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 THE UNITED STATES 
 GRAPHITE COMPANY 
 
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 SAGFNAW. MFCHIGAN, U.S. A. 
 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2017 with funding from 
 Columbia University Libraries 
 
 https://archive.org/details/usgcosmexicangraOOunit 
 
U.SG.Co's. Mexican 
 
 GRAPHITE PAM 
 
 Its uses and users' 
 
 THE UNITED STATES 
 GRAPHITE COMPANY 
 
 GENERAL OFFICES AND FACTORY 
 
 SAGI MAW MICHIGAN, U. S. A 
 
 MIKES IN S O N OR A, MEXICO 
 
♦ 
 
Copyright 1414 By 
 
 THE UNITED STATES GRAPHITE COMPANY 
 Saginaw, Michigan. IJ. S. A. 
 

 INTRODUCTORY 
 
 EALIZING that in treating of paints— 
 especially of what are termed protec- 
 tive paints — the tendency with many 
 is to theorize rather than to deal with 
 actualities concerning the particular 
 paint under consideration, we offer 
 within the pages of this booklet only 
 such facts pertaining to the Graphite Paint which we 
 make, as have been established beyond a doubt by au- 
 thentic data collected by ourselves during the years of 
 our experience, and in presenting these facts — and they 
 are facts — it will be observed that we talk right from the 
 shoulder in good, plain English avoiding as far as possible 
 the technical verbiage which has more significance in the 
 Laboratory than in the Office and which is ofttimes em- 
 ployed by Manufacturers of questionable integrity to 
 masquerade a nostrum as the real thing. 
 
 The different structures herein reproduced will not 
 only convey some idea of the varied and extensive use 
 of U. S. G. Co.'s Mexican Graphite Paint but will also 
 serve as prima facie evidence of the fact that this paint 
 is favorably regarded by Architects and Engineers of 
 national repute. 
 
 We hope that our effort in this direction may be 
 of some service to those in search of a paint which 
 really protects. 
 
 THE UNITED STATES GRAPHITE COMPANY 
 Saginaw, Michigan, U. S. A. 
 
u . s 
 
 . G . 
 
 Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN 
 
 GRAPHITE 
 
 PAINT 
 
 ■ 
 
 ■ ■ ■ 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 ■ 
 
 About Graphite 
 
 
 8 14 
 
 Two Formations of Graphite 
 
 Amorphous vs. “Flake” Graphite 
 
 Uniform Purity of Mexican Graphite 
 
 Mexican Graphite Peculiarly Adapted to Paint Making 
 
 Mexican Graphite as a Pigment 
 Objections to “Flake” Graphite as a Pigment 
 Artificial “Graphite” 
 
 Our Vehicle 16 
 
 Use of Dryers Minimized 
 
 The Color 16-18 
 
 Our Five Standard Colors 
 
 The Covering Power 18 
 
 How to Estimate Quantity Needed 
 
 The True Measure of Paint Economy 20 
 
 Condensed Information 22 
 
 A Few Letters from Satisfied Users of U. S. G. Co’s 
 
 Mexican Graphite Paint 24 30 
 
 Approved by the U. S. Navy Department 
 Approved by the U. S. War Department 
 For Surfaces Exposed to Chemical Action 
 For Bridges, Structural Steel, etc. 
 
 For Roofs and Stand-Pipes 
 
 For Mill, Smoke-Stack and Vessel Painting 
 
 For Elevator Painting 
 
 For Gas Holder Painting 
 
 Comparative Analysis of Several Widely Advertised Brands 
 
 of Graphite Paint 32-36 
 
 Specifications for Proper Graphite Painting 38 
 
 Size of Packages 38 
 
 6 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 7 
 
 Kohl Building Hyman Building Keil Building Baruch Building 
 
 San Francisco, California 
 
U S G Co’s 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 ABOUT GRAPHITE 
 
 LT HOUGH graphite — also called plumbago and 
 black lead — is perhaps applied to a greater diver- 
 sity of uses than any other mineral, we probably 
 know it best in the form of common, ordinary, 
 every-day “lead” pencils, where, as we all know, 
 it is the whole thing, for a pencil is good or bad 
 as the graphite of which it is made is uniformly pure or otherwise. 
 
 Some of us, too, know it in the form of graphite paint and 
 favorably or unfavorably as our experience has been with paint 
 made from pure or impure graphite. 
 
 There are two formations of graphite — Crystalline or “flake” 
 i wo and Amorphous or “non-structural.” It is the latter which must 
 Formations used for pencil making and which for reasons hereinafter given 
 
 of Graphite i i i - 
 
 is conceded the superior for paint purposes. 
 
 To be suited to pencil making graphite must be pure — uniformly 
 pure — and capable of the most minute pulverization so as to permit 
 of its intimate incorporation with other materials which, it will be 
 observed, are the same considerations essential to good paint mak- 
 ing graphite. 
 
 Flake graphite is not available for pencil making because it is 
 incapable of fine pulverization and this is one reason why its pres- 
 Amorphous ence i n paint is undesirable. Further objections will be stated later. 
 
 Amorphous graphite on the other hand is susceptible of reduc- 
 (.raphite tion 1° impalpable and gritless fineness and is of a nature to combine 
 readily and intimately with other materials — in pencil making with 
 clays and in paint grinding with the vehicle. 
 
 Thus far, however, it has not been found possible to produce a 
 satisfactory pencil with artificial graphite which though amorphous 
 in nature seems to lack uniformity and to contain more or less grit, 
 probably due to the fact that Man, clever as he is, cannot trans- 
 form coal into as good graphite as is produced in Nature’s Labora- 
 tory. 
 
 Purity and 
 Absolute 
 Uniformity 
 of 
 
 Mexican 
 
 Graphite 
 
 Regarding, then, the pencil as the graphite product most sensi- 
 tive to impurities and lack of uniformity in the graphite used in its 
 production and considering the loss which must fall on the pencil 
 maker through the presence of even a small percentage of objection- 
 able foreign matter in even a single batch of leads, there is consider- 
 able significance in the fact that for the past fifteen years not less 
 than eighty per cent, of the World’s pencil graphite has been taken 
 from one mine and that mine, located in the State of Sonora, Mexico, 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Meyerstein & Rothchild Building 
 San Francisco, California 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 is owned and operated by ourselves. This means that all of the 
 larger pencil makers both in this country and abroad are and have 
 for years been under contract with The United States Graphite Com- 
 pany for the most important material entering into the manufacture 
 of their product- — and why? Simply because experience has taught 
 them to look to us for the best which with them stands for purity 
 and absolute uniformity — otherwise hard, gritty pencils with the 
 attending loss must inevitably result. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE 
 
 As has been intimated, the inherent qualities of graphite suit- 
 able for pencil or paint making are identical one with the other — 
 that is to say the graphite best adapted to either use must be 
 (1) pure, (2) susceptible of minute pulverization, (3) of a nature 
 Peculiar^ to incorporate intimately with other materials and (4) absolutely 
 \dapte<Mo un j|- orm j n gjj these respects. 
 
 Making Our relation to the pencil industry of the World has already 
 been stated and in itself is good evidence that we have the right 
 sort of a pigment on which to build a graphite paint possessing in 
 the greatest degree all of the many advantages afforded by carbon 
 coatings — and that is exactly what we offer in 
 
 U. S. G. CO’S MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 The pigment in this paint is Mexican Graphite mined by our- 
 selves, amorphous in formation and analyzing 85 per cent, pure 
 natural graphite — this we guarantee. 
 
 It is an absolutely inert substance which, by reason of its 
 purity, is impervious to any known exposure — that is to say besides 
 exerting no destructive influence on the vehicle or corrosive action 
 on metal it is unaffected by smoke, water, brine, acids, alkali, 
 extreme temperatures, steam, moisture, sulphur fumes or, in fact, 
 by any chemical or climatic condition thus constituting the ideal 
 protective pigment. 
 
 o/tphit" Amorphous in formation, Mexican Graphite can be and is 
 ■ pulverized and air-floated (by a special process of our own) to an 
 impalpably fine and gritless powder which is then re-ground in 
 oil with which, being finely divided, it unites readily and so inti- 
 mately that when finally reduced to ready-for-use consistency it 
 does not, like graphite (?) pigments carrying a large percentage 
 of silica, etc., precipitate to a hard mass at bottom of package. Its 
 light specific gravity also contributes to this end. 
 
 The action of crystalline or flake graphite, however, is very 
 different for unlike the amorphous product it is, by reason of its 
 fibrous-like micaceous nature, both an exceptionally difficult ma- 
 
 10 
 
Stockton National Bank Electrical Building 
 
 Stockton. California San Francisco, California 
 
 U . S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 11 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Objections 
 
 to 
 
 “Flake** 
 Graphite 
 as a 
 Pigment 
 
 The 
 
 “Fish Scale’* 
 Theory 
 Exploded 
 
 With 
 Regard to 
 Artificial 
 “Graphite** 
 
 terial to grind to even a reasonable degree of fineness and utterly 
 incapable of the uniform reduction so essential in a pigment intended 
 to fonn the base of a protective paint. Then, too, no matter how 
 finely pulverized it remains always a “flake” similar in form to 
 finely divided mica or fish scales, a formation which the reader 
 will recognize as less capable than air-floated amorphous graphite 
 of combining with the vehicle in such a way as to result in the 
 solid, opaque paint film necessary for the exclusion of moisture 
 and gases from the surface which it covers and is supposed to 
 protect. 
 
 Furthermore a microscopic examination of a paint film carry- 
 ing crystalline graphite will reveal the fact that instead of over- 
 lapping each other and disposing of themselves in a manner similar 
 to shingles on a roof or scales on a fish, as is alleged by a certain 
 prominent maker of graphite paint, the sharp edges of these little 
 scale-like flakes protrude after the vehicle has become oxidized 
 thus creating a rough and more or less porous coating which catches 
 and absorbs moisture thereby permitting it, together with destruc- 
 tive gases, to penetrate to and corrode the surface which it is 
 desired to protect, this condition being apparent even when two 
 and three coats have been applied. 
 
 So all things considered, it is evident that graphite of the 
 crystalline or flake variety is less desirable for paint purposes than 
 amorphous or non-structural gr a] flute. 
 
 Of amorphous graphites there arc (if one wishes to regard 
 “graphitized” anthracite coal or “artificial graphite” as graphite) 
 two sorts — (1) natural and (2) artificial. 
 
 The one is produced by Nature, the other by Man. 
 
 We have already seen that the manufacturers of that graphite 
 product most sensitive to the presence of foreign matter and lack 
 of uniformity, the lead pencil, continue in the use of natural graphite 
 notwithstanding that the price of the artificial product is consid- 
 erably less — a fact of no little significance when it is further known 
 that we ourselves could purchase this “graphite” made from anthra- 
 cite coal for less than it costs us to mine in Mexico, transport to 
 Michigan and prepare for use the graphite of which U. S. G Co.'s 
 Mexican Graphite Paint is made. 
 
 Then, too, although it is true that in some cases this artificial 
 graphite will analyze as high as 90 or even 95 per cent, “carbon,” 
 it is questionable whether all of the same is really graphite carbon 
 or whether a large percentage is merely anthracite coal which in 
 the laboratory also tests as carbon and which therefore, when 
 ground in connection with graphite, cannot easily be distinguished 
 therefrom. 
 
 12 
 
Chamber of Commerce Building 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 U S G Cos. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 13 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Easily 
 Confuslble 
 with 
 Other 
 Forms 
 of Carbon 
 
 How 
 A nthraclte 
 Coal May 
 Test as 
 Carbon 
 
 Stability of 
 Artificial 
 (Graphite as 
 a Pigment 
 Only 
 Theoretical 
 
 Purity 
 
 Always 
 
 Paramount 
 
 This peculiarity was recently brought to our attention in the 
 following rather amusing manner: 
 
 In responding to a request from a paint manufacturer for 
 samples and prices of cheap graphite in the dry form among the 
 samples we submitted were two qualities of graphite foundry 
 facings, one containing about 25 per cent, and the other about 40 
 per cent, graphitic carbon the former, of course, being the less 
 expensive. Upon having these samples analyzed our customer, 
 to his surprise, received from his chemist a report showing the lower 
 priced product to carry nearly 60 per cent, graphitic carbon. 
 
 Here is the explanation: 
 
 The facing containing 25 per cent, graphite was made by grind- 
 ing together one ton graphite ore (analyzing 75 per cent, graphitic 
 carbon), one ton crude soapstone and one ton anthracite coal 
 screenings. Thus in three tons of product there were 75 units of 
 graphitic carbon or an average of 25 per cent, for each ton. Count- 
 ing the coal, however, as 100 per cent, carbon there were 175 units 
 of carbon per three tons of product or an average of about 58 per 
 cent, “carbon” (reported by their chemist as graphitic carbon) 
 instead of only 25 per cent, as claimed by ourselves. 
 
 With the foregomg facts we will leave the reader to draw his 
 own conclusions as to the relative values for paint purposes of 
 natural amorphous graphite analyzing 85 per cent, graphitic carbon 
 and artificial graphite analyzing 90 per cent, “carbon,” adding only 
 that while the natural product has been in use for a great many 
 years and thus has to its credit the infallible test of time, the arti- 
 ficial graphite pigment is of recent creation and its stability is as 
 yet but a matter of theory. 
 
 The question of purity, however, should always be paramount 
 for obviously if not pure a graphite pigment must contain other 
 substances — silica, iron, barytes, anthracite carbon, etc. — which, 
 not being impregnable under all conditions as is graphite, are a source 
 of weakness. 
 
 True, some paint makers claim the presence of silica and 
 similar materials as desirable but upon investigation it will invari- 
 ably be found that the natural impurities carried by the ore from 
 which their pigment is ground are the very elements argued as 
 beneficial — certainly a strange, not to say convenient, coincidence 
 and yet easily explainable when one considers that it would cost 
 money to eliminate these impurities. 
 
 The pigment in U. S. G. Co.'s Mexican Graphite Paint is, as 
 previously stated, natural graphite guaranteed 85 per cent. pure. 
 
 Having now quite thoroughly discussed the different graphite 
 pigments we desire to direct attention to the care exercised by 
 
 14 
 
U . S . G . Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 2 
 
 2 o 
 ± 3 
 
 » "3 
 
 3 - 
 
 C. 3 
 
 - •< 
 
 3“ Z 
 
 3* ir 
 
 3 
 
 73 
 
 o 
 
 3 * 
 
 << 33 
 
 — C 
 
 -*■ c. 
 
 *1 
 
 p 53 
 » C 
 
 W CA 
 A 
 
 « 2 
 
 2 » 
 3 3 
 
 CA 
 
 7 : o 
 2. ^ 
 o 
 
 15 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Regarding 
 the Vehicle 
 
 About Our 
 Linseed 
 Oil 
 
 Use of 
 Dryers 
 Minimized 
 
 Graphite 
 
 Paint 
 
 Specialists 
 
 ourselves in preparing the vehicle used in U. S. G. Co.'s Mexican 
 Graphite Paint and combining it with the pigment. 
 
 Fortunately our consumption of linseed oil is so considerable 
 that for some years past we have been able to contract for the entire 
 output of one of the best equipped plants in the Northwest wherein 
 we enjoy the advantage of having this most important of paint 
 materials made under our own specifications and supervision and 
 of the very best selected Northwestern flaxseed, thus being assured 
 of an absolutely uniform oil eliminated of all impurities and 
 sufficiently aged to render it first-class in every respect. 
 
 We have also originated a special method of treatment which 
 so improves the drying properties of linseed oil as to afford satis- 
 faction in this regard without that excessive use of japans and 
 dryers which tends to shorten the life of paint so materially. 
 
 Then, too, besides enjoying these exceptional facilities for 
 securing just the right sort of raw materials we have the further 
 advantage of a plant especially designed and equipped for the manu- 
 facture of graphite paint — for we make graphite paint only. Our 
 pulverizers and separators are of a type peculiarly adapted to the 
 proper reduction of graphite ore. Our mills are the kind that grind 
 and incorporate a graphite pigment with its vehicle most intimately. 
 Our mixers are thorough in their work. Our laboratory is com- 
 plete. Men of experience are in charge. Every precaution is taken 
 to ensure a high-grade paint. Nothing is left to chance. 
 
 So as specialists in graphite paint our undivided attention is 
 centered on its proper production and the believer in graphite paint- 
 ing may consistently look to us for the best. 
 
 THE COLOR 
 
 Introduction 
 of Coloring 
 Pigments 
 Detract from 
 Durability 
 
 Sometimes prospective purchasers of paint are inclined to give 
 preference to the lighter colors as perhaps more pleasing to the eye, 
 and to meet this demand a few paint grinders have attempted the 
 absurdity of preparing a line of light color graphite (?) paints. 
 
 The natural color of graphite, a dark slate (see our Color A), 
 can only be changed by the introduction of coloring pigments in 
 quantity sufficient to produce the desired shade which of necessity 
 reduces the percentage of graphite in the finished paint thus pro- 
 portionately detracting from its protective value. 
 
 It is our opinion that for such structures as are usually painted 
 with graphite paint color is a secondary consideration. In any 
 event we regard a dark color as preferable, for in the smoky, grimy, 
 greasy atmosphere of a manufacturing or railroad district light- 
 colored surfaces soon become soiled and streaky — so we don’t 
 
U S , G Co’s 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Stevens Point, Wisconsin, Post Office 
 Mansfield, Ohio, Post Office 
 Alpena, Michigan, Post Office 
 
 James Corse. Contractor, Racine, Wisconsin 
 
 17 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Our Five 
 Standard 
 Colors 
 
 What is 
 Cover! nil 
 Power?” 
 
 Thin Coats 
 vs. 
 
 Thick Coals 
 
 How 
 Thin CoatN 
 Reduce 
 First Cost 
 and 
 Minimize 
 Cost of 
 Maintenance 
 
 Covers 
 1,000 
 Square Feet 
 Per Gallon 
 
 How to 
 Estimate 
 Quantity 
 Needed 
 
 attempt the lighter shades but just make five good, durable colors: 
 Color A (natural color), Color C (jet black), 
 
 Color B (dark green), Color D (dark brown). 
 
 Color E (red) 
 
 Ask for our Color Card. 
 
 COVERING POWER 
 
 The term “covering power” as here employed refers to the 
 ability of a paint to form, when spread over a certain fixed area, a 
 film or coating of sufficient body and opacity to afford effective 
 protection to the surface which it covers. 
 
 A paint which will bring about this result with a thin coat is 
 clearly more economical than one which must be applied thickly. 
 
 Both the first cost and the cost of maintenance are less. 
 
 For even though prices per gallon be the same a paint that 
 will effectually cover two squares of surface for every one square 
 which its competitor will cover is of a certainty less in first cost 
 and the cost of maintenance is minimized because thin coats ol 
 proper body and opacity are, for the following reasons, more durable 
 than thick coats. 
 
 The more “brushing out” a paint will stand the better will it 
 dry and more fit will it be to unite with subsequent coats. Thick 
 paint films instead of knitting together in the formation of one 
 homogeneous coating have a tendency to separate and crack par- 
 ticularly when applied to constantly contracting and expanding 
 metal surfaces. 
 
 U. S. G. Co.'s Mexican Graphite Paint under normal weather 
 conditions will effectively coat approximately 1,000 square feet of 
 smooth metal per gallon and other surfaces, wood or metal, in pro- 
 portion according to condition and the skill of the painter. This 
 is about three times the covering power of red lead and twice that 
 of “mineral” paints; in other words to be equally low in first cost 
 lead paints must be purchased at one-third and mineral paints at 
 one-half the price of our product. In estimating one’s require- 
 ments, however, due allowance should be made for waste of paint, 
 complexity of architecture, class of labor employed, weather con- 
 ditions, etc., which, in the hands of a painter of average skill makes 
 the per gallon covering power of U. S. G. Co.’s Mexican Graphite 
 Paint approximately as follows: 
 
 First Coat Second Coat 
 Dressed lumber or old painted wood 400 sq. ft. 550 sq. ft. 
 
 Rough, scaly or rusty metal surface 750 sq. ft. 900 sq. ft. 
 
 Smooth or new metal surface 900 sq. ft. 900 sq. ft. 
 
 and other surfaces, wood or metal, in proportion according to con- 
 dition. 
 
 18 
 
Briar Cliff Manor Addition, New York, N. Y. 
 Terry & Tench Co., Contractors 
 
 Evanston Public Library, Evanston. Illinois 
 
 19 
 
u . s 
 
 MEXICAN 
 
 G . Co’s. 
 
 GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Thus it is seen that U. S. G. Co.’s Mexican Graphite Paint 
 possesses, by virtue of its purity, both the covering power essential 
 to reasonable first cost and the durability imperative to low cost 
 of maintenance. 
 
 PAINT ECONOMY 
 
 It has been well said that — 
 
 “The economic value of a paint is the sum total of the cost 
 of the material and its application divided by the number of times 
 of renewal within a given term of years.’’ 
 
 Roughly speaking but one-third of the cost of painting is 
 consumed in the purchase of paint materials about two-thirds 
 going for the labor of application, so the true measure of paint 
 The True economy is not price per gallon but years of service for the labor 
 Measure of costs of applving good paint and poor paint are the same. 
 
 Paint 
 
 Economy Assuming, then, that of a certain sum — say $150.00 — expended 
 in painting a given surface but one-third ($50.00) goes for the paint 
 itself, it is clear that even by cutting the per-gallon price in two the 
 first cost of the job is reduced only $25.00, which is about 16 per 
 cent, of the total outlay. 
 
 Now consider — - 
 
 Is this 16 per cent, really saved? 
 
 In using cheap paint one expects to sacrifice quality. You 
 can’t buy a silk dress at calico prices. When you buy paint at one- 
 half the price asked by reputable manufacturers for good paint you 
 now the are apt to get even less than half value which would mean perhaps 
 item <>f f our renewals as against two within a period of say fifteen years. 
 
 I abor B - 
 
 Affects the In the instance above cited this would represent the outlay of 
 cost .»f §500.00 as against $300.00 or an average yearly cost of mainten- 
 ance of S33.33 as against S20.00 — an increase of 66 per cent.; in 
 other words to reduce first cost sixteen per cent, the cost of maintenance 
 is increased sixty-six per cent, by reason of the expense attending 
 two extra renewals. 
 
 So much with regard to the painting of surfaces accessible for 
 renewal coats. The protection of inaccessible surfaces such as the 
 steel skeletons of our modem skyscrapers is, we are sure the reader 
 will agree, of even greater importance for here the risk involved 
 RcsponlaVe through weakening by corrosion is so enormous as to warrant every 
 Maker possible precaution. Only paint of demonstrated merit made by 
 a manufacturer of known and unquestioned integrity should be 
 considered. 
 
 20 
 
U . S . G . Co's. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Northern Michigan Power Company, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan 
 Gottfried Brewing Company, Chicago, Illinois 
 
 21 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 First Cos* 
 anti 
 (lost of 
 M aintenancc 
 
 IN A NUTSHELL 
 
 i on.icnsed you will secure in U. S. G. Co.'s Mexican Graphite Paint a protective 
 
 Information . . . 
 
 coating of 
 
 ( 1 ) reasonable first cost 
 
 (2) low cost of maintenance 
 
 (3) maximum durability 
 
 (4) proper covering power 
 
 (5) satisfactory drying properties 
 
 (6) excellent working qualities 
 
 Reasonable first cost because of reasonable price and large cover- 
 ing power. 
 
 Low cost of maintenance because of durability. 
 
 Maximum durability because our Mexican Graphite by reason 
 of its uniform purity is an absolutely inert pigment and as such 
 not only has no deleterious effect on oil and no corrosive action 
 on metal, but is absolutely unaffected by smoke, water, brine, acids, 
 alkali, extreme temperatures, steam, moisture, sulphur fumes or, 
 in fact, by any chemical or climatic condition. Then, too, as has 
 already been pointed out, it is susceptible of minute pulverization 
 and of such a nature as to combine readily and intimately with the 
 vehicle which consists of pure linseed oil made under our own 
 specifications and supervision and specially treated in a manner 
 to ensure satisfactory drying with minimum use of dryers. Its 
 elasticity permits its use on metal surfaces without cracking, scaling 
 or peeling with the contraction and expansion of the surface which 
 it covers. It is adhesive. 
 
 Proper covering power because it may be spread over a greater 
 than ordinary area and still form an opaque and waterproof coating 
 of good body — a coating which will unite homogeneously with sub- 
 sequent applications. 
 
 Satisfactory drying properties because it will dry within, a reason- 
 able length of time without the excessive use of strong dryers. 
 
 Excellent working qualities because it will spread easily on iron, 
 steel or galvanized iron surfaces without running even in cold 
 weather and does not settle hard in bottom of package. 
 
 In substantiation of these claims we have on file a great many 
 letters which have been written to us from time to time by satisfied 
 users of the paint which we make. 
 
 A few of these letters are printed on the following pages. 
 
 I>urahilir> 
 
 Covering 
 
 Power 
 
 Drying 
 
 Properties 
 
 Working 
 
 Qualities 
 
 Testimonial 
 
 Letters 
 
Philadelphia & Reading Coal and Iron Company Dock, Superior Wisconsin 
 Savannah Brewing Company, Savannah, Georgia 
 
 If O ("* fn’c 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 23 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY 
 
 Approved 
 by the 
 U. S. Navy 
 Department 
 
 Address Bureau of Equipment, Navy Department, 
 and Refer to No. 190,451 
 
 Washington, D. C., Feb. 2, 1909. 
 
 The United States Graphite Co., 
 
 Saginaw, Michigan. 
 
 Gentlemen: 
 
 1. The Bureau informs you that, after a careful comparison of graphite 
 paints at the Navy Yard, New York, it has found your product to be equal 
 in efficiency and durability to others of its class. 
 
 2. This comparison will be considered in the award of future contracts. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 (Signed) Wm. S. Coulis, 
 
 Chief of Bureau of Equipment. 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 Office of Chief of Ordinance 
 
 Approved 
 by the 
 U. S. War 
 Department 
 
 Washington, May 14, 1907. 
 
 The United States Graphite Co., 
 
 Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 Gentlemen: 
 
 Referring to your letter of June 12, 1906 (17 883— 127), 1 am instructed 
 by the Chief of Ordinance to enclose herewith report of the test of the paints 
 therein referred to. A circular letter has been sent to the Ordinance estab- 
 lishments authorizing them to consider your special green paint and special 
 drab paint in competition with others for use on guns and gun carriages. It 
 is of course understood that the paint they are authorized to consider shall be 
 tfce same as that tested. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 (Signed) Lamson M. Fuller, 
 
 Major, Ord. Dept., U. S. A. 
 
 CITY OF CLEVELAND 
 
 Department of Charities and Corrections 
 
 United States Graphite Co., Cleveland, Ohio, Nov. 14, 1892. 
 
 Saginaw, E. S., Mich. 
 
 Gentlemen: 
 
 \s a We are pleased to advise you that your paint which we applied to the 
 Roof Paint roofs cf our buildings has given entire satisfaction thus far and we think it 
 will show an endurance that will amply justify your claim for economy. 
 
 Yours, etc., 
 
 (Signed) W. S. Patterson, 
 
 Superintendent. . 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA ICE COMPANY, Ltd. 
 
 Altoona, Pa., June 5, 1893. 
 
 The United States Graphite Co., 
 
 Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 Gentlemen: 
 
 During March we purchased from you a considerable quantity of Graphite 
 Paint and since then have used it very extensively in and about our factory, 
 Unaffected and we desire to say that it has given us the utmost satisfaction and is superior 
 by Brine, in every way to any paint we have ever used. 
 
 Steam or We have used it upon our steam, brine and ammonia pipes, and as far 
 
 Ammonia as we are able to judge the paint remains unchanged in appearance and is not 
 affected in any way. 
 
 We take pleasure in recommending it to those who desire a paint that 
 is proof against heat, moisture or brine. 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
 (Signed) Pennsylvania Ice Co., Ltd. 
 
 F. H. Seely, Mgr. 
 
 24 
 
Smelter at Garfield, Utah 
 American Smelting & Refining Company 
 
 U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 SWIFT & COMPANY 
 Union Stock Yards 
 
 The United States Graphite Co., Chicago, Dec. 26th, 1892. 
 
 Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 Gentlemen: 
 
 We have tried many kinds of protective paints for exposed iron work and 
 find your Graphite Paint gives us the best satisfaction. 
 
 Yours respectfully, 
 
 (Signed) H. A. Bower, 
 
 Master Mechanic. 
 
 UNION STOCK YARD & TRANSIT CO. 
 
 OF CHICAGO, ILL. 
 
 U. S. Graphite Co., Chicago, Dec. 20, 1902. 
 
 Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 Gentlemen: 
 
 As requested by you, we have tested your graphite paint by applying it 
 to the screens in the sheep house where it comes in contact with the fumes of 
 ammonia, and are pleased to say that it has stood the test better than any- 
 thing we have ever used heretofore. The bbl. order given you recently will 
 assure you that the same was satisfactory. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 (Signed) W. G. Morgan, 
 
 Acting Purchasing Agent. 
 
 CHICAGO BRIDGE AND IRON CO. 
 
 Chicago, August 28th, 1902. 
 
 United States Graphite Co., 
 
 Fur Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 Structural Gentlemen: 
 
 Steel We take pleasure in stating to you that after five years experience with 
 
 Mexican Graphite Paint as manufactured by you we find it thoroughly satis- 
 factory and expect to continue its use indefinitely. 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 (Signed) Chicago Bridge & Iron Co., 
 
 By Henry W. Wilder, Sec’y. 
 
 WISCONSIN BRIDGE AND IRON CO. 
 
 U. S. Graphite Co., North Milwaukee, Wis., Nov. 7, 1902. 
 
 Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 Gentlemen: 
 
 In reply to yours of the 17th inst. we are pleased to state that we have 
 used the Mexican Graphite Paint for over five years, and are satisfied that 
 it is as good as any graphite paint manufactured. We are using it wherever 
 no other paint is specifically called for in specifications. 
 
 Yours respectfully, 
 
 (Signed) Wisconsin Bridge & Iron Co., 
 
 By H. A. Wagner, 
 
 Sec’y and Treas. 
 
 Efficient 
 
 Under 
 
 Severe 
 
 Kxposure 
 
 KENWOOD BRIDGE CO. 
 
 U. S. Graphite Co., Chicago, Nov. 19, 1902 
 
 Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 F«r Gentlemen: 
 
 Bridge We beg to say in response to your inquiry that we have used your Mexican 
 Painting Graphite Paint for several years and found that it has given very general satis- 
 faction and take pleasure in giving you this testimonial. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 (Signed) Kenwood Bridge Co., 
 
 By F. W. Barker, 
 
 President. 
 
 26 
 
U . S . G . Go’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Tenth Avenue Bridge, Minneapolis, Minnesota 
 Coal Docks, Duluth, Missabe & Northern R. R. Co. 
 
 27 
 
II c P p n ’«! 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 MICHIGAN MILLING CO. 
 
 Ann Arbor, Mich., Tan. 10, 1908. 
 
 The United States Graphite Co., 
 
 Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 Dear Sirs: 
 
 We have for a number of years used your Graphite Paint with good results. 
 We have this year painted five elevators on four of which we have used the 
 Graphite Paint. We would have done so in the fifth case but for a peculiar 
 condition existing. We send with this letter a photograph of our Vernon ele- 
 vator, one of those which we have just painted. This was last painted with 
 Graphite paint, ten years ago, and while the paint had been worn somewhat by the 
 elements the building was still protected from the weather. We make these state- 
 ments as they may be of interest to you. We are, 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 (Signed) Michigan Milling Co., 
 
 Per G. F. Allmendinger, Secretary. 
 
 SAVANNAH BREWING COMPANY 
 
 Savannah, Ga., Dec. 17, 1913. 
 
 The United States Graphite Co., 
 
 Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 Gentlemen: 
 
 In answer to your inquiry beg to say, that we have used your Mexican 
 Graphite paints in every way, on brine tanks, coils, water pipes, and on every- 
 thing that we could think of, and we have found it to be absolutely up to 
 everything that you promised. After a great many years of experience with 
 all kinds of paints, we are candid to say that Mexican Graphite is the very 
 best for purposes for which we have used it, and we will heartily recommend 
 it to anyone desiring a paint that will give absolute satisfaction. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 Savannah Brewing Company. 
 
 W. W. Starr, Manager. 
 
 BRADLEY-RAMSEY LUMBER CO. 
 
 Lake Charles, La., March 3, 1892. 
 
 The United States Graphite Co., 
 
 Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 Gentlemen: 
 
 You may ship us any time within thirty days three barrels of your 
 Graphite Paint, for our mill roofs. Consign same as previous shipments, 
 impervious We find it to be the best material we ever used. Our trouble here has been 
 to Salt Air to get a paint that would be impervious to the peculiarities of the climate, 
 Exposure especially the salt air from the gulf. Your paint does the business to our 
 entire satisfaction. 
 
 Very respectfully yours, 
 
 (Signed) Bradley-Ramsey Lumber Co., 
 
 By Wm. E. Ramsey, President. 
 
 Mexican 
 
 Graphite 
 
 Paine 
 
 Best 
 
 Kesists 
 
 Elements 
 
 for 
 
 Ten Years 
 
 Acceptable 
 to the 
 Governmen t 
 Officials 
 
 JAMES CORSE, GENERAL CONTRACTOR 
 
 Racine, Wis., Jan. 7, 1914. 
 
 The United States Graphite Co., 
 
 Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 Gentlemen: 
 
 In regard to the graphite paint which you have furnished us for almost 
 all the post offices which we have constructed, desire to say that in every instance 
 the material supplied by your firm has been very acceptable to the Government 
 Officials and that we have had no cause of complaint or trouble regarding the 
 same. 
 
 Respectfully, 
 
 James Corse. 
 
 By Wm. F. Kachel, C. E. 
 
 28 
 
United States Government Viaduct, Rock Island, Illinois 
 
 Ralph Modjeska, Chicago, Illinois, Engineer Bayne & Hewitt, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Contractors 
 
 U . S . G . Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 29 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 SANDUSKY GRAIN CO. 
 
 Cheaper than 
 35c. Paint 
 for 
 Elevator 
 Painting 
 
 Sandusky, Mich., June 27, 1908. 
 
 The United States Graphite Co., 
 
 Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 Gentlemen: 
 
 Jn reply to yours of the 25th. Would say that so far we are very well 
 pleased with results of your green Graphite Paint and will very likely need 
 another half-barrel within a short time. 
 
 We are receiving many compliments on the looks of our plant since 
 painting with this color as it is a contrast to the other plants thru this section. 
 Its covering ability is quite remarkable and we think at this price it is much 
 cheaper to cover the surface than with 35c Coal Tar compounds. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 (Signed) Sandusky Grain Co., 
 
 A. L. Chamberlain, Mgr. 
 
 THE INGALLS IRON WORKS CO. 
 
 Cives Entire 
 Satisfaction 
 on Important 
 huildings 
 
 Birmingham, Ala., Dec. 20, 1913. 
 
 The United States Graphite Co., 
 
 Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 Gentlemen: 
 
 Replying to your favor of the 16th, wish to say that we have used your 
 Graphite Paint on some of the most important buildings and structures in this 
 district and it has always given us entire satisfaction. It gives us pleasure to 
 endorse it. 
 
 Yours respectfully, 
 
 The Ingalls Iron Works Company. 
 
 By Wm. F. Thornton, Sec. and Treas. 
 
 Springfield Gas Light Co., 
 
 Springfield, IU. 
 
 Peoria Gas & Electric Co., 
 
 Peoria. 111. 
 
 Evansville Gas & Electric Light Co., 
 
 Evansville, Ind. 
 
 Williamsport Gas Co.. 
 
 Williamsport, Pa. 
 
 Saginaw City Gas Co., 
 
 Saginaw. Mich. 
 
 Bay City Gas Co.. 
 
 Bay City. Mich. 
 
 Kalamazoo Gas Co.. 
 
 Kalamazoo, Mich. 
 
 Pontiac Light Go.. 
 
 Pontiac. Mich. 
 
 Jackson Gas Co., 
 
 Jackson. Mich. 
 
 Office of 
 
 W. H. BARTHOLD, 
 
 Consulting Engineer 
 
 New York, N. Y., 
 
 October 2, 1907. 
 
 CIRCULAR LETTER No. 17 TO MANAGERS OF BRANCHES 
 
 HOLDER PAINT 
 
 Dear Sir: 
 
 After many years experience we have found that the best paint for holders 
 is graphite paint, and we have found, too, that of the different graphite paints 
 on the market that made by The United States Graphite Company is the best. 
 
 For, while it seems at first thought to be a little more expensive than some 
 paints, its greater covering power more than offsets any reasonable difference 
 in price so far as first cost is concerned, and then, too, it is so much more durable 
 that we regard it as the cheapest paint we can buy. 
 
 I wish hereafter you would paint your holders with nothing but U. S. G. 
 Co.’s Mexican Graphite Paint in its natural color. On the guide framing, how- 
 ever, may be used their Color “D” (Dark Brown) as this combination of colors 
 
 30 
 
U S G Cos 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 United States Government Dam, Locks and Bridges 
 Illinois and Mississippi Canal 
 
 31 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 gives the holders a very attractive appearance. This paint should be bought 
 direct from The United States Graphite Co., Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 Before again painting any holders, if you cannot see your way clear to 
 do as above requested, please take the matter up with me. 
 
 Copy to — 
 
 W. R. R. Springfield 
 
 E. W. E. Peoria 
 
 H. D. Evansville 
 
 S. B. S. Saginaw 
 
 S. B. Bay City 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 (Signed) W. H. Barthold. 
 
 F. W. B. Kalamazoo 
 C. A. B. 
 
 '1'. J. W. Pontiac 
 H. M. E. Jackson 
 
 Maile Both 
 Nelil anil 
 Laboratory 
 Tests 
 
 Prior to issuing the above instruction to his Branch Managers 
 Mr. Barthold, besides conducting a number of very thorough and 
 comprehensive field tests stretching over a period of several years, 
 took the additional precaution to submit samples of three of the 
 most widely advertised makes of Graphite Paint (inclusive of our 
 own and all of which had previously been tested in the field) to 
 one of the most prominent chemists in the United States with the 
 following results: 
 
 J. II. MATTHES 
 
 Laboratory for Practical Research and Industrial Development 
 36 LaSalle St. 
 
 Analyses 
 of Several 
 Well Known 
 Brands 
 
 Chicago, 111., Sept. 13, 1907. 
 
 Mr. W. H. Barthold, Consulting Engineer, 
 
 C/o Hodenpyl, Walbridge & Company, 
 
 7 Wall Street, 
 
 New York City. 
 
 Dear Sir: 
 
 We submit the following report on the investigation of three samples of 
 graphite paint recently submitted: 
 
 We have designated the samples as follows: 
 
 #1. U. S.G. Co.'s Mexican Graphite Paint, 
 
 The United States Graphite Co., 
 
 Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 #2. (Name of Maker will be given on request.) 
 
 #3. (Name of Maker will be given on request.) 
 
 The paints will hereafter be designated by their numbers. 
 
 Complete 
 
 Analysis 
 
 Linseed Oil 
 
 1 
 
 per cent. 69 . 35 
 
 —Paint i\o.- 
 2 
 
 57 89 
 
 3 
 
 55 16 
 
 Moisture . . 
 
 “ “ .20 
 
 .40 
 
 .40 
 
 Graphitic Carbon 
 
 24 43 
 
 13 44 
 
 13 68 
 
 Combined Moisture 
 
 “ " .79 
 
 1.60 
 
 .51 
 
 Insoluble Silica 
 
 66 
 
 7 07 
 
 13 56 
 
 Soluble Silica 
 
 1 74 
 
 5 49 
 
 5.48 
 
 Iron Oxide (FejOal 
 
 " “ .33 
 
 1.37 
 
 3.46 
 
 Titanium Oxide (TiOj) 
 
 “ “ .13 
 
 .35 
 
 .66 
 
 Alumina (AhOs) . 
 
 “ “ 1.70 
 
 4.12 
 
 5.74 
 
 Calcium Oxide (CaO) 
 
 “ “ .28 
 
 .35 
 
 .26 
 
 Magnesium Oxide (MgO) . 
 
 .21 
 
 .85 
 
 .22 
 
 Manganese Oxide (MnO) . 
 
 “ “ trace 
 
 .11 
 
 . 16 
 
 Lead Soap from drier . 
 
 “ “ .63 
 
 
 .20 
 
 Manganese Soap from drier 
 
 .05 
 
 
 .39 
 
 Resinate of Lead . 
 
 
 1.50 
 
 
 Resina te of Manganese 
 
 
 1.07 
 
 
 Potassium 
 
 
 trace 
 
 .... 
 
 Rosin 
 
 
 3.84 
 
 .... 
 
 32 
 
New York, New Haven & Hartford R. R. Co. 
 
 33 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Analydia 
 
 of 
 
 Piemen t 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 -Paint No.- 
 
 
 
 Graphitic Carbon 
 
 \ 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Combined Moisture ) 
 
 per cent. 
 
 84 05 
 
 42 60 
 
 32 
 
 27 
 
 Insoluble Silica 
 
 
 2.20 
 
 20 02 
 
 30 
 
 96 
 
 Soluble Silica 
 
 
 “ “ 
 
 5 . 83 
 
 15.54 
 
 12 
 
 51 
 
 Iron Oxide 
 
 ( Fe-.Oa) 
 
 “ “ 
 
 1 10 
 
 3.88 
 
 7 
 
 87 
 
 Titanium Oxide 
 
 (TiO,) . 
 
 “ “ 
 
 .44 
 
 1 .00 
 
 1 
 
 51 
 
 Alumina 
 
 (Al>O s ) 
 
 “ “ 
 
 5.69 
 
 11.68 
 
 13 
 
 54 
 
 Calcium Oxide 
 
 (CaO) . 
 
 “ “ 
 
 .93 
 
 1 .00 
 
 
 60 
 
 Magnesium Oxide 
 
 (MgO) 
 
 
 71 
 
 2.45 
 
 
 49 
 
 Manganese Oxide 
 
 (MnO) 
 
 
 trace 
 
 30 
 
 
 37 
 
 From the an 
 
 alysis it can readily 
 
 be seen that 
 
 Paint 
 
 No. 2 contain 
 
 a 
 
 large amount of clayey matter and also much added silica. The U. S. G. 
 Co.'s Mexican Graphite Paint (No. 1) contains no minerals intentionally 
 added. The residue is an impure clay. Paint No. 3 contains added silica 
 as well as large amounts of clayey matter. It also contains much iron. 
 
 Our tests show that the graphite in Paint Xo. 2 is the coarsest. Other 
 things being equal the more finely ground the pigment, the more uniform 
 will be the coating. We fail to see the superiority of flake graphite as a pig- 
 ment. It is highly improbable that the flakes will arrange themselves in 
 Plnenes* an ever)j symmetrical layer; on the contrary it is very likely that they will 
 of overlap and thus increase the tendency to scale. While the fineness of the 
 Piemen i pigment is an important factor in the quality of the paint, one must not 
 disregard the composition of the pigment when considering the durability 
 of the paint. 
 
 Pure carbon, even lamp-black, ground in good linseed oil, will make an 
 extremely durable coating, the reason for this being that an inert material 
 like carbon surrounding itself with and absorbing large quantities of linseed 
 oil, is better able to stand corrosion than more chemically active materials, 
 such as clays. Analysis shows that in the pigment from Paint No. 2 there 
 is but 38.08% graphite and about an equal anvunt of clay and 20.02% of 
 insoluble silica. Paint No. 3 contains in the pigment 31.10% graphite, about 
 (.r.iphiie the same amount of clay and 30.96% insoluble silica. In the U. S. G. Co.'s 
 vs Mexican Graphite Paint (No. 1) the pigment consists of 81.42% of graphite, 
 
 Silica about 16% clay and 2.20% insoluble silica. From this it must be evident 
 a Piumem that the latter pigment is superior to the other two. It requires from 6 to 8 
 gallons of oil to make 100 pounds of graphite into a paste; whereas, for a 
 like quantity of silica but 2 5/7 gallons are required. Therefore, a paint 
 containing much insoluble silica can be made cheaper than a nearly pure 
 graphite paint, but its value is proportionately lessened. 
 
 Paint No. 
 
 1 2 3 
 
 
 Linseed Oil 
 
 per cent. 98 10 
 “ “ 92 
 
 89 17 
 
 98 40 
 
 
 Unsaponifiable matter 
 
 .86 
 
 .92 
 
 
 Lead Soap 
 
 " “ .89 
 
 
 . 36 
 
 A nalysis 
 
 Manganese Soap . 
 
 09 
 
 2 '33 
 
 .68 
 
 of 
 
 Lead Resinate 
 
 41 44 
 
 
 Vehicle 
 
 Manganese Resinate 
 
 “ “ 
 
 1.68 
 
 
 
 Rosin 
 
 4 4 4 4 
 
 5.96 
 
 
 The carrier in all cases is a linseed oil. In Paint No. 2 the oil has been 
 treated with metallic resinate, thus accounting for the presence of rosin and 
 resinates in the analysis. This gives the oil a dark color but makes it a quick 
 drier although their presence in large quantities is detrimental to the paint. 
 
 Both the U. S. G. Co.’s Mexican Graphite Paint (No. 1) and Paint No. 3 
 contain small percentages of driers but no rosin. In no case was there any 
 mineral oil present, as careful analysis showed, although the samples do 
 contain appreciable quantities of unsaponifiable matter. It is a well-known 
 fact that pure linseed oils do contain small amounts of unsaponifiable matter. 
 We refer to the work of Niegemann in the Chemische Zeitung, page 97, (1904) 
 and of Fahrion in the Zeitschrift fur Angewandt Chemie, page 1193 (1903). 
 
 34 
 

 U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Alton Light & Traction Co., Alton, Illinois 
 Alton, Granite City & St. Louis Traction Co., Mitchell, Illinois 
 
 Kenwood Bridge Co., Chicago, Illinois, Contractors. 
 
 35 
 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Per cent, loss on 1 gram 
 sample Paint No. 
 
 1 2 3 
 
 During 1st 
 
 ten-minute period of ignition 
 
 20.94 
 
 26.68 
 
 37.45 
 
 “ 2nd 
 
 
 ii il ii 
 
 19.03 
 
 16.95 
 
 24 . 03 
 
 Comparison 3rd 
 
 
 it ii .i 
 
 22.90 
 
 19.05 
 
 16 96 
 
 of Heal 4th 
 
 
 
 19.36 
 
 19.02 
 
 07 
 
 Resistance * 5th 
 
 
 
 15.19 
 
 10.39 
 
 
 “ 6th 
 
 
 ii ii «i 
 
 1.50 
 
 1 50 
 
 
 “ 7th 
 
 
 ii ii ii 
 
 04 
 
 20 
 
 
 Our object was to ascertain the relative hardness of the graphites by 
 noting their resistence to heat. The method is as follows: A gram of the 
 purified carbon was weighed into a platinum crucible and the latter heated 
 in a vertical position over a Chaddock burner for exactly ten minutes. After 
 cooling the crucible was weighed and its contents thoroughly stirred with a 
 platinum wire and again ignited for ten minutes. This process was continued 
 until the loss in weight was insignificant. In all cases the same burner and 
 the same flame were used so that our results are comparable with each other. 
 We have expressed our results as the percentage loss of the pure carbon after 
 ignition for successive ten minute periods. 
 
 Our data show that in seventy minutes, practically all of the purified 
 graphite from Paint No. 2 can be burned off; the same is true for the U. S. 
 G. Co.’s Mexican Graphite Paint (No. 1). In thirty minutes the graphite 
 from Paint No. 3 is burned away almost entirely, showing it to be soft and 
 easily consumed. Our work on the composition of these pigments in the 
 combustion furnace has verified the above deductions. 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 (Signed) J. H. Matthes. 
 
 Some Paints 
 “Graphite” 
 in Name 
 Only 
 
 The Presence 
 of Rosin 
 Detrimental 
 
 Necessity 
 of Careful 
 Application 
 
 It will be seen from the foregoing analysis that in Paint No. 2 
 less than one-half and in Paint No. 3 less than one-third of the pig- 
 ment is graphite and that our pigment contains twice as much 
 graphite as the former and nearly three times as much as the latter. 
 
 It will also be observed that as these other brands (names on 
 request) contain less graphite than silica and other substances they 
 are really “graphite” paints in name only — so called in order to help 
 sell them — silica and similar materials being purposely added in 
 order to reduce cost of production. 
 
 As graphite paint, then, ours has twice the value of the one and 
 three times the value of the other. 
 
 Another consideration which we wish to point out is the greater 
 fineness to which our pigment is ground thereby permitting more 
 intimate incorporation with the vehicle and still another is the 
 superior quality of our vehicle which carries no rosin or other life- 
 shortening adulterants. 
 
 There is, however, always this to remember — 
 
 The best of paint may through careless and improper appli- 
 cation be rendered less efficient even than poor paint which has 
 been carefully applied to a properly prepared surface — in fact its 
 value as a protective coating may easily be almost wholly destroyed. 
 
 The application of paint, therefore, should be made after well- 
 thought-out specifications and under intelligent supervision. We 
 offer a few suggestions in this regard on the following page. 
 
Omaha and Council Bluffs Street Railway Bridge, Iowa 
 West Water Street Bridge, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 
 
 U S G Cos. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 37 
 
U . S . G . Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 SPECIFICATIONS FOR 
 PROPER GRAPHITE PAINTING 
 
 Structural Steel or Iron — After removing all mill-scale, dirt, 
 oil, grease and foreign matter of every description by means of 
 wire brushes, scrapers or sand-blast, parts to be enclosed or in 
 contact must be given one coat U. S. G. Co.’s Mexican Graphite 
 Paint; and before exposure to the weather and prior to shipment 
 from mill all structural work shall receive one coat U. S. G. Co.’s 
 Mexican Graphite Paint which must be thoroughly dry before load- 
 ing; after erection another coat of U. S. G. Co.’s Mexican Graphite 
 Paint shall be applied, this last coat to be of a different color than 
 S for Paintin’ l ^ c coat ’ an( i surfaces which have been chafed or imperfectly 
 
 structural covered shall be properly retouched and allowed to dry before 
 
 making subsequent applications. If more than one coat is to be 
 applied after erection sufficient time must be allowed to elapse 
 between coats to permit of perfect drying. No painting shall be 
 
 done in wet weather or on damp surfaces, paint must be kept 
 
 well stirred while in use, application must be made in thin coats 
 well and evenly brushed and all paint must be delivered at the 
 job ready for use in original packages bearing the Trade Mark of 
 The United States Graphite Co., Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 Metal Roofing, Corrugated Iron, Etc.— One coat U. S. G. Co.’s 
 Mexican Graphite Paint shall be applied to under-surface and same 
 must be thoroughly dry before laying; immediately after laying 
 clean thoroughly of all grease, dirt and foreign matter of every 
 description and, if tin, remove all rosin at seams and apply two 
 coats U. S. G. Co.'s Mexican Graphite Paint, the first coat to be 
 thoroughly dry before application of second coat which must be of 
 a different color than the first coat. No painting shall be done in 
 wet weather or on damp surfaces, paint must be kept well stirred 
 while in use, application must be made in thin coats well and evenly 
 brushed and all paint must be delivered at the job ready for use 
 in original packages bearing the Trade Mark of The United States 
 Graphite Co., Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 U. S. G. Co.’s Mexican Graphite Paint is put up in one-half 
 and one-gallon tin pails (packed in cases of six gallons each), five 
 and ten-gallon kits, half-barrels and barrels. 
 
 Specification!! 
 for Painting 
 Metal 
 Roofing, 
 Corrugated 
 Iron, etc. 
 
 Size of 
 Package* 
 
 PRICES ON REQUEST 
 
The Ohio and Colorado Smelting and Refining Company, Salida, Colorado 
 North End Bridge, City of Springfield, Massachusetts 
 
 U . S . G . Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 39 
 
U S G Co's. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Rockefeller Building 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 40 
 
U . S . G . Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Rockefeller Building 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 41 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPH 
 USED ON THIS S TE E L 
 
 hhhmhmhh 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE pain', 
 U5ED ON THU 5T££L iTMCI 
 
 £ unite d, states GRAPHITE CO 
 
 i'J.VAw ■ MlCh. u» 
 
 
 
 
 Schofield Building 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 42 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Schofield Building 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 43 
 
U . S . G . 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE 
 
 Co’s. 
 
 PAINT 
 
 Seventh Street Viaduct, Des Moines, Iowa 
 
 Pittsburg-Des Moines Steel Co., Contractors 
 
 Viaduct, Union Station Association, Detroit, Michigan 
 
 44 
 
ienesee Avenue Bridge, Saginaw, Michigan 
 
 U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 45 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Grand Avenue Bridge, Eau Claire, Wisconsin 
 Zenith Furnace Co., Duluth, Minnesota 
 
 46 
 
The Colorado lee and Cold Storage Company, Denver, Colorado 
 Globe Plant, American Smelting and Refining Company, Denver, Colorado 
 
 47 
 
Staunton Coal Mining Company, Staunton, Illinois 
 Western Coal & Coke Company, Green Bay, Wisconsin 
 
 Kenwood Bridge Company, Chicago, Illinois, Contractors 
 
 48 
 
Hutchinson Chemical & Alkali Company, Hutchinson, Kansas 
 
 Illinois Steel Bridge Company. Kansas City. Missouri, Contractors 
 
 Iola Portland Cement Company of Texas, Dallas, Texas 
 
 Bellefontaine Bridge & Steel Company, Bellefontaine. Ohio, Contractors 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Goal Docks, Two Harbors, Minnesota 
 Duluth & Iron Ranfce R. R. Company 
 
 50 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Newton Street Viaduct 
 Algiers, Louisiana 
 
 Owned by City of New Orleans 
 
 51 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Grand Stand, Anson's Ball Park. Chicago, Illinois 
 John Street Bridge, Appleton, Wisconsin 
 
 52 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Foundry, The Dodge Manufacturing Company, Mishawaka, Indiana 
 Cement Storage Bins, Marquette Cement Manufacturing Co., LaSalle, Illinois 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 St. Vincent's College Theatre 
 John A. Lane Manual Training School 
 Chicago, Illinois 
 
 A. Bolter's Sons, Chicago, Illinois, Contractors 
 
 54 
 
U S G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Sheffield Elevator Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota 
 Jackson Gas Company, Jackson, Michigan 
 
 55 
 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 56 
 
 District of Columbia, Water Works Great- Western Sugar Company 
 
 Washington, D. C. Blackstone Valley Gas and Electric Company Fort-Collins, Colorado 
 
 Pit tsburg-Dcs Moines Steel Co.. Woonsocket. Rhode Island Pittsburg- Des Moines Steel Co. 
 
 Contractors Contractors 
 
Dallas Gas Company Gas Holders San Antonio Gas & Electric Company 
 
 Dallas, Texas San Antonio, Texas 
 
 U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
Clyde Iron Works 
 American Carbolite Company 
 Duluth, Minnesota 
 
 58 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 The Marion Steam Shovel Company 
 Marion, Ohio 
 
 59 
 
II Q C* Pn’d 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Federal Penitentiary. Leavenworth, Kansas 
 Eames & Young. St. I.ouis, Architects 
 interior. Filer & Stowell Company Plant. Milwaukee. Wisconsin 
 
 Wisconsin Bridge & Iron Company. Contractors 
 
 60 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 John C. Liken & Company 
 Sebewaing, Michigan 
 
 61 
 
U . S . G . Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 A Residence Owned by W. T. Cooper, Architect, Saginaw, Michigan 
 The East Saginaw Club 
 
 62 
 
U S . G Co’s. 
 
 MEXICAN GRAPHITE PAINT 
 
 Fire Escapes 
 Harris Safety Company 
 Youngstown, Ohio 
 
 63 
 
SALES 
 
 OFFICES 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 30 Church Street 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 Land Title Building 
 
 ATLANTA 
 
 Candler Building 
 
 PITTSBURG 
 
 Fulton Building 
 
 CLEVELAND . 
 
 . Leader-News Building 
 
 CINCINNATI . First National Bank Building 
 DETROIT . . . Dime Bank Building 
 
 CHICAGO . 
 
 Railway Exchange 
 
 DENVER 
 
 Gas and Electric Building 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO 
 
 Phelan Building 
 
 BERLIN . 
 
 Germany 
 
 FUERTH . 
 
 Bavaria, Germany 
 
 OES'GNED AND PRINTED BY 
 VALLEY PRINTING COMPANY 
 SAGINAW MICHIGAN 
 

 I