Highest Award, World’s Fair, 1893. “the cheapest of all good systems of heating.” SANITARY VALUE IN VENTILA- TION. “ Ramsey County Court House and City Hall 1 Special Commission, > St. Paul, Minn., Jan. 9th, 1890. ) It gives me pleasure to state that the 90 ventilating Grates furnished by you for the New Court House and City Hall at this place have not only met our expecta- tions, but have far exceeded our anticipations in the amount both of heat and ventilation they furnish to the immense structure in which they are used. Very Respectfully, David Day.” The Grates furnished for the New Vork State Institu- tion for the Blind, at Batavia, fully meet all required of them. — Dr. M. \V. Townsend, Bergen, N. Y. The air of the four Hospital wards supplied with these Grates is always pure and fresh. — Henry M. Hurd, Med. .Supt. Eastern Michigan Asylum, Pontiac, Mich. The five Jackson Ventilating Grates used in the Hospital and Nursery of the “Retreat” and children’s room of the “ Day Nursery” are powerful heaters and admirable ventilators. I think they are the best grate, where heat and change of air are desired, I ever saw used. — Hon. Joseph Perkins, Chairman Ohio State Hoard of Charities, Cleveland, Ohio. The extraordinary freshness and purity of the air,' and withal so pleasantly heated, is so obvious as to excite the attention of all and call forth their favorable comments. — Pres. Ja.mes L . Cabell, University of Virginia. Cambridge, Mass., Feb. 21, 1890. t am more than pleased with your Grates. I have three of the ‘Concord’ pattern, each heating a room 25X22J^ ft., the rooms being one above another. To-day the thermometer was at 6 ° in the morning, 1 5° at noon and 10® at 8 P. M., with a high N. \V. wind, and without any other heat my study has been comfortable all day and I have only touched the fire once. There is no fur- nace heat either in this room nor in the adjoining hall. One of the upper Bed-rooms has been a sort of hos- pital for two months with three children successively pass- ing through “ grip ” and measles. I don’t know what we should have done at all without your Grate. 'I'he air of the room has been iibsoluttly pure all the time, the win- ilow.H have hardly ever been opened, and nowhere has there been a draft. — Wm. Jami-us, M. 1 )., Prof, of J’hilos- ophy. Harvard College. HEATING ON TWO FLOORS. My two Parlors, each 14x16 ft., and a Bed-room above, have been heated by one Grate, and with less fuel than would be required with stoves. — S. R. Goddard, Lock- port, N. Y. The Ventilating Grate in my Dining-room heats also the Nursery on the floor above. Both rooms are 20 ft. square, and are on the northwest corner of my house, on the brow of Lenox Hill.— Everetp P. Wheeler, New York City. One of the Ventilating Grates is in the front Parlor and warms the room above. The other is on the north side of the Sitting-room (18 ft. square) and warms two rooms above. — B. F. Moore, Pres. La Belle Wagon Works, Fond du Lac, Wis. My Oliver Grate abundantly heats the Dining-room Chamber and adjoining halls and stairway. — D. F. Barker, Concord, Mass. The Jackson Grate heats my Library and a Bed- chamber over it, both exposed to the north and west. 'I'he rooms are also well ventilated. — Hon. (Judge) Wm. McClean, Gettysburg, Pa. I have simply to say that the Grate is splendid, and ^ I regret that I used any other Grate than yours. Com- pared with it the Baltimore heater is an abomination. — E. CoRT Williams, Esq., Cincinnati, Ohio. I am heating a Parlor 16x18 ft., a Library 11x14 ft., and have an air pipe leading to two rooms above, either of which I have been able to heat in good shape during the coldest weather, by closing the register to one of them. — M. Schenck, C. E. (New York State Canals, Engineering Department), Albany, N. Y. 'I'he Grate in my Sitting-room heats also my Dining- room and a room on the floor above. It uses about the same fuel as an ordinary base burner. — A. F. EnY, Cashier Elk Co. Bank, Howard, Kansas. I have three Jackson Ventilating Grates, one in a west room 12)4 ft- X 28 ft., one in an east room 14 ft. x 24 ft., and one in a southeast room 13 ft. x 17 ft., the latter open to the hall. Each Grate heats also the room over it. Our weather has been some days at 10° and 20° below zero. — Hon. Myron A. Mckee, Richfield .Springs, N. Y. 'I'he Grate is heating my Dining-room, 24x16 ft., on the lower floor, and a Bed-chamber of the same size on the second floor. 'I'he rooms are exposed on the north, east and .south. — Robert J. Belt, Wells Whi]) Co., Wells- ville. Pa. ITS WORK IN COLD CLIMATES. With the thermom'eter ranging from zero to 30° below, the Grate has thoroughly heated and ventilated our .Sitting-room, 24 ft. x 18 ft. x 14 ft. — S. B. Amory, Fond du Lac, Wis. From loth of January till spring the Ventilating Grate alone heated my Sitting-room, with large bay window, and Bed-room off Sitting-room. It has been a very cold winter, but I have not used a furnace. — Chas. A. Black- man, Wholesale Lumber, West Bay City, Mich. Your Grate in my house at Waddington, on the right bank of the St. Lawrence River, latitude 45° north, h'eats a room 15 ft. X 18 ft., with large bay window, and a room of the same size above. To-day (Feb. 6th, 1885), the thermometer outside marks iS° below zero ; the room where the Grate is placed is at a summer temperature. — H. W. Pra'TT (Collector’s Office, Custom House), Ogdens- burg, N. Y. 'Phe Ventilating Grate, during the entire winter, has warmed and ventilated our Sitting-room (18 ft. x 15 ft., II ft. high) and a Bed-room above 12 ft. x 12 ft. — Charles Churchill (Clerk of Circuit Court), Waupaca, Wiscon- sin. As a heater and ventilator it could not be better. We are lieating with it our Office, a large and exposed room. In our coldest weather the Grate has capacity for heating more, if we needed it. — Hungarian Roller Flower Mills, Waterloo, N. Y. The room heated by your Grate alone is 17 ft. x 19 ft. X 10 ft. 6 in. and is exposed on the north, the east and south. — J. R. Eaton, Orillia, Ontario. The Concord Grate thoroughly heated my Dining-room, 22 x 16 X II ft., when the thermometer registered 35° below zero. — V ictor S. Benedict, Titusville, Pa. You Grate heated my room 25 x 20 ft. perfectly in the coldest day this winter, 25° below zero. — J. A. Bullen, Leavenworth, Kas. 'I’he Jackson Grate heated my room (17 ft. x 14 ft.) so that we had no trouble in keeping plants thrifty, with the mercury 25° below zero. — F. B. Mills, Editor Lincoln (///.) Herald. Your Grate heated a room 24 x 20 x 1 1 ft., with a north and east e.xposure, very comfortably in our coldest weather, which has been from 1 5° to 20° below zero. — W.M. Fisher, Utica, N. Y. ITS ECONOMY OF FUEL. About 250 bushels of coal have more thoroughly heat- ed my rooms this winter in your Grate than 550 bushels did last winter in a stove and an old-fashioned Grate. — \Vm. 1 .. Harkf.r, Koonsville, Ind. The amount of fuel used in your Grate is no greater than that used in the Argand Base-burner on the other side of my house. The Grate heats two rooms. — II. E. .M11.1..S, St. Louis, Mo. The Oliver Grate heats my I’arlor, 16 ft. x 16 ft. and Chamber over 14 ft. x 14 ft. Does not use half as much fuel as the ordinary Grate I had. — Titos. F. Byrnes, Emporia, Kas. ton of fuel lasted between five and six weeks in mid- winter in your Grate, heating a room 21 ft. x 15 ft. x 1 1 ft. — B. Bowman, Chambersburg, Pa. I have run the Grate night and day for four and one- half months, heating a room 24 ft. x 18 ft. at times when the thermometer was 30° below zero, and have not used all of the ^}i tons of hard coal I bought in November. — .S. B. .Amorv, Fond du Lac, Wis. The Grate is in the office on the fourth door, northwest corner of the building, a room 21 ft. long, 10}^ wide X \ 2% ft. high. There is no other heat in the room. In the two and one-half months 1% tons Cannel coal have been used. — Fredk. Loeser & Co., Brooklyn, N. V. My office is in size 28 ft. x 16 ft. I have used red ash (Schuylkill) coal, and less than half a ton a month, and have more heat than is desired. — 11 . K. Buckwalter, Conveyancer, West Chester, Pa. The consumption of fuel in your Grate is less than in the one I removed, the temperature in the room where the old Grate was is much higher, and a room on the floor above is warmed with the extra heat, whilst the room is free from drafts. — C. W. Body (.Sugar Creek Salt Works), Canal Dover, Ohio. A room 22 ft. .\ 18 ft. and a Dressing-room adjoining, 12 ft. X 8 ft., have been thoroughly warmed day and night by two scuttles of soft coal per diem. Two tons of Briar Hill coal have been used in four months. — Mrs. Morse Stewart, Detroit, Mich. USE OF GRATE FOR FALL AND SPRING HEATING. We use a Grate for fall and spring heating, and it saved building a fire in our furnace last fall until 1 lecember, and during the fall it was much more satisfactory for heating the house than the furnace. — J. E. Roiiers, Binghamton, N. Y. In the spring and fall I have no difficulty in heating my Library, Parlor, Dining-room and Halls up-stairs and down, and thus dispense with the use of my furnace, ex- cept during the winter months. The Grate is in the corner of the Hall. — J. Morrison (of A. T. Morrison (.S; Bros.), Braintree, Mass. In the fall and spring, when I do not run my furnace, I use the Grate for heating three rooms, one 16 ft. x 16 ft , one 15 ft. X 15 ft., and one 12 ft. x 13 ft., all with north and west exposure. — George H. Siowell, Claremont, N. H. One Grate is in my .Stair-case Hall in a four-s'ory house, and it serves the admirable purpose of tempering the air of the whole house in fall and spring without furnace heat. — Frank E. D.avis, Archt., Baltimore, Md. Until we started the steam heat in November the Grate kept sufficiently warm the Sitting-room, Parlor, Main Hall and Bed-room. — Frank Hii.l, Tilton, N. H. We enjoy the Grate spring and fall, not using the boiler over four months. The saving of fuel is very marked.- — Isaiah Dow, Woolen Mills, Hinesburg, Vt. We use the Veirtilating Grate alone for heating during October and November. It is a marvel of perfection. — Dr. F. M. Sisson, Williamsport, Pa. My furnace is kept with a very small fire, as the Jackson Grate furnishes so much heat. I believe I economize greatly in fuel by use of the Grate in connection with the furnace, as has been illustrated by the experience of a friend, who has found it necessary to buy more than double the amount of fuel I have to heat the same number of cubic feet of space. — J. H. Penniman, Battle Creek, Mich. WITH NATURAL GAS. My client, for whom I bought the Jackson N'enlilating Grate, says it is wonderful how well it heats and ventilates. He has heated the .Sitting-room, 15 x 18 ft.. Dining-room 12 X 16 ft., warmed a Bed-room on the first floor 15 x 16 ft. and a Bed-room over the Sitting-room 15 x 17 ft., with one Grate. The fuel used is Natural Gas. — Wai'son a. Brown, .'\rcht., Wellesville, N. V. We use Natural Gas as fuel, and the Grate heats three rooms on the first floor and three rooms on the second. The thermometer has been 20° below zero this winter. — Jacoi! Rauber, Jr., Wellesville, N. V. The Ventilating Grate gives me the greatest satRfac- tion ; more, in fact, than any other heating apparatus 1 have ever tried. I use Natural Gas for fuel, and in the coldest weather we have had these two winters I found no difiiculty in maintaining a temiierature above 70'’ in two good-sized rooms down-stairs, and more than 65° in my Bed-room just above. .\s a ventilator the Grate surpasses anything I have ever seen. It keeps the air in my rooms as pure and fresh as if the windows and doors were wide o])en, day and night. I am (|uite satisfied it has saved me from many a “ home-made ’’ cold. — Re\'. J ames J. McTiciik, Rector St. Malachy's Church, Pittsburgh, Pa. 'I'he rooms where the two Grates are placed are each 18x17 ft. Communicating with these by the hot air supply from below, are the following rooms on the second floor, viz.: one room 12 x 14 ft., two rooms each r2 x 16 ft., one lox S ft., one 14 x 12 ft., and a bath-room 14 x 12 ft. In the whole upper story I have not had a fire lighted this winter; in fact, no room on that floor, exce))I the 12 x 14 ft. room, has a grate in it. We have found the up-stairs always warm and well-ventilated, and very regular in tem- perature, and we could have had it much warmtr if we had wished it. We use Natural Gas for fuel and have never used the full supirly. The ventilation is splendid. With windows and doors tightly closed we do not notice the slightest smell of gas fumes or impure air. — H. Jarvis, Sharpsburg, Pa. AVE''Y IISSARY tt:.'..:.iA university Clxd’'-^ ■ COLUMBIA Uwi/BASJTY I T is acknowledged by all authorities on the subject that the only healthful fires are those of the open fire-place. Apart from the cheerful, e.xhilarating influence of the open fire on the household gathered about its hospitable hearth, it is well known that radiant heat direct from the surface of burning fuel possesses a comfort and health-maintaining power that no other form of heat can supply. For this reason the open grate has always been a favorite in our homes, and it is only because in the ordinary form it is such a great con- sumer of fuel, and so feeble in its heating capacity, that it has been supplanted by other more economical kinds of heating apparatus. In the construction of the Jackson Ventilating Grate it will be seen that this defect has been avoided, and an economical method of heating has been secured, without the least impairment of the properties of the open fire-place. The Jackson Ventilating Grate has all the e.xposed fire surface of the common grate, thus being unsurpassed in the amount of its radiant heat, as it is unequaled by any in its amount of conserved heat. Another charm of the open fire-place is in its office as a ventilator of dwellings, (icn. Morin says that in a room of 20 feet square and 12 feet high, heated by an open grate, “ with a good fire, the air would be removed four (jr five times an hour with a moderate draught of the chimney, and six or eight times with a blazing fire.” How utterly impossible is it in a room thus heated to suffer from vitiated or impure air! Ilut, unfortunately, with the common grate, the supply of air to meet this draught must enter the building through the cracks and crevices surrounding the doors and windows, and it comes into the room at times freezing cold from an atmosphere many degrees below zero. Think of the fact that in a room thus heated with a blazing fire, 38,400 cubic feet of frigid atmosphere enters every hour, and must be heated — as far as it can be heated — by per cent, of the whole heat product of the fuel employed, whilst ^ of this much-to-be-desired heat passes uselessly out of the chimney ! With the Jackson Ventilating Grate, the doors and windows might be made, if possible, air-tight by weather-strips and double sash ; yet the air of the rooms would be kept constantly fresh and pure, being changed entirely every twenty or thirty minutes by a supply of invig- orating, pleasant and warm air from the heat-saving and ventilating chambers of the Grate. Even if doors and windows are badly fitted, when rooms are heated by this Grate there will be no perceptible draughts from them, as the room is kept constantly filled with warm air from the inflowing current from the Grate, that never ceases while there is fire in it. Air being thus supplied in sufficient quantity to meet the draught of the chimney, in cases where the latter is defective, there is much less liability to smoke, an object also partly secured in the mechanical construction of the Grate. A valuable feature in these Grates is that, in consequence of the circulation of a current of air over the inner surfaces of the iron shell which forms the back and the sides of the basket in which the fire rests, these surfaces cannot be warped and broken by the action of the fire, and the Grate thus is practically indestructible and will last a lifetime. It is a well-known fact that all ordinary forms of grates soon burn out and need repairs, and after a winter’s use their linings are so disfigured with the action of the fire that they present unsightly niches in summer, which are usually hidden by so-called summer- pieces, that impede in all cases, and frequently prevent entirely', the ventilating effects of the open grate. In the Heat-Saving and Venti- lating Grate, a simple coating in summer of the smooth iron back of the fire-place with British luster renders it presentable in appearance, and does not interfere with its office as a constant ventilator. Patterns. The Ileat-Saving and Ventilating Grates are made in two dis- tinct forms, as herewith described. 1ST. “Concord” Pattern. This form of the Heat-Saving and Ventilating Grate is con- structed for uniformly heating and ventilating large rooms, and those that are in exposed situations, as are those in most country or village houses, and which the common form of grate, with an equal consumption of fuel, would be entirely inadequate to heat. It is adapted for burning hard or soft coal or wood. It has the full open front or fire-place, and the beauty, cheerful effect and full radiating power of the ordinary grate, combined with more than three-fold the heating capacity of the common grate. The construction of the grate is such that it is a constant ventilator in all seasons. In winter, with a full fire and with the doors and windows effectually closed, the whole atmospheric con- tents of large rooms are replaced by pure warm air every twenty or thirty minutes. For bedrooms, or for rooms communicating with bedrooms, these Grates provide the most perfect automatic ventila- tion, maintaining a purity of atmosphere in them not sensibly less than that of the open air, with the entire absence of the unpleasant and unhealthful draughts that accompany the usual modes of ven- tilation. 2D. “Oliver” Pattern. This form of the Ileat-Saving and \Tntilating Grate is so arranged that the heat conserved in the chambers surrounding the fire can at pleasure be turned, in whole or part, into a room on the floor above that in which the Grate is placed, or may be added to the full radiant heat of the open fire to rapidly and thoroughly heat the room containing the Grate. It will thus comfortably heat two ordinary rooms in the most severe winter weather ; or will thor- oughly heat a large room below, and comfortably warm a chamber above, thus doing the work of three or more ordinary grates with the fuel expenditure and care of one. a Description of Finish. (1) Lnstered finish is that given to ordinary stoves. It is especially adapted for office grates where utility chiefly is the thing desired. (2) Rustless finish is that produced by oxidizing iron, by which the surface is converted into the magnetic ( or black ) oxide. The surface thus treated takes a dead-black hue, which is pleasing in appearance, and is not liable to change by use or exposure. (3) Black Enamel jinish is an enameled, jet-black glossy sur- face, given by the application of successive coats of japan, that are baked on by the heat of an oven adapted for the purpose. As the frames of the Ventilating Grates are protected from injury by out- door air, this finish is much more durable than in ordinary grates. (4) Nickel-plated finish is the result produced by heavily nickel- plating the finely crocus-polished surface of the metal, and there- after highly polishing the nickel surface. In designs like Nos. 46 and 50 of modeled ornamentation the bas-relief figures, richly shaded, appear as upon a highly chased dead-silver surface. The nickel- plate is far better than is usually given. (5) Electro-bro 7 ic:e fiinish is produced by electro-bronze plating the highly polished metal. This finish may be made of a dark or a light copper-bronze color. The intaglio ornamentation in the designs Nos. 20 to 30 are of a darker shade. (6) Ebony finish. The appearance of this finish is well de- scribed by its name, as it looks like a finely polished piece of ebony carved as per design. It is one form of the rustless process and has the merit of being exceedingly easy to keep in order, as it will not rust nor tarnish even when exposed to a sea-side atmosphere. De- signs Nos. 50 and 65 are especially handsome in this finish. (7) Brass or bronze finish. These are solid castings of either brass or bronze, and they may be, as directed, finished in a perfect polish, or in any style of old brass or antique bronze. I'or dura- bility, elegance of appearance, and excellence of workmanship, they are unsurpassed. (8) Silver-plate is well known to everyone, and the finish on the grate frames is equal to that given the finest silverware. It may be polished, antique or dull finish. Note. — In all finishe.'. e.xcepling Xo. t. the ba.sket and crown are nickel plated or rustless finish, as preferred. The fender plate is either nickel or rustless, and the fender bars are brass or nickel, e.vcept with finish Xo. i. 4 Directions for Orderino^. In ordering ])lease state : 1st. Whether you desire a Concord or an Oliver pattern. — See description. 2d. Size of grate required as designated by the number. — See descri[)tion of sizes. 3d. .Style of finish — whether lustered Rustless Jferlin black, Nickel-plated, Mlectro-bronze, Rbony, Brass, or real Bronze. 4th. .Style of frame and basket required as designated by the number of the plate. 5th. Whether the grate is to be adapted to an -ash-pit, or to be used with an ash-pan. Directions tor Settinor the Grate. ( .See plates Xos. 3, 4 and 5 for methods of obtaining the air supply.) It is absolutely necessary that these Grates should be supplied with an inlet for fresh air from outdoors, else they are not superior to ordinary grates either as heaters or ventilators, \\ 4 th every shipment of grates, or upon application at any time, we mail a templet with S|)ecial directions for setting the Grate, by which any ordinary bricklayer can easily perform the work. No special flue need be built, as the Grates can be set in any fire-place that can be made 2.S inches wide by 33 inches high, with a flue not less than S inches by 12 inches (or S inches by 8 inches, if for a Concord ( Irate). 'I'o those building new houses, the plans of flues given on Plates .\o. B and No. 7 show how one of the Wmtilating Grates can be arranged to heat rooms on two floors, and to ventilate thoroughly the rooms thus heated and the cellar also. N. B. Never take the air supply. from the room in which the Grate is set. If this were done, the Grate would be no more elbcient than a stove for ventilation. Any ap])aratu.s that secures its air supj)!)' from the room gives heat at the e.\i)enseof ventilation, and it is usually because the apparatus has not the power to warm outdoor air. Sizes. Basket or Orate ^Fireplace to Receive Outside of Frame. Opening. Grate. NO. WIDE. HIGH. \>MDE. DEEP. WIDE. HIGH. DEEP 0 27" 33 K" 00 I2>^" 24 33 " 14" 1 33 I<" 22" 12 %" 28" 33" 14" 3 32 >^" 33 K" 24" 12 %" 30" 33 " 14" 5 40K" 33 K" 32 >^" 12 %" 37 >^" a j 14" *The brickwork should be twelve inches deep, the tiling adding two inches, making fourteen inches clear. Important Oiiestions Briefly Answered. It is easily set by any ordinary workman. Directions for setting accompany every Grate. It needs no special construction of flues. One flue carries smoke and hot air pipe. It can be set in any ordinary fire-place. It works admirably with any kind of fuel. It is more safe in wood mantels than any other grate. Its air supply being not overheated is far more pleasant than that of a furnace. It keeps fire from fall till spring and will run over 24 hours without any attention. There are no cold air drafts as in ordinary grates. It can be arranged to heat a room back of the grate. The first cost of a sufficient number of grates to heat a house is less than a furnace that will do the same work. They will heat a house with a far less expenditure of fuel than a furnace requires. They are surpassed by none in the world in excellence of finish, beauty of designs and perfection of mechanical work. The Jackson Ventilating Grate. "^IIE adjoining cut shows the construction of the heat- * saving chambers in the Jackson Fire-place, the outer shell being in part broken away. Pure air from outdoors is admitted through the opening shown in the base of the cut, and is distributed by the heated spurs there represented to the chambers directly back of and on the sides of the fire. From these chambers the now partially heated air enters the chamber shown at the top of the cut, through which the five smoke-flues are seen to pass. These also imparting a large portion of their heat to the passing current, its temperature is raised to loo degrees or 180 degrees (according to the intensity of the fire and volume of air admitted), and it now passes a current of pure air either directly into the room through the openings shown in the frieze of the Grate, or, at the option of the owner, up the pipe (a section of which is shown in Plate No. 2 with its valve opened) to a room on the floor above. In these chambers there are 15^ square feet of radiating surface. The chambers are separated from the fire by a cast-iron shell that has no joints for leaking gas, the upper chamber, with its tubes, being cast solid, in one piece, and this shell, surrounded as it is by air-cham- bers, can never become intensely heated, and thus liable to burn out. The Grate will accomplish more heating than four ordinary grates of the same size, will thoroughly heat large rooms, and will perfectly ventilate them. 5 Plate No. i Rear view of Concord pattern of the Jackson Ventilating Grate. (With outside galvanized iron covering partly broken away to show interior construction.) Scale, inches to ihc foou 6 The Jackson Ventilating Grate. '^Iir annexed cut shows the construction of the heat- stiving chambers in tliat form of the Grate which is intended to licat rooms on different floors. By an inspec- tion id' the cut, it will be readily seen that the air, directly idmiltcd from outdoors through the opening shown at the lia;.e of the cut, after becoming heated by circulating through the chambers, as described in Plate No. i, passes through the valved fipening at the top of the cut, and thence by a pil)e (see section, Plate No. 5) to the room on the floor above that in which the Grate is set. Closing the valve, wholly or in part, the conserved heat may be entirely or p.irtially added to the heat of the room below. There is a damper (not shown in the i ut) that closes over the smoke vents to regulate the draft. Plate No. 2, Rear view of the Oliver pattern of the Jackson Ventilating Grate. (With outside galvanized covering partly broken away to show interior construction.) Scale, 1^ inches to the foot. / Section sliowing Grate adapted to an Ash-Pan. Scale, ^ inch to the fool. Skctioxs ok the Venth.atint. Section showing (irate when used with an Ash-Pit. Scale, ^ inch to the foot. Grate set ix ax Kxterxai. Wat.i.. Plate No. lO Plate No. 20. I'hc Jackson I Icat-Saving- and Ventilating Grate. has been aptly called the kings of the house, since it serves to force a current of air from the room in which it is placed, up and out of the chimney. But in the ordinary grate no provis- ion is made for introducing fresh air into the room “ to supply the place of that exhausted through the flue, hence cold and often impure air is drawn in through crevices about the windows and around the doors, causing draughts, and chilling the air of the room. The Ventilating and Ileat-Saving Grate avoids these faults by the admission of air directly from outdoors through an inlet into chambers, under, around, and above the lire, whence, after being thoroughly heated, it jiasses into the room as rapidly as the exhaust of the (xrate requires. The room is thus kc-jit constantly filled with pure, warm air, in every sense conducive to health and comfort ; its atmosphere is kept at tin ecpiable temperature in all its parts, tiiid a very large percentage of the lieat that is usually lost in the brick-work of the fire-place, and which is eipial to nearly three times that of the diret t radiation of the ordinary grate, is arrested tiiid utilized by its tiddition to the radiant heat of the (irate. See sectional view’ and description on Plates I and 3. SfiFjif I HALEY . Engraver . nv Front View. Scale, inches to the foot. Use of Grates in Houses Heated with Steam. I N planning for very large houses, where it is proposed to use steam heat, and the most approved system of indirect radiation is selected, owners sometimes think it unimportant to give much thought as to the part that grates are to serve in the heating arrangements, but conclude that, as they will have plenty of heat from the steam apparatus, large, open, orna- mental fire-places will best meet their needs. A very grave mistake is thus frequently made. In the first place, fire-places of enormous proportions are frequently built, which, when a fire is started in them, prove to lack sufficient draught, and hence they become worse than useless, in fact a constant source of discomfort. And where with such fire-places care has been taken to build also enormous flues, adequate to the demands of the fire-place, in service such fire-places become immense aspirators of air from the room that create cold and unhealth- ful draughts, with an enormous wastage of heat. Secondly, during the days of variable temperature in the fall and spring, grates of ordinary construction being at times entirely inade- quate for comfortably warming the apartments, when the steam heating arrangement is started, it almost invariably is found that the heat thus afforded is too great, and discomfort arises from excessive temperature, that can only be allayed by open- ing windows for the heat’s escape. Just here is manifest the great utility of the Jackson Ventilating Grate, that until winter weather is fully established, and after its intensity is past in the advent of spring, will thoroughly heat and ventilate many rooms, and which is easily controlled, so as to give a gentle heat, or a heat of greatest intensity. Thus not only is a saving of fuel effected that soon pays for the cost of the Grates, but a perfect comfort and healthfulness is secured, not otherwise attainable. Plate No. 21 . Front View. The Jackson Ventilating" Fire-place. R KillTLV constructed Fire-places should and can be made to lill three essential conditions, that, named in the order of their importance, are as follows : F IRST. — They should keep the rooms in which they are placed always filled with pure, circulating air. In winter this air should enter as a warm current, with a volume sufficient to change the whole air contents of the rooms at least every half hour. This volume should be adequate to fully supply the e.vhaust of the chimney, and thus to prevent any tendency to draughts of chilling air from the windows, or of impure air from other parts of the house, drawn under the doors. Skcom). — I hey should be essentially heating apparatuses, fully com- I)etent to thoroughly warm the rooms in which they are situated, without the aid of furnace heat. To effect this result they must possess many times the heating power of ordinary grates, seven-eighths of whose heat is wasteii in the chimney. 1 Miki). — They should be large, generous fire-places, with their cheer- ing, healthful, radiant, blazing iires, as near as may be similar to the famous fire-places of olden time. 1 he fire-phices most in vogtte now fill the last condition only — and in m;tny cases fail eveti in this, being often liable to smoke, and deficient in power to prodtice a brilliant fire. 1 hey obttiin their whole supply for the chimney draught from air drawn in, jnercing cold, from around the doors and windows, and they produce, thus, currents that are detrimental to health. \\ here this is prevented by close fitting doors and windows the fire-place must inevitably smoke. I hey utterly fail to heat large rooms, since only about one-eighlh of the whole heat product of the fuel is utilized for warming the room ; the rest being lost in the brick-work of the chimney, or dissi|)ated up and through the chimney Hue. The Jackson Hcal-Savtn^ and V'cntilatin^ Gnitc lills all the three conditions named. No. 22 . Front View. Scale, inches to the foot. T here are two prominent objections to the open fire-place, and to the ordinary form of fire-place grate ; First. — Though they are excellent agencies for removing the air from the lower level of the room, they provide no means for supplying the vacuum thus produced, and thus they cause draughts of cold air about the windows, and of impure air from the surround- ing rooms. Second. — They supply to the rooms in which they are placed but a very small fraction of the whole heat product of the fuel. From the careful tests of Gen. Morin, the deduction is made “ that of the heat generated by the fuel in an ordinary fire-place, about one-eighth only is utilized in the room.” The Jackson Heat-Saving and Ventilating Fire-Place largely remedies both these defects. As will be seen by a reference to the engraving on Plate No. i, fresh air from immediate outdoors is taken into a shaft directly under the grate, and enters a chamber beneath the fire, where it is partially heated, and thence passes into chambers surrounding the back and sides of the fire-place, and it conserves in these the heat that is usually lost in the brick-work of the fire-place. Passing thence forward, this now heated current circulates about the tubular flues, five in number, shown in the cut, which convey the smoke to the chimney above. Finally, this heated air, which, it will be observed, is pure air from outside the building, enters the room through the open frieze of the grate frame, and from its levity ascends in a current to the ceiling. A double office is thus fulfilled. A very large part of the heat usually lost in the fire-place is con- served and added to that directly radiated from the fire, making the grate equal in heating power to over three ordinary grates of the same size ; and an amount of pure, warm air, equal to that taken from the room by the exhaust of the chimney, enters from the heat- saving chambers, and thus all draughts from the windows and doors are prevented. A continually augmented volume of pure, warm air, occupying the higher levels of the room, and a continual draught being made by the fire-place from the colder, impure air from the lower levels, keeps up a constant atmospheric circulation, and thus automatically the room is thoroughly ventilated. i.S Plate No. 23. I! fjir;a ■ ■ji ■, ■ ■ ■ ■ Ji,5 ij Front View. Scale. inches to the foot. 14 Platk No. 24. M eating' Power of the Jackson Heat= Saving and Ventilating Grate. base, sides, back, and Hues over the fire in these grates (as 1 shown on Plates Nos. i and 2), which form the inner walls of the heat-saving chambers, present a radiating surface equal in area to 15-j superficial feet in the No. i and No. 2 fire-places, and to 23^4 superficial feet in the No. 3 fire-place. All these surfaces would become red hot if the heat received by them were not taken up by the inflowing current of pure air from outdoors, which thus returns the heat to the room in which the grate is set (if it be a Concord Grate), or to the room above that in which the grate is set (if it be an Oliver Grate). The heat thus con- served, as is shown by the test of the thermometer and anemome- ter, is more than ecpial to double the heat obtained from the direct radiation of the fire. It is obvious that this heat, thus util- ized, is entirely lost in the fire-place and the flue in the ordinary form of grates. That is to say, that the fuel supply of an ordinary grate, when consumed in these grates, contributes to the rooms for heating purposes more than four times the amount of heat that the common grate furnishes. An ordinary grate would be ta.xed to its utmost capacity to comfortably warm a room 15 feet scpiare, in almost any of our Northern States during the coldest weather ; and even in such a small room thus heated, the parts of the room most distant from the fire would lie subject to chill- ing draughts fri>m the doors and windows. These draughts necessarily are present from the fact that the exhaust of the chimney is continually extracting air from the room,, which can only be replenished by the air drawn in through the crevices around the doors ;ind windows. The I leat-Saving Grate would thoroughly heat such a room, and also a room of ecpial size adjejin- ing it, or another over it, and, in most locations, all three such rooms. liesides, it would jireveiit the chilling draughts alluded to, sine e it supiilies to the rooms, through the heat-saving cham- bers, a continuous stream of pure, warm air, always ecpial in vcjl- ume to that which is taki-n out 1-v the chimnev. Ventilating Effects of the Jackson Heat- Savinof and Ventilating' Grate. A n open fire-place in a room, connected with a heated flue, or a flue adjoining a heated flue, is almost always an aspirator of the air of the room. Even when there is no fire in the fire- place the test of a lighted roll of paper will show, by the inclina- tion of the flame towards the ascending flue, the existence of an outpouring current of air through the flue. When a fire is made in the fire-place the volume of this exhaust of the chimney is, obviously, largely increased. According to the estimates of Gen- eral Morin, a blazing fire in an open fire-place may take from the room nearly 40,000 cubic feet of air per hour, or, in other words, it will empty a large room every fifteen minutes. So rapid is the ascending current of outgoing air that it carries with it the smoke and soot, and even small bits of the burning fuel. But the rush- ing from the room of such an immense volume of air necessarily implies the entrance into the room through some inlets of an equal volume of air from outside sources. When the ordinary form of grate is used this inflowing air enters cold (if directly from outdoors), or not devoid of impurities (if from the adjoin- ing halls). (See Plate No. 24 for cause of chilling draughts.) But a more serious defect in the ventilating offices of the ordi- nary grate is, that this incoming volume of air, being cold, occu- pies the lower lev'els of the room, and passes in a current mainly towards the fire-place, and thence up the chimney, whilst the breath and exhalations from the bodies of the inmates of the rooms, being warmer, ascend to the higher levels, and mix with the air above the breathing line. In the Ventilating Grate, as shown on Plate No. 23, the air entering to replace that exhausted by the chimney comes in with a temperature much higher than that of the breath or other impurities ; hence, the latter fall to the lower levels, and are constantly being carried off by the flue, whilst the pure, outdoor air, heated before its entrance, floods the room from above, and supplies an ever-changing, healthful atmos- phere to all parts of the room except very near the floor. And at all points of the room, there being no cold air currents, the tern, perature is exceedingly uniformly maintained. 15 No. 25. Front \'iew. Scale, 1^4 inches lo the foot. i6 Kclwin A. Jackson & Bro., 1 Icat-Saving- and Ventilating Grate. [Rcpriiil from llie Report of the State Board of Health of New Hampshire.] “ olden lime fire-place had its peculiar advantages in 1 \entilating the tipartments in which they were situated ; and no one will tlispute that they still have an attractive appear- ance, its well as a charming influence in the family circle wherever they are to he found. The only objection is and has been, they are expensive, as they are great consumers of fuel, tind much of the heat generated within their glowing sides is lost by being ctirried up the flue with the air which they remove from the room. .Mechanics and practical men have for a long time been pondering over the jiroblem how the fire-place of our fathers could be restored in principle, and economy in fuel maintained at a minimum of expense. “ The o[)en grate has always been a favorite in our homes, and it is only because in the ordinary form it is such a great consumer of fuel and so feeble in its heating capacity that it has been supjilaiited by other and more economical kinds of heating apparatus. “ Mr. Rdwin A. Jackson, of New York, has placed before the public a fire-place and grate, combined in such a manner as to give it superior healing jiower and perfect ventilating capacity. “ In perfecting this most e.xcellent device to meet the requi- site conditions to render our homes comfortable and healthful, the designer has rendered valuable service to the people, for he has so far remodeled the ordinary grate that a large jiercentage of the heat ( an be saved, and at the same lime preserve the chimney flue for ventilating purposes.” COLUiVIBaA UiiiVcRSITY Plate No. 26 . 'ijji'irillP i; ri I h y ^ n If. ^ vs n I I I 1 I I Ii Front View. Scale, inches to the foot. Plate Sewer Gas — Bad Ventilation. T he antidote of Sewer Gas is plenty of fresh air. We probably never shall have the plumbing of houses so perfectly done that our homes shall be entirely proof against the introduction of danger- ous exhalations from the waste-pipes or sewers into them. But these and all other unhealthful contaminations of the air in rooms may be rendered harmless by the frequent changing of the atmosphere in them practicable in a proper system of ventilation. That only is a proper system of ventilation which introduces at one point and takes out from another a sufficient volume of air to maintain in the room a constant circulation of pure atmosphere. Such incoming current must be warmer than the natural temperature of the body, else chilling drafts are perceptible by the discomfort they give. An ordinary grate has this objectionable feat- ure, and though otherwise excellent for its sanitary effects, this great defect must be counted against it. But since health is far more important than thoroughly warmed rooms, if nothing better for ventilating purposes can be found, wisdom would demand its use in every home. But such a defect is due alone to the improper construction of the grate. The Jackson Ventilating Grate, as shown on Plate No. 24, admits pure air from outdoors, thoroughly heated, by what in ordinary grates is wasted heat, and produces a circulation of pure, warm air in the room that is health-sustaining, and in every way conducive to comfort. 17 Front \’iew. Scale, i‘i i:)tl)es U) Uie fo«A. Elegant hut Unsanitary Homes. Plate No 28. I S T he reports of the viirious Boards of Health show that every cold wave that sweej)s over our country in winter is attended by a startlini^ increase in the death-rate from Scarlet Fever, 1 )iphtheria, and idlied diseases. This direful condition of affairs is largely, if lujt entirely, due to the fact that the tightly closed doors and windows, which cold weather necessitates, prevent that imi)ortant ventilation of houses that is positively essential to the maintenance of health. Houses richly adorned and most elabo- rately furnished with all the conveniences and elegance that skill- ful workmanshij) can jiroduce ; houses upon which the wealth of the possesses has been lavished without stint, for the purpose of making them comfortable and enjoyable, are, from lack of proper sanitary provisions, ever subject to the entrance of preventable erature, and where there is likewise an oiien tire in the room to carry out the vitiated air. The Heat-Saving and X'entilating (Bate will furnish this health- sustaining snpiily of so vitally important air to every room, forc- ing it into the r