PAfc. 
 
 wise. 
 
 ISSS~ 
 
 Jubilee Series 
 
 THEN AND NOW 
 
 IN THE 
 
 PHILADELPHIA BOARD 
 
 The Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society 
 of the Presbyterian Church 
 501 Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia 
 
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 THEN AND NOW. 
 
 THE STORY OF FIFTY YEARS. 
 
 I N 1870 Presbyterians were more averse to 
 innovations than now, and it must have 
 been somewhat in the nature of a shock 
 when the Board of Foreign Missions 
 heard that some women in Philadelphia 
 wanted to organize themselves into a 
 Missionary Society to help—save the mark! 
 —to help that Board with its work among 
 women and children. 
 
 No time was lost by the Board in sending 
 one of its Secretaries, Dr. Irving, from New 
 York, to talk it over with a meeting of pastors 
 and ladies convened for the purpose, and the 
 next month, just as the first article of a tenta¬ 
 tive constitution was read, Dr. J. C. Lowrie 
 of the Board was announced, and addressed 
 the meeting. The minutes record that he 
 questioned the propriety of an independent 
 organization, and thought the work could be 
 more easily, cheaply and better done through 
 the agencies now employed by the Church; 
 but inasmuch as he closed by saying . he 
 thought it safe to leave the matter in the 
 hands of the ladies, the constitution was taken 
 up just where it had been left at his appear¬ 
 ing. One after another the articles were 
 voted upon, and later they were submitted to 
 the Executive Committee of the Board of 
 Foreign Missions for approval. 
 
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 Thus the precious scheme was launched, 
 the Board looking on with alarm, yet with an 
 open mind, the pastors with few exceptions 
 so suspicious that one of them insisted on 
 being present at a meeting in his church, 
 "Because,” he said, "no one knows what these 
 women would pray for if left alone!” and the 
 very sextons asking excitedly, “Is this one of 
 those Woman’s Rights affairs?”—for just 
 then, as now, the air was charged with cries 
 for equal suffrage for women. 
 
 If you expect to hear that the beginnings 
 of our dear Society were small and the 
 progress slow, you will be disappointed, for it 
 seemed to spring full-sized like Minerva from 
 the head of Jupiter. Our first missionaries, 
 Miss Craig and Miss Dickey (afterward Mrs. 
 Tracy), were in India, and in six months after 
 organizing we had under our care more 
 than half the women missionaries connected 
 with the Board of Foreign Missions. One 
 of these, Miss Noyes, is still at work in China. 
 
 The need of a field secretary was realized 
 almost at once, and temporary ones were 
 secured. For twelve years (1873-1885) we 
 were so fortunate as to have Miss Loring, a 
 former missionary in Syria, who is now Mrs. 
 William M. Taylor, of Bartow, Georgia. She 
 still vivaciously describes her perils and pleas¬ 
 ures as she travelled about organizing 718 
 Societies, and we owe her a debt of gratitude. 
 
 We were in such haste to have an Annual 
 Meeting that it was held six months after our 
 organization, though a full year after the 
 
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 3 
 
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 preliminary meetings. Moreover, annual 
 meetings seem not to have been enough, for 
 they were preceded by “Anniversaries,” and 
 followed by semi-annual meetings in October. 
 Is it because our blood runs more sluggishly 
 now that a Biennial Assembly suffices? No, 
 but because our many splendidly organized 
 Synodical and Presbyterial Societies hold 
 meetings well fitted to uplift and educate 
 without the yearly presence of the Parent 
 Society, and thus much money and labor are 
 saved. 
 
 At that first Annual Meeting in Calvary 
 Presbyterian Church, April 27, 1871, sixty- 
 two Auxiliaries and Bands had sprung into 
 existence, supporting fifteen missionaries 
 (besides native teachers and schools), while 
 $4,834 had come into the treasury. To-day 
 we report 4,242 Societies, old and young, and 
 a roll of 301 missionaries. The total receipts 
 for 1918-19 were $307,765, and since we 
 organized they have amounted to over 
 seven and a half millions. 
 
 Although the Board of Foreign Missions 
 eyed us skeptically in those first few months, 
 it is but fair to say that they soon welcomed 
 us blithely as colleagues and somewhat 
 rapidly unloaded upon us new enterprises, 
 which, it seems from the minutes, we invari¬ 
 ably accepted. (I quote from Mrs. S. C. 
 Perkins.) School buildings, homes for mis¬ 
 sionaries, hospitals, type for the Bible in Laos, 
 the purchase of Woodstock in India, a boat 
 for missionary use, medical instruments, 
 
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 famine funds, and, in one instance, the actual 
 founding of a station—all these objects, and 
 many more, were proposed, accepted and 
 accomplished during the first ten or fifteen 
 years of our history. Moreover, having 
 been good, loyal children, and having laid out 
 our work on strictly Presbyterian lines, we 
 had each year cordial endorsement by the 
 General Assembly, and in every report of the 
 Standing Committee on Foreign Missions our 
 labors were distinctly acknowledged and 
 approved: 
 
 Thus events followed fast, yet there were a 
 few things which came so slowly as to be 
 unaccountable did we not remember how our 
 founders shrunk from publicity. There was 
 no printed report the first year save two 
 pages in Woman’s Work for Woman, and 
 when in the second year one of eighty pages 
 was printed, the names of the “Managers” 
 (now called Directors) were not included in 
 the first edition. Was it because of their dis¬ 
 like to see or to have husbands and fathers 
 see their names in print? Again, they record 
 only silent prayer in the minutes of the first 
 meetings—unless indeed a man was brought 
 in to lead in prayer—and in the public meet¬ 
 ings no woman seems to have made an 
 address until in April, 1872, Miss Nassau of 
 Africa, and Mrs, House of Siam, broke the 
 silence. 
 
 But if the prayers were not at first audible, 
 they were none the less incessant, and only 
 by reason of this has the Society thriven. As 
 
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 5 
 
MRS. CHARLES P. TURNER 
 
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 early as 1871, the Managers recommended 
 that the hour between five and six on Sunday 
 evening be devoted to prayer for missionaries 
 and for our efforts to aid them. Since 1874 
 the third Tuesday morning of the month has 
 seen us assembled for the same purpose. 
 Prayers and letters, letters and prayers!—we 
 have been nourished on them and have tried 
 to help the Master feed the five thousand, the 
 many times five thousand of our constituents, 
 with the same angels’ food. 
 
 Speaking of letters, it is pleasant to catch 
 glimpses in the minutes of the excitement 
 caused by receiving the first missionary letter 
 in April, 1871. It was from Miss Hattie 
 Noyes of Canton, unfolding her plans for a 
 Girls’ School and asking that we support it. 
 This request was granted, and to this day the 
 head of True Light Seminary is Miss Noyes. 
 In 1918-19 as many as 13,753 copies of mis¬ 
 sionary letters went out from our office, and 
 a special secretary is needed to oversee their 
 distribution. 
 
 Let me say, in passing, that it was on that 
 same day when the first missionary letter was 
 received that the name of Mrs. Charles P. 
 Turner was proposed as Manager—a day 
 fraught with blessing for many! 
 
 This brings us to our Presidents—there 
 have been but five. Mrs. William E. Schenck, 
 a forceful and discerning woman, was 
 elected at the first organized meeting, 
 and continued in office twenty years. Mrs. 
 Charles P. Turner, her successor, retired after 
 
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 7 
 
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 fourteen years from the presidency, but, to 
 our joy, not from anything else. Shoulder 
 to shoulder has she worked with us, and we 
 feel her influence in every undertaking. Mrs. 
 Charles N. Thorpe, for twenty years a foreign 
 secretary, was our fearless and enterprising 
 president from 1904 till her death in 1910, 
 when Miss Margaret E. Hodge was elected 
 and said to be “the youngest president of the 
 oldest of our Woman’s Boards.” In 1917 
 Miss Hodge resigned, having been asked to 
 take the newly-created office of Executive 
 Secretary of Central Committee, and Mrs. 
 John Harvey Lee was elected president. 
 Mrs. Lee, a busy minister’s wife, one of our 
 foreign secretaries, heeded the call and con¬ 
 sented to be our leader, even though the time 
 was one of war and emergency. Under her 
 presidency we are happily celebrating our 
 fiftieth year. 
 
 Our officers for the most part have served 
 us long as well as faithfully. Mrs. Fishburn 
 was Treasurer from 1875 to 1902, a term of 
 twenty-seven years. Mrs. S. C. Perkins , one 
 of our founders, held many offices in the 
 thirty years before her death. Her “Story 
 of Twenty-five Years” is the story of our 
 first quarter-century, and has been, as you 
 may believe, of great help in preparing this 
 history. Mrs. R. H. Allen, vice-president, 
 was a great power, and is held in' loving 
 memory, as are also Mrs. Z. M. Humphrey , 
 Mrs. D. R. Posey, Mrs. A. L. 1 Massey and 
 others. 
 
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 8 
 
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 Before we leave the subject of our officers, 
 I appeal to those of you who have held office 
 in this Board even as long as seven years— 
 does it not seem as seven days for the love 
 you bear toward it? 
 
 In order to hold property and to strengthen 
 the organization, a charter was obtained in 
 1883, but long before that, through the gen¬ 
 erosity of the Board of Publication, we “read 
 our title clear” to the rooms in which we had 
 set up housekeeping. Before we were two 
 years old the Board of Publication gave us 
 rooms rent-free, first at 1334 Chestnut Street, 
 where Rooms 31 and 25 meant much to us 
 and our missionaries, and since 1898 at the 
 Witherspoon Building, 1319 Walnut Street, 
 where in Rooms 501, 502 and 503, we delight 
 to welcome those of you who call. Here any 
 day you are likely to meet your officers, but 
 you are certain to do so on the first and third 
 Tuesdays of the month at the meeting of the 
 Directors and at the prayer meeting—the 
 latter, as I reminded you, an institution of 
 forty-five years’ standing. Every Tuesday 
 sees the members of the Executive Committee 
 at the Witherspoon Building—and a vision 
 comes to me of a large table whose magic 
 circle leaves no one who touches it the same! 
 
 Do not imagne that your secretaries sit at 
 501 Witherspoon Building and draw salaries. 
 All officers except the treasurer and field 
 secretary are unsalaried, and in their homes, 
 to which your letters are forwarded, they have 
 just such cares as have the rest of you. 
 
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 In 1872 the first presbyterial society was 
 organized, and (to quote again from Mrs. S. 
 C. Perkins) “many a good Presbyterian 
 woman hardly knew what a Presbytery was 
 until there arose a talk about this new kind 
 of a society.” Since then we have added, 
 subtracted, multiplied and divided presby¬ 
 terial societies, until now we stand at seventy- 
 three. In 1886 the North Pacific, and 
 in 1889 the Occidental Branches, were 
 organized into separate Boards, with whom, 
 together with the three other Women’s 
 Boards, we have vital connection by means 
 of a Central Committee. In 1908 the union 
 of the Cumberland Church with our own 
 added new presbyterial societies and brought 
 the number up to the seventy-three. 
 
 There have also been subtraction and addi¬ 
 tion in our foreign field—missions among the 
 North American Indians were transferred to 
 the Home Board in 1873 (just after we had 
 sent them a gift of a barrel of candy, too!) 
 and the Spanish War in 1898 laid the Philip¬ 
 pines on our doorstep. At present we sup¬ 
 port work in sixteen countries—India, China, 
 Japan, Persia, West Africa, Siam, Syria, 
 Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, 
 Chosen, Philippines, Guatemala, and among 
 the Chinese and Japanese in California. 
 
 Watch how swiftly our periodicals were 
 evolved. Six months after our organization, 
 Woman’s Work for Woman, a quarterly, was 
 launched, the Board of the Northwest joining 
 with us in its publication. The next year it 
 
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 10 
 
... 
 
 changed to a bi-monthly, and in 1875 to a 
 monthly, with a subscription list of 10,000. 
 Ten years later it became the organ of all 
 the Woman’s Boards, and was moved to New 
 York. In 1910 Miss Parsons celebrated the 
 twenty-fifth year of her editorship by attend¬ 
 ing the World’s Conference on Missions at 
 Edinburgh, and soon after resigned, when the 
 present editor, Mrs. Henry R. Elliot, was 
 chosen. The subscription list is now 31,193, 
 with a free list to missionaries, libraries, etc., 
 of 1,137. 
 
 As to leaflets, the first one was published 
 in 1872, and the Second Annual Report gives 
 a list of nine publications. Leaflets are now 
 sent out from our office by the thousands, 
 carrying their messages of information and 
 inspiration. 
 
 The Young People’s Work of our Board is 
 almost as old as the Board itself. It must 
 have begun before 1872, for the minutes of 
 that year record that one of the meetings was 
 pleasantly interrupted by four little girls, who 
 bore a box filled with dolls and other articles 
 of their handiwork made for the children of 
 India. Perhaps it was the children’s depart¬ 
 ment in Woman’s Work which inspired them, 
 but, at all events, they were harbingers of a 
 host of others who from Light Bearers, 
 Circle, Christian Endeavor Societv and Guild, 
 have rallied to our aid. When Childrens 
 Work for Children (now Over Sea and Land ) 
 was started in 1875, it was housed in our 
 offices, and was the only children’s missionary 
 
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 magazine in the United States. In 1909 this 
 magazine also was moved to New York, and 
 it is now under the care of the Home and 
 Foreign Boards, with a subscription list of 
 22,000. 
 
 Later, a secretary was appointed to look 
 after Young People’s Work, and at present 
 there are four such to oversee the 2,194 or¬ 
 ganizations which range from Little Light 
 Bearers (babies) up through Bands, Young 
 Women’s Societies and Christian Endeavor 
 Societies, to the studious Chapters and Cir¬ 
 cles of the Westminster Guild and to the 
 Study Classes. 
 
 In 1903 Mission Study Classes were first 
 reported in our territory. Now over 1,000 
 groups each year are studying foreign mis¬ 
 sions. 
 
 In 1909 the Department of Associate 
 Members was started, then known as Home 
 Department, and later as Extension Depart¬ 
 ment. 
 
 The Westminster Guild, started by the 
 Board of the Northwest, soon became a 
 national organization. Our ten Chapters 
 reported in 1909 have grown to 411 contrib¬ 
 uting Chapters and Circles. 
 
 I wish it were the province of this history 
 to recount those more interesting things, the 
 doings on the foreign field. How implicated 
 we are in all that touches our missionaries! 
 Does each of them from time to time wrestle 
 with plague, famine, earthquake, financial 
 depression, political prejudice, war, massacre? 
 
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 12 
 
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 We more! For have we not war every year, 
 with its dread following of famine and pesti¬ 
 lence? Always somezvhere in our sixteen 
 countries is there disaster! Ffappily the mis¬ 
 sionaries’ joys also are ours, and what should 
 we do without them! Each year we give 
 thanks for a revival somewhere, as letters fly 
 back and forth shuttle-fashion across the seas. 
 
 Watch that Korea miracle! So discour¬ 
 aging were matters in 1889 that nine lines 
 in the annual report sufficed to tell them. In 
 1896 it had shrunk to seven lines, and they 
 mostly about the king. Two years later the 
 report expands to forty-six lines, while to-day 
 just listen to that “nation on the run to God!” 
 
 The epoch-making Edinburgh Conference 
 was attended by four of our Directors in 
 1910, and from that time new movements 
 multiplied, each wave raising our work to a 
 higher level. The Women’s National For¬ 
 eign Missionary Jubilee (1910-11) and its 
 post-jubilee, were followed by the China 
 Campaign in 1912, as if to present something- 
 worthy of the enthusiasm generated. This 
 wonderful interdenominational Jubilee was 
 the celebration of the fiftieth year of the 
 Woman’s Union Missionary Society, in which 
 Society women of many denominations had 
 begun their organized work for missions. It 
 swept from Pacific to Atlantic, and incident¬ 
 ally sent to the foreign field through the usual 
 channels of the Boards a love-gift of an extra 
 million dollars. The follow-up work of this 
 Jubilee had brought us forty new organiza- 
 
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 tions, and the two-year program of the China 
 Campaign asked for an extra gift of $100,000 
 and for ten young women missionaries. At 
 the close of that period we thanked God for 
 twelve new missionaries and for $101,462. 
 Among the new buildings erected by the 
 China Fund were two memorials in Hunan 
 Province—the Girls’ Boarding School at 
 Changsha in memory of our first President, 
 Mrs. W. E. Schenck, and the Girls’ School 
 at Changteh in memory of Mrs. Z. M. 
 Humphrey, an early member of this Society. 
 
 But the China Fund refused to be closed 
 when the two years had expired, and at the 
 1916 Biennial Assembly the amount had 
 grown to $126,869. In spite of this extra gift 
 and in spite of the appalling war which had 
 broken upon the world, our funds for regular 
 work had increased and an extra War Em¬ 
 ergency Fund was started June, 1917. 
 This showed that Presbyterian women, what¬ 
 ever war economies they might practice, 
 would not “retrench in souls.” 
 
 That 1916 Biennial in Philadelphia ad¬ 
 journed to meet in Nashville in 1918, but on 
 April 6, 1917, our own country threw itself 
 with abandon into the European war, and for 
 patriotic reasons we and Nashville cancelled 
 our engagement. Only once before had an 
 Annual or a Biennial Assembly been omitted 
 —in 1900, on account of the Ecumenical 
 Conference in New York City. 
 
 The outstanding event in 1916 was the 
 Chicago Conference held by the Woman’s 
 
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 Boards of Foreign Missions and the Woman’s 
 Board of Home Missions to consider greater 
 uniformity in methods of work. One of the 
 many results of this was the formation of the 
 General Council of the Woman’s Boards of 
 Missions. Even before this there had been 
 co-operation between the Foreign Boards 
 and the Home Board, for in 1912 a Joint 
 Committee on Student Work had been 
 formed. Field secretaries working under 
 this committee visited in one year as many 
 as sixty-seven colleges and schools in seven¬ 
 teen States, and yet reached only 1,000 of our 
 12,000 Presbyterian girls graduating each 
 year. 
 
 When, in 1917, the Woman’s Summer 
 School of Missions in Northfield outgrew the 
 almost limitless hospitality of that place, Mr. 
 Moody declared there must be another school 
 started in Pennsylvania to prevent the over¬ 
 crowding. It was largely our responsibility 
 to find the place, the students and the plans. 
 A beautiful spot and kind hosts were found 
 in Wilson College at Chambersburg, and the 
 new summer school started off full-grown 
 with a registration of 533. In 1918, 700 dele¬ 
 gates were reported; and in 1919, 728, of 
 whom 286 were Presbyterians. 
 
 Co-operative planning g'oes on apace not 
 only between our seven Women’s Boards, but 
 with the Assembly’s Board as well. The 
 Executive Secretary of Central Committee 
 visits yearly each Woman’s Board of Foreign 
 Missions, and in her office at 156 Fifth Ave- 
 
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 nne, New York, helps us to co-ordinate our 
 work. She also represents all six Boards at 
 the meetings of the Executive Council of the 
 Assembly’s Board (composed of the secre¬ 
 taries and treasurers of the men’s Board of 
 Foreign Missions), and from time to time the 
 Executive Committee of Central Committee 
 has been invited to sit in the same Council. 
 At the second such meeting the men invited 
 the Chairman of Central Committee, Mrs. 
 Lee, to preside over the joint meeting. 
 
 In June, 1919, the six Woman’s Boards 
 unanimously accepted the recommendation of 
 the Board of the Northwest that they unite 
 in one National Board, with headquarters in 
 New York, and plans for this union go on 
 apace. 
 
 When the men who were planning the New 
 Era Movement came to the women in 1918 
 to secure their co-operation, behold, we were 
 found to have already upon our hands a little 
 new era of our own called the Jubilee, and 
 the same General Assembly which had en¬ 
 dorsed the New Era had already endorsed the 
 Jubilee. Therefore, the men said, “Your 
 Jubilee gifts for 1919-20 shall be considered 
 your New Era Increase, and shall be sent 
 through your usual channels.” 
 
 This two-year program of our fiftieth birth¬ 
 day draws to a close, the other five Woman’s 
 Boards celebrating their Jubilee with us. 
 The aim of the celebration has been a four¬ 
 fold enlistment of those who will pray, who 
 will serve, who will give, who will go. Some 
 
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 gifted souls can accomplish all four; most of 
 us can do three. The Golden Anniversary 
 Gift asked for (in addition to our regular 
 gifts and the War Emergency Fund) is 
 $500,000, the Philadelphia Board’s share 
 being $200,000. Volunteers for Over Seas 
 Service are needed—evangelists, teachers, 
 doctors. Take this little history with you to 
 the culmination of the Jubilee in Philadelphia 
 in May, 1920, and in it mark the amount of 
 the Golden Anniversary Gift as there re¬ 
 ported, and also the number of volunteers. 
 Record other notable milestones and treas¬ 
 ures that God may reveal to us there. So 
 shall you weave yourself into this history of 
 “Then and Now,” and join in saying, “Hith¬ 
 erto hath the Lord helped us.” 
 
 “What is the final ending? 
 
 The issues can we know? 
 
 Will Christ outlive Mohammed? 
 
 Will Kali’s altar go? 
 
 This is our faith tremendous— 
 
 Our world-hope, who shall scorn !— 
 
 That in the name of Jesus 
 The world shall be reborn.” 
 
 Rachel Lowrie. 
 
 August, 1919. 
 
 Leaflets for Reference 
 
 The Story of Twenty-five Years. 5 cents 
 
 The Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society, 1870-1910. 2 cents 
 
 All in a Nutshell. 5 cents 
 
 Annual Report, 1919.,.10 cents 
 
 Year Book of Prayer.20 cent* 
 
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