
 shalt pay for blow with blow ! ' [Others read knirperrav (PaTTH., K.) 
 after €\a/c€s, ' thou didst boast that the stain,' etc., referring to 1390. 
 But iTfpiippova refers to her whole attitude, not to one phrase thirty-five 
 lines back. Others read arirov with what precedes, 'a blood-stain 
 unavenged.'] 
 
 1. 1431. 6€fits, properly (from $€-) 'ordinance,' 'that which is laid down,' 
 'law ;' used here in a strained sense to mean something like * sanctity,' or 
 •solemnity.' Construe, 'This too thou hearest, this my solemn oath.' 
 
 1. 1434. The MS. reading here means, * Hope doth not tread for 
 me the halls of Fear.' A fine picturesque phrase, surely not too imagin- 
 ative or metaphorical for Aeschylus. She means, ' My hope does not 
 approach fear,' ' my confidence is dashed with no misgivings.' 
 
 [Others construe, * Expectation of fear does not tread my halls,' a 
 much poorer sense. Others read efxirareiv, ' I have no expectation that 
 fear {<p6^ov) will tread my halls,' or ' to tread the halls of fear ' {<t>6^ov). 
 None are as fine as the MS. reading, in the sense given above.] 
 
 1. 1435. Observe the lavish imagery: Aegisthos is 'a fire' and 'a 
 
 shield.' 
 
 1. 1439. ' Minion of each Chryseis before Troy.* Chryseis, daughter 
 of the priest Chryses : the Iliad opens with her as Agamemnon's slave 
 and concubine. This use of the plural is natural in all languages. So 
 Plat. Theaet. 169 B o\ ©rjaUs re Kal 'UpaKXees. 
 
 1. 1442. vavTiXtov Zk o-eXjjtdTwv l<roTpipT|S, 'sharing alike with him 
 the mariners' bench.' Quite good sense, and not requiring the further 
 change of vavriXois, which some edd. give. 
 
 1. 1443. &ri\ia 8' ovK cirpalA-niv, ' ay, they deserved their fate.' 
 
 1. 1446. <|>iXt|t&)p twS', ' dear to his heart.' (piK-qroip, not verbal from 
 fpiXfoj, which would be a masculine word, but from <pi\os-^Top, adj. 
 Hence we must change MS. toC5' to ra>S, with H. rovbt has easily 
 come from misunderstanding the form (pikTjTup. 
 
 1. 1447. 'And to me has brought a new delight for my luxurious 
 couch.' Lit. 'a new couch-relish of my luxury.' She means she has 
 
 NOTES. LINES 1425-1451. 
 
 131 
 
 added to her lawless love the new delight of a doubly satisfied jealousy 
 and vengeance. But the genitives are doubtless awkward and may be 
 corrupt, end one is tempted to take Schom.'s ifxrj .. dvy. 
 
 [11. 1449-15 76. Kommos, or lamentation, with answers from the 
 stage. 
 
 Chorus (1449-61). 'Oh for some speedy and painless death I Oh 
 fatal Helena !' 
 
 Klyt. (1461-67). ' Pray not for death nor blame Helena for all ! ' 
 Chor. (r468-74). • Oh fate so hard on our house I oh fatal wOmen !' 
 Klyt. (1475-80). * You are right to call on our Fate: he is the source 
 of bloodshed.' 
 
 Chor. (1481-96). ' A grievous fate, from Zeus the almighty. Oh king 
 how bewail thee, slain by evil craft ?' 
 
 Klyt. (1497-1504)- * I am not Klytaemnestra, but the Race-Avenger 
 in woman's shape.' 
 
 Chor. (1505-20). 'Say not you are innocent: perhaps the Avenger 
 IS your helper.' 
 
 Klyt. (1521-29). 'He too was guilty: he slew Iphigeneia.' 
 
 Chor. (1530-50). 'I am bewildered amid this bloodshed. Oh that 
 I had died first ! Who will bury him ? wilt thou, the murderess?' 
 
 K¥' (1551-59)- *I will bury him: and his daughter dear shall 
 meet him as he crosses the dark river, and welcome him.' 
 
 Chor. (1560-66). 'Another reviling! It is hard to see clear: the 
 spoiler is spoiled : 'tis the gods' will.' 
 
 Klyt. (1567-78). ' Henceforth I will make truce with the family 
 Fate : he shall go and plague others : I shall be at peace : I want but 
 little.'] 
 
 1. 1450. <|>e'pov<r' c'v ^(itv, 'bringing amongst us :' the use of \v (and 
 other preps, which take dat. see 357) with verb of motion is Epic. Cf. 
 kv\ ar-qdiaaiv vpovaas II. 22. 182: so vporl ot <l\(, 'took her to him,' 
 id. 507. Hence we need not change to (<p' with H. 
 1. 145 1. 8aji,€VTOs, ' laid low ;' Epic word for • slain.' 
 1. 1453. The simplest and best emendation is to read Epic iroXe'a 
 for iroWd with Enger, omitting icai here and /iw 1472 ; • having borne 
 much through a woman.' icai is not wanted : if put directly the sentence 
 would be (ddfiri . . tKcls. 
 
 I. 1456. Observe the effect of tAI, • who alone didst bring to death 
 so many, so exceeding many lives.' 
 
 II. 1458-61 are very corrupt and obscure. They are generally taken, 
 after Hermann, to be parallel with 1537-50, a supposition very probable ; 
 but if so there are 5I lines of anapaests lost, and the three lyric lines 
 correspond very imperfectly. It is useless to prune the lines to fit each 
 other ; the best one can do is to guess at the sense as near as may be. 
 
 K 2 
 
1S2 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 Omitting then di before af/t* with Herm. and reading with Enger ij tis 
 for r}ris, we may translate : . . . ' Thou hast put forth on thee as a flower 
 a memorable stain of blood indelible ; surely there was strife then in the 
 house, a woe subduing the king.' tpi8|xaTos, Epic compound from Ipt-, 
 ' exceedingly,' 5/ia-, ' to subdue.' This may be taken in default of 
 
 better. 
 
 1. 1467. a|tJo-TaTOv, * that cannot be put together, arranged, settled, 
 and so of pain • not to be allayed,' ' incurable.' Aristophanes playfully 
 quotes the word (Nub. 1367) of Aeschylus himself, putting it (accord- 
 ing to the best arrangement) in the mouth of an opponent ; there it 
 seems to mean 'rough," uncouth,' 'boisterous,' lit. 'not to be settled or 
 composed.' (Paley's ' incomparable ' will not do at all ; he misses the 
 sense of the passage in the Clouds.) 
 
 1. 1469. 'The two sons of Tantalos' are, of course, Agamemnon 
 
 and Menelaos. 
 
 1. 1470 seems to mean, • and wieldest the sway like-minded of two 
 women, that gnaws my heart,' i. e. * and who bringest the power of two 
 women equally imperious (Helena and Klytaemnestra) with men, causmg 
 
 such woe to me.' 
 
 1. 1472. fvvofiw is the best supported reading, 'and standing over 
 the body like a hateful raven, she boasts that her song is Jusi: But 
 €Kv6|tws, reading of Farnese, is best sense, ' she boastfully sings a tune- 
 less strain;' the harsh, discordant {hKvdfxais), triumphant note of the 
 raven makes a much better point. 
 
 1. 1476. TpnrdxwTov (Hermann's correction for the impossible 
 rpirrdxviov), ' thrice gorged,' explained below in at/MToXoix^s. 
 
 1. 1478. ' For 'tis he from whom bloodthirsty longing is nursed in 
 the heart ; before the old woe ceases, the new blood flows.' vcCpfi, 
 'in the heart,' unknown word. (Others v€ip<f = veiaipq, Homeric ad^ 
 'lowest,' agreeing with faarpi; and Hesych. mentions vdpr}, 'the 
 belly,' but of two unknown words one prefers the MS. form.) 
 
 1. 1480. Ixwp, Epic word for the ethereal blood of the gods. Here 
 used for * blood ' simply. 
 
 1. 1 48 1. oIkov6|aov (Schn., K.) is the best correction for oUois roiaSf, 
 
 • haunting the house.' 
 
 1. 1483. atvov, cognate (internal) ace. to alv^is, *a mighty Fate is 
 he of whom thou tellest ... an evil tale of woe accursed, insatiate.' 
 
 1. 1492. ' The spider's web' is of course the cloak in which he was 
 caught and slain. 
 
 1. 1493. cKirv^wv at the end of the anapaestic stanza must be pro- 
 nounced as dissyllable; just as Ofaiv, irSkews, ^aaikius, are i, 2, and 3 
 syllables respectively when required (synizezis). 
 
 1. 1494. After a pause at hfsnviuv, the sentence is continued in a 
 
 NOTES, LINES 1467-1525. 
 
 ^33 
 
 burst of anguish, * (thou liest) alas ! alas ! on this base bed.' KoCrav, 
 cognate ace. 
 
 1. 1495. pcXcfivcp, 'weapon.* It is generally called an axe, though 
 more probably a dagger. 
 
 1. 1498. |i,T]5' ctriXcxOiis, 'but do not think.' kmXlyofmi is an Ionic 
 word, used often in Herodotus for ' to think,' ' expect,' ' consider,' 
 properly no doubt *to say over to one's self.' This tense does not 
 occur elsewhere, and has been suspected ; but there is no more in- 
 trinsic difficulty in it than in the deponent ^itXix^V^^ which is common. 
 |i,T]8^, • but not,' is Epic ; in Attic it was always dAAd fi^. See 
 Od. 5. 177, 10. 343. 
 
 1. 1 501. 'The ancient bitter Avenger' is the personified spectre or 
 spirit of justice, which makes demand for other blood in requital for 
 blood shed. See Introduction, p. xii. 
 
 1. 1502. ' Who served the hideous banquet' of children to Thyestes. 
 
 I. 1504. 'Slaughtering a man for children,' lit. 'upon children,' 
 i, e, the second victim (metaphorically) uJ>on the first, that is to say, 
 •in vengeance for.' 
 
 1.1507. irw irw; Lit. 'where? where?' Doric for trou. The meaning 
 is, ' Nay, nay 1 ' just as in the colloquial word trufinKa, ♦ not a bit.' 
 
 iraxpoOev Se, ' yet from his sires an avenger might aid thee ;* you 
 are not innocent, but the ancestral avenger may have had a share in 
 the bloodshed. 
 
 II. 1510-12. Rather difficult and doubtful passage. It begins, 'Yet 
 black havoc presses on, with streams of kindred slaughter (then MSS. 
 read oirot Si koi irpo^aivcuv irdx*'? Kovpo&^pcp pape^fi, quite impossible 
 Greek, though even Hermann tries to constni^ it ; the easiest alteration 
 is Butler's and Scholefield's SiKav for 81 Kai, which I have taken), ' thither 
 where advancing he shall give requital for the clot pf the blood of 
 children slain for food,* i.e. black havoc presses Wtth murder in the 
 family till he has avenged the murder of Thyestes' children. But one 
 cannot feel much confidence about the reading or sense. 
 
 11. 15 2 1, 2. These lines are clearly spurious; the answer clearly 
 begins ov8\ yap, the oiJre is wrong, and the insertion spoils the sense of 
 what follows. 
 
 1. 1525. cpvos is ace. after Spatray, which regularly takes ace. of 
 person treated, and of the kind of treatment. ' But my offshoot sprung 
 from him ... as he hath dealt with her so hath he suffered.' 
 
 1. 1526. The T€ after iroKv/cXavrov marks apposition ; so Suppl. 60 
 Irjpftas d\6xov KipfcrjK&TOv t' drjdovos. 'I^ytvtiav, older (dialectic) form 
 with a long ; so we find €VK\(id, dyvoid, dvoia, in Trag. and vyidd even in 
 Com. (Ar. Av. 609). Hence there is no need to read with MSS. 'I<^7c- 
 V€iay ay- [ d(ia dpdaas k.t.\. See next line. 
 
134 
 
 AGAMEMNON, 
 
 1. 1527. a|ta 8pd<ras o^ta irdorxwv. A difficulty has been made 
 with these lines from not seeing that the words are correlative, ' the 
 deed was worthy (of the suffering), the suffering was worthy (of the 
 deed).' 
 
 1. 1 5 31. jilpifJtvav, ace. after ffT€pr}6ih (which verb takes naturally 
 ace. of thing stolen), * robbed of thought's ready devising.* 
 
 !• 1533- 'I ^^ar the patter of bloody rain, that makes the house to 
 totter ; no longer it comes in drops.' 
 
 1. 1535. To say that ' Fate sharpens justice for another deed of 
 harm' is quite intelligible, and the imagery quite Aeschylean. So the 
 ordinary correction Uktjv may be taken. At the same time the simpler 
 phrase Sj/ct; . . . 0Tjydvais fiaxaipav (Musgrave) is a rather tempting 
 emendation. 
 
 1. 1540. SpoCrr], ' bath ;' Yja.y.€(m\y * low couch.* 
 
 1. 1544. av'n]S for <r€auT^y, 1297. 
 
 1, 1545. axapiv \iip\y, ' a graceless gift' {Mors.). 
 
 1. 1548. 'And who shall utter his praise with tears over the tomb 
 of the man divine, labouring in sincerity of heart.' The d\r)6(ia (ppevuv 
 last and emphatic ; it was so terribly absent in Klytaemnestra. 
 
 1- 1553' I'^e prepositions as in 1410. 'Down he fell, down he lay, 
 and down we will bury him.' Klytaemnestra is perhaps scornfully 
 parodying the emphasis of the chorus. The absence of augment, and 
 the assimilation of Har-, is Epic. 
 
 1. 1554. Her bitterness and cruel triumph reach a climax in this 
 terrible sarcasm, ' None of the house shall bewail him, . . . but his dear 
 daughter, as is fit , shall meet and welcome him at the swift ferry- 
 passage of woes.* 
 
 1. 1 560. Notice how the last note of this long chorus is the darkness 
 and inscrutability of fate ; the inevitableness of the evil consequences 
 of sin. 6v«i8os cLvt' ovcCSovs, * reviling for reviling ;' the bitterness of 
 Klyt.'s taunt saddens but does not now anger the chorus. 
 
 1. 1 56 1. ' Tis hard to discern the right ; she spoils the spoiler, the 
 slayer pays his debt, but it remains — while Zeus remains on his throne 
 — that the doer must suffer . . .' 
 
 1. 1562. 4)cp€t <t)€povT', a proverbial phrase, ^cpoo in the old sense 
 <p€p€iv dytiv, ' to carry off booty.' 
 
 1. 1564. XP^^V is the MS. reading, which can only be construed with 
 Klausen, * while Zeus remains, it remains in due time that,' etc., and 
 the order of the words is very harsh for this. Paley's rendering, * while 
 time remains and Zeus is lord,' is good sense, but hardly the Greek. 
 It is better to read Opovu with Schiitz (so H., Schn., Eng., etc.) 
 
 1- 1565. 'yovav dpaiov (H.'s beautiful correction for ^^ov), * the brood 
 of curses.' 
 
 NOTES. LINES 1527-1589. 
 
 ^35 
 
 1. 1566. Again a certain correction irpos &rq. for the meaningless 
 rrpoacapai (A^AT into ATAI), ' the race is fast bound to woe.* 
 
 1. 1567. MSB. have ive^r) XPI^I^^^, some alter to kvk^rjs, which gives 
 a poor sense ; a far better one is got by altering xPl^^t^^^ to xpTlo"K-os, 
 * this maxim (that the doer shall suffer) has with truth trodden him 
 (Agamemnon) down.' 
 
 1. 1569. nXeiaGevtSav. Grammarians say that Pleisthenes was son 
 of Atreus, and father of Agamemnon, but that as he died young, 
 Agamemnon is usually called son of Atreus. It is certain that Aga- 
 memnon is son of Atreus in the Homeric tradition, which seems to 
 be usually that of the later poets in this respect. Perhaps Pleisthenes 
 belongs to another form of the story altogether, and Aeschylus merely 
 uses his name for ihQ family, just as he calls them sometimes Pelopidae, 
 or Tantalidae. 
 
 1. 1570. * Making compact that I will bear this, though hard to be 
 borne, but that hereafter he shall go,' etc. 
 
 tA8€ jji^v arcpYciv. It is characteristic of Klytaemnestra's cold- 
 blooded shamelessness that she speaks oi' bearing' the trouble of the 
 house, she the murderess. The tone is, * We have been plagued enough, 
 let the hard fate of the house go vex other families with kindred 
 slaughter.' 
 
 1- 1673' o-vOcvTTjs OavoTOS, * kin-murder.' See note on auro^xJi'os, 
 
 109 1. 
 
 1. 1574. The cold irony is at its height here, ' All I want is a quiet 
 life and a humble competence, having cured the house of its blood-feud J 
 
 [ExoDos, or last scene (1577-1673). Aegisthos vaunts his part in the 
 bloody deed, telling the tale of past deeds which have produced this : 
 the chorus rebuke him, and mention the name of Orestes. The quarrel 
 waxes hot, and violence is threatened, when Klytaemnestra intervenes 
 and stops the strife.] 
 
 I. 1579. 'The gods look down on woes of earth, aiding mortals,* 
 is perfectly good sense ; no need to alter dxti into dyq. 
 
 1. 1582. 'Paying for the crafty crimes of his sire's hand* is ex- 
 plained in what follows ; note that Atreus again is called iraTi7p, not 
 Pleisthenes. 
 
 1, 1 585. aji4>CX€KTos Av KpAT€i, * being questioned in his sovereignty,' 
 i. e. ' his power disputed.' dn<p. must be passive (cf. 881) ; the passage 
 quoted for the active meaning, dfKpiKfKros (pis (Eur. Phoen. 500), proves 
 nothing, as the passive meaning is quite possible there. 
 
 1. 1589. *(A lot secure), not to die and defile with his blood his 
 native soil.' The MSS. read mostly auroC, as the end of this sentence. 
 Even if we construe it ' there on the spot,* it seems unfit and intolerably 
 flat. (See however tfi^v 14.) Further, the tribrach iivia is ugly. 
 
1^6 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 The probability is that it is a gloss, and one is strongly tempted to 
 think with Schiitz that the next line is spurious, and that 1590 originally 
 ran Jevia tk toOBc SticrOeos iraTTJp irarpC. See next note. 
 
 1. 1 59 1. Probably spurious, irarpt belonging to 1590. * More zeal- 
 ous than friendly,' is only possible as a joke, when applied to a man 
 who under cover of a banquet murders his brother's children ; and 
 Aegisthos is not joking. Moreover, the jingle npoOvfjuus, (vdvfiaK is 
 suspicious, the name 'Arpevs needless, and the rejection of 1591 amends 
 1590 so neatly. 
 1. 1592. ' Feigning to celebrate with cheer a day of feasting.' 
 1. 1594. KTcvos, properly ' combs,' here * the fingers.' The word is 
 used of a variety of things, ribs, hair, rakes, teeth, wherever the meta- 
 phor is natural. 
 
 1- 1595- The MS. reading will construe . . . eOpvirr dvojOev dvSpaKois 
 KaB-qixivos. dffrjfia 5' avTwv avriK dyvoia \a0wv «.t.X. ' The feet and 
 hands he (Atreus) broke up small (OpviTTO}, ' to crush,' used with ^diXaKa, 
 Xi6va K.T.\., not * to break off;) sitting above, apart from the rest ; 
 but the undistinguishable parts he (Thyestes) taking in ignorance,' etc. 
 And the antithesis between rd [lIv -no^pr] and aar\na S' avrcDv (which, 
 however, should probably be rdarjim) is clear and natural, and at first 
 sight seems a strong argument for the MS. reading. But the change 
 of subject without any notice is very harsh, and the real antithesis to 
 rd iilv TToSriprj is probably understood in the rapid and vivid narrative. 
 We must then take Hermann's dar\\i- & 8' avrwv, and very possibly 
 fKpimr' for iOpvirr', with Casaubon. The sense will be : ' The feet and 
 hands he broke up small (or hid on the dish, Upv-nr), sitting above 
 and apart, so that none should know them (darjixa, proleptic) ; [the 
 rest of the flesh he put on the dish] ; but he in ignorance took thereof 
 (avrwv partitive, or perh. after dyvoia) and ate a meal fatal,' etc. 
 
 1. 1599. * And falls back, spitting forth the slaughtered flesh.' 
 I have taken Hartung's drrd a<payfiv with the MS. (pwv, i.e. dirfpwv 
 a<payqv, from dir-epacu, to ' spit or vomit forth.' Another compound, 
 (^(pdoj, is used in Aristoph. for ' to disgorge.* dno a(payfiv would be 
 certain to get corrupted into dird ccpayijs, and (pdu is transitive, and 
 requires accusative. [epSiv is defended by Prof. Goodwin.] This seems 
 better than the common dird acpayqs ffiaiv, ' from the flesh vomiting.' 
 
 1. 1601. It is perhaps simplest to construe this, • spuming the ban- 
 quet to aid his curse.' o-vvSikos being properly • one who pleads with 
 you,' * an aider in the cause.' owSCkcds governs dp^ [the common render- 
 ing 'jointly,' is worse sense, and has no parallel in the usage of avv- 
 liKo{\. The violent crash of the banquet was the symbol (ovtcos) of 
 the invoked destruction of the family. Such symbolism is common and 
 natural in primitive times when good or evil is prophesied or invoked. 
 
 ^ 
 
 NOTES. LINES 1 59 1- 1 625. 137 
 
 1. 1605. • For me, the thirteenth child, he drives out with my hap- 
 less father.* This is the meaning of the MS. reading ; but ^nl SW 
 IS almost certainly corrupt ; the only traditions we have give at most 
 three children to Thyestes, and the mention of the number seems so 
 needless and inappropriate. I read with Schom. Svaaxexicp. itd means 
 lit. * on,* i. e. ' along with.' It is rather needless with avvfitkaiivu, and 
 hence the corruption. 
 
 1. 161 1. All the MSS. (except Fa., which has been a good deal 
 corrected) give tSovra : the ace. is quite right after to KarOavtiv, in 
 agreement with the subject. So Eur. Med. 814 aol Si avyyv^jfirj \iytw 
 rdS' fOTi fi^ irdaxovaav uis tyw KaKus. 
 
 1. 161 2. ac^oi, 'honour,' understatement for • approve.' 
 
 1. 16 1 7. v^pT(p<f. KiliiTQ. There were three benches or banks of rowers 
 in a trireme, the BaXafxiTai, or lowest, with least work and pay ; then 
 the ivyirai, or middle; and finally, the Opavhai, or highest bench. If 
 CvySv, as is probable, refers to (vyhai, Aeschylus must be thinking of 
 a bireme, where the Cn^rai would be the highest. (Klausen.) The 
 vepr^pq. K6mj, is then the OaXanirai. * Dost thou speak so, set to the 
 lower oar, when those on the higher seat control the ship V 
 
 1. 1620. <rto<(>pov€iv €lpT)jji€vov, * whcu biAlen to be prudent.' ci'piy- 
 liivov, 'it being ordered,' ace. absolute, like iiap6v, Uov, ^6v, vpoa^Kov 
 K.r.K., the regular usage with imperspnals. 
 
 1. 162 1. YnP«is» ace. ' but to teach even the old, chains and hunger- 
 pangs are excellent physicians of the mind.' (Two MSS. misunder- 
 standing the constr. read hfafx6v.) 
 
 1. 1623. • Hast eyes and seest not this V 
 
 1. 1624. waCcras is found in a Scholiast's quotation of the line, and is 
 in itself better than the other suggestion wraiaas, 'stumbling:' 'lest 
 thou strike them and suffer.' 
 
 1. 1625. These three lines must be addressed to Aegisthos, for (i) 
 Klyt. is not on the scene, being only summoned later by the noise to 
 allay the tumult, (2) even if she was here the chorus have said their 
 say to her (i37.^-i575)» (3) it would sadly interrupt the scene to inter- 
 polate an appeal to the queen, when the point here is the rising ex- 
 asperation between Aegisthos and the chorus. Taking Wieseler's fi4vojv 
 (for v4ov) and alaxvvas, we may leave the rest : it is better than altering 
 roh ijKovras. ' Thou woman, didst thou abide at home waiting for the 
 warrior's return, and having defiled the man's bed. devise this fate for 
 the leader of the host ?' 
 
 [If we retain v4ov and ataxvvova' we must take the ordinary cor- 
 rection ToCS* iJKovroi : but we must still, for the reasons given, suppose 
 It addressed to Aegisthos: the fcm. part, will then continue the taunt 
 of Tvvat.J 
 
38 
 
 AGAMEMNON. 
 
 I. 1628. There is bitterness in the turgid expression apxtiY^vti, ' the 
 primal source of tears.' 
 
 1. 1631. ' Stirring our wrath with thy vain howling.' 
 
 1. 1632. dget, passive, 'shall be dragged off,' another point of con- 
 trast with Orpheus. ' He was sweet- voiced, you howl like a dog ; he 
 dragged others after him, you shall be dragged away.' 
 
 1. 1633. «s 8-;^ (TV, lit. ' for of course you will be,' ' since surely you 
 will be,' i. e. ' doubtless you will be,' ironical. So Soph. O. C. 809 ws 
 8^ av 0pax^a ravra S' ev KaipS> A67€ts. Or it might be explained as 
 an exclamation, ' how surely you will be !' also ironical. 
 
 1. 1637. * I was of old suspected as a foe.' 
 
 1. 1640. papcCais, 'with heavy yoke.' ^cvyXai^ understood from the 
 verb, ov firj or ovn ^77, properly used with subj. or future indie, e.g. ov 
 Ti ni) \T](p9af, ' no fear of my being caught.' ov fxrj ns d^ei (Soph. O. C. 
 177), ' No chance of any one taking you away.' Hence it comes to be 
 used as a very strong negative, and so we find it here negativing an adj. 
 only. ' Surely no high-mettled trace-horse,' well fed and lightly capari- 
 soned, but a heavily yoked one tamed by hunger. [Perhaps however, 
 as ov fiij is generally used with verbs, we should read with Karst. ov 
 Tt fiTju. So Soph. Phil. 1273.] 
 
 1. 1642. p,aX0aK6v o-<|>' tiroil/eTai, * shall see him tamed.' 
 
 1. 1645. *But with thee a woman slew him.' avv, adverbial, an 
 Epic usage not uncommon in poetry; h, vp6s, and others, are so used. 
 But as Klyt. did not share the deed, but did it alone, avv has been 
 doubted. If it is right it must be used loosely to mean ' thy accom- 
 plice,' * acting with thee.' Most edd. read viv, Schn. suggests aoi, which 
 is not bad. 
 
 1. 1649. 8oK€is, 'art resolved,' personal construction, see 16. tpSfiv 
 Kal kiyeiv, ' to do and say such things,' no need for kov \eyetv, as most 
 edd. alter. 
 
 1. 1650. A line is lost here; 1651 must be given to Aegisthos (not 
 the choms, as MSS.), for 1652 is clearly an answer to it. Xoxtrai, 
 * comrades,' are Aegisthos* bodyguard. 
 
 I..1653. * Die, thou sayest; we take the omen,' as Ken. well translates 
 it. Tf[v rvxr\v S' alpov|i€0a, * and we take our good fortune.' 
 
 \Klytaemnestra appears just as they are about to fight, and stills 
 
 the tumult^ 
 
 I. 1655. The order of the words points to taking iroWA as predicate, 
 ' Even these are many to reap, a bitter harvest.' The commoner render- 
 ing, ' Even to reap these many woes is a bitter harvest,' is possible, but 
 would rather require -roaav-ra. 
 
 II. 1657, 8. Very corrupt. I have taken Madvig's as the best 
 emendation, irpos Boftovs, iT€iTpw|jicvois irpiv tradciv, cigavres' dpKciv 
 
 NOTES. LINES 1628-1673. 
 
 139 
 
 Xpy K.T.X., * Go to your homes, yielding to fate before ye suffer.' 
 This is the only correction which gives a decent sense to irevpcufxtvos, 
 a word always used of fate. [If this alters too much, take Hermaim's, 
 vpos SofMovs v€Trp(Ufi€VOvs, nptV naOuv ep^avTfs- aptcdv /f.T.A.] 
 * I. 1659. Read with Hermann 8€xoijji€0' av. The best sense seems 
 to be, ' and if these troubles should be found sufficient, we would accept 
 them, though grievously smitten with God's wrath.' (Hermann's 6' 
 It' oi) for 5^ roi is unhappy, it would be A"7««tO» i- e. ' if no further 
 trouble occurs, we will be content.' A proudly conciliatory speech, 
 meaning, * we will forget this outbreak if you keep quiet for the future." 
 
 1. 1662. 'Cull the flowers of a foolish tongue,' a characteristic 
 Aeschylean figure. The accus. and inf. is exclamatory, ' But that these 
 should ...'i.e.* the idea that they should . . .' 
 
 1. 1664. Blomfield ingeniously supplies 8* vppiaot for the missing 
 three syllables. 
 
 1. 1666. ^cTei|xi, *will visit it on thee.* 
 
 1. 1668. 'Exiles feed on hope;' in this scornful taunt there is dra- 
 matic irony, for those who know what is coming in the next play ; the 
 exile Orestes returns and slays her. 
 
 1. 1669. *Go on, and fatten, defiling justice; for thou hast the 
 power.* 
 
 I. 167 1. The cock was the 'home-fighting' bird {ivhon&x'^^ Find. 
 01. 12. 13 ; IvoiKios opvis Eum. 866), and so is Aegisthos, who dares not 
 fight abroad, but is only formidable on his own dunghill. 
 
 1. 1672. irpoTi|jidu> has a secondary meaning 'to care for,' and the 
 construction follows the meaning; it takes gen. like fxikti, (ppovri^av 
 
APPENDICES. 
 
 L 
 
 Tlie Remote Deliberative. 
 
 Line 620. ovK €<r9' Stkus Xlgaijit rd i);cv8t] koXcS.. All the commen- 
 tators notice here the omission of av : Paley says it occurs in negative 
 propositions. Kennedy follows Peile in saying the optative is due to 
 indefinite generality : a strange confusion. Enger says the strict Attic 
 rule would require av : Hermann does not notice it. Madvig emends 
 wildly. The true explanation seems to have escaped everybody. 
 
 The fact is, that all the passages where commentators have regretted 
 the want of av in Attic Greek have one common character ; they are all 
 (not 'negative,' as Paley says, on a small induction, but) interrogative, 
 either direct or indirect. The following is a list of those I can find : — 
 
 (i) Direct. 
 
 Soph. O. C. 170 TToT Ti^ (ppovTiSos ll\6oi; (sic Laur. Cod.) 
 
 „ Ant. 604 Ttav Zev dvvaaiv Tis vrrfp^aaia Kardaxo^ i (sic Codd.) 
 
 „ Phil. 895 Tt Srjra Sp^fx kyoj ; 
 At. Plut. 438 not ris (pvyoi ; 
 Plat. Gorg.492 B Ti k6.kiov urj ; 
 
 (2) Indirect. 
 ovK fffO' oTTtyy Xf^aifii. 
 ovK iariv orcp fifi^ova fioTpav vttfiatfxi, 
 OVK iariv oaris TrXi^v f/xov Kfipair6 viv. 
 tar' ovv otroK "AKKijffTts Is yijpas piSKot ; 
 Plat. Euthyd. 296 D ovk llx°^ ''^^^ dfi<pi(T0rjToi'i]v. 
 
 Soph. O. C. 1 1 72 If at ris iror' kariv, ov y kycb xpi^aipu. ri ; also closely 
 resembles these and should be classed with them. 
 
 [It is true that (2) are not strictly interrogative in form : but just as 
 OVK fx^i ri ftirri (and even ?x** ^» '''' ^'''n?) are allowed by analogy or ex- 
 tension of usage from the strict interrogative form ovk oldcv or oT8€v o, ri 
 «ijr]7, so these instances are really the interrogative optative put obliquely.] 
 Now it must be plain, considering these examples all in a lump, that 
 what they vary from is not the optative with dv, but the interrogative 
 subjunctive, or, as it is usually called, the deliberative. The subjunctive 
 
 Aesch. Ag. 620 
 P. V. 292 
 Cho. 172 
 
 Eur. Ale. 52 
 
 a 
 
 tf 
 
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 141 
 
 I 
 
 might be substituted for the optative in all these instances : and in the 
 first two it is usually so read, though against the best MS. authority. 
 
 The difficulty then is this : not why dv is omitted, for the sentences 
 are not conditional ; but why the remote form (optative) is used instead 
 of the primary form (subjunctive), when the sentences are all of a 
 primary character. 
 
 The answer is that the optative expresses the remoteness, not as usual 
 (e. g. in past final, or past indefinite, or past deUberatives) of pastness, 
 but of possibility : the instinct is to express by optative something mor» 
 out of the question than the subjunctive would have expressed. 
 
 Thus e. g. in the first instance ris Kardaxv ', would be good Greek, 
 but the question of restraining Zeus' omnipotence would seem to be 
 more treated as a practical one : the optative puts it further ofif, as a 
 wild impossibility. 
 
 Or again, in Ar. Plut. 438 iror (pvyo would be in ordinary circum- 
 stances the expression, and so the older editors all read it : but <pvyoi, 
 the MS. reading, and the right one, is the exclamation of supreme 
 terror, treating escape as in the last degree unlikely. 
 
 II. 
 
 tSitos, roirfi, rorrdw, rh iroir. 
 
 Mr. A. W. Verrall, in a very ingenious paper in the Journal of Philo- 
 logy (9. 115), has endeavoured to show that a family of words — r6no$, 
 roirq, and roirdoj, all connected with rorrd^oj, and meaning ' conjecture,' 
 * divination,' * discovery ' (the verb ' to divine ' or * discover ') — has dis- 
 appeared from many places in our texts, owing to various corruptions, 
 such as rpoiros for r6nos, rd trdv for rondv or rowdy, etc. 
 
 In the course of his argument he deals with the following passages 
 from Agamenmon :^ 
 (i) 161-176. 
 
 (2) 681-99 sqq. 
 
 (3) 99^-3- 
 
 In (i) (besides many other emendations) he would read in 1 74-5 : — 
 Zijva 54 ris vpo<pp6voK ivkViKia K\q(<uv 
 rtv^trcu (pptvSiv rowdy, 
 which he construes, 'but he that prophetically nameth (Kkcf^ofy for 
 K\TJC(uv) Zeus by titles of victory shall be right in thus divining his 
 character.' 
 
 In (2) he would read in 681 t&8' h rorrdv injrvfion, 'with so true a 
 prophecy' (with such literal truth in respect of his divination). 
 
 /I 
 
142 
 
 APPENDICES, 
 
 In (3) he would read ol rowav ^xcov IXrriSos <pi\ov $pdao^, ' unable to 
 discover the welcome assurance of hope.' 
 
 After carefully considering his arguments, I must own that in all 
 three passages I prefer the MS. reading, (i) KAdCcu. can quite well 
 
 shall find wisdom altogether/ is a better sense than the one proposed 
 Indeed divmmg his character' is a totally inappropriate expression; 
 there is no 'divination of character ' in piously calling Zeus ' the Victor •' 
 and for the meaning given to npo<pp6vws there is no authority whatever " 
 In (2) the emendation is less unlikely: but even there roir^ does not 
 seem quite the right word, as it should properly mean 'conjecture' as 
 opposed to 'knowledge; and not 'prophecy;' it is properly applied to 
 J^ndtngou^ truth by guessing, not>^././//«^it ; and the MSS. L rh -nav 
 ^T^TVfuv,, altogether truly' (not 'on the whole,' as Mr. Verrall says, 
 which IS quite different, but like nduv orrrapdnau), seems perfectly satis- 
 
 In (3) rmauepdao,, 'to discover assurance,' is not at all a happy 
 phrase, while ov rd rrdv is just what is wanted to express the misgiving 
 constantly recurnng, in spite of the king having just returned triumphant 
 ktesit : 'not having to the full hope's happy courage,' as K. Jrans- 
 
 On the whole therefore I cannot agree in Mr. Verrall's proposed 
 emendations as far as the Agamemnon is concerned. Still I am bound 
 to say that I feel, not merely that the a prioH probability is great that 
 the Town, rorraw, etc. would disappear from our texts in some places, but 
 also that m some of the passages where he would restore them there is 
 much to be said for the restoration. 
 
 III. 
 
 Lines 1228 sqq. Mr. H. A'. J. Munro (Journal of Philol. xi. 130) has 
 discussed this passage, and rejects Madvig's emendation as too violent 
 He defends the accusative ola after rciJ^crm : and in objecting to this I 
 tlimk I was wrong. I still feel however that the sentence as a whole is so 
 har^h a^ to be very suspicious : oXa is a long way from r^v^.ra, : and the 
 other objections seem to me to hold. If ola is taken with k^^aaa r,^(,rai 
 IS unsatisfactory : the things she ' says ' and ' obtains ' are different 
 
 Mr. Uumo'sSoHifiu for SUrjv (with all respect be it spoken for so high 
 an authonty), I camiot feel to be likely. 'Lengthening out the ambush 
 of a dark crime -a version which puts a strain on drrj.-is so violent a 
 phrase as to be hardly better than the MSS. text. It gives a construc- 
 tion to e^creivaaa, it is true : but the sense and diction is intolerably 
 
 
 V 
 
 \ 
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 IV. 
 
 143 
 
 and objects to Mr. Verrall's emendation that it should be 5.' not re, and 
 
 throwing and trampling are similar in kind and in quick succession, the 
 clo^ conjunction r. IS not admissible, though in form one of the verbs 
 ^imperative and the other future. The participle n.<r6ura seems to 
 me also possible and natural : the things first fell, and then were 
 trampled on. My translation 'as ye lie' was k little free : and I have 
 
 TZ ■ ^^ ^l li """T^- '^^' °^'^"^"^ '^ *^^ ^^'"P^^ °"^ that one act 
 came just after the other, and the aorist part, is surely common for the 
 hrst of two such acts. 
 
4k*^ 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Abstract for concrete, 109, 123. 
 
 dyyapos, 282. 
 
 dyKaOfv, 3. 
 
 dfopaios, 88. 
 
 d'^wvios, 513. 
 
 Accumulation of phrase, 154, 192, 
 
 222, 960, 1015. 
 Adjective, rare use, 10. 
 — governing accusative, 103, 1091. 
 atXAwi, 483. 
 dW' fj, 276. 
 dXovpyos, 946. 
 dv carried on, 104S. 
 dvri(pepvos, 406. 
 Anachronism, 1355. 
 Anacoluthon, 97, 100, 816. 
 ditripos (pans, 276. 
 Aposiopesis, 498, 567, 1109. 
 Art, works of, 241, 416, 801, 1329. 
 Article, as demonstrative, 7, 397- 
 
 separated from substantive, 
 
 1056. 
 
 — as relative, 526, 642. 
 Attraction, personal use, 5o/«w, 10. 
 
 — of participle, 137 1. 
 Augment omitted, 189. 
 avrds displaced, 836. 
 
 — in compounds, of kindred mur- 
 der, 1092, 1573. 
 
 avTotJ for fftavTov, 1141,1 297, 1544- 
 avT6Totcos, 137. 
 
 Beauty of nature, 566. 
 00^1, 'call to battle, 1349. 
 
 7(i/) ovv, 524, 674. 
 
 7€ /i^v 817, 661, 887,1213. 
 
 7« /*'?''» 1378. 
 
 Comparison, abridged, 894. 
 
 iiavXoi, 344. 
 Doricisms : — ' 
 
 T6\fid, 376. 
 
 wSi; 1509. 
 
 in chorus, 43, 1072. 
 8' ovv, 34, 224, 676, 1042. 
 Double meanings, 67, 69, 345, 441, 
 
 612,699,781,857,912. 
 
 iKKVK\r]pua, 1372. 
 
 k^aipiTos, 954. 
 
 tcKi, 723. 
 
 Epic forms and usages : — 
 
 Article omitted, 59, 313, 323. 
 
 709. 1395; ^ . 
 
 —.separated from substantive, 
 
 1056. 
 
 — as relative, 526, 642. 
 
 — as demonstrative, 397. 
 Genitive of 'hearing of,' 1367. 
 
 — local, 1056. 
 
 Dative, local, 27, 558, etc.; see 
 Cases. 
 
 — after verbs of motion, 357, 
 
 363,1450. 
 Subjunctive with €i, 1328. 
 Syncope, 27, 305 • 
 Tmesis, 450, 944- 
 /3oi7,i349. 
 5a/A€is, 1 45 1. 
 
 ivi, dative, ' against,' 61. 
 iviarpoiposy 397. 
 flvotf, 1235. 
 taovs, I long, 122. 
 ix^p, 1480. 
 irijp, 206. 
 firjbi, ' but not,' 1498. 
 
 01T€, 50. 
 
 hvats dv with optative, 367. 
 ito\ia{^), 1453. 
 
 irp6 adverbial, 253. 
 ovv adverbial, 586, 1645. 
 ws for &aT€ ; see ws. 
 Euphemism, 1 288. 
 
 • From* for 'on,' 116. 
 
 Hearth, domestic, 1056. 
 
 ms, 717. 
 lonicisms : — 
 
 IvvS&pfoj, 83. 
 
 dvTfjkios, 519. 
 
 (mXexO^s, 1498. 
 Irony, dramatic, 67, 599, 606, 862. 
 
 904, 912, 1225. 
 
 — pathetic, 455. 
 
 Hai in questions, 280. 
 Kol ydp ovv, 524. 
 Kal fi-ffv, 1 1 78. 
 
 — ' and yet,' 1254. 
 KvpHv, 1 201. 
 
 Lampadephoria, 312. 
 Licence of drama, 504. 
 
 Iiiv, antithesis suppressed, 924. 
 li€v oZv, 1396. 
 fiivToi, 644, 886. 
 Metaphor, rustic, 32. 
 
 — grotesque, 494. 
 
 — rapid succession, 786, 103 1, 
 1 1 78. 1435. 
 
 Names, significant, 687, 108 1. 
 
 vHpos, 1478. 
 
 vvv, 'just now,' 550. 
 
 oStos, 104. 
 
 ov^Ti fjLTi, with adjective, 164O. 
 
 oi) fjiifv -yt, 1279. 
 
 oZv, ' in short,' 607. 
 
 — in alternatives, 359, 
 ovTf omitted, 532. 
 Oxymoron, 1268. 
 
 irvSoi, 806. 
 
 TTpdafftffOai, 700. 
 
 ■npi-nw, 241, 389, 122 2. 
 
 ■ttp6hov\os, 945. 
 
 Personal construction, 16, 379, 
 
 1079. 
 Personifying instinct, 894. 
 Play on words : — 
 
 'E\€i/ay, 689. 
 
 KTjboS, 699. 
 
 'Ake^avSpos, 7ll(?). 
 
 'Air<$AAouj/, 1 08 1. 
 
 Sv(Tfi€Vfts, 1 193. 
 Pregnant construction, 538. 
 Preposition, adverbial, 253, 7(^0, 
 
 1645. 
 
 Rhetorical repetition, 8. 
 pvaiov, 534. 
 
 Sin only cause of woe, 751. 
 Slaves in household religion, 1037. 
 crd^, 1 1 72. 
 teard avvtaiv construction, 308, 
 
 562. 
 avvTtk-fis, ^32. 
 
 'Swallow' for foreigner, 1050, 
 Symbolic act, 1601. 
 Syncope : — 
 
 dvhaxo), 305. 
 
 ivavrtlXaaav, 27. 
 
 re marking apposition, 1526. 
 T^Aoy, ' task,' 908. 
 — 'decision,' 934. 
 tIvoj, double meaning, I324. 
 Tis, ft Tis 'AiraXkojv, 55. 
 Tt, put for clause, 935. 
 Tmesis, 450, 944. 
 Transferred epithet, 237, 920. 
 
 <f>i\riT<vp, 1446. 
 
 &s for l£ ov, 12 12. 
 
 &aT€, 358, 546, 575, 665, 
 
 1 38 1. 
 <^5 5*7, 1633. 
 wffTf for els. 884. 
 
 
GRAMMATICAL INDEX. 
 
 a. Cases and Prepositions. 
 
 Nominative : — 
 Pendens, 1008. 
 
 Strange apposition aXai, 195. 
 After accusative in comparison, 
 1392. 
 
 Accusative : — 
 
 Apposition to clause, 49, 225, 
 1310. 
 
 — loose, 643. 
 Duration, 1. 
 Internal, 1375. 
 
 — cognate, i, 174, iin, i483» 
 1494. 
 
 Adverbial, 280. 
 Absolute, 1620. 
 After adjective, 103, 109 1. 
 
 — verbs of sitting, 184, 664, 834. 
 
 — (TTcpT/^cts, 1531. 
 vpb^ Kopov, 381. 
 •npos rd iStatoi/, 130. 
 
 Genitive : — 
 
 Comprehensive, 278. 
 
 Description, 43. 
 
 Local, 1056. 
 
 Partitive, 961. 
 
 Relation, with 'feeling,* 50. 
 
 vvaroSt 51. 
 
 «v, 379. 
 
 K€KOfXll€VO^, 479. 
 
 OVTOJ, 950. 
 
 After /caTOTTToy, 307. 
 
 — negative adjective, 311. 
 
 — verb of * hearing about,' 1 367, 
 
 — <pdTis, 630. 
 
 Separation, AcXcjft/i^i'os, 517. 
 €K, 'after,' 330. 
 
 Dative : — 
 
 Ethical, 312, 496. 
 
 Instrumental, 521. 
 
 Local, 27, 558, 578, 718. 
 
 Manner, 521. 
 
 Respect, 233. 
 
 Time, 521. 
 
 With and without preposition, 
 
 656. 
 After passive, 371, 801. 
 
 lirt (motion), 357, 363, 
 \v (motion), 1450. 
 
 b. MooDs AND Tenses. 
 
 Indicative : — 
 
 Present prophetic, 1 26. 
 Imperfect (attempt), 593. 
 Perfect, /Se/Sjy/ce, 36. 
 Future perfect active, 1279. 
 Aorist gnomic, 717, 966, ioo6, 
 
 1329. 
 — momentary, 1243. 
 
 Imperative : — 
 
 Aorist with f"?, 931- 
 
 Subjunctive : — 
 Misgiving, 341. 
 With €l, 1328. 
 
 Optative : — 
 
 Assimilated, 253, 319. 
 Generalising, 1042. 
 Double conditional, 930. 
 Final with Sirws w, 364. 
 Indefinite, 372. 
 'Potential,' 55a. 
 
 GRAMMATICAL INDEX, 
 
 ' 
 
 Optative : — 
 
 Pure optative, 606. 
 Remote deliberative, 620. 
 With dv carried on, 1048. 
 
 — mild order, 1049, 1394- 
 
 Infinitive : — 
 Consecutive, 15, 481, 569. 
 
 — epexegetic, 217,307.621.640, 
 950. 9&I, 1263. 
 
 147 
 
 After dapaos, 980. 
 
 Accusative infinitive, oblique 
 
 petition, 27. 
 — exclamatory, 1662. 
 
 after vapfc/ctvaafjiivost I4aii 
 Participle :-~~ 
 Attraction, \vii. 
 Causal, 912. 
 Conditional, 964. 
 Genitive absolute, harsh, 1 298. 
 
 INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 Aigiplanktos, 303. 
 Alexandros, 61. 
 Apia, 256. 
 Arachnaios, 309. 
 Argos, I. 
 Artemis, 135. 
 Asklepios, 1022. 
 Asopos, 297. 
 Athos, 285. 
 Aulis, 191. 
 
 Chalkis, 190, 
 Chryseis, 1439. 
 
 Euripos, 293. 
 
 Geryon, 871. 
 Gorgopis, 303. 
 
 Helenos, 409. 
 Hermaios, 283, 
 
 Ida, 281. 
 leios, 146. 
 Iphigeneia, 151. 
 Itys, 1145. 
 
 Kalchas, 122. 
 Kithairon, 298. 
 Kronos, 170. 
 
 Leda, 914, 
 
 Makistos, 289. 
 Menelaos, 42. 
 Messapios, 293. 
 Mykenae, 1. 
 
 Orestes, 880. 
 Orion, 967. 
 Ouranos, 170. 
 
 Paian, 146. 
 Philomela, 1145. 
 Pleisthenes, 1569. 
 Prokne, 1145. 
 Pylades, 880. 
 
 Saronic gulf, 306. 
 Seirios, 967. 
 Simoeis, 695. 
 Strophios, 880. 
 Strymon, 193. 
 
 Tereus, 1145. 
 Thyestes, 1096. 
 Timanthes, 241. 
 Tyndareus, 83. 
 
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