MASTER NEGATIVE NO. 95-82458 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copynghted materials including foreign works under certain conditions. In addition, the United States extends protection to foreign works by means of various International conventions, bilateral agreements, and proclamations. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction Is not to be "used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research." If a user makes a request for, or ater uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes In excess of "fair use," that user may be liable for copynght Infringement. The Columbia University Libraries reserve the right to refuse to accept a copying order If, In Its judgement, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of the copyright law. Author: American exporter Title: Exporter's gazetteer of foreign markets Place: New York Date: [1 920] MASTER NEGATIVE # COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PRESERVATION DIVISION BIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET ORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED - EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD Exporter's gazetteer of foreign markets, American exporter • Exporter's gazetteer of foreign markets; a condensed survey of the world's markets and industries published for tho use of manufacturers, exporters, "bankers, shipping and allied trades, conp, and od« by Lloyd R« Morris... 1920-21. He\7 York city, American exporter, Jojinston ox- port publishing co. il920i ' xxiii, 766 p. maps. 23^^. RESTRICTIONS ON USE: TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA FILM SIZE: ■ 35 *^^ REDUCTION RATIO: /''^X IMAGE PLACEMENT: lA IB IIB DATE FILMED : mlf^ INITIALS: / TRACKING # : /^S^ 0Sg77 FILMED BY PRESERVATION RESOURCES, BETHLEHEM. PA. > .'C?. a? 00 cn 3 3 O) cr o > IS o ^ n \ (/) Z < X o o ^ ^ N CO CO (Jl ^< OOM O xO-? CJ1 3 3 > DO o m CD CD do" ^ o O < —I X <: N M o --V? r,*^-^ 'V;^ ^ ^. A- ^ '^. ^.. C? >p-: v^' O o 3 3 Ul o 3 i .a^ > cn '^ ^. %f^ 8 3 3 ro O lio If*' lllllNi 00 a- 00 ro b to ro In 1.0 mm 1.5 mm 2.0 mm ABCDEFGHUKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcde>ghi|klmnopqrstuvw>yz 1234567890 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 ^o 15^ 2.5 mm ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 t xV .<- <^ fe ^o f^ ^^ 'i^ '^ <^ € V ^' ir ^o ;P m H O ■o m -o > C c*> I TJ ^ ;; O 00 m O m /i^. '^ '4^ ^ .-5?**. V 1-^ K> a» O 3 3 3 3 -, > ■s fl 5l r 3? 3 — 13 8 h^ m This Service todTv t "T^'^ l^ }^^ ^^'^t that business today IS no longer chiefly a matter of dealings wjthm single nations, but is increasingly worid! The development of transportation and of lenX"'*^*.'- "h '^^ «""^ ^""^^'•d t" ™ing market; ^flu ^^^^'"P-n^nt has unified all thl markets of the world into a world market At the present time the United States d™^ thaT didli ^'^''?" and South Afric?eS l&on'4h eachXl *'"'""" '"^'^ «^ *^« w'^Jd'eS^^f *° ^^^ ^'"^"'^" Manufac- turer a demand of enormous potential for hw goods a demand which it is the function of the Johnston Overseas Service to set^oini m his du-ection and for his profit. ^ ^ Unique facilities are at our disposal; and our staff is expert in world economks and thl lh^lZ.tai T^'^ P"^J'"*y- This^enablel o^tA- • ^" Overseas Service to give -^ur trttme^f v^'"P"'^' ^^'"^'^ '^' same skS thtJ h!^ ./°" "'""'^ ^^Pect from the agency that handles your national campaigns. Excl foreign Adv^ising Authentic Data on more than 20,090 Foreign Publications in our files. SERVICE PERFORMED 1. Plans, Prepares and Places foreign advertising campaigns. 2. Careful analysis of your foreign markets. 3. Preparation of copy, display and layout by men of experience in handling foreign campaigns. 4. Accurate and reUable translation of copy. 5. Efficient selection of Foreign Media, and most advantageous use of space. 6. Forwarding, checking and attending to fonugn payments. 7. Furnishing lists of foreign manufacturers, johbors, dealers, etc., int^-rested in your product. 8. Weekly bulletin of valuable trade information. 9. Other miscellaneous assistance that will help you to increase your sales abroad. Write for Booklet 7-A on WORLD MEDIA Johnston Overseas Service 277 Broadway New York, U. S. A. Telephone, Worth 2049 V 1 The Name — AMERICAN EXPORTER Carries with it the prestige and business reputation of 43 years-«) essential to the successful introduc- tion of your product abroad. That period of 43 years has been one of continuous upward growth until today the name, AMERICAN EXPORTER, stands for even more than the name of the world's leading export medium— it implies a unique service to the advertiser. The executives of the AMERICAN EXPORTER are broad-visioned men who have had years of experi- ence in the export field-men whom you mav consult and firom whom you may get accurate information on foreign markets. The confidence that over """^--^S^^^jR^Tpt:.' put into the name, AMERICAN EXPORTER, « proot of its dependability. American Exporter 17 Battery Place, New York City EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS 1 920-2 1 OTHER BOOKS BY THE SAME PUBLISHERS PRACTICAL EXPORTING By B. Olnbt HotroH. 530 pp., 39 documentary forma. 6x9. Clotn. Tells how to get and handle export trade. written especially for the manufacturer, the exporter and the student, by an a"thontyon the subject in general. A rnost practical book on all matters of office and shipping pracUce. EXPORT PACKING 400 pp., 150 illustrations. 6x9. C'o«»- By C. C. Mabtin. With chapters by M. O. Fits Gbkald. Superintendent of Packing. General Electric Company. Elaborately and accurately illustrated with photographs showing successful export pack»ng methyls in boxing, baling, nailmg. water-proof- linin?. sixes of cases, lumber used, crating and metric standards. EXPORT TRADE DIRECTORY Published annually. 6x9. Cloth. A complete list of the export commission houses, foreign buyers. ™a°"{f<^^"'^" /x,wi^ aeents foreign exchange banks and bankers, nfarine insurance companies, export tnickmen. foreien freight forwarders, etc.. in all the pnn- c?ra?United States ports; also oreign Consul- ates in the United States. American Consulates abroad, etc. 1 I EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS A qONDENSED SURVEY OF THE WORLD'S MARKETS AND INDUSTRIES PUBLISHED FOR THE USE OF MANUFACTURERS. EXPORTERS, BANKERS, SHIPPING AND ALLIED TRADES Compiled and Edited bt LLOYD R. MORRIS Research Editor, THE AMERICAN EXPORTER (COPTRIOBTSD 1920 BT JOHN8TON ExPOBT PUBLISHING Co.) I 1920-21 AMERICAN EXPORTER JOHNSTON EXPORT PUBLISHING CO, 17 BATTERY PLACE NEW YORK CITY U. S. A. Boston Philadelphia Cleveland Hetpoit (.'hicaco St. Louis San Francisco PrinUd in /A« UnUed States of America • • • D EAL Advertising Service in foreign fields can be rendered only by spec- ialists with an established reputation. The Gotham Advertising Co. has been serving American exporters for over twelve years. We have the organ- ization, proper over-seas connections and, above all, the required experience to render you real service in developing your foreign sales. Gotham Advertising Co. Incorporated 1908 95 Liberty Street. New York City •Phone, Cortland 6753 Cable Address, Carwaite, New York TABLE OF CONTENTS Page *^ Foreword yii ^ A Suggestion Regarding the Interpretation of Statistics ix PRELIMINARY TABLES •■•••■•••■•••■•■•••••• • ■■••■■•■■••••••••••••••■•• • •••••• ■••••••••■■>•••••■•■ • •••••••■•■•>•••■•••••■•■•• • •••••■•■•■•••■•••••••••••• • •••••••••••■•••••■•••••••a • •• •••■••••••«■ •■•••••••••• ■ •••••■•••••••••••••••••••• Page 617 618 626 626 626 626 627 627 628 635 636 636 636 636 636 636 636 636 637 637 637 637 638 640 640 644 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES Foreign Trade of the United States 655 Domestic and Foreign Exports of the United States 655 Exports from the United States by Principal Classes 656 Relation of Exports of Manufactured Goods to Total Exports, with Chart 657 Exports from tlie United States by Grand Divisions 658 Exports from the United States by Sea and Land 659 Summary of the Foreign Commerce of the United States 660 Imports and Exports of Gold and Silver by Countries 661 United States Exports and Imports of Foreign and Domestic Merchandise by Customs Districts 662 United States Exports and Imports of Foreign and Domestic Merchandise by Countries 664 United States Exports of Domestic Merchandise by Articles 667 Table of Time Differences 686 Railway and Telegraph Lanes of Principal Countries 687 Distances from New York, New Orleans, San Francisco, and Port Townsend to Principal Ports and Cities 688 Automobile Census of Foreign Countries 691 World's Production of Cocoa . 692 World's Production of Coffee \\', 692 World's Production of Tea 692 World's Production of Com 693 Jorld s Production of Oats 693 Worid's Production of Rye 693 Worid's Production of Wheat 694 World's Production of Potatoes 694 World 8 Production of Wine 694 World's Production of Sugar 695 VI EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS World's Production of Iron and Steel !S World's Production of Coal 696 World's Production of Tin. 6^ World's Production of Petroleum ^^ World's Production of Rubber ^7 World's Production of Gold 697 World's Production of Silver 698 World's Production and Consumption of Textiles .' .■.'.'.;;: 55? &°/K.1„^„rR^°"sur*'^"''^^-*^- ■.:•.•.•.•.:::::■.■.•.•.•.:::: Z World's Shipbuilding. . .^ .'.'.'.['.'.'.'. 701 Tonnage Definitions 702 The Principal Economic Provisions of the 'IViaty of Fe&ce with Germanv ?m Countries to Which Parcel Post Service Extends Germany 704 Index 709 Map of the World. '. '.'. • • : • • 710 Facmg 766 FOREWORD This book has been prepared with the object of providing in readily accessible form facts about the world's markets which will be practically useful for purposes of reference to every American business man who is concerned, either actually or prospectively, with foreign trade. The scope of the book has been determined to a very large extent by the actual ex- perience of the editor in providing data of this nature at the individual request of many manufacturers in almost every known line, export managers, sales managers, advertising managers, forwarding agents and others throughout the United States. Heretofore detailed information about foreign markets has been obtainable only from numerous primary sources published chiefly in foreign languages and for the most part not readily available to the business man. In addition to these obstacles, the great bulk of foreign statistical data has the further disadvantage of being of little practical service to the American business man, since the units of currency, measurements, capacity, and weight employed are those of the country of publication. In bringing together this statistical material all foreign currencies have been converted into their equivalent in dollars, and all foreign systems of measurement into units of measure commonly understood by Americans. In order to increase the practical usefulness of the book the countries of the world have been grouped alphabetically by continents and other major geographical divisions. It is believed that this arrangement will enable anyone who consults the book to con- veniently survey in detail markets which are geographically related, such as, for example, Cuba and the other islands of the West Indies, the Central American republics, or Australia and New Zealand. Individual maps have been provided for the more important countries of the world, and these have been designed with the intention of recalling to the reader the geographical relation of each country to its neighbors, and providing suggestive illustration of the principal topographical features, the location of the chief towns, and the more im- portant transportation faciUties. The conclusion of the war witnessed the creation of thirteen new independent states in Europe and one in the Near East, as well as territorial changes in nine other European nations. Separate sections are devoted to the new states of Czecho-Slovakia, Jugo-Slavia, Poland, Finland, Austria, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Esthonia, Ukrainia, the Georgian and Azerbaijan Republics and the Kingdom of the Hedjaz. It is believed that the most complete as well as the most recent information has been included. The territorial changes m Germany, France, Italy, Greece, Russia, Rumania, Turkey and Bulgaria are indicated in the maps, and consideration is given in the text to their economic significance. In addition to the individual maps of the more important new states, a general map of the "New Europe" has been included to indicate the geographical relation of the new states to the rest of Europe and the relation of the new boundaries to those obtaining before the war. There will be found under each country detailed information upon the following topics: (1) Area, population, and population of the principal cities and towns; (2) Commerce; vii Vlll EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS ! (3) Production and industry; (4) Raaroads, telegraphs, telephones; (5) Money, weights and measures, and commercial language; (6) Principal shipping routes, customs tariff, coMular regulations and consular representation; (7) Cable rates, mail time, postal rates, and regulations with respect to parcel post, money orders and reply coupons. In the sections devoted to the principal markets of the world there will be found material on local advertising media, summarizing the classes of media available to the American manufacturer who contemplates a consumer campaign. n^ rl!"^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ country dealing with Commerce includes tables showing: (1) The total foreign trade of the country for a series of years; (2) The value of its imports and exports of each commodity; (3) The value of its imports from each foreign country; (4) The value of its exports to each foreign country; and (5) The value of its imports from and exports to the United States for ten or more years. In all cases the tables include the most recently published figures. The section under each country deaUng with Production and Industry contains de- tailed statistical information relating to the various industries of the country, including agriculture, hvestock, forest resources, mines and metals, fisheries and manufactures. In the majority of cases there has been included a table showing the number of each kind of manufactunng enterprise together with the number of persons employed, capitaUzation value of annual output and raw material consumed. There are, besides, supplementary tables showing world production and consumption by countries of primary commodities and worid equipment by countries of various industrial facibties. The index has been made as complete as the exigencies of space permitted, but because the references to commodities in text and tables are so numerous no attempt has been made to index them. The reader who wishes to find details with respect to any commodity m any markets will find the information desired under the appropriate section m each country. Attention is especiaUy directed to the pages of addenda containing the latest available information received after the body of the book had gone to press. In addition to his indebtedness to various government bureaus and to the economic commissions of many foreign countries in the United States, the editor especiaUy wishes to express his cordial appreciation of the kind cooperation of the Pan American Union in f urmshmg statistical information with respect to Latin American countries, to Mr. RoUin Sawyer of the Economics Department of the New York Public Library, to Mr. H. G. Winne and Mr. J. L. Hutehison of the Johnston Overseas Service for material on local advertising media m foreign countries, to Mr. C. C. Batehelder of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, and to many of the consular representatives of foreign countries in New York City. L. R. M. A SUGGESTION REGARDING THE INTERPRETATION OF STATISTICS Since the interchange of commodities between countries is constantly expanding, as is evident from the history of foreign trade, and the normal tendency of a country's imports is not to remain static but to constantly increase, statistics of imports and exports should be interpreted in the light of this increasing growth. IX EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS PRELIMINARY TABLES COMPARISON OF THE UNITED STATES, GREAT BRITAIN, FROM 1869 TO 1809. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881., 1882.. 1883.. 1884.. 1885.. 1886.. 1887.. 1888.. 1889.. 1890. . 1891 . . 1892.. 1893.. 1894.. 1895.. 1896.. 1897.. 1898.. 1899.. 1900.. 1901.. 1902.. 1903.. 1904... 1905... 1906... 1907... 1908... 1909... 1910... 1911... 1912... 1913... 1914... 1915... 1916... 1917. . . 1918.... 1919.... 1919(A). (000 omitted) $286,118 392,771 442.820 444.177 522.479 586.283 513.443 540.384 602.475 694.865 710.440 835.638 902.377 750,542 823,840 740.514 742.190 679.525 716,183 695,954 742,402 857.829 884.481 1,030.278 847.665 892.141 807.539 882.006 1,050.994 1,231,482 1,227.023 1,394,484 1.487.865 1,381,720 1.420,141 1,460.827 1.518,562 1,743,864 1.880,851 1.860,773 1.663,011 1,744,984 2.049,320 2.204,322 2,465,884 2,364,579 2.768,589 4.333,482 6.290.048 5,919.711 7,225,084 7,922,150 (000 omitted) $417,506 435,958 520,224 626,595 642.136 567.406 533.005 460.741 451,323 437.052 446,778 667,955 642,665 724,640 723.181 667,698 577,527 635,436 692.320 723,957 745.132 789.310 844.916 827.402 866.401 654,995 731,970 779,725 764,730 616,050 697,148 849.941 823.172 903..321 1,025,719 991,087 1.117,513 1,226,562 1,434,421 1,194,342 1,311,920 1,556.947 1.527,226 1,653,265 1,813.008 1,893.925 1,674,169 2.197,883 2.659,355 2.945.655 3.095.876 3,904,406 (000 omitted) $703,624 828,729 960,044 1,070,772 1.164.615 1,153,689 1,046,448 1,001,125 1,053,798 1.131,917 1,156.218 1,503,593 1,545,042 1.475.182 1,547,021 1.408,212 1.319,717 1.314,961 1.408,503 1.419.911 1,487.534 1,647.139 1.729.397 1,857,680 1,714,066 1.547,136 1,539,509 1,661,731 1,815,724 1,847,532 1,924,171 2,244,425 2,310.937 2.28.5,041 2,445,800 2,451.914 2,636,075 2,970.426 3,315.272 2,055,115 2.974,931 3,301.931 3,576,546 3,857,587 4,278,892 4,258,.504 4,442,758 6,531,365 8,949,403 8,865,366 10,320,960 11,826,656 (000 omitted) $1,153,433 1,187.815 1,380,018 1,530,943 1,513,505 1,448.514 1,370,465 1.249,601 1,228,042 1,194,648 1.210.707 1.393.833 1,445,7.54 1,492,366 1,486.409 1,440.323 1,321,128 1,308,889 1,368,766 1,453.030 1,535,828 1,597,439 1,504,302 1,419,267 1.348,694 1.332,378 1.389,145 1.442,330 1.431.598 1,430.819 1,601,638 1,722.256 1.690.620 1.697,300 1.751,416 1.803,134 1.980,919 2,238,894 2,517,369 2,219,695 2.281.892 2,595.948 2,706,429 2.910,951 3,085.226 2,557,310 2,351.902 2.934.691 2,900.240 2,573,025 4,678,697 (000 omitted) $1,437,856 1,475.800 1.610.884 1,726.118 1.806,868 1,801,069 1.819.779 1,826,692 1.919,445 1.794.624 1.766,501 2,001,251 1.932,108 2,009,962 2,077,470 1,898,027 1,805,316 1,702.608 1,886,431 2.081,100 2,047,298 2,119,075 2,062,393 1.969.415 1.987,210 2,027,820 2.025.111 2,150.063 2,104,933 2,289.906 2,357,272 2,542,145 2,536,872 2,567,981 2.637,038 2,676,047 2,745,996 2,9.34,348 3,038,626 2.881,754 3.036,066 3,296.329 3.305,565 3,618,953 3.736,050 3.385,646 4,140.201 4.609.741 5.171,840 6.396,493 7.960.203 (000 omitted) $2,591,289 2,663,615 2,990,902 3,257.061 3,320,373 3,249,.583 3,190.244 3,075.293 3,147,487 2,989.272 2,977.208 3,395,084 3,377,862 3,502,328 3,563,879 3,338,350 3,126,444 3,011,497 3,255,197 4.534,130 3.583,126 3,716,614 3.566,695 3.388,682 3.335,904 3.360,198 3.414.267 3.592,393 3.626,531 3.720,726 3.958,816 4.264.401 4.227,492 4,265,281 4.388.454 4.479,181 4.726,915 5,173,242 5,555,995 5,101,449 5,317,958 5.892,277 6.011.994 6.529.904 6.821,276 5,942,956 6,492,103 7,544,432 8,072,080 8,969,518 12,638,900 NOTE (A) Calendar year. The statistics .iven for Great Britain. France and Germany are for the calendar FOREIGN TRADE OF FRANCE AND GERMANY 1919, INCLUSIVE: Year 1800. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1876. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1886. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900., 1901.. 1902.. 1903.. 1904.. 1905.. 1906.. 1907.. 1908.. 1909.. 1910.. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 1914.. 1915.. 1916.. 1917.. 1918.. 1919.. FRANCE GERMANY Exports Imports Total Exports Imports Total (000 omitted; $770,842 667,008 636,514 916,IQ1 930,646 907,486 827,751 877,764 843.603 793,423 824,110 890,116 911.732 919.452 880,466 814.074 763,508 819.478 817,934 829,514 926,979 934.120 912,890 878,343 834,918 796,125 885,677 886,642 926,979 902,082 1,068,255 1,065.746 1.007.460 1.080,221 1,076,554 1,108,592 1,216,286 1,317,804 1,400,408 1.277,853 1,444,219 1,564,265 1,546.. 509 1,703,032 1,327,881 360.678 759.918 987.330 1.160,450 799.657 1.681.641 (000 omitted) $773,737 675.114 762.929 868,886 883,168 853,639 861,166 947.437 882.010 982.177 1,076,747 1.179,809 1,157,228 1,150.666 1,136,191 1,011,127 951,490 987,581 953.999 1,001,091 1,026,760 1,052,236 1,146,034 991,248 955.736 925.435 949.560 951.297 991,634 1,077,519 1,128,664 1,155,877 1,081,958 1,099.907 1,173,440 1,104,346 1,169,966 1,368,563 1.519,875 1,385,933 1,516,401 1,756,879 1.893,330 1,986,742 1.625,317 1,235.624 2,129.909 2,925,764 5,317,932 3,843.5.52 5,747,254 (000 omitted) $1,544,579 1,342,122 1,399,443 1,786,987 1,813,814 1.761,125 1.788,917 1.825.201 1.725,613 1,776.600 l,90a857 2.069,925 2,068,960 2,070,118 2.016,657 1,825,201 1,714,998 1,807,059 1,771,9.33 1,830,605 1,953,739 1,986,356 2,058,924 1,869,591 1,790,654 1,721,560 1.835,237 1.837.939 1.918,613 1.979,601 2,196,919 2,221,623 2,089,418 2.180.128 2,249,994 2,212.9.38 2,386,2.52 2,686.367 2,920,283 2,663,786 2,960,626 3.321,144 3,439,839 3,689.774 2.953.198 1.596.303 2,889,827 .3,913,094 6,478,383 4.643.210 7.428,«;68 (000 omitted) $810,938 835,473 818,751 882,785 867,084 909.837 924.316 916.487 718,375 743,411 806,068 822,307 813,619 734,967 760.063 800,402 834,454 851,066 875.186 842.425 780.874 809.545 775,850 871,626 931,336 941,446 965,821 1,073,995 1,170.533 1,129,073 1,088,006 1.271,372 1,324.565 1,446,506 1,634,941 1,792.386 1.523,019 1,569,412 1,778,969 1,929.243 2,151,718 2,403,311 (000 omitted) year while those of the United States are for the fiscal year ending June 30. $1,042,176 1,188,602 1,139,560 1,129,169 1,168,159 1,146,053 1.075,162 1,137,720 719,742 747,353 799,078 829,987 820,581 744,463 736,443 788,380 882,197 1,050,577 1,075,295 1,087.847 1,013,755 1,026,002 1,000,795 1.055,045 1,103,811 1.187,977 1.281,857 1,383,617 1,458,620 1,363,049 1,604.650 1.513.966 1.597,241 1,777,860 2,057,101 1,375,208 1,822.650 2.029,399 2,126,322 2.309.947 2.544.636 2,563,354 (000 omitted) $1,853,114 2,024.075 1,958.311 2,011.954 2,035,243 2,055.890 1.999.478 2.054.207 1.438,117 1,490.764 1.605.146 1.652.294 1,634.200 1,479.430 1.496,506 1,588.782 1.716,651 1,901,643 1.950.480 1.930,272 1.794.629 1.835.547 1.776.645 1,926,671 2,035,147 2,129,423 2,247,478 2,457,512 2,629.153 2.492,122 2.592,656 2,785,338 2,921.806 3.224,366 3,692.042 3,167,594 3,345,669 3,598.811 3,905,291 4,2.39.190 4.696.3.54 4.966.665 Xll EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS im)9 1900 1901 1902 8,MO.00O,00» 8,400.000.000- 8.300,000.000- 8.M0.000.00fr 8,100.000,000- 8,000.000.000- T.0OO,OOO.OO» 7.800.000.00» 7.700.000.00(V 7.«00.000.00(^ 7.500.000.000- 7,400.000,000- 7.300.000,000 7.200,000.000 7.100.000.000- 7.00O.000.00O 1803 1MM 190S 1906 190T lOOS 190* COMPARISON OF EXPORTS 1899-1909 United States France Great Britain Germany . . .... PRELIMINARY TABLES xiu ^ 1909 1910 191 1 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1 • ■ cnoonn omvj 1 1 ft lAA nnn ontu ft ^no noo OMV ft son Ann nnn. fLlOOOOO 00O< 8.000 000 000- 9 QAA fWM AAA. COMPARISON OF EXPORTS 1909-1919 T AAA IWIA fWk. 7 7AA AM) AlVt 7 H/tfk fVIA fVHV 7 AOO 000 000- United St a4Ae Great Britain 7.400.000.000^ 7 «An MM (VIA. ■^ ~" France Germany . . .- (Value in DoIUrs) 7 MO OOOOfMV .. v^i- 7,100.000.000^ 7 OOOflOOOOO / J A OfM (MA MM, 1 a MM AAAOOO f j A MM MM AMV j 11 CAA (WW) (MA. 1 A iAA AAA AAAi 1 6.300,000.000 j 1 V j e. 100.000.000 H AAA AAA AAA. 1 V j 1 X I 1 V 1 5.800.000.00O < 7Mt AAA AAA- j 1 1 j il MMI MM AAA. 1 X JtAA AAA AAA- J <.4no.ooo,oooj ■ aoo (WW) ooQ. 1 J A MM AAA AAA. I A 100 000 OOO 1 K AAA AAA AAA. 1 A 000 000 00(L 1 4 HOO OOO-OOO I A 700 000 (MO j 4.000.000.00O a AAA AAA AAfW j j J 4_4A0 0M00IV 1 / a AAA 000 OOIW ' 1 a MIA fWI IMA. y 1 a -100 000 005- / f a AAA AAA OOA- / 1 SM0.000.00O 4 AAA AAA AAA. / f - / 1 ^ 7AA AAA AAA / 1 ft MM AAA AAA. / f 11 JUM AAA MM. / 1 ft aAA MM OtdL / f-- ft ftOA AAA AAA- / .1 ft MM AAA OAft / 1 S.100.000.00O 8.000.000.00OJ a IWMl fWW^ /WWk- 1 1 _ — ^ ^. 1 ^ -*» " '^ 1 — » .«^ _ t • AAA AAA AAA. -^ N f / V f ^ X /^ '^ L X Xv7UU,UUQpUUIr \ y / N, ■ f t.500,000,000 y ^^y" / *'l 1 ^ ^r-^ X^"-^ ' ^^ ^^ "^"^ ^ ^' ■ 1 # aAA IVM AML <^ '"'^ * # MM fWWI fWV\. -^^^ 1 OM\ IWWfe IMWk. ^^ f*" ^ ^ 1,700.000.000 -• .'-' • ' 1,500.000.000- 1 aOA AAA MVk - • • • • • • . * • 1 MM AMI MWl. • • 1 IAA MM AML ,•' 1 AAA AAA AAA. • .-• • • MM AAA MWi. . .-' ' % • AAA AAA AMV. • ..•* • tf 7AA AM^ AM\. 1 1 AAA MM MM. • • AAA AAA AAA. • ' • aOA AAA AAA. • • AAA AAA AAA. 1 AAA AM) AAA. IQDOAA AMI 4 X!V EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS M ' I PRELIMINARY TABLES XV 1»W 1910 ml I9X« 1913 1914 1915 191« 1917 1918 1919J ^S.500 000 00&- 8400 000 OOO- ft 900 000 OOO- S.800 000 000- 8.100 000 000- 8000 000 000- 7.»00.000,00a- 7800 000 000- COMPARISON OF IMPORTS 1909-1919 . j 7 700 000 OOO- / 7 600 000 000- / 7,500.000,000- United Sfc V9 ites ., ,.,.,- Great Britain f— 7.400,000,000- 7800 000 000- / 7 MO 000 OOf^ France Germany— >—» ♦ m« / 7.100.000.00(K^ 7 000 000 000- 1 (Value in DolUxs) r 6000 000 000- / 6800 000 000- / 8 700 000 000- / 6.600.000 000- / 6 &00 000 000- / -- 6 400 000 OOO- / A SOO 000 000- / 1 6 900 000 000- A 100 000.000- / fl 000 000 000- / 5S00 000 000- . / < 800 000 000- / A 700 000 000- / ( ft.600.000,000- A500 000 00O- ■/- > / • 54^000 000- / • A SOOjDOO.OOO- 1 ._. r « 5M0 000 00O- ¥ « 5 100 000 OOO- Xr * 5 000 000 000- XI •. t 4000 000 000- / . % > 4800 000 000- / • % .. ,; 4 700 000 000- / • 1 41100 000 OOO- / ft 4AO0 0O0 0O0- / • • 1 4400 000 000- / • * ¥ 4,800,000,000- 4 mo 000 000- r • r • * - • 4 100 000 000- r • 1 4 000 000 OOO- / • ft • 8 SOO 000 000- / • * » S80OO0OO0O- / 4 7(wi onn IMA- / • 8 flOOOOO 000- — "^ % ■ ■/ 8 £00 000 QOO' 4< ^ J • 8.400.000,000-^ 8 SOO 000 OOO- / "^^ / • /^ 4 cnn non amv- r' 8 100 000 000- ^^ • 4 nnn oon noA- ^ » • onn rwv) onn- _ ~ t 800 OOA 000- » ^ 9 inc\ nnn nnn- 9 ^ 9 Ann nnn nnn. > y^ # xnn nnn ntMU ^ • — • / t.400,000.000- 9 vwi nnn non- ^ • / ^* » / i.200,000.000- 1,100,000.000 9 fWW^ fkAA rtfWl- .-^' * / ^ ■ / r • / 1 onn AAA ivw\_ --••• % • / 1.800.000.00(^ 1 7on Ann nnn. -.•' *^ / , • / 1 9u\c\ AAA Ann. ^.• ^^ • .* ^ r 1 Ann AAA Ann. .• ^ ^ * 1 4An nnn /wwv. ^ % • 1 ftnn nnn nnn- r^ « • 1 900 AAA AOO- « 1 ino AAA nnn. 1 AiV) fww^ n^vk. 000 oon onfk. noo onn nnn. 700 oon nnn. AOA onn nnn. AOn AAA t^M\- 4on AfV) fWM\_ SOO 000 oon. MO OOA (^^i^ 1 100 000 OOft- 1 XVI EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS PRELIMINARY TABLES xvu I COMPARISON OF TOTAL POMIGN TRADE 18W-100g UNITED STATES GREAT BRITAIN (Value in DoUtrs) ^»"«ANT «^_ FRANCE 5,800.000,000 5.800,000.000 5.400.000.00a 5.200.000.000 5,000,000,000 4.800.000,000 4.800.000,000 4.400,000,000 4.200,000.000 4,000.000,000 3,800,000,000 3,600,000.000 3,400,000.000 S.200.000.00O 3.000.000,000 2.800.000.00O 2.600.000.00O 2.400.000,000 2,200.000,000 2.000,000.0004^ 1.800,000.000 1.600.000,000 1.400.000,000 1.200,000.000 1,000.000,000 800.000.000 800.000,000- — 400,000.000 200.000.000 DNITKI ) STAT COMPARISON OF TOTAL FOREIGN TRADE 1909-1919 FRANC] ^. . . -. .- . GERMANY (vaiue in uouars) 1909 1910 1011 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919| ■IS.000,000,000 12.800,000,000 12.600.000.000 12.400.000.000 12.200,000,000 12.000.000,000 11.800.000.000 11.800.000.000 11.400.000.000 11.200.000.000 11.000.000.000 in finn M)tk nAA . 1 / / 1 / / / / / lv,oUU,WIU,UUV 10.600,000.000 in Ant\ fwtn nnA / / in MM MM (MA / ^ 10.000.000,000 a ann n / ' 8.200.000,000 8.000.000.000 5«800.000.000 5.80O.000.00O 5,400.000.000 5,200.000.000 5.000.000.000 4.800.000.000 4,800,000,000 4,400,000,000 4.200.000,000 4,000.000.000 8.800,000,000 8.800.000.00O S.400.000.00O 8,200,000.000 8.000,000.000 2,800,000.000 2,800.000.000 2,400.000,000- 2.200.000,000 2.000.000.000 1.800,000.000 1.800,000,000- 1.400.000.0001 1,200.000.000- 1,000,000,000. 800.000.000- 800.000.000 400.000,000 2oo.ooo.ooa ^ \ y / 1 • « _ y^ V /^ / • • _^ -— '"*' \ >/" / • • / ^ * -' / ( / • ^ • / • ft ^ ^^^» / • . ... ^ _^ "^ / « 1 . ^^y^ ^^ ^0"^ ^^ • ^•r ^ ^ 1 / • •^ ^^^^ •r ^^^-- :^-^ % # % • % • "^ ' ' « • • \ • . % • « • • xviii ■ ( ^^^^^lE^^^^^ill^^l^LI^^EIGI^MAH FOREIGN TRADE OF THEPRINrro a 77^ OF THE w5Sd^^ countries PRELIMINARY TABLES XIX NORTH AMERICA: Canada Newfoundland and Labrador fet Pierre and Miquelon Bermuda . ^^T^T^^^^WCA: ^ntish Honduras Costa Rica Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua. .... ..,'"' Panama. . Salvador. . ." WEST INDIES: Bahama Islands... Barbados. . . Cuba [[ Curacao Dominican Republic ." .' tjaudeloupe. Haiti....r Jamaica. Leeward Island".:: Martinique Porto Rico..'. Tnnidad and Tob^ c™*"" ^"^^""^ °' ^^^ United Staies * SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina Bolivia Braiil... Chile ;:::::; Colombia Ecuador .... Falkland islands Guiana, British. Guiana, Dutch.. Guiana, French Paraguay '. Peru. ■ Uruguay. . Vene«iipla EUROPE: Austria Azores Belgium.. Bulgaria Cyprus Ciecho-Slovakia' Denmark ... Iceland ...... Finland ..... France -.........' Germany Greece Hungary .... Malta Netherlands . . . . ' ' Norway Poland...;;; Portugal. ...;;;;"* Rumania • • • • . Russia . . Spain ...;;; ; ; ; ■ • Sweden .... switieriand;;; ;;;;;; Turkey.. United Kingdc 1919 1917 1917 1918 1917 1917 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1917 1917 1919 1917 1918 1917 1917 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 19l9(est) 1918 1919(e8t) 1918 19l8(est) 19l8(e8t) 1917 1918 1918 1915 1918 1918(e8t) 19l8(e8t) 19l8(e8t) lom. 1910 1916 1919 1914 1916 19l2(e8t) 1917 1915 1919(e8t) 1919 1913 1917 1912 19l9(e8t) 1918 19l9(e8t) 1916 19l2(est) 1916 1911 1916 1918 1917 1916 1914 1919 »916,443.432 21,318,310 77,494 82.235.019 3,278,033 2.793.773 3.735.023 6.634.000 6,100,000 5,929.S02 7,821.660 5,970,700 2.398,818 11,106,451 315,587.178 2,744,135 19,736,152 7,625.662 11.000.000 15.100.000 4.373.628 10.917.872 63.3S9.282 20,104,427 1.807,344 404.145,860 13,649,956 337.493,500 159,167.034 22,000,000 9.800,000 6.108,563 16,242,249 2,362,526 1.657.970 10,720.073 62,000,000 37,000.000 21,200,000 585.946.800 ^^4.082,062 979.571.500 47.008.443 „ 4.702.410 354,285,440 272.5,56.000 7,027,749 ^ 418,107,480 5.747,254.167 2,563.354.000 39.440.692 449.06,5,000 3,389.910.126 13.969.681 1.050.975,996 302,782.193 312,000.000 45,768.800 110.060.784 1.405,250.000 109,773,375 203,307.480 459.051.465 1.872,463.185 7.933,398,977 «1.207.6I3,806 22,381,762 ,„ 416,055 183,652,725 231,229 2,802.967 9,623.874 11.319.000 9.000.000 7.754,940 8,900.000 12,a52,605 1.956,038 10,643,954 477,221,863 1.106,190 22.372.344 9.454,550 13.000,000 13,711,197 5,308,960 15,708,711 74,294,022 23,050,228 1,542,222 429,116,220 71,219.012 521.184.000 291,863,277 35,000,000 18,000,000 9,092,588 16,914,029 1.304,222 1.853,620 11.057,721 92,000,500 105,000,000 24,200,000 fil7.528,000 1.561,269 443,224.500 30,060,370 3,443,047 407,784,818 259,424.000 10.606.668 130,645.560 1.681,641.424 2,403,311,000 21,191.911 398,452,000 691,005.290 2,965.630 468,463,992 265,878,067 300,000,000 37.796,400 123,482,031 293,825,000 170,626,895 361.679,400 472,408,808 1,171,507,091 1.678,700,076 »2,124,057,238 43,700,072 ^^ 493,549 265,887,744 3,509,262 5,596,740 13,358,997 17,953,000 15,100,000 13,684,742 16,721,660 18,023,305 4,354,856 ,21,750,405 794,242.578 3,850,325 42.108.469 17,080,212 24,000,000 28,811,197 9.682,588 26,626,583 137,683,304 43,154.955 3.349,566 833,262,060 84.868,968 858,687,000 451,030,311 57,000,000 27,800.000 15,201,151 33,156.378 3,066,748 3,511,590 21.777.794 154,000.000 142,000,000 45,400,000 1,103,474,800 5,643.331 1.422.796,000 77,0<>8.813 I „8, 145.457 ' 762,070,258 531,980,000 17.634,417 , 548.753,040 7,428,895,591 4,966,665,000 60,632,603 ^ 847,517,000 4,080,915,416 . 16,935.311 1.519.439,988 628.660.260 612.000.000 83.565.200 233.542.815 1.699.075.000 280.400.270 564,986,880 ^ 931.460.273 3,043.970,276 12,612.099,053 Table Continued: Coimtry Year ASIA: Aden Afghanistan , Bahrein Island , British North Borneo . . , China Hong Kong Ceylon French Indo-China India, British India, French India, Portuguese Japan Chosen Federated Malay States; Oman Persia Siam Straits Settlements Table continued on page xiz AFRICA: Abyssinia Belgian Congo Basutoland Nvasaland Protectorate ;;;;;; Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia, Northern Union of South Africa British East African Protectorate.. East Africa Mauritius ; ; . Seychelles .' . ; Somaliland Protectorate Uganda Protectorate Zansibar Protectorate Gambia Gold Coast ;;;;;;; Nigeria ;;;;;;; Protectorate of South West Africa; St. Helena Sierra Leone ; . . . Togo ;;; ;; Egypt.. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Senegal Upper Senegal and Niger French Guinea Ivory Coast Dahomey Military Territory of the Niger. .. Algeria Madagascar Reunion Tu."i« Eritrea Italian Somaliland Liberia Morocco Angola CKpe Verde Islands Portuguese Guinea S. Thome and Principe OCEANU: Australia Guam Island ;.;;;;;; Fiji Islands ;;;;;;; New Zealand ;..;;;;; Cook Islands ; ; ; ; Tonga Islands Dutch East Indies ; ; ; tE: ;:;:;; .•:;;::; New Caledonia Territory of Papua ; Samoan Islands Hawaii ; ; __ Philippine Islands ;;;;;; ; ; ; ; ; ; 1918 1918 1918 1917 1918 1918 1917 1917 1919 1917 1916 1919 1917 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1916 1916 1909 1917 1917 1918 1918 1918 1918 1917 1917 1918 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1913 1917 1917 1917 1918 1917 1917 1917 1917 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1917 1918 1916 1917 1913 1917 1916 1916 1917 1916 1918 1918 1917 1918 1917 1917 1918 1916 1913 1917 1918 1917 1918 1919 Imports Exports $22,000,150 6,559,840 7,810,258 3,035,006 774,875,631 296,136,751 59,735,959 72.096,223 548,389,663 2,552,465 3,838,062 1,148,042,976 51,237,228 41,598,007 741.120 70,723,206 38,144,009 367,143,000 4,927,094 13,363,012 1,266.000 1,873,855 1,222,408 1,728,954 240,829,000 13,665,049 5,392,296 12,662,540 412,296 1,373,994 4,611,629 8,554,056 4,819,302 16,458,292 36,609,092 10,552,177 249,322 48,600.000 1,680,908 252,195,658 15,293,436 23,814,126 924,615 4,159,100 2,491.357 5,470,957 344,025 119,351,880 26,399,809 4,246,353 40,038,096 4,062,220 748.378 902,063 62,313,014 9,503,502 5,310,502 2,222,813 6,608,094 295,595,696 358,146 4,915,442 117,934,488 452,660 555.449 223,500,000 459,536 1,638,199 3,488,480 1,379,229 1,463,700 50,453,563 107,774,263 $17,519,089 5,529,000 3,971,800 5,229,714 631,021,429 325,899,375 96,679,791 83,028,606 823,574,016 3,930,700 1,305,729 1,109,722,782 41,724,930 154,454,631 764,308 62,018,460 59,951,629 354,023,000 4,775,320 28,662,860 1,715,748 1,407,626 9,610,888 1,668,622 172,286,000 8,465,823 2,889,984 20,063.931 436.408 1,003,473 22,412,516 8,985,129 5,086,009 30,933,535 42,427,448 17,083,585 266,473 54,466,340 2,302,541 223,674,198 17,208,458 25,522,834 546,089 3,678,281 2,083,219 5,787.456 299,998 137,717,820 16,758.825 5,169,108 25,399,692 2,180,756 1,170,662 1,288,915 24,048.991 7,250,315 358,408 3,111,675 8,121,938 364,671,178 131,757 10,052,428 138,566,273 298,767 601,473 217,800,000 523,738 1,655,889 3,858,840 1,070,121 1,557,367 80,946,626 122,729.238 Total Trade $39,619,239 12.088,840 11,782,058 8,264,720 1,405,897.060 622,036,126 158,415,750 155,124,829 1,371,963,679 6,483,165 5,143,791 2,258,365,75S 92,957,178 196,052,638 1,505,428 132,741,666 98,095.638 721,166,000 9,702,410 42,025,872 2.981,748 3,281.481 10,833,296 3,397,576 413,115,000 22,130.872 8,282.280 32.726.471 848,704 2,377,467 27,024,145 17,539.185 9,905.311 47.391.827 79,036,540 27,635,762 515,795 53,066,340 3,983,449 475,869,856 32.511,894 49,336.960 1,470,704 7,837.381 4,574,576 11,258,413 544,023 257,069,700 43,158.634 9.415.461 65.437.788 6,242,976 1,919.040 2.190,978 86.362.005 16.753.817 5,668,910 5,334.488 14,730,032 660.266,874 489,903 14,967.870 256,500.761 751.427 1,156,922 441,300,000 983,274 3,294,088 7,347,320 2,449.350 3.021.067 131,400.189 230..503.501 XX I^^2EEElf^?£n^^±0PJ0REWN MARKETS '^^^^^^^^^^O^^^^^c^, PORBIO^ ,,,^^^^3 Country Year North America: Canada Mexico... Central America : Costa Rica Honduras Nicaragua .... Panama Salvador ... West Indiea: Cuba Dominican RepiibHo! Guatemala. , Haiti ; Porto Rico... Argentina. . Bolivia., South America: 9h Braiil Chile ;;; Colombia Ecuador... .. British Guiana Dutch Guiana. Paraguay Peru Uruguay. ....".'.'.'* ." Veneiuela Borope: Austria Belgium. , . . ' ' ' Bulgaria. ...'.'.'" Caecho-Slovakia. Denmark. Finland*. .... . France ........ Germany [\ Greece Hungary...;;;; Italy* The Netherlands Norway. Portugal . . ; ; Rumania Russia Spain ;;;;;; Sweden Switzerland. United Kingdom ; Africa: Algeria Egypt Union of South Africa. Asia: te:::; India (British) Indo-China, French'. Pereia Oceania: Australia . . . Dutch East indiei.; ; Malay States. Federated';; New Zealand ... Philippines ; ; Siam lfote.--*Estimated 1919 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 1910 1913 1914 1919 1914 1919 1918 1913 1917 1912 1919 1917 1916 1916 1911 1913 1917 1917 1916 1919 1918 1918 1918 1919 1918 1919 1917 1917 1919 1918 1917 1918 1919 1919 Imports 1127.16 5.30 8.46 9.38 8.43 17.38 4.68 113.27 27.87 3.31 4.20 52.82 61.20 6.50 10.52 41.12 4.33 4.40 54.80 25.77 10.20 13.77 26.81 7.49 90.16 120.20 10.60 6.56 73.04 88.10 97.05 37.04 14.92 24.75 97.73 48.75 137.83 7.68 14.65 4.81 11.47 53.03 116.59 172.13 21.52 20.31 40.31 20.20 2.20 1.73 4.30 7.44 90.64 4.73 40.10 106.81 11.34 4.32 Exports 1161.08 11.85 21.17 13.84 11.02 19.77 9.36 157.30 31.68 5.65 4.40 61.90 97.97 34.00 13.11 75.42 6.90 9.50 57.17 14.12 10.54 20 45 76.09 8.56 79.61 93.67 8.53 8.72 79.63 9.67 18.38 35.42 8.93 21.96 19.40 31.26 99.32 6.34 16.44 5.25 11.93 72.44 120.97 101.51 20.79 17.08 12.76 19.51 2.21 2.61 4.88 6.53 103.36 4.63 139.30 126.02 12.81 6.78 Total S288.24 17.15 30.17 23.22 19.45 37.15 14.04 270.57 59.55 8.96 8.60 114.72 159.17 40.50 23.63 116.54 11.23 13.90 111.97 39.89 20.74 33.22 102 90 16.05 169.77 213.87 19.13 15.28 152.67 97.77 115.43 72.46 23.85 46.71 117.13 80.01 237.15 14.02 31.09 10.06 23.41 125.47 237.66 273.64 42.81 37.39 53.07 39.71 4.41 4.34 9.18 13.97 194.00 9.38 179.40 232.83 24.15 11.10 ADDENDA The foUowing information waa received after the text of the book had gone to press: FOREIGN TRADE OF FRANCE (Calendar Year 1919) Imports Exports Food products $1,665,485,973 2,551,794,855 1*529,973,339 • Raw materials Manufactured articles. Postal packages '.!;;;;;;;;;;;; Total $187,144,959 373.SO4.909 1.019,767,996 100,923,560 15.747.254.167 $1,681,641,424 These statistics include the trade of Alsace ]Lorraine. FOREIGN TRADE OF BELGIUM (Calendar Year 1919) . Bel^an imports during the calendar year 1919 amounted to $979,571 500 excluding loSSd'to^fc224^^^^^^^^^ .^^P^^*« dTnftlit samTS amouniea lo ;H4d,2J4,500. Total trade amounted to $1,422,796,000. FOREIGN TRADE OF THE NETHERLANDS amou^tt74''s^'S^'°wV^ ""^ the calendar year 1919 theimporte of the Netherlands amounted to $78«,d22,000, while exports amounted to $351,348,000. FOREIGN TRADE OF JAPAN (Calendar Year 1919) ^(\Fi tS^ ^nf Jk^'^ *'"*^! °- "^^P?? ^'^"''^ *^ calendar year 1919 amounted to $2 258 - $M09f722^82. ^ ''"^'''^ '""'" "^^"^ ^* $1,148,642,976 and Sports at Some of the principal imports and exports of Japan for the calendar year 1919: Rice Beans... Sugar.. . Raw cotton Oil cakes. Pulp Iron bars. Petroleum Paper Machinery 1919 $79,841,850 17,258,688 29,057,802 332,190,900 66,272,346 5,254,896 78,064,986 10,701,024 90.093,480 44,311,542 Beans Waste milk . . . Raw silk Cotton yams . Copper Zmc. Silk tissues. . . . Cotton tissues. Knit goods . . . Toys $15,892,674 9.911,694 310,512,462 57,046,298 9.769,266 1,459,638 81,882,156 139,566,492 19,351,284 6.393.324 li XXll EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF Fnnpjn^ ^.^yp^-? TRADE OF BRITISH INDU BY COUNTRIES FOR 1918-1919 India''fbV?he Sytr fr'om t'rilt mrK*"1i%r1f ^^"^^^ ''<^-) of British foreign trade of InL durfn" i^ili^^\^ t^^ll^^^lX' '^^ "^"^ "'^"'' °' '''« Imports From 1918-19 Exports To BRITISH EMPIRE La- United Kingdom Aden and dependencies .... Ceylon .!..!! Straights Settlements (including buan) Hongkong Egypt ...'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'" Mauntius and dependencies (including Seychelles) ^ * Zanzibar and Pemba .........] East African Protectorate! . . . Canada Australia , ..", Other British possessionis. . '. . , $249,801,377 2,893,746 9,506,342 18,189,940 5,783,113 5.307,601 8,311,434 2,535,365 3.461,256 166,590 7,039,419 1,660,643 1918-19 BBITIBH EMPIRE Total. $314,656,826 FOREIGN COUNTRIES Russia Sweden Norway Germany HoUand Belgium France Spain Switzerland Italy Austria-Hungary . Turkey, A^atip. . Arabia Persia Sumatra Java Borneo (Dutch).. Siam China (exclusive Macao) ..... Japan Portuguese East Africa Italian East Africa United States * Other foreign oouotri es. Uni ted Kingdom . . Gibralter Aden and dependencies Ceylon Straights Settleiiients * (includiMLa^ buan) » ^^tr Hongkong Egypt .....'..'.'.*.".'.',' Cape Colony . Natal.... '^S^ctellS'*.'*^"^^''''^^^ (iiicluding Zanzibar and Pemba gJJ*^frican Protectorate'. .'.'.'.['.'.'.[ British West* India "islands Australia (including New Zealand) Uther British po8se88ij>ns Total. rOREION COUNTHIE8 of Hongkong and Total. Grand total. $15,724 1,668,410 2,927,823 745 822,529 20,415 5,990,527 1.001,759 1,488.080 2.975,826 49 1,463,232 1,291,452 3,626.753 186.338 36.204.361 1,331.5441 1,148,027 8,017,554 108,759,008 328,996 783,121 52,391,522 1,302,480 $233,74^.275 $548,403,101 Russia Sweden ' Norway Germany. . , Holland ;;;; Belgium France , , Spain ! Switzerland . . . . . Italy Austria-Hungary. , Turkey, Asiatic. . . Arabia Persia Sumatra Borneo and Java. . Siam Indo-China, etc.! China (excliisive Macao) Japan '[ Portuguese East Africa . ! ! Italian East Africa Other East African jwrta.! United States West Indies South America Oceania ! ! ! ! Other foreign countries . . . Total Grand total $226,931,421 144^0 6,734.766 32,808,543 22,782,724 15,850,352 47,847,025 3.436,326 7,295,967 4,129.979 1.418,343 2,232,236 7.841,579 1.318,218 23,631,438 6,696.129 $410,098,536 of Hongkong and $458,363 1.021,067 3bi',632 35,117 28,771,496 1,869,590 494,802 30,922,194 479,930 12.977,860 5,028,400 10,231,773 1.122,814 11.256,227 3,480,226 8,111,981 9,092,685 94,550,181 3,922,951 187,789 1.350,097 107.282,561 6.003,625 22,220,843 1.390.078 3,731,399 $366,295,071 $776,393,607 FOREIGN TRADE OF DAHOMEY vBh^^H^l^JiTJ^y ^'^A^ ""^ Dahomey in 1918 amounted to $11,258,413, valued at $5,470,957, and exports at $5,787,456. ,*^o,-±io. Imports were ADDENDA xxm FOREIGN TRADE OF CHILE 1918 Chilian imports in 1918 classified by groups of industries: Articles Extractive industries: Mineral products Lumber, fish, game Animals and animal products. Agricultural products. Total Articles 1918 Manufacturing industries: Transportation supplies . Foodstuffs Liquors and beverages. ! $9,369,014 1,438,965 4,599,115 7,485,368 $22,892,462 $7,817,559 12,461,381 1,307,295 Tobacco, manufactured Textiles Drugs and chemicals Iron, steel and other metal nifts! Machinery, tools, etc Miscellaneous goods Total Coins and precious metals. Grand total . $496,133 46,396,006 14,210.580 13,893,291 11,891.021 12,823.253 $121,296,539 14,978,&47 $169,167,648 Principal Chilian exports for 1918, classified by groups of industries: Articles 1918 Articles 1918 Extractive industries: Mineral products Lumber, fish and game . . ! ! ! ! Animals and animal products. Agricultural products $235,176,734 702.539 15.971.689 12,240,638 Total. Manufacturing indtistries: Foodstuffs Liquors and beverages. . Tobacco, manufactured. Textiles Drugs and chemicals . $264,091,600 $12,447,899 167.813 4.981 237,728 664.576 Metal goods Industrial machinery .... Transportation supplies. . , Miscellaneous goods , Total Coins and precious metals Total domestic products Reexports Total domestic and foreign exports $841 5,376 174,567 771,456 Share of each of the ports of Chile in the export trade of 1918: $14,475,237 155.370 $278,722,270 13,141.060 $291,863,267 Ports 1918 Ports 1918 Arica Pisagua Junin Iquique Calita Buena. Tocopilla. . . . Gatico Antof agasta . . Mejillones Cotoso Taltal Caldera Chanaral Carrizal Bajo. $2,600,730 7,921,069 5,636,419 50,560,336 18,411,012 12,381,433 1.467.849 52.819,266 37,998.517 13.630,203 16,094,147 2,318,556 97,226 365,562 Coquimbo Guayacan Los Andes. . . Valparaiso. . . Talcahuano. . Tome Penco Coronel Lota Lebu Valdivia Puerto Montt . Punt a Arenas. Frontiers $742,398 202,099 7,454,833 35.590,170 6,434.621 2,045,737 1,154,661 528,726 155.479 9.552 129,021 54,654 15,075,207 83,842 PRODUCTION OF PIG IRON AND STEEL IN GERMANY in ll/sf^*'"" ^""^ ^^^ ^''* '^''^^ "'^^^^ ^^ 1^1^' compared with the corresponding period Pig Iron Tons 1919 3.974,065 Steel Tons 1918 6,228,940 Decrease Per Cent 36.2 Tons 1919 4,647,323 Tons 1918 8,943,135 Decrease Per Cent 47 CANADA NORTH AMERICA DOMINION OF CANADA The dominion comprises nine provinces: Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan* and the temtory of Yukon and Northwestern Territories, districts formerly known as Kee-' watin, Rupert's Land and the Northwest Territory. The total area of Canada is 3 603 - 910 square miles; the total population, 7,206,643. ' ' Population of principal cities and towns in 1911: Cities and Towns Provinces Montreal Toronto Winnipeg Vancouver Ottawa Hamilton Suebec alifax London Calgary 8t. John Victoria Regina Edmonton Brantfoni Kingston Maisonneuve Peterborough Hull Windsor Sydney. Glace Bay Fort William Sherbrooke Kitchener Guelph Westmount St. Thomas Brandon Mooseiaw Three Rivers New Westminster.. Stratford Owen Sound Ht. Catharines. . . . Saskatoon Verdun Moncton Port Arthur J-'harlottetown . . . Sault St e. Marie... t^hatham l^achine . . . Gait Quebec . Ontario Manitoba . British Columbia. Ontario Ontario Quebec Nova Scotia Ontario Alberta New Brunswick British Columbia Saskatchewan Alberta Ontario ^tario Quebec Ontario Quebec Ontario Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Ontario Quebec Ontario Ontario Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Quebec British Columbia Ontario Ontario Ontario Saskatchewan Quebec New Bnmswick Ontario Pnnce Edward Island. , Ontario Ontario Quebec , Ontario Population . 470,480 476,538 136,035 100,401 87,062 81,969 78,710 46,619 46,300 43,704 42.511 31.660 30.213 24,900 23.132 18,874 18,684 18,360 18.222 17,829 17.723 16,562 16.499 16,405 15,196 15,175 14,579 14,054 13,839 13,823 13,691 13,199 12,946 12.558 12,484 12,004 11,629 11,345 11,220 11,198 10,984 10,770 10,699 10,299 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Cominerce Trade of Canada for twelve months ending December 31, 1919 (calendar year 1919) compared with twelve months ending December 31, 1918: Year Imports EzPOBTS Total Trade 1919. 1918. $940,567,781 906.670.404 $1,232,255,606 1.229,204,244 $2,172,832,387 2.135,874.648 CANADA Ten-year table of foreign trade, 1910-1919, for fiscal years ending March 31 : -^- Imports Exports Imports Exports IQIO $369,815,427 451.745.108 521.448.309 670.089.066 618.457.144 445.446.312 $298,763,993 290,000,210 307,716,151 377,068,355 455,437.224 461.442,509 1916 $507,817,159 845,356.306 962.543.746 916,443.432 940,567,781 $779,300,070 lOII 1917 1,179,211,100 1012 1918 1.586.169.792 1Q13 1919 1.207,613.806 1014 1919* 1.232.255.606 1915 Note (*) Figures for the calendar year. Eleven year table of the total foreign trade of the United States with Canada: Value of principal articles of import during years ending October 1918 and 1919: Year ended June 30 Exports Domestic Foreign Total Imports Free Dutiable Total 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. $153,608,991 202.548.023 256,371.775 314.895.910 397,426.817 329,791,348 283,913,453 445,913.463 758,596.251 744.084,425 $9,839,665 13,441,998 13,434,238 14.361,284 18.022,640 14,925.633 16,773.359 22,871,330 28.580,848 34.405,597 Per cent. free Excess of exports (♦) or imports (-) $163,448,656 215,990,021 269.806.013 329,257.194 415,449,457 344,716.981 300.686.812 468.784,793 787.177,099 778,490,022 813.723,031 $33,309,672 43,024,372 46,991,271 50,214,329 64,006,573 115,040,442 136,784.408 172,964,669 252,671,581 363.464.267 $46,007,383 52,ia3,938 53,872,147 58,599,039 56,564.607 45.649.287 22.787,304 31,053,558 68,277.911 70,790,300 $79,317,055 95,128,310 100363,418 108.813,368 120.571,180 160,689,709 159,571,712 204,018,227 320,949,492 434,254.567 468,954.818 42.00 46.23 46.59 46.15 53.09 71.60 85.72 84.78 78.72 83.70 *$84,131.601 +120.861.711 +168.942,595 ♦220,433,826 ♦294,878,277 +184,027,272 +141,115,100 +264,766,566 +466.227,607 +344.235,455 +344,768,213 Value of imports and exports showing principal countries of origin and destination during years ending October, 1918 and 1919: Countries Imports 1918 1919 Exports 1918 1919 United Kingdom Australia British East Indies British Guiana British South Africa British West Indies Hongkong Newfoundland New Zealand Other British Empire Argentina Brazil China Cuba France Italy Japan Netherlands United States Other foreign countries . . . . Total $69,656,921 3,967,701 17,292,461 5,507,911 784,592 8,163,475 2,334,571 3.123,041 6,034,807 1,831,137 1,088,323 783,960 1,795,163 1,699,647 3,981,135 653,360 13,093,926 675,460 736,106,162 17,523,698 $896,097,451 $81,496,784 2.975.021 12,011.067 7.869,588 948.734 10.104.021 1.649.900 2,298,669 5,198,725 801,225 1.981,629 1.597.478 1,289,570 9,430,216 6.562,934 575,694 12,443.476 1,105,276 714,274,832 28.738.686 $902,453,525 $693,895,712 11.150,641 2,470,580 2,275,881 8.912.025 8,370.319 594,416 11,109,432 4,783,336 2,341,496 2,137,266 3.885.370 2.825,024 4,321,161 115,231,069 6,440,901 9,113.776 1,172,499 424,179,972 10,760.355 $1,325,971,231 $524,158,948 13,079,704 5,783,053 2,678,335 10,612,343 10,727,588 1.240.816 14,627,201 6,689,116 7,250,624 6,942.533 1.871.646 3,196,885 6,154,571 66,484.362 19,548,962 9.005,454 2,588,712 439,341.339 45.458.615 $1,197,440,607 Articles 1918 Animals, living Articles for army and navy . Asphaltum and asphalt Books and printed matter . . Breadstuffs Bricks, clays and tiles Butter L^neese ...«•.. Chemicals Clocks and watches Coal, anthracite Coal, bituminous Cocoa and chocolate Coffee Cotton Curtains and shams Earthenware and chinaware Eggs Fish Flax, hemp and jute Furs Hides snd skins Jewelry Lard Leather Meats Metals: Brass Copper Gold and silver Iron and steel Lead Tin Zinc Musical instruments Paints, colors and varnish . . Paper Pickles and sauces Ribbons. . . . Rubber Seeds Settlers' effects. .....'..'.'." SUk Soap !!!!!!. Stone, marble and 'slate . . . . Sugar and molasses .... Tea Tobacco , . Tobax-co pipes, etc vegetabes Vehicles.... Vessels... Wood... Wool... $1,836,547 65,003,364 394,273 6,748,935 24.335,341 4,690.016 146.564 103.204 31,915,999 2,359.727 25.680.108 45.029.212 3.764,212 1.892.447 66.290.572 328,392 2,087,930 1.086,080 2,741,161 14,072,374 4,646,529 5,592,815 826,154 628,487 11,083,992 7,812,297 4,903,218 6,251,066 255,601 150.431,690 1.201,192 14,900,870 1.447,244 3,436,476 3,313,428 7,857,264 476.879 1.766.531 12,234,767 2,114,972 6,008,987 19,245,061 1,315,230 2,046,999 35,700,901 8,315,701 10,072,644 712,578 4,274,286 19,435,946 2,924,176 16,248,072 36,347,340 1919 $2,251,479 11.315,558 411.961 9.933.509 20.361,731 2,572,382 706,333 64,083 22.038,282 2,736.710 30.929.928 33.283.016 5.083,387 3.036,312 69,293,555 397,436 2.872.974 961.064 2.730.806 12.189,027 5.899.065 14.342.769 1.008.172 631.065 13.248.589 19.109.466 4.546.371 6.610,848 455.390 152.576,431 749,059 11.433,089 855.029 3,355,044 3,578,389 9,056,774 445.521 1.897,426 11,653,687 2,107,780 8.768.654 23.636.355 1.174,234 2,537,308 69.260,240 5.143,916 13.204,886 903,012 5,125,927 25,634,601 6,308,749 19.637,957 42,775,314 DAMAGED PAGE(S) EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Value of principal articles of export during years ending October 1918 and 1919: Articles 1918 Animala, living Butter Cheese Clothing Coal Cartridges Other explosives Fish Purs Grain: Oats Wheat Other Rrain , Hides and skins Leather , Meats: Bacon and ham , Beef Canned meats Pork Other meats Metals: Aluminum , Asbestos Brass, old koA scrap . GSr";::::;;::;:;;::: Iron and steel Nickel Silver Milk and cream Paper, printing Paper, other Rubber Seeds, flax Textiles Vegetables Vemdes: Automobiles Automobile parts Wheat flour Wood, unmanufactured . . . . Wood pulp Wood, other manufactured . $21,224,857 2,922.088 40,078.058 15,207,845 9,573,414 257,748.932 38.571.923 32.515.725 9.9(M,940 16.487.528 229.955,129 12.433.735 6.613.650 14.143.624 39.561.691 19.723.346 2.146.631 7,518.706 1.039,723 7366.659 7.458,497 1,877,018 20.742.821 10.907.860 46.236.177 10.546.035 17,746,373 8,166,651 86,916.852 6,574.527 3.814.925 11.660.631 18.404,591 11.985.313 3,692,524 1.202,055 108.637,798 63,822.510 31.366.990 821.441 Total exports . $1,325,971,230 1919 $48,603,362 8.859.374 29.862,286 7.103,791 10,264.656 55.199,908 16.716.168 42.783.247 18,344.405 10.261.151 130.656.092 20.484.007 14.660.764 13.580.413 70.234.400 26,360.581 5.027.458 5.458.985 2,696,366 3,676,108 9,332.824 1.184.816 15.801.603 5,601.683 66,748,571 8,002,355 17,288,142 8,450389 46.959.687 9.741.389 8.204.669 5.280.826 17.658.482 12.700.883 11,291.104 3.526.202 104.796.593 85.602.681 35.516.440 2.376.720 $1,197,432,807 Production and Industry Agriculture: The prairie Provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta form the granary of Canada. The following table shows the grain yield in bushels of four principal crops in the three provinces in 1917 and 1918: Grains Wheat Oats.. Barley Flax.. 1917 1918 211,953.100 254.877.200 40.834.100 8,538,800 164.436.100 222.049.500 47,607.400 5.776,000 CANADA Total yield and acreage of the Dominion for principal crops in 1917 and 1918: Crop 1917 1918 Yield in Bushels Area in Acres Yield in Bushels Area in Acres Wheat 233.742.850 403.009.300 55,058.000 5.935.000 13.026.000 16.157.000 13.684.700(tons) 262.400(tons) 78.892.000 3.857.000 14.755.850 12.313.400 2.392.200 919.500 198.881 497.236 8.225.634 109.825 656.950 211,888 189,301,350 380,273,500 77.290.240 5,972,200 3.099.400 35,662,300 14,772,300(ton8) 446,400(ton3) 104,364,200 8,504,400 Oata 17.353.902 Barley 14,795,336 Flax 3,153,711 Peaa 1,068,120 Mixed Grains 235,926 Ha ind clover 921,826 Alfalfa 10,544,625 Potatoes 196,420 Rye 735,192 555.294 Number of farms of various sizes in the Dominion in 1911: Size of Holdings Under 1 acre 1 to under 5 acres. 5 to 10 acres 11 to 50 acres 51 to 100 acres 101 to 200 acres 201 acres and over. . . All Canada Total. Number 29,967 43.710 24,347 88,964 162,537 228,236 132,920 Manitoba 710.681 Number 1,280 1.773 791 1,575 2,103 18,327 20,498 Saskatchewan 46.347 Number 317 246 214 729 941 48.366 45.558 96.371 The principal characteristics of the agricultural industries of the Provinces may be summed up as follows: Alberta: wheat, oats, barley, flax and rye. Until 1900 was center of largest ranching industry on the continent; this has given way to farming, but is still important Hog raising has resulted in the establishment of packing plants at Calgary, Edmonton and Lethbndge. Creameries and dairies are important. British Columbia: Agriculture undeveloped. There are about 25,000,000 acres of tential farm land, nine-tenths of which is unoccupied. Manitoba: Grain production, creameries and dairies. . New Brunswick: wheat, barley, potatoes. Dairying extensive. ^ Nova Scotia: hay and clover. The livestock industry is most important, as pasturage Ontario: Wheat, bariey, beans, potatoes, etc. Produces about one-half the dairy >ducts of Canada. Fruit is grown near Hamilton, which is the garden spot of Canada vnd tobacco is raised. ' Prince Edward Island: Wheat, bariey, oats, etc. Center of fur trade, silver fox beinir raised on about 350 ranches. * Quebec: WTieat, oats, etc. Center for raising French-Canadian cattle. Extensive dairy industry. ^i-cuaivc Saskatchewan: wheat, oats and barley. Has a well developed dairy industry. ..vestock: 2'lfi»^. -tatoe. ea.ba., etc. built, the latter centering at GraLd FalWd fi^p^ fI"'"*' ""^ ""'" "^ "^^^ ''««" The tr of-^JK^^Ztrr:^'^;^^^^^^^^^^^ "^-"^ --^ ««- •-- been located. 100,447; swine, 27,575. Fishing " TosuZ'rtfr^ '^^' ''*"'^' *''^7; «•>««?. were engaged in it. In the same year t^ere wT '°''"'''^'' '° '^ll, 67,040 persons and 5,376 mechanics. ^ "* "''" enumerated 2,915 farmers, 2,260 miners Commerce and L^r '^"^ "^ '"^ '"''^ ^"■^'^^ *-<^^ of t-e United States with Newfoundland 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 191.3., 1914.. 1915.. 1916.. 1917. 1918.. 1919.. $3,936,449 4,063,4'J4 4.590,4.58 4.567.734 4,846,623 5,697,1281 5.328,629 6.994.884 9,814,274 9,428,467 $3,194 11,308 13,924 18,688 41.995 37,898 23,999 128,957 112,779 227,677 $3,939,643 4,074.802 4,604.382 4,586.422 4,888.618 5.735.026 5,352.628 7,123.841 9,927,a53 9,656,144 14.545,065] $524,422 385,185 527,960 420,771 465,709 1,022,947 1,216,005 1,586.503 2,588.098 6.059,080 $623,653 844.503 952,975 860.451 686,166 292,332 175,663 280,185 405,332 159,224 $1,148,075 1,229.688 1,380,935 1,281,222 1,151,875 1.315.279 1,391,668 1,866.688 2,993.430 6.21S..304 6,032,781 45.68 31.32 38.23 32.84 40.43 77.77 87.38 84.99 86.46 97.44 *$2,791.568 ♦2,845,114 *3.223,447 *3.305,200 ♦3.736.743 ♦4,419.747 +3,960.960 ♦5.257.1.53 ♦6.9.3.3.623 ♦3.4.37.S40 ♦8.512,284 Principal articles of import for years 1914-15 to 1916-17: Beef (salted) Butter.. . Coal Flour '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Cottons, woolens,' silks' linens 'and a'Diia'r^i Leather and leatherware aPParei Mo Wr ^*'°"' '^^^^y "material") •.•.■;: Pork ■; Salt '.'.'.'.'..'.'. Sugar. . Tea ■ . .'l'.'.ll[[['.'.l[[ Tobacco ] . . ^ Wines and spirits. $465,940 168,145 849.189 2,168..579 1.079.967 368.688 885.033 218.282 642.911 112.485 373,085 205.731 115.999 60.635 $554,009 172.373 935,734 2.474.891 2.014.662 596.664 1.113.191 339.502 609.245 225.513 497.261 353.153 177.245 89,871 $895,532 158,645 990.431 2,939.599 2.920.146 714.029 2.270.658 466.356 1,106,774 274.663 682,862 316.183 210,539 64,499 NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR 11 Value of imports from principal countries of origin from 1912-13 to 1916-17: Country 1912-13 1913-14 1914-15 Austria Argentina Belgium Brazil British West Indies . Canada Ceylon China Denmark France Foreign West Indies. Germany Greece Holland India Italy Japan Malta Norway Portugal Russia Spain St. Pierre Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom. . . . United States $2,417 15,156 177 308.351 5.215,577 140,251 219 5.983 14,206 2.399 33,842 43,801 46,581 17,072 744 337 462 15.623 18,664 $4,650 26,542 31 222,801 4,861,047 99,421 3 3,953 16,636 2,999 59,345 35,484 47,320 9,066 839 737 127 6,948 19,970 $1,517 15,412 4,735 397 214.202 4,509.827 132,011 Total. 123,858 10.510 9,484 1,380 4,405,103 5,573,733 113,541 10.535 10,593 5.608 3,826.529 5,796,906 $16,012,365 $15,193,726 26 4.645 1,387 10,343 22.505 24.269 12,276 6,344 407 36 9.842 9,295 870 83,215 20,101 11,042 1,385 2.311.945 4.943.752 $12,350,786 Values of exports to various countries, 1912-13 to 1916-17: Country Algeria Argentina .' , Australia iaelgium Brazil .' " British West Indies . Canada South Africa ....... China [[ Columbia Costa Rica ...... Denmark .'...' France Foreign West' Indie's. Germany vjrreece . . Holland.;;; Italy....;::::;;; • Madeira . . Malta ^oTway ::::: ranama Portugal . Cl_ • * spam . . St. Pierre:::;:::::: Sweden . . United kingdom; ; '. United States 1912-13 $450 '4;i45" 3,150 2,589,605 504,963 2,260,348 151 100 • ••••••■•a 486 6,387 536 88,674 305,224 284,216 148,671 1,158,861 34,713 16.585 3,550 1,251.160 1.240.394 10.071 2.700 3.427.026 1.330.667 1913-14 $620 102,161 6,476 3,250 3,240,487 526,331 1,971,809 206 4,023 975 7.348 1,972 71,232 293,573 403,662 176,991 1,087,858 18,028 16,405 362 2,482 988,930 1,260,649 8,868 3.125 3.256.446 1.679.362 1914-15 $996 • •■••••■■■a 5.755 "isw.sii* 533.468 1,394,663 86 " " 19.869 ' 739 1.500 3,381 13,922 264 346,799 45,430 897,929 5,755 9,169 155 1,'023,798' 1,269,030 10,684 '3,'l9'6;.353' 1,537,385 $15,134,543 $13,136,830 1915-16 1.109 252 350.139 6.870,456 201,962 3 5,062 1.415 38,231 16.949 23,666 2,626 482 103 15,575 12.186 77 175.570 19,902 11.595 2.566 2,579.614 7,097,779 $16,427,336 1915-16 $2,458 • ••••■•■■a 6,310 "3,"l89;746' 682,925 2,021,972 15,346 21 "2,"27'9;769' 2,021,496 3,789 *4,582;379* 2,540,606 $18,969,493 1916-17 5 508,885 7,412,300 221.029 16 58 2,679 2,253 20.983 2,736 8.421 1.739 2,962 20.755 38,996 168.925 19.286 29.026 3.324 2.620.033 10.233,899 $21,318,310 1916-17 $650 i'2;899 '2,59V, i27 987,201 2,042.117 to* 3,565' ■ '£,iiii 250 4,314 28,924 43,366 "2'6'5'.437" "■"U(S9',484" 127,772 174,658 '2,'09'8;589 23,733 6,005 2.919,928 2,575,069 13,296 4,83"6;674 4,047,842 $22,381,762 12 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS l\ w Principal articles of export for the years 1914-15 to 1916-17: Articles Dry codfish Herring, pickled . . . Herring, bulk Herring, frozen. . . . Salmon, pickled Lobsters, preserved . Cod oil Refined cod oil .... ] Seal oil Seal skins. . Whale oil ',[',[] Copper * * Iron Pyrites...'.*.".'.*, Iron ores Lumber Pulp and Paper .* . " 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 $7,332,287 414,278 96,425 40,306 74,910 92,228 434.709 35,837 292.513 376,343 53,327 39,000 18,625 563,189 1,166 2,196.413 $10,394,041 $12,876,847 «53,085 993.741 133,053 79.937 90,006 49,784 47.182 41,297 148,303 107,293 682,334 254.562 910.079 471,629 403,640 619,819 206,449 433,791 57.669 46,233 111.440 204^07 917,741 99*2,618 31.008 147.495 2,999.377 2.14S.205 Money, Weights and Measures: As in Canada. Railroads: mi JVSatlr" ''' """ °' «°""""*"' '--■ «-«o 3^ f-t. -d forty^ven Post Offices: Seven hundred and thirty-eight. Telegraph and Telephone: There are 4,524 miles of telegraph line; and 926 miles of telephone line Parcels Post: >2 eS::tTit"^ctrrr^.^rri\rti^^^^^^^^^ "rrt «- durmg the months of July, August and SepteXt '" ""''' ^ ''"^'"^'^ ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON foundLd "^h rTa omM" is te ° '■"'" ^""'^ ""^ *° »"« -""> «-' of New- of Miquelon Groupie : gh tyl^^h^ ^quTre m^-™ "', ■:"'"'?"'"' ''"' '■"^- ^he area three square miles^otal populaton 4 652 ""}^-'^r^"°"' l^"- «3; total area ninety- chief town is St Pierre wh.I K ' ■ '^'"°^' "* possessions of France. The Halifax. The iL^ T^ng ;ictairbir*"T """""""^ """ ^'^ «'<^«^ ^"^ principal industry is cod fehfn?wht^hrr°"^ "' """""^ *" agriculture, and the MEXICO 13 MEXICO A republic in North America, lying immediately south of the United States Jersey ptnT,1 ^**/^'=<'J^,''''o"t equal to that of the New England states. New York, New cSa Sr ■"';• r""' ^''^'"'"' ^'''' ^'"^'^' ^^'^''^d, Kentucky, korth The'^m'iLt'! °°'^ *'"' ""^"^ '" ^*"''°' *''^ ""y- °' ^'"°"'«f. a^d the dry, or winter. P^ce^Te r ™"'' ^''^ "*"*• '^''^ "''™^^* """"ths are April and May, which Sr vlri„t '' fr" *"'*"'''"'^ ''"^ '""« *° November. The central plat au has greater vanat.ons of temperature than the lowlands, and the nights are always cool. agricilJju,^""!?' ;'«''^*"^f°f. Mexico are mining, the exploitation of the oU fields, and wheat tohJ.n T^„ ag™"ltural products are corn, cotton, henequen (sLi hemp) Seal Plant. coH "^i I""' """"P"' "'-"f'«=t«""g industries consist of the meta I lurgical plants, cotton mills, breweries, paper mills and packing houses. reach'rC^lrrd'SmTn;' "" °' ''^ ""''^ """"'"-^ «° ^^^ ^^^ '« ^^-^--^ «" P riance, and was one of the most important of our foreign markets. been^'Sy S^d" wHh°' *"' """"''' " ''''' ''"' ^'"^^ *''^° '*^ development has 14 41 r I EXP ORTER'S GAZETTEER OFJ OREiaviu.r>..r- AB,encan country, with the exception of Cuba and A^glnlLa '^ '° '^^ °'''" ^*'"- imports to $5.30; exportTtTtlllr '^ ^ '"'**'' *''^* '^°"°t<^ *<> «7.1S; rp. Area and Population the al?ormo'"f^'l!ot° °' *'^ ''^**'' ^^""°"- -<» ^-"^-l District, according to Chihuahua Sonora ] Coahuila I^wer California. IHirango Oaxaca * * Yucatan. . . . ." Jalisco [[[[ Tamaulipas ..,.*" Vera Cruj * .* * Sinaloa .' ' ' Chiapas .'.','* Guerrero [[ Zacatecas * ' San Luis Potosi . * Nuevo Le6n . 89,974 76,619 63,728 58.328 42,265 35,382 35,203 33,496 31,758 29,283 27,552 27,222 24.995 24,457 24,000 23,678 405,265 262,545 367,652 52,244 436,147 1,041,035 337 020 1,202.802 249,253 1.124,368 323,499 436,817 605.437 475,863 624.748 368,929 Michoac^n . Campeche . Puebla.... The population of the chief cities Tepic . Guanajuato Tabasco Mexico Hidalgo ." ,' Quer^taro. . . . ' Aguascalientes . Morelos Colima Tlaxcala Federal District 22,636 18,086 12.203 10,951 10,948 10,072 8,849 8,575 4,492 2,969 2,733 2,172 1.594 579 467,097 991,649 85,795 1,092,456 171,837 1,075,270 183,708 975,019 641.895 243,515 1 18,978 179.814 77,704 183,805 719,052 15.063,207 Mnnf^ro,r 7Qr:oo.T,'... ' ^"^^.^^-^^jara, 119,468; San Louis Potosi, 68,022; Leon, 57,722- ; M^rida, 62,447 Aguascalientes, 48,633; Toluca, estimate does not take into accLntX^facXt ^S^kT^^'T "' ^ >*' '*''*- •"« ^is amount of Indian blood. """^ "' ** '*'"*« Population has a large Statistics of Mexican foreien traHo a^^f-'* u » thetotalforeigntradeof Mercofn T9trsS2^^^^^ '""^ ''''' ^^ ^^^ of to $82,235,019 and exports to $183,652 7^5 ^^^^'^^'^^' ^^ *his total, imports amounted Year ended June 30 Value of the total foreien trade of the United Stat^ ^>K M..„„ ,.. „,,,„ ^^^. Exports Domestic 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 149,117,067 57,345,549 60.247.097 51,961.408 52.952.421 37,080,868 32,219,9231 46,366,035 77,336.643 105.168.145 $676,256 848,155 1.034,618 885,721 1.431.003 1.667.925 1.944.524 1.579,484 1,667,954 1.908,888 $49,793,.323 58,193.704 61,281,715 52,847,129 54,383.424 38,748,793 34.164,447 47,945,519 79,004,597 107,077,033 119,962,982 $37,517,986 48,441.499 47.713,167 53.085,903 63,922.151 83.770.616 66,479,605 83.075.356 98.560,865 121,967,230 $10,194,228 10.354.444 9,736,944 12.829.410 13,621,691 8,919,950 11.133,086 14.601,188 13.577,812 18,692,312 $47,712,214 58,795,943 57,4.50,111 65.915,313 77.543.842 92,690,566 77.612.691 97,676.544 112.138.677 140,659,542 157,693,457 78.64 82.39 83.04 80.54 82.43 90.38 85.66 85.05 87.90 86.71 • • • • • I ♦$2,081,109 -602,239 ♦3,831.604 -13,068,184 -23,160.418 -53,941,773 -43,448.244 -49.731,025 -33.134.080 -33,582.509 -37.730.475 MEXICO 15 Imports from principal countries in 1918 (values in United States currency) : Country Country United States. . . United Kingdom Cuba Spain Hindostan Guatemala Italy Switzerland Japan China Nicaragua $70,576,314 4,787,725 1,377.351 994,577 652,533 510,053 332,323 223,923 166,335 164,744 129.603 Honduras Argentina ,[[ Peru " Salvador * " Java Ecuador '.'.'.'... Dominican Republic Venezuela Colombia Costa Rica , Other countries .... $94,112 93,665 86,935 69.063 58.243 47,917 42,969 29,249 26,157 25,863 1.736,366 Imports by major classifications during 1918 (values in United States currenc3'): Classes Classes Animal products to qq^ qo« yegetabfe products .....' it'q^Ht Mineral products. . 18.992,998 Textiles Chemical products. Alcoholic be Jeverages. 14,404,460 14,326.997 5,319,312 618,616 Paper, all kinds Machinery and accessories V ehicles Arms and explosives . . . * Miscellaneous [][ Total 1,535,236 5,625,905 3,299,730 1,111,098 7,009,731 $82,235,019 United stats c™;;.'""""^ '° '''' '^°''"*^ *° ''''"'•'^ ^^ (»82.235,019 eurrei5,':fth- a^s trror^ror.r'^.enrt'^^T^^'^ '^-^^ $893,916; France X3 240 Thn Iw *^«y»"40,122, Great Britam, $2,361,204; Spain. ^ ,axu, rrance, 96,z^[). Ihe chief exports were minerals Sll^i ^^-i 9ftn ..f Ju- I T leum amounted to S,7fimnmn o^- u i , ^""^^rais, 9Liii,&Z6,2iiO, of which petro- and manufactu,^ prS J^ef^S"™ ""'"^^ '''''''•'^' '^^"*<'<"^- ""'SeWS. for the"C mSmM^Sr '" "' ""'"''"'' *'°"°*"" *'"' "^ --'^ ^^-ons Principal Countries United States Germany . . United Kingdom 1* ranee Spain [[[ Belgium.. [.'.** Italy India Austria-Hiin^a^ Switzerland^.!^ Canada Chile. , . Netherlands Japan Norway China...:: Sweden . . . : : ■^gentine. . • 1910-1911 1911-1912 $56,573,492 12,781,095 11.984,485 9,336,642 2,839,288 2,155,837 1,188,452 1.049,411 1,093,390 725,788 384,861 281.580 282.993 230,461 269,198 213,355 188,863 358.978 1912-1913 $49,212,836 11.922,609 10,753,154 7,809,138 2,950,217 1.639,630 974,731 971,490 1,045,399 782.278 482,289 204,337 272,762 279,700 217,631 207,819 363,143 409,891 $48,643,778 12.610.384 12,9.^0.046 9,168,977 5,265,320 1.401,718 942,080 1,430,519 950,580 946,083 151,722 168,827 334,746 448.684 254,525 194.969 375,712 611,244 16 f| ^XPOHTER-S OAZETTEER OF tOnElGX MARKETS World Diviaiona North America. . Europe Asia S«nith America. . West Indies Africa Oceatiia Central America. 1910-1911 1911-1912 Total. |56.n'>S.3o4 43.234.0,55 1..'>71.3.«1 746.4«>2 101. two 1M,906 73.078 97.712 1102.937.136 $40,605,126 39,035,729 1,523.069 788,097 81.955 55.861 61.272 49,146 »91.331.155 1912-1913 WS.795.501 45.617.186 2,138.616 959,106 123,664 90.245 94,419 67,432 197,886,169 Imports by major classifications for the same period MinCTal substances > ejretable substAnces. . . Machiner>- and apparatus.' ' ." i^^ if *u*^ mantifacturea therei>f ." ' Amm&l substances . Ca^o^*°'^ Pharmaceutical products ^ars, cama^s. wagons, etc . « ines. spirits, etc Paper and manufactures. Arms and eiplosivw .■." .' AusceUAneous Total $26,015,294 10.300,111 12.005.588 12.320.135 8.71ti,62o 6.495.125 4.547.603 3.406.673 2.S04.470 1.606.2S4 4,819.228 $23,355,989 15.642.782 11.691.906 10.640.786 8,233,156 6.037.044 2,300.445 3,372,042 2.560.385 2.604.172 4.802.448 $23,723,453 15,784.772 12.249.341 12.943.176 9.025.709 6,308.513 2.553.314 3.425.892 2.643.876 3.868.784 5,359,339 Export, for the same period by world divisions and prineioal countries: World Divisions 1910-1911 1911-1912 North America. . Europe '/[ West Indies Central America . . . '. Oceania ' South America Asia. . Total 1912-1913 $113,167,055 31,648.271 1.105.415 901.385 34.687 20,006 $146,876,819 $112,729,956 34,079.5.')0 979,005 1,078,827 84,909 33,221 9.096 $148,994,564 $116,761,622 31.214,968 886,066 1.227,552 103*640 8,960 $150,202,808 Principal Countries 1910-1911 1911-1912 1912-1913 United States United Kin^om. . Germany France.'. Belgium Spain Cuba Canada British Honduras! . Guatemala $113,167,055 17.941,176 4,354,171 4,654.939 3,680 792 792.150 1.102.185 917.862 412.159 413.677 $112,729,956 20.099,328 6,158,365 4.164.911 3.177,322 1.180,286 968.713 678,345 412,457 398,585 •116,017,854 15,573,551 8.219,009 3,575,509 2,575,624 1.091.413 863,938 743,768 688,685 413,154 MEXICO 17 Exports by major classifications for tho same period Articles 1010-11 1911-12 1912-13 Mineral products Vegetable products. . , . Ammal products Manufactured products. Miscellaneous Total. $90,002,983 45,033.fK)l 8.401.070 1,804,835 1,034,331 $146,876,820 $93,103,401 41.70:i,475 9.030,598 3.301.789 865,301 $148,994,564 $94.824,.305 42.071.477 0.018.916 1,672.633 815,477 $1.50,202,808 Production and Industry Mexico's greatest natural source of wealth lies in her mineral lands. Coal Ls mined at Coahmla, copper in Lower California, Michoacan, Coahuila, Sonora, and Puebla; petroleum near Tampico, on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Tuxpam, Minititlan and the Papantla Distnct, and m the gulf coast district from Matamoras to Campeche; gold and silver are mined in large territories. Petroleum production for fifteen years: Year Barrels Year 1905.. 1906.. 1907.. 1908.. 1909.. 1910.. 1911.. 1912.. Barrels 300,000 500,000 1,000,000 3,481,000 2,765,000 4,099,000 13,655,488 16,844,066 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 (estimate) 24.574,500 25.725.403 32.910,508 40.000.000 55.000,000 03,.s28.S.36 80.000.000 The Republic of Mexico now ranks second in the world in the production of petroleum. The oil fields in Mexico are located in the states of Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi and Vera Cruz, m a strip of territory varying from fifty to one hundred miles wide along the Oulf of Mexico. Among the most important producing areas in the coastal fields are those of Ebano, Panuco, Topila, Tepetate-Casiana, Los Naranjos, Cerro .^zul, Alazan, Potrero del Llano and Alamo. Water has begun to encroach on the fields of Alazan, Potrero del Llano and Tepetate, and while these fields may yet produce a large amount of oil, the end of their productivity may be said to be in sight. in ccHZ'J^ '"" ^'f'"!: ^^^ T"^^^^ companies, of which only 27 produced petroleum m commercia quantities during the year of 1918. The estimated potential daily production of all the wells in Mexico was 1,592,740 barrels, while actual daily production was 174 872 barre s this representing 10.98 per cent, of the potential production. There have been completed, located, or are now drilling in the Republic, a total of 1,056 wells as foUows- Number of Locations WellaDrillinK. Productive Wells. . Wells Abandoned (Unproductive)' 131 114 209 27 Wells Abandoned (Exhausted) Wells Abandoned (Dry Holes) '. Total . 64 421 1.056 r.rJ^[^^^ ^^ productive wells in Mexico, it is estimated that 95 per cent, of the annual production is produced from 62 wells. ^ barrels. From 1901 to 1918, inclusive, there was produced in Mexico a total of 285.910.7 98 18 ^^^^^^:^^:^-^^i^iiEE±2ijoRmG^^ pJ:^TT^,^^,:Z^ °^ ^-^^.396 .a^U. Which 3ho.. .„ .„e.ase ove. the are operated on the Gulf coast It pZZIZZZ^'' """.T '"^'^- '^° "'^'^^^^^ plant each at Vera Cru. and Minititlan. Tn^dluonlVh' '^'' ^f^'^' ^here is also one fcur new plants, three of which may beTo^^MTrl '^^'^^'^"''•'^'''^i'^Prohct be built at Port Lobos. It is interesfini 1! . .v ^'"P""'' while the fourth wiU Drobabl v from Mexico in ,918, l7,m^^Z^l':::lt::;l^^^'^^-^9e,.rreU^^^^^ Mining is prosecuted in 24 out of ^i of * gives the amount of capital invested in tLf f'' ^^''"^O"^' and a recent estimate S499 000,000 is from the'unitXats S^7 2^"^ - ^647,200,000, of which amoun 129,400,000 is Mexican. The total nlSronf^ "" "'^'^' «10,000,000 is French, and fr ' 7^.'/'"''' "^^^ ^ ^^^ area of"^^^^^^ .^^'^^ 7^^^-, ^^Id at the beginning of from 1887 to 1918 was as follows : ^' ^^^ production of gold and silver 1877-78. 1878-79. 1879-80 1880-81 1881-82. 1882-83. 1883-84 1884-85. 1885-86. 1886-87 1887-88 1888-89. 1889-90 1890-91 . 1891-92 1892-93 1893-94 1894-95 . 189.5-96 1896-97 . 1S97-9S.. 1898-99 1899-00.. 1900-01 1901-02.. 1902-03 1903-04 1904-05 . 1905-06. . 1906-07 1907-08.. 1908-09.. 1909-10. 1910-11..' 1911-12.. ' 1912-13.. 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918... Silver, Troy Ot. 35,510 41.915 44,800 48,164 44,527 45,450 60,185 43,477 31,295 32.491 31,597 32.554 33.335 43,789 51,110 60,397 59,195 225,654 289,409 326,320 360,710 444.529 382,101 443,625 472.406 478.771 548.728 684.405 877,195 880,918 976,403 1,081,312 1.163.563 1,192.147 1.169.782 930,174 .65 .02 .64 .60 *736,956.16 869,882.49 929,753.49 999,576.17 924,093.02 943,256.97 1.041,512.73 902,334.41 649,494.37 674.306 655.757. 675,611 691.827 908,773.06 1.060.723.35 1,253,453.53 1.228,494.93 4,6.33,069.62 6,006.197.65 6.772.230.40 7.485.917.95 9,225,442.93 7,722,333.36 9,206,690.31 9.903,983.49 9,936,073.82 11.387,907.53 14,203,656.49 18.204,684.03 18,281.949.12 20,263..592.63 22,440.810.46 24.147.754.19 24.740.977 24,276,816 19,304,166 18.000,000 1 4.000,000.. „ 7.690.700.00 9.000.000.00 10.000.000.00 Value .96 .06 .53 .00 .00 Copper production from 1912 to 1918 in .h.r, tons: 19.500,051 19,734,302 21.634.587 22,952.631 22,956,305 23.215.003 24.88.5,169 26.086.699 26.857.694 29,468,930 30.908,753 32.463.018 30.742,859 32.876.610 36,978.328 43.374.523 45.702.193 45.697.431 47.895.454 60.003.858 65.076.148 56.920.496 65.120,.563 68.387.578 66.945.824 65.015.173 64.676.598 62,061.823 59.426.785 56,491.232 69.097.790 73.602.973 72.514.069 74.047.341 80.106.994 67.824.693 27.546.752 39..570.000 22.838.400 31,214.000 40.000.000 J12.418.451. 51 12.567.632 00 13.777,813.49 14,617,199.00 14.619,538.99 14,784,288.49 15,847,920.50 16.613.105.51 17.104.107.01 18,767.051.99 19,683.991.49 30,873,813.00 19.578.343.60 20,937,205.51 23.548.078.00 27.622.717.00 29,105.074.99 29,102.042.50 30,501.8,36.01 31.844.5.56.00 35.074.802.97 36.249.361.49 35.109.457.01 37.163.203.00 36,265,491.49 41,404,391.49 41.188.773.00 39.523.573.00 37,802.802.63 38.554.413.50 42.683,452.03 38.538.048.58 38.185.942.07 40.439.364.66 44.814.217.60 42.817.792.31 45.000.000.00 39.000.000.00 MEXICO Lead production for ten years: 19 Vear Short Tons Year 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. Short Ton3 130.071 133,048 137.347 132,276 68,343 1914 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. Not available Not available 24,200 58,230 97,537 Ranking next to mineral wealth in point of importance, but with an annual production of greater value, is agriculture. Ten per cent, of the land is capable of cultivation without irrigation, 20 per cent, requires irrigation, and 70 per cent, is incapable of cultivation There are about 120,000,000 acres of land devoted to grazing, 30,000,000 acres devoted to cultivation, and 44,000,000 acres of forest. The methods of agriculture in vogue throughout Mexico are antiquated. The principal products are corn, cotton, henequen (sisal hemp) sugar, wheat, coffee, tobacco, guayule and beans. * Cotton flourishes principally in the central states of Durango, Coahuila and Chihuahua m the states of TamauHpas and Vera Cruz on the gulf coast, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Sinaloa Sonora and Lower California on the Pacific. The average crop has been estimated at 10,000,000 pounds. In normal times almost the entire crop is consumed within the country The latest statistics report 139 cotton mills in Mexico containing 762,149 spindles and 27,019 looms, employing 34,500 operatives and consuming about 162,000 bales of cotton. Henequen is grown principally in the state of Yucatan; sugar is grown principally in the state of Morelos. India rubber is being cultivated in the states of Vera Cruz Chiapas and Oaxaca, guayule in the state of Durango. The sap of the agave or maguey tree is drawn for the production of a native drink known as ''pulque." Stock raising is extensively practised in the central region of the republic, cattle census, which was made in 1913, was as follows: The last Head Head Cattle. . . Horses . . Mules. . . Donkeys . 5,304,165 872,544 340,016 298,416 Sheep. Goats. Hogs., 3,458,124 4.240.916 641,074 The chief manufacturing industries are iron and steel foundries, guayule rubber factories, cigar and cigarette factories, cotton, wool and other textile mills, breweries and distilleries, factories which manufacture soap, candles and chemical products, paper mills Hour mills, explosive manufactories and packing houses. ' The industrial census of Mexico begun in 1917 has not as yet been completed the returns covering only nineteen states. These returns show, for states covered, a total of «Qo f ^^7f ^"^^'^ts of varying importance, classified as follows : Production of foodstuffs t)98 estabhshments; textile industry, 213; mining industries, 614; electric industry 40 and misceUaneous industries, 2.245. The approximate total paid up capital of all these industrial enterprises is $135,000,000, and the number of workmen employed is 85,000. ^ Tlie principal shoe factories are located in Mexico City, Le6n, Guanajuato and Guadala- jara, but smaU factories exist in all the states, owing to the large supply of raw material ine brewmg of beer is an important industry the principal breweries being located in Monterey, Mexico City. Orizaba and Toluca. The largest textUe mills are located in 20 —^^^^^'^l-^^^^II^E^o^FoaEia^^^ f Mexico City, Puebla, Jalisco, Orizaba, Querttaro anH » of redemp- June, 1916, the Carranza Government de^eld ttlt'f l""""'"" °' P""^^ ''""^'"'J • I" no longer compulsory tender, and establish^ a reL™^' ""™'""' previously issued was (0.05 Umted States currency) to the p^ ademption rate of fO.lO Mexican silver In the meanwhile a new issue of njinof. f ♦!. the rate of $0.20 Mexican silver ($0.lS S sLT""' "' ^'«».000 Pesos was made at or non-counterfeitable issue. The monetary unk^rT'^u ^'"""' "^ '^' "^IsiflcabUe. There are 20, 10 and 5 peso gold piecT a"d a sub,;> ''' ""* ""^^^ P*^° "^ »«» ""'a-os P.eces (sUver). 2 and 1 centLo ^eceT'cbronze anf ^ 7'"^^°' '"■ ^ ""-^ "> "^-'-o peso IS worth approximately $0.54. °'*^ *■"* ^ «™tavo pieces (nickel). The gold According to a statement issued bv tho M«,- m standing obligations normallv equivalent to ^7^ IloT'^ Department, there are out- of an external debt of 286,944,251 pes^^ a^ SX M« ,^''^ """""^y- "'"'« "P terest due on both debts. ™"' ''*''* °f 138,795,550 pesos, and the in- Railroads: the National RanTai^Me;^o,"l'LrL^^^^^^^^ T"^''^ 'y'*^^ "f the country, which operates the main trunk iines. The oLnlr^'°"'™"*'' ''^ »'''' «°vernment Mexico approximates 9,000 miles. ^^ °' standard gauge railroad in Telegraphs, Post Offices, etc.: -dSl^rSSS'"''''*^'' «"•■«"'"'-•■•.<«» 2,.,,,.., .«,„ United States consular officials arp «jfnf.v^« a * 4 (AguascaUentes), Chihuahua (Chihuahua),C udad jlrtTh'h ^"l^T'"^' ^8'««<-''''™te, Ensenada (Lower CaUfornia), Frontera TabteT C^^H^^ """"^o (°"™8o). (Sonora). Mexicali (Lower California), M«co fS^l ^^"^f"'"" W^'isco), Guavma^ Sonora), Nuevo Laredo (Tamaulipi), S^nS Slwf ,^'^r° '*°'''' ^°'^=''- Salma Cruz (Oaxaca), Saltillo (Coahuila) SarT,,if^/ ^S "'' ^"^^ (Yucat.ln), (Tamaulipas), Torre6n (Coahuila), Ve a Cruz (Ve,^ C , ^" ^"'' ^°'^'^' ^ampico moros (Tamaulipas), and Mazatlak (sinaloa) ' '^''"^'"""<> (Colima), Mata- Mexican consular officials are stationed at ri,ff„„ r, . Nogales, Phoenix, Tucson, Yuma Mobf ^0,1 i ' ^"«^' «lobe, Jerome Naco Stockton Denver, Jacks;nZ ' Sul^ cCg'^'iT O V'''" ""'T' ^" ^-^-: Kansas City, St. Ix>uis, Columbus, Sant« Fe Buffi nTw V T^-^"'"™^' ^< Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Manila San T>„n *' """fa'"' New York, Cincinnati, Portland Pass, El Paso, Fort Worth. Galve;ton H dalgo 727 P ^T^ '^''™*'"- ^' «- S San Antonio. Zapata, Salt Lake City! ^'^^^i:Tn^:.Z' ^^T^^^^^ ^^ MEXICO 21 Language: Spanish. Local Advertising Media : Among the local advertising media in Mexico City are two large daily newspapers of a progressive character. There are also a number of smaller daily newspapers and eight general weekly papers, one of which is published in EngUsh, and four Spanish magazines. There are three monthly magazines, a monthly automobile review, an agricultural journal, a medical journal, an aviation review and a sugar, tobacco and coffee paper. There are three dailies published in Guadalajara, two in Chihuahua, two in Mazatlan, four in Merida, six in Monterey, which also has a commercial magazine, two in Pueblaj three in Tampico, which also has a weekly magazine, four in Vera Cruz, one in Orizaba and one in San Louis Potosi. There are numerous other papers. Shipping Routes: New York & Cuba Mail S. S. Co. (Ward Line). American and Cuban S. S. Line. Rail routes via Laredo, Eagle Pass, El Paso or Nogales. Customs Tariff: Most articles are subject to specific duties based usuaUy upon weight. Gross weight legal weight and net weight of shipments must be given. ' Consular Regulations: Consular invoices are required in quadruplicate for steamer shipment. In the case of rail shipment the railroad company takes out the invoice at the border. Packages may be marked with either stencil or brush; weights need not be marked. Consular blanks cost $0.15 per set. Certification of each set of invoices costs 3 per cent, of the value declared* the minimum charge is $0.50. ' Postal Rates: United States domestic letter rate. Parcel Post: Service extends to Mexico. Limit of weight, 20 pounds. Rate, 12 cents per pound or fraction thereof. A dehvery fee of 5 cents is collected on all parcels. A surtax of 25 per cent, of the import duties is imposed upon all goods imported by parcel post. Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. It 22 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS BERMUDA Bermuda .s a British naval base, but owes its importance to its popularity as a winter ^r pX [ j;^~- .xro:[^: r e-^ :^^^ S ZllStTsS "" "^ ^■'^^^ ^'^'^ - Cam^^retrtstT^:nTeS Son Tw'^.llTh^r ^"*«;,"'^°'^ °^ ^™"''''' ^'^•' ""* t''* B«°k of N. T. Butt^rfield & Son, Ltd., both local. Bdls of exchange are issued by the government, which is also author- «ed to issue paper currency. Money, weights and measures are as in GreaTBritar pretrvi:Trisr ."rSarof"^^^^^^^^^ Commerce Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Bermuda for 11 years: Year ended June 30 Exports Domestic Foreign Total Imports Free 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 $1,064,917 1,186.750 1.280,756 1.419.367 1.400.012 1.427.719 1,460.690 2.103.958 2.704.611 2,230.115 Dutiable Total $98,709 137.209 76,875 47,353 66,400 186.097 25.260 123,273 24,626 49.491 $1,163,626 1,323.959 1.357.631 1.466.720 1.466,412 1.613.816 1,485,950 2,227,231 2.729.237 2.279.606 1,977.179 Per cent, free Excess of exports (♦) or imports (-) $46,279 59,374 71,103 73.579 71,775 239.484 274.766 390.701 632.992 550.215 $431,426 532,149 528.413 549.288 411.461 455.935 226,146 317.979 314.997 154.325 $477,705 591,523 599,516 622,867 483,236 695,419 500,912 708.680 947,969 704,540 1.476,954 9.69 10.04 11.86 11.81 14.85 34.44 54.85 55.13 66.78 78.10 $♦685,921 ♦732.436 ♦758.115 ♦843.853 ♦983.176 ♦918.397 ♦985.038 ♦1,516,551 ♦1.781.268 ♦1,575.066 ♦501,225 Value of imports from the principal countries trading with Bermuda in 1916 and 1917: Country 1916 1917 Count rj' United Kingdom Canada \ Other British Possessions. . . United States 1916 1917 $556,892 397.620 50,772 2,557,006 $232,288 700.437 70.353 2.271,583 Other Countries, Total $8,830 $3,57V.i26 $3,372 $3,278,033 iiltrZf "^"^"" '""^^ from Canada are barrels, cheese, fodder, pr^erved fish, BERMUDA-GREENLAND The exports, with the exception of potatoes and onions, are unimportant. There are practically no manufactures. The potato and onion exports were as follows in 1916 and 1917: 1916 1917 Potatoes (bbls.) Onions (crates) . 55,165 $283,892 162,547 74,470 132.000 $528,223 231,229 GREENLAND Denmark's sole remaining colonial possession is Greenland?* It has an area of 46,740 square miles, and, in 1911, a population of 13,459, of whom 6,425 were men and 7,034 women. The largest town, Sydproven, has a population of 789. The trade of Greenland is a government monopoly of Denmark. Statistics of commerce in 1917: Exports to Denm.\rk, 1917 Kroner Dollars Imports from Denmark, 1917 Kroner Dollars Seal and fish oil . . Seal and fish skins Blue fox skins .... \Miite fox skins . . Bear skins Shark skins Eiderdown Feathers , Salt fish Other products. . . , Total 620,145 $166,198 21,670 5,807 1,830 487 1,330 356 114 30 7,286 1,952 31,141 8,345 19,923 5,339 157,160 42,118 6,465 1.832 905,098 242,566 Agricultural products Fire arms Textiles Cordage Tobacco Edge tools Wood, construction material, etc Soap and candles Other products Total 411,666 59,071 128,355 49,328 37,773 33,333 47,019 3,525 33,707 801,777 $110,326 15,831 8,523 13,219 10.123 8,933 10,601 944 9.033 214,876 fruits and flour. 24 I EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS CENTRAL AMERICA * » . V . BRITISH HONDURAS A British colony in Central America, on the Caribbean Sea Are.-, S IQS <,„.,«. i Population (census of 191 n 40 4^8 PKi^f , "uean isea. Area, 8,598 square miles. 10,478, largi Ne.ro. p"nciS'Sodu^L1. Tol^^^ »«"> man^ove bark, logwood, mahogany. Bananas, plantaii^^'anlt'co^'u^'a^fX^ Railroad; 25 miles (Stann Creek Railway). Behze is connected by telephone and telegraph with Coronal and Consejo in the north United States gold is the standard currency, British sovereiims Anri i^ e being lega tender at $4.86 and $2.43. There is a paper sue of S^^^^^^ ^ilveTdT' are current, as are bronze cent and five-cent pieces ^"""^'^ Commerce The total value of the trade of the mlnnv ir^ 101*7 uu^ 1 x /? to $5,596,740. ^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^* ^«"'^« available) amounted BRITISH HONDURAS 25 Eleven year table of the total foreign trade of British Honduras with the United States: Exports Imports Excess of Year Per exports (*) ended cent, free or June imports (-) 30 Domestio Foreign Total Free Dutiable Total 1909 $1,078,233 $3,665 $1,081,898 $670,357 $178,568 $848,925 78.97 •^232,973 1910 1,206,962 4.890 1,211,852 800,124 266,285 1,066,409 75.03 ♦145,443 1911 1,559,257 3,326 1,562,583 868,029 316,344 1,184,373 73.28 +378.210 1912 1,467,476 1,190 1,468,666 1,058,008 202,565 1,260,573 83.93 +208,093 1913 1.464,166 2,059 1,466,225 1,231,856 331,346 1,563,202 78.80 -96,977 1914 1,696,794 2,644 1,699,438 682,942 2,099,275 2,099,275 67.46 -399,837 1915 1,380,941 1,655 1,382.596 912,991 430,309 1,343,300 67.87 +39.296 1916 1,594,108 1,605 1,595,714 995,745 251.212 1,245,957 79.85 +349.757 1917 1,902,071 4,804 1,906,875 969,775 416,304 1,386,079 69.96 +520.796 1918 2,383,055 37.129 2.420.184 1.541,775 819,583 2,361,358 65.29 +68,826 1919 2.307.804 2.729.655 -421,851 Distribution of imports and exports, 1917: Countries Imports Exports Total United Kingdom $390,369 14.690 405.059 2.038.885 102,585 120,014 96,359 30,871 2,388,714 $2,793,773 $179,827 $570,196 British Possessions 14,690 Total British Empire United States 179.827 2.340.073 70.448 161.838 45.956 4.825 2,623,140 $2,802,967 684,886 4,378.958 Guatemala Mexico Honduras Other foreign countries 173.033 281.852 142.315 35.696 Foreign Countries Grand Total 6.011.854 $5,596,740 Chief imports, 1917: gum, $161,838; apparel, $86,994; flour, $235,224; boots and shoes, $125,874; hardware and cutlery, $80,676; machinery, $33,534; rice, $118,098. Chief exports, 1917: mahogany, $862,164; logwood, $122,958; bananas, $219,672; cedar, $69,012; cocoanuts, $157,464; chicle, $878,202. Value of imports from United States, 1918, $2,420,184. Value of exports to United States, 1918, $2,361,358. Language: English. Shipping Routes: United Fruit Company. Customs Tariff: The customs tariff enumerates about 50 articles upon which specific duty is assessed principally upon the basis of weight; some articles are assessed on the basis of value. There is a large free list. Consular Representatives: United States consular officials are stationed at Belize. Consular Regulations: No documents required; no restrictions as to marks. Cable Rates: Thirty-five cents a word from New York or New England states. Postal Rates: Same as to Great Britain. United States domestic letter rate. Mail Time: To Behze via New Orleans, 7 days. Parcels Post: Service extends to British Honduras. Limit of weight 22 pounds. Rate 12 cents per pound or fraction thereof. Prohibitions: Bullion; coins; tobacco packed with other merchandise; tobacco sweetened with leaves of plants other than tobacco; saccharine. 26 EXPORTERS^ZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Money Orders: Not issued. Intemational Reply Coupons: Issued. COSTA RICA northwest by the Pacific Ocean H^.T ^ ^^^nama, and on the southwest, west and ticut. Massachusetts "nd y^onit^Z^"'""^"""''''' "'"^'''*°* '*' '*"'' °' ^onnec- to Jri!:rand1het i^^n^ J^Sf toIS r'^" ~^' '"« ^ ^-^ ^PH. fortnight of dry weatherf known^lhL "vera^Sf de S^^n T ''-^""i' '".''""P'*" ''^ " u> the .onth of .u„e. The so-cal.ed winti^^^f!: t^Tj^^^Z^- ^t^^^^' p.anti^:„ra:;!ti;rfr el?tt.^tr ^^^^^^^ •='"'-• -^^ «^-- "— investment of AmerL J clD.tajTr^;»pL''u''^ '^"•'"'"'° '''*^"^' ""d th" large the developmen^of tre co^t^ lt,.f '^" ^"^ ^" ^'"°«t «-<""«iveIy responsible for supplied by the United Stated' '^^ ''°'- "' *^'» ^'""'^ '«"•«'' ^P^'te are cent-'^of te Zui e^^ "xlfpelt^fT' '*"'^^ T""^ '' ^' -"'• -<^ ^-"^ «> per imports to $8.46. e^S toSl tT ' '° '"^^ "' ^^""^ ^"^ '^°""t«<' ^^ «0-^; Area and Population totaS,:^t'atl3'it:r ^^^^^^ i-to ««tons. The are shown in the foUowingteble" "^ eubdivisions with their population Provinces San JoF^ . . . Alajuela Cartago . . . . Heredia . . . . Guanacaste. Limon Puntarenas . Population Total. 136.936 109.063 72.217 47.859 42.120 23,916 22,884 Capital 454,995 San Joe6 . . . Alajuela.. Cartago . . . . Heredia . . . . Liberia Port Limon. Puntarenas . Population of the Canton in which the Capital is situated 49.781 28.766 32,586 15.553 6,650 13.285 11,706 Commerce COSTA RICA 27 Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Costa Rica for 11 years: Year ended June 30 EzPOBTS Imports Excess of exports (♦) or imports (-) Domestic Foreign Total Free Dutiable TotAl Per Cent. 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 $2,288,890 3,031.369 3,434,844 3,595,149 3.434.753 3,450.938 2.351,005 3.483.728 3.859.870 1,874,622 • •••■>• $18,206 19,141 38,532 52.038 80.155 60.448 62.313 84.478 124.984 28.602 $2,307,096 3,050,510 3,473,376 3,647,187 3,514,908 3,501,386 2,413,318 3,568.206 3,984.854 1,903,224 4.175,646 $2,654,431 3,628.047 4.834,213 3.813.432 3,092.878 3,565.628 3,498.530 4.161.303 5.101,719 7.540.995 • •■•••• $55,563 13.251 4,203 4,419 5.857 4,736 46.637 174.112 518.426 74,487 $2,709,994 3.641,298 4.838.416 3.817.851 3,098.735 3.570.364 3.545.167 4,335.415 5.620.145 7.615,482 8,222.108 97.95 99.64 99.92 99.88 99.81 99.87 98.68 95.98 90.78 99.02 -$402,898 -590.788 -1,365,040 -170.664 ♦416.173 -68.978 -1.131.849 -767.209 -1.635.291 -5.712,258 -4,046,962 Value of foreign trade during eleven years: Year Imports Exports Total 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 $5,629,405 6,109,938 7,897,736 8,872,161 10,079,306 8,685,108 7,551,679 4,478,782 6,603.925 5,596,240 3,735,023 $7,757,525 8,176,257 8,374,364 8,924.191 9,964,005 10.321.568 10.861.748 9.971,582 11.121,172 11,382.166 9,623,874 $13,386,930 14.286.195 16.272.100 17,796,352 20,043,311 19,006,676 18,413,427 14,450,364 17.725.097 16.977.406 13.358,997 Principal imports during 4 years and the principal countries of origin: Articles 1913 1914 1915 I9iii Automobiles United States Cattle Nicaragua Coffee Backs United Kingdom United States Cotton Goods United States United Kingdom Germany France ^Italy Drugs and chemicals United States United Kingdom France Germany Electrical material United States Flour , United Staites! '.'.'.'.'.'.'. Lard United States!!!!!.'!! Railway Material United States Rice United States!! !!!!!! Germany Wheat United States! ! !!!!!! Coal United States!!!!!!!! Note: © Not available $69,606 65.678 323.067 323,067 88,958 69,424 11,161 828,948 243,802 355,042 124,699 39,009 51.463 150.142 76,173 23,378 24,039 29,690 150.339 121.416 258.407 257.457 200,362 194,968 296,772 272.242 143,393 31,621 82.088 219,487 219.487 261,975 258,329 $29,860 26,740 221.885 221,885 77,389 65,710 8,104 800,291 285.041 302.333 112.613 34.247 37,997 162,898 90,547 23,847 19,924 23,063 174,341 159,432 189,329 183.542 204.927 202,485 241,139 140,981 160,311 59,383 76.405 366,641 366,624 250,226 228,224 $23,282 18,164 95,964 95,964 98,531 83,919 13,220 466,699 266,333 129,848 4,491 10,907 30,749 115,903 85,194 11,196 4,977 4,065 95,176 86,773 224,480 209.662 144.181 142,270 62,387 59.725 108,640 93,283 323,567 323,567 106,953 92.039 $68,218 68.218 184,236 171,457 131,118 90,614 38.163 657.447 416,758 165,014 109 28,128 25,302 73,486 61,901 10,238 3.482 ii2,746 101,716 488,660 470.670 174,304 172,610 29,914 5,737 142.859 122,076 ■ '262 262 28 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Imports by countries during 5 years: Countries United States . . . United Kingdom Spanish America Central America. France Spain Italy Germany Belgium Other countriea . . Total 1913 1914 »4.467.829 1,289.324 303,683 349,717 387.514 158,974 170,958 1,340,998 46,958 169.513 S8.685.108 $4,022,147 1,088.576 330.262 270.942 300,771 136.689 177.293 1,065.468 34.903 124.628 1915 17.551.679 $3,031,907 548,810 254,856 131.584 84,132 117.849 137.615 42,969 933 128,027 1916 $4,677,407 790.851 310.866 223,820 180,228 162.578 124.923 1,340 'l3l',9i2 1917 $4,478,782 $6,603,925 $3,887,603 706.257 355.027 216,809 137,973 112,785 83.527 559 94.700 $5,595,240 Exports by principal countries of destination for 5 years: Countries United States... United Kingdom. Spanish America. Central America. France Germany ,[ Other countries . . 1913 1914 $5,240,793 4,318,006 59,721 38.618 95.636 504.381 64.413 ■To**' $10,321,568 $4,893,566 5.192.253 72,539 40,264 123,697 471.907 67.522 1915 $10,861,748 $4,864,803 4.438.233 324.616 90.217 62,975 13.225 227,107 1916 $9,971,582 $6,830,977 3,668.408 324.616 131.652 93.418 7'2.i6i 1917 $11,382,166 $8,119,295 2,496,191 628.188 79.159 31.886 27.447 $11,382,166 inco^ete? "^"^ ^"^ ^ ''"^ "^"^ "'^'^'^^ '"'""'"«' °f '''««"»«°" (»'»«'«<» fo^ 1917 Articles 1913 1914 Bananas United States . . ! United Kingdom . Coffee United Kingdom. United States Germany Gold and Silver. . .. United States Cacao United Kingdom. United States. . . Cattle hides. . . . United States Spain Germany ', Rubber . ' ^United States..'!! Woods United States. . ! ! Germany Sugar ! ' United States . . ! ! United Kingdom . 1915 1916 1017 $5,194,428 3.884.946 1.284.847 3.605.029 2.956.123 216.302 288.402 1,021,473 1.021.473 105,034 61.741 9,644 132.883 52.825 65".5i7 44.482 38,202 141.361 3,750 100.244 $4,725,754 3,281.012 1.444.742 4.663.360 3,533.895 467.269 483,124 888.599 888,599 84,507 39.192 9,898 110.780 50.207 5.123 39.584 12.134 11,148 123,814 32,204 16,461 19,216 4.300 13.985 $4,427,566 3.087.826 1,339,741 3.730,307 2.877,932 547.982 55,955 805.897 805,897 174,809 101.674 66.897 151.064 99.069 38.332 49.488 48.192 49,372 25.581 69.686 69.686 $4,677,313 3.394,529 1,282.784 4.242.338 2,129.654 1,789.842 i, '008.949 1.006,949 223,369 149.226 65.041 161.755 132,494 11,677 "'65,149 65,149 51,213 33,825 ' 241,658 241,058 $4,040,625 3.'779".747 ' '906.243 Production and Industry coffee, the statistics of e.xports being given above under Commerce. The mineral resources COSTA RICA 29 of the republic are large, especially on the Pacific Coast. Gold is the principal mineral mined, and the chief mining fields are located in Abangarez, La Union, Aguacate and Montezuma. A manganese field has recently been discovered, and oil lands in San Jos^, Guanacaste, and Alajuela are being developed by an American corporation. Sugar is cultivated, and is an industry of growing importance in the western and central provinces. Large forest areas exist, producing mahogany, rosewood and cedar. The largest single interest in Costa Rica is held by the United Fruit Company, which in 1917 held properties valued at $12,851,798. It then owned 240,500 acres of land, 38,196 acres of which were improved, and 203,304 acres unimproved. It leased 5,281 acres, 921 of which were improved, and 4,630 of which were unimproved. There were 29,914 acres cultivated in bananas, 7,495 in cacao, 652 in cocoanuts, 107 in pineapples and the rest in pasturage. The company owned in 1917, 2,737 cattle and 1,650 other animals. !Manufacturing is not extensive in Costa Rica. There are 4,678 commercial and manu- facturing establishments, 2,692 of which are controlled by Costa Ricans, 518 by Chinese, 439 by Spaniards, 254 by British, 168 by Italians, and 105 by citizens of the United States. They comprise coflfee-drying establishments, sugar mills, a national liquor distillery, (dis- tilling is a government monopoly), several tobacco factories, 29 iron foundries and shops, 8 ice factories, 62 steam saw mills, and a brewery. Money and Banks. The gold standard was adopted in 1896. The unit is the colon of 100 centimos, equiva- lent to $0,465 United States currency. Gold pieces of 20, 10, 5 and 2 colones are coined, and there is a subsidiary coinage of 50, 25, 10 and 5 centimos in silver and 1 centimo in copper. Paper currency is widely in circulation. Following the outbreak of the world war, the government created as a bank of issue the International Bank of Costa Rica, which is to have existence only during the war. There are three public banks in Costa Rica, the Bank of Costa Rica, the Anglo-Costa Rican Bank, and the Mercantile Bank. An agency of the Royal Bank of Canada is established there, and there are three private banks. There have been two external loans as follows: In 1911 there was an issue of 4% to 5% gold refunding bonds to the amount of £2,000,000, secured by a first charge on all customs duties. In 1911 another loan amounting to 35,000,000 francs at 5% was arranged for with bankers of France, Germany and the United States. Weights and Measures: The metric system of weights and measures prevails. Railways : There are 338 miles of railway in actual operation, all 3 ft. 6 in. gauge, 82 miles of which belong to the government and 256 to the Northern Railway Co. This line runs from Port Limon on the Atlantic coast to San Jos^, and is extended to Alajuela. The Pacific Railway, owned by the government, runs from Puntarenas, on the Pacific coast, to San Jos^ . a distance of 69 miles, with a branch into Alajuela. Branches of the Northern Railway extend into the banana producing country. Thirty-four cities and towns in Costa Rica have electric lighting facilities, power being furnished by the waterfalls in the highlands, nnd 88 cities, towns, and villages have water supply. There is a tramway at San Jos€. Post Offices and Telegraphs: There are 147 telegraph offices and about 1,535 miles of line, also 1514 telephones. Diplomatic and Consular Representatives: There are at date of writing no officially recognized consular officials of Costa Rica in the United States. A few of those representing a previous political regime still perform consular functions. 30 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS GUATEMALA 31 The United States maintains a consul in San inaA *«^ t>«^ t • Rati Tna/ o,.^ !>««♦ T • "« « cuuam m oan josc, and Port Limon; vice-consuls in Ban Jos^ and Port Limon, and a consular agent in Puntarenas. Customs Tariff: D^vaT^v^n'th ^K *'T "^V'^^ii." *''* ^°«*» «'•"« t""ff' "-d »" "rticles enumerated pay duty on he basis of weight. There are two surtaxes; of 50 and 2 per cent, respectively of the normal rate. Prohibited imports include war arms and materi^, silvert wwd« Z^ ?h",' rr 1 ""' "*"' ''""''" '^"'- •" ^'^ - "-»-" testi;g more "ra^ W' centigrade and alcohol of current quality. s " « tuau w Duties on advertising matter: Article SSiS f^ '^*^°«~P»>«1 advertiaementa. unf ramed and common calendar- ^^n^,"^** Framed advertisements on paper or cardboard common calendars |o . 01 Advertisements without commercial value on slasa 21 Advertisementa on iron plate. . . 01 nna Consular Regulations Consular invoices are not required at present. Two copies of commercial invoice a'dTo^Tl w^^^^^^^^^^^ '' ^'^^"^^^•' ^T °^ ^^^^^ ^'^^ --'-' -^«h^« of ea?h pacla and total weights m kilograms, ongm and cost of merchandise, etc., should be sent to the consignee who must present it with bUl of lading or be subject to k fine pLkages may be marked with either stencil or brush. i^atKages ma> Language: Spanish. Local Advertising Media: Limon^"' "' '™ ^^"^ "^'^POP^'S in San Josg carrying advertising and one daUy in Port Shipping Routes; United Fruit Company. Cable Rates: From New York or New England states, $0.49 per word. Postal Rates : Postal Union rates. Maa Time: Seven days to Port Limon via New Orleans. Parcel Post: Service extends to Costa Rica. International Reply Coupons : Redeemed. Money Orders: Issued. GUATEMALA A repubUc of Central America bounded on the west and north by Mexico, on the northeast by British Honduras, on the east by the Gulf of Honduras and the repubUc of Honduras, on the southeast by Salvador and on the south by the Pacific Ocean. In area it is approximately equal to Pennsylvania and Delaware. The climate of Guatemala is tropical. There are two seasons, the rainy and dry. The rainy season in the interior lasts from May to October, but on the coast sometimes continues until December. The coolest month is January and the hottest is May. The average rainfall is very heavy, especially on the Atlantic Coast. The principal products of Guatemala are coffee and bananas. Coffee is grown on some 2,000 plantations, and the development of the bana'ha plantations is being carried on by American interests. Sugar growing and the livestock industry are being developed, and mining is important. Normally, Guatemala purchases more than 50 per cent, of her total annual imports from the United States. In 1917 the share of the United States in the total imports of Guatemala was 80 per cent., while the annual average share of the United States during the five years ending in 1917 was 66 per cent. Of the total imports in 1918 the United States supphed 68 per cent, and took 71 per cent, of the total exports. The per capita foreign trade of Guatemala amounted to $8.96; imports to $3.31: exports to $5.65. Area and Population The total area of the republic is estimated at 48,290 square mUes. The population in 1903 was 1,842,134; and is at present estimated at 2,119,165. For purpose of administra- tion the country is divided into 23 provinces. About 60 per cent, of the population are pure Indian, the rest being principally Mestizo. The capital is Guatemala City, with an esti- mated population of 125,000. The city was totally destroyed by earthquake in 1917. Other important cities are Quezaltenango (population estimated, 28,940), Totonicapam (popula- tion estimated, 28,310), Coban (population estimated, 30,770), Puerto Barrios (population, 2000). The Departments, with their capitals and the population of the capitals are shown, in the following table: Department Capital Population Alta Verapa* . . Amatitlan Baja Verapa* . . Chimaltenango. Chiquimula.. ElPet^n El Quiche Esquintla Guatemala. . . . Huehuetenango Itabal Jalapa [[ Jutiapa . . * . i . ] Quezaltenango . Retalhuleu . . . . Sacatepgques . . Ban Marcoa Santa Rosa soioifi ;; Suchitepequez . . Totonicapan. . . Zacapa Cob^n Amatitlan Salamd Chimaltenango . Chiquimula. . . , Florea Santa Cruz .... Esquintla Guatemala City Huehuetenango . Livingston Jalapa Jutiapa Quezaltenango. Retalhuleu. . . . Antigua San Marcos.... Cuajiniquilapa . Solola Mazatenango. . Totonicapam. . . Zacapa 30.770 8.408 10,608 3.749 12.562 1.671 11.914 12.343 125,000 10,279 1,978 12,246 11.023 28,940 6.327 10.150 6,036 3,062 7,627 6.970 28.310 11.964 32 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Guatemala City is situated on a plateau 5,000 feet above sea level, with a perpetually spring-like cUmate, and is connected by railway with Puerto Barrios, 194 miles away on the Caribbean coast, and San Jos^, 85 miles away on the Pacific coast. Quezaltenango is 7, 351 feet above sea level, and by rail is 120 miles west of Guatemala City. It is 75 miles by rail from the Pacific port of Champerico. Commerce The value of the total foreign trade of Guatemala in 1918 was $17,953,000. Of this total, imports amounted to $6,634,000 and exports to $11,319,000. Total foreign trade of the United States with Guatemala for eleven years: Year Ended June 30 Exports Imports Domestic Foreign Total Free Dutiable Total 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.. $1,688,432 1,939,495 2,409,383 2,495,789 3,620.898 3,579,988 2.729.999 3,774,206 5,336,073 5,470,024 $17,724 19,751 22,386 23,263 37.689 21,825 39.271 73,824 50,204 93,469 $1,706,156 1,959,246 2.431.769 2.519,052 3.658,587 3,601.813 2,769.270 3,848.030 6.386.277 5,563.493 5,946,331 Per Cent. Free Excess of Exports (♦) or Imports (-) $3,097,314 1,779,387 2.517,536 2,613,957 3,021,657 4,038,215 6,470,763 8,579,049 9,786,679 7,664,523 $51,175 52,937 44,952 30.080 85.324 40,397 87,783 145,679 271,761 158.437 $3,148,489 1.832,324 2,562.488 2.644,037 3,106,981 4.078,612 6.558.546 8.724.728 10.057.330 7,822.960 11,115.721 98.38 97.11 98.25 98.86 97.25 99 01 98.66 98.33 97.30 97.97 -$1,442,333 ♦126.922 -130.719 -124.985 ♦551.606 -476,799 -3,789.276 -4,876.698 -4.671,063 -2.259,467 -5.168.390 Imports by principal countries of origin for 5 years: Countries 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 United States $5,053,060 1,650,387 402,025 113,578 111.475 305,151 1.713 $4,879,200 1,389.645 317.631 104.207 131,234 221,463 $3,751,761 577,206 124,492 107,349 77,528 78,786 87,825 32,170 55.964 2.931 5.318 146.053 1.114 10.578 4,119 9,282 $5,072,476 $6,535,407 1.320.994 186,893 162.673 94.206 47.953 47,410 45,611 42,763 13,309 12,086 6,211 5,941 1.235 100 16,502 $8,539,294 United Kingdom $7,200,000 France 1,000,000 Mexico 160.000 Snain China and Japan 90,000 Netherlands .'. Sweden Italy Central America 12.5.3 i 6 29.768 2.094 2.043.329 75 121, .543 98,.599 4,215 $10,062,238 123,005 35,176 2,525 1,842,738 955 171,508 28,525 56,975 $9,331,115 Cuba '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.['. Germany Jamaica Belgium .!.!.!! South America Other countries. . . . • • • • Total $8,991,573 The customs valuations of imports for 1916 and 1917 amounted to only $6,725,601 and $7,193,259, respectively. The Statistical Bureau of Guatemala adds to these figures 25 per cent as above given, to cover ocean freights, insurance, commissions and other Uke charges. GUATEMALA Principal countries of origin of imports for 3 years: Countries Cotton textiles and manufactures . United Kingdom United States Germany Italy France Spain Iron and Stee! manufactures United States Germany United Kingdom Food Products United States United Kingdom Central America , Germany , South America Railway Material United States Belgium Wheat flour United States Agricultural and Industrial machinery United States United Kingdom Germany Wines and liquors France United States United Kingdom Spain Italy Germany Drugs and medicines United States France United Kingdom Germany Silk textiles and manufactures China and Japan France Germany Wooden textiles and manufactures . . . United Kingdom United States Italy Germany Linen, hemp, and jute textiles and ^ manufactures United Kingdom United States '. Germany Petroleum United States ....'.'.'.'.. Mexico Lumber !.!..".*!,'*!!"' All to the United States. Paper and stationers' supplies I nited States Spain .*. Germany Manufactures of leatlier! ".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. I nited States Vjermany Manufactures of glass, china and earthenware United States Germany Manufactures of wood or of wood and iron United States! ...'.'....'.'.'.'.'.'.','.'.'. Germany ','.'.'.' ^ Sweden ... Coal United States! !!!!!! Manufactures of lead, tin, copper and _, alloye tmted States !!!!!! _Germany ' ' Tons 8,235 8,235 10,946 10,946 15,741 15,741 1915 $758,570 241,848 4.55,540 25,884 21,437 1,970 1,672 121,198 86,769 10,040 11,458 538,236 488,350 17,787 1,528 2,145 i2i'.844 121.844 soe'.sio 506,510 127,433 103,823 13,449 5,596 125,583 42,241 39,328 19,699 13,201 5,390 2.916 108,669 68,239 23,215 6,700 5,927 68,525 21,216 6,566 6,886 52.308 22.973 9.307 3.818 11.228 252.481 108.777 100,854 4.248 110,925 110,925 '78,666 147,243 102,516 29,637 4,073 94,661 87,200 596 27,859 19,863 4,476 86,727 34,473 10.733 25,686 46,398 46,398 18,416 14,798 1,132 1916 Tons 9,911 9.911 26,907 20,515 6,392 9,017 9,017 $1,676,030 701,449 952.086 1,500 10,053 2,061 6,400 348,327 323,149 22,988 488,073 397,163 39,521 12,068 766 ' 175,789 172.416 ' 6V2.869 612,809 206,619 198,535 7,884 ' 26i',i33 87,636 87,480 37,786 29.171 14.012 72 213.754 157.622 38.069 14.571 508 47,345 25,920 2,804 140 82,897 39,038 37,312 1,975 40 289.952 135,405 123.848 ' 223'.26i 193.929 29,271 35,258 182,585 147,515 14,391 126 179.102 173,377 51,951 46,441 567 145,869 101,854 1,453 988 30,047 30,047 29,776 28,774 33 1917 Tons 10.300 $2,294,425 * 399,609 ' 43"7*687 128,170 i.'0()i3",65i 157,239,' *7'7'.527 213,283 'li'2,ii8 136,946 28,867 510 34 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Imports by principal articles for 5 years: Articles 1913 1914 1915 1916 Cotton textiles and manufactures Iron and steel manufactures Food products Railway material Wheat flour ,' ' Agricultural machinery Wines and liquors !.!.... Drugs and medicines Silk textiles and manufactures Woolen textiles and manufactures . . . Linen, hemp and jute textiles and manufactures Petroleum !!!."!],! Lumber '...[.'.'.'... Paper and stationers' supplies. ...!!! Manufactures of leather , Manufactures of glass, china and earthenware Manufactures of wood or of wood and Cor.::::::::;:::::::;::::::::;. Manufactures of lead, tin, copper and alloys Miscellaneous Total »1,734,833 685,548 666,856 426.827 394,932 350,367 347,752 268,523 263.448 253,107 222.321 184.937 179.880 179,798 156,689 106,826 88,853 45,418 37,638 1,464,772 $7,959,325 $1,289,105 515.517 545.087 423.226 509,280 374.594 245.876 279,666 221,169 220.620 224,764 182,117 111.797 165,399 143,448 123,724 199.143 49,582 25,264 1.499,465 $7,348,843 $ 758,570 121,198 538,236 121,844 506,510 127,433 125,583 108,666 68.526 62.308 252,481 110,925 78,667 147.243 94.661 27,859 86,727 46,398 18,416 680,888 $3,973,139 $1,676,030 348,323 488,077 175,789 612.809 206,619 261,133 213,753 47,345 82,897 289.952 223.201 35.258 182,586 179,102 51,951 145.869 30.047 29.776 1,445.084 $6,725,601 Note: In the table above, the imports through the land frontier are not included. Exports by principal articles for 5 years: Articles 1913 1914 1915 1916 Coffee, clean Coffee, in parchment. . . . , Bananas Cattle hides Sugar, including panela. . . Woods Chicle Rubber Skins Sheepskins, dressed Hats Honey Distillates Horns Clothing, wool Live animals Indigo Sarsaparilla Gold, native Mineral products Frijoles (beans) Tobacco Miscellaneous Exports through the fron- tiers of Salvador and Honduras $9,904,877 2.349.847 825,670 455.476 349.052 247.759 142,108 100,323 24,676 'ld,i44 9,127 5.820 1,695 1,405 1,360 901 760 399 8,227 1917 $2,294,425 399,609 437,687 128,170 1,008,051 157,239 77,527 278,263 112,118 136,940 232.737 252,826 10,632 239.263 206,952 74,800 177.482 5,322 107,958 855,268 $7,193,259 1917 10,300 $14,449,926 $8,892,102 1,499.663 1.017,141 341,101 354.382 301.571 227,742 14,767* 28,541 110 4,002 8,978 9,160 1,532 6,689 3,260 93 'll',589 813 1,227 6,054 13,152 11,368 $12,754,027 $8,009,649 939.746 1,082. 4 2<) 506.962 322.728 176.231 231.624 49,331 33.740 24,574 8.923 10.979 5.064 102 2.048 45,463 32 15,690 46,398 495 18,953 26.231 10,150 $11,566,686 $7,825,250 241,266 1,025,438 566,190 422,295 116,964 130,302, 68.823 25.725 24,209 7,234 126 1.524 1,075 4,840 4.279 89,044 1.388 16.118 46.126 19,710 $10,637,886 $5,355,577 74,735 990.790 435,477 450,239 138.254 59,694 64,184 47,698 7.373 14.693 36 10,016 2,340 46,972 487 4,348 106.819 $7,809,732 GUATEMALA 35 Exports by principal countries of destination for 5 years: Countries 1913 1914 1915 1916 United States Netherlands Sweden , British Honduras Central America , Germany United Kingdom Italy South America Mexico Spain Denmark Norway Cuba France China and Japan Switzerland ] Austria-Hungary Canada Belgium Exports through the fron- tiers of Salvador and Honduras $3,923,354 47,632 ' '257,677 71,234 7.653.557 1.600.029 606 264,056 77,970 4,734 21,268 71 514.2i3 2.693 1,332 1917 10,300 $14,449,926 $4,874,379 173,417 19,999 230,800 149,608 5,412,580 1,245,906 6,678 98,114 137,252 6,799 6 34,185 306.105 2,123 45,718 11,369 $12,754,027 $6,881,411 1,771,241 650,903 272,334 132.835 50,237 1,049,937 45,848 367,901 145,667 23,012 204,043 61,396 18 212 2,266 5,897 149 1,138 10,151 $11,566,586 $6,668,674 947,042 245,183 147,647 108,540 91,668 86,087 74,933 74,473 72,169 47,569 35,837 11,003 6,619 837 5 • ••••••• • •••■•a. 19,710 $10,637,886 $7,600,000 65,000 35,000 $7,809,732 Production and Industry Under the National Land Law of 1894 State lands with the exception of those on the ^ZTr. ""k V""'- rZ^'''''^ '°' ''''■ *•>« '"''^°"'" •'"•ding -Uot«l to any one^c W being 15 catenas (about 1,687 acres), which cannot be sold under 10 years. In 19mh^ ^^^ent took over aU mineral lands, aUowing the concession of expiration onfy ^1£ TTie principal industry of the republic is agriculture, and the chief crop is coffee Thp foUowxng tab e shows the number of coffee plantations in 1913. their pr^ictton^d tte nationahty of their proprietors: proaucuon and the Nationality Number of planta- tions Production in quintals of 101 pounds Nationality Guatemalan German . . . . AuBtrian . . Belgian. . . . Colombian . Chinese . . . . Costa Rican Chilean. . . . Ppanish . . . . French 1,657 170 4 9 7 1 2 2 ' 84 21 Number of planta- tions Production in quintals of 101 pounds 525,356 358,353 630 6,018 1,266 15 1,008 57,402 12,661 1,119 Honduran Italian English Mexican Nicaraguan American Salvadorean Swiss Mixed Companies 7 6,608 19 16.380 20 12.046 29 700 6 140 16 19.286 11 2,255 9 14.185 6 12,920 2.079 1.046,236 655,386 h^o?a^,i;',,T^"t^ "^T" l"''""'^ importance. In 1914 there were lead of cattle, 114,451 horses and mules, 402,120 sheep, 58,870 goate, 176,510 pigs. 36 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS The forest resources of the republic are chiefly in the Department of Peten producing campeche, mahogany, dye woods, hard woods, chicle and henequen (sisal). Mineral resources are being developed principaUy in the Departments of Chiquimula and Huehue- tenango, and comprise sUver, copper, and gold. There are about 135 mines in the repubUc The most miportant manufacturing enterprise is the Cantel Cotton Mills at Quezaltenango* which import the largest part of the cotton which they consume from the United States' There are also sugar miUs and refineries, several smaU tanneries, a shoe factory operated by steam power^ which hkewise makes stationery and envelopes; two breweries, one in Guatemala City and one in Quezaltenango; furniture works, and tobacco, soap, candle and mineral water factories. Railways : Guatemala's only important railway system is operated by the International Railways of Central America, mcorporated in 1912 as a consolidation of the Guatemala Central Rail- way, the Guatemala Railway, the Occidental Railway and the Ocos Railway. The com- pany's hnes now extend from the Carribbean port of Puerto Barrios to Guatemala City (194 miles), thence to San Jos^ on the Pacific coast, (74 miles), with a branch from Santa Mana through wide coffee districts to Mazatenango, (60 miles), and thence to Champerico, a port on the Pacific (42 miles); an extension runs from Las Cruces to the Mexican frontier] (54 miles), and an extension in the Republic of Salvador of 99 miles runs from La Union westward to Zacatecoluca. The total mileage of the International Railways is 445; 195 miles are operated by the Atlantic division, 139 by the Central division, 12 by the bcoa division, and 99 by the Salvador division. The Company has projected a system which should eventually be carried through Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama, givmg an all rail route between the United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and the Canal Zone. Besides this system the United Fruit Company operates 92 miles of railway, and the Verapaz Railway has a 29 mile Une from Panzos to Panacajche. There are also light rail- ways owned by various coffee plantations. There are about 4,300 miles of telephone and telegraph wires in operation with approxi- mately 333 offices and stations. Highway construction is being pushed; at present the majority of traffic away from the railways is by mule. Post Offices: There are 425 post offices. Money : The silver standard is nominally the basis of the republic's currency, the theoretical unit being the silver peso of 100 centavos, with an exchange value of approximately SO 63 United States currency. The actual currency in use is inconvertible paper, having no fixed value in terms of gold or foreign exchange, the unit of account being the theoretical silver peso. There is a subsidiary coinage of ^ and ^ pesos (silver), and reales, (12>^ centavos) and the }4 and }4 real in nickel and copper. ' Weights and Measures : The metric system of weights and measures has been officially adopted, but the old Spanish terms prevail. These are the onza (ounce) libra (pound, equals 1.043 lbs ) arroba (25 Hbras), quintal (100 hbras), tonelada (ton of 20 quintals), and fanega (VA bushels). Language : Spanish . Local Advertising Media: The principal local advertising media are the two leading dailies in Guatemala City There is also a weekly magazine, a weekly commercial paper and an agricultural monthly.' GUATEMALA 37 Shipping routes: United Fruit Company. Morgan Line. (Southern Pacific.) Panama Railroad Steamship Line. Consular Representatives: A minister of the United States is located at Guatemala City. United States consular officials are stationed at Guatemala, Livingston, Puerto Barrios, San Jos^ de Guatemala. Consular officials of Guatemala are stationed at Mobile, Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, Pensacola, Chicago, Kansas City, Louisvilje, New Orleans, Baltimore, Boston, Gulfport, St. Louis, Jersey City, New York City, Philadelphia, San Juan, Providence, Galveston, St. Thomas and Seattle. Customs tariff: The custom tariff of Guatemala provides for ad valorem duties assessed on arbitrarily established valuations set forth in the tariff act itself. Consular regulations: Five copies of consular invoices, procurable only at the consulate, ($0.35 per set of 5) are required and must be filled out in Spanish. Two certified copies must be forwarded to the consignee. Spearate invoices must be drawn for each different mark. Certification of invoices is charged for at the rate of 2 per cent, of the declared value; every extra invoice $1.00. Certification of each set of 2 bills of lading costs $1.00; each extra bill of lading $1.00. Cable Rates: San Jos^ $0.44 per word; other places $0.49 per word from New York or New England states. Postal rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Seven days via New Orleans to Guatemala City. Parcel Post: Service extends to Guatemala. Limit of weight, 22 pounds, or fraction thereof. Money orders: Not issued. International reply coupons: Not issued. Twelve cents per pound HONDURAS A repubUc of central America bounded on the north by the Caribbean Sea, east by Nicaragua, the Pacific Ocean and Salvador and west by Guatemala. Its area is approxi- mately equal to that of Louisiana. There are but two seasons, the wet, from May to November, and the dry, from November to May. The climate of the Atlantic coast land is moist and hot, but on the highlands of the interior is temperate. The principal industries of Honduras are agriculture, mining, the raising of livestock and the cutting of timber. Bananas and cocoanuts, both grown on the Caribbean coast, are the principal agricultural products, silver the principal mineral product, and mahogany and dyewoods the most important of the timber resources. A considerable amount of American capital is invested in both the mines and the banana plantations of Honduras. 1 ' ; r 38 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS More than two-thirds of the total imports of Honduras are ordinarily supplied by the United States. During the five year i)eriod from 1912-13 to 1916-17 the average share of the United States in the import trade of Honduras was 82 per cent., the minimum share being 67 per cent, during the year 1912-13, and the maximum share being 91 per cent, in 1915-16. Of the total imports in 1918 the United States suppUed 83 per cent, and took 88 per cent, of the total exports. The per capita foreign trade of Honduras in 1918 amounted to $23.22; imports to $9.38; exports to $13.84. Area and Population Honduras is the third largest of the Central American republics. It has an estimated area of 46,250 square miles, and an estimated population of 650,000, (553,446, according to the census of 1910), or 14 per square mile. The inhabitants are principally Indian with varying degrees of Spanish blood, and a large number of Negroes on the Caribbean (north- em) Coast. The country is divided into 17 departments and 1 territory. La Mosquitia, which, although the second largest geographical division, is virtually unexplored forest land populated by native Indians who speak no Spanish. The capital of Honduras is Tegucigalpa, with a population of 58,950 m 1914. It has the distinction of being the only capital city in the Americas not accessible by raih^ad. The chief ports are Amapala, on the Pacific, and Puerto Cort&, Tela, Ceiba and Trujillo on the Atlantic. Other cities are La Esperanza (pop. 11,453), San Pedro Sula (pop. 7820) and Sants Rosa (pop. 10»574). The climate is tropical along the coast fines and cool in the mountainous regions and plateaus of the interior. The territory of the repubfic is mountainous throughout, with high plateaus and valleys, among them the plain of Comayagua, 40 miles in length. ' Commerce The value of the total foreign trade of Honduras in 1918 was $15,100,000. Of this total, imports were estimated at $6,100,000 and exports at $9,000,000. According to official reports, the foreign trade of Honduras for the fiscal year ending July 31, 1917, was: Imports, $6,293,162 U. S. gold, and exports, 13,383,630 pesos silver. Estimating the gold premium at 66 (i. e., 1.66 pesos silver = $1 gold), the exports expressed in gold would be $8,030,177, and the total foreign trade $14,323,339 (U. S. currency). For the preceding fiscal year (1915-1916) the foreign trade was: Imports, $4,452,109 gold; exports 10,476,412 pesos silver. Expressed in gold (gold premium estimated in this year at 150), the exports would be $4,190,565, U. S. currency, and the total trade $8,642,674. The chief imports are cotton textiles, foodstuffs, pharmaceutical products, boots and shoes, machinery, implements and manufactures of iron and steel. Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Honduras for eleven years: Year ended Exports Imports Excess of exports (♦) or imports (-) June 30 Domestic Foreign Total Free Dutiable Total Per Cent. 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 $1,466,315 1.579,208 2,096,424 2,412,425 3,113.801 4,779,980 4,907,414 4,558,981 5,668,001 4,560,212 $33,317 26,285 29,590 48,844 54,961 93,532 97,029 50,434 24,553 67.917 $1,499,632 1.605.493 2.126,014 2,461,269 3,168.762 4,873,512 5.004,443 4.609.415 5,692,554 4,618,129 5.519,137 $2,123,276 2,003.636 2,650,340 2,774,945 3,195,143 3,108,689 2,571,096 2,804,367 4,059.760 4,479,170 $27,476 8,589 6,669 6,027 5,448 21.639 22.428 174,106 627,395 956,639 $2,150,752 2.012.225 2,657,009 2,780,972 3.200,591 3,130,328 2.593,524 2.978,473 4,687,155 5,437,809 6,250,412 98.73 99.57 99.75 99.78 99.83 99.31 99.14 94.15 86.61 82.37 - $651,120 - 406,732 - 530,995 - 319,703 - 31,829 - 1.743.184 ♦ 2.410,919 ♦ 1,630,943 ♦ 1,005,399 - 819,680 1 - 731,276 HONDURAS 39 Imports by countries for the last five fiscal years in U. S. currency: Countries 1912-13 1913-14 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 United States. .. United Kingdom Central America. Germany France Spain Italy Belgium Mexico Japan Other countries Total $3,463,662 751,652 97,960 558.327 148,280 45,857 32.842 12,418 5,639 11.800 4.242 $5,132,679 $5,262,043 496.205 94.701 521,837 141.598 39,901 42,942 9,381 1,750 17,249 3.323 $6,624,930 $5,177,000 327,000 113,000 96,000 55,000 31,000 25,000 6,000 44,000 $5,87i.000 $4,082,584 100,000 150,000 "50,666 $4,452,109 $5,618,000 200,000 150,000 50,666 $6,293,162 Note:— Gold premium averaged as follows: 1912-13 and 1913-14, 150; 1914-15, 175; 1915-16. 150; 1916-17, 166 2-3. Value of exports by countries of destination for the last 5 years: Countries 1912-13 1913-14 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 United States . . . Central America United Kingdom Italy Germany Peru© France® Mexico® Other oountries . Total $2,765,482 166,647 56,559 131 169,746 11.596 5.007 4,106 1,692 $3,180,966 $2,974,096 221,343 53.352 120 164,586 2,316 3,852 1.664 $3,421,329 $3,060,766 53,801 14,091 4,026 707 29.188 $3,162,579 $4,000,000 ff loo.ooog 10,000® 6,000® $4,190,565 $7,679,291 181,619 " ' 2,286 ■ ■ ' " 9,786 19,1130 1.980 136,114 $8,030,177 Note: ® In 1914-15 included in "other oountries." ® Estimate. The principal exports are bananas, cocoanuts, coffee, hides, rubber, cattle, mahogany, gold, and silver. Production and Industry The four principal sources of national wealth are agriculture, the raising of Uvestock, timber resources and mining. The principal crop is bananas, which, with cocoanuts, are grown extensively on the Caribbean Coast, never further inland than from 50 to 75 miles. The annual value of the exports from Puerto Cortes averages $1,000,000. Tobacco is grown extensively in the Departments of Coban and El Paraiso, and is exported to neigh- boring countries and to Peru. Wheat, corn, rice, beans, coffee and indigo are likewise cultivated. There are 3658 farms and 1561 cattle ranches. There were in 1914, 489,000 head of cattle in the repubUc, 10.57 per square mile and 1.78 per capita. There were, besides, 43,549 horses and 14,000 mules. The center of this industry is the Departments of Olancho and Cholubeca, Cortes, Colon, Atlantida and Yoro. The mineral wealth of the country consists of silver, gold, copper, iron, lead, antimony and mercury. The richest silver mine in Central America is located at San Juancito, about 20 miles from Tegucigalpa. Mining claims may be denounced by any individual to the extent of 1000 hectares (hectare=2.47 acres), and free entry through the customs at Amapala is granted to all mining equipment imported. There have been 700 mines denounced thus far. The princi- pal forest resources are mahogany and dyewoods. ¥ 'i I » 1 40 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN '^MARKETS NICARAGUA 41 There are 106 registered factories in the republic, the only articles of domestic manu- facture exported being "Panama" hats and cigars. Other establishments produce soap (^rstilir ''^^^' ^""^ ^^^""^ *'^ ^^""^^^^ foundries, sugar refineries and aguardiente Railways : The total length of railways in operation in 1916 was approximately 321 miles all the mileage being located on the Caribbean side of the repubhc, most of it having been built to facihtate the banana and timber trade. The National Railway is 55 mUes in length and runs from Puerto Cortes via San Pedro Sula to PotrevUlos. The Tela Railroad operates 23 miles of track. Other Unes are operated by banana cultivating interests. Telegraphs, Telephones and Post Offices: There are 4^865 miles of telegraph hne and 267 offices; 552 miles of telephone hne and 301 stations; 207 post offices The capital, Tegucigalpa, is without railroad communica- tion of any kmd. A hne of freight and passenger automobiles runs from Amapala on the Pacific Coast to the capital, making the trip in 12 hours. From Puerto Cortes, on the Atlantic coast the tnp takes 1 week. Traffic is still largely handled by bullock carts though the automobile is growing in favor. ' Money, Weights and Measures: The currency of the republic is based on the saver standard, the unit being the peso of 100 centavos. The value of the peso fluctuates with the rise or fall in the price of silver m the International market. There is a subsidiary sUver coinage of 50, 25 20 10 and 5 centavo piec^. Paper banknotes are in circulation, and these Ukwise fluctuate greatly in value. There are 3 banks in Honduras, the Banco de Hondm-as with head office at Tegucigalpa and 6 branches, the Banco de Comercio at Tegucigalpa, and the Banco Atlan- tida at Ceiba. The metric system of weights and measures is legal, but the American system and Spamsh vara of 32 inches, arroba of 25 lbs., quintal of 100 lbs., tonela^a of 200^^^ are hkewise m general use. ^* Diplomatic and Consular Officials: The United States has a minister, consul, and vice consul at TeeuciiralnR- r.nn-,.i. and ^ce consuls in Ceiba and Puerto Cortes, and consular agents in BoZZnlliTT^ San Pedro Sula and Amapala. ' *^""*'**"' ^*^*»> Honduras has a minister at Washington, consuls general in New York San PVa« • and New Orleans consuls in Waahington, D. C, and Mobile hTn^t; Z^tZ Angeles, Tampa, St I^u.s, Boston, Chicago, Kansas City, Gaiveston. and a^tonor^y Vice consul in New York. "unorary Language : Spanish. Shipping Routes: United Fruit Company. Panama Railroad Steamship Line. Morgan Line (Southern Pacific). Customs Tariff: The customs tariff of Honduras provides specific duties on gross weight oerhRlfHi. gram upon approximately 1660 enumerated articles. Consular Regulations: Four copies of consular invoice drawn in Spanish are required Bills nf i ^• must be certified by the consul (charge $1.00). Certification offconsullrinvoLt^ charged for on a shding scale based upon the value of the shipment. Commerical in- voice must be certified by the consul (no charge) and must be presented by consignee. Numbers must be marked on each package to correspond with those on bills of lading and consular invoices. Packages may be marked with either stencil or brush. Cable Rates: Forty-nine cents a word from New York or New England States. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Eight days to Puerto Cortes from New York. Parcels-Post: Service extends to Honduras. Limit of weight, 11 pounds. Prohibitions: Arms and ammunitions. Money Orders: Issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. NICARAGUA A republic of Central America, bounded on the north by Honduras, on the east by the Carribbean Sea, on the south by Costa Rica, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. Its area is approximately equal to that of the state of New York. The climate of the interior uplands is mild and healthy, but elsewhere is distinctly tropical. There are two seasons, the wet from May to November on the Pacific sloj>e and from June to December on the Caribbean, and the dry, which lasts throughout the winter months. The principal industries of Nicaragua are agriculture and mining. The chief agricul- tural products are bananas, which are grown in the vicinity of Bluefields, on the Carribbean coast, sugar, coffee and cocoa; the principal mineral product is gold. American investments in Nicaragua are extensive, and the financial affairs of the country are practically controlled by American banking houses. The United States Government exercises supervision over the foreign relations of the government as well as over its fiscal condition. An important factor which should be taken into consideration in transacting business with Nicaragua is the almost total lack of communication between the Caribbean and Pacific coasts. The United States normally supplies more than half of Nicaragua's imports, the annual average share of the United States during the last six years for which statistics are available having been 82 per cent. Of the total imports the United States in 1918 supplied 78 per cent, and took 82 per cent, of the total exports. The per capita foreign trade of Nicaragua amounted to $19.45; imports to $8.43, exports to $11.02. Area and Population The estimated population, 1914, was 703,540. About 75 per cent, of the inhabitants live in the western half of the republic. For administrative purposes the country is divided into thirteen departments and five districts, as follows: Departments: Bluefields (formerly Zelaya), capital, Bluefields; Managua, capital, Managua; Granada, capital, Granada; Leon, capital, Leon; Carazo, capital, Jinotepe; Rivas, capital, Rivas; Chinandega, capital, Chinandega; Esteli, capital, Esteli; Jinotega, capital, Jinotega; Nieva Sevogia, capital, Ocotal; Matagalpa, capital, Matagalpa; Rio Grande, capital, Rio Grande; Chontales, capital, Juigalpa. Districts: Cabo Gracias, Prinzapolca, Rio Grande, Siquia, San Juan del Norte. The capital of Nicaragua is Managua (population 34,872). Other cities are, Leon (I 42 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS 13 miles from the PaciBc coast and 45 miles northwest of Managua (population 62 569V Granada, (population 17,100); Corinto, the chief Pacific port (po^at on 2^mr« '"^«' p«« Ti^T^^^Zo^l^llZ ^'^ ' m""" (P<'P'J''t'on 14.000); Matagalpa (population 15,570); Jinotega (ZuTatio! 10^ T 7" '"''"""°° ''•"*^^' Chinandega (population 10,6m;Ca (Zution Commerce The value of the total foreign trade of Nicaragua in 1918 was $13 6S4 749 nf ,u- total imports amounted to $5,929,802 and exports ^$7,754,9^ ^13,684,742. Of this Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Nicaragua for 11 yeare: Excess of expKjrts (♦) or imports (-) 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 $1,334,651 1,653.553 2.452.945 2,424,409 2,756,583 2,563.071 1,972,022 3,008.259 4.467,341 4,254.481 120,736 37,239 22.847 62.469 169,224 65,963 115,656 160,845 66.272 123.207 11,355,287 1.690,792 2.475,792 2.486,878 2,925,807 2,629,034 2.087,678 3,169.104 4.533,613 4,377,688 5,519,137 $850,016 1.249.792 1.440.831 1.503.321 1.433.933 1.385.331 2,179,784 2,346,583 2,744.890 4.385.785 $154,795 72.168 1,468 1.826 4.006 9.917 22.126 48.241 281.168 204,252 $1,004,811 1.321,767 1.442.299 1.505.147 1.437.939 1,395,248 2.201.910 2.394,824 3,026,058 4,590.037 4.596,302 $84.60 94.54 99.90 99.88 99.72 99.29 99.00 97.90 90.71 95.55 $350,476 369,025 1.033.493 981.731 1,487.868 1.233.786 114,232 774,280 1,507,555 212.349 922,835 Foreign trade of Nicaragua during 11 years: Year Imports Exports Total 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 $2,958,878 2,583.257 2,856,305 5,724.695 4.966.820 ^9^3 i 5.770.006 Year $3,647,984 3,989.428 4,545.022 6.579.414 3.861.516 7,712,047 Imports Exports $6,606,862 1914 6,572,685 1915 7,401,327 1916 12.304,109 1917 8,828,336 1918 13,482.053 Total 4,134.323 3.159.220 4.777.597 6.393,068 5,929,802 4.955.050 4.567.201 5,284.863 5,975,256 7,754,940 Imports by countries for 6 years: 9.089,373 7,726,421 10,062,460 12.368.324 13.684.742 United States United Kingdom France Italy ; ; ; ; ; Spain '.'..'" Salvador Honduras Costa Rica West Indies ......." Guatemala [[ British Honduras Germany • • • • • Japan China Coimtries of Africa ...... Ofher countries of America Other countries of Europe . Total $2,549,026 939.290 256.255 121,610 58,656 77.340 3.490 2,659 ' i'6.785 604.038 15.. 569 130,292 129 102,914 88.767 $4,966,820 $3,244,008 1,150,611 400,677 144.361 55,883 13,203 141 3,234 798 ' 619,213 5,227 67,932 28.470 36,149 $5,770,006 $2,566,368 718,264 254,108 115,312 53,969 3,779 1.206 3,299 i.553 391,41 i 1 665 7.061 17.327 $4,1.34.323 $2,592,799 302,294 138,218 43,963 20,247 3.059 2,106 4.030 9i4 36,960 136 196 9.i62 5.196 $3,855,900 610,522 202.205 34.246 29,,399 9.288 8.516 4,196 4,055 1.381 951 321 146 39 8,586 7,846 $5,171,468 818,614 249,359 40,968 32,407 29.985 4.145 10.627 5.203 3.321 375 388 441 28 2l'.i56 4.583 NICARAGUA 43 Imports by articles and principal countries of origin in 1917: Values 1917 Articles Values 1917 Cotton Goods: Piece goods United States United Kingdom France Raady-made clothing United States Thread United Kingdom France All other United States United Kingdom Liquors, beers, wines, etc: Malt liquors Uniteid States .■••,••• Mineral waters, natural and artificial. . United States Spirits distilled (brandy, whiskey, cordials, and liquors) United States United Kingdom France ^nes United States Italy All other United Kingdom Cement United States Vegetable fibers: Bags and jute United Kingdom United States Linen piece goods United States Other manufactures of linen United States United Kingdom All other vegetable fibers United States Manufactures of iron and steel: Bars, rods, ingots castings and struc- tural United States Cutlery United States Domestic ware, including enameled ware United States Agricultural machinery United States Sewing machines United States All other machinery United States Rails United States Sheets and plates, including galvanized iron and tinplate United States Tools and implements. . . United States United Kingdom, Wire United States. ..........'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'. Nails, and all other manufactures of iron and steel United States $1,412,260 891,654 417,133 95,169 220.585 212.594 86.786 63.418 14,412 155,575 96,926 42,130 46,447 42,722 6,466 4,402 43.129 22,339 11.052 8,983 47.179 27,101 10.351 9,593 7,305 20.620 20.585 92,210 75.624 16.388 16.559 15.009 3.522 1,812 1,505 52.806 43,729 25.076 24.833 12,131 11,830 40,982 38.759 3.613 3.613 14.173 14,135 440,224 429,322 27,068 27,068 35,812 35,812 82,818 70,202 10,902 44,493 43,173 1,140,188 135,324 Woolen Goods: Caipets United States Piece goods United Kingdom United States Wearing apparel United States United Kingdom All other manufactures of wool United States Paper and Manufactures: Books and other printed matter United States France Newsprint paper United States Surface-coated paper and blank books United States All other paper United States Spain Oils — mineral: Petroleum United States Benzine, gasoline and naptha United States All other United States Hides, skins, and manufactures: Hides and skins— dressed United States Boots and shoes United States All other manufactures of leath^. ... United States Food products: Rice United States Wheat flour United States Indian corn United States Sugar United States CofTee United States Meat and dairy products: Butter, cheese, and substitutes United States Meat products, unclassified United States Milk and substitutes United States Fruits and products: Fruits, canned and preserved United States Vegetables and products: Beans United States Prepared or preserved vegetables .... United States Fish and fish products: Canned or preserved fish United States Chemicals, drugs and medicines United States 1,354 1,198 34,787 15,806 15.535 36.427 17.941 15.056 1,460 728 18,449 11,224 3.837 12.193 12.193 40,105 34,694 38.545 27.519 5,782 10,495 101,495 103,965 123.918 72.114 71,502 102,443 101,864 113,023 112,583 14,274 12,737 180.807 154,100 400,322 400,322 18,177 18.177 7,529 7.529 17.239 15,349 23.240 23.036 36.187 35.802 13,712 13,678 27.202 20.561 89,985 89,484 18.554 16,732 31.128 30.121 501.561 398,727 I I $3,159,220 $4,777,597 $6,393,068 Continued on page 44 44 If I i I EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Table Continued: Silk goods: Piece goods United States. . . WearinK apparel United States France ' ' All other silk manufactures Lnited States France ] All other imports: Olive oil United States. ..'..' United Kingdom . Spain ' ' Other vegetable oils United States. .. Dynamite United States. . ." .' Gunpowder and other explosives ' Umted States Rubber, gutta-percha, celluloid' manufactures . Umted States. . Soap •_ ; iMited States. ...'.' United Kingdom. , Jewelry United States. ..'.'.*.' Gold and silver manufactures Umted States and 24.237 20,097 42,591 31,611 9,233 22,652 15.707 4.924 6,972 2,197 2,112 1,652 98,836 98,417 70,674 70,674 32,004 32,002 37.257 35,635 18,199 15,589 75,938 47.714 27,632 14,756 13,329 65,405 65,026 All other imports — Con. Copper and manufactures United States Wood and manufactures: Furniture United States. '.'.'..'. Other manufactures of wood." United States Perfumer>-, cosmetics and toilet articiee r ranee. ... United States.' .'.'.".'.*.'■■ Paints, pigment*, and dyes , Umted States Hats and caps. . United States.. Italy '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.v.'. Tobacco and manufactures: Cigars and cigarettes . United States. .. . All other United States. Candles ' United States. ..........', Glass and glassware . United States Matches United States. Coal United Stat« Imports by principal articles for 6 years: Articles 1912 1913 1914 1915 Cotton goods Liquors, beer, wines, and other beverages Cement Vegetable fibers and manufac- tures Iron and Steel manufactures Woolen goods Paper and manufactures Petroleum " * ' Hides and skins and manufac- tures Food products: Rice Sugar Coffee ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Meat and dairy products. ' Fruits and products. Wheat flour '. ' .' ' ' Vegetables and products . Indian corn Fish and fish products All other Chemicals drugs, knd m'edi cines Silk goods All other imports. . . . . Total . $1,259,869 227,835 16,273 72,691 658,507 89.746 77,830 45.255 140,556 230,801 29,899 19,575 117.193 23,458 469,325 93,538 57,965 37,989 32.927 173,125 149,085 964,378 $4,996,820 1916 $1,417,32 $828,215 238,881 14,419 135.008 786,901 95,797 81,776 106.377 223.205 172.645 36.941 28,383 137,196 27.272 223,744 97,574 35,813 51,265 79,184 231,959 149,905 1.398,729 $5,770,006 140.789 16.531 116.388 520,790 83,997 67,445 83,905 186.449 134.882 26.718 23.590 88.005 21.247 336,895 73,669 15,199 28,892 65,469 200.346 8l»,0ti9 985.833 •4,134,323 $592,206 74,221 12,734 77.173 380.871 33.170 53.729 87,085 145,497 145.550 26.542 17,195 72.740 13.010 378,394 67,697 54,382 9.670 53.483 181.724 47,441 634,706 $3,159,220 $1,156,821 111.646 20.575 203.032 608.468 38.045 69.291 88.760 233.062 131,397 17,704 21,144 82,042 20,131 294,843 94,243 10.605 21.213 71,962 430.566 50.853 1.001,204 $4,777,597 63,191 66.204 11.059 10,738 18.889 17.692 54.314 28.431 23.392 25.087 24.938 40,763 25,602 10,743 18,150 13,219 13,157 13,064 37,058 36,330 32,096 31,613 28,194 28,192 12,760 12,760 1917 $1,875,209 152,816 20,621 165,097 866,479 74,028 109,373 101.495 229,741 180,807 7,529 17,239 79,744 31,552 400.322 124,360 18,178 31.128 51.262 501,661 89,481 1.265,046 $6,393,068 NICARAGUA Exports by articles and principal countries of destination in 1917; Quantity Value Quantity Coffee: Cleaned Kilos 7,514.511 United States " 4,112.227 France " 2,335,470 Italy " Spam " Shell •• 738,281 156,110 849,324 United States " 809,722 Discolored " 64.459 France " 19,209 Italy •' 22,296 Spaxn •• 15,527 Gold: Amalgamated In bars Concentrates Dust All of the above to the U nited State SUver: In bars Concentrates All to the United States. Bananas Bunches 959,855 United States " 959,855 Hides and skins: Cattle hides Kilos 1,123,928 United States " 1,121,613 Deerskins ** 102,250 United States ** 102,215 Rubber " 295.350 United States " 295,221 $1,532,932 855,945 475,645 134,456 30,975 220,334 209,796 8,340 2.505 2,908 2,547 427,633 166,183 287,559 36,539 s. 34,462 64.264 479.927 479.927 460,73S 459,228 61,696 61.575 $258,852 258,706 Woods: Mahogany United States Cedar United States Nambar United States Dyewoods and dyes France Italy Sugar Kilos United States " Canada *' Cocoanuts No. United States " Cacao Kilos United States " Salvador " Cotton " United States " Spain " Copper — old United States Indian corn Kilos Guatemala " Salvador " Containers (drums, cylinders, etc.) United States 2,911,012 2,028,319 620,529 1,097.423 1.020,023 137,829 89,484 26,380 56,365 24.747 31.618 931,443 802,080 128.443 Exports by articles for 6 years : Articles 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 Bananas Bunches. Value... Cacao Kilos ,. Value. . . Cocoanut.s Number ^ . Value. . . Coffee Kilos .. _, Value... Cotton Kilos .. n ij Value. . . Gold Kilos .. „. , . , . Value. . . Hides and skins Kilos . . Rubber Kilos .. „ Value... Sugar Kilos .. ur A Value... Wood Sq.ft... Dyewoods and dyes Sq. ft . ! . o;, Value . . . 8>'ver Kilos .. r. » • Value . . . Containers, empty (tanks, drums, cylinders, etc.) . . . Kilos . . AH other exports Value '. . Total 1.447,077 $423,049 35,544 $16,545 702.736 $16,700 6.162,711 $1,773,105 116.277 $25,957 $907,134 749.770 $249,024 153,760 $164,830 356,980 $25,915 5,050 $120,535 3,087,047 $20,231 $118,491 $3,861,516 1,393,026 $429,802 66,086 $39,828 864,857 $18,741 11,192,908 $5,004,449 873 $140 $1,063,077 684,082 $326,599 221,432 $278,763 497,217 $31,805 7,734 $321,869 3.984,053 $39,455 508 $17,137 273,448 $37,858 $102,524 $7,712,047 45 Value 1,198,125 1,189,082 79,988 79.808 15,180 15,180 6,544 4,000 2.544 231.797 168,704 40.289 30,322 29,017 43,861 23,826 11,221 18,959 9,530 9,429 9,697 9,347 36,076 30,334 5,702 33,241 33.241 1917 1.525,589 1.105.648 1,110,505 959,856 $504,191 $371,947 $493,567 $479,928 62,291 103,366 125,695 137.829 $29,064 $37,985 $57,578 $43,861 1,141,543 965.436 1,168,356 1,097,423 $25,878 $11,942 $30,540 $30,322 10,350,775 9.132,547 10,452,839 8,428,294 $2,295,397 $1,982,660 $2,170,786 $1,761,607 5.698 94,170 16,875 56,366 $995 1.919 $31,105 $6,774 $18,959 $891,025 $935,261 $958,943 $925,628 783.476 1,131,584 1,182,641 1,226,216 $401,063 $535,711 $499,806 $522,473 142,788 223,314 295.949 295,350 $124,326 $173,473 $266,476 $258,852 709,246 212.104 3,034,538 2.911,012 $47,348 $15,782 $248,411 $231,797 11,895 7,541,762 9,684,459 19,587,125 $456,239 $272,049 $373,601 $1,304,785 2,917.804 6,756,723 1,852,435 818,000 $18,503 $49,601 $16,095 $6,544 636 220 124 not sub- $52,697 $20,712 $9,330 di\'ided 309,403 286.542 253.708 not sub- $34,207 $29,793 $27,087 divided $74,117 $99,180 $135,869 $390,500 $4,955,050 $4,567,201 $5,284,863 $5,975,256 46 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS NICARAGUA 47 Exports by countries of destination for 6 years: 1012 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 United States France Italy United Kingdom Canada Spain Salvador Guatemala Honduras British Honduras Costa Rica China Germany Other countries of Europe . . . Other countries of America . , Total Sl.766.548 626,083 48,437 515.381 i",779 23,009 721 31.147 '9.177 ' 702,256 108,959 28,019 $3,861,516 $2,722,386 1,763.187 98,169 998,564 2.769 24.049 17,386 46,436 7,542 1,246 1,887,698 118.451 25,176 $7,712,047 $2,428,383 1,156,498 203,485 367,066 5,388 27.915 6.886 15,695 V.439 660,756 145,428 36,111 $4,966,060 $3,079,810 600,684 274,312 438,500 '35,217 10.134 3,623 17.438 6',57i 12,766 '64,318 23.828 $4,567,201 $3,730,952 925,744 253,512 37,966 35,900 27.137 23,137 14,549 8,169 3,767 3.497 139.366 81,178 $6,284,863 $5,092,469 488,363 145.420 2,362 48,539 45.707 24.004 37.679 4,859 80 9,913 7.696 68.266 $5,975,266 Production and Industiy Nicaragua's principal sources of wealth are her agricultural industry and gold mines. The chief crops are bananas, which are grown near Bluefields, and shipped to New Orleans; sugar, which is grown on the west coast, where the by-products, molasses, rum and alcohol are also produced; coffee; cocoa, of which the average yield is about 600 lbs. to the acre, cocoanuts, and pineapples. Corn, rice, and beans are also raised, and the livestock industry is developing, a recent estimate reporting 750,000 cattle in the republic. The forest wealth includes almost every variety of hard woods, but in this industry equipment and transportation require development. Gold is extensively mined in the east- em portion of the republic. Manufacturing has not developed, there being only a few small ice factories, about a dozen saw mills, some furniture and cabinet making establish- ments, several bottling plants, and a few hat factories. Food for the eastern portion of the republic is chiefly imported from the United States. Money and Banks : Until March, 1913, the monetary unit was the silver peso with a value of $0,435, but the actual currency was inconvertible paper. Since the estabhshment of the National Bank of Nicaragua, Inc., controUed by New York bankers, the gold standard has been adopted The theoretical unit is the gold cordoba of 100 centavos, with a value equivalent to $1.00 United States currency. No gold coins have been struck, but the conversion rate for paper was estabhshed at 12.50 pesos paper for 1 gold cordoba. Other prospected gold coins are 10, 5, and 2^ cordobas. The silver coins are the cordoba, half and quarter cordoba, 10, 5 1, and 3^ centavo pieces. ' ' ' The total debt of the country aggregates $13,780,662, of which $7,110,000 is external and $6,670,662 is internal. The average income of the government is about $2,500,000. Weights and Measures: The metric system of weights and measures have been in use since 1893. Railways: There is only one railroad. The Pacific Railway of Nicaragua, with a total mileage of 171 which runs from Ck)rinto to Chinandega, Leon, Managua, Granada and Dinamba. ' Telegraphs and Telephones: There are 130 telegraph offices and 3,637 miles of telegraph lines; 805 miles of telephone line, and wireless stations are projected for Managua, Granada, San Carlos, San Juan del Norte and Castillo. Post Offices: In 1915 there were 130 post offices. Language: Spanish. Shipping routes: United Fruit Company. Panama Railroad Steamship Line. Morgan Line (Southern Pacific). Consular Representatives: United States consular officials are stationed at Bluefields and Corinto. Nicaraguan consular officials are stationed in the following cities: Los Angeles and San Pedro, Sacramento, San Francisco, Chicago, Kansas City (Kansas), New Orleans, Minne- apohs, Kansas City (Missouri), St. Louis, New York City, Cincinnati, Philadelphia, Manila (P. I.), Houston, Norfolk, St. Thomas, Seattle. Customs Tariff: The customs tariff of Nicaragua provides specific duties on gross weight per kilogram on a schedule of approximately 1,630 enumerated articles. Consular regulations: Consular invoices (six copies; cost $0.25; if two pages $0.50) must be made out in Spanish. Certification of each set of bills of lading costs $2.00. A commercial invoice in Spanish must be furnished the consignee. Consular invoices must be taken out for all shipments valued at over $50.00 even when sent by parcel-post. Packages may be marked with either stencil or brush. Separate invoices must be drawn for each mark. Cable Rates: San Juan del Sur $0.44 per word; other places $0.49 per word from New York or New England states. Postal rates : Postal Union rates. Man time: Greytown, via New Orleans, 7 days. I Parcel Post: Service extends to Nicaragua. Limit of weight 11 pounds. If the value I \^^ ^^'^^^ °^ ^^ several parcels sent by the same maU from the same person to the same addressee exceeds $50 in value, the declaration must be certified by the Nicaraguan consul . Prohibitions: Telegraph and telephone apparatus, arras and ammunition, coining instru- ments, police whistles, j Money orders : Not issued. Ilntemational reply coupons : Not issued. 48 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS PANAMA 49 PANAMA A republic in Central America, occupying the Isthmua of Panama, bounded on the north by the Caribbean Sea, on the east by Colombia, of which it was formerly a part, on the south by the Gulf of Panama, an arm of the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by Costa Rica. Its area is approximately equivalent to that of the state of Maine. The climate of Panama is tropical. There is a wet and a dry season. The wet season 18 from the middle of April to the middle of December, and the rain is frequent and heavy, though of short duration. During the wet season southeast winds prevail, and during the dry season, northeast winds. The principal products of Panama are bananas and cocoanuts. Minmg is an important industry, the principal mineral products being gold, manganese and copper. Timber cutting the growing of citrus fruits, and the pearl fisheries are likewise industries of some importance! Within the boundaries of Panama is the American possession of the Canal Zone a strip of land five miles wide on either side of the Panama Canal, with certain islands in the Bay of Panama. The total area of the Canal Zone is 5023^ square miles, and its population IS 35,049, of whom 18,840 are Americans. The total area of the zone is approximately one and sixty-five one hundredths per cent, of the total area of the Republic of Panama which is 32,380 square miles. ' The cities of Panama at the Pacific entrance to the canal and Col6n at the Atlantic entrance remain as a part of the republic, but complete jurisdiction over the cities with respect to samtary matters is possessed by the United States. Cristobal, the Atlantic entrance to the Canal, and Balboa, at the Pacific entrance, which have become the ports for Col6n and Panama, respectively, are included in the territory of the Canal Zone. United States statistics of foreign commerce do not distinguish between exports to the Canal Zone and those to the Republic of Panama. The official statistics compiled by the Republic of Panama do not include the imports of the Canal Zone in those of the Republic. Of the total imports in 1918 the United States supplied 81 per cent, and took 98 per cent, of the total exports. The per capita foreign trade of Panama amounted to $37.15; imports to $17.38; exports to $19.77. Area and Population The estunated population of the republic in 1916 was 450,000. into eight provinces as follows: The republic is divided Provinces Capitals Population of Capitals Provinces Bcoas del Toro Cocl6 Col6n Chiriqui Capitals Bocas del Toro Penonom6 Colon David 9,000 6.000 30,000 15,000 Population of Capitals Herrera . . . Los Santos. Panama. . . Veragua. . . Chitr6 Los Santos (Las Tablas) Panamd Santiago 6,000 8,000 50.000 7,000 The population is chiefly "Mestizo," or mixed Indian, Spanish and Negro blood there being about 200,000 of this class. There are about 3,500 Chinese, many West Indian Negroes, and a comparatively small number of European and American immigrants. Commerce The value of the total foreign trade of Panama in 1918 was $16,721,660. Of this total, imports amounted to $7,821,660 and exports were estimated at $8,900,000. Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Panama, including the Canal Zone, for 11 years: Year en dp5,4S(i 3,581.979 13,00{).332 $135,801,590 $1,801,636 1,521.616 1,577.972 1,099,527 351,867 7,400,425 1.108.818 394,450 496,440 868.261 4,159,059 2,302.883 10.478.932 5.3S2.098 1.216.528 295.314 1,949,875 485,192 3.344.998 227.756 379,2.58 810,904 5.109,520 371.653 11.061.667 3,986,826 12.636,236 2.289.5.53 16.175.070 800.265 5.170,20;J 3,997,262 3,313.834 5.231,975 4,886.361 10.951,949 $134,008,138 $1,384,209 1.447.779 1.021.971 766,079 209.581 5.340,326 734,498 244,529 532,481 764.173 5,119,590 2.506,789 9.715,869 6.203,707 822.476 544.923 1.601.458 316.589 3.026.151 217.996 282.156 756.818 5,532.295 227.382 8.538,012 3.295.803 11,110.964 2.510.331 17.9.54,196 770,5S0 6.000.034 4.245.005 3.241.295 4.424.075 3,767,855 12.823.419 $128,132,090 $2,008,162 2.380.552 1.644,871 902,967 377,763 8.488,552 962.404 349,661 676,817 1.056,377 6.834.837 3.264.819 12.819,237 6,377.227 1.399.093 876.648 2.573.381 275.308 6.037.296 377.355 404,445 1.113,848 7.072.899 338.235 19,.543.575 6.779.467 13.975,932 4.119.831 21.999.946 1.200,362 8,773,508 5.096.0S2 3,710,983 4.899,725 5.215.9S2 39.199,633 $201,023,070 1916-1917 $2,034,159 3.109.421 2.004,183 1.258,902 676.999 15.233.541 1,742.475 424.960 730.180 1,340.802 8.667.812 4.347.095 17.821.931 9.120.791 2.270.238 936.173 3.929,006 329,386 6,107,768 568,687 693.888 1,207.958 8,256,171 430.004 29.974,076 11.960,479 20,823,774 3,283.455 25.845.427 1,451,324 11,460.918 6,410.684 4.060.992 6.293.348 7.419.671 40.124.657 $261,377,234 CUBA Iniiwrts by countries whence shipped for five fiscal years: Countries 1912-1913 1913-1914 1914-1915 United States. . . United Kingdom . Spain France British India Uruguay Porto Rico Canada ". . Mexico China Italy Argentina Japan Netherlands Switzerland Chile Denmark Norway Germany Other countries. . $71,753,872 17,411.522 10.002.302 8,237.276 2.;}60,438 2,224,436 3,403,716 1.498,964 938,180 130,943 624,560 1,057,796 170,854 768.316 385,386 234,478 850,400 9,515,104 3,033,047 Total $135,810,590 $71,420,042 15.618.673 10,884.058 8.257.297 2,896,929 1.714.298 2.987.510 1,664.902 1,353,899 118,423 770.019 1,457,633 141,789 992..353 480.082 1,938 204.802 1,419,025 8,275,766 3,347,800 $134,008,138 $78,971,636 15.003.714 10.459,420 4,240,171 3,023,206 1,588.847 2.427,750 1,309.457 1,710,763 151.016 717,161 888.244 97.238 1,779.861 143,844 123,018 253,516 2,186.724 2.218,556 837,343 $128,132,090 Exports by classification of articles for five years: Articles 1912-1913 1913-1914 1914-1915 Animals and animal products ; I^ive animals Hides and skins .......... Other animal products .... augar and molasses : Sugar Molasses Confectionery. ... Fruits, grains and vegetabies: rruits Grains ' Marine products: Tortoise shell Sponges Mtneral products: A.splialt Jr.""' 8olk • i j • .i , sugar producer in the world, and also ^oTfine to^al rtlTli ^l^^'°* '"'' .tatiatice for sugar production since iSo. L Jns 0/2 240 XtZ^. '*""' ^""^ '""^ Year Tons 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. 308,543 635,856 850,181 998,878 1,040.228 1,163,258 1,198.749 1,427,673 961,958 1,513.582 Year 1910 1911... 1912.... 1913 1914... 1915 1916. ... 1917... 1918 1919 (estimated) TODB 1,804,349 1,480,217 1,893,687 2,429.240 2.596.567 2,582,845 3,006,624 3.019,938 3.444,605 4.010,571 The following table showa the number of sugar plantations in each of the provinces: Province Number of Plan- tations Output in bags 1918 crop Estimated total 1919 crop Pinar del Rio Havana Matanzas. . . Santa Clara. . 11 22 40 71 Province Number of Plan- tations Output in bass 19lF crop 521.051 2.446.595 4.834,325 6.395.926 784.000 2.695.000 5.098.000 7.320.000 Estimated total 1919 crop Camaguey . Oriente Total . 21 46 211 3,735.130 6.171.832 24.104,859 5.065.000 7.608.000 28.570.000 The approximate acreage under cultivation of suirar is l ^Rd «i9 ♦».« «„ acre being 4.900 pounds Of the total area plan^Ll^ane S I'i'r^rtTco^^C by the mill owners, while 44 per cent, is cultivated by independent faLe™ whnTi 71 cane to the m.lls. In 1917 the mills numbered 201,'over Sx. ^^IZTiTy^l'^^. r=e-Trrtrf:=rrgrp=/z^^^^^^^ CUBA 67 The production of alcohol from molasses, or "raiel," as the waste product of the sugar [mill is named, grew from 200,500 gallons in 1912 to 2,570,329 gallons in 1918. The exports of the miel to the United States amounted in 1912 to 55,765,635 gallons, and in 1916 to 128,506,459 gallons. Ten new distiUery plants are being constructed with a view to making use of this material, much of which has previously been an economic waste. Alcohol made from molasses, after supplying local demand, is exported in considerable quantities. The center of the tobacco region is the Province of Pinar del Rio, in which a strip of land 90 miles by 10, known as the Vuelta Abajo, produces the grade of that name, generally considered the finest grown. Other grades of excellent quahty are produced in the Provinces of Havana and Santa Clara, the poorest Cuban tobacco being produced in the Province of Oriente. The manufacture of cigars and cigarettes and the preparation of tobacco is, next to the manufacture of sugar, the principal purely manufacturing industry of the republic. Fruits, chiefly pineapples, grapefruit, oranges, lemons, bananas and cocoanuts are grown in considerable quantities, and are exported. In the Province of Oriente iron, cop- per and manganese mines are extensively worked, 1,510 mines being registered in 1913. There are rich asphalt beds as yet not extensively worked. There are large forest areas producing cedar and mahogany, the former being extensively manufactured locally into cigar boxes, and the latter exported. In 1916 the total number of cattle on the island amounted to 4,000,000, an average of 87 per square mile and 1.62 per capita. The cattle ranches are located principally in the Provinces of Camagiiey, Oriente, and Santa Clara. Cacao, coflFee and cereals are minor products, the production of cotton is being experi- mentally undertaken, agriculture is being developed, and sponges are gathered on the south coast at Batabano. Language: Spanish. Local Advertising Media: The press in Cuba is progressive and flourishing, and the newspapers and magazines rank high. There are four important morning daihes in Havana and three important evenmg daihes besides a number of less important newspapers. There are three weU edited weekly magazines of a high type, also one with a more popular appeal. There is a general monthly magazine, artistically printed, also two automobile monthhes, a sugar trade review, an engineering journal and two dental pubhcations. There are also daihes in important cities throughout the island, including five in Santiago. Money and Banking: The coinage law of 1914 estabhshed the national comage on the gold basis the unit bemg the gold peso with a value equivalent to that of the United States doUar. There are ^, 10, 5, 4 and 2 peso gold coins; 1 peso, 40, 20, and 10 cent silver coins, and 5. 2 and 1 , cent mckel coins. United States coinage is legal tender in Cuba. There is no paper money Weights and Measures: The metric system obtains. Railways: Danil^'^J^? approximately 2 415 miles of railway in Cuba, the property of four oom- S. W y^ «*J'"'y« of Havana, the Cuba Railroad, the Cuban Central Railway hi wf '.? ^rr "IH^^T- '^''^ "°^ "o^ """^^^ *h« "••i^f «i«es and porta consideration. The larger sugar estates possess their own raihx.ads which connect with the mam hnes. [Telephones: Telephone service is suppHed in 114 towns, 16,000 instruments being « t m use. I 68 ! i ^^^l2^IEEL2^?^nEl_^lJORmGN MARKETS Post Office and Telegraph: operi;'eJ'by '^:'^::2lr' """^^ ' '-'""- '"'"°- -«> 226 telegraph stations, a.. Shipping Routes: New York and Cuba Mail S. S. Co. (Ward Line) Munson Steamship Line. United Fruit Company. Cuban AH Rail Route (Key West, Fla ) Customs Tariff: cip JS t^^"^i'^:^2^Z S r ^ "-'7' '^**- -'■e Re. from 2.5 to 40 per cent, on manufactures of the Unft^Statt """'"'^ '"' P''''^'*'"'- "' from any other nation. The preferential reIc«o^appt °T '""'/" '""^ ''"P""^' mcludmg manufactures of copper iron and st^fl. .^'^^ . ^**' ''*"«'>' °f Koods, from the United States other l^rosespeS fort "f ""j' r'*."" ^~<^- ^" -P°^t^ procity Treaty and not admitted f r^of d2 ^e « r^^'^ t^^ the rate of duty imposed on such merthlnd^'bTthX: iZ''' ""'^ ^"'=*""' '""" Samples of dutiable merchandise oav f.,11 Hnf, less than $500 are declared as samples and "^^^^^^ "'"^^''''^ ^' '"'"P^^ ^^'^ ^^^^ed at the duty paid will be refunded. Certain sl^L^^^^^^ "^'^'l ^ ^^^«' ^5 per cent, of of duty. ^'^''' '^™P^^' °^ '^^ commercial value are admitted free Consular and Diplomatic Representatives: Cuba mamtains a minister in Wfl«hinfTf«« o i New Yorlc Mobile, San FrancSc" It S' Key W^f Sl ' V^^^" ^•'^''- --"'« '- Baltunore, Boston, St. Louis, Philadelphia, Galviton ChkrT^'^ ' S"""^"' New Orleans, gues. Ponce and San Juan (P. R.), vice^on^X^ w„.h- . "' N^'^" News, Maya- honorary consuls in Atlanta, Brunsw Xan^ Savannl F^ ° T^ ^^^ ^"''^ C'V. and geles, Louisville Detroit, Gulfport, P^^oi, C^ arcr' '^T'^.t' ^ ^n- Norfolk, Aguaddlaand Arecibo (P. R.) and St. ThomTv.Vrin iSS""*'' ^'"'"*°«'Ka. The Umted States maintains a mini«f»r «„,i ■ '^'a^Os. Havana, Cienfuegos, Santiago 3 NurtSvi^^^onsXtrH™' "' "''^'"'a, consuls at ^as, Nuevitas, Antilla and Santiago, and consiJT^'n , „f o* k"^' ^'™f"eKo«. Matan- Cardenas, Nueva Gerona, (Isle of'pines), cTrntn^rTand ManztX"' ''"^'' '* «""«"'' Consular Regulations: ^^lauzanmo. Five copies of consular invoices are required for R«,ror.„ j * They may be drawn in either English or SpanisCbut i irawn"^^ 'Tk"'^^^ P^"«- m Cuba withm the 48 hours allowed for customs en rv BhL nf f ^ ""^'^ ^^ translated by the consul, and for this purpose non-negoSe copies mav h "^'^^ T^ ^« ^^^^^^^^ cost $0.10 per set, and consular invoices up to SsX^ v^ ' "'^- ^^"^^^^r blanks $5.00 to $49.99 the charge is $0.50; fror$50 00 to $^0 m f ^' T '"'^^^^ ^'^- From $2.00 plus $0.10 for each'additional $lS^o™ion IS Cert ^'r'' *'.f ' "^^^ «200 costs $1.00 per set. Extra consular invoices are certified at $0 ^ ^f h '" p^^ .^'"^ ^^ ^^^^«« marked with either stencil or brush. certmed at $0.50 each. Packages may be Cable Rate : Havana, $0.15; other offices, $0.20 per word from New York or New Fn.i i ^. Postal Rates: United States domestic rate. ^^'^"^ ^^^^• Mail Time: Four days to Havana direct. Parcel Post: Service extends to Cuba. Limit of weiehf 4 nnimrla a must be taken out for all parcels sent bv l^rtlpLt ' """'^'- "" ''"'^"'" '"^"''^ Money Orders: Issued on domestic forms. International Reply Coupons: Issued. CURACAO 69 • CURACAO (Dutch West Indies) The Dutch colony of Curasao consists of six islands in the Caribbean, the area and population of which are shown in the following table: Islands Square Miles Population Cura9ao Bonaire. Aruba.. Islands Square Miles 210 95 69 34,168 6,714 9,481 St. Martin® St. Eustatius Saba 17 7 5 403 Population 3,369 1,410 2,339 57,381 Note: ©Only the southern part belongs to Holland; the northern to France. '^^ population is mixed; there are many Dutch and Germans, some English, some 01 Latm American extraction and a large proportion of Negroes. The colony is adminis- It 4 r I I ,j"^ 70 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS trated by a governor and council appointed by the queen of Holland. The island of Cura9ao proper is 41 miles from the coast of Venezuela. Rainfall is scanty, and agriculture suc- ceeds only where irrigation can be practised. The capital, and only important town, is Willemstad. The principal industries are the making of straw hats, mining of phosphate, some gold and silver, and the growing of sisal. There is an ostrich farm, and a petroleum refinery; and the building of schooners is an important industry. Orange peel which is an ingredient of the Curasao liqueur (manufactured in Holland) is shipped from the island. There are two banks; the Cura9ao Bank, a government institution, and Maduro's Bank. As a coaling port, the island does a large business. Good harbor facihties, low port dues, and a bonded warehouse system, together with its strategic geographical position on the trade routes to the West Indies and northern coast of South America make Cura9ao a trading port of unusual importance. Commerce Imports in 1916, $2,461,527 United States currency. Exports in 1916, $967,339 United States currency. Total imports [of Cura9ao with the share supphed by the United States during 1916 and 1917: Articles 1016 From all countries From the U.S. 1917 From all countries From the U.S. Automobiles Bay mm Beans and peas Beer and malt extracts. Biscuits Butter Candies and chocolates. Canned goods Cattle Cement Cheese Cigars Cigarettes Clothing, ready made . . Coal, bunker Copper sheeting Corn Corn meal Drugs and chemicals. . . . Enameled ware Farm implements Fish: Cod Other Flour, wheat and rye . . . Fruit: Fresh Preserved Furniture Glass and glassware Goats Gold and silver ware . . . . Hats, straw Lard Leather: Sole Other Liquors: Gin Rum Other $23,035 6,070 16,340 10,166 20.438 29,278 10,500 48,270 16.114 11.586 11,734 16.315 42.207 9,766 98,636 11,102 28,847 205,494 21,220 2,282 3,888 177,796 8,670 2.352 12.908 6,390 542 1,674 10,510 34,618 22.262 7,242 25.486 45,518 21,140 $23,035 "iV.SOfl 5.286 16.868 18,124 7,714 34,568 'lV.528 3,502 250 124 8,294 97.010 11.094 12.621 203,020 12,500 2,672 166,054 1,464 1,848 11,116 4,268 90 1,592 5,780 34,210 1,384 7,224 6,946 208 $10,655 1.260 11,905 8,799 17.279 23,649 9.388 40.382 18,452 18,494 9,157 6,649 37,187 6,535 233,250 19,131 91.436 131,332 16,125 6,169 1,195 1,816 4.103 239.290 9,600 1,748 13.032 4.654 2.038 4.715 10.459 30.531 21,866 9.134 4,324 30,367 6,202 $10,656 1,257 2,967 6,670 15,028 16.736 8,463 33.701 17,668 5,160 1,281 1.408 6.1.57 225.133 19,131 1.027 131,275 14,333 5,086 1,195 1.630 217,068 1.105 1,679 12,766 3.925 4"63i 6,234 29,817 1,550 8,778 58 4.180 2,036 Continued on page 71 Tabic — continued: Articles CURACAO 191C From All countries U.S. Lumber : Building Hardwood Machinery: Electrical Agricultural Industrial Mining Street car Matches Manufactures: Iron Other Meat: Dried Salt Pork heads Naval Stores Notions Oils: Crude Gasoline Kerosene Linseed Other Oleomargarine Onions Paints Perfumes Pianos and organs. . . Potatoes Pottery and porcelain Rice Roof tiles Rope Sacks, empty Shoes Soap Starch Straw for hats Sugar: Brown White Tea Tobacco: Manufactured Unmanufactured . Wine All other aticles Total $45,302 2,844 5,004 2,632 357,706 19,640 642 4,436 8,784 240,861 2,167 9,426 15,751 852 10,434 16,686 21,454 3,334 15,971 14,550 5,952 6,978 15,774 3.709 12.898 4.152 7.456 1.936 13.408 42.564 20.972 22,426 8,241 38,020 76,090 25,150 3,076 21,184 3,018 11,276 298,936 $2,461,528 S35,405 6,004 2,604 325,502 11,022 392 2,151 7.934 159,113 9,232 15.251 852 8.922 16,606 20,896 1.204 14,331 9,132 2,246 1,968 3,688 3.540 8,297 2,804 3.772 12,980 2,224 18,680 14.210 874 60 24.570 310 19.881 2.892 96 191.963 $1,721,607 71 1917 From All Countries U.S. $67,932 12,460 5.348 305.344 6,310 1,684 5.741 4.758 200,338 7.471 4,829 8,749 1.321 8,789 101,198 35,172 29,878 7,030 24,372 13.653 7,604 7,209 20,327 1,287 14,688 4,774 11,105 966 19,467 39,556 23,092 16,770 11,574 55,752 112,456 20,115 1,719 15,502 4,496 9,480 383,601 $2,744,135 $60,049 3,320 5.348 298.984 5,207 1,638 4,971 4,499 154,568 4,474 7,988 1,035 7,808 35,150 29,623 5.899 20,695 10,741 3,055 4,274 11.688 1,287 9.666 2,276 8,149 19,353 23,621 22,556 13,462 1.238 72 17,383 1,351 14,389 4,474 2,484 295,047 $1,920,199 Total foroign trade of the United States with the Dutch West Indies for seven years: Year Ended June 30 1913. 1914 IQl.!. 1916 1917. 1918. 1919. Exports Imports Domestic $1,012,815 901.268 1,103.868 1, 533.0^)3 1.962.872 1,606.844 Foreign Total Free Dutiable Total Per Cent. Free Excess of Exports (♦) or Imports (-) $7,689 5.272 6,720 30.541 8,244 15.952 $1,020,504 906.540 1.110.588 1,569,604 1,971,116 1,622,796 1,424,440 $482,519 370..560 479.741 726,007 737,055 644,704 $192,843 142,399 119,231 118,717 163,220 411,918 $675,362 71.45 512,9.59 72.24 598,972 80.09 844,784 85.95 900,275 81. SS 1,056,622 61.02 2,240,746 ♦$345,142 ♦39.3,581 ♦511.616 ♦724,820 ♦1.070,841 ♦566,174 -816,306 72 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Exports to the United States during 1916 and 1917: Aloea Balsam, copaiba Beans Chicle, gum Coffee Copper, old Divi-divi Hats: Palm Straw Hides Honey Mangrove bark Manure Salt Skins: Calf Deer Goat Sheep Sugar Seed, castor Woods: Box Brazil Fustic . . Lignum-vitae Log Vera Other Wool All other articles Total Money: The luLT^.:^^^^^^^ -^ - supplemented by a colonial coinage. into ?00 cen\r7heTe a^e tn^^^^^^ ^^l"? 'T°^^' ^ *^^ "^* «^ -»-«' ^-^ is divided Dieces Unitorl ^ilT ' "" "^ ^ ^^"^ P*^^'^«' ^"d copper 2i^, 1 and H cent pieces. United States currency is accepted at a 2 per cent, discount Weights and Measures: Metric system. Diplomatic and Consular Representatives: The United States has a consul at Willpmafo^i x> ^ .- take charge of the inte.sts of cia^ao ^ the U^^ted sC " "' *'" '"''''""""'' Languages: most^lr„TtVro:Ti„l';rr: 7 Tr.'- ^"'^^ •'"'' ^"^"^"^ ^pa^h being Tk TV- "iJ' w"Pio>ea. ii^ngljsh is understood by the business mpn r^f ♦».« • i T The ^egroe. and lower classes speak a patois known as plpiamen^. ^" "'*'"'• Shipping Routes : Royal Dutch West India Mail Line Red "D" Line. Customs Tariff: The customs tariflF of Curacao fixes thp valii«f;^« ^f * .- , ad valorem duty on the fixed value "''''^ ^'^^'^^ ^^^ ^«««es an CURACAO » 73 Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required, nor are there any restrictions as to marks, weights, etc. Cable Rates: To Cura9ao $1.38 per word from New York and New England states. Postal Rates: United States domestic letter rates. Mail Time: About 8 days. Parcel Post: Service extends to Cura9ao, Aruba, Bonaire Saba, St. Eustatius and Dutch part of St. Martin, via Curasao. Parcels cannot be registered. Prohibitions: Coin and instru- ments for manufacture thereof; ammunition and arms, except upon special permit of gov- ernment. Two copies of the "Customs Declaration" must be attached to each parcel. Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC A republic in the West Indies occupying two-thirds of the island of Santo Domingo or Haiti. The area of the Dominican Repubhc is approximately equivalent to that of Massa- chusetts and Vermont. Since 1915 the republic has virtually been a protectorate of the United States, being garrisoned by the United States Marine Corps and governed by a United States naval officer. Under these conditions the foreign commerce of the republic has increased enormously. Of the total imports of the Republic in 1918 the United States supplied 80 per cent, and took 81 per cent, of the total exports. The per capita foreign trade of the Dominican Republic amounted to $59.55; imports to $27.87; exports to $31.68. The climate is tropical, and there are, in general, two seasons, the rainy, from April to October, and the dry from October to April. The principal products of the Dominican Republic are cacao, sugar and cocoanuts. Area and Population > The area of the republic is estimated at 19,325 miles. The population by provinces is shown by the following table: Province of Population Capital Province of Population Capital Santo Domingo, iSeybo Asua * . Santiago Espaillat ...... La Ve,730,ir>2 $10,588,787 15.209.061 21,527,873 22.444,.580 22,372,344 $17,317,794 24.327,575 33,192.303 39,844.644 42,108,496 Total foreign trade during 1917 and 1918, showing distribution by countries: Countries 1918 1917 Countries 1918 1917 United States. . . Porto Rico Cuba United Kingdom. France Italy Spain Canada Netherlands Denmark , Belgium , Switzerland Sweden , Gibraltar Japan $35,207,332 3,010,543 253.847 942,132 780,964 39,869 842,195 595,724 2,059 24,126 4,617 3,171 18.000 2,257 $32,267,1.38 2,531,825 88,536 809,535 484.270 105.013 401.797 2,502,309 173,971 86,200 108 19,121 6,593 15,000 112 French Africa Ecuador Mexico Argentina Venezuela French West Indies. . . . Virgin Inlands Haiti Other British West Indies Dutch West Indies. . . . Jamaica Canary Islands Total . $10,000 1,121 9.500 2,579 2,370 23,259 28,272 169.669 12.435 83.524 32,928 $42,108,496 $2,370 47.936 28.692 163,085 6,325 31,285 2,177 11,120 $39,844,644 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 75 Principal imports during 1917 and 1918: Articles 1917 Value 1918 Value Agricultural machinery, tools, and implements Automobiles Other cars, carriages, other vehicles, and parts of Cement Chemicals and pharmaceutical products, simple drugs, oils, fats, waxes, and their derivatives Coal, coke, briquettes, and other fuels Cotton Fibers, vegetable and manufactures Foodstuffs, meats, fish, grains, fruits, vegetables, and preparation of (except rice and wheat flour) Rice Wheat Flour Liquors and beverages Hides and skins and manufactures Iron and steel and manufactures Machinery and apparatus Oils, mineral Paints and pigments Woods and manufactures of All other articles Total $124,620 121,984 234,182 189,989 477,056 175.244 3,943,199 478,349 1,261,550 1.317,112 833,149 404,875 714,398 1,841,624 1,304,699 518,498 140,852 400,146 1,828.538 $17,400,064 $238,045 199,265 427,832 227.065 352,468 182,297 3,643,806 1,088,426 1,375,458 2,543.320 612,786 345,416 782,562 1,501,531 1.888,292 619,274 140,244 475,710 3,425,195 $20,168,952 Value of imports showing principal countries of origin in 1917 and 1918: Countries 1917 1918 Countries 1917 1918 United States. . . Porto Rico Cuba United Kingdom France Italy Spain Netherlands .... Denmark Belgium Switzerland Virgin Islands.. . Haiti $14,320,351 1,817,836 50,173 60.3,111 190,580 95,329 193,870 9,571 72,016 168 19,121 3,629 960 $17,037,041 1,790,409 121,773 529,351 99.084 34,716 48,795 2,059 24,126 4,617 5,472 4,041 Other British West Indies Ecuador Dutch West Indies. . . . Mexico Jamaica Sweden Venezuela Canada French West Indies Japan China Total. $1,867 " 8,i4i 564 6.593 13 6,059 112 $17,400,064 $7,734 1.121 8.886 9,500 1,697 3,171 2.370 164 20 2 3 $19,736,152 Principal articles of export during 1917 and 1918: Articles 1917 1918 Countries 1917 1918 Animals, cattle Beeswax $37,870 180,183 4,845,275 228,371 32,164 189,942 292,068 236,408 $59,180 103,137 3,917,012 536,573 51,410 85.587 83,509 584,779 Molasses $157,563 13,386,463 349,216 1,658,521 104,660 745,876 $22,444,580 $142,356 Cacao, crude Coffee Sugar, raw Sugar cane 11,991,399 513,402 Cotton, raw. .......... Tobacco leaf Woods 3.623,780 35,458 vjuaioKins Hides of cattle . All other articles 588,932 Honey $22,372,344 76 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 77 Value of exports and principal countries of destination during 1917 and 1918: Countries 1917 1918 Countries 1917 1918 United States Porto Rico Cuba United Kingdom France Italy Spain Canada Virgin Islands Haiti Other British West Indies Dutch West Indies $17,946,787 713.898 38,363 206.424 293.690 9,684 207,927 2.562.356 25,063 162,125 4,458 23.144 $18,170,291 1,226,134 132,074 412.781 681,880 5,153 793,400 595.560 22,800 165,628 4,701 74,638 Gibraltar French Africa Jamaica French West Indies. Argentina Japan Netherlands Denmark Canary Islands Total . $15,000 2,370 1,613 41.877 164,400 14,190 11.120 $22,444,580 $18,000 10.000 31.231 23.239 2.579 2.255 $22,372,344 Production and Industry Agriculture is the principal industry. Tobacco is cultivated in the northern part of the republic, and the entire crop was formerly bought by Germany. Cacao is grown in the eastern section, and with sugar, forms the principal export. Cotton and coflfee are extensively cultivated; cocoanuts, bananas, and various hardwoods are exported. The following table shows the value and geographical distribution of the principal crops in 1915 and 1916: Cacao Coffee Sugar Tobacco leaf Ports 1915 1916 1915 1916 1915 1916 1915 1916 Axua $37,479 9,178 $21,576 12,924 $284,051 $545,279 Barahona $1,108 2.575 2,356 Comedador $20,704 14,380 Dajabon 279 La Romana $260,889 $112,654 163 11 1.022 7,233 145,357 Las Lajas Macoria Monte Cristi 234.016 1,756 924,113 208.876 2.964,642 269,462 279,000 3,302 99,378 6,071,120 95 9,616,024 660 15,490 649,900 122 86,955 853,704 Puerto Plata 916.950 187,735 4,249,970 212,360 3,421 Samana Sanchex 47.146 210,842 13,564 166,083 271,652 110 478,077 8,526 Santo Domingo. . . 1.315,838 1,863,673 Totals $4,863,754 $5,958,669 $458,431 $316,827 $7,671,383 $12,028,297 $972,896 $1,433,423 The repubUc has mineral resources of some importance, comprising copper, silver, iron, lignite, salt and petroleum; of these copper only is worked at one mine. Manufacturing is of little importance. Money, Banks, Weights and Measures: The gold standard has become the theoretical basis of the monetary system, the theo- retical unit being the gold peso, equivalent in value to the United States dollar. No gold coins have been struck, and the metalUc currency of the United States is legal tender at par. The paper peso is worth approximately $0.20 United States currency. The foreign debt in 1918 amounted to $13,686,000. Revenues in 1918, $3,163,000; expenditures, $2,953,000. The principal banks are The International Banking Corporation, which has branches at Santo Domingo and Puerto Plata, and which is the depositary of the receiver of customs; the Royal Bank of Canada, with branches at Santo Domingo, San Pedro Macoris, Santi- ago, Sanchez and Puerto Plata, and the National Bank of Santo Domingo. The metric system is legally in force, but the American system is usual also. Railways: There are 153 miles of public railway and some 250 miles of private railroad on the large estates. Post ofSces, Telephones and Telegraph: There are 87 post offices, 60 telephone and telegraph offices, 1,175 miles of telephone wire, and 690 telephones in the larger cities; 352 miles of telegraph Une. Submarine cables connect Puerto Plata with New York and Porto Rico, and Santo Domingo with Porto Rico and Curasao. There are two small wireless stations at Santo Domingo and La Romana with a radio to Porto Rico, and a smaller one at San Pedro de Macoris. The military government has erected its own stations. Diplomatic and Consular Representatives: The Dominican Republic has a minister in Washington, consuls general in New York and San Juan (P. R.), Consuls in Boston, Philadelphia, Mayaguez and Ponce (P. R.), vice consuls in Mobile, Chicago, Baltimore, Kansas City, Wihnington, Norfolk, AquadiUa, Guamca and Ponce (P. R.), honorary consul in San Francisco and honorary vice consuls in Galveston, Arecibo, Guanica and San Juan (P. R.). The Um'ted States has a minister in Santo Domingo, consul at Puerto Plata, vice con- suls at Santo Domingo and Puerto Plata and consular agents at Monte Cristi, Samand, banchez, Azua, La Romana, and San Pedro de Macoris. Language: Spanish. Shipping Routes: Clyde Line. Bull Insular Line. Customs Tariff: The customs tariflF of the Dominican RepubUc imposes specific duties, usually on the oasis of weight, although some articles are subject to ad valorem duties. There are surtaxes ranging from 50 to 150 per cent, on certain classes of goods. Advertising matter without commercial value is admitted free. Consular Regulations: Consular invoice in Spanish and in quadruphcate is required. Four copies of bill of o!?f!ffI?"^. be certified. Consular invoices are $0.15 per set; charge for certification are collected at port of entry. Shipments cannot be consigned "to order." Cable Rate: Thirty cents a word from New York and New England States. : r'ostal Rate : lUnin^l^"^' ^°il^ ^*^*^ ^^**®^ '**® ^^ ^^-^ P«f ^^^^'e or fraction thereof. Postal [ union rates on other matter. ^Mail Tune: Seven days to Santo Domingo City. Lrf .^""'V ^"^"^ ^''^''^ *"* Dominican Republic. Prohibitions: Coin, precious metals, jewels, etc., daggere, firearms. [International Reply Coupons: Not issued. loney Orders: Not issued. f i i 78 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS GUADELOUPE AND DEPENDENCIES Two islands of the French West Indies separated by a narrow channel (River Sales, 4 miles long), and lying between the islands of Montsorrat and Dominica, and 79 miles north of Martinique, which with 5 smaller islands, constitute a French dependency. The two islands of Guadeloupe are Grande Terre, the northwestern portion, (area 255 square miles) Basse Terre, the southwestern portion (area 364 square miles). Its dependencies are the smaller islands of Marie Galante, Les Saintes, D^sirade, St. Barthdlemy, and the northern half of St. Martin, the southern half being under Dutch control, with a total area of 688 square miles. Population (1912) 212,430, of whom approximately 75 per cent, are Negroes. Chief cities: Basse Terre, (capital), with 8,656 inhabitants, and Pointe-^-Pitre with 22,664 inhabitants, in Grande Terre. The language of the educated classes is French; the laborers speak a patois. Commerce The United States statistics of foreign commerce classify trade with Guadeloupe under the general heading of trade with the French West Indies. Trade of the United States with the French West Indies for a series of years ending June: Imports Exports 1917 1918 1919 1917 1918 1919 $104,953 $122,960 $61,128 $5,520,335 $6,381,127 $7,614,692 The total trade of Guadeloupe in 1917 amounted to $17,000,000. Imports during 1916 and 1917: Countries 1916 1917 Countries 1916 1917 FYftnce $1,717,682 44,069 67.083 $1,964,045 157,498 8.405 British colonies $265,075 2.426.055 296.392 $643,453 French colonies United States All other 4,343.822 Enirland 508.439 Total $4,816,356 $7,625,662 Quantity and value of the principal exports during 1916 and 1917: Articles Quantity Value Quantity Value 1916 1916 1917 1917 Cocoa . . . .pounds.. 1,583,258 $447,843 2.3.36.700 $499,554 Coffee . . . .pounds. . 1.921,416 534,273 1.110.625 271,713 Sugar and molasses: Molasses Kftls 183.382 43.825 160.098 35,090 Rum gals 3,278.442 2.321.883 3.342.690 4,875, 135 Sugar . . . . tons .... 37.592 4.499.873 34.028 3,650,927 Vanilla and vanillin . . . .pounds. . 69,401 6«,382 41.985 67,824 All nt.Vi^r ftrtinles 229.600 $8,145,679 64,307 Total $9,454,560 Total imports and exports for five years, 1912 to 1916: Imports 1912 1913 1914 $3,768,000 3.893,000 2,713.000 Exports Imports Exports $5,034,000 3.529.000 4,667,000 1915. 1916. $3,784,000 4,649,000 $5,155,000 8,214,000 GUADELOUPE 79 The last detailed report of the imports and exports of the colony is for the pre-war year 1913: Articles Imports Exports Articles Imports Exports Animal products: Live animals Animal products Raw material for medi- cines, perfumes, etc Miscellaneous Total animal products . . Vegetable products: Flour Fniits and grains Colonial products Oils and vegetables Medicines Wood Cordage, yam, etc Dyea and tannin Miscellaneous Beverages Total vegetable products $9,785 258.416 221.358 1.048 $490,607 746,583 21.234 476,775 179,537 1.107 106,115 7,879 25 26,520 213,333 $ 321 25,429 7,625 1.925 $1,779,108 $35,300 33,650 34,196 2.461,250 13.387 2,053 3,412 6,619 4,712 2,105 806.187 $3,367,571 Mineral products: Marble, stones, earthen ware, etc Metals Manufactured articles: Chemical products Prepared dyes Paints Miscellaneous Pottery Glassware Thread (yarn) Cloth Paper Hides and skins Metal goods Arms, powder, etc Furniture Woodenware Musical instruments Esparto and wickerware. . . Miscellaneous Total mineral and mfg'd products Grand Total $115,250 135,896 142.714 987 12,344 81,680 27.710 20,892 37,271 342,524 23.299 38.551 221,792 2.885 16.657 136.115 7.752 17,941 241,763 $1,372,877 $3,893,738 $ 44 22.929 4.209 183 1.558 7,860 1.216 238 635 26.425 1.128 1,078 26,038 1.593 5,436 2.385 1,389 22.248 $ 103.616 $3,529,463 Banks and Money: There are two banks in Guadeloupe; the Banque du Commerce and the Banque de la Guadeloupe, the latter being a semi-official institution. Currency is as in France. Weights and Measures: The metric system prevails. HAITI A Negro repubhc occupying the western part, and about one-third of the area of the island of Santo Domingo or Haiti. The area of the repubhc is approximately equivalent to that of the combined areas of New Jersey and Delaware. In 1915 the government of Haiti ratified a treaty with the United States which vir- tually established an American protectorate in Haiti. It has since had a garrison of United States marines. Since this protectorate was estabhshed, the trade and commerce of the republic have greatly increased. The chmate is tropical, and there are two seasons, the rainy from April to October, j and the dry from October to April. The principal products of Haiti are coffee and cacao. Of the total imports of Haiti in 1918 the United States supplied*85 per cent, and took i!f^^^"*• ^^ *^® ^^^^ exports. The per capita foreign trade of Haiti was estimated at •w; imports at $4.20, exports at $4.40. I : 80 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Commerce The total foreign commerce for the year 1917 amounted to about $24,000,000; exports amounted to about $13,000,000; imports to $11,000,000. No official statistics of foreign trade have been published since 1913. The following statistics are, however, approximately correct; 1918, imports, $10,500,100; exports, $11,000,000; total, $21,500,000. No figures are available for total imports by countries and articles. FoUowing are some of the pnncipal exports from the United States: Articles 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 Building material : Cement bbls. . Lumber ft Drugs, etc.: Bicarbonate of soda lbs.. Potash *• Soap •• Drygoods: Cotton cloth: Bleached yds . Unbleached " Denim " Drills " Ginghams " Nankinette " Zephyrs " Glass Tumblers .... do» . Hardware, metals, etc.: Cooking utensiN. .lbs. . Iron: Bars " Pipes •• Sheets " Nails, cast " Copper " Wire, bottling " Provisions: Bacon " Biscuits " Butter Candy " Cheese. . " Codfish Flour bbls. Hams lbs.. Herring, smoked, bxs. , Herring, pickled .bbls. Lard lbs.. Macaroni " Rice •* Onions " Pork, salted bbls.. Potatoes " Salt, table lbs. Sugar " Beef, salted bbls. . Mackerel, salted.. *' Wheat " Tobacco leaf lbs. . . Bags, paper no . . . Rope — manila.. . .lbs. . . Oakum " Kerosene gals. . Paints, in tins lbs. . . Paints gals.. Ochre, yellow. . . .lbs. , . Sail cloth yds. . 21.954 4,767,016 9,154 3,396 8.069,723 549,540 2.873,249 1,027,333 875,050 97,115 2,270.697 125,844 14.284 417,678 293.029 417,468 85,516 360,000 3,476 47,497 591,952 46,968 42,392 2.988,263 190,002 150,855 186,255 23,615 4.402.779 59.211 ® 79,401 9,128 1.408 ® 8,648.147 2,499 1,752 661,756 1,089,788 54,906 52,558 29,117 928,093 71,284 5,393 45,465 ® 15,650 3,527,049 5,968 4,088 6,145,520 544,160 287,300 1.445,571 730,978 13,500 4.2.56,300 40.276 7.449 3.207 273,565 ® ® 246.085 76,400 ® 1.264 39.297 414,733 20,909 19,490 1.447.253 137.538 626,235 156,264 1,006 1,183,606 58,070 ® 37,106 6,802 902 4.895 790.794 1.228 857 124.300 890,512 1.070.900 32.300 31.456 87.565 32.630 41.314 ® 32.330 ©10.455 1.257,585 19.527 1,330 5,383,135 840,380 12.700 1.800.750 900,376 190,700 6,000,210 46.000 3.145 2.294 542.895 33,461 19,437 235.746 159.288 444.000 1,303 43.656 441.213 35.698 39.234 395.277 ®146,402 56,731 58,031 12,166 3,188.086 69.289 1,773.252 40,602 2,917 1.096 5,338 978,625 761 419 ® 506.257 638.000 42.897 25,332 330.379 38.792 4.458 18,150 31,683 ®39.526 2,454,622 87,914 ® 6.879.136 2.108.574 9.357.321 2.516,721 2.094.726 1.879,046 6.707,967 ® 9.343 2.382 864.304 115.111 ® 381.846 245,500 160.000 2.365 71.559 477,814 56.864 67.560 1.400,218 ®205,986 108.334 121.122 24.151 4,101.308 91.807 2.521.771 42.989 6.144 1.514 5.210 908.736 1.390 604 ® 43,685 2,509,000 ® ® 701,161 122,962 1,300 51,219 82,789 36.922 3,061.352 0,529,998 266,758 4.570.891 920,169 ® 1.390. 126 ®658,436 2,076,086 33.935 10.700 ® 211.066 186.082 ® 317.166 116.000 ®2.284 21.650 375.702 43.154 1.144.748 1.736.133 ® 74.873 82.393 17,004 2,236,237 79,071 915,780 ® 2,410 ® 6.606 269.988 1,108.109 ® 18.931 32.758 797.014 344,524 48.072 ® Note: ® Bags. ® Pieces. ® Barrels. ® Bags of 196 lbs. each. ® Not reported. HAITI 81 The value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Haiti for 11 years: 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 iyi5 1916 1917 1918 1919 $3,857,042 4.381.513 5,226.640 7.042.772 6.426,873 5,431,712 3.080.735 6,288,016 7,216,734 8,196.863 $80,317 116.936 132,121 229.227 213.282 108.993 103.883 2.54.963 153.062 163,059 $3,937,359 4.498,449 5.358.7G1 7,271.999 6,640.265 5,540,705 3,184.618 6.542,979 7.370,390 8.359.922 12.152.876 $522,416 786.568 785.246 794,181 872.139 686.511 1,538.183 2,555.390 4.002.825 4,375,201 $3,531 4,011 28.467 5.997 2.592 5,296 4,053 4,950 231,706 440,343 $525,947 790,579 813,713 800,178 874.731 691.807 1,542,830 2,560.340 4.234.531 4,815.544 9,496,937 99.33 99.49 96.50 99.25 99.70 99.23 99.70 99.60 94.53 90.86 Excess of exports (+) or imports (-) ^$3,411,412 3,707.870 • 4.545,041 ■ 6.471.828 5.765.534 4.848.898 1,641.782 3,982.639 3,135,865 3,544.378 2,655.949 JP^Porta by countries for 5 years: United States... United Kingdom France Germany. ...'.'.' Other countries $5,908,956 595,319 817,335 635,543 242,972 $6,381,688 409,811 345,190 338,004 138,099 $7,612,792 $3,806,673 296.228 167.779 20.509 63,574 $4,344,763 $8,775,064 719,959 407.336 349.64i $10,312,000 $8,500,000 700,000 500.000 1,300.666 $11,000,000 Estimated exports by principal countries: United States... r ranee. United ki^dom Germany $1,000,000 6.000,000 800.000 4.200,000 $1,171,649 3.500.000 1,000,000 3.000.000 $1,494,927 5,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 $3,744,510 4,000.000 1,100,000 $3,542,167 4,2000,00 1.000,000 ^OTis of the four products of Haiti for 10 years: Years Coffee Cacao 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913" 1914 ' 191.5 ■ 1916 ■ 1917" Cotton Campeachy logs and roots Pounds 60,649,613 39.1.36.535 77.417.662 51.795.619 79.276,555 57,593,830 81,484,525 36,260,085 45,062.354 47,423,101 Pounds 5,918,968 4,433.282 4,152,660 3,2as,350 6,905,338 3,919.120 6.629,844 4,200.406 3,395,554 4,896.076 Pounds 3,002.440 3,527,359 3.778,118 4,198,227 4,338,837 4,287.722 3.492,458 2,492,982 2,890,870 8.381,786 . Pounds 109,237,870 88.408.031 96,61.639 75.197.092 94.870,193 97.198,150 72,080.450 49.832.611 231.258.891 56,759,328 i\ ! 1 82 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Production and Industry The industries of Haiti are chiefly agricultural. The principal crops are coffee, cacao, the annual output of which is estimated at approximately 6,000,000 pounds; cotton, to- bacco and sugar. There are several sugar refineries, and rum and other spirits are distilled for local consumption. Dyewoods, chiefly campech^ and fustic, are abundant and exported. Mineral resources comprising gold, silver, copper, iron, antimony, tin, coal, sulphur, kaohn, nickel, gypsum and limestone, are as yet undeveloped. Manufactiu-ing is Umited, shoes being the principal article produced. Money and Banks: The gold standard is theoretically established, having as its unit the gourde, with a value of $0,965. No gold coin has ever been issued; the paper currency is not convertible, and the average value of the paper gourde is about $0.20. There is a subsidiary coinage of nickle 50, 20, 10 and 5 centime pieces, and bronze 3, 2 and 1 centime pieces. Customs duties, which constitute the principal source of national revenue, are now payable in United States gold. The Banque National de la Republique de Haiti, established in 1910 and since 1916 controlled by the National City Bank of New York, is the only bank in the republic . Weights and Measures : The metric system of weights and measures prevails. Railways, Telegraphs and Post Offices: There are 163 miles of railway in operation, 55 being controlled by the Central R. R. of Haiti; 108 by the National R. R. of Haiti, which is constructing a system having a projected total mileage of 321. There are 30 post offices and about 124 miles of telegraph line. Language: French. Shipping Routes: Royal Dutch West India Mail. Raporel Line. Panama Railroad Steamship Line. Customs Tariff: There are some 1,500 articles enumerated in the Haitian tariff, most of which are sub- ject to specific duties, on the basis of weight; certain articles pay ad valorem duties. There is a small free list. Cordage and beer of American origin pay reduced duties. There are, in addition, surtaxes on importation, of 50, 33 3^^ and 25 per cent. Consular Regulations: Six consular invoices in either English or French, are required. Blanks, per set of 6 cost $0.06. Certification costs $1.00. There is no charge for certification of bills of lading, five signed copies of which must be certified. Packages may be marked with either stencil or brush, and net weight in pounds as well as name or initials of consignee must be marked on the package. Consular Representatives: United States consular officials are stationed at Cape Haitien and Port au Prince. Consular officials of Haiti are stationed at San Francisco, Chicago, New Orleans, Boston, New York City, Chester (Pa.), Mayaguez (P. R.), Ponce, San Juan and St. Thomaa. HAITI 83 Cable Rate: Cape Haiti, Port-au-Prince, Mole St. Nicholas, from New York or New England, $0.80 per word. To other places $1.30 per word from New York and New England. Postal Rates: Post-al Union rates. Mail Time: To Port-au-Prince direct, about 6 days. Parcel Post: Service extends to Haiti, limit of weight 11 pounds. Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. JAMAICA The largest island of the British West Indies, lying about 80 miles south of Cuba. Its area is approximately equivalent to that of the state of Connecticut. The coast lands are warm and humid, but the climate of the uplands is mild and equable. There are two rainy seasons, lasting about three weeks each, in May and October. The principal industries of Jamaica are agriculture and fruit growing, the chief products being bananas, sugar, cacao, coffee and oranges. Area and Population Jamaica has a length of 144 miles; its greatest width is 49 miles, and its total area is 4,193 square miles, or 2,683,250 acres. Of this amount only 645 square miles, or 413,440 acres are flat land, the rest being hills and mountains, and in large part uncultivatable. In 1911 the island had a total population of 831,383 (397,439 males and 433,944 females) of whom 15,605 were white, 163,201 were half breeds, 630,181 were negroes, 17,380 were West Indians, 2,111 were Chinese and 3,623 were unclassified. Kingston, the capital, is also the largest city, having a population of 57,379. Other towns are Half Way Tree (pop. 23,322); Spanish Town (7,119); Montego Bay (6,616); Port Antonio (7,074) ; Savanna- la-Mar (3,400); Morant Bay (1,984); Port Maria (3,833); St. Anna Bay (2,592); Falmouth (2,288); Lucea (1,447); Black River (1,262); Mandeville (1,198). Commerce Total foreign trade of the United States with Jamaica for nine years: Year Ended Exports Imports Excess of Exports (♦) or Imports (-) June 30 Dr>mestic Foreign Total Free Dutiable Total Per Cent. Free 1911... 1912... 1913 .. 1914 . . 1915... 1916. . . 1917. . 1918... 1919... $4,340,827 4,928,946 5,242,742 5,212,760 4,489,746 6,.356,158 7.966,886 7,628,361 $38,758 44,349 44,477 41,364 74,957 128,049 107,888 205,735 $4,379,-585 4,973,295 5,287,219 5,254,124 4,564,703 6,484,207 8,074,774 7.834,096 7,579,635 $6,006,682 6,101,259 5,151,358 6,424,042 5,237.547 4,279,680 3,528,972 2,639,600 $236,018 224,047 140,030 277,871 324,038 487,345 710,968 643,376 $6,242,700 6,325,306 5,291,388 6,701,913 5,561,585 4.767.025 4,239,940 3,282,982 3,377,210 96.23 96.46 97.35 95.86 94.17 89.78 83.24 80.40 $-1,863,115 -1,352,011 -4,169 -1,447.789 -996,882 ♦1.717,182 ♦3,834,834 ♦4,551,114 ♦4,202,425 } >5 ; ] 84 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Value of imports from the United States, United Kingdom, and British possessions, for the five-year period 1912-1010: Article 1912 1913 1914 1916 1916 Food stuffs: United Kingdom British Possessions United States Other countries Total Foodstuffs. . . . Liquors: United Kingdom British Possessions United States Other countries Total Liquors Tobacco and Cigars: United Kingdom British Possessions United States Other coimtries Total Tobacco Household Furniture: United Kingdom British Possessions United States Other countries Total Funuture Clothing: United Kingdom British Possessions United States Other countries Total Clothing Hardware and Ironmon- United Kingdom British Possessions United States Other countries Total Hardware Building Materials: United Eangdom British Possessions United States , Other countries , Total Building Ma- terials , Estates' Machinery and Supplies: United Kingdom British Possessions United States Other countries , Total Estates'Machin cry and Supplies. Other Machinery andTools United Kingdom British Possessions United States Other countries Total Machinery and Tools Coal and Coke : United Kingdom British Possessions United States Other countries Total Coal and Coke . . Books and Printed Matter United Kingdom British Possessions. . . . United States Other countries Total Books Miscellaneous: United Kingdom British Possessions. . . . United States Other countries Total Miscellaneous $703,713 1,392,054 2.669,301 58,320 4,823,388 343,597 1.098 58,543 77.298 480,536 36,104 111 19,308 14,283 69,806 16,980 3,538 32,921 3,406 66.845 2.145,194 1,219 885,292 34.540 3,066,245 407,102 2,289 287,303 30.875 727,569 293,184 30,909 597,187 6.313 927,593 287.318 14 37,130 4.116 328,578 27,118 ' 43,636 2,405 72,553 2,298 ■2J88,i73 296',47i 62,057 2.493 12.208 792 77.650 2.155,395 179.270 1.258,239 310.923 $3,903,827 $794,274 1.247.216 2,751.532 89.462 4,882,484 290,521 1,414 46,709 66,985 405.629 41,723 636 24,081 8,621 76,061 13,714 1,769 33,893 1.788 61.164 1,472,103 6,347 788,141 34,656 2,301.247 392.381 1.628 190.302 27,162 611,473 365,987 50,336 606,440 6.522 929.284 171.810 31,356 32,498 235,664 25,898 520 66,911 1,633 93,962 1,691 ' 223,659 24 224,774 47,890 2,342 10,716 121 61,069 1,775,882 184,208 1,670.848 297,114 $3,918,062 $662,884 1,024,833 2,141,019 84,452 3,913,188 279,124 1,244 59,102 44,770 384,240 50,121 326 14,196 8,752 73.394 9,764 1,360 36,069 748 46,931 1,297.348 3.849 904,761 56,162 2,262.120 342.474 3,698 196,071 15,061 667,304 209,801 16,543 420.025 2.561 648.930 164.062 " '43,778 7,353 205,193 67,474 ' 78,ii6 2,206 137,790 1,190 486,763 4iB7,953 45,806 3,761 8,653 340 58,469 1,602,706 219,885 1,547,321 244.103 $3,614,016 2,245 495 18,927 447 21,484 1,131,310 4,626 1,355,162 7.907 2,499,005 243.352 1,117 254,717 801 499,987 91,562 2,677 276,966 1,258 372,463 135,530 " 5l',239 68 186,837 10,677 1,370 86,660 14 97,621 462 '298,365 '29i8',8i7 34,583 1,487 5,691 77 41,738 1,071,630 89,122 1,638,850 148,405 $2,948,007 $777,838 1,077.826 2,009,087 91.013 3,955,764 $929,197 1,173,077 3,110.006 113.233 6,325,513 210,467 835 81,730 13.034 306.066 291,580 8,733 99,790 21.388 421,491 44,279 38 27,352 1,982 73,652 38,685 146 44,998 58 83,886 4,967 442 19,814 111 26,324 1,381,396 2.318 1.524,353 5,684 2.913,651 166,586 14,896 341,458 1,375 524.314 39,166 12.830 628.680 6.603 686.270 134,087 1,224 93,807 1,759 230,877 18,740 908 132,430 801 152.879 1,015 * 453.277 48 454.340 39,769 1.492 6,736 48 48.045 1,871,663 130,631 2.310,293 64,472 $4,377,059 JAMAICA 85 The gain of the United States in Jamaica's trade is shown in the following table of imports from the United States and the United Kingdom during 1916 and 1917: Articles From United States 1916 1917 From United Kingdom 1916 1917 J'rom All Countries 1916 Books and printed matter . . Building material Clothing and boots Coal and coke Cotton manufactures ...... Agricultural machinery Foodstuffs Hardware and ironmongery Household furniture Liquors Machinery and tools Oils Tobacco and cigars All other articles Total $6,745 529,388 1,526,392 453,884 937,390 93,933 3,114,166 341,915 19,840 99,924 132,607 395,340 45,059 980,668 $8,677,251 $7,979 502,539 1,913.712 852.041 1,346,760 128,959 4,202,549 414,149 18,556 127,745 121,526 580,865 109,647 1,008,879 $11,335,904 $39,822 39.212 1,383,244 1,017 1,000,976 134,267 930,441 166,809 4,964 277,137 18,765 27,773 38,737 845,695 $4,908,849 $28,951 48,636 1,009,181 1.012 762.955 122.319 332.718 93.918 1.129 136.919 36,785 18,021 15,646 655,457 $3,163,648 $48,125 587,075 2,915,033 454,949 1,939,227 231,193 5.332.647 525.017 25.363 407.467 153,095 426,846 84,010 1,990,187 $15,120,234 1917 $37,871 370,091 2,930,295 853,054 2,112,037 260,781 5.857.908 527,631 20,921 295,728 160,142 643,517 125.380 1.980,607 $16,175,963 The foreign trade of Jamaica was distributed as follows in the years 1916 and 1917: Countries Imports From 1916 1917 Exports To 1916 1917 United Kingdom Canada Other British colonies United States Denmark France Italy Netherlands Norway Panama St. Thomas, ^^^gin Islands. Sl^etien All other countries Total. $4,908,849 1.132,479 186,844 8,677,251 26.567 18,707 2,336 40,568 67,065 4,137 24,284 14,132 17,015 $15,120,234 $3,163,648 1,086,977 487,997 11,335.904 4,828 7,434 13,640 25.630 1,337 2,833 15.765 14,532 16,438 $16,175,963 $5,964,971 1,883,170 247,042 4,480,610 * '694,259 130,197 V9,753 188,036 121,496 $13,729,534 $6,412,113 1,825,142 348,967 3,381,060 " 627,214 124.096 458 178,065 1.357 "I'ee'.ios $12,064,674 Imports and exports under the Board of Trade headings for the period 1913-1917: Articles Food, drink, and tobacco Raw materials and articles 'mainly ' un- manufactured Articles wholly or mai^'y ma'nuf aotiired .' .' '. Total. Food, drink, and tobacco. . . frctHre?*^^ and articles mainly iin'mknu- Articles wholly 'or mainly manufactured: '. Total Imports 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 $5,958,489 692,861 7,244,592 $13,795,942 $4,967,008 1,369,740 6,084,492 $12,421,240 $4,859,004 686,582 6,781,835 $11,327,421 $6,047,132 1.546,768 7,258,305 $14,852,205 $6,925,944 2.035,267 7,082.071 $16,043,282 Exports 8,985,980 898.090 1.053.981 $10,938,051 11,790,303 935,282 1.044,380 $13,769,965 8,373,082 1,204.882 1,255.834 $10,833,798 8.901.843 2,540.237 2,194.309 $13,636,389 8.406.051 1,463,215 2.157.582 $12,026,848 € 1 1 i i 11 86 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS JAMAICA 87 Proportionate distribution of imports and exi)orts from 1914 to 1916: Imports EXPOKTS Country 1914 1915 1916 1914 1915 « 1916 United Kinsdom 38.4% 47.6% 8.2% 5.8% 33.2% 54.6% 9.0% 3.8% 32.4% 57.4% 7.5% 2.7% 18.2% 60.9% 7.2% 13.7% 38.1% 46.8% 7.5% 7.6% 43.4% United States 32.7% C!AnA.dai 13.77o Other countries 10.2% Principal exports in 1916 and 1917: To United States To Unitee > Kingdom To All Countries Articles 1916 1917 1916 1917 1916 1917 O&cfto • $262,080 ' '6'7'7',972 307,845 1,223.541 1,051,397 750,925 60,757 13,427 8,122 3,142 131,402 $4,480,610 $137,371 ' ■5'6'7'.264 218,068 442,597 92U,302 832,371 ■ i^'i'ess 10,984 77,859 905 42,656 $3,381,000 $472,629 ' "I'l's.ssi 129,337 370,438 11H,523 1,832.690 ■ ■l'4'7'.747 1,641,339 1,067.326 31.588 39.473 $5,964,971 $304,013 '97.943 96,955 151,270 240.249 1.914,685 ' 'l"8'6',567 176,692 2,128,807 47,453 67,474 $5,412,113 $314,340 31,769 873,001 706,177 1.983,614 1,227,243 3,161,308 24,970 213.187 1,762,106 2,447,217 252,255 232,347 $13,729,534 $573,531 Cattle 39,102 dncoftniitfl 721,965 Coffe© 569,264 T^vpivooofl 774.615 Fruit 1,211,899 CinorAr ptc 3,565,310 Horses 1,061 Pimento 348,611 Rum 271,234 Sugar 3,426,259 TnKpoft And nicrars 319,889 All other articles 241.834 Total $12,064,574 Agricultural exports of Jamaica for the years 1915 to 1917: Products Year ended May 31 — 1915 1916 1917 Coffee hundredweight Cacao ' . Cocoanuts number Bananas stems Oranges number Grapefruit package-s Cotton pounds Honey •••••• •gallons Ginger hundredweight Pimento " ,, Rum gallons Dyewoods .ton.«i Dyewood extract packages Sugar ^ouB 72,415 65,548 30,129,432 12.875.163 14,002,200 24,782 44,692 88.182 8,819 72,600 767.774 47.836 24.988 14.279 67.261 63.758 25.039.961 5,724.931 25.187.560 54.094 34,986 135.323 18.081 116,911 1,557,449 70,315 30,913 22,518 64,103 64,988 27,373,243 2,429,680 11,551,677 36,250 65,281 135,464 19,688 57,284 1,216,868 67,604 26,285 26,715 Production and Industry Jamaica's principal source of wealth is her agricultural produce; bananas, sugar, cacao, coffee, cocoanuts, pimento, tobacco, oranges, ginger and annatto. Privately hekl acreage amounts to 2,126,411; 1,114,283 being wood and "ruinate," and 1,013,025 under cultivation. Of the latter, 739,917 acres are grazing land and 273,108 are under various crops, as follows: 31,727 acres under sugar, 11,088 acres under cacao, 18,175 acres under coffee, 29,731 acres under cocoanuts, 881 acres under tobacco, 1,126 acres under oranges, 89 acres under ginger (231 in 1914), 1,243 acres under cassava. The forest lands of the islands produce 113 timbers, 46 of which are suitable for cabinet work; 35 for house work and furniture; for general purposes, 35 for outside and 40 for inside work; 20 for turnery; 17 for carriage and wagon work; 17 for posts; 15 for shingles; 12 for supplies; 9 for railway ties; 8 for millwork; 8 for coopering; 6 for fuel. Among these woods are mahogany, cedar, mahoe, sabinwood, rosewood, logwood and fustic. There are but two saw mills on the island; the wood which grows on small tracts on the hills and mountains, being principally sawed by hand. Manufacturing is not extensive; the two principal industries in this field being the pro- duction of Jamaica rum, said to be the finest in the world, by approximately 80 stills; the manufacture of "jippi-jappa" ("Panama") hats, and the manufacture of banana food products, principally dried bananas (banana figs), banana flour and meal. Other industries are: Kingston: 1 match factory; 1 ice; 5 aerated water and soft drink; 4 cigar and cigarette; 1 biscuit and cracker, and 1 leather factory and tannery, and 2 small breweries. Port Antonio: 1 ice factory; 1 bottling works for soft drinks; 2 copra factories; 2 cigar factories; 1 tannery. St. Mary: 2 banana flour factories; 1 small brewery. St. Anns Bay: 1 factory for extraction of essential oils; 1 coffee mill; 1 small grist mill. Trelawney: 1 starch factory. Montego Bay: 1 ice factory; 1 aerated water botthng works; 1 small distillery. Savanna-la-Mar: 2 aerated factories; 2 steam bakeries. Georges Plain: 1 rice treating plant; 1 hme juice factory. St. Elizabeth: 1 dye factory. Manchester: 1 aerated water factory. Trout Hall: 1 banana products factory. Aenon Town: 1 banana products factory. Spanish Town: 1 dyewood extract factory. Linstead: 1 electrical plant, 1 ice factory. Railways: Jamaica has 197^ miles of 4-foot 8^inch gauge, operated by the government. There are electric fights and tram-fines in Kingston. There are over 2,000 miles of main road, and adequate telephone and telegraph systems. Money, Weights and Measures: As in Great Britain. American coins are current. Language: Engfish. Local Advertising Media: One of the daily newspapers published in Kingston is a popular advertising medium, which circulates throughout the island. There are also two weeklies, published in Kingston. Shipping Routes: United Fruit Company. Royal Mail Steam Packet Co. Customs Tariff: The customs tariff of Jamaica provides specific duties for most articles and ad valorem duties on a few. Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required and there are no regulations as to marks, weights, etc. Cable Rates: From New York or New England states $0.36 per word. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. i\ 88 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Mail Time: To Kingston direct, 5 days. Parcel Post: tService extends to Jamaica and Cayman Islands. Limit of weight, 11 pounds. Ilate 12 cents per pound or fraction thereof. Each parcel must be accompanied by a customs declaration, describing the contents and giving the value of the package. Money Orders: Issued for Jamaica and Ca>Tnan Islands on domestic form. International Reply Coupons: Not issued. Consular Representatives: United States has a consular official stationed at Kingston. ISLANDS The population of Grand Cayman, Little Cayman and Cayman Brae is 5,564; 2 322 of whom are white; 2,211 half breed, and 1,031 Negro. The industries are cocoanut raising, turtle raising, etc. Communications are irregular, and all trade is handled through Jamaica! The trade of the islands is small, and emigration has been steady. The Turks and Caicos Islands are geographically a part of the Bahamas, but are governed as a dependency of Jamaica. Seat of the government is at Grand Turk (population about 1,700). The population in 1911 was 5,615, of whom 286 were white. Principal industry, salt raking. Total imports amount to about $139,140, and are flour, meats and rice. Total exports amount to about $135,108 and are salt, sisal and sponges. The cable station is at Grand Turk. There are about 30 islands, 8 of which are inhabited. The largest is Grand Caicos 20 miles in length, 6 in width. Currency, weights and measures as in Great Britain. Ameri- can currency is subject to a discoimt of 1^ per cent. THE LEEWARD ISLANDS The Leeward Islands, a British possession, comprise Antigua, with Barbuda and Redonda, Dominica, St. Kitts-Nevis, Montserrat, the British Virgin Islands, and several islands of less importance. They Ue to the north of the Windward Islands and southeast of Porto Rico. The colony is divided into 5 Presidencies: St. Kitts, with Nevis and An- guilla; Antigua, with Barbuda and Redonda; Montserrat, the Virgin Islands and Dominica. Area and Population Area and population according to census of 1911: Islands Square miles Males Females Total Antigua Barbuda and Redonda Virgin Islands Dominica St. Kitts Nevis Anguilla Montserrat Total 108 62 58 305 65 60 36 32 716 13.989 2,613 15,231 10.969 6,521 1,662 5,246 55.130 18,280 2,949 18,632 15,314 7.424 2.513 6.951 72,063 32,269 5.566 33,863 26.283 12,946 4.075 12.196 127.193 Commerce Total foreign trade of the islands 1913-1918: 1913-14 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Imports. Exports . $2,859,439 2.740.860 $3,029,290 3,020,023 $2,840,757 3,249,989 $3,114,907 5.439,5.32 $4,373,628 5,308,960 LEEWARD ISLANDS 89 (1). St. Kitts and Dependencies: Temperature ranges from 75° to 85°, eastern side of island being coolest. Hurricanes are likely to occur in March, August and September. Basseterre, on the southwestern side of the island, has about 10,000 inhabitants and is the only business place of any importance and the main trading place for the island of Nevis. Most of the houses are of frame con- struction; some have one story of coral rock and the rest frame. There are few stone houses. The town has ample customs and warehouse space, 2 piers, 170 and 200 feet long. Ships anchor in the open roadstead and lighters are used in landing freight. Water supply is piped from the hills. Population is largely Negro and Negroid. The island is strictly agricultural, the principal crop being sugar. There are several modem sugar estates and 2 "centrals" financed by British capital, using steam tractors, many miles of plantation tram Unes, and generally modem equipment. The Colonial Bank and The Royal Bank of Canada have branches in St. Kitts. The peculiarities of the market as differentiated from other West Indian islands are that flour is desired in sacks rather than barrels, and other goods are required in smaller packages, adapted to a population unable to buy large quantities at a time. Flour, corn meal, pota- toes, butter, and cheese, condensed milk, biscuits, plain and fancy, canned meats and fish (dry salted, smoked and canned, such as salmon and cheap sardines), jams, jellies, apples, dried fruit and cooking oil are the principal foodstuffs imported. In textiles, cotton goods, aside from sugar bags and burlap for cotton bales, which are principally imported from Gre^t Britain, are the chief item. American prints and colored cottons are the favorites as well as sheetings, drills and domestic; in the finer grades of white goods the English product is considered superior. Shoes were coming into general use before the advance of high prices consequent upon the war; sizes generally bought are quite large. The purchasing power of the laboring classes is small, wages being not over $0.60 per day for men and $0.40 per day for women. Miscellaneous hardware is in demand, but there is only a small demand for ready-made clothing. St. Kitts is a party to the preferential tariff agreement with Canada. Ne\is is separated from St. Kitts by a strait 2 miles vnde. Population, 1911, 12,945. Charlestown, the chief town, has a population of 1,500. The whole trade of Nevis is carried on with Basseterre. Anguilla, an island 14 miles long, has a population (1911) of 3,890. It has no industries or trade of any importance, and is reached by sailing vessels only. (2). Antigua: Area, 108 square miles. Climate dry and pleasant; hurricanes in summer. Popula- tion chiefly Negro. Principal town, St. Joyn, 9,262 inhabitafits. Principal products, sugar, molasses, rum, cotton and pineapples. Neither Barbuda'nor Redonda, which islands are attached to Antigua for administrative purposes, are of any commercial importance. (3). Montserrat: Area, 33 square miles. Greatest length 12 miles; greatest width 8 miles. Principal products, cotton, (2,350 acres, 382,522 pounds of lint in 1914); sugar; lime juice, (1,000 acres under lime trees, average output 156,736 gallons 1913-14; 236,362 gallons 1905-13); cotton seed, cattle and papain. (4). Vu-gin Islands: Include islands of Tortola, Virgin Gorda, Anegada, Jost-Van-Dykes, Peters and Salt. They lie east of Porto Rico and close to Virgin Islands of the United States. Cotton is the kXF' 90 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS MARTINIQUE 91 li !i|| staple industry, small quantities of sugar, cocoanuts and onions are also produced. The seat of the administration and principal town is Roadtown, on the island of Tortola. (5). Dominica: Greatest length, 29 miles, greatest width, 13 miles. Only a small part of the land is cultivatable because of the rough and broken surface. It is well timbered and well watered, and the arable land is fertile. Principal town, Roseau. Principal products are limes and lime juice and oil; also some cacao, coffee and fruit. Warm springs abound on the island and there are sulphur deposits. St. Thomas exports (to the United States) in 1916 amounted to 66 tons, valued at $5,339. Lime and hmestone are quarried and used for building purposes. A total of 29,037 bags of Ume valued at $7,090, and 2,449 tons of hmestone, valued at $1,489 were exported in 1916. In addition to the gas and electric Ught plants, there are 9 factories in the colony as follows: 2 cotton, 2 ice, 2 biscuit, 1 manure and chemical plant, 1 tobacco and 1 cigar and tobacco factories. Much of the revenue of the island is derived from its popularity as a resort of tourist travel. Money, Weights and Measures: Money, weights and measures as in Cireat Britain. In St. Kitts, Canadian and Ameri- can bills circulate, and accounts are frequently kept in dollars. Language: English. Shipping Routes: Quebec Steamship Co. Raporel Line. Customs Tariff: Antigua, St. Kitts and Nevis, Montserrat and Dominica each have a separate tariff. In each case the duties assessed are specific ; on weight or measure and not on value. These islands are parties to British and Canadian preference agreements. Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required and there are no restrictions as to marks, weights, etc. Cable Rates: From New York or New England states to Antigua, $0.36; St. Kitts, $0.36; St. Thomas, $0.50. Postal Rates: United States domestic letter rates; Postal Union rates apply to other classes of matter. Mail Time: Varies. Parcel Posts: Service extends to Leeward Islands. Limit of weight, 11 pounds. Rate, 12 cents per pound or fraction thereof. Prohibitions: goods bearing any name or trade-mark of any manufacturer, dealer or trader in the I^nit^d Kingdom or any British possession, unless such name or trade-mark is accompanied by a definite indication of the country in which the goods were made or purchased. Money Orders : Issued to all islands on domestic forms. International Reply Coupons: Issued to all islands with the exception of Antigua. MARTINIQUE An island, one of the French West Indies, lying between Dominica and Santa Lucia, approximately 43 miles long and 20 miles wide, the superficial area being estimated at about 380 square miles or 244,000 acres. It has been a French possession since 1635, and its government is administered by a governor and General Council. The island is of volcanic formation and has had severe seismic disturbances, the most violent of which was the eruption of Mont Pelee on May 8, 1902, which destroyed the capital city of St. Pierre, almost all the 25,792 inhabitants perishing in the disaster. The total population of the island (1916) is 193,087. The present capital and principal commercial town is Fort de France with 26,400 in- habitants. The chief products are sugar, rum, cocoa, coffee, tobacco and limes. Manioc starch is manufactured for local consumption. There are 45 sugar works and 100 rum distilleries. Other industrial establishments include 8 lemonade factories, 1 pineapple cannery, 1 plant for the manufacture of cocoa powder and cocoa butter, 1 cooperage plant, 1 pottery factory, 11 gaseous Avater factories, 4 printing presses and 2 foundries. The manufacture of charcoal, universally used as fuel, has deforested the island almost completely. Commerce United States statistics of foreign commerce classify trade with Martinique under the general heading of trade with the French West Indies. For statistics of United States trade with the French West Indies, see page 78. The foreign trade of Martinique in 1917 showed an increase of more than 100 per cent, over the average for the five preceding years. France takes most of the exports. In 1917 the United States received goods from the island valued at $14,127. The sugar exports for 1917 were 20,881 metric tons, valued at $3,802,024, while in 1916 they were 34,444 tons valued at $5,143,103. In spite of this decrease the total exports showed an increase in value of over 33 per cent, over 1916. Value of imports from various countries during 1916 and 1917: Countries of oriKin 1916 1917 Countries of origin 1916 1917 Argentina . Brazil , British Empire: Great Britain India Colonies Chile Dominioan Republic. Dutch Guiana F.cuador France French Colonies . . Haiti. . . Italy $5,558 5,100 399,446 36,808 700,858 139,188 20,971 4,342 1,847,340 162,950 4,200 456 $10,047 11.385 597.664 16.605 1,460,945 321,264 38,579 24,165 6,199 2,0.'>6,85S 205,808 1,576 1,205 Netherlands Panama Peru Porto Rico St. Croix St. Martin Spain Sweden Switzerland St. Thomas United States \ Venezuela All other Total . $930 4.364 79,193 21,140 1,628 1,607 11,817 18,940 2,966,884 97,566 2,517 $6,533,803 $2,226 6.174 1,158 39,399 6,677 12,403 1.301 6,355 6,940 5,652,727 411,728 18,502 $10,917,872 The United States supplies the island with most of its foodstuffs, salted and preserved meats, provisions, feedstuffs, coal, petroleum products, oils, woods, tobacco, ament, chemi- cai products, automobiles, metals, machines and machinery, a total of nearly 52 per cent. I of all imports. rnrH^^^^^^j^l'PP^^®^ "^^^* °^ *^® clothing and textile fabrics, manufactured articles, yarns, of the^total ®^' ^^^ beverages. France's share in the imports is about 20 per cent. 92 f] EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Quantity and value of the principal exports during 1916 and 1917: Articles 1916 Metric tons Value 1917 Metric tons Value Cacao Lime juice. Coffee Hides Pineapples. Pottery . . . Rum Semolina. . Sugar Skins Vanilla. . . . Total Re-exports. Grand Total. 385.94 1.76 3.60 110.40 69.25 44.62 ♦6,175,933 7.84 34.443.50 3.75 .80 $189,798 289 1,450 28,500 13,160 3,153 5,522.948 1,500 5,143,103 1,136 18,449 $10,927,225 843,812 $11,771,037 379.2 10.1 5.5 176.8 160.2 10.9 ♦6,980,610 9 3 20,880.8 4.5 Gallons. $205,595 1,438 3,122 41,827 42,991 1.786 9,592,223 3,287 3.802,630 2,572 14.682 $13,720,038 1,988,673 $15,708,711 Money: The currency is the same as in France. Weights and Measures: The metric system prevails. Language: French. Shipping Route: Raporel Steamship Line. Customs Tariff: French imports are free; but foreign imports pay the duties of the French tarifT. Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required. Cable Rates: From New York or New England states, $0.95 per word. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Nine days. Parcel Post: Service extends to Martinique. Two copies of customs declaration must be attached to each parcel. Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. PORTO RICO 03 PORTO RICO The most easterly and the fourth largest island of the Greater Antilles, and a possession of the United States, lying about 70 miles east of Haiti and 500 miles southeast of Cuba. The cUmate of Porto Rico is tropical, the temperature being moderated by the northeast trade winds. There are two seasons, the rainy from June to November, and the dry from November to June. Agriculture is the principal industry, and sugar, tobacco, coffee and fruit are the principal crops. Over 400,000 tons of sugar are annually produced. Grape fruit is the most important single fruit crop, but other citrus fruits as well as pineapples and cocoanuts are Ukewise raised. Cotton growing is being developed. Manufacturing is relatively unim- portant, the principal branches being the manufacture of cigars, cigarettes and drawn work. The estimated per capita imports of Porto Rico in 1918 amounted to $52.82. In the same year the per capita exports amounted to $61.90. The share of the United States in the imports of Porto Rico in 1918 was 92 per cent., in the exports, 88 per cent. Area and Population The area of Porto Rico is 3,606 square miles. The estimated population in 1915 was 1,200,100. The principal towns are San Juan (population, 1910, 48,716), Ponce (population, 63,444), and Mayaguez (population, 42,429). Commerce Value of merchandise shipped from Porto Rico to the United States and foreign countries for the ten-year period 1909-1918: Years • To the United States To Foreign », , countries *°^*' Years To the United States To Foreign -, , countries loxai 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 $26,394,312 32,095.645 34.765.409 42.873.401 40,538,623 $3,996,913 5.864,574 5.152,958 6,832,012 8,564,942 $30,391,225 37.960,219 39,918,367 49,705,413 49.103,565 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 $34,423,180 42.311,920 60.952.768 73,115,224 65,514,989 $8,679,582 7.044.987 5,778,805 7.855.693 8,779,033 $43,102,762 49.356.907 66,731.573 80.970.917 74,294.022 counS^rl^mWl!'^?'^''^ Shipped mto Porto Rico from the United States and foreign couniries, durmg the ten year penod, 1909-1918: Years 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 From the United States From For- eign countries Total Years From the United States From For- eign counties Total $23,618,645 27,097,654 34.671,958 38,470,963 33,155,005 $2,925,781 3,537,201 4,115,039 4,501,928 3,745,057 $26,544,326 1914 30,634,855 1915 38,786,997 1916 42,972,891 1917 36,900.062 1918 $32,568,368 30,929,831 35,892,515 49,539,249 58.945,758 $3,838,419 2.954.465 3.058,641 4.005.975 4.443,524 $36,406,787 33.884,296 38.951.156 63.545.224 63,389,282 ? t \ \ c 94 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Imports from United States and foreiRn countries for fiscal year ending June 30, 1918: From United States Quantity Agricultural implements Animals Breadstuffs: Bread and biscuits lbs. Cornnieal bbls. Oats bushels Wheat flour bbls. Rice lbs. All other Candles lbs. Car, carriages and parts of Cement bbls. Chemicals, drugs, dyes and medicines. . . Coal tons Cocoa and chocolate, prepared Cotton, manufactures of: Cloths yds. All other manufactures of Earthen, stone and china ware Explosives Fertilizers tons Fibers, vegetable and textile grasses: Cordage lbs. Jute bags All other Fish: Dried, smoked or cured lbs. All other Fruits and nuts Glass and glassware India rubber, manufactures of Instruments and apparatus, scientific . . . . Iron and steel, manufactures of Leather and manufactures of Meat and dairy products : Bacon lbs. Hams and shoulders aired lbs. Pork, pickled lbs. Lard lbs. Lard compounds lbs. All other meat products Butter lbs. Cheese lbs. Milk, condensed lbs. Musical instruments and parts of Oils: Mineral gals. Vegetable Paints, pigments and varnishes Paper, manufactures of Perfumeries, cosmetics and toilet prep. . . . Seeds Silks, manufactures of Soap: Toilet or fancy All other Spirits, wines and malt liquors : Malt liquors gals. Spirits, distilled proof gals. "Wines gals. Champagne, dot qts. Sugar, refined lbs. Straw and palm leaf, Sifrs. of Tobacco and manufactures of : Unmanufactured lbs. Manufactures of Toys Vegetables: Beans and dried peas bushels Onions bushels Potatoes bushels All other canned All other, incl. pickles and sauces 3.255,108 23.556 131.929 295,796 125,131,832 '937,846 248.467 104,908 44.922,200 ' " 40,289 856,012 10.860,900 110,959 2,770.625 7.183.263 2.609.956 6.164,577 '861,909 1,163,022 3,667,089 5,916.744 86,548 9.848 20,375 *3,'0'l'7'.2i5 2,003.224 218.608 40,928 261,911 Value $62,194 5,766 400.323 219.870 1 14.K50 3,280,9(10 9.144.940 294.077 145.0rentina Colombia ', , Ecuador [[[] Brazil Peru '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Uruguay Venezuela East Indies — British India Japan Canary Islands Nicaragua Tripf)li Hongkong Costa Rica . . British East Africa Chile British Guiana . . . . Imports 1914 $32,568,368 4,964 63.563 121,956 309,376 336.109 74.205 234,084 772.266 5,659 548 475.639 594.344 60,872 ' 20,996 70,553 52.006 4.877 13,165 6 2.610 92,605 81.800 3,079 4.330 3.790 394.499 1915 60,473 90 21 Total I $36,406,787 $30,929,831 5.043 16,033 90,026 140,059 139.373 76,033 159.078 4,446 679.415 1.296 2,011 339.681 606.328 8.272 13 87.986 735 68.871 4,868 7.224 1,360 "2"3'4',356 60.550 5,295 184 iii 38,113 16,232 205.928 291 50.241 5 118 $33,884,296 1916 $35,802,515 370 80.979 144,209 1.011 61.551 23.805 15.748 650,317 23.146 295 351.011 651.183 12.142 212,526 65.754 29.060 6,309 14.419 16 382.441 36.336 7,430 i4 1,244 4.457 11.588 196.917 1.316 54,461 30 18.828 $38,051,156 Coffee and sugar exports for 5 years, 1914 to 1918: Year Continued on page 95 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 191S Coffee Pounds Value 50.211,947 51.125.620 32.144,283 39.615.146 37.618.613 Year $8,193,544 7.082,791 5,049.283 5.892.081 5.506,316 1914. 1015. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1917 $49,539,249 85,252 157.101 '66.734 3.927 9.705 985.370 32.141 'i9i,i22 776,482 93.058 '251,269 10 73,966 20,016 35.235 4,685 1,666 595,450 14,958 433 30 19.955 1.928 31.831 17,650 446.727 7.371 54.199 27,251 453 $53,545,224 rnOM United States Prom foreign cotJNTRiES Quantity Value Quantity Value Wood and manufactures of. Boards, deals, planks, etc M ft. Furniture 14,646 612,232 335,764 87,551 271,644 2,604,557 $58,945,758 1.639 46.129 4.908 12.700 535 1.265,982 All other Wool, manufactures of All other articles Total Value $4,443,624 1918 $58,945,758 54,231 147,211 51.726 1,631 ' 623,64i 23.767 4.002 253.732 863.550 38.021 257.236 430 85,634 29,345 43.346 1.652 1.652 1,166,859 887 3.678 81.196 54.823 471.182 97.467 24,918 162.313 $63,389,282 Sugar Short tons Value 320,633 394.475 424,955 488.943 336.788 $20,240,335 27,278.754 45.809,445 54,015,903 41,362.229 ] I III 96 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Distribution of exports to foreign countries for the years 1914-1918: Countries Exports 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 United States Austria-Hungary Belgium Denmark France Germany Gibraltar Italy Netherlands Norway Russia Roumania Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Canada West Indies : British Cuba Virgin Islands Dutch French Haiti Dominican Republic Argentina Colombia Uruguay Venezuela Phihppine Islands. , . . Canary Islands Spanish Africa Finland Mexico Brazil Dutch East Indies. . . . Chile Total $34,423,180 1,601,988 18,818 3,216 843,294 496,100 24,451 692,363 105,659 15.795 19,064 24,575 1,368,401 96,215 4,225 79.748 10,072 2,920 3.089,075 29.932 32.561 2,116 " " 51,688 16,467 10,227 745 4,910 13,568 8,814 1,915 11,170 $43,102,762 $42,311,920 1.630 * " * " i28,557 815.527 21,369 7,143 733,354 146.065 13,464 1,876.106 140,910 " ' 6,366 22 2,593 2,790.771 23,780 34.436 13,673 223,645 31,958 21,799 777 89,792 7,942 11.624 1.750 $49,356,907 $60,962,768 276,091 1,566 401,551 86.456 9,830 1.292.378 253.696 33,567 85 18,589 2,781.292 39,595 71,322 62,267 '276.892 13,571 50,050 150 30.425 75.834 1.690 " * * 2.658 $66,731,573 $73,115,224 567.046 39.292 174 1,837.874 63,880 4.745 3,561.478 298.653 106,100 54,537 1,376 1,267.090 16.893 '49.89i 1.623 2,200 2,841 $66,514,989 ' 229,724 259 ■'i,"65l',i6i i"65.684 15,466 3,809.504 312.226 67.623 1 13,475 11.293 2.361,770 31.469 i9,699 291 $80,970,917 $74,294,022 Production and Industry In 1915-16 203,491 acres of land, valued at $21,840,428, were planted to sugar cane. Sugar crops for 4 years have been as follows: 1915. 346,490 tons; 1916, 483,589 tons; 1917 453,976 tons; 1918, 405,174 tons; 1919, 375,000 tons. Sugar is grown principaUy on the low alluvial lands along the coast. Tobacco is grown on 16,308 acres, valued at $1,326,859. The principal tobacco growing districts are Cayey (2,713 acres), Cedra (2,620 acres), Aibo- nito (2,390 acres), Gurabo (1,920 acres), Comerio (1,824 acres), Caguas (1,531 acres), Juncos (811 acres), Loiza (371 acres) and Barranquitas (308 acres.) The manufacturing of cigars and cigarettes is constantly increasing. CoflFee is planted on 167,637 acres, and is exported to Europe and the United States. The fruit industry has largely been developed since the establishment of American authority on the island. In 1916 there were 5,380 acres devoted to the raising of citrus fruits over half of which was in grape fruit. Pineapples are grown on 3,086 acres, cocoanuts on 6,091 acres; the milk of the green cocoanut is consumed as a drink, the fibre (cois) woven into various textile products. There is no copra manufacturing. Cotton growing is assuming increased importance. The census of 1910 enumerated 4,712 growers of sugar cane, with 75,814 laborers; 2,314 coffee planters with 29,307 laborers, PORTO RICO 97 ExporiSj Continued: Exports from Porto Rico to United States and foreign countries for fiscal year endinc June 30, 1916: ^ Articles To United States Quantity Value To FOREIGN COUNTRIES Quantity Value Beeswax lbs. Cocoa lbs. CoflFee lbs. Cotton, Sea Island lbs. Fruits and nuts: Grape fruit boxes Oranges boxes Pineapples boxes All other Canned pineapples .'. All other ' Prepared and preserved pineapples . . . . . Cocoanuts Hides and skins * Iba Honey lbs! Leather, sole lbs Tallow. ; libs! Perfumeries, cosmetics, bay rum Seeds : Annatto Jbe. Cotton . . . lbs. Spirits, distilled — Alcohol proof gals Straw hats Sugar and Molasses: Sugar short tons. . Mol&ssea Jbg Tobacco and manufactures oif : Cigarettes \f Cigars !!!,'" M L«a' lbs." bcrap \Yyg All other domestic articles .....[........ Total exports of domestic merchandise. . Total exports of foreign merchandise 65,296 79,398 256,697 128,071 549,125 602,987 Total Exports. 981,827 3,137,942 998 38,814 766,094 133,799 336,469 14,495,752 4,255 179,038 13,124,315 3,989,831 «17.243 8,320 39,064 48,345 1,120,330 1,230,984 617,496 4,461 75,216 30 2,010 561,062 283,143 388,653 450 6,106 31,183 78,337 156,736 160,187 41,310,845 1.213,382 16,656 7,131,535 7,91.3,675 1,054,370 1.584,023 $65,053,842 461,147 $65,514,989 567 '87,361,916 239 5,459 672,471 33,903 134,954 701,049 ' 81,938 $171 5,466,252 567 ■ ' 3,9i7 319 1,088,292 2,030 150 82,177 603 11,538 3,767 71.737 16,250 21,993 15.300 84,869 18,678 51.384 108,167 9,076 3,158 14,085 " '2,815,332 $8,716,844 62,189 $8,779,033 Note: Includes all U. S. goods exported from Porto Rico and also those exported from the U.S via Porto Rico. Production and Industry, Continued: 180 tobacco planters with 5,346 laborers; 614 fruit growers and 3,668 laborers- 16 176 general farmers and 62,667 general farm laborers. Tobacco and fruit arme^ a^^tiS Ind JLTr'^' ^^ '•' r '^"*- '° *'^ '"''^''"«''* •^-^'de. Kapok, hemrand dye wo^ and plants grow wild and are gathered to some extent. na aye woods resold 7ji"eMLd "■?;;'; 'f'^'^r"'?^' "^ ^ -* '"•='- ''^ ^'^'^"^ *e lumber Mineral rlurc-^fnlH """"■f'^^*"^, <>' "l^a^cal is, however, an important industry. is Zd ClvT '"f n"™' T"^";' '^"' P*"»P'"'t«^ l^^ge'y undeveloped. Bat gua^o hatl ice L a fert,I,»r. Manufacturing is largely undeveloped; ciga„ cigarettT the ; w ;. 939'i!f r'r^Kr .'""■" "°* '^""^'""'^ *« P"-'P' ' bran'che . Trnd ^^^M:^lT^X^7lt:^r^^S^' '''''' ™' ^^- ^ -^' -"a, of Telegraphs and Telephones: Thegovemmcnt operates the telegraph service; there are 37 offices and 590 miles of «™. There are privately owned telephone systems giving good service. 98 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS o (V &)^! OQ 2 0? qj an CO 03 (U 03 u o 00 H 00 00 O pa m H K O < o Bi H a s o a5^ XIT3 2 ■t-J 2 -^ .S-3 5 OQ n 3 . ►^•3 ■e 3 0«-3 o o as o ic o O a c S3 k. " a o ^ as O ^< i1 eS 3 *«5 00 00 ■* >-i lo »o r- c? «o 1-100 -i-Hioe^ ^ rH rlCCt^nrl i-l ^ • ■«<< 00 "^ CO o o •CM • coco ■ • »o •N— I • •ao . CO • 00 O X '-' 05 'O CO t* t-l ^ CO 00 N c»c« MO 1* ^000 -OS O N -OS o o t<- C5 o> 1— < O X N .-I CO O CO CO 1-H .«(•'* M ^ M •■* •t^ •(N lO h. 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CO'CM Xf-iC^t>.rit»OX '-<^ o'co'cm' •iCMt^ »H CO CO X OCRCMt^t^XOJ CO CM 05 X CO CM »-( 00 CM CM nT CO CO 0S01CM»0^>.XX»0•^C0O^>.Ocr3C^lr-l-^lO^^•4^r-^t^ .« ^t>.,eix,o x_qu?io^ oSSn^cmxoRS ^CO(NCO CM»0*^ CO* eOr-rd'i-rrt"cOCM*'-<'io"'«jr c>irccMOx<-i'ocDCMt^e^i-i 'IOC ® -^-^^Ol t>. O Tj<^0 CM X ■*.CM cmVT X-sO OCO cm'-h cm cox -^,CRO_ Tj<"x"co t>.COr* Oi-iN. coo cm CM 1-1 CO o crx X X CM r-x cc o'fo*t>r t^CMTj. cot>^t>. iC* co'co* xo CM CO CM OS CM CO .-co .-1 .-.O !>• cofo^'oo Oi»0 05X CO o CM 1— < CM CO ; "5 _ .2 5 03 i) O.J 0U2 3 — . «. as c3 b£ •3 09 « C 09 rt M A o9 s9 oS O : «« ' 5 -• S « M £ nil si fos I iolJl:^«'i|asis of weight. Trinidad and Tobago have a British Preferential Tariflf. *^ Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required, and there are no restrictions as to marks weights, etc. ' Cable Rates: From New York and New England states, $0.36 per word. Postal Rates: Letters: United States domestic letter rate, $0.02 for each ounce or fraction thereof. Postal Union rates apply to other matter. Mail Time: Direct, 8 days. Parcel Post: md^'^ZT''^ M TT^''^ ^^' "^ ^'^^^*' '^ P^^'^^^- Prohibitions: Base and counterfeit com; oil cloths; carbon paper containing free carbon or oiled paper. Money Orders : Issued on domestic forms for both Trinidad and Tobago. International Reply Coupons: Not issued. 104 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS VIRGIN ISLANDS OF THE UNITED STATES A group of three islands, St. Thomas, St. Croix and St. John, which form part of the Virgin Island group of the West Indies, and which were formerly possessions of Denmark, but were purchased by the United States in 1916 for $25,000,000. Area of group, 132 square miles; population, 26,051, of whom 1,922 are white. St. Thomas, the principal island, Ues 40 miles east of Porto Rico. The principal towns are Christianstadt and Frederickstadt on the island of St. Croix, and Charlotte Amalie on the island of St. Thomas. St. Thomas was formerly the chief distributing center of the West Indies, but its importance in this respect has declined. It is a port of call for ships destined for Panama, and is likewise of importance as a coaling station for ships plying to and from the West Indies. The principal products of the Virgin Islands of the United States are cotton, sugar, aloes and fruits. Cattle raising is an important industry. The cUmate is tropical. The official language is English. Danish, Dutch, French and Spanish are also spoken. The chief trade of the Virgin Islands of the United States is carried on with the United States. Exports from the United States to the Virgin Islands in 1919 amounted to $1,804,- 117; imports from the Virgin Islands to the United States to $1,593,120. The principal imports of the Virgin Islands are breadstuffs, cereals, coal, iron and steel products, boots and shoes, textiles, meat and dairy products, oils, lumber, and refined sugar. The principal exports are cotton, raw sugar, fresh fruits and lime juice. Money, Weights and Measures: As in the United States. Shipping Routes: Raporel Steamship Line, Inc. A. H. Bull & Co. Cable Rates: From New York or New England states, $0.50 per word. Postal Rates: Domestic rates. Mail Time: Six days. Parcel Post: Domestic service. Money Orders: As in the United States. THE WINDWARD ISLANDS The Windward Islands, consisting of Grenada, St. Vincent, the Grenadines and St. Lucia, which lie between Trinidad and Martinique in the Caribbean Sea are a British colony. Each island has its own institutions but all are governed by a governor resident at Grenada. The Colonial Bank and the Royal Bank of Canada are the only two banking institutions, and each issues $5.00 notes. American gold and British currency are legal tender. EngUsh is the language of commerce; the laborers speak a patois. Weights and measures are the same as in the United States and Great Britain. The total area of the islands is 516 square miles; the total population in 1911 was 157,264. The islands are widely scattered. The only two important islands of the Grena- dines are Carriacou (8,467 acres; population 6,886) and Bequia (4,422 acres); and their chief product is the " Marie Galante" variety of cotton. (1). Grenada: Southernmost of the Windward Islands; about 90 miles north of Trinidad, 65 miles southwest of St. Vincent, and about 100 miles southwest of Barbados. The island is 21 WINDWARD ISLANDS 105 miles long and 12 miles broad, the south area being about 120 square miles, or 76,548 acres. Population (estimate, 1915) 71,567; prmcipally Negro. Towns are St. George, the capital, (population 5,188 in 1911); Grenville, (population about 3,000), and Gouyave, (population about 1,200). The chief product of Grenada and its dependencies was formerly sugar, but now limes and spices and cocoa are the principal products. The Government is pursuing the policy of purchasing unused land, and selling it in small farms of from two to ten acres to the poorer population, in the attempt to develop a small landed peasantry. Commerce Foreign trade of Grenada during 1917: Imports Exports From United Kingdom $465,009 766.703 Cocoa X2.003.583 From United States Nutmegs 1 14,307 Mace 74,829 Lime juice 54,354 The principal irajwrts are flour, salted and cured fish, and rice, and in an average year the total foreign trade amounts to about $3,000,000. Cotton goods and a small amount of cement and corrugated iron are sold. The principal exports are cacao, spices, (chiefly mace), cotton, and cotton seed. Grenada is a party to the preferential tariff agreement with Canada. (2). St. Vincent and Dependencies: Location; about 30 miles southwest of St. Lucia and 97 miles west of Barbados. The island is 12 miles long and its greatest width is about 11 miles. Total area, 140 square miles, about 90,000 acres. Population, 1911, 41,877; 1914, 45,605. Birth rate, 33, and death rate 18 per 1,000. The island is volcanic, and was the scene of a devastating earth- quake in May, 1903. Principal town and capital, Kingstown, 4,300 (1911). Dependencies; Bequia (area 4,422 acres; about 9 miles from Kingstown); Mustique (area 1,257 acres; about 18 miles from Kingstown); Canouan (area 1,694 acres; about 25 miles from Kings- town); Mayreau (area 600 acres; about 37 miles from Kingstown); Union Island (area 2,600 acres, about 37 miles from Kingstown), and the islets of Balliceaux and Battowia. Population estimated at 4,000. Inhabitants principally Negro, with some admixture of native Carib. All the islands are volcanic. The principal products of St. Vincent are arrowroot, for the preparation of which there IS a mill at Kingstown, and Sea Island cotton, considered of the highest quality. There is a central ginning-mill at Kingstown, operated by the Government. Spices are exported in small quantities, and sugar and rum are produced in small amounts. The lands are fertile, and the Government is endeavoring to attract immigrants; but the population is small, and bemg off the main lines of travel, the island is of slight commercial importance. Commerce Imports Exports I'M 7. f.'>93.474 1917. $507,369 106 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS ARGENTINA 107 III ) i ; i\ (8). St Lucia: The most northerly of the Windward Islands, lying about 25 miles south of Martinique and 30 miles northeast of St. Vincent. Its area is 238 square miles, or 152,320 acres, about 20 per cent, of which is under cultivation. Population, 1915, 51,590. Chief town and port, Castries, population 17,245. Birth rate 35.5 and death rate 20.4. Castries is the chief coaling station in the West Indies for the British navy. Vessels drawing 30 feet of water can come alongside its wharves. Most of the coaling is done by women, who outnumber the men on the island by several thousands. Principal agricultural products are sugar, and rum; there are several modem sugar factories. Other products are limes, cacao, vanilla beans, spices, and some cotton. The soil and climate are adapted to the cul- ture of coffee, which has not been extensively embarked upon. The Government is mak- ing every effort to encourage agriculture and land owning by making small allotments. Fertilizer is in demand for the cane fields. Commerce Imports Exports 1917 $2,026,464 1917 1.638,767 Language: English. Shipping Routes: Trinidad Line. Raporel Line. Royal Dutch West India Mail Line. Quebec Steamship Company. Customs Tariffs: The customs tariffs of the Windward Islands provide specific duties on most articles. Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required, and there are no restrictions as to marks, weights, etc. Cable Rates: From New York or New England states, $0.36 per word. Postal Rates: United States domestic letter rate. Mail Time: Varies. Parcel Post: Service extends to Windward Islands. Prohibitions same as Great Britain. Money Orders: Issued. International Reply Coupons: Not issued. SOUTH AMERICA ARGENTINA The Argentine republic embraces the southeastern portion of the South Amercan continent, being bounded by Chili, Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil and the Atlantic Ocean. Its area is approximately as great as the combined areas of the states east of the Missis- sippi, with the addition of Kan- sas and Iowa. The seasons in Argentina, owing to its geographical posi- tion south of the equator, are exactly the opposite from our own. The spring season in Argentina is from September 21 to December 21, the summer season from December 21 to March 21, the autumn season from March 21 to June 21, and the winter season from June 21 to September 21. Of the total population about one-fifth live in the city of Buenos Aires, which is ap- proximately as large as Phila- delphia, and is the capital and principal commercial center. The city of Buenos Aires ranks, next to Paris, as the largest Latin city in the world. It is in every respect thoroughly modem, and its standard of living is fully as luxurious as that of Paris, Lon- don, or New York. This is the most important single market in South America. Although much smaller both in area and population than Brazil its annual imports customarily exceed those of Brazil by some 25 per cent. The United States, which supplied only 15.4 per cent, of Argentina's total im- ports in 1912, in 1918 supplied 33.8 per cent, of the total imports of that country. 108 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS ARGENTINA 109 ■I 5 ■ Argentina's per capita foreign trade in 1918 amounted to $159.17; per capita imports amounted to $61.20, and per capita exports to $97.97. Of a total population of approximately 8,000,000, over one-fourth are Italians, and a number of the commercial enterprises of Argentina are controlled by Italian capital. Foreign capital, especially British, German, and Spanish has played a large part in the development of the country. Argentina is not, despite a somewhat widespread impression to the contrary, a tropical country. It is below the tropical zone and enjoys a temperate climate, not unlike that of the Carolinas. Unlike Brazil, which is geographically divided into three distinct commercial regions, Argentina is a single market. Area and Population The republic is divided into 14 provinces, 10 territories, and the federal district of Buenos Aires, which together contain the land area and population shown by the following table: Federal District, Provinces and Territories Area Square Miles Population Census 1914 Federal District Buenos Aires Provinces Buenos Aires Santa F6 C6rdoba Entre RIos Corrientes San Luis Santiago del Extero Tucumdn Mendoza San Juan La Rioja Catamarca Salta Jujuy Territories Misiones Formosa Chaco Pampa Central Neuqu6n Rio Negro Chubut Santa Crua Tierra del Fuego Los Andes Total 71 177.777 50.713 66.912 29.241 33,535 29.035 55.385 10.422 56.502 37.685 37,849 36.800 48.302 14.802 11,511 41.402 62,741 56,320 40,530 79,805 93,427 109,142 8,299 34,740 1.153.119 1.575.814 2.066.165 899.640 735,472 425.373 347,055 116.266 261,678 332,933 277.535 119.252 79,754 100,391 140,927 76,631 53,563 19.281 46.274 101.338 28.886 42.242 23.065 9.948 2,604 2.487 7.885,237 From 1857 to 1915 there were 4,709,092 immigrant-s as follows: 2,295,019 Italians, 1,497,854 Spaniards, 215,479 French, 161,422 Russians, 136,451 Turks and Syrians, 87,264 Austrians, 62,331 Germans, 55,789 English, 33,340 Swiss, 27,211 Portuguese, 12,566 Greeks, 8,922 Danes, 7,692 Dutch and 6,669 Americans. The following table shows the rate of immigration over a period of years: Year Number of Immigi 1857-60 20,000 159.570 1861-70 1871-80 260,613 846.568 1881-90 Year Number of Immigrants 1S91-1900 1901-05.. 1906-10. . 1911-15.. 648.320 520.030 1.238.073 1,009.925 The proportion of illiteracy is estimated at 54 per cent, of the total population. Estimated present population of the chief cities: Buenos Aire, January 1, 1919 Rosario (Santa Fe) C6rdoba La Plata Avellaneda Tucuman Rahla Blanca Santa Fe Mendoza Parand Salta Ijomas de Zamora Rio Cuarto 1,637.155 222.592 104.894 90.430 46.277 91.216 44.134 59,574 58,790 36,089 28,436 22.231 18.421 I Corrientes Quilmes Concordia Mar del Plata Santiago del Estero . Chivilcoy Resistencia Mercedes (San Luis) TandU Junin Bell-Ville GualeKuaychd Pergamino 28,681 19.311 20,107 27,611 23,479 23.241 8,387 18,256 10,784 21,172 8,732 17,880 20.549 Commerce During the first three months of 1919, the imports of Argentina amounted to $101,036,- 465, and the exports of Argentina to §107,279,050. On the basis of these statistics, we may estimate the total foreign trade of Argentina during the year 1919 at $833,262,060, with imports valued at $404,145,860 and exports at $429,116,200. Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Argentina: Year ended June 30 1909 1910.. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 1914.. 1915.. 1916.. 1917.. 1918.. 1919.. Exports Domestic $33,458,105 40.304,342 43.753,424 53,050.943 52,807,331 45,053.874 32,167,859 65,820,002 81,939.982 108,513,188 Foreign $254,400 330.599 165,0S7 107,236 87,503 125,215 381,747 552,.304 435,183 859,962 Total Imports Free $33,712,505 40,094.941 43,918,511 53,158,179 52,894.834 45,179.089 32.549,000 00,37S.300 82,375,105 109,373,150 138,831,832 $3,745,558 17,590,832 12,879,479 21,100,777 18,502,978 43.055,900 09.100,805 90,521,654 142,154,472 173,314,821 Dutiable $18,484,624 15,872.432 10,211.253 8.740,239 8,300,754 1,468,082 4,609.393 15,990,766 10,457,939 22,318,527 Total $22,230,182 33,403,264 29,090,732 29,847,010 26,803,732 45,123,988 73,770,258 112.512,420 152,012,411 195,033,348 166,061,539 Per cent. Excess of exports (♦) 16.85 52.57 44.27 70.70 69.10 96.75 93.67 85.79 93.15 88.59 +$11,482,323 +7,231,677 ♦14,827,779 +23,311,163 +26,031,102 + 55,101 -41,226,652 -46,134.056 -70,237,244 +86,200,198 -27,229,707 Value of Argentina's foreign trade during 11 years (values in United States currency) Year Imports Exports Year lOOS 1909 1910 1011 1912 1913 Imports Exports $263,418 089 292,159;631 339,458,083 3.53,972,311 37 1,381. .597 470,094,003 $353,195,154 383,443.259 359,584.143 313.333,124 403,577,502 498,512,527 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 (3 mos.) $309,480,987 293,181,713 351,472.000 364,979,122 482,570,800 101,036,465 $380,917,706 558,918,441 550,300,665 528.103,247 772,549.000 107,279,050 I 110 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS I Exports for the first quarter of 1919, by principal classifications: Articles Value Articles Value Pastoral products $76,520,640 27,110,710 Forestry $1,424,340 Agricultural products Other products 2.221,430 Percentages of total Argentine imports borne by imports from principal countries of origin for six years: Countries 1912 Per Cent. 1913 Per Cent. 1914 Per Cent. 1915 Per Cent. 1916 Per Cent. 1917 Per Cent. United Kingdom Germany United States . . . Italy France Belgium Brazil Spain 30.8 16.6 15.4 8.5 9.8 6.3 2.5 3.1 31.1 16.9 14.7 8.3 9.0 5.2 2.2 2.9 34.0 14.8 13.4 9.2 8.2 4.4 3.5 3.1 29.9 2.5 24.8 9.3 5.9 0.4 4.6 6.0 28.2 0.2 29.2 9.8 6.9 0.1 5.5 6.2 21.8 0.1 36.3 6.9 5.9 i6!6 7.2 Imports by principal countries of origin from 1913 to 1918, inclusive. Values are given in United States currency: Countries United States United Kingdom .... Brazil Spain Italy France Uruguay Mexico Paraguay Chile Japan British Possessions . . . Switzerland Cuba Netherlands Sweden Norway Peru Bolivia Portugal Canada China Germany Denmark Belgium South Africa Austria-Hungary . , . . Dutch Possessions. . . Turkey Russia Australia Other coimtries Total 1913 $70,092,160 147,891,372 10,462.134 13,999.264 39,309,624 43,022,619 3,611,679 1,528,668 2.566.201 799,980 981,041 8,560,554 3.106.919 1.273.032 4,603.411 3,529.533 2,555,135 1,515 284.765 662,104 1,866,412 635,743 80.576,434 230,622 24,796,161 89,156 6,704,316 17.964 143.528 506,028 1,156.120 308.031 $476,094,663 1914 $41,761,106 105,287.972 10,577.516 9,796,159 28,303.023 24,498,404 3.338,020 2,038,733 2,037.436 659,081 554,585 3,740,933 1,643.130 1,156.338 3,189,383 2,145,324 1,676,352 1,382,887 303.758 364.753 549,376 456.189 45.537.996 164,334 13,819,298 94,300 2,900,591 3,601 88,185 295,499 55,173 141,799 $309,480,987 1916 $72,476,288 87,585,017 13,614,560 14,651,875 27,352.932 17,199,489 2,428,818 15,535,338 2,920.135 1,083,011 1,056,596 10,803,083 1.986.117 1,125.710 1.959.970 2.664.131 1,767.918 1.663 365.036 308,375 1,462,928 298,306 7,304,980 794.476 1,103,176 260,976 341,367 9,603 43,067 16.408 10,874 138,886 $293,181,713 1916 $102,708,966 99,074,764 19,234.270 21.788.129 34.496.914 24,248,081 3,976,238 10,540.663 3.342,962 1.533.334 1.911.374 9.103.207 3.263.435 2.138.865 2,669.137 3,394.315 1,345,461 448,806 707.410 443.156 1.818.853 390,065 567,244 670,256 446.937 41,750 16,319 81,000 20,257 16,869 16.389 86.932 $351,472,606 1917 $131,601,523 79.665.399 36.360.601 26.393.206 25.289,639 21,698,181 6,698,311 6,849,952 5.005.272 3.582.934 3.185,918 3,154,839 2.892.638 2.577.023 2.176.200 1,942.058 1,655,797 1,235,624 812,161 671,890 463,494 386,115 282.868 192.465 92,190 54,814 9,404 6,188 2,195 1.419 34 171,782 $364,979,122 1918 $163,398,000 120,500,000 47.621.600 40.295.200 19.280,000 26,064,000 4,338,000 6,157,400 7,037,200 8,001,200 14,652,800 3,084,800 3,084,800 3,181,200 867,600 3,856.000 1.831.600 11.327,000 $482,576,800 ARGENTINA 111 Imports under nineteen major classifications for five years, values in United States currency: Articles 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 Live animals Food products Tobacco. Wines, liquor and other bever- ages Textiles, and manufactures of. . Oils, grease, etc Chemicals and pharmaceutical products Paints, dyes, etc Timber, wood, straw, and man- ufactures of Paper and manufactures of ... . Hides, skins, and mfrs. of Iron, steel, and mfrs. of Other metals and mfrs. of Agriculture Locomotion, railway cars, equip- ment, carriages, automobiles, etc Earths, stone, glass, coal, etc. . . Building materials Electrical apparatus Miscellaneous Total $1,603,683 39,472,674 7.952.438 15,866.515 101,301.477 26.772,272 17,167,617 2,864,840 12.235,834 11,188,460 5,209,.563 56.541,541 16.010,307 10,310.103 42.059.381 41,426,135 40,423.543 11.393,890 16.270.377 $476,094,663 $1,416,676 26.556,208 6,727.142 9,257.713 59,794,075 22,831.997 12,649.008 1.902.051 6.673.262 8.441,473 3,019.641 40.029.619 8.707.906 3.687.973 26,139.803 32.844,556 20,420,257 7.996.729 10.377.203 $309,480,987 $1,702,363 29,145.877 7.940.596 8.478.608 67,107,770 46,699.032 13,684,245 1,865.125 5,442.008 7.525.204 2,716,811 24.093.548 7.858,173 8,459,405 8,783,384 25.701.652 15,421,423 4.844.175 5.974.899 $293,181,713 $3,991,177 42.044.276 7,064,932 8,712,297 106.138.765 25,338,251 20,203.801 2,778.226 15,169.370 11,699.858 3,540,781 33,938,912 11,947,809 9,106.937 ® 31.215.361 ® 5.396.406 13,275,395 $351,472,606 Note:—® Reclassified in 1916 and 1917. $4,841,545 67.738,832 11.199.304 8.188.758 93.799,378 29.728.898 19,161.318 3,256,995 12.348,388 12,298,225 2,984.734 36,570,280 14,344,666 12.315.641 ® 17,548.465 ® 5.603.200 13.050.480 $364,979,121 Percentages of total Argentine exports borne by exports to principal countries and on orders for six years: Countries 1912 Per Cent. 1913 Per Cent. 1914 Per Cent. 1915 Per Cent. United Kingdom United States . . . Germany France .,[ Belgium... . . . , , Brazil Netherlands Italy :; On orders . 25.3 6.7 11. 7. 7. 4. 3. 4. .3 .6 .8 .7 .3 .4 23.9 1916 Per Cent. 1917 Per Cent. 24.9 4.7 12.0 7.8 6.8 5.0 4.7 4.1 24.4 29.3 12.3 8.8 5.7 5.0 4.5 3.2 2.4 23.7 29.6 16.1 "7!2 '3'9 3.4 7.3 25.6 29 4 20.9 ii!9 "4!5 6.1 6.0 13.9 29.2 29.3 i3!2 '4;i 1.0 5.3 5.6 Five-year table of principal agricultural exports: Indian Corn Tons Flaxseed Tons Wheat Tons Oats Tons Bran Tons Wheat Tons 4.806,951 3.542,280 4,3.30,594 2.873,910 893,939 1,016.732 841.590 981,192 639,914 141,308 2.812.149 980,525 2..51 1.514 2.294.876 935,828 889,744 353,700 592,797 804,443 271.713 274,058 230.934 177,661 29,035 19,872 124,649 67,325 116,049 144,290 112.465 I 112 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS ARGENTINA 113 I Exports to principal countries of destination for five years is shown in the following table; values in United States currency: Countries 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 United States United Kingdom France $23,805,461 124.104,027 38,889.319 20.660.900 25.063,668 316,500 6,496,137 4,967,848 1,111,577 23,326,014 2,004,743 755,546 1,962,897 1,107,312 $47,570,171 113,165,217 22,125,368 9,452.580 17.401.589 162.589 5.226,315 2,664,484 2.028.533 12,377,980 1,266,219 858,289 1,346,604 1,855,788 $89,957,831 165,183,185 40,407,641 40.991,804 21,933,284 158,712 7,967,537 7,150,782 2.800.460 19.055.502 1,732.957 1.551.633 1,552,299 5.027.712 $114,940,938 162,800,168 65,566.266 27,495.967 24,810,802 2,546.761 6,570,660 8.673.291 4,180.897 27.843,394 1,381,639 6,171,960 3,025,974 10,213,425 154,177 $154,819,933 154.413.138 69.665,461 27.738,754 21.907.669 13.388.356 10.260.601 8,769.207 7,501,598 5.Q63.306 4.190.391 3.810.314 3.225.972 2.561.529 2.237.617 2.026.174 1.918.363 1.075.683 656.873 283.828 278.109 70.645 56,160 $159,156,400 294.791.400 109,932.000 Italy ;{8.752.800 Braail French Posscsaions 32,101,200 Uruguay Spain 14.460.000 22.943.200 Norway Netherlands . 4,01S,800 Chile Denmark . . . . . 8.290.400 Paraguay Sweden Switzerland 5,012.f-00 4,241.600 19,280 Japan 18.084 168.432 718.532 1.166,718 6.179 2,699,200 South Africa 58,848 277,272 852,822 362.124 932.721 519.964 281,703 265,151 800,285 856,697 4,723,600 British Possessions. . . . Bolivia Peru •••■. 289.200 Egypt 925,995 75,857 1,377,735 2,987,944 30.688 Cuba 658,040 552,609 626.821 120.549 375.766 12,915 282,770 151.684 141.006 19.393.721 1.525.325 34,045.498 91.533.749 831,800 227,391 1,002,287 289,200 Portugal Russia 289.200 Mexico 137,794 4,978,299 48,200 Australia Belgium 33.746.865 2.300.820 59.809.588 121,370,148 1,926,263 Austria-Hungary Germany On Orders 143,319,839 1,980.752 75.563.871 859.880 29,763,587 2.479,071 Other countries 71,750,520 Exports classified under six general heads for five years, currency: Values in United States Articles 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 Live animals and meat products Tanning products $171,846,568 309,718,424 10,947,566 200,733 1,873,307 3,925,925 $498,512,523 $168,110,541 204,240.504 10,235.050 92.915 1,462.251 2,767,442 $386,917,703 $219,060,524 313,2S4,198 19,036,042 180,5()6 2.047.216 5,386,690 $568,995,236 $273,852,485 247.256.821 22.739,166 1.20t).773 1,464,088 3,781,037 $650,300,370 $360,993,866 138,703,940 Forest products 17.035.420 Mine products 1.201.981 Hunting and fishing 1.376.2,37 Miscellaneous 8.852.810 Total $628,162,244 Exports of wool, hides and skins for five years: Year Wool Tons Sheep Skins Tons Cattle Hides Tons Horse Hides Tons Goat Hides Tons 1913 120.080 117.070 117.670 117.657 127.432 19.026 12.962 20.225 14.551 11.325 86,074 78.065 89.827 99,390 96.487 1.183 1.394 2,548 3,951 3,951 2,441 1914 1,632 1916 2,516 1916 3,213 1917 1,904 Meat exports for the five-year period, 1913-1917: Year Frosen Beef Tons Chilled Beef Tons Frozen Mutton Tons Canned Meats Tons - Jerked Beef Tons 1913 332,054 328,278 351,036 411,547 356,842 34.175 40,690 11.703 16.153 38.996 46,298 68,688 36.036 61.318 39.820 12.574 13.087 31.944 44.569 100.784 3.910 2.377 213 1.119 (a) 7.613 1914 1915 1916 1917 Note: (a) Includes salt beef and pork. Commercial Establishments According to the Argentine industrial census, there are 29,690 business houses in the city of Buenos Aires. The proprietorship according to nationality is as follows: Italian, 12,383; Spanish, 7,822; Argentine, 4,358; French, 983; Russian, 768; Turkish, 545; Uru- guayian, 404; German, 299; English, 163; Austrian, 132; Hebrew, 100; American, 44 Argentine and foreign, 713; others, 976. There are 11,132 industrial establishments in the city, divided according to the national- ity of the proprietors as follows: Italian, 4,970; Spanish, 1,869; Argentine, 1,664; French, 694; Russian, 419; Uruguayian, 172; German, 144; Argentine and foreign,'547; American' 7; others, 646. Details with respect to certain commercial lines are shown in the following table: Classification Number Employees Capital Clothing Men's and women's specialties Haberdashery Shoes and footwear in general Perfumery and soap Tobacco Notions and dry goods Furniture Groceries and foodstuffs Coffee, tea and yerba mat6 I^iquors Fruit stores .^ Booksellers and stationers. . . . . . . .' .".*.".. Phonographs anflf records ^^"t^inobiios and accessories Movmg-picture shows Pastry shops, caf^s, billiard rooms Hotels and restaurants Theaters Barbershops and hairdressing estabiishments laundries and cleaning establishments 1 Mines Jewelers Sewing machines. .. Hardware and tools . . "icycles ' ' pnjg stores and druggists' supplies'. '.['.'.'...'.'. Wectrical supplies and lighting fixtures V oai yards llmfi^T""-^' *^"*'"'^"'"8^l 'mpiements.'f tc . .' Building and constniction materials.' ." J hennoal products and oils Iron dealers ... Stoamship agencies. ". ucpartmrnt stores and shoi^! .' .' .' .' ." ." .' .' .' .* ." .' ] ." 208 39 269 898 109 807 1,530 344 0,100 57 598 432 953 51 173 113 58 1,381 23 1,932 169 880 283 34 419 65 493 119 1,323 111 89 99 32 19 71 389 19.826 123 1.493 1,525 283 1,116 6,219 1,492 12,267 357 1,507 591 999 126 2,096 896 3,610 8.858 310 3,104 1.435 1.445 701 256 2.582 114 5.156 1.027 1.503 3,268 980 519 298 164 879 1,336 $16,866,878 244.423 7.181,256 2.151.367 1.247.678 2.052,711 16.005.136 4,301.769 39.047.124 1.784.060 6.598.271 390,760 3.361.090 1.406.099 7,879,547 1.370,520 6,070,167 11.9.38.692 8.920.926 1.319.S44 1,594.622 2,310.274 6,378.863 519.420 16,632.894 186.218 9.755,489 3,001,018 1,485.630 18.698,615 4.771,329 1.523.619 18.698.615 4.212.959 17.131,191 5,588,550 r 114 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Santa Fe: Number of commercial establishments, 9,582; amount of capital invested, $108,299,313; number of persons employed, 29,351. Cordoba: Number of commercial establishments, 6,411; amount of capital invested, $66,025,505; number of persons employed, 18,873. Mendoza: Number of commercial establishments, 4,117; amount of capital invested, $23,561,147; number of persons employed, 8247. San Juan: Number of commercial establishments, 1,544; amount of capital invested, $7,935,402; number of persons employed, 2,189. Clearing House Returns Total clearing house returns 1916, 1917 and 1918, with first ten months of 1919: 1916. 1917. $1,580,536,697 8,759,911,648 1918 1919 (10 months). $12,390,343,039 11,411,428,434 Liabilities of failures in Argentina during the first ten months of 1919 amounted to $11,275,110, as compared with $14,398,188 during the corresponding period in 1918. Production and Industry The chief source of Argentina's wealth are her pastoral and agricultural industries. The following table shows the number of animals reported in the live stock census of 1908 and the estimated number for the year 1915: Live Stock 1908 1911 I-ive Stock 1908 1915 Cattle. Horses Mules. Goats . 29,116,125 7,531.376 465.037 3,245.086 29,500.000 9.700.000 .580.000 4.520.000 Sheep Asses . Pigs. . 67,211.754 285.088 80.000.000 340.000 3,050,000 Cattle and sheep are raised on the pampas and also in the north and south of the country. In Patagonia the industry is practically confined to sheep-raising. The province of Buenos Aires contams over 70 per cent, of the total number of sheep in the republic. A large number of pedigreed animals are constantly imported. For the period 1901-1914 these imports were estimated as follows: cattle, 12,761; sheep; 34,597; horses 5,558; pigs, 2,488. Ten meat-freezing establishments are now in operation in the Province of Buenos Aires, which in 1916 slaughtered 1,925,281 head of cattle; 2,3:M,937 sheep, and 64,996 pigs. The 10 establishments represented an invested capital of $106,719 783 (United States cur- rency) ; employed 15,492 employees; 939 machines, of which .585 are operated by electricitv, 158 by hydraulics, and 196 by steam, the combined horsepower being 28,922. There are, besides, meat-freezing and canning establishments at Rio Gallegos, San Julien, Puerto Deseado, and the erection of a similar plant in Tierra del Fuego is projected. ARGENTINA 115 Exports of wool for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1917, amounted to 349,622 bales, compared with 299,207 bales in 1915-16, 304,517 bales in 1914-15 and 305,606 bales in 1913-14. The United States purchased nearly two-thirds of the supply in 1916-1917. Sheepskins to the amount of 29,081 bales were exported during the first seven months of 1917, as compared with 19,226 bales in the corresponding period of 1916, and 34,807 bales for the year 1916; 44,445 bales for the year 1915, 29,602 bales for the year 1914, and 41,541 bales for the year 1913. The dairy industry is rapidly assuming importance, and large quantities of butter and cheese are being exported to Europe. The number of dairies in the country is estimated at 1,259, which produce milk valued at $11,750,000. Casein is produced and successfully marketed; the production in 1912 amoimting to 11,590,144 pounds. The total area under cultivation in 1914 was 60,829,305 acres; the distribution of the principal crops over a period of years is indicated by the following table: Grains 1900-1901 1913-1914 1914-1915 1915-1916 1916-1917 Acres Acres Acres Acres Acres Wheat 8,352.000 1,501,000 2,493,500 80,500 16,243,500 4,257,500 10,260,000 2,869,000 15,471,000 4,262,500 10,386,000 2,821,500 16,420,000 4,000,500 9,928,500 2,565,000 Linoeed 16,089,000 Maise 3,207,500 Oata 8,969,000 2,525,000 The tonnage of grain exported during 1915 and 1916 is indicated by the foUowing table: Grains 1915 1916 Grains 1915 Wheat. Linseed Maiie.. 1916 2,448,724 1,001,542 4.349,951 2,273,205 638,654 2,864,209 Oats.., Barley . 691,212 76,946 784,734 63,032 The Argentme census of 1914 recorded 1,074,964 owners of real estate in the repubUc as follows: Argentinians, 673,409; ItaUans, 203,000; Spaniards, 104,339; French, 22 105* Uruguayans 13,973; Russians, 9,687; Austrians, 8,666; Ottomans, 7,709; Swiss, 4730- Germans, 4,711; English, 4,344; othez., 17,791. With respect to niral pro^^'y hold: Tuu .!?"*'''** ^"^"^ °^ ^^^ ^P°^^ *^^ '^^^r of these holdings as 190 945' of which 60 per ^nt were exploits by the owners, 30 per cent, by tenants and 8 per ;5ent: on jomt ownership (share cultivation). CAr^rT^^'f^V^^^^i^^J'''^ *^^ ^^""^^ '^^^^ (Provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa F^, C6rdoba, Entre Rios and the territory of Pampa Central) : , ^ re, Harvest 1906-1907. 1910-1911. Owners Tenants Share Cultivation 18,476 21,546 31,029 36,458 7,551 7,107 116 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS The following table shows the comparative distribution of, holdings in three provinces and the territory of Pampa, with respect to size of holdings (amounts in hectares; 10 hectares equal 24.71 acres). Number of Holdings Size of Holdings in Hectares Province of Buenos Aires Province of Cordoba Province of Santa F6 Territory of Panipa 10 to 25 14000 14191 9248 3850 4940 3256 2530 1649 6682 306 5671 5045 5280 2658 3872 1685 992 619 268 147 6876 6830 7276 3020 2545 1263 768 666 908 136 583 423 2174 37 330 612 1412 445 431 172 26 to 50 51 to 100 201 to 300 301 to 650 651 to 1250 1251 to 2500 2501 to 5000 5001 to 10,000 1000 and upwards Totals 62119 31969 37360 7170 In the province of Mendoza, the seat of the wine industry, which in 1916 produced 99,334,745 gallons of wine, the average holdings are smaller, and the distribution is indicated by the following table: Sise of Holdings in Hectares Number of Holdings 1912 1902 Sixe of Holdings in Hectares Number of Holdings 1912 1902 1 to 4.. 6 to 9.. 10 to 25. 25 to 50. 51 to 100 101 to 200 201 to 300 301 to 650 5093 2964 2234 849 2198 831 738 468 632 333 453 266 178 112 309 221 651 to 1250 1251 to 2500 2500 to 5000 5001 to 10,000. . . 10,000 and upward Total 158 162 105 50 137 12647 160 128 121 69 167 6680 The sugar industry is rapidly developing. The first sugar mill was established in the Province of Tucuman in 1840. At present there are 38 mills, 27 in the Province of Tucu- man, 3 in Jujuy, 3 in the Territory of Chaco, 2 in Santa Fd and 1 each in Salta, Corrientes and Formosa. The total amount of cane handled in 1913 was 3,131,018 tons, of which 2,611,114 tons was handled by the mills in Tucuman, 399,790 tons by those in Jujuy, 65,170 tons by those in the Chaco, 27,008 tons by those in Santa F6, 19,026 tons by those in Salta, 7,108 tons by those in Corrientes and 928 tons by those in Formosa. The total amount of sugar produced in that year was 276,140 tons. The total land under cultivation to sugar amounts to 250,000 acres of which approximately 85 per cent, are located in Tucu- man, 9 per cent, in Jujuy and the rest is scattered. The principal forest resources of Argentina are in the Provinces of Santa F6, Santiago del Estero, C6rdoba and Tucuman, and in the Territory of Chaco. Rich timber lands also exist in western and southern Patagonia, which cover relatively large areas. The quebracho is the most valuable tree found; it has been used extensively for railway sleepers and ties, and for the extraction of tannin. In former years Great Britain purchivsed the largest amount of quebracho extract, but the United States has gradually replaced her as a purchaser. In June, 1917 the United States purchased 8,224,380 pounds; Great Britain ARGENTINA 117 5,782,966 pounds; France, 5,663,660 pounds; Norway, 2,425,062 pounds; Italy, 2,262,698 pounds; Spain, 44,092 pounds. Exports of quebracho extract and quebracho logs during recent years are shown by the following table: (amounts in Argentine gold pesos, or oro sellado, 1 peso equals $0.9648 United States currency) : Quobracho Extract Quebracho Logs Yean Tons Gold Pesos Tons Gold Pesos 1901 4,310 30,839 68.431 74,910 79,684 80,153 100.213 431,000 2,162,9.50 4.980,027 4,836,860 4,974,687 5,186,946 15,873,372 198,920 230,100 438,219 279,342 383,964 291,942 209,679 1,989,200 3,425,101 6,897,435 3,568,557 4,988,349 3,777,124 2,684,408 1906 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 Petroleum production is increasing in Argentina, largely because of the coal shortage incident to the war. There are four regions in which petroleum is known to occur as follows : at Comodoro Rivadavia, located in the vicinity of the Atlantic port of that name about 850 miles south of Buenos Aires; the Salta Jujuy field in northwestern Argentina in the provinces of those names; the Cachueta field a few miles south of Mendoza, and the Mendoza-Neu- quen field 600-800 miles southwest of Buenos Aires. The chief field at present worked is that at Comodoro Rivadavia, which in 1916 yielded 820,000 barrels. The yield in this field since the inception of operations in 1907 has been as follows: 1907, 101 barrels* 1908 11,472 barrels; 1909, 18,431 barrels; 1910, 20,753 barrels; 1911, 13,119 barrels; 1912, 47,007 barrels, 1916, 820,000 barrels. Of other minerals, tungsten, gold, copper, borax and wolfram have been the most important developed. The total mineral exports from Argentina in the ten years from 1908-1918 were less than $2,880,000. The total gold production from 1909 to 1913, inclusive, was estimated at $832,400. Copper exists in the Andean ridges, sulphur in Mendoza, coal in Mendoza, Neuquen and Patagonia, tungsten in San Luis, San Juan and La Roja. Although Argentina is engaged primiarily in pastoral and agricultural industries, rather than manufactures, manufacturing has developed moderately, as the following table indicates : Kind of Industry Meat packing houses Flour mills Svigar refineries Preparation of wine Bakeries Foundries and metal works. .... C igarette factories jDairies, cheese factories, etc Tailors Leather shoes Saw nulls ..!..!.!. Extracts of tannin and preparation of firewood Jute and cotton sacics. ........... Uthographers and printers Breweries... Number of Efltab- lishments 13 401 44 4,317 3,242 1,177 55 8,161 3,085 231 305 493 24 938 29 Capital Invested $39,521,561 36.878,953 51,055,362 77,658,543 13,364,840 25.389,184 13,.'>.52,383 42.833,791 14,365,803 9,126.084 8,940,018 33,212,346 8,970.475 12,338,093 13,702,876 Total Production $114,004,927 63,282,112 59.754,304 36,248,745 34,709,770 24,987,634 22,471.474 22,439,534 21,554.202 20.884,830 19,220,005 17,778.903 16,200,4«)6 15.409,435 15,163,839 Raw Horse- Material power Consumed used $98,109,228 24,287 52,038,119 26,531 34,438,136 57,511 17.449,659 14,651 19.236,188 6,514 12,851,834 14,161 6,553,601 1,191 12,.565,114 3,317 14,750,637 34 11,800,976 2,. 388 14,059,505 13,514 12,874 1,248 13,739,672 5,380,739 2.985 3,366,630 8.680 Number of Persons Employed 14.867 4.909 14.685 16,362 27,105 16,109 4.295 28.589 21.380 12.869 7,378 19,616 1,808 11.491 2.509 t (Continued on page 118) : III! 118 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Table — Cmtinued: Kind of Industry No. Capital Production Raw Material H. P. No. Em- ployees Carpentry, painting and horse- shoeing Liquors Tanneries Woodworking Cotton and woolen mills Furniture, trunks, and tapestry . . . Leather goods Brick kilns Preparation of herva mattfi Soap factories Clothing, etc Chocolate and candy Wagons and carriages Macaroni and pastes Ice and aerated waters Rope and cloth shoes Match factories Crackers and cakes Jewelry, watches, etc Hats Paper and cardboard mills Alcohol Dressmakers Tinsmiths, etc Preparing and refining oil Fishing Coffee roasters, etc Cigars and tobacco Confectionery Glass factories Gas fitters, etc Cleaners and dyers Artistic iron work Petroleum refineries Washing wool Ore smelting Preparation of salted hides Construction companies Paving companies Light and power companies Grain elevators Other 4,681 326 189 736 81 1,058 986 953 31 294 448 299 1,270 332 742 241 16 207 769 92 11 187 574 974 22 4 54 179 185 16 353 124 35 1 10 29 8 197 14 305 19 6,971 48,779 9,970,046 8,984,383 8,396,155 4,843,097 9,155,267 9,242,590 5,349,305 7,545,538 3,137,775 4,111,091 5,698.993 4,672,106 6,437.754 4,601,288 7,973,585 3,714,781 975.163 2,800,278 4,198,454 2,671,231 4,922,945 3,935,447 2,474,434 1,930,730 1,759,411 1,957,295 1,537,225 1,579.330 1,493,698 2,479,875 3,215,845 1,478,283 978,308 3,187,500 673,731 8,741,770 68,425 10,587,395 3,853,914 127,785,724 8,641,962 47,173.084 $759,756,475 15,150,120 13,775,247 13,655,719 12,503,539 10,722,594 9,771,501 9,746,658 9,383,312 9,328,448 9,123,774 8,772,495 8,761,916 8,519,805 8,261,764 7,290,569 7,133,657 5,951,700 4.451.572 4,098,250 3,662,194 3,616,611 3,364,134 3,300,508 2,878,153 2,750,706 2,416,961 2,300,725 2,162,705 2,024,445 1,807.950 1,803,173 1,455,873 1,434,744 1,062,500 1,038,545 744,987 209.950 ' 5,397,766 62,847,327 $791,260,627 6,257,618 7,621,173 8,933.491 6,674,605 5,993,741 3,798,159 5,968,603 2,126.196 5.327.953 6,340.394 4,420,091 6,108,327 3,698,430 5,792,369 2,772,847 3,892,221 1,508,819 2,369,431 1,922,813 1,825,152 1,914,971 128,775 1,110,719 1,053,603 1,987,128 10,625 1.642,618 1,111,775 1,126,378 537,838 702,638 201,358 622.541 637.500 748,256 4.260 169.788 3,056,876 33,614,817 $461,881,333 3.970 1,518 5,416 6,906 5,887 2,206 326 2,090 1,128 964 657 2,337 3,882 4,216 7,965 1,097 610 588 43 1,298 10,860 1.456 16 133 969 17 191 96 113 269 26 1,031 242 266 886 797 66 666 140 391,969 6,137 18,479 678,767 18.464 3,036 3,474 6,903 8,384 8,101 5,497 10,485 1.051 2.092 4.986 3.854 8,291 3.880 3,864 4,764 3,094 2,062 2,231 2,362 1,901 1,133 3.754 3,071 468 278 617 2.826 1.866 2.136 2.321 1.641 827 220 265 793 46 7,664 1.932 9.916 1,666 48,093 410.201 There were in addition, 71 telephone companies, capitalized at $2,085,017, employing 4,494 persons; 143 banks, capitalized at $217,332,260, employing 10,834 persons; 85 insur- ance companies, capitalized at $17,103,633, employing 1,549 persons. Shipping and Navigation: In 1916 the registered shipping consisted of 238 steamers over 100 tons, of 181,929 tons. Railways: In December, 1917, there were approximately 22,500 miles of railway open for traflBc in Argentina, of which some 3,819 miles belonged to the state. The valuation of the privately owned railways is placed at $1,171,052,360; that of the state owned lines, $146,880,000. The investment of Great Britain in the privately owned lines amounts to $960,000,000. There were, in December, 1915, 7,086 locomotives, 6,279 passenger train cars, and 161,669 freight cars in service on all lines throughout the republic. The passenger density at Buenos Aires may be gauged by the fact that approxi- mately 500 outboimd passenger trains leave the city daily. Argentine is the ninth country of the world in respect to railway development. ARGENTINA 119 The following table shows the quantity of roUing stock owned by each of the large companies in 1913, the la.st pre-war year: Railroads Locomotives Passenger Cars Freight and other Cars Total Central Argentine Buenos Aires Great Southern Buenos Aires Pacific Buenos Aires Western Cordoba Central Central Norte Province of Santa Fe Province of Buenos.Aires General Railroad Entre Rios Argentine del Norte Argentine Northeastern Rosario Puerto Belgrano Buenos Aires Central La Plata & Meridiano Quinto Buenos Aires Midland Central Railway of Ch&but Total 620 627 742 327 267 387 160 104 84 66 68 44 38 21 34 6 3,595 651 786 409 348 323 206 147 98 94 100 74 28 25 25 33 7 3,354 31,233 15,200 12,651 9,747 6,960 6,537 5,604 2,566 2,168 1,829 1,136 1,094 1,016 923 869 86 89,619 22,504 16,613 13,802 10,422 7,550 7,130 6,911 2,768 2,346 1,995 1,278 1,166 1.079 969 936 99 96,568 Money, Weights and Measures: The peso nacional or dollar of 100 centavos is the monetary unit. The gold peso has a par value of $0,965 in U. S. currency. Theoretically, gold is the standard of value. The money in circulation is, however, chiefly paper, the paper peso being convertible by law into gold at the rate of $0.44 gold. During the war conversion of paper was suspended. The paper money is known as moneda nacional, and is designated thus: $ M. N. The theoretical gold peso is known as oro sellado and is designated thus $ O. S. Silver dollars are coined, and there is a subsidiary coinage of 20, 10 and 5 centavo nickel coins, and fractional copper coins. The metric system has been legally obUgatory since 1887. Consular Representatives: United States Consular officials are stationed m Buenos Aires and Rosario. Argentina consular officials are stationed at Mobile, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Apalachicola, Femandina, Pensacola, Brunswick, Savannah, Chicago, New Orleans Pori^ land, Baltimore, Boston, Pascagoula, St. Louis, New York City, Philadelphia, Manila San Juan (P. R.), Port Arthur, Newport News, and Norfolk (Va.) ' Language: Spanish. Local Advertising Media: There are in Argentina between 425 and 475 publications regularly issued, whose cir- oulations range from a few thousand to over 100,000. With the exception of the newspapers, practically all of those are published in Buenos Aires. As advertising media, however, ther^ need be considered only about ten newspapers in Buenos Aires and four principal dailies n. the largest cities in the interior, some ten general magazines, about thirty trade and professional reviews, an English daily and an English weekly. Extensively used media are posters and signs in railway stations, also billboards and electric signs. 120 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Shipping Routes: Lamport and Holt Line. Norton Line. Barber Steamship Lines. Houston Line. • Prince Line. American and Rio Plata Line. New York and South American Line. Wilhelmson Steamship Line (Kerr Steamship Co., Inc.) Customs Tariff: »„H Jk ^ m'*w *!'"'^,P™""="' "<" ''''<'' than the diy preceding the sadmg of the steamer. Packages may be marked with either a stencil or a brush Sh,ppmg mark, number and name of the steamer should be marked on two adjacent s"dt of the package The consul charges $2.10 for the certification of elchit of ttel biUs of ladmg and certificate of origin. Certification of each extra bill of iZZm ^^ Cert.ficat.on of parcels receipts costs 10.50. Certification of health certificate Ci.Sfn meat and vegetable products, seeds, ete., costs $2.00. "=quirea on Cable Rates: From New York City, $0.50 per word. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: About 25 days by direct steamer. Parcel Post: Parcel post service extends to Argentina. Catalogues should not be sent parcels post Rates, $0.12 ,.r pound or fraction thereof. Limit of weight, U pounds. tZ^S^ the customs declaration must be attached to each package. A delivery charge or surt7. of 0.30 peso (29 cents) is collected on all packages. Packages cannoll^ r^Z Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Valid. BOLIVIA 121 N i i 200 300 .^00 500 BOLIVIA An inland republic of South America bounded by Brazil, Peru, Chile, Argentina and ^araguay. In area it is about twice the size of Texas. The capital and principal city. ^ Paz, 18 approxunately the size of Savannah, Georgia. TnJ^^^^ *^^ exception of a very smaU comer in the extreme south, BoUvia lies within the orna zone. But its climate is not tropical, owing to the great altitude of the country. WpI^'Tk . PoP^ation Uves at an altitude of from 8,000 to 16,000 feet above sea ievei. 1 he wmter months are from March to October. The principal industry of BoUvia is mining, and the chief mineral products are tin, LnlT'^^^'"' tungsten, silver and bismuth, of which latter Bolivia is the world's most of On, ^^T ""^ ^"PP^^- ^^ principal mines are located in the vicinity of the cities shinr^V^ r^^^' ^"^^^ ^ ^^ important product of the Beni district, and is largely citv nf ♦K u?''^^*''*'"^™' """^ *^® Madeira-Mamore RaUway into Brazil. The principal is an ^ '''^^'" ^*"^* ^ RTberalta. The district surrounding the city of Cochabamba important agricultural center, producing wheat, corn, and fruits. The southeastern 1 122 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS BOLIVIA portion of Bolivia, although sparsely populated, is destined to become an important cattle- raising country. The principal commercial center of the country is the city of La Paz. Bolivia may be reached from the ports of Mollendo, or Arica, in Peru and Antofagasta in Chili. From MoUendo the distance to La Paz is some 520 miles, and the trip takes a little less than two days, including an overnight trip by boat across Lake Titicaca, the highest inland sea in the world. The distance from Arica to La Paz, the shortest route from the Pacific, is 278 miles, and the trip takes from eighteen to twenty hours, direct railway connections being maintained between the two cities. La Paz is 711 miles by rail from Antofagasta, and through trains are operated to Oruro, where a change is made for La Paz. La Paz will eventually have direct railroad communication with Buenos Aires; about 125 miles of line remain to be built to link the cities. The journey at present requires a week. The route to Bolivia via the Amazon and Maderia Rivers from the Atlantic coast to Brazil is not practicable for the traveller, since long distances must be covered by mule. The per capita imports of Bolivia in 1918 amounted to $6.50, and it is estimated that the United States was the source of 37 per cent, of the total imports of that year. Per capita exports in the same year amounted to $34.00, and it is estimated that the United States took 41 per cent, of the total exports of that year. Area and Population The area of BoUvia is estimated at from 473,560 to 704,195 square miles. It is the most sparsely populated of any of the American republics. The total population (estimated 1916) is 2,093,925. The capital of the RepubUc of Bohvia, in so far as the seat of govern- ment action is concerned, is La Paz, which has a population of 82,000. The next city in size is Cochabamba with 30,000 inhabitants. Sucre, with a population of 25,088 is the legal capital of the republic. Potosi, one of the highest cities in the world, the seat of the National Supreme Court and the Archbishopric, and noted for its silver mines, has a population of 25,000. The following table gives the area and population of the eight Departments and the three national territories of Bolivia, together with the population of their capitals, which are the principal cities of the republic. Departments and Territories Area Population Capital Census 1900 Estimated 1916 Population La Paz 40,686 25,288 45,031 144,941 36,132 31.567 20.657 95,354 74,499 445,616 328,163 325,615 209,592 204,434 102,887 86,081 32.180 10.000 517,316 366.395 395.738 210.000 240.720 102.887 160.000 35.816 65.053 Ta Pa« Cochabamba Potosi Santa Crui Sucre Tarija Oruro Trinidad 82.000 30.000 2t 0Q2 Cochabamba Potosi Santa Crua 22.002 25.088 8.376 25.000 5,152 ChuQuisaca Tarija Oruro El Beni Territorio Nacional de Cqlonias del Noroeste . Territorio Nacional de Colonias del Gran Chaco Delegacion Nacional en el Oriente Totals 514,155 1,744,568 2.093.925 222.710 In 1900 there were 920,864 Indians, (50.90 per cent, of the total population), 486,018 mixed, (26.70 per cent, of the total), 3,945 negroes, (0.21 per cent, of the total), 170,936 unclassified, (9.40 per cent, of the total), and 231,088 whites, (12.70 per cent, of the total). 123 Commerce The value of the total foreign trade of Bolivia in 1918 was $84,868,968; imports were valued at $13,649,956, an exports at $71,219,012. Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Bolivia for 11 years: Year ended Exports Imports Per «ent. free Excess of exports (♦) of imports (-) June 30 Domestic Foreign Total Free Dutiable Total 1909 1910 $792,579 603.721 891.593 991,255 939,501 1,143,792 543,316 1,287.596 2.871,879 3.516.054 $112 $792,691 603,721 891,024 991,525 940,744 1,145,555 550,600 1,314,676 2,925,530 3.681,395 6.731,916 $16 10 210 0.845 12 2 $122 179 117 39 338 68 290 517 28,524 1.140 $138 189 327 9,884 850 70 290 204,904 44,161 122,917 700,253 11.60 5.29 64.22 99.61 3.43 2.86 99.75 35.41 99.07 ^ ♦$792,553 ♦603,532 ♦891,297 "»981,641 ♦940,394 ♦1,145,485 ♦550,310 ♦1,109,772 ♦2,881,369 ♦3,458,478 ♦6,031,633 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 31 270 1.243 1,763 7,284 27,080 53,651 65,341 1916 1917 1918 1919 204,387 15,637 121,777 Value of the total foreign trade of BoUvia for 7 years: Year Imports Exports Total Year Imports Exports Total 1912 1913 1914 1915 $19,308,506 21,357,505 15,506,876 $8,804,081 $35,147,964 36,551,390 25,662,447 $37,132,037 $54,456,470 57,908,895 41,169.323 $45,936,118 1916 1917 1918 12,128,304 13,057,524 13,649.956 39.579,072 61,521.741 71.219,012 51,707,376 74,579.265 84,868,968 Imports by countries of origin for six years: 1913 1914 1915 Umted States... Chile Peru .'; ■ United Kingdom. Argentina BraiU ; France []][ Spain. . . Italy '.'.'..'.'. China '/'' Reljrium..]] Portugal ...."!;;; Uruguay. , India '" Denmark ^>ermany. Netherlands.""" Other countries. . Total. 1916 1917 1918® $1,577,200 2,168,194 1.180,045 4,329.659 1.286.734 388,004 802.664 240,150 508,248 32,993 881,163 53,630 28,916 1,176 7,'835.632' 1.444 41.113 $21,367,505 $1,808,333 2,140,045 1,114,845 3,045,416 1,006,137 308,340 412,754 206,084 297,677 52,111 899,466 25,618 16,083 5,512 '4,143,867" 24,588 Note $15,606,876 $1,858,854 1,315,562 1,665,695 4,417,333 575,589 324,433 165,592 95,864 239,828 54,961 360,495 3,320 4,218 65,736 18,880 419,551 208,157 10,013 $8,804,081 $3,663,971 2,488,451 1,667,566 1,617,029 824,434 374,567 246,428 173,409 180,184 49,137 648,261 10,769 11,310 50,357 33,607 14,829 23,306 60,689 $12,128,304 $4,355,285 3,074,451 1,743,286 1,583,921 841,384 456,625 286,400 239,440 164,808 121,785 37,610 21,080 19,146 13,197 10,138 5,969 5,926 77,073 $5,100,000 1,600,000 250,000 250,000 : ® Values of import* from principal countries in 1918 are estimated. $13,057,524 $13,649,956 124 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS ; i Exports by countries of destination for six j'ears: 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 United Kingdom United States $29,548,088 218,195 230,302 1,783,017 356,400 12,722 38.273 5,319 802 239 3,109,758 1,237,172 11,103 $20,255,138 956,476 483,774 1.036,425 345,344 395,199 5,009 391 3,715 2,193 1,439,078 736,189 3,116 $25,988,368 9,757.058 291.418 318,749 364.971 30,912 9,391 64,774 51,991 29,392 25,013 $25,746,341 11,268,692 893,()11 426,520 948,192 80,852 26,751 178,836 6,299 468 $35,225,550 22,193,030 1,187,541 1,672.630 944,880 129,073 81,154 77,234 6,738 864 $29,634,231 35.502.677 1,075.407 113,950 3,731.876 199.413 © 868.872 Chile France Argentina Peru Uruguay Brazil Spain Italy © Germany Belgium Other countries 2.510 3.047 92.586 Total $36,551,390 $25,662,447 $37,132,037 $39,579,072 $61,521,741 $71,219,012 Note: © Included in other countries. The principal exports of Bolivia are tin, ore, rubber, silver, copper ore, bismuth, coca, wolfram, zinc, cattle hides and lead ore. The principal imports are iron and steel products, machinery, arms and ammunition, coal, railway supphes, textiles, (cotton and wool), silk goods, ready-made clothes, provisions, sugar, flour, aerated waters and wines. Although the country has no coast line, and therefore no seaports, it is easily reached by three routes on the Pacific. The first of these is from Arica, Chile, to La Paz (274 miles), by railway, which is by far the shortest and quickest route. From MoUendo, Peru, by rail to Puno, thence to Guaqui, Bohvia across Lake Titicaca, and from Guaqui to La Paz by rail, makes a total distance of 525 miles. The third route is from Antofagasta, Chile, to La Paz, BoHvia, covering a distance of 719 miles. The country may also be reached from the Atlantic Ocean by steamers from Para up the Amazon and Madeira Rivers and the Mamore-Madeira Railway to Villa Bella, a distance of 2,152 miles. Production and Industry ' There are about 5,000,000 acres under cultivation. Wheat, corn, barley and potatoes are grown for domestic consumption, but agriculture in general is in a backward condition, due in part to the poverty and ignorance of a large majority of the population, and to the prevailing antiquated methods pursued. Coca, quina are exported to Argentine and Chile; cocoa and coffee, grown near La Paz and especially Cochabamba, which is the center of the agricultural district, are to some extent exported. Bolivia is second to Brazil in point of rubber production in South America. It is produced in the Departments of Beni, Santa Cruz, parts of La Paz and Cochabamba, and in the national territories. In 1918, 5,843,213,260 kilograms of rubber were exported. The mineral deposits of Bohvia, the source of the country's greatest wealth, are abundant, including silver, tin, copper, bismuth, lead, molybedenum, wolfram and tungsten. The total value of mineral production for six years is shown by the following table: 1910 1911 1912 $18,236,542 1913 23,948,862 1914 27,GS9.68-> 1915 $30,964,855 20.579.613 29,762,966 Bolivia produces one-quarter of the world's output of tin, being, next to the Malay Peninsula, the largest single producer of tin. Statistics of tin pro» »»«u Advertising matter carried by travellers is taxed as follows: On pasteboard, tin. brass. . . . $0.15 per pound 0.03 " Those with colored cuts Any advertisements in frames of wood or pasteboard $0,046 per pound 0.076 " Consular Regulations: mente "ir B.r''- ^'T'^' ^'^'"^^" ^' Argentine consular documents are required for ship- Spanth Fn^r* "^'"^ ''"'"^"' ^^""^^^^ "^ ^^«^^^^^ ^"^ must be made fn shipment vkPe'nrr'' "7'"'""'^ ^^' '^^'^'''' ^'^ ^^^^"*^^^' ^^^-^' ^"^ Chile; five for Certification of .n^" i^^P'"^?^ »"^«^«^ ««st $1.00 per set of five and $1.20 per set of six. «80 Lr Z^ r Lr. '"' '''''' ^^-^^ ^""^ ''^'^ ''^ ^'^ «»^iP"^^^t« ^'-^I^^d at less than Coriificattn of exir' ^ ' ^'J ^'^"'',' ^^ '''''' "^ *^^ ^^^""^ ''^"^^ ^" ^^e consular invoice. for Bo^virL '^^^^^ cop.es of consular invoices costs $1.00 per copy. Consular invoices i^ouvia must state the Custom House destination if thei-e is no Custom House at the 126 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS BRAZIL 127 place of consignment. Packages should be marked "En transito a Bolivia" (in transit to Bolivia), to avoid payment of double duty. Customs house clearance must be submitted with bills of lading and consular invoices; as must the manufacturers original biUs as a con- firmation of value declared in the consular invoices. Consular invoices must bear the name of both the consignee at port of transhipment, and consignee at point of final destination. The consul keeps no copy of the bill of lading, but four copies of consular invoice are required for shipment via Argentina, Brazil and Chile, and five copies for shipment via Peru. Packages must be marked with a stencil for shipment via Chile, and with either stencil or brush for shipment via Argentina, Brazil or Peru. Consular Representatives: The United States has a consul and vice-consul at La Paz. Bolivia has consular representatives in New York, Chicago, Baltimore, New Orleans, Mobile, Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, Boston, Kansas City, Philadelphia, Norfolk and Seattle. Cable Rates: Fifty cents per word from New York or New England states. Postal Rate: Postal Union rates. Postal Time: Varies; service through other countries. Parcels Post: Service extends to Bolivia: Limit of weight, 11 pounds. Prohibitions: Arms and ammunition; tobacco; plants in baskets; gold and silver and jewels, nickel or silver coins. International Reply Coupons: Not issued. Money Orders: Issued. BRAZIL ChUe* '^ff 11° ^ ^'^^ *"*""* "^""^^ ^^ *" «>« ^""' American countries except Uni^ sLfi fiJ largest country in the world, its area being greater than that of the shoreTin. f "i"^* '^'^*' """^ '''^•' *^«» the size of France. The country has the ;ec3 i!^;'":" 9'"'^'"^ °' I>«t~'*' •'"t «»»"» than Philadelphia. Sao Paulo. Kcond largest city, is approximately the same size as Baltimore, Md. are iuTth.*" '*" gfograpWcal position on and south of the equator the seasons in BrazU DecTber ^m'^k .°" °^- ^"'^ " ^™" September to December, summer from «^Der to March, autumn from March to June, and winter from June to September 128 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS BRAZIL The latitude in Brazil has little to do with the climate. Variation in altitude is re- sponsible for a wide variation in temperature between two places in the same latitude. At a given altitude midsummer heat is as great in any part of Brazil as it is at the same altitude at a point near the equator. The winters in the extreme south are, in general, colder than in the far north. Unlike Argentina, Brazil has no one city which dominates the life of the country as does Buenos Aires. Commercially, Brazil is divided into three regions; the region of the Amazon in the north, the principal city being Para; the central region, of which the principal cities are Pernambuco and Bahia, and the southern region, including Rio de Janeiro, Santos and Porto Alegre. This geographical division is the result, not only of the tremendous area of the country, but of the reliance upon steamship service between many of the coastal stations. Coffee is the principal product of Brazil. The country is rich in mineral resources, which are beginning to be extensively exploited. Cattle raising is increasing in importance. The principal manufacturing industry is the weaving of textiles. The per capita foreign trade amounted in 1918 to $23.63; imports, $10.52; exports, $13.11. The United States supplied 35 per cent, of the imports and took 34 per cent, of the exports. Area and Population The estimated population of Brazil is 24,000,000; its density is estimated at 2.8 per square mile. The following table indicates the area and population of the twenty states. Federal District, and Territory of Acre, and the population of the principal cities: Alagdas Amazonas Bahia Cear6 Espirito Santo Goyaz Maranhao Matto Grosso Minas Geraes Pard Parahyba Parand Pernambuco Piauhy Rio de Janeiro Rio Grande do Norte Rio Grande do SuJ . . Santa Catharina. . . . Sao Paulo Sergipe Federal District Acre Territory Total Area Sq. Miles 22,583 732,439 164,643 40,247 17.312 288,536 177,561 532.683 221.951 443.903 28,854 85,451 49.573 116,523 26,634 22,195 91,333 28,632 112.307 15,093 538 73,009 3.292,000 Population 78.5,000 387.000 3,000,000 886,000 297,000 280.000 562.000 142.000 4,500.000 568.000 520,000 406,000 2,000,000 400,000 968,000 279,000 1,400,000 353,000 4,500.000 413.000 1,500,000 154,000 Cities Macei6 Mandos Bahia (Sfio Salvador) Fortaleza Victoria Goyaz SSo Luiz Cayaba Bello Horizonte Bel6m do Para Parahyba Curityba Recife (Pernambuco) . . . . Therezina Nictheroy Natal Porto Alegre Florianopolis (Desterro) . . Sao Paulo Aracajd Rio de Janeiro Rio Branco Population of the Cities 40.000 60,000 280,000 50,000 20,000 16,000 50,000 20.000 50,000 200,000 20,000 50.000 250.000 50.000 50,000 20,000 150,000 30,000 700,000 30.000 1.000,000 5,000 Commerce Brazil's imports for the first six months of 1919 amounted to $168,746,750. Exports for the same period totaled $271,304,000. The total foreign trade for the year 1919 may be estunated at $858,687,000, with imports valued at $337,493,500, and exports valued at $521,184,000. The value of the total foreign trade of Brazil in 1918 was $554,536,903. Of this, the imports were valued at $250,954,705 and exports at $297,582,198. 129 Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Brazil for eleven years: Year Ended June 30 Exports Imports Per Cent. Free Excess of Domestic Foreign Total Free Duitable Total Exports (♦) or Imports (-) 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 $17,444,759 22.764.183 27,150,672 34,587,050 42.542.424 29,843,018 25,120,158 39,684,916 ,55.817,510 65,144.471 $82,933 133,707 89,474 91.031 96.043 120.896 509.397 887,281 909,724 1,125,575 $15,527,692 22,897.890 27.240,146 34,678,081 42,638,467 29,963,914 25,629,555 40,572,197 56,727.234 66.270.046 93,294.275 $97,261,855 107,599,155 100,457,075 122,699,451 120,027,140 100,161,510 96,910,776 129,942.829 146,776,155 106,528.150 $791,374 555,336 410.109 1.182,193 128,715 1,167,563 2,267,952 2,721,1.55 4,862,090 6,983,798 $98,053,229 108.154.491 100,867,184 123,881,644 120,155,855 101,329.073 99,178,728 132,663,984 151,638.245 113,511.954 125,283,480 99.20 99.49 99.59 99.05 99.89 98.85 97.71 97.95 96.80 93.85 -$80,525,537 -85.256,601 -73,627,038 -89,203,563 -77.517,388 -71,365,159 -73,549,173 -92,091,787 -94,911,011 -47,241,908 -31,989.205 Value of imports from countries of origin for six months, January to June, 1919: United States. Great Britain. Argentina India France Portugal Uruguay Sweden Italy Spam Norway Total. $89,727,250 22,983,250 19,878,750 6,372,000 5,851,250 4,141,250 12,444,250 2,258,000 2.092.000 1.665,000 1.232,000 $168,646,000 Valueof exports showing principal countries of destination during six months Januarv to June, 1919: ' ^ United States. France Great Britain . Uruguay Itely Belgium Argentina .... Denmark Spain . British ports., Holland. Norway. Greece . . , Portugal . Sweden. , ToUl. $93,890,250 77,161.250 21.556,500 12,444,250 10,636,750 9.736.500 9,320.250 6.737,750 6.396,250 3,040.500 2,785.500 2.572,250 1,549,750 1.411,000 1,343,500 $260,592,250 Foreign trade of Brazil for the past four years (values in United States currency) : Year Imports Exports 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. Increase, 1919 over 1918" Increase, 1918 over 1917 increase. 1917 over 1916 Note: Estimate based on statistics for six months. Total $194,582,153 214,460,915 256,9.54,705 ♦337.292,000 80,.373,295 42.493,700 19,878,762 $272,853,201 290,932,423 297,582,198 521,184,500 223,602,302 6,649,775 18,079,222 $467,435,354 505,393,338 554,536,903 8.58,476,500 303,939.597 49,143,565 37,957,984 130 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS I !^^ ii 11 V Total foreign trade of Brazil for the thirteen preceding years (values in United States currency) : Year Imports Exports 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 $155,676,362 164,628,163 145.598,263 149,871,832 202,380,078 181,526,923 189,720.296 228,436,205 253,689,252 358,316,897 322,398,528 157.318,890 139.999.063 $237,842,328 248,436,873 219,346,213 255,894,492 275,485,082 225,854,995 325,365,886 209,712,303 321,264,915 304,438.158 311,273,765 210.274,332 245,432,785 I Distribution of imports by principal classifications for 1918: Articles Tons Live animals Primary Materials: Iron and steel 10 379 Jute '.'.'.'.'.'. 8!216 741 Wool Woods '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Material for perfumery, dyes, etc !!!!!!!."!!!!."."!!!!! Briquettes, coal and coke !."!!!!!!!!!' 65b',ii5' Cement 5l|715 Pelts and skins I'loa All other • Total, 1; Manufactures: Of cotton, mixed or not .... Of rubber Carriages and other vehicles Of Copper and alloys Of iron and steel Of wool, mixed or not Of linen, mixed or not Earthenware, porcelain and glass Engines, machinery, tools, and hardware Of paper, cardboard, etc Chemicals, drugs, and pharmaceutical specialties Gasoline . Kerosene . Fuel oil . . All other . Total, Tons 20,475 37,594 10,055 Food products and forage: Beverages Wheat flour Wheat Codfish Fruits Olive oil DftlX •••••••••« Cattle foods All other Total Total Imports.... • ••>••.■•,.•••••«.,•••■■••■••■• • •* •••• ••••••••••• • •••••■•.■a. ••,,,,••■••■■•••••• • •«••■•••••••••• ••••••••• • ••••■••••••••» ••••■■•■• 149,439 297,605 21,762 5,082 644 70,777 4,237 • •••••• Total $393,518,690 412,464,996 364,944,476 405,766,324 477,865,160 407,381,918 515,086.182 438,148,508 574.954,167 662.705,055 633,673,293 367,693,222 385,351.248 Values $1,430,310 2,228,170 3,361,715 2,038.435 2.369,255 7,107.765 19.557.300 2.807.105 6.129,900 22,087,100 $67,686,745 $22,296,295 1.571.395 2.286.550 2.797.375 14.191,205 4,149.845 2.053.030 3.264,415 16,000,985 8.182,930 11.641,945 3,940.650 4,193.630 418.390 17,932,390 $114,921,030 $9,189,985 22.106,560 25.171.510 7.399.665 1.790.320 754.075 1.975.190 155.680 4.373,635 72,916,620 $256,954,705 BRAZIL 131 Importe by countries of origin for the years 1913 to 1918, inclusive; (values in United States currency) : Countries 1913 1914 1915 1916 United States ... United Kingdom . Argentina France , Portugal India Italy Uruguay Newfoundland. . . Spain Sweden Norway Switserland Canada Denmark Germany Netherlands Belgium Austria-Hungary . Other countries . . Mexico Japan ChUe China Paraguay 1917 1918 $50,656,375 68,894,824 23,993.789, 31.544.534+^ 14.150.682 ' 2.646.641 11,213.152 7,160,461 3,777,511 3,078,008 1,412.038 3,388,611 3,796,888 614,973 386,601 56,339,510 3,403,710 16,473,675 4,867,063 2,829,712 $28,645,790 37,675,180 15,072,892 12,030,611 8,159.009 1.697,.')0() 6.466.312 2,387,018 3,175,287 1.591,815 767,481 2,673,633 1,263,138 776,084 343,276 24,326,321 1.346.624 3,308,716 1,643,038 2,474,048 $76,238,664 39.667.479 12,763,522 6,917.566 6.931,011 2.599,036 6,126.760 2.061.816 2,968.896 2.023.610 1,231,882 1,310,259 1.489.648 1,146.419 613.173 2,114.407 968.641 240.947 182,238 2,083,459 $76,238,664 39,667.599 27.364.519 10.107.764 9,049.043 3,155,973 5.792,667 2.894.717 3,355,192 2,261,232 2,525,821 1,934,393 2,469.489 1,320.891 1,102,938 86,186 1.169,488 277,736 1.610 2,766,625 $98,722,602 37,713,580 27,326,441 8,456,017 6,810,544 4,563,525 4,162,127 4,048,286 3,672,774 2,826,369 1.867,948 1,713.639 1,669.694 1.132.831 382,244 227.872 216,299 102,192 4041 3,939,194 $92,359,169 52,462.802 48,748,492 12,254,901 9,865,815 3,220,518 5.480.526 10,743,579 6,244,600 4,669,400 2.423.609 1,118,123 1,984.190 1,084,616 201.722 308,897 95.144 1,626,574 1,687,089 370,445 166,904 47,321 Exports of Brazil by countries of destination for years 1913 to 1918, inclusive -(values in United States currency) : ^xusive, rvalues Countries 1913 1914 1915 United States France United Kingdoin ftag^^ Uruguay Spain Netherlands. . . . . Norway.... Egypt t;ortugal i>enmark Chile... ;:::;;•• Sweden [Greece....'".'.;;; Germany Austria-Hungary I Belgium vJther countries. . . ■Cuba. ICanada.".*; 1016 1917 $101,296,713 38,207,961 41,186,977 14.665.144 4,010,767 6,102,792 1,676,652 22,966,630 476,313 628,001 1,667,624 724,626 862.432 3.164,978 76,829 44,344,356 16.034,286 7,993,614 7,893,657 $87,413,099 17,062,666 30,233.546 10,086.346 6,687,787 3,586,789 1.145.873 13,677,610 1,530,904 380,041 1.850.221 1.376.773 411,582 4,172,523 148,602 19,473,360 4,268,159 3,131,802 4,056,067 $90,687,246 27,960,284 31.684.366 12,421,086 7,710,266 4,239,040 1.441,654 16,348,475 7,387,859 l,20e,827 2,229,923 5,747,254 688,164 22,234,720 916,367 95 3,640,371 1918 $124,919,647 32,876,944 7,867,849 1.631.819 16.344.577 13.061,622 2,168,357 7,103,148 1.464,617 446,529 1.602,650 2,032,390 735,258 7,626.215 23.636 3.893.442 $130.687.«59 39,272,267 35*817.290 25.653.964 22.960.693 13.140,747 3,921.386 1,496,946 1,391,837 1.336.676 1.310.838 768,307 712,672 382,201 $103,661,328 27,069,176 30,011,353 46,228.085 31.239,617 30,952.774 6.484.690 4.971.216 2.494,397 850,251 2,698,261 484,291 908,043 1.411.721 658.809 1.573.506 10,082.643 974.134 899,329 *>..*ik .-_"i.,-*ij' :. I 134 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS BRAZIL K Table Continued: Articles and Countries 1913 1914 1915 1016 1917 Rubber: Total ■. . . Metric Tons 36.232 16.807 14.557 3.194 Metric Tons 35.631 19.397 11,484 1,608 Metric Tons 35,195 20,776 12.682 962 Metric Tons 31.495 19.965 10,379 646 Metric Tons 33.980 20.165 10,902 219 154 United States ITnit^ K>n£[Ho>n France .....". Sweden ~ Germany 1.004 29.388 4.359 481 26.980 2,873 Tobftcco Leaf: Total 27,096 7,302 6,581 21,293 3.574 3,919 25.176 8.177 7.671 6.006 507 247 203 151 Argentina France Spain TVnmark . . , 472 1.148 Portugal 81 6 39 24.473 882 192 17 22,133 United States 1.063 300 United Kingdom Germany 1 Note: ® Destination not available. Not available. Production and Industry The principal sources of wealth of the republic are its coffee and rubber; these forming the bulk of exports. Coffee, in fact, normally constitutes approximately 60 per cent, of the total value of all exports. Moreover, the normal coffee crop of Brazil averages 72 per cent, of the world's total production. The chief producing area are the states of Sao Paulo, which produces about 80 per cent, of the total crop: Rio de Janeiro, which produces about 16 per cent.; Minas Geraes, and Bahia. A recent estimate credits Brazil with 1,400,000,000 coffee trees, of which 750,000,000 are in the state of Sao Paulo, there being 60,500 plantations in that state. The total investment in coffee production of the republic has been estimated at $1,500,000,000, of which Sao Paulo's share is approximately $900,000,000. The coffee exports of Santos, the chief coffee port of Brazil, for 1915 were valued at $113,424,679, and the average value for ten years was $120,000,000. The United States is the largest single purchaser of Brazilian coffee, taking about 45 per cent, of the total annual crop, its imports from Brazil amoimting to about 75 per cent, of its total coffee imports. The total exports of coffee from Brazil for five years have been as foUows: 1917, 10,605,217 bags; 1916, 13,038,663 bags; 1915, 17,061,319 bags; 1914, 11,269,724 bags; 1913, 13,267,449 bags. The principal rubber producing region of the world is in the Amazon valley, the great majority of its total area of 2,400,000 square miles being within the borders of Brazil. Of six different kinds of rubber produced by Latin America, Brazil produces three; Para rubber, produced in the states of Para and Amazonas, Maranhao, the northern parts of Matto-Grosso and Goyaz, and the Territory of Acre, CJeara, or Manicoba rubber and Ceara scrap, is produced chiefly in the state of Ceara. Mangabeira or Bahia rubber, and Matto- Grosso sheets, are produced throughout large parts of Brazil, principally in the states of Bahia, Pemambuco and Matto-Grosso, and to a smaller extent in Minas Geraes, Gayaz and Sao Paulo. 135 The Amazonian basm within BraziKan borders has two principal rubber producine districts; the islands forming the delta of the river, and a district surrounding Manaos including the lower stretches of the Rio Purus and Rio Jurua, and some of the land watered by the Rio Negro. The rubber produced in these districts is commonly known as wild Para rubber. Cultivation has been encouraged but not practised to any significant degree, and methods of tapping are both wasteful and primitive. Climatic conditions in this district are bad, and labor insufficient. A rainy season continues from November to May, and from March to May the entire river country is subject to flooding Rubber collecting begins in May and must be completed by the end of October. High export duties are an additional burden upon the industry. The exports of rubber durmg five years have been, m tons: 1917, 37,378; 1916 34 644- IQTi^tia. 1914, 36,884; 1913, 39,855. * » «. a«io, d4,044, 1915, 38,714; In 1915 BrazU was the second largest producer of cacao in the world The croo of that year was 46,260 tons, or 15.9 per cent, of the world's production. Bahia aud MaraiSiao are the largest producing states. Beans are grown in large quantities, until recently for ^^LT^^''^^'' "^ '''' '"* ^^^^ '^ ^^- ^^^' -^« - l^^S exerts Tobacco is an important crop, which previous to the war was exported chiefly to Germany and to the other Latin American countries, while Herva matt^ (yerba mat^) or Paraguayan tea, is grown in large quantities in the state of Parana. Cotton, which was f onnerly one of the miportant exporte of the republic, is now no longer exported to so gre^ a degree; the d^hne being accounted for by the fact that cotton goodsmanufactL iSs become the most miportant industry of Brazil. Cotton is cultivated in the st^^ Pemambuco, and thirty in SSo Paulo. -aneiro, lorty-stx in in mri """JL^f^ ^, ""«« quantities and is beginning now to be exported; total exports iZjil^^ ^ ^^""^ *"'"'• *" '^'^ *" "^-^^ *°'^- TheXf rice p 'i^^'^y °f ""^ ^i'^ estimated at 12,000,0(^,000 to J^ -^ed m the state of Santa Catharina and Rio Gi»nde do Sul. Phtii^um fa found^ 11 136 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS the states of Pernambuco, Parahyba do Norte, Minas Geraes; salt in Rio Grande do Norte; Monazitic sand, of which Brazil contains more than the rest of the world, in Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Geraes and Espirito Santo. This product is largely used in the manufacture of incandescent gas mantles, and before the war was exported to Germany and Austria; the thorium which is used in the manufacture of gas mantles is now extracted before exportation. Other minerals produced are graphite, asbestos, emery, soapstone and talc, wolfram and kaohn. The cattle raising industry, located chiefly in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, has developed extensively during the war, and the connected industries of meat freezing and pack- ing and leather production have begun to take an important place in the commercial life of Brazil. The repubUc possesses about 11,000,000 sheep and about 18,500,000 hogs. There were in Brazil in December, 1918, 37,500,000 head of cattle of various kinds distributed by classes and breeds as follows: Cattle Native* Indiant European^ 8.000,000 4,750.000 2.300.000 2.450.000 1.500.000 19,000,000 3,900.000 2.550.000 1.300.000 1.2.50.000 1.000.000 10.000.000 4.200.000 1.800,000 850,000 950.000 700,000 8.500.000 Milch cows Calves Yearlings Beef cattle Oxen and bulls Total ♦ Crioulo, Caracu, Mocho. Franqueiro, Curraleiro. t Nellore, Guzerat. Gyr. etc. i Hereford. Swiss. Dutch, Angus. Devon, Jersey. The total production of beef cattle for the year was 4,650,000, so that with a national consumption of 4,500,000 head, there was left for export a balance of 150,000 head, aggre- gating 792,000,000 pounds in weight. Number of cattle in Brazil in December, 1918, by Provinces and breeds: States Acre Ama7.onas Par6 Maranh&o Piauhy Ceara Rio Grande do Norte Parahyba do Norte , . Pernambuco Alagoas Sergipe Bahia Espirito Santo Rio de aneiro Federal District Sao Paulo Parand Santa Catharina . . . . Rio Grande do Sul . . , Minas Geraes Goyaz Matto Grosso Total Total National Indian European 10,000 200,000 440,000 380,000 2,200.000 800,000 300,000 660,000 450,000 350.000 250.000 2.500,000 200.000 1.200.000 36.600 2.130.000 1.000.000 500,000 8,443,800 7.185.600 4..564.000 3.700.000 8.500 196.500 375.000 374.500 2.098.500 732.500 292.500 620.000 367.000 303,500 217,000 1.354,000 125,000 170.000 2,000 936,500 430.000 320,000 3.333.800 1.093.200 3.500,000 2,150,000 500 1.000 40,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 3,000 5,000 45.000 21.500 15,000 920.000 50,000 680,000 6.600 348.500 96.000 30,000 750,000 fi,028,400 800.000 1.155.003 1.000 2.500 25,000 4.000 100.000 66.000 4.500 35,000 38.000 25.000 18.000 226.000 25,000 350,000 28,000 845,000 474.000 150.000 4,360,000 1.064,000 264,000 395,000 37.500.000 19.000.000 10,000,000 8,500.000 BRAZIL 137 Manufacturing industries are developing rapidly throughout the republic, especially at Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeu-o. The textile industries are assuming the greatest im- portance. Capitahzation and output of the largest cotton mUls of the country in 1916- Progreso Industrial do Brasil Confianca Industrial Fia^&o e Tecidos Allianca Fia^&o e Tecidos Botafogo® Fabrica Volorantim Brasil Industrial Companhia Petropolitana Manufacturados Flumiense Fia^So e Tecidos Corcovada Fia^ao e Tecidos Carioca Cotonificio Rodolpho Crespl America Fabril Emporio Industrial do Norte ...... Industrial Pernambucana SSo Bernardo Fabril Industrial Reunidas F. MataraiVo. Fia^So e Tecidos de Pernambuco. . . Societa Italo-Americana Fabril Paulista ValencS Industrial . . Eetamparia Ypranga Progreso Industrial da Baliia. . . . . Fabrica Paulistana ' Fiaffto e Tecidos S5o Banto. . .'. " Fiacio e Tecidos N. S. da Ponte. . Otherer Speer & Cia Industrial do Rio Grande do Norte Industrial Sul Mineira Fiagfto e Tecidos Cometa ...... Fiacfto e Mageense , Fiacio e Tecidos Martinho. Taubat6 Industrial Paulista Aniugen , ,[\ Fia^ao e Tecidos Santo Alezio. . Tecidos Porto-Alegrense. . Pmotti Gamba & Cia 8ao Pedro de Alcantara. . . Industrial Mineira Industrial Estancia Alag6ana de Tecidos. ........ Fabrica Maranhense Fia9ao e Tecidos Rio Anil ..'.'.'.." lecidos S. Italo-Brasileira Rio de Janeiro . . Rio de Janeiro . . Rio de Janeiro . . Rio de Janeiro . . Sorocabo Paracamby Petropolis Nictheroy Rio de Janeiro . . Rio de Janeiro . . Sao Paulo Rio de Janeiro, . Sao Salvador. . . . Camaragibe Sao Bernardo . . . Sao Paulo .... Torre Saltode Itfi Recife Valenga Bairro Ypiranga. Sao Salvador Sao Paulo Jundiahy Sorocaba Sorocaba Natal Itajuba Petropolis Mag6 Tatuhy Taubat^ Sao Paulo Santo Aleixo .... Porto Alegre .... Sao Paulo Petropolis Juiz oe Fora .... Estancia Cachoeira Sao Luia Sao Lui« Sao Paulo $4,352,000 4.160,000 4.031,000 3,840.000 3,200,000 3,1.36,000 2,880,000 2,880,000 2,793.000 2,688,000 2,560,000 2,432,000 2,1.56,800 1.920,000 1,824,000 1,600,000 1,600,000 1,544,000 1,472.000 1,323.200 1,280,000 1,197.440 1,152,000 1.120,000 1.120.000 1.091,200 896,000 896,000 896,000 880.000 800,000 800.000 800.000 768,000 736,000 720,000 704.000 704,000 704,000 640,000 640,000 640.000 640,000 $2,816,000", 2,720,000 \ 2,176,000 3,264,00a 2,048,000 1,920,000 1.600,000 1,344,000 1,664,000 2,016,000 1,248,000 1.792,000 1,280.000 1.120.000 800,000 1,728,000 , 1,440,000 960,000 1,280.000 768,000 928,000 1,024,000 451,200 656,000 640,000 800,000 230,400 313,920 800.000 832,000 640.000 347,200 640,000 307,200 480,000 592,000 416,000 576.000 480,000 640,00CrN 480,000 ; 448,000 640,000 ') Note: ® Manufactures both cotton and woolen goods. imno^nT.r '^^^ i"** f^^ ^ *''* ""P"*'""' ''P^^^""^ approximately 3,300 looms, I^CrfK ^"""l "T ^"*''' ^""^ "^"'"8 the finished product to the coffee planters. Federal District. .. Sj»^ o[ Minas Geraes St^^ ° gfo Grande do Sul State of Riode Janeiro., state of Sao Paulo Of thl^^""^^"^^ ""! ^^"^ ^^"^'' ^""^ extremely numerous and it is estimated that one-fifth ouu,uuo people of the city are engaged in manufacturing and connected industries. I 138 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS I 11 In 1916, the seventy-two textile mills in the state employed 26,000 operatives and consumed about 14,000 tons of cotton, the value of the total production being estimated at $22,041,360, of which $16,372,320 represented cotton manufactures and $5,669,040 represented jute bagging, woolen, silk and linen textiles. There were, in the same year, 134 shops, foundries and factories engaged in metal working in Sao Paulo, producing coffee-hulling machinery, small rice mills, cane mills, plows, farm tools, stoves, enamelled ware, aluminum ware, cast iron pipe, iron kitchen ware, brass ware for buildings, offices and machinery parts, textile mill machinery, bells, machine tools, woven wire fence, and repair parts for machinery BRAZIL The manufacturing industries of Sao Paulo (1916) are: Hata Shoes HoBiery White goods and shirts Gloves Sugar Mills Sugar refineries Alimentar>- pastas .... Canned goods Packing houses Crackers PreBcrves Milling of cereals , Mandioca flour Dairy products , Vinegar Breweries , Brooms and brushes . . , Soft drinks Furniture Vegetable oil Starch Rope Trunks and bags Harness and saddles . . . . Tanneries Paper and pasteboard . . . Articles of metal Machinery Foundries Woodworking Brick and tile Lime Wagons and carriages . . . Railway machine shops. , Matches Scrap Candles Oils and resins Paints Chemical products Pharmaceutical products Cigars and cigarettes Others 16 56 248 6 3 7 65 62 558 972 47 383 18 12 195 19 30 9 18 9 158 932 According to the latest statistics published on the subject (in 1913) there were at that time a total of eighty-three industrial establishments of different kinds in the city of Bahia, having a combined capital of about $10,000,000, an annual production of between $8,000,000 and $9,000,000, and a total of about 10,000 employees. Of the foregoing, something Uke 85 or 90 per cent, are engaged in the textile (cotton and jute), sugar and tobacco (cigars, cigarettes, and snuff) industries. There are now fifteen sugar mills of importance in operation in the State of Bahia, besides one in liquidation and one not working. These fifteen have a total capital of $5,525,000 (at present exchange), about 800 employees (not including field workers), and a combined average annual production of about 33,000 tons of sugar. There are five important textile mills at Bahia, of which one makes jute bagging and the other four cotton goods. The jute mill employs approximately 400 persons, is capitalized nominally at $125,000 (500 contos), and in 1915 declared a dividend of 24 per cent. It turns out annually approximately 20,000 pieces, containing 2,187,222 yards (2,000,000 meters) of goods. The four cotton mills each employ from 1,200 to 1,400 persons, and each turn out from (7,655,278 to 9,842,500 yards 7,000,000 to 9,000,000 meters) of goods per annum. Five of the largest cotton mills in the Federal District employ 8,000 operatives and produce over 80,000,000 yards. Four mills in Petropolis average 18,000,000 to 19,000,000 yards, and twenty-four mills in Sao Paulo average 83,000,000 to 84,000,000 yards. Because 139 of the increasing development of manufacturing in Rio de Janeiro, the Rio de Janeiro Tramway, Light & Power Ck)mpany has enlarged its plant from 50,000 to 80 000 H P The Sfio Paulo Tramway, Light & Power Company's plant at Parahyba has a Opacity of 32,000 H. P., and a new plant with a capacity of 62,500 H. P. is being constructed by the same company at Sorocabo to supply additional power to the city of Sao Paulo and its environs. Railways, Post Offices, Telegraphs: The railways of BrazU have a total length of 15,248 miles; 2,188 miles are owned and operated by the government; 5,716 miles are privateJy leased, 3,447 miles are operated by vanous companies under Federal government concessions; 3,897 mUes are operated under State concessions. There were, in 1917, 3,587 post offices, and the government controUed telegraph system has a mileage of 21,393 and 270 offices. Privately owned systems are more extensive. There are 27,000 miles of navigable rivers; of the fifty-five largest rivers in the world thirty-three are whoUy or largely in Brazil. Brazil, although bordering on aU the South American countries except Chile, is in direct railroad communication only with Uruguay, an mtemational passenger train service with sleeping and dining cars having been estabhshed between Sao Paulo and Montevideo. The trip is over 1.800 miles in length and takes 108Hhours. Twochangesof cars, occasioning a waitof afew minutes, are necess^ A tn-weekly ^rvice between Montevideo and Rivera, on the Brazilian frontier, connects Monteiid^ ""'^'^ ""^ ^^""^^ ^^"^' ^^° ^"^^e <^o Sul and Porto Alegre with Money and Banks: The monetary system of Brazil is based upon a nominal gold standard. The gold unit l^nc^vtSn.'^'f^^ "f' f peculiarity of designation characterizes the BraziUan currency system, the sign $ is placed after the unit and before the decimal, the milreis, for example, bemg d^gnated by 1$000. The circulating medium and the legal currency of Brazil is composed of paper notes redeemable in gold at the rate of 16d. per milreis. The par value of the theoretical gold milreis in terms of United States currency is $0.5463: tnat of the paper milreis, at the conversion rate estabhshed by law, is $0.32444 Actual exchange rates vary, however. The Caixo de Conversfio (the govermnent agency author- ized to convert paper mto gold) suspended operations upon the declaration of war in 1914 rat. 1*'' 'T*'""! "^^"'^ °^ December 23, 1916, the obligation to maintain the conversion onmrT!!"?!''' «"«P««ded to December 31, 1917. The subsidiary metal coinage is ^^m 1 ^' '' "' '' '"' P"^"' '^^'^^ '^' '^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ Pi««^' -dXer ouu, luuu and 2000 reis pieces. Weights and Measures: measl^^tili"h.r**'" 1^.^° *•"•" "^'^"^ '^'"^"^ '^'^ ^S^^. The old Portuguese Tm^,^ ^ T*",'*^ "^ "" •*'*^ P^ °f '•>« *°terior; these are the Uto. of lo i.tM bushel, and the oitava of 55.34 grams. Consular Representatives: ' pJ^^J*f^ consuUr officials are stationed at Bahia, Para, Ceara, Man&os, MaranhSo, SrCo,^d°^„^X' ^° ^"^ ^' ^"^^"' ^° ^ ^'^"'' '^''"°'^' ^*^' IM 140 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Brazilian Consular oflScials are stationed at Mobile, San Francisco, Pensacola, Bnina- wick, Honolulu, Chicago, New Orleans, Baltimore, Boston, Gulfport, Pascagoula, St. Louis, Buffalo, New York City, Philadelphia, Manila, San Juan (P. R.), Port Arthur, Norfolk, Va., Newport News, St. Thomas (V. I.). Language: Portuguese. Local Advertising Media: In Rio de Janeiro there are thirteen important daily newspapers and one important conmiercial daily, six illustrated weekly magazines and one monthly. In Sao Paulo there are eleven daily papers and one commercial daily. There is one important semi-monthly magazine, a women's monthly magazine and important agricultural and stock-raising journals. Among other industrial and trade papers there is one automobile monthly. In Bahia there are six daily newspapers and one general monthly magazine. Pemam- buco has 5 dailies; Porto Alegre, three dailies and one tri-weekly. Santos, three dailies; Rio Grande do Sul, three dailies and Para seven daihes. Shipping Routes: Lamport and Holt Line. Booth Steamship Company. Prince Line. Lloyd Brazileiro. Funch Edye & Co., Inc., Line. Conmiercial South American Line. United States and Brazil Steamship Line. Wilhelmsen Steamship Line. Customs Tariff: The customs tariff of Brazil provides for specific duties usually based on net weight, and in the case of certain articles, for ad valorem duties. Tariff for catalogues, ciruclars, posters, etc.: Articles MiLREis PER Kilo Nominal Actual* Prints, drawings, photographs for posters, including illustrated catalogues .... Pnnted books, stitched, bound with cardboard, including prospectuses, catalogues, etc. 3.000 .300 4.651 .526 Note: ♦ Inclusive of surtax. The budget laws for 1916 reduced the above rates 50 per cent. Consular Regulations: Four copies of consular invoices must be made out in Portuguese or English; if in English a charge is levied in Brazil on the consignee for translation. If packages are of a uniform size, the weight per package must be declared. Consular invoices and bills of lading can bear only one mark, and the numbers on invoices should be consecutive. The consul keeps three copies of the consular invoice. Certification of consular invoices costs $2.20 per set of four. No consular invoice is required on shipments on parcel receipt if the total value, mcluding freight and expenses, is less than $48.88. The steamship companies make a charge of $1.38 per set of bills of lading and parcel receipt which they turn over to the consul. Packages may be marked with either a stencil or a brush, but the side of the package containing the mark must be free of other marks. The marking of weights on packages is not required. BRAZIL 141 Cable Rate: Pemambuco, $0.70 per word; aU other stations, except Amazon zones $0 &!i Fir^f Am^n zone, $1.12; Second Amazon zone, $1.36 per ;ord, f^m New YoT^r New EngfaT^^ Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Postal Time: Nineteen days to Rio de Janeiro. Parcels Post: P«„lJ°Jf''^°!?'°°**; ^*!f ' ^'^'^'"'' ^''«'' P««^buco, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Pau^o only Packages to other points must be endorsed by sender "Sender's Risk" Limit of weight. 22 pounds. Rate: Twelve cents per pound or fraction the^ Pack^;* contaming p^spectus and adveHising bills are subject to entry duty of iS (fiveS If the weight is more than two kUograms (4.4 pounds). International Reply Coupons: Issued. Money Orders: Not issued. 142 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN: MARKETS III' I A republic on the west than the combined aitas of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, capital, is about as large as ^r% .'■r-V / B^ <^«lBbol VALPAKAISC i rsAirruGo Coaccycioi VaMhriai C«fra] 't^o. HmS '-:s ^i^* }M S CHILE coast of South America. The area of Chile is a little larger all the New England states, with the addition of New York, Maryland and Virginia. Santiago, the principal city and Washington, D. C, while Valparaiso, the second city in size and principal port, is about as large as Atlanta, Ga. The seasons in Chile, because of its position south of the Equator, are the opposite of those of the United States. Spring is from September 21 to December 21, summer from December 21 to March 21, autumn from March 21 to June 21, and winter from June 21 to December 21. The climate in Chile is temperate. Chile IS situated on a narrow strip of land between the Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean, running in the general direction of north and south for a distance of ahndst 3,000 miles. The width of the country varies from about 65 to 250 miles. The distance from the moirt northerly to the most southeriy point of Chile's coast line is about equivalent to that between the coast of Labrador and the coast of the Guianas in South America. Commercially, this long strip of territory is divided into three regions; the mineral region, extending from the northern boundary to a point south of Coquimbo; the agricultural and coal region, extending from a point south of Coquimbo to one south of the city of Val- divia; and the timber and cattle producing district, which extends from a point south of Valdivia to Cape Horn. Mining is the principal industry of Chile. The principal products are nitrate of soda, copper, iron and coal. Nitrate of soda, which is Chile's most important product, and of which Chile is the world's principal producer, is found in the northern region extending from Arica to Antofagasta. It is extensively used in the manufacture of explosives and of fertilizers, and an increased consumption since the beginning of the war has brought great prosperity to the country. The production of coal is insufficient for the requirements of the country and large quantities are imported annually. Agriculture is extensively carried on in the great central valley of Chile. Wheat, vegetables, and forage crops are the principal products. Fruit growing and wine making are Hke- wise important industries. While manufacturing is being rapidly developed, the production of manufactured goods in most lines is totally inadequate for the requirements of the country. CHILE 143 There is a permanent American and Enghsh Dooulation in Chi}^ .v.- a the nitrate and mining industry, which, togeth^with S^ nuSr of ShTSa^ constitutes a market with a relativplv h,„k r>„« u • "umoer ox wealthy Chilians united States suppHed on^irSr^ll KhSftotTL^rby m^^^^ t was the source of 50 per cent, of the total imports of ChUe. '^'^'''^^^" *''* ^mted States The per capita foreign trade of Chile in 1918 amounted to lUfi 54- of thi, 141 ,9 the value of per capita imports and $75.42 the value of per capL exS Area and Population Provinces Area Population Capital Aconcagua . . Antofagasta Arauco Atacam4. . . Bio-Bio. . . . Cautin Chilo^ Colchagna. . Concepci6n . Coquimbo. . Curic6 Linares Llanquihu6 . Malleco. . . . Maule. . . ^>we....::: C^'HigKina. . Santiago . fev.:::: Jarapaci aldivia Valparaiso.] Magallanes Territory. Total (1914) 5,406 46,408 2,189 30,711 5,353 6,381 6,979 3,851 3,313 14,098 3,045 3,959 34,778 3,303 2,812 3,498 2,168 5,893 12,590 3,864 16,689 8.991 1,775 65,355 Population 138,446 126,101 63.209 66,641 103,873 172,006 95,756 159,930 235,959 183,878 109,466 114,980 124,947 117,375 122.754 174,663 96,808 587,721 45,593 133,742 123,843 151,537 324,660 22,744 San Felipe. . . . Antofagasta. . Lebu Copiap6 Los Angeles. . , Temuco Ancud San Fernando. Concepci6n . . . La Serena . . . . Curic6 Linares Puerto Montt. Angol Cauquenes Chilian Rancagua. . . . Santiago Tacna Talca , Iquique , Valdivia Valparaiso Punta Arenas . . 10,426 36,114 3,500 11,617 11.691 16.000 3,979 9,150 79,776 34,000 19,529 11,122 6,000 7,896 9,683 39,173 10,380 397,550 15.000 39,526 45,012 19,388 201,501 11.000 Taiiotfpnntir '''"*^^' ^"•P'^' ^-P"'-^". Antofagasta, I<, uique, Commerce <^^-^Ttmm^" Th'^'n ?rfi' """""^^ *° 1451,030,311; imports, $159,167,- «' per e^nt oahfSs. '"*''' ^'""^ '"P""^ *« ^' "'"t- <>' "^e imports and took 144 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS CHILE Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Chile for 11 years: Year ended June 30 Exports Imi'orts Per cent. free r!TO*iQQ nf Domestic Foreign Total Free Dutiable Total exports (♦) imports (-) 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 $5,457,269 8,293,312 12,037,140 15,471,156 16,064,969 17,408,724 11,243,876 24,091,929 44,403,102 63,116,249 $9,017 10,934 7,438 20,690 11,794 23,668 133,305 147,897 135,891 412,875 $5,466,286 8,304,246 12,044,578 15,491,846 16.076,763 17,422.392 11,377,181 24,239,826 44,538.993 63.529.124 70.288,581 $13,581,311 20.840.923 19,407.207 19,742,137 27.458.211 25.184.940 27.346,324 63.668.379 109.399.348 138,184,938 $131,062 80,403 533,793 422,711 197.209 537,188 343,456 486,480 4,389,782 2,890,766 $13,712,373 20,921,326 19,941,000 20,104,848 27,655,420 25,722,126 27,689,780 64,154.859 113,789,130 141,075.704 135,602,542 99.00 99.62 97.32 97.90 99.29 97.91 98.76 99.24 96.14 97.95 -$8,246,087 -12,617,080 - 7,896,422 - 4,673,002 -11,578.657 - 8.289.736 -16.312.599 -39.915,033 -69.250,137 -77,546,580 -65,313,961 Foreign trade of Chile for 10 years; values in United States currency: Imports Exports Total Imports Exports Total 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 $82,221,913 107,193,877 97,551,422 95,660,208 108,582,279 137,381,479 122.075,994 $99,078,599 100,176,156 114,710,044 111,846,917 120,021,919 123,884,417 139,878.201 $181,300,512 207,370,033 212,261,466 207,507.125 228,»)04,198 251,265.896 261,954.195 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 $120,274,001 98,461,195 55,922.218 81,220,102 129.603,115 159,167,034 $144,653,312 109.381,534 119.529.892 187.458,432 259.985,495 291,863.277 $264,927,313 207.842.729 175,452,110 268,tJ78.534 389.588,610 451,030.311 Imports into Chile by principal articles for 5 years; values in United States currency: Articles Yarn and thread Sacks Piece Koods Wearing apparel Chemicals Soap and candles Perfumery and pharma- ceutical products Industrial oils Paints, dyes and colors. . . Explosives Iron and steel in bars or sheets Iron and steel, manufac- tures of Builders' hardware Mining machinery and im- plements Agricultural machinery and implements Manufacturing machiner>' and implements Motor engines Electrical machinery and implements Railway supplies Coal and mineral fuels. . . Leather and fur manuf's. Carriages, cars, automo- biles, airships, etc Paper and manufactures. . Printed books, maps, and engravings -furniture Manufactures of stone and earth, including cement. Pottery and glass manu- factures Arms and ammunition . . . Articles and instruments for the Arts and Sciences Jewelry, watches, etc . . . | $2,902,357 3,438,866 16.170.431 1,466,914 1,739,347 844,662 1,261,628 3,078,799 815,679 163.573 3.797,395 6,876,438 245.402 1,262,669 1,895,196 6,375,646 1.597,085 1,4941527 6.691,882 14,075,111 2,375,180 592,593 2,904,616 562,658 656,658 2,157,859 2,113.506 471,766 1.215.618 295,655 $2,891,571 3,141,110 15.135,303 6,151,980 1,857,259 932,482 1,215,599 3,053,957 769.977 922,953 4,062,121 6,739,577 587,237 626,015 1,710,725 6,222,706 1,121,055 1,796,952 6,040,416 15,991.438 2,039,883 932,889 2,707,803 906,416 483,815 2,584,781 2,097,438 486,854 1,235,848 919,042 $1,935,506 1,916.766 9,597.256 3,775,159 1,457,545 756,311 1.154.090 2.954.318 502.370 574,500 2,331,157 5,429.228 894,408 855,968 736,223 3.665,636 470,762 1,456,737 3,739.368 15.106.338 1.434.181 745,448 1.296,084 443,651 390,768 1,695,115 1,066,180 8.063.619 759,473 457,807 $1,539,477 2,482,902 5,300,491 1,639,176 1,237,652 947,404 599,696 2,064,076 273,626 563,841 757,817 1,620,118 265,581 389,238 178.676 2,169,488 279,416 854,886 1,859,630 7.104,523 534.180 479,857 1,638,564 249.013 120,438 773.187 277.994 541.232 349,91 1 172,771 $2,282,905 4,341,065 11,195,492 3.114.265 1.834.710 425.066 1,080,687 3,948,660 722,960 1,864.304 1.645,785 4,057,870 466,695 986,025 430,624 2,033,915 523,594 1,084,674 1.572,872 9,677,049 • 1.335,553 1.578,059 2,614,357 268,257 142.841 1.157.352 540,986 135.084 604,181 353,287 145 Imports into Chile from principal countries for 5 years; values in United States currency: Countries 1913 1914 1915 United States United Kingdom. Peru Argentina India France Spain Mexico Italy Japan Braxil Sweden Bolivia Ecuador Austraha Cuba Switzerland Panama Norway Uruguay Denmark China Netherlands Guatemala Germany Portugal Belgium Austria-Hungary . Other coimtnes . . $20,088,158 36,109,211 4,810,376 3,262,654 3,187,043 6.623,260 1.135.883 231 3,176.284 141,154 971,917 30,408 53,525 452,415 3,343,832 188,929 192,801 49,197 49,848 635,766 3,889 103,944 67,211 62,781 29.578,138 146,111 6,671,427 14,225 122,383 1916 1917 Total $120,274,001 $20,148,576 22,309,086 5,380,220 2,164,939 1,979.472 4,206,107 905,684 3,386 1,976,513 94,491 725,975 23,711 124,014 449.409 6,269,379 169,821 135,931 9,359 153,828 628,083 24,427 66,478 200,466 48,525 25,889,771 104,370 4,151,372 20,587 197,215 $98,461,195 $18,638,455 13.288.603 4,762,542 2,456,681 2,768,640 1,700,383 737,992 267,288 1,732,890 349,931 1,180,948 492,239 101,997 432,328 1,203,806 196,629 76,263 33,694 346,746 291,672 440,347 63,644 162,076 9,433 3,583,589 50,806 405,615 7.717 139.264 $55,922,218 $34,458,956 20,049,544 5,596,427 2,513,181 4.551,094 3,462,373 2,032,746 477,320 1,752,293 590,169 1,133,853 717,047 199,478 237,955 453,565 327,939 203,075 30,986 540,602 183,588 440,098 101,290 351,312 46,528 452,638 94,146 67,331 522 154,056 $81,220,102 $63,534,755 23,565,591 10,176,271 7,682,106 5,340,834 5,152,006 3,251,281 2,454,068 1,652,123 1,193,282 863,257 799,884 659,463 620,671 418,062 415,286 252,766 237,125 294,317 219,817 204,872 118,554 116,163 67,718 67.527 34,436 3,970 2,270 204,690 $129,603,115 Exporta of ChUe by principal countries for 5 years; values in United States currency: Countries 1913 1914 1915 • « • • • United States United Kingdom. France Argentina ', Italy Japan Bolivia Netherlands . . . ,* .* Java ' ' Polynesia.'..*;;;;; opain Peru ;;;;;"■ Australia. ..;;;;;; Egypt ;;;;;;;;;;; Denmark . Brasii.. :;;;;;; Cape Colony. ...;;;; Canada Uruguay. ;;;; Panama Sweden ...;;;;; Russia ....;; Germany". ; ; ; ; Norway China. . . ■w_ . •Wenco Belgium... Portugal ... Other oouAtries' .".■;;;;"■ 'oreign Merohandise Exl ported. U&ordeta $30,413,386 65,648,341 8,847,885 1.034,881 652,032 1.333,481 547,274 4,470,103 987,174 933,297 22 410.506 1916 1917 526.367 424,037 34,059 30.772,743 * ' " 43,89i 105.055 6,674.869 667 42,617 1,861.735 $31,434,241 40,041,307 2,245,128 1,511,508 738,493 823,498 289,715 3,290,996 3,376 356,882 154,778 1,041,704 508,642 151,829 "" Voi5',i94 234,379 61,550 832,450 18,078,986 22.797 3,444,558 '54,362 1.964,221 $50,199,243 40,582,411 3,554,092 3,509,474 1,708,846 1,779,629 172,598 1,443,628 926,699 1,610.520 233.095 1,971.569 2.388.234 1.517,897 8,159 523,976 46,684 141,568 96.667 397.075 1,827,425 V2i8',265 700,916 125,776 1.923,528 2.011.919 $92,033,567 48,146,599 14,088,459 4,491,903 1,885,652 1,408,876 757,086 2,415,233 ' 1,393,348 1,566,736 942,076 1,177,787 329,902 1,419,295 28,284 371,763 30,738 46,045 859,404 6,971,695 $155,006,103 55,388,670 11,657,554 8,517,479 4,799,089 3,645,100 3,136,612 2,764,480 2,580,180 1,696,595 1,570,057 1,560,502 1,333,390 1,231,407 659,800 481,234 467357 199.173 116.210 61.962 11 192.002 65,044 2,781,967 4.054,971 1,215.160 'i,896',886 • t I , i 146 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Exports of Chile by principal articles and quantity for 5 yeare: Articles 1912 1913 1914 Silver ore Kilos Copper ore Tons Iron ore ;. " Nitrate " Wheat *• Barley " Beans " Walnuts •• Froien meats " Wool •• 1915 1916 535,696 84.169 6.542 2.493,082 65.995 10.373 9,593 2,761 5,081 16.013 410.297 138.394 69,106 68.893 14.100 63,506 2,666.000 1.925,245 52.291 4,053 9,305 61,811 10,840 7,843 3,544 3.929 9,843 13.068 12,786 12.166 358.806 51.853 62,079 53,716 147.100 55.020 1.991,094 2.966,678 333 10,583 28.008 15,749 3.124 13,624 1.994 2,900 15.830 20.906 14.206 13,981 Production and Industry ' The chief source of Chile's wealth is in her mineral and nitrate deposits. The mining laws of the country are liberal, a smaU rental being payable to the government for each claim exploited. An export tax is levied on nitrates. The total number of mining claims in force in the republic in January, 1916, was 28,704. Distribution of mining claims in Chile: Minerals Number of Claims Minerals Number of Claims Minerals Gold Copper Silver Gold and copper Gold, silver, and copper 2,584 12,049 605 706 2,065 Number of Claims Iron Manganese Borate .... Sulphur . . . Petroleum . 1,394 109 2.351 605 2.041 Coal Salt (ordinary) Lime Potassic salts (nitrates) 129 378 451 1,398 Annual production of nitrate since 1891 : Years Short tons Years Short tons Years 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 849.106 928,085 1,069,879 1,233,996 1,439,304 1,205,257 1,283.451 1.447,997 1,537,998 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1.623,728 1,418,417 1.491,483 1.614,675 1,694,664 1,907,178 1,980,590 2,006,560 2,142.363 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. Short tons 2.294,521 2,679,799 2,740.241 2,810.706 3.013.319 2.677,712 1,866,564 3,196,189 During the period 1907-1914 the world's consumption of nitrate increased from 1,738,680 tons to 2,708,968 tons. ^^ Number of oficinas (refineries) in existence in Chile, the number operating and the number of employees over a period of 5 years: ' Years Oficinas in existence Oficinas working Number of workmen Years 1913 1914 1915 169 170 171 Oficinas in existence Oficinas working 127 137 116 53,161 43,979 45,506 Number of workmen 1916. 1917. 172 172 116 124 CHILE 147 These oficinas used 192,632 tons of coal and 305,919 tons of petroleum as fuel in 1915, as compared with 488,454 tons of coal and 377,059 tons of petroleum in 1913. British and Chilean interests hold about 90 per cent, of the properties, the remainder being owned by North American and German interests. At the close of 1915 there were 129 coal mines in existence, principaUy located within a short distance of the ports of Talcahuano and Coronel, operated by ten companies. The production of coal falls far short of the repubUc's requirement, and coal is imported from Great Britain, Australia and the United States, and petroleum from Peru and Mexico. 1,418,000 tons of coal valued at 38,289,000 gold pesos ($13,630,864) waa produced in 1917.' The foUowing table indicates the production of coal, its value and the value of imports of coal and petroleum for 6 years (values in United States currency) : Years Tons Production Value 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 Value of Coal and Petro- leum Imported 1,074,174 1,188,053 1,344.407 1,283.450 1,086,946 1,171,564 $5,489,029 7,371.930 9.254.112 8,900,725 7,934,605 10,690,521 $12,181,214 11.741,524 15,192,848 17,150,011 15,108,518 7,405,521 The principal deposits of iron are located in the Coquimbo district, where it is estimated that 1,000,000,000 tons exist. These deposits have been acquired by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation and a fleet of 17,000 ton steamers is projected to transport this mineral. The repubUc is likewise rich in copper mines, both developed and undeveloped, which have attracted large investments of foreign capital, chiefly from the United States. The foUow- ing table shows the copper production for 1915 and 1916: Character of Product 1915 Total production Fine copper 1916 Total production Copper bars Copper ejes. Copper ores, Total. . Fine copper Tons 34.793 17.041 62,079 113,913 Tons 34,495 8,101 9,485 52,081 Tons 58,468 8,572 53.716 120.756 Tons 57,924 4.295 9,211 71.430 The production of sulphur in 1915 amounted to 9,769 tons valued at $422,021 United States currency; gold production for the same year amounted to 1,335,524 giams; silver production for the same year amounted to 40,445,061 grams; salt production f Jr 1915 amounted to 33,292 tons, the record production to date, and comparing with 27,285 tons in 1914, 21,513 in 1913, and 18,749 in 1912. A borax lake 24 miles long is located at Cebollar. <: V 148 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Agriculture, in the central valley district of the agricultural zone, is one of the most important industries. The number of farms in each province, their distribution according to size, as well as the total number of farms of each size in the country, is shown in the following table: Provinces 5 hect. and less 5-20 20-50 50-200 200-1000 1000-5000 5000 up Total Taena Tarapacd Antofagasta Atacam^ Coquimbo Aconcagna Valparaiso Santiago O'Higgins Colchagua Curic6 Talca Maule Linares Arauco Bio-BIo Malleco Cautin Nuble Concepci6n Valdivia Llanquihud Chilo4 Territorio de Magallanes 1060 1241 7 924 3214 2792 1505 2457 1616 5599 3014 1688 1926 1628 290 768 258 161 2307 2129 967 683 2768 27 39.029 159 27 1 143 3435 769 380 343 358 1019 1138 1051 2448 1274 291 1107 306 373 2456 2338 1091 1581 3957 56 26,081 66 11 1 51 122 126 196 194 147 378 339 611 939 624 320 764 727 900 1131 1044 1855 807 343 44 58 7 2 58 145 96 138 260 115 287 542 448 939 263 360 680 730 1185 996 748 1677 1018 76 28 11,749 10,856 8 3 4 24 89 36 65 153 72 149 253 225 307 263 169 329 346 370 362 286 381 542 32 8 3,395 8 37 8 51 73 45 49 63 74 44 40 40 84 97 66 77 30 82 106 8 10 983 3 18 13 10 16 6 17 13 17 2 14 3 24 13 5 14 14 4 43 248 1348 1289 16 1207 4060 3840 2345 3495 2369 7498 6738 4144 6975 4377 1473 3756 2477 3059 7073 6676 6067 4740 7184 216 92.341 Note: 1 Hectare = 2.4701 Acres. The following table shows the distribution of crops by acreage in 1917: Crop Area Crop Area Wheat 638,975 54,260 28,516 6,064 727.815 Alfalfa 107.852 178,918 122.567 Vttretables Clover Potatoes Other Pasturage Other CroDS Total Total 409.337 A recent government estimate showed that 280,256 square kilometers in the north and 60,316 square kilometers in the Territory of Magallanes were capable of cultivation, and that territory wholly or in part barren amounted to 370,000 square kilometers. A total of 27,020 agricultural machines, of which 3,777 are motor, are in use throughout the republic. Grapes are grown from Coquimbo as far south as CJoncepci6n, and those produced near Coquimbo are used chiefly in the wine industry, which is rapidly developing in the provinces of Santiago, O'Higgins and Colchagua, especially near the Maipu River. The raising of domestic animals has become an industry of great importance in the terri- tory of Magallanes. CHILE 149 1913: Number of livestock in Chile on December 31, 1915, as compared with December 31, Livestock 1915 1913 Horses. . Donkeys Mules. . . Cattle... Alpacas . Livestock 1915 725,181 36,930 61,980 1.943.954 13.108 470,332 38,100 42,050 1,900.057 Sheep . Goats . , Pigs. .. Llamas 4,592,620 393,758 229,416 22,675 1913 4,900,000 311,050 170,000 Although Chile ,3 pnmarUy a mining and agricultural country, manufacturine is developing There were recent y 80,697 persons engaged in manufacWing. The foUow- mg table Bhows the number of factories, the capital invested and the value of productTn m Umted States currency; pi^uui^t uu Class of Establishments Number of Establishments Capital Invested Breweries Glass manufactures. Mills. Sugar refineries Macaroni and vermicelli factories. .!!... Biscuit factories ' * Fruit canneries and manufacturer's" of fiiiit products Meat factories Shipyards !.*!!.!!.'!!!." Hat factories !!.*.'.'.*!![.' Corset manufacturers .*.'!!!!! Furniture factories Sawmills '//] Cement factories .'.'.",'!,'.' Textile mills ' * ^JjJ.ufacturer8 of indurtrial and " k^riVvJtural mk- Manufacturers of railway cars. Printers and publishers Tanneries ..'.'. Shoe manufacturers. .!!!!! Powder manufacturers '.'.'.'.'.', Soap manufacturers Total. Production $6,400,837 699,811 14,632,122 5,193,500 1.070,996 454,974 1,795,006 189,600 1,115,108 1,309,130 328,687 5,793,091 3,517,544 871,600 2,891,312 916,000 431,182 5,243,636 6,139.698 4,197,624 29,286 2,085,479 $65,307,229 $3,899,308 549.594 17,443.463 5,920.484 939,811 774.068 724,770 210.108 667,822 994.958 437.052 6.052,905 2,041,951 540,600 2,616.911 760,000 729,089 7,230,972 5,923.441 5,273,392 166,136 2,456,996 $66,253,837 Railways: from*Sr I'a'Sou^ 20 r*^"* ^T^ f"^""^ ^ '"«« "^^''y "^^^g"- R^Aways extend tCuehth, ?', !?^ r.*' *" ^"''*° '^°""' "2 degrees south, forming an artery ^ugh the central sections of the republic; while from ahnost every port and ^^Z town hnes radmte mhtnd, either to connect with the railways running northed souThTr to reach some important center of mining or agricultural wealth. BouSln7ot"LrA'^.*' *rr °\ '•^ «temational lines, two extending into to A™!^! mto Argentma. Future plans caU for the construction of additional Un^ •i»es were ^d« ^Zl"^' ^ *'>«.1»t«,mentioned, 148 mfles (237 kUometers) of new s were under construction. A considerable additional mileage is contemplated. * Bo i3l°v t* ,T?)f •"11'"'^ ^Yl ^""^ 2 f««' 6 inches, used by the Antofagasta <« b aU ^Z^' , "** ^ "'•'''' "^ ^y *•"« S'"** R^l'^^y^ i" -central Chile, f here <»de" i^otfr """"^ " '^- "^ ''^''■'-'<^:P->Ponion of the railway mileage i^ 150 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS CHILE 151 i r'. Post Offices, Telegraphs, Telephones, Tramways: Chile has 927 post offices and 14,006 miles of telegraph Une, 9,667 miles of which is owned by the govenmient, with 668 offices. Nine wu-eless stations are now being erected. There are 34 tramway Unes in the repubUc, operating 254 miles of line, and representing an investment of 56,039,579 paper pesos ($15,691,082 United States currency), having 831 cars and carrying in 1914, 106,470,230 first class and 43,926,878 second-class passengers. There are 13 telephone companies having 268 offices, and employing 1,097 persons and having 18,208 subscribers. The value of the combined properties is 11,866,696 paper pesos ($3,322,674 United States currency). Steamship Lines: There is one important steamship company and several smaller ones whose vessels fly the Chilean flag. The most important company is the Compania Sud Americana de Vapores, owning 10 steamships of a total net register of 14,808 tons worth, tugs, Ughters, etc., amount- ing to 3,870 tons more. These steamers operate between Colon and Panama on the north, and Paita, Salaverry, Callao, Mollendo, Arica, Iquique, Antofagasta, Coquhnbo, and Valparaiso. Constilar and Diplomatic Representatives: Chile has a conslil-general in New York City, consuls in Boston, Philadelphia, Norfolk, Baltimore, Mobile, Savannah, New Orleans, Detroit, Indianapolis, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Portland, Seattle, Chicago, St. Louis, Manila, P. I., and Honolulu, Hawaii, and a vice-consul in San Francisco. The United States has a consul-general in Valparaiso, consuls and vice-consuls in Antofagasta and Punta Arenas, and consular agents in Arica, Iquique, Caldera, Coquimbo, Cruz Grande and Talcahuano. Customs Tariff: The customs tariff of Chile provides for specific duties, usually on the basis of weight. Catalogues are not subject to duty charges. Consular Regulations: Consular blanks per set of four cost $0.25. Certification of original bill of lading costs $0.75; the same charge is made for each extra bill of lading, and each extra consular invoice. The charge for certification of consular invoices is $3.00 for any amount up to $234.66' from that amount up it increases by $0.50 for the first additional $32.13 in value and by $0.25 for the next $67.90 in value; this process continuing up to any amount. Four copies of the consular invoice are required, and should be made out in Spanish. Bills of lading must be certified by the consul, who keeps one copy. Consular invoices will not be accepted when blotted or erased. Packages must be marked with stencil, a shipping number must be marked on each package, and must agree with the number stated in the consular invoice and other documents. All particulars in connection with the mark must be stenciled on every package. The gross weight in kilos must be marked on each package and must correspond with that stated on the bill of lading and consular invoice. Packages should be marked " Made in U. S. A." although this is not absolutely necessary. Money, Weights and Measures: Although Chile is nominally on a gold basis, the chief currency in use is inconvertible paper. The theoretical gold peso, which is the commonly accepted basis of international transactions, is equivalent to $0,356 United States currency. According to the law of 1895 the gold coins are the condor, doblon and escudo, 20, 10 and 5 peso pieces, respectively. Silver coinage is composed of the peso, and the fifth, tenth and twentieth of a peso, and there are bronze coins of 2}4, 2, 1 and >^ centavos. The exchange of paper and gold peaoa varies. but the paper peso is nominaUy worth about $0.20 United States currency. It is divided mto 100 centavos. «*»«xcu The metric system has been officially established since 1865, but the old Snanish weights and measures, (see under Colombia and Argentina) are in use to a Umited extent Language: Spanish. Local Advertising Media: Important advertising media include three dailies published in Santiago, Valparaiso and Antofagasta, two afternoon dailies in Santiago and Valparaiso, three popular illmt^d weekly magazmes two fashion magazines, about twelve trade papers, including an industrial m^azi^e' '''' ^''*^°'^^^" publication, a medical journal and an illustrated agricS In Santiago besides the dailies mentioned above there are several other Spanish dailies- lUustrated weekly shippmg magazme. In Antofagasta there are four daily pape^ and a semi- weekly commercial paper. Iquique has five newspapers and Concepcion hTtwo Shipping Routes: Grace Line. West Coast Line. New York and South America Line. Goods may Ukewise be sent by most Unes operating steamers t« Colon Panama for transshipment at that port. See under Panama. ' *' ^""^ Cable Rates: From New York or New England states, $0.50 per word. Postal Rate: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: To Santiago via Panama, 32 days. To Iquique via Panama, 26 days. Parcels Post: *Mu«fL , -wi"'^ ^^°"^^ °°' ^ '«'" ^y P"<*1= Po^t. but by open maU marked Muestras am valor" (Samples of no value). Prohibitions: Cinematograrh filW International Reply Coupons: Issued. Money Orders: Issued. 1 152 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS COLOMBIA COLOMBIA A Republic in South America occupying the northwest angle of that continent and bounded on the north by the Caribbean Sea and Venezuela, on the east by Venezuela and Brazil, on the south by Brazil, Peru and Ecuador, and on the west by Ecuador, the Pacific Ocean, Panama and the Caribbean Sea. Its area is larger than the combined areas of the New England States, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Kentucky, Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. Its principal cities are Bogota, Medellin, Barranquilla and Cartagena. The inhabited portion of Colombia is mountainous, and while the whole republic lies within the north torrid zone, the elevated plateaus and summits of the Andes are responsible for the varying climate conditions which prevail in the country. The Amazon region, the Magdalena and Cauca valleys and the coast lands are hot and wet throughout the year. But the inhabited parts of Colombia, comprising the principal cities are, owing to their elevation, favored with a temperate or subtropical climate. In the northern part of Colombia the year is divided into two seasons, the wet (from December to June), and dry (from July to December). Farther south the year is divided into four seasons, alternately wet and dry. The wet seasons are called winter, and the dry, summer. It is thus the case that Colombia has climates varying in temperature from the tropical to the temperate, the changes corresponding to those ordinarily associated with changes in latitude being caused by the increasing elevation of the country. The principal industries of Colombia are agriculture, mining, and the raising of live stock. The chief agricultural crops are coffee, bananas, com, cotton, and sugar cane. The important forest products are rubber, quebracho, mahogany, and other hard woods. Gold is the most important mineral product but valuable deposits of copper, iron, and coa! exist. Colombia is second only to Russia as a producer of platinum. Manufacturing is 153 relatively unimportant and is largely confined to the production of textiles and threads soap and candles. The manufacturing industries center in Bogota, Medellin. Barranauilla and Cartagena. ^ Colombia has a verj- small railway mileage and the greater part of the traffic of the country is earned on the Magdalena, Cauca, and Atrato Rivers. Most of Colombia's imports are made through the Caribbean ports of Cartagena, Puerto Colombia, and Santa Marta. In the past the government, in an attempt to foster the trade of the Pacific Coast assessed lower duties in the Pacific ports than in the Carribbean. Recently, because of the development of the western part of the country, the port of Buenaventura has been made a port of call for steamers plying the western coast of South America Of the total imports of Colombia in 1918 the United States supplied 56 per cent. The Umted States took 72 per cent, of the total exports in the sajne year. The per capita foreign trade of Colombia in 1918 amounted to $11.23; imports to $4.33; exports to $6.90. Area and Population The area of the Republic of Colombia is estimated at from 430,000 to 470,000 square miles. The total population (census of 1912) amounts to 5,072,604. The capital Bogota has a population of 121,257; MedeUin, the second city of importance, and a mining center' has 71,004, and Barranquilla, connected by 17 miles of railway with the coast at Puerto Colombia, has 48,907. The other cities of importance are Cartagena (population 36 632) Manizales (population 34,720), Cali (population 27,747), Bucaramanga (population 19 735)' Cucuta (population 20,364), the last two being coflfee centers. The following table, compiled from the census of 1912 shows the population of each of the poUtical subdivisions of the country and its density, (capitals of the departments are given m parenthesis) : Area sq. miles Male Female Total lents . . Departme Antioquia (Medellin) . . Atlantico (Barranquilla) . . . ' " Bohvar (Cartagena) Bovacd (Tunia) Caldas (Manisales) .... Cauca (Popaydn) .' ." * ' Cundinamarca (Bogota) Huila (Neiva) ... Magdalena (Santa Maita)! .' .* .' Nanfio (Pasto) . . . Santander Norte (CdcuVa)". '. ' * Bantander Sur (Bucaramanga) Tolima (Ibagu6) Valle (Cali) Per sq. mile Total Departments. Choc6 (Quibd6) MeU (VUlavicei Intendencies Ulavicencio) , 22,752 1.008 22,320 16,460 7,380 20,403 8,046 8.100 19,080 9,360 6.255 17,865 10,080 3,897 182,006 68.127 A«i.. /. Commissaries Arauca (Arauca) Caqueti (Florencia) ...!"" jJSSI*.4^"^'^« Estrella) . . *. ! Jurad6 (Pizarro) . . futumayo (Mocoa)'. .'.[ Urabfi (Acandi) . . Vaup^s (CaUmar) .[['.[[[[]'. Prisoixteon'"':"' *;":*. ^.T^*"'' Grand Total. 258.845 440.846 356,969 54,939 205,080 276.551 170,495 103,468 338,472 73,689 70,608 142,099 99,482 191, .398 136,191 104,705 2,324.186 32,235 14.784 2.466 12,471 23,632 4.134 15.776 3.299 2.961 111.758 3.147 2.439.051 382.465 59.948 215,650 309.948 170,703 108.288 275,496 84,502 78,939 150,436 104,899 208,686 146,235 112,454 2,508.649 35.892 14,525 2.456 12.063 29.381 4.073 15.604 3.177 2.584 119.755 3.646 2.632,050 739.434 114.887 420.730 586.499 341.198 211.756 713.968 158,191 149,547 292,535 204,381 400,084 282.426 217,159 4,832,735 68,127 29,309 4,922 24,534 53,013 8,207 31 ,,380 6,476 5.545 231.513 6.793 5.071.101 32 114 19 35 46 10 88 19 7 31 32 22 28 55 26.5 11.5 154 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Large sections of the republic are extremely mountainous, three ranges or cordiUeras extending in a northeast and southwest direction. The western range borders the Pacific, the central lies between the Cauca and Magdalena Rivers, while the eastern, on which Bogota is located, falls away to the headwaters of the Amazon. Numerous rivers have some commercial and economic importance in parts of the country, the most important being the Magdalena, which is navigable for 1,400 miles from Barranquilla. The Cauca River is 820 miles long and is navigable for 325 nules in two sections. The Atrato River which empties into the Pacific close to the Panama border is 350 miles long and is navigable for about two-thirds of its length. Commerce. The value of the total foreign trade of Colombia in 1918 was estimated at $57,000,000. Of this total, imports were estimated at $22,000,000 and exports at $35,000,000. Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Colombia: Year Ended Exports Imports Per Cent. Free Excess of Exports (♦) or Imports (-) June 30 Domestic Foreign Total Free Dutiable Total 1909... 1910. . . 1911... 1912... 1913... 1914... 1915... 1916... 1917... 1918... 1919... $3,629,571 3.889,079 4,836,262 5,627.541 7.282,367 6,690,109 6.415,327 11,287,666 14.667,256 10.800.819 $49,499 90.807 69.672 121,318 115,329 96,044 260,237 379,266 2.54.313 193.380 $3,679,070 3.979,886 4.905.934 5,748,859 7,397,696 6,786,153 6.675,564 11,666,932 14.921.569 10,994,199 13.441,256 $6,073,311 6.788.504 8,194.111 10.030.841 15,104,441 14,641,503 17,683,729 20,497.408 27.572.481 24.928.315 $936,993 696.637 800.349 1.188.640 875.471 1.409,617 1,269,294 960,621 1.383.439 1.047.673 $7,010,304 7.485.141 8,994,460 11,219,481 15,979,912 16,051,120 18.953,294 21,458,029 28,965,920 25,975,988 28,267,604 86.63 90.69 91.10 89.41 94.56 91.22 93.30 95.52 95.19 95.97 -$3,331,234 - 3,505,255 - 4.088,526 - 5.470.622 - 8,582.216 - 9.264,967 -12.277,459 - 9,791,097 -14,044,351 -14.981,789 -14,826.348 Foreign trade of Columbia during eleven years: Year Imports Exports Total Imports Exports 1908. 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. $13,513,889 11,117,927 17,383.039 18,108,863 23,964,623 $14,998,734 16,040.193 17,625,152 22,375,899 32.221.746 Total $28,512,623 27,158,120 35,008.191 40.484.762 56.186.369 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 (est.) $28,535,780 20,979,229 17,840,350 29,660,137 23,333,826 22,000,000 $34,315,252 32,632,884 31,579,131 31,654,277 40,531,330 35.000.000 $62,851,032 53,612.113 49,419,481 61,314,414 63.865,156 57,000.000 Imports for five years by countries of origin. Countries 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 United States United Kingdom.. . Spain France Italy Netherlands Dutch West Indies. Germany Belgium Other countries Total $7,612,037 7.838.879 476.969 2.011.886 596.881 * " ' mJH 4.201.125 570.919 595.203 $23,964,623 $7,629,500 5.837.400 '4,40'8,666 726,100 *4,bV2,i66 499.000 5.423,080 $6,486,749 6.346,386 570,257 1.249.374 625,492 * * " " '82,i8i 2.570.424 407.525 2.640.841 28,535,780 $20,979,229 $8,661,781 5,369,668 511,766 478,480 468,412 187,347 68,032 2,104,864 $17,840,350 $16,500,000 7,500,000 700,000 600,000 550,000 250,000 150,000 $29,660,137 COLOMBIA 155 Imports by major groups of articles for five years: Articles 1912 1913 1914 Textiles Metals and manufactures. ....'.*.* Foodstuffs and condiments ....*."!!!.'!!'" Locomotion: Railway carsj oairiages, wagons, etc Soft drinks, wines and liquors! .'.*!!!.'.'.'!** Drugs and medicines \\\\ Material for the arts and trades! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Firearms, accessories and ammunition' ! " Paper, school and office supplies. ... Lighting and fuel !!!!!! Crystal, glass, porcelain azid earthenware! ! Agricultural and mining implements and machinery Hides and skins and maniifactui^ . ! ! Wood and manufactures Electrical material !!!!!!!! Animals Oils and greases ! ! ! ! ! Perfumery and soap ... .'..!!!!! Varnish, colors andink. Tobacco ! Rubber, celluloid, etc . ! ! ! !!!!!!! Musical instruments ! ! ! ! Tortoise shell, horn, etc . ! ! ! ! Explosives and combustibles Plants and seeds.... SUvercoin MisceUaneous.. Parcel post packages ! 1915 $10,547,134 2.916,925 3,054,953 1,031.711 835.772 838.349 620.251 57,439 477.522 564,063 503,579 381.588 459,607 317,402 175.639 26.017 171,734 152,170 125.862 $11,455,233 3,163.697 2,817,420 1,164,104 1,051,412 947,189 904,317 605,527 655.609 623.502 520,229 603.875 486.236 359,392 320.261 289.478 169.067 163.363 161.774 1916 Total . 102.358 69.623 75.600 94.116 365,209 $23,964,623 148.436 89.664 78,237 68,843 470,426 1.648.400 $28,636,780 $6,785,236 2.607,472 1.974,469 1,027,950 747,657 770,700 461,179 265,987 566.417 654.897 496.110 897.190 380.776 249.480 222.566 184,084 200,092 115,329 122,170 243.313 82,994 70.860 39.167 81.466 7.964 149,076 1,612.361 6,611,472 1,435,405 2,296,936 660.045 309,544 818.942 247,610 66,164 508,243 607.056 249.047 $20,979,229 891.302 354,214 174.496 169.343 8.822] 186.671 90.128 164.921 148.433 41.803 72.995 14,826 89.206 7.637 307,561 148,761 1.280,898 $17,840,350 $13,476,932 2,240,846 2.436,579 537,133 666,361 1,346,616 351,727 87,176 913,603 681,817 518,062 830,622 316.387 192.302 216.495 9.072 242.450 102.067 199.146 204,046 144.109 148,009 76.299 91,167 6,448 646,851 327,366 2.653,680 $29,660,137 Exporte under major edifications of commodities by countries of destination : Articles and Countries 1915 VegeUble products United SUtes..!!!!!! Fiance . United Kiiidom Dutch West Indies Ect^or*. Mineral pr;>ducte!! United sta£:::: United Kingdom Panama ^^"" Animal products' United SteL Spain Wiueia'; i>utch West ii&V;:! !!!!!! PraJ<;^!! -, United Ki^idom I'ffltta^ti?^-^- ••••••'•■•• ^^l ::::::::::::::: United ki^om ,. Othercou^i Live animals Panama Venesueiii Ecuador ^. UnitedStk't;; PwSa.'!!! United Kingdom;.!!!!!!!!!!; 1916 ' • • • I • • • < • «•••. $17,584,547 12.827,167 221.285 2.608.228 68,536 180,033 19.856 61,835 6,336,740 5,369,967 959.025 2.990.602 2,317.116 351.790 65,029 66,305 36,343 23,758 126,572 1.110,709 936,037 39,697 17.870 89.653 21,136 121,000 37,400 46,703 33.819 1.468 12,769 4,220 1.430 1.160 $19,460,480 16,605,387 393,122 265,502 250,698 162.707 34,512 19,372 7.289,070 6,863,683 365,170 54,500 3,115,251 2,755,921 165,766 77,949 74.029 17,328 9,159 8,105 1,173.159 1,001,912 30,758 12,368 11.350 60.276 621,906 478.966 19.526 • •••«••••• 1.762 25.968 11.442 2,042 750 156 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Exports by countries of destination for five years (United States currency) : Countries 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 United States Venezuela United Kingdom Panama France Dutch West Indies Spain Italy ,[[ Ecuador Belgium Germany ..!!..!! Other countries Addition for market values over customs house values, Cofifee and Hides Total. $15,832,882 4.376.182 '6*26, i99 '302.918 1.854,211 9,230,354 $32,221,746 $18,861,800 5,566,000 797.966 593,700 3,216,200 5,279.652 $34,315,252 I$18,272,332 5,874,512 173,726 457,993 117,640 51,996 21,078 76,594 1,779,393 2,313,076 3,494,544 $32,632,884 $21,945,602 1,590,779 3,692,207 59,550 253,986 126,510 419.885 236.269 97.585 258,349 2,898.409 $31,579,131 $27,293,608 1,718,873 650,877 551,012 405,915 326,815 195,314 174,445 98.338 239.080 $31,654,277 Exports by major groups of articles for five years (United States currency) : Articles 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 Vegetable products Mineral products Animal products ,'.".*' Manufactured products Live animals \[[ Miscellaneous products Currency !.!!!!! Gold and silver coin by parcel post Addition for market values over custom house values. Coffee and hides Total. $20,792,418 7.769.388 2,258.701 1.210,678 150.606 31,809 8,146 $32,221,746 $23,975,300 5,514,600 3,362,700 1,017,100 85,800 48,152 300.100 11,500 $34,315,252 $17,756,091 6,377.624 2,053.673 1.416.804 17,617 32,953 1.482,779 800 $32,632,884 $17,584,547 6.336.742 2.990.602 1,110.709 121.000 12.768 524,353 2,898,410 $31,579,131 $19,460,480 7.289.070 3.115,250 1,173,159 521.906 25.968 68.444 $31,654,277 {Reduction and Industry The coastal and hot regions of the republic produce com, sugar cane, sea-island cotton, rubber, cacao, bananas, fibres, tropical fruits and vegetables. The mountainous and upland regions yield cofifee, apples, peaches, berries, potatoes, wheat, barley and all products of the temperate zone. Bananas, cacao and rubber are grown on the Magdalena, and the valleys of the Atrato and Leon. On the Sinu River there is much good banana land, and about 6,000,000 bunches of bananas are exported annually from the port of Santa Marta alone, while large shipments are made from Cartagena also. The average value of annual banana exports from 1911 to 1915 exceeded $2,500,000. Coffee is the leading export of the country. In 1916 the value of the coffee exports was $15,996,032, compared with $16,247,627 in 1915, (exports for that year amounting to over 149,000,000 pounds), $16,098,185 in 1914 and $18,369,768 in 1913. Colombia exports about 95 per cent, of her annual crop. The principal coffee producing district is in the Department of Cundinamarca, in which out of an approximate total of 80,000,000 trees in the country, 30,000,000 have been planted. The grade of coffee produced in this region is known in the market as "Bogota" coffee. Sugar and cotton are grown mainly for local consumption, and some rubber and tobacco are bemg exported, the latter formerly going chiefly to Germany. Rubber trees grow wild in large areas, and are beginning now to form the nucleus of a potentially im- portant industry. COLOMBIA 157 The country contains large areas of natural pasturage and the nnmhpr ^f ..1 • The forest area of Colombia produces nearly every known variety nf f,„M j ■nchidrng hgnum-vitae, quebracho, mahogany, c^ar and ^ZutZZ^JZLZot' The tagua nut is grown and exported to a considerable extent. ' ^ ^^ ^ mangrove. areat'rinrSr^tr'luh^etfoVZ^^^^^^ ""' V^'"' "^^^^ "^ '-« "^^ five most important rniZrT;Zuc^lt^:^:i2V^\^^^^'°^^^^^ 12,181; Narino, 2,452; Caldas, 2,610; e1 vXr^l ; ToZa.li^'' "' ^°*"''"'''' and ^Z^e 'Towlte m^t'-^^T r'-'"""""'' ^''^"- ^-dinamarca, Santander 1915 amou:t- g ^TJ:m^i^z:^sS; -s t.7T °r r -: '^ gold production since the Spanish conquest is in ex^ crf*^,^^. J^^^'l'^f^ $30,000,000 The majority of the emLds mined ^aye^rCi^lmtia T^' government controls the chief mines at Muzo Poon,,., «J cT !, ^"""bia. The Colombia produces more platinum th^n any o£ eo^t ° ^nm^.'al^T' *" ''"""'; platinum were produced, valued at «494 S«S T^^ k V , '"*^ *™y """"^^ °' of Cundinamarca co^ntZh^^fTu'^- \™° T- ^ ^^ '""^^^ '" ^^^ Department located at Nerc;,n ^aq'^ t^^': tZ%Z' 7^ n" "^" '''"'' ^" ^'^'"^ ^"^ and its production (vafuXn l^^t^iolToT;, * ' ^P'^'-^' of Cundinamarca, deposits have been l'» than $500,000 each; 10 manufactories 1 fnmng ex^act feeto,^'; ! " , '^*!^"'' ' "*'"*'" ^'"'*^'y ""-^ ' '^oeolate factory and extract factory) are cap.tahzed at $200,000 to $500,000 each; 12 factori^ are 158 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS COLOMBIA 159 r capitaUzed at $100,000 to $200,000, 15 at $50,000 to $100,000, 50 at $10,000 to $50,000 and 28 at less than $10,000. The geographical distribution of these industrial enterprises is as follows: Bogotd contains 40, with a total capitahzation of $3,013,000; MedeUin 30, with a capitalization of $2,380,600; Barranquilla 18, with a capitalization of $1,370,000; Cartagena 12, with a capitalization of $2,993,000. Railways: In Colombia there are 15 lines of railway with a total length of 740 miles. Of the total, 466 miles have a gauge of 3 feet, the rest a metre gauge. Post Offices and Telegraphs: Postal faciUties between Barranquilla and foreign countries are stated to be excellent. There are 843 post offices. Mails and passengers are conveyed every three days to and from the interior. In July, 1915, there were 12,000 miles of Government telegraph lines with 625 offices. Money: The monetary unit of Colombia is the gold peso, valued at $0,973 (U. S.). The other coins in circulation are the condor, equivalent to 10 pesos or $9.73 (U. S.); the double condor, equivalent to 20 pesos or $19.46 (U. S.); the medio condor, equivalent to 5 pesos or $4,865 (U. S.); and the cuarto condor, equivalent to 2.50 pesos or $2.4325 (U. S.). The peso weighs 1.5976 grammes and is 0.9167 fine. The subsidiary pieces are of silver and nickel, the former 0.900 fine, in denomina- tions of 50, 20, and 10 centavos, the latter in denominations of 1, 2, and 5 centavos. The gold peso is equal to 100 centavos. The ordinary medium of exchange is the paper peso. By law the paper may be con- verted into gold only at the rate of 10,000 to 1, Weights and Measures: The use of the metric system, legally adopted by Colombia in 1857, is obligatory in customs-houses and other government offices. In the interior, and to a certain extent in ordinary commerce, the old Spanish system of measures survives. This system with equivalents, is as follows: Vara (yard) = 31 .496 inches = 80 cm. or 0.8 meters. Cuadra = 100 varas =37.48 yards. Libra = 1.102 lbs. avoirdupois. Arroba =25 Colombian lbs. = 27.55 lbs. avourdupois - 12 H kilos. Quintal = 100 " " « 110.20 " " - 50 " Carga = 250 " " -275.5 " " -125 " Consular Representatives: United States consular officials are stationed at Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Medellin, Santa Marta, and Cartagena. Colombia consular officials are stationed at Mobile, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, New Orleans, Baltimore, Boston, Gulfport (Miss.), St. Louis, Newark, Buffalo, and New York City. Customs Tariff: Specific duties based upon weight are assessed, and some articles pay an ad valorem duty on the declared value. Catalogues are admitted free of duty. Other advertising matter is subject to the following rates: Advertisements on paper or cardboard, with or without oleographs, and with or wifho„f cardboard frames, 2.04 cents per kilo (2.2046 lbs.) gross weight °"* Calendars m pamphlet form or for walls, 1.02 cents per kilo, gross weight Calendars m sheets, 2.04 cents per kilo. ^^ weignt. Advertisements on tin plate, 17.34 cents per.kilo. Advertisements on enameled iron, 20.4 cents per kilo Advertisements on copper, bronze, brass, etc., 51 cents per kilo. Consular Regulations: Five copies of consular invoice in Spanish are reouired RnH m„«f k ^ ^ r certification not later than the day prece^ne saih^/ TL fi . ^\^^ presented for rate of 3 per cent, of the total v JL 0?^^^^^^^ ^'^^ ''I ^* *^« stencil or brush, and weights need not beTar\" d on t^^^^^^^ must be made out for each mark- P«ph r.o«i.« \T P^^^'^age. Separate mvoices correspond to that on the co^trvof^!^' ^ """"^'^' '^'^ ''"' °""''*' --' Language: Spanish. Local Advertising Media: .There are two important dailies in Bogota, one in Barrann.„ll« or>^ newspaper in Medellin. barranquilla, and one weekly Shipping Routes: United Fruit Company. Royal Mail Steam Packet Company. Caribbean Steamship Co., Ltd. Cable Rates: ^^ Jo Buenaventun., $0.50; other places, $0.65 per word, from New York or New England Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail time: Eleven days to Cartagena from New York Parcel Post: '-.ion trereof." ??o^Ss: A™ 1Z2\u Z^co '^*'' ''r\''' '"""'> °' admissable in inf^m«f,v.r,oi • Jeweis, etc., from countries where they are not -a, ana%^\^rr:LTu'^;:tto^rzrrtr '^'''^"'^- ^^^"^ -^--^ Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Not issued. 160 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS ECUADOR A republic on the west coast of South America bounded on the north and northeast by Colombia, on the southeast and south by Peru, and on the weet by the Pacific Ocean. Its area is approximately equivalent to the combined area of the New England States and New York. The principal cities are Guayaquil, the chief port, and Quito, the capital, situated in a fertile plateau of the Andes. The city of Guayaquil is hot and humid throughout the year. At Quito the climate is perpetually springlike. There are, in general, two seasons, the wet, from December to June, and the dry from July to November. The rainy season, called winter, is broken by a short period of dry weather called the "veranillo," or '^ttle summer," which occurs in December, while the dry season is broken in September by a short wet period called the "inviemillo," or "little winter." The hot climate of the coast is somewhat modified in certain localities by the cold Humboldt current which sweeps up the Pacific coast from the Antarctic seas to the Gulf of Guayaquil. The principal industry of Ecuador is agriculture, the chief product being cacao. Other important crops are coffee, sugar cane and grapes. Forest products, including tagua nuts, rubber, dye woods, and hardwoods, are important. The raising of livestock is increasing in importance. Mineral resources are extensive, but not highly developed. The principal manufacturing industry of Ecuador is the production of "Panama" hats. Ecuador has a small railway mileage, the principal line being that running from Guaya- quil to Quito. Other lines run from the port of Bahia de Caraquez to Quito, and from the port of Manta to Santa Ana. Of the total imports of Ecuador in 1918 the United States supplied 48 per cent., and took 66 per cent, of the total exports in the same year. The per capita foreign trade of Ecuador in 1918 amounted to $13.90; imports to $4.40; exports to $9.50. ECUADOR 161 Area and Population Estimatea of the total population vary according to the definition of boundaries and no estunate can be more than approximate, since large parts of the territories claimil by Ecuador "e unexplored. The repuWic is divided into seventeen provinces, the population of which, wit h that of their capitab, are given in the following table: Province Population Capital Inhabitants Aruay Bolivar Caflar Carchi Chimborazo . Eameraldas . Gal&pagos . . Guayas Imbabura. . Leon Loja , Manabi . . . . , Oriente Ore Pichincha Los Rloa . . . . Tungurahua . 132,400 43.000 64.000 36.000 122.000 25,000 500 98,100 68,000 109.600 66,000 64,100 80,000 32,600 205,000 32,800 103,000 40,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 20,000 5.000 300 80,000 10.000 12,000 12,000 10.000 5,000 5,000 75,000 5,000 12,000 WO^^^Z'^"^^ three-fourths of the total population are Indians; there are about 300,000 to 400,000 Mestizos, 100,000 to 200,000 Whites, and a small number of Ne^o^ Commerce Of ti^lM^r- °^ "1" '°'''' '°'''^'' '""'" "^ ^""'"•"^ '° 1918 was estimated at «27,800 000 Of this total, unports were estimated at 89,800,000 and exports at $18,000,000 Value of total foreign trade of the United States with Ecuador for eleven years: Cuenca Guaranda . . . Azogues Tulcan Riobamba . . . , Esmeraldas. . , San Cri8t6bal . Guayaquil . . . , Ibarra Latacunga Loja Portov'iejo. . . . Archidona . . . . Alachala Quito Babahoj'^o . . , . Ambato Year Ended June 30 Exports Domestic i Foreign I Total Free Imports Dutiable Total 1909.. 1910.. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 1914.. 1915... 1916... 1917... 1918.. 1919... $1,846,004 2,213.907 2.234,998 2,138,124 2.550,897 2.951.038 2,767.305 3.557,362 5,916,662 4.835.926 S3,653 2.044 3.541 5.481 2.888 16,721 76,608 73,376 120.079 88.618 $1,849,657 2,215,951 2,238,539 2,143,605 2,553.785 2.967,759 2,845,913 3.630,738 6,036,741 4,924,. 544 5,017,636 Value of foreign trade for eleven years: $2,422,744 $307,628 2,593,767 265.947 3,458,821 169.984 3,556,949 171,984 2,918,929 118.760 3.262,950 332,506 3,974,264 504,493 5,329,676 518.614 10,083,296 584,478 10,126.015 ■ •*••• 761.953 1 Per Cent. Free Excess of Exports (+) or Imports (-) $2,730,372 2,859,714 3.628,805 3.728.933 3,037.689 3,595,456 4,478,757 5,848,290 10,667,783 10,887,968 9,009.005 88.73 90.70 95.31 95.39 96.09 90.75 88.74 91.15 94.53 93.00 -$880,715 -643,763 -1,390,266 -1.585,328 -483,904 -627,697 -1.632,844 -2,217,552 -4,631,042 -5.963,424 -3,991.369 1908. 1909. • 1910. " 1911.." 1912. •• 1913..:: lilt: • • • • $9,989,. 599 9,090.262 8,007,269 11.489.104 10,.354.564 8,836,689 8,402,767 8.408.143 9.330,171 10,176,887 9.800.000 $12 907,774 12,091,096 13.6.38.358 12,692,237 13,689,696 15,789.367 13,061,566 12,895,069 17,569,691 16.309,195 18.000,000 $22,897,373 21.181.358 21,645.937 24.181.341 24,044,260 24,626,056 21.464.333 21.303.212 26^899,862 26,486.082 27.800.000 162 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS The value of imports by couintries of origin for five years: Countries 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 Unitwi States $2,817,754 2,617,926 235,674 434,740 160,160 295,720 63,560 42.144 4,898 85,376 100,762 20.123 25 $2,770,599 2,414,662 364,667 326.770 299.128 389.220 52.535 34.456 17.884 34,249 24,655 13.278 60.410 $3,203,972 3,347,444 330,286 246.297 269.857 399,263 58,154 15.562 11.861 55.341 4.287 45,484 172.085 21.389 115.626 30.872 50,743 29,620 $9,354,270 2,388,795 492,160 389,244 153,361 257.317 71,511 13.005 23,732 34,157 1,978 26,439 24,329 37.766 29,403 529 6.268 25.907 $5,932,066 United Kingdom Spain France Peru Italv 2.459,624 508,667 324.510 254.765 194.941 Chile 165.399 Panama Japan.. C^rilmnhift. ..... 90.769 60,466 43.623 British India China Netheriands flwMl(>n 38,880 32.331 16.408 4.677 AiiatrAliA . . 62,553 321,155 1.563.129 10.990 80,757 278,230 1.203.566 37.701 TlAliriiim 0«»rinanv . .......... Other countries 49.761 Total $8,836,689 $8,402,767 $8,408,143 $9,330,171 $10,176,887 Value of imports by commodities for five years in United States currency: Classification 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 Oilfl in seneral $76,836 64,232 85.772 $84,273 19,456 56,214 $73,383 27.114 41.616 $87,968 8,871 81,247 $83,613 T*iv** AnimAlfi ...........••••••••• 31,636 Arms and ammunition 104,176 Alimentary substances 1.413.716 1.319,687 1.239,689 1,254,649 1,466,451 Boots, shoes, and findings 141.122 208.843 184,590 350,065 208,477 Vehicles 100,405 66.940 43.300 162,471 234,967 Cement, earths, and stones 41.697 34.944 46.451 58,476 54,135 T^athpr n)a.niif antures 84,787 295.464 64,440 290.468 18,919 280.300 18,787 459,572 37,511 Drugs and medicines 407,809 VphapIa ■ 32,531 644.927 21,705 169,252 69.391 5.181 36.474 5,409 755,740 11,036 169,825 44,321 965,424 39,157 17.729 573,333 19,075 117.313 31.064 4,403 40.8,')6 6.906 604,941 18.447 261,917 52.322 102.174 76,a57 7,061 TTRpHwftre 720,117 Matrhfifl 2.512 Cordanre 318.418 1^iiiii<*a.l inatniments 73.510 Jp'Wi'lrv 14.314 Bookfi blank and orinted 43.419 Crookerj' and glassware 98.292 73.113 41,307 103,142 165.876 Lumber, rough and finished 74.137 45.135 36.805 32,419 73.034 Machinerv 582.364 325.557 150.317 72,396 365.769 337.265 178.581 141.321 274,060 322.704 118.328 196.355 438.249 263,139 255.422 250.286 465.810 \f ininir nrnducts • 261.862 Paner in treneral 365,427 Perfumery, etc 281.692 Paints and varnishes 29,057 55.477 33,436 55.547 120,619 Ready-made clothing 352,626 356.160 297,174 528.708 527.892 Silk fabric, pure or mixed 16.900 19,955 23,097 38.563 86,636 Hats 134.807 129,879 118,841 128.762 96.599 Textiles, other than silk 1.885.071 2,163.286 1,769,942 2,180,084 2.849.472 Vegetables 53,078 63,245 84.357 158,768 216.84S Candies 107,737 143.976 161.761 212,413 182.011 Wines and liquors 225,913 235,651 201.709 233.750 21.218 Rubber, manufactures of 16,020 27,030 34.224 Miscellaneous 743.606 '51*2.285 453.001 357,014 285,840 ECUADOR 163 UnoflScial statistics of exports from Guayaqml during 1918: Articles Achiote Brooms Cabula fiber Cacao Castor beans .... Chocolate Cinchona bark . . . Coffee Condurango bark. Cotton Cottonseed Cow hair Gold products ... Hammocks Hammock straw . . Hats, Panama . . . . Hides: Alligator Calf Cattle Hogs Llama Sheep Other Articles Pounds 38,465 31,325 60,791 74,037,891 7,716 167,800 185.993 7,068,336 37,593 274,149 174.937 328 21.921 2,460 128,545 91,373 8,280 4,063 1.462.818 3.523 439 73.207 51.361 $3,397 20,753 2.685 11.445.042 596 22,233 16,429 1.014,602 1,660 121,083 3,864 17 691,551 2.168 34,064 684.799 1.097 413 366,343 389 155 25,866 5^72 Value Ivory nuts Leather, sole... Lumber: Oak Bamboo Mangle bark Orchilla Pitch Pumice stone . , . Rubber Soap Starch ■.*.*." iTamarinds Tannin extract.. Toasted coffee . . Tobacco, leaf . . Wool All other articles . Total, 136,336 125,792 64,304 103,844 1.424,708 21,522 5,175 8,547 64,265 12,015 15,086 203 88,222 1,037 870,407 2.058,672 284,531 $3,012 19,445 2.082 1.193 15.731 952 172 226 14,192 1,326 1.999 10 4.871 183 80.732 477.355 14,141 89.217,980 $15,102,501 Distribution of the export trade of Guayaqua during 1918: Countries Poimds Value Chile Colombia . . Coeta Rica , Honduras Italy Mexico Panama Countries 6,987,936 383,854 1.419 1.798 80,449 201,574 71,642 $994,324 60,926 3,972 295 11,057 34,298 27,803 Pounds Value Peru Salvador [ Spain I ' United Kingdom United States , . . 3,440.339 2,323 2,412.101 5,163,287 70,471.195 $269,648 10,599 362,573 1,132,617 12,194,389 Of teetotal amount exported, the United states received 78 per cent United Jf,WH„ 5.8 ,.r cent, and Chile 7.8 per cent.. Spain and Peru foUowing with co^l^JI^'^'""" Value of exports by principal countries of destination for five United States France. Spain.. :: ChUe Italy Peru Colombo Cuba Unitedki'n^oiV Panama ' Netherlandi * Denmark Sweden. Norway Germany Argentina' ^tria-HJi^^- «•••• xielgimQ •"•^ ^«coi^triii;; • « • • • * • • ■ • 4 *••••■ •••••• >••••■ »••■•• •••••• • • • ■ • • • • • • $3,833,728 5,382,352 669,983 521,549 336,162 86,076 43,275 86,389 1,620,092 65,677 255,726 4.982 6.832 2,627,353 48,284 84,814 37,025 80,068 $3,588,130 4,438.226 627.570 334.700 282.504 84,704 25,123 41,747 1,230.555 28,856 1,012,793 189,759 30,132 19,440 860,302 20,092 145,508 52,589 48,836 »5.678,181 1,176,335 581,810 421.278 597.538 129.448 65,397 92,386 2.664,479 37.867 980,685 256,365 114.356 42,282 21,773 $8,584,890 2,177.949 714,808 293,740 467,291 129.556 107,896 225,490 3.560,071 203.055 842.906 91.708 80.676 55,501 $12,772,005 1.447,040 682,743 630.584 142,401 140,803 135,075 117,098 109,023 105,897 164 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS ECUADOR 165 Value of exports by principal commodities for five years (values in United States currency) : ^ — ^ Articles 1913 Alligator skins ' Cacao Coffee Cotton ; • v Fresh fruits, other than bananas Bananas Gold in bars Panama hats Mocora straw. ... ■■■■•■. Toquilla straw (for hats) Hides of meat cattle Ivory nuts Rubber Tobacco Sole leather Orchilla Salt, common Matches Wool Kapok — .. .•••;••,•< Cascarilla (Peruvian bark) Mineral earths Miscellaneous $1,200 9,855,085 824,259 45.299 32.985 48,080 325.964 1,127,862 19,792 41,219 335.146 2.111.455 178,039 26 3,127 2.702 6,060 32 115 16,541 4,844 2,002 616,598 1914 S2,760 9,969.274 581,531 5.283 21,947 39,147 360,808 960,212 16.994 17,583 230.475 453,092 89,019 1,984 11,952 4,451 1915 1916 235 26,744 12,210 1,154 75,590 $9,570,306 456,888 358 15,293 33,101 522,256 827,213 10.032 8,840 235.259 519.105 193,680 88,560 27,024 1.5,196 2.829 1.427 10.441 6.104 2,889 1.416 102,422 $12,593,279 622.774 75 11.775 22.103 482.237 994,775 17.011 13,375 483.550 1.253,028 323.319 32,666 34.252 11.901 15.821 12.576 106.535 8,225 20,588 261.168 1917 $8,863 10.534.672 624.691 11 15.865 25.361 875.626 920,685 31,608 911,712 633.897 842.783 349.551 1.422 110,572 1.422 17.536 9.104 401.692 22.864 1.292 436.132 180,725 Principal exports by countries of destination in 1916 and 1917 (values in United States currency) : ^ ■ Articles and Countries 1916 Kilos 1917 Kilos Cacao United States France Spain Italy United Kingdom . . Netherlands Sweden Norway Denmark Coffee Chile France United States Peru Panama Spain Italy Ivorv Nuts 'United States Italy Spain France Panama United Kingdom . . Colombia 42,666,525 20.568.954 4,946,121 1.768.433 220.138 11,680.381 2,694.450 220,455 158.401 261.270 3.229.213 1,236.538 1.101.348 161,739 75,325 208.869 277,529 167.865 20,198,944 10,104.861 4.643.324 768.550 3,733,225 157,325 262,840 528,640 45,193,421 37,056,755 5.124.842 2.122.249 253.20•••..,, 12,480 349.551 345.507 920,685 730.202 99.514 51.173 Production and Industry altitude of 6,000 to 9 000 f.t. (3) T^l fZ ^IT^^ ^:^^S tsU eet above sea level, where the temperature is moderate andspringUke theyear^L f d 4) thejiemdo* or snow covered regions of the Andes. The count^ is traversed^m north to south by two parallel ranges of the Andes 500 miles in length. There are two seasons only, the rainy from December to May, and the dry from Tnn» to November. The coast regions are cultivated by tropical fanlg and th^M ^Z and mountam vaUeys are adapted to the raising of live stock a^ crops^wn intern perate chmates. The principal product of the republic is cacao emZ^ T • of Guayas, Lc. lUos, Manabi and El Oro. A second ^r^u^f' iS^^J'^ ZZ^ nut, or vegetable ivory. An export duty of $1.00 per 100 pounds on u3ed and «^ per 100 pounds on shelled nute is imposed by the government. * likewZ^l^""" ""^"""^y "^^ ^'^ "l^^fly to ChUe. Sugar cane and grapes are With the exception of the Andean plateau between the two Oo,dill..H.. ...j *i, bwUnds, Ecuador is covered with thick'and ahnost ure:^roitd f^ ^h 'Be^dTth tagua, rubber, dyewoods, hard woods, cinchona trees, from the bark of wh.h ^^ • extracted, and other woods are plentiful. Livestock niiZirkm!.*; L ^ ^T°^ " quantities, and the Galapagos Islands are rich in sulphur The chief m»T,nf«-.t,. • I try of Ecuador is the making of "Panama" h^t^trZtau^sZtZh^Z^"?'^"^ Railways and Highways: The total railway mileage of Ecuador is approximatelv 400 Thn ««i -i 166 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS The roads of the country are, for the most part, traversible only by mule. River communication in the agricultural districts is furnished by sidewheel and screw steamers on the rivers Guayas, Daule and Vinces. Telephones, Telegraphs and Post Offices: There were, in 1915, 2,926 telephone instruments in the republic, of which 2,250 were in Guayaquil. There is a long distance telephone connection between Guayaquil and Quito. There was 5,400 miles of telegraph with 204 stations. There are 150 post offices. There are two wireless stations in Guayaquil, and additional stations are projected for Bahia, Bohvar, Pura, and Puerta. Money, Weights and Measures: The gold standard has been established. The unit is the gold sucre of 100 centavos equivalent to $0,487 United States currency. Ten sucres make a condor, equivalent to one poimd sterling. The current coins are the silver sucre, peseta of 20 centavos, real of 10 centavos, media real of 5 centavos, and a subsidiary nickel coinage of 5, 2, 1, and ^ centavos. There are four banks authorized to issue paper currency; the Banco del Ecuador, (head office at Guayaquil), Banco Comercial y Agricola, (head office at Guayaquil), Banco del Azuay, (Cuenca), and the Banco del Pichincha (Quito). Other banks are the Banco de Credito Hipotecario and the Banco Territorial at Guayaquil, both of which are mortgage banks, and the Compania de Credito Agricola e Industrial, which operates a mortgage and savings bank. The metric system has been legally standard since 1856. The old Spanish measures are, however, still largely employed. The quintal is, in Ecuador, equal to about 101 pounds. Diplomatic and Consular Representatives: The United States has a minister at Quito, a consul general at Guayaquil, vice-consul and consular agents at Bahia de Caraquez and Esmeraldas. Ecuador has a minister at Washington, consuls general in San Francisco and New York, consuls at Chicago, New Orleans, Baltimore, Boston, St. Louis, Los Angeles, Cincin- nati, Seattle, Philadelphia, Manila, (P. I.), and a vice consul at Norfolk. Customs Tariff: The customs tariff assesses specific duties ranging from 1 to 60 centavos per kilo. There are several surtaxes which total more than 200 per cent. Consular Regulations: Six copies of consular invoice made out in Spanish are required. Four are kept by the consul, one by the steamship company, and one is sent to the consignee. Blanks cost $0.50 per set of six; certification costs $1.00 for shipments up to $50 in value and 3 per cent, of the declared value for values in excess of $50.00. Separate consular invoices must be made out for each mark. Packages may be marked with either stencil or brush, and it is advisable to also mark the gross weight ECUADOR 167 Language: Spanish. Local Advertising Media: There are about ten daily publications and the saine number of weekly and monthly publications m Ecuador The leading daily is published in Guayaquil and ther^ artwo monthly magazmes pubhshed there. In Quito there are three dailies. Shipping Routes: Grace Line. Panama Railroad Steamship Line (to Colon, Panama, thence by connecting steamer) Royal Mad Steam Packet Company (to Colon, Panama, thence by connecting tlZer ' Umted Frmt Company (to Colon, Panama, thence by comiecting steamer). Cable Rates: Fifty cents a word from New York or New England states. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Guayaquil via Panama, twelve days. Parcel Post: Service extends to Ecuador. Limit of weight twenty pounds. Prohibitions • Sugar cane brandy and its combinations; articles of food containing ^t^^^^^ mjunous to health, salt; foreign coin and any outfit for coining. »«ff-en ore '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'. tf ■** • • • •. Nails and spikes. . . Rivets, clinchers, and 'Wi'r^'fenci^! 1 m and manufactures . . Other Milk, condensed. ..'.'. Musical instruments ..'.'. Oils: Essential and medicinal Petroleum, refined Petroleum, crude ... Gasoline . . OtherT Oil cloth and'i'inoie'u'm. ^pium and preparations. . faults Paper: Printing . . Other *^erfumerv ritch Pickles' Md sauces: ::: P|pes.clay ^late and plated provisions Ijjidlery and harness'. Seeds". ||ljp«andboati::::: Soap:: SpirUs': Brandy Whis'kVy. Other. ware.. 1917 Vahie 6,542 41,822 637 77,728 7,090 2.139 1.764 2.049 62,325 23,551 34,726 5,166 33,781 Continued on page 171 37,384 42,699 27,086 993,088 161.525 1.095,912 33,168 35,870 2,723 463,721 13.283 36,813 117.038 4.868 109,132 19,053 2.654 101.114 46.400 2.663 1,961 49.560 31.634 9.387 31.812 70.465 14.120 4.060 113.985 13.262 83.005 249,379 2,046 28.357 77,014 26.547 165,376 14,421 7,442 3.280 • 4,402 20,223 6,085 43,356 65,044 973 46.921 164,661 14,801 16,180 29,017 65,956 40,077 1918 Value 6,791 67.993 171 199.239 4.521 5,788 1,685 257 60,441 17.200 19.909 1,696 28.304 117,712 47,629 42,770 639,830 297,028 1.028,633 67,360 84,604 1.781 416.148 17,623 67.694 181,105 3.528 116.630 32,438 11,687 119.811 93.976 2.524 4.627 54.414 24.642 7,122 18,489 88.695 10.979 4,396 202,285 4.157 158.930 243,758 2,455 35,892 80.381 26,377 236,063 14,807 10,079 6.291 3,142 8.334 24,392 9,384 47,778 86.061 6.500 53,593 309,778 29,968 24,565 40,046 65,449 116,748 Continued on page 172. 172 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Table Continued: Articles 1917 Value 1918 Value Stationery Sugar Stone and date Tar Tea Tobacco: Cicars and cigarettes Leaf Toys and games Turpentine Umbrellas and parasols Varnish luid polish Vegetables: Dried and canned Onions and garlic Watches Wine Wood and timber: Lumber Shooks Staves and headings Sash, blinds, doors, caskets, office and store fixtures Vy xner , Wool mamitactures All other articles Total 20,565 15.864 3.879 9,163 16.099 21,368 73,899 97,810 14,836 3.371 11,671 5,798 10,618 194,796 90,011 1,483 53,197 213.185 19.402 132.540 29,345 57,125 158,849 667.079 113.947.440 20,735 48,252 4.391 9,040 56,857 32.073 100.134 126,556 13,805 3,299 7,648 8.787 8.384 270.577 66.035 285 62,661 208,885 32,341 212,173 18,649 18 543 89,849 305,326 $16,292,249 1918: Principal imports from the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States during Articles United States United Kingdom Canada Animals Apparel Bags and sacks , Beer and ale , Biscuits Books Boots and shoes ■Z3UX xer . .••••••••••,.,,•..••••• v^anQies . ••.,. ••*• Carriages, etc.: Bicycles, tricycles, and parts. Motor cars and parts Motor cycles and parts Cattle food, oil-cake Cement Cheese Chemicals Cnal Coke and patent fuel v^onoG . . . . ••••••••••.•...•,•■• Confectionery Cordage and twine Cotton inanufacture«: Hosiery Piece goods Ribbons Other Cutlery Electrical apparatus Fiah: Canned Mackerel and saknon Smoked or dried Othc- sorts, salted Fruits and nuts Glass and glassware S29,001 112,373 37,665 124.204 3.164 3.936 212.780 225.475 2,606 5.688 196,513 3.476 6.549 386,984 11,691 112,635 46.068 ""'776 6.243 73.548 43.945 595.089 7.147 66,126 14,75S 46,051 59.691 3.134 74.226 881 44.728 27.114 $91,022 46.149 16,427 34 24.660 40.843 64 804 20,205 2,253 862 *6.663 " "71,775 376,006 66,130 • •••••• 171 87,010 4,107 569,552 10,120 201.261 10,004 2,044 351 589 10,939 fl7 1,636 4,836 8,949 72 8.114 18.519 • ••••••• 1,722 "ioe 2J5'.9i6 2,151 100 17.333 279 332 8,6i8 7 47 4,307 19,748 197.986 23.247 5.933 1.987 Continued on page 173 BRITISH GUIANA Table Continued: Articles Grain and flour: Flour Pulse Other .;; Haberdashery and millinery Hardware .' .' ' Hats and bonnets ," ," * Hemp manufactures '.'.'.'.'. Implements and tools Lard .'.'; i^atner li™?'. Machinery: Mining a Rice .*!.'.'."!.*! Sewing machines !.'.'.'.'! Sugar ][[ Other. Manure, chemical Meats: Beef and pork, salt«d Canned .'.".*.*.'.* £J^^ -, ,y*'i«"..... Medicmes and drugs Metals: Brass and manufactures Bars, rods, sheets, and plates.'..,. Bolts, nuts, and chains Copper and manufactures ....... Galvanised and corrugated siieets Hoop Nails and spikes ,' * ' ' Rivets, wire and wire fencing Other ■ ' Milk, condensed Oils: Gasoline Petroleum, refined .... „ . Other .■.::::::■■ Pamts. Paper Srif*»°« perfS^^??;:::::::::::::::::: rrovisions Saddlery and harness . &::: •'••••••• Silk Soap:: Spirite: g[j^^y Whisky.'; StaUoneri Sugar Tea....: Tobacco: Cigars and cigarettes ^ Other:::: Toys and games. : : : : UmbreUas and parasols . V.'.'.: Vegetables: Dried.. Freah.:::: Wine^^°*" and garlic'. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. [ [ [ [ [ [ [ ] ] Wood' Md timber': Lumber Shooks..:: Staves and iiekdi^s.' .' Sash, blinds, etc. 7^... W manufactures. All other articles United States Total. 166.812 125.150 147.709 31,757 100.486 14,073 28.620 137.776 58,420 24,086 109,151 41.516 41.875 411.317 227.849 2664^89 412.107 17,450 "6'7',624 91.923 1.043 105.706 20,237 10.096 114.475 77.699 9.042 33,089 16.393 46.231 46.900 204.694 141.638 26,913 22.580 109.572 10,738 3.606 980 372 37.979 18.356 18.700 7,016 '7.567 11.214 9,463 188 12,146 6,924 99,832 2,407 4.368 1,067 1,842 65,965 39,712 19.637 113,757 32,341 212,168 7,853 12,727 423,610 $7,252,721 United Kingdom 2,421 232 73,114 76,529 86,232 26,650 60.384 '7.578 10,947 8.536 6.113 673 225.171 58,873 538,629 74.604 1.734 7.180 11.889 1.590 4.330 16.277 6.213 3,917 2.606 494 3 929 12.306 3,797 82,816 3,896 16,552 7.137 40.198 21.862 34.445 287,197 947 19,047 49.909 30.468 10.075 V,282 21,017 302 113.438 8,237 6,574 516 1,558 1,490 10,825 988 4,334 74,841 352,319 <4, 189.904 173 Canada 1,360.124 14,648 134,150 14 9,860 6 1,854 710 '2,427 2,732 6,822 241,870 107 08 32 14,436 3,626 249 "982 '39,685 5,354 320 32,611 13,650 41,162 5,581 54 3,687 1,166 "17 "*9 • * • « 8,033 664 1,154 14 22,689 748 1,590 146,377 5 377 3,653 130 52,952 $2,612,080 174 i ,■' i y"! ¥ EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Export trade of British Guiana, by articles, during 1917 and 1918: Artiolea Animals: Cattle Other ;;;::: Apparel Bags and sacks, not of paper, canvas, or cotton . Beer and ale Books, printed Boots and shoes Butter and butter substitutes Candles: J. auow Other Carriages, carts, wagons, etc.: Motor cars, and parts Motor cycles Bicycles and tricyde parts Cattle and other animal foods: Molascuit Rice meal Other Cement Charcoal j^r* ^v^^ Chemicals, manufactures and products Coal: Bituminous ^ Other Cocoa, raw CoflFee, raw Cordage. '.'.'.'.'.'. Cotton and manufactures oi : Piece goods Hosiery Other Copra Diamonds Electrical apparatus Fish Fruit, and nuts for fruit: Coconuts Fruit juices: Lime juice Glue: Fish glue Grain: Flour. Indian com Pulse Rice ' " Gums: Balata Rubber Haberdashery and millinery Hardware, cash registers, house, office, etc. Hats and bonnets Hemp Hides '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Implements and tools: Agricuhural Isinglass Kola nuts [[[ Machinery: Rice Sugar ] Sewing machines Other (except for mining industry) Manure, other than chemical Matches. Medicines and drugs: Not containing spirits Other Metals: Galvanised, in bars, rods, sheets, or corrugated. Other Milk, condensed Molaisses 1917 Value $24,070 3,230 14,587 "n,366' 72,245 40,936' 4,179 1,240 33,586 66,130 12,164 185.788 * V4'.953 * 41,526 40,257 10,610 9,905 ,424,013 .024,176 8,249 6,407 1.540 533 64,093 31.290 1918 Value 911,054 5 17,995 12,814 10,484 1.156 9,001 1,905 353 2,666 2.023 825 1.107 66.013 3.457 155 1,917 40,641 6.301 31,676 29,099 16.784 53,612 2.567 73.481 1.184 49,563 20.801 164.230 1,476 22.849 30,697 8.090 17,140 29.036 854.695 918,341 9,775 3.480 4.481 5.978 1,324 12,307 1.462 196 2.702 78,584 2.396 13.346 1.620 7,130 1.863 3.604 8.748 100.983 2.471 76.222 Continued on page 175 Table Continued: BRITISH GUIANA 175 Articles Oils: Coconut (colonial).. Gasoline Limes Petroleum, refined. . Other Salt, fine 1917 Value 1918 Value 28.652 "3.448" 18 - . - . C^.^ Doap O -T Spints: Colonial (rum) Foreign Sugar Yellow crystals Dark crystals Other Tea i,''? Tobacco: Cigars and cigarettes Leaf Other ^i^l?""" :::::::::::;:: Wood and timber": Firewood Greenhart Shingles. . Other.....:::::;;; Wool manufactures . . : : Goods entered for transshipment and imports ..... AH other articles.*.;;; 2.678,932 1,223,455 10,617,475 2,742 not appearing in list of Total. 20,897 23,812 16,625 19,790 38,502 9,407 1,753,439 1.117,511 f20,7l6,508 36.424 8.475 2,274 3,820 12.116 3.810 3,256 3,721 1,167.235 60,191 1,172.801 8,651.232 147.634 4,395 422 1.231 15,937 9,386 1.576 22,951 14.249 10,253 20.260 27,965 2,320 2,119,713 551,417 fl6,9l9,029 Production and Industry the t^i r;K^7^s aTrrjy'Kr """""""^ "f ''"^ ^'"' ™--'«- ,ui,zou acres, only 198,352 acres were under cultivation in 1918. Acreage under principal crops in 1918: Of The most important product is Of this totaT^sT^Z, wret^r^ritt iS^T.^^r ''''' '"^""^ ^ ''''■ wpply the area now under cuWv-TnT ? .'^ ^*^*^ **' "^^^ ^^e present labor if taprovements al made ^ k!? '"^ "^ '"P""* "' P"^™i°8 125,000 tons annuaUy P'esmnably sm^^onurc^ ilr«LT^^^^ J''*'^ "" ''"^'^ --« ^l land '^^- are at .r^r^ir^^^^TotZTJ:^ ^ZCZ':^:!^^^ '""^- 176 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Details of sugar, rum and molasses production from 1913 to 1918: Years Sugar Rum Molasses Exports Molascuit Area Production EXPOKTS Production Exports Exports 1913.... 1914.... 1916. . . . 1916.... 1917.... 1918. . . . Acres 72,685 73,108 76,562 78,346 76,300 73,400 Tons 106,211 116,622 119,091 114,292 108,181 107,560 Tons 87,414 107.138 116,224 101,650 114,007 93,902 Gallons 3,261,693 4,059,897 5,158,704 4,716,761 3,956,938 3,911,616 Gallons 3,260,986 3,489,729 4,698,230 4,386.834 3.415,921 2.614,481 Gallons 118.699 83.197 " '149,946 208,262 Tons 6.859 2,426 2,233 997 2,424 2,756 British Guiana, which formerly imported large quantities of rice is now an important producer and exporter of rice. During the years 1889 to 1898 the average annual impor- tation of rice was 18,735 tons, while the estimated area under cultivation was 2,500 acres. Rice is grown chiefly on the coast lands, and some of the large planters are using modern agricultural machinery, including tractors, reapers and threshers. Details of the rice growing industry from 1913 to 1918: Area Yield Exports Imports Years Occupied Reaped Paddy Cleaned rice Acres Acres Tons Tons Tons . Tons 1913 35,582 39.167 43,170 25,902 7.709 6 1914 47,037 53,661 66,268 39,760 7.089 34 1916 50.737 66,374 65,700 39,420 9.057 2 1916 67.022 61,488 67,001 40,200 13.009 6 1917 68,090 64,804 70,067 42,040 14,367 2 1918 60.432 69.798 36,920 22,160 8.018 43 The difference in the area occupied and the area reaped in the above table is accounted for by the second crop harvested, which is planted in the fall immediately after the first and largest crop has been reaped. Exports of rice were forbidden by government order, except under license, from April 7, 1917 to July 25, 1918, when all licenses were refused. Cocoanut growing is an important industry. Although many of the trees are still young and have not yet come into bearing, the production is much larger than the statistics indicate, since from 10,000,000 to 12,000,000 nuts are annually consiuned within the colony, principally in the manufacture of cocoanut oil. Details of the industry from 1913 to 1918: Years Area Exports Nuts Copra OU 1913 1914 1916 1916 1917 1918 Acres 14,177 15.894 17,920 20,111 23,870 29.710 Number 876,605 1.889.921 2.090.083 1.631,367 1,911,404 1.616.190 Tons 66 841 81 106 75 124 Gallons 6.218 18,106 22.069 17,950 26.674 30,652 BRITISH GUIANA 177 Plantams, yams, cassava, sweet potatoes, eddoes and tanias are raised as provision crops and consumed locaUy. In 1918 there were 4, 130 acres under rubber. Coffee especiaUv the Libenan variety, is grown inland, and the ftiost of the coffee produced is'consumed locally. Details of the industry from 1913 to 1918: Years Area Exports Imports, raw coffee Years Area Exports 1913. 1914. 1915. Acres 3.324 4.326 4,468 Tons 40 106 77 Tons 23 31 22 1916. 1917. 1918. Imports, raw coffee Acres 4,599 4,900 5,260 Tons 224 117 238 Tons 19 11 2 The maxmium export of cacao was in 1900, and amounted to 553^ tons Since that tmie much of the acreage has been abandoned, largely because the industry requires the expenditure of considerable capital and the employment of large numbers of laborers while there is httle appreciable yield until the fifth or sixth year. Details of the cacao industry from 1913 to 1918: Years Acreage 1913 1,863 2,316 2,020 1914 1916 Exports Years Acreage Exports Tons 25 22 26 1916. 1917. 1918. 2,121 1,970 2.040 Tons 20 4 4 The Ume growing industry, which is largely in the hands of two local firms, is developing rapidly. Details of the industry from 1913 to 1918: Years Area Exports Citrate of lime Concentrated limejuice 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 Essential oU Acres 941 690 972 1.140 1.480 1,350 Tons li 6 8i 28 8 U Gallons 480 * 4.446 8,565 17,287 13,845 XJallona • • • • • • • • '290 251 180 _ Estimated niunbcr of hvestock on the coastal fringe of the colonv from 1913 to Animals 1918: 1913 1914 1915 1916 Cattle. . . Sheep. Goats. . . Swine. . . Donkeys , Mules. . . Horses. . Buffaloes 81,240 18,410 14,030 14,000 6,060 1,780 960 74 1917 1918 89,500 19,700 14,800 11,600 "6,000 2,000 1,010 100 97,760 22,150 15,290 13,768 6,078 2,137 1,000 136 93,264 22,806 14,766 12,450 6,466 2,390 1,000 150 98,950 22.840 13,750 11,800 6,670 2,232 970 160 77.108 20.611 11,236 12,532 5,332 2,442 1,005 176 r«;=- f "^ ^'^^ ^'^^ ""^ savannah land in the interior which are suitable for cattle mTnr^ I?K ' ^T!^^, district thci^ are reported to be 30,000 head of cattle and 600 horses. The completion of a cattle trail to the district has helped the industry 178 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS BRITISH GUIANA « Gold production attained its maximum in the fiscal year 1893-1894 when 138,528 ounces were reported. In 1913, 62,098 ounces were mined; in 1914, 63,801 ounces; in 1915, 53,907 ounces; 1916, 37,046 ounces; 1917, 29,546 ounces; 1918, 24,546 ounces. Pro- duction of diamonds in 1918 amounted to 14,196 carats, compared with 17,908 carats in 1917. Bauxite was discovered in 1917, and the first shipment was made in March of that year. Leases for 2,500 acres of development rights have been granted by the government. As a large amount of development work has been done, the prospect is that bauxite will become the colony's most important mineral product. The output to December 31, 1918, is 10,322 tons mined and 8,097 tons exported. The output of balata since 1913 has been as follows: 1913, 1,373,207 pounds; 1914, 1,148,725 pounds; 1915, 1,180,119 pounds; 1916, 1,478,671 pounds; 1917, 1,572,722 pounds; 1918, 1,198,192 pounds. The production in this industry is influenced to a great extent by weather conditions, the falling off in 1918 resulting from a drought in the balata districts. Several companies are interested in balata production, the largest of which in 1917 paid royalty on 912,021 pounds and in 1918 on 617,897 pounds. There are some 78,500 square miles of timber lands, owned principally by the govern- ment, much of which is inaccessible owing to lack of railway transportation and the water- falls and rapids in the rivers. The production of timber in 1918 was as follows : Greenheart, 505,904 cubic feet; other hard woods, 75,237 cubic feet; crabwood, 67,814 cubic feet; other soft woods, 26,324 cubic feet; shingles, 5,709,225; firewood, 82,494 cords; charcoal, 12,- 656,416 pounds. The chief handicap to this industry is the high cost of production because of the lack of a market for all classes of woods to be found in the forests which would make possible the complete clearing of timber lands rather than the selecting of trees of green- heart and crabwood and hauling them long distances in the forests, as is now the practice. This method of lumbering is exceedingly expensive and puts the product on the market at a high cost. Railways: (1) Demerara Railway, 79 miles, main line 4 feet 83^ inch gauge (60 miles) from Georgetown to Rossignal, a point opposite New Amsterdam, the second largest town in the colony; branch Hne (19 miles), Vreedlan-en Hoop on the Demerara river to Greenwich Park on the Atlantic coast, gauge, 3 feet, 6 inches. (2) Sprostons, Ltd., a large joint stock corporation operating in the colony, has constructed a railway from Wisner, on the Deme- rara river, 65 miles above its mouth, to Rockstone, on the Esseginbo river (meter gauge). Sprostons, Ltd., employs normally above 1,000 persons, owns a foundry, woodworking mill, ship repair yard, lumber yard, the railway described above, and a steamship and launch service on the coast and rivers. There are 74 post offices, 573 miles of telegraph (government owned), and telephone service in Georgetown and New Amsterdam. Money, Banks, Weights and Measures: Accounts are kept in dollars and cents. Currency as in Great Britain. Banks: Royal Bank of Canada and Colonial Bank, both issuing notes. Silver fourpenny pieces are the principal local coins. Government notes of one and two dollars are issued. Consular representatives: There is a United States consular official stationed at Georgetown. Language: English. Shipping routes: Trinidad Line. 179 Quebec Steamship Company. Raporel Steamship Line. Customs Tariff: The tariff is divided into two parts specifying goods subject to specific duty principaUy on the basis of weight and goods subject to ad valorem duty. The British Preferential Tanff establishes a reduction m favor of British goods. Consular regulations: No consular documents required; no restrictions as to marks Cable rate: From New York or New England states, $0.36 per word. Postal rate: United States domestic letter rates. Mail time: To Demerara direct eleven days from New York. Parcel Post: Service extends to British Guiana. Limit of weight, 11 pounds Prohibitions: Parts of articles subject to customs duty. Money orders: Issued on domestic form. International reply coupons: Not issued. DUTCH GUIANA .K^ '''l^u^u''^*^ ^f ^«^la^ds, situate between British and French Guiana, and bounded on the north by the Atlantic Ocean. Area, 40,000 square miles; population 91,622. Capital and only town of commercial importance Paramaribo, population 38,191. The majoritv of the population is Negro. There are about 65,000 acr^s under cultivation, a large pr<>. portion of the country being covered by forests. Cacao is the principal agricultural product sugar having led formerly; coffee, cott»n and balata have also decUned, owing to labor fr^a .^"^ ^™^ ^ '''' *^^ ''''''^^- ^^^'^ production has declined. Gold is mined (886,458 gramsin 1916). The country is chiefly alluvial. Transportation is largely by nver steainere. There are 109 miles of railroad, the only important line extending f^m Paramanbo to Nacaun, a gold shipping point on the Surinam River. Lack of transporta- loTs fot'^^S' ^f^^^^P™^^* 1*»^« «o^*^- Foreign tn.de per capita amoun^S in l»18 to $39.89. Imports, $25.77; exports, $14.12. Commerce .„H Jo «of^i^ *'^* '°J®** amounted to $5,1H531, of wWch $2,362,526 were imports ana 9Z,962,W)5 were exports. Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Dutch Guiana for eleven years: Year Ended June 30 Exports Domestic Foreign Total 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 191.5 19lfi. 1917.: 1918., 1919., Imports Free $610,241 683.230 720,623 785,645 697,706 707.94.'> 574.954 705,905 1.235.072 947.928 Dutiable Total $1,846 2.659 2.230 6,568 6,781 3,537 8.138 7.159 7.644 34,479 $612,087 685.889 722,863 792,213 704,487 711,482 583,092 713.064 1.242,716 982.407 2.087.416 Per Cent. Free Excess of Exports (+) or Imports (-) $650,739 550,232 840.147 696.346 665,960 1,018,342 454,170 477,462 954.684 763.023 $215,004 375,550 159.074 252.336 155.600 7.708 232,339 130.219 693,853 209,372 $865,743 925,782 999.221 948,682 821,460 1.026,050 686,509 607,681 1.648.537 972,395 868,064 75.16 59.43 84.08 73.40 81.07 99.25 66.16 78.57 57.92 78.47 -$253,656 -239,893 -276,368 -156,469 -116,973 -314,568 -103,417 +105,383 -405.821 +10,012 +2,219.052 ! 180 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Value of the principal imports from all sources and those from the United States during 1917 and 1918: Articles Total 1917 1918 Ammunition and explosives. Beef, salted and smoked Beer, stout, and ales Books, all kinds Bottoms, staves, and hoops. Biscuits, all kinds Butter and siibstitiites Candles Cement Cheese Cigars Coal Dry goods and clothing .... Earthenware Fish, salted and smoked Flour and meals Hats Hides and leather Iron, all kinds Jewelry Lime Nails and spikes Notions Oakum Oils: Mineral Vegetable Opium and ganja Paper, print, etc Pamts and varnishes Pork, salt and smoked Potatoes Rice Shoes Rope Sacks Salt Soap Tea Tin plate Tobacco Vinegar and essence of Wine, all kinds All other articles $11,544 248,382 52.277 8,937 6,755 19,583 72,071 6,514 11,039 7,788 20,367 62.980 423,657 7.012 161,749 310,895 18,047 40,862 60,198 993 10,284 8.117 1.941 1,941 161.329 102.160 13,584 36,850 34,917 64.954 12,020 59,106 19.962 174282 79.620 9.792 48,068 8,788 248 39.266 5,289 17,305 763.887 $164,332 45.151 1,546 14,310 7,132 66,967 7,606 12,973 8.646 7,856 ' 529.926 4,829 142,496 27,389 20,777 18.444 81.488 796 6.161 9.898 2.163 Total $3,068,376 $2,362,526 Share of the United States in the exports of 1916 and 1917: Articles Total 1916 1917 Balata Cacao Coffee Gold, raw Hides Molasses Rubber Rimx Sugar Wood All other articles Total $925,410 547.854 369.939 496,416 5,250 5,018 10,846 71,390 755,554 12.147 21.776 $3,221,600 $1,241,043 400,793 235,030 392.752 3,260 12,738 5,102 39,104 1,072,892 21,326 8,818 $3,432,868 From United States 1917 1918 $2,209 291,539 15,038 621 * 18.666 16,858 6.172 9,342 2.584 1.912 55,880 141,192 1.032 30,784 270.912 3,104 18.498 39,623 938 10,060 5,365 48,100 1.674 66.240 120.391 19,002 75,412 3,467 2.308 17,367 14,389 12.544 19.255 26.546 56,673 14,366 12.362 22.900 716 37,076 13,474 10,759 4.063 63,107 13.602 6,849 290 34,012 26,664 13.857 6,548 195 36.i8i 14,561 2,294 4,400 18,086 5,686 779,979 182,791 2.362,526 $1,546,863 $152,821 37.707 1.026 *6.i24 50,922 6.979 11.951 6.108 1.726 " 1*96,667 3,066 67.788 9,783 7.197 10,173 59,694 244 20 6,989 1,749 60,990 11.300 13 13,198 11,026 36.924 10,844 16,147 26,155 5.148 782 10,585 11.603 '2J5",248 2,252 12,678 415,296 $1,304,222 To Unit«d SUtes 1916 1917 $271,828 374,807 493,628 2.358 ' " 10,846 425,638 3,108 1,283 $1,683,496 $654,025 363.257 1,032 298,816 2,662 4,920 36 733,008 19,813 731 $2,078,300 DUTCH GUIANA 181 Exports to principal countries of destination during 1917 and 1918: Countries 1917 1918 Barbados British Guiana Curasao French Guiana Netherlands. . . Trinidad Countries $4,349 725.865 25,014 167.493 254.035 124,009 1917 1918 $9,549 1.315.538 23.273 326,300 United Kingdom. , United States All other countries Total $43,176 2,078.300 10,627 $3,432,868 $35,114 1,122,231 $2,832,005 Value of the principal items exported from Dutch Guiana during 1917 and 1918: Articles 1917 1918 Balata. . Cacao... Coflfee... Fiber. . . Gold.... Hides... Molasses. Articles $1,242,053 400.793 235.030 ' 392,762 3,260 12,738 $900,032 493,672 314 2,189 389,765 1,813 5,743 1917 1918 Rubber Rum Sugar Wood All other articles Total $3,432,868 $5,102 39,104 1,072.892 21,326 . 20,556 $2,577 64,981 944.193 12,238 14,488 $2,832,005 Language: Dutch; English is sometimes used in commercial correspondence. Shippmg Routes: Royal Dutch West India MaU Line. Trimdad Line (to Demerara, British Guiana, thence by comiecting steamer). Quebec Steamship Co. (to Demerara, British Guiana, thence by connoting steamer). Customs Tariff: a^^d ;r Td ^r:i s ""^ '"'^''^ '^ <'»'^- ^y o-<^ - -^-^t. Cable Rates: From New York or New England: via Haiti, J1.38; via London, $1 88 Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Hail Time: About ten days. Parcels Post: Service extends to Dutch Guiana. Parcels can not be registered Twn copies of the "Custonu, Declaration" must be attached to each pLS Honey Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. FRENCH GUIANA 8outh\"°n°^J° ^"*'' ^^"'^' ^'^'^^^ °° *■•« '^^^ by Dutch Guiana, the east and SinTiv V '^•, T'^": *••" °'^y ^"^ °' importance and only seaport, had Sah^^ l'««'° I •, T'>^'=° o^y has been used as a penal settlement for habit^ uauy exceedmg $2,000,000 m value. There are 225 claims and concessions being de- 182 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS PARAGUAY \ veloped. Phosphates are also worked and exported. Vegetable oils, cacao, rosewood and balata are also exported. The total imports in 1915 were valued at 11,657,970 and the exports at $1,853,620. There are no railways. Commerce Eleven year table of the total foreign trade of the United States with French Guiana: Year Ended Exports Imports Excess of Exports (♦) June 30 Domestic Foreign Total Free Dutiable Total Per Cent. Free or Imports (-) 1900.. $370,520 298,803 286,685 248,596 337,375 294,986 418,762 490,570 619,300 744,973 $1,095 1,470 349 228 339 348 2,535 3,047 7,340 16,933 $371,615 300,273 387,034 248,824 337,714 295,334 421,297 493,617 626,640 761,906 1,270,616 $39,728 21,147 31,433 50,707 84,166 $39,728 21,171 31,433 50,811 86,386 100.00 99.89 100.00 99.80 97.43 +$331,887 +279,102 +255,601 +198,013 ♦251,328 +295,334 +393,138 +441,103 ♦«26,576 ♦756,915 +1,253,836 1910. . 1911.. $24 1912.. 1913.. 1914.. 104 2,220 1915.. 1916.. 1917.. 1918.. 19,990 18,600 35 4,991 8,169 33,914 29 28,159 52,514 64 4.991 16,778 70.99 35.42 54.68 100.00 1919.. Communication : Principally by coastal and river steamers and launches, run for the most part by the Societe Francaise de Navigation el de Transports de la Guyane which has its head office in Paris. Bank: Bank of Guiana, Cayenne. Currency: As in France. Weights and Measures: Metric system. Language: French. Shipping Routes: Raporel Steamship Line. Goods may likewise be shipped via Demerara, British Guiana, or Trinidad, for trans- shipment to French Guiana. See under British Guiana and Trinidad. Customs Tariff: The customs tariff of French Guiana is simple, providing for specific duties, principally based on weight. There is a large free list. Consular Regulations: As in France. Cable Rates: via Haiti, $1.31; from New York or New England states. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Twelve days. Parcels Post: Service extends to French Guiana. Limit of weight, 11 pounds. Parcels can not be registered. Two copies of the "Customs Declaration" must be attached to each parcel. Prohibitions: Same as for France, except that tobacco may be imported subject to payment of customs duty and other charges. Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued* 183 £OLI\riJi 1 Uoo aoo AOO 50(. J PARAGUAY A republic in South America bounded by BoUvia, Brazil, and Argentina. Its area ■s approximately equivalent to that of the stete of Missouri. The capital and principal oity, Asuncion, is about as large as Salt Lake City in population. t.. .hIl'ofTh?u'n1-.L"T7'. ''"^"'' 1 '*" T""" '°"*'' "' **•« «^"^*«^ «^« *e opposite 11 tnoae of the United States; spring is from September 21 to December 21 <,.imm»r f^^T The principal industries of Paraguay are agriculture and the raising of cattle The chie agricultural products are yerba mate, sugar, and tobacco. The growing of oranges -nportant, as is the exploitation of the valuable forest resources, especially of the que- .racho t,^. The livestock industry is increasing in importance, and American capital ha« "icently become interested in this field. Manufacturing is relatively unimportant. Although the railway mileage of Paraguay is comparatively small, the chief cities of Tie' r »-;<""'«''t«'l with each other and with Buenos Ai,^, Argentina, by rail, crt IS, in addition, steamship service between Buenos Aires and Asuncion. V^Z'i^T't 'T"*" "' ^""'^"' '" '"' "^^ ^'""<"' •^'^^^^ '"PP"-^ 19 P«^ eent- The J d States took 4 per cent, of the total exports in the same year. The per capita foreign -^le of Paraguay in 1918 amounted to $20.74; imports to $10.20; exports to $10 54 184 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Area and Population The approximate area of Paraguay is estimated at 171,000 to 196,000 square miles, over 100,000 square miles of which, known as the Chaco, lying between the rivers Paraguay and Pilcomayo, are the subject of a dispute between Paraguay and Bolivia. The total population of the country, according to the estimate of 1916-17 was 1,000,000, exclusive of about 50,000 Chaco Indians. The Guarani Indian predominates in the popula- tion, and with Europeans, chiefly of Spanish blood, and Negroes make up the major portion of the population of Paraguay proper, which lies between the Paraguay and Alto ParanA Rivers. The population of the chief towns and the surrounding districts, according to the estimate of 1916-17 follows: A8unci6n (capital) Villarica Concepci6n Luque Carapegnil 120,000 26,000 15.000 15.000 15.000 Encamaci6n . Paraguarl Villa del PUar San Pedro 12.500 10.000 10.000 8,700 Commerce « The value of the total foreign trade of Paraguay in 1918 was $21,777,794. Of this total, imports amounted to $10,720,073 and exports to $11,057,721. Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Paraguay for eleven years: Year Ended June 30 Exports Imports Per Cent. Free Excess of Exports (♦) Domestic Foreign | Total Free Dutiable Total or Imports (-) 1909... $52,268 61.142 86.986 161.661 187.867 172.712 40,158 73,449 227,065 670,706 $52,268 61,142 86.986 161,661 187,867 173.191 40,205 73.452 227.065 670.766 734.370 $16,777 29.170 34.496 9,443 58.243 63,531 933 1,733 1,996 13.719 $16,777 29,170 34,516 9.443 58.285 64,651 28,126 53,337 66,003 69,797 363,159 100.00 100.00 99.94 100.00 99.93 98.27 3.32 3.25 3.01 19.66 ♦$35,491 ♦31,972 ♦52,470 ♦152,218 ♦129,.582 ♦108,540 ♦12,079 ♦20,115 ♦161,062 ♦600.9(i9 ♦371.111 1910. . . 1911... $20 1912... 1913... 42 1.120 27.193 51.604 64.007 66.078 1914... 1915... 1916... 1917... 1918... 1919... $479 47 3 1 60 • Foreign trade of Paraguay during ten years: Year Imports Exports Total 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 $3,930,399 3,655,372 6,194,732 6.460,670 5,163,329 7,876,397 4,994,981 2,333,711 4,. 538,662 4,945,624 $3,731,745 4,956.855 4,744.825 4.569.826 4.087.472 5,462,001 4,446,827 5.447,687 4,715.828 6,304.585 $7,662,144 8.612.227 10.939,557 11.030.496 9.250,801 13.338.;i9S 9.441. SOS 9,78l.:i9S 9,2.54.490 11,250,200 PARAGUAY Imports by countries of origin for five years: Countries 1913 1914 1915 Argentine United Kingdom. United States Spain Bra«il Italy Uruguay France Germany Netherlands Belgium Switzerland Austria-Hungary. Other countries . . . 1916 Total. $1,057,456 2,254.313 473.679 417,128 44.739 479,953 58.360 520.985 2.176.607 29.760 184,234 15.239 85,113 78,831 $7,876,397 $902,486 1,138,021 416,082 271,936 23,235 345,626 36,984 251.410 1,356.063 9,529 113,372 11.335 66.927 51,975 $4,994,981 $765,354 771.037 210.232 113.718 8,904 169,685 30.140 56.755 161,669 13.433 4.463 1.610 1,013 25.698 $2,333,711 $1,553,069 1.745.037 564,672 175,204 34.8^9 256.233 50,712 70.794 31,171 16,004 2,347 11.103 28.487 $4,538,662 Imports by major classifications for five years: Articles 1913 1914 Textiles Foodstuffs ! Hardware Fancy goods Wines, spirits, etc Drugs and chemicals Ready-made clothing Animab Hats '.'.'.'.'.'.'. Electrical supplies '.', Glass and china ware. ....'.' Firearms and ammunition. Hides and skins Boots and shoes Musical instruments. ..'.'. ". Furniture Tobacco !!!!.'!.'.'! Jewelry© .'.'.'.".'! Vehicles and accessories... Material for public works. Miscellaneous 1915 1916 Total. $2,195,029 1,697,740 1,608,461 667,967 377.270 299,446 176.275 130.394 124.021 82.206 102.223 65,732 61,455 67,662 40,370 28.660 15,666 17.249 43,669 386,163 $7,876,397 $985,921 1.315.654 1,127,391 298,835 199,249 227,701 105.616 63.501 41.066 83,344 71.997 58.793 31,002 38,164 17,128 24.628 14,431 4,712 34.209 251.648 $4,994,981 ® In 1916 and 1917 not separately stated. Exports by countries of destination for five $770,237 639,864 311,035 97.714 78,977 114.225 92,996 38,876 14,584 10.829 13.364 3.550 13.333 7.616 2,526 2,408 6,289 1.015 13.622 100,651 $2,333,711 $1,869,576 1.037.166 750,599 196,2,56 143,113 160,486 153.615 61.753 30.986 31.667 21.246 11.531 24.901 26.096 6,656 4,654 6,203 2.696 "564' $4,538,662 185 1917 $1,803,417 1,449.638 842.002 300.432 278.733 131,731 81,176 74,795 17.355 9,055 838 1,953 16 54,453 $4,945,624 1917 $1,862,245 1,382,571 539.836 273.159 202,854 199,031 161,726 96,620 50,943 17,018 37,133 31,165 31.688 30.826 7.676 6.365 5,801 7,182 1,886 $4,945,624 years: Countries ^"° Uruguay. . . . United States.'. ■.'.!.'■'" Tance.. Italy u;uWkii,,dom.::::: Netherlands. Norway... Auatria-Hunga^V.::::, ^trmany ^f nmark ^^"coumriei: ::::;: ; 1916 1917 $3,410,926 26.195 673,784 ToUl. 33.069 11.109 158 37,740 56.130 10.124 1.198.686 6.081 $2,634,760 78.621 672,929 10,724 49,466 31,790 112,082 26,184 107,393 $6,462,001 34,479 '786,169' ■2',24i ■ $4,446,827 $3,528,186 63.527 556.812 293.926 68.615 37,412 191.362 27.432 636.048 53,827 4,272 58.078 28.200 $5,447,687 $3,467,867 361,420 222,405 227,287 126.022 141.807 77,624 15,245 74,997 $4,821,718 570,890 438.436 199.189 173,115 55,323 32,718 6,232 1,357 1,154 $4,715,828 5,607 $6,304,585 vl t 186 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Exports by principal articles for five yean: Articles 1913 1914 1915 1916 Quebracho extract Tons Cattle hides No. Yerba mat6 Tone Tobacco Tons Quebracho logs Tons Logs, other Tons Posts No Oranges No Beef cattle No. Oil of petit grain Tons Tallow Tons Horsehair Tons Horns Tons Bran Tons Meat extract Tons Preserved meats Tons Beef meal Tons Jerked beef Tons Sugar Tons Heron plumes (aigrettes) . .Grams 1917 11.730 12.710 307,806 265,900 4.266 3.331 5,426 4,532 13.068 8,417 7.977 6.882 778,870 580.212 168,040,040 149.151,050 36,546 24.385 33 26 200 164 91 67 295 191 397 693 14 17 133 34 43 1,714 745 421 44,050 35,930 18.308 286.277 4.709 7,125 2,323 5,186 749.096 216,996,750 29.509 38 299 82 46 321 5 355 1,074 '18.098' 21,136 29.899 186,435 253.952 3.275 3.845 6.837 6.988 1.006 1.645 8.608 38.955 596.734 1.073.652 189,382,503 174.752.000 28,410 62,936 46 61 81 237 98 95 33 49 473 1 115,600 1.034 "860 Production and Industry The chief industries of Paraguay are the raising of livestock, and a small concomitant meat packing industry, the cultivation of yerba mat^, or Paraguayan tea, tobacco, the export of petit grain oil, made from the leaves of the sour orange, quebracho extract and wood, curupray wood, the cultivation of sugar, and the following agricultural products- maize, beans, sweet potatoes and mandioca, for local consumption. The distribution of land, according to the official statistics, is as follows (in acres) : Total area Of which used as follows : Stock lands Yerba mat4 lands Timber Tobacco Sugar cane Forage Rice Other crops Town lands Unexploited government land 100,035.000 65.977.150 29,640,000 6,946,875 19.760,000 24,700 14.820 19.760 9,880 11,115 24,720 44,033,110 The estimated number of livestock in Paraguay in 1915, as compared with 1899 and 1877 is shown by the following table: Livestock 1877 1899 1915 Cattle 200,525 6.668 21,140 2,799 3.026 2.283.089 214.058 182.790 7.567 23.887 32.334 5.249.043 600.000 478.000 35.000 61.000 87,000 Sheep Horseg Mules and asses Hogs ; Goats PARAGUAY 187 The total number of cattle in the year 1915, compared with other important cattle producmg countnes is shown m the following table: Countries Number of Cattle Approximate Population Number of Cattle per 1,000 Inhabitants Number of Cattle per Sq. Kilometer Paraguay, Uruguay . Argentina Brazil. . . . Australia . 5,249.043 8.192,602 29.120,000 30,705,000 11,819,000 1,000,000 1,226,000 7,500,000 22,300,000 4,750,000 5,249 6.518 3.882 1,376 2,488 11.8 41.6 9.7 3.5 1.5 During a period of years the exporte of cattle, hides and skins has been as follows: Years Live Animals Exported Hides, Skins Exported 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. Percentage of Total Cattle 343.458 302,512 342,703 398,048 342,782 340,692 8.3 7.3 7.9 9.3 7.4 6.4 -nie sugar industry is growing in importance. The greater part of the sugar and sugar 3 has been used until recently in the manufacture of indnsfrial oi..i,.i Ja .. ...__^ ,, ^ L L ... ° 1— ^..**^.v,. A "c 1^1 CO uer pare oi me sugar a a^ati^,^'' ''^^''*^^ ^ *^^ manufacture of industrial alcohol and of ov./^^ ^^^^"T^ ^^^^ «^«^« t^« production of sugar cane, sugar, alcohol and over a penod of six years. cana. "cana" Years Cane Tons Sugar Kilos 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 Pounds Alcohol Liters 16,417 9,161 19,837 30,939 46,107 36,555 834,000 478,000 849.800 1.461.000 2,559,000 1.636,377 1.838,655 1,053,810 1,873.488 3.220.931 5,641.584 3,387.109 130,000 77,000 217.000 403,720 415,200 235,175 Gallons "Cana" Liters Gallons 34,342 20,341 57,325 106.651 109.684 62,126 42,525 75.560 257.710 475.500 53.350 807.500 11,234 19.961 68,079 125.613 14,093 57,457 include ^,!tL '° *'"'*':!i'°.° "> ^^" """ "-120 acres. During the years 1910-1914. In ms oX?, Jt*" "^^"^ '° '^°""*' """^<' ^'""^ 3'«25.266 to 5,751,647 pounds f^m Sfi] "^1 . '"^LT "°'"'*^- '^'^^ ^^^'''^^ ''"«'""* of «"«" obtained S^r^^t ^"^ ?n ! '!'"7»"«' '«"" 4-3 per cent, to 5.5 per cent., aa compared with The 8^1^ K^fl '. 1 "^ percentage being due to antiquated machinery and methods tuienes throughout the repubhc which produce "cana." (Par Julitawlrt^'t"* '"'^'^'^"" 1*' ''""''"'= ^ *^ P""'"'=«°" "^ y*^"'" "^^ hi<,Zr^rf'' * *^ ''^"'^ '^^^ ■" '•'e eastern and central parts of the country '-I^o^t^t '''""" "T-'^ "''' ''•'^''^ P-P'« - ^^^ Am:ricl te rSr "ereTgTelt^ T: ?''' '«»*»'' O" it^ export from Paraguay. In 1917 there 'X'mpar^^v^^^^f/^ '? '*" P'^d-'efon. the yield amounting to 7,049,500 Idlos, as pared with 7,862,250 kdos m 1914. The Departmente of Concepcion. Encamadon 188 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS San PedrO; Ihu and Caazapa produced practically the whole of this amount. Of the total produced in 1915, 4,709,213 kilos were exported. The tobacco crop is one of the principal sources of revenue, and is cultivated chiefly by small farmers. Between 60 per cent, and 70 per cent, of the annual production was exported chiefly, before the war, to Germany, but also to Holland, Argentine, England, Denmark. Norway, Italy and Uruguay. The following table shows the exports of tobacco in recent years: VpftTft Amount Exported. Years Amount Exported. Bales (Kilos) Weight (Pounds) Bales (Kilos) Weight (Pounds) 1908 51,340 50,483 59.424 72,422 5,034.657 4,850.935 5,622.803 6,435,358 11,099,506 10,694,490 12.396,145 14,187,500 1912 1913 1914 1915 45,454 61.077 59,258 74,655 4,001.892 5,827.762 4,648,648 7,378.934 8.822,671 1909 12.848.003 1910 10.248.524 1911 16,267,806 In recent years, orange raising for export has become an extensive industry. Owing to the fact that the Paraguayan orange ripens some weeks earlier than that grown in Argen- tina and Uruguay, those countries offer a good market. The number of oranges exported during recent years has been as follows: 1910, 136,052,630; 1911, 129,722,910; 1912, 125,591,180; 1913, 168,040,040; 1914, 149,150,050; 1915, 216,998,750. The leaf of the sour orange yields an essential oil known as petit grain, used in the manufacture of perfumes and flavoring extracts, which is exported to a considerable extent from Paraguay. Quebracho wood, and the tanning extract derived therefrom are exported, chiefly to Argentina and Uruguay. There are at present six quebracho factories operating in Para- guay, five of which are controlled from Buenos Aires and are presumably of Argentina ownership. The International Products Co., an American corporation, has just built the sixth plant at Puerto Pinazco, Paraguay, and began operation about the end of the year. The five Buenos Aires controlled plants, the names and addresses of which appear in the table below, export all their products to Buenos Aires, whence, it is understood, the bulk of it is re-exported as Argentinian extract. The American company will export its quebracho extract direct to New York. The following table shows the number of tons of quebracho extract produced in Paraguay during the years 1915, 19J6, 1917 and 1918, by companies: Companies 1915 1916 1917 1918 Campos y Quebrachales, Puerto Sastre Compania de Tierras Carlos Casado (Ltd.), Puerto Casado. Sociedad Forestal. Puerto Guarini Quebrachales y Estancias. Puerto Galileo Quebrachales Fusionados, Puerto Max Total Tons 5,200 7,340 5,658 2,347 7,876 28,421 Tons 4,800 6.257 3.228 1,074 15.359 Tons 7,700 6,977 4.305 2.671 3.252 25.103 Tons 7.500 4.897 6,033 940 3,810 23.180 In spite of the higher prices for which quebracho extract has sold since the war, the production has been considerably below normal, due chiefly to prolonged strikes of trans- portation companies of Paraguay and Argentina, during which time all shipping had to stop because of insufficient warehouse space to store accumulated stocks at the plants. Accord- ing to statistics furnished by the factories, the average yield of extract per ton of quebracho logs is about 23 per cent. Manufacturing has as yet assumed relatively httle importance in Paraguay. There are one large flour mill, one boot and shoe factory, and one brewery capitaUzed for amounts varying from 250,000 to 700,000 gold pesos. PARAGUAY 189 Railways, Telegraphs: The total railway mileage of Paraguay amounts to 467 miles, of which only about 291 miles represent a common-carrier service, the rest being owned and operated by nul bracho companies for the transportation of logs. Extensions to the Para^ay CentrlJ Railway are planned which wUI connect Asuncion with the Atlantic seabo^d via Sa^ Paulo-Rio Grande Rai way, and a Une is hkewise planned to extend through thrChact Vm^Zf}. r"""t '1^'''^'' ^ '"'^'^^^'^ ^^'^ ^"«^«« Aires by rail and steamshTp TYaffic on the steamship hnes predominates. There are 2,050 mil J of tele^aph aTd 46 offices m the repubhc; and three radio stations. Money: of Pa™*^ 'no' JoIh"' "' *°-«f\^'"'*-' S'^'- "—y. - the nominal monetary unit of Paraguay. No gold ,s current, however, and paper pesos, with a subsidiary nickel comage of 5, and 20 centavos. forms the medium of exchange. The paCcurncv wa t^^r fluctuations; for a considerable period before the war the ratT^ exchange was 1,500, the paper peso, thus being worth $0.06 United States currency. In Jdy 1914 ir rr^x asx:TiTo^^"o^ *^?'T --■ r 4""^ he stab,hzat,on of exchange by which all exporters must declare the gold%Sue ofThllr exports and buy paper money at a fixed rate from an exchange bureau ^tewf-hllL I goyemment, thereby leaving the gold in the country. The governZt p^f at the di^L* .^ 1 tf, ""f^Z '"""' * '""•* "' ''■'^•'^ Pape 'pesos. pTu. the ^0^1 re^fv^C the sale of gold currency, and the available funds of the Banco Amcola Tm! If k «ly stabilized the exchange rate, and improved th: g'Zl ZTI co^^tio'^^f th^ ^Q7 1*"^™ "!u'f ^^?^ '" Paraguay with a total capitalization of $4,629,244 gold $56 650 397 paper, w.th total reserves amounting to $1,232,974 gold, $18,10^,102 Jp^l foSl Banks Capital Gold Pesos Paper Pesos Banco de la Republic «anco Mercantil de Paraguay. ' ' Banco Agricola del Paraguay ' S^nco de Espana y America .' " ^aya de Credito Commercial . Banco Constructor del Paraguay. Total Reserves Gold Pesos 4,000,000 629,244 4,629.244 Paper Peso* 20,000,000 34,590.000 594,366 1,466,500 56.650,397 1,215,447 17,527 1,232.974 18,000,000 102,102 not stated 18,102,102 I>iplomatic and Consular Representatives: Part^'^^ ^^^ ^^ * "^^^^'^ ^^'^"^ ^^^ t^« Vice-consuls at Asuncion ^ns2TZ^Z7r1^l'' Washington, consuls general in New York and Philadelphia, (P R) Z ™^.^«^,«' ?h»«^g«' Boston, New York, New Orleans, Norfolk San Juan Ne.^ rI^^'T^^ ^t^'' Washington, Indianapolis, Detroit, Pliladelphi; Newt" CusCS ' '' "'• ""'"^ ^"^'^'' '''^'"'"' ^^'^^^"^^^^^ and NewaT ^rtieEZ!^^.^^f K ^T^'''''' enumerates several thousand articles, and for each ^y ine i&ntt itself. There are vanous surtaxes. 190 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS PERU Consular Regulations: Certificate of origin in Spanish must be certified by the consul in duplicate. Bills of lading in duplicate must be certified (charge $2.00 per set). If shipment is made via Montevideo, bills of lading must also be certified by the Uruguayan consul (charge $1.61) Packages should be marked "En transito paro Paraguay" (In transit to Paraguay). Language: Spanish. Local Advertising Media: Paraguay has seven newspapers — only two of which are to be considered by the foreign advertiser. There are two commercial journals — one weekly and one a bi-monthly. Shipping Routes: See routes to Montevideo (Uruguay) and Buenos Aires (Argentina). Cable Rates: Via Colon $0.50 per word from New York or New England states. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Varies. Parcel Post: Service extends to Paraguay. Limit of weight, 11 pounds. Rate, 12 cents per pound or fraction thereof, plus an additional charge of 30 cents for each parcel, whatever its weight, to cover the transit service of the parcels through Argentina. Parcels cannot be registered. Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Not issued. PERU Pacific Ocean. Its area is a Uttk iZ» fh f ' *^/ """^ ^^ ^^^' '^'^ "^ t^e west by Texas. Lima, the ca^Jand ^S ^y LZ'^f °T "^ *^^ *"''' »' ''^'^ «***« »' Although Peru hes whoUv ^fT .t 1 *" '"^' "" ^"^"*°''' Pe°°«ylvania. America to the Gulf of GwZ^ in Z JT ^^^.^"""J^ "^""g the west coast of South t-Perate cUmate, althouXraa^e^^S fnt^ ^^^clS"' ^^^ " ''"^ ^ -°'' ""d a«> being expldLl iSy brAmeri^'elX" O? "'T** ?^' '" *'*"' "°"»*-^ most important, being foll^e^ bv eZ^ '^ .. a^Jcultural crops, sugar is the ^'-.eather.anaw..a.nr^-^t^^^^^^^ » -achS";^,!^ ~o^; 1 1 7^'" !r. f, "^ ''"^°-* '^^'^- *•>« «=% of i^uitos' A-azon via M^na^ Ther^T, n^ , T *''* '^*'*°"'' '^^ °' B""". «"d 'hence up the «"»t cities of C^ndTJm^ '^ ""'' °° °^"'*"'' communication between the west 192 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Of the total imports in 1918 the United States supplied 64 per cent. The United States took 47 per cent, of the total exports in the same year. The per capita foreign trade of Peru in 1918 amounted to $34.22; imports to $13.77; exports to $20.45. Area and Population. The republic may be divided into three sections: (1). The western lowlands, in which are all the Pacific ports, and the cities of Lima, Trujillo, Piura, Catacoas. This section of the country contains the principal agricultural districts, the petroleum fields, and, in the south, the vineyards. (2). The plateau lands of the western and central Andes, lying from 7,500 to 14,000 feet above sea level, extending from the northern boundary to Lake Titicaca. In this section are located the cities of Arequipa, Cuzco, Juliaco and Huancayo. It contains the principal mineral wealth of the republic, including the Cerro de Pasco and Morococha mines. The raising of livestock is also carried on in this district. (3). The eastern slope and lowlands. Sparsely populated, covered with tropical forests, and lacking in railroad facilities. Iquitos, 2,500 miles up the Amazon, is the chief port. Products are rubber, hard woods, dye woods and vegetable ivory. The district is capable of agricultural development also. There has been no census oflBcially taken since 1876. The estimated area is 683,321 square miles; the estimated present population is 4,500,000, of which approximately 900,000 are White; 1,200,000 are Mestizos, 3,000,000 are Indians, and 400,000 miscellaneous. There are large and unknown numbers of absolutely uncivilized Indians. The population of the departments and provinces according to the last official census (1876) is as follows (includes Tacna, now occupied by Chile). Departments and Provinces Area: Square Miles Population Census Estimate Departments: Amazonas Ancachs Apurimac Arequipa Ayacucho Cajamarca Cuaco Huancavelica Huanuco lea Junin Lambayeque Liberdad Lima (1) Loreto Madre de Dies . . . Piura Puno Tacna Total Departments . 13,943 16.562 8,187 21.947 18.185 12.638 166.270 9.251 14,024 8,718 23,347 4.614 10.206 13.310 288.456 24,747 16,825 41,198 12,590 714,918 34.284 284.830 118.525 157.046 142,215 212.746 243.032 103,069 78,991 60,255 209.759 86.738 147,336 225,800 61,905 ' 135,615 259.449 36,009 2,597,604 70,676 428,703 177,387 229,007 302,469 442.412 438.646 223,796 145.301) 90,962 394.393 \24.(y.n 250,931 298.106 100.596 16.000 213,909 537,345 50,449 4,520,787 Note: (1) Province of Lima, pop. (1908) 172,927. Table continued on page 193. PERU 193 Table Continued: Departments and Provinoes Area: Square Miles Population Census Provinces: Callao Moquegua Tumbes Total Provinces Grand Total . . . Estimate 14 5,549 1,980 34,492 28,785 63,27 7 2,660,881 48,118 42,695 8.60 2 99.41 4 4.620,201 The population of the chief cities is as follows: Name Lima (capital) Callao (cnief port) , .\requipa Cuzco Tnyillo Iquitos Albancay Ayacucho 160,000 40,000 50,000 30,000 20,000 20,000 0,000 20,000 Cajamarca..., Cerro de Pasco Huaraz Huancavelica. . Puno Barranco ' Chovillos 12,000 15,000 17,000 4,000 6,000 12,000 10.000 Commerce Of t J*'! r!"' "^ '^" ^'^'^ ^"""^ '''^' '' ^'"^ ^ '^'^ ^^ «««-^-*ed at $154 000 000 Of this total, m^ports were estimated at $62,000,000 and exports at $92,000,^ Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Peru for eleven Year Ended June 30 years: Exports Domestic Foreign 1909.. 1910.. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 1914.. 1915.. 1916.. 1917. 1918. 1919./ $4,549,793 4,536,126 5,589,604 5,510,582 7,325,455 7,115.514 5,825,478 9.381,384 18,674,057 2l,762,86r $8,071 11,927 7,519 11,877 16,448 25,738 47,996 144,846 154,827 248,716 Total $4,557,864 4,548.053 5,597,123 5,522,459 7,341.903 7,141.252 5,873,474 9.526.230 18,828,884 22,011,583 26.149,900 $5,789,191 6.616.354 8,562.612 9.265,041 8,893.360 11,502,486 9,935,060 20,678,223 31,654.025 38,313.110 $597,353 1,005,143 751.418 859.028 768.219 673.237 2.661.588 3,648,486 4,724,991 3,267,663 $6,386,544 7,621,497 9,314,030 10,124,069 9.666,579 12,175.723 12,596,648 24.326.689 36,379,016 41,580,773 34.835.636 90.65 86.81 91.93 91.52 92.05 94.47 78.87 85.00 87.02 92.14 ^alue of the foreign trade of Peru for thirteen years: -$1,828,680 -3,037,444 -3.716.907 -4,601,610 -2.324,676 -5.034.471 -6,723.174 -14.800,459 -17.550,132 -19.569,190 -8.685.736 19a5 1906 1907 190S 1909 1910 1911 Imports $21,178,407 24,3.51.014 26.82.5,994 25,816,191 20,891.329 24,206,188 26,429,875 Exports ^°te: (a) EsUmated. $27,980,724 27,681,973 27,918,488 26.627,655 31,554,379 34,380,009 36.014.896 Total $49,159,131 52.032,987 54.744.482 52,443.846 52,445,708 58,586.197 62.471.771 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 (a) 1918 Imports $24,982,047 29,591.451 23.463.740 15,044.347 42,200.010 65,623,856 02,000,000 Exports $45,871,503 44.409,610 42,611,459 68,638.128 80.389.561 90,606.997 92.000,000 Total $70,853,550 74,001,061 66,075.199 83,682.475 122,589,571 156,230 853 154,000.000 194 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Value of imports from principal countries of origin for six years: 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 United States . . . United Kingdom . Hongkong Chile Italy Australia British India France Spain Japan Denmark Sweden Ecuador Netherlands .... Cuba Brazil Germany , Belgiiun Portugal Colombia Norway Salvador Mexico Argentina Costa Rica Other countries . . Total. $5,763,425 6,648,368 752,595 951,136 1.237,876 1,164,252 162,033 1.547,575 421,625 112.650 450 * " 96,189 209 112,985 (14,784 4,521,729 1,192,284 117,063 11,691 24,713 45,043 34,054 22,283 27,135 $24,982,047 $8,530,525 7,769,225 768,954 1,035,554 1,236,739 631,290 274,303 1.363.191 355,495 62,879 78 267 85,492 45,951 158,990 19,858 5,132,039 1,866.915 86,192 45,179 20,747 17,277 13,263 33,014 38.034 $29,591,451 $7,633,716 6,505,364 628.271 435,542 979.932 909.150 270.969 758.034 303,979 60,566 2,265 2,292 r55,913 112,511 127,113 7,862 3,144.436 1,334,534 34,974 6,417 1,170 19,512 9,404 21.539 98,275 $23,463,740 $7,232,817 3,219.974 884.263 458,734 767,061 60,131 424,809 432,864 219.349 89,342 44,388 20,868 38.224 222.006 73,403 23,544 464,986 147.339 32,996 3,165 24,126 134,717 ' 25,24 i $15,044,347 $24,866,592 7,272,042 1.467.303 1.452.013 1,153.023 1,144,126 1.132,224 953,847 826,778 415,529 195.743 187.584 176.908 113.429 96.452 77.424 60.533 59.396 52,958 28.155 23,987 13,460 692 199 429,713 $42,200,010 $42,732,571 9.402.477 2.205,283 1,736,264 1.208.716 1.127,238 1.701.117 1.094.905 1.738.038 629.346 27.955 92.928 308.581 59.146 217.884 140,585 20,422 34,195 92,991 13,209 30,725 144,298 90,187 262,770 32,868 479.157 $65,623,856 Value of imports by twenty major classifications for six years (values in United States currency) : Classifications 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 Cotton textiles and manufac tures Wool and animal hair and manufactures Linen, hemp, jute and other textile fibers and manufac- tures Silk, animal and vegetable and manufactures Hides, skins and leather goods . Wearing apparel and notions . Furniture Metals, and manufactures of . Stones, earths, coal, glass and chinaware Woods, lumber and manufac- tures Paints, dyes, and varnishes, bitumen and gums Live animals Stationery, paper, and card- board Tools, ships' stores, machines, and vehicles Musical instruments Arms, ammunition and explo- sives Dye goods and miscellaneous articles Beverages Comestibles and condiments . . Medicines and pharmaceutical products Articles not classified Added for difference between customs house and true value Total. $3,478,943 1,529,592 616.291 376.251 483.638 107,396 222.056 3.098.609 1,591,781 1,272.231 1,020.988 90.478 928,041 2,185,182 149.517 396.634 1.559.010 662.145 4,132,385 846,412 234,558 $24,982,047 $3,345,424 1,468,847 643,392 281.991 464.586 112,645 278,648 3,526,571 2.478.808 1,833,366 1,770,459 59,141 913,636 4.486,761 152,550^ m 652,698 1,665,351 646,773 3,658,049 1,030.543 121,300 $29,591,451 $2,476,787 1.144,189 589,586 206.812 402.024 82.022 202.696 3.647.439 2.098.358 1.794.263 1.153.049 40.056 702,819 3.290.880 94.721 407.136 1.037.230 393.625 2.879.793 736,446 83.800 $23,463,740 $1,419,100 440.053 678.101 111.026 203.444 53.314 73.677 1.683.678 1.019.394 1.015.195 714.016 16.664 556.572 1.771.703 47.749 507.884 769.201 278.269 3.024.309 584.015 76,972 $15,044,347 $5,003,389 1,165,462 2.026.289 326.431 564.834 88.991 166,610 8.317,661 3.347,082 1,911385 2,195.976 56.380 1.306,146 33,508.942 149.717 1,107,799 1,592.947 544,631 6.886.576 6,886.577 84.836 $42,200,110 1917 $9,442,027 2.291.368 2.726.819 354,561 580,036 131.419 684.320 17.931.980 4.735.088 2.558.474 2.268.643 37,951 2,519,393 5,678,327 284,081 991,337 2,568,160 818.613 7,470,320 1.825,975 103,900 $65,623,856 PERU 195 Value of exports by countries of destination for six years: Countries United States $17,495,276 United Kmgdom I5.7;u f^ca Chile. Jamaica Bolivia Australia Brazil France Africa and Tacna (Chile) , Argentina Norway [[[ Ecuador Barbados Japan Italy ;;■' Spam Colombia [[] Panama [[[[ Uruguay ' ' * Portugal Germany [[\] Canada Belgium .*..*!.".* i Netherlands .'.*.'.'.! Other countries ..,.'.' 15,734,561 5,157.534 558,266 23.22 i 2,730.698 IG6.542 1.652 ' i43'.759 214 11,849 14.998 37,884 116,989 114.117 3,205.496 $14,741,639 16,539,110 5,847,139 639,596 141.426 38.501 1.566,495 200.174 76,20 ' 24l"668 947 6.683 7.557 95.042 23,901 55.754 43,021 578 2,966,884 $14,807,795 15,912,116 6,231,201 " 420",2i7 14,953 742,826 268.144 139,740 356.037 Total. 322,369 13.273 22,871 $45,871,503 1.212,555 12,743 20.583 $44,409,610 61 48.790 11.853 39,797 46,069 15,918 2,296 1,598,802 942,480 396.866 104,667 509.831 $31,056,775 17.601,094 14,061,173 oil, 184 275,413 590,661 398,431 790.395 146 296,372 295.694 47.460 92,756 1,539,803 36.965 587.088 73 32,380 $42,611,459 $50,565,066 14,394,551 8,596,760 1,866.029 1.474,776 723,161 629,754 480,408 440,170 361,867 214,863 141,578 127,985 64,319 50.296 39,459 14,295 6.096 548 $53,180,103 18.432,765 11.857,817 1,031.929 1.811.580 466,298 741,223 425.065 566.389 523,903 57,003 342.902 77,026 2,265 9.642 97,798 12.301 24,265 $68,638,128 l$80.389,56l 197,581 763,195 207,793 $90,606,997 (va.ulT„^U^^^t£ :^:^;^'-'"' "^ '^-^ -^^ "^^ P-^-.^ ^r five ^ W^ •nd Animal Products: Alpaca Llama !...!.! Sheep '.'.'..'. Hides ... Cattle. ...'■.■.'!.■; Parchment ..."...' Cochineal .....'. Ta5o° P'"™®» («'K^ttes) ''.[[['..[[ Mutton '.'.]] Butter. ^ Cou**'* P'°^"*^*»=' RugaJ°refii^: ::::::; I ^?Sf'??^ $1,035,656 125.140 700,410 616,583 9,797 45.309 23,250 13.617 5,895 8.616 Sugar, raw Rubber Straw hats .' Cottonseed Cottonseed oil Cottonseed cake.'. " .* nice Coca leaves. '. *-ocaine Coffee. ..,,', [;^ory nuts fruits, fresh . .' ! ^^'PPer... w»"k."«° "(dyewood);; .■■■■' Charcoal Tocuyo (a kind of cotion cloih) Rhatany root ." 6.775.442 61.502 6.357.001 2.102,542 190,346 7,416 159,582 289.024 366,614 143,078 77.332 61.730 71,417 43,428 60.176 35.239 26.214 28.878 30.695 15.760 18.924 $571,578 783.874 769,714 929,382 177,594 47,107 25,082 61,440 10.633 8,150 7.183 6.921.752 6,708.063 167,106 3,964,856 577,052 513,648 15,634 169.735 380.178 1.847.665 138.130 169,832 159,062 143,894 72,311 65.532 59,107 34,622 30.564 26,341 12,792 9.933 $1,636..372 90.323 840,036 881,283 119,050 43.422 25,267 34.710 7,387 6,073 4.038 6,829.369 12,794.460 40,546 2,176,264 248,647 366,026 28,810 170.804 305.071 198,307 37,538 99,654 84,296 52,065 63,180 47,282 177,530 6.444 3.538 26,585 14,123 972 $1,693,948 143,958 1,065,418 775,772 231.238 45.071 16.324 16,402 15,921 6,371 5,632 6,155,564 26,987,541 120,902 2,896.287 230,626 454.516 442.551 785.011 146.572 51..?41 170.046 149,158 41,572 63,738 37,684 206.185 10.536 131 43,419 40.483 349 $478,194 11.654 1.840,345 1,589,535 184.237 80,049 21.231 10,517 13,087 "I'.no 8.372,628 18.297.574 1,039.286 3.387,113 214.194 1.061,837 189,039 465.957 530,274 125,334 80,496 34,214 126,082 70,397 64.574 100,582 181,584 20,130 2,707 42,544 11.921 52.876 196 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Exports of principal minerals and mineral products for five years (values in United States currency): 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 Bars, refined: Copper and silver Silver Lead and silver Copper Copper, silver and gold . . Lead Mattes: Copper and silver Copper, silver and lead. . , Copper, silver and gold . . Copper Lead Ores: Lead and silver Copper and silver GoldV. Copper ■ Silver Copper, silver and lead . . Silver and gold Copper, silver, and gold . Copper and lead Lead Silver and copper Gold and silver Zinc Sulphide: Silver Silver, copper and gold. . , Silver and copper Petroleum and its products: Benzine Crude Petroleiim , Gasolene Kerosene Nujol Guano , Wolframite Borate of lime Salt Antimony Vanadmm , $8,878,228 101,224 96,121 20,936 2,229,014 75.098 743,978 840,527 461 100,621 166,260 3,936 17,739 22,122 111,940 138.087 l,082,a30 7.839 27.886 1,908,084 1,230,775 40,746 751,025 69,901 54,710 37,485 741,320 $7,465,723 118,360 41.655 296,668 142,159 16,698 12,218 1,641,951 2,108,663 1,015,908 262,546 186,823 73.060 62,791 5.229 520 71.918 340,559 92,675 81.157 2,635.164 1,612.849 174.809 1.030 '279,583 93,190 53,688 22,759 $6,061,605 41.125 19.007 533,244 17.053 1.594 29,349 429.201 367,853 388 136,638 101,554 18,502 29.407 20.193 1,632 66.256 334.251 88.048 24,100 2.985,590 1,201,010 131.910 311 81*8.735 97,676 36,697 38,102 $10,181,704 5,176,395 307,550 ' 47,2i4 74,450 197,559 363,299 3,013 174.882 81,453 9.569 45,824 8.432 68 6.766 103,445 891,333 359.474 56.633 22,069 2,523.462 2,174,485 131,997 728,266 173,626 249,172 10,837 40.250 83.757 412.414 $8,806 26,938'.665 47,603 1.268.712 3,640 651.900 114.117 288,479 3.402 353.161 3,941,207 1,770,745 785,055 204,358 36.600 1,071,435 67,991 '88',463 1.121,692 Production and Industry The principal agricultural products of Peru are sugar, cotton, rice, tobacco, coffee. The sugar plantations are located principally in the irrigated country west of the mountains, although there are some on the eastern slope. British and German investments in this industry have been large. Production costs are low, estimates placing it at less than $25 per metric ton where modern equipment is in use, and $30 per metric ton where obsolete methods are employed. The average daily wage of laborers in this industry in 1913 was 1.25 soles ($0.60 United States currency). In 1911 there were 16,977 persons employed in the industry; in 1912, 19,945; 1913, 20,942; in 1914, 21,881; in 1915, 24,433. The production of cane per acre is ahnost double that of Cuba; labor is less expensive, warehousing and storage ordinarily unnecessary since the coastal lands have practically no rainfall. About five-sixths of the sugar crop is exported, Great Britain, the United States and Chile being the largest takers. Trujillo is the center of the sugar industry, and what little refining is carried on in the republic takes place there. The following table shows the area under cultivation to cane, the production of sugar and chancaca (molasses), and the production of alcohol and rum during recent years: PERU 197 Area under cultivation to cane, the production of sugar and chancaca (molasses) and the production of alcohol and rum during recent years: Years Area under Cultivation Acres Production of Sugar and Chancaca Short Tons 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 Production of Alcohol and Rum Gall ons 86,879 91,747 97.745 100.641 105,770 100.650 196,386 212,029 202,394 250,860 289,124 303,600 2.050,965 2.405.406 2,346,772 2,869,165 2,673,666 Cotton, second m importance to sugar, U grown in the northern coastal vaUeys in X'(^ZZ't,Z y^'^lJ^'^^ "-^ "°de' ""Itivation being estimated at i^ ;^9.9 r 19'5 exports of cotton amounted to 46,571,797 pounds, valued at $6,165,252, exports of cotton seed and cottonseed cake chiefly to Chile and Great Britain o"J isS TheTr'^.'" ''f k"\''T '""'' ^oti-^'y. with an aggregate value of $898,269 The local cotton miUs absorb a large part of the crop; over $2,500,000 having been mvested m the mUls, which, m 1915, consumed approximately 6,500,m pound! of raw cotton. ' y^^uv^a Rice, Uke sugar is an irrigation crop grown principaUy in the provinces of Lambayequ and U Libertad. There "« about60,000 acres under cultivation in rice; the total annual production vanes between 70,000,000 and 100,000,000 pounds, and the average yield per ml" S,^0°kts ^ '^" """ *^'"^-^'^ '^'°'='" '''^' 35.979,121 kiloslTn in *..^?* ''■* '"** "'T ''"* *" "1^^^'' consumed locaUy. Coffee is grown in central Peru m the Chanchamayo, Perene and Pancartambo regions, colonized by the Peruvian Cor' r/so'^ '" ^ f/^""~ f *"«*• The Peruvian Corporation has a concession of some 2 750,000 acres 1^ than half bemg occupied. Tobacco is raised in the northern provinces of Tumbez and Huancabamba, but the manufacture, import and export of tobacco is a monopoly held by the government corporation, the Compania Recaudadora de ImpuesL Estanca del Tabaco (Nat onal Tax CoUecting Company) of Lima. Beans, corn oU^i XS^ "^ '' cultivated, the largest vineyards being at lea, Moquza, Lima and in t Jr ""'"^Jf"" "f^"*' ('^™ «*'«•' cocaine is manufactur.5d, is carried on principally n the Cuzco Valley. The raising of livestock fa an important industry, and hides Ser irnt'p """ ' : ""'" f '''^ *"'^ "^'"^ ^^<'"'P^- «--' oncel mo mportant Peruvian export, is no longer a source of material revenue. The Peruvian Corporation was allotted 2,000,000 tons of guano to be shipped during a period of T^ and up to 1915 had shipped 1,237,128 tons. Recent governmental dLls rStic J th^ of Pe^f k"' ^ *^t °^y '°'P°5'*''t commercial product of the eastern montana region in . n . ^ 8»t'»ered near the numerous aflJuents of the upper Amazon River shiooed 108 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS The principal mineral product of Peru is copper, which is produced by three mines only the Cerro de Pasco Copper Co., the Backus and Johnston mine, and the Morococha mine controlled by the Cerro de Pasco Co. The copper reserve of the Cerro de Pasco is estimated at 253,452 pounds. Gold and silver are likewise mined, and coal is mined in large quantities at Goyllarisquisga. ' Borax exists in large quantities near Arequipa and is being developed by a British company, Borax Consolidated, Ltd. The foUowing table gives the estimated values of Peruvian mineral production in 1915 and 1916: Minerala 1915 1916 Gold Silver ££r' ±^StMU ■••••••. Mercury Zinc Vanadium . . . Molybdenum Tungsten Minerals 1915 Sl.114,540 4.526.765 11.909.673 129,483 1,946 973 1.483.683 344.889 6.983 1916 Sl,206,298 6,483,398 23,359.200 151.825 6.137 1,747 1.352,497 1,059,840 14,113 Antimony .... Borates Salt Mineral waters Coal Petroleum .... Total $43,161 19,855 87,646 5,957 1.016,563 8.210,470 $28,857,587 $134,038 67.741 88,804 12.371 772.260 7.418,804 $42,129,073 Extensive deposits of petroleum exist in the northern coastal lands of Peru, and par- ticularly in the Province of Paita, are being exploited. The chief fields are, in the Pacific region, the Zorritos, Lobitos and Negritos, and in the Andes, the Titicaca field. The following table gives the statistics o f production of petroleum over a period of years: Year* Zorritos Barrels Lobitos Barrels Negritos Barrels Titicaca Barrels Lagunitos Barrels ToUl Barrels 1896 1897 47,636 68,452 68,571 89.166 102.976 74,647 59,273 49,047 49,547 37.720 42,419 65,476 71,429 70,750 107,000 64.286 78,095 83,343 88,136 72,736 *2',379" 97.292 145,938 217,036 239,488 205,810 269,424 295.617 335,160 330,510 396.750 543,750 740,070 773,025 882.698 1.071,000 1.036,490 1,032,210 1,355.925 47,536 1898 70,831 1899 165,863 1900 235.104 1901 320,012 1902 314.135 1903 265,023 1904 318,471 345,834 447,880 536.294 756.226 1,011,180 1.316.118 1,330,105 1,368,274 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 ♦75.000 162,000 279.000 319,898 429.195 400.080 391.290 587.048 557.355 504.743 664,972 i'.365" 15.000 1913 1914 1915 ■34*6"673 ' 282.713 392,618 1,751,143 2.133,261 1,917,802 2,487,251 Note: *Estimated. The prmcipal manufacturing industries of the country comprise seven cotton mills, of which five are m Lima, five woolen mills, twelve flour mills, fifteen cottonseed oil mills, thui;y cocaine factories, one paper factory, and numerous sugar mills, chocolate, lard, cement, straw mat and Panama hat factories and breweries. Money, Weights and Measures: Peruvian coinage is based upon the gold standard, and has as its unit the Ubra or pound, divided into 10 soles of 100 centavos each. The Peruvian pound (designated' by Lp. or £P.) has the same value as the British pound; in United States currency, $4.8665. Bntish gold is legal tender in Peru. During the war an issue of $12,000,000 (Lp 2 500 000) m bank notes was issued by various banks, their issue to be redeemed in gold six months PERU 199 after the signing of peace. In August, 1917, the government anthnrJ.n^ fk • the United States of nickel coins to the nominkl value^f^^ L .nH ^ ' '°T^' "^ notes, guaranteed by gold, in the denomination of 1 soKs^^rfi t T' '^ ^^^' to the value of Lp. 500,000. The rise in the nriop nf I t ^ ^^^ currency) to be worth more'as bullion than TcdJ^eTud I Z thirll''^ ^"""^Tr'^ circulation. ^ therefore disappeared from The metric system hds been legally established since 1869 Such olr? <5r.or.ic.K as foUow are still employed in some districts: ^^^'^^ '"^^^ Vara Arroba Libra Quintal Tongo Fanegado... . . 32.91 inches •25.36 pounds (6.7 gallons) 1.014 pounds .101.44 pounds . 145 . 2265 square yards . 5 . 142 acres Railways: with an extension to Huan^ ^^muL s^th T^t '*,'""° ^'t' *" ^^'^ seven tunneb and reaches an a titude of Ts^Xt O^er rT " ^,^^<^ «'y- Pa« Railway; TrujiUo RaUway; line from Payte to ^Z p^'''*^ "" "^f ^^^'-^ Railway; Chimbote RaUway; and Pisa to^ca i^wfy ' ^""^"^^^ ""- iSn;^r„r iz%%'^°' -r "t *"« — ^^^ ^^ -r. from September 21 to Decern^ 21 rn-T '^J""" ^"^^ ^1 to September 21, spZ from March 21 to JunelT ' ^^' '""" ^<*""^' ^1 to March 21, and i^tZl ^P^ are wheat and'lrn,!^,?^^"^^ ''*"'"'• ."^^ P"°-pal agricultural C'gars and cigarettes are manxZtu^T^' '^^ "" increasing in importance r;eonsumed within the count^^The^„,t iZ'rt T°'' 7^ *'"'' '"^"^ ™-^e wi:S ™«i to meat freezing estabhshment* LTnfh '^ * manufacturing industries are con- »''^, dairies and c4meri^ t:;^" ^ao'shr* Tt""' "''""'• «""' """J -'-'^-^^ vd^T ^"*''<"°<»tPart hemlStSinnr; "'^r- ''™'^' «'"««' «"<» other ^d«. but in spite of the development on^sh^K "''/'* ''^'^ ^ ^^^ ""y "f Monte- P«« nearly aU of the manufactuTg:^''^^^ ^ l^"''^'''^^y "o-tinues to im- ,, Of the total imn^rfo ^f tt . required m the country. y<^ states ::!<^r2CrLSllt? *" '"'''^ ^'^'^ -PP'-^ ^^ per cent. The "^y » 1918 «nou„terr«^^t^^j,T^,- ^"0 '^''^'''^ foreign tradeof ^. ^, mjpons to 526.81; exports to 176.09. 202 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Area and Population Population of the republic by departmenta, aa of December 31, 1915: Department Population Area Kilometers Density Inhabitants per Milometer Montevideo Artigas. Cauelones. Cerro Largo. Colonia.. Durasno. Florea . . . Florida. . Maldonada. Minas. Paysandti. Rio Negro. Rivera. Rocha. Salto.. San Jos6. Soiiano. Tacuaremb6. Trrintary Tres. ■ •••••' Total for republic 368.620 36.743 109.648 55.084 77.669 52,804 22fi79 58,538 38.059 64,392 63.343 34.986 44.030 44,344 68,922 58,257 52.743 57,686 38,214 1.346.161 664 11.378 4.752 14.929 5.682 14.315 4,519 12.107 4.111 12.485 13,252 8,471 9,829 11,089 12.603 6.963 9.223 21,015 9.539 186.926 355.15 3.23 23.07 3.60 13.67 3.69 4.89 4.89 9.26 5.15 4.78 4.13 4.48 4.00 6.47 8.37 5.72 2.74 4.01 7.20 The population of Montevideo City on January 31, 1918, was 378,993. Of the other cities, Paysandii had 24,000 inhabitants; Salto, 24,000; Mercedes, 16,000. Commerce The value of the total foreign trade of Uruguay in 1918 was estimated at $142,000,000. Of this total, imports were estimated at $37,000,000 and exports at $105,000,000. Value of total foreign trade of the United States with Uruguay for elevenyeara: Year Ended June 30 Exports Imports Per Cent. Free Excess of Exports (♦) Domestic Foreign Total Free Dutiable Total or Imports (-) 1909. . . . 1910.... 1911.... 1912. . . . 1913.... 1914. . . . 1915.... 1916.... 1917.... 1918. . . . 1Q10 $3,281,151 4.227.566 5.262.367 6.844.440 7.514.009 5.636.176 5.065.094 10.233.753 14.242.896 18,019,277 $79,162 44.579 55.344 35.885 8.136 5.090 106.229 53.631 54.217 45.603 $3,360,313 4.272.145 5.317.711 6.880.325 7,522.145 5.641.266 5.171.323 10.287.384 14.297.113 18.064.880 27.775.692 $384,804 4.635.323 1.280.275 2.402.484 1.705.257 7.672.179 10.380,957 14.401.501 30.332.256 23.465.592 $3,342,073 2,778.573 833.461 829.192 745.440 42,965 111.692 73.977 74.276 65.090 $3,726,877 7.413.896 1,613.736 3.231,676 2,450.697 7,715.144 10.492.649 14.475,478 30.406,532 23.530.682 47.323.263 10.33 62.52 79.34 74.34 69.58 99.44 98.94 99.49 99.76 99.72 -$366,564 -3.141.751 ♦3.703.97.5 ♦3.648,649 ♦5,701.448 -2.073.878 -5.321.326 -4.188,094 -16.109.419 -5.465.802 -19.547.571 Value of Uruguay's foreign trade during 11 years (values in United States currency): Year Impokts Exports Total 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 (est.) $38,954,407 38,421.870 42,446.727 46,590,102 51,355.200 52.367.017 38.734,272 36,378,824 35.155.111 38.700.720 37,000,000 $41,955,077 46.913.558 42,573.063 44.199.864 50.752.773 71.235,964 54.515,554 76.222.297 71.074.273 96.216.924 105,000,000 $80,909,484 85.335.428 85.019.790 90.798.966 102.107,973 153.602.981 93.249,826 112.601.12 106.229.384 134.817.644 142.000.000 URUGUA Y 203 Value of imports for three years by countri^ of origin: United States... Argentina , BrasiJ United Kingdom. Spain France * •••y •■••• Me»co Cuba Paraguay Germany Netherlands Sweden fortu«aI Switierland Belgium. . CWe Norway Austria-Hungary Al"*'»l»a .'." vtner countries. Total $7,561,835 7.668,797 5,059,267 7,125,158 2,367,931 1,700,549 2,636,868 41.475 237327 76,176 779,350 382,303 275,310 45,843 49,674 201,829 68.506 17,684 30,907 35,032 16,533 S8.810,669 7,383,505 4,123,880 7,046,889 2,443,772 1.752,682 2,053,778 486,073 163.632 100.751 193,306 306,880 21.823 33.170 26.903 72.100 34,856 15,342 2,052 $11,009,259 8,421,124 6.677.020 6.054,393 2.653,097 1,429.274 1,022.547 767,615 210,738 135.956 106,733 86,010 37.836 36.757 32.206 8.479 6.622 3.706 925 83.336 Wote: © Japan only. Live animals . Groceries, etc Food products Beverages. . Cigars and tobaciji AH other. . . ^^ Dry goods and notioW.*. i-lr'Ic'If ;;15S-- "<»' .i^pi'ito.^: : : : : : Musical instrumentii ShJ^^^^'^^^'lupholsteW Shoes and leather «oo^ nViA; Li Bu'ld-ng materillsf^' '*"°'' ^^ Drugs and chemicals fer;;"*'*' -PecialUes and 'dr^ti' .\i„drie. Rawt'atei^rfe ^"^l^^' "ton^/etc'. W "latenal and machinery for the ind^i^^] [ 7,898.219 1.143,035 447,200 3,169.778 4.291,924 4.616,701 239,936 73,530 10,5,392 303,399 1.267.698 364,521 157,389 109,175 ^ 101.213 6.869.679 $1,794,274 13,293,207 5,482,500 4,729.588 355.144 91.644 112,209 277,617 1.690^723 333.425 188,648 117,881 107,787 8.117.378 $2,803,627 10,670,632 6,234,901 6,451,918 509,153 99.473 138.254 302,870 1.507.319 258,957 194.741 118,001 142,610 10,268.255 ^''1if.'"**."»«;*t industry: - - ammaig . . Meat and extract. Sr'sr'"^**"o^...::::::::::: Hides and.idW.:::::::::::::;: gjhg^products.:::::- ^fy products 11.334.892 16.216,331 ^2.537.474 32.029.877 13.205.189 303.976 220.522 344.938 245.503 Si. 673.823 14.889,400 ^1.718.145 20.867.092 9.800.252 237.986 311,482 6.139 431,510 «1.132,428 31,547.278 1.602.094 20.892,745 17,329,644 306,693 106,021 11.693 428.359 t2.403.367 27.629.636 945.201 19,345,325 17.034,415 302,960 164.773 10.943 281.434 $2,518,095 34.142,850 3.359,573 35,385,336 18,034,864 266.181 185,919 9.784 96,268 (Continued with totals on page 204.) \ 204 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Table Cordinued: Articles 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 Acricultaral products: Flours and pastes .... Grains and seeds Fruits and vegetables . Hay and fodder Other products Mine products: Metals Stones Earths Hunting and fishing Ships' supplies Miscellaneous Total. 524.190 2,127.047 79.572 34,216 92.652 31.714 2.229,545 424.759 204.063 49.296 $71,235,964 12.499 1.271.311 57.248 62.626 1.550 2.113.081 513.514 163,523 282.145 103.217 $54,515,554 1.326 723.398 18.982 37.769 1.816 4.160 565,817 588.400 90.669 249,876 583.120 $76,222,297 554.659 785.036 22.573 13.273 963 2.111 162.601 356.300 105.944 294.273 608.156 $71,074,273 54,552 34.019 74.483 23,381 108 139.441 215,800 140,202 148.094 1.387.966 $96,216,924 Value of exports for four years by coud tries of destination: 1913 1915 1916 1917 United States United Kingdom . France Italy Argentina Spain Brasil Cuba Chile Portugal Norway Netherlands Denmark Sweden Germany , Austria-Hungary . Belgium Russia Other countries . . $2,880,071 7,979,000 12,380,753 2,970,517 10,802.853 842,761 4.768,826 2.577.239 313,819 1.477.391 13,887.701 1,211,721 8.551,175 222,284 165,790 $12,216,595 13.735,187 18.394.688 15.540.723 9.299,003 2,571.613 1.096.094 907.563 100.510 311.801 22.110 587.086 587.110 555.298 $16,493,601 13.827.770 12.677.241 10.601.053 10.623.806 3.049.175 1.370.204 698.588 22,291 289.791 135.582 943,990 $26,218,746 19.358.161 16.180.680 14,733.877 12.376.146 4.686.135 1.299.622 851,749 235.061 33.573 31.410 22,360 17.138 46.909 41,310 Production and Industry Uruguay, which is primarily a pastoral country, has become important as a producer of sheep and cattle. The following table indicates the growth of the livestock industry: Livestock 1890 1900 1908 1917 Cattle. Sheep. Horses Mules. Hogs.. Goats. 3,632,203 1,989,929 518,218 8,301 5,381 5,437 6.827,428 18,608.717 561,408 22,992 93,929 20,425 8.192.608 26,286,296 556,307 17.671 180.099 19,951 7,942.212 28,000,000 500,000 In 1916 there were in Uruguay thirteen meat-salting plants, seven meat-preserving factories, and two freezing plants. Nearly all the exports of Uruguay consist of live stock, meat, hides and other animal products. The exports of live stock are not great; in 1916 they consisted of 23,683 cattle, 15,590 sheep, 4,536 horses and 1,142 other animals. The total exports of animal products in 1916 were valued at $73,367,695 United States currency, compared with $72,993,747 in 1915 and $56,587,379 in 1914. URUGUAY 205 nf whr.h ™ 7^ ' ^r ^°^ '*°'^'' "^ ^™^y' comprising 42,302,021 acres of.which W 780 acres are used for pastoral purposes, 1,986,684 acres were (mder cultiva- lon and 1,065,557 acres were forest land. A total of 109,449 persons were then engaged m the agncultural and hve stock industries. The government is making every effort to stmiulate a«nculture, smce the product of that industry is insufficient to meet the req^ ments of the people. *c^uu^ ». wLt,!?1'"',i?« *' '""°'^''. °' '*"^ ****"' ""'^ ^'^ slaughtered from January 1 1914 1915 1916 1917 Cattle Sheep, Hogs. 489.917 206.292 18.589 1918 591.663 224.055 17.235 575,717 187.159 20.575 769.642 167,377 32,171 752,091 157.704 35.358 for iTt^T " *°°' ""^ """ '° '""^ °' ""* **'' •"^"'•"^ agricultural crope, of Uruguay 1914 1915 Wheat: il!5- • V- Acres Production Tnnu 1916 1917 Linseed Area .Acres M,i,e7*^''*^**°° .■.'.'.*.'.*.: .'.'.Tons .Acres Area Ostsf^"''*'*'" .'.' '**.*!.'.*.'.*.■.'.' ...Tom ^^^|^uction::::::::::::::::::::::^S? pJSuction:::::::;::::::::::::::^^ 911.049 176.249 128,175 26.896 692.177 199.564 97.394 29.538 14.041 3.942 Note: © Not available. 773.869 107.640 101.079 16.431 786.697 318.018 81.878 14.899 5.219 947 949.196 295.397 44.121 10,913 696.525 128.636 105.019 25.451 9.692 2.763 779.406 161,363 35.876 3,405 626.974 190.419 141.491 30,754 12.683 2.641 975.524 390.987 36.370 9,313 ® ® 165,151 59,020 5.821 2.575 \inJ^^ Tu ^ ^ ^'''' ^*"^ ^° *^^ ^"^*^ is said to be 745. Other crops raised are K^n,^^?^ sugar cane. Ther^ were, in 1913, 2,266 vineyards and 112^^el Jte ^irfn^Tn' T^'"^ ^'^,'' '^' ^^P^^"^ ^^^*^^ coxiiderable minerarwT^^ eLrte oTfhVl Kr^ T^ ^***^ development has been carried on, and the minera exports of the repubhc are chiefly stone and sand. "^^erai flourYn-?'^*^*'^^? ^f ' ^ ^^*' ^"™^ ^^"^« importance in Uruguay. There are 115 out of a ti)?aUf Tf J ^"^J ^""^ ^'^^ ^^^ ^^*^"''- ^^"^ ^^^^ ^^ 19^8 indicated that Railways? '^nufacturmg establishments, 4,600 were located in Montevideo. an e^S st'i^tXa;'tv.f " '' 'fZ'^ " ^^"*"" ^ ^^"«"^^- ^^^^-^^ ^^ waysof Mlnte^Po^R f-V^^^ ^^ *^^ companies, the United Electric Tram- cidad of Buen^rv ^y «^ed), and the Compania Alemana Transatlantic a de Electri- owned. The pnncipal port of Uruguay is Montevideo, where excellent docking 41 206 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS and harbor works have been provided at an approximate coat of 140,000,000 United States currency. Money, Weights and Measures: The monetary standard of Uruguay is gold, but there are no Uruguayan gold coins in circulation. The theoretical unit is the peso nacional of one hundred centesimos, weighing 1.697 grammes, and having a value of $1.03 United States currency. The silver peso, or dollar, and the subsidiary coinage of one half, one-fifth and one-tenth peso and the nickel 6, 2 and 1 centesimo pieces form the chief currency. The metric system of weights and measures is ofScially standard. The old system is still in limited use. This system comprises the quintal, equivalent to 101.40 pounds avoirdupois, the arroba, equivalent to 25.35 pounds avoirdupois, the fanega, equivalent to 30 gallons, the lineal league, equivalent to 5,640 yards, the cuadra, equal to 1.8 acres, the square league, equivalent to 10 2-5 square miles. Diplomatic and Consular Representatives: The United States has a minister, consul and two vice-consuls at Montevideo. Uruguay has a minister at Washington, consul general in New York, consuls in San Francisco, Jacksonville, Savannah, Chicago, Portland (Me.), Baltimore, Boston, Phila- delphia, San Juan and Ponce (P..R.), and Frederikstadt (V. I.), vice-consuls in Los Angeles, Brunswick, New Orleans, Pascagoula, Kansas City, Albany, Galveston, Port Arthur (Texas), Newport News, Norfolk, Richmond and Seattle, and a commercial agent at Pensacola. Customs Tariff: The customs tariff of Uruguay provides established valuations of over 4,000 enumer- ated articles, on some of which duty is assessed at fixed per cent, of the fixed value, while some are subject to a specific duty based in most cases upon weight. Samples are admitted free imder bond. Those without commercial value are admitted without bond. Deductions of from 10 to 15 per cent, are made upon exported samples upon which import duties have been paid. Contolar Regulations: Packages must be stamped in indelible ink and mould letters. BiUs of lading must be certified by consul (charge $1.25). Certificates of origin must be filled out and certified (charge, $0.63, unless by parcel post, when it is $0.25). Language: Spanish. Local Advertising Media: The principal advertising media are four daily newspapers. The magazine field is covered by publications issued in Buenos Aires. Among trade journals those devoted to agriculture and stock raising are important. Shipping Routes: Lamport and Holt Line. Norton Line. Barber Line. Houston Line. American and Rio Plata Line. Oriental Navigation C;k)mpany. Prince Line. URUGUAY 207 Cable Rates: Fifty cents a word from New York or New England states Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. ^»ana states. Mail Time: To Montevideo direct, twenty-five days. Parcel Post: packages. Parcels cZot be^te.^. "*" """* "^ *^*° °"* '»' "^ P"««' P<»t Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Not issued. ti.:^^ mAA^ -^MflttaidWkL ii^wriirfl iiiiir , 208 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS VENEZUELA A republic of South America, facing the Caribbean Sea, and bounded on the east by British Guiana and Brazil, on the south by Brazil and on the west by Colombia. It« area is approximately equivalent to that of the Atlantic coast states and New England. The principal cities are Caracas, the capital, and Maracaibo, the principal port. The climate of Venezuela is everywhere tropical, except where modified by altitude. Caracas has a semi-tropical, and Maracaibo and La Guaira a tropical climate. The tropical heat of the coast, is, however, modified by the trade winds, which lower the tem- perature at night. The year is divided into two seasons, the dry and the wet, the latter occuring from April to October, when the temperature is highest. The principal industries of Venezuela are agriculture and mining. The chief agri- cultural products are coffee, cacao, sugar, tobacco, cotton, and corn. The principal mineral products are petroleum, asphalt, gold, coal, and iron. The raising of livestock is an industry of increasing importance. The forest products, including rubber, hard woods, vanilla, and tonka beans form an important part of Venezuela's exports. Manufacturing has made little progress. Venezuela has a very small railway mileage, the principal road running from La Guaira to Caracas and from Caracas to Valencia. Valencia is also connected by rail with the city of Puerto Cabello. VENEZUELA 209 Of the total imports of Venezuela in 1918 the United States supplied 61 per cent The United States took 41 per cent, of the total exports on the same year. The per capita foreign trade of Venezuela in 1918 amounted to $16.05; imports to $7.49; exports to $8.56. Area and Population The area of the country is approximately 393,976 square miles, divided into twenty states, one Federal District, and two territories, as follows: Districts Area Square Miles Population Census-1891 Estimate 1917 Federal District States: Anzoitegui Apiire AragiiA Bolivar Caf|ibobo Cojedes Falg6n Gliarico Lara M^rida Miranda Monagas Nueva Esparta . Portuguesa Sucre , TAchira Trujillo Yaracuy Tamora Tulia Territories: Amazonas Delta-Amacuro . Total. 745 16,713 29,529 2,161 93,858 1,795 5,712 9,572 25,630 7,642 4,361 3,068 11,155 490 5,867 4,554 4,284 2,856 2,740 13,587 25,283 108,736 15,517 393,874 113,204 134,064 22,937 94,994 55,744 169,313 87,935 139,110 183,930 189,624 88,522 141,446 74,503 40,197 96,045 92,030 101,709 146,585 85,844 62,696 150,776 45,097 7,222 2,323,527 136.648 161.703 30,008 118,685 69,938 193.234 104,424 170,154 220,488 233.152 115,537 175,810 90,439 52,431 114,496 118,160 135,088 185,624 102,351 75,329 186,579 45.097 9,243 2,844.618 The most important cities, with their population as enumerated in the census of 1891 are: Caracas, 72,429 (estimated 86,880, in December, 1915); M^rida (state of M^rida) 13,366; San Cristobal (TAchira) 16,797; Bocono (Trujillo), 13,233; Valencia (Carabobo) 54,387; Barquisimeto (Lara), 27,069; Cuidad Bolivar (Bolivar), 17,535- Puerto Cabello (Carabobo), 13,176; Barcelona (Anzodtegui), 14,089; Maturin (Monagas) 15 624- La Victoria (Aragua), 14,709; Villadecura (Aragua), 15,792; and Maracaibo (La) 34 74^ estimated at 48,500 m 1915) The tetal population of forty-eight towns of over a thousand inhabitants was estimated at 765,430 on December 31, 1915. Commerce n. *u^! ?!"^ ""^ *^^ ^^^^ ^'''^'^'' ^"^"^^ ""^ Venezuela in 1918 was estimated at $45 400 000 Uf this total, imports were estimated at $21,200,000 and exports at $24 200 000 ' ' Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Venezuela for eleven years: Year Ended June 30 1909.. 1910.. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 1914... 1915.. 1916.. 1917... 1918... 1919... Exports Domestic Foreign Total Imports Free Dutiable $2,517,063 2.745,932 3.739.030 4.649.361 5,681.727 5.351,877 5.559.664 8.863.343 12.662.228 7,637,327 $51,148 51,278 52,590 54.244 55.391 49,509 204.778 225.655 218.217 185,680 $2,568,211 2,797,210 3,791,620 4,703,605 5,737,118 5,401,386 5,764.442 9.088.998 12.880,445 7.823,007 9,275,680 $7,199,837 6,407.010 7.430,577 10,368,394 10,223,915 9,480.242 12,916,859 14.354.893 13.714.115 12,091.653 $1,113,772 294,342 204,679 289,595 628,416 282,827 311,379 587,555 1,304,452 1.196.085 Total Per Cent. Free Excess of Exports (♦) or Imports (-) $8,313,609 6,701.352 7,635,256 10,657,989 10,852,331 9,763,069 13,227.238 14,942,448 15,018,567 13,287,738 19,732,709 86.60 95.61 97.33 97.28 94.21 97.10 97.65 96.07 91.32 91.00 -$5,745,398 -3,904,142 -3,843.636 -5,954,384 -5,115.213 -4.361,683 -7,462,799 -5,853,450 -2,138.122 -5.464.731 -10,457.029 210 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Value of imports from the various countries of origm during the July-December period of 1918: Countries Six Months Ended Dec., 1918 Countries Six Months Ended Deo., 1918 United States England Spain France Colombia $4,256,126 2,072,467 225.469 131.152 123,885 lUly Curasao All other countries Totel $98,802 50.658 229.319 $7,187,878 Values of the most important items imported during the July-December period of 1918: Articles Six Months Ended Dec. 1918 Articles Six Months Ended Dec^ 1918 Cotton cloth Drugs Rice Cotton thread Wheat flour Machinery (except typewriters) . Automobiles Wines $1,614,878 439.139 376.732 241.691 237.854 168,415 166,164 154,995 Caustic soda Paraffin Paper, not specified Empty sacks Tin plate (sheets) . . ToUl , 143,894 140.034 121.516 104.376 81.643 $3,991,331 Foreign trade of Venezuela over a period of ten years: Year Imports Exports Total 1908.., 1909., 1910., 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918 (est.) $9,814,027 9,766,182 12,387,553 18,394.889 20,568.940 18.030.104 13.987.465 13.470.236 20,634.418 22.188.22.3 21,200,000 $14,613,244 16.028.635 17.948,570 22,684,384 25,260,908 29,483,789 21,520,534 23,404.427 22,707,000 23.164.702 24,200.000 $24,427,271 25,794.817 30.336,123 41,079,848 45.829.848 47.513,893 35,607,999 36,874,663 43,341.418 45,352.925 45,400.000 The value of imports by countries of origin for five years: Countries 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 United States United Kingdom Spain France Italy Netherlands Colombia Porto Rico Denmark Panama Ecuador Cuba Sweden Austria-Hungary Belgium Germany Other countries $6,944,136 4.296,295 722,645 1.093,656 555,633 1,586,207 12,849 838" 2.032' 228.563 2,586.986 264 $6,015,445 2,893,097 481,687 777.6.38 547.528 1.456.493 14,028 17,482 ■ 33,795 550 1,833 V,43^ 156,488 1,589,966 $7,943,219 2,906,539 651,608 654.530 484,826 788,433 31,886 272* 6,994 1,324 605* $12,958,727 4.630.647 1.158.110 993,004 419,735 277,504 30,889 4,161 87.458 3,574 2.231 67,427 i.osi $15,661,807 3,793,163 1,268,537 949,824 307,069 239.044 30.402 16,754 14.840 6,756 2,027 Total $18,030,104 $13,987,465 $13,470,236 $20,634,418 $22,188,223 VENEZUELA 211 The figures of imports in 1917. as eivpn in ihia *«ki j • i, , compfled not to include parcel-pos l>m^te IZTt^^'^Z ^k" **""' ^"^""^^ "« For the fi^t time the Vene.ueC sU^tLZ^^^X^^X mt ^ '^J'*"'"'- post imports by countries and articles. ^ ' segregated parcel- The principal countries of origin of parcel-post imports were: 1917 United Kingdom Spain Other countries . . Total, $61,626 19,570 4.498 $740,719 Value of imports by principal articles in 1916 and ^^^TZ^ZZIZT. ^ Agricultural implements and machinery Arms and ammunition . . Automobiles and accessories Baggmg Bags, empty Beer Biscuits Butter Buttons. . . Boitles.... Calcium carbide. ! Cement * Cheese .... Soda. Coal '.''.' Confectionery • Cordage .' . .' .' votton: Raw . . . Knit goods'. Textiles... Canvas and duck! Laces and trimmings. ..'.■.'.' fcf "^^- -d towels. .-.: : : : : : : : ; ; ; prugIt3l;,eTc&'°^"^«''^'° spare parts Aiming.. Printing i>ther 1.230 1916 Value $189,769 136,909 420.772 227.646 130.636 9,422 94,463 183,468 53,806 47,671 55.572 117,923 42,118 68,400 151,259 79,849 109,047 317.491 406.038 4,149.819 76.596 73,970 63,050 63,598 548,893 740,656 24,251 151,638 110,192 1,205.487 16.346 49.688 26,517 36,212 22.605 185,089 149.947 43,609 170,448 56,362 137,111 18,722 356,641 243.035 319.967 3,901 77,849 2,947 42,073 59.o,8.=)9 Quantity 1917 Value 88 250 7.)501 15,174 9,118 189 $117,353 44,017 376,895 353,919 106.572 21,464 73,675 73,765 47.204 76.772 24.691 129.676 11,701 89,918 193.663 49.098 173,228 167,385 420,772 3,678.344 196,031 103.892 74,854 153.195 340.539 952.306 99,989 194.232 109,549 1.154,317 42,124 57,833 87.821 29.586 97.372 169.283 203.455 62,390 279,612 59,636 295,145 18,964 70,184 206.508 261.065 33,480 104,454 5,007 492,029 Continued to page 212 212 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Table — Continued: Articles Quantity 1916 Value Quantity 1917 Value Malted barley Meat products Foods, preserved Oils: Benzine and gasoline Machine Kerosene Linseed Olive Paints: Enamels and colors Ordinary Paper: Print Cigarette Other Paraffin Perfumery, fine soaps, powders, etc . Quinine Railway material Rice Rosin Rubber manufactures Sardines Stearin Tinplate Tinplate manufactures Toys Tobacco, leaf Wines Wire: Fence.. Galvanized Woolen textiles 7,009 61.314 25.734 173,568 206,431 47,090 152,367 25,421 157,748 23.513 72.162 70.890 37.891 189.320 73,895 171,939 47,868 129,663 626,289 43,193 37,687 136.497 254,804 14,769 16,173 46,208 287.476 189.568 46.799 179.909 5.366 94.961 123.817 96,113 316.244 66.367 225,197 30.294 87.931 61.397 83.440 142.772 41.641 334.559 148,444 196,813 46,059 117,191 641.067 46,656 59,612 92,668 220,337 20,370 39,839 39,198 18,445 256.385 65,010 63,883 166.515 1918: Values of exports by countries of destination for the six months ending December. Countries Six Months Ended Dec. 1918 Countries Six Months Ended Dec. 1918 United States . Spain Curasao France Trinidad England $3,964,738 1.170,782 1,356.700 1.112,399 1,062.184 375,489 Santa Lucia Italy All other countries. Total 335,004 113,434 414,377 $9,905,107 Values of the principal items of export during the second half of 1918: Artiolea Six Months Ended Dec. 1918 Coffee Cacao Balata (crude rubber) Leaf Tobacco Vyom. • Frozen meat Cattle hides Refined sugar Pearl shells Cattle vaccine Gold smelted $4,479,489 1,188,128 782,872 665.107 309.996 274,295 257,731 236.389 168.133 166.198 120.840 Articlea Six Months Ended Dec, 1918 Gold Clay Asphalt Crude petroleum Goatakina Dividivi (tanning bark) Copper ore Copper smelted Total $118,789 104.370 89.999 71.707 70.386 61.660 • •• ■•••■* 23.160 $9,078,249 VENEZUELA 213 Exports by principal commodities and countries of destination for two years: Coffee United States... Spain France Curasao Italy Cacao United States . , . France SpMiin Trinidad Italy Netherlands .... Cattle hides United States... Trinidad Netherlands .... France Balata United Kingdom . United States Gold. United States !..*.'.!!!.*. Goat and deer skins. . . . United Sutes .'.'.'.'!.'.".'.'!.' Curacao [[[ Asphalt .!!!*.!! United States Sugar, raw .'....'.*.*.. CursQao ......' United States Sugar, refined United States .'!.'.'.*.'.".*.'.'.".'! Curayao ' ' Copper ore * .' ,' j^^^^ractically all to the Uiiited Stktoa *in'b'.^, horses, 191,070; Forat products include mora, mahogany, rubber, balata, yaniUa, tonka beans and state^i^dt p^3 tr:Lzi Terr-Thri^dX'r^r ^ rr. ^-- and transportation faciUties. Coal is mined^'aTNirortre £ Jr^^klt ^L^^^ and a^ong the Unare River, ron is found in the extreme eastern section of the riS' Salt IS a government monopoly, and is fathered in the State of Zulia Pelri Zl engagmg the labors of 1,600 people and 400 boats, are located on M^:;^^!^' TheL£.t7eZX:^r^rur^e\"tGurr^H^'^ 'J '^ -"■''-'- repubUc,istheworld's.argestasphrdts^'^a£rr^^hr^:^^^^^^ ai. several cotton mUls at Valencia, producing goods Sde^ ^S" "^^^ tanning mdustry has made some progress there beinir fa^t^ri^. "■ • f? ' ® of boots, shoes and saddles. uLZZl^Z^ZlT^ZZt^lV '^°"{'^'"« is a concession operated by a British cor^In^T^j^ 2^^ ^nd ^ZTfT""' produce goods not of the best quaUty. There' a,^ two^^rfa^ bi^terir '""" Cura^"" ""• "'"''"' '~"'' ""^ '^^''''' *"•* P*'""*"" ^' P^bably be imported from Post Offices, Telegraphs: There are 309 post oflices, 4,782 miles of telegraoh linp wif h 9i i ^ffi • i . , , companies with a total mileage of 12,511. S are e^^^^^^^ ulf \ T'^^ ^^^'^^^^^ Railways: Railway development has been slow the maYimnm ]o«,r*i, «* *u i being 111 mUes. The total mUeage of tl; ZZ^r^vf^ . ,! '"^' '^«'" ^^ -il-ay for each square mile of territo^ aTlTs in^"; -Thtd of""" IT "^\1 lines are narrow gauue the widths hpin». i f ^T* b • i, , ^ "^ °^ population. All 2 feet. ^ ^ '*** ^ '"*•'*«' 1 "«*«"• (39-37 inches), 3 feet and Roads: There are carriage roads from Caracas to La Guaira anH Ma^nf^ t r^ Valencia, to be continued to San Christobal (68^ mil^ from C.T \ n ^^'""'"^ ^ Money, Weights and Measures: of a peso Th/!9 U T ' * ' ^''^^^^^ ^'""^ '""^^"^^ ^ «^"a» one one-huLdredth P^o. The 12>^ centavos piece is known as a cuartiUo or a locha. ^'^"'^^^eatti l^he metric system of weights and measures was adopted in 1912. 216 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Consular Representatives: United States consular officials are stationed at La Guaira, Caracas, Ciudad Bolivar Maracaibo, Puerto Cabello. * Venezuelan consular officials are stationed at Mobile, Los Angeles, San Francisco Jacksonville, Chicago, New Orleans, New York City, Cincinnati, Oklahoma, Philadelphia* Arecibo, Mayaguez, San Juan, Galveston, Norfolk and Newport News, St. Thomas, Seattle! Customs Tariff: The customs tariflf of Venezuela provides that articles shaU be divided into nine classes on which specific duties shall be assessed on the basis of gross weight. There are three surtaxes of 1, 12>^ and 30 per cent., respectively. Consular Regulations: Four copies of consular invoice (cost per set of four, $0.35) are required. Certification charges are based on a sliding scale. Bills of lading need not be certified. Goods may not shipped consigned "to order." Packages may be marked with either stencil or brush. Language: Spanish. Local Advertising Media: There is one important daily in Caracas and several each in Maracaibo, Puerto Cabello. and Valencia. Shipping Routes: Red "D" Line. Royal Dutch West India Mail Line. Caribbean Steamship Co., Ltd. Cable Rate: One dollar per word from New York or New England states. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: To La Guaira direct, seven days. Parcel Post: Service extends to Venezuela. Limit of weight, 11 pounds. Two copies of the "Customs Declaration" must be attached to each parcel. A person receiving more than 20 kilograms (44 pounds) of the same merchandise by the same steamer must pay an amount equal to 10 per cent, of the Venezuelan customs tariff in addition to the entry duty. Weight, contents and value should be indicated clearly and specifically. There is a minimum charge of 6 reales ($0.58) on all packages imported by parcel post. Pro- hibitions: starch, indigo, cocoa, coffee, salted or dried meat in pieces, salt, sarsaparilla roots, coins, matches, cigarette paper, saccharine, unless addressed to pharmacists, who may import 100 grains per person. Money orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Not'issued. i AMERICAN EXPORTER, Publishers, 17 Battery Place, New York City. ALBANIA— ANDORRA 217 EUROPE ALBANIA (See map. page 289) Area and Population An independent country under ItaUan, and to a certain extent, under French protection, located on the eastern shore of the Adriatic, west of Serbia and north of Greece. It has an area of about 10,500 square miles, and an estimated population of 1,000 000 For 600 years before 1914, Albania was a Turkish province. The principal town^ are Durazzo, o!^?TrT ""^^^ (5.000); Scutari (32,000); Elbasan (13,000); Trana (12.000); Kortcha (8,000); Valona (6,600). Production Industry and Commerce. Tobacco, wool and ohve oU are the principal products. Wool is made up into heavy native cloth. The mmeral resources are petroleum, copper, coal, silver, gold, and lead. Ihere are few forests, and stone is therefore used for structural purposes. Rye. com wheat, oats and barley are grown. Vegetables are scarce. There are no railroads in the country, and the roads, in general, are bad. Southern Albania, smee the Italian occupation, has had some mihtary roads constructed, connecting the pnncipal towns with Kortcha. Central Albania has no roads. Northern Albania has one, running from Durazzo and Tirano to Scutari; but no bridges cross the wide and 8W1 1 nvere. Commerce is restricted to essential commodities, and is carried on with Italy and Greece. Shipments to Albania are made via Naples, thence by rail to Brindisi or ban. The customs charge is 10 per cent, ad valorem at Valona, and 11 per cent, at oiner pomts. Goods going over land by caravan from Saloniki are charged 1 franc per kUo or about $0.09 per pound e. f^ u, ANDORRA bv htr^^^ independent republic in the Pyrenees, consisting chiefly of a vaUey surrounded sLll ^-ir T" * ^ ^"^ ^"^^ °^ ^^^ '^""^ "^^^^ *^^ * population of 5,231. living in sn^aU villages^ Itf^l^xunum length is seventeen miles, audits width eighteen miles. The «>imtry IS under the jomt control of the French President and the Spanish Bishop of Urgel. he language of the country is Catalan. French and Spanish currency are in use. 11 218 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SCALt O* M>t.C5 AUSTRIA ru.J^ "f^K^Public of Austria, u a result of the great war. consists only of certain portions of the former kingdom of Austria. Of the commercial potentiaUties of the new ^^J ^n^ "Twl** '^•!; '^' "'P'*^ ""* P™"'!^ "*y ^ Vienna, a city with some 200,000 more mhab.tants than Philadelphia. The principal Industrie; of the new repubUc are agriculture and manufacturing, the Utter carried on principaUy in Vienna. H„n^^ T" tr*^ i^**. " ^'^^^ •'^ Switzerland, Germany, Chechoslovakia, H^^ Jugo^via and Italy. As a result of the war Austria has lost, as a part of some TJ^^«:^K' ^V ^" ^T" **"'°'y' ^^ '"P"'^' Adriatic sea coast which form- ^d FW ' '** *''* °^''*'* °' "'* "'"''' *'^"*'' "■* P*"*" °' Tri**** ,nH ^ *^' ^T*' **"'°'^, '""'"'^'^ "'"^ *''* '^e<*<"° °f A™t™. Bohemia, Moravia ?^lh T T^ "^J"^ ,°^ f '^ """"' "''''^' '"^'' '^° "^-^ f ««= new 8tat« of di^^r^^r^' ?" L""*^ ^""P'^ ''°* ""'y **^ ™<«* important manufacturing dMtnct of the former kmgdom, but an equally important mining and agricultural center. To Poland Austria has lost the greater part of GaUda, with an area of 30,212 square miles. AUSTRIA 219 miles). To Rumania Austria ha^ bee„ f!!^^^"^'^^ '"'' ^*"*' ^'^ 3,078 square which has valuable mineral ^^cT '^' ^"^""^ ^'^ *-^ ^'^^ ^es) its P^cTpri^inTr^l'ilttelld^rm^ " P-ipa. manufacturing industries, terms of the treaty of peace A;sWa L in^r^^f agricultural regions. Under the Pemisylvania. Before the war the A^tl^^^tT' '"""^'^"^ as large as the stets of combined states of New York, NeWeZ ^^t°^ ""^' '° fT' '"~"' "^^^o^ «>« therefore lost as a direct result o! tlZLu^J^^'"""'" f?" ^'''^^'"^- ^-^^a has i^po^tt^m^t^rtfrrTd wL^htrtf^ ^'T' ^'""'"' '•« ''^ -^^^^ only greater than Philadelphia. ^^ iTto a ^U^ J'*! ''"' " P^P"^*'"" »•"« 200,00b principal product conLu. of aS^ of1„!„^'*^/^"* ." """"^acturing center, bu its only in part available for aStt^ IT^^Z Tf^' J""' ''^■^ '<^' *- Austria is economically consideied, is^t onTa ^Z^ont^Z\ T ^''l"*^ ^""'"^ "*-<». greater part of its requirements on otheT^^tri^ ^"^^ ^ ""P^""^* '" '*'« Area and Population ProI:LV':,S^J,^,J^^'^^-^^'^re^'- of her former dominions the Styria^d twcvthirds of C^inlS'" xhf p^/nt" of °^ t '^ ^^°'' --«^<1 "^ have been ceded to other countries The aC^^^. a '"'• ^"'''"^ and Dalmatia accurate detaUed statistics for the new Aultl fh^' ??^' ■ ^ '* "^ "nP°^ble to obtain app«.ximate in that, where part ofaprTvin^C^ ""^^""^ '^ ^^^^ **''"' "^ o>Jy for the whole province havX>n ri^^^t^.'Z' '^i,'"'?«' «"> tn'aty, the statisti,i statistics have been omitted- ' P""^** has been ceded as a whole, the Provinces Lower Austria. IJPP^r Auatria. g~»burg Tyrol \ Voralberg /•• '^annthia Area Sqiiare Miles Population of principal cities in the new Austria: Population 3.531,814 853.006 214,737 1,444,157 946.613 396,200 I^wer Austria: J^enna (Wien> Wien Neustadt. „ ^^^•"^'^"^-■ OpperAogSii; QlgZl wSb. 2,031.498 32,874 21,805 18,067 67,817 17,442 16,376 Salzburg: p. .SaUburg... otyna: ^ Gra« Carinthia: Klagenfurt, Tyrol; Innsbruck. Voralberg: Dombim. 36,188 151.781 28,911 53,194 16,199 220 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Commerce Prior to 1920 United States statistics of foreign commerce included trade with Austria under the classification of trade with Austria-Hungary. Exports to Austria-Hungary during the calendar year 1919 were valued at $42,211,564, and imports from, at $4,932,387. Foreign commerce of the former kingdom of Austria for five years, including that of Czecho-Slovakia and ceded territory: Year Imports Exports 1906.. 1907.. 1908.. Year $481,146,200 516,253,000 491,938,000 Imports S539.602,400 531,617,000 479.183,800 1909.. 1910.. EXPORTII $562,889,400 685,946,800 $495,018,600 517,528.000 Value of principal imports, by commodities, 1907-1911, in round millions: Commodity 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 Dyes and medicines Spices Tobacco Grains and rice Vegetables Fniits Oils and fats Eggs Coal and coke Woodenware Minerals Dyes and tanning materials . . . Rubber and rubber goods Cotton and cotton goods Flax, hemp and jute Wool and manufactures Silk and silk goods Paper and paper goods Leather and leather goods Iron and iron ware Machines and electrical goods . Base metals and manufactures. Chemicals Instruments Clocks $3,500,000 15,800,000 8,000,000 10.200.000 3,200.000 2.700.000 11,100,000 4.500.000 36.600,000 4,200.000 9.600.000 3,200,000 6,900,000 82.100.000 4,600,000 48,300,000 22.800,000 6,600.000 12.900.000 13,500.000 19.100,000 26.200,000 10,900,000 5,300.000 3,700,000 $3,700,000 1,500,000 9,200,000 12,100,000 4,100,000 2,300.000 10,600.000 3,600,000 37,700.000 4.300,000 9.200.000 2.900.000 6,600,000 64.900,000 5,900.000 42.700.000 21,900.000 6.200.000 13,000,000 17,100,000 20,500.000 22.900.000 11.300.000 7,000.000 2.800.000 $4,500,000 1.300.000 9.300.000 13.000.000 5,400.000 2.800.000 9.100.000 4.200.000 37,300.000 4,500,000 10,100,000 3,200,000 9,800,000 73,600,000 5,000,000 53.500,000 21,400,000 6,500,000 14.400,000 14.000.000 18.300.000 21,100,000 11,100.000 7,900,000 3.000.000 $5,400,000 1,500.000 10.200,000 24.600.000 4.900.000 2.800,000 11.100,000 5.300,000 34.700.000 5.400.000 11,300.000 3.,'iOO.OOO 13.800.000 78.600,000 5.700,000 55,300,000 22.500,000 7.200,000 14.600,000 13.800.000 21.300.000 25.600.000 11,100,000 8,200,000 2.400.000 Value of principal exportsby commodities, 1907-1911, in round millions : $5,300,000 1.800,000 10.900,000 27,600,000 5,500.000 4.100.000 13.800.000 5,400,000 37,800.000 6.700.000 12.600.000 3.500,000 11.300,000 81,400,000 7,200,000 50,100,000 24,500,000 7,200,000 18,900.000 16.800.000 23.800,000 28,100.000 11.300,000 8,700,000 3.500,000 Commodity 1907 1908 1909 Sugar Tobacco [] [] Grains !.'.*!!! Vegetables and fruits '.'.'..'. Furs and skins Fats .".■■; Confectionery Malt Edibles '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Wood and woodenware Instruments, clocks and machines Minerals Dyes and tanning materials '.'. . Rubber and rubier goods Mineral oils Cotton and cotton goods Metal wares [[[\ Wool and woolen ware Silk and silk goods [ Paper and paper goods Leather and leather goods Glass and glass ware Earthenware Ironware and iron Machines and electrical goods Vehicles Base metals and manuJfactures Chemical products Dyes, medicines 1910 $39,500,000 2,100,000 12,300.000 2,300.000 10.100,000 4,600,000 20.100.000 11.600.000 2,700.000 72.200,000 12.400.000 9,600,000 2,200,000 3,500,000 4,500.000 34,300.000 11,700,000 27,600,000 9,300,000 13,800,000 13,900,000 14,500,000 5,100,000 19,700.000 12.400,000 7,700,000 5.000,000 7.500,000 1.200.000 1911 $45,300,000 2.300.000 10.800.000 2.100.000 12.400.000 6.700.000 16,700.000 11.100.000 3.000.000 61.800,000 11.400.000 8.300.000 1,900,000 3,100.000 6.500,000 18.600.000 9.500.000 18,300,000 9,500,000 12,100,000 12,300,000 12,800.000 4,700.000 13,300,000 11.400.000 3,700.000 3,700,000 5,400,000 1.400,000 $48,100,000 2.300.000 7,200,000 2,200,000 17,000.000 6.600,000 17,400,000 9.400,000 3,200.000 59.700.000 11.700.000 9.100.000 2.100,000 3.800.000 7.300,000 22,400,000 10,800,000 19,900,000 9,100.000 11.600.000 14.200.000 14.200.000 4.100,000 18,300,000 11,700,000 3,100,000 4,000,000 8,500,000 1.200,000 $48,200,000 2,700,000 7,900,000 4,000,000 14,400,000 5.600.000 18,600,000 9,700.000 2,900.000 65,100,000 13,700,000 9.000,000 2.000.000 4,000,000 6,700.000 26,300,000 13,100,000 20,600,000 8,100.000 12,100,000 15.800.000 14.800.000 4,600,000 17,900,000 13,700,000 4,100,000 4,800.000 8,800.000 1.500.000 $43,100,000 2,900.000 4.600,000 3,100,000 14,500.000 4.700.000 18,500.000 11.400.000 2,700,000 70,400.000 15,600,000 8,500,000 1,900,000 4,000,000 6,600,000 28,800,000 12,100.000 20,700,000 9,000,000 12,000,000 14,000.000 14.200,000 4,800.000 19,900.000 15,600.000 5,400.000 6.100.000 9,100.000 1.600,000 AUSTRIA Value of imports by principal countries of or igin. 1906-1910: Covmtry 1906 1907 1908 1909 Africa America .'.'.*.'.'.'] Argentine !!...!!!. Asia. .'!!."!.'.'" Australia ][][ Belgium Braiil .' * .' ." * Bremen ' ' ] ' British Possessions in Mediterranean British India Bulgaria '.'.'..'. Canada Chile ; ; ; ; ; China Denmark .'!!.'.*!." JVance !..!!!.. Germany .'.','.*!! Greece [[ Great Britain .'.'.'.'.'.'.'. g»{°^"''« : : : ?»'y ijp».° Mexico Netherlands...::::::::::: Norway Persia :::::::: Roumania : : Russia :::::::: Sweden :::::: Switierland. ... ^^ ;i::::::::::::::: Turkey United States.... : $1,991,000 1.511,000 3.733,000 636,000 2,472,000 9,423,00b 10,539,000 141,000 32,000 40,627,000 1,502,000 206,000 2,625,000 2,001,000 290,000 14,985,000 185,360.000 48,362,000 39,558.000 114,000 23,551,000 1.257,000 157,000 4,265,000 1.229,000 136,000 7,132,000 30,279,000 1.407,000 19,034,000 1.774,000 9,125,000 43,103,000 $485,000 1.800,000 4,351,000 371,000 2,581,000 9,339,000 10,601,000 218,000 40,000 37.085.000 1,214,000 197.000 2,736.000 2.350,000 526,000 16,760.000 198,535,000 4.838,000 50,604,000 348,000 24,899,000 256,000 3.655,000 1,194.000 193,000 6,962,000 27,939,000 1.673,000 22,050,000 2.072,000 8,395,000 47,848.000 $438,000 2.851,000 4,519,000 1,149.000 2,402,000 8,732,000 9,295,000 83,000 102,000 30,235,000 914,000 59,000 3,162,000 1.967,000 332,000 16,582,000 202.065,000 5,289,000 44.801,000 251,000 23,803.060 1,493,000 410,000 3,583,000 987,000 163,000 6,237,000 25,486,000 1,728,000 17,627,000 2,059,000 8,251.000 45,213.000 $463,000 2,949.000 4,282,000 1,074.000 3,959.000 9,962,000 10.605,000 17,000 62.000 37.742,000 2,017,000 197,000 3,431,000 2,478,000 712,000 19,634,000 216,326,000 3,875.000 45,457,000 100,000 24,839,000 1,455,000 305,000 4,452,000 1,229,000 488,000 25,093,000 36.284,000 1,426,000 19,825,000 2,089,000 8,785.000 46,282,000 Value of principal exports by countries of destination. 1906-1910: Country of Destination 1906 1907 Africa . America. . Argentine. Asia. Australia ..:::::::: Belgium : : Braril : " * Bremen . . iSlsh f,«i?^o^ in Mediterranean: Bulgaria Canada... . Chile ::::::: China : : : : : Denmark .* :::::: : Germany. ....::: France : : : Greece . . . : Great Britain.'.'. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.[ •Hamburg Italy...*;;;;;;;;; J^pan . Mexico Netherlands'. : : Norway Persia ;.':::; Roumania. .. . : : Russia ....,.' Sweden : : Switrerland'.'.:: "Dam. . 1908 1909 opa J»rkey..:::: United States. $4,026,000 1,147,000 1,810.000 153,000 440,000 4,972,000 1,645,000 1,489,000 628.000 15.270,000 4,637,000 498.000 635,000 3,976.000 1.447.000 210,614,000 15,566,000 4,301,000 47,256,000 20,345,000 37,999,000 1,121,000 508,000 6,953,000 359,000 8,021,000 24,476,000 15,221,000 1.541,000 30,441,000 1.280,000 24,472,000 1.850,000 $373,000 6.480,000 1.505.000 175.000 447,000 5,342,000 1.515,000 1.820,000 597,000 10,164,000 6,124,000 486,000 662,000 1.214,000 1,455,000 217,005,000 15,059,000 5.584,000 45,808,000 21,644,000 42.256.000 913.000 595.000 6.378,000 435,000 257,000 24,665.000 17,151.000 1.515,000 3,648,000 1.138,000 25,883.000 13,957,000 $188,000 1,004.000 1,576,000 179,000 365,000 4,366,000 1,328.000 1.274,000 749,000 12,195,000 4,873,000 282,000 200,000 769,000 1.450,000 194,879,000 13,520,000 4.407,000 47,394,000 17,161,000 47,407,000 664,000 261,000 6,049,000 472,000 281,000 20,366,000 15,826,000 1,212,000 26,390,000 1.217,000 18,138,000 11,950,000 $246,000 830,000 2,235,000 79,000 378,000 4,549,000 1,565.000 1,178,000 984,000 12,462,000 6,782,000 538,000 253.000 918,000 1.357.000 194,486,000 1.439,000 3,623,000 49,846,000 18,159,000 47,904,000 1,082,000 342,000 5,409,000 459,000 445,000 19,505,000 16,965,000 1.522,000 30,302,000 1,573,000 20,237,000 16.070.000. 221 1910 $2,361,000 4,002.000 1,311,000 3,340,000 9,773,000 11,863,000 66,000 41,000 46,036.000 1,988,000 59,000 3,358,000 2,981,000 780,000 22,733,000 233,751.000 4.033,000 47,167.000 139.000 26,434,000 1,680,000 424,000 4.459.000 1,353.000 371,000 10,457,000 33,493,000 1.834,000 22,737,000 2.137.000 10.406,000 47.456,000 1910 $44,000 673,000 3,178,000 84,000 459,000 4,921,000 2.492,000 1.087,000 729,000 14.759.000 6,648,000 630.000 524.000 964,000 1.585,000 198,436,000 15,727,000 4,906,000 46,815,000 18,563,000 47,103.000 1,057,000 415,000 5,312,000 438,000 554,000 21,997.000 20,161,000 1.472,000 36,372.000 1,700,000 27,657,000 I m 222 ^ EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS The percentage relation of Austria's imports from principal countries for five j^ears: 1906 1907 1908 Germany. United States. Great Britain. India Italy Russia France Brasil Switierland. . , Belgium . 1909 38.8 9.2 8.1 7.9 5.0 6.5 3.4 2 3 3.2 2.0 39.4 9.5 9.5 8.4 4.9 6.5 3.3 2.1 3.1 1.8 41.8 9.2 9.0 6.8 4.9 5.3 3.4 1.9 2.8 1.8 39.1 8.4 8.0 7.2 4. ft 6.6 3.5 1.9 2.6 1.8 1910 39.9 8.1 8.0 7.9 4.5 6.7 3.9 2.0 3.9 1.7 I ^-tf 1-8 1.8 1.8 1.7 The percentage relation of Austria's exports to principal countries for five years: 190« 1907 1908 1909 1910 Germany United States. Great Britain. India Italy Russia France Roumania. . . Turkey Swi tier land... 47.6 47.7 2.5 2 7 9.8 9.2 3.1 2.4 7.5 7.9 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.0 4.3 4.6 4.8 4.5 3.5 3.8 46.5 2.6 10.4 2.5 10.1 3.2 2 4 3. 4. 46.2 38.3 3.6 3.2 10.6 9.0 2 5 2.8 10.1 9.1 3.3 3.8 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.0 4 6.2 Prodnctioii and Industi7 AgricuUure: Statistics exclude Czechoslovakia and ceded territory. Prom the agrarian point of view, the only part of Austria having any real value is that ^wXpe^r^'^'*"'"'"'^''^- ^'•"■"'-"PPe'Austriaiaowned^cipaUy foUo^/*'' ^^ °"°''^' °^ agricultural holdings was 815,576. They were distributed as Sise of holdings (1 hectare 2.47 acres) Hectares 0-2 2-6 5-20 20-50 50-100 No. of holdings... Area (in acres) . . . 472,630 645,472 100-500 over 500 11 5.. 390 923,782 156,778 4,282.585 57,237 4,167,205 8.741 1.394.167 5.039 2.498.822 1,161 7,652,637 In 1911 the subdivision of the soil was as follows (in acres) : Province Arable land Gardens Vineyards Lower Austria Upper Austria Salsburg Styria Carinthia . . . Tyrol Meadows 2,151,380 1.050,742 153.957 1,058,062 353,485 345,682 Woods Lakes, etc. 76,957 59,432 4,567 60,325 10,030 9,920 92.582 76,515 133 34.575 750,742 629.721 755,640 1.333.785 837,600 2.397.337 1.700.740 1.019.372 579.770 2,688.062 1.139.740 2,591.500 4,890 15,425 16,462 4.807 4.725 16,772 AUSTRIA 223 The area in acres under principal crops, by provinces, in 1911 was as follows: Lower Austria Upper Austria Salibuig Wheat Rye Barley*. . . Oats. ... .. Maize Potatoes. . Beet Sugar Styria 202.510 565.027 188,300 442,085 41,085 269,070 37,670 Carinthia Tyrol 1.345,672 221,607 94,232 213,927 21.130 27,920 2,567 19,355 162,940 182,500 49,837 156,860 98.192 83.937 34.425 81,230 18,022 64,305 17,510 25.026 33.642 63.886 20.130 15.832 79,972 1.862 31,235 36.432 Produce of principal crops (in tons) by provinces, in 1911: Province Ijower Austria . Upper Austria . Salzburg Styria Carinthia Tyrol 157.484 88,764 13.341 95.905 23.649 25.161 378.624 151,153 21,743 96,645 52,390 53,239 105,408 54,240 1,829 26.991 11,079 15,191 241,678 126,510 968 90.186 38.364 9,863 25,328 54,709 9,913 26,647 1,838 83 338 159 652 7,818 126 276 6,799 2,728 3,455 Livestock, by provinces, according to the census of 1910: 603.097 735,486 7,365 215.918 78,053 209.832 307.682 Horses Cattle. Sheep. Swine. 62.003 552,877 32.204 355,207 145.107 609,509 44,619 709,549 Note: In 1911 there were 4,047.71 to 3.521,687 pounds. 11.710 128,618 35,991 22.583 62.408 683.443 86,708 836,520 30.020 222,383 71.316 185.595 22.558 412.667 150.903 99.550 beehives in Austria. The production of honey and honeycomb amounted F(yrestry: Statistics exclude Czecho-Slovakia and ceded territory Acreage of forests under principal ownei^hips. by provinces, in 1911: Province State Forests Under State Admin. Com- munal Forests J^)wer Austria. ^pper Austria, ^aliburg Carinthia.... ! Styria Tyrol District Forests Other public Forests 72,692 149.997 294,488 35,017 138.782 286.887 Church Forests Forests belong- ing to associa- tions 5.955 60.702: 297 33,967; 64.437 l,160l 72,062 5,150 20,647 18,107 31,905 1.447,265 Prop, in trust 490 152 155 75 38,470 1,150 Private Forests 11,897 605 30 655 517 2,457 111,667 41.575 3.285 33,075 123,452 32,200 49.727 8,015 12,045 65.215 99.815 104.862 340.957 84.285 114,557 61.397 2,435 104,606 669.407 24.667 839.700 2.065.177 713.095 Yield of timber and firewood, by provinces, in 1911: Timber (cubic yds.). . *'«rewood (cubic yds.) 1.446,471 2,065,310 860.366 1,090,739 412,132 467,845 1.806,610 1.747,590 1,209.278 995.751 1.215.630 1.413.750 fining: Statistics exclude Czecho-Slovakia and ceded territorv ^i 224 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS !^H i^^^^T 'i"'*"c ' ®*^' '^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^> ^°^ ^^ Lower Austria; lignite in Unner and Lower Austna. Styna, Carinthia and Tyrol; and iron ore in Salzbunr. StfT^rl^T! Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia Number of mining establishments, the annual production in tons, and the value of and Tyrol. Numb the produce: Mberal Lower Austria Upper Austria Saliburg No. Production Value No. Production Value No. Production Value Coal Lignite Iron Ore. . . . Gold Ore &.".:::;::: Zinc Tin ; Sulphur Graphite Asphalt 6 3 "5" 46,461 24,453 747 $204,310 $49,425 5.758 "2" 243,128 $591,666 ..... 2 3 6.634 4,7i9 '$19,703 i4i;47i Coal Lignite Iron Ore.., Gold Ore.. Zinc Tin Sulphur.. . Graphite Asp Ehite. alt. . 37 5 6* 1 1 • • • • 1 4 1.782,053 1,062,858 15 272 2,4i7 6.976 $4,786,037 2.544,255 168 7,962 8.832 106,028 5 2 1 1 9 II 80,763 30.332 "i88 10,436 18.242 $203,229 78.118 900 660.395 382.773 Number of employees in the mining industry: 3 2 'e' 2 20,138 958 25 563 ■ •••■• 867 '433 $88,952 • •••••• 2,990 1.187 14,338 3,975 7,878 Mineral Lower Austria Upper Austria Salxburg Coal Lignite Iron Other minerals. Total. 533 217 9 35 794 Styria Carinthia Tyrol Total 1,587 1,587 73 631 704 14.112 3.156 310 17,578 758 351 2.854 3.963 282 2 489 773 533 16.956 3,591 4.319 25,399 Fisheries: and IhVl';e\arerarch'*!^,'rSrm ' 'd""' ^? "'^'"^' '■" *"•' '""™^ ^''«"«'' DersonoanH ■! 9finK * ?• ^\^*'^- ^^urmg the same season, there were 16,498 persons and 5,260 boats engaged m the winter fisheries; the value of the catch being 1744,238 . Manufactures: * ' , ns7''*'* ^^"^ 'I ^^^l' ^ '"*'' "' '^'<^ f«<"°"«« ^ the kingdom of Austria of which stS! TIoTnT^" *t' T"""=*"" °' '"'**"^ "«^ «"«'■ 2.7^ » textiles 2 370 n'^- stuffs, 1,669 m woodwork and cane, 1,644 in metal, 1,182 in machinery and 1,004 n chemicals. In the same year there were 1.069 breweries, which produced 556,^55,507 Sons o"^r AUSTRIA 2a SL;^S'p:^^S-,SV^^^^^^^^ ^- ^t sugar factories .jor^mploying 37,660 pe.ons, which Si' ^'^^ ^^l^^Z^l^^Z Vienna is dependent on surroundinu territorv >.nj f i. . -. materials. An industry whose products are k^o™^ '• aJ??"^; ''°'" ^°' ^'^ "^d 'aw for the past fifty years. This Wust^ ^.^^Taw m^ f^.u' ^'*'^*" ^ fl^-^hed wood, leather, bronze, wool and cottoZ **"*"' ^^ °"»' important being Capital invested in various industries in lOin- .u e Austria: """'"^ '" »9>0' the figures include the old kingdom of Building Companies . Building material. . . . Mining and furnaces! Breweries Steam mills Alcohol, starch. ..'..., Sugar Other foodstuffs. . . . . Chemicals Electricity ;;;; Gas Glass, porcelain "and stone Kind of Industry $7,023,200 11,755.600 99,496,800 29,732,600 148,000 4,178,600 23,488,200 2,192.800 23,345,200 16.019,200 3,457.800 7,045,000 Woodland woodenware Machines, metalwaresand kppaituses Paper and printing;:::: 1 rade associations Hotels and baths InrrTce"''"" (exceptR.R:)/.: Textiles..'.;::::: Shipping companies: : : : : : : : — Capital $3,650,000 2.720.000 48,012,800 2,030.000 18,249.200 9.027.000 5,825,600 6,097,600 15.220,000 28,481,200 24,854,000 Railways, Roads, Rivers: Mile^llS li^^S prSk't'u^t i!r "''^ '- ">« ""^ '^"«<'o- of Austria) 5,673 mUes; foreign VailwarS-tS'* Gor^^T^f' ^^ motn^es, 11,578 passenger ca«, ni,898 freight,. SU'^^ "^ ^'^^O loc^: 3,183 passenger and 36,669 freight cars In IfliaTh^^ ^» ^^ ^^ ^-^''^ locomotives »nd 974 miles of river navigable for" teamen *'''^ "'''^ ^^'^^ ^^ of improved r^ Post Offices. Telegraphs, Telephones: (Statistics for old kingdom of Austria 1 Th«, ^.3 the milage of telegraph lines tZtLfof^i^'l't^'^'r''-"' Post offices. In "ban and 950 interurban telephone systems rlT,' k ^^^'^ ^^^ m 1914, 1 475 W-; the interurban, 54,098 m^lee. ^::Zt^Z\2^Z't^lV.''''' "^ Money, Weights and Measures: ' ' ' h fll'^L'^'"'™" monetary system was on the gold basis Th. . ■. / i'the krone or crown, worth at par $0 202 rfnff^o. T """' ^°ot coined in gold) "equal to 100 heUer. Gold coins are IM ^a^d 10^,^ ^'*' "^'"'y- The l^ne P-eces. Nickel are 20 and 10 heUer. Z^^mZ^!^' '•''^*' ''"^ 5, 2, 1 cro^ The metric system of weights and measures is used in foi^ign trade. The old weights and measures, stiU used to a sliafif ^« W, 12.49 wine gaUons; Joch. l.« acrTs^er, g cu';::*!^^:?;^^'^ '~"°*'- language; German. 226 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS AZORES 227 i' Shipping Routes: Since Austria has no seaport shipments for that country are sent via Trieste, or via German and other European ports. Customs Tariff: In the former Austria-Hungarian tariff the duties were determined from the commercial treaties concluded between Austria-Hungary and various countries. There were over 650 articles enumerated in the conventional tariff, and for most of these the duties were specific, based on the unit of 100 kilos. Cable Rates: From New York or New England states, $0.32 per word. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Nine days. Parcel Post: Service extends to Austria. Limit of weight, eleven pounds. Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. AZORES The Azores, an archipelago belonging to Portugal, are situated in the Atlantic Ocean; the nearest continental land is Capada Roca on the Portuguese coast 850 miles to the east of St. Michael's. Cape Cantin on the African coast is 900 miles distant, while Cape Race in Newfoundland is more than 1,000 miles away. They are divided into three widely severed groups: The southeastern one consisting of St. Michael's, St. Mary and Formigas; the central of Fayal, Pico, St. George, Terceira and Graciosa; and the northwestern of Flores and Corvo. Their area is 922 square miles, population approximately 256,291. St. Michael's is the largest and most populous of the islands, with an area of 297 square miles and population of 121,340. The most important exports of the Azores are fruits, wines, mineral waters and pro- visions. The trade in pineapples is especially important. Pottery, cotton fabrics, spirits, straw hats, and tea are produced in the vicinity of Ponta Delgada; linen, woolen goods, cheese, butter, soap, tiles, and bricks in that of Angra; baskets, mats and various ornamental objects made from straw, osier and pith of dried fig-wood, in that of Horta. Commerce Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with the Azores, and Madeira Islands, for seven years: Year Ended Exports Imports Excess of Exports (♦) June 30 Domestic Foreign Total Free Dutiable Total Per Cent. Free or Imports (-) 1913... 1914... 1915... 1916... 1917... 1918. . . 1919 $237,930 229.923 88,614 278,841 346.895 172,042 $372 10,800 3,198 14,654 18,787 7,472 $238,302 240,723 91,812 293.495 365.682 179.514 353.828 $3,839 12,059 17,390 13,808 9.014 7,711 $319,760 525,122 514,148 779,641 1,432,992 1,506,343 $323,599 537.181 531,538 793.449 1,442.006 1,514,054 1,553,773 1.19 2.25 3.27 1.74 .62 .51 -$85.27 -296.4.=)S -439.72»> -499,954 -1,076,324 -1,334,540 -1,199,845 Portugal supplies most of the imports into the Azores, with Great Britain second and the United States third. The figures given are for the islands of St. Michael's, Fayal, and Terceira, and the totals include the values of articles entering into the trade between Azores ports, resulting in some duplication. Total from all countries for 1915 and 1916: Articles Total — Imports 1915 1916 Articles Total — Imports 1915 Bags Barley Biscuits Boots and shoes Candles Cement Cheese Chemical products Coal Vi^7D vv •••••••«■•••■ ••••••.< V/OKO •••••••••••••••■•••••, Copper Drugs Earthenware Fertilisers Fish Flour Furniture Gasoline Glass and glassware Hats Iron and ironwork Leather and leather goods . . . Liquora Machinery and agricultuial implements Matches $4,775 12,953 4.482 19.014 9.628 28.626 376.851 6.634 1.120 9.594 14,897 16,349 27,898 49,626 6,811 1,684 73,852 2,346 92.331 70,243 4.611 $27,879 15.183 6.576 4,056 9,431 6,454 27.057 12,862 1,116,257 10,032 7,207 2.611 11.017 7.613 19.299 38.242 167.545 9.439 9,978 6,735 4.086 22.433 48,488 10,297 1916 16,320 30.097 Molasses Motor cars and parts OU, lubricating Paints Paper Petroleum '.'.'.'., Rice '.'.'... Rope and cordage ...... Rubber goods and tires. Salt Seeds and plants Sewing machines Soap: Common .... Toilet ['.'.', Spices ' Sugar ..'.".',". Sweets .' 1 ! ! .* .* Textiles, wool .*..'.. Tobacco \\ Tools and hardware. . . * Wheat ; Terceira imports n. e. s. All other articles Total. 1.299 7,852 25,566 8,391 58,563 31,053 11,371 1,990 849 ' 5,035 7,923 54,691 2,735 12,579 42,710 12,941 457,759 25.993 21.382 55,643 531.060 403,251 $2,623,961 Value of the principal exports in and from Horta, Fayal: 4,593 9,586 10,298 5.401 23,773 47,418 12.244 3.818 8,660 28,840 70.638 1,747 39.965 3,418 4,697 46,674 6,951 417,931 177,261 20.002 825 1,273.245 216,783 $4,082,062 1914, 1915 and 1916 from Ponta Delgada, St. Michael's Articles Ponta Delgada 1914 1915 1916 Alcohol Beans Hides Indian Corn. . Mineral water. Oil Oxen Pineapples. Potatoes. Sugar. Tea Tobacco All other articles . $80,496 243,067 9,093 72.283 12,888 $60,134 117,145 11,647 267,481 12,476 12,476 991 419,165 5,499 215.544 73,760 224,754 61.586 122,783 414,425 21.635 34.957 5.396 36,750' 19,244 .8,688 354.606 60,536 296,152 50,914 228 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Nationality and tonnage of vessels arriving and departing: Ponta Delgada Nationality 1915 1916 AnriAric&n Number 15 141 ■36* • • ■ • • • • • • • ■ ■ 14 115 "i" 10 33 359 Tods 27.566 845.199 ' 143,966" 25,489 126,629 2,i45 37.073 97.559 1,305.560 Number 30 115 10 28 12 47 5 20 118 8 • ■ • • is' 410 Tons 67,332 British 656.259 Danish 20.669 French 140,936 Greek 41,884 ItaliAn 325.141 JanAnesA 26,215 NorwAirian 44,752 Pnrtusruese 135.080 Snftnish 23.365 Rpliriftn rhitch All other countries 44.515 Total 1.526.148 Horta Nationality 1915 1916 Ampripan 14 45 11 28 is' 42 • ■ • • 24 177 56.036 151.635 36.421 145.951 '34.396 77.602 "■6JB".9ii 570,952 19 49 30 29 12 29 33 10 27 238 31,750 Rritish 134.907 Dutrh 85,355 French 146,275 TtAliAn 78.977 Nonvpffian .-. 63,446 PortuflTuese 75,875 Tlimsi.in 16.202 All othftr countriBS 73.164 Total 705.951 Angra Nationality 1915 1916 British French Number 5 20 121 • • ■ • 137 Tons 53,076 129,594 110.853 Number • • • • 16 111 2 129 Tons '9l',i45 'Prirf 11C71IPAA 126,659 All other countries 1.001 Total 293.523 218.808 Consular Representatives: United States has a consul stationed at St. Michael's. Shipping Routes: Fabre Line. Customs Tariff: Same as for Portugal. Consular Regulations: Same as for Portugal. Cable Rates: From New York or New England states, $0.52 per word. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Ten days. Parcel Post: Service extends to the Azores. Money Orders: Issued. International Reply Coupons: Not Issued. BELGIUM 229 )■' BELGIUM thp r ""T^"^ ^ northeastern Europe bounded by the North Sea, Holland, Germany, coun?r ?u^^ t ^r^^"'^' ^°^ ^'^'^^- ^^^«i^ i« *h« '"^st thickly populated ^II^iTmUe ^"^^^ ""^ population in pre-war years averaging 652 to the nor^nW^'^T ^l' ^"^^^^ ^^"^ ^'^^^y developed industriaUy, and a greater portion of her popmation hM been engaged in manufacturing industries than is the caae with any other country. In the past her principal manufacturing industries have included the production 230 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS of iron and steel, the construction of steam and gas engines, automobOes, and machinery of aU kmds, centermg at Charleroi and Liege, the production of rinc, glass and chemicals and the very importaiit textile industry. Coal mining is of great importance. Agriculture' the breedmg of cattle, dairy farming and the growing of fruit, flowers and vegetables ar^ extensively earned on. The principal cities are Brussels, Antwerp, Li^ge, Charleroi, Ghent and Verviers The per capita imports of Belgium in 1913 amounted to $120 20 The per capita $213.87. Of the total unports in 1912 the United States supplied 8 per cent. Area and Population Provinces Antwerp (Anvere) Brabant Hainaut Liege Area square miles Population I Provinces 1,093 1,268 1,249 1,158 1,437 1,117 Area square miles Population 968,677 1,469,677 874,135 1,120,335 1,232,867 888,341 Limbourg . . . Luxembourg , Namur Total Principal cities with population in 1912: 931 1,706 1,414 11.373 275.601 231.215 362.846 7,423.784 Brussels. 663,647 Antwerp (Anvers) Liege Ghent (Gand) Malines (Mechlin) Verviers Bruges Louvain Seraing 312,884 170,634 167,477 59,735 45,964 53,635 42,482 41.833 Tournai. . . . Courtrai . . . . Namur Ostend St. Nicholas Aloet 37,349 3'i,029 32,453 43,002 35,128 rfc.^«^-; 27,805 Charleroi . 29,452 Commerce Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Belgium for 11 years: Year ended Jtme 30 Exports Domestic Foreign Total Imports Free Dutiable Total 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 $44,246,404 40,234,674 44,214,231 50.258,463 65,323.465 59,506,535 20,581,789 21.848,114 37,098,914 94,328,804 Per cent free Excess of Exports (♦) or imports (-) $846,599 881,911 802,391 1,129,155 1,521,997 1.713,359 80,526 " *2'69,683 1,061,891 $45,093,003 41,116,585 45,016,622 51,387,618 66,845,462 61,219,894 20,662,315 21,848,114 37,367,997 95,390,695 322,940,837 $8,766,536 15,787,389 13,959,789 19,599,393 17,381,219 19,711,115 4,390,095 220,324 90,874 5 $18,627,382 24,271,892 23,124,954 22,078,025 24,.=159,795 21,324,417 5,832,765 1,258,255 938,387 80,048 Trade of Belgium for the first seven months of 1919: $27,393,918 32.00 40,059,281 39.41 37,o84.743 37.64 41.677,418 47.03 41.941,014 41.44 41,035,532 48.03 10,222,860 42.94 1,478.579 14.90 1.029,261 8.82 80,a'i3 647,860 $♦17,699,085 ♦ 1,057,304 ♦ 7.931,879 ♦ 9,710,200 ♦24,904.448 ♦20.184.362 ♦10.439.455 +20.369,535 ♦36.338.736 ♦95.310.642 ♦322.292.971 Articles Imports Live animals . . Foodstuffs. . . . Raw material . Manufacturers. Total . , . . . Total trade. Ex PORTS $ 11.260,393 134.487,611 101.902.649 178,197.479 $425,848,1.32 $ 147.838 29,784.918 60,755.242 23,341,034 $114,029,032 $539,877,163 BELGIUM 231 Value of the total foreign trade of Belgium for 4 years: Year 1911. 1912. $876,447,151 963,836,988 Note:— ©First six months. I $696,019,967 768,167,430 1913... 1914 ® $891,056,700 447,732,360 $695,334,780 360,412,740 desti!rrj:t:;L^^«'"- '''^'' '^'--"^^ "^ ^'^^^'^ --'"- of on^ and Imports from 1911 1912 France United States Great Britain and Ireland Netherlands Germany British India Russia Roumania Argentine ELepublic Exports TO 1911 1912 $142,563,503 65,894,639 84,190,460 57,555.881 116,261.849 51,650,102 61,399,348 47,331.127 52,559,304 $175,257,264 79,868,997 97,589,678 68,818,589 135,702,160 48,163,343 52,559,111 38,785,666 58,966,132 $134,155,265 21,998,526 86,150,091 68,002,778 185.150.883 7,648,631 12,912,472 4,686,619 16,056,573 $145,196,602 28,009,704 114,762,625 70,946.607 194.441,517 7, 8795,077 16.114,728 3,429,803 17.883.573 Principal articles of import and export (special commerce) for two years: Imports Wool Wheat. . Cotton. . . Raw hides Coal l^^J^ 26,836,071 i^A^Dber | 25,988,222 21,021,560 28.111.608 $82,725,397 77,567,279 40,901,911 34,704.874 28,642,937 Flax. Seeds Building wood . . Coffee Chemical products 23,753,282 16,725,959 23,269,624 $79,168,214 75,884,898 40,611,060 36,507,008 31,257.701 21,312.025 28,038,355 19,429,889 33,335,925 24,029,465 17,916.190 27,347,328 Wool Flax Flax yaruB ... Zinc Raw hides .... Railway and cars Rubber Iron (hammered rolled) and steel Wheat Coal ; ; ; ; Cotton tramway and $76,428,193 27,092,375 25,286,474 23,163,281 23,108.276 23,125,453 21,219,385 50,594,757 18,067,116 17,815.637 15,185,017 $67,645,921 25.634.839 22,079,586 18,045,307 21.690,112 18,312,612 21.085,057 48,503,795 14,1] 2,739 17,412.460 16,279,164 Production and Industry Agriculture: 0! the total area of 727,560 acres, 428,834 were under cultivation in IQl^ tk principal crops were wheat, 398,735 acres, 450,184 tons; barley 85 0S9 1? <,, If ' ^^ oats, 12,353,477 acres, 779,625 tons; rye 648 727 acres Sgofif; ^' *^'*^ *<""'• acres 3,200,^2 tons; su^r beet, 131,^7 ^^^l^ZX; ^"'^1^871'''''' 7,«)9tons. nax u. an important crop in the district drained by the Lv» rf '^"^ 128 809 acres of forest land, and 47,039 acres of uncultivat^ uLd tZ ^ T" holdings are about 2>^ acres. w™rea land. The average farm Livestock in 1913 included 267,159 horses, 1,412,290 pies 1 840 ion „ .^i ^ . percent of the population is engaged in agriculture TI^^^^^eT^h "^"^ *" eatnnated at 1135,100,000. Horeebreeding is practised e^^yjf'^ ILXTZ^ '4 232 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS rich plains bordering the Scheldt (Escaut) and its affluents, and various crops are likewise raised there. The Campine, the northwest portion of the country, embracing the provinces of Ant- werp and Limbourg, had, before the war, become the center of the dairy industry Rabbit raismg waa extensively practised in the provinces of Flanders, and many were exported annually, prmcipally to England. There were 6,055 acres devoted to orchards Near Ghent 300 acres were devoted to the growing of flowers principaUy for export The growmg of flowers for the cut flower markets of the cities was also an extensive industry in the environs of Brussels and Antwerp. Manufactures: The following table shows the principal industries of Belgium, and the number of persons employed in each industry before the war, and indicates the general importance of the plants as measured by the horsepower used: Industries Total number of persons occupied (a) Total number laborers working in shops Total number laborers working at home Mines Quarries ' Iron works Bricks, pottery Glass making " , Chemical plants ] . Food products Textiles r '.'.'.'.'.'. Clothing ..'.'. Building trades .'. . Woodland furniture \ , Hides and leather \ , Tobacco '//' Paper Printing Art v.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Miscellaneous industries \ . Transportation, exclusive of State railwaj^. Total 128,313 38.969 134,333 7.774 22.797 20.715 90.443 169.778 137,966 93.577 88.457 57.702 12,034 9.448 14.W9 9,611 24.435 41,873 1,102.274 121.993 35.102 98.955 7.083 21.699 17,622 57,359 81,103 37.210 62.607 39.726 17.590 9.731 8.370 10.706 6.502 13.658 16.9.59 663,975 530 7,675 11 48 2 76,757 13,657 "2,364 12.410 445 165 '267 4.409 118.620 Total horsepower of steam, gas, and paraffin motors 134,415 20,302 75.600 3.111 12.781 15.279 64,590 67,481 848 5,775 7,428 3,087 478 10.759 1.336 1,233 8.642 195.110 628,255 Note: (a) Comprises, principals, employes and laborers. ~ ' ~ Mines and Metals: Pig iron production for 4 years, in tons: 1913, 2,723,600; 1914, 1,599 840- 1915 74,965; 1916, 140,607. Steel production for 4 years, in tons: 1913, 2,713 293 (includine 68,035 of steel castings); 1914, 1,496,000; 1915, 121,198; 1916, 151,250. There were 60 blast furnaces m 1914, of which, on August 1 of that year, 49 were in operation In Nov- ember, 1918, there were only 6 left. In 1911 there were working 46 furnaces out of 49 consummg 2,404,600 tons of coke, and 5,986,805 tons of ore of which 60,214 tons wer^ nu^edin Belgium, 3,812,690 were imported from France, 1,580,261 from Luxemburg and 266,514 from Germany. The output was 2,250,908 tons. In 1913 there were 30 steel manufacturing plants with 25 open hearth furnaces and 76 Bessemer converters and mills with a production of over 2,500,000 tons; there were also 119 puddUng furnaces with a production of 300,000 tons. In the production of iron there were, in 1913, 19 plants and producmg 2,500,000 tons of pig iron chiefly for steel works. The zinc deposits of Bel'gium have been exhausted for some years, but in 1911 Belgium was the third nation of the world in pomt of refined zmc output. There were at Li^ge in 1911, 13 plants employing 8 000 workers, possessmg 41,900 crucibles, producing 218,053 tons, valued at $23 932 000 ' In BELGIUM 233 valued in that year at $60 794 22S tk. '^r'r";^^'' e'^^rts of their products being tools etc valued It «3fi^TO«7; u ^["""'P^^ ^"^^^ in that year were machines, tools, etc., valued at $36,372,587; fabncated metab (tubes, nails, etc ) valued at $18 194,496, and bicycles, automobiles and accessories, valued at $5 7207 J f t other important products were tram ^r, ^„/Vj ,• , *5''^20,134. Among the works in Li^ge ^nd HaLXin^nTInT Z"^ '""-Su"" '"^'"' '"''« " locomotive plants, employing SMwTi^ and afsfioT™ ^^'"^ ^''^ ^' ^' '^""« «> glass and pottery in 1912. ' ''°"«P°'^«' ^'^^'^'i '" the manufacture of Textiles: iqtiTk* '*'^"« '"'^'^tries center at Ghent (cotton and flax) and Verviers fwool^ Tn 121,174 twist spii^dS.!!^ «pmcUe8, of which 27 (826,913 thread spindli .Pindles, 232,rts:tinS ^Ire focr?':^:;^ ^it' "'''' T''" '"^ accomplished flQin «f fii n.foKr r^*'"'/^^*^^ elsewhere. The weaving of cotton was 57estaEeKre in'\h f^r^^^^^^ ^'^^,^^7 '"' *'^ '''"^^^''' There were also, in 1911 about 3 Z^o^L t' ^ "" ^"^''^°*' ^ •" ^^' ^^<""«' ""» "^e number This W^^r ca^JoSh: ['"• ''-'*' ""'^*"' "' "''°'° '•««' ^ ">-Wn-- employed (llu) l.^worlers and sIZTT °' ^T'*"- '^' '^'^'^ "^ J-"* employed (1911) i ^ J"„„ ' f°«. but of the 900,000 men engaged cultivatmg the soU, only about 80.000 are land laborers. The majority of these ifS I H 238 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS owners hold from one to six acres each, less than 1 percent having estates larger than 100 acres. It is^timated that there are now about 11,000,000 acres of cultivated land. The following 18 the acreage and production of 1916-1917 harvest: Crop Wheat Rye Barley Oats Tobacco Acres Tons 2,459,245 492,122 723.350 333.715 There were also 1,268,122 acres under corn. 1,144,770 237,215 352,990 117,700 38.500 1 anhc.1^}^ ^^l livestock in Bulgaria consisted of 8,669,260 sheep, 1,464,719 goats 1,606 363 head of cattle, 478,222 hor.es, 110,488 asses, 12,238 mules and 527,311 pir Fruit ^ows m abundance, especially in the neighborhood of Kustendil, Trojan, Kula Kotchane Knva Palanka in which regions 55,000,000 pounds of plums, and 13,^,00(i pounds of apples were gathered m 1917. Grapes of fine quality flourished, and ^achT thaT'efr^' '^''''''^' hazebuts and chestnuts were produced in plenty during Acreage under principal fruit crops for 3 years. Pears. Cherries. Apricots, Peaches 6.612 7,895 9,105 Total Acreage 17,552 20.318 24.390 Pass fn fhiTr f'«"'"";.«'«« Valley" near Kazanlik, at the southern end of Shipka Pass m the Balkan Mountains, and extending over a district 80 miles long and 30 miles wide, with an average height of 1,300 feet above sea level, more than 20,000 acres of rose gardens are m cultivation for the distillation of essence, known as attar of roses The annual harvest .s 35 000,000 to 45,000,000 pounds, or about 8,000,000 roses. A one acre garden under favorable conditions, produces 2,000 to 2,500 pounds of roses, from which ^ J,f ^"°f r^ *". ''"""'^- '^''^^ ^*"« "^""t 200 roses to a pound, 180 to 200 pounds of roses usually produce one ounce of attar; and the total production averages ^d ^w Yor": ' "" "^'*'^' *'"' "'""'^•^ '^^''^ "^"K P-^™' Lo^'o" „. i.L''l'°^f "' "^""^ "^ ^"'«*"'' "^ '"8*'y "^developed. The coal mines at Pernik, ♦h. t J'^J government (output in 1916, 610,000 tons), and the stone quarries are found *^°°'™'y ''°'^'^- ^f""' 8°'''' «°PW silver, manganese and lead are likewise cord'^^'T\^''^'^^f'^ are woolen and cotton goods, cigarettes, rugs, rope and cord. There are 388 industnal establishments encouraged by the state Railroads: Total mileage, 1916, 1,675 state owned, and 149 owned by private companies. Telegraphs and Telephones; Post Offices: Offices number 436; mileage of line 3,692; of wire 11,627. There were in 1914, 57 !^T4 070 R^'^r ^•^t't'f °^ "'"' '"'^ "'^^ ™'«' °f ^''«- Converaations numU ed 14,070,876. There were 2,515 post offices in 1914. Honey, Weights and Measures: .„ J^" ""^K^ currency is the lev (plural leva) with the par value of a franc, $0,193 U. S. currency. There arc gold coins of 100, 20 and 10 levas and silver coins of 5, 2, 1 and >A levand nickel corns of 20, 10, 5 and 2>^ stotink (centimes). The National B^nk issues The metric system of weights and measures is in general use. Language: French is ordinarily employed in commercial correspondence. BULGARIA . 239 Consular Representatives: ' ' The United States has a minister onv^rm^ R..i • t. Consul General at Sofia. coxenng Bulgaria, Rumania, and Serbia and a Bulgaria has a Consul General in New York Shippmg Routes: Furnoss-Prince Line A. H. Bull & Co. ■ .\mprican-Mcditorranean-UvantLinD Customs Tariff: ttar'^R^rg^.iXr ''^ ^"' ""^'^ - '^^^ a'JsLr rum'^^rd"^' th^TaSr" ment'^iSlLtrnrfo'^tl'iJ^rr^f arliZ™!*,""^* ''%-?"-d ''- the Depart materials. P°" °' articles not enumerated in the list of necessary Mail Time: Ten days from New York Citv Parcels Post: i^gisSSd." *'''*°'^ *° ^""^"«- I--" o^ weight, 22 pounds. Parcels may not ba Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. CYPRUS and ^'mSi^^n^: cott'ofs^a''1tT5^V'' '""^?, '^°'"„"'« "^^^ <>! Asia Minor including military popuktion iTI^ l>rin.^„.T"'*°"'?fi. Population 1911, 274,108 capital), 16,052; taraaca, 2,262; LinSol 10 3(W?k^™' 7'^^ population: Nicosia the and Ktema, 3,435; Kyr^nii, 1,726 ' ' ' ^»"'»8"«ta and Varoshia, 5,327; Paphos Commerce .ra,le "wi^'l^^^'llt cllffil^"'''" TT""'' ''"^^ '"* ^^P™^ ^ -«'"ded under S62.,676, and impor^^at ,14"' "'""^ """"« ^"^ ^«'^'"'- ^^ '''' -- valued at Imports and exports during five years: Merchandise 1912 1913 Imports . Exports. 1914 $2,927,396 3,542,881 1915 $3,009,977 3.016.072 1916 $2,414,175 2.414.331 $2,857,772 3,161.381 $4,702,410 3,443,047 »860^^f otroif; $77,930"fi^e' flS^^^^^^^Tf^' "•>-'• «196.679; flour." cotton yarn, threa:d and p ece ioods $554 ^fifi^^^^ «134,466; petroleum $158,936 •lashery and millinerv «fifi4?i- if.*!? ' 51' .V' woolen manufactures, $117,509- hiber! S389^if ' '^^^^^^''^^^^^^^^^ «244 «18;^aTs9t7lo. M89,601; cotton, $114,696- silk mpnnn»«1?7iQn\.^Ao^^' oarobs, $891,625; wine pomegranates, »81,73d,Tm?ns and oS^lfs '$87 96r ' ^'^'^' *''''"' ^""^ ''^"^' ^'^^i bush'elfin m^j'^) *barfev"Tqii^'fi9^f'^'i! f^ 'P""«P*' "^ops being wheat (1 524 484 b«f hels) Cro^''4ch a4' pSed in Ce LanHtl**^'"'' ''"'''4' vetche^'S';!!^ raisins, linseed, beans, silk, cK wool hSl? .$ '^ "'''' grapes, oUves, cotton, f^uit, telegraph lin^'""^ ""'''*'' ^^- ^^""^ ""^ ^46 miles of carriage roads, and 246 mUes of ^^^^^=^S^'^'^^ LteuSrLf^Ta^e"" -"- '^' 1 Cyprus Pic = % yard Jg^« =t.81bs. IKfle =9 6,galIons jM 240 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS CZECHO-SLOVAKIA (See Map, Page 332) The repubUc of Czecho-Slovakia was formed, as a result of the great war, of former Austrian territory. It comprises the former provinces of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia and that part of Hungary known as Slovakia. Its capital is Prague, which is a city a^ large as San Francisco. The principal industries of Czecho-Slovakia are agriculture, mining and manufacturmg The principal agricultural crops are rye, sugar beet, potatoes, oats, barley and wheat The prmcipal mineral products of the country are coal and iron. In 1913 over 80 per cent of the coal and lignite mined in the former Austrian territories was produced in Czecho^ biovakia, and Czecho-Slovakia also produced over 30 per cent, of the iron, which was formerly produced in Austria. Of the manufacturing industries iron and steel foundries the manufacture of beet sugar, glass, earthenware and textiles are specially important' Czecho-Slovakia includes the principal manufacturing district of the former Austro- Hunganan Empire. The railway system is very extensive and connects with those of Germany, Austria Poland and Hungary. Czecho-Slovakia has no harbor, and most of the trade passes through the port of Hamburg. •o. oT^® per capita imports of Czecho-Slovakia for the year 1912 may be estimated at ♦t54.81 and the per capita exports at $40.18. Area and Population Area and population of Czecho-Slovakia (excluding Slovakia for which details are not available) : Province Square miles Pop. per square mile Population 1910 Bohemia. . . . Moravia. . . . Silesia Total 20.065 8,584 1.998 30.647 337 305 381 6,769.548 2.622.271 756,949 10.148.768 Principal cities of Czecho-Slovakia with their population in 1910: Cities Population Bohemia: PU^® Konigliciie'Weinberge". \ Ziskow Smichow \ Budweis Aussig Moravia: Bnmn Mahrisch Ostrau Prossnits Tcrlaii ■ is'*"* ..• Witkowiti uimuts Prerau ' Cl>« . ••• , Silesia : Troppau 223.741 80.343 77,120 72,173 51,791 44.538 39.301 125.737 36.754 31.642 25.914 23.151 22.245 20,669 30.672 CZECHO-SLOVAKIA 241 Commerce Prior to 1920 United States statistics of foreign trade included trade with Czecho- slovakia in trade with Austria-Hungary. See page 220. ^zecno- Foreign trade of Czecho-Slovakia for the first four months of 1919: Imports Austria Germany United States. . . Other Ck)untrie8. Total , $7,831,250 3,327,544 229,804 10.889,766 Exports 122,278.364 «17.956.5S8 8.039,994 28,544 8.479.145 $29,504,271 Tm/f ''!?^ ^^\ P"^^*" ^"^ ^*^°^**^ ^^ Czecho-Slovakian foreign trade year 1912, based upon the trade of the former Kingdom of Austria in thafyear: in the Articles Imports — From Foreign Countries Hungary Exports — To Foreign Countries Colonial products Spices .'....".' Southern fruits !..... Sugar .*.*,'... Tobacco and manufactures oif. Breadstuffs, malt and legumes . Fruits, vegetables and plants Livestock Other animals .'!!.*.'.'!. Animal products ' , * * Fats and greases Fatty oils \ Beverages Comestibles '. Hungary $7,649,540 511,910 3,350,135 Wood, coal, peat and coke: Totals Wood. Coal . . Peat. . Coke. 3,242,925 8.355,635 12.510,555 2,253,300 809,100 15,000,525 3,280,910 919,450 798.395 2.700,485 $38,340 59,995 20,235 21,408,450 Materials for t urning and carving . Minerals: Totals Iron ore . . . China clay. 3,020,325 40,950 15,970,500 2,376,675 1,209,485 42,333,395 3,144,235 16,454,700 1,790,800 3,334,515 2,740,955 552,380 5,714.790 2,608,185 3.323.250 3.026.625 2,053,575 Medicinal wares and perfumery i^eing and tanning materials.. uums and resins . Mineral oils.... Cotton and m anufactures of: Totals. Raw and waste. Yarn Fabrics " ' " 1,912,575 141,000 2,947,875 359,625 5,775 9,975 $1,775 2,485 287,905 32,664.324 767,025 8,675.200 8,852,990 2.131.500 719,400 17,764,200 1.8^5.100 3,116,400 1,556.100 29.043.454 $1,217,295 145.550 422,059 2,749,845 1.050 1.045.600 1.373,850 243,000 130,800 1.247,400 1,056,300 11,499,360 13,341,624 2,089,470 2,113,000 3,323.250 5.063.625 8.901.465 120.225 1,111.950 1,111,950 541,020 1.363,425 2.717,400 360,575 347,025 131.300 131,300 1,173.600 652,616 3.942,249 3,133,000 98,175 ^'ff**We fibres and manufactures of : |iax toV^d\" te_"'*^*^'' °'-- Totals. Hemp tow and waste .... Jute tow and waste .\, iinen yam . ■rabncs. Jutesaeks:::::::::::::-- y**<>**Pd manufactures of: Totals: Wool Woolen yarn.ii jVoolen fabrics . 59,755,500 45.9.34,500 5,373,000 8,448,000 12,494,250 7,372,500 940,500 3,222,000 959,250 ® 37,877,000 9,585 276,675 23,625 746,025 5,039,250 177,750 1,411.500 3.450,000 61.425 402,150 939.225 26.587,500 672,000 56,250 474,000 8,250 133,500 4,492.500 Note.— ^_Not separately recorded. 23,135.000 8.592.000 6.150.000 1.836.750 79.500 2.576.2501 2,248,500 3,282,000 21,057,000 118.650 140.275 490.350 42.265.500 9.941,250 752,250 183.000 ® 3,390.750 5,208,750 406,500 14,943,750 2,729,250 1,976,250 10.238,250 396,000 4,551,750 37,317,750 7,711.500 42.000 14.250 ® 819.750 4.884.750 1.950.750 22,289.250 298.500 1.119.750 20,871.000 Continued on Page 242 i ! » I i 242 Table Continued: EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Aitioles Imports Foreign Countries Hungary Ex PORTS Foreign Countries Silk and manufactures of: Totals. Silk, raw, dyed, yarn and twist. Silk fabrics Semi silken fabrics Made up articles Brush and sieve makers' wares. . . Wares of straw, cane, etc Paper and paper wares India rubber Oil cloth and manufactures of . . . . Leather and manufactures of Furriers' wares. ' Wooden wares Stone 17,138,250 Iron and manufactures of: . Totals. Pig iron. Blooms, billets and bars Sheets and plate Wire '.'.'.'.'.'.'.. Iron wares ][[ Other metals and manufactures of . 9,596,250 5.444.250 2.097.750 1.694.770 149.175 1,086,300 3,182.400 5,762.925 149,600 8,896.125 2.196.825 2,669.000 911,625 Hungary 474.750 11.734,175 Machinery o ther than electrical: Totals. Steam engines and turbines Agricultural implements Textile machinery Electrical machinery and apparatus. . Automobiles and motorcycfes Jewelry 4,458,300 1,14.3.875 710.325 212.625 5,209,050 17,026,800 196,500 153,750 124.500 547.410 289,000 93.925 892,075 247,800 365,925 2.892,750 96,475 1.403.775 127,500 5,097,000 2,285,325 5,287.445 Instruments, clocks, watches : Totals . Typewriters, calculating machines . Musical instruments Watches . . . . Chemical substances and products. . '. Colors, dyes, varnishes: Totals. 160,125 1,815,.320 3,312.000 2,887.875 1,382.525 2,049,775 67.725 419.475 524.475 5,250 1,268.400 995.400 1.623.7.50 2.095.500 1.377.750 10.701,600 27,200 537.600 5,866.875 2.003.925 218,925 7,950.600 1.178,100 8.919.225 992,775 7,078,500 10,931,005 255,685 2,126,275 597,125 448.375 1,080,775 7,068.075 Varnishes Dyes.K Soap, candles, etc. Total. 2,002,350 46,725 193,960 15.000 419.476 53,975 141,100 511,875 1,068,375 748,115 246,750 8.355,890 10,139,325 343,500 3.458,250 3,276,750 12,755,400 206,850 184.275 4.311.300 1.286,250 432,075 11.500.125 333,375 4,350,675 961,275 12,927,470 2.345.700 96.175 21.150 22.000 53,025 1.924.025 683.025 1.440,075 222.600 1.522.500 873.530 682,500 1,339,800 1,794,975 883,445 503,475 8.405.775 4,894,575 2,499,525 694,625 240.975 1.761,375 154,700 J244.757.725 113,725 111,300 2.425 94.350 30.500 637,875 26,250 4,414,725 347.025 2,010.7.50 141.750 2,031,225 457,800 2,134,026 1.348,200 296,455 82,315 213.140 219.300 224.700 750.750 372.750 2,802,450 765.350 681,450 83.900 1.108,400 S109.527.715l <233.380.973l fl74 4aiQi.s J^ote — ®Not separately recorded Agriculture: Production and Industry The Czechoslovak states have developed greatly in agriculture. They produced 76 per cent, of the hops produced in Austria, 61 per cent, of the flax fib,^ and 91^ cent of the sugar beet. « ^i per ceni. oi Acreage of principal crops by provinces in 1911 : Wheat. . Rye. . . . Barley. . Oats Corn Potatoes Total 670,487 1,348,682 702,242 1.214,870 360 797,880 .6,042,691 I 2.615..'>.';i 268,967 546,777 496,825 492,155 27,056 376,850 867,388 2,025,514 1.316,302 1,707,025 27,416 1,266,200 7.772.071 CZECHOSLOVAKIA 243 Produce of principal crops by provinces in the same year: Province Wheat Tons Rye Tons Barley Tons Oats Tons Maize Tons Bohemia. . . Moravia. . . Silesia Total . . . Buck- wheat Tons Legumes Tons 458.598 196.844 15,410 670,852 1.033,028 347,587 74,569 1.455.184 731,959 416,635 38,173 1.186,767 810,857 261,999 84,777 1.157,633 Potatoes Tons Sugar Beets Tons 618 19,468 20,086 34 1,050 222 1,306 43,243 30,715 4,749 78,707 2,111,433 1.344,574 283,437 3,739.444 2.647.459 2,072,197 42.743 4.762,399 follo^:'^ *''' '"'" ''*^'^*^ '""^ " Czechoslovakia. These were distributed as Size of holdings Number of holdings. . , Area (in acres) Number of animals reported in the livestock census of 1910: Animals Bohe mia Moravia Silesia Horses .... Cattle Sheep Swine Total Total 250,428 2,290,587 152.998 1.012,798 3,706,811 140,970 801,178 24,117 633,538 1,599,803 31,769 196,526 5,748 144,209 378,252 423.167 3.288,291 182,863 1.790,545 5,684,866 Forestry: In 1910 the forests of Bohemia yielded 4,215,532 cubic yards of timber and 2 ono «fii cub,c yards of firewood; those of Moravia 1,907,525 cubic yards of timber and I'^TA The forests of Czecho-Slovakia were distributed a^ follows in 1911 (in acres): State forests Forests under State Ad- ministra- tion Com mercial forests Bohemia. Moravia. Silesia . . . Districts forests 14.196 Other State forests Forests belonging to churches Forests belonging to Asso- ciations 23,805 1.870 419,390 108,145 747 152 30,900 21,870 32 Property in trust 156,685 145,437 80,730 35,477 32,037 5,157 1.266,327 340,562 118,282 Other private forests 1,898,667 908,627 224,022 ^lariufaclures: Manufactures are highly developed, especiaUy the steel industry and thp ...o. f . ^»A<5, 8,918 factories in Czecho-Slovakia, or 52 5 oer cent of ih^ +^f«i u ., Austrian territoiy. The Czechoslovak terriLrii p^l^L^t^t Z lU r^'^T vji laciones. ii^arthenware and chma are important industrifts Of *k« * ^ , ^^ iV r" " '°™" ^"^'^^^ "^"'"^'y' ■" were'locat^l^^^hX tl tL ' were m the country in 1913, 691 breweries and 350 distilleries. """-^'o^akia. There 244 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS o Eh QQ o O >, .0 II . o ii ^1 o >, . o ►Oft o I a oc o •-£ o_ 05_ to X t«. es « «c «^ C5_ »o 'If c» ^ 1-1 CO «o «o i_ . 1^ CO ^ «W«0»MCO 00 ^ i-l CDMt«C4Cia>M<-i.co vH coo © «o S 2' «o o CON esf COQQXM MOO CO CO 00 ;si 00 8 C0«O O 1-1 »OM5 fit* ^H CI C4 e>4 CD r« OS r^ toos 1^ C40)f-iC1 O QNCOi-»^.-iC« 00 ® "♦M eo OS CO OS s CO coxcor^c^xopo«o C4 00 v^ ^^ 1-1 >o «ox eooot>;0»oo »oe5 cooTioarVoo i-TtC O >0 ^ OS 00 OS >C ^ i-tC0>-t«O«X0St^ os^^co eo^^i-^t^ ^2 w 00 CO ^»Ci-iC0COX'*'*^^i-io6co»-<«o^«3ci C4kOC<0 rHt* t-I 1-4' OS CO •-• M CO «^ 1-1 OS s CO -ix-^o «p co^okSSi? •■I CO •-• I-l co^*c^o:»cxt^t>.XOcct>-;c^Me«as53 X ci" OS Nt*i-iCOt*l^ OS C4lOi-i>-i coco i-HC4b> f-ilO«-« $ 52rJM2«c®'«4!»ococoosoicou5osoo O OOSOSCO NiCiONi-iXOimoJh OS CO M ««o cJnSs ^as 00 coco Pt iq CO CO a at bO S et V Ii et a « 00 .s . go 3 et et ft '3 .2 2 S:2 3 S S : g ^ g"-: : « 2 0) 0B^"O.O^" •rsc*j«oo*:ti fc2o»etO^*'< Ml si fto" 5« ^ CZECHOSLOVAKIA 245 Mining : Czecho-Slovakia is rich in coal and lignite min^ and in iron. It mined in 1913 86.7 per cent, of the coal produced in the former Austrian territories, 84.1 per cent, of the lignite, 32.5 per cent, of the iron, 100 per cent, of the gold, silver, tin, wolfram, uranium preparations, sulphate of iron, and coke, 98.4 per cent, of coal briquets and 65.1 per cent, of the graphite. Number of mining establishments in the provinces now comprising Czecho-Slovakia in 1912, their production in tons and the value of that production in dollars: Bohemia Moravia SUesia • No. Production Tons Value No. Production Tons Value No. Production Tons Value Coal 61 117 14 1 1 1 3 • • • A 2,645.584 13,031,585 538,298 19,840 134 1,122 23 785 6,678 14,768 $8,828,271 203,946 2,166,738 126,974 4,946 31.828 4.032 1.461 55.661 1.041.487 16 7 1 1.228,575 140,055 1,920 $4,212,738 186,045 3.072 29 1 1 • • • 1 3 • • ■ • • • 3,847,189 779 162 io 4i lignite $12,602,401 Iron Ore 1,236 Gold Ore Lead Ore Zinc Ore 312 Tin Ore Sulphur m 60 242 Silver 3 7 • • • 6,306 iib,i8i • • • • • • The following table shows the number of persons employed in the mining industry: Bohemia Moravia Silesia Total Coel Lignite Iron Other metals Total . . . 22.676 35,899 1362 3,925 64.362 12,167 645 32 350 13,194 32.315 3 13 5 32.336 67,158 36,547 2.907 5.280 110.892 Railways, Roads, Waterways: Mileage of railways 1913, 5,951; of roads, 32,623; of waterways, 889. Telegraphs and Telephone: MUeage of lines, 1915, 7,929; of wire, 27,528. There is adequate telephone service to which large additions are under way. Money, Weights and Measures: The notes of the Austro-Hungarian bank (stamped) are still in circulation. A gold reeerve is being built up by the government, and when the affairs of the Austro-Hungarian bank have been Uqiydated a national gold standard currency is to be estabUshed, the unit bemg the sokol, with the par value of a franc (0.193 U. S. Currency). Languages: German is ordinarily employed for commercial correspondence. Consular Representatives: There is a consul general for Czecho-Slovakia stationed in New York City. The United States has a consul at Prague. Shipping Routes: Shipments to Czecho-Slovakia are usually made via Hamburg, and may also be made ▼la Italian ports. I IK Ml U 246 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS^ Customs Tariff: raw iLXil""' C^ho^iovaida a« /or the ti.e being restricted to foodstuft and of packages, boxes or cases, marks, nurabe^L wlh n 1°™' '''"°« '""°'«'' i^^:SSttriroT:-Srrrf---^^^^^^^ ^ For the importar^'oTn^Suri'-^^r:^"^^"; "*t.^ ".-^ '^•«'- obtain a special permit from the Ministry of^mmel ^^e ' " " """^ '^ Cable Rates: From New York or New England states, $0.32 per word Postal Rates : Postal Union rates. • •"•^^ per word. Mail Time: Ten days from New York City Parcels Post: Service extends to Czecho^lovakik. Limit of weight, H pounds Money Orders: Not issued. pounos. International Reply Coupons: Not issued. DENMARK 247 DENMARK Denmark, the smallest country in northern Europe, occupies a peninsula north of Germany, and numerous adjacent island,. In area it is somewhat larger than the com- bined states of Delaware and Mar>-land. Th e principal city and capital is Copenhagen, which is about as large as Cincinnati, The principal in- dustry of Denmark is agriculture, which is largely carried on by small farmers, most of whom own their own proper- ties. About three- quarters of the land of the country is agricultural land, the principal crops being oats, barley, rye, wheat and sugar root. For the past half century dairy farming has been extensively devel- oped in Denmark, and as a result of the apphcation of scientific methods and the use of mod- em equipment the dairy products of the country form a large part of its ex- ports. The mineral products of Den- mark are unimport- ant with the exception of clay, which supphes the requirements of an important pottery and porcelain in- * dustry. The prin- cipal manufacturing industries, other than the manufac- ture of porcelain and pottery, are the shipbuilding and engine construction plants, manufacture 248 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS of woolen and cotton textUes, sugar refineries, paper miUs, and breweries. The railway mileage of Denmark is extensive in relation to the area of the country Two hnes entenng the country from Schleswig cross the German boundary. One of the* Unes runs eastward via Fredericia, through Odense, across the island of Fflnen, and vt steam femes across the straits from Nyborg to Korsor and then to Copenhagen. A second fat^ t^T "T^da^ foUows the west coast of Jutland and has brashes extend The per capita imports of Denmark in 1914 amounted to $73.04. The per caoita exports of Denmark in the same year amounted to $79.63. Area and Population -^^ ^^ population of Denmark, according to the census of 1916: Divisions Area Square Miles Population 1916 City of Copenhagen (Kjobenhavn) without suburbs isianos in the Baltic Peninsula of Jutland. . . V. Faeroe Islands ••• •• Total 506,390 1,161,163 1,253,809 19,617 2.940,979 The principal cities are Copenhagen (Kjobenhavn), the capital, which with its suburbs had a population of 605,772 in 1916; Aarhuus, 65,858; Odense, 45,303; Aalborg, p^pu" 38,102; Horsens, population 25,149; Randers, population, 24,428. Commerce Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Denmark for eleven years: Year Ended June 30 Exports Domestic Foreign Total 1909.. 1910.. 1911.. 1912.., 1913... 1914... 1915... 1916... 1917... 1918... 1919... $17,465,402 13,579,127 13,126.273 15,686,022 18.560,579 15.586.235 74,280.658 5,224,037 55,608,145 4.374,616 Imports Free Dutaible Total $56,711 65,776 70.677 81.326 127.215 83.900 5,543,820 3,631,275 1,130,345 594,926 $17,522,113 13,644.903 13.196.950 15,767.348 18,687,794 15,670,135 79.824,478 55,872,312 56,738.490 4,969,.542 93,167,530 Per Cent. Free Excess of Exports (♦) or Imports (-) $1,249,172 1,649,021 1,165,690 2,140.789 2,290,786 2,586,068 2,001,627 2,560.308 893.488 632,870 $376,236 549,313 546,910 691.288 683,884 683,667 1,159.072 2,560,308 893,488 632.870 $1,625,408 76.85 2.198.334 75.01 1,712,600 68.07 2,832,077 75.59 2,974,670 77.01 3.269,735 79.10 3,160,699 63.33 3,421,921 74.82 1.595,417 56.00 1,022,397 61.92 2.294,048 ....... ♦$15,896,705 ♦11.446,569 ♦11,484.3.50 ♦12.935,271 ♦15,713.124 ♦12.400,400 ♦76,663,779 ♦52,450,391 ♦55,143.073 ♦3,947.145 ♦90,873,482 Value of foreign trade (imports and general exports, excluding gold and silver) during BIX years . Impobts Exports 1909. 1910. 1911. $195,759,987 171,290.214 187,134.300 Imports $193,341,871 148,174,596 167,762.620 Exports 1912. 1913. 1914. $220,275,830 228.920,821 214.727.766 Note: The value of goods transshipped is omitted from 1910 $184,163,615 187,643.088 234,210.417 on. H Pi O a. X •a I GO U3 Oi fH a> CO s. •3 V a 0) O 00 « O K a 6 n 00 g o K 03 a a o s I a •■« O CL, CG eS (a 0) a O I DENMARK CO C4 -NON ■ i-iOoi icooTo •eoeo^ t^ w -.if CM t-'f-^ « co"t>r ososcM>-iooe-i 00 00OCJ;O00»CCt>« CO N M Ci CO o> r>. N "^ 1-1 ftr-iwtr-t C< N^INCOC^NCOCON "300>05t>.CCCOU5iO NC0cO«-<'*C0O5h»cO t- ^ CD »c c^ 05 •^" ec eo I CO CiOiOi'* O0iNC> ■^ ■* •^OOcO-'tQfO'tNOO ^^C0iCOOt»»000 ScoossbJTjToroo'oT QOOJCONCOCOCOOSCO ^ cfco oo'^jco «OSOQO^T«iobioooc< •O 05 CS CO »H 25 N 3 CO £i E* os' "<* -.t o -H* c^" .^ CO00t>-00dOiO5iO'*< l^^OO O «0«-i CO O OS O i-H CO 05 N CO C^'cD O 00OC<3|T}- 'rcO CO'l'iT -H .^ -^ eo O coco COOCS eot>.c>i iccsTco MOO icVod •O'-'CO «0<©0(NW'*cDOC^ t>.^OU3^00COCCt>. <0 CO »C C^ CO » »0 TJ< N OSOOS'-iXCO'-h'tJ^cO "'COOi-OCN| O0000'^'^00OMC« 8(N CO . -i _CO00N OiCM »ot^»o t» OS X ■T co'i-^co •^"^ t>.xr^N»H..j4eoOTti l^^X CO CO h- CO CO OS OS CO I-*' 05 05 0" Nt^r ,-100 QOTf cO-'f O T*< t^ O X CO coo Lffo" 3" eo -o o (N OOSCOXX r ec cT 30 ~"xi-';eoiC'-'0»o«-< •• C40 s XO'^COCOCOC404'^ COC0^t^'-^05^05 ac CD o CO (N X X I-" 'H c^ 1— I K5 i-H oTo oo o .2 a; t o !: * a CO V o •- 249 250 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Distribution of foreign trade by countries of origin and destination: Countries Imports (General) 1913 1914 ExpoRxa (General) 1913 1914 United States Other American countries. Germany United Kingdom . . . . . . " . Sweden Norway . . Russia Holland ..";.'.'.■;;.■.;; Belgium ] France . . . . Danish Colonies. .. . . . $23,310,372 6,976.040 87,9Sr).544 36.0f>2,(jl6 19,055,872 2,346.340 15.922,148 5,683,744 2,753,700 5,610,580 3,634,884 $22,590,256 4.264.952 70,927,004 38,89G,716 22,269,996 4.703,300 10.851.320 6.043.608 2,287.112 4,693,216 3,701,616 $2,104,604 1,779.988 47,890,922 109.992.024 9,134.244 5.172.400 5,165,700 1,104,964 817,936 895,656 2,012,680 $3. 125,14s 1. 102.0 IH 80.781,fi32 115,670,140 10.173.280 6.121,924 3.75,3.6GS 600,5S.s 396,640 1,719,220 2.227.01 t; Production and Industry Area and production of principal crops for two years: Crops Akka (Acres) 1916 1917 Wheat Rye Barley. . . . Oats Mixed grains Potatoes. . . . PROorcTiON (Tons) 1916 153.506 486,882 640,641 1.054,030 462,517 160,401 1917 132,691 441,307 599,lft4 992.512 488,447 144.633 89.721 153,640 298,429 419.882 194.314 377,454 65,481 126,177 218,018 306,061 154,093 486,972 f>,o 1^^ '" Denmark consists for the most part of small holdings rather than larger estates- the law provides for complete control over the land by the tenSt providertS^^^^^^^^^^^ MZ7i^:^T^^ ^^ *^%"^-^ -^^^-^ and^rofitabl bran^^^^^ wrS dS^d^^^^^^^^^^ J- there lunpioying /U7 persons, of which forty-two used mechanical power. The coK.perative movement in agriculture has gained steadily in Denmark. 480(^7TenfaiVl2L7 7pt^ "'"'«' ""?"• ''"'"'''" ""^ "' -"'«' l'«50,623 swine, Fisheries: Drooir ^^-i^l V f ^ 11'""'" t"^ '^'^^^ '""''^ "*'« •'"«''««' '" th* fisheries of Denmark proper. The value of the catch m 1917 was S943,461 (35,159,900 kroner). Manufacturing: constl^ul^r^ '*"T '''^'^"^u"' '^, ?'^^^ "^ "^"^ ^'^^ ^^tensive. Theirproduct constitutes a large portion of the wealth of the country. DENMARK 2ol cens£Syl6T9u"' '"'''^^"^ '" °'"-'"'' ^^'-^'^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^l II. III. IV. ITind Mills and flour mills Bakeries and confectioneries Sugar mills and refineries Chocolate and candy factories Ooffee factories Slaughter and smoke houses.' .' Pickle and preserve factories Uaines and cheese factories Margarine factories Egg preserving factories. Water works Mineral water factories'.* Breweries and malt factories" iJistillenes and yeast factories. lobacco and cigar factories. . . Others Total food industries Wool spinning Cotton spinning Weaving .*....'.."*' Linen and damask weaving. [ Cotton weaving Clothing materials. Carpets, curtains, ribbons Knit goods Rope making, cordage Straw making, and products.* Sails, bags and sacks. . Others Total, textile industries lailonng Men's clothing. Women;s and ch'iidren's 'clothing.* ' ' ' Women s and children's underw-ear ' '. Uothing manufactories. Women's specialty manufactoriM.'.! .' MUhnery and straw hats Furs, etc Gloves Manufactureri'of sW.'ta'n'iii'ng', 'e'tij' Manufactories of shoes. Wooden shoes and slippers ^aundry and bleach works Barbers and coiffeurs. v^thers .... Total, clothing industry. Paving establishments. Mcavation . Drilling enterprises. Masonry Construction" and building Construction of mills Carpentry. ... Cabinet worjt. !!.... Carpentry Furniture factories .'.".'.'.* Chair factories Manufacturers 'of fran^^g 'a'n'd riiM- giadera Sign making, painfin.r ' K'*"©" Upholstery, sadc Btucco factories. &L^^.'?:'„!?ddleTy and whip, Gas and water in^aliation'.'. ". " " OthS?®^ cleaning establishment's Total, building and furniture industry. No. of Factories 23,094 Personnel 5.317 12.431 2.036 1,892 318 9,842 619 8,414 1,209 707 571 783 6,269 895 9,427 2.114 62,844 416 1,194 1,874 127 2.438 2,441 631 5,795 892 151 402 975 17,336 14,264 133 12.124 734 5.341 3,558 817 989 647 7.503 4,496 1,968 7,398 4,392 686 65,050 453 7,550 203 20,913 1,620 400 13,308 1.181 1,033 4,727 2,748 6.625 592 1,902 9,704 4,068 228 362 338 1,203 79,158 1 Using mechanical power (other than wand or water) Horsepower 1,170 1,028 28 30 16 661 18 1,427 42 4 80 48 219 27 69 596 5,463 46 5 45 4 21 33 7 48 54 9 22 21 315 21 4 15 5 27 5 14 1 2 3 494 52 485 12 1,140 42 11 16 29 45 702 6 70 402 207 330 30 77 11 35 1 14 26 2,054 19,777 5.182 8.169 1,175 411 5.976 196 12,867 3.111 7 6,746 141 8,488 2,294 601 6,122 81,263 520 3.539 1,796 148 2,741 3,994 896 816 1,338 96 27 395 16,306 50 4 43 11 44 12 221 1 10 5 1.248 191 1.249 345 3,434 5,483 73 121 286 273 4,428 13 501 2,374 3,226 2,148 704 425 30 198 15 48 98 20.444 (Continued on Page 252) 252 Table Continued: EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Kind V. Sawmills and packing-case factories. Wood products factories Cooperages Wood-turning establishments . . .... Brush factories Basket factories .'.'.'. Cork product factories '.. . Carriage factories Wagon factories Toy factories Total, wood industry . VI. VII. Tanneries Leather factories . Total, leather industry. Grindstone yards Brick yards .................'.'. Limestone, chalk and stone quarries . ! ! . . i . . . . . Cement factories .'.','.. Cement product factories .....*.'.'!!!!!!!!!'..'."', Kaolin treating establishments Faience and porcelain manufactories. ...... Potteries Gross pottery, manufactories of coarse pottery and tiles Glass manufactories !!!!!!!!!!! Others Total, stone, clay, and glass industry . VIII. I Goldsmiths Electroplate and nickel manufactorieB.'. !!.!.!. Copperware manufactories Tinware manufactories '.......'. Manufactories of objects in metal. ......... Galvanised tin factories Farriers !!!.*.... Locksmiths i i i i '!!!!!!!!!!!.*.*!!!! ! Tool factories .'.*!!.*.'!!!!!!.'!.'..'." Pin, needle and wire factories! !!.....*.'. Machinery and shipbuilding (iron) .'.;,*.' Iron foundries and machine factories Construction plants • • • • • Bicycle and sewing machine factories and repair shops Arms and munitions .'.*.'.*.'.*.* Watch and clock factories. .......'...!.!! Musical instrument factories Electro-mechanical manufactories and electric installation Others Total, metal industries. IX. Electric plants Gas plants !.'.'.'.*!!!.*.'!!!! Peat product factories. ...'.* .' .' .' .' .* .' .* .' .* .' ' Match factories !.!!*"" Manufactories of articles in rubber. ..V. . Manufactories of insulation and asphalt . I>yeing and cleaning works Manufactories of soda .'..'. Fertiliser factories '.'.'.'.'. Oil plants !!!.!!!.!.. Soap and soluble glass factories. . . Various chemical products Others No. of Factories 468 353 776 421 207 177 42 1,735 1 5 4,185 109 49 158 430 52 102 8 499 2 6 80 462 21 32 1.694 319 29 104 890 66 25 4.904 348 33 20 9 421 831 991 43 1.113 98 293 107 10,644 412 106 77 4 12 34 144 8 10 12 64 103 159 Total, technical and chemical industries I 1,145 Personnel Using mechanical power (other than wind or water) 3,436 1.821 1,905 977 655 522 366 3.343 400 12 13,437 861 360 1.221 1,644 543 1.184 2.063 1,950 87 1.205 347 8.701 1,587 174 19,485 1,480 637 514 2.465 1,111 1.756 10.726 1.971 236 749 6.875 16.233 6.040 3.037 1,224 1,724 785 8,733 538 62,919 1.467 2.750 1.218 466 375 346 1.184 201 375 723 974 976 1,978 13.033 409 120 71 243 16 5 32 763 1 1 1,661 68 14 72 47 28 27 8 61 2 5 19 392 17 3 613 51 25 51 45 59 22 1,068 112 19 7 9 410 567 155 14 14 19 72 54 2,763 412 96 58 4 6 14 63 8 8 11 32 36 82 830 Horsepower 9.195 2,340 1.417 826 87 9 126 3,721 350 2 18,073 1,300 129 1,429 708 567 648 11,317 825 196 617 68 12,999 462 7 28.415 344 199 183 89 998 1,548 3,465 747 273 1,923 6,592 9,588 4.774 807 995 15 299 708 253 33,680 (88,636) 3,994 747 315 603 386 1,263 302 1,329 3,065 535 388 1,973 14,900 Continued on page 153 DENMARK 253 Table Continued: Kind No. of Factories Personel Using mechanical power (other than wind or water Horsepower X. XI. Manufactories of pulp, paper and cardboard. Manufactories of colored paper Manufactories of boxes, envelopeis and paper bags. Total, paper industry Binderies Printing plants, etc. ........"." oJh^r''.'^;;;:;:::;::;;:;::;.-;;;;;.-;;;;;;;; Total, publishing and art industries Grand total 16 7 83 106 516 640 636 49 1,519 173 1,858 1,841 82,494 3,550 2.468 8,087 1,198 408 11 7 47 12,161 350,194 65 72 520 7,194 111 355 11 603 15,579 7,660 184 3.783 272 4,239 229,843 Railroads: own^''*^* ^^""^^ ^"^ "°^ ^'^ ™'^^'' ""^ "^^'"^ ^'^^^ ^'^ '*^*^ °^^ ^^^ ^'^^ *^« privately Post Offices: In 1917-18 there were 1,219; there were 12,297 letter boxes, and 213,541,534 letters Were carneci. Telegraph: ■>nH l^oZTr ^"^ °®'^ '° ^®"'^*' '^^ ^'^ '^«' °f ^^' ^^"^ ^''^^ 3,834,463 paid and 242,521 free messages. Telephones: .t..'^* stfte-owned telephone system had 23,965 rnUes of line, with eighty-three central stations, 162 rural stations, and 2,469 subscribers in 1917-18. There were 2 373 102 m,W^rmfi7?'^K '°l'^ "°"!fZ*'T- '^^ P"^***''^ "^"^ ^y^^-^ had'395;891 Un e^ subscribers and 380,782,400 conversations in the same year. corr^Stnt*'"' '^^^* °^ ""* *^'"*'^' ^™'° *"'* ^"^^"^ "* "^ '" commercial Local Advertising Media: most^™ '"^T daily papers in Demnark have a national circulation and constitute the ITnnTn r advertismg media. Posters and electric display signs, as well as railway stations and tram cars are extensively employed as media. Money, Weights and Measures: Uz,if2?lT***^ """ ^i^* ^°* ^P'"™" ^"""^ °' 1** "e- '"ith a par value of $0,268 Umt^ States currency. There are gold 20 and 10 kroner pieces, silver 2 kroner pieces and moni . ""* "f^: ^^ ™*"'' '^"'^ °f ''^'S'"^ »■«» -"easures prevails. The Md SnT "°"* measurement are identical in Demnark and its possessions Consuls : Odei^"''**' ^^^ *^°'"'" °®"*'' ""* »*»«°°«d at Aalborg, Aarhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, P™,?T*''a"°'""^u°®^^ *■* stationed at Mobile, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Denver, s' S 4 ^'"^' ,Ho°ol"l", Chicago, New Orleans, Balthnore, Boston, Detroit pLi! ; ^)-y"^\ ^,*h lovelocks (Nevada), New York City, Grand Forks (N. Dakota) Portland (Oregon), Philadelphia, Manila (P. I.), Humacao (P. R.) Mayaguez (P. R 254 ^^PORTEWS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Sr L^.i' ^.S L^i ?v^ir42-'°"' ^" ^' ^"^' ^--^ -- Shipping Routes: Scandinavian American L'ne. Consular Regulations: Cus W "Sr "" '""^ ""' ■"' "^""'""^ "« ™P°-1 - to --Sht^. -easure^, etc. pay ;:rdX'::fL^rwi^'-^™*"^"--'-'«-^^^ Mail Time: To Copenhagen, ten days. Parcel Post; International Reply Coupons: Valid in both Denmark and Iceland. FAROE ISLANDS Nor™^*«n7n ^^^"t' '^"^ " *''" ^'^°'''' ■'^"»''«<= t° ">« -orth of Scotland and between of LT,nL Q o^*"""^' "^ P""^"'^ of De°^'k- Their population in 1911 waa lIZ GREENLAND (f=ee under North America) ICELAND unitJ^''to''^.l'!^Zlfr"''"' Ti "^^ " "^"^^ - " ---«- "'"te, foreign affata " ""' government of a common king, and in the transaction of Area and Population Area and population of Iceland in 1910: Divisions An* 8q. M. The South- West The West The North . The East The South Total Population Population per Sq. M. 4.125 3.658 13.695 5.954 12.277 39,709 27,863 13.386 20.971 8,585 14.378 I 85,183 68 37 15 14 12 21 the fisheri.. e.^T.^t^Z^Z ^m^ aTdtdt^ "' "'"" '" ICELAND 255 Commerce for Iv^ yli: ^"'^ '°"^ '^" °' '"' ''"*^ ^***^ "*"■ ^'^'»°<' '"'<» ^aroe Islands* Year EXPOR' ;T8 Domestic Foreign Total Imports Free Dutiable 1909... 1910... 1911... 1912... 1913. . . 1914... 1915... 1916.. 1917.. 1918.. 1919.. Total S28,982 3,106 5,599 18,968 33,977 15,855 162,579 216.544 1,360,396 1.846.141 20,561 34,903 43,168 168.147 $28,982 3,106 5,599 18,968 33,977 15,855 183,140 251,447 1,403,564 2,014,288 3,884,961 $14,374 16.428 53 12,498 133 83,465 56,273 441,133 774,425 Note: *Include8 "Greenland" prior to 1911. Per Cent Free Excess of Exports (♦) or Imports (-) $63,210 140.231 53 30.077 99,125 86.813 83,866 56,273 444.359 777,663 905,774 22.74 11.71 100.00 41.55 .13 99.52 100.00 99.28 99.58 -$34,228 -137.125 ♦5.546 -11,109 -65.148 -70,958 ♦99,274 ♦195,174 ♦959.205 ♦1.236,625 ♦2.979.187 Value of principal imports and exports of Iceland in 1917: Imports ExpoRxa ConSSmiik; ." ." ; *?fi ?S Cheese Io,d09 Other animal pix>ducta ." .' .* .'.■;.;;; JJ'Sa P°7»Ued grains ; ff'fjf Milled grains a^'tH ?^i^^^^^''^- ::::::::::::::: %'dll Other aKricuiturai products .' .' ." .■.■.■;;::.■■ ^I'lS Frmt (fresh and dn*«i) ::; ^^ Sffee" 67,484 Chocolate and coc^: ;::::::: ^^'^l teS ••••••••• 2o:EiI Tobacco and cigars.' .' .' J?'I2? A^hoiicbeverU.. ..:::::::::::::::; 'lill 16.376 s|Sl?eather.- shoes." ;:::::::::::::::: 'if!:!?? w-d..::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: lllill iiTf.'^°d^w.:::::.\:::::::::::::::: ^tl'lol Metal and mietal products .' ." .' ." ." .' .' .* .' .* 370,'324 sairSutton ;." .■.■;::::: ^^« t?f Butter !!!:::::::: ilk Other animal pioducts . . qa? Fresh fish . g? J Salt fish *'|J| Wool :::.::::: ^?'??2 Sheepskins i'^i^ Guano ] j'H^ Whale fat and oil g'Jgg in 19^^: ''''"' °^ ^°"^^ '^' °^ ^"^^ "*"' P'^'^P"" ~'«"ri«» of origin and destination Countries ^nmark great Briuin." Sweden V,ermany. . . Netherlands." Spain. United States.. Imports FROM 1915 Exports to 1915 $3,043,208 $4,061,509 2,151,106 1,494.104 706,149 2.767.599 184.452 563,686 312,253 49 138,854 e 115,275 1.152.307 48,197 468,624 297,784 76.661 im 256 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Value of foreign trade of Iceland for five years: 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 Imports $3,779,622 4.199,040 $4,107,288 4,428,202 $4,474,018 5,119,091 $4,846,980 5,574,672 Exports $ 7,027.749 10.606.668 Production and Industry Almost the whole of Iceland is agriculturaUy unproductive; the only crops raised are hay, potato^ and turmps. In 1917 there were about 43,680 tons of hay, 890 tons of potato^, "^d 448 tons of turnips grown. In 1916 the Uvestock consisted of 49.146 hors«i, 26,175 head of cattle, 589,343 sheep and 1,358 goats. W.W ^^^® "iT,r'* ^^^ ^^^ *°^«^ '° *•>« ««''«"«. of "l^oh ninety-five, with a totel tonnage of 3,721, were saflboats; forty, with a total tonnage of 990, were mot^rboats, ^twenty^ with a total tonnage of 6,307 were steamboats. The total value of the product of the fisheries m that year was $3,966,400 (14,800,000 Kroner), of which the share ^7l^7i.^^t"l Tk ^^^t^- '^^^ '"^"'=' "' *•>* ''*™8 fishery was valued at 906i,{H)Z, and that of the shark fishery at $39,396. Internal Communications: TV. "^^^"^ oin '"'' ^f'Z^^^ ^ ^'^^^'^' ^° ^^^^ *^«^^ ^«'« *^x>"t 310 miles of carriage road. There are 240 post offices and 137 telegraph and telephone offices. There were 139.278 tele^ams sent m 1917, of which 88,574 were local. Telephone conversations numbered Money, Weights and Measures: As in Denmark. Shipping Routes Consular Regulations etc.: See Denmark. Language: See Denmark. FINLAND 257 FINLAND (See Map, page 352.) A country in northwestern Europe formerly a part of the Russian Empire, and sepa- rated from Sweden by the Gulf of Bothnia. In area, Finland is larger than the combined states of Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware The pnncipal commercial centers are Helsingfors and Tammerfors, the former being larger than Syracuse. The climate of Finland is cold in winter, and as warm in summer as that of the New England states. The most important industries of Finland are lumbering, agriculture and dairy farm- ing. Manufacturmg largely centers in Helsingfors and Tammerfors, and the principal estabUshments mclude saw mills, paper and pulp factories, textile factories and flour mills. Large quantities of American tools, flour, agricultural implements, tobacco cotton motors, etc., were unported by Finland previous to the war, but owing to the fact that such goods were ordinarily shipped via Germany, England or Sweden, Finnish statistics show only relatively small direct imports from the United States, such imports being credited m most instances to the country of transshipment. The direct route from Stockhohn to Petrograd is via Helsingfors, and in normal times IS heavily travelled. The per capita imports of Finland in 1913 amounted to $28.76 The per capita ^ports of Finland in 1919, estimated from statistics given below, wiU be approximately voo.iu, exports ipa.Of • Area and Population Finland stretches across ahnost exactly the same degrees of latitude as Alaska and covers 144,252 square miles, of which 79.7 per cent, is forest and uncultivated land' 11 7 per cent, water; 5.7 per cent, cultivated; and 2.9 per cent, pasture land. On December cnollf; ^^!^''^ ^ 3,325,003 inhabitants, of whom 521,208 lived in 38 towns, and 2,803,795 in the country. The density of population is slightly over 23 to the square mile m 1910, when the population was 2,921,297, there were 1,937,198 persons, or 66 3 per cent of the population, engaged in agriculture; 357,220 or 12.2 per cent., in industry M,^51, or 2.9 per cent., m traffic and transit; 64,589, or 2.2 per cent., in trades; and 477 839^ n7n;^9rAr''ho'noIf"r ''*^!f occupations. The principal towns are Helsm^or^ Kf 'i^ .^^;?fii J^T''^^'' ^^^'^^^^^ ^^^°^« (2^'329); Uleaborg (21,605); Vasa (24,430); Kuopio (17,587); Bjomeborg (15,571). Commerce Total foreign trade of the United States with Finland for nine years: Year ended June 30, 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Exports Domestic Foreign Total Imports Free Dutiable $2,207,482 2.389,241 3,615.485 3,901.686 327,399 381,296 676.052 68.360 Total $9,000 1,393 ' 'l'254 1,631 39,197 Per cent free Exce33 of exports (♦) or imports (-) $2,216,482 2,390.634 3.615.485 3,902.940 329.030 420.493 576.052 68.360 9,509.167 $30,566 17.807 28.938 86.157 140.128 35.013 2.990 $159,489 162.140 97,201 30.719 3.363 1.825 5.318 2,179 $190,055 179.947 126,139 116.876 143,491 36.838 8.308 2.179 309.053 16.08 9.89 22.94 73.71 97.66 95.05 35.99 $♦2,026,427 *2,210.687 *3.489.346 *3,786.064 ♦ 185.539 + 383.655 ♦ 567,744 ♦ 66.181 *9.200,114 258 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Trade for 5 months in 1919: Month Imports Exports Month January. February March . . April. . . . $13,413,500 13.934,600 23,681,100 31,980,100 Imports $2,489,700 2,779,200 1,428.200 2,856,400 Exports May. Total $38,889,500 $121,898,800 $3,802,100 $13,355,600 The latest reports show that during the first ten months of 1919 Finlan^v • Foreign trade of Finland for three years: Countries 1913 Imports from Exports to 1914 Imports from Exports to Russia Sweden and Norway. Denmark Germany Great Britain Spain France Other countries Total. $27,058,214 5.422,142 5,665,129 39,089,255 11,707,380 519,556 1,372,809 4,784,277 $95,618,762 1915 Imports from $21,867,093 3,536,918 2,299,788 10,065.143 20,953.045 2.350.740 7.435.904 9.617,576 $78,126,207 $28,003,721 8,064,891 3,399,888 22,846,954 6,488,467 287,763 865,798 3,593,660 $73,551,142 Note: Conversion at the normal rate of $0,193 to the mark. $24,213,201 4,996,577 1,413,339 4,040,841 13.027,307 1,094,503 2,704,509 3,549,463 $55,039,740 $74,304,421 31,636,560 2,393,007 1,340,192 944,642 74,305 351,260 781.650 Exports to $39,405,196 11,969,860 52,110 $111,825,937 $51,427,166 The chief articles of export are: timber ($7,007,637 in 1915) butter r«7 n*; 17q^ IsJ'Tj""' '"'!?'*" «•«'<': f reals $28,713,575, coffee and chicory $5,651812 sumr 13,659,666, also chemicals, leather ware, tobacco, colors, oils, leather aid hife Production and Industry In 1910 there were 284,188 farms. Of these, 143,933 were less th«n fiii extent; 88,398 ranged from 6.41 to 24.70 acres; 37,749 rknged W 2! 70T ^noyT"" '' 13,209 ranged from 102.75 acres to 247 acres' there wereRc^ f«l ? to 102.75 acres; in extent. Value of principal farm product; t 1915 and^/r' ""' ''' "" Products 1915 1916 Flax Wheat Rye Barley Oats Peas and beans Buckwheat. . Products $162,863 470.691 15,330.303 5.463.784 19.510,276 471,651 5,045 $216,449 528,830 16,831,940 6,312,610 19,510,534 525,462 6,224 1915 1916 Hay Potatoes. . . Straw Turnips, etc All other . . . Total . . $31,927,106 7.979,106 7,021,129 936.216 523.829 $89,801,999 $45,656,272 9,553,843 8,882,467 889,865 619,059 $109,433,555 FINLAND 259 Statifltics for 1916, showing the harvest, imports, consumption etc.: Domestic consumption Wheat . . Rye Barley . . Oats Potatoes. Bushels 14.740.000 552.640,000 227,200,000 855,360,000 1,076,220,000 Bushels 526,460,000 676,940,000 12,100,000 660,000 6,600,000 Bushels 2,200,000 78,320,000 47.740.000 172.040,000 223,960,000 Bushels 2,860.666 4.620.000 880.000 Bushels 539.000,000 1,148.400.000 ^ 187.000.000 (a) 682,880,000 (a) 849,860,000 n'^xt^eaV'^ '''^ discrepancy noted probably represents the amount of oats and potatoes carried Livestock in 1916, by provinces: over to the Provinces Horses Cattle Provinces Nyland Abo, Bjorneborg, and Aland Tavastehus V'ibor^ , ,[[ St. Michaels 27,247 49,011 32.548 44.082 18.961 Horses 95.297 169.791 111.136 149.048 87.205 Cattle Kuopio . . . Vasa Uleaborg . Total 29.435 48.057 26.274 275.615 157.813 174.893 135.375 1.0S0.558 During 1914 the number of horses attaining the age of 3 years wa^ ^OT nm o ^ ..r over 2 years, 1,178,000. «ftc ui o >ears was d01,000, and cattle Statistics of the number and distribution of dairies in 1916: Nyland Abo. Bjorneborg, and Aland Tava-stchus Viborg ! ! . St. Michael Kuopio \r ■ asa Uleaborg Total. 22 31 14 3 6 10 4 6 96 1 9 6 3 1 1 4 8 33 _ The production of butter in pounds by these dairies 12 93 32 25 23 60 82 57 384 35 133 52 31 30 71 90 71 513 m 1916 was as follows; Provinces Private ^'ylarK^ ijbo. Bjornelxirg, and Aland Uvastehus ♦ iborg . !<• Michael!. ■■.■.!.■ Kuopio Va.sa TTl .' ^-leaborg Company owned Cooperative Total Total . 931.638 612.0r)i 62.352 78,335 154,029 ' 31,556 1,869,965 342,509 221,657 564,166 410,604 859,705 206,060 6,692 14,660 1.497,721 1.342,242 1,814.275 490,069 78.335 154.029 6.692 46,210 3.931,852 millJ^^o^^f*^''''^ ^''''^*' "^"^^^ 30,988,834 acres. In 1914 there were 28S n^:7~ ^^h 578 steam saw mills, and 157 driven by water °'^*^' '^^ i-PE2duetio^^ ^^^^' ^-^^^>-^ ^^'^^ -rke.. Year 1!)12 191.3' 1914 I 260 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS In 1914 industries employed 112,835 workmen, with a production for the year of $3,892,419. The number of industrial establishments was 5,024. The motive power used was 338,622 horsepower, of which 154,560 was supplied by water power, 136,031 by steam power, 8,917 by internal-combustion motors, 38,670 by electric motors, and 444 by other motors. The following table shows the number of establishments, the motive power, the num- ber of workers, the expenditure for labor, the value of raw materials, and the value of products in the principal industries of Finland in 1914: Industries Number of es- tablish- ments Horse- power Number of workers Amount paid to workers Value of raw materials Value of products Food products Flour mills Sugar factories Tobacco factories Leather and hair Leather factories and tanneries Footwear factories Lighting power, and water trans- portation Mechanical workshops (including works for building steel ships) Paper industry Mechanical pulp factories .... Chemical pulp factories Paper factories Printing establishments Smelting and refining works .... Stone, clay, glass, coal, and peat industries Quarrying, cutting, and polish- ing the stone Tile and brick Glass Textile industries Wool Cotton Wood industries Sawmills Total 2,917 45.836 11,448 2.469 38,000 2.791 6 2.495 786 21 865 3,239 85 2,918 2,956 55 2.083 1,500 18 728 1,151 96 50.375 1,401 176 10.477 12,582 134 118,775 12.496 45 73.612 3,059 18 12.843 2,777 25 30.908 4,856 133 1,628 2,698 108 11.189 3,726 332 11.246 8,923 39 1,021 1,397 145 3,784 2,594 14 596 1,601 145 22.780 15,555 29 5.236 3,369 7 14.244 7,137 756 58.662 31,371 599 48,111 568,412 25,115 164,528 8,372 $1,759,214 202.225 526,928 614,589 333.561 232.796 402.115 3.135.265 2.320.632 557.712 589.344 909.049 770.089 802,339 1,476,064 309,822 320,495 301,774 2.421.397 528,569 1,055.362 5.143.392 4.002.472 28,715,205 $30,146,329 16.356.132 5,524.953 2.083.068 3,808,119 2.581.452 1,079,764 138,072 4,562,790 9,374.222 1 ,500.092 2.162.101 5,143,044 735.696 3,055,228 737.028 119.312 7.393.907 2.224.807 2.706.246 19.026.229 17.321.672 $137,798,323 $39,592,869 18.207.542 6.389.438 5.131,387 5.798,048 3,903,830 1,656,075 2,213,806 9.927,688 19.585.138 3,580.265 5,061.579 9.793.186 2,112.056 6.129,766 4.217.127 646.936 681.907 950.409 14,768.610 3.984.832 6.011.216 28.844,872 25,114,684 $223,303,266 The following table shows the number of waterfalls in Finland with capacities of different horsepowers from 5,000 to 10,000: 6,000 to 10.000 horsepower 10,000 to 20.000 horsepower 20,000 to 30,000 horsepower 30,000 to 40.000 horsepower Waterfalls 23 19 8 12 40,000 to 50,000 horsepower 50,000 to 60.000 horsepower 60.000 to 100.000 horsepower 100.000 to 300.000 horsepower Waterfalls 5 4 2 6 Average production in Finland of sawn timber, wood pulp, cardboard and paper during pre-war years: Articles Timber, sawn Wood pulp and cardboard Paper FINLAND 261 The foUowing table shows the average exports of these commodities during ore- war years: * ^'^*^ Articles Tons Value Articles Timber, all kinds. Wood pulp: Mechanical . . . . Chemical Tons (a)8,500,000 45,000 75,000 $38,600,000 772,000 2,895,000 Value Paper Cardboard . Note: (a) Cubic meters, equivalent to about 3,000,000,000 board feet. 150.000 50,000 $8,685,000 1,544,000 Railways: Th. Ittr T ^'^^^"f ^^ ^^^^^y« i'^ 1914; all but 220 miles belonging to the state. moditiL ^^ '"^ ^^*' "^""'^ 19,495,346 passengers and 4,419,000 tons of com- Internal Waterways : Finland has a large system of lakes connected with each other and with the Gulf of Finland by canals. v-v*** w Post Offices: Numbered 2,445 in 1914. Money; Weights and Measures: (10.193). There are gold corns of 20 and 10 marks, silver coins of 2, 1* and 1 The paper currency is normally convertible at par into gold but is greatly depreciated. (In quotmg exchange the customary term for Finnish marks is finmarks.) The metric system of weights and measut«8 obtains. oysiem Consular Representatives: officid'Tn Ne^Tyor^**" *"" " """'"'" *'*'"*' "' Helsingfo™. Finland has a consular Language: corrj^nden^.**'" ^^^^ °' "** '^""*'^- ^'"^^ '' "'^"""'^ "^ '" commercial Shipping Routes: Swedish-American Line. Transatlantic S. S. Co. Shipments to Finland may also be made via Swedish and other European ports. Customs TariflF: The tariff imposes specific duties upon over two hundred articles. Consular Regulations: No consular docimients are required. Cable Rates: From New York or New England states $0.43 per word. Postal Rates: Postal Union Rates. Mail Time: About 10 days. Parcels Post: Service does not extend to Finland. Money Orders: Issued, ^temational Reply Coupons: Not issued. 262 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS FRANCE ' \ / I ^ % J; X' 263 FRANCE A republic in western Europe. The capital and principal city of France is Paris, and with the few exceptions of certain raw materials, the import trade of France centers m Pans. Agriculture is an important industry, and before the war about 20 per cent of the population was engaged in it, as compared with about 23 per cent, in Germany and" 5 per cent, m Great Britian. Potatoes, corn, wheat, miUet and beets are among the im- portant crops. Silk culture is of great importance. The grape is cultivated on a most extensive scale, and the making of wine is one of the principal industries of France. Manufacturing industries are very highly developed, the principal ones being the production of articles of clothing and adornment, textiles, foodstuffs, chemicals machin- ery, perfumes, jewelry and novelties. Before the war about 13 per cent, of the popu- lation of France were employed in manufacturing industries, as compared with about 25 per cent, m Great Britain and 17 per cent, in Germany. Through the acquisition of thr Saar VaUey coal mines France adds to her annual output 17,100,000 tons of coal and the return of Alsace-Lorraine assures her of an addifinnai r,^^«,„i • . ? ' ^"^ ^jjg ^ ^^^ "^ ^" aaoitional normal iron ore output of 23,249,891 The per capita imports of France in 1918 amounted to «97 O'J Of f v.^ * * i • of PVance, the United States in 1918 supplied 337 ^r tnt " """^ ^"^^ Area and Population Area m square miles and population of France, census of 1911: Ain. Aisne Allier Basses-AJpcs Hautes-AlpM Alpes-Maritimes . . . Ard^he Ardennes Ari^ Aube Aude Aveyron Belfort Bouchea-du-RhAne . , CalvadoB Cantal Charente Charnete-Inf^rieure Cher Corrftze Corse Cote-d'Or ['.'. Cotes-du-Nord . . . . . Creuse Dordogne Doubs Drfime Eure [ Eure^t-Loir*. '.*.!." .'.*.' I'lniat^re.. . gard ::::::: naute-Garonne. Gers Gtronde . . .......,[ Hftrault Ille-«t-ViIaine.'.* Indre Indre-«t-Loii«"!!'"' wire Jura ' ■ ." litodes w»ire ' ' " Haute-Loii-e'. . .' I^re-Infdrieure.".;.'." 2.248 2,866 2.848 2.697 2,178 1,443 2,144 2,027 1.892 2,326 2.448 3.385 235 2.025 2,197 2.229 2.305 2.791 2.819 2,272 3.367 3.391 2.786 2.163 3.550 2.052 2.632 2.330 2.291 2.729 2.270 2.467 2.428 4.140 2.402 2,097 2.664 2.377 3.178 1,951 3,604 2,478 1.852 1,930 2,693 342,482 530,226 406.291 107.231 105,083 356,338 331,801 218.896 198,725 240,755 300,537 369,448 101,386 205,532 396.316 223,361 347,061 450,871 3.37,810 309,646 288,820 350.044 605.523 266,188 437,432 299,935 290,894 323,763 272,255 809,771 413,458 432,126 221,994 829,095 480,484 608,098 287,673 341,205 665,911 252,713 288,902 271,231 640,549 303,838 669,920 Population of the principal cities: aty Paris. Jtarseme.:; Lyon &^*^ • • • • • . . . Nantes! Tpuipuae..".'; «.Etienne.. Population, 1911 2,888,110 550,619 523,796 261,678 217,807 170,535 149,576 148,656 Loiret. Lot. Lot-et-Garonne . Lozere. Maine-et-Loire . Manche . Marne. . Haute-Mame. Mayenne. Meurthe-et-MoBdie . Meuae. . . . Morbihan . . Ni^vre. . . . Nord. Oise, Ome. Pae-de-Calais. ..'.'.'. Puy- _ Raw Iron and Steel: Ore iV ,■ Machinery Tools and metal goods Pig iron, iron and steel. ....'.." Leather goods. . Musical instruments Parisian novelties, brushes," buttons." Paper and manufactures of Perfumery Porcelain ware. . Potatoes Provisions: Butter Cheese Margarine......::::;::::::;;;;; Kesins, native. . . Rubber: Cmde Manufactures of . ! ; : : ; ; ; Silks and manaf actnres of: Raw suk goods.:; Yam.^ Stone and earths Sugar... Tabiefruits;:::; Vegetable oili Wheat flour Wines.. Wood; Furniture and woodenware. . , * or building Other.. Wool: W^nufactures of Yam.".:: :;;;;;;;;; Postal packages : : ; OtherarticI^ . ;; Total > • • • • ) • • • • etc. I • • • ' • • • I • • • ' ■ • • ■ ••••• I • • • • • 1917 $2,339,353 27.847,005 7,370,670 63,153,165 17,335,646 2,505,912 812,916 5,257,706 13,156,617 15,530,903 1.587,425 16,051,231 17,843,815 12,335,016 39,091,571 3,388,501 24,266,083 21,196,997 10,090,426 1,724.455 1.443.254 1,354.667 1,953,160 51,917 2,192,094 4.641.290 17,234,321 39.356.946 83.625.356 3.016.011 1,923.245 11,952.683 4,998.121 7.453,081 2,686,367 19.869,700 3.199,361 536,347 6,660,497 6,246.319 1,032,936 109.431 64.937.745 265,687,365 $1,160,450,714 267 1918 $1,158,772 19,313.896 7,008,409 5,401,158 5,559,568 1,339,806 165,980 4,892,936 10.422,966 4,720.780 853,060 10,032,719 1.935.120 5,436.424 23,492,153 1,969,951 20.601,013 24.279.400 14,706,793 1.810,340 801.722 3.964,966 3,306,611 163.049 3,214,801 6.662.620 22.554.752 47,210,502 95.361,879 6,310.974 1.679.293 16,574.647 6.884310 16,871,355 4.225.735 20.827.981 7.028,288 855.955 6.987,246 7.983,638 9,378,835 261,479 63,888.211 473,907,254 $799,657,479 Value of imports from United States, Gr^tBr itian. Articles Italy, Spain and Argentina in 1918: United States Great Britain Cere k°^^®" and other vehicles g3\n"d"iti"p;«;ducte.-.:::;;:: Coppe; Cotton: Manufactures of . . . . „i^w ;;;•• «av "^fa^. and bran Hides and Skina: *T* pared 'UmJy^ Horses $41,134,476 189,027,674 2,276,242 91,897,143 6,076,219 108,467.644 386 5,683,667 1.934.053 69,637 $4,152,009 7.407.147 42,000.810 5,684.841 64.775,239 3,322,495 628,987 5,219,492 15,064 Italy Spain $5,920,082 12.523.963 393,720 171.191 398,545 $1,946,405 101,132 314,397 4,428.192 22,581 Argentina $86,372,325 1.221,304 1.364.124 1.568,897 420.996 Continued on page 268* Ill 268 Table continued: EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Articles United States Great Britain Italy Spain Argentina iron ana ateel: Pig iron, iron and ateel Machineiy 165,465,655 68,944,232 57.521,141 506.432 15,080,055 20,226,786 80,782.273 47.293,106 325,977 11,535,610 110,042,617 43,271,951 48,449,755 8.349,952 1.116.312 1.463.326 21,377,452 10,298.287 3,730,690 2,526,949 6,347.577 28.178 2.479.857 584,211 372,683 1.389.600 1,134,068 3,264,402 33,776 Tools and metal work . . . . .. Lingerie and wearing apparel .'. . . Meats: Fresh and refrigerated Salted, etc 85,113 niio* m 63,242.626 Petroleiim Lubricating Rubber: Crude Manufactured Silk: 1.183.283 13.223.009 807.705 i2b'.625 132,205 Raw 769.684 Tin .■ ." Tobacco, leaf and mani^actured ." Wood: Ordinary 12.645.746 1,018.075 675,146 209,019 Exotic 579 Wool: Raw 17,072,394 7,017.094 239,840.328 1,930 9,264 100,185,142 1,368,563 675,409 81,303,373 442,549 Manufactured 4,062,457 365,536,596 19,119,738 Other articles 1,737 26,744,010 Total Sl.297.501,172 $1,032,010,758 $138,535,786 $99,546,028 $198,573,710 in igTs'"* °' ""* ^"^^ ^ *''* ^"'*^ ^^^' °'**' ^"'^' ^'''y- ^P»^ *"<* Argentina Articles United States Great Britain Chemicals Colors and inks Cotton goods '. Feathers Flowers, leaves, and fruit, artificial.!! Hides and Skins: Prepared Raw Iron and Steel: Machinery Tools and metal work ' ' Jewelry: Real Imitation \[[ Leather goods .....'." Lingerie and wearing apparel ........ Milk, butter and cheese Paper and paper goods Parisian novelties, buttons, brushes, etc Perfumery and soap Potatoes and dried vegetables . . . . Pottery, glass and crystal Rubber goods . . . Seeds for sowing Silk : Manufactures Raw Table fruits '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.. Wines Wool: Manufactures Raw and waste '. .'. . . Postal packages Other articles Italy Spain Argentina $3,101,510 3,237,189 2,513,053 487,711 394,299 2,263,311 91,675 144,171 462,042 10,163,573 4,571.205 205,159 8,709,318 1.753,019 1,742.983 1.368,563 Total . 302,045 7,890,805 162,313 1.152,982 1.384,775 56.648 19,032,888 $71,191,237 $16,633,898 864,061 4,7o5,520 2,285,313 1,576.038 3,629,751 132,591 362,454 1.179,616 372,104 4,931,150 9.144.533 5,661.848 332,539 3.744,007 11,346,856 2,341.669 40.337 2.068.381 3,984.099 1,891,014 56,797,777 1.177.686 3.387.922 8,933,005 425,565 7,913 2,393.393 37,048,087 $7,423,552 1.483,205 520,714 26,248 1,703,997 1,271,291 2,132,650 2,092,699 177,560 1,560,405 943,963 73,147 1.682.793 $1,621,200 160,383 671,061 1,199,881 81,639 25,476 698,274 958,438 897,257 $717,381 136,837 21,381 5,983 1,131,945 132,784 856,920 1.152,210 589,036 358.401 615.696 6.204.824 66,041 623,390 11,804,652 46.127 81.832 332,732 664,692 84,534 4,047,982 2,579,252 43,425 452,006 328,679 426,723 330.609 2,398,025 21,423 586,720 755.981 764,087 8,492 271,165 562,402 3,647,121 $187,449,127 6,998,759 8,595,696 $54,928,241 260,743 174,858 588,071 5,762,401 6,439,252 $31,469,422 3,088 660.253 386,579 1,188,301 3,307,827 $17,024,488 FRANCE 269 Production and Industry Agriculture : Of a total area of 136,101,120 acres, the following acreages are devoted to the various purposes: Under crops, 35,565,000 acres; under grass, 3,682,000 acres; under pasturage, 7,B89,930 acres; under vines 3,993,000 acres; under truck gardens, 659,100 acres; under various unspecified crops, 9,114,700 acres; under forests, 24,370,570 acres; uncultivated, 9,369,800 acres. Yields of the principal crops: Crop M*}*® bushels ^^i"ft. bushels Buckwheat bushels Potato®" bushels Wheat tons Artichokes i)U8hels Turnips and rutabagas bushels Cabbage for forage to^g Sugar beets ^^j^ Beets for distilling tons Beets for forage ^Qj^g Hay ....'..'.".'.' tons Flaxseed [jughels Herapseed bushels Tobacco pounds geas bushels f^^°?, bushels !l?'»t''« bushels gops pounds ^'°® gallons Yield of the principal fruit crops, 1917, in tons: 15.493,280 564,357 10,044,503 321,974,033 6,425,177 54,541.173 92,304,300 6,067,667 2.187,482 870,650 17,040,152 42.611,825 146,322 181,412 32,212,180 547,925 3,008,753 155,763 4,348,960 883,844,296 15,102,120 1,072.607 15.667.006 400,498.267 4,315,410 57,863,281 92,832,813 6,274,503 2,319,350 772,717 17,698,615 35,638,278 150,008 92,184 17.106,540 385,025 3.567.723 77,476 3,928,760 953,758,178 Fruit Tons Fruit Apples and pears . Table apples Tsble pears Olives Peaches Cherries Prunes 3,486,560 214,122 84,030 170,600 29,498 30,234 11,209 Tons Plums Figs Apricots. . . Chestnuts . Walnuts... Almonds. . Oranges . . . 29,791 3.339 7,430 133,090 41,793 2,675 481 On July 1, 1916 the livestock of France was as follows— comparison being made with the livestock as of December 31, 1913: Horses, 2,317,000 (3,222,000 in 1913); mules 163,000 (188,000 in 1913); asses, 317,000 (365,000 in 1913); cattle, 12,724,000 (14,788 000 in 1913); lambs and sheep, 12,079,000 (16,131,000 in 1913); pigs, 4,448,000 (7,036,000 m lyio). The total output of wine in France during the year 1918 was estimated at 1,169,395,645 gallons (compared with 986,318,200 gallons production in 1917), of which 1,116,318,473 gallons went into commerce, as compared with 953,864,800 gallons in 1917, and 53,077,172 gallons remained undelivered. The Department of the Gironde delivered 99!395'l31 gallons and produced an additional 15,589,755 gallons. Statistics of beet sugar production for 5 years: Year 1911-12 1912-13. 1913-14 1814-15 ; 191&-16. Number of Factories Quantity of Beets Used. Tons Number of Workers Men Women Children 220 213 206 69 64 4.485.627 7,341,425 Quantity of Refined Sugar, Tons 2,886,908 1,260,827 31,135 31,764 13,253 12,177 1.646 1.614 406 767 1.010 936 233 228 479,245 965,426 789,050 30.296 149,489 270 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Alcohol production statistics: In 1913 there wen^ ifiona ». i, 714,077 gaUons of alcohol- in 1914 12 IQ^triT Z '^ ^""^^^^ '^^'^ produced 11,769 worke,. product' 1 947,4 ^^^^^^^^^^ ''^""' ""''''' «^^-' - 1915. Fisheries: there were 28^ in k . ^J ^"^ ""^ "^^^^ 127,599,609 (126,936,694 in 1911)- inere were 28505 sail boats engaged in the catch, valued at 19 316 71S r2« 9M k t fr.t^^ *9'^12,412 in 1911); 339 steamboats, va ued aT$5 96o1qq r^i f f ?*".' at $5,091,243 in 1911)- 607 boats nmrv^ii^^ k ";• ''*^"®^^»^ 55.960,399 (291 boats valued and quarries io^tl'ZZ^Ti^Z ^^^^rr I^T ''""'ff' O""^^- '«-- quarries was vied at W9^430 That .f^f "'''''*"' "^^ t^e production of the produced 61,061,619 tons of C£;^ne Iteetrtr *'^^^^^ "^^ """"■^^ erals. The foUowine table shnwTtL ZS f ' ' ' °^**' ^1-521,480 tons of min- rency of principaTZet^; ^'"glg*'' ''"^'"'* "^ " ^^'^ "^^ ^"^"^ '° United States cur- Coal and lignite Iron ore " ' ' I«ad and silver Zinc ; ; Gold bearing minerals. C/opper 44,928,639 24.109,657 18,789 5,123 168,309 673 $130,514,518 20,791,697 743,243 961,140 1,264,500 15,247 Iron pyritea. Manganese . Antimony' . Tungsten.. . Arsenic I Iron yield of annexed Lorraine 1883-1918 inclusive: Tons Value 342,283 8,506 22,959 1.400 4,869 $1,011,706 41,302 436,952 793,000 51.316 Cast Iron Tons Steel Tons 1883 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910. Total Tons 260,778 321.193 543,922 751.367 1,141,112 1,966,247 2.406.340 Cast Iron Tons 20.314 63,140 128,486 201,639 391,893 1,167,277 1.597.429 271.092 384.333 672,408 953.006 1.633,005 3,133,524 3,902.769 Steel Tons Total Tons }Sj3 13.461.546 ^^^^ 2.724,444 1,720.681 1,917.938 1.824.200 1.443.086 2,263.426 1.870.012 1,008,017 1,401,892 1,658.463 1.363,847 6.724.972 4.594.450 2.728.698 3.319,830 3,482,653 2,806,933 annu^S:^oro^'':.f,Tf ""if^mZ"''^.^'^-'^ '^ °^ ^ -«- "■ there. I'.iw.OOO tons. There are important steel plants located and sti'indtSs tofs'oTfatr 1" '', T "f'''^' "^'^^ »"- "^ ^^^ '- carried oL by ^feSh^^tl^XS^ s'S^""". ^■" '"-'"'=*- - 1913 was tons of coal, 6,424,779 tons ofZVZnou!^'^ T^^, '"'* consunung 4,695,108 naetals than iron eniploy^ tm'j:^.:!Z ^ cS^'by ^p^r"" "' "''" Manufactures: piauw. portlt'iitS (It^rST th?i:^^^^^^^ ^'^P'^^^ - -«^ ^^ *^e -re im- usmes (according to the last industrial census, taken in 1906), as well as the FRANCE 271 number of establishments graded in three classes according to the number of oersona employed: ^ °^^ Industries or Professions Working Population Numbei of Establishments Having 1-20 Employees 21-100 Employees More Than 100 Employees Fishing Forests Agriculture, etc Mines and mining Quarries [ Foodstuffs Chemical industries Printing and allied industries . . . . . . . Manufacture of textiles Manufactures of clothes, goods, etc! '. Straw, feathers, horse hair Hides and leather ...'.'. Wood industries .!!!!! Common metals * | Precious metals !!!!.'.' Cutting precious stones !!.... Stone cutting [[ Construction, etc .'.'.'!!!!! Ceramics and glass !!.... Transportation !..'.*!..*.* Various commerce '....'. Foreign commerce, agencies, amuse- ments Banks, insurance, etc Personal services [[ Domestic service '.'..'.. Public service; Army Other !!.'!!!!!!! Industrial public service All others and total. 78,000 62,428 8,714.625 205.898 75,129 479.061 124,644 107,481 913,989 1.651.131 42,568 334,203 704,695 758,377 28,342 6.385 46,612 650,130 166.831 492.326 1,864.210 63.431 75.040 66.939 946.293 693,901 648,960 77,293 20,720,879 72.660 68.920 6.393,472 201,612 73,794 388,976 109,913 84,468 403,307 171,000 23,686 279,974 669,306 716,694 19,270 3,243 44,947 648,336 147,509 456,616 1.113.923 46,858 70,920 67,756 173,658 592,728 449,797 59,929 13,027,467 5.350 3,508 3,321,153 4.286 1,335 90.086 14,731 23,013 510,682 1,380,131 18,983 54,229 45,389 41,683 9,072 2,142 1,665 1.794 19.322 36.709 760.287 16.573 4.120 8.184 772.736 1.173 99.163 17,364 7,693.412 11,267 8,160 1,314.115 136 6,336 86,641 4.242 6,866 33,210 138.218 4,506 37,196 106,775 78,073 2,239 537 5,460 67,738 7,936 19,371 247,190 6,094 6,096 16.217 14,418 749 2,279.769 86 77 1,882 121 462 1.193 762 764 2.672 2.164 143 924 1.854 2,445 179 26 160 2,189 772 432 2.256 101 332 7 81 83 24,295 15 1 26 153 57 159 204 141 1,647 275 13 173 186 752 17 2 12 205 312 76 209 12 52 81 6,172 on^ Ju^ ^o»o™ging table shows the total steampower used by the industries of France, and the amount used by each of the more important industries employing motive power (exclusive of transportation industries), for three years' Year 1911. 1912. 1913. Total t - In 1,0008 of Hor8ep>ower Nimaber of Establish- Number of go 3 mpnts Establish- W Chemical Ind Tanneries Employing ments Total Horsepowe Mines and Quarries Metallurgic Plants E 3 u < Food Industries 1 T3 a Mfg. of Instruments Production < Electricity 62.901 63.032 63.113 81.620 81.675 81,740 3.141 3,235 3,539 531 530 676 559 587 596 184 188 192 233 231 236 137 140 144 544 544 639 99 101 106 50 49 49 1 i 207 501 218 568 239 703 VP« J Q T^^ ** ^ ^""^ ^^^ Statistics of sericulture and sUk production for several VanHn^ T ^?. f ""^""'^ '''' '"^'* extensively in the Departments of Gard, Drome, auciuse and Ard^che, and the French Goverment subsidizes the industry-. The center 01 SUk manufacture is Lyons (Lyon). 272 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Silk Cultttre Years 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. Number of Producers 90,517 83.825 43.327 42.756 Total Production (tons) Total Value of Production $3,021,518 3.842,423 831,219 2,292,521 Silk Production Yi ear Number of Spinning Mills Number of Pans 1911 1912 1913 Quantities of Silk Spun, Tons 193 177 166 Value of Product of Silk Stuffs (Lyon, Picardy, St. Etienne, not including Ribbons) 12.743 12,0S9 11,285 692 687 719 $80,051,961 81,408.365 Therl trin '^9^9?^^'"*""' l^^'T' " ^^'^^^ '' *^^ ^-^-^-^^ ^f clothing, mere ^ere m 1911 93,000 persons employed in tailoring establishments 52 000 npr«nn« employed m manufacturing womens' and childrens' clothes 21 ^f^^' ^ , T in manufacturing lingerie and 220 Om nor^^^ T ^ ?' ^'^^ ^^""^ employed Thp i^Ji A ? ' ^,000 persons employed m the making of artificial flowers 124.000 in the ^eduction of sUk te"x^^nSC'' ribZl"''''" °' "'"'" '^'^' and its environs. St. Itien'ne. J^riTextetf ar^^tlT/a N^^ 'ktn" rnrrTte^^n^r' ''■ ^"*"- ^-- «*• ^^-^ ^^^ ^-^:t. m each " '" "•' "'"'^ "' ^"""^ """^ ^ "'"'-- -ploying "ore than 50 Pormci;™ H ?5.76;" "^ "^^^^"'^ ''-" "' -''-' '-^ "« --"^ -vi^ated. Telegraphs: In 1915, 23,117 offices and 120,471 miles of line. Telephones: convltL';i';t;,tr ''^""^ "■''' '"'"^ ■""" °^ ""^ -'^<='> <=-'<^ «.327.000 Raih-oads: Total railway mileage 25,633. Money, Weights and Measures: Piecef 's^Terlfn^ 'ff ""'' ^"" ' ^"' ^"^"' "^ ^•^^3- ^^^ <^^i°« ^re 20 and 10 franc pieces. SJver coins of francs are current, but free coinage has been suspended for 43 FRANCE 273 years. France is a member of the Latin Monetary Union of which rt.,.lv r.i • Switzerland and G,^ a. likewise membe.. TheLmberVtl^s hav^^^^^^ gddTd silver corns of the same current value, fineness, weight and size, and eacrgo^rnniTnt accepts payment in the silver coins of the others equivalent to the French% Z,?^ The system has been adopted by Spain, Bulgaria, Se^via, Russia, pt^ and rZ^^^^ Weights and measures are those of the metric system. Rumania. Language: The language of the country is French. Local Advertising Media: . „ T*" ^"*!pif"^ P*P*" "o?""- °°' on'y »11 of France, but likewise have a large circulation '" ^^t^Tn T T!r *" °"' °^ *'«' '"°^* ™P°^°* *" ">« world. Thtif amlie^ important dailies in Bordeaux and Marseilles. uKewise Trade impers covering general commercial lines and engineering, as well as other lines the locally publ^hed papers. There are Ukewise published in France manv^a3n« of a general nature which have extensive circulations. Posters andTctricXTa^™ as weU as railway stations and tram cars ar^ extensively employed as mS "^ *^' Consular Representatives: French consular officials are stationed at Birmingham, MobUe Los An« ""^' P"* ^P«=ifi' ''"d on the basis 01 weight. The tariff itself la compUcated and detailed, and duties are levied either unde^ Sd«ron ^T"""'^^ ^"' °'" *''* ■"'""»'"" *-"»• Some few i LT^^ ^eri^ P^uchon and manufacture enjoy the benefit of the minimum tariff. A s-^x b^ b^n imposed applying on 411 items, for the most part manufactured art.c^ T^ ««ax does not apply to food products or raw material with the exc^pZn of w^T' Consular Regulations: to m^kTrieiS.'" """""'"' '''""'"*' ^" "^"^^^ ^^^ *^-« ^- -- restrictions aa Pos^ r'?' ^r.^xT ^''^ ^°^ ^'^ ^°^^^°^ ^*^*^' *0-25 per word, '^stai Rates: Postal Union rates. Maa Time: To Paris, via Havre, 8 days from New York. Uol.^nT ^T'"' ^''^''^' ^ ^'^^'"' ^^* °r ™«h* 11 poinds, aioney Orders: Issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. i 1^1 274 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS GERMANY A state in the northern central portion of Europe. The principal cities are BerUn, ilambiirg, Munich, Leipzig and Dresden. ^Agriculture, mining, and manufacturing are extensively developed in Germany The prmcipal agricultural products are potatoes, rye, oats, wheat, and barley. The cereal production of Germany is not ordinarily sufficient for domestic consumption, and with the loss of large and highly productive agricultural territor>' aa a result of the war, Germany wiU be forced to unport cereal products on even a greater scale than during the period before the war. Potatoes are cultivated extensively, not only for food but for distiUation into spirits, and alcohol. Cotton, tobacco, and grapes in the Rhine district are other important products. Livestock farming has in the past been important. The domestic production of meate has never sufficed for Germany's requirements, and although certain meat products were formerly exported large quantities were also imported annually. Through the territorial losses consequent upon the war and because of the great depletion in Germany's livestock durmg the war, Germany's imports of meat products must necessarily increase. Mining is a very important industry and has formed the basis of much of Germany's manufacturing development. The prmcipal mineral products are coal, lignite, iron, steel. and potash. Previous to the war Germany had achieved a high degree of development in manu- factunng industries. Among the most important of these were the manufacturing of iron GERMANY 275 and steel products, cotton, silk, and wool, textiles, chemicals glass and noro^lain k a woodenware, paper, leather, beet root sugar, beei and^' "^ ^""^ ^^^^^' The per capita imports of Germany in 1914 amounted to £30 70 Of k^, w i • the United States in that year suppUed 12 per « total stock of poultr;. C Prussm and &>Ue8w.g lUcewu« produce a surplus of meat and dairy prJucts It^ been ^tmiated by German authorities that by the separation of Posen and West Pni^" Industrial Losses: Coal; Germany's total coal output in the last year of peace was rouirhlv 1 QO nm nnn tons. Of this the Saar district yielded about 13,00(^:000, A^e- Wi^at^ut 17 ^^ and Upper Sdesia about 49,000,000 tons. The total loss in coal involved in the ^Z^Z ^^. Ir ?T?^ '"' therefore, equivalent to about one-third of the total pit coal outout The Westphahan coal fields, which yield the best in European coke, are ind^,Te fttl" Germany but clau^ are mcluded in the peace treaty which considerably !S riot i^ freedom to dispose of this coal for its own purposes. Germany is placed under Tob igl^ tion to supply France with 7,000,000 tons of coal a year for period of 10 yeai^ and t ofTeToHhP^T "^r '"'TJ '^T'^'"* *" '^' ^^'^^^'^^^ ^''''^^ *he annual out'put of the northern French mm^ before the war and their actual output in the year in which 20,000,000 tons, m the second five years, 8,000,000 tons. On the average therefore Germany will have to supply France with 15,000,000 to 22,000,000 tons of coa a ye^r to f'^^S ye3 ' '""^ *'"' ' ^''' '' ^'^^^" ^"' '^ ^«"" ^"^ 7'«^'000 'ou£ some 37,000,000 tons of coal; and this will have to be deducted from the output remai Jng which m the years immediately following the war will not regain the pre-war leT The of 10,500,000 tons. Unless, therefore, Germany can very considerably raise its outout the loss of Upper Silesia and the Saar basin, together with the fulfiUmen't oHhetS St, r 'k? '''^*^' .^^" ^^^^^ "^^^^^ ^ ^'^y ^^^^ '-ger import o British coal or a considerable reduction in consumption. A possibility of makinrgood of hgnite, which the treaty leaves almost completely in Germany's hands. Iron: The loss of Alsace-Lorraine carries with it most serious effects on the German iron mdustry^ The full significance of Ix>rraine is by no means brought out by a mere comparison of the steel output of the Provinces (2,286,354 tons in 1913) with the total onlvTel r ''fT 'r- u""' ^^^* ^^ ^^^^^^« -P-^-- - -^her hat not ^il L^ r'.r iT'^r.^r^''' ^^^ *^^ ^^"^^^'^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^on establish, ments, especially those m Rhenish Westphalia and the Saar basin, cover their ore require- ments to a very appreciable extent from the Lorraine mines. In 1913 the Lorraine and Luxemburg iron-mining industry contributed to the extent of 28,500,000 tons to the total German ore output of 35,900,000 tons and in respect of iron content supplied 8,150,000 tons out of a total of 10,540,000, i. e., it suppUed not less than 77 per cent. The loss of Lorraine will therefore make Germany dependent for the greater portion of its iron production on foreign ores, of which in 1913 it imported about 14,000,000 tons, with an iron content of 7,700,000 tons. It is no doubt true that after the war ores will be obtain- able from Sweden, Spain, and Russia, perhaps also even from France; but the ore basis of the German iron industry is nevertheless so greatly restricted that a disproportion arises between raw material and industrial product which renders the continued existence of the industry on its former scale a matter of doubt. Zinc: The position of the German zinc industry will also present serious difficulty. The loss of Upper Silesia involves that of the greater portion of the German ore supply, together with all the foundries which work up these ores with the assistance of Upper Silesian coal. The West German zinc industry, on the other hand, remains practically unaffected by the cession of certain districts to Belgium. The ore mines of these works remain German. It should, however, be remembered that these firms are precisely those which in the years preceding the war were obliged to have increasing recourse to foreign ores to cover their requirements; and that in the meantime German zinc contracts, especiaUy with Australia, have been annulled by the British and Australian courts. What has been said of the zinc industry itself applies also in the main to its by-products, which, especiaUy sulphuric acid, are valuable basic materials for the chemical industry. They also apply in the main to the lead industry. Potash : The German monopoly in potash is broken by the return of Alsace to France. A total of 14 works are separated from the German potash industry. Their output of potash is about 5 per cent, of the total German output. Their real productive capacity is, however, much greater than this, and was only kept down to 6 per cent, of the German output by a system of syndication. Petroleum: Alsace possesses, in addition, petroleum wells belonging to the German Petroleum Co. (Ltd.). In peace time they yielded about 42 per cent of the total German output of some 120,000 tons. During the war the completion of the conversion of the Petroleum Works to an improved system doubled the Alsatian petroleum output, the advantage of which now accrues to France. Other industries: To all the above raw-material industries must be added many manufacturing industries, among which the following may be mentioned: In Upper Silesia, the cement, chemical, textile and spirit industries; in West Prussia, the timber- using, sugar, milling, distilling, agricultural machinery, and shipbuilding industries; in Alsace-Lorraine, the leather and textile industries, especially cotton spinning; the machine industry, milling, vine growing and wine production. Area and Population The area of Germany in 1914 was 208,780 square miles, and the population was 67,812,- 000. No exact statistics are now available for the area and population of the new Ger- many, since, with the exception of Alsace-Lorraine, the ceded territories and territories subject to plebiscite were not administrative entities under the Empire, and thus no separate Btatistics of their population were recorded. The area of Germany before the war was approximately equivalent to that of the com- bined New England states. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Virginia. The area of the new Germany, assuming that all plebiscites will result in a vote unfavorable I. I 278 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS to Germany wiU be 165,032 square iniles, or approximately equivalent to the combined area of the above states excluding Pennsylvania. combmed Principal cities of Germany exclusive of those ceded by the treaty: City State Population in 1910 City Berlin Hambxirg Miincben (Munich) Leipsis Dresden Cologne Breslau Prankfort-on-Main . Duaseldorf Numberg Charlottenburg Hanover EsBen-on-Ruhx ChemnitjB Stuttgart Magdeburg Bremen Konigsberg Stettin Dinsburg Dortmund Kiel Mannheim Halle-on-Saale Berlin Schoneberg . . . Altona Elberfeld Gelaenkirchen Barmen Caasel Bnmswick Bockum Karhruhe Crefeld Pja^ie^. Mulheun-on-Ruhr . . . Erfurt Mainz Berlin Wilmersdorf . . Wiesbaden Saarbriicken Augsburg Hambom Lubeck , Munater Oberhaxisen Prussia Hamburg. . . Bavaria Saxony Saxony Prussia Prussia Prussia Priissia Bavaria Prussia , Prussia Prussia Saxony Wurtemburg, Prussia Bremen Prussia Prussia Prussia Prussia Prussia Baden Prussia Prussia Prussia Prussia Prussia Prussia Prussia Brunswick.. . Brunswick.. . Baden Prussia Saxony Pnissia , Prussia , Prussia Prussia Prussia Bavaria Prussia Lubeck Prussia Pnissia State 2,071,257 931,035 596,467 689,850 648,308 516,527 612,105 414,576 358.728 333,142 305.978 302,375 294,663 287,807 286,218 229.629 247,437 245,994 216,113 229.483 214.228 211.627 193,902 180.843 172,823 172,628 170,195 169,513 169,214 153,196 143,552 136,931 134.313 129,406 121,272 112.580 111,463 110,634 109,716 109,002 105.089 105,089 101,703 98,656 90,254 I 89.900 Population in 1910 Hagen .... Bonn armstadt GOThU opandau Wiirsburg . rreiburg Liudwimhafen , Berlin Lichtenbent. * Bjelefeld .?.'. Offenbach Zwickau Linden Konigshiitte Remschmied g°^^^ Pforzheim Frankfort-on-Oder. . , g«nthen Harburg Glenwits Lie«nits Furth Munchen Oiadbach! . Osnabriick Rostock Zaboae Berlin Steglits ........ Potsdam * ' " xJner Hensburg .".*;;; Heme ?««f" CoWeni Heidelberg Kaiserslautern Recklingshausen .* Brandenburg Mulheim-on-Rhine . . Regensburg (Ratiabon) . . Berlin Rummelsburg. Solingen /// Hildesheim Prussia Prussia , Hesse Prussia , Prussia Bavaria Baden Bavaria Prussia Prussia **^^^^0 * • • • 9 • ■ Saxony Prussia Prussia Baden Prussia Baden Prussia Prussia Prussia Prussia Prussia , Bavaria Prussia Prussia Mecklenburg- Schwerin . . . Prussia Prussia Prussia Prussia Prussia Prussia Anhalt Prussia Wurttemberg . Baden Bavaria Prussia Prussia Prussia Bavaria Prussia Prussia Prussia 88,605 87,978 87.060 86.806 84.855 84.496 83.324 83.301 81.199 78,380 76,683 73.642 73,379 72,641 72,169 71.106 69,082 68,277 67.718 67.025 66,981 66,620 66.663 66.414 66,957 66.383 63,373 62,064 62,243 61.610 60,922 67,147 66,605 66,487 66,109 66,016 64,660 68.701 63.606 62.425 61.624 61.042 60,536 60.230 Commerce Value of United States trade with Germany for eleven years: Year ended Jtme 30 Exports Domestic Foreign Total 1009 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 $232,797,766 246,786,846 283,022,029 303,495.338 328.629,366 341,875,820 28,656,206 272,981 1,049.340 Imports $2,526,384 2.769,080 4.473,785 3,463,683 3,054.846 2,918,456 207,148 15,918 1.160.109 $235,324,140 249,555.926 287,495.814 306.959,021 331,684,212 344,794,276 28.863.354 288,899 2,199,449 ' '8,843,882 Free $44,089,090 56,599,932 56,817,744 67,139.004 67,639,706 70,535.158 23,506.000 1.197.395 268.974 10,027 Dutiable $ 99.436,729 112,205,206 106,424,816 104,241,376 121,323,365 119,383,978 67,866,710 12,748,348 1.255.719 64.067 Total Per cent free Excess of Exports (♦) or Imports (-) $143,626,838 168.805.137 163.242.660 171,380.380 188,963,071 189,919,136 91,372,710 13,943,743 1.624,693 64,094 944.981 30 |33 34 39, 36 37. 26. 8. 17. 16. 72 63 81 18 80 14 73 69 63 64 $ ♦91,798,312 ♦ 80.760,789 ♦124,263,254 ♦136,578.641 ♦142,721,141 ♦164,875,140 - 62,509.356 - 13.654,844 ♦ 674,756 64,094 ♦ 7,898,901 GERMANY 279 Total foreign trade of Germany for five years: 1900 1010 1011 Imports Exports Imports Exports $2,020,300,000 2.126.322,000 2,300.047.000 $1,560,412,000 1,778,069,000 1,020.243,000 1012. 1013. 2.544.636,000 2.563.364,000 2.151.718,000 2.403.311.000 Value of imports from principal countries of origin for fine years: Countries 1000 United States Russia United Kingdom Austria-Hungary France British India Argentina Belgium Netherlands Australia Brasil Dutch East Indies Sweden Switserland v^uiie *••••••.••...•... Spain Denmark British West Africa China Egypt Nrway Roumania Turkey British South Africa . . . Canada Japan Finland Uruguay Ceylon Bolivia Guatemala Algeria Greece Portugal Mexico , Straits Settlements Venesuela , French West Africa Portuj?uese West Africa. Ecuador Colombia German East Africa . . . . Peru Siam Cuba ;.; Kameroon Philippine Islands Tunis Serbia ] . Dominican RepubUc. . . . New Zealand Morocoo Madagascar '. Bulgaria Persia. British East Africa German South West Africa. Togo Paraguay Costa Rica Salvador All other countries Total. • • • • I $300,490,000 324,613,000 172.133,000 179,607,000 115,456,000 75,435,000 104,172,000 68,918,000 60,312,000 68,509,000 55,477,000 66,761,000 44,006,000 33,758,000 38,710,000 34,157,000 29,443,000 32,202,000 20,797,000 15,515.000 22,783,000 8,770,000 15,361,000 13,635,000 14.651.000 1,997,000 6,956,000 6,657,000 8,097,000 4,585,000 6,107,000 6,935,000 4,840,000 4,322,000 3,084,000 5,119,000 6,451,000 3,585,000 2,944,000 3,003,000 2,634.000 2,433,000 1,853,000 3.059,000 2,932,000 2,467,000 2,644,000 885,000 889,000 3,662,000 1,697,000 504,000 1,847,000 1.536,000 1,999,000 635,000 1,162,000 788.000 895,000 865,000 880,000 914,000 15,876,000 $2,029,399,000 1910 1911 1912 $282,652,000 330,013,000 182,444,000 180,686,000 121,099,000 96,162,000 85,022,000 77,489,000 61,515,000 65,340.000 63,750,000 66,385,000 44,628,000 38,986,000 41,386,000 36,793,000 33,363,000 37,629,000 25,786,000 22,531.000 22,282,000 11,820,000 16,394.000 16,054,000 14,133,000 2,531,000 8,760.000 6,226,000 6,798,000 8,421,000 7,047,000 4,516,000 4,889,000 6,060.000 5,176,000 5,641,000 10,864,000 3,771,000 3,396,000 3.645,000 2,543,000 3.092,000 2,571,000 3.456,000 2,730,000 2,039,000 5,586,000 920,000 868,000 4,267.000 2,003.000 1,224,000 2,168,000 2,815,000 1,502,000 657,000 1,636,000 967,000 761,000 1.250,000 896,000 824,000 20,464,000 $2,126,322,000 $319,726,000 388,951,000 192,497,000 175,903,000 124,811,000 104,790,000 88,040,000 80,942,000 70,862,000 67,779,000 59,082,000 76,161,000 43,881.000 43,554,000 42,753,000 37,688,000 39,050,000 42,899,000 25,424,000 24,596,000 23,689,000 12,876.000 • 25,643,000 16,682,000 13,304,000 6.702,000 8,942,000 8,243,000 8,427,000 8,803,000 8,704.000 6,474,000 6,153,000 5,634,000 6,064,000 7,384,000 6,531,000 3.974,000 3,410,000 4,678,000 2,871,000 3,473,000 2,914,000 4,908,000 1,984,000 2,311,000 4,016,000 1,181,000 1,199,000 5,893,000 1,987,000 1,691,000 2,970.000 2,565,000 2,520,000 2,257,000 1,447,000 760,000 807,000 1,042,000 1,181,000 1,075,000 18,189,000 $2,309,947,000 $377,464,000 363,628,000 200.543,000 197,531,000 131,432,000 126,911,000 105.880,000 92,021,000 82,195,000 72,498,000 65,858,000 74,537,000 51,149,000 50,929,000 48,963,000 49,897,000 45,176,000 48,120,000 28,221.000 27,498,000 26,577,000 15,215,000 32,886,000 18,480,000 15.995,000 13,835,000 10,266.000 8.775,000 11.972,000 9,450,000 0,121,000 7.627.000 7,606,000 5,963,000 5,879,000 8,459,000 5,652,000 4,736,000 3,765,000 4.568.000 3.763,000 3,122,000 3,485,000 3,212,000 1,666,000 2,737,000 4,275,000 2,245,000 2,179,000 4,695.000 2,018,000 2,112,000 4,538,000 2,033,000 4,274,000 3,720,000 1,737,000 1.399.000 1,479.000 1,371,000 1,213,000 888,000 19,458,000 $2,544,636,000 1913 $407,246,000 339.055,000 208.454.000 196,935,000 138.808,000 128,936,000 117.710,000 81,975,000 79,260.000 75,599,000 70,468,000 59.008,000 54,176,000 53,350,000 50.767,000 47.561.000 47.293,000 45.657.000 32,010.000 31,052,000 28,176,000 19,510,000 18,971,000 17,604,000 16,570,000 15,293,000 11,098,000 10,763,000 10.294,000 9,979,000 9,692,000 8,298,000 8,238,000 6,184,000 6.010,000 5,958.000 5,792.000 4.913,000 4.604,000 43(>i,000 4,059,000 3,796.000 3.466.000 3,373,000 3,347,000 3,151,000 3,110,000 2,605,000 2,511,000 2,508.000 2.417.000 2.397.000 2.315.006 2.097.000 2.088.000 1,829,000 1,804,000 2,315,000 1,739,000 1,711,000 1,668,000 1.304,000 20,687,000 $2,563,354,000 ; ii 1 - 280 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS GERMANY 281 II Value of principal imports by articles for five years: Articles Cotton, raw Wheat Wool, raw Barley Copper, crude Cattor and buffalo hides Iron ores .\ ^ Coffee, raw Coal '.'.'.'.'.." £SK8: yolka of eggs ...... Fur skins Nitrate of soda (Chile saltpeter) Silk, raw, not dyed Bran, rice refuse India rubber, gutta percha, and balata gum Wood of conifers, sawn. .!.'.!.' ,' Tobacco, leaf . . Linseed Copra Lard Butter '.'.'.'.'.'.'.. Oil cakes ',\\ Horses Cotton yarn and twist . . Woolen yarn Palm nuts Rice Corn Fruits, southern Wood of conifers, rough .... Calfskins Jute, raw, and tow Meats Cattle v.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Machinery Fruits, common, fresh Sheep, lamb, goat, and kid skins Cotton fabrics Kerosene . . . . Brown coal Cocoa, raw " ' ' ' Wool, carded or combed ... . . Oats Fish, fresh " " ' Intestines and stomachs of cat- tle, bladders Tin, crude Flax, raw, cleaned, steeped, broken Poultr>', live Wine, in casks . Herring, salted .,', Phosphate of lime, natural ..... Clover seed Lubricating oils, mineral . . . . . . Sesame Woolen fabrics Rye .'.'.".'.'.' Tin ores \\\ Wood for the manufacture of. pulp or cellulose Cotton seed * ' Fruits, dried Zinc ores \\ Lead ores Beneine, raw .'.!!!! Linen yarn * . " ' Sheep, lamb, goat, and kid skins, dressed All other articles Total. $126,669,000 108,637,000 84.917,000 72,118.000 45,183,000 40,031,000 30,142,000 44,683,000 39,568,000 38,086,000 51,761,000 28,508,000 37,546.000 33.280,000 36,599,000 25.306,000 31,437,000 25,150,000 11,069,000 26,516,000 23,352,000 23,403,000 120,992.000 21,310,000 28,478,000 16,446,000 14,087,000 20,929,000 15,560.000 19,395,000 19,963,000 12,284,000 11.994.000 17,321.000 15.108,000 13.401,000 14,354,000 12,730.000 14,982,000 18,465,000 10.009.000 20,395,000 15,632,000 10.374,000 12,337,000 8,733,000 8.511,000 10,646,000 8,761,000 7,731,000 9,473,000 12,495,000 7,042,000 5,242,000 8,317,000 9,175,000 4.919,000 6,578,000 3,512.000 5,915,000 5,266,000 4,765,000 4,082,000 5.509,000 6,344,000 526,870,000 $133,495,000 89,791,000 92,763,000 73,782,000 51,449,000 49,173,000 38,390,000 42.002,000 37,545,000 39,768.000 50,057,000 31,771,000 35,110,000 27,353,000 64,345,000 29,318,000 24.770,000 23,983.000 19.636.000 16,525,000 21,888,000 22,076,000 26,041,000 24,292.000 28,532,000 21,041,000 19,104,000 14,669,000 18,963,000 20,084,000 17,444,000 10,070,000 11,696,000 20,234,000 15,305,000 8,294.000 12.292.000 13,482,000 13.095,000 16,726.000 10,805,000 18,949,000 11,225,000 11.372,000 12.831,000 10,418,000 9,606,000 12,111,000 14,164,000 9,451.000 8.607.000 12,149,000 6,904,000 9,798,000 8,896,000 10,113,000 6,357,000 6,767,000 4,100,000 6,334,000 6,434,000 4,676,000 4.020,000 6,495,000 7,567,000 570,819,000 $143,780,000 94,932,000 88,464,000 109,981,000 54,989,000 49,311,000 42,500,000 59,873,000 42,678,000 41,840,000 38,492,000 32,183.000 32,452,000 39,286,000 46,324,000 32,225,000 27,734,000 22,460,000 17,652.000 20,874,000 30,749,000 24,835,000 25,329,000 23,535,000 27,082,000 21,460,000 20,983,000 20,639,000 22,468,000 22,084,000 17,952,000 14.834.000 11,131,000 14,271,000 16,901,000 11,816,000 11.555,000 12.249,000 11.131.000 16.824.000 13.210.000 17,722,000 17,816,000 12,391,000 13,158,000 13,157,000 $2,029,399,000 $2,126,322,000 10,744,000 10,913,000 14,227,000 9,404,000 9,916,000 14,871.000 8,326,000 8,052,000 9,860,000 18,091,000 8.549,000 4,776.000 5,949,000 7,233,000 8.042,000 6,412,000 5,293,000 7,198,000 7,692,000 631,087,000 $137,990,000 94,211,000 96,613.000 105,723.000 74.496,000 59,696,000 47,854,000 60,119,000 45,455,000 45,964,000 46,361,000 42,563,000 34,965,000 49,748,000 43,971,000 35,987,000 32,277,000 24,946.000 22,853,000 26,458,000 30,070,000 27.717,000 23.831.000 24,749,000 25,618,000 23,640.000 24.424,000 34,086,000 22,425,000 23,016,000 20,029,000 17,785.000 22,774.000 17,477,000 18.341,000 14,005,000 14,759,000 13,827,000 14,981,000 16,429,000 15,134,000 20,481.000 21.823.000 14,083.000 13,227.000 15,435,000 16,032,000 13,079,000 13,548,000 10,501,000 10.744.000 13.110,000 9,827.000 8.454,000 11,025,000 10,447,000 9,852.000 7,680.000 8.381,000 7,373,000 9,655.000 7,170.000 9,668,000 7,343,000 7,381.000 694,950,000 $144,496,000 99,319,000 98,216,000 92,911,000 79,794,000 76.564,000 54.048,000 52,259,000 48,685,000 46,189.000 44.701.000 40.912,000 37,603,000 35.566.000 34,929,000 32,199,000 31,956,000 30,867,000 29,019,000 28,300,000 28,252,000 28,217,000 27,683,000 27,657,000 25,706,000 24,751.000 24.728.000 24,257.000 24,076,000 23,077,000 22,527,000 22.371,000 22,310,000 20,775.000 19,141,000 17,381,000 17,276,000 17,158,000 16,632,000 16,463,000 16,070,000 14.605,000 14,382,000 14,252,000 14,107,000 13,840,000 13,630,000 13,319,000 12,735.000 12,316,000 11,062,000 10,941.000 10,903.000 10,403,000 10,336.000 10,036,000 10.029,000 9,480.000 8.874,000 8,843.000 8,743,000 8,609,000 8,635,000 8,368,000 7,997.000 091,968,000 Value of principal articles of export for five years: Articles 1909 jqiq 1911 Machinery of all kinds (not in cludingelectrical), and parts of Iron and steel and manufactures of, not specially mentioned. Coal Cotton fabrics Woolen fabrics Sugar Paper, cardboard, and manufac- tures of Fur skins Malleable iron in bars Silk fabrics Coke Aniline and other coal tar dyes Rje Clothing, millinery, and other sewn articles Copper and alloys, manufac- tures of Upper leather for boots, shoes. slippers Leatoer. manufactures of Toys and Christmas tree decora- tions Sheets and plates, iron .... Oats ■. Woolen yarn Wheat Iron tubes, rolled or drawn .... Cattle and buffalo hides Iron wire Books, maps, sheet music. ... . Electrical appliances for illumi nation, transmission of power, electrolysis Rails for railway's, sleepers, fisii plates, and bedplates Passenger automobiles Pig iron and nonmalleable iron alloys Blooms, billets, puddled bars, ingots Potash salts, abraum salts. . .. . Hollow glass Cotton yam and twist ........ Chloride of potash Wares of soft india rubJaer, ex- cept tires Electric dynamos, motors, tranis- formers Cotton, raw Pianos, organs, and parts of . .'. fine, crude and scrap Indigo Margarin and vegetable taJlow ^hmaware (except insulators) obeep's wool, raw. . . . $2,309,947,000 Electric incandescent lamps. . . Wool and other animal hair. carded, combed Coai briquets \\ Wheat flour Kice. polished nj'e flour Ejectric cables . ....'..'.'. ^il cake and meal dement India rubber.' gutta percha, and balata gum nops All other articles ........... $2,544,636,000 $2,563,354,000 Total $91,480,000 83,902,000 74,487,000 76,473,000 60,779,000 48,951,000 47.135,000 37,605,000 23,012,000 39,209,000 16,766,000 28,007.000 21.976.000 20.883.000 16,305.000 19,486,000 17,673,000 18,104,000 12,310,000 9,953,000 14,331,000 9,361.000 8,605,000 13,458,000 12,406,000 14,625,000 4,900,000 12,111,000 4,066,000 6,787.000 9,957,000 4,618,000 9,858,000 11,646,000 7,464,000 7,740,000 7.197,000 12.982,000 9,239,000 8,683,000 9,394,000 91,000 9,375,000 10,467,000 8,C67,000 9,786,000 £.231.000 10.745,000 7.476,000 4,390,000 11.187,000 6,635.000 4.748.000 7,545,000 4. .536, 000 504,549,0t)0 $109,455,000 99,721,000 70,954,000 86,776,000 62,631,000 46,282,000 51,172,000 45,923,000 27,090,000 43,963,000 20.202.000 29,938,000 26,600,000 24,707,000 20,109,000 20,446,000 18,693,000 20,498,000 13,157,000 14,488,000 18,450,000 12,265,000 8,415,000 15,767,000 14,013,000 14,815,000 6,749,000 17.128,000 6,931,000 10,709.000 10,708,000 7,028,000 11.296,000 13,035,000 9,326,000 9,851,000 9,216,000 14,737,000 10,522,000 9,632,000 9,428,000 1,883,000 10,213,000 10,309,000 11,786,000 10,716,000 6,570,000 10,286,000 7,775,000 6,215,000 11.277,000 6.634,000 6,392,000 11,658,000 6,409,000 564,020,000 1912 $1,569,412,000 $1,778,969,000 $129,566,000 124,305,000 87,580,000 92,801,000 62,444,000 50,122,000 53,600,000 40,568,000 29,552,000 46,054.000 22,865.000 27.729,000 26,076,000 26,787.000 22,412.000 22,721,000 19,431,000 21,560.000 15,816,000 10,243,000 20,967,000 13,171,000 12,087,000 14.014,000 15,245,000 15,304,000 7.697.000 16,289,000 10,099,000 12.473.000 12,656,000 8,062,000 12,105,000 14,087,000 11,757,000 10,453,000 11,176,000 11,888,000 12,361,000 9.503,000 9.956,000 3,791,000 11,238,000 9,626,000 10,907,000 11,021,000 8,152.000 8.810,000 9,830,000 5,528,000 7,470,000 7,066,000 6.319.000 9,476,000 7.521,000 618,908.000 $1,929,243,000 $160,014,000 138,257.000 103,904,000 100,351,000 60,314,000 31.070,000 55,266.000 50.327.000 39,505,000 45,424,000 30,095,000 31,836,000 29,859,000 28,164,000 25,729,000 25.994,000 23,363.000 21,960,000 18,400,000 14,744,000 20,039,000 15,097,000 15,979,000 16,864,000 16,567,000 16,705,000 10,076,000 19,010,000 16,483.000 17.348,000 14.805,000 11,071,000 12,723,000 15,267,000 10,209,000 11,255,000 12,207,000 12,576.000 12.717.000 12,518.000 10.761.000 8,519,000 11,308,000 11,430,000 11,991,000 11,300,000 8,980,000 9,429,000 10,044,000 7.012,000 7,679,000 8,106,000 8,063,000 10,306.000 7,958.000 676.750.000 1913 $2,131,718,000 $161,904,000 155.237,000 122,908,000 106,267,000 64,463.000 63,004,000 62,539.000 53,644.000 48,702,000 48,176,000 34,917,000 33,815,000 31,634,000 31.407.000 31,129,000 27,225.000 27,187,000 24.594.000 24,455,000 22,160,000 21,573,000 20,850,000 20,037,000 19,363,000 18,146,000 17.677,000 17,623,000 17,536,000 16,897.000 15.897.000 16.634,000 16.152,000 14,978,000 14,533.000 13.871,000 13,697,000 13,456,000 13.329,000 13,205,000 13,053,000 12.691,000 12.110,000 12,039,000 11,816,000 11,461,000 11,331.000 10,655.000 10,521.000 10,315,000 9,379,000 9.346.0C0 9,186.000 8.966.000 6.672.000 5.608,000 749,422.000 $2,403,311,000 282 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREWN MARKETS Value of German exports to principal countries of destination for five years: Country of Destination Argentine Australia Austria Hungary . . . Belgium Brazil British India .' .' British South Africa . Bulgaria Canada chue .;; China Denmark Dutch East Indieis! . '. Egypt Finland France Greece ' Great Britain . . Italy ;;; Jai>an Mexico [[] Netherlands ........ Norway Portugal Rumania Russia Sweden ' * Switzerland Serbia [[[ Spain Turkey .'.".'."."." Uruguay United States $43,850,000 14.600.000 191,825,000 87.175,000 22,950,000 19,700,000 9.525,000 4,700,000 6,200.000 14,400,000 14,200,000 48,925,000 9,825,000 fi.a'iO.OOO 15,650,000 113,775,000 2,825.000 253,750,000 72.250.000 19.400,000 9.525.000 108,875,000 2e.l2f,000 7,325,000 14,300,000 111,125.000 39.050.000 103,300,000 4,150,000 17,275,000 19.725.000 5,825,000 151,575,000 $60,050,000 16,825.000 205,400,000 97,675.000 30,425,000 22.450,000 13,500.000 4,750,000 9,150.000 16.200.000 16,625,000 56,175,000 12,450.000 8,550.000 18,450,000 135,850,000 3,775,000 275,500,000 80,875,000 22,325,000 11,725,000 124,675,000 29,975,000 8,250,000 16,425,000 136.775.000 47,625.000 113,150.000 4.775.000 17,900,000 26,225,000 7,100,000 158.175,0001 $63,976,000 19,925,000 229,425,000 103,175.000 38,000.000 24.875,000 19,350,000 5.975.000 10,725,000 21,350.000 17,950,000 54.600.000 15,400,000 10.575,000 18.860,000 149,650,000 4,450.000 284.925.000 87.000.000 28.150.000 11.275.000 133.025.000 31.075,000 10.050,000 23,850,000 156,^50,000 47,900,000 120,600,000 5,326,000 22.100,000 28,400,000 8.225.000 159.950,000 $59,850,000 21,900,000 258,825,000 123,325.000 45,700,000 26,875,000 11,125,000 7,150,000 13.576,000 28,000,000 20,425,000 63,550,000 18,625.000 9,500,000 20,850,000 174,400.000 4,725.000 290,275,000 100,300.000 27,650,000 11.325.000 152,125,000 36,175,000 10,550,000 32,925,000 169,950,000 49,350,000 130,125,000 4.625.000 28.260,000 28.200.000 9,625,000 174,400,000 $66,475,000 22,125,000 276,200,000 137,750,000 49,950,000 37.675,000 16,725,000 7,575,000 15.125,000 24.475.000 30,726,000 70,975,000 24,675,000 10,860,000 24,375,000 178,300,000 6,100,000 359,550,000 98,350.000 30,675,000 12,000,000 173.425.000 40,425,000 13,026,000 35,000,000 220,060,000 57,450,000 134.025,000 4.850,000 35,750,000 24,600,000 8,950,000 178,300.000 mJiZ^" ""**'" °' ^"^ '"'^^ '""" «"= P™"'"'^ <»-»"- *» the total Ger. Countries 1908 United States . . . Russia Great Britain . . Austria Hungary France British India. ... Argentine 1910 1911 1912 1913 16.7 12.3 9.1 9.8 5.6 4.0 5.8 13.3 15.6 8.6 8.5 5.7 4.5 4.0 13.8 16.8 8.3 7.6 5.4 4.5 3.8 14.8 14.3 7.9 7.8 6.2 5.0 4.2 16.9 13.2 8.1 7.7 6.4 6.0 4.6 exportr"*"*' "'"*"" °' '''™'"' '^"^ *° *•>« ""->''' --««« to the total Gennan Countries 1908 1910 1911 1912 1913 Great Britain 16.6 11.5 7.0 6.9 7.9 7.1 6.3 14.7 11.0 7.3 7.3 8.5 6.7 6.0 14 11.3 7.7 7.4 7.9 6.6 6.0 13.0 11.6 7.6 7.7 7.8 6.8 5.8 Austria Hungary 14 2 Russia 10.9 8.7 7.8 7 1 France United States Netherlands Switzerland A Q 5.3 GERMANY 283 , Production and Industry Agricmure: Apiculture, aJthough not the leading industry in Germany, is very important In the southern portion of the Repubhc, hops and fruits form the chief agricultural products except m the higher elevations, where rye, oats, and potatoes are raised in a great degree Rye and oats are the principal products of the northern portion of Germany. Sugar beete and potatoes as weU as barley and wheat are aUo extensively grown in the northern and central portions. The vaUeys of the Rhine and MoseUe are devoted mainly to the culti- vation of grapes. The subdivision of the soil in 1913 was as follows: ,^^^^Ln^i!^'^^^'^- *"'"'' ^^'^^^^ 14,799,429 acres; orchards 137,946 acres; In 1907 the number of holdings was 5,736,082 as compared with 5,558,317 in 1895. The distribution was as follows: Less than 2.6 acres 2.5-25 acres 25-60 acres No. of holdings. Area in acres. . . 50-125 acres 125-250 acres 2,731,055 1,991,637 Over 250 acres 2,306,529 21,827,262 412,741 14,361,750 225,697 17.648,608 36,494 6,176.985 23.666 17,425.894 Acreage under principal crops for five years: Rye mieat ... Spelt ; ; ; ; Biarley (summer) Potatoes . . . Oats Hay ;;;; ^ineyards '.'. Hops 15,253,922 4,839,980 801,602 4,111.297 8,255.002 10.553.832 14.879,747 300,517 97,252 16,035,357 4,935,245 683,232 4,135,050 8,530,502 11,095,522 14,909,117 264,690 67,620 16,747,390 4,990,250 672,837 3,954,497 8,465,254 10,970,325 14,462,410 254,880 69,212 16,028,674 5,008,101 648,477 4,049,657 8,931,040 11,538,250 14,821,982 242,642 55,342 14,997,360 4,207,630 428,722 3,790.256 6.995,525 9,039,965 14,118,605 229.537 44.462 Total production, in tons, of principal crops for five years: Rye jTieat... Spelt ;• Barley ' Potatoes.'* Oats. . Hay. Wine (^■.) ^op8 Gbs.) . 10,588.312 4,333,519 504,950 3,422,440 47,230,372 9,274.517 31.606,223 35.976.994 1917 206.777 13,444,633 6,121,552 482,316 4.040,579 59,533,261 10,685,362 32,103,493 22,108,834 233,694 11,469,390 4,369,174 407,622 3,451,781 60,126,515 9,942,004 32,071,626 20,266.290 511,205 10,067,642 4,241,425 416,908 2,732,127 59,370,683 6,584,637 26,451,060 33,674,492 320,392 9,830,568 3,394,700 222,436 3.073,371 27,581,826 7,727.948 31,166,141 43,032,836 191.269 In 1913 there were in Germany ^«Je and 3,548,384 goats. 20,994,334 herd of cattle, 6,520,837 sheep, 25,659,146 t i r I 284 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Forestry : The following table shows the classification of forests in 1900 (area in acres): Crown Forests State Forests Forests in which State has share Communal Forests 1,687,565 Forests be- longing to associations Forests be- longing to foundations 27,355,805 183,948 Private Forests 13.943,458 1.890,871 1,303.018 27,688,280 Total 84,052.945 trppwli^' w^i area ^ven above about one-fourth is devoted to the culture of foliage trees (oaks, birches, ash), and three-fourths to the cultivation of pine, larch, fir, etc Fisheries : Baltif fi'sL'n^l2 5^^^^^^ 'xf T' ^^"^'^"^ ^ '''' ^^ ^'^^2,850, and of the mine hsheri^, $2,589,550. The value of the lake catch in 1912 was $104 204 Salt herring is the largest single item of the North Sea catch. =JiU4,^04. bait Manufaclures: Wni'r'^'"'*""°V'.'''^'i'^ developed. The textUe industries are especially important Woolens are manufactured in Barmen and Elberfeld and at Aachen (Aix la cCeUe ' We Vir''7' «ak and velvet manufacture, and in this respect rink n xt to S:^' France, as the most important producing center for these goods in Europe The ootTn ol'em,:;: h^ ^ .T" '''*''"'"^'^ •"'"'"' °° "• Alsace-Lraine, now^ed to F^e ^t-ilt^oftaS! """^ "^""^ "" ^""^"^' ' '"''-'- - ""— -^^ and i^lwKLl'nlr^edt ^^a^r ^"^ ^"'^^ '" ^"-'^' ^^^^ '^^ cente^SiurrEl'b^r^eT^'"^ ''"^'""Z '^'°"' ""> ""• ^« '^"''"^^ Wustrie, cenwr m btrassfurt, Elberfeld and Barmen, Bonn, Berlin, Leipzig and Stuttgart aocks ".t5;iir»; sr.^.-ii'rs ir-i--*"' - --■ '»"='* Kind of Industry Number of Es- tablishments Capital Invested Mines and foundries Stone and earthenware! Metal industries Machinery, tools, instnimentsi apparatus'. Soaps, oils, varnish Textiles Paper Leather Wood, cork, straw, horn', "etc". ." Foods, beveraees, tobacco Clothing and footwear Building yards Newspapers, books, engra^ng,' ' photic graph, etc Laundries, baths, cleaning," etc ." ! ! Other industries Total Horse Power Number of per- sons employed 4.275 21.708 25.334 23.291 2.911 3.776 17,400 4.391 3.163 38,723 97,985 51.914 14,221 8.912 4,302 2,218 324,524 $567. 62.5. 000 114,750,000 66.525,000 414.100.000 112.350.000 40.750.000 155.400.000 45.675.000 30.050.000 17,625.000 275,750.000 4,600,000 2,605.000 20.150,000 1 $1,867,955,000 2.332.968 503,682 443,224 ,215,512 192,905 77.265 886,373 412,908 85,304 346,024 1,185,819 30,028 189,117 35,110 7,936,239 1,196,786 647,608 680,107 1.173,481 180.568 81,819 956.076 199.014 120.802 453.823 713,918 431,126 276.892 200.197 55.583 18,373 7,386,173 GERMANY 285 Number and size of establishments and number of persons employed in all industries of Germany in 1907: Industrial groups Establishments employing — 1 to 5 persons Estab- liah- mentB Persons 6 to 50 persons Estab- lish- ments Persons 51 or more persons Estab- lish- ments Persons Horticulture and animal industries Horticulture Animal industries, in- cluding fisheries . . . Manuf'turing. industries Mining, metallurgy. Salt works Stones and eartiis. . . . Metal industries Machinery, instru- ments an d appara t us Chemical industries . . Charcoal, gas. candles, soap, oils, fats, var- nishes Textile industries .... Paper industry Leather industry .... Manufacturesofwood. cork, straw, horn, combs, brushes, um- brellas Foods, beverages, to- bacco Clothing and footwear Laundries.baths.ciean- ing and dyeing, bar- bersandhairdressers Building trades Tj-pe casting, wood engraving, printing, photography Art industnes Tradeandtransportation Trade Insurance , Transportation . . . . . Hotels, restaurants, public houses Total Estab- lish- ments Persons Music, theaters, public exhibitions Total , 49.200 30,845 18,355 1.870,261 2,432 27,835 133,611 79,285 7.723 3,538 122,039 14.810 45,668 183,839 277.589 664.514 121,894 162,079 12,368 11.037 1.204.737 790,778 22,304 80,392 311,263 21,936 96,378 68,754 27.624 3,200,282 4,903 62.359 272,187 136,516 18,033 7,966 172.058 28,225 83,961 327,148 615.847 926,751 186,916 315.309 26.796 15,307 2,056,916 1,299,939 27,048 142,019 587,910 29,657 3.146,134 5,383,233 3,970 3,730 240 187,074 1,159 16.869 16.080 11,798 2.264 2,227 lO.lOS 4.020 3,686 19,942 29.951 17,639 3.632 41,007 5,767 925 76,366 49,756 1,469 7,082 18.059 2,712 270,122 40,820 38,198 2,622 2,714.664 23,949 303,830 224,810 194,927 34,101 36.426 181.834 67.968 49,723 271,813 353,745 209.003 45,344 615,131 90,535 11,525 888.931 580,519 19,952 94,106 194,354 44,423 3.688.838 146 121 25 29,033 1.675 2,922 2,832 3,409 575 372 4,217 957 419 1,637 2,296 1.390 212 5,332 751 37 2,828 1.606 151 816 255 115 32.122 16,913 12,806 4,107 4.937,927 832.051 404,374 440,023 788,039 120.307 48.618 734,388 134.732 73.289 172,098 270,353 168,099 22,735 633,154 91,521 3,346 395,185 183,176 22,027 168.643 21,339 13,826 5,363.851 53.316 34.696 18,620 2,086,368 5.266 47.626 152.523 94.492 10.562 6,137 136,364 19.787 49.773 205.418 309.836 683.543 125,738 208,418 18,886 11,999 1.283,931 842,140 23,924 88.290 329,577 24,703 3,448.378 154.111 119.758 34.353 10.852.873 860.903 770.563 937.020 1,120.282 172,441 93.010 1 .088.280 230.925 206.973 771.059 1.239.945 1.303.853 254.995 1.563.594 208,852 30,178 3.341.032 2,063,634 69,027 404,768 803.603 87,906 14.435.922 '''^'^Isllt^ClmA^^ ^'^^^^^^ - '^^ -d-^^y= Owners, superintendents. ofH- Of /"^u^^^ ^^^^ ^^^' ^^ Germany, 53,448 distilleries which produced 85,455,480 gallons n iSQ^r '^^^'^ ^^"^ '"^ ^^^^' ^^^ ^""^ making establishments which produced 'J,188,583 bottles of wine. In the same year there were 1,311 tobacco factories with a production of 13,043,434,000 cigarettes; 341 beet sugar factories which produced 3,889,731 ns. There were also 135 cement factories with a production valued at $41,321,750, and "^f petroleum refineries with a production valued at $17,715,750. U •.t\ t 286 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS I i- I m •c 03 a u c & X) CO 1-H OS d ••14 g a .03 J3 03 a o (V O O O .•a o H .5 o « o S -J at ** « a H a o OS o 5 S 2 ;^ S 9 ;S 2 S ** « 92 <» '^ "* -^ »^ "c N ^ t- 1« CD ^ OSCCOO-hOos osooro lilSisiSiiS25gS22»3SSSS2 «o I-*** ^ 11 1-4 CI c< o> 00,00 OS -^r o «5 (N 5 OS N CO w lo »H r- « " cl ^^ ^ 2 CO o r^ -<• CO c« f-i MSi-l CON O>00 (Ot» p^NO«oco^>oeoi-ic»t* gpiiiss2=|g$gsg2sa§gs5|| O>0C0C«i-i CI ^ r«^ 1^- GQ [S-^ S.85 I 8?^. J •T! 5-a 21 eo i"^i-sed Baggage cars Coaches Locomotives and other engines 459,286 207,762 18,673 65,961 29,990 Capacity 6,163,637 tons 2,639,090 tons Telegraphs: In 1913 there were 50,013 telegraph stations in the German Empire of which 38,509 were in the Imperial Postal District (Reichspost gebiet), 9,136 in Bavaria, and 2,368 in Wurttemberg. There were 147,864 mUes of telegraph Unes distributed as follows: Reichspost gebiet (Imp. Postal District) Bavaria ; . ^^'artf emberg ..!.........................'" Telephones: There were 1,387,300 telephones in Germany in 1913 of which 1,221,900 were m the Reichspost gebiet, 115,000 in Bavaria, 50,400 in Wiirttemberg. The urban systems had 121.148 19,626 7 190 I 288 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS ^(Zr^."' '"^ '""' '•'''•''' ™'- °' ^- The iaterurban syatema had 840.993 Language : German is universally used throughout Germany. Money: CuJn'Ty^'Thl.^rToo'pSt*^: »ark w.^h par value of «,.238 United States silver, ^%JriZrp^^Z^^::^\r.'^\TZl f -'•'^-'^P-oes; coins are of smaller denominations. ' ""^ ^ P'*"'"^ P'""=*^- B"'"^^ Weights and Measures: The metric system of weights and measures is universally employed. Shipping Routes: American Line. Kerr S. S. Co. Barber S. S. Lines, Inc. Customs Tariff: Under the tariff law, specific duties are imposed according to weight THp H„f,. • Consular Regulations: Cable Rates: From New York or New England states, $0.25 per word Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: 9 days from New York. Parcels Post: Service extends to Germany. Money Orders: Issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. GIBRALTAR spanth^S^LiTor:^^^^^^^^ settled most of whom a:, descendents of Spanish anTltlSir^ttir ' '"™'"""' /or r sCinttX:! tr ,; ssrmto'^: "— r -- ^ ^•>'««^ xrr^^aLtLi^ S"r "?^r- '"-?" ^ rinthia . Arcadia Laoonia Measenia Euboea Cyclades Corfu Cephalonia Zante Lariflsa Tiikkala Aita Total old territory . 407,063 174,674 188,597 254,728 153,172 162,324 148,628 218,514 116,903 130,378 140,757 71,235 42,502 197,808 183,489 52,441 Divisions of New Territory Departments Population (Proviaiooal Census 1913) Macedonia: Salonica . . Serree. . . . Drama . . . Kozani . . . Fiorina. .. Epirus: Yanina. 2,643,109 Aegean Islands: Mytilene Chios , Samoa Canea Heraolion (Candia) Sjakia Lasithion Rethymnoe 506,571 135,284 204,404 206.307 142,336 245,618 182,167 73.830 68,949 Total new territories. 77,159 110,014 25,027 62,611 61,339 1,194.902 245,618 324.946 356.150 2,101,616 Population of the principal cities and towns of Greece: Old Greece: 167,479 73,579 37,724 27.397 Volo.... Larissa. . Trikkala. Pyrgos. . 23,563 18,041 17,809 13,690 Zante .... Calamata . Chalcis.. . TripoUtsa . 13,580 15,397 10,958 10,958 Laurium Syra (Hermou- polis) 10.007 18,132 New Territory: Salonica. Candia. . Canea. . . CavalU. . 157,889 25,185 24,399 23.378 Serres. . Yanina. Verria.. Drama. 18,668 16,804 13,812 12,903 Fiorina . Ko*ani . Retymo Vodena . 10,155 9.408 9.086 8.846 Commerce Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Greece for eleven years: Year Ended June 30 1909.. 1910. !?"••• 1913. 1914..; 1915.. 1916. 1917.." 1918..; 1919. • EXPOBTS Domestic Foreign Total Impobts Free $1,235,743 424,145 607,415 957,300 1.212,148 1,112,676 22.910.665 30.170,179 20,659,307 2,452,730 $1,554 5,525 19.905 9.341 4,047 10,835 588,981 869,493 201,338 121.152 Dutiable Total $1,237,297 429.670 627,320 966,641 1,216,195 1,123,511 23,499,646 31,039,672 20,860,645 2.573,882 22,908.250 $351,713 450,951 421,600 652,640 352,485 490,727 698,095 2,178,549 2,343,939 677,544 Per Cent. Free Excess of Exports (♦) or Imports (-) $2,030,489 2,192,054 2,711,449 3,170,726 2,827.331 3.375,867 3,527,908 6,960,385 5,079,526 17,803,888 $2,382,202 2,643,005 3,133,049 3,823,366 3.179,816 3.866,594 4,226,003 9,138,934 7,423,465 18,481,432 22,876.904 14.76 17.06 13.46 17.07 11.09 12.69 16.52 23.84 31.57 3.67 -$1,144,905 -2,213,335 -2,505,729 -2.856.725 -1,963,621 -2,743,083 ♦19.273,643 ♦21,900,738 ♦13.437,180 -15,907,550 ♦31.346 4 if II 292 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Total foreign trade of Greece for seven years Year Imports Exports Total 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1917 $30,983,539 33.487,506 30.427.754 35.331.127 34.475.313 77.091.696 39,440.692 $27,902,216 27,194.211 28,209.439 22.967.212 23,547,007 32,8,'>2,564 21.191.911 $58,885,755 60.681,717 68.637.193 68,298.339 58.022.320 109.944,260 60.632.603 Imports into Greece during 1916 and 1917. (The latest available statistics) : Articles 1916 1917 Articles 1916 1917 Agricultural products Animal products $37,786,221 1,293,536 5.301,791 6,7Q7,620 561,527 1,941,251 1.500.426 4e.310 395.596 1.310,867 174.765 $19.22.5.306 788.795 2.432.428 4,9^3,199 351.305 962,672 297.272 79.045 114,623 976.019 131.311 Metals and minerals crude $7,321,183 1.473.439 486,814 2.548.200 452.929 6.482.426 115.560 309,109 886,127 $774,414 Chemical products Metals and minerals, man- ufactured Oil and oil substances. . . . Paper products and ob- jects of art Cotton yarns and fabrics. . . Esparto and hat-making material Fish and fish products 454,020 227,855 1.404.185 328,219 3.989,440 Forest oroducts Scientific apparatus Sugar and sugar products Tannery materials and dyes Furniture and other wooden articles Glassware and pottery 69,536 446,480 1.474,465 Leather and manufactures of Wines and liquors All other articles Live stock Total 77.091.696 39.440.692 Exports from Greece during the same period: Articles 1916 1917 Articles 1916 1917 Agricultural products Animal products Chemical products Cotton yarns and fabrics . . Esparto and hat-making material Fish and fish products Forest products Glassware and pottery Leather and manufactures of Live stock Metals and minerals, crude. $17,575,356 3.609,329 254.407 5,196 1,400 125.445 1.287,841 5,936 16.722 695 2,636.962 $10,402,709 1,318,925 40,071 270 21.944 380,241 2 6.116.308 Metals and minerals, man ufactured Oil and oil substances. . . , Paper products and ob- jects of art Sugar and sugar products Tannery materials and dyes Wines and liquors All other articles Total $240,184 4,734.877 3.936 1,401 148.512 2,097,003 103.362 32.852.564 $1,848,281 3,227 76.567 962.983 20,383 211,91,911 Imports of goods into Greece, classified by countries of origin: Country 1913 1914 United States ' $549,895 8,102,960 188,937 5,629,246 411.968 547.676 2,037,792 2,571,089 62,599 1,249.127 765.694 414.209 6.831.785 694,896 839,660 $2,684,439 9,232.562 313.418 5,924.401 496.853 577.199 2.165.700 2,690.146 100.780 1,794.459 766.307 494.191 5.163,213 905.458 1,166.181 England Egypt Austria-Hungary Belgium Bulgaria France Germany Switzerland Italy Netherlands Rumania Russia Turkey Other countries Total _i_L_ $34,341,127 $34,475^3 GREECE 293 Imports classified by principal articles: Articles 1913 Animals, hving Animal products, hides, etc . . . Fisheries, products Agricultural products ','.*.'.', Oils, etc * * ' Lumber and forest products. Vegetable dyes and tanning. . . . . . Minerals and metals .'....' Drugs and chemicals Shell and bone products. ........ Furniture and wooden ware. . Sugar, jams, confectionery, etc Wines and liquors Thread and textiles ........ Esparto, hemp, hats. etc. ... . Glassware and pottery ' ' Metal works Musical and scientific instruments Paper and paper products .... Miscellaneous Total. Exports classified by principal articles : $2,466,909 1,021,872 1.785,250 9,168.584 295.302 2.575,186 113.043 6,102.409 1,562.146 535.910 35.151 1.647,162 82,013 3,524.404 288.864 348.714 1,139,253 156.917 793,565 698,466 $34,341,127 Articles •Animals, living Animal products, ]ndea, etc.' '. '. rishenes products. Agricultural products'.' ." .' .' .' ." .' .' Ous, etc Lumber and forestry products. Vegetable dyes and tanning. Minerals and metals ." S.™n ' a^lchemicals \', Shell and bone products Pumiture and woodenware ^ar, jams, confectionery, etc Wjnes and liquors ... Jkread and tertiles'. '.'.'..'. tjsparto. hemo. hats, etc. . .'.' .' .' Paper and paper products. . " " •niscellaneous . 1913 Total. $48,891 884,227 75,428 11.423,948 1,702,966 782,706 100 3,920,854 245,440 8.246 • ••••■••■a 9,739 4,145,617 4.502 231 1,207 53,946 2.451 57.908 $22,967,212 Exports of goods from Greece, classified by countries of destination: Country United States... t°Kland Austria-Hungary. tetany ^JtWlanda'.V.::; Turkey' 1913 0th, w countries . Total $1,787,825 5.491.932 1,673,393 2.467.744 1.666,424 174,408 2,627,605 2,350,946 314,318 729.585 1.832.277 158.770 648.342 265,169 697.008 $22,967,212 1914 $420,419 763,598 1.710.962 9,135.848 229.140 2.774.029 110.729 6.700.716 1,566,749 488.656 24.867 1.830.127 25.625 4,873,123 275.745 461.209 1.393.471 219,480 674,551 795,271 »34,475.313 1914 $7,623 876,863 107.117 11.915.679 2.764.293 656.292 30.216 3.405.293 190,772 736 2.449 17.000 3.260.166 11.492 48 382 342.607 2.924 54,887 $23,547,007 1914 $3,346,462 7.287.502 1,986.704 1,067,773 781.995 55,904 1.845,908 1.525.837 165.788 2,305.135 1.790,949 107,989 413,816 263.011 602,231 $23,547,007 tl ■\ 294 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Production and Industry The principal industry of Greece is agriculture, and the total area under cultivation aggregates 5,392,038 acres. Of this total, 2,296,922 acres are under cereal crops, 207 027 acr^ are under vegetables, 99,766 acres are under garden produce, 121,289 acres are u^der fodder, 174,347 acres are under plants used for industrial purposes, 329,952 acres are under raisins, and 162,735 acres are under currants. Of the cereals planted, wheat, barley, rye and maize are the most important; some rice IS grown m Greek Macedonia in the vicinity of Salonica. The principal money crop is the currant, the yield in 1918 being 123,000 tons. There is, however, a law estabhshing a Imutation of the production of currants and the acreage is being considerably reduced Next m importance to the currant crop is the oUve. In 1918 the total harvest of olive fruit amounted to 140,000,000 gaUons, and the production of oil to 35,248,200 gallons Of this total, 1,865,000 gaUons of oil were produced in the Ionian Islands, 15,666,000 gaUoM m Crete, 7,460,000 gaUons in Mj-tilene and the Sporade Islands, 932,500 gaUons in Epirus 7,087,000 gaUons in the Peloponnesus and 2.238,800 gaUons in the Greek mainland. The fig industry centers at the port of Calamata. The citrus fruit crop in 1918 wm as foUows: 49 000,000 oranges, of which 22,000,000 were produced in Crete, 6,000,000 in ^^^i^^*^' .^^'^'^ ^ Laced^mon (Sparta), 8,000,000 in Messina (Calamata)- 51,000,000 mandarmes, of which 35,000,000 were produced in Crete and 16,000 000 were produced m Hermioni, (Poros), and Laconia (Leonidion); 35,500,000 lemons, of which liT;^- ^^^. produced in Hermioni (Poros), 6,000,000 in the Cyclades (Andros), and ^o^Tn"" ^""^ (Korysto). Other crops are nuts, 4,486,180 pounds in 1918; tobacco, 48,699,600 pounds m 1918, as compared with 102,275,700 pounds in 1917; wine, 10.566 800 gaUons m 1918. » » > In 1914 there were in Greece, 149,000 horses, 79,500 mules, 132,800 asses, 300,000 head of cattle, 3,546,600 sheep, 227,180 pigs and 2,638,000 goats. ..r. ^«"^J^*^® ^ i'^ a backward condition; the implements in use in aU Greece comprise 160 thj-ashers, 1,200 reapers and 100,000 plows. Recently the government ordered in the Umted States fifteen motor plows and 200 fuUy equipped tractors. Two agricultural naachinery factones m Volo have an annual production of 15,000 to 19,000 plows, 500 thrashers, 200 hand presses, 40 presses for oUve oU and 60 raisin presses. There are in Greece 2,213 large or smaU factories, employing a total of 36,124 hands. Of these, 1,188 smaU concerns employ a total of 3,579 hands; 743 are moderate concerns cmploymg 8,845 hands; and 282 are large concerns employing a total of 23,700 hands. Among the 232 busmesses which represent principaUy the large industries, spinning and weavmg factones, which number twenty-eight in aU, with 10,004 hands, are most prominent. Next come seventy-two factories or mUls for the preparation of various kinds of provisions, ^th 3,665 hands; twenty^ight engineering works, with 2,003 employees; twenty-three chemical works, with 1,890 hands; sixteen tanneries andleather working factories, with 776 hands, and other smaUer factories engaged in various industries Of the 282 large factories, 222, with 17,841 hands, belong to old Greece, and the other sixty, with 5,859 hands, belong to the new provinces (which were acquired after the BaUaui war, VIZ., Eastern Macedonia, Epirus, Crete, Mytilene, Chios, etc.). The total value of the 2,213 factories amounts to 260,363,647 drachmas ($50,250,181), and then- total annual returns are estimated at 372,294,308 drachmas ($71,852 801). Of the latter total the smaU factories are responsible for 106,550,025 drachmas ($20,564,155), krger factories for 250,794,810 drachmas ($48,403,398), and the large factories for 314,940,- 473 drachmas ($60,783,511). Ahnost one-half of the value of the annual products of the 282 large factories is derived from the twelve large flour miUs. GREECE 295 With regard to the motive power, 570 of the factories are driven by steam power 583 by electricity, 326 by hydrauUc power, 308 by gas and 935 by petroleum (oU en^es ) According to the industrial census of 1917, Greece had at that time 132 mUls and mechamcal workshops. The foUowing fist divides them among the diflFerent departments and presents a few figures indicating their importance : ' Industrial estabUshments in the several provinces: Department Number of Mills Number of Workmen Attica-Beotia . Achaia-Elis. . , Messenia. . . . . Larissa Trikala Drama Salonica Corfu Cycladea Canea Heraklion. . . . Samoa Lesbos Total. 92 2.032 10 171 3 20 2 216 1 2 1 2 9 107 1 14 5 150 3 32 1 5 1 9 3 40 132 2,800 Value of Value of Plants Products $2,994,995 $3,891,459 142,048 221,467 19,493 16,405 217,125 511,450 1,544 2,316 1,544 1.930 95,728 131.433 6.176 7,816 264,603 342.550 61,760 19.300 4,825 4,825 3,860 1.968 30,089 10,576 $3,843,790 $5,163,495 About 70 per cent, of the business enterprises which use machinery, with plants and products of a value amounting to 80 per cent, of the total, are concentrated in the Provinces of Attica-Beotia, the center of Greek industry. The workshops of Volo (Larissa) which turn out tools and machinery for agricultm-aJ pmposes, are also deserving of mention, as are ^h^> .K "^^ (Cyclad^), and Patra^ (Achaia-EUs). The Province of Salonica d^es not exhibit the figures which the geographical position of its capital would lead one to expect Ihere is no doubt, however, that mechanical industry in Salonica is shortly to enter upon an era of rapid development. ^ Of the mnety-two mUls and workshops of Attica-Beotia, nine are foundries and three are shipyards. For power, forty-seven use electricity, nineteen steam, thirteen an inferior quahty of gas, and six use petroleum. There is, therefore, a total of eighty power plants the remammg twelve estabhshmente being smaU and not requiring power. According to the latest industrial census, hydrauUc horsepower developed thus far producers 1,095 horsepower, cotton, woolen, and thread nnUs 3,288 horeepower, tanneries 10 horsepower, sawmUls 16 horsepower. The whole amount is but one-tenth of thepotential hydrauhc power o the country. Indeed, it is officiaUy stated that steps are soon to be taken to make Greece s lakes and rivers yield 66,000 horsepower, apportioned as foUows- Horsepo wer Axbs RhS^°' '^^ ^*^ ^''^'' "^'^ '^'^^ ^"^^ '"' ^»d°^°' Vodena, and the Divies River Aliakmon River Moussa FaUs Verria Falls gorKopotamoa River Reneos River Str>'mon River (probably)V. '. ". '. ther falls and nvers (to be used by small business in kll parts' of the countrj;)'.' 34,000 40,000 3,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 3,500 3.500 10,000 The larger sources of power are to be worked either by the state itself or by companies w which grants are to be made for one of three different periods of time. i t 296 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS The power obtained is to be used chiefly in the production of high tension electric current for manufacturers and also for supplying light to certain cities. To carry out these plans it wiU be necessary to import large quantities of dynamos, transformers, transmission systems, and general accessory equipment. There are at present 282 petroleum motors in use in Greece. The mineral resources of Greece are extensive; the Laurium district of Thessaly, the Aegean islands, and various other parts of Greece are worked by about forty companies Mineral production in 1916 included 10,868 tons of chromite, 21,858 tons of emery, 93,438 tons of iron, 899 tons of manganese iron, 21,863 tons of iron pyrites, 104,959 tons of lead 219,432 tons of magnesite, 11,293 tons of nickel, 28,438 tons of zinc, 26,974 tons of salt and in 1917, 168,564 tons of lignite. The following figures show the mineral production of Greece for 1916 and 1917, the latest periods for which statistics are available: GREECE 297 Raw Ores Ores 1916 1917 Output Amount sold Value Average price per ton Output Amount sold Value Average price per ton Bitumen Metric tons 39 9.880 62 19.871 818 84.985 19,876 95,418 116,946 199,484 3,600 10,267 21,619 25,853 Metric tons 21 10.447 563 19,950 $965 172.041 8,725 471.599 »45.95 16.46 15.49 23.63 Metric tons 43 6.750 Metric tons 37 9,600 $6,114 283,276 Chrome ore $165.24 Copper 29.50 J^mery Ferromanganese 16.440 509 63.364 17.240 3.050 70.343 10.469 684 157,306 94.934 400.508 9.565 169.590 33,425 5.533 1.631.040 806.560 23.23 Iron 52,755 11,496 2,327 109,225 145.538 108.098 47.094 15.572 832.506 1.036.370 2.04 4.09 6.68 7.62 7.12 3.13 Iron pyrites 2.41 Lead 36.558 157,956 162,938 3.18 Lignite 8.08 Magnesite 10.36 Manganese 8.49 Nickel Sulphur ore l'3.4i2 104.435 7.72 1,598 9,535 14.290 10,248 76.223 7.43 Zmc 1.820 14,924 8.20 1.334 22.129 16.58 Total 608.718- 367.554 2,812.329 469.981 375,245 3.443,953 Furnace Products Arsenic acid 436 1.422 4.287 9,820 294 2.051 6.047 11.062 127.545 348.365 180.249 440.052 Lead, pig 9.424 21,326 8,606 10.144 22.943 7,782 102 14,658 1,651,606 701,145 253.113 3,847 384,508 162.00 30.00 32.00 37.00 26.00 433.00 Magnesite calcined. . . Magnesite dead burnt. Magne.site bricks 169.00 29.00 39.00 Zmc calcined All other li2,6i2 833 7,258 120 6.075 1.313 217,732 42.78 Total 52,801 55,627 2,994,219 23,343 < 25,842 1.313.943 Marbles and Qtiarry Products Gypsum 356 341 358 251 1.321 33.292 8.564 598 13,057 4.184 713.388 3.377 1.66 52.01 3.16 21.42 .39 44 173 48 390 4.070 39,240 5,028 252 22.059 2,674 1.378.999 1.941 Marbles 5.25 Millstones (pieces) 56.53 .65 Salt ......... 34.522 8.564 45,560 Santorin earth 35.14 .38 Total 734.604 1,405,925 Grand total 6.541,152 6.163.821 Railways, Roads, Canals: There are about 1,360 miles of railway; 3,000 miles of road. The canal across the Isthmus of Corinth is four miles in length. Telegraphs and Telephones, Post Offices: Length of telegraph line, 5,378 miles; length of wire 10,135 miles; offices, 795 There are six urban telephone systems, with 1,440 miles of Une and 5,000 miles of wire. There were 1,342 post offices in 1914. Money, Weights and Measures: .n J^^ "^^ ""^ currency is the drachma of 100 cepta, having, like the franc, a par value of uu u ?u '?!*"'' ^^^^'^ °^ "^^'^^^ ^''^ measures is principally used in foreign commerce, although the old system is used locaUy. The principal units of the old system are the oke of 2 87 pounds; the slater of 123.20 pounds; the Venetian pound or livre of 1.05 pounds: the banl (of wine) 19.59 gaUons, the pike of 27 inches, the stremma (plural strenunata) of 0.2427 acres. Language: The Greek language is exclusively employed throughout the country, but fopeim correspondence is conducted in French. Consular Representatives: United States consular officials are stationed at Athens, Patras and Saloniki. Consular officials of Greece are stationed at San Francisco, Chicago, New Orleans. Boston, Detroit, St. Louis, New York City, Philadelphia, Norfolk, Seattle. Shipping Routes: American-Mediterranean-Levant Line. Fumess-Prince Line. Cunard Line. Phelps Line. Customs Tariff: The customs tariff of Greece enumerates many classifications of goods on which specific duties, based upon weight, are levied. There is a general (maximum) and conventional (mmimum) tariff. The United States has a commercial treaty with Greece containing a^ most favored nation" clause, which entitles certain products to the benefit of the reduced Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required. Cable Rates: Thirty-six cents per word, from New York or New England states. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Via Paris, twelve days. Parcel Post: Service extends to Greece. Limit of weight 11 pounds. Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. 298 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS HUNGARY (See Map, Page 218) P 1 \ ""T!?" T^ ^^*^™ '^''*^ ^""^P^ ^"'^^^^ ^y ^'^^r Jugoslavia, Austria, Poland and the Ukraine. UntU the close of the Great War it fonned part of the Austro^ Hunganan Empire. Hungary is primarily an agricultural country and one of the most important wheat producing regions in Europe. After wheat, rye, barley, oats, com and tobacco are the prmcipal crops. Agriculture is, in general, carried on in a very scientific way and the ««e of modem equipment is extensive. About one-quarter of the former territory of Hungary is covered by forests, chiefly located in the Carpathian Mountains. In general the lack of proper communication has hindered the development of the lumbering industry with the exception of that carried on in certain parts of Transylvania, which region Hun- gary has lost as a result of the war. There are large areas of pasture land in Hungary and cattle raismg and horse breeding are important. Second to agriculture, mining is the most important industry of Hungary The chief products are coal, gold, silver, iron, and salt, which latter is extensively mined in Iransylvama, the mmes formerly being operated by a state monopoly. The manufacturing industries in Hungary have not been extensively developed and ettorts to create a large and independent native industry date only from 1867 To a very great extent the development of manufacturing industries has been due to state aids^ such aa exemption from taxation and reduced railway tariffs for manufacturing products. The prmcipal manufacturing industries are those connected with agriculture and mining, and the production of textiles. Among these the most important are flotir milling brewmg and distilUng, the manufacture of beet root sugar, iron foundries and steel plants, saw-mills, paper miUs, and agricultural implement factories. The production of textiles and agncultural implements is insufficient for the requirements of the country, and large quantities of these, as weU as all other manufactured goods, are annually imported . is Bu'^^ P[^^^P*^ commercial city and only important manufacturing center of Hungary Hungary is traversed by a fairly extensive system of raOways, which touch all the more maportant centres of production in the country. Under the former Austro-Hungarian admmistration the so-called zone raOway tariff was instituted with the object of providing cheap tanff for long distance transportation. This system did much to promote the trathc m Hungary s railways and was in part responsible for their development. Hungar>''s on y direct outlet to the sea is the port 6f Fiume, which by the terms of the Peace Treaty with Austna was separated from the former Austro-Hungarian territories HUNGARY 299 The per capita imports of Hungary in 1912 amounted to $24.75. Of the imports in that year 71 per cent, came from Austria, and 9 per cent, from Germany, which were the two most important countries in Hungary's import trade. The large percentage of imports attributed to Austria includes, besides Austrian products, foreign goods imported by Austria and then re-exported to Hungary. • Area and Population No exact statistics are yet obtainable for the area and population of Hungary as determined by the Peace Conference. The area of Hungary proper in the former dual empire was 109,188 square miles. Its population in 1910 was 18,142,200, with a density of 166 to the square mile. The principal cities and towns in former Hungarian territory with their population are as follows: City Population City Pulation Budapest Ssegedin Siabadka Debrecsen Z&g&ih (Zagreb) PoMony Temesvir 880,371 118.328 94.610 92.729 79.038 78.223 72,555 Kecskemet Nagy Varad Araa H6dmezd V^drhely Kolozsviir U jpest 66.834 64.169 63.166 62.445 60.808 55,197 Commerce United States statistics of foreign commerce until 1920 included trade with Hungary under the classification of trade with Austria-Hungary. For the value of this trade in 1919, see page 220. Foreign trade of Hungary by countries of origin and destination in 1911 and 1912: 1911 1912 Countries Impobts Exports Total Imports ExPORTd Total Austria Germany United Kingdom .... Bosnia and Heraegovina Rumania Italy ; . $310,276,000 38,121,000 8,608.000 5,260,000 5,979,000 4,728,000 8,189,000 10,533,000 5.046.000 4,769,000 962.000 2,099,000 2,415.000 708.000 1.100,000 904,000 986,000 830,000 1.466.000 1.254,000 1.919,000 1.014,000 640,000 264,000 4,617.000 $282,662,000 25,876.000 7,816,000 9,823,000 5,747,000 9,122.000 2,887.000 1.902.000 4,511.000 2.632,000 3.134,000 2.503,000 2,124,000 1,715,000 1.109,000 979,000 320,000 1,153,000 825,000 252,000 206,000 31,000 623,000 503.000 3,134,000 $592,938,000 63,997.000 16,424.000 15.083,000 11.726,000 13,850,000 11,076.000 12,435,000 9,557,000 7,401,000 4,096,000 4,602,000 4,539,000 2,423.000 2,209,000 1.883,000 1,306,000 1.983.000 2.291.000 1.506,000 2,125,000 1,045,000 1,263,000 767.000 7,751,000 $321,483,000 42,241,000 8,927,000 6,676,000 8,954.000 5,571,000 10,960,000 9,838,000 5,310,000 4,254,000 1,882,000 2.220,000 2,816,000 1.553,000 952,000 1,176,000 1,871,000 1,038,000 1,523,000 1,528,000 1,347,000 1.152.000 778.000 240.000 4.775,000 $293,756,000 28.676,000 13.188,000 9,973,000 6.835,000 9,065,000 3,382,000 2,388,000 4,580,000 3.160,000 3.955,000 2,639,000 1,757,000 2,912,000 1.727,000 1.411,000 492.000 1.289.000 668,000 299.000 404,000 27.000 392,000 673.000 4.804.000 $615,239,000 70.917,000 22,115,000 16,649,000 15,789,000 14,636,000 14,342,000 12,226.000 9,890.000 7,414,000 5.837.000 4.859.000 4.573.000 4.465.000 2.679.000 United States British East Indies... France . . . Serbia.... Turkey in Europe . . . Switserland Russia Bulgaria .[ Turkey in Asia Egypt Argentina Netherlands Belgium 2.587,000 2.363,000 2,327,000 2,191.000 1.827.000 1.751.000 1.179,000 Trieste free port putchEals'tlndiei'!.' ^»»n . . . Greece '.'/, 1,170.000 913.000 9.679.000 All other countries... Total $422,687,000 $371,589,000 $794,276,000 $449,065,000 $398,452,000 $847,517,000 I :f?5 I 300 W EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Value of principal articles of import for five years: Articles Cotton cloth . . . Woolen cloth. . .',' Leather Coal ^rn BpotB and shoes of leather. . . Men's clothing Body linen '.'.'., Cotton, raw. ...'..'.'.'.".* Rice, uncleaned ....'. Hides and skins. .......* Furniture of wood Coffee ■ ■ * Knit goods of cotton. ! Cotton yarn . siikcioi.. .: Iron blooms, biliets.' knd bar^ '. Women's clothing Agricultural machinery. '. '. .' .' .* [ Wood, sawn Mmeral oils, crude . Pig iron Meat, fresh... ::; Coke Tobacco, leaf..': Men's hats . . Wine Lrn?n"}fb^rtr.-. Sacks of jute or linen Sugar, refined . Oilseeds " Heat motors and paxts SemisUken cloth... Wool Diamonds..!!!;.*;; Hollow glass . . ; Sheet and plate gia^'.*.*.' .* bheet iron, sheet steel . UoWsmith's wares Soap ; Books ;; Metal working mwhineVy' I^namos and electric motors ' ' Silversmiths' wares Chocolate... Woolen yarn.;::; Sulphate of copper Musical instruments Candy ;;; Jute, raw Cotton thread for retail triide: ; C/Otton embroidery Nails Meat, prepaid.;: Phosphate rock Wood: Rough , Hewn. , Fruits, fresh Beer All other articles . 1908 $38,359,000 22,380,000 10,817.000 9,440.000 192,000 4.785.000 4,579.000 3.911,000 3.179.000 4,682,000 3,600,000 4,189,000 3.549,000 4,661,000 5,188,000 3,207,000 2,964,000 2,909,000 2,614,000 3,163,000 1,296.000 2.161.000 817.000 2,850,000 3,018.000 2.575.000 1,852.000 2.082.000 2,706,000 2.406.000 1,519.000 2,388.000 2,379.000 1.396.000 854,000 1.767.000 1.298.000 1,827.000 1,618.000 1,148.000 1.556,000 90.=i,000 1.278,000 1,490.000 996.000 1,032.000 1,244.000 846.000 1,193,000 842,000 1,134,000 852.000 1.220.000 1.532.000 664.000 1.035,000 801.000 664.000 1.094.000 1.422.000 1.132.000 1,001.000 117.443.000 1909 140,970,000 27,3,37,000 12.378,000 10,581,000 587,000 5.004.000 5.145.000 4.766.000 3,525,000 4,315,000 3,501,000 4,179,000 3,739,000 6,081,000 5,264,000 3,734,000 2,066,000 3,479,000 2,639.000 3,234,000 1.634.000 2.167.000 629.000 2.596.000 2.905.000 2,609,000 1.565,000 2,401,000 2,769.000 2,467,000 1.698.000 2,149.000 2,495.000 2,126.000 1,342.000 2,156.000 2.071,000 2.030.000 1.-596,000 1.284,000 1,379.000 1.457,000 1.336.000 1,642,000 829,000 1,475,000 1,557,000 l,a36.000 1,464.000 485.000 1.289.000 943,000 1,218.000 1.593.000 880.000 1,132,000 815.000 942,000 1,182,000 1,036,000 1.748.000 936.000 148,584,000 1910 $39,490,000 29,705,000 13,948.000 8.541.000 661.000 5,317,000 5,885.000 5,482.000 3.821,000 4.718,000 4,109,000 6,332,000 4,217,000 4,667,000 6.634,000 3,817,000 1,949,000 3,812,000 3,276.000 3,573,000 2,306,000 1,694,000 520,000 2,365.000 3,182,000 2,768,000 2,253.000 2,692.000 3,209,000 2,759.000 1,878.000 2.382.000 2.761.000 2.305.000 1,762,000 2,285,000 2,171,000 2,a30.000 1,675.000 1,657,000 1.457.000 1.859.000 1,494.000 1.751.000 783.000 1.311,000 1,600.000 1,366.000 1,642,000 625,000 1.439,000 1.066.000 1.142.000 1,718.000 1,223.000 1,278,000 i,oa5.ooo 1,059,000 1,035,000 1.227,000 1,425,000 861.000 145.273,000 1911 141,343.000 27.432.000 15.843.000 11,092.000 1,402.000 6,254.000 6.622.000 5.926.000 4,299,000 5,062,000 5,502,000 6.346,000 4,970.000 4.567.000 6,025,000 3,787,000 2,691,000 4.084,000 3,487.000 4,227.000 2.790.000 2.265,000 3.187.000 2,549,000 3,312.000 3,030.000 1.949.000 2.917,000 3,390.000 2.983,000 2.212.000 2.734,000 2.416,000 3,156.000 2.053,000 2,394.000 2,210,000 2,350,000 1.824,000 1,770.000 1,766,000 2,309,000 1.947,000 1.946,000 1,295.000 1,565.000 1,830.000 1,708,000 1.607.000 902.000 1.639.000 1.279.000 1.987.000 1,787,000 1,619,000 1.397.000 1,343.000 1,265,000 $376,041,000 1,461,000 1,630,000 1,413.000 1,319,000 165,323.000 1912 $40,100,000 25,495.000 15.387.000 13.205,000 8.440.000 8,299.000 7.157.000 5.742,000 5,629,000 5,373.000 5,212.000 5,190.000 5,140.000 5.109,000 4,883,000 4,400.000 4,325.000 4,299,000 4.278.000 4,228,000 3,995.000 3.636,000 3,368,000 3,355.000 3,218.000 3,186.000 3.184.000 3,154.000 3.087 .000 2,069,000 3,034.000 3.010,000 2.859.000 2.543,000 2.627,000 2.445,000 2.419,000 2,350.000 2.147,000 2,122,000 2.120.000 2.105.000 2,083,000 2.032,000 1.904,000 1.872,000 1.837,000 1.825.000 1,812,000 1.804,000 1.711.000 1.7O4.000 1.688.000 1,603.000 1,596.000 1,477,000 1.456,000 1,443,000 1.399.000 1,357.000 1.313,000 1.269.000 170.853.000 $422,687,000 $449,065,000 HUNGARY Value of principal articles of export for five years: Articles Flour, wheat groats Oxen Wheat xl0^8 ..•.•.•.•...•••...... Wine Sugar, unrefined Rye Barley Wood, sawn Gate Sugar, refined Corn Horses Eggs Cows Hides and skins Leather Cotton cloth Poultr>', killed , Tobacco, leaf Steers Rice, cleaned Woolen cloth Meat, fresh Wool Beans Cotton yarn Lard Wood, rough Fodder meal Milk ; Bacon Poultry, live Iron ore Bed feathers Hemp Clover seed Fruits, fresh Paper pulp Boots and shoes of leather. . . Butter Fatty oils ; Furniture of wood Starch ; Hay and straw Staves of hard wood Sugar beets ; Agricultural machinery ...!.! frushmakers' wares Malt Mineral water.'.!!!!!!;;;;;; Sausages .... s^raw ;;;;;:;;;;; Sheet iron, sheet steel S'Pedoes ^narcoal Bran ;;;;;;;*;'; Potatoes .::!!!!!!:;;; jron blooms, bi'Uets,' and bare '. All other articles . : ::;;;;;;*; 1908 1909 Total, $45,955,000 18,177.000 21,039,000 14,716.000 5,849.000 2,621.000 8,552.000 10,619,000 9,292,000 6,002,000 8,890,000 11,822.000 5,137,000 7,323.000 2.793.000 3.815.000 5.220.000 4.835.000 4,009.000 4,440.000 2.356,000 2,539,000 2.324.000 2,874.000 3,678,000 2,465,000 3,070,000 2,796.000 1,42.5.000 2.020,000 1,474,000 1.629.000 2.118,000 2.351.000 2.008.000 1,385.000 1,. 380,000 2,298,000 1,694,000 1.203.000 1,901,000 768,000 1,189.000 952.000 989.000 1.216,000 311,000 680,000 857.000 1.332.000 1,070.000 874.000 886.000 1,100,000 746,000 984,000 1.222.000 352.000 1,048,000 131.000 58.746.000 $321,643,000 $52,755,000 22.040.000 14,637.000 20,921.000 7,035,000 2,323,000 8,639.000 9,767,000 8,924,000 8,164,000 6,965,000 12,465,000 6,397,000 7,418,000 4,796,000 5,264,000 4,764,000 4,773.000 4.504.000 4.694.000 2.683,000 3.043.000 2.642.000 3.303.000 3,930.000 3,989,000 2,306.000 2.928.000 1,294,000 2,094.000 1,706.000 1,985.000 2.178.000 2.289.000 1,924,000 1,366.000 1,495.000 2,302,000 1,263,000 1,267,000 2.050,000 1,130,000 1,209.000 1,234,000 1.081,000 812,000 681.000 831.000 921.000 1,095.000 1,123,000 921,000 1,054,000 1,463,000 574,000 903,000 1,042,000 544,000 1,515.000 863,000 61.042.000 $345,141,000 1910 1911 $43,508,000 24,859,000 16,656,000 19,784,000 8.123.000 2.609.000 9,681.000 8,562.000 9,632,000 5,702.000 10,270,000 11,332.000 7,371.000 7,300.000 6,709.000 5,117,000 5,447,000 5,028,000 4.551,000 4,294,000 3,023,000 2.551.000 3,026,000 3,360.000 3.987.000 2.755.000 2,692,000 2.611.000 1.547.000 2.023,000 1,947.000 1,785,000 2.428.000 2.398.000 1.950.000 1,834.000 1,877.000 2.662.000 1,344.000 1,231.000 1.989,000 1,740,000 1,456.000 1,345,000 1,023,000 894,000 987.000 1.231.000 1,062.000 1.064.000 1,049,000 1,025,000 1,132,000 1,559.000 693,000 934,000 1,460.000 781,000 1,274.000 358,000 61.878.000 $348,500,000 $51,548,000 21,039,000 23,439,000 11,537,000 11,677.000 4.850,000 12.623,000 9,911,000 10,423,000 7,676,000 6,425,000 15,659,000 7,841.000 7,414.000 3,022.000 4,545,000 5,173,000 5,170,000 4.533.000 3.914,000 2.371,000 3,847.000 3,644,000 3,614.000 3.327,000 2.458,000 3.051,000 1.776.000 2.106.000 2.399.000 2.212,000 1,476.000 2,301.000 2.438.000 1.898.000 2.244.000 1,640.000 4,099.000 1,600.000 1,471,000 1,651.000 1,735.000 1.629.000 1.514.000 1.163.000| 1,110.000 1,450.000 1.293.000 1,290.000 1.274.000 1.060.000 1.098,000 1.082,000 1,311,000 1,013,000 949.000 1.752,000 1.192.000 1.131,000 1,594.000 66.544.000 $371,589,000 301 1913 $53,815,000 24.704,000 22,089,000 18,306.000 13.775.000 13.205.000 12.565.000 11.582.000 11.063,000 9,156,000 9,035,000 7,760.000 6.791.000 6.632.000 6,014,000 5,442,000 5,261.000 4.745.000 4,703,000 4,548,000 4,038,000 3,638,000 3,579.000 3,461.000 3,393.000 3,193,000 3,173,000 2,752,000 2,618,000 2,418,000 2,392,000 2,330.000 2.288.000 2,281,000 2,116.000 2,027.000 1,760.000 1,747,000 1,732.000 1,644.000 1.633.000 1.610.000 1,563,000 1,485,000 1,381,000 1,374.000 1,347,000 1,344.000 1.333,000 1,182.000 1,123,000 1,119,000 1,081,000 1,068.000 1,031.000 1,010,000 975,000 943,000 922.000 834.000 70.333.000 $398,452,000 Production and Industry ^ The principal industry of Hungary is agriculture in which 12,977,419 people were n^ployed. Dairying, sheep and poultry raising engaged 11,864 persons; market gardening f If 302 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS rlv!!^''^ k"^'- ^'^^, ^"°"' ^°"''*'y' *'"=- "2,399 perBons. The total area of all agricultural holdings m 1913 w»s 80,216,376 acrea. subdivided as follows: Arable land,. Gardens Meadows . . . . , Pastures Vineyards . . . , 35,309,662 1.070,354 7.477.020 9,585,180 847.491 Woodlands. . Road-bank . . Infertile area. Total 21.655.161 139.048 4,132.460 80.216.376 Acreage and yield of principal crops in 1915: Wheat Rye . Barley Oat8. . Com.. 8.201,388 2,595,164 2,794,938 2.636,124 6,191,726 4,532,669 1.270,487 1.329,483 1,279,184 5.044,600 Potatoee Sugar beets. . . . Hops Tobacco (1913) 1.576,030 265,505 7.062 118,807 6,267,580 2,737,350 2,333 28,180 8« i™™'' "T ol fir**"^ '" *®'^ "*" estimated as foUows, in pounds: Apples 88,184,000; apricots, 28,659,800; grapes (for table), 22,046 000- peaches fifin win^ uSSSl""'^"'""^ -"- '"^'^- i" i^'"et^e?r^r«;nT. swine^;:S'2(^sSrS8tgo'fr^ '""--• '■'''''' "-^ °' -*««= ''^'^^^ In Hungary proper in 1912 the inhabitants of 11,392 communes were eneaiied in rearing bees, which produced 2,947 tons of honey and 179 tons of wax, valu^auTl olj w« J^^"^""*'^" ""^ '^ ^^^'^'^ '^^^^^^ 4,400,000 pounds in 1909, of which 86 2 per cent w^ produc^ m Hungary proper and 13.8 per cent, in Cn,atia^la;onia. The pr^ucTon has smce been dechmng. In 1912 a large quantity of mulberry leaves was ruine^Vfrost and the production of cocoons was reduced to 2,863,000 pouni. ^ ' th« '^^J.''^ ''''^ of Hungary, situated in the Carpathians and in the district between Its arbiS^iri'J^^^^^ """"1 '"^ I''' '' ^'^^^'^^ --' -^ which 11, W acres are birch, 5,681,536 acres are oak, and 4,816,060 acres are pine. or.^ I^^ "ir°^ and smelting works of Hungary employed in 1913 a total of 81 200 persons' tl^ldT ; '?' P---I^Hungary gold and silver have been mi^fo^e"^ !wfl -^1 ""^"^ Transylvania, at Nagybanya, and in upper Hungary silver chiefly m the region of Stavnice (Sehneczbanya) in Slovakia. Le Jand „ 'a^I covered largely as a byproduct in the working of gold and silver bearing ozT "ILti^ony ties of Gemer, Hunyad, Varasd, and Maramaros; iron ores chiefly in Gemer- pyrites in Trk:v7^;rs) :r^^^ '-^-^ -' ^^-- -*^-^ -^-^ -^- ^^ p-'Cn^ Bro™^^ ^-T^ ^^f'^""}'}^ '' "^^^ ^^ Baranya. Tolna, and Orava (Arva) counties. Bo3 vi ^^ ^' 'I ^T^ '". ^"^^ ^^^'^'^^^^ ^ *^« «°"^*i«« of Novohrad (Nograd), b m2 ^cfudeTi 4'^.^^.T''- ."^^'^^ "^' ^ "^"^ '"^ «^^^- Mineral production m 1912 mcluded 1,432,645 tons of true coal (1,451,909 tons in 1913) 8 284 871 tons of and 608,123 tons of pig iron, 3 tons of gold, and 10 tons of silver, 1,765 tons of lead 945 tons of antmiony, 266 tons of copper, 93 tons of mercury, 114,1^ to^ Tp^^Vo^ tons of manganese, 91 tons of sulphur, and 1,442 tons of sulphukc acid HUNGARY 303 In 1910, about one-sixth (16.3 per cent.) of the population engaged in useful occupa- tions were engaged in the manufacturing industries (exclusive of mining, but including the building trades and hotels and restaurants). Budapest and Pressburg are the chief industrial cities; Pest, Szepes, and Gemer the chief industrial counties. The manufacture of foodstuflFs, beverages, and tobacco are the most important indus- tries, of these the principal are flour mills, sugar mills, distilleries, breweries, tobacco factories, the manufacture of meat products, and sparkling wines. In 1910 these industries employed 143,609 persons. Wheat flour, of which about 3,000,000 tons were milled annually, is the most important product. Other important industries are those of wood, chemicals, textiles, earths and stones, leather, clothing, printing, and paper. Among the other important manufactured products are sugar, tobacco, cigars, alcohol, pig iron, hewn wood, railway cars, bran, beer, bricks, structural iron, lumber, and rails for raUways. The textile industries supply only a smaU part of the domestic needs, and large quantities of textile fabrics have to be imported. The machinery industry supplies about one-half of the domestic consumption. Railways: In 1912 there were 11,224 miles of state owned and 2,103 miles of privately owned railways. The state railways had an invested capital of $809,324,000; the privately owned of $140,248,000. The state railways had 3,616 locomotives, 2,471 tenders, 7,674 passenger and 85,061 freight cars. The passenger railways had 603 locomotives, ^435 tenders, 1,468 passenger and 14,224 freight cars. Roads, Rivers, Canals: Road mileage, 1913, 59,598. The total length of navigable rivers and canals in the same year was 3,727 miles, of which 2,177 miles were navigable by steamer. Post OfiSces, Telegraphs, Telephones: Post offices numbered 6,774; telegraph offices, 5,380, length of telegraph Une, 16,740 miles; of wire 103,540 miles, messages numbered 15,470,000. In 1914 there were 2^535 urban telephone systems with 17,475 miles of Une and 251,342 miles of wire. Conversa- tions numbered 212,387,000. Language : Hungarian is the language of the country. German is ordinarily employed in com- mercial correspondence. Shipping Routes: Shipmente to Hungary are ordinarily made via Fiume, or Trieste. Customs Tariff: The duties of the former Austro-Hungarian conventional tariff resulted from commer- cial treaties concluded between Austria-Hungary and Germany, Roumania, Russia, Italy, Belgium, Bulgaria, Serbia and Switzeriand. Over 650 articles are enumerated, upon most of which the duties are specific and levied upon net weight. Cable Rates: From New York or New England states, $0.32 per word. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates Mail Time: 10 days from New York. Parcels Post: Service suspended. Money Orders: Issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. 304 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS ITALY It,ll»1. ^?'?°°\«"l"»^i°g the large peninsula in the south of Europe which forms the ITALY 305 hemp. The grape is cultivated throughout Italy and wine-making is an important industry Olives are extensively cultivated, as are abnonds and citrus fruits. The mulberry tree ii grown throughout Italy for the purpose of silk production. Dairy farming is rapidly be- commg of unportance. The principal mineral products of Italy are silver, which is chiefly mined m SicUy, lead and zinc, chiefly mined in Sardinia, and iron, mined in Elba. Of the manufacturmg industries the production of machinery and the making of steel are of great importance, as are the textile industries, chemical industries, and the manufacture of food- stuffs of all kinds. Italy, has an extensive railway system which covers the peninsula as weU as Sicily and Sardinia with a close network of lines. As a result of the war Italy has extended its territory to the north, acquiring possession from Austna of the Trentino, and has Ukewise extended its territory on the Adriatic coast through the occupation of the former Austrian province of Kustenland, with an area of 3,078 square miles and a population of 893,797. Control of this district gives Italy the miportant port of Trieste, with a population of approximately 247,000. Besides this temtory Italy claims the Dahnatian Coast of the Adriatic, including the port of Fiume These clarnis are disputed by the new state of Jugo-Slavia and no definite settlement has as yet been made. The per capita imports of Italy in 1917 amounted to $41.31. The per capita exports in the same year amounted to $12.06. Area and Population Area of Italy in square miles and population, according to the census of 1911: Provinces and Departments Area Population Allessandria . Cuneo Novara Torino Piedmont, total , Geneva Porto Maurixio . 1.960 2,870 2,548 3,953 11,331 807.696 646,719 756,326 1,213,709 Liguria, total , Bergamo Brescia. , . Como. . . , Cremona . Mantova . Milano, . . Pavia Sondrio.., Lombardy, total. Belluno . . Padova... Rovipo. . . Jl revise. . Ud me. .XeneiU. . X?fona... ^•cenxa.. Venetia, total . 1,582 456 3,424,450 1,050,052 147,179 2,038 1.076 1.823 1.105 685 903 1.221 1.287 1,233 9,333 1,276 826 684 956 2,536 944 1.185 1,056 9,463 1.197,231 511.237 596,411 616.212 348.749 349,048 1.726,548 512,340 129.928 4,790,473 192,793 519,358 257,723 491,166 628,081 466,752 475,049 496,438 3.527,360 Continued on page 306. 306 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS ITALY 307 Table continued: Provinces and Departments Area Population^ Bologna Ferrara Forli .'.'.'.".*.'.'."."* Modena ' \\ Parma ............'..". Piacenza !!!.'!!!!"! Ravenna 1 !!!!!!!...!!! ! Reggio Emilia ..!!!!.! 1.465 1.019 730 1.003 1,258 967 715 885 577,729 307,924 301,408 353,051 326.163 256.233 248,356 310,337 Emilia, total 8,043 2.681,201 Arecio Firense !.*!!!!!!!.*.'.'."."! Grosseto !.!'..'.'!!.'!!!!!!! Livorno ..'!.'!!!!'.!!!.!!!..'.'! Lucca !.'.".".".'.'.'.'!.'.'.'!.*.'!!!! i !' .* Massa e Carrara ' Pisa '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.". Siena .*!!!.'.'.'!.'!!!,*!!!!!!! 1.274 2,261 1.735 133 555 688 1,185 1.471 283.663 999,423 146,634 135.765 333,011 212,430 342,250 241,530 Tuscany, total 9.302 2,694,706 Ancona Ascoli Piceno .'.'.!.!!!!!!!."!.'! Macerata ...!!.!.!! Pesaro e Urbino ] . i .'!"!" i !.!!!.!!.!. i i 748 805 1.070 1,118 319.709 253,635 258..393 261,516 Marches, total 3.741 1.093,253 Perugia (Umbria) 3,770 686,596 Roma (Latium) 4.664 1,302,423 Aquila delgi Abruiii Campobasso chieti : .:;;::: Teramo ..'............'.." 2.493 1.692 1.142 1.060 407,005 349.618 366.593 307,490 Abrusii e Molise, total 6,387 1,430.706 Aveiiino Benevento !!'..'. Caaerta Napoli Salerno .................'.'.'.'..'. 1,165 819 2.034 351 1.908 396,581 254.726 791.616 1,310,785 558,282 Campania, total 6,277 3.311,990 Barre delle Puglie Foggia V.'.'.'.W'.V.'. Lecce '..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 2,048 2,683 2.645 891.624 467,020 771.507 Apulia, total 7.376 2.130,151 Potenza (Baailicata) 3,856 474.021 Catanzaro Coeenza .* !!!!."!.*..'.".'.* Reggio di Calabria 2,034 2.566 1.219 483.235 474.001 444.915 Calabria, total 5.819 1,402,151 Caltanisetta Catania '''\ Girgenti ..!.!............*!!! Messina Palermo ..............'..'..'.'.'.'..'. Siracusa '..'.'.". Trapani .' .' .' i i i i i i ! i !!!..!..!!!!!! i ! * * " 1.271 1,907 1,175 1,254 1,927 1,483 968 342,557 789.147 393.804 517.248 795.031 476.765 357.106 Sicily, total 9,935 3,672,258 Cagliari Sassari '.V.'.'.V.'.'.'.V.\\\\\\ 6,179 4,120 520,213 332.194 Sardinia, total 9.299 852.407 Total 110.632 34.671.377 Estimated population of principal cities, including communal population: City Population City Population Naples (Napdi) . . Milan (MilAno) . . Rome (Roma) . . . Turin (Torino) . . . P^ermo Genoa (Genova) . . Trieste Florence (Firenze) Catania Bdogna Venice (Venezia) . Messina Leghorn (Livorno) Bari Padua (Padova) . . Ferrara Drescia •••••••••. Verona Foggia Lucca. Allessandria Ravenna Reggio Emilia... Modena 697,910 663.100 590.950 452.000 345.900 300.140 246,500 242,150 217,400 189,770 168,040 150,000 108,600 109.220 105,140 102,550 89.622 86,448 79,213 79.110 78,159 74.161 75,349 76..'>84 Perugia xisa •> ......... Ancona Cagliari Trapani Bergamo Novara Vicenaa Parma Udine Arezzo Forli Salerno Como Reggio Calabria. Sassari Siena Caltanissetta Treviso Siracusa Cremona Pavia Piacenza 70,227 67,286 68,430 61,175 60.779 58.470 58.858 57,016 54,584 49.695 50.093 48.943 48,247 46,216 43.098 43,525 42,428 42,670 43,597 44.094 42.704 40.729 40.362 Commerce Total foreign trade of the United States with Italy during eleven years: Year Ended June 30 EXPOBTS Domestic Foreign Total Imports Free Dutiable Total 1909... 1910. . . 1911... 1912... 1913. . . 1914... 1915... 1916. . . 1917... 1918... 1919. . . $58,078,454 53,048.326 59.993.525 64.892,006 75,554.103 73,737.526 183.206.124 267.558,732 359.351.279 473,196,976 $431,141 418,727 587.241 369,262 731,175 497.486 1.613.564 1.687.373 1,257.077 4,701,798 $58,509,595 53,467.053 60.580.766 65.261,268 76.285,278 74,235.012 184.819.688 269.246.105 360.e08.356 477.898,774 496,174,730 Per Cent. Free Ezeeatof Exports (♦) or Imports (-) $23,452,986 19,116,236 16.550.448 16.304,301 18,872.941 15,763,370 16,732,998 21.717.723 11,551.228 6,789,261 $25,834,906 30,752,131 30,784,361 31,724.228 35.234,423 40,644.301 38,240.728 35.714.713 34,823.140 23,244,088 $49,287,894 49.868.367 47.334,809 48.028,529 54,107,364 56,407.671 54,973,726 57,432,436 46.374,368 30,014,349 21,573,527 47.58 38.33 34.96 33.95 34.88 27.95 30.44 37.82 24.90 22.62 $*9,221,701 ♦3.598,686 ♦13,245,957 ♦17,232,739 ♦22.177,914 ♦17,827,341 ♦129,845,962 ♦211,813,669 ♦314.233,988 ♦447,884,425 ♦474,601,203 The latest available statistics of the foreign trade of Italy are for the first six months of 1919. Italy's imports during that period were valued at $1,694,955,563, and her exports amounted to $345,502,645. On the basis of these statistics Italy's imports during the calen- dar year 1919 may be estimated at $3,389,910,126, and her exports at $691,005,290. Value of special trade, imports for consumption and exports of domestic merchandise, for six years: YSAB Impobts Exports Year Imports $703,608,000 564.206.000 907.785.000 $484,746,000 426,608,000 488.955.000 1916 1917 1919 (6 months) $1,583,991,980 1,492.468,299 1,694,955,563 Exports $597,383,275 435.940.213 345,502,645 i i I 308 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Value of the principal articles of import for two years by groups: Claasification 1916 1917 ^irits, beverages, and oils Colonial gooda, spices, tobacco Chemical pnxlucts, medicinal substances, guinsVperfum^A^ * ^lors, etc., for dyeing and tanning Hemp, flax, jut«, and other fibers, except cotton. . '. Cotton Wool, horsehair, etc gji^ w^"j'* ■ J * ". Wood and straw £??«'• and books :::::::::: Hides and skins Minerals, metals, manufactures Vehicles Stones, earths, pottery, glass.::: :::::::::::: ;:;:;: India rubber and manufactures. . . Cereals and vegetable products....:::::::::::::: M£^""v::::::::::::::::::::::::: -■■■■-•■-•' Precious metal. :::::::::::::::::::::: Total $60,423,502 47,684,948 78,676,644 23.357.856 20.823.307 139,652.174 136.723,150 31.240.888 17.136.241 16.059.490 72,823.010 247,723,078 2,286.873 291356,238 16,176,413 273,762,980 100,723.710 6347,785 115,693 SI, 583,991, 980 156,963,525 45.116.018 153,533,378 19,838,234 13,242.855 101,139,415 71,161,043 24,457.306 14,391.203 9.693.479 44383,378 369,557.868 8,168.620 184,961.824 14,238306 282,003.023 83,932,737 5,127.357 59,158 •1,492.468,229 Special trade of Italy with principal countries of origin and destination for five years: Imports from 1913 1914 1915 1916 19i; United States France United Kingdom : : : Austria Hungary Germany : Russia : Switzerland : : : Turkey in Europe, and others Belgium Argentina British possessions in Asia.. . ^Kyp^ ••••••>>•••••••••••« Spain Brazil China : .' : : Japan : : : : : $100,885,346 64.687.708 114,212,768 50.079,380 118.249.170 45.813,375 16.761,085 26,038,788 14,870,071 32,158,046 32,068,008 5,598,544 10,675.023 10,817,071 11.731,119 $85,469,471 39,867,355 97,452,2r)2 45.126,295 97,114.705 36.638,734 14,741,893 16,454,987 10,714.588 10.695.489 29,238,535 'i6,'568,i69" 9,491,161 6,052,246 9,003,643 $337,596,372 46.341.037 163,934,972 8,876.649 44.422.038 769,105 22,796,774 3,236.224 1.144.104 92,650,615 48,772,451 17,534,822* 14,868.848 9.791,662 8,101,017 $659,019,730 114,854,261 381,151,261 224.652 2.373.321 567.613 40,344.334 776.825 535.961 106,883,207 61,963,708 15,687,619 39,956,597 23.335.823 19.331.108 12,459.658 $124,511,248 302.141.114 29,020.059 84,981.181 133,850,904 6.282.150 21,530,501 Exports to 1913 1914 1916 United States , France , United Kingdom Atistria Hungary Germany ,[[[ Russia [\[[ Switzerland : : : : . Turkey in Europe, and others Belgium Argentina : : : British possessions in Asia.. Egypt Spain Brazil China [\] Japan : , : ' 1916 1917 $52,703,156 44,675,833 60,276,693 42,681,371 66.284,692 2,825,327 48,088,459 10,081,934 11,153,084 35,812,501 12.130,629 3.495.230 9.196.064 1.141,981 887,221 $50,655,166 33,619,249 69,002.416 37.965,223 61.595.564 3,289,227 44.754.577 12.921.543 5,853,883 22.463,332 9,730.867 * '4.'29'9.654 ' 6,453,022 579,579 661,604 $54,688,287 84,478,030 76.475.352 22,964.105 39,466,377 2,022.833 60.617.826 3,294,510 421.126 27.232.879 12.627,411 "9.160,166' 6.897.627 285.447 360.910 $50,827,424 142,351,782 86.357.657 $84,906,104 113,710,170 62,624.061 7,878,260 121,953.419 4,571,977 43.425 38,607.334 15,587,838 22,219,704 6,068,458 9,045,910 848,621 665,850 21,581.260 9.397.170 16.163.943 6.098,800 ITALY 309 Value of the exports of Italy for two years by groups: Classification 1016 1917 Spirits, beverages, and oils Colonial goods, spices, tobacco Chemical products, medicinal substances, gums. Colors, etc.. for dyeing and tanning Hemp, flax, jute, and other fibers, except cotton Cotton Wool, horsehair, etc Silk. Wood and straw. . . . Paper and books . . . Hides and skins .... Minerals, metals, manufactures . vcmcics • >••••••••••■••••••••« Stones, earths, pottery, glass India rubber and manufactures. . Cereals and vegetable products . . Animal products Miscellaneous Precious metals perfumery . Total. $23,462,260 3,928,592 41,033,578 2,160,563 38.774,569 97,218,636 28.333,985 154,337.940 9,368,877 9,615,513 7,651.874 21,568.051 16,854,203 26.433.194 9.060.383 63.760,502 28,919,029 14,604,789 296,727 $597,383,275 $28,925,085 2368,483 33,779,906 1,717.737 33,415.465 58,039.780 9.198.966 117,581,836 5,601.166 4,651.195 5,016,828 17.656.352 27,737,088 13.158,110 5.306,365 42,544,321 16.984.155 11,792..300 66.075 $435,940,213 Production and Industry Agriculture: The principal crops are cereals; hemp, that grown in the province of Bologna being especially famous; flax; grapes, which are cultivated throughout the kingdom, the vintage taking place from the beginning of September in the north to the beginning of November in the south; the olive, which is grown in Sicily, the harvest taking place from November to August; and almonds, cultivated in Sicily, Sardinia, and the southern provinces. The mul- berry tree is cultivated throughout the kingdom, but flourishes especially in the Marches, Umbria, Tuscany, Venetia, Piedmont and the Abruzzi. In Italy generally, and in Sardinia particularly, the land is greatly subdivided. Peasant proprietorship is common in Piedmont and Lombardy, but in the other provinces various forms of share cultivation predominate, in some of which the landlord furnishes seed, implements and improvements, and in others, provides free rent, a share of the produce, and a small money wage in return for labor. The acreage and production of principal crops for three years: Acreage 1915 1916 1917 Produce in Tons 1915 1916 1917 Wheat Barley Oats.. Rye Maize Rice Beans Potatoes Sugar Beetroot. Vines* Olives* 12.648,750 615,000 1,222,000 297,500 3.932,500 360,000 1,351,750 733,500 125,000 11.041.000 5,750,000 11.815.750 612,500 1,665,750 288,7.^0 3,939.750 356.750 1,225.750 737,750 117.500 10.872.500 6,767.500 10,680,250 475,000 1,119,750 2S2,.=^00 3,898.500 350,000 1,099.500 740,500 121,500 10,846,750 5,198,200 260,947 511,168 124,096 3,464.110 627.872 531,216 1,545,000 1,480,000 419,210 33,000 6.380,928 246.512 423.920 151,984 2.311,784 584,736 422,912 1.477,200 1.100.000 857,120 33,000 4,267,429 180,992 550,928 126,896 2,404,192 573.664 394,576 26.248.000 22,440,000 1.061,500 45,012 Note: ♦ Produce in thousand gallons. The dairy industry flourishes in the north of Italy, and the making of cheese, especially Parinesan, Gorgonzola, and Gruy^e, is an important industry. 310 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS 000, »43,658,047. '**'"«-*.0*7, mcludmg secondary products estimated at $10,615,- Fisheries: were engaged in coral fishing. The total number of L^™^ ^^ fj'^t '"^^^*'' value of the sardine catch was 13,098,232: of the Drodu^oTfrT/ '^■■. ^''* ^^"^^'i of the produce of the coral fisheriU, $6,83) "°"^ ^'^««' »*27.716; Aftrxw; The principal mineral products are sulohur mm»/i :., o: i i ■ . Sardinia; iron, mined in Elba. QmO^yT^rti^f ^^^'' l^ ""* '^''' "^^ « The quarrie. at TivoU and Bav^t^rmp^- Z^^^J^ ""^ ''"^*"'"' ^ '^"^'^y- stone in volcanic districts. ™POrtant, lava is extensively employed for paving Product in short tons, value, number of mines, and number of workmen: Ores, Etc. Productive Mines Short Tone Iron Manganese . . . .. Copper Zinc. Lead Antimony Mercury Iron and pyrites . Mineral fuel .... Sulphur ore. Value ;} AaiAaltio and bituminoua' substances* ' ' Bone acid ' *' Totals . 28 18 7 83 11 7 9 148 315 6 8 Workers 1.036.468 19,961 97.322 99.047 43.516 7.169 147,976 451.319 1.436.534 1.839.828 18.511 2.522 706 ^.610.038 120.647 643.260 3.365.453 3.281.078 191.701 1.621,181 2,707.236 11.876,922 6,790.336 68.301 423.698 } 36.599,850 2.329 476 1.102 11.553 494 886 2.788 9,705 11,486 99 777 43,137 $11,9^^"*" ^"^'"^^ ^'«^ '^-- - "'«. "I the output of .tone was valued at Manufactures: ?a;^r^^lTlrbr;:rorr^^'''^^r*^^^^^^ produced 56,069 rnot^rZ^dMdZ^^ZlT ''"" ^'.T "''" ^ ''^ P'''"*' '«'<• The An^oldo machinery worta, thet^rin ItTlv r™ * r^ ' ""'' '^" """^ '"'»• industry is extensive; sulphur ^ini^g sZ i^tJ^^fi ?""?"■ ^^ -"eWlurgical manufacture depends largely u3 a nr^^f ^* ""'' ^"^^ operations; iron moat important^f ItaUrmetS^cSlZL"^For^°i' """'"""'' " """""^ *"« making. "lausines. lr-i ^ Lombardy, and in Venetia and KedZnf w* u^ ? . ^'^*°' ^™^ *°^ Bergamo in ITALY 311 (province of Novara), Venetia (province of Vicenza), Tuscany (Florence), Lombardy (Brescia), Campania (Caserta), Genoa, etc. Flax and jute are important industries, the latter producing supplies sufficient for the needs of the country and exporting. Chemical and pharmaceutical industries, including the production of explosives, chemi- cal manures, sulphuric acid, sulphate of copper, carbonate of lead, and hyperphosphates, quinine and the manufacture of candles, glue, soap, perfumes, india rubber, etc., have their center at Milan, Genoa and Turin. BeetHsugar manufacture centers at Umbria, the Marches, Lazio, Venetia and Piedmont. The distilling industries center in Lombardy, Piedmont, Venetia and Tuscany. Paper manufacture is important in Milan, Vicenza, Turin, Como, Genoa, Ancona and Brescia. Furniture making is carried on all over Italy, each region producing a special type; the most important centers are in Lombardy and Piedmont. Straw-plaits for the making of hats are produced in Tuscany and Vicenza. Glass is made in Tuscany and Venetia, the best quality of glass being made at Murano, near Venice. Ceramics are produced in Florence, Turin, Milan and a group of smaller cities. The manufacture of macaroni and similar foodstuffs flourishes extensively throughout Italy, but is especially important in the vicinity of Naples. Statistics of Italian industries, with reference to their geographical location: Departments and Provinces Establish- ments Em- ployees Horse- power Departments and Provinces Establish- menta Em- ployees Horse- power Abruisi and Molise Apulia i^ari >■•••••.•••. Lecce Baailicata , Calabria Campania , Naples , Emilia , Bologna , Lieuria , Genoa , Lombardy , Como , Milan , 9,005 36,966 40,639 14,765 82.699 39.492 6,950 40,935 14,182 5.410 29.899 18,359 2,808 11,562 5,145 9.561 40.358 17,083 19,284 168,119 142,107 7,663 91.389 83.709 20,317 146.301 104.314 5,197 44,621 26.713 11,456 132,604 124.660 10,149 124,827 109.730 41,027 657,863 402,966 6.153 105,262 49,391 17.493 346,636 114.333 Marches Piedmont Alessandria Novara. . . . Turin Rome Sardinia Sicily Tuscany Florence. . . Umbria Venetia Total . . 7,563 49.623 26,332 342.364 5,174 48.189 6,108 90.108 10,299 169.567 10.127 72.366 4.015 34,016 19.685 120.740 22.622 188.045 8.298 66.486 4,680 32.106 20.904 198,726 243.926 2,304,438 40.339 264.572 22,369 93,836 123.711 46.604 13,064 66.264 121,807 30,582 65,974 136.436 1,620,404 Particulars of industries classified by kind: Industry Number of Establish- ments Number of Persons Employed Horse- power Used Industries extractive of the subsoil Industries utilizing the products of agriculture, fishing and the chase (exclusive of textile and chemical industries) Industries utilising metals (exclusive of chemicals) Industries utilising minerals (exclusive of metal refining) Textile industries Chemical industries Public service Various Total 3,670 62.216 139,021 533,866 41,116 389.226 17.727 306,612 31.492 537,135 959 129,398 5.309 76,788 8.398 71,184 243.928 2,304,438 16,174 293.941 174.609 64.203 118,797 65,813 791.855 816.908 1.620,404 Railways: Total length, 11,722 miles. All but 3,078 miles are owned by the state. Post Offices: There were 11,023 in 1915, which handled a total of 2,314,972 pieces of mail matter. Telegraphs: Offices, 8,694 in 1915; miles of line, 33,561 in 1915. I- 312 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Telephones: There were 372 ufban and 808 interiirban systems in 1915 all „nr?«r -♦-* . . In that year 4,619,000 conversations took pUce ^C^^oL ^ ''^*''^- Money : The system corresponds to that of Prance. The Lira of 100 haa cent«im! . parvalueof 10.193. There are coined 20 and 10 lire pieces in goW 5 2 T^Z/^°"^ tesimi pieces in silver, 20, 10, 5 and 2 centesimi pieL toS and bL^ r I" T" ^issued by the Banco d' ItaUa, the Banco di N^ an^htS tl^, !:f by t Weights and Measures: The metric system prevaUs. Language: houi*!^' ^"""^ '^y^^.il necessary, in correspondence with large commercial Local Advertising Media: impo'rrfSrp^is^'^^ti-?^^^^^^^^^^^ good media in dealer campaigns. Poste. and'Cne dispt s jr^wT J "^ ''" stations and tram care are extensively employed as media ""^'^'^^ Consular Representatives : United States consular officials are stationed at Catania Florenrp n«n«o t u Milan, Naples, Palermo, Rome, Turin, Venice. ' ^''°*' ^«*^^''°' Italian consular officials are stationed at Birmingham Mf^hiu t a i « Francisco, Denver, mndad, Hartford, New HavenTi£rg;orw:;hi^S. Iv""." Pensacola, Tampa, Savannah, Honolulu, Chicago, Springfield fll-Hlf^f' ^^ "^'''• Louisville, Hammond, New Orleans, Portland^;itZ« B Jton l^^*""' J™"*!"??' Detroit, Duluth, Gulfport, St. Louis, Butte OmZ^^''t2y:,f!'"^<^^'^' Albany, Buffalo, New York Qty, Rochester, Vonkers cSaW ^v^";^ m""."?'?'' (Okla.), Portland (Oregon), Altoona (Pa) Erie PhiladelnhLTf* k k^''' '^*"^'^'*'"' Arecibo (P. R.), Maytguez, Ponce,' sL^' ^al^'KSe' Ch^Z'' '^^^k' "'^'*' Worth (Texas), Galveston, Port Arthur, Salt LakTatv N^rf^^ R .?' rj"**"' ^""^ (V. L). Seattle, Clarksburg, Northfork (k vl^MilwIuki! ' ■"""'' ^*- ^'"""'^ Shipping Routes: Anchor Line. White Star Line. Cimard Line. Navigazione Generale ItaUana, "La Veloce" and Lloyd Italiano Lines. Customs Tariff: The Italian tariff levies specific duties based on wPiVKf l,r^^« k j j , , The tariff is a double one, prescribing a^en^ fm^mtlT^ ^"^-^^ classifications, tariff with respect to evei^ ch^ificX ^e l^^^^^^^^ conventional (minimum) nations, enjoy, by virtue oTa t.aty embodyilg^h^ < W^^^^^ .^^^- of certain of its products and manufacturers under the convelionlM "!^^' *d°^^«° articles a smaU "statistical" duty is levied. conventional tariff. On certain ITALY 313 Consular Regulations: Bills of lading must show the address of the consignee. An affidavit certified by the Italian consul must be attached attesting that the goods are bought for Italian consumption. Cable Rates: From New York or New England, $0.31 per word. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates apply. Mail Time : About ten days from New York to Genoa. Parcel Post: Service extends to Italy. Limit of weight, 11 pounds. International Reply Coupons: Issued. Money Orders: Issued. SAN MARINO Included in the area of Italy is the independent republic of San Marino, which has an area of thirty-eight square miles and a population (1916) of 11,648. For all commercial purposes it may be regarded as a part of Italy. i 314 BXPORTER^S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS JUGO-SLAVIA (See Map, Page 218) that of the combined 2l^^ ^"' IZtT ^" approximately equivaJ^Tto Massachuaetta. The principal cSaS^JdNiT'""'"'"'' ^'^'^ '''''"' *"<' whawe;r£a^i::ytLVbTti:p^''sr ''" ''I ^ •-'' ^-^' -•^'=-- commercial gateway of the co^tS^ Conference may be, promises to be the chief agricultural crops are com beetr^r Zh^ ^u ! ^^"^^^ The most important especiaUy important, theT^nSr^^d^^.tL;^ l^l' T^" T ^' ""''°« " exported, both raw, and manufactu^^M ^ ,^' ^"^ ^^"' f°™«'''y extensively portant. a. is the b^eXgoT^ye^i^ ""'^' '^'^ '''^='- Sericulture is im- Serbi?: ~:,r:lrfn"^- '^Z^rV \'^"''''^' ^--ner^govina and important meS^rricai ^,7' ^^x^^al. Manufacturing enterprises other than the Area and Population JUGOSLAVIA ^15 Slavia. The following estimate is therefore approximate, but it closely follows the pro- visions of the treaty of peace with Austria: Coiintries Area square miles Population Countries formerly independent : Serbia Montenegro Former Austrian territory: Dalmatia Bosnia-Hersegovina Croatia-Slavonia Carinthia (in part) Camiola Styria (in part) Estimated total 18,650 5,603 4,956 19.768 16,421 1,994 3,845 866 72,103 2,911,701 436,789 658.682 1.962.411 2,602.544 203,081 530.189 146,775 9,452,172 Principal cities: Serbia: Belgrade (capital of the kingdom) population 90,890; Nish, 24,949; Kragu- ySvatz, 18,452; Leskovatz, 14,266; Monastir, 59,856; Uskub, 47,384; Prizren, 21,244. Montenegro: Cettinj^, 5,500; Podgoritza, 14,000; Dulcigno, 5,000; Nikshitch, 5,000; Antivarie, 2,500. Bosnia-Herz^ovina: Sarajevo, 51,919; Mostar, 16,392; Banja Lucka, 14,8(X) ; Tuzla, 1 1,300. In the other former Austrian territories, Laibach, 43,4(X); Karlstadt ; Agram. Commerce Until 1920 United States statistics of foreign commerce classified trade with the territory now composing Jugo-Slavia under trade with Austria -Hungary and Serbia. Exports to Serbia, Montenegro and Albania during the calendar year 1919 were valued at 12,927,724. Imports were valued at $10,347. No adequate statistics are yet available concerning the foreign trade of the new country. Foreign trade of Serbia, 1907 to 1912, inclusive: Year Imports Exports 1907 $13,721,238 14,703,541 14,293,260 16,346,249 22,277,094 20,624,581 $15,841,899 1908 14,676,905 1909 18,074.340 1910 19,016,673 1911 22.564. S46 1912 16,372,625 Foreign trade of Montenegro 1905, 1906, 1907 and 1910: Year Imports Exports 1905 $942,840 1,166,400 1.268,460 1,653.746 $345,060 1906 393.660 1907 272,160 1910 484,299 Imports to Montenegro showing principal countries of origin during 1905, 1906, 1907 and 1910: Imports from 1905 1906 1907 1910 Austria-H ungary Turkey Italy Great Britain . . . $729,000 281,880 24,300 12.150 $729,000 286.740 24.300 12.636 $972,000 140,940 116,640 29.160 $884,520 267.300 252.720 72.900 ^ *, 316 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS durinit: ye^'^ZZ'^r^ " "*'"" '' '^"""''^ <»-'"- °^ <>" ongm and destination Country Imports 1910 1911 America Austria-Hungary . . Belgium " ' Bosnia-Herzegovina Bulgaria *jreece Denmark.. Egypt .*.'.'.'.■■ England Italy .'.■;.■.'.■; Germany Norway. Portugal ........ Rumania Russia .' Turkey,... . [,[ France ......... Netherlands . . . . . Montenegro .[ Switzerland ] Sweden ...'.*. Spain E.TPORT8 1910 1911 Total. $195,172 3.116,611 173,670 40,170 93,181 74,682 4.987 2,205.668' 703,474 6,750,334 530 2,119 227,796 351.865 1.145,370 695,497 146,727 8.462 379,730 14,171 16,693 S16.346,249 S412.184 9,157,460 401,569 42,439 134,553 62,785 481 1. 838485' 938,136 6,049,943 100 1.740 297.108 654.617 736,083 1.108.942 98.148 13,411 299.786 15.489 13.936 $746,402 3.439.621 3,114,486 23.224 797.482 322.7.'il 20«,443 4.229.505 30.8«0 $22,277,094 1.268.107 2,617 4,529,887 229,881 58,286 5.790 11.251 $696,596 9.347.644 1,185,447 21.637 540,753 21.245 443 16.752 848.052 5,584,054 965 $19,016,673 Foreign trade of Bosnia and Herzegovina for 1908 and 1913: 1.185,135 10.174 2.312,899 741,354 1,285 564 49,847 $22,564,846 Articles Importb Exports 1908 1913 Principal articles imported: r lour . Clothing and miilinery Wares of iron and steel. L/Oifee Leather, and manufactures oif ' ' ' Cotton fabrics. . Com ] ] Cotton, rawr'wkdding': yarn".;.' ougar, refined Machinery SSm?^ ?"*^ "tramway cars ." .' .' ." .' Distilled bquors Wine ' Horses [ Explosives ... Principal articles exported i Wood, sawn .... Plums, dried. Oxen ' ' [ Hides and skins . Wood, rough or hewn Cows Iron and steel, semimanufactured. Iron, pig and scrap . Plum jam Calcium carbide Eggs Soda ;;■; Sheep .'' Coal and peat . . . Meats 190S Total trade . $2,677,000 1.791,000 1 .356,000 1,316,000 803,000 780,000 1.690.000 670,000 643.000 895.000 521,000 436,000 267.000 259,000 339,000 31,000 1.000 168.000 68,000 7,000 80,000 323,000 69.000 2.000 4.000 4,000 6,000 4.000 59,000 102,000 1913 $24,702,000 $3,623,000 3,008.000 2.396,000 1.993,000 1.504.000 1.481.000 1.418.000 1.039.000 1.017,000 1.011.000 910,000 749.000 719.000 642,000 606.000 47.000 7.000 1.204.000 160,000 23,000 349,000 319,000 126.000 3,000 9.000 8.000 9.000 10.000 58,000 192.000 $40,741,000 $73,000 347,000 755.000 16.000 99.000 40,000 217,000 29.000 23,000 28,000 1.000 214,000 59,000 341,000 35.000 4,908.000 1.230,000 1.470,000 630.000 693.000 392.000 741,000 438,000 243.000 391.000 284.000 621.000 297.000 262,000 251,000 $22,117,000 $26,000 843,000 378.000 34.000 207,000 31.000 214.000 23,000 13,000 59,000 6,000 168,000 187,000 317,000 91,000 5,000,000 2,256.000 1,895.000 1.410.000 928.000 849.000 700.000 628.000 536.000 476,000 455,000 424,000 408,000 389.000 385.000 $28,032,000 JUGOSLAVIA 317 Production and Industry Serbia: Agriculture is the principal industry; the land is greatly subdivided, nearly every peasant cultivating his own small holding. The holdings vary between about 10 to 30 acres in extent, the average size being 20 acres. Of the total area of 11,930,740 acres, 2,505,455 acres are arable land; 477,229 acres are devoted to fruit, vines, and garden pro- duce, and 1,312,381 acres are meadow. Maize is the principal cereal crop, since corn-cake is the staple article of diet of the peasantry, and the normal yield exceeds 5,000,000 bushels yearly. Wheat, beetroot, and tobacco are other crops. Fruit is grown extensively, special attention being devoted to the plum. Fresh plums, prunes and plum marmalade were exported extensively before the war. A liquor known as "raki" is likewise distilled from the plum. There were 31,522 persons engaged in silk culture in 1910, and the export of cocoons was an important element of Serbia's trade. Livestock in 1910 comprised 152,617 horses, 957,918 head of cattle, 3,808,815 sheep, 863,544 pigs and 627,427 goats. Forests have an area of 3,792,500 acres, of which 1,375,000 are state owned, and 1,625,000 are owned by the communes. The mineral resources comprise gold, silver, iron, lead, zinc, lignite, antimony, nickel, mercury, manganese, graphite, and mineral springs productive of iodine and sulphur. Coal and lignite are mined in the north-eastern mountains near the Danube, Timok and Morava rivers; the mines are operated by the state, by Belgian companies, and by private enterprise. Lead is mined in Podrinye at Krupon and in the Pozharevate at Kucha jua. Antimony is mined at Zayechat. Copper and iron are mined by Belgian companies at Maydaupet, the principal mining center east of Morava. The output of minerals in 1911 was valued at $2,974,891; there were mined 7,725 tons of copper valued at $1,576,085; 25,855 tons of coal valued at $428,554; gold production was valued at $176,695 and cement production at $146,644. The principal manufacturing industry is flour milling, and in 1911 there were 17 large mills. Brewing and distilling are important, sugar refining and the making of celluloid are other industries. Carpet weaving and dyeing is an important industry which has its center at Pirot. Meat-packing, wool weaving, tanning, boot making, pottery and iron work manufacture are likewise carried on. There are fewer than 100 large industrial enterprises in Serbia. Bosnia-Herzegovia; Agriculture is the principal industry, but is carried on for the most part only primi- tively. Forests occupy about half of the total areas, and timber is an important article of export. The important crops are tobacco; maize (production 1912, 238,700 tons); wheat (production 1912, 89,100 tons); barley (production 1912, 68,200 tons); oats (pro- duction 1912, 75,900 tons); potatoes (production 1912, 104,500 tons); rye (production 1912, 12,100 tons), and millet, flax, hemp and buckwheat. Beetroot, sunflowers and plums are important crops. Wine is produced, and silk culture is being developed. The raising of livestock is an important industry; in IdlO there were 1,308,930 head of cattle, 2,499,422 sheep, 1,393,068 goats, 527,721 swine and 221,981 horses in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Mining is rapidly assuming importance; the minerals include copper, iron, manganese, coal, chromium, salt and quicksilver. Production in 1915: coal, 87,878 tons; iron ore, 121,450 tons; pig iron, 2,827 tons; steel ingots, 20,826 tons; rolled iron, 15,421 tons; man- ganese, 11,464 tons; salt, 414,695 bushels. Manufacturing industries comprise tobacco factories (formerly a state monopoly) iron foundries, blast furnaces, chemical factories, distilleries, breweries, soap and candle, jam, paper, and ammonia factories. 318 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREWN MARKETS CroatiaSlavania: olives are principal industrilT SSV-f^LTTh. " "™'' ,°™°'^' '*'"°'^' ^- «d mulberry trees for the b^g oTI^S^' ^^ 'ST' °''"^' "^ '•'"^' "^-^ «' cereal cmps are maize, wheat. oatsrye^dTrW ^h""* '™'"'^'- '^ P^-^'P"' flax and hemp. Iron coal w^nn., t7j !^' ""'*'' ''"'P* *'« potatoes, tobacco ^n located.'^ s.:::^z'^z\^7L':^z^LmJ'\T, -^-^ *" •-- breweries and distiufri^Xr^^ - mtX^orrSJa^tr^ T"" '"^ tenth'^ri^^arofSt^ '^.^ZZT "Z^tV"' "•^ ^""^ "-' ""'^ ■"»"' - land is principaUy mountain p^tt^^va^T H '^'^ T' '° '^°'™'' '«°»"- The their mutton, wWch is trpS S t,d""of ^^ '"'"'• ^'"^^ "« ''"'Pt '» burden, and goat« are numeror CatT^T ^ u , P*"^"*" '^^' »« "^te of fruits and vegetables. esS^taS!t.d^^'^''*"P'"«' """* "'^ """i^""" "f maize, barley, oats akd ^e Z K^'lt^^' "^t^^^-'^ --ied on. Wheat. a«> olives, almonds, figs, oran^ and t^tn^ ., y""!. J?/" ""Portant product, as livestock of aU kinds ^rerea^C^'i,!'"^''"^*'''''' '"^ ««' t*"" oUve are grown, a brewery and cloth fal^te mT^^I^"' a« practicaUy no manufactures; and an ohve^U refinery at inti^arT NJcsh.tch, a soda-water factory at Cettinje. Carinthia and Camiola' tries, a,^ WSped i3Lf, "^."^ especiaUy important. MetaUurgicJindus- manufactu^/Lead imn^r^^^ machinery, lead articles, wire cables and rails an. factu,^ include b^fdesre'^taSuiw^r^^^^^ Manu- Of the total s^Toicl^o^^^^ ^'"^'^ ^^^*^-' -™-* -^ -od. 44.4 per cent., meadows l/T^r iJnt ^L i"". / "" ^^'' cultivation. Forests occupy The grain crops pn^T^d doTot^^^^^^^^ '' ^' '''^'- *"^ ^^«y^^' ^^^ Per cenJ. timber are im^rLnt p^cSuctsL th/«n ^^^'^^^^^ «^ *^« population. Flax and coal and zinc ar« fou^rbut the nri^^^^^^^ '\ extensively cultivated. I„>n, copper, L^en and Uc^weaviSre'tiT^^^^^^ ^ ^ury, mined at 1^.' Radways, Telegraphs, Telephones, Post Offices- Herzt^oX^™" l'^ mL'nf "i^^^ ''^^ ^^^^*' ^-*«-«- -d Bosnia- of raifroad. Of^hlTos '^es of^^^^^ ^ ^ *<'*-^ of 1,577 miles gauge. Serbia, Montenegro ^dB^.^^^^'T^™*' ^nly 64 miles is normal with 515 office^ (of wWch^ri^ IZtH'"'"'"^" ^ ^'^'^ "^^^ of telegraph line wmcn ^9 m Bosma-Herzegovma were also poet offices). In Serbia JUGOSLAVIA 319 alone there were 2,181 telephone systems of which 52 were interurban; and 1,612 post offices not including the 249 in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Money, Weights and Measures: The currency of the kingdom has not yet been organized. The former Serbian system was on a gold basis, the unit being the dinar, with a par value of $0,193 U. S. currency. There were 20 and 10 dinar gold pieces, silver 5, 2, 1 and H dinars and nickel 20, 10 and 5 paras. The para was equal to 1/10 dinar. The metric system of weights and measures was universally employed. The units of the Montenegrin currency were the perper, and para, equivalent to the Austrian krone and heller. The former Austrian provinces used Austrian currency and employed the metric system of weights and measures. Language: The languages of the country are Slavish, Serbian and German, but French and German are customarily used for commercial correspondence. Shipping Routes: Shipments to Jugo-Slavia are ordinarily made via Fiume. Phelps Line. Customs Tariff: There is a temporary tariff combining specific and ad valorem duties. Consular Regulations: Certificates of origin are the only documents required. Cable Rates: From New York or New England states, $0.34 per word. Postal Rates : Postal Union rates. Parcels Post: Service does not extend to Jugo-Slavia, except to part of Dalmatia. Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Not issued. LIECHTENSTEIN A former independent principality lying between the Austrian province of Vorarlberg and the Swiss cantons of Saint Gall and Graubiinden. The state has an area of 65 square miles and a population of 10,716. The capital and seat of government is Vaduz with a population of 1,376. The chief products of the country are com, wine, fruit, and timber, and among the chief industries is the raising of live stock. The manufacture of textiles is carried on. The language of the country is German. LUXEMBURG An independent state bounded by Belgium, France, and Germany. Area 990 square miles; population, 259,891. Principal town and capital, Luxemburg, with a population of 20,848. Economically the Grand Duchy of Luxembui^ owes its importance to its produc- tive iron deposits in the extreme south. Production of steel in 1916, 935,716 tons (980,384 in 1915); of iron, 1,580,530 tons (1,590,774 tons in 1915). The United States statistics of foreign trade have heretofore included trade with Luxemburg in trade with Germany for the reason that the Grand Duchy formed a part of the German Customs Union until, by the Treaty of Peace with Germany, it became wholly independent. No statistics of the trade of Luxemburg are available. Economically and commercially Luxemburg is closely allied to Belgium. There are 326 miles of railway, 356 telegraph offices, 107 telephone exchanges and 139 post offices. The language of the country is French. I 320 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS THE NETHERLANDS 321 MALTA r.fr^*n^^^' "" *^/ Mediterranean fifty-six mUes south of Sicily, and a crown cnlnn Commerce impo^,*^42.78t ""^^ *° ***'*"' "^^ '""^ ^""^' <"^«-*'' ^-^ »919, $621,676; 1913-14 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 Imports (1), Exports (1), 1917-18 (2) $12,583,861 5.610,204 $13,560,906 3,342,946 $16,777,055 2,738,697 $16,225,071 2,872.760 $13,969,681 2,965.630 Note: (1) Including bullion and specie. (2) Excluding buUion. • Iniports and exports during five years* $220^?Tir^«?S?'7.i^l^!J- ^.'\*' «2,187,121; flour and semola, $880,782; buUocks Of the total importe in 1916-17, $8,701,582 was from the United Kinedom- «2 07S W from Bntish possessions; and $5,445,123 from foreign countries ''"'8^'""' »2.078,364 ™, ... , Production and Industry TherTwere "m? rt'fSo'? ''™°'^' ''"Jr- .""^darines, potatoes, onions and com. of 3 7 aT^« 'nir ilwf^ '^ ^""^ under cultivation, divided into about 12,000 holdings ..t ?k ^I ho Wmg, on leases ranging from four to eight years. Cotton is ^wn on 817 Sl^d^a2l"SfiV.'J-'f^ •f.r^','fd^uP°""'^«= «^« «»»* eons^ted of T^hor^ ^ll^'o?b"y 2%''p^^n:'i^1?9\'o';r ''""' '"'' '^''^ «°^*'- ^''<' «"^« ""'-'^ Railways and Telephones: Mn«I?^ « are eight miles of raflway and 785 miles of telephone wire. Money: Bntish corns are legal tender. Language: Tariff: wheaT^mLr ^P^*^^;^. ^"^P«^* ^^ti^f on beer, spirits, spirit varnishes, wine, tobacco, sugar, ^troLTr^f^f ' r T^^ ""f '^""P' ^^^^ ^^^ "^"^^«' ^^^ *^d fmzen meat, oil petroleum, potatoes, biscmts, and vinegar. Ad valorem duties of 5 per cent, on certain other importe, axtd of 10 per cent, on luxuries, have been levied since January 22 and December 22, 1917, respectively. ^ MONACO nn f wT7!u '"'^^V^^^t^^^e^^^ principaUty on the Mediteranean, surrounded, excepting on the side of the sea, by the French Department of Alpes Maritimes. The area is 8 square mJes, and the population 1913, 23,956. Principal town and chief source of revenue in the fTr!lT<. o/k r^ ^"^^V^" population being 9,627, which is famous a^ a resort for tounsts Other ^^^^ are Monaco, with a population of 2,247, and La Condamine, with a population of 11,082. There are no statistics of trade. Coal and wine are imp;,rted. ?hJur^t' °''^^? citroi^ are exported. The industry of the principaUty center in the up-keep of the resort of Monte Carlo. f f j THE NETHERLANDS (See Map, Page 229) The total area of the Netherlands is slightly smaller than that of the combined states of Connecticut and Massachusetts. The largest city of the Netherlands is Amsterdam, which is about the size as Cincmnati, Ohio. The other principal cities are Rotterdam, which is the chief seaport, and The Hague, the latter being the capital of the country. Agriculture and dairy farming are the two most important industries of Holland, and are most extensively carried on in the provinces of Zealand and Groningen. Oats, barley, wheat, rye, buckwheat, potatoes, flax and beet root, together with tobacco, hemp and hops, are the chief agricultural products. Horticulture and truck gardening are especially important. The raising of livestock, especially in the provinces of Friesland, Utrecht and North and South Holland, is extensively carried on, and the output of dairy products is one of the most important of Holland's industrial enterprises. Of manufacturing industries, the cotton textile and jute mills of the Twente district of Overyssel, the woolen goods mills of Tilburg, Leiden and Utrecht, and the manufacture of gin, spirits, earthenware, pipes, candles, cocoa, and cigars are important. Amsterdam has long been the world's market for diamonds, and until the war, was the principal tobacco market of the world. Holland is penetrated by a network of canals, which are among its most important means of transportation. It is likewise traversed by a complete system of railways, includ- ing an important series of steam tramways or light railways. Three railways run from Holland into Germany and others nm into Belgium connecting Rotterdam and Amsterdam with the principal cities of Europe, and making the former city one of the most important of continental European ports. A most important means of transportation are the steamer services which operate between the Hook of Holland and England and between Flushing and England. The Netherlands is practically a free trade country, and hence an excellent market for manufactured goods. The per capita imports of the Netherlands amounted to $64.55 in 1917. The per capita exports of the Netherlands amounted to $51.14 in the same year. In 1917 the United States supplied 18.35 per tent of the imports, and took 4.41 per cent of the exports of the Netherlands. Area and Population. Area square miles Population Provinces Dec. 31, 1914 Dec. 31, 1916 North Brabant 1.920 1,939 1.131 1.066 707 525 1.243 1,295 881 1,028 847 670,030 681,824 1.537,419 1,202,652 239,676 307,547 372,625 410.826 345.649 188,775 382,682 6,339,705 699,838 Guelders 707.898 South Holland 1,599.164 North Holland 1.244.499 Zealand 243.698 Utrecht 320.913 Friesland 380.526 Overyssel 426.010 Groningen 355.154 Drenthe 196.505 Limburg 409.022 Total 12,582 6,583,227 [ I I I 322 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Population of principal cities and towns on December 31, 1916: Amaterdam 628,404 Rotterdam 487,077 The Hague 334,081 Utrecht 133,344 Gronia«en 86,287 Haarlem 73,307 Arnhem 68,624 Leiden 60,266 Nimeguen 64,699 Tilburg ^8,139 Dordrecht 51,684 Maestricht 39,851 Leeuwarde 40,875 Apeldoorn 42,684 Hertogenboech's 37,266 Eiwchede 40,892 Delft 36,680 Zwoile 34,649 Schiedam 37,613 Hilversum 35,260 Emmen 35.517 Deventer 31.302 Helder 30,264 Breda 28,409 Zaandan 27,591 Gouda 26.162 Amersfoort 26,276 Flushing 21.679 Alkmaar 22.687 Hengelo 24.586 Commerce The statistics of the Netherlands in some cases give the real, and in some cases the oflBcial, value of goods. The official values have been unchanged since 1847. As the Netherlands is a free trading country, the declared values of goods subject to ad valorem duty is the only value checked. Hence the statistics are in no sense more than approximate. Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with the Netherlands for eleven years. Year ended June 30 ExpoRra Domestic Foreign Total Imports Free Dutiable Total Per cent free Excess of exports (♦) or imports (-) 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914.. 1915., 1916.. 1917.. 1918.. 1919.. $94,309,281 84,393,539 95,311.728 103,071,880 126.248,305 111,159,507 140,470,616 96,792,906 107,206,307 6,282,171 $703,085 561,339 792,041 630,979 661,557 1,056,166 2,796,403 1,683,422 1.875,861 99,793 $95,012,366 84,944,878 96,103.769 103.702.859 125.909,862 112.215.673 143.267.019 97.476,328 109.082.168 6.381.964 103.801,757 $5,532,060 7.294.392 8,642,089 10,663,300 11,753,094 12,401,038 8,841,832 7.696,678 5,766,363 1,500.973 $20,564,276 24,419,374 24,284.403 24,905.136 26.427.873 23,892,972 23,677,058 30,837,831 26,085,781 14,895,660 $26,086,336 31,713.766 32.926.492 35.668.436 38.180.967 36.294.010 32.618.890 38.534.409 31.852,144 16,396.633 30,652,531 21.21 23.00 26.24 29.98 20.78 34.17 27.19 19.97 18.08 9.15 ♦$68,926,030 ♦53.231,112 ♦63.177.277 ♦68.134.423 ♦87.728,895 ♦75.921.663 ♦110.748,129 ♦58,941.919 ♦77,240.024 -10,014,699 ♦73,149,226 Estimated value of foreign trade for 7 years. Year Imports Exports Transit Trade 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1917. 1918. 1919. $1,472,426,000 1,575,036,000 1,161,378,000 848,622,000 435,000,200 250,452,160 738,? 22. 000 $1,261,426,000 1,239,366.000 1.007.010.000 703.098.000 336,67'i.:i00 102.4 17. 13S 3^1, 348. 000 14.706.000.000 kg. 16,622,000.000 10,677,000.000 6.549.000,000 Value of trade with principal countries of origin and destination in 1914 and 1915, in United States currency. Countries Imports Countries Exports 1914 1915 1914 1916 From Prussia Great Britain Belgium $352,031,400 141,172,600 98,861.800 158,790,000 75,656,400 20,881,400 35,938,800 11,014.800 18.934.200 28.140.000 $244,416,000 159.232,200 25,286.800 152,438,400 40.200 133,062,000 2,653,200 6,110.400 40.200 3.457.200 To Prussia Great Britain B«lgiun> . $419,085,000 242.084,400 88,239.000 66.928.000 67.566.400 13.647,400 9.286,200 7,999,800 8.723.400 19.296.000 $287,188,800 188.537.000 46,787.800 63,023,800 241.200 47,154.600 3.457,200 Dutch East Indies Russia United States of America British India United States of America Dutch East Indies Hamburg France France Italy 24.843.600 Hamburg Russia Spain Bremen ' 'i.929.666_ THE NETHERLANDS 323 Value of principal articles of import during the calendar year 1917: Principal Imports Value Total Imports, Principal Imports Value Total Imports, Gold coin Gold bullion, leaf, and waste Wheat Coal Com Norwegian lumber: Sawed Round or square, sawed or hewn Cotton yarn, untwined and undyed Sumatra leaf tobacco Java leaf tobacco Palm-kernel oil Cement Tools and instruments Copra Linseed cake and meal Per Cent $37,712,000 8.67 7,239,000 1.66 29,115,000 6.69 28,205,000 6.48 14,605.000 3.36 13.979.000 3.21 6.051.000 1.16 12.325.000 2.83 11.707.000 2.69 8,899.000 2.06 7,168,000 1.65 7,016,000 1.61 6,560,000 1.51 6,508,000 1.50 6.083.000 1.17 Chile saltpeter, crude North American cotton raw . Wool, unwashed and rough washed Java coffee, unroasted Coke Cacao beans Barley. Rapeseed oil Petroleum Oats Cottonseed oil Iron and steel: Beams, rods, bands, etc., profiled Plates Drawn bars and rods others, n. e $5,040,000 4,665,000 4.281,000 4.198.000 4.129.000 3.559.000 3.646.000 3.472.000 3.273.000 3.101.000 2.920.000 2.884.000 4.767.000 4.100.000 4.590,000 Per Cent 1.16 1.07 .98 .96 .95 .82 .82 .80 .75 .71 .67 .66 1.10 .94 1.06 Value of principal articles of export during the calendar year 1917: Principal Exports Value Total Exports Principal Exports Value Total Exports Margarine and artificial butter Cheese Butter Condensed milk, sweetened. . . Dried vegetables Fresh eggs Diamonds, cut and uncut, not set Sumatra leaf tobacco Salt pork and bacon Java leaf tobacco . ._ Flax, retted and swingled .... Pickled vegetables Gold coin Metal-filament electric lamps . Fresh sea fish, n. e. s Per Cent $33,626,000 9.99 27,705,000 8.23 21,673,000 6.44 13,434,000 3.99 11,608,000 3.45 11,189,000 3.32 9,939,000 2.95 9,701,000 2.88 7,759,000 2.30 7,505,000 2.23 7,424,000 2.21 6,114,000 1.82 5.940.000 1.76 5.054.000 1.50 4.557.000 1.35 Bleached cotton goods Onions and shallots Cigars Potatoes Flower bulbs Horses, less than 3 years old. Seed-leaf tobacco, in the leaf. American leaf tobacco Fresh vegetables, n Sauerkraut Fowls, slaughtered . Colored cottons Greek leaf tobacco . Strawboard paper. , Quinine sulphate and other alkaloids of quinia e. s. $4,369,000 4,194,000 3,938,000 3,930,000 3,183,000 3,030,000 2,933,000 2,901,000 2,780,000 2,724,000 2,517,000 2,506,000 2,502,000 2,405,000 2,367,000 Per Cent 1.30 1.25 1.17 1.17 .95 .90 .87 .86 .83 .81 .75 .74 .72 .71 .70 Production and Industry The total area of the Netherlands, is divided as follows: Uncultivated land, 1,080,550 acres; cultivated land, arable 2,158,053 acres; pasture, 3,093,326; gardens and orchards, 210,^; forests, 435,686 acres. The land is divided into large estates in the provinces of Zealand, North Holland, South Holland and Groningen, and small estates in Limburg, Over3rssel, North Brabant and Guelders. Area under principal crops during 5 years, in acres: Crops 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 Wheat Rye Barley Oats Sugar beets. Potatoes ... Fodder roots 148,985 562,356 66.633 348,066 156.188 423.642 67.114 163.751 546.077 63.232 368.232 139.687 437.373 61.244 134,939 493.642 69.781 343.286 159.746 424,427 64.917 121.862 667,176 61.369 382,704 112.991 429,630 86,175 143.937 428,261 57,712 370.181 91,668 405,110 83.772 324 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS '<«• SS A M o >o 00 ^ A e^ ^ c» CO Ot>.t-iC«i0C00»W5t.C0O n »D CI -l-ll-H 1-4 t^OaCSiC—cOiOOlNOOQi-t 8 •-•W t-i 1-1 1-. CO CO ^ s C4 CO jjcooOjgesiooNScoS COi-n-iNi-iC5«-ieit*b.rtO^ S2fe22®Q0ci«w5co W'*o»«t>.o»'H355loo ^^ 1-1 i-ici S 5J:s§; 3 e^ eo«cr>iMO«t>.t^o»»N ^4^Neo^ f-H ^^ 04^4 COM 00 oo c*eo 04 04 CO CM coco CM Oo >»£-g^ J a a M ^tsja t'*«Jr''4>*'OrtSo.S d£Q66p2c2tSz:3 s o THE NETHERLANDS 325 Produce of the principal crops during five years (ofiicial figures except for 1918-1919 which are estimated) expressed in tons: Crops 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 1918-19 Wheat Rye Barley Oats Sugar beeta. Potatoes . . . , Fodder roots 168,015 375,969 70,227 345,353 2,193.600 3,277,310 801.211 206,112 449.783 78,618 368,963 1.885,434 3,439,084 786.816 139,142 325,018 55.322 319.625 1.888,521 2,852,930 766,120 114,819 370,107 50,196 318.439 1.604,089 3.364,098 1,210,044 127.606 327,771 60.627 363,248 1.186.546 4.041,255 1.119,228 Fisheries: In 1916 there were 6,151 vessels engaged in the fisheries. The value of the North Sea herring catch was $1,867,815. Mines and Manufactures: Coal is mined in Limburg from mines principally owned by the state In 1916 the product amounted to 2,914,252 tons valued at $18,332,400. There are no oflScial statistics of all manufacturing industries. There are, however 413 breweries, 384 distilleries, 9 sugar refineries, 30 beet sugar refineries, 60 vinegar manu- factories and 31 salt works. There were (1913-14) a total of 9,432 corporate enterprises established in the Netherlands with a total capital of 2,138,089,000 guilders ($79 511 778) The textile industry comprises (1918), 68 cotton mills, 73 woolon mills, 57 linen and damask mills and 2 silk manufactories. Of the 68 cotton mills, 23 had an employed personnel of 9,839, and used 20,377 horsepower. Of the 73 woolen mills, 13 employed 2,145 petsons and used 3,260 horsepower. Of the 57 linen and damask manufactories, 11 employed 1,263 persons and consumed 1,507 horsepower. In 1912 there were 602 textile manufacturing establishments of all kinds employing 54,594 persons. Of these factories 205 had an average personnel of 16.2; 115 an average of 36.8; 103 an average of 215.5; 82 an average of 72.4-14 an average of 648 and 7 an average of 1 348. The number of employees had dropped by May 1, 1918, to 37, 279 in consequence of slack conditions due to lack of fuel and raw materials. Of these, 20,289 were adult males 9,324 adult females, 3,404 males under 17, and 4.262 females under 17. ' The Dutch textile industry centers in the district known as the Twente (south and east Overyssel), the eastern part of Gelderland, and the northern and eastern portions of North Brabant. The city of Enschede and the neighboring village of Tonneker is the center of the cotton spinning and weaving industry, having 23 out of 66 plants. Tilburg in North Brabant, is the center of the wool industry, having 42 out of 73 nulls. Eindhoven has 1 1 out of 57 linen and damask mills. Details of the manufacturing industries operating under the labor insurance law: No. of Factories Faience glass, stone, etc Diamond and other precious stones Printing and engraving Building industries Chemical industries Wood and straw Clothing and dry cleaning Art industries Leather, rubber, etc Mines, coal, peat Metals Machines, instruments Construction, boats and wagons. . . Paper Textile industries Gae works and electrical plants Manufacture of food products Total No. of Employees 37,110 8,600 16,727 4.459 11.591 25.651 30.924 430 8.526 982 78.567 ' 9.474 54.594 6,322 84,486 378.443 326 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Railways: Four principal companies have lines with a total length of 2,385 miles. The gauge is 1.50 meters or 4 feet 11 inches. Canals and Roads: There are about 2,000 miles of canals and about 3,000 miles of road Telegraph and Telephone: There are adequate systems of both telegraph and telephone State telegraph offices number (1916) 1,225. The state owned interurban telephone system had (1916) 2,258 miles of line, and carried 10,690,339 interurban and 37.642 inter- national calls. Money: The Netherlands adopted the gold standard in 1875. The unit of currency is the guilder or florin of 100 cents, having a par value of $0,402 United States currency. Gold pieces of 10 and 5 guilders are coined. Other coins are the rijksdaalder of 2^ guilders the H guilder, H guilder (kwartje) and 1-10 guUder (dubbeltje). There are nickel 5 cent and bronze 2>^, 1, and ^ cent pieces. Weights and Measures: The metric system prevails. Language: Although Duteh is the language of the country, commercial correspondence is carried on m English. Local Advertising Media: There are four exceUent dafly newspapers, one in Rotterdam and three in Amsterdam. The class and trade pubUcations are not highly developed. Posters and electric display signs, as well as railway stations and tram cars are extensively employed as media. Shipping Routes: Holland America Line; Red Star Line; Royal Duteh West India Mail Line. Customs Tariff: The Netherlands is practicaUy a free trade country. A few duties are assessed on certain articles averaging from 3 to 5 per cent, ad valorem. Consular regulations : No documents are required, and there are no restrictions as to marks, weighte, ete. ' Cable rates: Twenty-five cente per word from New York and New England. Postal rates: Postal Union rates. MaU time: About 9 days to Rotterdam. Parcel Post: Service extends to the Netherlands. Limit of weight, 11 pounds. International reply coupons: Issued. Money orders: Issued. NORWAY 327 NORWAY (See Map. Page 243) Norway, which occupies the western portion of the Scandinavian peninsula, has an area approximately equivalent to that of the combined states of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland. The capital and principal city, Christiania, is about the same size as Providence, R. L The principal industries of Norway are fisheries, lumbering and shipping. Agriculture owing to the unfavorable character of a large portion of the land, is not highly developed. The cod fisheries on the Lofanten Islands are of great importance as are the herring fisheries off Stevanger and Haugesund. Mackerel, sabnon, and sea trout are likewise caught. The most important manufacturing industries are the lumber mills, wood pulp, and other timber product factories, textile nulls, foundries, paper mills, flour mills, fish canneries and ship-building yards. A great deal of Norwegian capital is invested in shipping, and although Norway is not an exporter of manufactured products, it has the highest per capita tonnage— .667 — of any nation in the world. The railway mileage of Norway is most extensive in the southeastern portion of the country, but an important line runs north to Trondhjem and east from the coast connecting with the Swedish line. Four lines in all cross the frontier into Sweden. The per capita importe of Norway in 1916 amounted to $137.83. The per capita exporte in the same year amounted to $99.32. Area and Population DiBtriets Kristi&nia (town), Akerehufl Olsfold Hedmark Orland Huskerud Vestfold.... '..... Telemark Auat-Agder Vest-Aider Ryfylke Hoid aland Bergen (town> . . . Sogn OK Fjordane More Sor-Trondelag Nerd Trondelag. . Nordland Troma Finmark a Total Area Sq. MUes Estimated Population Jan. 1, 1918 Population Dec. 1, 1910 6 2,020 1.599 10.607 9.756 5.719 895 5.863 3.608 2.804 3.530 6.024 5 7,133 6.786 7,184 8.683 14,917 10,131 18,366 124.642 259.445 163.054 159.289 146.831 127,675 134.383 121,723 124.740 79,825 87.184 168.792 157.000 90.733 91.080 158,876 167,522 88,773 172,700 89,608 44.777 2,632,010 241,834 128,042 152.306 134,555 119.236 123.643 109,076 108.084 76.456 82,067 141.040 146.006 76.867 90.040 144.622 148.306 84.948 164,687 81,902 38,065 2,391,782 1 328 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Population of principal towns (estimate 1918) Kri8tiania (Christiania).. 259,445 g«»-8en-. 90.733 Trondhjem 53,722 Stavanger 46.100 Drammen 26 108 Haugesund 18000 Kristiansand 17*280 S*'®"--: 16.586 Aalwsund 16,500 iredrikstad 16,674 Commerce Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Norway for eleven years. Year ended June 30 Exports Domestic Foreign Total Imports Free Dutiable 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 $5,798,765 6,940,785 7,350,372 8,323.961 8,363,208 9,063,646 38.425,938 52,204,195 81,337.804 24,576,663 $7,348 8.545 6,033 7,762 28,250 2,964 648.763 1,441.100 663,832 639.579 $5,806,113 5.949,330 7,356,405 8,331.723 8.391.458 9,066,610 39.074.701 53,645,295 82,001,636 25.216,242 101.641.460 ToUl $624,052 1.088.929 1.133,932 1.712,150 780,327 5,912.923 7.476.801 5.257.704 4,756.603 2.168,782 Per cent free Excess of exports (♦) or imports (-) $4,019,557 5,463,056 6.875.558 6,539,568 7,638,032 3,284,342 3,192,063 1.594,010 2.351,708 1.066.238 $4,643,609 6.651.985 8.009.490 8.251.718 8,418,359 9,197,265 10.668,864 6.851.714 7.108,311 3.235,020 3,219,245 13.44 16.62 14.16 20.75 9.27 64.29 70.08 76.74 66.92 67.05 ♦$1,162,504 -602,655 -653,085 *80.005 -26,901 -130,655 ♦28.405,837 ♦46,793,581 ♦74.893,325 ♦21.981,222 ♦98.422,460 Value of foreign trade during 5 years, in U. S. currency: 1912 1913 1914 Imports (foreign) Exports (Norwegian) Exports (foreign) $140,897,033 87.398,8.56 2.961,400 1916 1916 $148.a52,204 102.084,442 3,1.35.814 $152,030,155 105.696.520 121.689.268 $232,615,370 177,147.035 4.224,591 $362,782,193 262.427,460 3.450.607 for Jltru.l^:™;:"'^ "^' •""' '"^-^ °' ^'°™««*- <^'>^ ^y con>.>odities, Classes of Goods Imports Exports Animals, living Animal produce (malty food) BreadstufFs Groceries Fruits, plants, etc Spirits, etc Yarn. rope, etc Textile manufactures. etc Hair, skins, etc Tallow, oils, tar, etc Timber and wooden goods Dye stuffs Different vegetable pro ducts Classes of Goods $53.4661 6.838,812 35,573.784 20,989.974 5,752,646 5,326.714 13.258,040 27.416.480 7.991,331 23.982.643 13.258.170 2,467.688 6,249,610 $468,088 87,441,664 31,543 64,909 142,683 68,785 553,178 355.019 8.558.2041 24,379,156 48.154.668 111.836 68.397 Imports Exports manu- Paper and paper factures Minerals, unwroughit. ! . . Mmerals. manufactured. Metals, unwrought or partly wrought Metals, manufactured . . , VesseljB. carriages, ma- chinery, etc Total Re-exports. Grand total. $2,344,758 64.744.168 17,297,962 23,477,684 22,608.033 76.245,142 $362,782,193 $16,601,271 9.279.626 31,881,280 18.806,638 2,246,992 13,126,676 $262,427,460 3,460.607 $266,878,067 NORWAY 329 Value of imports and exports by countries of origin and destination in 1916 in U. S. currency: Country Imports Exports Country Imports Exports Sweden • Denmark. Iceland, and Faeroe Russia and Finland. . . . Germany SwJtierland Netherlands Belgium Great Britain and Ire- land France Portugal and Madeira. . $35,496,188 $18,317,773 20,306,467 11,577,224 1.786.729 26.261,802 47.894.335 78.196,082 1,318,292 7,932 12,545,080 4.725,789 45,479 8,093 100,233,688 73,745,632 6.257.532 21,198.612 2,547.500 446,059 Spain Italy Austria and Hungary . Greece Turkey and Roumania Africa Asia Australia America Not stated Total $12,004,497 2,492,400 1,552,818 8.979.393 2.921 738.062 8,979.393 26 103,932,812 279.041 $362,782,193 $2,157,035 1,725,518 1.636.596 107 "'i.'37i",8ii 7,657,688 3.708,959 13,213,827 118.482 $264,873,244 Production and Industry The territory of Norway is mountainous and unproductive; three quarters of the land is unproductive, about one-fifth is forest, and about one-thirtieth is under cultivation. The most recent census of property holdings (1907) returned a total of 246,634 farms, of which 142,930 consisted of less than 2 hectares (hectare =2.47 acres); 16,590 consisted of more than 10 and less than 50 hectares, 371 consisted of more than 50 hectares and 20,839 were under garden cultivation. Acreage and produce in bushels, of principal crops: Crops Acreage 1915 1916 1917 Produce 1916 1916 1917 Wheat Barley Oats Rye Mixed Corn. Potatoes . . . Hay (tons) . 13.608 97.213 306,016 48.205 15,269 113,454 14.758 101.652 321,161 50.308 15,837 119.105 19.469 115,646 355,220 57.482 16,843 144,947 284,880 2,680,014 10,209,002 828,852 .556,149 19,940,686 2,606,816 316,940 3,412,158 13,892,495 941,886 654,629 31,310,389 3,075,007 431.151 3,819.065 14.580.291 1.159,174 655.330 42,586,097 2,526,356 The livestock consists of 220,900 horses, 1,053,740 head of cattle, 1,216,290 sheep, 203,850 goats and 224,800 swine. The forests and fisheries are the most important of Norway's natural resources. The forest area is estimated at about 27,(XX) square miles more than three quarters of which is under pine. The total value of the product of the fisheries in 1915 was $22,858,262. The principal products and values were: herring, $8,984,515; cod, $9,564,158; mackerel, $999,- 419; salmon and sea trout, $319,378; and lobsters, $196,317. There were 92,865 persons employed in the cod fishery, 20,870 in the herring fishery and 4,490 in the mackerel fishery. Copper, iron, silver and sulphur are the important mineral products. The total value of mineral products in 1916 was $8,495,868. The principal products entering into this total were pyrites, $3,872,600; iron ore, $2,516,820; copper ore, $879,040; and nickel ore $83,080. The production of copper smelting in 1916 was valued at $1,598,620; nickel as $974,180, and silver at $191,620. There were 89 mines employing 7,345 persons and 10 smelting furnaces employing 460 persons in 1916. tBMl fl 1 330 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Manufactures: 19,6i"'* °'™'^' °' '°'"^'^' <^^^^-*' and of worker, employed in each industry in Industries Estab- lish- ments Workers over 18 years Male Workers under 18 years Female Mining Quan-ies and ceramic indiwtry Machmery and metal work Chemical industry; manufMture' of oaint*" " «t plosives, oil and soaps. . ' "* "' P«»nt8. ex p5S"*^*' '°<^"8t'->' (light and power)/.; ". .' [ [ ] [[[] leather and rubber. Wood. bone, horn, meerschaum .' *ooa Clothing Printing !...... Miscellaneous. Textiles Total . 89 292 944 311 211 197 99 2.044 1.652 436 321 27 263 2.491 2.347 30,200 10.446 1.810 12,312 995 21,143 10,404 2.188 2,541 683 3.276 6,886 111,764 181 526 1.577 879 107 2,014 174 630 9,631 6.536 1,148 37 6,337 Male Female Total 29.777 388 608 4.388 549 51 682 135 2.391 1,805 488 369 44 718 12,706 220 159 541 293 2 476 74 362 2,632 1.063 345 1.308 3.280 3,370 36.706 12,167 1.970 15,484 1.378 24.526 24,472 11.275 4.403 764 11,639 7.475 126,962 Money, Weights and Measures: kronJSSX&X°l^T'' '"*'T -"f '^"""'^ ""^ '^^'^- -^-^ Norwegian standJd isl^W Gold ^Ic^o^i-r ^ ' "" ^^ "f ' *^-^^ United Sutes currency. The notes of l.O^^ j^ ^ toZ T^r^""' '^"' ^'"^ ""^ ^™"«<*- National bank .ystem of weight ;nd ^e^ulL^^va^"" "" "°"'*""^ "' "" "•'" «"''^- '''"' ■""'- Language: corx^Sn'ce!"' ""^^ °' '"'""''' ""' ^°«'^'' "> -""»°°'y -P'oyed in commercial Local Advertising Media: tiaing^me^f Ssl'^7e:[rird^f' ' ''"''"*' "^l' '"'"^"'"'^ ''^ "^-P"" ""^ver- tram ca^ are exte^^veiripC astr."'"'' " "'*" " ''""' ™ ^''^^ «'«"°- -« Consular Representation: Gulfport (Miss) St I/)>1 rLt p T n v 1; ^»'*'™<»«. Boston, Detroit, St. Paul, Wib^gton. G:ifd F^rra^elf'p^'^' ^.'^°' """^ "^°"' C''^' Niagara Falls, Stavltn T^^ndSm.'"'"'"'"'''"""'*''""''*'^ "' ««"^"' ^-istiania, Christiansand, NORWAY 331 Shipping Routes: Norwegian-America Line. Seager Line. Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required, and there are no restrictions as to marks, weights, etc. Cable Rate: From New York and New England states, $0.35 per word. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: To Christianiai 10 days. Parcel Post: Service extends to Norway. Limit of weight eleven pounds. Greatest length of package 3 feet 6 inches. Greatest length and girth, combined, 6 feet. Money Orders: Issued. International Reply Coupons: VaUd. 332 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS POLAND to i^l^^'Toll't^ilZ.T' new European countries which owes ite elation . about as c ^Miis ;:t^r k'-p^:;:*: -^^^^^^^^^ ^^'"^ '■"•-'- -•"«" PoIan1rthrc'hi^"iStrll\:::^"1"'"" °' '^f " ''"' '"« P"""P^ »« f°™«' P™«ian PoUnd possess to a highly p.SuL'^tnS;: ""* "' "" '"*^'^^* •'•'«^''«-' *"- -« b^"*" ^on^tT-^. part '^LT^X^'^f- '"'"' '-'^'y - -"'^y -<» p- situated regions, in' a rather bX^s;:te^''*'"*' "^ '^"'^'*°" "'*'' o""" ^»**' this zi s^i^ra^^u^grfi^r r^Vth-r f "^''*-'-' •""'-"^'^ ■■- growing land amounts therefo.' ^^^^r^Tnt^^f thi ^v^^bS- "^^ '^'""^ '"'^ o.h^r:^jtxr:d^^:rsStiri --"• -- of unfavorable soO conditions. ^^^* ^^^^^^ ^^^ ce^*- "es until now waste on account valley of Vistula, here the fanning lands attain without pastures fift^ight POLAND 335 per cent, of the territory, and with these, seventy per cent. Further east the amount of waste soils increases progressively and forms in the north-eastern section about 20 per cent,, with thirty-two per cent, of farm-land, sixteen percent, of pastures and thirty-two per cent, of forests. Two types of land property predominate in Poland; large estates of above KXX) acres, and smaU properties from 5 to 100 acres. The number of large estates diminishes progressively, as large tracts are being yearly purchased by small holders, thus increasing uninterruptedly the part occupied by small owners. About seven per cent, of large estates go over every year into the hands of small farmers. Congress Poland had in 1912, 2,210,900 head of cattle; 1,234,600 horses; 587,600 sheep and 838,200 pigs. In Galicia in 1910 there were 2,505,000 head of cattle; 1,835,900 sheep; 905,800 horses and 2,58,000 pigs. During the war it is estimated that seventy per cent, of Poland's livestock was destroyed. The most important mineral products are: coal (630,000 tons in 1913-1915); iron ore (total output, 309,800 tons in 1910-1913); zinc and lead ore (640,000 tons in 1913); mineral salt (about 250,000 tons a year); rock oil (1,766,000 tons in GaUcia, 1910); potassium salts (37,000 tons in Galicia in 1911). The textile industry is the most important of Poland's manufacturing industries. Next in importance are the metallurgical establishments, blast furnaces, and chemical plants. In 1910 the country had 10,953 industrial estabUshments employing 400,422 workmen, with a total production valued at $446,925,600. Lodz is the center of the textile trade, but Warsaw is first in point of the number and variety of industries located there. In 1912 there were in Lodz and Warsaw 1,166 textile factories with 1,500,000 cotton spindles, 925,000 wool spindles, 35,000 cotton looms and 24,000 wool looms. In 1912 there were in Congress Poland 30 metallurgical factories employing 16,000 men which produced 418,000 tons of pig iron and 630,000 tons of iron and steel, the value of the output exceeding $15,000,000. In the same year there were in Congress Poland 1,510 factories engaged in the manufacture of iron and steel products, machines, boilers, sheet iron, etc., with an estimated annual output valued at $60,000,000. In upper Silesia there were in 1912, 46 metallurgical factories which produced about 1,000,000 tons of pig iron and 1,500,000 tons of iron and steel. The total value of the output of the entire metal industry of Upper Silesia exceeded $100,000,000 annually. In the oil zone in Eastern GaUcia there is a highly developed refining industry. In 1912, 900,000 tons of petrol were refined, and there were produced 350,000 tons of petroleum for illuminating purposes, 70,000 tons of gasoline and 50,000 tons of paraflSne. The lumber industry is important in Upper Silesia, the former Russian Poland, and in Galicia, where there are large saw mills, the product of which was formerly exported to Germany and Austria; about 50,000 tons of paper were produced annually. The principal chemical product of Poland is agricultural fertiUzer, although some general chemical works had begun operation in what was Prussian Poland before the war. Railways: The length of the railways in Congress Poland is 1,861, with 99 miles of narrow- gauge road. Galicia has 2,554 miles of railway, and west Prussia and Posen, 2,880 miles. Telegraphs, Telephones, Post Offices: (Statistics are for Galicia only, 1910.) The length of telegraph lines in 1910 was 5,025 miles, with 25,922 miles of wires. There were 822 telegraph offices. 1,900,873 private telegrams were despatched. There were 82 local telephone systems, with 7,745 miles of local wires and 3,782 miles of inter-town wires. Post offices numbered 1,451. 336 ■ EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OP FOREIGN MARKETS Language : Money: f«0 lis nT ""'"''*'^ "°JV" '^ '^ ">" 8°''' ^'°'y '^'>''='> '^" have the value of a franc Weights and Measures: Commercial European Line. Polish-American Navigation Corporation. Customs Tariff: and .3 98 tU '"'''"'"' ""' ''*™''° *"'^«- 'f''« ^-'^ »,. all specific. Consular Regulations: Consular Representation: A Polish consular official is stationed in Kew Ynrlr nn,^ fK^ tt •* j o. x . sular official in Warsaw. ' ^^® ^'"^ ^^^ *^ * con- Cable Rates: From New York and New England States, $0.43 per word Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Eleven days. Parcels Post: Service does not extend to Poland. Money Orders: Issued. International Reply Coupons: Not issued. PORTUGAL 337 I PORTUGAL A republic in southwestern Europe bounded by Spain and the Atlantic Ocean. The capital and principal city, Lisbon, is a little larger than Milwaukee; next in commercial importance is Oporto, which is about as large as Omaha. The area of Portugal is a Uttle larger than that of the state of Maine. The principal industries of Portugal are agriculture, fruit raising and mining. The most important agricultural crops are wheat, rye, oats, barley and beans. There are large ohve groves and the manufacture of oUve oil is an important industry. Grapes are extensively cultivated and the wine production of the country is very large. The industry centers in Oporto. The most important mineral product is copper, which is mined in the southern portion of the country. Iron, tin, and lead are Ukewise produced. Fisheries are important and sardines and tunny fish are largely exported. Of the manu- facturing industries the most important are the textile mills and the canning factories. Metallurgical plants are being developed. The most important railway in Portugal forms a longitudinal system running from the Spanish border through Oporto and Lisbon. Another Une runs from Lisbon to Coimbra and connects with the Spanish Railway system. A third Hne runs from Oporto eastward to the Spanish border connecting there with the Spanish system. The per capita imports of Portugal in 1916 amounted to $7.68. The per capita exports of Portugal in 1916 amounted to $6.34. The climate of Portugal is mild, but not hot. |i| m t \ 338 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Area and Population Provinces and Districts Area in Sq. Miles Entre Minho-e-Douro: Vianna do Castello. , Braga Porto Population in 1911 Tras-os-Montes : Villa Real Braganca Per Sq. Mile 1911 857 1,040 893 2,790 Beira: Aveiro Viseu Coimbra Guarda Castello Brancho. 227.420 382,461 679.978 1,289,859 1,650 2,513 4,163 Estremadura : Leiria , Sanatarem . Lisbon 1,065 1,937 1.506 2,116 2.582 Alemtejo: Portalegre. Evora .... Beja 9,208 245,687 192,133 437.820 336.243 416.860 360,056 271.816 241.509 251.2 343.4 669.6 419.5 146.8 73.7 102.7 1,317 2.555 3,065 6.937 1.626.484 284.7 207.7 220.3 123.6 83.9 164.6 262,558 322.753 853,415 Algarve (Faro) Total, Continental . Islands: Axores Madeira (Funchal) . . . 2,405 2,856 3,958 9.219 1.438,726 141,778 144.307 192.499 181.3 110.8 231.5 177.6 1.937 Total islands . Grand total . . 34,254 922 314 1,236 478,584 274,122 51.7 44.8 41.3 45.1 6.545,595 242,613 169.777 412.390 35,490 5.957,985 131.7 146.4 277.9 479.5 329.2 152.8 Commerce Value of the total trade of the United States with Portugal for eleven years. Year Ended June 30 ExPOBTS Domestic Foreign Total 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Free Imports Dutiable $3,899,555 3.223,724 2.663.401 2.755.001 4.151.848 5.216,958 5.067.776 15.283.894 13,637.057 21,641.684 $1,860 131 6.509 10,653 15,310 6,090 12,261 41,299 84,083 39,853 Total Per Cent. Fiee $3,901,405 3,223,855 2,669,910 2,765,654 4,167,158 5,223,048 5,080,037 15,325,193 13,721.140 21,681.537 21,975.728 $5,413,402 5,519.886 6.149.186 5.253,307 6,702.405 4,939,183 3.941,128 5,736.134 6.760,762 2,751,785 Excess of Exports (♦) or Imports (-) $827,160 987.847 866.172 946.883 1.167.818 1,225.882 1.180.811 1.435.161 2.173.116 2,278,848 $6,240,562 6.507,733 7,015,358 6,200,190 6,870,223 6,166,065 5,121,939 7.171.295 8.933.878 5.030.633 4,427,723 86 .74 82.82 1 87 67 84 73 83.00 1 80 12 76 95 79.99 1 75. 68 54.70 1 -12.339.157 -3.283.878 -4.345,448 -3,434,536 -2,703,065 -942.017 -41.902 ♦8.153,898 ♦4.787.262 ♦16.650,904 ♦17,548,005 PORTUGAL 339 Value of the foreign trade of Lisbon for 1917 and 1918: 1017 1918 Imports Exports Re-exports: Colonial Foreign Total $56,381,560 34.598.360 17,621,280 10,152,000 $120,753,200 $97,364,160 49,478,040 9,959,760 12,057,120 $168,859,080 Value of the principal articles exported during 1917 and 1918 from Lisbon: Articles 1917 1918 Beverages Copper ore Cork: Plugs Sha\aDgs . . . . . Squares Wood Cotton: Raw Manufactured Flour Lumber Olive oa Potatoes Salt Vegetables Vinegar Wine $261,366 457,988 671,752 460,203 71.985 1,721,111 1,091,766 413,432 46,165 175.456 660.948 26,346 91,290 688,156 44.083 6,677.054 $446,916 887,515 874.362 1.695 1.282,883 1,734.858 406,220 81,971 119,124 889.275 132.486 189.663 55.345 11.719.266 Total foreign trade of Portugal for four years: Year Imports Exports Total 1913 $103,213,020 76.062.380 31.124.100 45.768.800 $40,946,900 29.253.920 25.686.500 37.796,400 $144,159,920 105,316.300 66,810,600 83,565,200 1914 1915 ;;; *; 1916 ' Totals of imports and exports for Portuguese trade during the five preceding years: Year Imports EXPOBTB Year IllPORTS Exports 1908 $84,516,667 71,217,096 76,505,295 $31,620,380 35,811,927 30,739,141 1911 74,486,679 81,598,274 37.247.029 38 534 353 1909 1912 1910 \ 340 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS PORTUGAL 341 f Comparative trade figures for 1915 and 1916. 1915 1916 Importation Exportation Re-exportation (colonial) , Re-exportation (foreign) . Total. Increase $31,124,100 10.502.800 10.500.000 4.683.700 $57,810,600 $45,768,800 20.699.700 11.764.200 6.512.500 $14,654,700 10,196.900 1,264.200 828.800 $83.745.200 I $26.924 nnn Value of importfl and exports in seven main classifications for 1913 and 1914: iMPOBn 1913 Living animala Raw materials TextUee Food Bubetances Machinery Various manufacturea. Packing Total. $2,134,080 39.804.540 8,752.320 27.349.480 16.856.160 8.138,320 178,200 1914 $329,400 32.408,640 7.078.320 22.509.360 6.760.800 6.684.920 190,940 EXPOBTB 1913 1014 $4,023,600 9.529.920 1.328,400 20.823.720 199.800 4.041.360 Imports by claasification of articles during 1914 *^Q3'^^3.020 I $76.062.380 I »40.946.9nn $864,000 7,789.120 1.264,440 17,167.680 172,520 3.996,160 $29.253.920 Articles Value Articles Animals Animal products not specified Wool Animal fats and oils ! . Hides, raw and cured . Tripe, salted or dry. . . Cotton Linen and hemp ....'' Oils .....!!; Seeds §08ill WW.. 5* Barley Oil seeds Tobacco Wood. Mmeral water Cement, lime Coal Sulphur ; ; ; ; Je?«^eb. .... Oil. lUimunating Oil, lubricating ParafEne \ Minerals, unspecified.!. All other minerals . . . Metals: Steel 3^*d Copper Wire Copper, brass, bronse Tin. Iron \\ Iron, galvanised, etc.' Iron in wire Gold bars Silver ^ Zino Oienucals ^*^» • • Dyes Value 50,760 1.552,040 307.240 2.169.720 77,760 6.309,280 256,880 224,160 64,800 33,960 47,528 93,160 1.400.760 1,002.240 718,280 12.960 256,560 5.550,120 227,880 15,120 520,560 385,560 36,720 18,360 1,022,080 922,320 190,080 55,080 262,440 363,040 1.785,240 1.261,440 105,000 575.480 261,360 62,640 1,949,240 12,960 479,520 Articles essence em- $237,440 Medicines and for perfumes Fertilizer Materials for the manii facture of paper Thread Shawls and bander- chiefs Peys ! ! ! ! . Fabrics (not specified) '. Silk Cotton manufactures..! Lmen manufactures Caoutchouc and gutta percha, manufactures of Trimmings and broideries Alcohol Cognac and liquors Beer Wine Gin !;;; Barley ! ! . Maize ! ! ^ Corn !!!!!! Cereals ! . ] Canary seed ....!! Fecula R»ce Potatoes. . , Flour ;;;;; Beans ',*,*' Sugar ! Cocoa, ... Coffee !!!!!!!' Spices Tea .' Molasses Fish $76,680 1.240.920 356,400 75,600 27,000 77,760 558,360 1,354,320 2.962,440 1.517.880 132,840 415.800 11,880 12.960 14.040 14.040 8.640 19.720 2.^43.760 6,610.080 631,360 99,000 90.720 1,910.680 633.320 47.440 86.400 3,367,440 82.080 709,560 55,080 270,480 1.080 4,100,480 Value Conserves Sweets \\\ Vegetables, fresh.* '.'" Fruits, dried and fresh Butter Pimento !!!!!! Storage ! ! ! ! ! Cheese ! ! ! ! ! Instruments, machines etc.: Pianos Adding machines typewriters, etc . . . Musical instruments Coaches Boats new Bicycles Automobile parts. . . . Material for R. R. Arms Hides, manufactures, . . Feathers, manufactures Ammal products, not specified, manufac- tures Vegetable matter! man- tures pottery and ceramics! ! Mineral manufactures not specified Metal manufactures. Gold currency Gold manufactures. ! silver currency Silver manufactures. ! . . Plating of copper, lead, iron, etc Paper and manufac- tures of All other manufactures $69,040 115,560 25,920 35.640 6.160 89.640 17,280 185.240 106,920 3.728,240 120,520 180,360 291,600 65,880 1,080,000 517,560 138,920 83,160 5.400 44,280 497,960 182,520 410,400 61.560 1,679,160 249,480 30.520 8.640 22.680 58.320 863.360 1,690,080 Exports by classification of articles during 1914: Articles Value Articles Value Articles Value AnioMls live: Asses Goats Horses Sheep Mules Hogs Cattle •. ... Livestock not classi- fied Materials for indus- tries: FishoU Wool, washed Wool, unwashed Bides, uncured Hides, cured Elderberries Cork Cork in squares Corkdust Wood Wood, in planks Panels Beams, crossbars, etc . . Doned materials Mineral waters Silk Emobra. ._ Linen in the piece Linen partially worked . Sacks Cotton fabrics, em- broidered Linen fabrics, embroid- dered Brandy Cognac and liquors .... Vinegar Wine white Wine red Madeira Port , Wines, not qualified. . . Wheat , Other cereals in grain. , Wheat flour Potatoes Biscuits , Vegetables, dried , $4,320 18.360 16,200 129,160 66,160 134.920 873,680 124,200 30.240 58,320 9,720 289.440 32.400 6,400 3.473,280 77,760 97,200 667,440 46,640 92,880 45,360 14,040 37,800 144.520 110.160 3,240 1,080 32.400 160.920 56.160 14.040 32.400 636.220 3,238,920 508.680 5,835,240 244.000 2.160 18.360 580,940 304.560 113.400 166,240 im- Fish: SheUfish Tunny fresh &■ salted. Sardines, fresh and salted Lime in stone and pow- der . . . Coal mineral.... Antimony Lead Copper Iron Stone, marble and gran- ite Minends, unspecified. . Iron Metals, unspecified .... Wireless Salt Wine must Chemical products specL&ed Fertiliser Wax, crude or manufso- tured Pulp for manufacture of paper Essence for perfume . Wool in the piece. . . . Wood, partially worked Silk in the piece Silk partially worked.. . Cotton in the piece. . . . Cotton in the piece or dyed and pnnted in the piece Fresh fish, unspecified. Olive oil Animal fats Meats, fresh or pre- served Tunny, canned Sardines Fish, imspecified .... Olives Tomatoes, canned . . . Fruits ana vegetables O n' c6LO ••••••••••••• Carob bean $33,480 113.400 362,880 27,000 61.940 66,880 4,320 966,600 17,280 42.120 373.680 9,720 116,640 96,120 52,920 83.160 100,440 119,880 118,800 14,040 22,680 9,720 18.040 1,080 2.160 125,280 497,880 65,880 664.000 63,720 234,360 139,320 1.812,640 20.520 31.320 16.200 41,600 41.600 23.760 110,720 Almonds, shelled Almonds, unshelled. . . Pineapples Chestnuts Dried figs Oranges Apples Grapes Frmts, unspecified. . . . Garlic Onions Tomatoes Vegetables, unspecified. Eggs Cheese Machines, instruments, etc.: Agricultural imple- ments Industrial machines Boats Wagons Hides, manufactured.. Various manufactured articles Pottery Stones Tiles Glass Gold currency Silver currency Copper, manufactured Tin plate Metals in sheets Iron, manufactures . . . Gold, manufactures. . . Silver, manufactures . . Metals, manufactured, unspecified Paper, manufactures . . Caps Hats Twine Medicines Powder Hardware Soap Tobacco, manufactures Candles Varnish $153,480 30,240 436.320 25.920 180.160 3.240 36.720 154.440 34.560 31.320 198.720 16.200 11.880 126.360 15.120 37,840 22,680 16,200 31.320 11.880 973.080 6.480 5.400 30.240 14.040 1.274.120 664.040 5.400 20.520 17,240 128.520 4.320 130,680 15.200 136.080 3.240 16.200 35.640 41.040 1.080 24.840 87.480 230.040 6.480 2.160 Production and Industry Agricvllure: The statistics for 1912 show that in Portugal there are 5,774, 194 acres of farm land, 4,556,558 acres of pasture land, 1,910,648 acres of land covered with bushes and shrubs, 4,832,420 acres of forest. The total of productive land is 17,273,943 acres. The production for 1916 was as follows, 7,115,790 bushels of wheat, 2,676,107 bushels of rye, 3,189,078 bushels of oats, 1,158,641 bushels of barley, 1,102,400 bushels of beans, 195,733 tons of potatoes and 54,754 tons of cork. The wine industry is important in Portugal. The production for six years is as follows: 1912, 117,380,423 gallons; 1913, 103,620,678 gallons; 1914, 126,011,678 gallons; 1915, 90,200,343 gallons; 1916, 144,410,280 gaUons; and in 1917, 109,808,625 gaUons. There were 813,350 acres of olive groves under cultivation which produced 330,000 tons of olives in 1915. The olive oil product for 1916-17 amounted to 362,094,084 gallons. The Portuguese manufacture very beautiful tiles, called "Ajulyos." They are used for interior and exterior decoration. The industry dates from the time of the Moors. i 342 EXPORTERS GAZBTTBER OFpnn^rn. MARKETS I 2 CO I a o s 8 .a > o ^ ^^ a o O ©OS OQ I O ■SI ii o a o » 5 o o. V OQ O U OB 4) 9 o M 5^ So 2: 5 is .9 Q •rTz-^r^-Ic - - - .°i°^°* « t^ « 05 »0 CO g||8iq^.:S§5;;|sg§ss^§ 3 o* CI to O* o > O O N M ( OCCO- " )MiCO S00"<*'0«00 S8?5S?SS8g:5g§ 2 § ?J S S 8 !^'?§ S§ i§ S « 2 S --^ 5 00 s ! 22 P 2 ^ "5 ^Oooo«<-»_.^ Sl:|sggji||§§8|§S| •o lO ^ -I iO ■* rt CO N •o V •oVeo eo'eo s 5 t* 00 00C0^ in 1913. employing a toU^ of 12,235 persons; of these 26, employing 10,488 persons were in Prahova; 5, erapfoy? Z.u-^1T """^ "" ^^^^^^' 8. «n>Ploying 981 persons were in Bu^u and 15, employmg 459 persons were in Bacau. ' 14 T^r.?"^"!!"" °^ '^ ^ """'^ *" ^^l^' amounted to 266,229 tons, valued at Sa i^trT^nSe*:'" '^^^ ''°"^^'*' ""''^ '"'" "^™ '^^ "'"•' "^'^' OrH;^„^i^'^.l^T.'""!u-^f '^^® '""^ °^ "*" P«^"<«d, this being a government monopoly. ^Sr^ '^^ production is consumed within the country and^nl Railways and Roads: iqo^^*'^ "^oXi'^M*^' ^•^^' °^ ""'='' 2.299 miles were owned by the state. In 1905 there were 26,385 miles of national roads. Post Offices, Telegraphs, Telephones: Sfiii" f ** ^^'^J^^ ^'^'' P™* °'^'=*" "■"* 3-1*3 telegraph offices. Telegraph Une, firlTJ^''T T"^- '"'r ''•'"' ' "'""' '«'«?''<'■''' ^y^'^'"' with ?^ miles lr!k ^^ 1 r °' ^' ""* ^'^ interurban systems with 24,618 mUes of Une, and 45,378 miles of wire The urban systems were used for 20,894,338 conversations, and the mterurban for 1,444,227. Money, Weights and Measures: The monetary system is normally on a gold basis, the unit being the lev, (plural lei), l^dnc^^',0 HT.!?'-'?""*"f«°''*'"*'^=«"'«'''^'5,2 and llei pieces, and nickel 20^0, and 5 bom (centmie) pieces. The metric system of weights and measures is used m foreign commerce. >»o'6"" Language: Rumaaii^ is a language of Romance origin, closely reUted to the Utin, but abso- lutely distmctive and separate. French is customarily used in foreign trade correspond- Consular Representatives: Rumanian consuls are stationed in Chicago and New York City. Shippu>£ Routes: American Line. Fumess-Prince Line. American-Mediterranean-Levant Line. Cunard Line. Customs Tariff: The pre-war tariff was divided into two parts, the general (maximum) and conven- tional (minimum) tariffs, which provided for specific duties upon many classifications of commodities. Consular Regulations: There are no documents required, nor any restrictions as to marks, weights, etc. Cable Rates: From New York or New England States, 10.46 per word. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: About 10 days to Bucharest, from New York. Parcels Post: Service extends to Rumania. Limit of weight, 22 pounds. Parcels may not be registered. Money Orders: Issued. International Reply Coupons: Valid. i. . 352 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS RUSSIA 353 iiii RUSSIA In 1914 the Russian Empire, extending from the Baltic Sea on the west to the Bering n XL'^bLLlTl" r^r' ^f ^' ^^' ^"^^ *^^ ^-^^^ Ocean on no^ the e^T it^Z w '^. ' r'^' '""^^'^^ "^^' ^"^^^th of the land surface of the earth. Its area was more than two and one-half times that of the United States. As a result of the revolution in 1917, the vast territories of the Russian Empire have fallen apart. Detailed information with respect to the New Russian States will be found under *hat title. (Page 363). For statistical purposes this section contains data on Russia as it existed prior to the revolution, excluding Finland and Poland, which are separately treated. At the present time trade of the United States with Russia is restricted under the provisions of the "Trading With The Enemy" Act to those parts of Russia not controlled by the Soviet Goveniment. Russia is primarily an agricultural country and agriculture is the principal occupation of about seven-eights of the population of European Russia. The principal agricultural districts are the Baltic Provinces, the Central Russian Provinces, and Ukrainia. In the Baltic Provinces the most important crops are wheat, potatoes, flax, and fruits. In Central Russia rye, buckwheat, flax, and potatoes are cultivated. Agriculture is most advanced and most productive in the " black earth zone," a great part of which is included in Ukrainia. The crops in this zone include wheat, rye, oats, corn, and barley; modern agricultural equipment is used extensively and livestock breeding is carried on. To the west of this zone in Bessarabia, wheat is grown in great quantities and barley is the second most im- portant crop. Fruit, especially plums, is extensively produced and sunflowers and flax are cultivated for oil seeds. Livestock breeding is also important. Tobacco is an ina- portant crop in South Russia and the cultivation of the grape for the production of wine is actively carried on in Caucasia. Cotton is extensively produced in Erivan, in Trans- caucasia and in Turkestan. Sericulture is actively carried on in Transcaucasia and in South Russia. In general, agriculture is not at a high level in Russia owing to the poverty of the peasantry. In certain districts such as Ukrainia, the Baltic Provinces, and Caucasia modern implements are extensively used and scientific methods of agricultural are conmion. The wider dissemination of modern agricultural methods is being carried on by the coopera- tive societies which exist throughout Russia. The mineral wealth of Russia is extensive, but many of the mines are located at long distances from the centers of population. The principal mining districts of European Russia are the Ural Mountains and Don Cossack territory, the province of Ekaterinoslav, and Caucasia. The principal mineral products of the Ural region are iron, coal, gold, platinum, copper, precious stones, and salt. The mining industry of South Russia is by far the most important and produces large quantities of iron and coal. Baku, on the Caspian Sea, is the center of an important petroleum industry, while the Black Sea region of Transcaucasia produces large quantities of manganese. The manufacturing industry of Russia is relatively imdeveloped. The most important manufactured products are textiles, the industry centering largely in Poland. The sugar industry has been developed to some extent as has the manufacture of leather goods, wood products, and flour. A peculiar characteristic of Russia's manufactures is the development on a large scale of domestic handicrafts. Out of these domestic industries large factories have grown which constitute one of the most important elements of Russia's industrial life. At the present time the railroad system of Russia is reported to be in a state of chaos. Formerly the system of railways in European Russia and Caucasia was extensive, and communication with Siberia was kept open on the Trans-Siberian Railway. I I Ill 354 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Area and The foUowing table shows the area and Populatioii the estimated population of Russia in 1915.. ArchaiSer*'' ^"^^ (including Ciecaucaaia) Aatrakhan. ;.■;:: Bessarabia... ;: y~lV " Chernigov .... Courland .'. Don, Province of Esthonia Grodno Kaluga ::;: Kaaan Kharkov [[ Kherson Kholm Kiev :; Kostroma .... Kovno Kursk .■.::::■: Livonia. . . ■m/r- 1 Minsk .... Moghiiev.:::::::::::: Moscow Nizhnii Novgorod Novgorod. . . Olonets Orel Orenburg Perm Petrograd Podolia : pojtava ::::::::;;:: Pskov Ryazan Samara ... Saratof Simbirsk...:;;; Smolensk Tambov Taurida " ; Tula Tver ; ; ; Ufa ; ; ; Vilna. Vitebsk.;;; Vladmir voihynia ;;;; Vologda ;;;; Voronezh Vyatka Yaroslavl ; ; ; ; ; Yekaterinoslav ^ . Ciscaucasia Kuban SUvropol . . Terek Total Russia in Europe Russia in Asia— Transcaucasia B^fum:;:;;;;; Black Sea Proving Daghestan Yefisavetpol... Erivan ^r* "" ^ ^j«*ro. Kutais Sukhum Tiflis Zakataly 326.063 91,042 17,143 20,232 10.435 63.532 7,605 14.896 11.942 24,587 21,041 27,337 5,213 19,676 32,432 15,518 17,937 17,574 35,220 18,514 12,847 19,789 45,770 49.355 18.042 73,254 14,997 127.502 17,226 16,224 19,265 16,678 16,190 58,320 32.624 19,110 21,624 25,710 23,312 11,954 24,975 47,109 16,181 16,983 18,821 27,699 155,265 25.443 59.329 13,723 24.477 36.645 20,970 28,153 1,997.310 15.061 2,693 3.220 11.471 16,991 10.725 7,239 8,145 2.545 15.776 1.539 , 505.700 1,427.500 2.686.600 3.148.900 812.300 4.013.400 512.500 2,094.300 1.497.200 2.900.400 3.452.000 3.806.900 1.087.800 4,988,000 1355,900 1,871,400 3,267,200 1,778.500 3,070.900 2.551,400 3.662,900 2,081,200 1,729,300 476,200 2,816,200 2,272.000 1,940,500 4,083,200 3,197,800 4.127,600 3,906,200 1,447,100 2,795,000 3,809,800 3.432,100 2,124,500 2,210.200 3,555,000 2,133.300 2.016.000 2,402,900 3.139,100 2.083.200 1,984,800 2.225.900 4.241.800 1.772.200 3.087.000 4.062.000 1.416.700 3,537.300 3,051.200 1.353,500 1,314,900 I 149.764,000 1,119,600 186,000 201,800 732,600 1.117,200 1.034,800 403,000 1,070,300 147.600 1.394,800 101.800 RUSSIA 355 fahk continued: Qovemmenta and Provinces Area in square miles Population "■"'CentrJJRuMia. Turkestan, and Transcaspian Province: j^lunolinsk. Scmipal*^"** Turgai Uralsk Ferghana ••• gamarcand DjT Dana Semiryechensk ........ Transcaspian Province . Total Russia in Asia. ^. , , Total Russian Empire excluding Finland . Principal cities of Russia with their populations 225.074 178,320 169,832 137,679 55,483 26,627 194,147 144,550 235,120 6,294.119 8.291,429 1,546,500 874,900 706,200 889,600 2,169,600 1,207.400 2,026,100 1.281.300 552,500 29,141.500 178,905,600 Continued oa page 355 European Russia Petrograd 2,318,645 Moscow 1,817,100 Odessa 631,040 Kiev 610,190 Riga 569,100 Kharkov 258,360 Saratov 235,500 Yekaterinoslav 220,100 Rostov-on-Don 204,290 Kaian 195,300 Ivanovo-Voinesensk . . . 168,498 .\strakhan 163,800 Orenburg 146,800 Samara 144,000 Tula 140,620 Reval 137,600 Kishinev 128,700 Yaroslavl 120,400 Minsk 117,600 Niihnii-Novgorod 112,300 Dvinsk 110,912 Vitebsk 108.900 NikoUyev 106,279 Gomel 104,582 Ufa 106,200 Perm 105,410 TsaritssTJ 100,817 Kremenchug 98,895 Kherson 98,540 Byelostok 98,170 Orel 97,200 Zhitomir 96,800 Voronesh 94,800 Kovno 92,810 Libau 90,744 Kursk 89,800 Simferopol 84,170 Penza 83,100 Poltava 82,100 Berdichev 79,151 Smolensk 76,000 Yelisavetgrad 75,800 Kostroma 73,820 Mohilev-on-Dniepr 72,500 Tambov 71,400 Simbirsk 70.600 Chelyabinsk 70,472 Yekaterinburg 70,000 Novocherkask 69,820 Cronstadt 68,273 Taganrog 68,091 Grodno 64,100 Tver 64,100 Brest-Litovsk 63,579 Nikolskoye 62,607 Sebastopol 61,849 Byelaya Tserkov 60.600 Vyatka 60,100 Yelet« 58.000 Kaluga j\e rcn .......•«•.••••■ LiUganslc ••...•...•>.. Mariupol Nakhichevan-on-Don . . Nyeshin Kameneta-Podolsk Alexandrovsk (Yek ) . . . Kamenskaya Sumy Kozlov Ryazan Yuzovka Vinnitsa Syzran Mitava Nizhne-Tagilsk Yuriev Arkhangelsk Vladimir Theodosia Alexandrovsk-Grun- shevsk Bobruisk Cherkassy Vologda Serpukhov Pavlograd Proskurov Akkerman Berdyansk Sormovo Izhevsk X^aUSIL ■•■•■••••••••••• Bendery Chernigov X^olLl/v • ••••••••••••••• Buturlinovka Romny TroitsK Amur-Nizhnednie- provsk Volsk Kamenskoye Tiraspol Rovno Zlatoust Motovilikha Polonnoye Mohilev-on-Dniestr. . . Izmail Rybinsk Akhtyrka Morshansk Vyaznia Priluki Azov Polotsk f Kolomna 56,900 55,883 55,528 54,528 54,012 52,963 52,000 51,604 50,614 50,391 50,225 50,224 49,600 48,504 47,841 47,744 46,800 45,179 44.140 43,600 43,522 43,114 42,542 42,309 42,062 41,600 41,578 41,160 40,611 40.400 40,292 40,243 39,370 38,686 38,631 38,400 38,300 38,066 37,328 36,830 36.450 36,134 35,450 35,242 34.923 34.245 33.491 33,342 32,604 32,414 32,127 31.918 31,802 31.247 31.153 31.111 31,111 31,100 Tsarskoye Selo , Petrikovka , XTaIsLLIIJ •■•••••••••■•I Bryansk Novgorod , Kholm , Petrozavadsk Caucasia -a- lUlS ••••••••< Baku Saliany Yekaterinodar Vladikavkaz Novorosslisk Stavropol Yelizavetpol Kutais Maikop Yeisk Balakhany-Sabunchi . Alexandropol Armavir Batum Shusha Nukha Labinskaya Pyatigorsk Groznyi Erivan •. . Khunzakh Temir-Khan-Shura . . Derbent Romanovskii xVckrs •••...••••■•■■• Sukhum Siberia Irkutsk Tomsk Vladivostok Krasnoyarsk Chita Blagovyeschensk . Khabarovsk Tobolsk Yakutsk Central Asia Tashkent Omsk Samarkand Askhabad Uralsk Vyemyi. Semipalatinsk Kustanai Skobelev 31,089 30,881 30,707 30.526 30,440 28,400 24,400 18,800 327,800 237,000 129,904 107,360 79,343 66.700 64,700 63,400 53,900 52,599 51,750 50,131 48,938 47,023 46,000 42,687 41,804 35,519 35,307 34,067 34,000 35,539 33,100 32,718 31,632 27,500 25,600 129,700 116,664 91,464 87,600 79,200 62,500 51.300 25,200 10.800 272,300 135,800 97,600 53,900 47,880 41,600 34,600 29,000 14,090 i\ ■ !. ;" S^ .. 356 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Commerce for ItlyZ". '"'"' '"'"'^ *"""' °' "" """^"^ ^"^"^ '^"' «"^'* '" ^"^PO '"'d Asia Year ended June 30 Exports Domestic Foreign Total 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Imports Free »17.108,138 17.730.414 24,328,926 22,605,137 26,414,605 31,253,254 59,138,163 309,752,822 553,898,114 150,860,162 Dutiable Total $160,771 99,397 375,123 117,351 50,609 49,895 1.689,368 490,068 4,996,331 563,725 I $17,268,909 17,829,811 24,704,049 22,722.488 26.465,214 31,303,149 60,827,531 310,242,890 558,894,445 151.423,887 52,845,7751 $9,066,695 12,828,660 8,570,834 17,210,075 23,278,472 20,260,250 2,894,799 5,532,601 7,130,800 15,752,096 $2,778,221 4,548,552 3,632,628 4,900,425 6,036,745 3,059,907 499,241 1.384,243 2,333,464 3,044.393 Value of the total foreign trade of the (Includes Finland prior to 1911). $11,844,916 17,377,212 12,203.462 22.110.500 29,315,217 23,320,157 3,394,040 6,916,844 9,464,264 18,796,489 6,664.275 Per cent free 75.46 73.82 70.23 77.84 79.41 86.88 85.29 75.34 83.27 Excess of exports (♦) or importa (-) *$5,423.993 ^ ♦452.599 ♦12,500,587 ♦611,988 -2,850.003 ♦7,982.992 ♦57,433.491 ♦303,326,046 ♦549,430.181 +132,627,398 ♦52.181.500 United States with Russia in Europe for 11 years: Year ended June 30 Exports Domestic Foreign Total Imports Free 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Dutiable $15,474,250 16,695,805 23,157,347 21,400,497 25,315,679 30,039.887 36.645.276 178.244.248 428.185.412 116,274,926 Total $158,925 94,125 366,920 115,163 48,116 48,756 829,104 450,552 502,695 430,420 $15,633,175 16,789,930 23,524,267 21,515,660 25.363.795 30.088,643 37.474,380 178,694,800 428,688,107 116,705.346 11.390.4.57 $8,605,786 12.252,676 7.894,006 16,591,274 21,942,840 18,410,582 2,242,402 2,817.953 4,592,012 12.371,947 $2,445,785 3.943,478 3,110,158 4,075,649 5,015,850 2,420.602 269.979 796.033 854.083 2,774,879 $11,051,571 16,196,154 11,004,164 20.666.923 26.958.690 20.831.184 2.512.381 3.613,986 5.446.095 15.140.826 2.927.4341 Per cent free Excess of exports (♦) or imports (-) 77.87 75.65 71.73 80.28 81.39 88.38 89.25 77.97 84 32 81.68 ♦$4,581,604 +593.776 +12.520,103 +848,737 -1,594,895 +9,257.459 +34.961.999 +175.080.814 +423.242.012 +101,558.520 +8.463.023 Value of the total trade of the United States with Russia in Asia for 11 years: Year ended June 30 Exports Domestic Foreign Total 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Imports Free Dutiable $1,633,888 l,a34,609 1,171,579 1,204.640 1.09S.926 1.213.367 22.492.887 131.018.276 125,712,702 34,585,236 $1,846 5,272 8,203 2,188 2,493 1,139 860,264 93,516 4,493,636 133,305 $1,635,734 1,039,881 1.179,782 1,206.828 1.101,419 1.214.506 23.353.151 131.111.792 130.206.338 34.718,M1 41,455,457 Total Per cent free Excess of exports (♦) or imports (-) $460,909 575,984 676,828 618,801 1,335,632 1,849,668 652,397 1,714,648 2.538.78S 3,380.149 $332,436 605,074 522,470 824,776 1,020,895 639,305 229,262 588,210 1.479..381 269,514 $793,345 1,181,0.58 1,199,298 1,443,577 2,356.527 2,488.973 881,659 2,302,858 4,018,169 3,649,663 2,7.36.841 58.10 48.77 56.43 42.87 56.68 74.32 74.00 74.46 63.18 92.62 ♦$842,389 -141.177 -19.516 -236.749 -1.2.55.108 -1.274.407 +22,471,402 +128,808,934 +126.188.169 ♦31.068.878 +38.718,r,16 the SnCdtf^pfrnd/"'" ''" "^ '''' "'"^ ^'^^' ^ -<» ^-'-''. -'"<""^ Years Imports Exports Years 1911 1912. 1913. $593,628,700 598.789.800 702,114,000 Imports Exports $813,205,400 776,157,900 776,771,100 1914 1915 1916 $588,078,000 569.254.000 589,183,000 $488,567,100 202,969,200 205,422,000 RUSSIA 357 Imports and exports to and from Europe through European and Black Sea frontiers, and trade with Finland by principal classifications: Articles 1915 1916 1917 Jan. — June Exports: Articles of food _. . . . Raw and half-manufactured articles Animals Manufactured goods Total Imports: Articles of food Raw and half-manufactured articles Animals Manufactured goods Total $87,093,195 67,281,145 2,575 7,275,405 $161,652,320 38,922,670 153,130,100 448,050 154,680,250 $347,181,070 $80,082,500 150,946,500 103,000 14,214,000 $245,346,000 65.662.500 299.627.000 309,000 518,399,000 $883,997,500 $11,134,815 37,589,850 2,060 8,532,005 $57,258,730 21.706,220 103.464.530 96.820 178,095.755 $303,363,325 Value of imports from principal countries of origin through European, and Black Sea frontiers and from Finland, for 3 years : Imports from 1914 1915 1916 Germany United Kingdom United States . . . France Austria-H ungarj' Finland China Italv Netherlands. . . . Egypt East Indies Norway Belgium Turkey Denmark Switzerland Sweden Other countries . $215,165,455 86,189,370 39,664,270 22,108,435 12,093,230 27,666,830 9,416,260 7.725,515 10,003,875 3,875,890 12,605,140 3,448,955 2,819,625 4,892,500 3.768,255 1,849,880 5,703.110 9,943.105 $12,204,470 117,301,550 77,775,815 14,829.425 735.935 47,255,885 11,527,760 4,216,305 4,252,355 86,520 3,851,685 3,060.645 295,540 306,940 3,694,610 2,007,470 27,933,600 15,843,460 $4,667,960 317,337,850 217,528.275 87.058.665 1,250,935 109,282,485 17,812.820 5.282,870 4.061.290 8.031.940 15.285.200 6,012,110 5,846,280 47.056,580 Imports and exports through the four frontiers of Russia for five years: 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 Exports Through European frontier Through Black Sea frontier of Cau- casus Trade with Finland. Through Asiatic frontier Total Imports From European frontier Through Black Sea frontier of Cau- casus Trade with Finland From Asiatic frontier Total $647,845,800 56,516,600 25,345,600 46,398,800 $776,106,800 $495,618,900 11,037,600 23,097,200 69,036,100 $629,960,800 67,911,900 28,258,300 50,691,200 $360,817,100 53.297.300 28,462,700 45,990,000 $598,789,800 $776,822,200 $58,759,300 9.351,300 28,616,000 78,438,500 $702,161,100 $92,644,300 67.758.600 42,566,300 $133,371,000 $488,567,100 $436,547,300 11.446.400 31.886.400 81.197.900 $561,078,000 $202,969,200 $219,270,100 715,400 124,530,700 224,737,800 $569,254,000 106,799,000 63,655,000 $293,825,000 $729,708,000 1,533,000 188,559,000 570,950,000 $1,4054250,000 If 358 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKET!, ^IWpal ur.porta though Eu^pean and Blade Sea fronts and from Finland for Articles of food and ■wifn ali : Cereal crope ■ttice Fruits, vegetables, and nuts. . '.!.".'."" s°?** .'.■ * '^^ •••••.. ••• Tobacco Sbirits and wines * wn ^°»Faia :.;;;: Various Total. Animal products: Leather, hides, and skins . Various Total. $5,358,060 1,939.490 7.867.655 2.884.000 16,528.410 680.830 6,483.850 12.267.815 1,242,180 8.238.970 $63,491,260 21.206.155 12,694.235 $223,510 48.410 2.750.100 4.509.855 17,905.005 622,725 1.873,570 3,235,650 448.050 7.633.845 Timber and wooden goods . . . , Ceramics Fuel, asphalt, gum, and resin: Coal and Coke Caoutchouc and gutta-percha. Various Total. Chemicals and colors: Chemicals Colours Various Total. $33,900,390 17.324,085 10,527,630 27,043.680 15.430.945 4.609,250 $39,150,720 22.884.025 3,698.215 $15,450 "2,629'.675' 27,058.615 13,184,666 ■ Ores, metals, and metal-goods : Raw metals Metal goods Machinery Various $47,083,875 12,479,995 6,216,950 6.285.575 $26,582,240 8,855.425 2,794,905 7.659.595 16.604.115 2,855,160 $42,887,140 61,024,925 $61,024,925 19,621,500 7.107,000 24,088,095 Total . Paper and paper goods Textile: Raw cotton Raw silk .'. . Raw wool Cotton yarn Wool yarn Cotton and other textile goods '. Various $23,982,520 28,350,235 23,743,560 64,818,415 27,107,025 $27,118,870 18,377,775 2,634.225 6,859.285 $24,088,095 Total. Clothes. . . $144,019,235 17,598,580 45,580.590 10.183.610 20.497.515 3.560.195 6.852.075 23.674.550 9,013,0 15 $119,361,550 6,351,495 $27,871,286 38,020,905 6,460,700 23,288,210 30,828,415 $98,598,230 24.420.270 21.990.500 6.152,190 3,741.475 1,474,960 629,330 22,324,220 8,003,615 92,851,925 43,533.465 63,983,085 $64,316,290 4,680,835 $200,368,475 55.053,500 7,883.620 10.937.570 16.996.030 2.069.785 2.620,835 56,026.205 $95,534,045 8.806.500 Principal grain exports from European Russia, Caucasus and to Finland for 3 y ears: Articles 1914 1915 1916 Wheat Rye Barley Oats Maize Other grain products . tons 753.600 372.800 1,929,600 268,800 278.400 790.400 Total. 4.393.600 value $84,408,500 9,939.500 48.616,000 7.261.500 6.489.000 23,329.500 $180.044.000 tons 177.600 92,800 6,400 1.600 3li2',666 value $9,579,000 6,047,000 206.000 103.000 51,500 20.033.500 590.400 I $35,020,000 tons ' 228,800 99,200 3,200 320 3,200 342,400 677,120 value $15,089,500 5,613,500 154,500 20,600 103.000 33.838,500 $54,819,600 RUSSIA 359 Principal exports through European and Black Sea frontiers and to Finland for three years: Exports 1914 1915 1916 Corn, floxir. buckwheat, etc . Eggs • Dairy produce ■ Sugar •. Fi5i and caviar Tobacco Cigarettes Meat Alcohol, gin and wines . . . • Various $180,115,585 30,124,925 24,894,585 3,372,735 2,156,305 1,461,055 578,860 2.614,140 1,216,430 6,886,580 Articles of food. $253,421,200 53,776,300 15,490,170 36,359,000 Timber and wooden goods NaphUia and naphtha oils nil^ek :::::::::: ::'.:'./.;!"./.'.'.i'."... I 11.623,550 Oleaginous and other grams i^ 447 qS Furs and leather 6:637,320 2,894,300 2,387,025 291,490 3.412,905 11.501,495 $35,016,395 7.369,135 32,051,540 5,318,405 947,085 466,075 698,340 677,740 683,405 3,865,075 Hemp Bristle 8Uk Raw metals (chiefly platmum) Various Raw and semi-manuf acttired goods . Animals Gutta percha and rubber . Cottons Metallic goods w ooiens •••••••••..•..•* Various Manufactured goods . $169,815,070 6.652,770 2,661.520 651,475 1,457,450 884,770 5,691,265 $87,093,195 14,054,350 1,614,525 19,948,010 2,276,815 1,416,250 6,594,060 2,616,200 2,567,790 439,295 5.150 6,582,730 9,163,395 $11,346,480 $67,278,570 2,575 982,105 467,105 1,052,145 406,850 4,367,200 $7,275,405 $64,901,060 3,408,785 11,845 5.884,905 "i. 704, 135 '396,035 3,142,015 $69,448,780 29,430,190 2,439.040 457,388,925 3,154,890 6,078,545 ■ 8.370.8i6 4.768,385 1,369,385 721,515 $A3,721,685 801,340 650,960 2,411.230 53.045 $3,916,575 Value of exports to principal countries of destination through European, Black Sea frontiers and to Finland for 3 years: Exports 1914 1915 1916 Germany United Kingdom. Netherlands .... France Italy Finland Belgium Austria-Hungary Denmark Turkey Roumania Norway Spain Sweden United States . . . Egypt Other countries . $128,134,575 97.057.930 48,768,440 28,652,540 20,896,025 28,700,950 25,332,335 20.037,620 9,206,140 7,522,605 6,558,940 2,598,690 3,492,215 3,272,310 4,482,045 2,140,855 9,189.145 $77,485,870 1,030 8.538,700 94,245 68,304,450 $92,316,840 535,600 33,257,155 350,715 102,544,740 212,180 910,520 1.709.800 226,600 1,195,315 2,358,185 1,686,110 3,179,095 7.193,520 1,035,150 li 360 ,^XPORTER^AZETTEBR OF FQREIOff MARKETS AgricuUure: Production and Industry Production of cereals and potatoes in Ruaeia for 1915 and 1916 in tons: 1915 1916 Wheat (winter). Wheat (summer) R}^ (winter) Rye (summer) . . 7,044,800 14,934.400 22,144.000 432.000 5,216,000 6.464.000 }20,736,000 1915 1916 Oats.... Barley. . Various . Potatoes 12,724,800 37,648,400 6.014.400 22,011.200 11.952,000 7,440,000 *,^-«,,vw wuH,DucKwneat, 268,000 tons- harlAv ftQftnnn* tT ^'""''^'^ '^"»; puiae, amounted to 8,240,000 toM TlOl^^hP-^ I'^o^'^* Potatoes produced in 1918 tons of tobacco. ^^^ ^^^"^ ^"^ ^^^ll acres which produced 116,700 Cotton pr^uction in Central Russian Asia and Tr.n...„.... for two years in tons: 1915-1916 Central Russian Asia. Transcaucasia 1916-1917 Total. 295.440 27,712 323.152 217.152 16.112 233.264 '^^^^^^^^^."^•^ "^ " •"»' 1903-1904 1904-1905 1905-1906 1906-1907 1907-1908 1908-1909 1909-1910 1910-1911 1,322,254 1,182.301 1,330,764 1,316,323 1,534,763 1,374,417 1,374,269 1,667,962 1.144.738 922.533 962.819 1.427.703 1.368,931 1,233.723 1,262,133 2.108,599 1911-1912. . 1912-1913. . ; 1913-1914. 1914-1915. . 1915-1916. 1916-1917. 1917-1918 (estimated)", 1,946.539 1,887.078 1.790,795 1.882.359 1,810,018 1.693.743 2,025.931 1,344,300 1,667,952 1.947,418 1,648.254 1.388,484 1.083.343 Forestry: Canc^f TS^'l^i'^Tn Xillndr'T'"^ "^ °' "^■'^•'^ --■ -<1 with 50,500,000). The toteU^ of the ^t^? T*" """^ ^•'*'''»" "^^ "^^ ^ inland, and Poland 288,496S a.^,1ft.u f^ rZar "'"°"' " T*' ^""'-«' «-» 000, of wUch 8,309,500 acr,4werelS.^Trr*^P'°'***''^''"<='^"« 13,202,- with 274,959,300 exploited. The t^Sl^ f^? '^'^ ^'"^ ^^ 637,282,300 acrea 515,527,500 are exploited '°'^' "^ '' 938,981,600 acres of which Mines and Metals: The mineral resources of Russia are verv invaf r^-i • ., • « Urals, Poland, Central Russia, the CaucI^S ^A a f- ^^ "^ ^"*^ ^'^^> *he at Baku, Gi^zny, Cheleken, Mlilop, Fo^Za and E^^^^ ''"^"\ J'^" ^ °^^ ^^'^^ about 90 per cent of the worid'ssuppl/oMathi^^ ^I"^^' ^"^^ ^"^^^ estensively developed within recenf yL^ and^o^ ^^ "^'^i "f^ '"^^ ^^"^'"^ *^^ ^° producedintheBdticprovincesandotSocaUt^^^ '^"*'"'^ '"""^^^ ^^ *^^« RUSSIA 361 Mineral production for 1912, the last year for which complete statistics are available was gold, 156,756 tr. pounds; platinum, 12,117 tr. pounds; silver, 48,305 tr. pounds; lead 1,361 tons; zinc, 13,433 tons; copper, 28,723 tons; pig iron, 4,617,800 tons; iron and steel, 4,099,700 tons; coal, 34,001,000 tons; naphtha, 10,186,000 tons; and salt, 2,096,000 tons. Coal production of principal coal fields for 3 years in tons : • District 1912 1913 1914 Q/Mitk RlUMIA 20,091,840 6,286,400 760,000 201,000 52.720 1.600,000 24,700,640 6,820,960 1,175,360 293,440 68,480 27,409,600 PnlanH 3.776.000 TTpal 1.417.600 r*^niTti\ TfllAAlA 296.960 65.280 Russia in Asia Total 29,022,560 33,058,880 32.965,440 Pig iron production for 5 years, in tons: District 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 South Russia 2.774.064 809,424 132,624 1.008 383.120 3,035,200 892,800 188,800 2,979,200 838,400 168,000 2,680.640 804,368 118,352 2,818.368 Ural 831.464 (Central Russia 155.104 North and N W Russia Poland Total 4.100.240 4,116,800 3,985.600 3,603,360 3,804,936 Iron and steel produced in the same districts for 5 years, in tons: District 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 South Russia 2,048,992 631,072 157,888 165,648 245,760 394,192 2,256.640 6,52,960 190,400 161,120 263.040 2,303,840 649,600 190.400 162.240 253,120 2,010,400 644,320 178,880 148,320 207.520 2,084,848 Ural 655,792 Central Russia 176,160 Volga Region 145,088 N. and Baltic Reition 231,908 Poland... Total 3,643,552 3,524.160 3,559,200 3,189,440 3,293.792 Oil production of principal fields for 5 years, in tons: District 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 Baku district 7.376 1,200 192 128 48 7,504 1,040 192 144 64 16 7,392 1,184 208 80 16 112 6.688 1,568 176 64 32 272 7,136 Grozny 1,406 Cheleken '..'.'.'..'.'.'...,'..'.. 176 Maikop 128 Ferghana 32 Uralsk (Emba) 272 Total 8.944 8,960 8,992 8,800 9.152 Production of the Baku oil fields in barrels of 42 gallons each: 1913, 56,640,000; 1914, 50,928,000; 1916, 57,180,000; 1917, 48,276,000. 4 '-il .,^X 362 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS RUSSIA 363 Salt production for 5 years, in tons: Classification 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 Rock salt 499.888 912.656 423.584 523,920 1,213,312 485,776 514,496 1,035,792 469,792 551.808 917.856 497.376 From salt marshes 524.160 From brine by evaporation 784,640 526,080 Total 1,836,128 2,223.008 2.020.080 1.967,040 ~ — 1,834.880(1) Wote:. ® Total production in 1913, 1,947,200 tons. Fisheries: The fisheries of Russia, although the third largest in the world, do not produce a sufficient quantity for the needs of the population, and cod fish and herrings are imported to the amount of about $17,000,000 yearly. The principal products of the fisheries exported are caviar and sturgeon. Production of fisheries, 1913, 1,292,500,000 pounds; 1914, 996 - 500,000 pounds. ' Manufactures: In 1915 there were in European Russia, exclusive of Poland, and the Caucasus, 14,040 manufacturmg establishments employing 1,960,860 persons. Details of the industrial census of 1908: Group of Manufactures according toestablished^Iassification Number of Factories Employees of both sexes Engine Power in h.p. Cotton 986 1,037 277 275 384 512.800 149.800 33,700 90,400 36,300 Wool 8Uk ! ■.;::::: : Flax, hemp, jute 384,000 94.100 8.300 Fibrous articles and other materials 1 !....!!,.!..!! . 51,300 11,900 Total for textile industry 2.959 823,300 549,700 Metal working: Manufacture of machines, tools, plant. . . 1,951 186 17 176 248,700 195.400 22.300 85.400 206,500 Metallurgical industry Factories attached to Naval Dept 319,200 37,300 27.000 Railway workshops !.!!!!!!! Total for metal-working enterprises 2.330 551.900 590,200 Ahmentary substances: Not liable to excise 3,043 4,.563 342 92.800 263.300 30.500 Paying excise 196,200 Government spirit depots .'!!...','!!.'! 180,100 10.800 Total for group preparing alimentary substances 7,948 386,800 387.100 Manufacture of paper, polygraphic products, etc Wood-finishing and manufacture of articles from wood Prepanng articles from mineral products. . 1,333 1.902 1.621 1,153 476 323 65 80.000 93.700 135.500 62,800 64.800 42.600 4,700 86,600 76.700 44.500 Preparing animal products Chemical products 18,300 Production and purifying of naphtha. 52.700 113.100 158.200 Other miscellaneous manufactures (hydraulic and electricaJ stations) Total for miscellaneoiis manufactures 6,773 492,400 549.400 ^°1*908™^"^^'^^ *'^®° "^ '° *^® ®'**® Registration of 20.010 19.856 2.254,500 387,800 37,300 In addition to the above: ill ]?"*^"?**?° o' coal and gold, mines and quarries (2) Techmcal institutions of the Ministry of War 2,076,500 185.900 Total 39.866 2,679,600 2.262,500 In 1915-1916 there were 803 distilleries (3,020 in 1913-1914) which produced 11,970,000 gallons of alcohol (140,812,000 gaUons in 1913-1914). There were in 1916, 235 sugar factories in Russia, excluding Poland, which produced 1,388,484 tons of beet sugar. Railways: Total length, 1913, 46,573 miles, of which 35,987 miles were in European Russia, 10,586 in Asiatic Russia. Government lines amounted to 33,928 miles. Telegraph: Length of line 1913, 134,036 mUes; of wire 476,177 miles. Rivers and Canals: Of a total of 153,782 miles of rivers, canals and lakes in European Russia, 20,670 miles are navigable for steamers, and 7,482 miles for sailing vessels. In Asiatic Russia, of a total of 86,422 miles, 21,421 miles are navigable by steamers and 8,678 miles for sailing vessels. Money, Weights and Measures : The legal unit of Russian currency is the silver rouble of 100 kopecks with a par value of $0,515 U. S. currency. Gold coins are the imperial and half imperial of 15 and 7.5 roubles; also 10-rouble and 5-rouble pieces. There were notes of 500, 100, 50, 25, 10 and 5 roubles. The metric or English system of weights and measures is customarily employed in foreign trade. The native weights and measures are: 1 acre ^^ 0.37 dessiatines 1 dollar = 1.94 roubles in gold 1 metric ton = 61 Russian poods American pounds 36.1 American 2204.7 1 mile = 1.508 versts 1 square mile = 2.227 square versts 1 long ton = 62.03 Russian poods = 2.240 Amer- ican pounds 1 dessiatine « 2.705 acres 1 roubie in gold = 51.46 cents 1 pood s 40 Russian pounds pounds ' 1 verst - 0.663 miles 1 square verst ■■ 0.44 square miles 1 short ton - ,55.38 Russian poods » 2,000 Amer- ican pounds Language : Russian is the language of the people. German and French are ordinarily used in commercial correspondence. Shipping Routes: American-Mediterranean-Levant Line to Odessa and Batum. Owing to restrictions in force regarding trade with Russia, and the existing uncertain political conditions in that country, regular service to Russia has not been resumed by most lines. Ships are put on by several lines when cargo offers. Customs Tariff: A temporary tariff has been in effect since 1915. There are over two hundred articles enumerated in the tariff list and the duties are specific. Consular Regulations : No consular documents are required. Cable Rates: Forty-three cents per word from New York or New England states. Postal Rates : Postal Union rates. Mail Time: To Petrograd, 10 days; to Moscow and Odessa, 11 days. Parcels Post: Service does not extend to Russia. Money Orders: Issued. International Reply Coupons: Not issued. THE NEW RUSSIAN STATES As a result of the Russian revolution, what was formerly the Russian Empire was shattered and its territories are in dispute among various contending factions. The most important of these factions are as follows: (1) the All-Russian Government until recently at Omsk, and headed by General Denikine, in opposition to (2) the Russian Federative Republic, or Soviet Government; .^ 364 I EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS RUSSIA 365 (3) a number of independent or quasi-independent states. The stability of certain of these stat^ IS, at present, an unknown quantity; their boundaries are undetermined and con- stantly shifting, and statistical data concerning them are, in the majority of instances absolutely lackmg. Following is a list of these states: Finland: The former Grand-duchy of Finland proclaimed its independence on July 20, 1917- Its independence was recognized by Great Britain on May 6, 1919, and by the United Stated on May 7, 1919. For complete data see page 257. Poland: The independence of Poland has been recognized by the Allies and the United States The boundanes of the new state of Poland have not been finally determined. The temtones as yet unadjusted include: (1) regions formerly comprised in the Russian provinces of Grodna, Vihia and Kovno, over which a controversy is being carried on with the de facto state of Lithuania; (2) eastern Galicia, in dispute with the de facto state of Ukraima; (3) the Allenstein area of East Prussia, and the former German territory of Upper Silesia, m which plebiscites are to be taken. Both are to vote either to join Poland or Germany. For complete data on Poland see page 332. The Baltic states of Lithuania, Latvia and Esthonia: K *u^!n°^ these have proclaimed their independence, which as yet has not been recognized by the AUies or the United States. Ukrainia: The Caucasian states of Daghestan, Georgia and Azerbaijan: The data at present available with respect to the Baltic States, Ukrainia, and the Caucasian states follows. LITHUANIA The claims of Lithuania include four former Russian provinces as follows: Province Area square miles Population Kovno. Vilna. . Grodno . Minsk. , Total , 15.518 16.181 14,896 35.220 81.815 1.871,400 2,083,200 2,094,300 3,070,900 9.119,800 Portions of the former Russian provinces of Moghilev and Vitebsk are likewise claimed by Lithuania These claims involve a territory about as large as the combined states of Vu-ginia West Virgima and Pennsylvania. Lithuania, according to these claims, would be bounded by Ukraima on the south, Poland on the west, Latvia on the north and Central Russia on the east. om oS\?"''?'^*^'''*'^' ''''^"'^^ ^**^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^t*^ t^«r populations: Vilna 204,290; Minsk 117,600; Kovno. 92,810; Grodno, 64,100. The natural port of Lithuania w Memel, which, according to the terms of the Treaty of Peace, is ceded by Germany to the Allies, and will probably be a free city under the League of Nations The pnncipal industry of Lithuania is agriculture, although some manufacturing is carried on in the larger cities. At the present time Poland occupies the provinces of Grodno and Vilna, and the t^tory actually m the possession of Lithuania comprises only the province of Kovno. Ihe capital of Lithuania at present is Kovno; the government claims Vilna as ita capital. LATVIA The claims of the independent state of Latvia are to the territory comprised with the former Russian province of Courland, with an area of 10,435 square miles and a population of 812,300, and about half of the province of Livonia. The area claimed by Latvia is approximately as large as the combined states of Connecticut and Massachusetts and it is bounded by the Baltic Sea, Lithuania and Livonia. The principal cities included in this territory, with populations: Riga, 569,100; Libau, 90,744; and Mitau, 46,800. The principal industries of Latvia are agriculture, cattle breeding and fruit raising. There are important manufacturing industries at Riga, Libau and Mitau, including iron works, agricultural machinery factories, tanneries, glass and soap works. Iron and lime- stone are the principal minerals. The chief crops are rye, barley, oats, wheat, flax and potatoes. The city of Riga is the principal port of Baltic Russia. ESTHONIA Esthonia claims the former Russian province of Esthonia with an area of 7,605 square miles and a population of 512,000. The area of Esthonia is slightly less than that of the state of Massachusetts. The principal city is Reval, on the Gulf of Finland, with a popula- tion of 137,600. Agriculture is the principal industry, and on the large estates, which predominate in the country, is carried on with modern scientific methods. About 16.6 per cent of the total area is under cultivation, 41.7 per cent is under meadow and grass, and 19 per cent is forest. The principal crops are rye, oats, barley, potatoes, and large quantities of vegetables. Cattle breeding and dairy farming flourished. Fishing is an important industry, the principal product being anchovies. The chief manufacturing industries are distilleries, with an annual output of some 15,000,000 gallons; cotton, woolen, paper and saw mills, iron and machinery and mateh factories. The volume of Esthonian foreign trade by ports for pre-war years is estimated by Esthonian delegates to the Peace Conference as follows: Ports 1912 1913 1914 Reval Imports. Tons 1,287.000 388,800 34.200 Tons 1.409,400 394,200 41.400 45.000 41.400 45.000 Tons 1,242,000 Exports. . 334,800 Pernau I MPORTS 16.200 Exports 9.000 Narva Imports. 47.400 52,200 Exports 9.000 The principal imports are coal, cotton, machinery and herrings. About 80 per cent of the imports are raw and partly manufactured materials for local factories and works. Imports came principally from Great Britain, Denmark and Holland. The principal exports of Esthonia are flax, linseed and some dairy pruducts and timber. Reval annually consumes large quantities of iron and steel for her shipbuilding, wagon, and machinery plants. The principal commodities in demand at present are machinery, agricultural implements, electrical apparatus, paraffin, wheat, coal, suet, cotton, auto- mobile tires, sugar, benzine, and oil. 366 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS RUSSIA 367 Trade Regulations: m T A \ "Tu"/?' '°™'^ *™"^* '* *° '^ instituted, to consist of the Minister of Trade »nrf Industry, the Mimsters for Food Control, Agriculture War and F™IZ Tff,- ^"^\t^ representatives^ Representatives of the c;opfrative s^iel^' and c^mTcialZfinalc::; S^i^n'onh: Co""!t V" " t"'^''- ^' «^P°^ ■""» trantrrde : hout th S Industry, according to the decisions of the cfunc^or Foi^g^S r^T^V?" Fo^i^Tr^e wiH also co.e to definite deCions, rJZ^nl":^:. alL^T'tt .nH ^'^r T"f "^ "'" "^ ^"^'^ °"'y '^ '""'• fi™- " •"»'« trade hcenses of the first cla« and to mdustnal concerns possessing at least fourth class licenses All foreign currency obtained in payment for exports is to be collected bv the Esthnni.n Bank and to remam under the control of the Government for the s^i^of .wZ ^l:^rk^'* ;fXr. 'r "^ '^^ °"* "^ ''" ---y-ntrrmmitr^fte r^xnonian liank If during the space of one month the currency held to the cnnlif of «n for fIIS^C"" "' "^ "'"^ '°^ '' '^"**^ ""'y ^'"^ "•« -°««- °f 'he Council The saJe of imported goods is to be controUed under the law against profiteering of thIXi*^e: '"Z:^ ""l *° rr-'"- - "o -t a^d under t^b oLde and MU^Sg mS: ^tppH^* '"""^^ ^""'^ "^-^^^ '"-• Copies of the invoice consS.t'^ """^ ' " "" '"™**^ *° "p*"'' "^"^^ """ *" '"^«f- th:mrrothet sn^.?s s rariK ^ii-ts -■=—".. p.- - .. UKRAINIA RussS%rvLrrjr:ira:^ Min^titt^i^Zairt °' ''-■ '-% Volhynia. Podolia, Bessarabia (.nflictin; -.tIi:l?'S;,*i^^ToSv:: Chernigov, Kharkov, Ekaterinoslav, Taurida, parts of Kurak, Voronezh, the Province of the Don Cossacks. With the exception of the area in dispute with Lithuania and Roumania, and excluding the province of the Don Cossacks, the area of the Ukrainian state, comprising the districts formerly known as "Little Russia," ''South Russia" and part of "West Russia," is approxi- mately equivalent to that of the combined New England states. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and West Virginia. According to this estimate the area and population is as follows: Provinces Area square miles Population 1915 Kherson Chernigov .... Poltava Kharkov Kiev Pdolia Volhynia Kherson Taurida Eekaterinoslav Total 27,337 20,232 19,265 21,041 19,676 16,224 27,699 27,337 23,312 24.477 226,600 3,806,900 3,148,900 3,906,200 3,542,000 4,988,000 4,127.600 4.241,800 3,806,900 2,133,300 3.537,300 37,238,900 Principal cities with populations: Odessa, 631,040; Kiev, 610,190; Kharkov, 258,360; Ekaterinoslav, 220,100; Kherson, 98,540; Zhitomir, 96,500; Poltava, 82,100; Chernigov, 38,460. Ukrainia includes the most fertile agricultural district of Russia. The principal industry is agriculture, and the chief products are wheat, rye, oats, corn and barley. Wheat was formerly exported in large quantities through Odessa. Agriculture was for- merly carried on with the most modem and scientific methods. Ukrainia likewise possesses the principal deposits of iron ore in European Russia. They are located in the western part of Ekaterinoslav and eastern Kherson, the latter being about two hundred miles distant from the coal fields of the Donetz basin, which produce both anthracite and coking coal. There are several large iron and steel works in Ukrainia, and manufacturing is carried on in the principal cities. At present Ukrainia is the scene of constant warfare between the forces of the Nation- alist Party and those of the Soviet Government. THE GEORGIAN REPUBLIC Claims approximately one-third of Transcaucasia, with an approximate area of 31,484 square miles and a population of over 2,000,000. The boundaries of the de facto repubUc are the Black Sea on the west, the Caucasus Mountains, the Azerbaijan state and Armenia. Principal cities with populations: Batum, 46,000, the most important Black Sea port; Kutais, 53,900; TifUs, 327,800. The exports from the Black Sea port of Batum in 1913 amounted to about $66,450,000, the imports to about $9,150,000. One-half the experts is represented by petroleum shipped from Baku on the Caspian Sea (in the Azerbaijan state) and the remainder by silk, wheat, barley, manganese ore, com, wool, oilcake, carpets and licorice. The principal imports were machinery and tin plate. The principal industries are agriculture, sericulture and the mining of manganese and copper. t 368 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SPAIN 369 THE REPUBLIC OF THE AZERBAIJAN TARTARS Claims the eastern portion of Transcaucasia bordering on the Caspian Sea and bounded by Persia Armenia, Georgia and Daghestan. The principal industry is centered m the petroleum fields near Baku, which, in 1916, produced 57,180,000 barrels of 42 gaUons e^h. Other important industries are silk growing, the raising of livestock and the cul- tivation of the grape. The principal city is Baku, with a population of 237 000 DAGHESTAN Includes the former Russian province of that name with an area of 11 471 souare twn of 79 343, lies northeast of the Caucasus Mountains and borders on the Caspkn Sea ^a o7 28'i?.T'" '' ^^'"i''^' *'^ °^" ^*^^ ^^^^- ^'^^ P-^ of Te«h an ST^tock fe^nTr '°^' ^^"^f '° "^ '''''•^- Agriculture, the br^ing of liv^tock, fishing, the growing of grapes for wine and of sunflowers for oilseed and the cultivation of fruit, are the principal industries. Rye, wheat, oats, barley^d Tiptoes are the principal agricultural crops. ' ^ potatoes SPAIN (See Map, Page 337) A state in southwestern Europe comprising the larger part of the Iberian peninsula. In area it is a little larger than the combined areas of the states of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia. Madrid, the capital, is a little larger than Cincinnati; Barcelona, the second city, is larger than Los Angeles. The climate of the country is warm. The principal industries of Spain are agriculture, fruit raising, mining, and manufactur- ing The most important crops are wheat, barley, and olives, which are cultivated ex- tensively throughout the whole of the southern part of the country. Of minerals iron, copper, coal, lead, and zinc are the most important. Of the manufacturing industries the manufacture of textiles, the production of ohve oil and that of semi-manufactured iron and steel are the most important. The railways of Spain touch all the principal ports and producing centers and connect with those of PVance and with the railway system of Portugal. The per capita imports of Spain in 1917 amounted to $11.47. The per capita exports in the same year amounted to $11.94. In 1915 the United States supplied 24.6 per cent of the total imports and received 4.9 per cent of the total exports. Although for administrative purposes the Canary Islands, consisting of the islands of Teneriffe, Grand Canary and Palma, with four smaller islands, lying in the Atlantic Ocean about 60 miles from the west coast of Africa, are included in the Kingdom of Spain as a province, the statistics of commerce are separately recorded, and are given on the following pages in separate tables. Area and Population The area of continental Spain is 190,050 square miles, of the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands and the Spanish possessions on the north and west coast of Africa 4,733 square miles making a total of 194,783 square miles. 5 r Estimated population for the principal cities of Spain : City Popula- tion, 1917 City Popula- tion, 1917 City Popvila- tion, 1917 Madrid 648,760 621,419 245,871 164,322 140,975 133,012 124,455 102,542 100,461 82,726 71,838 70,807 Palma 67,544 66,106 72,316 72,373 79,889 69,758 62,628 58,088 55,248 55,913 56,779 48,614 Corufia 60,483 Barcelona Cadii Linares 37,039 Valencia . . Cordoba BadajoE 37,600 Sevilla Santander Alcoy 33.896 Malaga S. Cru2 (Canaries) Las Palmas Vitoria 34,304 MureJa Castellon 33,286 Zaragoza ... .... Jerez Burgos 32,675 Cartagena Alicante •. . . - Salamanca 32,971 Bilbao Gijon Pamplona 30,779 Granada Oviedo Ja^n 30,947 Valladolid San Sebastian Almeria Huehra 34,492 Lorea »|! 370 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SPAIN 371 Area and estimated population (1917). of the 49 provinces of Spain: Province Alava Albacete Alicante Almeria Avila BadajoB Baleares Barcelona Burgos CAceres C^diz and Ceuta Canarias Castelldn Ciudad Real C6rdoba Corufia Cuenca Gerona Granada Guadalajara Guip(izcoa Huelva Huesca Ja6n Le6n L^rida 1.175 5.737 2.185 3.360 3.042 8.451 1,935 2,968 5.480 7.667 2.834 2,807 2,495 7.620 5.299 3.051 6.636 2.264 4.928 4,676 728 3.913 5,848 6,203 5,936 4.690 98,350 285,962 502,607 393,680 214.008 644,220 333,129 1,197,601 351,865 421.959 478.802 506.414 320,374 425,729 534,822 699,347 284,407 331,231 545,873 216.284 250.054 343.980 249,047 565.293 399.983 252.813 82.0 41.3 215.1 106.8 65.9 66.4 161.1 381.3 72.2 47.2 165.0 127.5 124.5 42.2 85.8 215.7 37.6 140.7 99.9 42.8 269.0 79.1 41.8 98.8 66.6 60.4 Logrofio. . . . , Lugo Madrid [ Malaga Murcia Navarra Orense Oviedo Palencia Pontevedra. . Salamanca. . . Santander . . . Segovia Sevilla Soria Tarragona. . . Teruel. Toledo Valencia , . „. ValladoUd :: 2:9itt Vizcaya (Biscay) | 835 Zamora Zaragosa 1.946 3.814 3.064 2,812 4.453 4.055 2,694 4.205 3,256 1.695 4.829 2.108 2,635 5.428 3.983 2.505 6.720 6.919 4.150 Total. 4,097 6.728 194.783 186.792 481,478 953.300 530.476 633.776 319,015 417,293 719.762 199,689 516,466 339.821 323,636 173,160 624,233 159,423 333,920 257.063 442.162 926.486 288.067 380.668 271.265 477,017 20,842,902 105.2 The chief emigration from Spain is to Argentina, Cuba. Brazil, Uruguay and Mexico. Emigration figures for the years 1914-1917 inclusive: that ST^r*T f!^*"'^\ '- Spain is very high. The census taken in 1910 showed tnat d8.59 per cent of the population could rpad anH nr^f^ i ^-r x , T »""w*^" and 59.35 per cent could neUher reaS nT wrlT ' "*' '^°* ""^"^ "^ ""'•" Commerce of w^h f IM m ^^.''""""tr "^"^ ^"^^ ""* y«" 1918 ^°^*^i to »280,400,270, oi wnich 5109,773,375 was the value of imoorts and Jt17nfi9fifiQt; *k i '^^»^'"» compared with a total trade of »488418,llCr9iro7S^9 nots l^'^jS jmjx,^ and ,249,008 091 exports. Although the fo,.'i; J^T^Sf^Zl^ 1918 showed a great decrease in comparison with that of thp nro,nV.„o 1 u i ^ I t^d^w. in Spain, favor, hy ^,sk,^0. in — l^TX^ if^ t^^ IT h^ wortJ"^ I9J7 ^Tm ^'2l7'in*','^'''TK" ""'" '"^°" """^ "=<""• ^'^^ »106,339.379 gold and silver in bullion and co^, the balanrof tr^de Tal in Snl"^ T** ""^"^u "' 165.000.000. """ance oi traae was m Spain s favor by more than ;li Eleven years of total foreign trade of the United States with Spain: Year Ended June 30 Exports Imports Excess of Exports (*) Domestic Foreign Total Free Dutiable Total Per Cent. or Imports (-) 1909... 1910... 1911... 1912... 1913... 1914... 1915... 1916... 1917... 1918... 1919... $19,653,427 18,899.125 24,760,914 25,030,211 31.209,453 30,195,622 37,835,470 52,287,417 76,855,034 66,435,160 $25,576 65,278 304,002 27,279 262,270 191.947 277.499 549,304 123.316 728,119 $19,679,003 18,964.403 25,064,916 25,057,490 31,471,723 30,387,569 38,112,969 52,836,721 76,978,350 67,163.288 98.931.638 $6,045,643 7,388,661 9,266,559 10,318,555 12.507,901 10,874,550 7.114.492 14,180,590 15,867,107 8.142.981 $8,031,421 11,064.617 10,518,439 11.612,879 10,712.111 13,784,317 10,913,000 13.683,540 20.995.464 16.422,584 $14,077,064 18,453,278 19,784,998 21,931,434 23,220,012 24,658,867 18,027.492 27,864,130 36,862,571 24,565.565 30.979,183 42.95 40.04 46.83 47.05 53.87 44.10 39.46 50.89 43.05 33.15 $+5,601,939 +511,125 +5.279.918 +3.126.056 +8,251.711 +5.728,702 +20.085.477 *24,972,591 +40,115,779 +42.597.723 +67.952,455 Value of the foreign trade of Spain for ten years: Year Imports Exports • Year Imports Exports IQOQ .... $202,649,827 213.157.393 206,765,024 220,145.658 273,084,923 $196,715,952 207,532,042 212.543,120 221.176.628 236,636.189 1914 $188,338,070 217.677,331 230.664,231 239,110,998 109,773.375 $159,704,810 IQlft 1915 227.462,417 1Q11 1916 234.602.052 1Q12 1917 249.008,091 1913 1918 170.626.895 Value of principal imports for 5 years: Articles 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 Animals Ihre: Horses Mules and mares Agricultural implements Breadstuff 8 : Barley and other cereals Maize Wheat Cars, carriages, other Tehicles and parts: Automobiles and parts Cars, passenger, freight and parts . . Bicycles, motorcycles and parts .... Carriages and other vehicles and parts _ Chemicals , drugs , dyes and medicines : Dj-es Drugs, chemicals and other medi- cines Clocks, watches and parts Coal and Coke: Coal Coke and briquets Cocoa, crude Coffee Cork, bars, slabw and granulated Copper wire Cotton and Manufactures of: Unmanufactured Manufactures of Eggs Electric lamps, including bulbs Explosives Fertilizer: Nitrate of soda Phosphate of lime, natural Other Fibers, vegetables and textile grasses I' nmanuf actured Manufactures of Fish, cod Fruits and nuts Glagg and glassware Hides and skins $206,188 371,598 1.415,937 305,129 5.843.803 16,747,491 940.037 797,656 395.940 17,279 2,875.816 4,461,394 755,996 11.723,330 2,335,838 2.455.840 5,815.315 500,352 873.368 22.755.325 2.120,405 1,032,581 588,903 21,966 1,571,455 1,463,811 4,759.599 2.528.711 1,008,508 6,694,458 564,574 660,736 2.642,956 $10,576 241,316 907,229 23.879 5.950,699 14.708.458 572.674 31.977 306.975 8.349 2.440,247 3,891,201 864.631 8,079.234 1.125,760 2.293.931 5.606,783 333,097 6,972 38.532,651 2,042,989 425,781 443,499 6.972 1,311,913 1.221,647 3,587,213 3,787,175 733.818 5.954,625 717,110 408.559 6.343,001 $145,859 278.513 1,526.089 880 3.112.030 11,470.316 833.498 15.857 303,579 4,928 1,980,609 3,854,755 1,340.917 9,440,497 876,896 2,621,078 5,714,285 224,907 825,104 27.574,368 2,517.024 221,207 403.479 338.859 1,815,067 1,661.128 2.895.193 2.625,150 673,148 4.683.691 741,920 317,736 6,421,648 $225,465 530,332 688,054 43,228 1,594,272 2,002,568 1,635,872 363,344 394,503 2,636 1,529,496 2,649,789 1,447,206 5,119.433 462,181 2.841.930 6,396,696 117.743 970.720 26,146,267 2,291.220 414,916 307,254 2,840 2,260,413 750.663 609,222 2,236.105 490.050 3.391.869 1,241,432 256,718 5.683,761 $318,877 740.056 365,282 280.002 4.977.890 362 967.542 235.951 246.226 1,719 1,073,105 1.292,619 1.085.451 2,187.708 381.491 3,203.769 5.746,232 99.092 387,807 16,208.769 2.257,009 186.368 76.652 9.197 810.023 662.563 5.402 2.911.517 244.079 3,934,729 2.253,479 175.702 5.364.425 Continued on page 372. ,.,i^ 372 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Table continued: Articles 1914 India rubber gutta-perdui and sub- stitutes: Uninaniif actured .... Tires '.'.'.'.'.'.'. Other manufactures of.. .'.'.'.'.. . Inaeoticides, including sulphatis of copper Irra and steel, manuftictures of: Wire, including cables Wire, covered, electric Machinety: Electric motors and dynamos Gas and steam engines Locomotives and tenders. .... .' . .' .* Hydraulic motors Machine tools .".','..' Sewing and embroidery machines . Tyi)ewriters Pumps " * * Wheels, iron and steel .......... . Other machinery [ Kitchen utensils Leather, tanned skins and manufac tures of Lime and cement Meat and dairy products: Birds, for food, live and dead Tallow and other animal fats $707,173 1.109,171 513.125 618,468 469,317 360,808 2,909,072 573,766 1,500.886 228,668 611.895 524,227 382,198 240,188 339,172 6,705,393 788,911 1,323.737 520,777 267,660 1 aiiow ana otner anunal fats 2 223 304 Sausage casings. | W4S« Butter and substitutes Cheese [[ Milk, condensed Ofls: Lubricating Petroleum !.!.'!!] Paper and manufactiires of, including _ pulp Paraffin Seeds: Flaxseed or linseed, sesame seed, etc Other, including carob beans Silk and manufactures of: Unmanufactured Floss !!.'.*.!! Fabrics .'.'.','.*,*.*!! Other manufactures of ].'.'!!!.' Telegraph and telephone materials . . '. Tobacco and manufactures of Unmanufactured "'.'.' Manufactures of ...,'.!!].* Tin and manufactures of . . . Vegetables: Click peas Other, fresh, preserved aiid dried. Vessels and docks: Steamers Other vessels and docks ....'.'.'.'! . Wood and manufactures of: Planks and boards Common Fine ...\ ... ..[... Poles and posts Railway sleepers Staves Wool: Unmanufactured Manufactures of . Gold ; Silver " All other articles. ..........'. 544.456 246,502 904,628 1,026,023 731,992 1,404,456 2,146,967 747,370 5,245,355 978,369 757,975 890,210 1.515,117 714,436 471,138 3.419,067 565,111 792,944 1,466,175 716,526 3.268,787 145,139 6,380,384 307,748 603,392 288,371 792,348 Total. 1.435,918 849,324 4.670,776 325,298 14,876,269 1915 $188,338,070 $1,109,531 891,306 866,305 668.733 234.952 49.794 1,116,460 201,243 249,677 292.875 391,197 522,368 318,516 106,019 70,531 3,204,679 360.784 1,307,626 208.631 237.585 1,698,833 983.772 239,203 562.002 883.744 846,147 1,436,909 2,014,401 1,192.283 5.633.193 69.707 867,834 992.588 1.393,249 801.811 409.187 3.657.136 392.810 945,791 404.551 214,761 1,866,375 57,249 5.312,975 195,550 625.006 25,713 655.188 501,006 39,653,762 3,368,881 11,224,169 1916 $1,986,278 2,030,837 889.507 394.143 391,135 43,815 1,652,766 235,134 683.626 201,370 847,177 603,787 536,903 136,870 187.540 3,384,911 296,370 1.725,522 122,041 110,526 1.422.971 771.679 172.116 256,923 1,085,848 956.149 1,435,904 2.390,699 1,190.284 3.845.203 109.266 807,999 716,661 2,647,474 987,324 843,842 3,228.984 437.379 903,688 449.548 140.546 906,735 430.573 3.819,335 276,791 414,925 23,652 992.887 $217,677,331 797,427 63.968.257 2,271,478 15,932.029 1917 $1,564,298 1.730,823 1.066,216 20.650 153.410 57.342 1,452.565 221.386 701,267 129.125 872.015 454,575 1,896,542 107,721 213,714 1,896,542 123,963 1,353,309 25,070 110.526 1,387,932 913,169 124,049 72.077 883.625 677,331 1,390,838 1,686,799 930.679 2.842,286 71.987 802.989 605,747 1,588,078 1.547,011 602,313 2,991.749 640,335 769,922 116,870 164,187 1,035,721 647,046 1,656.380 221.072 121,908 6,078 932,687 $230,664,231 1.067.226 106,339.379 282,677 16,312.608 1918 $239,110,098 $985,439 462,263 676.575 16,384 152,089 66,081 1.661.031 139.668 111,018 1.131,835 205.664 100,155 624,525 404.709 1.249.230 381.799 69.339 946,180 14,560 738 66,325 41,696 106,924 402,276 734.008 340.845 137.799 1.634,176 202.944 1.301.447 36,849 990,569 767,258 1,475,644 1,323,558 631,575 5,225,697 860,207 244,130 20.074 72.866 321,391 379,502 1,059,592 115,114 146,003 30,712 620,798 4,724,654 943.434 6,094.570 61,338 11,087,113 $109,773,375 SPAIN 373 Principal articles of import by countries of origin for 3 years: Articles 1914 United States Argentina France Germany Great Britain Nether- lands Agricultural implements Automobile parts Breadstuff s: Maize or corr r,:, i f ™'^8"^ravoripo1^ ZT;:'^^^^^^ They a«,: The ^W.3M gains; foHnlTi^rFr^^^ -"« ^""^ Inl917 the total length of Spam's raUways was 8,993 nules. Fost Offices: letJ^^^Tc^iS'^^zSio/''',!;'^'''' <^«1 - -'»<» -vice 190,733,150 service 34,20^98^; "^SSTndl^Sr' T^""' '" ^"^ -t^^-ti^nal carried. ' "" ",706,391 printed papers and samples were Telegraphs: telegi^p^ffi^i'^^lriollSrsii^'^ - *^'«^^ "^^ ^"^ - ^.«' Telephones: tota/n"r^;^;;:c.:n:i^rrt4r^'^™ "' ^ '"**"""» »^">^'^- -^^ Consular representatives: Cebu (P.I ), lloilo P I Tal»^ n' A ^n f'^^' Cincinnati. Portland, Philadelpia Mayague. P.R ) Poni^ rp R ) q!;!' ' '^?. o f ^^■^■^' ^'^'^ 'PJ^>' ""»»'='«' (PR) Norfo^ (Vl,, sl: Tro^t^if^-^^^^^f^^^^^^^^^^^^ Brownsville, Galtoi' Language: The Spanish language is used. Local Advertising Media: own daily newspapers. There are four general magazines with large circulations covering the whole country, and several important trade papers. Posters and electric display signs, as well as railway stations and tram cars are extensively employed as media. Shipping routes: Compania Transatlantica. Ocean Transportation Corp. Kerr S. S. Co. American-French-Mediterranean S. S. Corporation. Customs Tariff: The Spanish customs tariflF, divided into a maximum and minimum tariff, assesses specific duties based on weight on many hundreds of classifications of goods. Consular regulations: No consular invoices are required. A "certificate of origin" is required for certain classes of goods. Cable rates: Via Havre, or Marseilles, $0.38 perword; via Eastern or Direct Spanish, $0.40, from New York or New England states. Postal rates: Postal Union rates. * Mail time: Ten days. Parcels post: Service extends to Spain, including the Balearic and Canary Islands. Limit of weight 11 pounds. Rate 12 cents per pound. Parcels for Spain must be accompanied by three customs declarations, those for the Balearic and Canary Islands by two. Parcels for the Balearic Islands must pay an additional transit charge of 5 cents; those destined for the Canary Islands a transit charge of 10 cents. Parcels can not be registered. Money orders: Not issued. Intemational reply coupons: Issued. Jo 1 384 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SWEDEN 385 SWEDEN (See Map, Page 247) Sweden which occupies the eastern portion of the Scandinavian peninsula has «n wea approxir^tely equivalent to that of the combined New England s^^^^N^'w Yorl about the same size as Mmneapolis. •">-'(«" "ty, is The principal industries of Sweden are mining, forestry, manufacturing and agriculture and zmc. The tmiber resources of Sweden are large and there are numerous saw^^ „eU o^Z'^'jof b'I^w.T'' r 7' -<^,«'-'r"y. 'i'-te^l Pri-ii-Uy in t^e Ztlric for tlLi^^t^ *'"''' '"" "^^^ °°'*''""'"*- ^"^^ «''y »' Gothenburg is likewise a center hrJ^^""'*"'*' ^^"^ -^ '"^'^ """'^^ °" ''y ™»" independent farmers, and cattle breeding, are unportant mdustries. The most important crops^ oats rye Srlev wheat mdustnes of Sweden are also miportant; among the principal ones may be mentioned h! imn industries and plants producing machinery. saw-miUs and wood pij ZLLxtt factories, floi^ mills, beet sugar works, manufactures of spiriU and breweriL Tre'c^ntel Th^ pZL orX T"°"" T '"''"''• ^'<"='''«""' •'°"^°P'»« -d Gothenbur" I hese plants produce machinery and materials of aU kinds, the greatest single soecialtv being the manufacture of cream separators. Another impokant manufactS rdlty IS the production of matches, which centers at Jonkoping, Tidaholm and lT hr ZrX ?^rr °f,^*«''«° ^^ ^''t^'^i^^ and form a close network over the country as far north as Gefle. Important trunk Unes under govermnent operation are thos^ to St^ck hoLn Mabno to Gothenburg, and to Christiania, and certain tLu^rTti in t^e Lutt" pother important hne runs north from Stockhohn parallel with the east co^and bralht off to the prmcipa^ ^a ports, connecting with a Une from Trondhjem in No^av Tl^ Of Z'l7^:t:ZTyi:^^Z^:iT2^-'''-'^^ The per capita exports Area and Population The population of pripcipal towns over 10,000 inhabitants at the begmning of 1918: Stockholm aiq lao Goteborg ^^'^f Norrkoping ll'??i orTbro::::::::::::: ^'^? Eskilstuna ?J'°Sa Jonkoping 30,500 Karlskrona ^'^J ^S^P^"^ 25,930 L^Ld 24,030 Halmsttui; '.'.'.'.'..'.: 23,085 Karlstad Jf-g^ Landskrona (S'2^5 Kalmar \l'^^ Sundsvall {^.gS SodertaUe JfJfJ Uddevalla J^lJg I3,6oo Area, in square miles, and population of Sweden, according to the census of 1910. Qovernments (Land) Stockholm (city) ....... .. Stockholm (rural district) SooM-manland Ostergotland Jonkoping Kronoberg Kalmar Gottland Blekinge Kristianstad MalmohuB Halland • Goteborg and Bohua AlvBborg Skaraborg Varmland Orebro Vastmanland Kopparberg Gavleborg Vasternorrland Jamtland Vaaterbotten Norrbotten Total Area Population 53 342,323 2.987 229,181 2.051 128,171 2.629 178,568 4.265 294,179 4.447 214,454 3.825 157,965 4.454 228,129 1,220 55.217 1.164 149,359 2.492 228,307 1.871 457,214 1,900 147,224 1.948 381,270 4.914 287,692 3.273 241.284 7.459 260,135 3.526 207,021 2,608 155,920 11.586 233,873 7,615 253,792 9,856 250.512 19.900 118,115 22.749 161,366 40,731 161.132 169.523 5,522,403 The estimated total population of Sweden in 1916 was 5,757,566. Commerce Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Sweden for eleven years: Year Exports Imports Excess of exports (*) June 30 Domestic Foreign Total Free Dutiable Total Per cent free or imports (-) 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 16,730,672 5,983,112 7,971,659 9,443,084 12,076,527 14,643.323 75,780.730 45.179.750 44,037,099 3,420,415 $632 8,784 2,163 7,927 27,839 903 2.493.088 6.799,995 646,414 702.135 $6,731,304 5,991,896 7,973,820 9,451,011 12,104,366 14,644,226 78,273,818 51,979,745 44,683,512 4,122,550 98.931.638 $471,305 751.259 604.199 1.067.897 770.965 6,578,695 8,516,464 6,923.681 18.257.938 4,550,747 $4,014,837 6.079.218 7.928,223 8,453,858 10.403,454 5.011,412 3,144,873 6,923,200 5.791,041 6,085,607 $4,486,142 6.830.477 8.532.422 9.521.755 11.174.419 11,590,107 11,661,337 11,846,881 24,048,979 10.636.354 5.820,070 10.51 11.00 7.08 11.22 6.90 56.76 73.03 58.44 76.92 42.78 + §5,601,939 511,125 - 6.279.918 - 3,126.056 + 8,251,711 * 5,728,702 + 20,085.477 + 24,972.501 + 40,115,779 - 42,597,723 * 93,111,568 Foreign trade of Sweden during 1917: Countries Imports Exports Countries Imports Exports Great Britain 1917 $17,441,440 77,245,640 30,396.560 13,847,560 5,368,040 5,220,640 1917 $57,920,160 94,349,400 30,225,040 43,606.280 17,784.480 34,191,440 France 1917 $4,207,600 6,190,800 25.760,160 17,629,040 1917 $17,095 720 Germany Netherlands United States Other countries Total 21,343.520 Denmark Norway Finland 13,515,240 31,648,120 Russia . $203,307,480 $361,679,400 t * ij .- .^ 386 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SWEDEN 387 Value of the foreign trade of Sweden by countries of years: origin and destination for three Country Imposts 1914 Great Britain . Germany Denmark Norway Finland Russia France , Spain Italv Netherlands . . . United States.. Argentine Other countries Total Exports 1914 Imposts 1915 Exports 1915 $39,260,634 63,931,277 13,841,442 7,781.587 2.422.526 3.951,225 7,739,777 811,409 1,564,253 5,173,074 20,924,424 3,852,957 13,556.740 $184,811,325 $69,229,602 46.857,143 19.523.776 13.100.317 4.641.009 8.335.677 8,770,373 3,173,600 1.100,053 fi.Ol 1.602 11.043.768 1.397.418 15,110,916 Imports 1916 Exports 1916 $207,296,154 $67,225,249 67,401,556 18,697.363 13,531,081 3,146,742 4,491,484 6.378.414 1.237,829 1.860,460 7,385,064 86,259,811 17,957.9(i3 18.639,364 $304,152,410 $88,319,374 130.359,217 21,545,855 20.423.247 10,784,181 20,343.676 8.436,521 4,389,874 2,690.365 11,641.867 8.945.225 1,453.671 23,493.570 $352,826,643 $44,063,341 112.606,410 21,330,011 16.385,194 2.430.279 2,815.854 6,314,740 1,026.760 1.741,611 5.804,028 57,334,700 11.256,463 22.024,852 $305,134,243 $86,773,994 117,258.650 25.150.060 30.922.834 16.568.721 3.646.837 25.887,016 7.841.097 4,625.477 16.434.968 20.205.808 2.891.699 27.080.332 $384,287,473 m for ZflU:"^ '""''^ '"^^ °' ^"^*"' *'' "'^"P'^ conmaodities of import and export Imports 1915 Exports 1915 Textile manufactxires Corn and flour .'!.'.'.*! ' * Colonial wares ..!!!!.'! * * Raw textile material and yarn. . Minerals, of imports, mostly coai Metal goods, machinery, etc . Live animals and animal food ...'.'. Hair, hides, and other animal products Metals, raw and partly wrought Timber, wrought and unwrought " Wood pulp, paper and paper manufactures '. Other articles Imports 1916 Exports 1916 $16,823,036 35.694.362 16.450.156 48.323.225 62,551.197 22.371.160 10,155.130 18,186.363 22.712.410 2.274.065 1.578.115 59.073,206 $101,157,224 242,898 5,122,178 27,901,839 28,381,115 41,830,805 49,010,332 7,595,488 36,458,785 63.140.232 43,986.578 38.999.681 $22,379,606 15.679.076 19.678.234 23.520.899 81.733.879 27.823.100 10.329,063 16,090,784 25.367.368 3.744.214 2,463.474 56.666.159 $5,894,141 1.516.078 2,855.076 1.222,865 27,138.436 68,899.351 49.496.052 7.095,268 45,761,598 88.159,742 76,446.483 42.923.914 Production and Industry Agriculture: th«n^ f ^^ the" were 447,695 farms under cultivation of which 130,852 consisted of less or^'tW. iLTT rr *^ ^ '^'^ '^ *•"" '*» ""^ot*^; "^d 2,590 consisted ofmore than 100 hectar^ About 60 per cent of the area of Sweden is under forest the product of which IS one of her most valuable exporte and provides the raw mat^riaHor her buTtW '' developed manufacturing industry. About io per cent iTrnderldtivation but the farmmg population and the industrial population are about equal. """"""""'■ $26 m^^^ll^^l^llZ"^ '° '^'\'"^ »632,S95,226. of which wheat waa valued at »^o,i/i,su8, rye at $53,178,436; com at $22,621,676- oats at «fi7 'ion lift. j„j * .oo 102,916; peaa $7,581,788; beans $530,104; veich 7^248? To^r'Zi^tTSSmm' tZ.Zr'r" rt '^^-OOI-m; from spring se^d $78,100,56071^^^ $2,678,928. Livestock m 1918 comprised 214,822 hois^ 2 ^S4 Ifin hJT t tT 1,409,470 sheep and Iambs and 633,860 sheep. ' ' ' ^^ °^ """*' Acreage and produce of principal crops during three years: Crop Acres 1916 1917 1918 Produce (tons) 1916 1917 1918 Wheat Rye Barley Oats Mixed corn Leguminous crops ®. . Potatoes Roots. Sugar beet and other roots Hay and fodder plants 317.960 911.736 411.907 1.935.128 492.068 84.627 367.442 272.134 3.180.055 329,060 814.317 437.851 1,932,503 617.922 94.645 396.933 286.426 3.014.220 380.762 947.729 457.699 1,809.993 651.855 104,426 418,635 ^ 297,963 '52.939,170 245.987 541.921 298.257 1,238.436 369.244 43.402 1,497,350 3,405,704 4,858,764 186.809 357.654 256.044 974.576 325.990 39.502 2.277.967 3.405.477 2.547,379 245.019 502.779 254,080 840.135 380.080 59.909 1.935.840 3.686.252 2.123.314 Note: ® Peas, beans, etc. Mines and Mining: The mineral resources of Sweden have always contributed the principal source of the kingdom's wealth. In 1917, 9,662,966 tons of iron ore were mined, 828,968 tons of pig iron and 487,560 tons of bar iron were produced. Other mineral products in the same year were 3,708 tons of silver and lead ore, 51,310 tons of zinc ore, 142,366 tons of sulphur pyrites, 19,870 tons of manganese ore, and 13,570 tons of copper ore, and 442,660 tons of coal. (For other data see under manufactures.) Forestry: The total area of public-owned forests is 20,212,073 acres and in 1916 yielded 5,550,000 cubic feet of timber. (For statistics of wood product industries see under manufactures.) Manufactures: The manufactures of Sweden are of growing importance. As a producer of machinery, such as separators, and other dairy machinery, motors, instruments of precision, harvesting machinery, telephone apparatus, and electrical supplies, Sweden has taken a leading position. Porcelain is produced at Rorstrand and Gustavsburg, glass at Rejmyre and Kosta, and the principal sawmills are located on the Gulf of Bothnia. Industrial distribution is fairly widespread, and many important manufactures are located in rural districts. The metal- lurgical and timber industries are the oldest and most important, but the textile industries are gradually becoming a source of increasing national wealth. The number of factories, employees, and the value of the output of the Swedish in- dustries: Industry Iron mines and smelting furnaces Other mines and smelting furnaces Iron and steel works Other metal works Iron and steel products factories Mechanical workshops Wharfs and dockyards Electric machine factories t'ectric apparatus factories Instrument and watch factories Manufactures of metals (other than iron and steel) Manufacture of articles in gold and silver Other metal industries No. of No. of Value of Establishments Workmen Product 134 12.654 $20,884,628 65 2.046 3,402,s34 121 23,844 76.477.364 4 871 7,048.810 349 16.480 33.021.862 726 53,297 96,067,903 86 9,060 11.534,596 14 4,070 10,052,429 n 3,983 9.294,112 67 1,667 2.089,266 162 6,462 23.533.995 SS 1,254 1.891,085 17 335 2.372.385 Continued on page 388 ff 388 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS II Table continued: Industry No. of Establishments Coal mines , Peat industry Stone quarries and dressing works . Stone cutting and polishing Chalk industry Cement factories Heavy pottery ware Brickyards Porcelain and tiles Glass. Other stone and earth product industries Saw mills [ Manufactures of cases, etc .*..'!!.' Shipyards Joinery and furniture factories .".*.*.'.* Other wood industries Pulp factories ."!!..*! Paper and cardboard factories !.!!!!!!. Cardboard product factories and other paper industries. Wall paper. Graphic industries Milling industry Starch factories Manufactories of yeast cakes Bakeries Sugar factories Sugar refineries Chocolate and confectionery factories Rum Distilleries Breweries, etc Other drinks Tobacco factories Dairies Marearine factories Butchers and grocers Fish canning and preserve making Other food products Cotton spinning and weaving Linen, hemp and jute spinning and weaving. Wool spinmng and weaving , Cloth ;:;, Ribbons, curtains and embrorderies , Threads and cords , Clothing , Hats and caps , Dyeing and cleaning Other textile indvistries Tanneries Leather factories ..,. Shoe factories Rubber factories ' . Other leather and rubber industries Paint and varnish factories Oil, soap, perfume, candles Fertilisers Carbonization and distillation of wood Explosives Match factories Other chemical industries Electric industry Gas industry !....! Water power indus^ Grand total. 9 135 190 06 78 7 12 335 30 78 65 1.365 29 35 481 141 114 74 109 40 45 850 92 8 176 22 6 66 126 7 858 146 .26 1,237 24 161 65 60 60 18 117 51 80 38 ISA 41 80 1ft 188 81 98 10 •7 M li 18 188 810 88 106 10,590 No. of Workmen 2.348 4,723 4.862 1.637 3.879 12.451 98 7,905 2,887 6,021 1.286 46,864 627 596 11.116 2,559 13,369 12,255 4.683 282 1.667 3.214 460 195 3,893 6,452 2,126 2,910 851 146 6,045 765 4,290 4,423 749 1.417 1.152 615 14.007 3.575 10,929 4.097 1.260 519 8,051 2,316 944 319 2.238 974 8,958 1.896 1.620 449 1.829 913 796 2,039 6,162 3,299 2,606 1.739 1,027 397.823 Value of Product 1 1.710.422 1,573.016 2,141.421 1.072,340 2.060.266 3.408.938 84.397 6.046.132 2.280.021 6.013.033 2,397.821 92.753.625 1.116,120 585,332 11,485,512 3,415,668 58,311.888 39.131,652 4.916,922 886.819 1.974.879 48,958,029 1.21J,789 2.830,256 12.928.096 9,455,403 22.305.942 6,764.241 7.116,306 10,436,191 15.228.485 2.915.063 17.084,491 28.219.982 10.217,817 28,087,688 3,473,455 6,066,336 27.069,467 5.841,686 25.237,561 6,555,548 2,407,881 2,426.347 12.387,902 3,032,834 2,207,292 512,649 20,248,892 2,372,371 27,154,101 5,193.526 2.929,473 2.389,469 16,263,378 5.616,768 2,775,946 4,982,121 11,948.003 13.998,303 12.743.525 6,976,885 1,634,543 SWEDEN 389 ^*°^The*Swedi8h language is closely related to the Danish. In commercial correspoudence English or German may be employed. Money, weights and measures: , . The monetary systems of Sweden, Norway and Denmark are aUke. The unit is the krona of 100 ore with a par value of $0,268 United States currency. There are gold 20 kroner and silver kronor pieces. National bank notes of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 1,000 kroner are issued and are convertible at par into gold. The metric system of weights and measures prevails. Consular representation: », , .. , ox i u i United States consular officials are stationed at Goteborg, Mahno and Stockholm. Swedish consular officials are stationed at Mobile, Nome, Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, Denver, Pensacola, Savannah, Honolulu, Chicago, Sioux City, New Orleans, Baltimore, Boston, Detroit, Minneapolis, Kansas City, Missoula, Omaha, New York City, Jamestown, Grand Forks, Cleveland, Portland, Philadelphia, Manila, Ponce, San Juan, Galveston, Salt Lake City, Norfolk, St. Thomas. Shipping routes : Swedish-American Line. Consular regulations: No documents are required and no restrictions are imposed. Customs Tariff: , . . / • , x n The Swedish tariff applies both ad valorem and specific duties based on weight, usuaUy the latter, on many classifications. Cable rate: From New York and New England states, $0.38 per word. Postal rates: Postal Union rates. Mail time: About ten days to Stockholm. Parcels Post: Service extends to Sweden. Limit of weight, 11 pounds. Money orders: Issued. International reply coupons: VaUd. $101,224,939 Local Advertising Media: There are several important daily papers and an excellent commercial and engineering magazine with a circulation extending into Denmark and Norway. Posters and electric display signs, as well as railway stations and tram cars are extensively employed as media. 1 Ili 390 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SWITZERLAND are ZuHch. Baae., Geneva and Bern. Z^^^7^i;:^^ZMj^o'r'"' """' . large portion^f ^p^l^nZt^oTtZ^'^u'"^'"^'-'^'"''''''''"^' agriculture. t~P"muon ana are of conaderably more importance than The principal agricultural crops are rve oat« rv^to>^. . u vegetables. The cultivation of the grarfor' the ;^t^; ^^ ^'."'°*' '"^^ ""< importance. Of mineral products t^ mit im J7^ f"^^ "^^ ^ decreasing in facturing industries the H^V^^T eZ^'t Zt ""J T^'' "^ '^"- manufacture of watches, embroidery, and mactoJrv In n^ "nportant foUowed by the shows the largest amiual turnover U thlt of or^H^n ''°"°''' '""«» *•>« industry which to vi^ting tourists. There are at ^r^tlZ^S Z::-t^ZZ"''''^-''' V^^^'^^'^ ^^^ of Switzerland amount to $116 59 In IQlfi .K. tt •. j o. . supphed 23.7 per cent of the total imports and took S.s'per ce't ol the Lt^r^ '^^'^ SWITZERLAND 391 Area and Population Area in square miles and population of Switzerland, census of 1916: Canton Area Sq. Miles Population Ziirich . Bern. Luzern. Uri. Schwyi Obwald Nidwald Glanis Zug Fribourg Solothurn Basel Stadt (BWe VUle) Basel Land (B&le Commune) Scbaff hausen Appenzell Rh Ext Appenxell Rh Int St. Gallen Graubunden Aargau Thurgau Tessin Vaud Valaifl Neuch&tel Geneve Total. 15,976 666 550.000 2.657 683.000 579 170,000 415 24.000 351 61.000 183 18,000 112 14,000 267 34.000 92 30.000 644 144.000 302 126.000 14 141.000 163 81,000 114 53,000 101 60.000 61 15.000 779 304.000 2.773 120.000 542 240.000 381 135.000 1,088 160.000 1,244 333.000 2,027 138,000 312 138.000 108 170.000 3.937.000 Population of principal cities: Zurich . . . Geneva. . Basel .... Bern Lausanne . 213.900 139.600 137.100 105.000 71.400 Lucerne Chauz deFonds. Biel Winterthur Neuch&tel 44,000 38.000 32,400 27.000 23.800 Commerce Eleven year table of the total foreign trade of the United States with Switzerland: Year End<»H Exports Imports Excess of Exports (♦) June 30 Domestic Foreign Total Free Dutiable Total Per Cent. Free or Imports (-) 1909.. 1910.. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 1914.. 1915.. 1916.. 1917.. 1918.. 1910 $747,257 752,794 698.986 833,157 795,687 865,699 2.718.645 8,046.249 22,290,609 21.179,497 $3,479 3,976 5,822 22,198 30,862 153,903 17,143 36,267 35.170 66.581 $750,736 756,770 704,808 855,355 826,549 1.019,602 2.735.788 8,082.516 22,325.779 21.246,078 63.223.093 $455,263 534.890 479,683 548,626 552,661 689,924 1.270,498 2,290,395 1.188,320 908,744 $23,376,229 24.674,269 25,172.616 23,410,071 22,707,519 24,639,775 18,064,985 19,485,018 19,064.634 17,954.246 $23,831,492 25,209,159 25,652,299 23,958,697 23,260.180 25,329,699 19.335,483 21.775.413 20.252.954 18.862.990 18.648.788 1.91 2.12 1.87 2.29 2.38 2.72 6.57 10.52 5.86 4.82 $-23,080,756 -24.452.389 -24.947,491 -23,103,342 -22,433.631 -24.310.097 -16.599.695 -13.692.897 ♦2.072.825 *2.383,088 ♦44.574,305 Value of foreign trade, (special commerce) for 5 years: Classification 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 Imports $384,737,256 263,920.667 $373,212,283 282.151,985 $287,402,607 230.730,832 $324,245,190 322,320,808 $459,051,465 Exports 472,40S.80S * 392 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Value of special commerce by principal commodities for 1915 and 1916: Articles Imports 1 — EXPOBTS 1915 1916 1915 1916 Cereals $53,003,783 6.211,319 24,558,092 9,835.473 3,229.083 7.746.634 1.950.458 6,300.871 3.074.490 28.948.842 2,089.804 53,859.972 11,346,084 5.763,559 26,158,255 16,815,318 5,109,868 4,893.322 687,659 11,617,512 6.962.861 $84,167,107 8.283.367 36.046.224 8.823.960 573,789 14,877.019 2.440.871 9,467.422 3,720,268 33.384,36S 3,378.851 73.772,513 17.070.657 7,495.734 32.108,252 24.437,8.53 15,130,042 6.195.493 1.111,294 18,393.093 8,373.498 $2,550,495 1.941.387 17.820,462 24,513,895 923.405 608.722 1.544.386 11.401.089 4,722,903 69,968,767 549,085 67.689,346 4,774,048 4,967.241 2,826.906 13.635.2.57 7.825,378 17.197,265 26,365,151 6,111,924 374,806 Fruits and vegetables '. $3,766,462 Colonial produce 1.628.341 Animal food substances ••..... Tobacco * ' * ■ Beverages 16.007,227 27,017,298 1,924.210 Animals, living 3.765.816 Hides and skins ..'. 13.713.422 Timber 10.768.821 Cotton goods 14.945,534 Linen, hemp, etc., goods 70,176,730 Silk goods 658,937 Woolen goods 103,428,507 Clothing, ready made ', 7,114,366 Mineral substances 6.482,291 Iron work 4,675,811 Copper work 21.614,456 Machinery 26,573.591 Clocks 29,941.634 Chemicals 40,109,067 Grease, oils, etc 8,429,468 338,522 1 otal , $324,245,790 $459,051,465 $322,320,808 $472,408,995 1916 Value of special trade with principal countries of origin and destination in 1915 and Countries Imports 1915 1916 Exports 1915 1916 United States . . . Germany France Italy Austria Hungary United Kingdom Russia $62,625,955 80.719.162 36.4H0.281 49.940.873 12.679.714 21.622.755 1.627,955 $108,999,259 91.158,146 45,621,919 75,318.443 8.635.399 30.787.167 165,980 $20,682,266 88.262.567 42.555.149 17.270.798 30.218,782 68,538,932 5,648,145 $25,598,362 136.755,554 77.420,792 28.939.771 37,706,410 81.838,176 11.784,580 Production and Industry Agriculture : The estimated acreage of productive land in 1917 was 5,733,445; the number of farmers, 182,291. Area planted to grain in 1918 as compared with 1917, and production in 1918: Kind of Grain Area, Acres 1917 Wheat: Winter . . Summer. German. Rye: Winter. . Summer . Barley: Winter. . Summer . Oats Com 1918 Production in 1918. Bushels 809,604 6,523 43.442 38,765 3.291 3.375 15,676 70.619 4.890 139.277 11,490 66,720 48.185 4.027 2,441 23.079 78.875 9.068 1.443.018 491,724 904.705 65,887 95.098 2.701 SWITZERLAND 393 Potato crops during five years: Year Acreage Short Tons Year Acreage Short Tons 1914. 1915. 1916. 114.903 121.081 134,671 573,201 920.429 551,155 1917. 1918. 135,288 147,767 1,152,796 881,848 Livestock was owned (1916) by 262,111 persons and consisted of 136,836 horses and 4 367 mules owned by 74,918 persons; 1,615,893 head of cattle, of which 849,011 were c^ws and were owned by 207,523 persons; 544,563 swine, 172,938 sheep and 358,887 goats owned by 198,213 persons. j , j The principal agricultural mdustries are the production of cheese and condensed milk The daily production of milk m 1917 averaged 5,618,098 gallons; the daUy pro- duction per cow averaging 7 gaUons. The estimated total milk production m 1918, was 1 786 000 000 gallons, of which 1,692,000,000 gallons was cows milk, of this amount 535 800 000 gaUons were converted into other products, 470,000,000 gallons into cheese, 47 000 000 gallons into condensed milk, and 18,800,000 gallons into miscellaneous pro- ducts. ' During the same year there were produced 62,920,000 pounds of cheese, 28,820,000 pounds of butter and 55,000,000 pounds of condensed milk. ^^^'^here are 67 mines in Switzerland employing a total (1915) of 894 persons. In 1917 the production of the 5 salt mining districts was 1,679,273 pounds (1,520,118 m 1916). ^'^The principal manufacturing industries are textile machinery, located in Zurich, shoes, silk, located in Zurich and Basel; cotton, in Zurich; machine embroideries and lace work in St. Gall, Appenzell and Thurgau. There were 1,860 embroidery establishments operating 8,100 machines in 1914. Watch-making, centers in Geneva, Locle, Chaoux-de- Fonds and Bienne. Zurich, Geneva and Basel are the commercial centers. An unport- ant industry is the hotel industry. -10,7 Distribution of manufacturing enterprise according to geographical location in lyi/, and the number of employees in 1916. ^ ___^^^^^^^ Cantons Number of Establish- ments Number of Employees Cantons Niunber of Establish- ments Number of Emploj-ees Ziirich Berne Lucerne Uri Schwys Okwald Midwald .... Claris Zug Freiburg .... Solothurn. . . Basel Stadt.. Basel Land . . SchafThausen . 1,450 1,368 216 17 91 19 28 116 57 116 335 358 159 108 63,312 52,211 9.860 1.732 4.173 292 618 7,622 3,722 4,736 25,820 17.789 7,182 10,209 Appenzell Rh. Ext. Appenzell Rh. Int. St. Gall Grisons Aargau Thurgau Tessin Vaud Valais Neuch&tel Geneva 218 10 894 160 577 421 261 638 91 667 495 Total . 8,992 4,871 200 30.236 3,066 32,625 16,169 6.824 17,343 3.852 20,003 16.039 360,506 Number of workers in most important industries (1916) : Cotton industry Silk industry Embroidery industry .... Other textile industries. . Clothing industry Foods, etc Chemical industry. 30,837 33,700 24,192 13,028 34,238 33,096 15,292 Gas, water, electricity Paper industry Woodworking Metallurgy Machinists ,• • • Jewelry and watchmaking . Earth and stone work .... 4.035 18.530 17,974 32.618 52,645 44.476 11.323 i t « r -I 394 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS TURKEY 895 !, Railways : The state raOways in 1917 had a mileage of 3,675; there were also 35 mUes of foreign railway within the country. *^ Telegraphs, Telephones, Post-ofl5ces: There were 1,980 miles of telegraph line and 2,407 offices in Switzerland in 1917 In the same year there were 591 telephone systems with 12,240 miles of line handling 94 187 241 conversations. There were also 4,086 post offices. ' ' Money: The unit is the Franc of 10 Batzen and 100 Centimes, or Happen, which has a par value of f0.193 United States currency. There are notes of 50, 25, 20 and 5 francs. Weights and Measures: The metric system prevails. Other weights and measures in use are the Centner- 50 kilograms and 100 pfund-110 pounds; the quintal -100 kilogrames -220 pounds the arpent - 1 acre. ' Language: The French language is spoken in the cantons of Geneva, Neuchdtel, Vaud, Valais and Fribourg, Itahan, in the canton of Tessin, or Ticino, and German m all the others. Local Advertising Media: There are important daily papers in Berne, Geneva, Lucerne and Zurich The chief newspaper m Zurich is printed in German and is a very powerful medium*. Although there are a number of magazines and trade papers in Switzeriand, they are for the most part of secondary importance. Posters and electric display signs, as weU as raUway stations and tram cars are extensively employed as media. Consular representatives: The United States consular officials are staUoned at Basel, Berne, Geneva. St. GaU and Zurich. ' ^'•^t Switzerland maintains consular officials at the following places* V ifn^'/'^f ''''; ^*-^^"^' Philadelphia, Denver, St. Louis, Manila, Washington, New ^ttti? ^*^''^*^"' ^^^"^8°' Cincinnati, Virgin Islands, New Orleans, Portland, and Shipping routes: See under Belgium and France. Customs Tariflf: The Swiss tariff assesses specific duties based, in the majority of instances, on gross weights, upon more than a thousand classifications or goods. Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required. There are no restrictions as to marks, weights, Cable rates: Thirty cents a word from New York or New England states. Postal rates: Postal Union rates. Mail time: Eight to 10 days via Paris, from New York. Parcel post: Service does not extend to Switzerland. Money orders: Issued. International reply coupons: Issued. TURKEY Until the negotiation of a treaty of peace with Turkey, the extent to which that country will suffer territorial losses cannot be finaUy determined. It is probable however that Turkey will not only lose the greater part of her European territory, but Armema, Palestine and Mesopotamia, most of Arabia and Syria. U this is the case the sole remam- ing possessions of Turkey will be the region lying behind Ck)nstantinople, and Anatoha m Asia Minor. Agriculture and mining were the principal industries of Turkey before the war. Both of these industries were, however, carried on with the most primitive methods. Cereal crops, tobacco, cotton, flax and grapes and coffee were the principal agricultural products. Iron, manganese, coal, gold, zinc and copper were the most important mmeral products. Sericulture was extensively carried on. Manufacturing was relatively ummportant, bemg largely confined to some textile mills, chiefly at Smyrna in Syria, and the weavmg of carpets and rugs. Constantinople, the principal city of Turkey, is an important port and trade center. Smyrna, in Syria, is the most important center of the trade of the Levant. Area and Population No definite information is available with respect to the area and population of Turkey, since the whole question of the distribution of former Turkish possessions remams to be settled by the treaty of peace with Turkey which is to be presented in 1920. As formerly constituted, between the close of the first Balkan war in November 1913 and the close of the great war, the Turkish Empire comprised: (1) Turkey in Europe, with an area of 10,882 square miles and a population of 1,891,000; (2) Asia Minor, with an area of 199,272 square miles and a population of 10,186,900; (3) Armenia and Kurdestan, with an area of 71,990 square mOes and a population of 2,740,900; (4) Syria, with an area of 114,530 square miles and a population of 3,675,100; (5) Mesopotamia, with an area of 143,250 square miles and a population of 2,000,000; and (6) Arabia. .F^ n r, \\\ i 396 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS TURKEY 397 decla^d iU independence; Ar.,Cr:^lIi';V:l^,^^ZndZt, ^ ^t ^T^ *"" """ r-'^'"*' "^ "- -"'^''^d "y eight Tndepe^enft~tt' These e^ht governments are: The Kingdom of the Hedjaz, which has been re^l? J as an mdependent sovereignty by the Peace Conference; the EWte oS ^^ W Cen^M Arabia (capital Riyadh); the Emirate of Jebel Shammar wWch h^ ^t^T II of Ne,d (capital Hail); the principate of Asir, on the west Z^ o/ Irl^Z^JnlZ and Yemen (capital, Sabijah); the Imamate of Yemen; the SijLu^te of K^w^t ^^l' Jra «<^j7BriLrlT, 'T'' 'T'"^ ""''*' *''* '"^^"^"ty of the Sultan, altho^h practicaliy a British protectorate, was formerly declared a British protectorate n>ateSl,UM " u? °' T^tl' '°"'"''"" "°""^ '«<'"- TurkeyT^Tt^of approxi- ac::StSrrcfa:^rmt^'^srMt^^^^^^ Principal cities and towns with approximate populations: Sm^n?"""""'* 1-000.000 Damas/>iio 375,000 Alep^ 250.000 is? (^ciipied by- GWatBritainj '. [ fis.'oOO BrSwa 150.000 Jerusalem (occupied by Great Britain) SS.'OOO Adnanople «-» nXn Mofitil 83.000 ^•tv«ui Q^ (Yin Baara (occupied by Great Britain); .' .' .' io.'ooo Erierum . , Horns. . . . Kerbela. . SivAs Hama. . . . Trebizond , Kaisarieh . Konia Jaffa. Gata (occupied by' Great Britain) , 80,000 70,000 65,000 65,000 60,000 55.000 54,000 45,000 45.000 40,000 40,000 Commerce Total foreign trade of the United States with Turkey for 11 years: Year ended June 30 Exports Domestic Foreign Total Imports Free 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Dutiable S2.51 1.482 2,340,160 3,925.601 3,786,789 3.301.557 3.308,382 993.586 42,169 167,169 305,557 Total $6,660 17,512 14,452 11,379 12,264 20,137 534 $2,518,142 2,357,672 3.940,053 3,798,168 3,313.821 3.328.519 994.120 42,169 167,515 305,557 9,722,028 Per cent free Excess of exports (♦) or imports (-) $2,813,479 3,472.561 3.477,646 2,927,195 3,607,754 3.396,220 1.718.253 78,090 2,662 3.240 $9,615,649 12,881,340 14,213,166 16.281.731 18.551,531 17,446,857 10,510,454 786.395 332,928 218.799 $12,429,128 16,353.901 17,690.812 19.208.926 22.159,285 20,843,077 12,228,707 864,485 335,590 222,039 12,534,210 22.64 21.23 19.66 15.24 16.28 16.29 14.05 ".'78 1.46 $-9,910,986 -13.996,229 -i3.750.759 -15.410.758 -18,845.464 -17.514.558 -11,234.587 -822,316 -168,075 ♦83.518 -2.812.162 Imports and exports by articles for the year 1913-1914: Articles Imports Exports Animals, live. Food products (ammaH . . ;••:,•,••, •.• • • • • Cereals vegetables, baker's and miller's products. Fruits and vegetables, fresh and preserved Trees, seeds, kernels and other plants Cofifee. cocoa, tea and spices Sugar and sweets. Tobacco Liauors, mineral waters .............; ; ••,••.•• j" " 1' Oils: vegetable, animal, mineral, lubricating oils and their products Manure, hides; combustibles. •.••••, ;• • •, Chemical products, materials for tanning, dyes and colors Drugs, medicines and perfumes Rosins and prepared cement Arms and ammunition ; • • • j Earth, stones; manufactures of earth and stone Common metals, and manufactures of Wood, and manufactures of Rags, paper, manufactures of — stamped Hides, manufactures of hides and fur Textile industry • Rubber and manufactures of Machines, wagons and boats Watches, clocks and musical instruments Fez, hats, feathers and artificial flowers Works of art and scientific instruments Jewelry, fine hardware and haberdashery All other articles Total $28,043,655 28.507.222 239.182.209 15,536,912 1.040,678 55,478,782 160,551,420 ■24,'96'9',728 81,540,153 23,378,828 27,212,949 12,052,172 3,916,514 16,497,081 40,275,734 172,069,532 42,233,243 31,038,410 69,832,927 689.355.385 15,961,593 43,977,064 9,043,506 13,049,778 10,738,872 30,521,791 28,595,504 $1,914,701,642 $30,831,196 50,645,421 99,036,852 219.757.779 15.084.930 11,120.267 4,954,062 644.774 46,691.542 24,904,648 35,040,567 69,485,793 5,650.079 718,839 6.178,967 28,120,928 13,527,421 2,130,864 38,806,267 270,244,710 407,484 192,478 208,158 47,448 145,469 764,128 125,913 $975,466,984 Total foreign trade of Turkey with principal countries during the year 1913-1914: Country Imports Exports Country Imports EXPOBTS England Germany Austria Hungary Italy Spain Persia Switzerland United States... Belgium Bulgaria Russia Roumania Japan $373,106,731 171,451,796 336,728,559 160,545,918 2,239,380 30,401,048 8,523,647 28,515,271 73,467,194 88,125,943 123,102,860 47,060,706 1,023,968 $236,293,792 57,618,200 96,530,744 65,091,061 1,988,425 1,962,977 157,363 44.379.260 26.998,792 35,073,090 40,107,984 23,293,548 134.498 Serbia Netherlands. . . France Montenegro. . . Greece India Tunis Turkey in Asia. Egypt Other countries Total $20,358,131 36,623,258 172,911.422 210.854 11.005.758 85,212.562 808.925 93,393 51.211.612 49.644,249 1,872,463,185 $13,372,723 14.691.443 193,750.933 2.220.972 16.807.423 11.203.462 358.668 523,338 69,710,805 19,237,590 1,171,507,091 Production and Industry Agriculture is the principal industry, and the soil is, in general, very fertile, but the agricultural methods used are most primitive. The principal products are tobacco, cereals, figs, cotton, nuts, grapes, olives and fruits, coffee, opium, gums, and madder. In Asiatic Turkey there were in 1913, 16,567,775 acres under cultivation, of which 13,689,474 were under cereals, 473,085 acres were under fruit and vegetables, 1,213,530 acres were under vines and 779,982 acres were under cotton, flax and other plants. Coffee is cultivated in the region of Hodieda, opium in Konia, tobacco in both European and Asiatic Turkey. Flour milling is carried on in Smyrna and the methods are being improved. There are about 21,000,000 acres of forest land, principally pine, oak, larch, fir and cedar, of which about 3,500,000 acres are in European Turkey. Mulberry planta- tions are extensively cultivated. I \* !i 398 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Asiatic Turkey is rich in minerals which have not been developed. There are chrome mines near Mersrna, silver mines in Konia, zinc mines at Karasu and in Aidin, manganese m Koma aiid at Aidin, copper at Tereboli, near Trebizond, and at Arghana Maden. near JJiarbekr; borax, emery, and asphalt are also mined; coal and Ugnite are mined at Heraclea- petroleum m the Tigns valley, in Asia Minor, and on the north shore of the Sea of Marmora' Sm™/'°^''r!^ "^ ^l"""''' ^'^'^ ^ ^^'^^ ^ ^^PP^ ^^ Ad^*' K«ld and silver nea; femyma and hthographic stone near Brussa. Fisheries are important but carried on in a primitive m^er sponges being the principal product of the Mediterranean, mother of pearl of the Red Sea and pearls of the Persian Gulf shores. Manufacturing industries are relatively unimportant and are confined to woolen ^inmng (Panderma), and cotton weaving (Smyrna) mills. Carpets and rugs are the pnncipal manufactures largely carried on by hand looms in small establishments. Railways: IB A^atJf Turkey ""'"^ ^'^^ °^^ ""^ '*"''*^ ''^'' ^ European Turkey and 2,865 miles Post Offices, Telegraphs, etc.: There are 1,814 post offices and 1,017 telegraph offices. Length of telegraph lines appro^ately 29,000 miles; of wire, 49,000 miles. There ^re electric tramwf y sys^m" in Constantmople, Smyrna, Damascus and Beyrouth. Money, Weights and Measures: The unit of currency is the Turkish pound (£ T.) with a par value of $4.40 U S cZZ*2 I I'nT"^ is divided into 100 piastres, each of which equals 40 para. Sil've; The principal weights and measures are: T^e Oke— 2.198 pounds avoirdupois £^1"— 124.08 pounds ., 5»leh— about 1 bushel ,. fndaze (cloth measure)— 25.25 inches ^ Arsbin (land measure) — 30 inches I^onum (land measure)— 1 ,098 square yards The metric system is exclusively used in foreign trade. Language: Shipping routes: Cunard Line. A. H. Bull & Co. Independent S. S. Corp. American-Mediteeranean-Levant Line. Customs tariflf: exceJttTdl'!? "f "™ ^- ^"«*o°^ duties of 11 per cent are levied upon all articles i^vTa^^™ 7"^''^^ ":f P'''^^"' '*^"^ ^^ agricultural implements. Gold and sflver artid3s aw taxed at specie rates. Agricultural implement* are admitted duty free. TURKEY 399 Consular regulations: No consular documents are required. A "certificate of origin" in French must be certified by the Turkish consul at the port of shipment; charge $2.00. Cable rates: Turkey in Europe, $0.36 per word, Turkey in Asia, $0.45, from New York York or New England states. Postal rates: Postal Union rates. Mail may be registered. Mail time: Eleven days. Parcels Post: r. • • Service extends to Syria and Palestine with same conditions as given for Great Bntam. Limit of weight, 11 pounds. Postage rates for Syria: one pound, 68 cents; two pounds, 80 cents; three pounds, 92 cents; four pounds, $1.20; five pounds, $1.32; six pounds, $1.42; seven pounds, $1.56; eight pounds, $1.84; nine pounds, $1.98; ten pounds, $2.08; eleven pounds, $2.20. The rates for Palestine are: one pound, $0.58; two pounds, $0.70; three pounds', $0.82; four pounds, $1.10; five pounds, $1.22; six pounds, $1.32; seven pounds; $1.46; eight pounds, $1.74; nine pounds, $1.86; ten pounds, $1.98; eleven pounds, $2.10. Money orders: Issued for Syria. International reply coupons: Not issued. - w 1 • ; !■ ... 400 I EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS I ■' I 1 i i ^^^^^^^1 TK n^f^ KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND U„H . ^ w^ Kingdom consists of the two British Islands comprising England Scot- bnd and Wa^es, and Ireland, together with numerous adjacent blan^ Sm tht Channel and Jersey Islands and the Isles of Man and Wight mcluding the In th?fi»y,l"'*"' ^'"5^°'",'"^ "•'"'y^ been t^e largest export market of the United States. UNITED KINGDOM 401 By reason of the fact that the United I^gdom is a free-trade country, it is an especially important market for American manufactured goods, and in this respect also, although itself an exporter of manufactured products, the United Kingdom is our largest smgle customer. The per capita foreign trade of the United Kingdom in 1919 was $273.64, as compared with $148.18 in 1913. The per capita imports in 1919 amounted to $172.13, as compared with $81.16 in 1913. The per capita exports in 1919 amounted to $101.51, as compared with $67 02 in 1913. The share of the United States in the import trade of Great Britain in 1918 amounted to 23 per cent. The share of the United States in the export trade of Great Britain amounted to 4.6 per cent. Area and Population. Area in square miles of the great divisions of the United Kingdom: DivisioDS Sq. Miles Divisions EDgland . Wales. , . Scotland , Ireland. . 50,874 7.466 30,405 32,586 Population of the United Kingdom in detail: England Counties Population Counties Bedford Berks Bucks Cambridge . Chester . . . . Cornwall . . . Cumberland Derby Devon Dorset Durham... . Essex Gloucester. . Hants Hereford . . . Hertford. . . Huntingdon Kent Lancaster. . Leicester . . . Lincoln London . . . , 197,660 303.428 193,951 215,122 895,410 325,315 265,780 547,768 701.981 220,502 1,377,176 1,329,466 672,581 915,503 113,088 2S6,998 48,105 1,019.870 4,825.739 481,115 557. .543 4,522,961 Middlesex Monmouth Norfolk Northampton . . . Northumberland . Nottingham .... Oxford Rutland Salop Somerset Stafford Suffolk Surrey Sussex Warwick Westmoreland . . Wiltshire Worcester York Wales Counties Population Counties Anglesey . . . Brecon Cardigan . . . Carmarthen Carnarvon . , Denbigh Flint 35,268 56,380 80,768 151.077 141,776 136,819 69.737 Sq. Miles Isle of Man. . . . Channel Islands Total 227 75 121.633 Population 1,144.758 414.730 488,6,30 363,892 697,014 716,517 198.499 21,168 266.054 491,320 1,359,718 382,748 666,876 919,977 1.024,198 63.575 279.391 .562,383 3,969.151 Total 34,047.659 Population Glamorgan . . Merioneth. . . Montgomery Pembroke . . , Radnor Total . . 1,130.818 60,292 62,202 84,869 17,504 2,027,610 402 P! EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS UNITED KINGDOM 403 Scotland Counties Population Counties Aberdeen on n^n Argyll ...!!.;!.:; ; 311.300 Ayr Banff .'.'!!.' .".!.* .■.■.* Berwick Bute Caithness !!.'..!."."!! Clackmannan Dumbarton Dumfries Edinburgh ........' Elgin or Moray . . Fife .......■.'.■.■.■;.■.■ Forfar . Haddington Invemes.s Kincardine 70.901 268.332 61,402 29,643 18,186 32,008 31,121 139.831 72.824 507.662 43.427 267.794 281.415 43,253 87,270 41,007 Population Kinross Kirkcudbright Lanark Linlithgow Nairn Orkney Peebles Perth Renfrew Ross and Cromarty. Roxburg Selkirk Shetland Stirling Sutherland Wigtown Total . 7,528 38,363 1.447,113 79,456 9,319 25.896 15.258 124,339 314.594 77.353 47.192 24.600 27.911 161.003 20.180 31.990 4,759.521 Ireland Counties Population Counties Leinster Carlow Dublin Kildare Kilkenny King's Longford Louth Meath [[[ Queen's * Westmeath Wexford T^cklow -,, Munster Clare Cork A Co Boro .... Kerry Limerick Tipperary Waterford n Population 36.151 476.909 66.498 74.821 56,769 43.794 63.402 64.920 54.362 59.812 102.287 60.603 104.064 391.190 159.268 142.846 151.951 83,766 Ulster Antrim & Belfast Co. Boro i^rmagh Ca^*n-; Donegal Down Fermanagh Londonderry * ." ' Monaghan Tyrone \[[] Connaught Galway I^itrim '.'.... Mayo Roscommon ... siigo ; Total . 478,603 119,625 91.071 168.420 304.589 61.811 140,621 71.395 42,437 181.686 63.557 191.969 93.904 78.850 4,381,951 Isle of Mav and Channel Isla NDS Islands Population (1911) Isle of Man Jersey Guernsey, Henn, and Jethou. Aldemey Sark, Brechou, and Lihou . . Population of principal cities of the United Kingdom Area (acres) 145.325 28.717 16.018 1,962 1.386 City Population City Greater London . Birmingham . . . . Glasgow Liverpool Manchester Sheffield Leeds Dublin Belfast Population 7.251.358 840.202 784.496 746,421 714.333 459.916 445.550 403.030 399.000 Bri.stol Edinburgh. . Bradford . . . Kingston . . , Newcastle. . Nottingham Dundee. . . . Aberdeen ... Norwich . , . , 357.000 320.318 288.458 277,991 266.603 259.904 165.004 163.891 121.478 Commerce. Eleven year table of the total foreign trade of the United States with the United Kingdom: Year ended June 30 7909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 EXPOBTS Domestic Foreign Total Imports Free Dutiable Total Per cent free Excess of exports (♦) or imports (-) $509,676,577 496.077,726 567,813,119 558.964,832 592,462,348 590,387,927 901,963.649 1.520.930.517 2,041.165.774 1,989,812,491 $$4,950,788 9,475,145 8,800,855 5,407,354 4,686,711 3.883.936 9,831,305 5.754,585 5,646,904 6,050,806 $514,627,365 505,552.871 576.613,974 564.372,186 697.149.059 594,271,863 911.794.954 1,526.685,102 2,046.812.678 1.995.863,297 4.634.816.814 $74,070,752 116.533.119 122.726.434 137,132,816 152,532,996 161.488,084 142.687.565 181.674.395 170,704.005 79,948,478 $134,542,006 154.496,653 138,562.672 135.807,884 143.031,944 132.173.220 113.664,110 126.768.828 136.970,848 110,133,978 $208,612,758 271.029,772 261.289.106 272.940,700 295.564,940 293.661,304 256.351,675 308,443,323 307,674,853 190,082.456 372.953.593 35.51 43.00 46.97 50.24 51.61 54.99 55.66 58.90 55.48 6.27 + $306,014,607 234.523.099 315,324.868 291,431,486 301.584,119 300,610.559 655.443.279 ♦1.218.241.779 ♦1.739.137,825 ♦1,805,780.841 ♦4.261.863.221 Value of imports and exports of the United Kingdom for seven years: Year Imports British Exports British Foreign and Colonial Total Total Merchan- dise Trade 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919 • • • • ' $3,741,047,608 3,390,174,777 4,145,738,988 4,615,906,844 5,178,757,405 6,420,561,252 7.933,398,977 $2,556,106,199 2,096,105,484 1,872,962,302 2,463,810,193 2,565.033383 2,425,819,171 3.880,094,169 $533,246,917 464,625.029 482,086.104 474,805.806 339,085,364 160,647.515 797.605.906 $3,089,353,116 2,560,730,513 2,355,048,406 2,938,615,999 2,904.118,947 2,676,466,686 4.678.700.076 $6,830,400,724 5,960.905.290 6,500,787,394 7,654.522,843 8.082,876.352 8,997,027.938 12,612.100.053 Comparative values of imports by principal countries of origin, January to June 1918 and 1919:^ ' January-June — Imported from — 1918 1919 Foreign Countries Russia Sweden Norway Denmark Germany _. . . German West Africa German East Africa Netherlands Java Belgium Belgian Kongo France Rwitierland Portugal Spain Canary Islands Italy Greece Turkey: European Asiatic Tunis Persia China Japan United States Philippines and Guam Cuba Mexico Costa Rica Panama Veneiuela Ecuador Note: (a) Prise Goods. $9,144,069 54.728.562 66.951,132 9.475.338 (a)6.448 1,150,489 26.704,851 25,276,406 556,903 4.019.223 81.472.802 40.122.069 23.298.184 70,421,739 38.632.331 5,078,587 9,733 2.250,985 8.464,493 848.275 25.082.418 57.324,158 1.241.218.378 13,644,552 36,732,021 11,402,891 1,676,096 32,085 1,478,725 220,6131 $8,833,301 61.197,586 41,182.747 10,314,790 45.482 2,781,760 1.418.011 24.904.849 41.099 719 3,670,879 2.600,740 96.736.231 24,161.526 30.573.431 84.183.145 8.617.296 32.720.268 20.173.521 Foreign Countries — Con. Peru v^niie .••••.•..•••••"■• Brazil Uruguay Bolivia Argentina British Possessions 2.530.400 8.667,373 4,617,6.52 3,036,969 41,561,764 63.954,039 1,214,858.947 7,494,512 44,870.429 16,980,425 3,298,256 525,694 3,327,309 3.978.398 Egypt West Africa: Gold Coast Nigeria South Africa: Cape Natal East Africa: East Africa Protector- ate Ny asaland Anglo-Egyptian Sudan . . Mauritius British India Straits Settlements. . . . Federated Malay States Ceylon Hongkong Australia New Zealand Canada British West Indies British Guinea Falkland Islands $17,399,441 43.759,349 19.282.338 18,213,085 8,348.150 128,122,790 174,946,772 2.231,937 28,260,753 19,261,573 10,825,639 3.806.411 1.344,487 2,312,575 13.977.629 214.377,126 25,603,005 5.808,070 29.381,800 4.828,911 160,998,006 83,710,798 216,878,755 12.936,286 4.361.143 4.913.077 $17,561,152 17.232,753 29.894,082 27.136.470 10,492.544 161.057.557 116.067,699 15.515.288 33.695.773 38,185.275 18,576.803 4.312.191 2.532,184 2.589.849 22,080.396 222.086.294 44.628.545 18.352,379 43,539.524 4,812.214 263.632.398 116.740.371 234.776.000 27,500,421 6.496.023 4.673.465 (i U 404 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS, UNITED KINGDOM 405 ;!B:i IP i!^!^5^ ilr^TioL'""""'' "^"-^ '' ^'^°«'^' --'- Of ■'- Exported to — January-June — 1918 1919 Foreign Countries Exported to— Russia Sweden . . . . .' Norway ....;;;.' .' .' .' Denmark Oermany Gernaan wVstAfriiii Netherlands Java !..'.'.'."' Belgium Belgian Kongo ...... France. , . French WestAfrick*. '. . ISr/af"^ I 1?'§W.178 o o~" • Spain Canary Islands..,.' " Italy • Greece Turkey: European Asiatic '.!!!*" Tunis Persia China .".'.'.'.*.''" Japan United States .' ." ." ,' .' .* * * ' Philippines and Guam Cuba Mexico !!!!!!!' Colombia. ....*.'!!!.'.'* Panama ..'.'..*'' Venezuela . S530,629 4.755,038 8,177.618 4,767,691 34,728,171 13,993,504 220,837 3.045,098 304.509,704 9.312,121 2,694,178 8,323,890 9,970,895 39,555 69,524,352 3.172,812 January-Ju (a) 1.863,305 (a)2.954.287 5,509,253 2,637.628 38,381,706 14,531.520 63,700,845 1.554,895 5,116,015 2,136,720 2,603,514 534,367 2,115.901 $12,819,120 43,652,023 53,868,247 79.529,769 16,662,851 1,204,220 57,145,567 14,052,092 92,692,065 3,666,786 365,279,821 10.580.063 35.191.759 13,645.948 24.114,792 2.451.811 56.991.985 12.763,447 Foreign Countries— Con. Ecuador Peru Chile... Braiil Uruguay ooUvia Argentina British Possessions (a) 16,596,619 (a) 13,010.962 5,651,754 2,836,517 34.723,057 24,259,600 51,619,136 1.093.196 4,057,060 3.038,015 2.618.571 351,928 2,134,948 Hote: Egypt.... West Africa: Gold Coast Nigeria South Africa: Cape Natal Transvaal East Africa Protectorate Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Mauritius British India.... i Straits Settlementa Federated Malay States! Ceylon Hongkong Australia ....'.'...,'' New Zealand. .. Canada .... British West Indies!.'.'; British Guinea (a) Exported to territory formeriy Turkish but 1918 988,853 3.922,165 16,989,862 20,296,198 7,054,245 2,432.973 36.435,004 63,651,139 3,747.560 12.990.966 19,922.804 11,690,452 15.922.390 3.926.784 496,072 1.512,197 137,195,020 15,998,872 1.856,979 5,349,174 11,826.748 51.284.048 16.016.206 32.008.430 3.934.371 1,376,540 ne — 1919 687,233 4,004,784 13,858,970 22,924.203 7.598.806 • 1.715,870 44.724.400 36.461,283 6,682.668 14,448,877 22,115.035 12.047.084 12.731.119 2,404.399 1.166,116 2,071,316 132.019,103 12,704,183 2,814,545 5,407,684 7.044.269 67.761,127 22.701,395 30.515,529 3.879.963 1,678,626 now occupied by other powers. JuneTms'^d msr""" °' """'^'^ "' P™'""^ '^"^^ of "-tmatioa January to Foreign Countries Russia Sweden Norway Denmark. . . . Germany. . . . Netherlands . Belgium France Switzerland . . Portugal Spain .... Italy ;; Japan United States! .Brazil Argentina. . . 145,385 221,095 309,047 38,377 1,406,326 3,640 36,452,562 1.483,533 736,185 709,779 10,458,683 2,056,335 13.171.270 270.641 356,534 $5,552,676 9.631,874 4.003,407 17.738.874 7.741,964 54.304.344 26.394.986 66.210.397 1,892.037 2.276.408 3,713,602 11.072,207 3.097,941 36,594,844 570,602 361,493 British Possessions Channel Islands. Egypt West Africa: Gold Coast . . . Nigeria South Africa: Cape Natal Transvaal .... British India Hongkong Australia. ...!!! New Zealand. ... Canada $1,062,162 451,889 236,220 292,263 716,363 350,534 443.002 1.065,355 112.523 3.732,246 648.271 1.761,289 $1,673,993 632.974 995,034 890,127 555,073 247,685 368,063 1.603,578 490.626 2,967,465 697,815 2.602.870 Value of imports and exports by principal countries of origin and destination for the years 1917 and 1918: Countries Imports Argentina Belgium Belgian Kongo Bolivia Brazil Chile China (excluding British) Costa Rica Cuba Denmark France Algeria Madagascar Greece Italy Japan Mexico Morocco Netherlands Java Dutch Borneo .... Norway Persia Peru Portugal Portuguese East Africa Russia Siam Spain Sweden Switzerland Tunis United States Philippines and Guam Porto Rico Uruguay Venezuela Anglo-Egyptian Su- dan Australia British Guiana. . . , British India Canada Channel Islands . . . Ceylon East African Protec- torate Egypt Falkland Islands.., Federated Malay States Hongkong Mauritius New Zealand N vasaland Rhodesia South Africa: Cape , Natal Straits Settlements West Africa: Gold Coast Nigeria West India Islands. . 1917 1918 Countries 1917 $235,663,903 1,618,705 15.374,884 11.595.648 48,593,146 64,347,875 41,352,383 4,446,171 86,480,806 86,343,492 111,289,730 14,203.265 4.847,292 4,662,655 60,598,563 74,449,362 11,272,357 1,745.049 95,857,979 65,263.035 8,058.661 89.410.224 2.788.436 22.740.897 18.766,494 3.863.675 87.290.050 6.274,919 107.868.411 72.708.960 65,038.173 7.443.307 1.831.407.414 18.621,636 719,415 26,549.283 1,047,928 4,439,328 312,863,650 9,035,840 325,260,207 410.658,658 14.197.736 49.685,299 5,096.700 168.081,814 5,466,882 33,989,344 7.088.203 9.304.417 141.559,137 877.902 3.131.471 30.712.297 22,784,603 78,076.340 12,932,860 45,317.203 30,260,417 $307,153,284 973,485 7,607,663 18,053,630 43,069,810 94,091,081 47,243,379 1,680,140 108,668,220 21,752,744 170,623,426 10,834,436 6,978,274 11,640,663 89,605,701 116,227,203 24,941,465 2.969.441 37.434.310 28.049,041 11,932,434 116,643,880 1,035,470 38,961,603 48,964,467 10,198,544 32,749,924 272,884 149,387,669 108,885,636 63,724.467 14,540,980 2,611,013,536 29,597,712 61,152 31,835,996 2,070,803 6,152,404 222,377,856 12,084,046 432,629,597 605,725,512 18,100,772 59,178,883 8,642,101 263,513,729 14,886,906 10,431,377 7,034.789 17,654,729 120,749,403 3,397,343 4,618,066 30,249,335 17,769,621 62.594.319 11,126.211 66.337.398 39,453,445 Exports Argentina Belgium Belgian Kongo Brazil Chile China (not British).. Colombia Cuba Denmark France Algeria West Africa Greece Italy Japan Mexico Morocco Netherlands Java Norway Persia Peru Portugal East Africa Russia Siam Spain Sweden Switzerland Tunis Turkey Asiatic United States Philippines and Guam Uruguay Venezuela Anglo-Egyptian Su- dan Australia British Guiana British India British West Indies, Canada Ceylon Channel Islands .... East African Protec- torate Egypt Federated Malay States Gibraltar Hongkong Malta Mauritius New Zealand South Africa: Cape Natal Transvaal Straits Settlements West Africa Sierra Leone ... Gold Coast Nigeria $62,673,366 1,145.564 7,358.839 34.969.895 22.572.584 51.703,443 7.195.982 9,794.644 33.565.603 643,449.842 11.341,534 14.793,956 888,725 133.654,364 26.868.019 4,462.829 9,795,481 101,205,802 29,426,465 41,137,600 4,534.711 7.273,125 15,244.452 4.258.606 237.178.377 6.072.901 23.261.437 14.960.137 31.364.661 9,188.969 3.444.256 161,759,720 2,398,192 11,080.510 4.592,969 1,803,700 107.622.192 3.719.086 291.821.488 9.993.436 78.849,364 10.223,417 7,873.839 5.270.376 71.990,513 3,605,123 10,627,482 15,078,943 16,643,839 2,646.544 34,246,232 40,840,364 21,143,541 29,429,730 23,798,489 5,358.211 8,432,05 20.192.831 1918 $85.&S3.368 370.526 6,545,370 43,001,299 31,066.242 57.580,316 5.672,709 9.554.064 16.444.658 623.172.961 18.881.436 18.826.076 5.098.997 142.443.195 29.271.117 5.326,263 15.760.691 72.929.500 28.375,301 26,459,321 6,214,048 7,446.202 18,246,292 4,981,525 1,452,339 7,876,357 18,829,880 12,791,138 41,997,467 11,885,346 6,309,359 111,656,519 2,734,253 15,335,386 4,988,849 901,678 127,586.447 3,357,043 339,303,237 8,251,055 69,494,588 9,561.364 8,947,858 6,685,768 108,205,869 3,472.486 14.363.440 18.226.838 13.380,880 2,493,926 37,502,670 49,887.888 24,720,092 33,806.262 29.878.641 6,984,038 6.a32.023 23,629.592 406 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Value of foreign and colonial exports by articles in 1913, 1917 and 1918: Articles 1013 1017 1018 Exports (Foreign and Colonial) Food, drink, and tobacco: Grain and flour Meat, including animals for food Other food and drink: Non-duitable Duitable Tobacco $8,057,897 10,365,849 27,399,125 30,472,592 1,289,029 $4,504,432 2,007,903 15,638,230 12,898,916 1,152,202 » 1.728,532 7.788,142 5,293,998 4,546,932 254,523 Total 77,584,492 36,201,683 19,612.127 Raw materials and articles mainlv manufactured: 1 Coal, coke, and manufactured fuel X, Iron ore, scrap iron, and steel Other metallic ores 15,252 45,010 2,741,898 4,053,804 44,493,991 66,059,282 25,690,711 27,591,386 40,931,475 1.449,813 98,567.171 5,523 2,970,054 923,759 37,389.329 17.517,444 14,895,198 24,063,056 18,460,557 10,774 04,845,525 '3,3'70,864 Wood and timber Cotton Wool Other textile materials Oilseeds, nuts, oils, fats, and gums Hides and undressed skins Paper-making materials Miscellaneous 362,418 114,606 11,727,321 9,891,249 4,690.214 9,902,855 36.056 29,716,562 Total 311,639.793 211,081,219 69.712,145 Articles wholly or mainly manufactured: Iron and steel, and manufactures of 1,560,185 40,430,639 7,497,228 1.162.694 6,358,150 25,943 2,865,965 10,890,487 6,241,549 8,605,320 11,569.121 4.096,688 7,985,630 11,657,107 054.141 1.342,818 4,582.900 15,529,031 2,451,923 23,467,553 2,362,569 941,799 1,757,171 5,564,565 8,131,926 2.480.061 263,940 1,081,862 Other metals, and manufactures of Cutlery, hardware, implements (except machine tools), and instruments Electrical goods and apparatus (other than machinery and insulated wire) Machinery Ships (new) Manufactures of wood and timber (including furniture) Yams and textile fabrics — Cotton 1,018,252 3,937,417 1,019,420 7,892,480 8,293,796 726,700 16,120,495 8,166,712 335,808 383,816 2,603,524 9,982.067 412,363 3,528.762 1,252,194 7,628,784 3,392,393 342,027 14,053,795 571.668 220,195 167,602 494,076 11,658,844 Wool Silk Other materials Apparel Chemicals, drugs, dyes, and colors Leather, and manufactures of (including gloves but excluding boots and shoes) Earthenware and glass Paper Railway carriages and trucks (not of iron), motor cars, cycles, carts, etc Misoellaneous. ; Total : 143.355.506 91,461,502 61.245.057 Miscellaneous and unclassified (including parcel post) 667,037 340.957 78,185 Total exports (foreign and oolonial) 533,246,918 339,085,361 150.647.514 UNITED KINGDOM 407 ,-iPCO eo>-iO t«^t*ob fi >-iaO«OOS »C "-t '^ C^ CO t:; ec^oocftPO St- Hi oot^e»(N'«i'cooo:a'03-^3^'jQOh-rrQO fl P « S O CO P O CD b-,OS CO •^.C^.N 00 CO ":r»oci''^"co(Nt>£;£eo^Mt2SS ooco CO oc •^ CO OS W3 - t- p ,^P iH «oc< o ta ^ a ,-j^c>_peo_^< _ Cs|iO*^*^P^ CONO^t-ti O t>. 00 CO c< "ft •^ C0-H«5t- OOCO 00 ^ CO CO lOtCco coo® to a ao>op (^.-tCO t-OON lONOO PC4>0 oTeor^ ttiCieo to C4 to 04 O .-iMt-1 CD to CO O0P^(N SeoS 00_CDCO ei"-Hoo <-iiOO» COPC4COO0( MOC«'-'C0< 5C*Oi >050 0> t^ 0> CO W CO 04 "rHCO* PtO ClMiO^:^ C0CO9C4C0 .--* iOt» ooo-^ t-eop 10 050 OOO-* O0r-«t>; '•^ao»-< WCOtO ,-4lOC4 POCMOINCOl^P ocDij>t>-c^cpco»0 00 (N O ■* P O to to CD oT CO O P <-• C>< CO CO to rCOtOO'-ieO'J't^'^ ^, . 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CO toofr^ C0 04C0 S S * •- .S aXf ^"Si oJ 3 0-3 »j 03 S .X OJ'O OD *J^ 6:211 S^ a V (3 o a a .C3 .a ID 3 eS a o. flt OS a> OD O-i 0) gg ill a "2 Sjg 9 9 o a a •T3 s « 09 o OB ■ ' 0) 0) fe « o fl a . §3,5 « 5-3 m5 :3 i1 ■1 • « ;l I OB > .2 ■ M • 9 c1 0-.2. is aili - - a * et > &; OB 9 "0 ot S c.a o.£5 a® 08 St cua «"" 08 s o >t o s CS o h* o •*» o a 'a o o3 o a s «S a I e CC •w4 s a 9 a 9* - I a a 8 OB ^ _ 9 vac ■ ct ■'^^ a &1 «•! s ^ 408 00 00 QQ a o -♦a 03 o «3 o S 00 QQ C o o '3 ro 1-1 a H •J EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS UNITED KINGDOM •cosmos NWXOS t^ 1— »0 C5 00 ct cc^^o WW 'I' •♦00 woe MS W 1! O !>• t* CO <0 . ^ JO -J oc »o c« -^ -_Oi^t>»c»; © 00 ©CO «oec 0( pec 00 5MM »00« 00 OH C4 r»c 00 OOCWN »COC fCV •^05 — i»*Or>rMoo* r-iOOO »ococo WCCOO 50 o" CO "g2 toro 00*00 X »0 fC iC ) ■^•0-10 cor* ic <^ 05 »C Q •-" XXohX i-< CO X05 «•* ec>?5oo<-> "<" CO CO 00 ♦ »hO5 00 §»20oci«o Ne5 0t>."x"i^" ♦ oce^iooco Or>^os'cCX 00 CO coc3 coeo OCOiO 1-1 e<5C.os X'COKJ xcoa CO OH XCO'^iO OCOt^CO cocq^^ efx'co'cp S^ooo O5XC0 OS COX OSON X*M*iO CON<-i ♦ CO CO ♦ X X a> OS S o t>. OS CO «t^NNt^NO'.a^,H 'OQC-Hcoci'-** tp-Nonr^OOCO OS n" CO s M5 Articles Food, Drink, and Tobacco x^x asxi» tq^coco CO 05 CO 0:C0c0 qq to ax*N* CO o OS ctx ^CO os'os* efoc)' NoH Xt^OS oH oH 1— I ♦ CO CO COOSIC «ON^ CO XX 1^11 ®rj«£22gOO»oc2eo»ooseoo » qoco OH t.^ob CON. t^ rSt, Jo §2 S 2 r' * ® * "^ c^'aToc'co'co t^os^ost-^ost^cic^ coe^o»fl coc« li 00 «Ng'Vco"oi'«oco*t>r X N. CO CO* CO (C OS IC t>> CS — fOCS O-NC0_^OH eS® co^ "sco'x'o* •-"OS tCcgcOTTX M qo5_«o 1— oco coco'co'ic'o® «^r?r>-Ct^os oix c^ 0'»r CO CO OS OH o ^^ 00 CO* 00 OS X r- CO t^' iCiCO ^»ti cc u; CO — r^x t-xt^ co' q »c x«ct* ">*0»0 00* CO*-** 8»CM5 OSC4 OSo-CS oh" coco" -H«OOS qx>c c««o*o* co^t» Sfc!29£0^®•-''*^-^•oscoM^oc^^os«ft^-" R'i.^.lR'^^.'C — o CO X X •* ub ♦ W3C1 ^ § !2 S 2 52 2 2;"JP ."S'S * 2 «*«c^"^- . CO i--x_^'-. h. ,-1 CO .wqoHt^os S £2 OS* COO'* QMS cor«as M O CO s N* X M* •cpc^ CO^CO tS.OH«?5 NOiC 04 04 OH VXoH CCNOS «*q*u5* Sop _xq O OH OH 04iCt»< 04 CO OH 05 CO OS «C0 04 Mscoq iO l-^ OH oH 04P x_q ♦ i-T OS CO ♦ CO CO r' "~ ^^ ■"■ ~~ ""■ -- cOt^O( OJ-^X CiCOOS — .^OS 0'oh"o4^ •>*CO CO 04 !0JC0OO(NOC^Tt..Sx'* , ^. .. -, ^ OP ^ )OC4oHoHOt^O<'tl 2 ¥ 2 '^ ^ OS a< »o •^doi «0 *5»0 OH t^ '->O •ct^o. ooo; C4( qiqcq( CO CO ^ S«COS _CO_Tf« x'coo" OH 00 OH 8 Breadstuff 8 : Barley Maise Oats Oatmeal Rice Wheat • Wheat meal and flour Other Chicory Cocoa: Raw Preparations Coffee Confectionery Dairy Products: Butter vyheese ,.••••••••••••••••••• Milk, condensed: Sweetened Unsweetened ~ yolks and liquid and albumen . Sxx 04 CO OH as OS 04 05*0 «Cp04 COThO COohX r^*0*^* xr^p ♦,cq» t»*«ci>.* 04 0) OH ■♦r^oH §poi 2;t8 qu5^ io*«o>c tOcOiO o o o Mo< C'HoJ 3 « V JS C «) £=« ^ CS o « as.. — o QD ♦^ C^ -2 «* .O u a 3 a !S a ^^6 08 OD cA 3 S C 3 T3 08 OJS •s « a a 3 0«t;w ♦* - O 3t- a ■aSi-S ^ 08 a 0„ 08 S t; 08 <8 08 C u 08 a a 03 ■> 3 «j 08 08 a a 08 •T3 . 08 V 8 s 04 I •) ^ V „ V « u T3 O, « * c o >, .2 2^ 3- E 5 a a a • •H §8 si ? « oD H C es 08 O — «*^3'C oa 2 S« O 2J§S:tgi6^ 08 c a c M « 3 00 e > o 9 o a •O«o. . 3 ~ OS flj 4) C 5*. 2 o •S * 00 T3 ij C oS 08 > zi a O a a E i & a a I OS <^ >> . 08 «: T3 t I o Canned Fresh Other Frwt: Apples Bananas Dried: Currants Raisins Lirapes ...• Lemons Oranges Preserves and Jam Other Glucose Lard Lard, imitation Margarine Meat: Beef: Fresh and refrigerated . . Salted Mutton Pork: Bacon Ham Fresh and refrigerated. Salted Poultry and game Rabbits Other Molasses Nuts Oils refined: Cotton seed Olive Other Saccharine 1917 Value $43,642,066 99,208,055 56,245,771 18,806,730 36,864,307 411,251,359 89,891,831 79.404,296 391,028 17.372,660 4,670,117 9,332,730 1,397,586 91.956.958 94,713.721 19,648.275 11,116.755 24,659,539 7.104.598 29.321.704 7.688.223 10.110.465 5.462,091 6.078.745 2,902.507 4,592,604 2,823,135 2,886,063 12,694,499 8,304.473 1,944.322 8.906.269 43.517.971 1.189.173 37.853.024 116.938.734 1,069.608 50.650.250 201,517.633 35,820.399 3,803.316 573.352 3.798.975 3.425,413 80.722.582 14,689.871 5.953,340 3.600.436 999,326 518,448 844,693 409 1918 Value $26,405,687 67.792.121 55.860.967 23.565.199 46.529.414 258.741.031 172,890.603 70.191.948 1.238.033 14.907.798 1,777,976 3,540,413 2,505,313 98.429.425 77.426.215 43.898.419 17.012.155 22,491.158 13,647.053 65.528.216 10.749.948 10.070.093 4,399.228 3,352.386 7.298.363 4.731.610 8.909.559 9.490.999 29.167.397 7.019.581 296.394 6.107.998 102.992.314 900.483 7.629.538 177,252.238 475,997 45,190,071 439.978,951 63.386.635 3,337.694 377.207 1.423.709 5.917.825 109,854.347 9.541.343 10.163.242 9.260.925 2.930.606 573.906 4.300.473 Continued on page 4 10. i. ii it I J* i 410 I ' EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Table — Continued: Articles 1917 Value Food, Drink, and Tobacco (Ck)ncluded) Cinnamon g'^Ker te':: Spirits, Wines, etc.": Spirits, foreign Wines .... Sugar: Refined Tea^"^^"®"* •.'"•''.■.*.■.*.'.'.■.'.*:; Tobiiw: Manufactured Unmanufactured . . Vegetables: P«a"8 r\. ?oiXsV.:::: Tomatoes... : Other Yeast Another •••••••••••• • •••••••«««« • ••••••••••• •••••••••••• • ••••• I • • • • • I Total • • • ■ • • • • • • • « ' Sheei Oils: Cocoanut Fish Olive Palm Petroleum oeeo • • • ••••••••••» ••••••••«•« *••••• Raw Materials and Articles Mainly Unmanufactured Bristles Cotton, raw Feathers and down, ornamentkl Fibers : Flax ?«™P Piassava, etc., for brush making Other Gums: Kw. ;::::::::::::::::: Lac dye, seed lac. etc Guttapercha Hair, goats'. Hides and skins: Hides: zfiy ' •••••••••..•........... Wet Skins: Goat 8p: Wooled Rabwi""^"* •••••^^^^^^^ii:::::::::::::::::::: Seal, undres^:::: Other skins and fw Iron and steel, old Ivory, animal Fertilizers: Phosphate of lime and rock phosphate Other ^""opuatc Nuto and kernels for expr^Mi'ng' oiiuier^f^m .'. '. ; ::::::::::; $79,100 898.443 4.630,562 1.957.462 12,607,676 11.696.443 31,090.584 147,656,665 71,580,774 4,494,894 14.601,028 4,299,616 12,035.020 12,966,161 7,301,380 5,637,524 863,658 339,394 39,345,447 S2.212.850,863 $5,314,208 538,189,320 1,416,765 60,902,958 43,277,857 21,229,989 2,042.295 835,140 2,165,953 526,059 819,845 5,409,494 1,033,615 25,176,874 32,040,763 8.701,492 10,027,881 2,937,449 342,319 274.169 9,960.095 477,730 1,560.711 6.706,249 432,135 61.398.864 6.376.234 11.091.445 817,966 16,616.618 164,910,949 4,623,034 1018 Value $M3.380 1.705,614 4.762,707 3.153,181 14,761,277 37,391,724 3,844,579 163,637,902 145,184.231 11,240,194 77,638.426 3,123,329 26,306,820 18,413,804 5,291,467 10.110,699 470.975 18,648 77,863,320 $2,786,848,381 $4,293,552 731,368,308 1,062,303 19,013.868 68,479.855 44,226.587 2.731,484 2,243,296 3,772.696 24.294 4.252,956 9,604,203 676,210 20.886.239 37,165,023 3.607,235 13,995,713 37,039 283,148 190,382 15,539,601 119,171 1.244,447 9,479,879 622.824 61,699,872 19,759,430 19,710,838 1,187.742 19,152.091 311,797.375 2.020.376 Continued on page 411 UNITED KINGDOM rp^l^-^oniinued: Articles Raw Materials and Articles Mainly Unmanufactured (Concluded) Oil Seeds: Castor Cotton seed Flax or linseed Rapeeeed Soya bean Other Ores.Metallic: Copper Iron Manganese Pyrites of iron and copper Silver Tin Other Paper-making Materials: Esparto, etc Wood pulp: Chemical Mechanical Other Roein Rubber Seeds, clover and grass Sak: Raw Waste Stearin. Tallow, unrefined Turpentine Wood and Timber: Hewn • J- Sawn or split, planed or dressed Sleepers Staves ,••••■; Furniture, woods, hardwoods, and veneers . Wool: Alpaca, vicuna, and llama Camels' hair Mohair ■ Sheep's or lambs' wool Woo^n rags: Pullea Not pulled Wool waste All other Total. Apparel Baskets and basketware Boots and shoes Brooms and brushes Chemicals: Acetic acid Boracite, borate of lime, borax, etc . Brimstone Carbide of calcium Coal products, not dyes Cream of tartar Glycerine Saltpeter Soda compounds Tartaric acid Other • Chinaware, earthenware, and pottery . . Clocks, and parts of 1917 Value $6,234,351 19,476,254 26,464.660 7.206.046 2,432,340 3.983,381 3,474.671 68,593,662 11.451.750 11.378,004 4,317,690 22,925,760 21,048,333 3,833,045 33,347,312 12.981,880 249,233 12.001.441 116.077,257 3,542,364 6,358,642 3.729.214 821,047 8,811,090 3,020,865 24,952,594 87,012.713 868,135 2.398,333 9,573,982 2,516,910 1,472,773 1.382.904 240,913,732 177.476 5,210,479 65,819 46,679,996 $1,872,621,613 $1,893,000 506,521 3,810,454 439,382 3,250.306 1,569,865 1,411,504 2.072,394 2,518.078 1,651,092 838,702 4,092,868 1,864,346 1,011,736 48,717,023 155,261 416,604 411 1918 Value $12,440,482 31.549,933 39.731.074 8.088,162 "■i,0r72,435 4,657.202 65,263,089 16,533,715 13.235,513 3,079,161 25.035,388 23,383,698 l,734,601n 44.717,748 17,489,432 52,359 8.801.591 59.030.791 6,695.482 12,703,706 5.992.365 1.224,859 7,040.516 1.587.438 19.662.830 104.523,694 245.714 3.309.458 14.272.111 7.403,387 1.598,884 2.646.875 177,256.092 263,433 3,835,318 414 56.630,526 $2,233,037,523 $2,634,883 986,615 2,526.936 1.984,885 2,792.777 1,257.757 4,739,582 4,072,511 691,466 2.941.931 4.225.781 4.068.010 2.011.018 1.089.453 96,848,567 104.532 270.334 Continued on page 412 I H 412 Table — Continued: EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS UNITED KINGDOM 413 Articles Copper: ' ~ Regulus and precipitate ^ ^Unwrought and part wrought. '. Cotton Manufactures : Gloves Hosiery Piece goods .... JJ «»oie Yam Other :::. ■.■:::: Binder or reaper twine . Other Cutlery ..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.[[ Dextrine and farina. ...!!! Drugs and Medicines: Bark, Peruvian Quinine and quinine salts Other Dyestuffs: Cutch Extracts and dyeinc Indigo .... ru u Other Electrical goods and apparatus. . Embroidery and needlework. . . ! Fancy goods ' ' " Films, cinematograph .....'...". Glass: Bottles Flint, and manufactures of ... Window glass _ Other manufactures. ....[ Glue, sue. and gelatine ' . Hardware Hats and bonnets !!!!.! Implements and tools, and parts of Instruments and apparatus, scientific.'i^pirts Af Iron and Steel, and Manufactures of: Iron: Pig and puddled Other Steel: Ingots Bars, angles, and shai Blooms, billets, and si Other »_ J r-i. 1 Iron and Steel: Hoops and strips Nails, screws, rivets, bolts,' and nuts.' Rails Plates and sheets. ...... Tubes, pipes, and fittings! .' .* .* Wire TIT- 1 Wire rods Wire naib Other manufactures. '.'.... Jute, manufactures of Lead, pig and sheet Leather, and Manufactures of : Hides Skins: Goat . . Sheep.:::::: Other ; Leather, dressed: Box calf Glace kid Other :::::::::::: Leather, manufactures of: Belting, machinery Gloves .... Other Linen: Piece goods Yam ..:::::::::::::::: Other manufacture^^ .' BS.. slabs. 1917 Value 10.052.214 91.659.622 1.656,187 3,921,737 2.237.334 6,404.231 214.364 4.360,812 2.030.148 414.460 465.257 5.944.902 1.105.557 2.696.708 11.019.109 470.274 6,366.693 3,647,914 12.566.709 6,495,410 11.175.139 2.053.040 3.751.502 1.055.189 1.019.999 847.861 111.389 1.347.398 957.479 952.739 7.999.592 3,610.461 10.084,502 3.643.509 593.338 6.982.629 5.374.348 480.192 1.270.054 1.837.551 22.133 2.155,772 2.398,498 2.633,852 6,356,325 6,054.145 2.586,715 24.529.525 21.940.255 22.290.619 4.317.019 6,594.728 46,431 3,432.863 8,931.502 6,649,371 404.426 1.553.849 775.861 268.796 69.245 275.663 1918 Value 8.591.314 119,010,214 2,078,122 5.375.259 2.418.091 8.481.575 431.834 5.247,255 2,181,287 458,400 727,916 19,198,839 1.107,265 1.489.631 12,238.303 785.521 3,811,749 1,351.330 11.627.991 5.104.121 11.627.485 4.124.651 2,615,471 374,920 736.701 300.346 754 2.571,639 483,307 1.108.384 9,371,954 2.761.218 14.951.061 3.658.844 291.479 3.607.103 3,182.764 228,809 437.762 528.006 13.553 6.911.486 722.773 2.480.869 2.566.816 5.391.352 2.278.719 16.260.660 33.398.473 32.918.388 39.978 704,479 1,539.751 6,671,023 5,543,430 124.879 2,597.071 166.415 398.776 28.177 538.118 Continued on page 413. fable — Continued: Articles Machinery prime movers Electrical Other Machinery belting (other than leather) Matches Moldings • • Musical instruments, and parts of Oilseed cake ,. Painters' colors and pigments Paraffin wax Paper: Millboard, etc Packing and wrapping Printing and writing Printed Strawboard Otber Quicksilver Railway Carriages, Trucks, etc.: Aeroplanes, airships, balloons, and parts of. Carnages, wagonettes, etc., and parts of . . . Cycles (other than motor), and parts of . . . Motor cars, chassis, and parts of Motorcycles, and parts oi Silk: BrOAClStllnS .••••••••••••■•••*••••• Mixed materials: Broadstuffs Ribbons Ribbons Thrown Yam, spun All other, mixed or not Skins and furs, dressed Starch: juce ..••..••..■■...••••••••••••••••••* v./tner Straw braids Stones and slates Tanning Substances: Bark for tanning Extracts for tanning Gambier M yrobalans Sumac vaionia . . . . ,..•......•••.......•.••••• Other Tin, blocks, ingots, bars, and slabs Watches, and parts of Wood and timoer, manufactures of Toys and games Wool, and Manufactures of: Carpets and rugs • Hosiery Cloths Stuffs, flMmels, and delaines 1. am .••.•.•..........< Other Zinc, crude, and manufactures of All other Total, Miscellaneous and Unclassified Animals, living, horses . Parcel post All other Total Grand total. 1917 Value $S,135,703 7.238.544 27.759.514 115.629 192.105 173.676 883,060 17,705,028 8.382,079 12,199,420 1,403,401 8,045,098 6.799,2.50 180.260 2,504,097 1.455.191 2,429.162 1.991.878 206,700 623,676 33.189.788 516.462 23,726,874 16,612,270 5,787,514 6,282,535 303,553 1,527,794 1.336,331 2,845.530 106,946 282,963 8,240,790 5,601,264 2,551,005 1,770,953 9,064,581 1,684,456 3.112,433 361,318 369.586 46.295 30.163.750 7,050.001 6.454,157 1.262,536 380.930 186,655 172,517 164,527 89,962 230.813 22.164,065 324.198.159 1,063.646,066 6,715,960 15,712,011 7,210,892 29.638,863 $5,178,757,405 1918 Value $12,233,033 3.019.790 36,822.185 97.111 985.096 261.448 902.147 1.023.955 4.313.948 16,269.620 2.137.240 11.783,918 6,591,051 196.281 3,100,214 1,165.249 1.359.116 33.379.718 30.571 506.476 25,879.619 109.394 41.580.306 24.596.780 8,983.724 4.332.475 615.943 2.183.015 1.511.841 1.941.724 127.196 196.699 2.406.689 4.700,470 2,688,303 3.211.111 11.820.548 2.030.552 3.886.343 635.545 1.354.994 170.498 19.739.619 11.926.740 10.107.949 2.177.549 45.492 33.535 149.183 239.281 15.904 242.546 17.519.308 490.856.178 1.363.417.118 18.314.936 10.000.107 8.883.188 37.258.231 $6,420,561,253 ^' ^ 414 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Prodnctioii and Industry Distribution of population according to professions and occupations (age 10 years and upward. Census 1911): f»"uuo ^i^^ lu years Ensland and Wales England Males Females Total Government Defence Professional .'.".'.*, Domestic .'.'.'."!!! Commercial [[ Agriculture and Fishing . .'. . Industrial * " Unoccupied and unspecified Total 248,624 205,817 367,578 287,677 2.062,710 1.165.654 7,015.605 2.208,535 13.662.200 50,975 247.043 1,734.040 151.321 94.S22 2.452.533 10.026.379 14,857,113 299.599 205.817 714,621 2.121,717 2,214,031 1.280,476 9,468,138 12,234.914 28.519,318 Scotland Males Females Government and defence Professional Domestic •...!!!.!.!!!!!! Commercial and transport! Agricultural and fishing .' Industrial !!!!!! Total occupied, unoccupied and non-productive. Total Total 42.476 45,713 34,488 245,621 193.731 911.728 309.024 4.932 35.962 166,578 37,844 33,380 314.514 1,338.410 1.782,781 1.931.620 47.408 81.675 201.066 283,465 227,111 1.226.242 1,647,434 3,714,401 Ireland Males Females Total Professional class Domestic. . . " ......'.*!!]! Commercial ** .. i .'.!],'.* 1 1 Agricultural " ........." Industrial " Indefinite and nonproductive Total 103,603 25.H31 101.396 721.669 434.699 804.850 2.192.048 37.531 144,918 9,747 59,198 178,698 1.768,079 2,198,171 141,134 170,749 111.143 780.867 613,397 2.572.929 4.390.219 Agriculture: I! ."^T^^'tt"' "I't;"**^ ^^ "^^^ P"*"^"^ <=~P«' »°<1 faUo"' land, also number of Wock u. Umt^ Kmgdom, including Isle of Man and Channel Island^, duri^ 4 ^eL^ The total area is 77.721.439. acres. ^ ^ Crops 1913 1914 1915 Cultivated area ,^ Cereal Crops Wheat Barley Oats ^"*" ^y f^ Total 1916 46.740.904 1,791.569 1,932.321 3,983,448 63.556 275.626 165,121 46,763.816 8.211,641 1.905.993 1.873.280 3.889.074 66.890 301,488 169,938 8,216,663 46,675,407 2,335.091 1.524.316 4,182.296 60.040 273.016 130.307 8,505.066 46.687.512 2.053,068 1.653.376 4.171.353 65.971 242,803 113,474 8.300.545 UNITED KINGDOM 415 Crops 1913 1914 1915 1916 Green Crops potatoes •••••••,• Turnips and swedes Mangold Cabbage, kohl-rabi and rape . Vetches or tares Other crops Total . Other crops, grasses, etc. 1.184,857 1,770,079 501,033 189,045 114,710 225,010 3.984.734 Flax Hops Small fruit Barefallow. Clover and samfou. Ifor hay . . . . Grasses under rota- [not for hay. tion J Total. ermanent pasturel p^^^ hay ... . (exclusive of heath [j^^^ ^^^ ^ or mountam land; j 59.953 36.676 100.094 396.472 3.039.097 3,604,049 1,209,150 1,760,629 516.893 192.145 137,751 238,791 4.056,359 6,643.146 Total, 6.805.914 20,503,274 27,309,188 49,882 36.661 101.083 348.532 2.915.669 3.690.677 1,214,458 1,625,589 499,804 184,584 123,657 228,260 3,876,352 6,606.046 6.496.527 20.853.123 27.349.650 53.844 34.744 97.438 316.870 2,849,602 3,612.677 1,155,404 1,623,161 461,823 183,346 102.629 259.077 3.785.440 6.462.279 6.399.530 20.929,284 92.382 31.352 96.250 430.495 3.066.563 3.696.488 6,763.011 6,527.393 20.660.644 27.328,814 27,188,037 Livestock: Horses solely used for agriculture . . . . . Mares kept solely for breeding and broken norses Cattle Sheep Pigs un- 1,874.262 11,936.600 27.629.206 3.305.771 1.851.042 12,184.505 27.963.979 3.952.615 1.711,858 12.171.452 28,275,970 3.795.131 1.834.215 12.451,540 28.849.655 3.615.891 Acreage of cultivated land under principal crops and fallow land, and number of livestock in Great Britain during 4 years: Animals 1913 1914 1915 1916 Cultivated area 31,927.301 31,900.185 31.834.497 31.849,590 Cereal Crops Wheat 1,756,372 1,757.104 2.912.616 56.696 274.247 164,757 1.868.019 1.698.880 2.849.206 59.248 300,139 169,532 2.246.824 1.381.068 3.070.648 52.494 271.897 130.046 1,975.291 Barley . , 1.501.81O 3.075.263 59.218 241.697 113,274 Oats Rye ' Beans. Peas.....".!.!;;!!!! Total 6,921,792 6,945,024 7,152.977 6.966.558 Green Crops Potatoes Turnips and swedes Mangold CaKKiurfi trnhl-rAKi finH rnne 591.115 1.485.534 421.295 150,198 112.132 191,731 613.039 1,475,702 434,294 152.174 135.290 204,174 607.792 1.352.851 416.226 144.835 120.754 200.524 558.067 1.352.479 380,484 145,176 100,313 238,409 Vetches or tares Other crops Total 2.952.055 3.015.573 2.842.982 2.774,928 416 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Flax ^***' Crops, Grass, etc. Hops Small fruit. Bare fallow Clover and sainfoin Grasses under rota tion For hay Not for hay. . Total . Permanent 648 35,676 83,992 396.140 2,115,597 1.854,287 ermanent pasture) ^ , exclusive of heath fiT**! * ^v" • ' or mountain land I ^°* '°' "*y • Total, Horses used solely for agriculture. . Mares kept solely for breeding andun- _ broken horses. ... Cattle. Sheep. Pigs. . 3.969,884 5,226,803 12,340.311 17,567,114 629 36.661 84,629 347,965 1,963,161 1.900,009 3,863.170 701 34.744 81,241 316,613 1,928,172 1.898,179 4.942,113 12,664.331 1,324,404 6,963,854 23,931,412 2.233,855 17,606,444 3,826,351 4,806,294 12.772.594 928 31.352 80,356 430,081 2,182.798 1.887,841 4.070.639 Acreage of cultivated land under principal livestock in Ireland during 4 years: 12,966,188 7.092,918 24,285.514 2.634.249 17.578.888 1.212.756 7.288.087 24.598.375 2.579.084 4.985.211 12,509,537 17,494.748 1.292,626 7.442,155 25,006,987 2,314,331 crops and fallow land, and number of 1913 1914 1915 Cultivated Area. Wheat, Barley . Oats. . , Rye... Beans. . Peas. . , Cereal Crops 14,691,147 Total t> ^ , Green Crops Potatoes Turnips and roots Mangold Cabbage and rape . .... Vetches or tares ,," Other crops 34.004 172.948 1.048.813 6,273 1.264 211 14.742.766 14.719.668 1916 14.714.277 1,263.513 36,913 172,289 1.028,758 7.535 1.236 272 86,530 141,586 1.088,664 7,440 1.032 180 Total , Other Crops, Grass. Etc Hops..*".;.;;;;;;;;;;; Small fruits Bare fallow Clover and sainfoin and grasses under rotation .... 582.303 276,596 78,914 38.212 2.267 31,189 1,347.003 583.069 276.872 81.570 39,169 2.157 32.569 1,325,432 1.009,481 1,015.426 For hay Not for hay . Total Permanent pasture exclusive of heath or mountain land. For hay Not for hay . 59,305 "'15,734 ■ 909,748 1.720,349 49.253 1(5,096 939,741 1.759.589 594,467 265,122 82,728 39,009 2,635 25,680 76,438 150,063 1.071,593 6,611 998 148 1.305,851 1,009.641 586.308 262.814 80.434 37.282 2.121 18.497 987.456 2.630.097 Total , Livestock: Horses used solely for agriculture, mares^ kept solely for breeding and unbroken cattl?*^■;; ;;;;;;;;;■; ^ Sheep . . Pigs ; ; ; ; 1,572.074 8.140.493 9.712.567 2.699,330 1,547,772 8,167,912 53.143 " i'5",8«5" ••••••■••a 909.858 1.685.764 2.594,622 1.547,772 8.167,912 9.715,684 541,341 4.932.625 3,620.724 1,060,360 646.369 5,051.645 3,606.645 1,305,638 9.715.684 91.454 "15.567' 870,266 1,779,640 2,649,906 1.635.981 8,128.062 490.864 4,843.795 3,600.067 1.205.249 9,664.043 533.151 4,970,441 3.763.705 1.290.289 UNITED KINGDOM Agricultural produce of Great Britain and Ireland during 4 years: Great Britain Crope 1913 1914 1915 Cereal Crops Wheat . Barley Oats.. Beans. Peas. ■ Green Crops Potatoes ... • • • Turnips and swedes. Mangc^d Other Crops Hay from clover, sainfoin, etc . From permanent pasture Hope Bushels 55,401.144 57,948,520 111,043.648 7,540.808 3,379,024 Tons 3,865.458 20,124,526 7.647,615 3,397,386 6,601,993 1,985 Bushels 61,017,104 56,774,984 113,380.616 8,905,040 2,983.784 Tons 4,030,688 19.762,264 7,960,847 2,746,296 5,388,556 28,406 Bushels 70.677,280 41.248.480 122.176,776 7.352,136 2,397,048 Tons 3,830,177 19,340,049 7,889.650 2,830,732 4,521.279 14.258 Ireland Cereal Crope Wheat Barley Oats Beans Peas Green Crops Potatoes Turnips and swedes Mangold Other Crops Hay from clover, sainfoin, etc From permanent pasture .... Bushels 1,295,256 7,684,011 54,238,587 61.667 6.853 Tons 3,739.346 5.189,292 1,628,514 1,833,654 3.562,055 Bushels 1,415,221 7,750.440 51,927,683 55,587 8,519 Tons 3,445,770 4,433,391 1.562.074 1.464,628 2,803,999 Bushels 3,237,560 5,649,468 56,290,387 41,102 5.656 Tons 3.710,663 5,091,034 1,806.849 1,695,460 3,401,312 417 1916 Bushels 56.948.040 46,624.568 119,508.332 7.094,592 2,084,232 Tons 3,035.535 18,882.259 7,381,918 3,658,714 6,213.726 17.239 Bushels 2.827,033 6,275.833 51,162.025 45.983 4,486 Tons 2,433,346 4.435.911 1,627,834 1,828,655 3,496,777 Minerals and Metals: Quantity in tons of principal minerals produced in the United Kingdom in 1917: Coal Chalk Iron Ore OU-Shale Salt Sandstone Limestone Clay & Shale Tons 248.499,240 2,264.350 14,845,734 3,117.658 2,013,388 1.613.379 10,454,717 5,842,675 In 1916 there were 3,315 mines operating, employmg a total of 1,017,518 persons of whom 9,947 were females. During the same year there were 5,476 quarries operating, employing 48,196 persons. ^ "I 418 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS no £ csMh o E »o »4 a o u 3 73 s 0) 3 -a § oti 3 I m H K o s ID CQ o » h Q H a o s &i 3 < H H H O is < o e >M o B2o o O ti a c) •- o « ■(2 StJ 58 1-* ao a I IS ' o 'H .a .a ■*» gOfS 2 6^2 c8 •0»H MM 00 CO'** 00 «C dec^fosoc enrage coo _ooc5oo 'J go CO 00 1^ •-<<-» CO «o»c orooos*«oe>» 00 CO CO C4 CO gCIC»3i?5o coQoai-)(o ^OSOCOO •ceooc co^ ooeoco-Hcp [■♦CO coo •-•CO itti >t^ _ _ _ [CO or>^«cco«o CDOOCp »C«i5 NCO^»C CO OS OS Oi 0> OS I l-l ,-1 ,-1 ^4 ..H I o H s ,0 «•> u 3 O V 3 s 9 v^i-40 ^4 CO Oft CO CO GO'cgCo'lO-^' CO CI i^»HP5 J^oaooOec §coac<->cp c5»-ir>.« •CCOtCCI ooqSSoS 5l05CO ONOnToo* CO CO CD "O^ "j«cco*coV s; )3hCM oeeiN-'co'cj 250NCS <0«X ts.00 CO -^ CO CI CO ©•"•O^OCO '-'•O.-iOlOO ,»ocioor^ -<'" -T^os* t>. OS »C »C •-" OS^COCICIPO^^ os*t:t>.*«o'o* h-Oooc*r^ rs..-4iccQCi >0>Q©u5oo CDCOt^OO *c?pr>.'— ■ ci«cr^ C© - . PCO'^PO eoh-Vr^Tci •^P^cot^ •or^cor^o NCO'CiflCO ^H ^N ^-^ .iM .iH o Q OS OS a ^^ »^ i^ ^s r.t I UNITED KINGDOM 419 Quantity and value (provisional figures) of fish caught by British fishermen for 2 years: • 1917 Tons 1918 Tons England and Wales. Scotland Ireland U. K. (excluding Shell-fish) . England and Wales Scotland Ireland U K. (excluding Shell-fish) U. K. shell-fish 202.581 153,988 28,547 385,116 $44,476,950 17,714,772 2,757,447 64,949,169 1,995,778 234,050 165,463 31,838 431,351 $68,758,356 29,119,141 4,277,757 102,155.254 2,639.378 In 1915 a total of 23,556 boats were engaged in fishing, of which 18,438 were sail, and 5,118 were steam. In 1914 the total was 22,927, of which 18,153 were sail and 4,774 were steam. In that year there were 74,233 men and boys regularly employed in fishing and 22,614 casuals. Registered Companies: Total number and amount of paid up capital of all registered companies in the United Kingdom having a share capital and carrying on business on April 30 of each of the under- mentioned years: Years No. Registered in England Paid- up Capital No. Registered in Scotland Paid- up Capital No. Registered in Ireland Paid- up Capital No. Total 1912. . . 1913. . . 1914. . . 1915. . . 1916. . . 50,425 54,535 58,164 59,287 59,322 $10,374,018,550 10.586.269,800 11,064,256,885 11,644,444,419 11,903.510,646 4,134 4,347 4,598 4,682 4,716 $945,392,807 965,790,071 997,629,623 1,022,525,439 1,049,416,791 1,793 1.872 1.930 2,017 2.056 $229,477,997 237,040,692 243,379,123 248,319,585 251,639,728 56,352 60,754 64,692 65,986 66.094 $11,349,090,667 11,789,100,565 12,305,265,632 12,915,289,445 13,204,567,166 Manufactures: Number of persons engaged in each industry or occupation employing over 200,000 persons in 1911: Industries or Services Domestic Indoor Service Agriculture (on farms, woods and gardens) Coal Mining Building Cotton manufacture Local government Railways Engineering and coachine making, iron foundering and boiler making Dressmaking Teaching Inn, hotel service Grocery Tailoring Pointing, bookbinding and stationery Wools, worsted, manufactured Boot and shoe making Drapery Total Number Persons Males Females 1,302,438 41,765 1,260.673 1,229,555 1,134,714 94,841 971,236 968,051 3,185 817,942 814,989 2.953 623,825 250,991 372,834 688,951 412,501 176.450 542,969 533,799 7,170 510,226 502,942 7,284 336,955 3,862 333,129 300,831 89,648 211,183 289,056 178,550 110.506 269,372 210,387 58,935 254.828 127,301 127,527 249,199 215,110 34.089 233.189 105.552 127.637 217,986 172,000 45.986 204,126 93,171 1 10,955 '«< 1 HI !1[ :il 420 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Textiles : The cotton weaving and spinning industries are centered in Manchester and surround- ing towns, Oldham, Bolton, Bury and Rochdale in Lancashire to the north and east of Manchester; Stockport and Hyde, to the south, Glossop to the southeast, and to the north, Preston, Blackburn, Accrington and Burnley. Oldham and Bolton possess large cotton-spinning mills, while Burnley, Blackburn, Preston, Nelson and Accrington are centers for cotton weaving. Nottingham is the center for the production of cotton hosiery and machine-made net and lace. Cotton thread and fine lawns and muslins are manu- factured in Paisley in Scotland. The center of the woolen industry is Leeds. Bradford is the center for the production of worsted and likewise has large silk, velvet and plush mills. There are large alpaca factories at Saltaire. Halifax produces light worsted fabrics. Dewsbury and Batley produce heavy fabrics; Huddersfield, fancy goods and plain fabrics. Leicester is the center for the manufacture of woolen hosiery; Kidderminster and Wilton produce carpets, the former town specializing in "Brussels" carpet. In Scotland the woolen industry finds its center in the district of the Tweed, at Selkirk, Hawick, Jedburgh, Innerleithen, Gala- shills, and in Dumfries, Ayr and Kilmarnock. Linen is one of the two important industries of Belfast in Ireland; Dundee, Montrose and Dunfermline in Scotland and Bamsley and Canterbury in England. Jute sacking is manufactured principally in Dundee in Scotland. The silk industry has its centers at Derby, Ilkeston and Chesterfield in Derbyshire, Macclesfield and Congleton in Cheshire and Leek in Staffordshire. Coventry produces ribbons; velvets and plushes are manufactured in Bradford, and umbrella silk in London. Metals and Machinery: For manufactures of iron Birmingham, with the surrounding towns of Wolverhampton, Walsall, West Bromwicly, Wednesbury, and Dudley, and Sheffield, are centers. Rails are manufactured in Middlesborough and Barrow, iron wire at Warrington, tin and zinc plate in the Welsh towns of Swansea, Llanelly, Cardiff, Neath, Monmouth, Akeravon and Pontypool. Railway equipment is made at Manchester, Birmingham, Glasgow, and Newcastle. Coal and coke are exported largely through Cardiff, Newcastle, Swansea and Hartle- pool. Copper, silver, lead, zinc and sulphur are smelted at Swansea and Llanelly. Manu- factures of copper, brass, bronze, etc., center in Birmingham, while Rotherham is a center for the manufacture of brass. Lead is mined in the Isle of Man, in Durham and in the north. Tin and copper are mined principally in Devon and Cornwall. Miscellaneous: Earthenware and porcelain manufacture is the chief industry of the five towns of Staffordshire commonly called the "Potteries," Burslem, Stoke, Hanley, Newcastle- under-Lyme, and Etruria. Worcester 'and Derby produce fine porcelain; Stourbridge, a hard stoneware. Glassware is made at St. Helens, Birmingham and other towns. Money, Weights and Measures: The unit of British currency is the pound sterling, expressed £, with a par value of $4.8665 U. S. currency. The pound is divided into 20 shillings, each shilling into 12 pence. Weights and measures are as in the United States with these exceptions: The British ton is of 2,240 pounds avoirdupois (long ton) and is divided into 20 hundredweight (abbre- viated cwt.) of 112 pounds each. The British gallon, called the Imperial gallon, is equal to 1.20 United States gallons. The Imperial bushel is equal to 1.03 American bushels; UNITED KINGDOM 421 Hivisions of the bushel, pints, quarts and pecks, have corresponding American values. The British quarter as a measure of capacity is equal to 8.25 United States bushels. A frequently used measure is the stone of 14 pounds. ^Details as to the tonnage of vessels entering and clearing ports of the United Kingdom during 6 years: ^ Yeax Entbbeo (with cabgobs) British Foreign Total Cleared (with caroobs) British 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 Tons 32.292,343 28,928,893 22.861,738 20.217,334 18,795,045 19,791,267 Tons 16,771,890 14,131,890 10,862,166 9,842.214 4,433,501 3.415,850 Tons 49,064,233 43,060,783 33.723,904 30.059.548 23.228.546 23.207,117 Tons 40.101,232 32,515,814 20,380,530 17.751.953 16.926.662 14.953,266 Foreign Total Tons Tons 27.718.469 67.819,701 23.452.755 55.968,569 19.148,832 39.529.362 17.843,941 35,595,894 9,149,162 26,075.824 7,770,279 22.723.545 Railroads: Total mileage 23,709. Post Oflaces, Telegraphs, Telephones: There are 24,509 post offices and 50,285 letter boxes. The mileage of telegraph wure is 3,264,822, and the number of offices 14,156. There are 1,061 telephone exchanges. London has 263,195 telephones, the rest of the country 523,856. Consular Representatives: United States consular officials are stationed in the following places:— England: In London there are two Ck)nsul Generals, one Consul and seven Vice Consuls; Consuls in Birmingham, Bradford, Bristol, HuU, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle-on- Tyne, Nottingham, Plymouth, Sheffield, Southampton, Stoke-on-Trent; a Vice Consul in Weymouth and a Consular agent in West Hartlepool. Ireland: Consul and Vice Consuls in Belfast, Cork (Queenstown), and DubUn; Consular Agents in Londonderry, Limerick, and Galway. Scotland: Consuls and Vice Consuls in Dundee, Dunfermline, Edinburgh and Glasgow; also Consular Agents in Aberdeen and Troon. Wales: Consuls and Vice Consuls in Cardiff and Swansea. Great Britain has consular officials stationed at Birmingham, Mobile, Douglas (Ariz.), Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, Denver, Washington (D. C), Femandina, Jack- sonville, Key West, Miami, Pensacola, Tampa, Brunswick (Ga.), Darien, Savannah, Honolulu (Hawau), Chicago, New Orieans, Portland, Baltimore, Boston, Detroit, Duluth (Minn.), Minneapolis and St. Paul, Gulfport, Kansas City, St. Louis, Omaha, Buffalo, New York City, WUmington, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Astoria, Portland, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Cebu (P. I.), IloUo (P. I.), Manila (P. I.), Zamboanga, Mindanao (P. I.), Arecibo (P. R.), Arroyo de Guayama (P. R.), Humacao (P. R.), Mayaguez (P. R.), Ponce (P. R.), San JHian (P. R.). Providence (R. I.), Charleston, El Paso, Galveston, Laredo, Port Arthur, Newport News, Norfolk, Richmond, Christiansted (V. I.), Frederiksted (V. L), St. Thomas (V. I.), Gray's Harbor. Port Angeles, Seattle and Tacoma. Customs Tariff : The United Kingdom being a free trade country, the British tariff assesses duties only on coffee, chicory, cocoa, tea, sugar, tobacco, spirits (mcluding perfumery), and wine. Consular Regulations: No consular documents are necessary nor are there any restrictions as to weights, marks, etc. 422 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Language: The English language is invariably used in commercial correspondence. Local Advertising Media: Conditions in the United Kingdom as regards advertising closely approximate those in tne United States. Shipping Routes: Cunard Line. White Star Line. American Line. Anchor Line. Atlantic Transport Line. Cable Rates: Twenty-five cents per word from New York City and New England states. Postal Rates: Letters; domestic letter rate, other matter at Postal Union rates. Parcels Post: Service extends to United Kingdom. Parcels cannot be registered. Money Orders: Issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. . ADEN 423 ASIA ADEN, PERIM, SOKOTRA, AND KURIA MURIA ISLANDS Aden, located on a peninsula on the South Arabian coast, is an important coaUng station in the Suez route to the east, and is heavily fortified by the British Government, of which it is a possession. The area of Aden Proper is 75 square miles, but the area of the protec- torate is about 9,000 square miles, and that of Perim is 5 square miles. Aden, Perim, Sokotra, and Kuria Muria Islands are subject to the Bombay Government. Population of Aden and Perim 1911, 46,165. Goods can be sent by parcel post to Aden via England at the regular 12-cent rate plus transit charges. Commerce Imports (1917-18), by sea, $19,754,675; by land, $626,036; treasure (sea and land), $1,619,439; total imports, $22,000,150. Chief imports; cotton, piece goods, grain, hides and skins, tobacco, coal, coffee, sugar, fruits, vegetables, and other provisions. Exports, by sea, $16,665,790; by land, $5,161; treasure, by sea and land, $848,138; total exports, $17,519,089. Principal exports are coffee, gums, hides, skins, cotton goods, tobacco, grains, sugar and provisions. The trade is largely a transhipment trade. Aden itself produces little, the chief industries being the manufacture of cigarettes and salt. Attached to Aden are the island of Sokotra, with an area of 1,382 square miles, off the coast of Africa, and the five Kuria Muria Islands off the coast of Arabia. The chief products are dates, giuns, sheep, cattle, and goats. AFGHANISTAN A country in Asia, bounded by Bokhara and Russia on the north, Persia on the west, Baluchistan on the south and the northwest border of India on the east. Area, about 245,000 square miles; population about 6,500,000, principally Afghans. The languages are Persian and a native dialect; the rehgion, Mohammedan. The principal towns are Kab(il, the capital, with a population of about 177,000; Kanddhar, with a population of about 30,000, and Herat, with a population of about 20,000. The country is largely dry and mountainous, but there are many fertile valleys, and irrigation is practised. Two crops are harvested in summer, rice, maize and millet are planted in late spring and harvested in autumn. Fruits, principally apples, pears, peaches and grapes are abundant, and are dried in large quantities for export. Sheep are raised in large numbers, and their hides and wool exported. Copper, lead, iron, gold, and lapis- lazuli are mined. Silks, carpets and brushes, shawls, etc. made from goats and camels- hair. Soap, boots, cloth and sheepskin coats are manufactured. The trade of Afghanistan is carried on with India, Bokhara, Persia and Turkestan. No statistics are kept. Imports from India, 1917-18 amoimted to $6,559,840; exports to India, $5,529,000, according to Indian statistics. The principal imports from India are cotton piece goods, dyes, sugar, hardware; exports are lumber, fruits and vegetables, grain, drugs, wool and spices. There is no direct trade between the United States and Afghanistan, trade with that country being carried on through merchant houses in India. The unit of currency is the Kabul rup)ee, with a value of about $0.16 at the normal rate of exchange on India. Letters and packages for Afghanistan must be sent to Afghan I I 424 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS BAHRIEN ISLANDS 425 r. Shipping routes: See India. Consular regulations: No consular documents are required Cable rates: From New York or New England states, $0.66 per word Postal rates: Postal Union rates. Mail time: About 25 days. Parcels Post: Goods can be sent to Afghanistan by parcel oost via Fn.,lo«^ „* *u rate plus transit charges. ^ England at the regular 12K;ent Money orders: Not issued. International reply coupons: Not issued. ANDAMAN ISLANDS largelsirdTtotfh^t^^^^^^^ -"-/-- ^^ coast of Burma. Five man. The. a^ some 2(J^ml^oriS:l^^^^^^^ «^^*^ ^^^^^ ^nda- miles; the total population is 17,324, of whom iJlT ^al^ri^^r Th^ '^. ''"^" possession of Great Britain PrinciDal nmHnnfo '^''T^^^^euiea. The islands are a Manila hemp. Thei. w^ 9,5^ head oS^ ^ T^"^^"'' "^'^^ ^^^ 27,500 acres and forest to about 80 squa^ ^Z The !:ttl T^ land amounts to about by the government of India oZ to^^nrf Rl« ^"*«'^«'^] is used as a penal colony and Calcutta, and by t^less wX^n^^^ NicobarandUccadivelsl^rardeiV^^^^^ '''^''^ ^«^^^- -^^ the NICOBAR ISLANDS A group of 19 islands, of which only 12 are inhabits) »K«,.» 7/: i Andaman. Possession of Great Britain NatTv^poSo* of m' ■"'"'^ '""*'' °^ ^"'^ 8,818. Cocoanuta are the only product. The cCte ts'::;iutTuX;.;y. "'"^ THE LACCADIVE ISLANDS A group of 14 islands, of which 5 are uninhabited about !!m ™i «... coast of the Madras Presidency. The population is atoutl2(i)0 Th *''1 "'^'""' is coir fibre. "' '"'"""• The principal product BAHREIN ISLANDS A group of islands in the Persian Gulf 20 milps nff fh. „„ * . . t. island, Bahrein, is 27 miles long and 10 mil^wWe The ot^^ ^"'^"'- '^' ""^t harrak, 4 miles long and H mUe wide fflt™ Im^I^T ^ f""?^*' '"''"'*' "« "u- withanareaofabout2squ^„^es and JeLwa tJJ°°^ ?",' "^'^ ^'"^''' ^"^^ ^aleh, total population is estimated at XuttS ^^t": t** 'l^ ^ unoccupied islands. The Manama, with a population of about MOW 'The oil T """^ «>™mercial center is on the island of t^^name with al^uSo Jlb^r^KZ'^T''^ '°'"f ""'^"'^ trative purpose attached to India. "">at>itants. The islands are for adminis- Commerce The chief imports in 1917-18 were: specie, $1,258,249; pearls, $739,206; rice, $1,771,747; ^ffee $289,490; ghee, $160,380; sugar, $260,845; t«a, $170,814; piece goods, $1,896,906. The chief eiporte wei^: Pearls, $1,545,441; rice, $910,112; coffee, $175,198; tea, $50,689; suear, $139,725; dates, $40,940. The port of Bahrein is important in the trans-shipment of goods from the mamland, because of the exceUence of its harbor and good steamship service. Production and Industry The principal industry is the pearl fishery in which there are more than 1,000 boats engaged. Dates, locaUy manufactured sail cloths, and reed mats are the principal products. Money, Weights and Measures: ^, • r^u a no«. The coinage in use consists of British sovereigns, Indian rupees, Mana Theresa doUare, and the Turkish and Persian coins. The principal weights and measures are: the dhirau of ISH inches; the miscal shirazi of 72 grains; the miscal bar of 720 grams; the rubaa of 4,114 lbs. avoir.; the mann of 57.6 lbs. avoir.; and the rafaa of 576 lbs. avour. BALUCHISTAN A state comprising the farthest western corner of the Indian Emph^ with an area of 134,638 square miles and a population (1911) of 834,703. It is bounded on the north by Afghanistan, on the west by Persia and on the south by the Arabian sea The naUve independent states protected by Great Britain comprise an area of about 80,410 square miles; the rest is possessed and admmistered by Great Britain. The trade of the country is carried on by native Hindus, of whom there were in 1911, 37,602. The country is for the most part barren and mountamous, the chmate vanes between the extremes of heat and cold. Fruits, wheat, barley and rice are cultivated. Iron, lead and coal are worked, but the minerals of the country have not begun to be developed. Manufacturing is unimportant: rugs, leather goods and needlework, distilling and gram milling and brewing constitute the principal enterprises. There is no direct trade between the United States and Baluchistdn, trade with that country being carried on through merchant houses in India. Trade is chiefly earned on with India, Afghanistan and Persia. Imports from India, 1918, $149,580; exports to India $456,167. Principal unports are cotton piece goods from India, canned foods, tea, sugar and metal work. Exports are fruits, fish, rugs, mats and wool. The trade between India and Afghanistan and India and Persia passes through Baluchistdn. There are 975 miles of macadamized road, 2,130 miles of path and unmetaUed road; the North-Western railway has two branches of Une in Baluchistan, and there are, besides, 128 miles of other railway Une. Telegraph and postal facilities are admmistered by the British. Shipping routes: See India. Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required. Cable rates: From New York or New England states, $0.66 per word. Postal rates: Postal Union rates. Mail time: About 25 days. Parcel post: Service does not extend to Baliichistdn. Money orders: Issued. International reply coupons: Not issued. 426 ^^P^^firgfi-g GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS CHINA 427 A n * K BRITISH NORTH BORNEO Ea^tlStitTan'^Ir*:, rbS^^^ir^^^^ ^^^ <" »"« ^^<^^ of Borneo in the a population, 1911, of m m E,!!;^ '"""" /°''^' "^ <^o««t ""« of over 900 miles, and T Commerce imports and exports during fiv^ vp»ra .- Imports. Exports $3,083,854 4,194,738 12,696,245 3,561.519 •2,540,074 4,206.626 12,434,534 4.928,730 $3,035,006 —— ___^__ 5.229.714 Exports of leaf tobacco in 1915 werp «l q9« q^. into •« ^ Exports of plantation rubber in msZTvlt^^UT,',,*^''^- '"''• *^''^- in 1917, 13,083,981. Of timber whkhVth. . ' '''^' '° ^^'^' »2.453,517; and there wa. exported in 191, ^^{,^^1 m^:^^; ^^^^,^1^^ ^°"°''^' rp, -I Production and Industry Railways and Telegraphs: Mo„I':wS'L" Measl^i's"'''' "' '''''^"P''' '='"""' ''°'' '^'^P'^one connections. Britirrgl''::;:!!^;^"^""^' ""^ '"•' °°-"-»' -- **« own coins. SarawIL""*" *" ^^'^'^'^ ^"^'^ «-- - the neighboring territories of Brunei and Parcel Post: VlJr:^::Z^r' '^ """' •"'' '° ^""^^ ^- E"*"-" «' the regular 12 cent rate A K BRUNEI town B^^eriprioTa^uttVS^^^^^^^^^ ^■--- ''Hncipa. ^. SrZ/VaK IZ'^sT:'-"^^^-^^-^^ 'va,uT:tT87.0S an. mUes distant from llb^n w!th wW.h ~ ""■""•"" "'*'"*"'«• ^he territory is 43 tained. ' ™"' *'"•''> ^«^" connections by steam launch are main- , SARAWAK being developed. ^' quicksilver are mmed, and an oil field at Miri is T ^ *« Commerce CfflNA The territory occupied by China, including therein Manchuria and Mongolia, exceeds by over 600,000 square mUes the area of the United States, includmg Hawau, Alaska and Porto Rico. The estimated population of Chim. exceeds that of the United States, incisive of Hawau, Alaska and Pori« Rico, by approximately 16,000,000. The chmate of China varies according to latitude, ranging from very mild in the south to cold m the northern districts and many places in the interior. For commercial purposes China may be divided into three territoi^^e^sw^em. central and northern. The southern district comprises the provinces of K«55f««g, Kwangsi Fukien, Yunnan and Kweichow. The principal treaty porte in this distnct open to fc^ign trade, and including both seaporU and inland porta, are: in Kw«»Uing; Hong Kong (British), 428 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Swatow, Canton and Kowloon; in Fukien; Foochow. Amoy and San-tu-ao. The central to mcludes the provinces of the Yangtze River vaUey inland to S.echwan and Xt ^S^'I^T k^'^Ik""^^'''^'*''' ^'^'^"«' Nankin and Soochow in the proS of K,ang.8u, Hanghow, Shansi and Ichang in the province of Hupeh, and Hangchow i„ the provmce of Che-Kiang. The northern district comprises the p^viAce of C^Z2 Manchuna and Mongolia. The principal treaty porta in this district are KMau (t! Japan) T^gtau, Chefco and Wei-hai-wei (British) in the p,ovince of Shlung" T.e^t^^ m^; Daxren (le^ to Japan), NewK>hang, Mukden, in the province of ShengX iiinn and Harbin m the province of Kirin. ^^' w.rJ'' VT? °^ **"* '""^ "o-nmercial regions indicated varies widely. North China is warm, often hot, m summer, and cold in winter. Central China is damp, with low^ml ature m wmter and prevailing heat in summer. South China is sub-tropical; the clZte » hot, damp aad enervatmg throughout the year. The best seasons for travel L N^t la^lt r res. '^"'^*' ^"^^ "''^ ''"'■^" -^^ '"'' '^"'^'^ «-"' ^^^- T> , .'^^^ P^^^^^P^ seaports of China are Shanghai, for the central region Tienstin for Yangtze River, ,s the center of distribution for the central interior of China nouses chiefly Bntish and Amencan, known as "hongs." These houses supply the Chinese and wealthy. These Chinese firms in turn supply the bazaars and the Chinese retail shops The commission houses usually employ a native middleman, known as a comprador who m addition to bemg an intrepreter acts as credit man and agent, and who is bonded InS hdd responsible for the payment for goods sold by the comiXiok house t^ native Chin'e firms. It IS well worth noting that in China every trade has its own guild, and that^e^e guilds have great influence in aU matters affecting their trade. China is primarily an agricultural country, the great majority of the population beinir farmers. In general, the agricultural holdings are very smaU and the methoTof a^uHure prmntive. Irrigation is practiced in large areas of the country. Stock raising is no of an^ great importance. The principal croj« of the north of China are wheat, briey mmet corn bean«, and peas. Tobacco, cotton, and some rice are hkewise produ;ed In ™he C^ntS provinces theprmcipal agricultural products are tea, cotton, rice,Td ramie. In the^uth t^.2'T "T ''^'' ^'^"^'"' ^^ ''''''' ^^^P« ^^« ^^^- The bamboo, mdberry tr^: trees which produce gum-lac, and fruit trees are cultivated throughout the countT yet I^elZdtZwT/ ''''".' "Vu '^"* ^^^^<-^ ^ut are for the most part not yet developed to their full capacity. There are large coal fields, the most important of which IS m he Province of Shansi. There are hkewise iron depos ts. Both JtCe have been recently developed and railway comiections estabhshed ^^th the mining dJtricT Copper and tm are other important minerals, and silver is mined to some extent Of manufacturmg industnes the most important are the textile mills, iron works tea rice eTtal^r ^' "i^'i^ ^'"^^" '"^^"^«- ^^« -"- -d silk 'spinning a^ktl^ng estabhshmente are the largest and best equipped of China's manuf acLing inZtri^Td have attracted large investments of foreign capital. maustries and w 1^^ ^^^•' *''*^ '""^"^ '"^ ^^^^ *^^ ^"^^ States suppUed 10.5 per cent Of China's total exports m 1917 the United States received 19.5 per cent. CHINA 429 Area and Population Area, population and capitals of the eighteen provinces and other possessions of China. _^ - Provincea Area Sq. miles Population Capitals Anhwei Chekiaog.. Chihli Fuhkien.. . Honan . • ■ • Hunan Hupeh .... Kansu Kiangsi.... Kiangsu . . . Kwangsi . . . Kwantung. Kweichow . Shanai Shantung.. Sbensi Ssechwan . Yunnan . . . Total. New Dominion: Hsinchiang. . . Dependencies: Manchuria. . . . Fengtien Kirin Heilungchiang. Mongolia Tibet Grand Total . 54.826 36.680 115.830 46.332 67.954 83.398 71.428 125,483 69.498 38.610 77,220 100.000 67,182 81.853 55.984 75.290 218.533 146,714 1.532,815 550,340 363.610 17,300.000 17,000,000 32,571,000 13,100,000 25,600,000 23.600,000 24.900.000 5,000.000 14.500.000 17,300,000 6,500,000 27,700,000 11,300.000 10,000,000 29,600.000 8,800.000 23.000,000 8,500.000 Anking Hangchow Paoting Foochow Kaifeng Chang^ia Wuchang Lanchow Nanchang Nanking Kueilin Canton Keuiyang Taiyuen Tsinan Tsian Chengtu Yunnan 316.271.000 2.000.000 1.367.600 463.200 4.277.565 5.830.000 5.350,000 1.560.000 1,800,000 2.000,000 334,811.000 Tihuafu Mukden Kirin Tsitaihar Urga Lhassa Population of principal cities: The population of Pekin, the capital, is well over 1,000,000. The population of the principal treaty ports is as follows: Aigun, 23,814; Sansing, 15,647; Harbin, 28,600; Antung, 45,091; Dairen, 49,784; Newchang, 56,683; Chinwangtao, 5,000; Tientsin, 800,000; Chefoo, 54,450; Tsingtau, 77,052; Chungkmg, 425,000; Wanhsien, 70,000; Changsha, 535,800; Ichang, 55,000; Shansi, 105,000; Hankow, 1,321,284; Kiukiang, 36,000; Wuhu, 108,610; Nanking, 377,459; Chinkiang, 168,309; Shanghai, 1,000,000; Soochow, 500,000; Hangchow, 684,137; Ningpo, 470,000; Wenchow, 124,544; Santuao, 8,000; Foochow, 624,000; Amoy, 114,000; Swatow, 85,000; Canton, 900,000; Kongmoon, 70,000; Samshui, 6,000; Kiung- chow, 56,639; Pakhoi, 20,000; Wuchow, 40,000; Nanking, 50,000; Lungchow, 13,000; Mengtsz, 10,000; Szemao, 15,000; Tengyueh, 10,000. Hong Kong ®, which is a British Crown colony, has, including Kowloon and adja- cent territory controlled by Great Britain, an area of 391 square miles and a popula- tion of 535,100. The resident white population is 13,500 of whom one-half are British and one-third are Portuguese. The foreign population of China, as estimated by the Customs authorities numbered 220,485 in 1917 and was distributed by nationality as follows: American 6,618 Austrian 317 ® Belgian 324 British 8.479 Danish 450 Dutch 298 French 2,262® German 2.899 ® Hungarian 18 ® Italian 416 Japanese 144.492 Norwegian 277 Portuguese 2.297 Russian ^^'^i? Spanish 300 Swedish 513 Other nationalities 215 Total 220.485 Note: Including 714 proteg^. plete data. ® Practically aU deported March. 1919. ® See page 444 for com- y-l i 430 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREWN MARKETS Value of the 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917.. 1918. . 1910.. 119,397.629 16.252.071 19,264.876 24,315,623 21,261,531 24,662,116 16,355,434 25,055,077 36,547,279 43,104,781 Commerce total foreign trade of the United States with Chi na for eleven yean,: Excess of Exports (♦) or Imports (-) $22,395 68.541 22.960 45.576 65.303 36,618 47,041 76,382 648,327 371,842 $19,420,024 16.320,612 19.287.836 24.361.199 21.326.834 24.698,734 16.402,475 25.131,459 37,195.608 43.476.623 92,496.112 $20,672,897 20.369,508 26.036.648 20.713.759 28.933.416 32,009,539 32,079,465 55,462.436 86.310.456 85.040.023 $8,125,826 9.620,862 8,190,855 8,859,973 10,077,384 7,373,439 8,076,674 16,192,609 19,595,075 31.604,958 $28,798,723 29,990,370 34,227,503 29,573,732 39,010,800 39.382.978 40.156.139 71.655,045 105,905,531 116,644.981 128,319,451 71.78 67.92 76.07 70 04 74.17 81.28 79.89 77.40 81.50 72.90 -$9,378,699 -13,669,758 -14,939.667 -6,212,633 -17.683,966 -14.684.244 -23.753.664 -46.523,586 -68.709,923 -73,168.358 -35,923,339 vaiue^trai.rs;'Trir:fihrHrs^ '^ "'%^'"*''"'' ^"«'°-' ^'^- 1908 to 1917 was as fol nw7 Jh 1 , u ^^ '° **""' °' ^"^^^ S*"'** """ei^y from have been'lrte'd :tZ\Z>vr^:'^:'"'' ^"^ *"* ^"^ ^"^^ f<" -^ yea, tinatlr"^ "^" °' ''''" '""'^ "'^«' '"""-^ P"-iP»' countries of origin and des- HoDgKong Macao. . . French Indo-China Siam Straits Settlements Dutch East Indies British India. S"r^«SrfS':^°^*' *■''■'••-- Norway . Sweden . . Denmark. Netherlands '. France . . Spain .■.■;.■; Switzerland . Italy .".".'.■.■.■.■.'.■ Russia, European ports r!!«I* ^i""^ ^'^"*' ^y 'and frontieri Kussia, Amur ports Russia, Pacific ports Korea Japan ' ' ' ' Philippine Islands . . Canada United States South America Australia and New Zijkiand '. '. South Africa $204,361,688 6,399,091 3.476.694 498.153 13.017.746 10.791.770 10.066,008 478,878 62,861,769 10 12,433 241 1.398 1.956.761 32,772 17,216 449,409 16,044 1,806,973 333.910 5.882,803 13.176.099 300.961.808 4,023,840 13,048,008 73,944,416 18 1.206.246 9,404 $147,404,906 5.704,922 2.007.815 2,484,757 8,064,657 3.266.927 7.607.743 3.739.294 31,833,821 117 764,i25" 42 38.391,793 23,248 46 12,139,822 104 2.486,169 2,007.466 13.907.454 17.243,606 206.876.565 2.713,066 6,173,074 97,189,098 225,262 1,689,698 148,601 CHINA Foreign trade for 1918, showing principal articles: Articles Living Animals: Horses Cattle Sheep Goats Pigs Poultry All other Total . II. Food and Beverages: Meat, fresh Poultry and game Meat, preserved Margarine Milk Butter Cheese Caviar Fish and shell fish Eggs Honey Cereals: Wheat Barley Oats Maite Other Rice Flour Other cereal products Malt •.•••. Macaroni and vermicelli Vegetables, fresh Vegetables, dried Vegetables, other kinds Potatoes Fruits Coffee Cocoa, crude Cocoa, prepared, including chocolate . Tea Su^ar Spices Oils, vegetable Salt Other articles of food Wines Beer Spirits as beverages. Waters, spring and mineral Other beverages III. Materials, raw or prepared : Skins, raw. preserved, tanned Ivory Bones and horns Manure Hair and feathers Plants, living Fodder Bran V^U^Call.6 .«...............•....■••• Hops ■ Seeds India-rubber Resin, gum, wax Tobacco Timber Charcoal Imports $23,883 76,725 226 12,366 40,008 7,431 3.714 $164,362 $978,152 2,659 957,915 713,423 172,903 1,373,825 15,895,129 25.167 35,248 312 31,631 91 109,461 159,295 28.700,460 909.784 '50,355* 1,194.738 388,673 1.530,393 4,376,346 5.176 2,996,709 1,488,746 99,286 513,724 1,252,030 76,081,060 2,452,106 962,745 '15,998,747' 1,937.495 1,428,462 2.345,342 210,094 142,977 $165,470,304 431 Exports $21,660 1.089.130 162.775 18.644 2.700.860 835.701 169,768 $4,998,528 $3,410,656 160,041 5.407.666 1,414,876 13.927.050 28.620 6,067,281 60,234 44,426 165,168 3.388,586 146,270 10,597.301 186.020 " "2.'l98.46i 1.220.099 26.054.130 3.227.071 93,072 4,120,914 17.724,258 1,251,471 1,011,415 51,684.649 2,284.562 4.256.406 70.9 i9 643.316 $159,844,937 $1,263,037 $25,675,571 237,430 584,156 1.084.940 970.507 325.295 9,598.288 58.219 43.728 14.618 3.377.997 3,518,762 2.009.956 201 40.151.095 29.820 772.900 7,116.706 25.172 2,270.657 3.297.382 7.388,694 5.129.311 14,716,164 6.698.563 137.089 299.486 Continued on page 432 432 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Table Continu&i: . Articles Imports IV. Materials, raw or prepared — Continued: Dye woods and tanning barks . ' Wood pulp Ore, copper Ore, iron [[] Ore, lead Ore, zinc !!!.!!!! Ore, manganese Ore, other kinds Common metals: Aluminum Copper ....'..'.'.'.'.'.' Tin Iron and steel Nickel ; Lead .....' Zinc [ Other metal ........'.'..'. Precious stones Marble and Alabaster. . '. '. . Other stones Oils, mineral .!!..!.! Coal and coke Cement .... Sulphur Textiles: Wool Silk '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'." Cotton T. Jute Hemp and flax. .... .' .....," Ramie . Other materials . Total, Manufactured Products* Starch ??*P, ■.*■■.'.'.*. Candles Perfumes and cosmetics ...... Colors, dyes and paints Chemical products Medicines !!!!!!! Cigars and cigarettes. . ... Furs, dressed leather and prepared skins! '. Shoes, leather Gloves, leather Leather, other manufactures! ! Thread, wool Thread, silk !!!!!!!!!!! Thread, cotton ! ! ! Thread, hemp, flax, etc . . Cordage riece goods, wool Piece goods, silk ! ' ' " Piece goods, cotton ! ! ' Fabrics of hemp, flax, etc. . ! ! ! Embroideries, lace, etc, . . Hosiery Hats ....'.■.■.■.■.■.■■ Linen drapery Dresses, women's Clothes, men's Ready-made clothing ! ! India rubber goods ! ! ! ! Furniture, w(Md Woodware Paper hangings Paper, other !!!!!!!! Books and music Other products of graphic arts . Tiles, bricks, pipes, etc $388,456 284,654 2,886 72,213 398 127,302 35,452 86,819 15,555 6,348,067 2,367,262 861,725 92,980 1,097,132 79,773 2,693.897 356,401 184,624 8,143 40,505,310 16,529,042 1.252.540 153,720 315,447 7.976,913 313.295 9,970,745 $124,433,472 $32,529 3.908,095 1,345.3.39 1,416.723 6,557.139 1,632.997 6,703.6.57 31.532.626 1.227.183 12.320,220 3,666,181 6,070 970.255 1,101,820 74.524,162 846!698 ■ 6.370.268 3.4.33.506 126.224.6elling machinery Machine tools Machines, bleaching, printing, etc Machines, hand and treadle. . Machines, sugar making, distilling, etc Machines, agricultural Machines, other Tools Vehicles: Carriages and wagons for railways Motor cars Motor cycles Velocipedes Other vehicles Ships and boats Musical instruments Scientific instruments and apparatus Clocks and watches Arms and ammunition. Gunpowder and explosives, etc I^atches • All other manufactured products Objects of art, etc Total, Gold and silver, unwrought, and gold and silver coins: Gold, unwrought Silver, unwrought Gold coins Silver coins Total Grand total . Imports by principal classes for 1918: Articles Cotton goods Wool and cotton unions — Piece goods Metals and minerals Sundries and other articles . Total. Imports $1,586,220 575,062 1,904,613 1,131,587 13,836,644 27.433,673 50,340 515,804 263,025 195.320 52.555 29,854 922,854 512 6,068,527 954,410 439,876 2,279,197 392,147 24,383 211,057 6,324,402 957,962 2.535,117 1,685,204 46,202 163.558 476,137 37,380 345,342 430,529 1,119,552 17.853,672 348,463 5,906,001 31.577,302 $167,757,292 $515,283 28.612,760 1,032,427 17,003,768 $47,064,238 $774,875,631 433 EzPOBTB $2,723,376 311.693 356.426 1.107.629 186,629 ■ • • • • • 603.439 887 227,117 3.636 2(5.970 11.308 17,264.933 168.869 $83,307,021 $2,862,742 6,876,389 22.148 9,036.631 $18,787,810 $631,021,429 Amounts $190,934,742 4,033.674 6.346,918 47,422.769 447,302,667 $696,040,650 1 i m EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Exports by principal articles for 1918: Articles Cotton goods Iron pig and unmanuf aotured g^-^^*^^ ::::::::::::::: Beau cake;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::;::::::;: BriSieB.::::::::::::: J^eat*'"'* ^^*i*°y (Sorghum):: ; : : : : : Ricraiid Paddy.;:::: :::::: :::::;;: ^unaware (not pottery and earthenware) . Cigarettes Clothing, Chinese, and boots and shoes Coal Cotton (raw) ::::;; Eggs (albumen and yolk)....:::: Eggs, fresh and preserved Hemp Rame :::::::::: Kre crackers and fireworks. ...::::;: Firewood S^'^^^* :•::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Leather::: ::::::::::::::::::;; Meats, fresh or frosen '(beef.'muVtoii: pork, '^'o'.).'! Silk, raw, white, not re-ieeled'and not st^m' fiiatuie" Silk raw, white re-reeled Silk raw, white steam filature. . . : Silk piece goods. . Silk pongees Buffalo and cow hides (undW>iiedV. Goat (untanned) ^ Straw, braid ;;;:;; Tea, black Tea, green T-ii : • •,' Tallow, animal Tallow, vegetable Tobacco leaf and stalk. ... Tobacco prepared Wool, sheep Other articles :.:::::::: i :' ' ToUl. Principal imports by commodities for three years: Articles 1915 Horses ^*^"® Sheep ^*^^ Figs Poultry. ..:::::::::::::;;; Other living 4inimab (including muieV and ass^ ' but " not including Imng fish and Crustacea) Food and Beverages : Fats, edible: Margarine and artificial butter Milk Butter ; ; ; Cheese :::::::: Caviare ; ; ; ; Fish, Crustacea, and shell-fish . Eggs of poultry and game . . . Honey $13,894 113,964 1.041 501 115,363 12.357 3,307 220,684 8.910 454,183 325,658 55,606 15,127 9,254.171 20,202 12,396 Amounts Value 1916 $12,086 60.228 450 6.451 87,264 7,659 3,773 304,213 26,659 706,306 403,278 77.514 7,945 10,929,881 33,108 37,119 $6,785,653 21.081.182 13,871,424 2,700,860 37,652.364 2.009.955 8,419,854 3,018.658 6,067,281 146,270 1.868,099 2.739.460 1,774,876 10,265.088 47.738.044 11.727,106 1,960,216 2,290,391 4.463.701 2.768,398 1,450,060 10,597.301 2.323.494 1.432,146 3,410.656 81,476,373 2,603,621 11,414.397 60.190.184 16,079,879 7.748^1 16,973,061 7.270,184 6,251,250 7.221.420 8,875,418 2,465,561 2,676.074 2,767.521 2.361.789 12.948.732 293,279.001 $699,165,283 1917 $25,766 131.529 20 2.358 93.546 8,571 3,023 218.227 8.394 1.171,042 426.471 49.506 7.692 14.605,004 75,657 37,709 Continued on page 435 CHINA Table Contimted: Description of Goods Value 1915 1916 Cereals: Wheat jlye Barley Oats Maise ; Other idndis (including spelt and maalin) Rice Flour of cereals Other products of the flour mill: Malt • • • Macaroni and vermicelli Vegetables, fresh Vegetables, dried (beans, peas, etc.) Vegetables, dried other kinds Potatoes Fruits (including dried fruits) Coffee (including roasted coffee) Cocoa, crude ; " " ; ' " \ Cocoa, prepared (including chocolate) Tea Sugar, crude and refined Spices Oils, vegetable .• ; • ; Other articles of food (including especially preserved vege- table products) ® Wines Bo^f •' Spirits as beverages (spirits of wine, brandy, liqueurs, etc.) Waters, spring and mineral, natural or artificial, gaseous or otherwise •••..••••••••••"•••*'•*•"■' Other beverages (juice of citrus and oranges, lemonade, etc.) Materials, raw or prepared: , ^ , j a Skins, raw. preserved, or tanned, and furs undressea Ivory Bones and horns ._ • Manure (including chemical manure) Hair and feathers Plants, living, and natural flowers Fodder (including beetroot for fodder) Bran Oil-cake Hops Beetroot, Sugar Seeds India-rubber Resin, gum, and vegetable wax Tobacco j" •." "ii ■ \ Timber of all kinds (including sawed timber) Charcoal • • • • ; • ■. Dye-wood, tanning bark, and other coloring and tanning materials Wood Pulp Ore, Copper " Iron " Lead " Zinc " Manganese •• Other kinds Common Metals: Aluminum Copper Tin Iron and steel Nickel Lead Zinc Other metals l\i"r'\'A Precious stones, crude or out, but not mounted (inciua- ing coral and fine pearls) Marble and alabsister Other stones $454,183 8,094 30,911 8,688 67,686 96,817 15,712,160 518,957 34,326 718,233 283,405 2,061,728 575,840 7,687 876,799 57,024 2,194 41,254 3,250,682 18,858,239 1,089,290 606,128 7,550,367 638,852 461,359 902,185 134,641 45,790 306,084 40.402 200,455 495,546 130,165 19,307 12,513 1,853,052 530 10,989 $103,494 6.444 25.391 17.813 116,546 135,522 26,693,353 931,673 10,035 722,924 255,835 1,009,074 766,183 4,961 1,530,275 204,143 12,575 82,221 6,853,336 29,009,100 1,682,259 1,717,012 10,452,323 999,012 653.617 1,045,051 152,003 90,853 510,076 97,854 523,845 470,855 235.617 34,312 5,986 2,662,706 75 2.858 404.488 16.288 126,654 946,503 5,443,151 70,650 277,414 91,469 8,869' 9 126' 10,267 3,696 744,254 1,274,537 131,521 68,746 664,137 5,833 606,999 243,258 93,696 21,603 568,191 18,689 2,074,518 2,623,157 11,000.686 161,340 470,008 1,064,788 ■ ■ ■ ' '67,481 643 335 53,527 1,952 1,060,152 2,069,588 434,054 146,196 1,085,531 21,152 1,480,712 378,544 125,524 22,116 435 1917 $82,330 ' "113,467 1,245 181,993 141,894 30.471.621 2,925,909 46,407 931,529 370,335 2,580,583 2,485,872 6,769 2,242,097 3,274,296 32,746 122.984 4,985.081 46,715,472 2,514,788 1,200,997 13,940,948 1,223,950 968,171 1,325,181 178,065 86.601 696,380 171,412 567,419 802,672 267,341 44,571 14,111 2,920,576 27 14.551 672,803 25,467 3,285,412 3,862.413 9,734,948 104,839 317,482 458.862 3 85.437 39 1,788 1.121 46,056 6,439 1,918,903 2,678,850 456,483 61,103 1,011.056 19,202 1,972,387 298,820 182,990 20,645 Continued on page 436 436 1 1 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Table Conliniied: Common Metals— Continued : Oila, mineral, and their derivative* Coal and coke Lime. Cement ! ! i i::: i! ! ! ! ! ] Sabhur Textiles: S" X"*' 9o**on Jute ■CT \ J^ Hemp and flax Ramie and other textile fibres. ! Other materials Manufactured products: Starch Q-^^ °P*P, Candies of all kinds .' Perfumes and cosmetics. , , Colors, dyes, and paints. . Zef P"^"'^^ (including "idiihoi not" u^ •«» J. . ' Medicines Cigars and cigarettes. as a bevei^ Furs dressed and finished .... Leather and prepared skins Shoes and boots, leather. . . Gloves, leather '[' ] Leather, other manufactures Thread, Woollen. " Silk ;::: •• Cotton ;* Jute Cprdage.^®"!^'. ^*''' ^*"'*' """^ *®^® *'^'*«" ' " ' Kece Goods, wooilen ©! gece goods, silk, natural or artificial'. '. Piece goods, cotton Fabric of jute Hats, trimm^,' for ladies! .'.'.' all other kinds Linen drapery \] Dresses, women's. ...."'.*. Clothes, men's Other ready-made articl^ of clothing ' .' .' India-rubber goods of all kinds ' I'umiture, wood Woodware, other kinds. .,'. Paper, hangings Paper other kinds including ckitibokid ^aperware and and cardboardware Books and music, engraved or printed Other products of the graphic arts Ti£« Krl^"'^'^'^' ^l^"*"' '^^"'ent; and stone.' o?por?e^in^"'';;''.^:.*°^ ^'^' °'^*^ '^" eart'henwar; Earthenware and chinaware i'otteryware, other kinds ix)okmg-glasse8 ulass, window Glass, hollow-ware. Other glassware Iron and steel bars, rods, 'plktes.'et'c iron and steel, other manufactures.. Manufactures of Aluminium •18,683,179 6,262,605 433,856' 43.412 3.903 4.366.834 145,622' 4,9i9b',i95' 9.878 1,461.691 292,661 233,267 4.341,379 707,875 2,748,523 7,919,429 184,973 3.463,316 193,676 3,992 368,219 369,023 "42,614.761 ■ 242,234 1.306,054 1.040.007 61,381,793 i,b2i3,549 161,988 587,432 2.416.669 238,893 282,188 115,558 3;962,'9 74' 17.127,518 7.354,039 769,736 83.828 169.257 6,680,291 2i34.276' 6,'243.786 19.061 2.059.861 296.847 716.016 3,361,811 1.565,609 4,226,418 21,299,252 289,339 28,626 110,544 486,538 144,655 502,381 488,222 2.959.453 6.255.237 5.813 103.376 207.534 403.341 6.299,730 276.620 10,170 672.097 623,871 56,'760,222' 416,646 2,050.838 1,420,013 59,449,278 "i,'7'96.498' 240,293 1,696,553 3.715,283 351,655 870,843 335,132 '7,'64'7'.2C6' •36,706.263 16.006.662 830,588 94,936 384,820 6.916,430 " 29'5.276 6.4'64',558 19.356 3,834.683 888.302 1,052.188 4.773,489 1,965.64.3 6.115.327 33,023,342 416.978 63,564 559,709 11.154,252 2,770.878 9,616 649,674 1,644,207 76,601.335 576,131 6.012,407 2,429,634 99,935.502 ' '2,071,479 569,353 3,149,742 5.234.851 75,153 1,234,777 299,139 '6,'64'3',248 545,878 94,614 126,023 767.723 252.500 1,341,894 761,481 5,222,024 11,514,854 29.626 345,979 70,727 1.360.682 468,648 1.646.616 1.183.296 7,809!364 14.887.741 44.521 366,923 Continued on page 437 CHINA 437 Table Continued: Articles Value 1915 1916 1917 Manufactured Products — Continued : Manufactures of Nickel Ijead •••••..•••.•-•••••••••••■**'**"'' •• Zinc ■.',••*■.' Jewelry, goldware and silverware, and similar articles in precious metals ;••.••,•. ;;••:,• •* "i " i Jewellery, other kinds (including gold, silver, or mckel Elated) _ inery: Locomotive ana tenders Road engines Electrical machines and apparatus ; .....;... Propelling machinery (other than locomotives, road engmes. and electrical machines), boilers, turbines, pumps, etc. . . Machines tools .•••.••• ■ • • • • • -. : ':-" V ' "a '' Machines, weaving, tnmming, bleaching, printing; for dye- ing cloth, ribbons, ets.; for combing, carding, dressing Bpmning; looms and other machinery used in the textile industry • • • .• iL * ••'j • : j Machines (hand or treadle); sewing, embroidering, and knitting .•••;.•:••• • ;.' :.•„•. ;...•• Machines: sugar-makmg and refining, distilling, vmegar- making, brewing and malting Machines, agricultural " other kinds, and parts of Tools Vehicles: , ., , . Carriages and wagons for railways and tramways Motor-cars • •, • • Motor-cycles and similar vehicles Velocipedes Other vehicles Ships and boats Musical instruments Scientific instruments and apparaitus Clocks and watches, and parts of Arms and munitions Gunpowder and other explosives Matches • • • All othe manufactured products (•) Objects of art and for collections Gold, unwrought Silver unwrought Gold coins Silver coins $231 54,726 65.804 199.000 1,268.330 2.166 1,562,820 437.703 46,142 939.673 189.876 15.369 34,503 1,376.798 152.236 390,619 295.033 11,084 67,833 292.246 106,106 216,351 369,201 361,051 151,248 185,999 3.275,825 31,175,995 29.440 7,169.758 478.232 5,676.095 $163,916 246.268 264.661 11.348,396 5,031 2,315,966 478,866 77,244 1,696.107 249,831 9.098 164.286 2.750,522 212,375 628,580 568.615 28,345 86,330 496.594 18.096 251,654 251.047 389,391 344,657 177,111 5,619,186 25.634,242 6,673,817 9,907,545 9,049,644 18,792,226 $308,467 201,537 36.724 190,477 3,926.695 17,324 5.195.813 523,505 214.645 1,312,560 459,816 89,941 114,298 4,061,229 467,040 1,266,028 966,481 29.047 144,745 752,684 28.453 282,582 402.522 691.065 259.251 223.017 5.959.463 33.479.015 732,367 16.683,904 13.555,564 11,648.605 Note: (J) And dried vegetables. S fnXdinrGinseng (in 1915, valued at $2,389,485; in 1916, valued at $843,108; in 1917, valued $5.938.559)rand^S^a^Vnd AgwWr (in 1915 valu^ at $1,096,179; in 1916. valued at $1,433,433; in 1917 ''*^"® IndS wS)l and cotton union (in 1916, valued at $532,505; in 1916. valued at $692,337; in 1917. '''^"® iL'uS^'lifk'and cotton ribbons (in 1915, $34,284; in 1916, $59,291; in 1917 $71,348) S iSr hidinl oDium (in 1915. valued at $15,899,170; in 1916. valued at $8,302,106; in 1917. valued at $6.477.8&) and^TstTpwcels (in 1915? valued at $885,797; in 1916. valued at $1,671,858; in 1917, valued at $3,004,276).' Value of total foreign trade for five years: Year Gross Imports Re-exports Net Imports Exports 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 $427,992,014 391,420,032 295,779,683 422.861,056 456,131.257 $11,773,248 10,028,306 14,004,737 14,900,530 22,011,426 $416,218,666 381.391,725 281,774,946 407,960,526 434.119.831 696.040,650 $294,413,048 238.671.841 259,693,921 380,619,919 476,819,578 699.165.283 438 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Value of imports from principal countries of origin: Countries Hong Kong Macao !!!!!! French Indo China. ..!!!!!! Siam Singapore, Straits, etc Dutch East Indies British India \ Turkey^ Persia, Egy]^t.Aden. etc* V.'.'.V.V... Great Bntain Norway O J •' S^«d«°v ?f °°^"k Oermany Netherlands Belgium '.v.'.'.'.'.'...". France irr^SgSr'^^'''"^' ■ ■•■••••■••••■--: . "f . vv Austna-Hungary Russia, European ports .*.".*.'.* Russia. Siberia by land frontier..." Russia, Annex porta. . Korea _ ." ; ; Japan (incl Formosa) ..'.'. '. [ [ [ [ '. [ [ [ ', [ [ [ [ ] rhUippine Islands .... Canada United States (incl. Hawaii) . .' .'.".'.'.'.* Mexico and Central America (incl. Panama) " South America. ... Australia. New Zealand," etc".'. '. '. [ ." ." ." ; .' ; ; ; ; ; t>outh Africa (incl. Mauritius) Direct Gross Imix>rt8 Re-exported Abroad ] . * * ' ." * .*.[.." Total net import 1915 1916 $92,030,437 3,252.913 2.014.853 313.932 3.336.459 4.170.571 25.266.981 191.978 44.366.415 364.450 574,470 146,461 99,483 322,003 2,148,118 1.506.971 502 177 9,929 256,792 45,517 18,187 4,209,982 281.098 3,996.623 74,554,698 2,259,579 549,483 22.966,938 82 3 475,976 9 1917 »121, 144,622 4.057,632 2,831.953 412,653 3.636.247 4,203,054 25.869.324 69.686 55.576,892 933.475 1.254.523 100,879 19,354 182,010 6,086 2.241,928 4.263 $295,779,683 14,004.737 $281.774.946 380 284,349 18,760 44,789 5,320,796 248,458 6,718,652 126,787,668 1.811,371 1,475,953 42.520.801 29 3 367.959 96 $168,360,562 4,793.714 2,535,835 570,527 7,084,125 4,651,110 27,798.859 134.638 53.548.859 254.965 350.316 69.446 34.633 7.824 2.378.434 2.193 $422,861,056 14,800,530 681 482,038 1,066 36,749 3,021,520 158,818 12,198.296 228,316,897 1.757.879 9.367.177 62.789,600 39.848 11 602,761 12.512 Value of exports to principal countries of destination: $407.960.526 $456,131,257 22.011,426 $434.119.831 Hong Kong Macao French Indo-China. . ." .' Siam nJIP^'^^^^rt**'' **" -^ ■••••••• ^ Dutch East Indies British India Turkey^ Persia, Egypt, Acten.'rto .".'.' .' u reat Bntam Norway O J ' Sweden Denmark Germany y/, Netherlands Belgium.. x* ranee Spain (including Gibraltar) .....*.'.*.*.".' Portugal Switzerland Italy A . "1 ■ -WW Austna-Hungary Russia, European ports. Russia and Siberia by land frontier Russia, Annex ports [[[ Russia. Pacific ports.... Korea Japan (including Formosa) '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.['.['.'.[['.[[][ Philippine Islands Canada ..'.'.'.'.['.'.'.[['.[l". United States (including Hawaii) .. Mexico and Central America (including Paiiamai South Amenca Australia. New Zealand, etc. . ..." ." South Africa (including Mauritius) Total $64,585,361 3.068.718 1.100.128 1.931.073 5.513.684 1.696,191 4,924,451 1.704,531 19,799.466 2.796 137,439 1.003,198 52 1.336.558 i8.a9i.826' 69.247 676 231 S.791.218 19 2.821,544 3.872.624 3.876.730 26.256,262 3,508,358 48,159,626 488,377 908,440 37,659,139 641 28,133 639,115 28,056 $94,393,663 2,920,291 1.140,625 2,397,636 6,595,600 1,844,421 6,206,099 1,706,652 24.485,661 7.083 1.144.944 1.706.676 253 873,738 *2i,'536'.947* 11.026 242 1.169 4.981.722 69 3.335.867 16.151.402 2.994,281 29,374.670 6,215,193 89,208,683 849.279 1.216.938 55.363.766 749 68.364 1,275.763 40,639 $122,408,234 3.902.180 1,670,643 2,437.061 6,975,097 1,765.191 7.158,898 1,394,107 26,872,451 10,117 1,730 1,729.186 51 27,146 '26,302, iei 19,857 3,805 4.022,998 " 4'w',i47 13,841,525 7,298,327 29,611,013 8.774.502 108,947,033 1,609,153 2,767,117 97,629,815 5,333 6,789 1,058,191 43,147 $476,819,578 CHINA Value of principal exports for three years: Description of Goods Liring Aninula: Horses Cattle Sheep Goats Pigs Poultry • • Other living animals Food and Beverages: Meat, fresh • • • • • K;:='p"^'4d"ir^jL,rV«i- (tactadiogUrd -itid- pr-rv^l poultry and game) ••••••• Fish, Crustacea, and shell-nsh Eggs of poultry and game Honey Cereals: Wheat Rye Barley Oats Other kinds (including fl)elt and maslin) Rice. Flour of cereals. ..•••• • •• ' Other products of the flour mill. . Vegetables, fresh ® • Vegetables, dried (beans, peas, eUs.) . Vegetables, dried (other kmds) ®.. . Potatoes Fruits (including dried fruits) Tea Sugar, crude and refined. Spices . Oils, vegetables Qj-Ja , Other articles 'of 'food ("iiiciudi'ng especially preserved vegetable products) ® Wines Q^a Spirits as beverages (sisirits of wine, brandy, liquors, etc.) Materials, Raw or Prepared: Skins, raw, preserved, or tanned Ivory Bones and horns Hair and feathers • • Plants, living, and natural flowers. Fodder (including beetroot for fodder) Bran Oil-cake Seeds India-rubber. . ., Resin, gum, and vegetable wax Tobacco J • •■ ■ L" ■ < Timber of all kinds (including sawed timber) Charcoal -• ' Ore, iron Ore, lead Ore, sine Ore, other kinds Common Metals: Aluminum Copper Tin Iron and steel Nickel Lead 1916 $42,665 1,158,936 87,217 9,958 1,561.104 491.340 48,019 1,208,329 285,552 1,147,395 1,090.711 5,224.297 8.006 2.158,184 "*59,383 93,800 616,748 1,427,215 45,603 432,160 92,637 1,714,655 13.175,956 1,464,782 95,466 1,973,745 34,448,761 752.763 774.555 99.686,597 665,175 2.144,832 ' " ' 12,696" 304,013 13,287,202 *" '419,645 3,622,996 25,985 171,852 622,920 13,804,096 10,074,621 1,441,681 1,942,735 2,304,505 114,620 431,729 1,691 79.048 102,990 503,681 5.733,023 1,539,130 "'40,643 Value 1916 $14,144 1,297,134 124,495 19,156 1,869,138 658,673 173.563 2,038,680 262,052 2,188,372 1,405,998 9,741,866 23,715 1,756,276 21,032 20,998 37,480 509,130 63,312 901.948 164.879 1.700.640 14,683,084 2,245,394 111.444 3,160,643 34,412,729 814,941 831,681 20,048,385 952,951 2,803,757 4,753" 383,842 19,049,723 "'"606,253 5,621,922 40,495 216,877 793,721 21,602,810 9,719,366 2,999,289 2,405,369 3,036,777 152,474 722,932 404,068 13,373 1,176,216 7,162,677 6,817,829 4,088,229 '266, i38 439 1917 $31,544 1,156,360 161,595 18.726 2.401,575 744,842 6,624 3,073,606 592,131 4,815,261 1.829,761 14,747.612 43.366 3.375.109 ■ " " "36.969 62.196 72.815 2.252.104 134.173 2.361,153 148.070 1.934.835 21,270,462 2,302,044 96,251 3,927,615 29,980,917 1,285,574 1,036,701 30,613,383 1,057,107 3,339,653 61,967 501,959 27,818,536 " " 921,929 7,641,888 53,616 324.385 443.572 26,131,022 5,918,979 '2,"366'.749 3,673,423 4,239,064 219.339 1,049.033 797,898 7,339 1,432,159 10,245,158 12,571,023 5,447,449 169,343 Note: d) And dried vegetables. (1) Includmg ground nuts (in 1915 valued *' !^'318.2|2^ ^81-^1916 it $2 066 425- in 1917 $2 072^224). (i) Including dried lily flowers (jn 1915. valued at »-J/ 0,^8 i.iyio,« $35?009?i9T7. ar$32S,678rani essential oils (in 1915, $594,894; m 1916, at ^^'^^l^J;^,'J',^J^^\'^ 440 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS CHINA 441 Table Continued: Description of Goods Value 1915 1916 Common Metals — Continued: Zinc .... Other metab.;:: ::::::::::: :::::•; ^^a^d &i?^°S8^™*^® °' °"*' **"* °**^ mounted (including oorai Marble andalaba^ter'.; '.'.\V^V.\\'.V/.\\'.\\',\'.'.\ LHner stones Coal and coke... n^^— * ^ •»« ^°»e°* Textiles: Wool Silk po*ton y.y^v^'.\'.'.\'.'.\'.v.:.'.\ J"*« • -vi. Hemp and flax Ranue and other textile fibres . . . .......'." Other materials ..*!.*!..'! Manufactured Products: Soap Candles of all kinds . . ..................'..[', Perfumeries and cosmetics ..*.".....'.. Colors, dyes and paints ..!!.!! Medicines ,'..'..*.* Cigars and cigarettes. Furs, dressed and finished Leather and prepared skins '....'. Shoes and boots, leather Leather, other manufactures. . ' Thread, silk 11. .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Thread, cotton .'.'.!.'.*.'.'.!.".'!! Thread, hemp, flax, ramie, and other textile fibres . Cordage Piece goods, silk or artificial. Piece goods, cotton Fabrics of hemp, flax, ramie, and other teitile 'fibres ^mbroidenes, lace, and trinunings Hats, trimmed, for ladies . . Hats, all other kinds. .....:::::::: Linen drapery '..'.'. Dresses, women's !!!!!!!!'.! Clothes, men's !!!.'.*.'.*....'..* Other ready-made articles of oiothing. Furniture, wood Woodware, other kinds Paper, hangings ^. ! . i ! ! . .' .' ." ." ! .' ! ! .' .' .' i Paper, other kinds, including cardboard Books and music, engraved or printed (Snaware' ^°®'"**^®^' *°*^ P*P««' ^^^^^ ^^^ earthenware and Potteryware, other kinds Glassware, other than window and holiowwaie iron and steel bars, rods, plates, etc Iron and steel, other manufactures. . . Manufactures, tin Jewelry, goldware and silverware* and" similar articles S273.504 4.382,863 11 86,349 30,881 3,809,559 283,383 7,685,810 48,612,635 8,705,593 299,042 527,509 1,475,188 4,419,952 12,880 11.292 46,932 817.212 2,363.543 120,149 1.980,128 480,698 66,825 105,278 163,662 126,475 203,324 151.175 13.366.005 1.832,746 817,569 524,519 "'"76",i63 530.649 63,291 163.716 metals onverware, ana similar articles in precious Machinery: Machines, agricultural Machines, other kinds, and parts of. . . . . . . ...!..... Vehicles : Ships and boats Other vehicles .'!!!!!!!!!!!!! Arms and munitions !.!.'!!!.!!!!! All other manufactured products 0. Objects of art and for collections Gold, un wrought ' " " Silver, unwrought ..•....•.*..*..*.'....'.".' Gold coins !!!!!.*.*.' Silver coins ' 2,641,852 250,958 200.721 1,572,593 284,322 8,579 197,246 86.548 105.279 $193,454 14.359.594 5,332 98,920 60,270 4,609,775 146,729 9,633.785 71.133,:^00 13.925,393 390.236 1.342,503 2.276.049 9.435,270 39,086 312.023 47.508 1.410.709 3,024.458 390,695 2.604.979 985,867 60,356 178.897 182,660 143,002 205,038 218,778 16.815.773 2,889,447 1.351,165 918.300 "150,672* 1,977,862 148,669 341.624 11,344 7,784 642 644 7,377,464 180.077 11,135.140 6.801.313 15.5,704 17,440,575 2,785,064 322,004 230,364 2,274,789 321,551 42,256 564,972 202,753 168,051 149,618 4,099 1,186 30 20,084,294 649,858 6,302,605 33,775,556 98,185 18,179,935 1917 • 118.104 11,374,825 297,379 64,456 7,057,940 310,599 12,669,466 90,832,148 21,316,987 465.493 1.694,644 3,802,984 10,385,800 46,380 1,605,251 48,103 1.561,391 4,080,081 888,404 2,317,132 3.151,851 319,984 206,488 139,761 463,710 249,574 261,429 17,746,658 4,699,924 1,998,665 1,277,641 "l"2"2',828 1.172.624 185,185 602,661 3,299,174 328,935 468,405 2,629,436 314.793 84,990 989,723 229,841 394,619 202,186 13,470 6.998 309 16,611,250 668,267 4,841,436 34,073,003 333,875 15,872,098 Commercial Houses: Number of foreign firms doing business in China: Firms Employees j^encan Austrian Bel^an British Danish Dutch French German Hungarian ItaUan Japanese Norwegian Portuguese Russian Spanish Swedish Non-treaty Powers . Total . 216 18 18 656 17 22 127 132 • ••••• 42 2,818 7 51 2,914 8 S 7 7,055 5.618 317 324 8,479 450 298 2.262 2,899 18 416 144,492 277 2,297 51,310 300 673 215 520,485 ® Including postal parcels (in 1915, valued at $255,780; in 1916. at $8,362,928; in 1917, at $1,138,922) Agriculture: rr«- u u- The bulk of the population of China is employed in agriculture. The holdmgs m Keneral are small, the methods of cultivation and implements used are pnmitive and irrigation is commonly practised. The agriculture of the country is intensive, and rotation of crops is extensively practised. Fruit trees are grown and vegetables are cultivated with great care. The principal crops are wheat, barley, maize, millet, peas and beans in the north, and rice, indigo and sugar in the south. The soya-bean, which by treaty is the only gram which China is allowed to export, is the principal product of Manchuria. In 1918 the exports of soya-bean products from the port of Dairen, which handles about 90 ^r ^nt of the exports of these products, consisted of: 669,178 tons of bean cake, valued at *20,760,- 638; 192,273 tons of beans, valued at $5,980,882; 24,685 tons of bean meal valued at $214,969 and 78,371 tons of bean oil valued at $6,816,061. Cotton is grown principally in the Yangtze vaUey, but is grown as far north as the southern part of ChihU; the provinces in which it is grown include Hupeh, Himan, Kian^u, Chekiang and Szechwan; Kiangsu and Chekiang are reported to produce the best quahty. Rice is grown in large quantities in the Yangtze valley and further south; the annual crop is estimated at between 600,000,000 to 800,000,000 pounds. Tea is grown m the provinces of Yunnan, Szechwan, Hunan, Hupeh, Kiangsi, Anhwei, Chekiang and Fukien The brick tea made for export to Russia is manufactured in Hankow, Kuikiang and Foochow. Sugar is raised to the greatest extent in Kwantung and Fukien provin<^ and is sent to Hong Kong and Amoy, where there are large refineries. KaoUang and peanuts are grown in north China and Manchuria. Silk is produced m Kiangsu, Chekiang, Kwan- tung and Shantung, and China suppUes about 27 per cent of the world's supply of raw silk. The center of silk manufacture is Hangchow. Livestock of all kinds is raised in China. Pigs are bred everywhere, and their bristles provide a valuable item of export. Sheep, goats, cattle and horses are raised m MongoUa; mules and donkeys are used as pack animals in North China and Manchuna, and camels are used as pack animals in Mongolia. 442 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS CHINA 443 Manufactures: China is beginning to develop manufacturing industries. There are now large cotton silk and woolen mills in Shanghai and Canton, Hangchow and elsewhere, and large flo^ and nee mills have been established at Hungary near Hankow, large Chinese sted works, which get theu- ore from the Ta-yeh iron mines, have a capacity of 1,500 tons of pig iron a day, and employ about 5,000 men. Other manufacturing industries of imnor tance are paper mills and desiccated egg plante. According to official reports, there are" m China 30 cotton miUs with 1,029,218 spindles and 4,610 looms, with an estimated capacity of 800,000 bales of yam and 1,383,000 pieces of 40 yards. Mines: China is one of the most important coal reserve countries in the world, and extensive deposite exjst .n all of the eighteen provinces and Manchuria. Iron is mined in the an- tluacite field of Shansi, Chihh, Shantung and elsewhere. Copper is mined in Yunnan which IS one of the world's richest copper districts, as is tin, which is the most important mineral export, and which is shipped from Mengtsze through Hong Kong. Antimony IS mined in Hunan. ^ Production figures are not altogether reliable; coal, about 15,000,000 tons; iron (export), 6,817,516 toM in 1917; tin, slabs, 261,769 pounds, compound, 855,876 pounds Tf II L""^' ^,f ^ r""'*'' '- ^^"- "o''' ^ P"^""^ "' «>« aPP«>rimate rate of 72 000 ounces amiually, silver, 107,000 ounces, lead, 14,000 tons, copper, 11,000 tons „.*K ^""f"" reported to be under Chinese ownership and under more or less modem methods of operation, 43 gold mines, 23 sUver mines, 61 copper mines, 173 coal mines, 19 iron mines and 73 other mines of various sorts, totalling 392. In addition, there are several large coal properties operated by foreign interests, the Kailan coal mines in the provmce of Chdh being of especial importance. These mines produce a coking bituminous coal which IS shipped to various ports of the Orient, and especiaUy to Japan. The port of Chinwangtao 1ms been developed to handle this coal traffic, and the amiual exports from there are said to be about 1,400,000 tons of which Japan takes about 600,000 tons. Canals, Roads, Railways: »K ^^f '°'!r'' ^"^^ °'.^''^' " "^"^^ °° ^y "«»°« °f 't« numerous roads, which though for the most part m bad condition, traverse the country in aU directions, and by the numerous canals and navigable rivers. The most important of the canals is the Grand Canal from Hangchow U> Tientsin, for the dredging of which the Chinese govern- ment recently gave a contract to an American firm. There are about 6,000 miles of rail- way open in Chma, including 1,857 miles in Manchuria. There are. besides, 2,273 miles at present under construction. Telegraphs: China has an adequate telegraph service linking aU of its principal cities, with a line mileage of about 40,000. ' Post Offices: r^rfl^T,. Tt V^^^!* °f "*"• '° ^'^''' *""'"'''' °' 'o^'S" P<«t Office* in the treaty ports. The Umted States has its own post office in Shanghai, to which letters can be sent at domestic rates. Money: The currency of China is at present in a very unsettled state. The former official unit wa^ the copper cash, of which about 1.220 equaUed one Haikwan (customs) tael, and about 35 equalled one cent. The haikwan tael in 1917 had a value of $1.03 U. S. currency. There are three varieties of the dollar current in China: the yuan, with a value of about $0.77 U. S. currency; the British, with a value of about $0.78 U. S. currency. These values, however, all fluctuate according to the exchange market and the price of silver. There are likewise in circulation fractional silver coins of 50, 25, 20 and 10 cents. Banks: There are four varieties of banks in China: (1), The large foreign banks in the treaty ports- (2), national banks estabUshed by the Chinese government and serving both the eoverkment and the foreign banks, the most important of which is the Bank of China; (3), large native banks which handle loans and discounts; (4), small native banks which deal in dollars, sUver, and sell exchange in small amounts on interior cities. Weights and Measures: Weights and measures are: 10 ssu- 1 hu; 10 hu- 1 hao; 10 hao» 1 U (nominal cash); 10 11 - 1 fen (candaren) ; 10 fen = 1 chien (mace) ; 10 chien = 1 Uang (tael) = lHoz. avoirdu- pois by treaty; 16 Uang = 1 chin (catty) - IH lbs. avoirdupois by treaty; 100 chin = 1 tan (picul) - 133>i lbs. avoirdupois by treaty. Capacity: 10 ko- 1 sheng; 10 sheng= 1 tou (holding from 6 >^ to 10 kin of rice and measuring from 0.91 to 1.31 gallon). Commodities, even liquids, are commonly bought and sold by weight. Length: 10 fen- 1 ts'un (inch); 10 ts'un -1 ch»ih (foot) -14.1 inches by treaty; 10 ch>ih-l chang = 2 fathoms; lU- approximately one-third of a mile. Consular Representatives: United States consular officials are stationed at Amoy, Antung, Canton, Changsha, Chefoo, Chungking, Foochow, Hankow, Harbin, Mukden, Nanking, Shanghai, Swatow, Tientsin, Peking, Tsinanfu. Chinese consular officials are stationed at San Francisco, Honolulu, New York City, Portland, Manila, Seattle. Language: EngUsh is ordinarily employed in commercial correspondence. Local Advertising Media: Although there are some 500 dailies published in China in the native languages, the most important are three in Shanghai, two each in Canton, Tientsin, Pekin and Hankow. There are two good English dailies in Shanghai and two in Hong Kong. Posters and electric display signs, as well as posters in railway stations and tram cars are extensively employed as media. Shipping Routes: From New York Barber Line American and Oriental Line American and Manchurian Line American-Asiatic Steamship Co. Ocean Steamship Co., Ltd. Goods may also be shipped via the Canadian Pacific, Northern Pacific, Great Northern, Sante Fe, Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul and the Western Pacific Railways, with connecting steamers at Pacific ports. 1 444 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Customs Tariff: The revised Chinese tariff provides wherever possible for specific duties; ad valorem duties having been retained only when goods consist of several grades. All revaluatio^ have been based on an effective 5 per cent. The tariff is again to be revised two yZ after the conclusion of a definite peace. ^ " Constilar Regulations: No consular documents are required. The Chinese government prohibits the im- portation of salt. This does not apply to Hong Kong, which is a British possession. The miportation of firearms and ammunition must be authorized by the Chinese government Cable Rate: Rates from New York and New England States range from $1.22 to $1.66 per word according to route and destination. ' Postal Rate: For Shanghai, domestic rates; for other places Postal Union rates Mail Time: To Hong Kong 26 or 33 days; to Shanghai, 25 or 28 days. Parcels Post: rhin^'T/"^"*' *° ^'■'"''- '^* '™" °' ''•'«''* '» 22 pounds for the greater part of ?K A*, , ! ^ ^*^^ °' ''^"°'' "'*'^f- Pace's fof post offices situated transmitted by way of Hong Kong and Indo China, through the Chinese postal service' are subject, regardless of weight, to a charge of 50 cents each, Chinese cuirency, to b^ ttns^war ' ^■^"""'"^ ^"' '"">•' ■">»««• »'t. fire""™' and T.Z Money Orders: Issued. International reply coupons: Issued. HONG KONG A colony of Great Britain in China at the mouth of the Canton river about ninety ^il^^n^^^ T"""' • '^f "^IT ^P^ *^^ ^^^ °' ^^'^^ Kong, ceded to G«at Bntam m 1841 the pemnsula of Kowloon, ceded to Great Britain in 1861; and a portion of Chmese territory with an area of 356 square miles and a population of about 90,000 C^ese, leai^d by Great Britain for 99 years from 1898. The total area of the colony 18 391 square miles. - wiwujr Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Hong Kong for eleven J' "HITS. Year Ended June 30 Exports Domestic Foreign Total 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. . 1919. . Imposts Free Dutiable 17.231,664 6.422.514 7,720,979 10.286.450 10.384.450 10,637.636 8,084,643 11,917,564 14,147,157 20,197^696 $36,138 44.651 35,159 47,093 46,599 58,578 100.672 91,421 77,118 78,042 $7,267,802 6,467,165 7,756,138 10,333.543 10.431,049 10,696,214 8,185,315 12,008,975 14,224,275 20,275,638 24,721,067 ToUl $687,169 1,339,202 1,605,827 1.856.112 2.448,941 1,332,951 632,875 1.974.452 3.004.555 9.982.324 $1,081,860 992.571 1.112.488 1.258.679 1,570.591 1.752.889 1,411,714 3,426,722 4,607,841 8,103,950 Per Cent, Free Ezoeas of Exports (♦) or Imports (-) $1,769,019 2,331,773 2,718,315 3,114,691 4,019,532 3,085,840 2,044,589 5,401,174 7,512,396 18.086,274 26.066.355 38.84 57.43 59.08 59.59 60.93 43.20 30.95 36.56 39.99 55.19 -$5,498,783 -4.135.392 -5,037.825 -7.218.852 -6,411.517 -7.610,374 -6,140.726 -6.607,801 -6,711,879 ♦2,189.364 -1,345,293 HONG KONG 445 Hong Kong is a free port (except as regards the importation of tobacco and intoxicat- in. Uquor) and one of the most important ports of the world. It is ^j^^ «^PP^g ^^^^^l^^^J The Orient, and to a large extent the entrepot for aU tnuie with Chma and the East Indian Ar^pelago. The best time to visit Hong Kong is from November to March During the summer months the heat is excessive and rain is frequent; and in September the Typhoon frequently causes damage. The language of commerce is Enghsh. No official statistics of the foreign trade of Hong Kong were kept untU 1918. The following table showing imports and exports by countries of origin and destmation is the first officially issued: — ----=^== Country Imports Exports Total United Kingdom Australia Canada. . . • • New Zealand India and Ceylon Burma Straits SettiemenVs and Federated Malay States. British North Borneo West Indies China Japan and Korea Netherlands East Indies French Indo-China Siam Philippine Islands Vladivostock United States Central America South America France Italy Europe (other) $21,574,623 6,028,305 545,243 40,858 17,526,355 600,870 109,670 13,203,089 1,461,868 45,498,313 47.721,657 6,419,782 74,305,976 17,485,964 2,646,177 8,689 40,571,542 12,461 147,306 30.472 197,631 Total . $296,136,751 $5,406,171 1,762,109 3,214,598 198,934 11,062,278 1,632,405 1,960.130 15,086,849 486,913 1,286,082 179,875.384 21,843,187 7,738,101 28,452,116 5,476,418 7,309.634 1,142 26,326,590 716,679 4,425,627 1,593,005 45,023 $325,899,375 $26,980,794 7,790,414 3,759,841 239,792 28,588,633 2,233,275 2,069.800 28,289,938 1.948,781 1.286.082 225,373.697 69,564,844 14,157,883 102,757,992 22,962,382 9,955.811 9,831 66,898,132 716,679 4,438,088 1.740,311 75,495 197.631 $622,036,126 The total normal foreign trade of the colony has been estimated at about $600,000,000 annually, of which about $10,000,000 represents exports of the produce of the colony and about $20,000,000 represents imports for consumption within the colony. Hong Kong is the center of the Chinese tea and silk trade, and of trade in opium, amber, oil, cotton and cotton goods, sugar and flour, salt, oil, ivory, betel-nut, timber, hemp and coal. Shipping is its most important industry, and there are cotton, flour, sugar and paper mills located there. Other industries are brewing, the manufacture of cement, knit goods, rope and shipbuilding. The currency consists of the British, Hong Kong and Mexican dollars, with a sub- sidiary currency of 50, 20, 10 and 5 cent pieces. The weights and measures of Great Britain are in general use. Other weights and measures are: The tael=lH oz. avou-du- pois; the picul-133^1b8.; the catty -1^ lbs. avoirdupois; the chek=14| inches; the Cheung =12 A feet. For shipping routes, see under China. WEIHAIWEI A concession in the Chinese province of Shantung comprising an area of about 285 square mUes with a population (1911) of 147,177 inhabitants, leased to Great Britam by China in 1898 The native city of Weihaiwei is a walled town of about 2,000 inhabitants There is an additional zone of 1,500 square miles within which Great Britain has the right » 1 " ^- V 446 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS to erect fortification, take measures for the defence of the territory and acauire ri-rhf L" oTrZd^;:rr""'^ ""^ '-''^^- ^^^ ^^-i^iat^tioTtzThe"; MACAO 4 square mdes; population, 74,886. Its trade is chiefly in the C^'^I:cl!L plus^rnsrcTa^""' '" """' '"^' *" ^''^'«' -■> ^^^'-^ "' '"e regular 12 cent rate CEYLON to NovTmL br^me r^n fT'' T° "''"''' ^'""^ """"^ *" ^"°« '^<' '«"» September i.>^ .xuveiuoer, out some ram falls nearly every month. The best 3ea«>n for visiting Ceylon is from October to February or March Th« language of for^.gn commerce is English; of the people, Singhalese ZtLi '" althou h t^f sir it:!".": X, "^'r:: .-■>- r '^--f onaUties, smaUer merchants through their shZ. '"'* '"'"^ '''''' "'* '"^ Area and Population CEYLON 447 Commerce United States statistics of foreign trade do not separately classify trade with Ceylon. Total foreign trade for 10 years: Year Imports Exports Total Trade balance 1908. 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. $39,717,260 40,697,439 48,728,475 50,931,526 56,880,615 60,368,312 65,905,553 53,089,540 68,617.895 59.735,959 $41,839,625 47.659,140 64,008,935 58,568,763 64,547,602 75.588,731 70,844,514 88,692,283 96,520,835 98,679,791 $81,556,885 88,356.579 102,737.410 109,500,289 121.428.217 135,957.043 126,750,067 141,781,823 165,138,730 168.415.750 $2,122,365 6.961,701 5,280.460 7.637,237 7,666,987 15,220,419 14,938,961 35,602,743 27,902,940 38,943,832 Principal imports for two years: Articles 1916 Quantity .\nimal8, live number Food and drink: ^ ^ • . . Bacon hundredweignt Beer and ale gallons Biscuits pounds Butter ., Coffee „ Confectionery • Curry stuffs hundredweignt Fish: ,. Cured Tinned pounds Other hundredweight Fruit: Fresh ;; Preserved Ghee Grain and flotir: ^, Beans ,, Bran „ Gram Oats P^dy Peas „ R»ce „ Wheat flour Ham Meat, frozen Milk, preserved ,•••,•••.;• Onions hundredweight Potatoes II Seeds, sesame Spirits: Brandy gallons Gin II W^hiskey • • • . . Sugar hundredweight Wine, champagne gallons Manufactured articles: ,, Acids Automobiles number uOOlCS .•••••••••••••••■* Brick and tiles *' Candles hundredweight Casks and shooks number Cement hundredweight Chemists' sundries || Chinaware Cycles and parts .• • • • Earthenware pieces Electrical jioodfl .hundredweight 105,264 1,235 170,803 1.387,191 469,222 1,698,665 1,013,038 209,647 267,344 343,905 81,857 6,370 11,819 3,032 30,897 71,038 100,742 15,261 748,725 194,630 8,073.964 192,099 1,629 4.766 317,086 107,643 23,102 82,882 130,617 167,876 648,934 2,744 66,522 661 676,364 4,626.808 16.416 15.470 315.698 10.038 17,071 1,276,441 3,848 Value 1917 $356,822 44,297 136,961 246,268 140,768 316,201 177,684 765.521 681,960 59,848 772,400 26,656 105,249 39,661 76,361 93,140 170.209 37.952 813,571 447,206 19,841,695 566,011 69.126 85.797 176,428 308,621 177,116 74,163 156,870 152,948 306,848 2,524,627 20,608 175,091 604,760 184,248 108,436 141,059 166,732 311,223 394.620 178.156 175,673 46,091 91,746 Quantity 139,244 665 89,267 171,179 322,527 1,818,733 353,565 212,091 231,608 186,279 77.543 1.759 9,185 2,715 10,997 64,883 170,459 18.005 782,062 106,283 7,764,121 182,572 546 3.037 292,096 98,171 20,737 38,871 76.773 125,884 405,338 1,906 33.413 88 515,747 4,865,235 12.911 8.467 244.336 6.826 9,690 1.866.827 1.368 Value $261,971 26.577 92.540 27.766 94.059 314,752 59,123 716.322 601,782 26,067 735,292 11.809 70,499 35,317 29.995 80.701 279.531 43,782 841,532 242,622 19,268,795 633,813 23,300 67.600 206.234 284,297 159,285 63,424 66,645 60,846 238.143 2,405.794 17,531 127,801 92,171 242.680 111.220 162.473 93.703 304,640 286,792 129,213 133.142 62,334 49,810 h t Continued on page 448 ! 448 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Table Continued; Manufactured articles (Contiiiued) • Embroidery '.^ iiiiplosives Fancy articles. . . II! : ! ! !! ! ! ! : ! : 1 1 :cti^ fVi™*"'^ piecS GuTnybags;;;:::::::::'^-^^-«^«^* Haberdashery ?ewli^"^ ^°^°«*-- • • ■•■::::::::: :^^ Le^Eer^oods.;;. •'•••• ■••dumber matciies. . gross boxes Musical instruments Painters' colors .'hiindr^ Weight n*If ' reams Perfumery ^^^ Shoes**'' ^®^*™® hundredweight Soap...;////,;;; • ••j^^^^^ Watches .....////////.nuthS Metals: Barbed wire hundredweight 2.353,110 10,992 6,508 22,181 23,294 764 203,127 61,922 308,720 Brass ware . Hardware. , Iron: Galvanised . Hoop , Lead: Pig Tea Nails and rivets. Steel, cast . . . . Steel ware . . . . Tin slabs. . . Other Tobacco and manufactures: ciSS""; .•:::;;:::;::::::;:::>«";.■«'» Tobacco — manufactured. ....... " Not manufactured " * " Raw materials and miscellaneous: Coal ^ ^^^°— Ra'^- • • . .".'.'.'.".'.hundredwdght Hides .!!!!.*.'.'! " Fertilizers .... •• 19,342 176,790 4.658 479,597 140,951 27,746 3,089 3,084,143 27,934 13,535 10.873 2,829 51,441 53,257 51,970 105,297 13,229 33,301 55,731 488 710 OU: Castor Gasoline Kerosene Liquid fuel ................ Lubricating !..!..!!! ' Precious stones gallons 41 Rubber . .pounds Seeds: ^^°^ hundredweight Timber. . All other. .tons 256,779 31.226 23.423 2,973 575,677 7,477 1,682 245 2,025,063 5,389 776,092 4,960,786 4,965,184 262,743 4,4b'9,i82' 63,446 1,387 7,540 $171,047 204,462 156,794 26,363 220.209 164,552 879.995 86,877 133,246 71,357 72.302 975.311 131,263 58,349 186,829 361,006 93,735 622,389 221,329 317.807 141.041 1,330.771 175.336 49.365 66.194 127,941 721,999 417.967 269,368 792,237 135,916 191,605 194,363 12,412 31.019 499,121 346,382 31,360 19,819 880 4,859,721 92,405 11,190 2,019 3,626,803 37,513 232,293 1,100,780 206,554 116,898 113,254 2,682,695 60,484 42,172 340,735 308,928 11.411 119.898 4.360 444,886 91,700 10,961 2,236 2,660.784 15.791 12.567 1.638 1.150 26.622 20.254 21,050 129,888 5,391 11,891 9,654 867 1,483 288,812 32,676 15.069 3,134 311,595 6,655 1,744 109 928,070 4,291 884,093 4,201.472 6.654,306 314,398 3.501.117 27,833 358 6,356 $63,004 155,533 123,223 15,966 142,889 126,924 835,836 75,209 127,522 38,089 75.137 725,127 198,865 29,895 149,214 255.777 75,636 577,340 161,405 164.406 129.400 1.745.126 151,845 55,733 6.813 67.60.5 497.043 206.315 169.319 946,723 63,794 101,584 57,257 16,579 77,445 464,709 329,991 37,300 10,875 1,944 3,303,707 124,376 21,877 3,473 1,606,304 32,316 483,825 996,496 388,598 163,686 118,508 2,008,206 47,550 10,664 298,667 217,697 Continued on page 449 CEYLON 449 fable Continued: Articles 1916 Quanitity Value 1917 Quantity Value It Textiles: Apparel • • Lace and net yards Piece goods: „ Dyed . Bleached Gray Printed Muslin Other Silk and satin yards Thread cases Woolens • • Yarn and twist, dyed pounds Mixed materials All other articles 2,236.653 19,557,021 10,142,209 2,834,123 7,764,965 133.427 1.442 i'05,396 $597,299 107,797 1,623,111 732,723 202,050 720,404 10,589 405,298 273,843 239,126 159,369 36,636 349,990 6,096,728 1,209,552 14,919,202 12,186,767 2,281,884 6.237,759 30,381 447 i53,748" $415,038 54,106 1,867,912 1,268,207 275,732 677,578 5,606 462,002 171,410 49,195 142,811 52,700 330,297 5,129,408 Distribution of foreign trade by countries of origin and destination: CountriM Imports From 1916 1917 Exports To 1916 1917 British Empire : United Kingdom Australasia British Africa British America British India Burma Hong Kong Maldive Islands Straits Settlements Other British possessions. Africa (not British) Austria-Hungary Belgium Borneo China Cochin-China Denmark France Germany India (not British) Italy Japan Java Malta. $15,310,683 738,987 476,849 8,858 26,673,671 10,062,978 587,975 769,907 5,512,012 16,266 9,326 39,932 880,824 384,788 21,574 20,822 353,598 13,775 251,676 156,996 2,963,689 1,057,911 Mozambique Netherlands Norway Persia Philippines Russia : In Asia In Europe Siam Spain Sumatra Sweden Switserland South America United States of America. All other countries 175,843 533,618 293,481 321,426 5,253 35,034 184.051 330.854 29.931 94.321 196.792 254.264 93,988 2,509,606 13,796 $10,585,962 492,847 810,452 1,434 21,734,688 12,158,588 280,863 730,666 4,195,313 42,592 33 533 3,364 1,002,511 60,267 100 6,835 214,606 3,713 165,382 78,736 3,257,615 773,888 $42,733,792 5,228,555 1,802,397 957,805 3,404,326 34,812 314,056 89,466 307,642 9,750 13,664 23,503 1,619,722 $29,410,571 5.950.144 1,671.285 3.161.585 6.597.718 80.351 242.244 116.285 429,626 502,448 13.043 1.313,785 4,699,250 123,285 363,281 41,525 113,577 4,870 609 55,906 211,200 12,309 424,152 196,140 96,999 1,778 1,810,341 10,658 24,277 161,352 309,396 6,778 27,628 102,075 35,441 723,166 362,006 2,487.954 172,853 161 194,978 1,838,500 3.859,187 1,180 116,861 1,752 2,810 7,125 32,032 27,112,314 8.505 7,031 375,401 330,542 2,766 555 220,599 476,296 89,020 3,486 233,755 1,411,394 1,165,852 1,213 18,594 15,260 1.323 281,463 33.162,544 2,216 450 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS CEYLON— FRENCH INDO-CHINA 451 Principal exports for two years: Commerce Articles 1916 Quantity Value Animals, live number ^reca nuts hundredweight Cacao •• Cardamons •• Cinnamon •• Cocoanut: Desiccated •* r> Kt^^ number ^Bee hundredweight Coir: ^^ Fiber •• Hope •• Yam " Copra Fertilixers " Fish, cured " Kitue (fiber) »• Oili^ vegetable: Cinnamon ounoea Citronella pounds Cocoanut hundredweight Palmyra fiber " Plumbago ** Poonac , . , •• S"^}*®*" . • • , pounds eneus, chank number Skins, dressed hundredweight Jf*;, pounds Textiles *>™ber tons lobacco pounds All other articles Total 445 123,205 73.245 3.901 44.758 306,149 4.694.297 30 215,444 15,109 80.912 1.309,939 1,226 2,670 1.590 183,006 1,366,014 323,017 2,094 668,216 80,386 58,504,835 1.520.511 8,146 203.256,347 2,429' 2,752,195 $15,174 906.906 916.543 162.831 407.389 2,824.330 135,582 560 202.936 49,019 262,243 7,094,856 2,042 32.601 30,912 16,688 421,064 2,898,698 16.446 7,298,128 121,191 36,218.864 35.112 179.594 34.151.949 138.857 27.980 160.931 1.789.409 1917 Quantity Value 873 154.000 72.697 3.369 29,716 272,059 5.289.481 53 137.721 14.140 26,336 1,078.704 $96,520,835 2.747 293 173.529 1.197.507 434.609 568 523,940 43.927 75,781.401 1.870,084 4 332 195.23 1^592 $15,857 968.377 585,857 119.816 313.977 3.037.021 104,140 989 135.724 45.875 78.606 4,287,548 2,890 3.463.015 39.392 11.806 18.760 380.614 3,270.5a5 4.359 7,071.803 50.113 44.543.785 50.690 186,910 31.036.417 51.982 21.110 216,502 2,041,254 $98,679,789 Production and Industry Of the total area of 16,212,000 acres, about 3,000,000 are under cultivation The m oStT""" TC ^^" '"^ "" '°"°*'^ "** •^'^y- ™2,I65 acres; other grain, 133,028 acres; cacao, 44 280 acres; cinnamon, 39,930 acres; tea, 308,779 acni; cocoZ^ 904,674 acres; rubber, 251,500 acres. The livestock in 1917 consisted of 1 577 464 head „«:? n%'H''"f h'^"','''''* ''"^' '-''' """^ '^'^ '^'^ «oats. The hind isT ^ most part divided into large estates. In 1917 there were 1,256 registered factories of which 1,028 were for the preparation of rubber, tea and cacao, 119 for the preparation of cocoanut fibre and oil. 46 enrineerine and saw nulls, 11 printing establishments and 23 establishments engaged Vn the Zu facture of aerated water and ice. Native manufactures include weaving, basket work, jewelry, lacquer ware, etc. There are about 2,500 plumbago mines, and monazite sand ^I^^J" moonstones are hkewise mined. Pearl fishing is an industry of great Railways, Post Offices, Telegraphs: f.i '"^ l^^ffi'^'^TuTnfo^ ^^^^ ^^^- ^^^"^ ^^'^^ ^" 1917, 524 post offices and 147 telegraph offices with 6,953 miles of wire. ^ »"u it Money, Weights and Measures: The weights and measures are those of Great Britain. The unit of currency is the Indian rupee which m Ceylon is divided into 100 cents. It has a par value of $0 32 U S currency. w/.u* v>. k?. Language: English is the language of foreign trade. Shipping Routes: American & Indian Line. Grace Line. Nippon Yussen Kaisha. Cttstoms Tariff: The customs tariff of Ceylon provides for ad valorem duties of 5H per cent, upon some commodities, and specific duties based upon weight on others. The import tariff is based upon the "true wholesale market value" which is defined as follows: (a) The wholesale cash price, less trade discount, for which goods of like kind and quality are sold, or are capable of being sold, at the time and place of importation, without any abatement or deduction whatever except of the amount of the duties payable on the importation thereof; or (b) Where such price is not ascertainable, the cost at which goods of like kind and quaUty could be deUvered at such place without any abatement or deduction except of the duties as aforesaid. Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required. Cable Rates: From New York or New England states, $0.66 cents per word. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: 24 days. Parcels Post: Goods can be sent by parcel post to Ceylon via England at the regular 12 cent rate plus transit charges. Money Orders: Issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. MALDIVE ISLANDS The Maldive Islands, 400 miles west of Ceylon, a group of 13 coral islets with a popu- lation of over 70,000 Mohammedans, which produce millet, fruit and nuts, are a dependency of Ceylon. FRENCH INDO-CHINA A group of states, possessions of France, in southeastern Asia bordering on the China Sea and bounded by Siam, Burma and China. In area the colony is slightly smaller than the state of Texas. There are two seasons, the dry from October to April, and the wet from April to October. The climate of Cochin-China and Cambodia, in the south, is tropical. The principal products of French Indo-China are rice, of which it is one of the world's largest producers, rubber, fish, minerals, timber, cattle, spices, sugar, and tea. The prin- cipal imports are manufactured articles of all kinds. The principal cities of commercial importance are Saigon, Haiphong, Hanoi, Pnompenh and Hu^. French is the commercial language of Indo-China. Trade is largely in the hands of French and other European houses. ^.^ 452 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS FRENCH INDO-CHINA 453 Area and Population The colony of French Indo-China consists of Cochin-China, the protectorates of Annam, Cambodia, Tonking and Laos, and the district of Kwang-Chan-Wan, leased from China. The total area is 256,000 square miles. The principal cities, with population are as follows: In Cochin-China; Saigon, popula- tion about 100,000; Cholon, about 168,000, of whom about 75,000 are Chinese. InAnnam, Hue, population about 60,000, the port of Tourane; and Bink-Dinh, population 74,000. In Cambodia; Phompenh, population 62,255. In Tonking; Hanoi, population about 15,'ooo' Commerce United States statistics of foreign commerce do not separately classify trade with French Indo-China, including it under the general classification "French East Indies." Total foreign commerce for eight years: Year Imports Exports Total 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. $46,066,453 47.119,537 52,726,427 59,103,947 51.433.182 43.312,589 64,646.464 72.096,223 $56,075,554 48,278,274 50,321.959 66.635.035 64,141,086 66,603,040 75.459,423 83.028.606 Values of principal articles of import for five years: $102,142,007 95,397,811 103,048,386 125,738,982 115,574.268 109.915,629 140.105,887 155,124.829 Articles 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 Cotton fabrics Jute fabrics Gold leaf Petroleum and gasoline Silk cloth Iron and steel Raw opium Metal, manufactured Arms, powder and ammunition Cotton thread Sugar Porcelain Machinery Wines Wheat flour Woolen cloth Vegetables Areca nuts, dried Paper, etc., Chinese Linens Manufactured rubber Tea Table prints Automobiles and parts Books, papers, etc Cigarettes Vermicelli Medicines Medicines. Chinese Chemicals Linen fabrics Skins and hides Matches and jewelry Hemp and flax thread Soaps and perfumes Volatile essence Copper Straw baskets, hats Distilled beverages $7,038,324 $5,338,766 2.140.370 3,196.080 1,630,657 1.351.264 1.182,318 1.039,498 2,485,261 2,238.607 1.038,147 632,847 217,318 1,316,646 1,724.069 1,633,552 1,097,012 1,157.614 900,731 1,135.998 860.587 730.505 1.182.511 840.708 888.765 930.260 876.413 573.017 949,946 672,991 894.555 713,135 599,265 602,739 876.220 641,532 575,912 498,133 741,120 609,301 247.233 248,970 1.164.369 576,298 439.847 354,155 317.871 292,974 357.436 385,035 372,876 677,430 271,744 249,935 351.646 524.960 423.828 357,050 538,891 405,300 518.398 478,640 472.271 476.903 196.667 146,294 426.144 317,678 313.432 199,562 132.398 146.680 198,597 127,573 232,565 207.089 462,428 406,072 $3,142,812 1.673.117 1,207,408 990.090 2,406.903 505,660 1,195.442 944.928 492.729 1,482,819 640,760 874.869 394,685 546,190 456,252 490,027 455,866 568,578 606.143 476,903 208.440 469,955 394,299 230,349 368,823 335,820 296,255 237.769 328.872 425,565 131,240 192,421 140.504 357.629 277,920 130,468 69,866 221,950 223.108 $6,745,736 3,254,366 1,451.939 1.934,825 2,249.801 1.236.744 1.330.735 1.487.451 694.414 1.728,122 1,024,251 1,174,212 967,316 670,096 525.153 1.321,084 599,072 956,122 550.822 1,035.638 293.746 436.466 414.950 244,145 298,378 330,416 348.944 290,272 358,015 464,744 920.610 293.695 215.967 311.116 265,761 177,367 225.038 262,673 279,657 $9,903,673 2.660,698 2.414,237 2,160,021 2.001,024 1,751,282 1.614.252 1,436.885 1,319,848 1,233,056 1,103.188 1.090,450 1,057.640 954,771 802,108 741,084 728,382 564,718 548,699 462,621 453,250 431,741 408,774 405,107 356,857 329,644 322,696 314,.590 314,783 294,325 291.044 289,886 287,184 250,497 246.268 216,546 210.949 209.212 186,631 fable Continued: Paper • Candles Paper, fancy.... Tooacco, in packages . . . Jute thread and twine . . Hemp, combed Milk, condensed Dyes, prepared Glass, bottles Joes sticks Colors Umbrella* Tin •: Syrup, candies • Glassware • . . Wood, manufactured . . Games, etc Electric lamps Animals Bicycles and parts .... Potatoes Coal Tortoise shell Salted butter Fish Beer Coffee Flax and hemp fabrics. Mineral waters Chinese tobacco Cigars Silk thread Oil cakes Raw wax Playing cards Cement Sweet biscuits Cheese Chocolate $406,774 90.324 253.409 259.199 186.824 215.774 168.296 100.939 156.523 151.119 513.187 260.164 188,368 152.470 245.110 87.236 275.411 46.127 93.605 297.992 169.068 72.954 89.359 112.519 155.751 189.333 143.785 77.586 90.131 77.200 92.061 57,707 33.968 20.265 253.409 129.310 65.813 63.690 39.951 $266,147 77.972 215.581 257,269 199.562 160.190 198.790 119.853 208.054 161.927 199.369 182,578 161.155 97.079 157.874 114.835 202.071 107.501 64,269 257.269 158.260 150.154 56.356 99.781 106.922 99.202 125.836 69.673 89.552 55.391 95,921 48,250 12.352 39,565 102.097 118,695 55.198 56.163 23.160 $251,865 136,837 250.900 206.317 149.189 197.439 73.141 68.708 86.464 169.261 133.749 79.130 111.554 180.648 100.360 84.341 111.361 38.986 89.359 154.786 136.065 51.917 126.029 109.624 89.745 61.567 59.058 44,583 115.800 64.848 44.197 130.468 59.830 54.233 71.217 49,987 61,567 36,863 41,688 Values of principal articles of export for five years: Articles 1913 1914 1915 1916 $281,201 106.729 300,115 214,616 130,889 178.139 163.857 300,887 119.274 159.997 159.804 155.199 174.858 72,954 95.149 82.990 110.203 103.834 101,132 112.712 90.131 128.731 109.624 111,782 116.958 33.389 66.199 66.778 101.711 62,725 66,006 41.302 43.618 40.530 137.609 30.880 122.362 78.165 22.774 1916 1917 $183,350 176.981 165,594 164.050 159.804 158.453 156.523 155,172 141.083 138.381 137.416 122.555 116.379 112.712 109.624 109,238 101.711 101.518 100.746 95.149 86.078 81.060 80.867 79.323 76.235 68.708 66.778 65.234 61.953 61.567 59.637 52.303 46.513 39.758 39.372 38.600 34.740 21.037 18.914 1917 Rice Fish, dried, salted, etc. . . Coal Rubber Leather Zinc Cinnamon bark Cement Hides, raw Cotton thread Animals, live Shrimp, dried Tortoise shell Cardamon Tea Pepper Hides, tanned Maine ■ Cotton Copra Cotton and wool fabrics . Essence of aniseed Medicines Wood Silk fabrics $34,038,831 2.290.138 1.284,994 185.859 1.057.447 654.358 289,728 596.177 547.663 660.832 309,765 325,784 223,687 151,698 125.643 725.873 275.218 3.086.649 345.592 326.942 530.171 488.676 100,360 134,907 106,114 $37,026,278 $36,277,152 $35,858,242 2.322.369 2.201.551 1.862,064 1,338,262 1.745,492 1.836.395 169.068 327.135 635.356 1.073.659 882.975 313,818 463.200 830.479 1,332.665 387.930 496.589 904,784 473,815 614.319 609,687 816.583 744.980 656,007 831.444 691,326 1,038.340 303.782 617.214 541.944 303,975 300.308 392.176 190.684 254.953 237.583 101.325 190.684 223.301 165.401 325,012 354.541 564.332 748,840 499.291 168,875 405.300 821.757 2,297,665 1.458,887 960.561 217,318 134,521 175.051 487,138 455,287 394,878 180.069 178,718 902.275 113,870 158,453 125.257 103.255 121,204 162.892 145.715 129.696 152.663 133.170 47,092 89.359 $43,215,209 1.783,706 1.437.078 1.077.905 884.133 872.167 720,276 715.837 613.547 514.731 496.396 380.982 360.524 340.259 332.732 318.643 315.362 287,763 236.425 198.983 198.597 197.439 167.910 145.908 135.100 I? |i '' >' Continued on page 453 Continued on page 454 454 Table CovUinued: EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Artidefl 1913 1914 1915 1916 Fish oils , Beans Straw and bark! . . Wood, manufactured. Fish, prepared Cuvao Feathers \'.\\ Glue, fish Birds eggs Sea salt Rattan Raw silk Candied fruits Sesame Oils for lacquer Castor oil Coffee Other hides Fish, fresh Siigar $298,185 48,250 258,620 143,013 142.820 129,503 91,289 31,073 61,338 105,571 88,201 358.594 195 60,216 85,692 58,865 85.499 69.094 299,150 149,189 $385,035 65,620 77,779 513.435 62.339 614,593 75.463 27.213 62,532 78.751 82.025 195,702 386 79,516 87,043 86,850 93,991 117,730 211,721 153,628 $442,549 48.250 86.078 120.239 77.972 143.206 48,057 42.653 46.127 93,412 100,396 279.271 56.935 150.733 263,638 48,250 140,118 70,445 318.064 212,493 $343,154 36,091 77,972 79,130 81.446 85.692 69.094 67,743 16,019 59.444 37.249 110,203 40,144 62,532 55,584 22.581 279.464 70.445 103.448 329,258 1917 $128,538 101,711 99.781 92.640 88.008 85,885 81,253 70,252 68,901 61,374 57.900 46.320 42,846 27.635 31.266 30,301 17,949 4,439 195 42.267 Importa and exports by principal countries in 1916 and 1917: Countries Imports 1916 1917 Countries Hong Kong . Singapore. . England ... China. British India Dutch East Indies ...... United States Japan ' Philippine Islands Other countries of Amer- ica Siam Switzerland Netherlands Italy ;.; Australia Other European countries Exports 1916 $14,855,210 5,703,343 2.657.224 4,163,975 1,875,960 1,138,121 914,434 1,156,070 47,478 118,695 131.819 162.120 29.529 63.304 6.369 70,638 Total I $33.114.289 $14,971,203 5,542,960 4.117,076 3,927.143 2,251,538 1,302,364 1.127,313 1,110,557 281,201 245,689 201.492 132,785 89,745 80,867 31,266 23,739 $35,437,547 1917 Hong Kong Singapore .' , . , Japan ] Dutch East Indies . . . . Philippine Islands China Siam American countries England Other European countries Other countries in Far „East British India Total $24,610,331 6.075,108 2.249.720 3.502,910 3.806,297 2.879,949 546.840 255,235 446.726 24,935 4.587 6,778 $44,409,416 $25,694,892 7.875.198 4.824.198 4,545,545 4,489,412 1,725.568 528.871 213.514 82.945 8.055 4,169 247 $49,992,614 Production and Industry .rt.fi"l''r''\-"^t-'^ ?!^"1 °' ^'"'•' Ind,vChina, being exclusively grown in aU the S^^, 7^^ ""^ '* :f """r**^ °'' ^'^-'^ "<"*«• Of the total La of Cochin- Chrna 3,760,985 acres are under cultivation, 4,319,274 acres are under forest, and 8,616 869 acres are not under cultivation. Rubber is now beginning to be extensi^Iy g^w„ ^ pecmUy m Cochm-Cluna where 173,000 acres have been reserved for its cultfva^n itt actuaUy grown on 42,577 acres planted with 5,180,380 trees. cuiuvation, it is Other important agricultural products are com and other cereals, mulberry, tobacco cinnamon sugar, timber, especiaUy teak, coffee, dyes, cocoanuts, sw;,t pote^ coZ' spic^ and tropical fruite. Pepper is an important product of Cambodia,'^h1^nu^ ^ ^^^r.^^ estimated at about 1,700,000 pounds; it is grown in some 60 villages^ SIS K'^ins^'*"" "■ ""^ •^'^ "^ '"""'»^"'' *■•' ■-"-• ""^"O" FRENCH INDO-CHINA—HEDJAZ 455 The raising of livestock is extensively carried on. In Cochin^hum there are some 709 380 pigs, and 11,243 horses. In Annam there are some 210,000 head of cattle. An ^^iaUy important product is raw silk, the annual production bemg approximately 2,000,800. pounds, of which about 1,800,000 pounds axe produced m Annam, and the rest ^ ^Sg on both coast and rivers is carried on, principaUy in CocHn^, where boats on the rivers and on the coast return an annual cateh valued at $540,000. Mineral resources are being developed. Iron, copper, go d and zmc salt and coal are mined in Annam, the latter near the port of Tourane as well as m Tonkmg, where the a^ual production exceeds 600,000 tons, and in the territory of Laos. Zmc is mined m Tanking the production in 1915 amounting to 39,300 tons. Gold, tm, precious stones, and lead' are mined in the territory of Laos. , , , ^,.. • i j n • u- Th^ principal manufacturing enterprises in French Indo^hma include 9 rice mills in Saigon and Cholon, saw mills, soap and varnish factories, and cotton miUs. Railways : Total mileage 933, of which state owned amounts to 747 miles^ ?SeIr%hs, Telephones, Post Offices: There are 376 telegraph offic^ and 8 719 mJes of hn?; 12 urban and 5 interurban telephone systems with a total hne mileage of 270, and 363 post offices. . ConsularRepresentatives:TheUnitedStatesmaintainsaconsulmSaigon,FrenchIndo-China. Language: French is ordinarily employed in commercial correspondence. Local Advertising Media: The principal newspapers and magazines of French Indo-China are published in the French language. ^^^T^L^a^no direct steamship services between New York and ports in French Indo- China. Shipments are ordinarily maxie via Singapore or Hong Kong. Customs Tariff: There are thirty-four main divisions of the tariff with specific duties based on weight on different articles. Consular Regulations: Same as given for France. ^ Cable Rates: Amiam, $1.11 per word; Cambodia, $0.99 per word; Cochm-Chma $1.03 per word, Laos, $0.99 per word, Tonking, $1.11 per word from New York and New England States. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Thirty-four days. x • r> « of +Kn Parcels Post: Goods can be sent to French Indo-China by parcel post via France at the regular 12 cent rate plus transit charges. Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. HEDJAZ The kingdom of the Hedjaz, in Arabia, achieved its independence of Turkey during the Great War. It has an estimated area of 96,000 square mUes and an estimated population of 300,000. It is of great sentimental importance to Moslems because of ite Posse^^^f the Holy cities of Islam, Mecca (population 80,000) and Medina (popdation 40 000). The independence of the comitry, dating from June, 1916, was recognized by the Peace Conference. The principal producte of the country are coffee, dat^ and olives; sheep are raised. The Hedjaz raUway, which connects the country with Damascus, has its termmus at Medina. 456 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDIA 457 INDIA British India, which includes the Empire of India and some 17 native «f..f^ ^hi u practically controlled by Great Britain, has a total area oTf^ fSi ^ 7 f' total noniilAfinn nf lie; i«;a qo^ t .^ 1,802,629 square miles and a Hnlr^. r A f /^'/^^^^- I'^ Po»^t «f view of area, it is about half as larire as the Umt^ States and Alaska; it has almost three times the population of the UnitS Ste^ The climate in general, is hot, but there are three well defined seasons. The h^ se^ or season of the southwest monsoon, is from March to May, inclusive; the r^^i •« from June to October, inclusive. The cool season from November to February, inclusive. This latter season is the best time for doing business in India, not only because of the rlimatic advantages, but because the requirements of the country, and its purchasmg power, which depend largely upon the success of the harvest, are known to the merchants after the monsoon. . An important characteristic which distinguishes the trade of British India and of the East Indies in general is its division into two classes; the native or bazaar trade, and the fipnarate trade of the British and other European high class retail shops. To reach the ^at native population, goods are sold through the large general import houses of European or native nationality. These import houses do not supply the European retail shops, and the manufacturer who desires to sell a product suitable both to the European and native trade must employ two different methods of marketing his goods. The principal cities are Bombay, Madras and Calcutta. Agriculture is by far the most important industry of India, and may almost be said to be the single industry of importance. In general it is carried on by the natives with great assiduity and intelligence, and the methods developed by long experience show some resemblance to those of contemporary scientific agriculture. The government l^af^oste^ the development of agrarian education, and the adoption of modem techmcal methods and equipment is becoming more and more common. Wheat is the principal agricultural crop, being grown chiefly in the Punjab, the United Provinces and the Central Provinces, which have become one of the world s mam sources of supply. Rice, which is most extensively cultivated in Burma, Bengal and Madras, is largely exported. The staple food grain of the native population is millet, which is grown on an area greater than that devoted to the cultivation of any other crop in a region extend- ing from Madras in the south to Rajputana in the north. Vegetables, oilseeds and spic^ are likewise of great importance. Fruit is extensively cultivated, as are palms, mdigo and sugar Cotton is the most important agricultural product from an mdustqal pomt of view and India, next to the United States is the world's most important source of supply. It is'grown chiefly in the plains of Gujairat, the Deccan, the Central Province and Berar. Second to cotton, jute is of prime importance. India is the world's great^t producer and it is grown in Bengal, Assam, Orissa and Madras. Tea planting is the industry which has attracted the greatest amount of foreign investment, and the teas of India and Ceylon have replaced those of China in the world markets. Coffee and cinchona are valuable products. Timber products, including teak, bamboo, rattan and deodar are important m Burma. Of mineral products coal is the most important, most of the production being mined in Bengal. Gold is mined chiefly in Mysore; iron exists throughout India f rom A^am m the north to Madras in the extreme south. Petroleum is extensively developed m Burma, and manganese in Madras, the Central Province and Burma. Next to agriculture, textile weaving is the most important industry of India. The principal center of the manufacture of cotton textUes being Bombay, and of jute manu- facture, Calcutta. The silk industry centers at Kashmir and in Burma^ Carpet-weavmg and the weaving of woolen textiles centers at Amritsar in the Punjab. Of less importance 458 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Area and Population Area and population of Provinces and States comprising British India. British Provinces Ajmer-Merwara Andamans and Nicobars.".' " Assam Baluchistan. ....!.... Bengal .'..'.'.'.'.'." Bihar and Orissa Bihar Orissa .,..'!. Chota Nagpxir ..." B«^bay (Presidency) . . .* .' .' ." Bombay Bind..: _ Aden Burma ....'.\\\ Central Provinces and Berai-' * J^ntral Provinces S*«J8 Madras North West Frontier PtoWiIto, r'unjab United Provinces." .' .' .' .' Agra Oudh Area in square miles Population in 1911 Total Provinces. 2.711 3.143 53,015 54.228 78.699 83.181 42,361 13.743 27.077 123.059 75.993 46,986 80 230.839 99.823 82.057 17.766 1,582 142,330 13,418 99.779 107,267 83,109 24,158 State Or Agency: Assam State (Manipur) Baluchistan States. . Baroda State . Bengal States Bihar and Orissa States Bombay States. Central India Agency Central Provinces States Z; ." Hyderabad State Kashmir State Madras States Cochin ; ■ ■ ■ ■ Travancore. Mysore State P^Sab's?a'J™"''"'''"^'-'~ Ww-'i" '°J' Tribal »^Ui siSiSSsutSf. ■"''•••• •••••■••■••■-••■•••••••:^ United Provinces States • - Total States , Total India. 1.093,074 8,456 80,410 8,182 5.393 28.648 63.864 77.367 31,174 82,698 84,432 10,549 1.361 7,594 29,475 25.472 36.551 128.987 2.818 5.079 501,395 26.459 6.713,635 414,412 45.483.077 34.490.184 23,752,969 5,131.753 5.605.362 19.672.642 16.113.042 3.513.435 46.165 12.11.'>.217 13.916.308 10.859.146 3.057,162 174.976 41,405.404 2.196.933 19.974.956 47.182,044 34.624.040 12.558.004 244.267.542 346.222 420,291 2,032,798 822..565 3.945,209 7,411.675 9,356.980 2.117.002 13,374,676 3.158,126 4.811,841 918.110 3,428,975 5.806,193 1.622.094 4.212,794 10,530.432 87.920 832,036 709,555 theJ^ql^^Vfi ^^''%^"^ ^°^°°K the population, 650, inese dyi,316 were from contiguous countries, 112 797 from the United Kingdom, 13,076 wen. of Europ;.n, 10,394 were of African and other origin. ■ 1.802,629 70,888.8 54 315.156.396 502 persons not born in India. Of from other Asiatic countries, 122,919 American or Australasian birth, and INDIA 459 Population of the principal cities and towns: Towns Population! I Towna Population Calcutta . Bombay Madras..... Hyderabad. . Rangoon Lucknow . . • . Delhi Lahore • • ,• • AhmedAbad . Benares. ... Bangalore. . Agra Cawpore AlIahAb^d.. Poona Amritaar. . . KariVchi Mandalay. . ,222.313 979.445 518.660 500.623 293.316 259.798 232.837 228.687 216,777 203,804 189,485 185,449 178,557 171,697 158,856 152,756 151,903 138.299 Jaipur Patna Madura Bareilly Srina^ar .... Trichinopoly. Meerut Surat Dacca N&gpur Jubbulpore . . Baroda Multan PeshAwar . . . Rawalpindi.. Aimer Morad&bAd . . I Ambala 137.098 136.153 134.130 129,462 126,344 123.512 116.227 114.868 108,551 101.415 100,651 99,345 99.243 97,935 86,483 86.222 81,168 80,131 Calicut Hyderabad (Bombay) Imphal Bhagalpur RAmpur Sh4hjah4npur Mysore JuUundur SiAIkot Aligarh (KoU) Kumbakonam Trivandrum SahAranpur Darbhanga Hubli SholApur Bhavnagar 78.417 75,952 74.650 74,349 74,316 71.778 71,306 70,208 60,318 64,869 64,825 64.647 63,561 62.850 62,628 61,440 61,345 60.694 Commerce Trade of the United States with British India. (Statistics are for fiscal years ending June 30.) . ^^.— —-—====== 1913 1914 1915 1916 Exports to. . . . Imports from. . $11,040,039 67.949.259 $10,854,591 73,630.880 $11,696,094 51,982.703 $19,297,016 71,745.626 1917 1918 1919 Calendar Year 1919 Exports to... Imports from . $28,396,043 102.106.682 $42,395,622 105.277.743 $50,501,740 125,471,468 $67,505,528 140.081.000 Value of the import and export ta-ade in merchandise for the years 1917-1918 and 1918-1919: _^ ^^=-== Classification Year Ended March, 1918 Year Ended March. 1919 EiPORTS. including re-exports Imports Actual net excess of exports over imports. $786,913,050 488,012.620 $298,900,430 $823,574,016 548.389.663 $275,184,353 Value of the principal imports of foreign merchandise during the twelve months ended March, 1919, as compared with the corresponding period the preceding year: Articles Value 1917-18 1918-19 Apparel (exclusive of haberdashery, hosiery, and boots and shoes) Carriages and carts (including cycles and motor cars) Chemicals Coal Drugs and medicines Dyes, aniline and aliearine Fruits and vegetables Glass and glassware Grain : Wheat Hardware I nstruments, apparatus, etc Liquors ; Machinery of all kinds, including belting for machinery Matches Metalt: Iron and steel Copper Oils, mineral Paper and pasteboard Provisions and oilman's stores Railway plant and rolling stock $4,204,980 3,279,696 8,832,698 216,073 4,327,291 3,173.282 3,347,503 5,270.744 134.640 5,594.853 8,109.536 16,984.085 7,618,993 25.169,538 2.090.324 11.811.644 7.498,304 5,754.474 1,610,162 I $5,952,702 2,231.777 8.086,825 731,922 4.758.140 3. 793, 599 3,022,745 4,042,764 3,266.097 10,408.795 7,033,714 10,709369 19,006,602 5.345.039 40,391,625 2.226.586 11.722.425 8.826.200 6.287.842 3.385.462 Continued on page 460 460 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDIA 461 Table Continued: Articles Salt... Spices , . Stationery. Value 1917-18 Sugar. 16 D. S.' and" above .' .' .' Tertiles': Cotton — Raw Twist and yarn . . Gray piece goods . White piece goods . . Colored piece goods . Other sorts of manufactures. Dilk — Raw Manufactures Woolen manufactures! S 7,140,128 6.168,775 2.091,297 48.786,014 1.973.528 1,334,394 13,935,061 59.800.525 46,085,106 52,382,357 11,156.289 I 3,768,294 9,256,732 6,804.016 igislnd'l gl^gfa™"'"*' ^"^^ "' merchandise to foreign countries for 1918-19 S 7.562.541 7,816,248 2,270,060 49.858,915 2,884.537 3,905,528 28.765.232 76,547.449 42.599.719 38,346,398 10,201,157 3,330,632 12,033.232 7.053.830 the years 1917- Articles Chemicals: saltpeter.. . Coal CofFee >-, . ii2*5 , Dyes: Indigo Myrabolans ........... Grain, pulse and floor: Rice, in the husk Rice, not in the husk . ..." * " Wheat Wheat flour Barley dram and maue Jawar and barja '. .' ' Pulse '.'.'.. Hides and skins: Hides, raw Skins, raw '.'.'.', Hides, tanned or dressed .. Skins, tanned or dressed Manures •»» Manganese ore . . . S?'^ram :;::::::: Mica Castor oil .'.*.'.".'.' Coconut oil . . . Oilcakes '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Opium Rubber, raw . . . .' ." .* .' .' .' .' .' .' ." .' .' ,' .' ; Seeds, total.. Cantor copSi.:::::::::::;:::;:::;- Cotton seed. ... Linseed. . . f^f^' :::::::::::::::: Textiles: Cotton—^ Raw (including waste) Twist and yarn Piece goods ..'.!!!!'. Hemp, raw .'.*.*.*.'.*' Jute, raw Gunny bags — Sacking Hessian " Gunny cloth — Sacking Hessian Wool, raw Wood, teak Other timber • •••••«. • ••••••«a,a ■ ••••• 1917-18 $2,879,022 769,556 3,221,947 1,505,370 4,957,666 1.534,245 484.379 67,030,198 61,651,417 4,896,997 13.108,080 14.404.840 685,277 11,867.447 10,010.715 16,036.739 15,911,508 6,401.262 1.537.165 2,779,421 3,525,292 2,799,536 1.242.580 1.974,826 2.301.205 7.811.381 5.261.984 26.674.584 5.729.817 682,284 46,718 8.088,325 11.652,024 67.335.806 138,394,825 24,542.408 17,967,767 2,577,298 20,938,278 42,681,476. 20,497,049 1.238.038 73.616.843 13,220.009 1.013.854 37.310 Value I 1918-19 $3,025,341 506,116 3,873.085 1.156,605 4,050.550 1.600,754 680,013 74,487,622 21,909,307 2,642,510 8,979,341 11,379,175 273.497 2.174.028 8.481,012 21,807,435 23.091,543 8.279,863 1,999,483 2,440,712 3,656,364 2,915,034 1.450.541 4.754,571 2,739,515 10,151,843 8,124.784 36.396.229 7.466.186 68.131 67.425 21,370,748 9,082,187 57,669,972 100.712,217 23,434,793 20,932.114 4.762.681 41.268,244 63.124.985 19.333.966 2.139.962 94,206.032 17.495.068 1,943.032 117.120 Principal imports for the years 1916 to 1918, inclusive fp^d, Drink and Tobacco Fruits and vegetables: Dates Liquors: Ale, beer, and porter. Spirit. Provisions and oilman's Stores: Biscuits and cakes -. Canned and bottled provisions Farinaceous and patent foods • . • ; • • • • •. .• • Milk, condensed and preserved, including milk cream Spices: Betelnuts Cloves • " • "sSar. 1ft D- S- ^^ *^^® MoU^ees 'T'g j^ .......•• • Other Food and Drink: Salt Tobacco: II. Raw*material8 and produce and articles mainly unmanufactured : Coal, coke and patent fuel: Coal OUs Kerosene • • •. • Other kinds of mineral oil Textile materials: Cotton, raw ' Silk, raw Wood and Timber: Wood (timber) Miscellaneous: Precious stones and pearls, unset Ill Articles wholly or mainly manufactured: Apparel : Boots and sboes ■ Gold and silver thread Carriages and carts: Motor cars and motor cycles and parts. . Chemicals, Drugs and Medicines: Chemicals . ••••.•. Drugs and medicines Cutiery, Hardware, Implements, etc.: Hardware Instruments, electrical v L* " " J * III. Articles whoUy or mainly manufactiired: Dyes and Colours: Alizarine dyes ; • Aniline dyes '• • Paints and colours Glassware and Earthenware: Glass and glassware Earthenware and porcelain Machinery of all kinds: . Prime movers, other than electrical Electrical machinery Textile machinery: Cotton Jute Others "•!"''«' Metals, Iron and Steel and Manufactures thereof: Bars and channel (steel) • Beams, pillars, girders, and bridgework Pipes and fittings, cast Sheets and Plates Metals o^er than Iron and Stew; Copper, wrought • v •,' VV' Tin. Unwrought, blocks, ingots, bars, and slabs Paper, Pasteboard and Stationery: Paper Stationery $2,146,482 1.698,244 4,023.214 913.820 1,975,920 2,483,800 1.613,233 1,181.130 3.982.740 1.212,885 46,365,595 1,634,967 926.422 6.125.033 3.320.633 298,141 9,676.711 4.887.041 671,097 3,524,107 2.450.373 2.218,774 1,749.823 1.336.004 6,503,647 5.947.371 4.748.297 9.667.973 3.816.436 222.772 1,022,995 3.109,685 4,623.731 1,642.932 1.503.907 1,294.198 4.122,791 3.617.400 97.870 1,698.540 513.930 1.275.361 9.242,407 682,066 1.143.401 6.990.317 2.548,185 $2,648,607 1,553.873 4.309.104 843,107 355,742 1.538.355 1.412,753 1.217,911 4.012.951 1,223.276 45.047,811 1,006,185 1,428,266 6.610.051 4,027,375 403,773 6.216.824 6.478,287 911.808 3,524,335 4,282,238 2,118,760 1,026,072 1,316,379 3,879,864 8,010,869 4,055,815 8,910,406 3,581,290 346,304 2,556.607 2,516,245 5,096,934 1.208.856 927,351 1.183.861 3,650.953 2,559,796 108.888 1.014.141 172.860 645.432 11.114.611 1,172.027 1.419.776 6.077.084 2,058.778 $2,041,894 2,292,651 5,114,600 875.849 165,803 1,900,420 1.719,064 701,570 5.063.235 1.335.343 50.991.955 559.837 2.742.930 7.772.510 5.244,683 624.432 5,290,989 5,723.009 4.031.637 3.710.760 2.014.095 1,003,327 795,314 579,496 982.983 8.142,687 4.300.317 9,259,033 4.075.945 660.012 3,352,753 8,255.859 4.329.637 1.557.022 881.812 900.018 4,581,220 1,373.644 148,373 5,137,520 113.097 884.957 8.805.134 1.668.519 1,657.028 7,637.203 2,071.434 \ Continued on page 462 462 f EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OP FOREIGN MARKETS Table Continued: Principal Articles 1916 R^way plant and roUinc-stock* T^'^^*^ ^""^ '''^°'*8 ««<* PaJ-ta thereof Material for construction! . .' Yanis and textile fabrics: Cotton yam Piecegoods: Cotton, grey Cotton, white !.'.'..! Cotton, coloured, printed* or dy^.'." ' * Hosiery (cotton) Haberdashery and mil'lineVy 8iUc yam, noila. and warpsf. .. \ SJk piecegoods ^ Woof Wool Shawls Miscellaneous i Building cement Matches '. Soap i Tea chests. ....*.','.'.".'..' TU^^n^ »*. iQ S8 N-^ Ci §2 " I— ICO ^ O5C0N e<3 C3 »^Io « oo <-l>.l>. ^ 05-< o »oco s* ^ o Ore 0-< «-" >.T CO -H OW 00 s :s§§ g w^ MO) TH * • 00 ooa QO lO oi«o »o w r^ c« o p^osoc ONeoo Vqc'oo'»o" SCO CO o> O —lOOiftOO ^•-"CO^ 00 >-• 'O 03 a ^ •^ 00 •*» a t£ rt fl ti's: O 03 S ^ ost ] silk S S C3 O -c -s ^ 1 s 1 2-S J S 1^ 1^ *J o 73 J3 •a •♦3 Q S^ S"^ S'-s »« 2 3 ^•ra S"j^ »-.- o INDIA 465 Irrigation is practised throughout India; in 1916-1917, 48,003,917 acr^ V'^^'t^'Z irri Jthe largest amount of irrigated land, 12,195,715 acres being m the Punjab, and irrigaiw, wuc k. Madras In the same year, of a total area of 748,- r5?^^a^r4S7?;e':Xp^.tS3,149we.faUo:,U2,485,3^ '. .^^« 411 598 were not cultivable. There were 85,070,524 acres of forest. Of :rtf^t^SSr21 SoSi acres were irrigated by canals. 7,200,000 by tanks and ''•'SSW and bleached piece-goods during the twelve months ending March. 1919; in thousands of pounds: Shirtings and longcloth. . . . . • T cloths, domestics and sheetings. Dhuties 86.160 24,641 77,777 Chadars • • Colored piece goods. 12.972 85,601 Total value of goods woven in Indian mills durmg 12 months ending March, 1919, $144,009,576. Details of principal manufacturing industries in India for 1915: Woolen Mills: Mills, number • Capital employed, so far as known Production • Persons employed, number Paper Mills: Mills, number ... • Capital employed, so far as known . Production, tons Persons employed, number. .. Arms and Ammunition Factories and Arsenals (Government): Works, number Persons employed, number Breweries : Breweries • Production, per 1,000 gallons Persons employed, number. . . ••••■•.• Cotton Ginning, Cleaning and Pressmg Mills and Factories: Mills, number • •. Persons employed, number Dockyards: Dockyards, number Persons employed, number Iron and Brass Foundries: Foundries number •• •• • Persons employed, number lute Presses: Presses, number • Persons employed, number $8,310,600 44,595.360 6,074 9 $1,469,340 304 4,665 13 20,741 18 2,533 922 1,345 108,298 14 19,269 62 27,244 130 26,883 Lac Factories : Factories, number Persons employed, number Petroleum Refineries: Refineries, number Persons employed, number Printing Presses: Works, number Persons employed, number Railway Workshops and Other Factories Works, number Persons employed, number Rice Mills: Mills, number Persons employed, number Saw Mills: Mills, number Persons employed, number Silk Filatures: Filatures, number Persons employed, number Sugar Factories: Works, number Persons employed, number Tile Factories: Works, number • • Persons employed, number 29 3,728 9 10,063 152 36,338 104 127.506 378 37.731 124 10,950 6 559 29 8,558 164 22.217 In 1917 there were 2,513 joint stock companies registered in India with a total paid up capital of $294 413 940. Of these companies 599, with a capital of $29,777,220 were engagedinbankingand insurance; 54, with a capital of $29,064,680 operated railways and tramways; 757, with a capital of $48,445,040 were engaged in miscellaneous ^a^mg; 251. with a capital of $15,804,720, were engaged in tea-plantmg; 153, with a capital of $19 940 - 580, were engaged in coal mining; there were 197 cotton mills with a capital of $54,597,240; 44 jute mUls had a capital of $28,183,140; there were 15 mills for silk, hemp and wool, with a total capital of $6,468,660; 132 companies had cotton and jute screws and presses, and had a capital of $8,708,120; 18 companies with a total capital of «2.842,820 engaged in the sugar business, and there were 40 land and buUding companies with a capital of $9 408,- 960 There were 624 foreign companies working in India in 1914, engaged m radways navigation, jute mills, rice mills, tea planting, and mining. I 466 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDIA 467 Mineral Production: Value of mineral production of the Empire and native states: Mineral Coal Gold ;;;;;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; • Petroleum .....' Manganese ore Salt Saltpetre Lead and lead ore . . . . Tungsten ore Building materiala and road metal Mica Tin ore and tin! ........ Jadestone .'...' Ruby, sapphire aiid spinel Monazite Iron ore .....[., Silver Copper ore , ' Alum $18,849,821 11,192,691 5,440,308 7,226,946 3,539.819 2,952.391 1.984,741 2,417,349 1,017.363 1,514,764 191,007 237,780 182.313 182.318 184,687 431,018 15,838 30,156 $21,926,594 10,798,380 5.311.805 7.295,248 4,778,143 2.564,456 2,481,219 3.028,139 1.213,911 2,469,720 323,350 328,059 251,898 274,536 194,288 1,152,869 146,687 18,016 Magnesite.. Clay Chromite . . . Steatite Agate Gypsum . . . . Diamond. . . Ochre Corundum . . Antimony. ., Amber Graphite Platinum . . . Molybdenite . Beauxite Asbestos Bismuth ... $68,355 22.574 79.708 12,772 3,805 3,620 1,754 4,573 13,525 2,444 763 7,294 223 981 2,250 Total value . $57,815,851 $70,75fi 43,832 127,409 31,444 1.239 5.025 8,874 7.921 18,827 675 3,324 2,658 92 3,042 3,013 1.472 790 $64,887,611 Railways and Roads: uniJ^^:Z^^ tr 1 marLr Vlme<^, J'*"^ ^^^ approximate.^ 55.982 The Ganges, Brahmaputn., ^f anTtwld" Sh1i,T* ^ '"''" '" '^'^'^"■ for inland travel, as are the' canals in L ^^^.fherr t^'jl'r " "* '^"'^''^ "^ Post Offices, Telegraphs: r>i^o^fZ'z:z^"'^::^^'^'f,f^^^ i-r- -^, t ^otai of 1,14,922.768 of wire, which carried 19,897,78Sme^g^ °' **'''^'""' ""•' "'"> ^'-^ ^'^ Money, Weights and Measures: India is on a gold basis, the unit beini? the ruoee wifh « r. i * . currency. The rupee is divided into 16 annas theZa inT.^9 ^ ^^u' °^ ^"^^^ ^^^' rupees is caUed a Ukh, or Qac), and is 3n 1 00^ ^OO ,rh ^" '""^ ^' '^'^ crore is signified 10,00,00,000. i,W,000. 100 lakhs are a crore, and the The principal weights and measures are the matind wK.VT. ;« d to 82.287 pounds, in Bombay is equivalent to nearTy 28 L^^^^^^^ I" J "" '^^^"^''^* pounds; the tola, equivalent to 180 grains and the If Tl ' '^ ^^^^ ^ ""^^y ^5 1 yard, in Bombay is equivalent to ^7^^ ^' "^ '"^ ^°«"^ ^ ^^^^^^^'^^ ^ Language: Commercial language, English. Local Advertising Media: In order to cover the whole of India in anv rAmn«;.,r, ;* • of Bombay for the western part, the prl of M^ff^.K '' Tu'^'^'^ ^ *^« P^^ Calcutta for the eastern part.' TheTar^ S xceUe^"^^^^^^^^^^ *°n*'^ ''^ '' one with a national circulation in Bombay ThTre ar^ I -t"" ^^, ''' ^^'"""* ^°^ and commercial ,.views published in Slcuftt ^d^'X pnbhcations in native languages in each of these clul ^* """^ ''^'"^^ Shipping Routes: American & Indian Line. Grace Line. Nippon Yusen Kaisha. ^"^ T^he customs tariff of British India levies specific duties based on weight on some commodities, and ad valorem duties of 23^ and 7^ per cent upon others. Certam specifiwi articles such as various kinds of machinery for cotton mills, and various kmds of agricul- tural machinery when constructed so aa t« be capable of operation by manual or animal power, are admitted free. Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required. Cable Rates: Via Azores, or Indo $0.66 per word from New York or New England states. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. MaU Time: Bombay, 23 days; Calcutta, 26 days; Madras, 24 days. ^"""L^i^ extends to India. Limit of weight-11 pounds. Parcels can not be registered. DeUvery charges are coUected as follows: one to three pounds, 24 cents; four to seven pounds, 48 cents; eight to eleven pounds, 72 cents. Money Orders: Issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. FRENCH DEPENDENCIES IN INDIA French possessions in India cover about 196 square miles. There are five separate colonies with population estimated as foUows: Pondichery, 166,793; Karikal, 56,548; Chandemagar, 27,356; Mah6, 11,063; Yanaon, 5,157; total 266,917. The chief towns and their population are: Pondichery, 47,321; and Karikal, 18,432. *, * «. nnn The principal crops of Pondichery are paddy, ground-nut and ragi. About 50,000 acres are under rubber, in 1917 they produced 1,207,000 pounds. In Pondichery there are four cotton mills and at Chandemagar there is one jute mill; the former have 1,622 looms and 171,213 spindles, and employ 7,335 persons. There are two oil factories, and some oil compressing plants. , . ^ ,. . e The chief exports from Pondichery are oil seeds. In 1917. the ^^Po^s at the porta of Pondichery, Karikal and Mah6 amounted to $2,552,465 and exports to $3,930,700. Total length of railway is 43 miles from Pondichery to Villapuram and Peralam to Karikal. Shipping Routes: American and Indian Line. American-Asiatic S. S. Co. Customs Tariff: The provisions are those of the French tariff, with special duties for spirits, salt tobacco and opium. • Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required. 468 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OP FOREIGN MARKETS Cable Rates: From New York or New England states, 10.66 per word. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Twenty-four days. Parcels Post: Service extends to French India. The regulations are the same as those for British India. Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. PORTUGUESE DEPENDENCIES IN INDU The Portuguese dependencies in India are: G6a, on the Malabar coast, capital Panjin; Damao, about 100 miles north of Bombay and Din, a small island about 140 miles west of Damao. The chief industry is the salt works, of which there are 501 in G6a, employing 1,968 men, with an annual production approximating 12,200 tons; there are eleven salt works in Damao and five in Din. Manganese deposits were discovered near MormugSo in 1906. There are six concerns operating about twenty mines. There are 51 miles of railway connecting Mormugao with British India. The chief exports of Portuguese India are: cocoanuts, fresh and salted fish, spices caju-nuts, salt, and copra. Imports and exports for 1914 and 1916 were as follows : Year Imports Exports Year Imports Exports 1914. $3,026,268 $969,857 1916. $3,838,062 $1,305,729 The trade is mainly transit. There are 18 telegraph offices and 167 miles of telegraph line in Portuguese India. Shipping Routes: There are no direct lines from New York to Portuguese India, goods are ordinarily shipped via Hong Kong or British Indian ports. Customs Tariff: The tariflf is a combination of specific and ad valorem duties. Goods and merchandise of national production and goods nationalized in Portugal and adjacent islands pay 50 per cent of the regular duties. Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required. Cable Rates: From New York or New England states, $0.66 per word. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Twenty-four days. Parcels Post: Goods can be sent to Portuguese India by parcel post via England at the regular 12 cent rate plus transit charges. Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Not issued. JAPAN 469 JAPAN The Empire of Japan consists of the five islands of Honshiu (the mainland), Kiushiu, Shikoku, Hokkaido (Yezo), and Taiwan (Formosa), besides numerous smaller islands among which are the Hokoto (Pescadores) Islands, the peninsula of Chosen (Korea) and southern half of the island of Karafuto. By treaty of 1915 the Chinese Government ex- tended Japan's lease of territory on the Peninsula of Liaotung including the towns of Port Arthur and Dalny, and the railway between Port Arthur and Chang-Chun for ninety- nine years Another treaty with China promulgated in the same year gave Japan exclusive mining and colonization rights in eastern Mongolia; the rights formerly enjoyed by Germany with respect to the Province of Shantung, and the port of Kiau-Chau ; and also gave Japan preferential rights to railway, mining, and financial development in South Manchuria as well as inner Eastern Magnolia. The principal commercial cities of Japan are Tokio, the capital, which is not quite as large as Chicago; Osaka, which is about as large as Philadelphia, Yokohama, Kob4 and Nagasaki. The principal industries of Japan are agriculture and manufacturing. Of agricultural crops the most important are rice, more than one half of the acreage devoted to this crop being under irrigation; tea, barley, rye, wheat, millet, sweet potatoes and cotton. Rice is 470 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS JAPAN 471 not only the most important foodstuff of Japan, but is likewise used in brewing the national beverage "sak6." An important industry closely related to agriculture is sericulture in which a large proportion of the population is engaged, and which is the principal subsidikrv occupation of most agricultural famihes. The agricultural holdings in Japan are according to our standards almost uneconomically smaU, over 60 per cent being under one acre in size. ^ The principal mineral products of Japan are copper, coal and petroleum, but Japan 18 absolutely destitute of iron, and is therefore a large importer of both pig iron and steel. Japanese manufacturing industries are various and important, and among Asiatic nations Japan is the only one which has successfully organized its manufactures to the point where they have become a powerful factor in international trade. Of these industries the production of textiles is the most conspicuous; cotton yams, cotton goods and silk goods are manufactured and largely exported, as are woolens and hemp. The ceramic mdustry, the manufacture of paper, of matches, and of toys and novelties are Ukewise important. Recently the chemical industry, the glass industry, the refining of sugar the manufacture of tinned foodstuffs and the shipping and shipbuilding industries have been extensively developed. As an illustration of the expansion of Japan's manufacturing mdustnes it is of mterest to note that during the five years from 1914 to 1918 the tot^ investment m the formation of new enterprises and the expansion of old ones amounted to $3,456,435,579 of which $1,994,825,196 was invested in new enterprises and $1,461 610 - 401 was mvested in the further expansion of enterprises already in existence. ' ' ' Japan's railway mileage is extensive, and the system is complete. A large mercantile manne is hkewise operated, and Japanese shipping is to be found in aU of the world's pnncipal ports. The total foreign trade of Japan in 1919 amounted to $2,258,365,758. Imports were valued at $1148,642,976, and exports at $1,109,722,782. Per capita imports amounted to $21.52, and exports to $20.79. The per capita share of the total foreign trade amounted to $42.31. Area and Population The population of Japan proper (excluding Formosa, the Pescadores, and Chosen) according to the census of 1913 was 53,362,682, of whom 26,964,586 were males and 26,398,096 females. The population of Chosen is 16,913,225; of Taiwan, 3,710,850; of Karafuto. 95,200. Distribution of urban and rural population: Population Under 500 501 — 2.000 2,001 — 6.000 5.001 — 10,000 10.001— 20.000 20,001— 50.000 50.001 — 100,000, Over 100,000, Total Population 42.522 3,413.627 24.345.915 12,105.244 4,496,820 2.933,888 1,855,550 6,937,704 65.131.270 Population in cities, according to census of^jlg: Cities Population Cities Population Akita.. Aoroori Aaahigawa... Fukui JTukuoka . . . . Fukushima. . Gif u Hakodate . . . Hamamatsu . Himeji Birosaki Hiroflhima.. Kagoshima. , Kanaxawa. . KoW Kochi Kofu Kokura. . . . Kumamoto . Kure Kurum6 Kyoto Marugame.. Mataumoto . Matsuyama. Matsuye . . Mayebashi . Mito Moji Morioka . . . . Nagano .... Nagaoka. . . Nagasaki.. . Nagoya . . . . Nara Nawa 36.560 47,077 63.275 56.218 97,303 33.981 51,647 99.795 43,012 40,316 38,586 167,130 75.907 129.804 442,167 39.162 53.672 38,139 68,167 128,342 39.292 509.380 28.685 39,653 45,189 38,631 50,061 43,215 71.977 43,527 41.112 39.354 161,174 452.043 40,938 55.547 Niigata Oita Okayama Onomichi Osaka Otaru Otsu Saga Sakai Sapporo Sasebo Sendai Shimonoseki Shisuoka Shuri Takamatsu Takaoka Takasaki Takata Tokushima Tokyo Tottori Toyama Toyohashi Tsu Uji-Yamada Utsunomiya WakamatBU (Fukushima^ken) , Wakamatsu (Fukouka-ken) . . . Wakayama Yamagata Yokkaichi Yokohama Yokosuka Yonezawa 66,622 38,905 86,961 31.268 1.395.823 92,864 44.100 36.667 67.706 96.924 94.914 104.141 72,117 64.108 24.102 41.837 38.045 44.096 32,403 70.292 2,050.126 37.278 64.822 54.673 47.295 40.357 54.049 41.828 34.519 77.683 45.371 33.812 397,574 85,473 38.265 Emigration: On June 30,1917, there were 343,826 Japanese in China including Manchuria; 29,627 in southern Asia, Australia and the PhiUppines; 1,464 in Europe; 13,823 in Canada; 101,645 in Hawaii; 112,293 in the United States; 13,995 in Asiatic Russia; 1,169 in Mexico; 28,657 in South America. These figures are low, since there is a large number of stowaways not accounted for. Immigration: During 1914, 18,013 foreigners visited Japan. In 1915 the figure was 14,836; m 1916, 19,908; in 1917, 22,428 of whom 5,196 were American, 3,868 British, 9,621 Chinese and 7,780 Russian. Commerce The total foreign trade of Japan for the calendar year 1919 amounted to $2,258,365,758. Imports amounted to $1,148,642,976 and exports amounted to $1,109,722,782. Total foreign commerce of the United States with Japan for eleven years: Year ended June 30— Exports Domestic Foreign Total Imports Free DutiaUe Total Per cent free Excess of exports (*) or imports (-) 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 S26,460,573 21,761,347 36.517.516 53.132.527 57.597.503 51.087.664 41.312,770 74,246,734 128,910,610 264.956,532 $231,040 197.963 203.893 345.519 144.312 117,856 205,010 224,197 1.516.451 2.684.680 $26,691,613 21.959,310 36.721.409 53.478.046 57.741.815 51.205.520 41.517.780 74.470,931 130,427.061 267.641.212 326.462.269 $57,510,278 52,016.321 62.365,561 63.062.323 71.355.230 84.487,145 73,800.468 113,113.592 151.483.292 197.307.256 $12,882,444 14.382,440 86.161.935 17.545,146 20.278.010 22,868.752 25.082.170 34.530.636 56.644.186 87.638.183 $70,392,722 66,398.761 78.527.496 80.607.469 91.633.240 107.355.897 98.882.638 147.644.228 208.127.478 284.945.439 303.993.041 81.70 78.34 79.42 78.23 77.87 78.70 74.63 76.61 72.78 69.24 -$43,701,109 -44.439.451 -41.806.087 -27.129.423 -33.891,425 -56.150,377 -57,364.858 -73.173,297 -77.700.417 -17.304.227 ♦22.469.228 II 11? EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Value of Japan^s foreign trade in 1916, 1917, 1918 and 6 months of 1919: Imports Exports $376,701,227 516,361,837 831,569,701 522,587,487 »561,479,106 799,098,016 978,107,183 423,141.761 Foreign trade of Japan for six months, ending June 30, 1919: Articles Food, drink, and tobacco: In a natural state — Rice Beans and peas , Other Partly or wholly prepared — Sugar Other Total Raw materials: Rape seed Hides and skins Crude india rubber and gutta percha . Chili saltpeter Sulphate of ammonium, crude Oil cake Cotton, raw Flax, hemp, jute, etc Wool Coal Ores Other ;.". ; Total Manufacture for farther use in nuurafactttring: Leathers Tanning extracts Caustic soda and soda ash Coal-tar dyes . . . Woolen or worsted yarns Pulp for paper making Iron pig, ingot, and slab Iron, bar, rod. plate, and sheet Iron pipes and tubes Lead, ingot and slab Tin, ingot and slab . . . , Nickel, ingot and grtiin . . . Antimony, ingot and slab Brass and bronze, ingot and slab Construction materids Other ;;;;; Total Articles wholly manufactured: Oil. i)etroleum Cotton tissues Woolen tissue Paper Iron nails Ste am vessels Machineries Other Total Miscellaneous Total Imports. Total Tradi S938. 180.333 1.315.449.835 1.809,676.884 944.729.248 1919 $40,938,002 8,914,681 10.150.818 10.471.789 8.082.325 $78,557,615 754.930 3.181.957 5.141.917 4.378.494 928.633 35.457.462 188.130,036 2.985,075 18.694,729 4.794,902 4.690,014 21,299.775 $290,437,924 1.264,664 339.593 3.172.690 3.346.516 7.798 1,991,509 11.270,838 35,073,299 3.074,959 1,540,476 1,352.453 1,262.888 67.492 56.683 1.782.207 24.186.676 $89,790,741 $3,652,610 2.262,842 2,431.464 5.371.893 1,135,579 219,157 22,623,711 23,086,860 $60,784,125 3.017.082 JAPAN 473 fdbk Continved: Food, drink, and tobacco: In a natural state — Rice , Beans and peas Aquatic products Other .•••••, : partly or wholly prepared- Tea • Sugar, refined Sake ^g^P Colle or isinglass, vegetable Comestibles, in tins and bottles Other Total, Raw materials: Waste silk. . . Coal Wood Other Total . Manufactures for further use in manufacturing: Coliaoil ■ Fish oil and whale oil Sulphur Camphor Menthol crystal Raw silk Cotton yarns ■•••■;•• Copper, ingot and slab Zinc, ingot and slab Plaits for hat making Other Total . Articles wholly manufactured: Leather manufactures Matches Silk Cotton tissues Woolen tissues Silk handkerchiefs Cotton towels Table cloths •• Cotton undershirts and drawers . Other knitted goods Hats, caps, and bonnets Buttons ' Papers Potteries Glass and glass manufactures . . Mats and mattings Umbrellas Toys Other Total. Miscellaneous. Total Exports. Excess of imports $1,309,179 7.178.022 3.377.042 1.849.745 2,063.181 3.982.866 516.524 1.835.891 632.539 1,599.211 5.821.316 $30,165,516 1.285.392 7.986.512 4.502,052 4.201.193 $17,975,149 $877,401 469,366 470.625 1,500.260 697,536 97.630.0S0 30,639.902 7.065.846 1.176.968 2,326.784 32.710.874 $175,565,642 1,725.842 6.827.354 12.760.192 68,655.429 2,998,219 1.455.947 843.418 554,518 5.053.025 3.134.316 1.431,482 2,132,700 5,849.370 4,452,925 4,097,300 549,993 1.430.808 1,915.274 64.588.159 $190,456,271 $7,979,183 $423,141,761 $100,445,726 $522,587,487 (, 474 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Value of principal articles of import and export in 1918 Articles b. c. d. e. f. Plants and animals Grains, flour, starches and seeds Beverages and comestibles a. Tea ;■ ; Sugar and confectionery Aquatic products '. ." .' .' .' ; Alcoholic liquors Beverages and comestibles -- Tobacco .... Skins, hairs, bones, horn, etc! .' .■.';;.■;;;■■ Uils, fats, waxes, and manufactures of KT'r^^mT'?'^' °»fower 14,539 131,742 129,460 4,164 18,006 60,875 6,634 18,291 24,538 92,457 3,757 29,575 21,706 8,523 4,818 1,371 10.275 1,392 6,208 28,728 439,976 6,796 18,528 2.960 13,683 2,102 6,032 40.976 164,125 114,367 885 No. of employees 248,494 140,062 193,915 27,167 34,250 55,773 24,412 35,042 48,594 18,057 21,883 3,898 12,107 27,210 2,418 5,233 6,133 3,884 28,842 26,028 3.120 1,625 18,583 2,853 12.386 277 24,498 58,281 45,405 13,853 299 484 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Number of factories employing mechanical and hand power and the number of em- ployees: Year No. run by steam, gas. etc. No. run by manual power Total Male operatives Female operatives Total 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 8.710 9.403 10,334 10,688 12.612 6,409 6,408 6,728 6,121 6.687 15.119 15,811 17,062 16,809 19.299 348.230 375,596 318,667 350,976 458.632 515,217 540,656 535,297 559.823 636.669 863.447 916.252 853,964 910,799 1.905.301 For the year 1916 the kind of motive powers was as follows : No. of engines Horse power No. of engines Horse power Steam Gas... OU... Motor 6.407 1,665 572 16,486 327,849 38,318 6,998 293.386 f Turbine.. Waterwheelj Pelton's. . (.Japanese. 228 111 1.658 270,545 104,302 3.282 Statistics of the textile industry: Year Factories or families Looms Operatives Valus of output 1913 396,151 352,393 418,419 490,063 672,428 622,099 680,530 772,391 667.343 610.777 715.343 820.499 $306 481 1914 326,462 300,128 564,227 1915 1916 • Output of the fabrics classified according to kind : Year Silk Silk and cot- ton mixed Cotton Hempen Muslin Flannel 1913 $59,922,348 51,036,036 60,599,628 79,721,334 $15,197,466 12.720.414 13.648,686 18,256,680 $52,477,746 74,891.730 90,827,232 151,636,020 $2,236,020 2,343,090 2,423,268 3,051,246 $9,676,140 7.268,808 9,183,618 9.616,380 $858,552 1914 1.017,912 679 272 1915 1916 956,160 Year Serges Blankets Woolen cloth Carpets Miscellaneous Total, in- cluding others 1913 $2,623,464 6,731.964 1,998.972 3.190.188 $588,138 948.690 653,874 1.706.148 $1,520,394 2,006,442 6.009.864 8.294,688 $339,138 329.676 319.218 406.368 $1,370,496 1,075,182 1,422.786 2.313.708 $177,527,538 162,579.570 189,303,744 280.985,0*6 1914 1915 1916 Returns of exported fabrics: Year SUk Cotton Woolen Total including others 1913 $19,608,252 16.942.956 21.523,062 25,214,736 $16,735,290 17.350,320 19.178,478 29.905.398 $483,060 740,526 9,260,310 1.180,758 $37,188,648 37.496,910 60,460.348 61,704,192 1914 1915 1916 JAPAN 485 Statistics of cotton mills and production: Year Com- panies MUls Capital paid up Reserves No. of rings No. of mules No. of throwings Looms 1910 1914 1915 1916 1917 36 136 $33,622,968 42 167 42,738,360 41 161 42.833.478 40 161 50.667,018 43 170 67,130.400 $12,279,684 18,246,222 19,253.676 24,378,096 34,860.000 2,014,284 2,606,004 2,754,124 2,825,944 3.009.000 55.480 54.170 53,390 49.690 51.900 282.186 348,766 355,318 370.681 383,500 17,072 25.413 30.068 31,295 36.200 Output of yams export and home consumption: Year Output packages Exported Consumed at home Converted into textile Textile output (yds.) 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1,134.781 1,666,184 1,720,265 1,925,579 1.903,000 347,633 569.999 575,891 545,147 470.825 609,153 791,269 833.509 1.037,400 177,994 304,922 310.864 341.032 226.313.951 454,901.174 500,076,621 560.181.108 594.649.419 Statistics of hemp spinning mills: Year No. of mills Paid up capital Daily av'ge. of working spin- dles in 1.000s Material con- sumed (lbs.) Output Obs.) 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 14 16 16 21 9 $3,291,282 2,530,836 2,949,156 3,099,552 3,834.600 24 25 26 29 36 87,060 125,634 153.388 188,080 239,044 75,413 100.028 128,608 155,288 169.577 The chemical industry factories number 2,146 and employ 143,611 operatives; in this classification are included 962 ceramic factories employing 49,203 operatives; 277 paper plants employing 31,309 operatives; 255 explosive plants employing 31,177 operatives; 183 medicine factories employing 9,281 operatives, 21 toilet article factories employmg 1021 operatives; 69 dye-stuff and paint plants employing 2,695 operatives; 74 oil and wax plants with 4,619 operatives; and 68 artificial manure factories with 6,277 operaUves. In 1915 there were 85 gas works; 1,512.428 lamps. 906,934 heating instaUations, 2,153 power instaUations; production, 6,050,573 cubic feet. In 1916 there were 2 617 electnc plants in existence. 472 of which supplied power, 2,617 of which were isolated or govern- ment plants Total production 805,289 k.w. During the same year 186 plants with a total production of 414,919 k.w. were under construction. Tobacco, salt and camphor are state monopolies. Far data on railways, post offices, telegraphs and teUphones, money, weights and measure^ hngwwe local advertising media, consuUir representation, shipping routes, customs tariff, consular regulations, cable and postal rates, mail time, parcel post, money orders and reply coupons, see pages 490 to 4^2. \^ a rf 486 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS CHOSEN (Korea) Area and Population TTfL^'^fif'^f Tt^ '^^' ^.^^^^ PoP^ation (1915) 15,957,630 (8,192,614 males- V65,0 6 females); Japanese population (1915), 303,659 (163,012 male; 140,W7 female ' Populationofprmcipal cities (1915): 'emaie). Cities Families Seoul Chemulpo. . Kaisons. . . . Taiku Fusan Pingyang. . , Gensan Chin-pan-po Han-Heung. Haichou Chinchou . . . 55,367 7.505 8,057 8.059 14.439 10.673 5.953 5.561 3.009 3,297 3,197 Male Female 124.432 17.265 17,784 16,640 31,124 24.049 11.634 11,878 8,188 7,792 6,901 116.653 14.002 18.884 16.100 29.680 21.744 10.779 10,453 8.185 7.801 6.661 Total 241.085 31.264 36.668 32.740 60,804 45.793 22.413 22.331 16.373 15.593 13.562 tot/S"^ " ^^'^'^ ^'^*^^' ^^"^ ^^'^^' ^'""^ ^^' ^^''^ ^^^' ^'^'"'^ 7'; Commerce Eleven year table of the total foreign trade of the United States with Chosen: Year Ended June 30 Exports Domestic Foreign Total Imports Free Dutiable 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917., 1918.. 1919.. $320,476 441,443 1,144,583 1,122.377 1,369,332 1,265,848 1,187.415 675.081 2.082.691 944,924 Total $304 623 782 1.594 415 1.029 373 623 123,811 $320,780 442.066 1,144.583 1,123,159 1,370,926 1.266.263 1,188,444 675,454 2.083,314 1,068.735 3,411,371 Per Cent. Free $1,513 13.609 243.739 190.556 3.523 4.604 7.990 63.037 299.197 6.304 $1,366 6.567 1,812 2.672 1.610 3.517 763 1,450 2.026 3,778 Excess of Exports (♦) or Imports (-) $2,879 20,176 245,551 193.228 6,133 8,121 8,753 64,487 301.223 10.082 298,973 52 .56 67 .45 99 .26 98 .62 68 63 56.69 1 91 28 97 75 99. 33 62. 53 ♦317.901 ♦421,890 ♦899.032 ♦929.931 ♦1,365,793 ♦1,258,142 ♦1.179.691 ♦610,967 ♦1,782,091 ♦1.058.653 ♦3,112.398 Value of foreign trade for 6 years: Year Merchandise Imports Exports Total 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 Specie and Bullion $33,423,270 35.646.840 31.489.038 29.481,102 37.079.088 51,237,228 $10,450,530 15,377,244 17.125.224 24.647.016 28.286.898 41.724.930 $43,874,298 51,022.092 48.614.760 54.128.118 65.366,484 92.957.178 Imports Exports $733,056 100.596 151.392 404.874 814.230 226.590 $5,041,752 5.450.112 5.390.352 5.858.472 8.027.760 19,423.992 JAPAN— CHOSEN 487 Value of trade with principal countries of origin and destination for 3 years: Countries 1915 Exports Imports 1916 Exports Imports 1917 Exports Imports Japan Proper China..... . ; Great Britain United States Asiatic Russia Belgium Hong Kong France ■ Germsny Total, includ. others. $20,368,200 2,788,302 5,976 15,936 1,445,694 4.482 498 $24,647,016 $20,684,430 3,994,956 2,130,942 1,958,634 53,286 30,378 33,864 34,362 95,118 $21,396,072 4,014,378 32.868 479.574 2,348,070 8.964 $26,124,582 4,763,370 2,286,816 3,262,398 84.660 498 30,378 22.410 60.258 $29,481,102 $28,286,898 $37,079,088 $32,233,050 5,954,088 4,482 167,328 1,717,104 9.960 $41,719,452 $36,202,608 6.308.664 2.020.386 5.781,282 81,174 498 44,820 23,406 10.458 $51,237,228 Value of principal imports: staple Items 1914 1915 Staple Items 1914 1915 Rice »1'356.0^ Italian Millet. Flour Sugar Sake Petroleum Cotton yarn Sheetings, gray Sheetings, white Cotton fabrics. Japanese. 671.206 616.026 751,980 438,240 740,028 1,030.362 2,927.742 874.986 987.534 Hempen fabrics 805.266 $157,368 281,486 340,134 767.418 453.180 847,098 1,212,630 3,111,006 1.047,294 966.618 574,194 Woolen fabrics Silk fabrics Paper Wrought iron Machinery Coal Timber, planks and sleepers, Straw bags, ropes, and mats Post parcels • $392,424 461.148 656.862 593.616 737.538 867.018 843.612 538.836 1,948,176 $281,370 484.554 748,992 388.928 608,556 877,476 715,128 548,298 1,987,518 Value of principal exports: Items 1914 1915 Items 1914 1915 Beans and ];>ea8 Rice Cattle Cow hide ; • • ; Fish, fresh, dried, salted, Gold ore Other ores $3,165,288 $2,653,344 9.640.782 12.208.968 216,630 168.324 1,780.350 1.761,924 671.304 446.208 519.912 962,642 1,932.240 128,982 Leather manufacture Coal. Fertilizers Ginseng Cotton Tobacco $1,553,262 233.064 496,008 641.424 871.002 308.760 $1,042,314 313.242 456.666 618.018 576.186 123.504 Production and Industry The industries of Chosen are almost wholly of an agricultural nature. The acreage of cultivated land is 7,249,949, of which about 37 per cent, is rice paddy, and 63 per cent, farm There are about 39,200,000 acres of forest. Rice is the staple product and is grown on 6*652 000 acres; barley is grown on 1,432,426 acres, the yield being 23,506,000 bushels. Soya beans are grown on 130,038 acres, the yield being 163.520,000 bushels. The area of mulberry plantations is 31,360 acres; in 1915, 302,287 bushels of cocoons were produced. In 1916, 33,306 lbs. of ginseng valued at $996,000 were produced. Cotton the cultivation of which was introduced in 1905, was cultivated on 4,900 acres in 1914- the yield was 52,698,800 lbs. Ginning is carried on in factories as Mokpho, Fusan, and other places. The number of cattle was 1,287,000 in 1914. Tobacco is grown on 61 250 acres; fruit on 4,900 acres. The number of Japanese investors m farmmg m ;1 •11 488 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Chosen in 1915 was 7,156, the farms occupying about 689,000 acres, the investmon. amounting to about $21,948,276. "^vestment Mineral production in 1916: gold, 195,600 ounces; aUuvial gold 26 400 ouno^,- ; ores, 122.000 tons, graphite. 20,964,800 pounds; coal, 127,000 tons.' ' "' of .J'' ^T^: **^^^J^ 316,219 fishermen, of whom 11,028 were Japanese. The valu. of the catch was $6,277,119; of marine products, $3,482,182. About 441 000 ^.If forest land along the Yolu and Tuman Rivei. is le^sed'for lumbennTdevetprnt '^ The only important manufactures are fabrics, hides and leathers oaoer linnn. tobacco, metal work and bamboo work. Japanese enterprise hl^ st^STe^' cleZ. plants .on works, bnck works, and 13 electric power plants with a total c^pn Kol^ ^^'""^ '™P^"^ "^"* '^'^ P^"*^^ «^ ^^^-^ about 13 000 a^ TAIWAN (Formosa) Area and Population Taiwan consists of Formosa proper; the Pescadores Island (Hokoto) and small-r adjacent islands. The area of Taiwan proper is 5,768 square maes; of the^esc™|o^ 19 square mjes. The following table shows the population on December 3 1 91^ Male Female Japanese . . . Natives. . . . Aborigines . Foreigners. . Total. Total 79.198 1.729,650 66,406 15.302 1,890,556 63,252 1,619,387 56,518 2.321 1.751,478 142.450 3.349.037 132.924 17.623 3.642,034 The population of principal towns is as follows: Taihoku . . Keelung. . Giran .... Shinchiku Taichu.. . Shokwa. . 100.222 18.063 16.995 17.405 20.427 16.907 Kako. Kagi . . Tainan . Takao . Toko. . 19,109 22,270 62.689 15.170 10.615 Commerce Value of foreign trade of Taiwan for 4 years: Trade with Japan Proper Year Commodities Specie and Bullion Exports Imports Exports Imports 1914 $22,777,524 29.975.616 40.148.262 52.537.008 119.855.260 20.212.326 24,663.450 33.736,512 $774,888 1,232.052 814.728 856.062 1915 S103.584 1916 140 436 1917 435.252 339.138 JAPAN— TAIWAN 489 Year Trade with Foreign Countries Commodities Exports Imports Specie and Bullion Exports Imports 1914 1915 1916 1917 $5,465,036 7,684,140 15.762.696 20.027,070 $6,480,474 6,364.938 7,639,320 10,507,302 $3,486 $34,860 118,524 39,342 559,254 5.478 66,732 2.490 Value of principal imports: Year Opium Rice Petroleum 1913 1914 1915 1916 $1,878,954 918,810 1,090.620 1,854.552 $1,054,764 143,922 6,474 4,482 $458,658 375,990 233,562 275,892 Tobacco-leaf Oilcake, beans, tea-seed Timber and boards $323,202 376,986 537,840 229,080 $842,118 838.134 1.165.818 1.530.354 $315,732 232.068 215.634 220,614 Value of principal exports: Year Tea Sugar Camphor Flax, Hemp Jute Timber (ex. ship's use) 1913 1914 1915 1916 $3,204,132 3,166.284 3.540,780 3,150.846 $170,316 5.635,866 $2,237,514 1,901,364 1,611,030 2,325,162 $184,758 219.120 200.694 208.662 $48,306 99.600 92.130 199,200 Value of imports from principal countries of origin: Year China British India Dutch Indies Great Britain Germany United States 1914 1915 1916 $3,638,388 3,815.676 $506,466 835.146 1,287,330 $184,260 84.660 112,548 $636,444 354,078 614,034 $260,454 23,406 $398,400 378,978 379,000 Value of exports to principal countries of destination: Year China Hong Kong Dutch Indies Great Britain Germany United States 1914 1915 1916 $1,733,040 2,487.012 6.173,722 $194,718 290.334 889,926 $670,308 980.064 802,278 $319,218 463,638 388,938 $459,654 $2,788,800 3,326,640 3,754,422 Production and Industry Area under cultivation during three years in acres: Year Paddy Upland Rice Sweet Potatoes Beans, Peas, etc. Sugar Cane Tea 1913. 1914. 1915. 813,400 825,650 863,850 825,650 742,800 901,600 1.247.050 1,261,750 1,239,700 294,000 286,650 276,850 85,750 90,650 88,200 164,150 188,650 208,250 88,200 ,:» 4 ! w 490 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Produce of the principal crops for three years: Year Rice bushels Rush pounds 1913. 1914. 1915. Ground Nuts bushels Sweet Potatoes bushels 26,193,860 23,546,880 24,446,240 Peas, Beans, etc. bushels 1,309,060 1.819,020 1,766,560 Jute tons China Grass tons 1,120,060 1,025,320 1,223,440 27,876,390 27,828.240 27,439,140 701,300 680.827 783,200 2.820 2,439 2,477 865 995 960 acres (276 252 in iJlTX • u k ' """ ""''"" '"«" "^ estimated at 334,000 inlQIfit TK ,?' ^'"''^ '^"'K estimated at 686,860,000 lbs (679 004 000 iT m_^9I6). There are 12 companies with 36 sugar refineries having a tot^ c^lf/^^i; Mineral production for four years: Year Gold Troy Ounces Alluvial Gold Troy Ounces Silver Troy Ounces 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. Copper Pounds Troy 51,240 36,000 43,800 53,560 1,800 1,680 27,720 3,240 Coal Tons 107,520 50.400 51,120 47.400 4,020,000 4,120,000 5,000,000 3,312,000 283,096 327,266 308,588 388,776 Sulphur Tons 1.479 2,349 1.224 1.899 Phosphorus Tona 5,724 1.363 512 KARAFTTTO KWANTUNG are agriculture, fishery, aTthe m^S^of ^ '"Z^A^^^^'^'T^''"' **"^'°'^ nected with Kharbin, Mukden, and the ^trn Sese^w'TX::™ ^" "" "- /C.iS:^"*^'"'"'^^ '"•'''^" ---*«'». «'-'"<*^ CHosen. Tai.an.KaraSuto.an, Railways: Imperial Railways: Open mileage 1917 'jfi'ifi t ;„!,* t> i Electric tramways: track nTeage, 1,^. ' ' ^'^^* ^^^m: mileage, 1,300. Post offices ; Number of post offices, 3,326. Telegraphs and Telephones: 5,886'tt' ^1!:^^^^^^^ -^7f oun<^^ 1,036 n^^; submarine. Wireless stations, ten. ' ' ' ^""^ ^«»«Phone subscribei^, 231,724. JAPAN 491 ^'The monetary unit of Japan is the yen=100 sen=l,000 rin=$0.498 United States currency. Japan has adopted the gold standard. Gold coins are 20, 10 and 5 yen, silver 50 20 and 10 sen, and bronze 1 sen and 5 rin pieces. Weights and Measures: Distance and Length Ri = 36 cho - 2160 ken Ri (marine) Ken = 6 shaku = 60 sun Shaku =» 10 sun = 100 bu Tan (cloth measure) Shaku (cloth measure) 2.44030 miles 1 knot 7 ft. 5H inches 1 ft. 2 11-12 inches a roll of about 25 shaku 1.25 shaku Land Measure Square ri - 1296 cho Cho = 10 tan « 3000 tsubo Tsubo or bu Ko (Formosa) -» 2934 tsubo 5.95505 square miles 2.45064 acres 3.95369 square yards Quantity, Capacity and Cubic Measure Koktt * 10 to - 100 sho Go (10th of a sho) Koku (capacity of vessels) Shakuiime (timber) Tana (fagot, etc.) Kwan or Kan » 1000 momme Kin >■ 160 momme Momme » 10 fun f 4.96005 bushels , „ „ . U7.65389 gallons (Liquid) U. S. A. i 6.11902 bushels (dry) U. S. A. 1 10th of a ton > about 12 cubic ft. « about 3 X 6 X 6 ft. Weights / 8.26733 lbs. (Avoir.) '\10.04711 lbs. (Troy) ; 1.32277 lbs. (Avoir.) " 1.60754 lbs. (Troy) 0.13228 o«. (Avoir.) 0.12057 oi. (Troy) Language: The language of foreign trade in Japan is English. Local Advertising Media: There are two dailies in Tokyo and two in Osaka printed in Japanese with a cbcula- tion of over 150,000 each, there are two general and commercial magazin^ printed m EngUsh and three English daiUes which are influential among the English speakmg popula- tion. Posters and electric display signs, as well as posters in railway stations and tram cars are extensively employed as media. Consular Representatives: The United States maintains consular officials in Taihoku (Taiwan) Yokkaichi; consuls and vice consuls in Dairen (Manchuria), Kobe, Nagasaki, Seoul (Chosen), ^oko- hama, also consuls general in Seoul (Chosen), Yokohama, and a consular agent in Hakodate. Japanese officials are stationed at MobUe, Los Angeles, San Francisco Honolulu. Chicago, New Orleans, St. Louis, New York City, Portland (Oregon), Philadelphia, Manila (P. L), Galveston, Seattle. Shipping Routes: (from New York to Kob^ and Yokohama.) Barber Line. American and Oriental Line. American-Asiatic Steamship Co. The principal transcontinental railroad lines accept shipments for Japan. t 492 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS MALAY STATES— FEDERATED 493 Customs Tariff: under ihe contnt.™^ ra^ W ofT f.*""^ °' ""! ^'^'^'^ «**»« "^ '^^''^d specific and based on wei^t^' ' '^"*"' "^^^ "'^ ■"» '«'"«». "^d «ome Consular Regulations: Cable rates: Via San Francisco, $1.33 per word. Parcel Post: 11 potri" ^^'^'^ ^^ '^^^' ^^^"^^« ^^--' -r-an, and Karofuto. Linut of weight, ^a^efr«t. ^^ ^"^ ^'^T"' "^ ^"^^ ^^°- ^^^ York. Parcel post : Service extends to Japan. Money orders: Issued. International reply coupons : Issued. FEDERATED MALAY STATES Area and Population A group of states occupying the southern portion of the Malay Penmsula, southernmost point of Ck)ntinental Asia, with a total area of 27,508 square miles, consisting of Pahang, 14000 square miles; Perak, 7,800 square mUes; Selangor, 3,158 square miles, and Negri Se'mbUan, 2,550 square miles. The Federated Malay States are under British protection and are pohtically associated with the Straits Settlements. The population in 1911 was 1 036,999, comprising 420,840 Malays, 433,244 Chinese, 172,465 natives of India, 3,284, Europeans and Americans, and 2,649 Eurasians. There is a large floating population from India and China. The largest town in the States is the federal capital, Kuala Lumpur, (Sglingor), with about 47,000 inhabitants. Commerce In the United States statistics of foreign commerce American exports to and imports from the Federated Malay States are included in statistics of American trade with the Straits Settlements. See page 509. Foreign trade of the Federated Malay States for four years: Years Exports Imposts Total 1914.. 1915.. 1916. . 1917.. $69,818,351 91,891,683 124,884,025 154,454,631 $40,961,095 34,077,056 39,530,867 41,598.007 $110,779,446 125,968,739 164,414.892 196.052,638 Value of principal imports and exports in 1917: Imports Rice $8,601,684 Tobaooo, cigars, cigarettes ^'^^'Seo Cotton piece goods 1,970,968 Petroleum 1,830,758 Machinery 1,051,674 Ironware 1,014,422 Opium 966,634 Sugar 949.897 Condensed milk 942.067 Exports Rubber (79.831 tons) *^^A}l'l^ Tin (39.833 tons) '*}'5JI'J?} Copra (47.162,933 pounds) ^'J^'Sll Rice 203,056 S8^.":::;.;:::::::::::;:::;:::;;; »:^9 Production and Industry The chief industries of the Federated Malay States are the cultivation of rubber, which has supplanted in importance the less profitable production of rice, pepper, sugar, coffee, and other commodities to which the soil and cUmate are well adapted; the mining of tin ore, and to a lesser degree of gold, tungsten, and coal; the cultivation of valuable woods, including the cocoa palm, of which the by-product copra is exported in large quan- tities. Revenues from lands increased $132,041 during the year 1917. 494 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Area of land estimated to be in occupation on January 1, 1918: States Building and Agriculture Milling Perak Selangor Negri Sembilan Pahang Total. Acres 785,390 587,531 409,085 206.082 1.988,088 Acres 129,747 63,887 18.022 49,838 261,494 Total Acres »16.137 651,418 427,107 255,920 2,249,582 to 1 ^^TJ^ T"^-^^ ?^^' ""^^^^ '^'"^°« ^^ ^^"^ i" ^^^ amounted, in 1918 to 1.044,839 acres, of which 612,286 acres were planted with rubber alone and 408 «57i w^rid ZT ' Tk' ^"^ ""r*^^ ^^^^" *^^ '"^^ ^Po^t rubber market inThe worid, and the rubber export from the Federated Malay States increased 17,067 tl L due '^lT^''\''l^ ^^ ^^ °° *^' ^'*^^' ^^^ ^^^3, probably because increased costs due to w^ conditions have greatly reduced the margin of profit, and have ^^ue^lv the Federated Malay States comes frem Chinese owned or Chinese managed^r^ r,... ^o'L?"^"^ ^"^^"^ ^ ^^^7' ^«^ «°ld' 18>154 ounces, valued at $342 364- wolf- ram, 942,571 pounds; and scheelite, 759,696, pounds. The coal Output in 19i7w'ri55T27^ a««stance m extending both the oil expressing and^pra ind Jrir^e^u^hari^ been added to the forest reserves, the total now being 2,241 sauare mileZrR iTf^!! of the entire area of the Federated Malay States. '^^ **"' Railways, Telegraphs, Telephones, Post Offices- Thor. .~> o»n i » Money, Weights and Measures; As in Straits Settlements. Language: English. Shipping Routes: Shipments to the Federated Malay States are ordinarily made via the Straif. ^^^^ ments ports of Singapore or Penang. See under Straits Settl^mentr ''^"' """TtroW^ '''' '^'^ '"'^^* '"'" "^ *'^ ^^^^ "^" "^"-' to^-co and MALAY STATES— UN FEDERATED 495 Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required. Cable Rates: From New York or New England States, $0.94 per word. postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Thirty days. Parcels Post: Goods can be sent by parcel post to the Malay States via England at the regular 12 cent rate plus transit charges. Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. THE MALAY STATES NOT IN FEDERATION These states are five in number as follows: Johore, Kedah, Perils, Kelantan and Trengganu. JOHORE Johore has an area of 7,500 square miles and a population, 1911, of 180,417, of whom 102,219 are Malays, 63,405 Chinese, and 5,659 natives of India. The state Ues at the extreme southern end of the Malay Peninsula. Commerce Imports, 1917: $9,744,274. Foodstuffs, drinks, and narcotics, $5,846,570; raw materials, $1,149,234; manufactured articles $2,282,990; coin and bullion, $125,041. Exports, 1917: $27,630,568, rubber, $21,213,362; gambler, $829,808; pepper, $369,936 copra, $1,045,184; arecanuts, $784,560; tin, $2,331,392. There are 376 miles of road. KEDAH Situated on the west coast of the peninsula, north of Province Wellesley and Perak, has an area of 3,000 square miles, and a population 1911, of 245,986, of whom 195,411 are Malays, 33,746 Chinese, 8,135 Siamese, and 6,074 Indians. The principal product of Northern Kedah is rice, and of Southern Kedah rubber, cocoanuts, and tapioca is cultivated on large estates. The territory is in daily communication with Penang. Highways, Railways and Telegraphs There are 210 miles of macadamized roads and an excellent telephone system, territory is connected by railway with the Federated Malay States and Siam. The PERLIS Situated on the west coast of the Peninsula, north of Kedah. Has an estimated area of 316 square miles, and a population 1911, of 32,746, of whom 29,497 were Malays, 1,627 Chinese, 1,338 Siamese. The principal agricultural product is rice. Rubber production in 1918, amounted to 25,342 pounds, and cocoanuts are grown. There were 7,800 head of cattle in 1915. In 1918, 154 tons of tin were mined, and there are extensive guano deposits. There are 14 mUes of macadam, 20 miles of gravel, and 14 mUes of earth road. '1 496 ill I EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS KELANTAW P ^f """"i m^. ^^L'^T^ ""^ *^^ Peninsula and has an estimated area of 5,870 square miles Population 1911 286,751 of whom 5,355 wen. Siamese and 9,844 Chines^. The TpS Kota Bahru with a population of 12,000. ^"-pii-ai is Commerce SI mIIaTI' ^^^ «''P«^«2 548,297; total importe, »1,229,975 (1916, $1,860,613 and nuts, $93,471, fish, $74,481; copra, $201,593; Para rubber, $2,016,837. Chief imports, 1917: Opium, $29,912; cattle, $15,148; fish, $14 636- rice $60 ^fi-!- wheat a^d flo.^ $23,552; milk, $18,947; sugar, $41,540; tobacco $77Sl; Zi mm' ♦ii5,dy4, cement, $16,975; maehmery and metal goods, $93,983. Production and Industry The principal industry is agriculture and the cultivated area comprises about 236 000 acr^. Prmcipal products are rice, grown on 104,200 acres; cocoanuts, on 36 900 ac^ rubber, on 70,850 acres; betel-nuts, resin, rattan, bamboo, tkpioca, suglr Le Tm a^d' tZ it^^r !.' *';'' ^'^*^ '^ ""^''"^ "'"^ J""«'« containing mufh valuable timber 2ZZ "^-rn, f '"'"'^' ''"', 't-'^ '•^ °f B""^*'- Sheep, goats, and po^t^' are raised The mmeral resources of the country, which are almost entirely in British hands, but as yet largely unworked, comprise gold, pyrites, tin, and galena The principal manufacturing industries are silk-weaving, boat building and brick mahng Roads have not been developed to any extent. Th;re is a bi-w^kly boat "nd raU serv.ce between Tumpat and Kuala Lebir, about 60 miles up the rivir The c' ttel ^r kiL^f4';.^:sr"'°" ^'" '-'• -' «-■=-• -' »- -'-^^ TRENGGANU mated Tfi ^ '^^ '"'"'* f the Peninsula between Pehang and Kelantan. Area is esti- StL' '''T '^'^"'\ Population 1911, 154.037. Capital and principal ^wn Kuala Trengganu, with a population of about 14.000. Commerce expoS'im 'dS'^h "^.il^! !"""*" i" '^" ^"^ "^"^ '''^"' il,m,m. Chief ;Tpet $546rwo^fL**::^^ is^^ s •^^t.'^f ^is'^r^ "'-^ goods. ,122,744; raw silk $22,380; tobkc«>, S39,19.:'Su„:"^4Si"^t77r Production and Industry - -Jft '"'*"!*"f °f *•>« <»"ntry. and »« character are similar to those of Kelantan The capital has telephone service, but there are no railways, telegraphsTtmnkt^'inThe state^ Commun.cat.on with the interior is by means of river boats and go,5^,^t!v^ Lt boats. There b regular steamer connection with Singapore and Bangkok. OMAN 497 OMAN An independent state in southeastern Arabia; its independence is guaranteed by r«af Bri^rL France. lU area is estimated at about 82,000 «q"-e -^^ S^tionTt about 500,000, principally Arabs. The capital is Muscat, which, with the '^Ltn" W of Muttrkk, has an estimated population of 24,000. Commerce is mostly Kv,rLd^atistrare ^ven only for the ports of Muscat and Mattrak, but protected JraTa.^ cai tn t^wTth the interior, which since 1913 has been in a state of poUt.<«^ X^ A^culture is primitive. Camels are bred. Mineral resources are sa.d to be extensive, though undeveloped. Commerce Total exports 1917-1918, $764,308; chiefiy dates, «355,018; fruit, $9,217; fish, $12 548; limes $4,629r«.tton goods, $15,395; hides and skins, $2,357. To*al imports for 1917-1918 mTm cWefly rice, $262,647; coffee, $63,578; sugar, $39,913; piece goods $^3,579, i^ ;nd siT^ds, $6,480; twist and yarn, $19,633; wheat and other gram, $19,4a_ ^fis principaUy m the hands of British Indians and chiefly with that country. The Si duto S^ 5 per cent ad valorem. There is a mail boat weeldy te and from Bom^rld th?re is cable connection with the Indo-European telegraph system. The ^l^^^Zof exchange is the Maria Theresa ^on^'f^'>l^l2^^::Zl^^Z'Z circulates. The weights in use are: 1 Kujas-the weight of ^ /loUa^ " ^'^^^Vfa sold Kujas = l Maskat Maund; 10 Maunds = lFarasala; 200 Maunds=2 Bahar. Ri^e^W by the bag; other cereals by the foUowing measures: 40 Pal.s=l Farrah, 20 Jarrahs 1 Khandi. f i! '♦ •^ I 498 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS PERSIA . , . . Area and Population A large country in Asia, bounded by the Caspian Sea Persian Pxnlf »nH i u- o It has an area of about 628,000 square mUes, and m about flm^nlf !l ^™*"*° ^' west, and about 700 from north to south ""*" '" '"'«*'• ^'°™ «'«' '« The population is estimated at 9,500,000. The princioal eiti«. nr» ToX. *i. (population about 290,000), Tabriz 200 000 IsoahaT^n^ M^ /^"' '''*'=*P'"". Barfurush and Shiraz 50,Oo6, Yez. 45m^XZZZZttm The'" '"''^1 ports are Bushire, Bender Abbas and Mommerah on the PeraZ G^Tri A.T "^^T^ guez, Enzeli and Mechedissar on the Caspian Sea. ' ^'"^' ^'"^"- Commerce Trade of the United States with Permn r^Jf of ,o*;,.„ r ^ oiaies witp rersia. (Statistics are for fiscal years ending June 30) . Total foreign trade for six years Years Imports Exports Years 1911-12. 1912-13. 1913-14 . $55,424,261 55,168,348 57,045,836 Imports Exports $40,900,272 42,411,591 40,279,645 1914-15 1915-16. 1916-17. Imports by commodities for three $40,445,065 37,592,100 70,723,206 $32,080,665 30.547,904 62,018,460 years : Commodities 1914-16 Cottons . Sugar... Tea Gold and silver bars. Gold and silver coin. Petroleum Yarn. 1915-16 1916-17 Flour Woolens .' Indigo and cochineal . Haberdashery Rice. Spices Wool '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Animals '.'.',*.'' Silk goods !.*.'.'*.' Tin. zinc and lead . ". .* .' .* .* ! .* ! .* Tobacco Copper and nickel . ". '. .* .' .* ! .'.., Iron and steel Iron and steel, manufactured . Timber Silkworm eggs [[[ $11,360,000 10,176,800 1.852,720 1.816.320 313..520 1,042,880 841,760 712,400 693,760 89,280 592,000 661.680 262,800 107,200 215,520 299.680 133,280 22.5.120 239.280 399,680 836,560 304.160 230.720 $11,120,000 9,980.400 2.743.360 726.720 270.240 859,520 891,520 370.640 138,480 19,520 334,640 626,880 236,240 145.920 118,400 104,880 38,560 168,000 27,600 602,320 1,947,120 377,040 92.960 $15,069,600 6,552.640 1.851,280 1,520,880 928,640 1.047.680 1.484,080 531,200 221,840 325.760 419,040 876,240 164,240 149,520 302,000 230.640 92,720 64,800 24.720 227,120 1.040,320 300,720 66.800 PERSIA 499 Exports by commodities for three years: Commodities 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 Fruits Carpets Cotton Fish Rice • : Gold and silver coins Gums Opium Wool Cocoons Skins Animals Silk stuff Cottons Hides Silk ••••• Wheat and barley. . . ; • Pearls and other precious stones Drugs Timber Tobacco Pptroleum $4,131,600 2,060.960 5,878.720 604.000 1,710,000 1,082,400 452,800 3,315,680 976.560 522,000 588,320 775,840 261,200 196.480 1,031,760 86,320 592,720 29.760 178.960 142,720 79,200 $5,730,800 1,036,320 5,711,120 6,249.280 4,942.240 403,920 599,760 3,338,560 1,269,360 273.440 828.640 379.920 309.840 177,280 524,480 44,480 386,240 222,720 65,760 141,920 1,740,640 $7,234,080 1,077,680 4.278,000 789,600 5,041.360 174.880 697,280 3.327.760 1,543,200 167.360 701.680 1,330.480 240.320 167,280 416.720 48.080 215.520 70,960 192.080 55,360 428,480 5,339,200 Foreign trade by principal countries of origin and destination for 3 years: From or To Imports 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 Exports 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 Afghanistan Germany Austria-Hungary Belgium China Egypt... United States British Empire . France and colonies Italy •••.•• Netherlands and colonies Russia Switrerland Turkey Muscat Oman $273,132 1,441,476 308,775 626,940 28,042 772 34,992 11,994,480 899,100 320,819 38,952 22,557,007 47,239 1,545,323 25,029 129,674 $242,173 32. .562 17,010 26,001 546,750 12,150 23,376 13.714,774 24,931 65,551 51.030 21,607,074 2,575 757,270 275,562 131.220 $806,743 206,200 62,888 190,716 488,624 512.467 41,018 32,807,143 273,073 27,138 563,760 32,506,596 20,572 1,321,108 16,169 763,839 $240,327 114,235 43,035 18.720 1,944 434,187 357.453 7,154,080 90,882 12,490 139,482 21,259,584 1,944 1,735,020 22,958 451,008 $138,072 9,379 1,944 $234,290 6.609 648,848 683,656 6,179,149 41,310 115.911 24 21,640,802 717,336 171,072 327,517 2,430 3,347,266 1,360,576 12,460,165 2.201 '42,800,829 978,089 9,720 837.198 Russia formerly controUed about 64 per cent of the trade of Persia, and the British Empire about 30 per cent. It is probable that Great Bntein wiU, m the future^ control the greater part of Persia's foreign trade as a result of diplomatic advantages re- cently acquired by treaty. Production and Industry The principal producte of Persia are wheat, barley, rice, fruits, gums, especi^y gum tragacanth, wool, cotton, silk and pearl. The opium industry is extensive. The b^t wool is that produced in Khorassan. Persian rugs and carpete, all of winch are hand made are an important article of export, especiaUy to the United States. The centers of this industry are at Tabriz, Nermau, Hamadau, Teheran, and Sultanabad. The mineral deposits of Persia are of great importance, especiaUy the petroleum fields. Iron, lead and copper are produced in the province of Azerbaijan; lead is also found ncM Khaikal. Coal is produced near Tabriz. Extensive deposits of copper and ux>n are found I (:■ i 500 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS the southern coast line on the Perel^^if „lphtha Zanrt """iT^ "" ^*™'"- ^°°« factoring is negUgible with the e^eept^niu'e^l^fJ^^ZsT^ "^ '^'^- '*""'■ per ^n^rbt: S^S" lritn''e:t;^'^r ^T" «" ^' -^''- ^^-«» 'o- that it will an.o;„>t to 60of^or 7 W to^ZuX" "'""''^' '* " "''"'"*' con>;::;:sTtrAn^tyeii'rc^^^^^^^ world. We« refineries ex.Xg to de^°„^ thTJ ttfiT. ^'^^Tt ■""* P""^<= ■° t^e obtained would produce about 4 om«' being have to be Icept shut downtr tin'^ih^i" ^de^lf ^. ^k" ' "i ""^ "*"»' •---" richness of this field is given brthe atet.m!n* .w .^ *^ ""* ''""'^- ^""> '^ea of the .ce^thatofthewho,e^fthe''Ltntr;J.£^^^^ aebent^reT^ -^th: reSrr;^e!!^r LT "^d""*^'' f '^^^'«^ ^'^'^ <>' capital, $10,706,300 is held by the British clv^nl Tlf*^"""^ ''^™'- ^ ""» ftal the Government in 1914 agr^ t^ l"o^de "' *'"'* """ "P'^"**"? the amount The company now owns 22 vessels of « f/it.i j«.j ■ u. including the nine tankers of the Sel S^l^.K ^.'"ll * '^^"''^^ °^ '^^'^'S tons. In addition there are nine other S^eraTf ?! ^m f '" , T ^"' '^"'^^ P"""""^' being managed, thus provididng ^t:^ nUt^Z^Z^^r^nZt'' ^'''' "^ Commtinications ; There are six mUes of railway extending from Teheran t^ Sh.K *i,j . • railway from Julfo, on the Russian frontier to Tabriz Th .^''>'>-AMul-az.m, and a with 6,312 miles of line and 131 stations a laLenartnfl^t " " "'f*"" "^ **'««^»P'"' government. There are 218 post offi^ -ZTSlf ^^'*' "' ^"'^"^ ''^ *•-« British camel, the latter, however, bei^g use^^y fLmTaXrNUXr" "' "'' ""^ '' Money, Weights and Measures: counfrro-n rs^T L^i^°"^L^e Ztt ^^ If S*^-"^!^ ^^ <>' *^« normal value of 10.08 U. S. currency. Silver <»Lf^ f 2 »^^'' '^"' "" proximate Nickel 2 and 1 shahi pieces are also ooin^ r!^^ ' lu ' '™^' '"■ ^ ^'"1 ^ shahis. (5 krans) aad dohazari (2 kmns) Xd «,,„? ?'' *''* ""^' t^" ''™°8) penjhazari gold kran is supposed tol'Z ,e ^t^ZfZV.^^rT'' r''' "" '^'^« ">« constantly. Accounts are reckoned in^sa^ Tm^™"' '""^ ^'''"•' f ''°''' fluctuate thousandth of a silver kran. The Impe"ialZ.k oTp T. !? u""" "^'"^ "'""'^ ""e Escompte (affiliated with the Russian^^:^ ra^C^^T pl^tK. ''' "'"^"^ ■>' The unit of weight is the batman, equivalent fnf\KAr^A measm. is the zar. which varies. acco^inTtoiv'^lTtJTi'""' ''"' ""* »' Languages: ^ PERSIA 501 Consular Representatives : United States consular officials are stationed at Tabriz and Teheran. Persian consular officials are stationed at San Francisco, Chicago, St. Louis, Jersey City-Hoboken, New York City, Philadelphia. Shippuig routes: There are no direct shipping routes to Persian ports from New York, and goods are ordinarily shipped via Aden, or via English or Italian ports. Customs Tariff: Both ad valorem duties, usually either 5 or 10 per cent., and specific duties are levied by the Persian customs tariff. Consular regulations: No consular documents required. No restrictions aa to marks, weights, etc. Cable rates: To Bushire via Azores-Malta-Fao, $0.74 per word; via Azores-Bombay, $1.03 per word; to Bender Abbas via Malta, $0.86 per word; via Bombay, $0.92 per word, from New York or New England States. Postal rates: Postal Union rates. Man time: To Bender Abbas, via Brindisi, 33 days; to Bushire, via Brmdisi 31 days. Parcels Post* Goods can be sent by parcel post to Persia via England at the regular 12 cent rate plus transit charges. Money orders: Issued (for certain post-offices only). International reply coupons: Not issued. j •J i 502 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SIAM (See Map, page 644) A country in Asia bounded by French Indo-China, Burma and thp <^uih nu- a n ha. an ar^a of 195,000 aqua., n^es, being thus .L.TZV^ 1 Arizona a^uth together, and a population (1915-16) of 8,819,868. «nzona ana Utah The climate is tropical, and the most suitable time for travel is durins the drv »«,= from November to January. The rainiest and hottest months arelS^L^A^Z" latio^f^J^I ^^JTZ^t^'St^^^ t^- 1:;^: ^^than 13 feet draught from ^^^^^Zt^,^ :^rZoZZtZZ:^^^. are of various nationalities, including British. Dutch.TnZ' ^d I't^ia:'" Tht Tr/om": Siamese firms of growmg importance who are able to make direct importations Area and Population The area of Siam is estimated as 195,000 square miles Accordin„ m fi,. n: • . figures for 191^16 the total population of he country Cs' 819 fiT^ff ^ !l "' eighteen monthons, or departments (the figun. frBa^ngirk a^ ffmO) """' Department Population (1915-16) Department Krung Teb (Bangkok). Krung Kao Chantaburi Surat Nakorn Chaisri .* Nakorn Rachasima. . . . Nakorn Sawan Nakorn Stritamarat. . . Patani Prachinburi '. . ' 941.526 650,355 143,910 176.791 306,007 550,196 315,816 502,343 294,806 355,291 Population (1915-16) Pisanulok Bayab Petchabun . . Puket ; Rajaburi. . Roi Et Ubon Rajatani Udorn Total 274,625 1.277,105 79,719 233,052 414.654 645,665 901,341 756,484 8,819,686 Commerce Trade of the United States with Siam. (Statistics are for fiscal years ending June 30.) Exports to. . Imports from Exports to Imports from. Calendar Year 1919 $1,128,872 109,442 «1, 148,484 156,981 12,113.851 173,231 $1,937,977 223.827 SIAM 503 Foreign trade of Siam (sea-borne, through Bangkok) for 3 years by principal countries of origin and destination: — Countries Imports from 1913-14 1916-17 1917-18 United States Australia Austria-Hungary. . Belgium China ; Cochin Cbma Denmark ; Dutch Possessions . France Germany Hongkong India Italy Japan Netherlands Russia Singapore Switzerland United Kingdom. . All other countries , Total, $1,066,171 68,357 169,696 608.112 3,250.684 311,838 219.953 997,868 565,428 2,458,889 5,375,366 3,451,617 304,055 777,339 523,033 9,104 5,741.655 237,029 7.238.206 218,070 $33,591,870 $1,627,166 64,600 410 14,299 3,171.990 257,016 161,145 1,279.066 263,008 15.021 5,974,474 4.068,127 185,941 2,160,180 401,183 1,536 5,641,894 107,118 6,795.373 312,940 $1,775,529 102,787 2,234 5,643 3,158,422 332,590 47,107 1,568,982 208,108 Exports to 1913-14 1916-17 1917-18 $32,502,487 6.455,514 5.760.893 56.549 2,767.872 271.895 20 6,126,836 98,078 6,836.864 342,807 $35,918,730 $55,450 807 609.421 825.779 123.228 40.609 61,123 444.758 155.604 2,747.266 13.771,592 725,451 176,130 220,097 3,080,019 3,959 16,530,756 2,901 2.151.860 1.015,713 $112,576 2,859 206,663 113,960 325.795 747,176 11,024 $148,819 10,640 363,437 191,028 90.259 1,317,620 4,007 $42,742,523 14,749.479 1,078,128 1,628 101,076 195 24,704,977 2,000.161 793,300 14,808,238 1,643,665 202,262 4.336 24.672.336 1.766.756 580.765 $44,948,997 $45,804,168 Foreign trade of Siam by principal classes for five years: Classes — Imports 1914-15 1915-16 191&-17 1917-18 1918-19 General merchandise . Alcoholic liquors Opium Gold leaf Treasure Total. $24,879,224 602.736 1.069.684 1.126.595 1,358,344 Exports Rice Teak Other goods. Re-exports . . Treasure. . . Total. 29,036,583 31,578,232 1,866.450 3,388,654 523,190 251,504 $24,737,360 690,731 1,118,340 773,485 596,602 $29,345,151 837,874 1,025,649 1,062,825 230,988 27,916,518 32,449,847 1.817.391 3,952,143 709,220 282,227 37,608,030 39,240,828 32,502.487 36.987,188 1.379,174 5,187,740 772,613 122.282 $31,745,423 794,729 2.013,424 1,265,280 99,874 44,948.997 35.918,730 36.208,814 2,037.356 5,820.338 1,089.329 648,331 $34,768,400 592,860 1,108.556 1.631,515 42,678 45,801,168 38,144,009 48,875,662 2,071,041 6.764,399 1,855,964 384,563 59,951,629 Value of principal imports for three years: Articles 1913-14 1916-17 1917-18 Ammunition and explosives Arms Art works. . . ._ Belting, machine Bicycles and parts Biscuits ■ Brass manufactures Carriagee. etc Cement .•.'•■*• Chemicals and medicines.. China and earthenware . . . $45,642 19.007 58,436 35,128 64,494 121,967 284.124 6,167 259,895 487,513 457,016 $45,537 857 819 66,472 39,478 108,639 192,881 15,026 84.447 648,520 432,241 $34,685 2,529 29,660 97,494 33,213 21,882 182,943 9,705 92,847 654,179 339,329 i ^f 1 I Continued on page 504 li 504 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Table Continued: Articles Clocks and watches, etc. Clothing, articles of Coal and coke Copper and copperware. Cordage, twine, etc Cotton goods Cutlery (except tools) ." .' I^estufiFs . Efec fectrical ^oods and apparatus. Embroideries, lace, etc ■■.".; Enamelware Fish: Canned _ All other Flour ■■ ■ Glass and crystalware ........" Gold leaf Gunny bags Hats and caps Hemp manufactures, other than cordage iron and steel manufactures: Bars, section, etc Galvanized sheets, plain or corrugated . Iron or steel sheets and plates Machinery: Marine Milling y... ..[[['.[ Other, and parts Nails, rivets, etc Railway material Railway cars, trucks, etc ." ..'.'."," Wire, and manufactures of , . Other Jewelry: PrSius sto^r''"' ^^^'^^^^ P'^*^ '^"^>- Set Unset Lamps and parts .....*!..!!. Leather manufectures: Boots and shoes . . Other '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Matches '.'.... Matting and rattan goods! . . Meat, preserved Milk, canned Motor cars and parts. Motorovcles. Musical insti Oils: Mineral Lubricating ... Oilcloth," etc Opium Painter's colors Pai»r and manufactvu^ of,' books, etc! perfumery and cosmetics Rubber goods Silk and manufactures: Piece goods Raw „ Other Soap '.'.'.'..'. Spices and condiments. .............'. Sporting goods and games. ....... Stationery other than paper. Sugar and molasses Tea * "WB Tobacco and manufactures . .' ." .' .* .' .* .' '. Treasure, goW coin, etc vSSbh" VegetabiM,dri^'.;. wax Wine, beer, spirits, etc instruments . 1913-14 r7.ii7 72,000 158,606 68,599 140,119 6,762,886 79.576 70.936 415.851 207.122 164.075 119,057 261,738 196,866 190.303 1.528,352 1,711.124 255,555 122,479 194,861 306,378 33,169 110,801 89,788 554.022 113.384 590,464 84,873 37.430 503,963 215.952 37,770 303,411 145.999 55,823 181,099 306.627 426,922 518,373 128,302 244,639 9.640 31.489 874.123 467.563 41.379 827,530 127,306 424,306 158,695 119,508 1,251,204 60,511 107,302 110,456 203,866 24.437 66,360 1,280.392 297,760 39,288 628,077 1.122,482 188,365 14,914 338,538 64,134 714.234 1916-17 $81,976 112,349 367,937 39.043 193.312 6.508,545 57.253 87,360 316,348 160,775 116,260 59,148 302.896 212,307 220,921 1.062.825 1.983.013 235,748 67.410 341,133 64,957 62.407 78.733 2.810 439,978 69,137 137,183 192,487 183,750 390,620 168,246 40,344 228.982 140.250 58.148 258,310 661,064 421,655 52,125 118,342 214,692 7,905 25,164 1.312.289 100,753 32.270 1.025.649 211,762 603,451 201,959 165.081 1,115.124 45.702 120.169 158.269 238.505 92,723 100.295 1,203.429 295.071 29.535 829,098 230,988 160,966 16,699 414.843 40.415 837.874 1917-18 $56,870 103,568 645,673 49,708 281.122 8,979,420 96,489 59,026 307,371 112.389 76,561 18,800 351,800 284,552 194,356 1,265,280 2.304,389 243,070 68,340 241.979 38,589 86.774 37,404 3,093 242,723 61,322 11.411 24,964 197,579 371,923 46,576 38,998 70,542 63,687 49,316 235,981 501,124 460,812 37.138 148.974 152,823 19,364 19,605 1.681.004 116.063 20.807 2.013.424 141,437 657,636 177,910 166.800 1,020,667 109,371 103,371 227,400 170,056 100,591 91,411 162,608 316,478 22.091 861.666 99.874 139,623 22.244 431,237 68.964 794.739 Continued on page 505 SIAM .505 rnhle Continued: Articles Wood and manufactures: Planks, etc Furniture Other manufactures . . Woolen goods Yam, cotton: White Colored: Turkey red Other Zinc and manufactures . Another articles Total. 1913-14 $3$62,823 125.495 41,659 150.872 388.543 130,298 359,802 60,103 2,772,616 1916-17 1917-18 $255,751 49.721 59.702 129.336 306.960 61.595 262,185 32,830 3,693,833 $33,591,870 $32,502,487 $176,454 22.460 62,889 142,492 604,409 89.767 566,338 37.333 4,651.579 $35,918,730 Value of principal exports: Articles 1913-14 Armadillo skins. Bones Cardamons • • • Copra. Cotton. Damar. Fish. Gamboge . .^ Gum benzoin. . . Hides and skins. Horns. Lac, stick or crude Mussels Pgodbf •..••••• • ** Precious stones (including re-export) . Rice and paddy Rubber. Salt. Silk and manufactures: Piece goods Raw Wolfram (tungsten) ore. Wood: Teak Agila and others All other articles Total. $11,315 5,901 44.128 2.668 116,283 2,889 666.173 13.147 11,888 908,617 56,670 173.907 313,378 318.704 177.139 36,518.687 33,431 43.253 345,102 130.688 395 1.952,216 278,313 517,631 $42,742,523 Imports of foodstuffs for three years: Articles 1913-14 Biscuits Butter Cereals Cheese Fish: Sardines, canned. . ■ ■ Salmon, canned Flour Meat, preserved Milk, canned Molasses Spices and condiments. Sugar xea ...«.*• Vegetables, dried $535,296 41,469 167.426 11,893 96.581 481,756 3,950,186 98,947 803.892 6.384,051 3.498,815 20.545.101 619.454 4,981.767 191&-17 $12,066 8.990 82,462 581 32,589 15.718 557,530 38,210 1,687 960,979 31,786 273.161 177,006 221,677 218.265 36,987.188 12,671 83.065 439,422 211,212 59,961 1,879,174 539,805 2,103.793 $44,948,997 1916-17 $327,872 36.454 129,212 6,639 33,675 162.629 2.833.248 73.770 524,510 10,007,074 3,725,584 10,595,230 648.038 5.186.444 1917-18 $11,605 6.648 73.988 352 31.342 5,077 426,343 81.172 3.857 915.123 22,990 171.105 229.916 368,610 185,651 36,208,813 13.228 118.228 557.189 225,154 16.487 2,037.356 490.973 3.602,961 $45,804,163 1917-18 $57,402 42.644 150,655 5.029 6.314 8,570 3.074.921 48.627 429.292 9.658,430 2.692,387 13.922,429 597,776 4.247.574 506 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SIAM 507 Exports of foodstuffs for three years, in tons: Articles Cardamons Copra Fish Mussels, dried . . Pepper Rice and paddy. 1913-14 .tons .tons .tons .tons .tons .tons 1916-17 1917-18 136 41 15,262 2.169 1.284 1,314.858 183 13 12.880 1.765 976 1.318.966 120 9 13,268 2.226 1.249.27 6 Production and Industry The principal agricultural product of the countryis rice, the total croo in IQi 'wIAK • reported as 5,180,600 tons. Much land has been reclaimed by iLi^^^^^^^ yield of paddy in 1915-16 was 4 4fiSQn^ «K«.f * anueu oy urigation. The total 1917-18 Lounted to 1 24q^^fi t !, f ' *^^ ^"^'^ ^ ^""'^^ ^^^^^t^es in animals were reported in 1916 as totallintT IvrTcr ^ ^ ^^"^^ domestic Mttip in>! ft7a k ■"*""' ™ totaumg 4,567,527, and as consistmg of 2,336 930 heaH nf cattle, 105,678 horses and pomes, 2,120,180 buffaloes and 5,333 elephanto and B^r"T"'^F'^'"'^ T ^""^ '^'~«e, pepper and salt, dried 6sh, lae cattle (12,074 594) in 1917 n. ^ ' ^' f . . ' ^"'^ *°'" "* ^^"'> "^"'^ >' J1,636,31S ^^^^o,^ZZ^:^l^ZL^^ZZ^"^^^''o"^-^^- The norma. «oat cessio^'^AmfB^o^l""* is*"" " 7" ?^"" ~''"™ ""' '"^«°« '^"^ — while defectlX af ^we^iito E ^Z "'" *" ""k"" ''^ '^^ '""^ '"'° «''"'^- givcn as 40 cubic fe^r ZZZJ , ""^u^ *^"'"'' '*'"*°*» °' ^l^ ^l"*™ « .on. tho.frorjr.&sL"' =XS L^Te.XS;'-'- " andr^^rssr^--^^^^ M.arr£^«:th:r"c:i^;!^^^^^^ b^ aS^^ShLlC/tf "-^ " '''^"* '•"«' tons.*T.^'trt isX"^ firms L noTttivdv Tnlf * ..'"^"'- °T* *° *''* ^"^^ *''*' " """"be' "f '■>«■> peninsS^ Z ^fl'^T'"^ ,*''^ mmeral-bearing areas throughout the entS ab^SOoT^nrft^ *^-^ for workmgs according to modem methods. At present Its ; « '^S^ti^'t^"'*? T ""^^ "^'^ "^"^ """^ "y Chinese mS March 31 mltllttm7J'^:„Zt^..^, '"^"""°" '"' ""^ ^^""'' >'«" ^-ded The Siamese Government coUects a royalty on tin and tin ore amountmg to about 25 per cent of the market price of metallic tin in Singapore, the fluctuations m value at the utS place being adjusted and the rate reckoned according to a royalty scale pubhshed ^Ae Siamese dovenunent Gazette from time to time. WhJe the actual percentage of 1 aUic tin in the ore can not be ascertained, the Government, for revenue coUec tmg 1™ estimates the tin ore which is exported from the east coas of Siamese Malaya I ^^ 65 per cent, and that from the west coast 70 per cent metalUc tm Of the total output of tin in 1917-1918, from Siamese Malaya, amountmg to 153 782 Diculs (9,153.6 long tons), 131,999 piculs, (7,S57.11ongton8), were recovered m the d^tnct of^et; 1^520 picute (8^4.7 long tons), in Patani, 5,899 piculs (351.1 long tons), m Nakon Sritamarat, and 2,364 piculs (140.7 long tons), in Surat. Output of metallic tin in Siamese Mayala for 11 years ended March 31, 1918. Fiscal year Tin from dredging Tin obtained by other methods Total tin output from all sources Piculs Long Tons Piculs Long Tons Piculs Long Tons 1907-«.. 1908-9. . 1909-10. 1910-11. 1911-12. 1912-13. 1913-14. 1914-15. 1915-16. 1916-17. 1917-18. 467 2.428 7,372 11,451 23.317 32,946 30.026 29.686 46.829 47,298 61.343 27.8 144.5 438.8 681.6 1,387.9 1,961.0 1,787.2 1.767.0 2.787.4 2,815.3 3,056.1 71,971 77.659 71.911 70.804 76.310 77.678 83.336 81.045 104,346 99,961 102,439 4,283.9 4,622.5 4.280.4 4.214.5 4.542.2 4.623.6 4.960.4 4.824.1 6.211.0 5,950.0 6,097.5 72,438 80,087 79,283 82.255 99,627 110,624 113,362 110.731 151.175 147,259 153.782 4,311.7 4.767.0 4.719.2 4.896.1 5.930.1 6,584.6 6.747.6 6,591.1 8.998.4 8.765.3 9.153.6 It is beUeved that there are yet great possibiUties for ""^B f velopmente m Siam. Hitherto, because of hick of adequate faciUties for transportation it has b^^Jl^^ "^^^"^ bearing ^reas situated near the centers of popuUvtion that have ^1^^°^'^"'^ vast mountain ranges and slopes on the Burm^iajn frontiers have been n^tected Fu^ ther extension of the Siamese-Malayan system of raJways by ^rai^ch Imeejnto th^ unprospected regions offers fair chances for advancmg the Kingdom s fame as a mimng center, especially tor tin and tungsten, and possibly for molybdenum. RailwaTS.Teleeraphs, Telephones, Post Offices: Xay Sge 1917, 1,227. Length of telegraph Un^, *-^'j^'^l^'^:^^. miles; number of offices, 78. There were two telephone exchanges with 794 '^t™^, there are two wireless stations. Post offices number 285, of which four do a foreign money order business. "°"sI;:^irSra^yr:rrb.U.Theunitof currency is thesUver^^^^^ imately 10.36 United States currency. SUver coins are 2 salmjg equa <» >«f » ^l^^^r^ about 10.18 United States currency), and one salung (^o^h about $0.09 UmtedStet« currency). Nickel coins are the 10 santang. equal to A tical and 5 santang. Bro^ coin, one santang. Currency notes are issued by the government for 5, 10. 20, 100. and ''•^T^riincipal measure of weight is the tical. equal to 0.525 ounc^; 4 ^-^ -^^f to 1 tamlung (2.1 ounces); 20 tamlungs are equal to 1 chang (or catty). (2.675 PO-indsK The priBcip^ measures of length are the niu. equal to 0.83 mch; 12 mu. eq,^ to 1 ke^ (10 inches); 2 keup equal 1 sok (20 inches); 4 sok equal 1 wah (80 inches); 20 wah equal 1 sen (133 feet) and 400 sen equal to 1 yote. , 508 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Language: reepoIl'cT'*' °' *'^ ~""*'^ ^ ^'--' ^"* E»«^'' " ««<1 '- foreign trade ^. Local Advertising Media: The press of Siam is centered at Bangkok. Principal dailies are printed in thp Pn i- u language, but there are several good Siamese and Chinese pape^ "^ ^" ^^^^^ Consular Representatives: United States has a vice-consul at Bangkok Siam has consuls in San Francisco, Chicago * and New York City Shipping Routes: Customs Tariff: weiin^'^e '""'""*' "" '^"^- ^'°''=«' "-' '^^y -«"-". O-tity, net mpnf?^"'"*''* r™*** °""* "^ °''*^°*<^ f™-" »»>« Government of the Straita Settle- menta at Singapore for motor cars and accessories exported via Singapore Cable Rates: From New York or New England Stat«, $0.94 per word. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Via London, forty days. Parcels Post: Money Orders: Issued to Bangkok and Chiengnai. International Reply Coupons: Issued. SIBERU (See Under Russia in Europe) SIKKIM An Indian state in the Himalaya Mountains south of Thibet with an arP>. nf 9 fti« square miles and a population (1911) of 87Q90 Tf i- * / . ^^^^rea of 2,818 The Drinpinnl f«,^o A . 87,920. It is a protectorate of Great Britain. "mcipai exports are gram, vegetables, fruits, wool, lumber and hides Shipping Rootes: See India. STRAITS SETTLEMENTS 509 STRAITS SETTLEMENTS A British colony in the Malay Peninsula, southern Asia, bordering on the Straitp of Malacca including Singapore, an island having an area of 220 square mJes; Penang, an S toving an La of 107 square miles; Province WeUesley, a strip o territory on the Sand with a total area of 270 square mUes, and Malacca, a strip o «emtory 42 mil« ^!!Wng in width from 8 to 24 miles. The population in 1911 was 714 069. AssociatM Scally ^th the Straits Settlements are the Cocos Islands, Christmas Island and Labuan. The seat of government and principal commercial city is Smgapore (populatoon 303 321), which is about as large as Mimieapolis. There are in the Settlements about mooo Chinese, 262,000 Malays and 91,000 natives of India. The mimigration statistjcs for'l915 show 91,730 immigrants from China and 75,320 from India m that year. The laneuage of the Straits Settlements is English. . . ■ • Singapore is a free port and one of the most important coahng stations and shipping ports in the world. It is a port of call for aU steamers between Europe and the Orient^ and is served by more than fifty lines of steamers. It is a commercial center for the Dutch East Indies, French Indo China and Siam, and its trade is extensive The mercantile establishments are of two types, the great wholesale establishments doing an import and export business, which are principally of European nationahty, the retaU shops which are principaUy in the hands of the Chinese, who do not miport directly. There are, however, several large European department stores m bmgapore which do their own importing. . , • i j .i.i.„„„i. The climate of Singapore, and of the Straits Settlements m general, a mild, although Singapore Ues but eighty mUes north of the Equator. There are no defimte changes of eeasons, but May is the hottest month and January the ramiest. Commerce United States statistics of foreign trade also include under the classification ''Straits Settlements" the Federated Malay States, the non-federated Malay States and adjacent islands. As thus classified this trade has been as follows: (Statistics for fiscal years ending June 30.) ---==^======== 1013 1914 1915 1916 Exports to. . IiipoBxe from $3,606,901 35,712,185 $4,184,674 26.307.860 $3,845,765 24.989.878 $4,585,231 82,114,598 Calendar Year 1919 Exports to. Imports from . $7,734,439 89.984.94j6 $8,810,297 159.188.127 $12,200,452 137,576,918 $12,134,504 145.862,447 Foreign trade of the Settlements for three years: Imports Exports Classes 1915 1916 1917 1915 1916 1917 Live animals, foods, drinks, and narootics Raw materials Manufactured and partlv manufactured articles $93,247,000 108.838,000 40,280,000 6,083,000 $107,281,000 140,046,000 53,690,000 6,750,000 $135,099,000 165,176.000 59,786,000 7,082,000 $76,490,000 122,236,000 27.546,000 3,062,000 $86,383,000 158,110,000 32,571,000 2,448,000 $104,370,000 211,300,000 36.207,000 2.146.000 Coin and bullion Total $248,448,000 $307,767,000 $367,143,000 $229,334,000 $279,512,000 $354,023,000 \i t * i: I! 510 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Value of importa by countries of origin in 1916 and 1917: United Kingdom British India and Burma British North Borneo, fearawak, and Brunei. Wong Kong. . . . Union of SouthAfiica' Australia and New Zea- land .... />t I Ceylon... t^anada Egarpt . * * Other British JPossesaions $27,384,899 26,970,705 6,048,666 20,830,827 1,600,940 3,316,476 269,971 114,573 243,091 4,282 $27,275,913 34,179,669 4,635,866 22,540,538 2,080,850 5,439,289 259,176 593.598 186.950 7,826 China France .'.'.*!.'.'. Denmark '.'..' French Indo-China Italy Japan Netherlands ...!!! Netherlands East India.' Norway Siam .'.'.'.■.'.■■ Spam Sweden United States .....'.'..''. PhiHppine Islands and Sulu •7,819,979 1.873,562 219,805 7,993,634 2,553,142 12,941.267 1,515,674 51.220,356 1,262,193 36,270,154 141,141 236,273 6,776,812 $8,134,093 1.324.70S tn U2.5(H 10.521,947 1.269. .522 19.761,043 444.060 61,537.497 428,402 44,200,2a5 107.541 „ 91.401 9.446.071 266.968 Quantity and value of imports by principal commodities in 1916 and 1917; Articles 1916 Live Animals, Food, Drinks, and Narcotics: Animals Beans and peas. . .*.'.*.'.' Bread and biscuits. *..".' Butter and cheese. .....'.' Chocolate and cocoa Coffee • • • ■ ■ Confectionery*. '.'.'.'.'.'.,', [ [ ' Curry stuffs Drugs and medicines. '. '." ' Fish Flour, wheat Fruits.. Lard .;;;:;;: Malt liquors and wines * .* .' Milk, condensed.. Oilman's stores ■.'.*,'/ l^epper Rice '. Sago Salt ,' Sugar * Tea '.'.'.'.'.'.'. Tobacco . number . . . . tons .tons .tons . . . tons . . . tons . . . tons . gallons . .cases .tons ■ tons .tons .tons -tons .tons .tons Raw Material: Copal Copra . . . Damar Gambier...;;;;: Outta, inferior.., Gutta-percha. . . Hides, raw Nuts Oil: Beniine Liquid fuel Lubricating. . . Peanut Petroleum....". Rattans Rubber, Para.... Textile materials. Timber Tin Im ore . . . . tons . . . . tons . . . . tons ... tons . . .tons . . . tons . . . tons . . . tons . gallons . . .tons . gallons . . . tons • • CSBGS . . .tons . . . tons . . . tons • ••••• . . . tons . . . tons 360,331 19,268 268 2,013 56,590 29.661 V.842' 2,185.112 572,255 2l",335* 880,270 61,955 35,155 93,952 4,563 5,835 4,934 87.857 7,281 4,761 12,556 926 8.111 15.434 1,001,625 137,235 1,438,052 7,326 1,418.512 26,515 8,100 8,037 , 519 24.291 Quantity Value $3,547,207 919.308 565,675 348.628 94.897 650.789 132.566 821.836 1.752.332 6.132,631 2,155,311 1,259,654 400.0.50 3,613.137 3.577.844 1.304.925 5.857.206 36.936.685 2.057.585 348.015 8.602.072 1,504.958 6.734,041 602,220 7,683.031 465,800 821,875 936,107 354.250 2.804.511 925.234 563,186 2.392.008 767.550 1,243,399 2,656.950 1,570,815 7,981.067 730.292 811,549 366,216 13,674,957 1917 Quantity Value 277.138 22.120 104 4,995 43,590 34,811 1.684 2.030.521 455.897 20.576 1,036,540 40,312 42.101 201.671 4.816 4.515 43.802 8.252 3.922 8.207 1,435 5.201 37,770 1,396.695 33.432 984.423 7,162 821.547 21.326 9.770 2.440 482 16,229.258 $3,601,972 1.354,739 148,254 452,189 34,784 1,102,847 89,314 608,709 1,823,963 5.284.440 3.029,021 1,307.719 489.697 3.179.812 3.793.657 1,023.099 5.971.521 47.773.487 1.128.724 477.766 19.927.823 1,763,426 8.501,824 545.542 2.899.343 582.241 658.704 692.341 645.005 2.226.554 2,433,000 648,452 626.633 533.012 1.641.050 1.613.163 1.388.936 9.955.706 385.149 1,050,395 440,535 16,229,258 STRAITS SETTLEMENTS fnhle Continued: Articles 1916 Quality Value .casks .pieces .tons .tons .tons jianufactured Articles: Ammunition Arros, etc. . ... • \pparel. hosiery, etc Bamboo and rattan ware Boots and shoes Books and maps Cement Chemicals Cotton piece goods . Crockery and porcelam Cycles and accessories Hardware and cutlery Hats and caps Hides, tanned. . . . . ... ■ .■• •••:■• India-rubber goods, including tires Iron, corrugated Iron nails Joss sticks and paper Machinery Matches _ v.«««« Mats and matting Motor cars, etc .•••;,:•••.■ Paints, varnishes, and anihne dyes Paper and paper goods Perfumery and cosmetics SaroHRS. slendangs. and kains corges Sewing thread Silk goods Soap Stationery ; • Tar K^,^«o Tin plate • v : • •, * Tools, instruments, and implements Towels, canvas, etc Umbrellas, etc Wooden manufactures Woolen goods Yam • ■ • • • 383,766 '4,828,669* 93,383 34 V,279" 4.504 40,747 371,722 200,142 $197,094 32.286 2,026.089 239.997 387,205 296,949 1.182,598 1.152,277 10,117,022 895,672 416,769 589,554 1.304.266 2.465,447 569.678 18.496 1.149.435 184.106 522.243 589,955 1.906.354 977.635 413.135 1.525.509 630,100 1.420,755 569,233 4,502,568 545,555 1,627,146 683,146 533,185 101.242 1.364.795 386.088 436.865 238.711 996.176 339.390 1.155.246 Quantity and value of principal articles of domestic export: Articles 1916 Tons Value Animals ; • • ; • j: \' Areca nuts and other spices (excluding pepper) Copra Cutch Fish Fruits Gambier Gum: Copal Damar Other Gutta-percha Gutta, inferior Hides, raw Nuts Pepper Rattans Rubber, Para * • • • Sago Shells Tapioca Tin Wolfram and scheelite ores Wool ®1,122 ■73,667' 4.766 45,389 "15,637" 5.856 6,813 " '2.577 ■ 9.862 3,753 9.601 19,339 23,129 59,316 59.964 1.905 31.054 65.231 705 $50,226 4.415.353 6,828.854 403.179 5.418.351 2.955.992 2.487.212 757,050 658,613 430,054 840.191 822.021 936.343 463,404 5.508.595 2.159,900 74.308.447 2.679.448 526.997 2.435.611 55.444,216 562.570 1 .088.509 511 1917 Quality Value • •••■• 383.146 ■4,'789,9ii" 91,057 24 1.453 3,933 44,279 325,721 82.616 • • • • $129,778 28.335 2.022.303 290.118 296.998 265.638 1,180.781 1,102.402 10,032.789 1,237,135 468.698 551,940 1,639.104 2.322,220 332,991 13.496 1.061.528 297.769 486.843 871,969 1.815.479 1.257.941 494,817 1,987.598 588.923 1.329.490 442.676 4.399.361 597.490 1.226.891 818.290 638.483 80.804 830.800 480.738 504.179 252.277 2,136,453 433.301 1.669,289 Tons ® 1,233 77,603 3,162 47,974 11,146' 4,107 5,717 3,921 5,209 2.313 23,352 25.193 19.726 96.592 45,483 1,153 39,782 64,027 1,038 1917 Value $74,448 4.273.787 5.771,567 350.753 5,412.678 1.134.439 1,945,090 505,889 430.483 474.002 1.557.328 432.766 723.483 1.681.271 7.893.547 2.286.377 118.447.759 1.942.010 304,731 4.240.379 66.896.362 922.968 796.802 U .-'I' Ck>ntinued on page 511 Note: ® number. 512 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS STRAITS SETTLEMENTS 513 Value of exports to principal countries of destination in 1916 and 1917: Countries 1916 1917 Countries Denmark. .. France Italy Japan Netherlands SI. 085.000 6.395,000 2,161,000 6,633,000 78,000 1916 SI .766,000 8,614,000 4,078,000 10,137,000 I 1917 Russia, Asiatic . . Spain United Kingdom United States . . . S9, 129,000 355,000 53,123,000 76,341,000 S4 ,569,000 365.000 56.315,000 117.569.000 Production and Industry tin «!?'' """* toportant producto of the Straits Settlements in point of value are rubber ^tT^etT'. In norm« -°'W'» foremost SS^eSi. " " "'"'''"' '° **"* """^"'y of ^OP^" ^^PO^tod in 1917 over Money: The Straite Settlements doUar has a value of 10.568 United States currency. M cents'""" "" "■' '^■^°""' ""■ '" '^'^ « -*"* P'««««. ''°<1 "'PPe' «>ins of 1, H, and ^S"rsLi:T::eirfou'r'* ^"*^'" '^ -''"'^"^ ^^''<^"''' ^''^ -«- *«-. if Dll°it^^tf'' °' !,* ^Z\ ' P1<=»1 = 100 Catty, or 133 M pounds. 1 Koyan = tnt^?^e1.oZ:t705 H3 ^i '"^1''' '-""'^^ ">^ ^'""^ ''«- " »*' "^^ MeasuiU of ^^rZ;t "-/"Sl*-* Pounds. TheSe measures are sometimes used in Penang. anT^I^ul varvtZi r^f ^^'^""^ ■"" '""P"* ("J""*^' The native weighs ana measures vary accordmg to local custom or industrial use. ^ly s4^"^rr°' ''i^Straits Settlements connect with those of the Federated xviaiay oiates. ihe gauge of both is 1 meter. Language: English is the language of trade. Local Advertising MedU: There are two important English daiUes published in Singapore and several Chmese papers. Shipping Routes: Barber Line. American and Oriental Line. American Asiatic Steamship Company. American and Manchurian Line. Consular Regulations: No documents are required and there are no restrictions as to weights, marks, etc. ^"^^ The Straite Settlemente are on a free trade basis. Duties are levied on spirite, beer and tobacco. Cable Rates: From New York and New England, $0.94 per word. Mail Time: About thirty-one day-s to Singapore. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Money Orders: Issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. Parcels Post: , , ,^ , Goods can be sent by parcel post to the Straite Settlemente via England at the regular 12 cent rate plus transit charges. LAfUAN Labuan. an island about 6 miles from the North West Coast of Borneo, has been part of Singapore since 1907. Area 28H square miles. Population 6,860. Principal town Victoria population 1,500. There are about 40 Europeans on the island. Goods can be sent by parcel post to Labuan via England at the regular 12 cent rate plus transit charges. COCOS ISLANDS The Cocos or Keeling Islands, are a group of about 20 small Coral islands, which lie about 700 miles southwest of Sumatra, and 1,200 mUes southwest of Singapore. Population 1911, 749. They are a British possession. CHRISTMAS ISLANDS Christmas Island, is 200 miles southwest of Java and 700 miles east of the Cocos Islands. It is 9 miles in both length and width. The sole source of revenue is the large phosphate deposit. Importe 1916, $170,132, consisting prmcipally of tools, machinery and railway equipment; exporte, $548,317. Phosphate of lime was exported m 1916 to the amount of 44,209 tons (25,738 tons in 1915, 93,785 tons in 1914). Christmas Island is a British possession. W i • ■ i II 514 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS AFRICA ABYSSINIA An independent countrj' in northeast Africa as yet laotelv undevelo^vl if ;. i„ a a on the north by the Italian colony of Eritrea, on the eLt bVSlnXn.h c^ ^T h on the southeast by ItaUan SomaUland, on the south b^Bntlh^tr^'^T"*.".' west by the Sudan. The population is to a larg^ elnt uSet J T^^ ^!' '"'^ "V" and. in the eastern highlands, temperate; there rhT; ^Sn il^^s^t ^a^^^: and a<.nt, silk and silk th,.ad. felt half ^Xlg ^koU^riCIo"^ n;i;;°"T? grey cotton goods is imported yearly, of which the UrZTsf.V^ 30 000,000 yards of cent. The port of Aden in Arab^ isL ^r^^^^^ilT.T^^^.'^^l Area and Population. Area approximately 350,000 square miles; population between S nnn nnn o«^ i a nnn nnn The population is of Semitic origin, and the Z\ t^^7S^J.T,Z ABYSSINIA 515 \e2r0 African tribes. The Abyssinian Christians, about half of the whole population, are of the Copt sect; Christianity having been established in the country since the fourth ^° The country has a great number of market towns or trading centers, but, with the possible exception of Harrar, no large cities. The principal trading centers of interest to IhT American exporter are Harrar (population about 50,000), Dir^ Dawa (population about 20 000) and Adis-Abeba (population 40,000 to 50,000), Gondar, Sokoto, and lamare. The ports for Abyssinia are Djibuti (Jibuti) in French SomaUland, and Massua in ItaUan SomaUland (Eritrea). Commerce. United States exports to Abyssinia in the calendar year 1919 were valued at $9,612, according to official statistics. These are not reliable since shipments to Abyssinia are made via Aden or Egypt and do not appear in statistics of direct trade. There are no statistics of trade compiled by the Abyssinian government. There are four important trade routes to and from Abyssinia as foUows: (1) over the Franco Ethiopian railroad via Djibuti; (2) through northern Eritrea (via Adiquala and Adowa) to the seaport of Massua; (3) through the Sudan (via Got6 Gambela and GaUabat) to Khartum in Egypt in Port Sudan; (4) through British SomaUland to the port of Zeyla, Bulhar or Berbera. Other less important trade routes are from Dessie to Assab on the Red Sea- from Gmir and Dolo in southern Abyssinia to Mogadishu in ItaUan SomaUland; and through Moyale into British East Africa. The foUowing statistics of trade via the principal trade routes give an approximate analysis of the foreign commerce of the country. Imports: (1) Via Franco-Ethiopian railroad from Djibuti to Dir^ Dawa, thence by caravan to Harrar for distribution: Articles 1914 1915 1916 Apparel, wearing: Clothes, ready-made. Hata Shoes Underwear Old clothes Arms and ammunitioii: Cartridges: Military Hunting Powder Rifles Swords Bark Beads, etc. Books . Bottles, empty Building material: Cement Lime Paints Candles Carpets Carts, knocked-down . Chemicals: Alcohol, rectified. Naphthalene. . . . $64,482 91,581 38,880 13.710 197,520 1,518.881 129,499 54,519 7,057,444 $140,643 40.167 13,175 9,642 11,994 19,814 81,084 175,669 110,006 69,624 855 8,140 2,891 12.087 94.794 2,245 271,895 $34,491 11.352 32.775 32.455 141.071 1,496 2.245 6,211 4,281 Coal. Cotton goods: Blankets Unbleached . . . All other kinds. Collections 103,153 326,485 544 119,327 1,356,605 128,644 425,031 '21,616.690' 20,604,096 85,905 1,207.717 97,365 12,636 350,692 62,766 10,711 72,943 '26.'34'l',i8i' 23,374,184 213 79,694 25,169 173.62S 292,528 503,116 74,445 72.516 110.754 87.914 145.566 100,582 ■22.V2b*,685' 20,665.580 Continued on page 516 ;i I ■A I "^ A 516 Table Continued: EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS ABYSSINIA 517 Articles Drugs and medicines: Medicinal plants. . . Other Earthenware Food and drink: Beer Biscuits Butter Canned goods : Fruits Milk AH other kinds. Cereals Confectionery Dates Fish, dried Flour, wheat Fruits, dried Groceries Liquors , Macaroni Maize Mineral waters .... Oil, edible Rice Salt Spices Sugar Tea Vegetables, dry Vinegar Wine Furniture Glass and glassware Glass and straw Incense. Lamps. I Leather ......'. Matting .'..........!!!!!!!!! Metals and manujfactures of: Agricultural machines and other implements. Beds Copper !!.!.,!!!.!!!!!! Construction material Enamel ware Hardware and cutlery Iron, corrugated Iron and tinware Lead, pig Pipes Tools Oils: Kerosene Other kinds, industrial Office furniture and supplies: Furniture Paper: Writing Wrapping Ferf umery Rope . Sacks, empty Saddlery Soap Tar Tobacco : Raw , Manufactured . Wood and timber . , All other articles. . . 1914 $19,707 390,219 209.942 1,178,686 8,675 56.021 58,485 11,673 839,132 2,660,504 349,516 1,654,382 61,163 2.688.036 76,802 45.737 2,538.397 312,988 133.999 ■ 472.158 3,639.921 50,365.083 196,339 6,459.105 231.797 180,106 1,163.586 99,829 1,494.780 974.847 177.273 125,317 512,092 14,030 43,380 2.481,841 237.260 1,732,789 1,890,996 2.701,960 20,781 8,082,529 72,836 Total. 387,862 20,674 329,331 80,442 2,715,078 i. 047.684' 14,565 1.153,292 64,968 128.002 6,049,470 $163,262,541 1915 $23,459 229.119 229.396 65.337 48.308 72.516 15.746 14.891 731,697 847.598 254.931 261,849 17,317 1,313,653 ias.183 182,736 2,587,775 63.588 67.588 ■ 783,436 1,151,333 76,147,392 720,344 4,318.775 216.960 54,198 31,769 1,097,627 190,769 593,804 24.956 2,704,796 21,102 157,536 91,688 292,313 63,627 32,668 7,878.735 52,055 505,041 2.466.192 410.314 2.784 • ••••■••(.at 16,815 13.990.102 369.437 30.525 171.261 222.369 176.097 34.063 2.770.642 452 2,708.890 168.491 427.390 83.906 332.375 4,184.236 $205,074,307 1916 $4,286 248.199 176.845 98,439 28,494 16.067 35.988 11.032 563,959 799,071 101,544 1,079.722 31.706 786.254 34,170 261,035 1,343,002 79,281 865 46,272 343,517 1.173,714 8,593.623 491,357 5.290,839 131.783 112.790 40.809 639.964 57.979 313,964 2.357 627.688 27.420 162.066 16,922 124,036 151,675 19,172 • •••■•••••I 11.566 028,150 1,714.42^ 637,972 72.516 2.784 3.374.256 135.069 8.247 156.385 154.246 169.881 10.069 2.732.918 2.464 1,607.785 22.929 514.683 156.598 38.038 3.059,805 $167,276,639 (2) Via Massua, by railroad to Asmara, aad by caravan to Adequala: Articles 1914 Quantity Pounds Value 1915 Quantity Pounds Value Chemicals and medicines Cotton piece goods, unbleached Cotton textiles of other sorts. . . Cotton yarn Durra. Gold coin Ironwork Kerosene Machinery Rice . • • •. Silver coin Soap Sugar. ..... .,• Sweetened spirits Timber • Tobacco • Wheat and wheat flour Wine Woodwork AH other articles Total 673,200 442.860 4.991,360 1.020,840 501,380 62.420.820 ' "2.246,646 3.289,880 937.420 3,968.360 ■■'544.286 3.636.160 *73.948 3.772.560 1.779.140 9.118.120 *295.950 588.280 $74,443 58.734 896.937 375.276 89.330 766.847 19.178 165.607 67.336 110,713 64.787 674.636 29,688 141.104 93.845 53.018 293,922 263,545 154,509 43.791 1.243.539 484.880 2.281,840 6.799.320 1.594.780 1.623.820 49.409.140 3.097.380 4.789.180 268.400 9.090,840 $5,680,785 853.380 3.339,600 ♦37,476 1,725.460 1.039,500 2,260,280 *42 1,847 1,019,480 $40,761 389.236 1.200.861 587.088 222,098 606.829 12.159 65.890 98.035 46.472 189.145 213.437 41.578 171.034 48.187 27.850 178,072 93.746 193.516 60,440 1.201,103 $5,687,537 Note: ♦ Gallons. (3) Via the Sudan: Articles 1914 1915 1916 Quantity Value Cloth, damour Cotton fabrics Cotton, unginned Cotton yam and thread Dollars, Maria Theresa Ironware and other metals Sacks, empty Salt ., Silk and silk thread Soap •. • • Vegetables and fruits, preserved. Wines and liquors All other articles $1,720 116.165 232 4.369 Total 5,927 4.602 5.472 22,529 1.567 3,727 3.421 16.002 $185,733 $1,013 173,079 1,003 3.149 16.322 5.828 3.490 11.454 24.132 2.911 2.124 5.882 18.482 12,525 399,193 60,489 30.962 45.422 2,298,981 13.515 11,593 $268,869 $1,715 101.480 1.2U 6.080 i.ise* 4.414 32.130 30,310 1.048 850 178 5,225 $185,867 Exports: (1) Via Franco Ethiopian railroad : ;<' Articles 1914 1915 1916 Beeswax .... Butter Cereals Coffee Coffee husks. Dyestuffs . . . Flour $3,577,190 886.561 363,654 31,920,723 4.006.933 146,533 $3,490,413 358,619 2.940.717 48.862.440 2.540.754 143,646 428.457 $3,791,382 608.622 1.513,739 44.051,040 971.207 146.747 5.042.196 Continued on page 518 518 EXPORTER'S OAZBTTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Table Continued: Ivory Leather '.'.'.'.'.'.. Maire Potatoes Rubber Skins and hides... ■.■.'.■.■.■ Specimens Tobacco Vegetables, dry All other articles. ......' Total, 9135.287 441.480 333,946 ' 210.702 46,074,297 316,308 152,463 188,516,082 $41,130 100.546 6.928.247 334.946 104,436 50.051.328 2.143 426.955 942.748 $116,697,523 $231,797 ■ • • • 1.856,398 625.443 34.206,768 71,660 38.214 643.421 497,45 9 $94,394,830 (2) Via Maesua: Articled 1914 Quantity Pounds Beeswax v^onee... tjotton piece goods, unbleached . cotton manufactures of other kinds Dom nuts Durra Gold coin ' ' Hides :.:::::: Meat, preserved Mother-of-pearl shells. Petroleum .'.■.■.■.".■■ Rice Salt .'.'.'.'.'.'!.*.'.' Silver coins Skins ...■.■.'.■;;.■.:: Tobacco [ All other articles. . ....*." Value 1915 Total 124.520 108.680 352.000 125,400 7,067,280 1.240,520 3,70V,666' 192,720 756.140 838,860 109.560 94,380,000 i,197',966 1,389,080 $23,833 18,640 60,144 40,358 209,189 15,547 43,155 811,710 15,783 101,482 17,169 4,165 165,594 106,473 315,266 246,318 337.049 Quantity Pounds 168,740 1,221,880 1,077,120 149.820 4.917.220 6,500,780 Value $2,531,875 6,520,580 1,418.780 984,060 1,071,500 4.747.380 142,142.000 1,985,280 682,220 $31,893 253.853 182,438 52,834 138,315 79,833 119,381 1,430.079 190,862 90.953 20.828 99,953 249.395 522,503 116,522 261.566 $3,841,208 (3) Via the Sudan: Articles 1914 Beeswax Butter ;;; Cattle Coffee Egret and marabou. Hides Honey | ' ' Horses and mules. . . Rubber SiHces All other articles . . . 1915 1916 Quantity Pounds Value Total, Note: ♦ Number. $122,517 2.897 1,260 232,616 1.582 1,270 6.189 9.456 15.051 2,086 1.868 $396,792 $114,851 1.438 356 140,461 4.310 2.135 5.838 6.739 267 4.938 1.300 $281,633 605.930 3.656 •762 4.164.600 35 37.609 115.401 ♦216 150.183* $102,672 277 7.533 343.114 2.911 1.433 8,661 1.646 8,453 4,982 $481,472 ABYSSINIA 519 Estimated total foreign commerce for two years: Trade Routes 1914 Imports Exports 1916 Imports Exports n uioh East Africa (Moyale-Nairobi) w ' "i" British S^^Uland (Harrar and Ogaden country to Zeyla Bulhar-Berbera) • • : Eritrea (Adowa-Adequala-Asmara-Massaua) Sh'sSiS^^tibutil^Franc^^^ ItS?M^^lUand (Ginir-Dolo to Mogadishu or Juba River Sudan (Gamb^la-Galiabat-Khartum-Port Sudan), Total $40,127 155.628 1,136,157 81.131 3.827.793 103,989 185,733 $5,530,558 $90,822 171,279 506,375 83,979 3.701.852 90,564 396,792 $5,041,663 $30,000 298,747 834.338 70,380 3.406.922 100.840 185,867 $4,927,094 $70,479 274,262 458.046 72,920 3,344.611 73.530 481.472 $4,775,320 The British port of Aden practically controls Abyssinian trade, and is the pnncipal distributing center for the Abyssinian market, goods being transshipped to Abyssima ^na Mbuti Th^ of the country is shared by French, English and Italian merchants, buinte tenths of the skins, half of the civet and ivory and a large share of the coffee ex- ported from Abyssinia come to the United States via Aden and other ports. Production and Industry. Agriculture and stock raising are the national industries. Coffee is the pnncipal product, the cultivated coffee grown in the provmce of Harrar bemg '^'T'^ harrar. coffee, and the wUd coffee which abounds in the provinces of Sidsmo, Kaffa and Gumau ThTsupply is unlimited. MUlet, wheat and barley are grown extensively Cotton grows wad3is beginning to be cultivated; tobacco, potatoes and chdhes are hkewise grown. The agricultural methods are primitive. There are about 10,000,000 head of cattle in the country, and cattle hides are exported to the extent of about 1,200,000 per year. Ghee, or clarified butter, is ^^f ^- ^^^^ product. About 5,000,000 sheep skins a year sxe exported. Mules are the pnncipal pack and riding animals. , - , Beekeeping is extensively carried on, and about 1,500,000 pounds of beeswax la exported each year. Rubber, beeswax made by wfld bees, wUd coffee and gums, pnncipaUy myrrh, are important forest products. The large timber acreage of cedar, acacia and pin« isS^Uy unworked, although a native tanning extract is prc^uced. Civet «*»="« bred and civet L an important article of export. Ivory comes from the Magi and Lake Rudolph region of southwestern Abyssinia. - ,. . j Manufacturing is limited to a few saw mills, two or three flour mills with a bmited output, several soap factories and some small tanneries. Commercial deposits of coal iron, oil, sulphur, gold, sttver, copper and potash have been reported but they are as yet undeveloped. Roads, Railways, Telephones: ,, jxaj- The Franco-Ethiopian Railroad running from Djibuti m French Somaliland to Adis Abeba via Dir^ Dawa, a distance of 487H mUes, is the only raUroad in the countr>^ The trip takes three days and two trains are run each week each way. All other transportation in the country is by pack animals over trails which are, on the average, poor. The telephone service of the country is adequate, and telegraph service extends to Djibuti, Dir^ Dawa, Harrar, Adis Abeba, and between Eritrea and Adis Abeba. At Djibuti cable service extends to all parts of the world. II '1-1 H 520 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER Op FOREIGN MARKETS Money, Weights and Measures: about 10.50 U. S. currency. Sifver ^n.^ the ^^ U^lt r™ T""" """"^ of a doUar or talari. Copper coins are the besa or i I'nnS n ^^ (P"'"** or piastre) used only in Harrar. There are TaXn^t iL";d bv t^e R J "? .^ ^ ""^ ^ ^""'k 100 and 500 Maria Theresa doUa^.'^'^T^elre^ff^Lt e^^tll^'Zf '°; 'l '"■ *' ra. road In some parts of the country bars of salt ar^ 3^ Ueu o^ln^ *"« **""'= ""' salts being equivalent to the dollar New emntv^»rtri7^ , ^^^ ^^* "^ ^'K'lt is one bank, the Bank of Abyssir^, with clS IT^^^Z "^ °I^k T^' '"~- '^''^'' of Egypt holds a large interest. Thrblk h^iu hf^d fffi^ ' ""T^tu^. ^'*"°'«" ^^^ »t Dir€ Dawa, Harrar, Gor« and S whi^ .ff^l) n f^^ ^'^''' *"'' ^"""^he, mercial transactions. ' "'' ''^°'^ *" '*<"''««« "e'^essary for com- Ther^'a^^iT^r^vLy'^Hfr;;;;^^^^ I.*'''' -«'•' °^ " Maria the pound of 18 ounces. Th! wl w^gf 37 f "unT " "T'' '" '"^"^'"« ~'f'^' .very pounds, ^or grain, the kunna of Z^l'C^;:^ ZtZlr^^ ^^^Z 99 pounds is used. ^ " ""* ^"^^^ '™'*« ">« Egyptian cantar of Language: The language of the country is Amharir whioh h..c qq „ •** mercial correspondence French, Ld t^slT ^^X^ i^rpro;^"''^''"'- ^" """• Shippmg routes: *- j «• Goods destined for Abyssinia are ordinarily shipped via Aden or Egypt. Customs Tariflf: The import duty is theoretically 10 per cent ad valnrAm r\ , • Consular regulations: ^^^Z^^:^^:^:'^;-^- - — ar invoi.,, supplied. ' necessary. Certificates of weight should be Cable rates: Via Alexandria Kassala (direct), $0.64 via Aznro^ q.,„l • t^ from New York or New England. ' "''^'"'' ^^^'^'^'^' ^'^ P^' word Postal rates : Postal Union rates. Mail time: Via London, about 35 days. Parcels Post: Goods can be sent by parcel post to Abyssinia via Fn,,io«^ * ^u rate plus transit charges. ^^yssima via England at the regular 12 cent Money orders: Not issued. International reply coupons: Not issued. BELGIAN CONGO 521 BELGIAN CONGO Belgian Congo, a colony of Belgium, situated in western central Africa, has an area of 909 654 square miles. The estimates of the native population of Bantu ongm vary, raninng from 7,000,000 to 15,500,000. The European population, 1916, was 5,364. Of these 3 004 were Belgians, 643 English, 430 Portuguese, 282 ItaUans, 159 Dutch, 131 Americans, 93 Russians, 89 Swedish, 86 French, 80 Swiss, 37 Greek, 38 natives of Luxem- burg, 25 Danish and 17 Norwegian. The king of Belgium is representated by a Governor General, chief executive of the possession. The territory is divided into 22 districts, at the head of each of which there iTa commissioner. Each district is divided into territories of which there are 179. In 1917 there were altogether more than 225 posts and stations at which 2,038 European officials were employed. The 22 districts are grouped in 4 provinces, namely, (1) Katanga, the capital of which is EUzabethviUe; (2) Congo Kasai, capital Kinshasa; (3) the province of the Equator, capital Coquilhatville; (4) the Eastern Province, the capital of which is Stanleyville. Boma is the capital of the entire colony. Commerce Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Belgian Congo for 11 years: Year ended June 30 Exports Domestic Foreign Total Imports Free Dutiable Total •Per cent free Excess of exports (♦) or imi)orts (-) 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 $3,130 26,339 6.740 16.713 14.905 103.132 267.714 41.842 107.942 334,621 121,757 446 1,349 $3,130 26.339 6,740 16,713 14,905 103,132 289.471 42,288 107.942 335,970 2,731.839 $17,782 22,005 70.366 72,815 33,704 6,831 $12,661 60,158 44 1,450 7,978 $17,782 34,666 130,524 72,359 35,154 14.809 865,063 63.48 53.91 99.94 95.87 46.13 -$14,652 ♦26.339 +6.740 +16,713 +14,905 +68,466 +158.947 -30,071 +72,788 +321,161 +1,866,776 Total value of imports and exports for 5 years was as follows: Year Imports Special General Exports Special General 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915, 1916 $10,542,866 13,917,246 8,649,269 8,159,302 10,452,076 $12,097,312 11.075.714 10.031,807 5,758,239 13,363,012 $11,659,397 10,728,440 10,278,856 4,235.769 25,258,683 $16,371,295 13,942.479 11,899,428 16,035.686 28,662,860 522 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Chief imports and exports for 1915 and 1916; Imports 1915 1916 EXPOBTS Arms and ammunition Steamers and ships . . . Machinery Iron, steel, copper .... Wines, spirits, beer. . . Provisions Cottons $13,774 24,971 258,780 5,935 157,699 922,181 435,927 1915 1916 $435,464 162,014 774,397 468,794 538,313 1.527,224 2,276,153 Rubber Ivory '. .'. . . Palm nuts , . Palm oil [[[[ Copal Gold, crude ..'. Copper, ore and crude $2,143,605 885,637 999,979 411.067 543.358 2,610.136 5.508,818 »3,372.370 1.530.334 2.463.186 646.768 1,038,244 1.891.571 12.335.313 Imports and exports by countries: Countries Imports Exports 1916 I 1916 Countries Great Britain France Holland United States $6,364,040 979.352 90,368 251,667 Imports 1916 $23,127,803 583,827 Exports 1916 Rhodesia Union of South Africa. Portugal Portuguese possessions. $934,596 991,154 $355,197 64,C28 159,752 270,880 Production and Industry ♦h. tf'fT.^ °^* extensively carried on by the natives in the Belgian Congo since the advent of the Europeans. Plantations have been established where cofe cocoa c^^T' " n '^'^r'^t''"' «5^<»^° (or export. Of domestic animals, sheep and1;ara'; pDvely ra^ '"'^^ '^" """^""^^ ^^<"" ^"""^^ ''--• "--» -^ -"- - com exist inri3!bfetl'^i;L^^^ "°"""°° "' ''""'^•"'"'' '""" ''' "^'^'-^ ^'-- -^^' most'iirta'nf Sort?' ""** '""^' ''°'"' ""^"^ ""' '"'^•' ""*« -^^ »■">•-' - ">e :„ .1,*^^'-** "^"^ ^^ ""^'^^ ^ ""^ "PP*"" ^'^^ °f ">e Ituri River, the Ruwe eold mine k mined ^7.*?°«f,'^'»*™* '" »''« «>"'•> of the colony. In 1915, 3,720 pounds oT^ld we " mmed. Eght thousand natives were employed in the mines. Iron iTwidelv d^ribuZ and worked m a primitive fashion. The wealth of Kantanga in copper i^St In 19^ The forrats of Belgian Congo cover much ground and are primeval in their density The most valuable trees are the lianas, which yield India rubber. There are *,124 Koi^ T- • grown on ify,S50 acres and exported in 1916-17 to the ext^nf nf c Ae:« post Offices. •l2.'3: of^S'sT^^rcorc^r""- ^-"^ "^ "-'^-^ baggage. ^^ '" agneultural purposes and also passenger', rate Just^'l^tlS^.*" ''"^' "" """' "^ ^ ^'^' "' ""« -«"lar 12^n, RHODESIA government. ^^ ^"^^^ "^"^ Company and the British Commerce For trade of the United States with Rhodesia, see page 530 Southern Rhodesia imports and exports for five years: Year Imports Exports Year 1914. 1915. 1916. $1,345,531 1,042.651 1.192,544 $14,376,147 22.a5 1,457 26.854.549 Note: (1) Except gold and silver. Imports Exports 1917 1918 (5 months). !. SI. 222.408 467.260 (1) 9.610.888 4.102.603 RHODESIA 527 Principal imports during 1916 and 1917: Articles 1916 1917 Articles 1916 1917 Food and drink .... Cotton man'factures Hardware $2,166,806 1.489.808 669.805 $2,029,550 1,424,509 745.110 Machinery. Chemicals . Apparel . . . $766,694 516.282 659.633 $680,118 535.509 484.352 Principal exports during four years: Articles 1914 1915 1916 1917 Gold Silver Chrome Iron. . . Coal Coke Copper Asbestos, raw.. Diamonds Slaughter cattle Hides and skins Tobacco $10,587,001 69.386 556.620 154.684 34.228 134,437 552,373 $18,038,881 80.021 697,458 127,443 324,224 1,575,728 132.891 3,450 "186.429 201.184 $18,931,211 106.521 1.632.644 172,058 282,263 2,195,986 431,922 31.074 544,334 211,278 202,700 $1,287,107 201,777 ' "2.316,8i5 812.660 15,504 660.794 381,412 296,396 The principal industries are mining and agriculture. In 1917 there were 2,598,505 tons of gold crushed, yielding 834,230 ounces, with a value of $16,987,600. In 1917 the output of coal was 548,954 tons and of coke 78,501 tons. In the same year 211,988 ounces of silver were obtained as a by-product from gold ore. In 1917, 72,962 tons of chrome iron ore, valued at $1,590,706, was mined, and 9,562 tons of asbestos, valued at $922,865. The diamond yield in 1917 was 620 carats, valued at $14,536. Gold production in 1919 was valued at $18,931,211. In 1917, 249,000 acres were under cultivation by whites, of which 203,000 acres were planted to com and 1,995 to tobacco; 1,180,000 were under cultivation by natives. In 1915 there were 1,751 acres. under cultivation by whites. In 1917, there were 1,000,000 head of cattle, 368,000 sheep, 766,000 goats. Total railway mileage, 2,463. Number of post offices 104. Telegraph mileage, 7,975. An extensive telephone system is in operation. Northern Rhodesia imports and exports for five years: Year Imports Exports Year Imports Exports 1014 $1,034,519 875.460 1,581.239 $961,516 760,327 759,686 1917 $1,682,128 1.728.954 $1,130,868 IQl'i 1918 1,668,622 1916 Principal exports were cattle, $260,058; copper ore, $111,085; lead, $761,250; com, wheat and flour, $192,305; hides, skins and horns, $81,691. The principal crops are com, cotton, tobacco, wheat, fruit, and mbber. There are large areas of timber, gold, copper, zinc, lead and coal. There are forty post offices, and railway connection by the Rhodesian Railway system, as well as telegraph connection. ,»>- 528 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SWAZILAND PROTECTORATE Territory with an area of about 6,536 square miles Ivine befcwppn fh« T,« Th. ^1 ?f "^ ■'" *7 ?""*• "^"^ **•*'" "« '"«« «°»1 deposits not at present work«l cereals, but the production does not suffice for local requirements. cattle" E^n''™"' 7T '''^"* ^^'T """^^ ''"*P "<• 8°'"« «<1 ''bo"' 135,000 head of cattle. Expenments have been made in cotton growinit The ontnnt M »«M ^J infr ° ^ounted to ,9^654; output of tin during the sa^^ar t^'^lt^putTf' CS Sfrom^roZT^^t'" " ".'f f"*' *° "•^'''' * '"-"^^'^'^ "'°^' ^'vice L maL J t/iV/OAT Of 50LTH AFRICA 529 UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA The area of the Union of South Africa, including that of Rhodesia, is about equal to that of the states lying east of the Mississippi River with the addition of Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas. The principal cities are Cape Town and Johannesburg. Owing to its geographical situation in the southern hemisphere, the seasons in South Africa are directly the reverse of those in the northern latitudes. Spring in South Afnca occurs from September to November, summer from December to February, autumn from March to May, and winter from June to August. The most important industry of the Union of South Africa is mining, and the gold fields of the Transvaal are the worid's principal source of supply. In diamonds also the Umon is the world's principal producer. Second to mining, agriculture, the breeding of Uvestock and dairy farming are the chief industries. Wheat, corn, fruits and vegetables are the principal crops. During the war the Union made tremenduous progress m dairy farmmg, and while formeriy large quantities of dairy products were imported, they are today ex- ported from the Union. Manufacturing is relatively less important, and the Umon is now and is likely to remain an importer of manufactured goods. The railways of the Union connect all the principal ports from Swakopmund in South- west Africa to Beira in Portuguese East Africa with each other and with the important towns and producing centers of the interior. The per capita imports of the Union of South Africa in 1918 amounted to $40.31. Per capita exports during the same year amounted to $12.76. Area and Population Population of Union of South Africa, according to the census of 1911: Province Area sq. miles Europeans Bantu Colored Total Cape Natal Transvaal Orange Free State Total 276,966 35,291 50,389 110,450 473,096 582,337 98,114 420,562 175,189 1,276,242 1,519,939 953,398 1,219,845 325,824 4,019,006 462,649 142.491 45.805 27,161 678,146 2,564,965 1,194,043 1,686.212 528,174 5,973,394 In 1918 there was a total white population of 1,418,060 (Cape, 615,874; Natal, 120,465; Transvaal, 497,226; Orange Free State, 181,292). In 1911 there were 152,309 Asiatics in the Union. The white population of principal cities and towns in 1918 was as follows : Cities Census 1918 Cities Census 1918 Johannesburg . Durban Cape Town. . . Pretoria Port Eliiabcth Germiston. . . . 137,873 48,475 99,729 (T 41,781 23,341 16,268 Pieternmrittburg Bloemfontein . . . Kimberley Krugersdorp . . . . East London . . . . 18.529 15,752 17,226 13,718 17,696 Note: © Including Suburbs. 530 I B EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 531 According to th^ census of 1911, 192,424 persons were engaged in agriculture- U-^ 99. m industnes, 342,000 in mining, of whom 47,000 were white. ag"cuiture, 143,225 Commerce United States statistics of foreign trade include, in statistics of trade with BrifJ,K South Afnca, trade with the Union of South Africa Rhodasia Rp^h„«r, 1 ^ n .^ Swaziland and the Nyasaland Protectorate. CuTi^f th^t^S f^Zf^fanTu"^'' States with British South Africa for 11 years: ^ ^^ *^' ^^^ Year ended June 30 Exports Domestic Foreign 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Total Imports Free Dutiable $7,296,765 9,604,876 12.833,239 12,764.513 14,481.253 14,821,440 14,685,305 22.122,911 24,086.665 35,178,644 $2,189 9.530 9,203 6,716 7,248 13,534 42.659 104.489 9,146 21,076 $7,298,954 6,614,406 12.842.442 12,771,229 14,488,501 14,834,974 14,727,964 22,227,400 24,095,811 35.199.720 44,841,871 $460,637 527.902 499.681 721.329 786.808 945,606 3.867,135 16,994,154 12,585,542 31,412,7711 $1,228,933 1,650,272 1,660,661 1.482,000 2.518,744 1,524,243 1.080,176 2,829.708 2,926,615 1,883,771 Total $1,589,570 2.178,174 2,160,342 2.203.329 3.305,552 2,469.849 4,947,311 19.823,862 15,512,157 33,295,771 36,388,174 Excess of exports (♦) or imports (-) 27.26 24.24 23.13 32.74 23.80 38.28 78.17 85.73 81.14 94.34 ♦ ♦ ♦ $5,609,384 7,436,232 10,682,100 10,667,900 11,182,949 12,365,125 9,780,653 2,403,538 8,583,654 1.903,885 8,453,697 Value of imports during the first seven months of 1919: Articles Apparel and slops Bags, coal, grain, sugar and wool! Cotton manufactures Electrical material and machinery Articles of Food and Drink: Coflfee, raw Wheat '.'.'.'.'.['.'. Flour (or meal) wheaten Fruit, almonds and nuts Dates Dried fruit, all other. . ." .* .* [..'. Milk or cream, condensed Rice, including paddy . Whwkey Sugar Tea All other articles of food and drink Furniture Glycerine for manufacturing poses Haberdashery and millinery . .' .* . . .' Hardware and cutlery (fencing ma terial, etc.) Hats and caps Implements, agriciiltural including machinery India rubber and manufactures of, including tires Iron and steel manufactures, except maonineiy Leather and leather goods, boots and shoes pur- $9,360,646 5,317,812 21.658,626 2,835.183 1,106,267 664,679 942,081 81,638 23.328 163,679 913,947 991,337 659,608 176,461 717,020 4,441,952 1,343,206 611,636 3,793,750 6,841,810 1.352,982 3,699,738 1.694,084 6,002.416 5,631,213 Saddlery and harness Other Machinery, except " " iocomotives. Manufacturing Mining All others Manures and f ertilizere . '.'.'.'.'.'. Nitrates for manufacturing purposes Paper, printing Wrapping '"'' Other, including paper bii^' buVnot stationery. . Mwaymateriar.:::::: :::::::::; baddlers and shoemakers' materials ooap Printed books !..*...* Motor cars ,' T> « Power lorries Parts of cars and lorries. ..'.'.' Motor bicycles and parts. Wax, paraffine and stearine! .'.'. Wood and timber Woolen manufactures All other merchandise not roecified above Note: (a) Figures not published. Total merchandise imported Imports for South African Govern^ o^?°t8 Specie Grand Total Imports. $66,119 882,605 1.417,652 2,667,997 3,462,752 42,763 1.132,511 4.157,039 2,029.268 1,321,929 682,f81 1,669.146 651,565 222.053 830,224 2.443,408 105,593 1,324,301 398,719 1,316,126 2,745,865 2,720,078 30,034,493 $142,908,886 7,733,747 (») $150,642,632 Leather goods again show a high figure ($3,822,827 agamst $1,499,752), and vehicl^ ., .^e uo inr^ue from $840,405 to $1,695,843. There were 1,245 motor cars miported ^ T^ Zhmm the first Quarter of 1918, and clocks and watches stUl represent an Cre'^gtm Haberdashery' and millinery cost the Union not far from «25,000,000 rS »1,268,639 a year ago), and perfumery and toUet preparations mvolved a bJl for $374 220 or double the amount so expended in 1918. Value of Exports during the first seven months of 1919: Articles 1019 Articles 1919 Animals, living Asbestos, raw . • • • • • • Bark and bark extract Blasting compounds Buchu leaves Coal • • Copper, ore and regulus Bar, rod and ingot Cotton, raw Diamonds Ostrich feathers •.•-•.••.•••• Articles of food and drink: Maize Maixe meal Oats Flour, wheaten P^ih, dried and cured Fish, preserved • • Fruit, dried and preserved. Fruit, fresh Brandy Sugar Tea $369,248 721,073 1,468,040 278,584 139,759 3,318,743 1,028,283 1,361,225 17,670 31,596,633 4,365,169 2,422,958 4,325,677 846,130 168,554 66.402 131,545 597.191 640.956 164,170 88,038 1,535,467 33,130 All other articles of food and drink Hair, Angora Hides, ox and cow Skins, goat Skins, sheep Oil, whale Ores, chrome (iron) Tin. Soap, common and toilet Tobacco, all kinds Wool ^••j.-- All other articles of merchandise. Total South African Produce. Imported Goods re-exported .... Specie Grand Total Exports Shipped as stores in addition to the foregoing • $ 263.922 6,040,659 5,547,792 2,603,205 2.735,130 7,142,144 109.581 14,910 365,846 62,013 410,373 52,665.380 2,409,704 $136,045,319 10,436,733 (a) $146,482,052 $7,064,160 Note: (a) Figures not published. Values of the principal articles imported into the Union for the years 1917 and 1918: Articles 1918 Articles 1918 Animals Antifriction grease Apparel and slops . Arms and ammxmition Assay apparatus Bags not leather Binding twine • • Bioscope films (exposed) Brass Brushware Canvas and duck Cement Clocks and watches CoaJ, coke and patent fuel Confectionery, fancy Copra Cordage and rope Corks and bungs Cotton manufactures: Blankets and rugs Piece goods .^ Shawls and shawlmg Underclothing Waste Wick Other Drugs and chemicals: (including apothecary ware) . . . Dyestuflfs and tanning substances I 393,738 274,699 14,348,019 1,671,709 77,475 6,561,609 765,398 261,424 185,774 375,669 1,037,995 4,292 661,058 4,005 89,899 751,315 293,976 363.153 7.216,874 41,786,669 714,027 8,022,630 662,997 103,107 3,958,786 6,103,676 196,164 Earthen and china ware Electrical material: Fittings, including insulators and posts Cable and wire Enameled ware Felt •,•■'■,* ' Food and drink, articles of: Baking powder ■ Biscuits , Butter and substitutes Cheese Chicory and substitutes Cocoa and chocolate, xmsweetened Coffee Confectionery, jams, etc Com, flour, and grain Extracts and essences Farinaceous preparations Fish Fruits and nuts Lard and substitutes Meats, fresh and preserved Milk, condensed Oils, salad Pickles and sauces Rice Spices Spirits, potable $ 904,823 1,383,765 441,022 193,764 123.769 373,139 17.661 997.277 70,555 13,300 106.452 4,146,292 327,408 3,430,629 236,599 211.440 326.415 481.180 5,800 456.692 685,451 166,916 266,374 2.196,648 950,632 2,003,563 i Continued on page 532 1 532 Table Continued: Articles EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS 1918 Food and drink, articles of (continue Sugar Sugar produota ....' ' Tea • * Vegetables, prepared .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Wme Footwear, not leather ....'.'.'.'.'"" Furniture, etc Film • • • • • Glass and glassware Glycerin Haberdashery and millinery. .'.'.'. Hardware and cutlery Hats and caps Hides and skins xlose, conveying Implements, agricultural and dairy! India rubber, including tires Instruments, musical ' ' Iron and steel: Bar, bolt, and rod Girders, beams and joists [ Hoops [[ Pigs and ingots !!!..,!! Pipes and fittings, cast and wrought Plate and sheet Jewelry Jute and hessian !.'!.'.'!! Lamps and lamp ware '.'.'.'.', d) Leather and leather goods: Boots and shoes Unmanufactured ' " Other ; Linen manufactures * ' | Machinery (except locomotires) : Agricultural , Bands and b«lting !!.*..'! Electrical ][ Manufacturing .'.*.*.'!! Mining .'.'!.'!! Other, n. e. 8 .'!!!.'! Packing, engine !.'!!!! Pumpa ."!!.*!!! Windmills '.!!!!!! Manures and fertilisers. ... . . '.'..'. Metal, composition Nitrates !!..!! Oilman's stores .'.'!!!! Oils, mineral : Lubricating Motor spirit '.'.'.'.'. Paraffin (kerosene) .'.'*'** Oils, vegetable: Cocoanut Cottonseed !!!!![ Essential and perfumed.*.' .' .' .' .' .' 1.447,682 158,862 2,298,321 50,890 270,134 237,461 2,056,617 96,980 1.356.464 2,062,822 6,846,066 5,536.578 1.963.657 365,216 278,188 2,409,672 2,112,718 391.077 2,008,507 36,956 143,303 60,344 1.706.385 2,468.785 470,780 689,603 156,730 124.669 7,546,603 760.337 487,059 243,242 413,244 1,002,666 614.751 977.242 2,863,837 1,391,901 279.420 296.735 147,216 669,979 102,673 1,233,531 1,375,813 1.307,015 2,466,006 1,216,912 192,611 29 185.467 Articles material material Oils, vegetables (Continued) Linseed Palm '.'.'.'.'.'.'. Paints and colors. .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.['. E^Per rerfumery Photographic materials. . ! * ' Plate silver, and plated ware Plumbago Printers'^ and boolibindeis' n. p B Qwcksilver J*j|jJ^ay, material .'.[ oaddlers and shoemakers' (not leather) Seeds [ Sheep and cattle dip . . .* .' .' .* * * .' .* ' " Silk manufactures Soap [ I * * Sporting goods. ..!!!!.*.'.'.*!.*"."* Stationery and books. . Sulphur ' Surgical and dental appliances'.*.'.'.' 1 allow and grease Tar, etc ....!!!..*!* Tin and tinware ..'. Tobacco raw and maniif acti^^ ' " * 1 obaccomsts' wares Toys and fancy goods. ,'.] Tramway material '.'.'/.'. Vehicles: Bicycles and tricytsles Motorcycles and parts. ...*.* Motor cars '. * Motor tnicks '.'.'.'.'. Motor car and motor tnick 'parts.' Other vehicles and parts. ..... Wax, paraffin and stearin. Wood and timber: Unmanufactured Manufactured ['.] Woolen manufactures: Blankets and rugs Cloth and piece goods. ..." Hosiery and underclothing Shawls AH other .'!!.'.'!! Zinc and sincware. ...!!!! | ] All other articles ....'. Total Imported from Southern Northern Rodesia and 1918 706,778 , 437,484 1.036,696 4,600,588 1.034,161 309.217 467,305 466,327 119.983 811,076 394.454 480,452 198,697 362,690 2,687.791 343,643 346,074 8.315.950 471.987 638,478 430,262 91,678 131.814 641,668 607,148 39.684 429,824 471,111 1,216.048 41,472 835,179 176,070 2,666,800 4,204,106 965.392 1.966.844 4,168,760 366,044 334,202 250,678 1.165,327 6,624,949 Total merchandise Imports of Government stores Specie Grand total. $228,472,668 2.186. 826 $230,659,393 10.169,910 The percentage of the trade held by various countries of and three years preceding the war; $240.829.303 origin during three war years Countries of origin 1911 1912 1913 1916 United Kingdom British possessions: Canada India Australia Other....::..:: United States ::::::::: Netherlands :::::::::: Sweden :::::::::: Japan ::::::::: Germany. :::::: Per cent 58.2 1.8 2.4 4.4 1917 Per cent 67.9 1.6 8.1 1.8 1.8 0.3 9.8 Per cent 54.4 1918 1.8 2.2 2.7 2.8 3.4 5.2 1.7 1.7 9.0 9.5 2.1 2.2 1.6 1.8 0.3 0.3 9.0 8.8 Per cent 68.7 Per cent 62.6 2.2 2.8 3.8 6.1 3.3 3.6 1.3 1.6 16.7 17.9 1.4 1.0 2.3 2.4 1.4 2.1 Per cent 54.1 2.0 7.1 2.5 2.6 13.9 0.8 2.0 6.6 UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 533 Imports by principal countries of origin in 1918: Articles and Countries of origin Value \mmalB .....•• United Kingdom United States Antifriction grease United States United Kingdom Apparel and slops United Kingdom United States Japan France .• .• Arms and ammumtion United Kingdom United States Assay apparatus United Kingdom United States Netherlands ;•'•,••;• Bags and sacks (not leather) , India United Kingdom United States Binding twine Australia United States Japan • • Bioscope films (exposed) United Kingdom United States Brass • United Kingdom United States Japan • • • Boots, shoes, and suppers. . . United Kingdom United States Bwitterland Argentina Japan Brushware United Kingdom Japan United States Argentina Cement United Kingdom United States Clocks and watches Switserland United States United Kingdom France Japan Confectionery United States United Kingdom France Blankets and nigs . . . . ~. ~« Japan United Kingdom India Netherlands France United States Canvas and duck United Kingdom Japan India United States Hosiery and imderwear. . United Kingdom Japan United States India Switserland $393,738 339,526 8.828 274,699 178,440 96,182 14,348,019 13,735,311 187,146 163,573 48.665 1,571,709 1,393.138 170.975 77,475 76,465 916 526 6,561,609 6,064,379 487.112 9,183 765,398 663.883 88,059 3,669 261,424 130,724 124.797 185,774 65,440 55,055 54,505 7,646,603 4,089,602 2,598,716 652,038 174,698 24,732 375,669 196,723 129.488 13,913 9,869 4,292 4.287 661,058 311.723 144.997 67.070 17,772 17.729 89.899 67,969 29,287 1,518 7,216,874 3.040,000 2,579,785 785,171 642,587 121,979 24,201 1,037,995 552,489 233.261 124,684 112,221 8,022.630 6.005.368 1,189.085 634.611 93,442 72,423 Articles and Countries of origin Value Piece goods United Kingdom. Japan India United States... France Italy...... Switzerland Copper. Ui nited States Japan ....••••• Belgian Congo United Kingdom Copra Zanzibar British East Africa Portuguese East Africa. . . . Mauritius India • • • Cordage and rope (not twine) United Kingdom Australia United States India Japan Corks and bungs United Kingdom Portugal United States Spain Drugs, chemicals and apothecary ware United Kingdom. United States Norway Japan Canada France Dyestuff 8 and tanning substances. . . I United Kingdom United States Earthenware and chinaware United Kingdom Japan India United States Electrical material United States United Kingdom Netherlands Japan Enameled ware United States United Kingdom . Netherlands Felt United States United Kingdom Baking powder United States Australia Biscuits United States Australia Butter and substitutes Australia Jndia . • .....•••••• Argentma Cheese Canada Argentina Umted States $41,786,669 37,482.873 1,590,976 1.233,093 1,074.483 172,946 125.269 94,074 98,848 69.761 13.587 8.779 3,231 751,315 655,469 64.802 15,733 8.765 6.515 293.976 160.667 86.692 24.070 17.675 2,681 363,153 204,928 94,610 32.421 16,587 !•••••• 103.676 4,712,310 551.842 173.403 175,914 135.410 83.149 196,154 73,353 72,491 904.823 804,812 81.032 6.246 1.168 1,824,787 541,442 497,780 459,957 283,629 193,764 65,931 62,598 23.729 123,769 93.641 28,464 373,139 372,954 146 17.651 15,208 1.635 997.277 786,314 178.878 22,877 70,555 38.990 24.722 5.382 :iii t 1 i^ Continued on page 534 534 Table Continued: EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 535 Articles and Countries of origin Chicory and substitutes Australia United States Cocoa and chocolate Portuguese West Africa . . United States Canada. Netherlands Brazil Coffee Brazil British East Africa. ....'. Confectionery, Jams, etc United States Switzerland Australia United Kingdom Corn, flour and grain Australia Argentina India United States , Extract and essences , United Kingdom i* ranee Australia United States Farinaceous preparations . . . . United States United Kingdom Australia Argentina *5v •■•*■'"•••••••••■■•••• Umted States Japan Portugal Frmt and nuts Portuguese East Africa Spam Turkish Empire India , AustraUa Argentina Lard and substitutes Australia United States Argentina Meats, fresh and preserved . . . Argentina Uruguay United States Australia Condensed milk United States Australia United Kingdom Oils, salad India Portuguese East Africa. .... Portugal , United States Pickles and sauces United Kingdom AustraUa United States Rice India China ] * Siam Spices.. Zanzibar Straits Settlement*. . '. . . .... United Kingdom India China Value Articles and Countries of origin $13,300 8,886 3,042 196^2 68.165 50,042 27,851 22,829 15,305 4,416,292 3,707,319 411,852 327.408 164,658 72,601 43.059 19.709 3.430,629 2,459,411 765,963 131.930 21.597 236,599 199,249 24,814 4,998 3,222 211.440 85.334 75.056 42.548 6.016 326.415 108,362 84.307 52,729 481,180 109,384 78.078 65.240 44,626 37,443 34.499 5.800 4,419 681 667 466,692 310,969 74,088 46,704 19,442 685,451 470,250 123.794 56,563 166,916 81,630 30.479 27.890 10,429 255374 199,483 27.549 21.669 2,195,648 2,026.766 90,361 46.475 960.632 664,672 97.962 91.330 88.690 16,989 Spirits, potable United Kingdom . . ' " France Netherlands . . . . .' * .' * " Argentina ^United States:..:::::: Sugar Portuguese JEasV Africa". Mauritius India United States..::::'" S"R*»: products ::: Umted States Argentma •^ sa Ceylon . . r "i. • • • India Dutch East Indies China .:::::: Vegetables, prepared Umted States Portnfal panada Wines =r^ France. Jortugal Spain Footwear (not leather) .... United Kingdom United States Furniture, etc , Umted Kingdom India Umted States Japan Ceylon :::::::::: Furs.. Umted Kingdom Italy Glass and glassware United Kingdom Japan United sutes ::::: Glycerin United Kingdom ..:::::: Australia Argentina : : : France United States :::: Haberdashery and millinery. United Kingdom Switzerland Japan France \\[\ United States .*.::: Italy Hardware and cutlery United Kingdom United States Canada Japan Sweden : Argentina : : : Germany Hats and caps Umted Kingdom Japan United States India Ecuador » • • • < Value 12,003.553 1,635.876 361,900 77,618 9.961 1.299 1.447,682 760,254 692.420 2.818 1,650 168,862 138,058 13,461 2,296,321 1.116.039 1.099,328 67,366 12.668 5a890 14,497 11.656 8.872 270.134 141.839 33,248 34.096 22.444 237.461 155,013 30,109 11.417 2.056,617 1.334,092 190.650 185.039 102.303 65,965 96,980 93.330 2,720 1.356.464 875.221 286.606 99.846 2.062.822 1,719,008 276.872 46.317 11.144 8.327 6.846.066 4.426.408 942.676 602.444 473.647 253.033 76,268 6.636,578 3.077.453 1,163,222 600,132 415.365 96,444 72.919 55.809 1.963,667 1.713.023 193.249 23.038 12.341 10.040 6.606 Continued on page 536 Table Continued: Articles and Countries of origin Hides and skins. . . . • • • • ....••••• Southwest Africa Protectorate . . Madagascar . . . • .... • Portuguese East Africa India Hops • United Kingdom United States Australia. Hose, conveying United States United Kingdom Japan j' " " "i Implements and tools United States Canada United Kingdom Sweden Denmark Japan .•• • • •,• •• • India rubber, including tires United Kingdom United States France Italy Canada British East Africa Japan •. • • • Instruments, musical United Kingdom United States Instruments, surgical, dental, etc . . . United Kingdom United States Japan Iron and steel manufactures United States United Kingdom ■ Canada ■ Jewelry United Kingdom United States Switzerland France Japan Jute and hessian India United Kingdom Japan United States Lamps and lampware United States United Kingdom Japan Canada Sweden Lead Australia United Kingdom United States India Leather and leather manufactures (in-" eluding boots, shoes, and slippers) United Kingdom United States Switzerland Argentma Australia Japan Linen manufactures United Kingdom japAn .•••••••• India United States $365,216 171,481 139,265 20,044 14,809 171,194 121.619 27,038 18.298 278.188 228,044 31,073 14,848 3,207,943 1,569,393 731,688 533.529 297,615 45,443 5.893 2,112.718 1.283,476 689.090 84,137 51,488 45,234 27,462 15,845 391,077 240,717 88,626 50,460 237,840 109,248 99,121 16,770 6,563,580 3.067,053 2.953,907 600,909 470,780 399,875 31,384 21,636 5,625 4,944 689,603 649,765 27,213 10,925 1,698 156.730 63,495 49.687 29.729 5,981 5.217 124,669 41,701 35,228 26.551 7,845 5,869 8.793.999 4,487,215 2.818.974 652,072 528.653 176.907 106.143 243,242 223,436 14,215 2,599 1,003 Machinery (except locomotives). . . United Kingdom United States Canada .- Switzerland Sweden Japan Manure and fertilizers Japan Argentina Umted States Portuguese East Africa Falkland Islands United Kingdom Metal composition United States United Kingdom Japan Nitrates Chile United Kingdom Oilman's stores United Kingdom United States Argentina Brazil Canada Oils, mineral United States Dutch East Indies British West Indies United Kingdom Oils, vegetable British West Africa India Argentina United Kingdom United States Zanzibar Mauritius Paints and colors United Kingdom United States Canada Paper United Kingdom Sweden United States Canada Norway Japan Perfumery United Kingdom United States France Japan • Photographic material United Kingdom United States Plate, silver, and plated ware . . United Kingdom Japan United States Plumbago Madagascar United Kingdom United States ; ' * : •• •,• Printers' and bookbinders material United Kingdom . United States Sweden Canada Quicksilver Spain $8,087,013 4.450,117 3,215,389 154,487 92.415 50.831 17.777 669.979 232.326 141.893 140.418 9.718 5.445 2.896 102,673 56.432 37.676 8,020 1,233.531 776.737 456,794 1.375,813 603,159 341,054 290.661 69.202 36.362 5.246.092 3.998,706 986,921 203.546 52.047 1.655.695 434,248 469.093 322.698 144.613 82,969 70,287 64,442 1,036,696 402,654 302,774 286,963 4,500,588 1,365,903 1,316,787 729,045 635,909 510,345 31,356 1,034,151 549.447 335,389 134,247 9,251 309,217 195.896 79.480 457,305 413,696 35.681 4,847 466.327 460.254 4,584 1.489 119.983 97.048 10.517 4.404 4.283 311,076 278,149 Continued on page 536 ■■—I 536 Table Continued: EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 537 Articles and Countries of origin Quicksilver (Continued) Italy United States. .!.*.!!*.!!!!!!!.'.*; Rails (light for industrial purposM) '. United States United Kingdom ,. [, Railway material .'].'.' United States '.',,', United Kingdom ' Australia [ Saddlers' and shoemakers' materiij (not leather) - United Kingdom " United States Canada Japan Seeds United Kingdom France Argentina ] United States Sheep and cattle dip United Kingdom United States Silk manufactures Japan , United Kingdom , China India United States Hong Kong Switzerland Italy Soap , United Kingdom United States Australia Sporting goods United Kingdom France United States Stationery and books United Kingdom United States Netherlands Sweden Japan , Norway . Canada Sulphur Japan [ United States [ China Surgical and dental appliances United Kingdom United States .' Japan Tallow and grease Australia Argentina Portuguese East Africa Tar, etc United Kingdom Sweden Argentina. . . United States Value $28,780 3.187 63,192 41.935 21,257 394,454 295,104 89,811 6,972 430,452 262.299 91,271 49,779 21,048 198,597 88,137 26,333 26,250 24,663 352,690 288.861 63.620 2.587.791 1.378.353 470.736 201.921 88,595 86,293 66,150 66,354 64.339 343,643 247.729 78.419 9,869 345,074 324.883 8.142 7.519 6.315,950 3.736.206 798.340 222,452 192,134 168,016 64.992 52,349 471,987 255.282 200,923 13.436 538,478 446.117 74.442 10.434 430.262 394,705 18,775 14,600 91,578 46,762 19,972 12,458 7,859 Articles and Countries of origin Tin and tinware United Kingdom ......' Japan ! Canada United States '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' Tobacco, raw and manufactured' United Kingdom . . . Cuba United States. ....'.*.*." Netherlands Nyassaland Protectorate .' .' .* " Eg>-pt ■■ Tobacconists' wares. France ......* Japan '.'.*.*!.'.'*.'' United Kingdom United Sutes '...'.'.'. '. ' ." Toys and fancy goods. Japan ['[ United Kingdom United States '.'.'.'.'.'."' France .".*.'!*"* Tramway material ..!...!!... United Kingdom United States Vehicles.... United States United Kingdom Canada [ Japan. ..... !.' !!!.".'.' .' Wax, paraffin and stearin India United States '.'. •' • Duteh East Indies ::::::;; Umted Kingdom Zanzibar British East Africa.. :::::::::: Portuguese East Africa. . . Wood and timber: Unmanufactured Sweden United States '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'" Canada .".*.'!'" Norway .'.'.'.*.*!!! Japan .'!!!.'.' India i !..!!..! ! Argentina .*.'.'.'.*.' Straits Settlements British West Africa .' ." " Manufactured " Sweden '.'.'.'.'. Russia United States '.'.'.', Portugal United Kingdom Canada !!!!!!'.!* Japan .'.'.*.'!!.'." Woolen manufactures. .!!.!!!!]* United Kingdom JapMin !!.'.'*'* France .'.'.'.' United States .......!!!.*.' Zinc, unmanufactured. United States .'.':::::: Umted Kingdom Japan Value 1131.814 106.002 8.735 7.490 , 7.451 541,568 140,496 133.230 107,155 59,629 50.087 16.614 507.148 227,168 126,758 121,862 23,707 951,668 453,211 356,252 89,948 30,698 39,584 22,615 17,456 3,168,705 1.900,393 659,007 638,527 67,824 2,655,800 1.745,249 399,087 356,880 76,404 31,983 21,063 20,595 4,204.100 2.051,847 914,332 444,968 404,605 146,881 145,197 15,320 13,850 12,390 965.392 544,138 104,420 113,000 46,412 61,347 65.916 22,751 7,066,528 6,809,742 152.876 52,680 17,923 1.165.317 895.297 253,009 7,777 6.862 Four year table of importa showing most important divisions: Animals, living. . . • • • • Aijricultural implements Fixtures Aericultural produce: Coffee, Raw and roasted Corn and grain Flour and meal Fruit, fresh • • Fruit, dried or preserved Rice . . . . ; ; • • • Sugar and sugar products Tea VeKctables, fresh — Vegetables, preserved Dairy Products: Butter and butter substitutes . Cheese Milk, condensed Farm Produce: Eggs, fresh j * ' ' ' 1 " Hams, bacon and salted meats Lard • • Meat and poultry, frozen Meat, preserved Miscellaneous: Aerated waters Ale and beer Biscuits and cakes. . . . . • .- • • • ■ Confectionery, jams and jellies sh. fresh, dried and pre3er\'e( Pickles, sauces and condiments Iron and Sted: Bar, bolt and rod. Pipes and piping . Plate and sheet . . Nitrates Machinery : Agricultural Electrical . Mining. Windmills Manufactured articles: Cement Electric cable Electrical fittings. Glass bottles and jars Printing paper Plate and silver ware Soap Books Motor cars Shoes Textiles, wearing apparel, etc. Cotton, piece goods Cotton hosiery Haberdashery Hats and caps Woolen blankets Woolen cloth $583,409 1,741,090 879,135 2,613,017 4,344,159 2,954,326 272,680 271,270 1,633,766 1,689,127 1,432,266 67,860 122,826 1,211,175 764,988 2,113,998 288,266 1,125.619 261.560 149,537 582.995 37.227 138.330 310,252 1,243,999 Fish, fresh, dried and preser\^ed 'Si QR.5 Pickles, sauces and condiments 7q» q?4 Wines and spirits 1.7y».»i* 963,495 1,557,741 1,288,784 1,071,683 491,112 2,107,631 c .. • 1,516,481 Manufacturing '.'.'..'.'] 3,682,665 Total Imports 334,178 335,383 943,666 1,127,855 499,180 959,062 526,858 356,087 1,091,915 3,663,108 5,453,872 7,370,491 3,251,131 5,243,070 995,357 1,135.714 1,393,503 $296,887 1,263,230 852,133 2,625,770 5,385,234 2,213,584 254,022 343,543 1,914,888 881,837 1,555,608 64,793 147,778 912,659 755,564 1,994.714 93,472 1,039,461 294,914 17,311 659,662 25.680 132,245 305,664 1,619,390 1,289,338 457,190 2,053,943 1,096.688 1,041,833 1,045,930 545,899 366,191 866,567 1,480,205 3,180,442 167,956 205,087 543,294 885,453 496,969 825,451 286,020 376,893 1,042,163 2,252,255 4,916,206 8,752,724 8,752,724 4,533,801 1,018,981 3.720.572 1,781,880 $176,864,444 $369,073 2,170,563 615,995 2,676.722 5.952,508 2,501.471 286,001 315,725 1.849,769 426,061 1,418.546 21,811 146,655 440,175 467,386 1,647,540 627 831,317 269,545 9,170 284,713 23,255 158,601 194,910 1,526,987 1,044,768 399.686 2,491,527 2,276,676 1,007,181 , 935,890 1,355,167 350,124 877,196 1,155,853 3,870,951 272,553 227,171 1.153,477 1,448,591 893,161 1,900,959 490,660 460,718 1,180,703 3,739,969 7.324,700 13,985.330 13.985,330 5,963,453 1,662,708 5,991,481 2,220.796 $164,431,014 1917 $270,619 2,170,898 219,424 2,776.348 4.502,449 1,957.039 167,156 226,801 1,994,437 961,303 1.750.202 3,902 51,331 286,220 146,751 2,075.142 43 153,527 123,527 3,436 339,908 23,930 206,734 35,298 487,394 877,419 278,065 2,326,452 2,241,043 956.141 875,339 1,826,912 325.309 730.341 902.864 3.676.473 210.175 105.248 261.055 1.004,902 509.021 1,752,273 329.269 358,148 1,061.997 2,959,749 4,383,666 15,442,227 15.442.227 4.516,573 1,150.308 4.921.571 2.087.739 $200,159,007 $186.456.718 'f Value of imports for years 1913-17, showing principal countries of origin: Country of origin 1913 1914 United Kingdom . Canada. Dominion of India ■ Ceylon \\'V Australia. Commonwealth of New Zealand. Dominion of.. , Mauritius • • • Total: British Empire. 101.914.005 4.163,065 5,289,105 1,002,875 9,751,128 333,794 906.633 $123.360.605 86,217,192 3,786,309 4,855,898 1,028,732 7,600,213 283,026 608,292 1915 $104,379,662 82,949,532 4,753,463 6,150,927 1,110.835 2,209,040 56,768 61.872 $97,292,417 1916 110.538.960 4.211.909 7.074.237 828,066 6.365.352 58.125 124.532 $129,201,281 1917 91.438.110 4.703.712 10.707.513 1.005.568 6.161.075 11.284 224.201 $114.251.463 Continued on page 538 538 ^lE^^IEElf^^EIEE^^ FOREIGN MARKETS UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 539 Table Continued: Countries of Origin Austria-Hungary. . Belgium ..'.'' Belgium Congo. r ranee Germany Holland . Italy... Norway. Sweden .;:::: Swit«erland.. t^mna Japan. :::::::;•■•• United States of America" Argentina Republic Brasil . , Chile.:.::::::; Total: Foreign Cnur^rri^ . S730,112 2.808,487 '2.'9b9',86i 16,540,723 4,113.018 1.540,649 1,731.682 3,382,521 941,513 313,022 533,686 17,826,985 820,231 3,049,858 1.127,111 158,3 69.459 1917: $581,858 1.706,559 2,346:203 10,665,410 2,663.707 1.286.913 1.113,494 2,495.362 976.388 222,976 I 535.858 14,626,155 146,261 2,354,461 1.043,976 133,169 140,050 ■459 $42.765.571 2.354.757 116.323 248,529 1.647,909 l,073,2r)7 2,186,635 1,543,686 379,439 1.077.243 21,447,899 1.532,989 2.489,671 540.359 $9,442 141.528 5,147,757 2.460.627 176,801 2.576.271 1.380.453 1.312.754 4,356,008 1,875,464 623,066 2,628,696 30.428,251 810,983 2,530,643 1.348,552 $1,793 56,152 6.703,203 2.188,511 , „3 1,993 1.769.404 1.059,917 1.07fi,945 4.097.291 1,417,602 346.707 3.628.346 31.359.407 395.749 2.683.906 1.749.361 Gold I Diamond^ $182,684,479 Ostrich feathere : : : : fJ'iS'J J J Wool, scoured 14.354.432 wooiigreasl!*.:::::;: 2J'JJi'?E2 Angora hair 26.460.386 Hides. 4.268.599 Goat skinV ; 3,863.393 Sheep skins: M^'^^ Fresh fruit 4,323.509 Wattle baric; , 263,971 Wattle (extract) 1.503.339 Coal (bunker) . . : : ' " Coal ■ ■ Maize Tobacco, all kinds:: fish, preserved 5,126.012 ' 34J5'.278 410.2i3 $99,843,820 26.792.786 6,525.604 1.594,434 18,956.707 4,054.221 2,644,083 1.307,026 3,660,906 458,147 1,371,899 4,917,858 '2,131,656 429,254 not available $8,146,030 3.614,732 3,007,868 23,101,776 3.341,906 2.799.092 1.287.292 4,022.087 319.350 948.885 4.600.330 3.069,799 498,366 not available $25,660,683 2.363.719 4.877.962 27.139.964 5.422.229 3.977.526 2.015.815 5.268.978 335,058 1.251.124 72.559 9.^6.180 1.566.591 4.264.008 684.342 Value of exports im2.l916. Bhowin. nnnWn.. ,- .. ..... ,. ^ not available $29,631,449 850.592 8.770,584 33.908,536 1.363,891 4,074,988 1.788,441 6,963,363 not available 1,096,950 240,667 not available 1,567.058 not available 488,828 711.538 I not available Countries of destination British Empire. Austria-Hungary . Belgium ] _ France ; ; Germany. . : : : : German East Africa. Ho?UnT"^^"''^-'^"^^'ica: Italy. ...::::; Portuguese East Aifri'ca'. i'ortuguese West Africa. : menca. United States of A.»„.c Uther Foreign Countries Total: Foreign Countries. Ship's Stores Grand Total . 13.000 3.00«,400 733.675 8.375.665 20.081 392.007 313,523 235,855 683,111 22,759 2,628.414 266.775 $16,691,265 5.400 .922 $296.463.307 40.158 3.392.873 958,839 10,410.071 19,425 469.762 39,050 207,293 943,632 33,028 2,606,014 188,247 $19,308,392 5,341,086 $313.783.655 8.859 2.095.792 396.051 6.963.903 5.924 221,703 38,481 36,299 551,605 37,665 1.346,783 230 ,534 $11,933,599 5.201,468 $52,962,963 $83.261.068 43,521 33.645 45.927 503.476 90.677 11.316.655 529.817 845,921 $184,484,230 $12,563,718 4,849,546 243 179 753,139 98,011 15,415,973 722,992 $17,886,458 10,389,013 $70,376,227 $111,536.539 were expended by the minU of the TnTn.!.! ^^^™*""°*' »6«.463,163 and 1931,879 The f oUowing is the official list of stores and their value consumed by 1916 and 1917 the mines during Articles 1916 1917 Articles B»«9 Beltinp . . . • Boiler fluid Bricks Brush ware Candles Carbide Castings: Brass Iron Cement: In casks In bags Charcoal • •• Chemicals, assay and smelt- ing requisites • • • • • i;/ • ; Cloth (brattice and filter) and matting • Coal cutting machines and parts of Coal: Smithy Steam Duff Other Compressed air (purchased). Cyanide ; ' •/ i Disinfectants and hospital requisites Electrical machinery and parts of • •■ Electric power and lignt (purchased) ,: • >i,- • Foodstuffs and supplies (tor colored laborers) Sundry food including bread Vegetables Clothing Medicines, etc Foundry requisites Hand tools (picks, shovels, hammers, etc.) Hose fittings . . ■ Hosing, Bteam, suction, and rock-drill Iron: Bar and angle Galvanized Pig Ironmongery: Bolts, nuts, washers and rivets Screws, nails, etc . . . • Locks, hinges, staples, chains, etc Other Lamps, and parts of . . . Lead: Pig Sheet Lime: White i5iue ••••••••. Lubricants: Oils Grease and tallows Explosives: Blasting gelatin Geignite and gelatin dy namite Dynamite and ligdyn . . . $97,350 715,059 45.137 99,813 66,312 1,465.133 454,478 188,232 447.455 6,176 264,223 79,039 681.198 98.493 64,029 123,046 4,617,373 358,987 186,677 36,579 1,688,983 2.428,350 142,034 1,529,268 6,033,468 1,139,409 297,368! 126,495| 132,662 5,256 621,353 • 121,449 360,949 375,887 97,798 11,096 13,339 $154,555 694,532 39,959 194,723 74,818 1,858,419 441,406 208,023 609.894 4.025 399,165 59,605 696,065 132,870 110,202 132,135 6,223,000 449,081 236,906! 743,217 1,614,744 2,020,342 168,687 1,799,639 6,696,732 1,127.505 332.387 39,876 143,537 94,381 625.063 140,462 351,249 358,914 173,408 16,373 13.334 310.675 132,968 83,320 1,348 87.676 9,620 3.452 696,974 8,648 607,952 383,719 1,838.234 4,619,616 230,133 Other explosives Detonators Electric detonators or fuses Safety fuse • . Lighting torches (tyisa sticks) : • • Fencing and wire netting Fodder (bran, chaff, mealies, forage, etc.) . ••••:,•■ Foodstuffs and supplies (for colored laborers) : Beans Dholl Rice I Meal ;•;••; Malt and cereals for beer. Meat Fish Salt ..■■ Groceries: Coffee, sugar oil, ghee, molasses, etc Machine parts, other than Machinery and machine tools Mercury Metals, antifriction Mill screenings ; • • Motor cars and accessories. Oils, other than lubricating: Transformer Other ," \" Oilskin suits and gum boots. Packing ; Paints, tar, driers, etc FaraflBn Petrol ••: Pipes and pipe fittings Rails, crossings, sleepers, etc Rock drills, and parts of. Ropes: Wire Vegetable fibre Screening Shoes and dies ... . . Skips, cages, kibbles, and parts Soap Soda, crude ■ • .- Stationery and printing .... Steel: Bar, tool, cast, etc Sheet Hand drills Rock drills Other Timber: . Buildingmatenal(cemng8, floorings, doors, etc.) . . Deals Oregon pitch pine, etc . . Mining poles and logging Other Tube-mill requisites: Liners Pebbles and flint Other requisites Trucks, and parts of W^aste Water (purchased) 1,047,266 Wood fuel. .••;•• Zinc and »inc disks 5,543,571 All other articles 697,219" 402,727 153,777 77,626 62,476 96,658 14,828 6,270 662,621 19,344 702,985 519,913 1916 1917 $52,383i 365,362 18,191 994,226 78,964 19,223 154.512 206,785 ■ •••••••• 81,592 1,832,861 145,888 2.335,025 25,649 12,220 203,396 1,233,414 2,784.359 209.922 102.772 134,476 67.143 11,768 9,802 48,564 197,162i 105,199 121,9451 88.590! 2.037.083 1.315.571 1,247,791 739,2991 65,640 30,567 907,276 73,372 55,824 115,774 355,274 137,897 620,572; 404,421 616,722| 42,475 $47,609 471,470 66,64 1,098,00 74,297 31,204 293,752 168,756 8,940 181,005 2,464.157 167.709 2,467,870 20,580 14.838 289,430 1,435,649 3,602,682 232.692 137,683 ■ llMfi 14.935 53.098 89.193 225.173 137.046 164.381 139.717 2.247.204 1.537.517 1.712.459 1,073,042 79,533 275,103 975.402 103,807 58.403 94.634 436.583 161.996 639,315 306,774 936.315 78,881 121,862 530,6391 1,334,307 2,105,127 7.772: 267,741 803 64,486 618,503 59,642; 851,216; 23,721 l,840,70q 936,722 164,695 514,124 1,567,903 2,160.449 614,313 321,019 2,973 74,915 697,262 71,500 825,102 73,722 1,513.559 1.131,047 Total |$fi2.900.359 $72.624.069 I ' f fl 540 Agriculture: EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Production and Industry Provinces Maiie Kaffib Corn Acres Bags* Acres Cape Province ... Natal 1,727.864 Orange Free State! 1.803,745 Transvaal Bags* Total. 1.788,294 3.310.613 8,632,516 Note: *Bag8 of 200 pounds each. 242,327 231.667 905.502 892.113 2,271,609 299,422 594.132 191.414 462,758 1,547.726 19.333 8.108 85.485 52,485 165.411 ^^^^ Acreage and production of principal other cereal crops according to lat«,t statistics Provinces Wheat Oats Barley Cape Province . . . Natal *<^*"es Orange Free State ." ." *"®^ Transvaal. ^^^^^ acres Total Rye Total 485.018 2.327 236,682 73.072 797,099 500,038 16.629 184.502 102492 803.361 90.304 2.583 8,910 5.949 107.746 90.503 866 15.445 666 107.480 1,165,863 22,406 445,539 180,879 1.814,687 Provinces Wheat Bags of 200 Pounds Oats Bags of 150 Pounds Oat Hay Tons of 2.000 Pounds Cape Province . . i ' Barley Bags of 160 Pounds Natal.... I ''^i'^ Orange Free State." ..'.'.*.' ' ^ Transvaal ... Barley Cut Green Tons Total. 265,487 232.591 1,810,315 1.228,927 43.639 155.067 633.289 2.060.922 147.325 4.892 54.081 46,803 253,101 Rye Bags of 200 Pounds 373,509 2.807 12.381 18,939 407,636 25,248 2,086 11,180 5,625 44,139 169,287 828 1,270 31,318 202.703 .ugar'"^thr:r:.^rc:;rsrn' mr'rr/^^-'^-Ar''"" ^- "^ bearing and 2,,'kTnon'^Z:Z'^:^ ^ 'TatUe!bLw°"V.°^ which 1.166,387 tanning extract is grown on 250,(i)0 ac^n NaS.' ^"^^^'^^ f°' ""« ■"'^"factore of 1.90oSttIStS7S:fa''to\r^^ T'' T-"™"'^ ' W ^^^ wooled; a total of 11,762,929 goaL of whfch 1 2^^ f "' °' "^^^ ^''^'''^' ""^ kinds; 746,736 ostrich.,' 71^,l,1::Z"tmlf: 27 S^^' ''''•"** °^ °''" UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 541 fisheries: companies in Durban, operating eighteen boata tio «6 tndTpW d 596 persons. In May, 1917, only one company was o^« tT^h InLg. siun« and the coUecting of penguin^ and guano are other mdustnes. "'"^i .1 f 97 «M 135 tons of gold was miUed in the Union in 1917, having a total value valued at $1,394, were produced in Cape Province. Output of gold at Transvaal mines during the first six months of 1919 amounted to 4 147 rSounL valued at $85,620,520. ThU compares with 4,256,334 ounces m the same ^^i 1918 The foUowing table shows the monthly figure for the last four years, u. fine ounces: January February. . . March April May June July August September . , October ... November. December . Totals . 676,059 636,72S 712.379 694,944 724,995 702,379 4,147.484 714,182 659,759 696,281 717,099 741.317 727,696 736.199 740,210 708,206 679,764 658.701 641,245 8,420,659 782,634 721,321 787.094 742,778 779,385 759,724 757,839 756,658 738,231 751,290 722,839 722,419 9,022,212 787,467 753.594 796,689 754.672 777,681 761.764 761.087 781.150 771,567 792.339 783,066 774.462 9,295.538 Value of the output of gold at Transvaal mines by months from January, 1916, to the present time : January February .... March April May June July August September.. . October November . . . December. . . Totals . . $13,856,549 13,144,574 14,716,321 14,346,408 14.966,773 14,509,882 $14,743,553 13,620,038 14,373,904 14,803,778 15,303,726 15,198,065 16,022,542 15,280,865 14,620,177 14,433.051 13.598,197 13,237,842 $85,540,507 $174,325,738 $16,156,671 14,890,923 16,148,744 15,331,488 16,089,603 15,683,710 15,644,796 15,620.423 15,248,062 15,509.615 14,922.270 14,917.605 $186,163,910 $16,256,447 15,557.166 16,446.826 15,579,424 16,054.412 15,725,841 15.711.850 16,126,043 15.928.202 16,357.020 16.165.589 15. 987.966 $191,896,786 i^tiii I 542 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Value of the gold output of the Transvaal for three previous yeare: Month January. . . February., March April May June July August September. , October. . . . November. . December. . Totals . $16,317,939 16,175,460 16,341,950 16,226,653 16,419,561 15.443.264 13.547,932 15,050.887 14.597.972 14.851.103 13.922,025 13.908,155 $181,802,901 $13,472,759 12,945.795 14,197,264 14.136,813 14,888,278 14.840.674 15.141,618 14.716,476 14,514,969 15.167,683 14.797.455 14,369.582 $173,189,366 »14,779.843 13.978.564 15,585,034 15.381.308 15.783.748 15.612.822 15.924,444 16.098.260 16.056,642 16,488.296 16,144,779 16.146.79 9 $187,980,539 in 1917, of which 6.M1,229 tons, v^ld at^ 7^261 1 ' T ^^^"^ '" **"' ^'^'"' tons valued at «9S oi 7 „ j vaiuea at »/,708,261, were produced m Transvaal: 8 300 were^dulrSSt-^^^^^^^ tons, va.u;d ai ,n,8Vwrpl'u^r^^^^^^ Evince, and 22.784 15,443. * *'^*' '™*' **''^' '"'"- ^'J'-ed "t $1,438,472; fiint, valued at Manufacturing: and Slnfe!:^':"" " ""' ''"°° ^ ^"^ '='-' "^ -"-t'^. -«> Pe— -Ployod Industry ^' ^TurS:°' ""' '^*^"'^' *^« P'^"<^* of agricultural and pastorall Boilinir rintim «<>11»_. _-c_? . . Factories Employees Capital pursuits: Boiling down, tallow refining and bone milling *ell mongenng and wool scouring ^" Chaff cutting and corn crushing. . '.'.'/. Other industries. Total. $73,721 479,363 456.533 396.167 $1,405,784 Continued on page 543 UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 543 fable Continued: n Processes in stone clay, earthenware and glass Bricks, tiles, earthenware and pottery Glass, ornamental Lime works ,••.••• j* * * • Marble.8tone and slate dressing Cement factories, etc Salt pans, salt works Other industries Total TTT Working in wood: . Brushes; brooms, baskets, wickerware. . Carpentry and jmnery . ..... .... •••;•• Cooperage, packing case and box works. Saw mills Other industries IV, Total. Metal, engineering, machinery and cutlery works: Brass and copper, cutlery ..... •••••• Engineering, foundries, blacksmithing Galvaniied iron works and plumbing Wire working Other industries Total Preparation, treatment and preserving of food, drink, condiments and tobacco: ^ Bacon and ham curing. Butter and cheese making " ' Fish preserving • .- * Cold storage, sausage makmg Bread and biscuit making Confectionery ' . " Flour and grain mills ■ Fruit preserving and J.^^.J^^^^^^^^.-Vila ■gauce and n)ii« making Coffee roasting and grinding, tea. pickles, sauce auu op Sugar mills and refineries Aerated water lactones " ' Breweries and malt works Distilleries i ' \" ' Tobacco, cigar and cigarette factories Other industries VI Total. Production of clothing.. textUe fabrics, etc.: Dressmaking and millinery Hats and caps, shirts and ties Tailoring Other clothing^ .^.^.^^. .^^ ^ • .^^^; -- -^- Wnci Iwine . Bags and sacL. Tarpaulins, tents and sails. Other textile industries . Total. VII. Books, paper, printing and engraving: Printing and binding . •. Photo engraving and lithograpning Paper bags and cardboard boxes Otner industries Total. 14 36 62 65 241 36 667 12 49 32 164 21 32 67 22 109 23.296 2,178 157 239 1,570 163 10 352 27 9 26 7 25,979 221 936 1.582 738 3.291 1,527 4.225 1,009 2.109 8,497 1.484 1,917 487 2,241 372 3.106.453 160.812 1.164.815 464,766 3,658.297 1.381,542 111.080 $10,047,766 226.519 447.329 659.448 3.933.300 86.185 $5,352,781 160.438 21.383.290 1,680,243 194,866 217.927 $23,636,764 $751,460 2.241.276 870.994 3,291.143 4.105.081 1.704,149 16,287.371 1.272.629 1.525,306 16.762.514 1.961.282 22,137.212 3.001.006 6.718.823 939.151 594 248 10 12 13 30,636 1.459 155 3.561 377 205 384 166 $83,569,697 284,868 68,078 2.610.568 375.648 149.833 395.214 193,389 283 6,307 5,386 56 289 90 5,821 $4,277,098 8.815.389 118,117 242,353 110,079 $9,285,938 Continued on page 544 i I i f I. . r *, aj 'i 544 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Table Continued: Vlll^Vehicles (mechanically propelled and other^-iee): Coach and wagon building ^ycle and motor repairing Spokes, wheels, yokes, tires," etc Total. IX. Ship and boat building and repairing *^ * X. Furniture, bedding and upholstery: Chair fact ones ' Furniture, cabinet making and uphoirte^ Mattress factories. , . "»»tcry Picture frames Other industries. . . Total XI. Dru^, chemicals, pamts, varnishes, etc. Chemicals, drugs, perfumes ^.xplomves and matches. . . Fertilizers Oil and grease Paints and varnishes ..■.".'.' Soaps and candles. . Other industries ..:::: Total. ^^cSiSs.'^?**^ *°** °*^" '^'•^^^fi*' instruments: Surgical, dental instruments, etc! Total. ^" nofJ!S[' *i™ep5ece8 and plated ware: ^m and Sliver smiths . Other industries (including e'l^ro piatiig) Total. XIV Heat, light and power: Gm worfe*^* "^^ P^''*' ^**^°^ Other indusiriW (inclGdi^g eiectriciU'en^nWring) Total XV. Leather and leather ware: Tanmng factories rJoots and shoes Harness and saddlery. ... . Portmanteaux and bags. . \ 360 215 5 480 11 5 109 20 11 10 2,972 1.548 46 161 35 5 15 5 7 16 10 4.566 145 90 1.986 206 82 77 «2,924.412 1.605.666 43,317 •4.573,385 S21 5.808 15,109 1.959,367 131,599 137,756 111,760 93 11 6 2,441 521 4.788 582 126 105 1,986 331 8.439 33 43 $2,355,591 748.892 17.045,439 1,058.056 1,545,849 178,143 11,059.168 788,763 17 31 15 •32.424.310 55.559 16.281 46 81 7 58 76 178 92 •71.840 153.717 72,968 Total. XVI. House building: Building and contracting. ^VII Other industries: Miscellaneous. 146 23 104 69 6 270 3,844 213 852 Grand Total, 202 440 35 4,909 920 2,388 986 111 •226,685 59,239,823 2,870.209 886,814 5,305 4,405 12.822 1,196 •62.996,846 2,223,887 1,842,921 908,387 61,377 •5,036,572 123.842 2,906,007 •248.382.871 VNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 545 5^ 1 o «^5i -ja t s.S ^ S •? u V QQ M£S«6 546 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 547 Language: English and Dutch are used. Local Advertising Media: There are about two English daUy papers in each of the more important cities and there are likewise commercial reviews, trade papers and one general magazine of importance There are several important pubUcations in the Dutch language. Posters and electric display signs, as well as posters in railway stations and tram cars are extensively employed as media. Money, Weights and Measures: The coins and standard weights and measures are those of Great Britain. The fol- lowing old Dutch measures continue in use; Bulk measure: 1 leaguer - 152 Dutch gallons - 126J^ English gallons 1 pipe - 110 " . 91 li '• 1 aum — 38 •* « 3ii^ 1 anker ■■ 9H " ■■ 7^ " 1 " - .7895 Dry Measure: 1 muid - 3 bushels « 24 gallons, — 96 quarts. 1 "bag" (Indian corn) "mealies," weighs 200 lbs. net or 203 lbs. gross. Lineal Measure: 1,000 Cape feet - 1,033 Englbh feet. _„12 •* - 1 Cape rood - 12.396 English feet. 6111.3 -425.944 " . 1 English mile. Square Measure: 144 sq. Cape feet - 1 sq. Cape rood ?02?Rr.n«Lr. "^^ . - ^ ^"^ °»°^««« - 2 "654 acres. 60£.3o Cape morgens ■• 1 square mile. Shipping Routes: Houston Line. American and African Steamship Line. American and Indian Line. Union-Clan Line. Prince Line. Customs Tariff: Duty is levied upon the home consumption value in the country of origin at the date of shipment. Duty on catalogues, price Hsts, ahnanacs, calendars, labels, posters and show cards IS 4 cents per pound, or 25 per cent, ad valorem. When sent by post the duty may be prepaid by stamps affixed to the letter or parcel. The fees on catalogues of foreign firms are as follows : Up to 8 ounces y^^^ Over 8 ounces and up to 16 ounces j q 04 (2d ) " ^4 » .'.' ?j :: .■:::::::::::$o.o6 (sd.) "^^ 33 $0.08 (4d.) Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required, and there are no restrictions imposed as to marks weights, etc. Because of the anti-dumping clause of the South African Tariff, a certificate is required to accompany all shipments. If prices are made F. O. B. New York, a memo- randum should be inserted at the bottom of the commercial invoice showing the expenses in detail from factory to F. O. B. New York. Also a memorandum should be inserted showmg costs of boxmg and crating. Declaration on the certificate must show that the ^ues in the invoice are those of the open market if the g^ were soW there for home rfj^ption and the discounts are the same as those granted m the Umted States. Should !^^t be thTcase any differences must be shown in paraJlel columns. This certificate :^t be ^^^ a^tke fig^ authenticated by the principal director, manager or secretary of the firm or company making it. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Cape Town via London, twenty-five days. Parcel Post: a t» '4. • Service extends to South Africa with same conditions as given for Great Bntam. parcels can not be registered. Money Orders: Issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. V 548 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS EAST AFRICA 549 BRITISH AFRICA (EAST) BRITISH EAST AFRICAN PROTECTORATE British East Africa is bounded on the east by the Indian Ocean, on the northeast by Italian Somaliland, on the north by Abyssinia, on the west by the Uganda Protectorate and on the south by the former German colony of East Africa. Area 246,822 square miles' Population, white, 5,650; native, 2,848,700; Asiatic, 14,000. The principal towns are Mombasa (population about 30,000, of whom 150 are Europeans); Nairobi, the capital (population about 14,000, of whom about 800 are Europeans and 3,000 natives). United States statistics of foreign commerce include in statistics of trade with British East Africa trade with the Protectorate, Uganda Protectorate, Somaliland, Sokotra Mauritius and the Seychelles. During the calendar year 1919 the value of the direct trade was: Exports, $1,872,393; imports, $839,040. Imports and exports for five years: Year Imports Exports 1913-14 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 $10,438,973 7,140,360 8,302.498 14,697,237 13,665,049 $7,206,777 4,883,30S 7.140.360 7,843.32.-) 8.465.823 Principal imports, 1917-18, were: Cotton piece goods, $4,619,954; grain and flour, $1,085,895; provisions, $700,092; sugar, $632,446; vehicles and parts, $304,002; machinery and parts, $320,492; building materials, $171,123; tobacco, cigars and cigarettes, $436,194; spirits, wines and beer, $473,788; oil and petroleum, $206,355; wearing apparel, $257,176; soap, $221,975; bags and sacks, $216,355; hardware, $149,002; agricultural implements,' $154,922; iron and steel, $139,462; cotton manufactures, other than piece goods, $209,213; leather and manufactures of leather, $149,289. Of imports, $6,092,957 were from the United Kingdom, $4,080,742 were from British possessions, $917,436 from the United States, and $444,923 from the highlands. Principal exports: Hides and skins, $1,215,398; grain and oil seeds, $191,736; fibers, $1,107,304; ivory, $218,053; copra, $91,874; coffee, including that from the Uganda Pro- tectorate, $863,291. Of these exports, $5,169,810 worth were sent to the United Kingdom, $2,765,524 to British possessions, $69,570 to France, and $178,493 to Italy. The agricultural products in the lowlands are tropical and include rubber, cotton, sisal, rice, and cocoanuts. In the highlands the principal crops are of the temperate zone, such as wheat, corn, barley, potatoes, beans, peas, etc. Coffee and wattle are grown and ostrich, sheep farming, and dairying are important industries. The forest areas of the highlands produce many valuable woods. Graphite, marble, limestone and manganese are mined, and there are carbonate of soda deposits at Lake Magadi. The total railway mileage is 807 miles. There are steamers of 1,200 tons on Lake Victoria. There are 3,161 miles of telegraph wire. Goods can be sent to the British East African Protectorate by parcel f)ost at the 12 cent rate plus a transit charge of 36 cents for parcels up to three pounds, 72 cents for seven pounds and $1.08 for eleven pounds. EAST AFRICA (Fonneriy German East Africa Protectorate) This territory is bounded on the north by British East Africa, on the west by the , rnnTn Rh^^ia and Nyasaland, on the south by Portuguese East Africa, on the S; thfln^n^^^^^^^^ a'coast lin'e of about 450 miles. Area, 384,180 s.uare miles. 1 *• « iQi-^ f> ^-^fi white and about 7,500,500 natives. '-'t^ ^L'St"^^^^ traie until 1920 i^^f ^d tr^^^^^^ in trad^ with German Africa. Exports to German Africa m the calendar year 1919 ^ere valued at $462,349; imports at $89,274. Imports and exports for four years: Year Imports Exports Year Imports Exports 1911. 1912 $11,151,668 12,225.125 $5,452,375 7.634.666 1913.... 1917-18. $13,066,115 5,392,296 $8,638,902 2,889.984 Principal imports for 1913: Articlea Value Articles Value Cotton gooda .... Railway materials Rice $3,614,724 1,113.025 884,097 Machinery Flour Cement . . . $492,160 237,814 257,140 Principal exports for the same year: Articles Value Coffee Copra Groundnuts Simsim Cotton Siaal ' Timber Rubber: Plantation. . . WUd Ivory _. • . Hides and skins . W ftX ••••• •< Micft ' • • • ■ ' • • • $225,990 .570.564 466,074 99.144 586.602 2,603.502 99,144 1,496.880 973,458 55,890 1.334.070 343.602 116.640 Z" ::d ^l^'^rXt n^sr^d 43.600 c'aU.e. and 41.650 sheep and «oat3 owned '"^ ti!^ are 1,000 mUes of raUway in the protectorate, fifty post offic^. thirty-five telegraph offices, and three wireless stations. The roads m general are good. There are eovemment owned river and coast steamers and steamers ""i^^, Vf'"*; Ugan^N^l aid Tanganyika. Trade is chiefly with Zanzibar. B„t«h East Afnca. and '"■^Principal towns ar« Tanga. Dar^alaam, Bagamoyo, f -- "f^^^^^^^^^^arS the coast; Mwanza, Bukoba, Shirati on Lake Victona; Usumbura, Kigoma and Bismarck on Lake Tanganyika, and Langenburg on Lake Nyasa. { 550 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS MA URITIUS— SEYCHELLES 551 i' ll< MAURITIUS Mauritius, an English possession situated in the Indian Ocean to the east of Mada gascar, had in 1911 a total population of 377,083. Its capital, Port Louis, has a popula! tion of 50,060. The chief exports from Mauritius are sugar, aloe fibre and cocoanut oil^ imports; unrefined sugar, hemp, cotton goods, coal, machinery, iron and steel man^ factures, fertilizers and soap. In 1917, imports were valued at $12,662,540 and exports at $20,063,931. The sugar crop for 1919 is estimated at 275,000 tons. The total length of the railways is 119^ miles. There are 621 miles of telegraph and 139 miles of tele- phone lines. There is cable communication with Zanzibar, Australia, Reunion and Madagascar. Goods can be sent to Mauritius by parcel post via England at the regular 12 cent rate plus a transit charge. For trade of the United States with Mauritius, see page o4o. - — SEYCHELLES A group of about ninety islands in the Indian Ocean about 935 miles north of Mauritius, with a total area of 156 square miles and a total population of 26,000. Principal island Mah^, with an area of 553^ square miles. ' Principal products are: Cocoanuts, grown on about 13,000 acres, wliicb produced over 20,000,000 cocoanuts in 1917; vanilla. Para rubber, mangrove bark and phosphate deposits are other sources of revenue. In 1916 there were about 1,000 head of cattle. For trade of the United States with the Seychelles, see page 548. Imports and exports bv rlassification of goods: Articles Imports 1916 Quantity Value 1917 Quantity Value Bags, jute No Beverages Breadstuffs: DhoU and Lentils Tons Flo»ir '.'.'.'.'. iTons gr^m Tons Kice Tons Bullion and specie Coffee. ... ■.■.■.■.■.'.■.■.■.■.■.■.■.■.■.ton JJrugs and chemicals Earthenware and porcelain ... Ghee Grains . 17.200 Haberdashery Matches Metals, manufactured: Copper Iron . Machinery Nails and screws Other Petroleum and other mineral oils . Provisions Soap. 421 245 209 2,485 51 $2,380 19,395 26,371 14,024 10,939 108,940 9,039 5,598 769 7,264 34,700 103 236 34 2.345 .Tons Sugar Textile manufactures: Clothing Cotton goods Other '.'.'.'.['.'.'. Tobacco, manufactured: Cigars and cigarettes pounds ,, Other Yarns All other articles 302 18,139 1,743 854 4,524 1,908 50 Total. 1.208,328 6.485 5,283 3,501 11,555 30,328 8,101 126,075 2,826 1.302 1,421 ' 62.7i5 ' 272 $481,600 835,993 $5,390 14,950 5,780 15,494 1,189 106,819 14,827 10,462 5,838 3,265 2,332 18,177 9,849 2,012 3.957 3.015 3,663 2,085 6.906 7,891 972 4.106 23.936 7.070 48.013 5.669 1,259 1.894 3.264 13.874 $412,296 Articles Exports 1916 Quantity Value 1917 Quantity Value Local products: ..Tons Cinnamon bark *,^^ Copra ::;;;:::! ■. Tons Guano Oito: . Gals. Cocoanut ^ , Essential '^*^*- Whale Other juJ Shells, turtle. .^. ; ^ons Soap, cocoanut-oil , , Vanilla ., ^"''' All other articles 187 2,370 980 14.591 5.043 Total. Re-exports. Grand total . 1,931 103 45.174 $4,004 271.132 9.525 9.143 30.520 6.804 64 5,256 12.805 53.158 4.687 1 2.114 2.020 14.918 4.905 1.371 28 14.227 $407,104 134.702 $541,806 $14 289.675 19.692 10.468 23,451 4.043 4.213 16,471 7.954 $51,983 60.424 $436,408 The principal currency of the island is the Indian rupee, with a par value of $0,324. Seychelles is best reached by boat from Marseilles. SOKOTRA Sokotra, an island off the coast of East Africa, is a British protectorate; area 1,382 square miles, population 12,000. The chief export is butter The P^ducts are dat^ and various gums, cattle, sheep and goats are raised. For trade of the United States with Sokotra, see page 548. SOMALILAND PROTECTORATE Area about 68,000 square miles. Population about 300,000, principally Mohammedan, and with the exception of the coast district, nomadic. Principal towns Berbera (population 1911, 30,000); Zeyla (population, 1911, 7,000); Bulbar (population, 1911, 7,000). Principal imports are rice, textiles, sugar, and dates. Principal exports : skins and hides, resin, gum, cattle. Imports, 1917-18, $1,373,994; exports, $1,003,473. The monetary unit is the rupee, having the same value as in India. Transportation is by camel. There are four wireless stations and several telegraph stations. For trade of the United States with the Somaliland Protectorate, see page 548. ♦ 552 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS UGANDA PROTECTORATE l^e protectorate is bounded on the south by the former German Hnlnnv .„h r , Victona, on the west by Lakes Albert Edward and Albert Zbvt^^Sn^I^\»i' Is^rr^' T"" "^^^ ^°*'^ population, 1918, 3,361,117, of whom S70 are wtoT Por trade of the United States with the Uganda Protectorate, see page 548. Poreign trade for four years: Year Imports Exports Year Imports 1913-14. 1914-15. $3,668,104 2,348.079 $2,486,759 1,230,420 Exports 1915-16. 1916-17. $2,963,739 4,611,629 $14,403,771 22.412.516 Principal imports for four years: 1913-14 1914-15 1915-16 Agricultural Implements. . Hardware Yams and Textile Fabrics: Baf ta Americani Other kinds Bicycles Bags and sacks Provisions Blankets 1916-17 $65,143 136.600 201,816 526.646 657.402 128,945 107.410 98,619 175,742 $36,673 82,766 80.228 289.553 331,170 77,244 69,979 86,935 86.988 $16,169 29,733 84,797 494,694 603,621 21,213 65,916 93,866 104.251 $86,046 41,173 157.881 644.922 950,831 44,206 119.502 126.612 170.206 Principal exports for four years: 1913-14 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 Coffee Chilies Ground nuts Sesame (sim-sim) Rubber (wild) " (plantation) . . Cotton Hides Skins (goat and slieep) Ghee 7. Ivory $112,601 40,955 18.176 60.784 5.380 14.259 1.543,958 257.220 148.968 60.784 115.065 $199,284 28,358 369 23,153 " 8,932' 1,706,669 266,896 96.241 59.603 30.535 $423,801 81,891 3,994 106.851 2,692 21.204 1.192.770 313.372 89.564 58.310 53.902 $663,406 134.814 7.587 103.605 194 34.899 1.696.008 257.689 78.863 88.986 175,805 In 1917 there were 128 European estates, exclusive of Mission olantatiorm wJfh « total acreage of 19,690 under culUvation. There were likewise 2,7S"lotrZer:aL cultivation not mcludmg Rudol Province and certain districts in the Northern P^^^ for which figures are not available. . » ■» » luvmce, UGANDA PROTECTORATE 653 Principal crops are coffee, with 13,437 acres under European cultivation and 8,464 mder native; sweet potatoes, 279,087 acres; cocoa 3,507 acres under European cultivation; M.!,n 129 833 acres. There are cotton ginneries at Kisumu, Kampala, Jmja and other '?!! oiher crops are rubber, 5,706 acres under European, and 3,335 acres under native culUvation; bananas, 472,931 acres; beans, 105,612 acres, wheat, and maize. There are 1,480 mUes of telegraph with twenty-two offices, and telephone systems at Entebbe, Kampala, and Jinja. There are over 500 miles of motor roads in the protectorate. ?toB^ga I^ilroad runs from Jinja on Lake Victoria to Mamasagah on Lake Kioga, , dUtence of sixty-one mUes. Regular steamship service is maintained on Lakes Victoria andToga The conditions for sending goods by parcel post to the Uganda are the same as for British East Africa. ZANZIBAR PROTECTORATE The Protectorate of Zanzibar comprises the islands of Zanzibar, with an area of 640 square miles, and a population of 113,624; and Pemba with an area of 380 sQ-re miles and population of 83,109. It is administered under the Government of Bntish South Africa^ The p^eipal town is Zanzibar, population 35,000. In both islands there are about 200 Europeans, about 10,000 British Indians and about 10,000 Arabs, who hold the larger commercial interests. For trade of the United States with Zanzibar, see page 548. Imports and exports for five years, including bullion and specie: Years Imports Exports Year Imports Exports 1913 1914 1915 $5,362,271 $5,097,488 3,710,148 3,960,666 3,906,8421 3,844.337 1916. 1917. $6,122,725 8,554,056 $5,113,531 8,985,129 Distribution of trade during 1916 and 1917: Countries From or to: United Kingdom British India and Burma British East Africa Netherlands France U. 8. America $1,241,448 2.474.884 333.950 242,645 27,614 228,526 $2,234,423 2,177,459 989,622 270,031 61,751 263,946 $887,829 1,088,508 326,120 ' 523.3i5 204,401 $461,631 1.483.043 1,380,696 72,938 221,120 1 i It 1(1 III H J! Jl 554 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Value of chief articles of import and export during 1916 and 1917: Articles Imports 1916 1917 Exports 1916 Bags and Kanda Coal Dried fish Flour. Groceries and provisions. Ghee Hardware Livestock ' . Sugar Tobacco Cloves Copra Grain Ivory Petroleum Piece goods ,][[ Rice Specie 1917 $64,059 81,900 40.177 136.906 327.034 157,988 78,911 107.838 222.145 111.391 ' 215,492 185.899 61.080 72.715 1.918.295 502,091 648.178 $68,773 7.980 57.100 149.415 508.297 176.699 97.175 97,360 337,964 253.332 ' 48(S',83i 221,066 19.026 211,011 2.851.818 620.121 680.137 $212,333 33,670 2.105.906 750.938 50.247 33.475 1.026,150 129.839 159,932 $617,696 46.607 2,120,136 1,456,313 " 4(8.986 138,043 2,569,564 155,432 269.618 TV. J ^Ty^nt^^^^^ "" *^^ ^'^""^^ °^ ^^^^^- The average acreage is 60,000 mere are 4,750,000 trees, and the average yearly crop is 14,000,000 pounds. Cocoanuts are grown on about 50,000 acres, and there are about 2,500,000 trees. Th.I^^'^'7^'^ T^^ manufactures of pottery, coir rope, cocoanut oil, soap, and mats. vroZZll'^Thfn^^^^ l^'^j^'' "^ roads, a telephone system, and a light railway in the protectorate. The British Indian rupee, with a par value of $0,324 United States currency to 35^1^^^ ''^ ^'^'''^'''' ^^^ ""^'^^^ "^^ ^ measuring cloves is the frasila equal to Goods can be sent by parcel post to Zanzibar via England at the regular 12 cent rate plus transit charges. BRITISH WEST AFRICA 555 BRITISH AFRICA (WEST) BRITISH WEST AFRICA The British possessions in West Africa comprise Ascension Island, the Colony and P^ Jctorft^ of nT^^ the Pmtectorate and Colony of Gambia, the Gold Coast Colony wHh tl^ti and ^^^^ Territories, and the Sierra Leone Colony and Protoctorate. ^s caTbe sent by parcel post to Ascension Island, Gambia, Gold Coast and Nigeria via England at the regular 12 cent rate plus aU extra transit charges. United States statistics of foreign commerce include these possessions m the ^nerd elassfficaUon of trade with British West Africa. Trade of the United States with British West Africa for seven years (statistics for fiscal years ending June 30): 1913 1914 1915 1916 Exports to. . . Imports from . $3,311,370 361,546 $3,607,869 633,111 $2,924,575 394,751 $4,552,749 6,439.412 1917 1918 1919 Calendar Year 1919 Exports to. . . Imports from. $6,994,977 9.578.160 $8,029,263 16,761,226 $9,120,488 14.598,023 $15,538,363 26,503.744 ASCENSION ISLAND An island with an area of thirty-eight square miles, located in the South Atlantic 700 miles northwest of St. Helena, population about 200. The island is used as a ^aUng and cable station by the British government and as a samtanum for naval c^e^s serving on the African coast. The only settlement is Georgetown. Sea turtle is the only important product of the island. For trade of the United States with Ascension, see under British West Africa, above. ASHANTI Population, 287,814. Principal town, Coomassie, with a population of approximately 25.000. The principal products are cocoa, rubber, mahogany and cedar, ^ ruite and gums in the west, and com, yams, bananas, cocoa and ground nuts m the east. Gold output m 1917 was valued at $2,404,271. Commerce Principal imports, 1917: Cotton manufactures, $2,164,872; coal, $579,321' spirits, $225,397; tobacco, $441,477. Principal exports: Palm kernels, $4,094,588 (58,019 tons); kola nuts, $1,560,570, palm oil, $303,142 (543,111 gallons). For trade of the Umted States with Ashanti, see under British West Africa, above. GAMBIA A colony at the mouth of the river Gambia with an area of four square mfl« and a population of 8,000. The protectorate has an area of 4,500 square miles and an estimated population of 200,000. The capital and chief town is Bathurst. For trade of the Umted States with Gambia, see under British West Africa, above. •^•i H ill 556 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Commerce Imports and exports of Gambia for five years, including specie: 1913 1914 Imports. Exports. 1915 1916 $5,302,886 4,C54,528 1917 $3,343,714 4.500,977 $2,532,793 2,905,573 $4,299,032 3,428,958 $4,819,302 5,086,009 Chief imports, 1917 specie, $1,431,634; empty bags, $97,097; cottons, piece good, and other manufactures, $1,273,320; flour, $40,338; hardware, $70,941; kola nuts, $548 557^ provis.ons, $44,746; nee, $295,196; spiriU, $33,451; sugar, $46,510; tobacco M9l9l' Sir ""'"' *^'^^''-"^- ^^"^^ »286.501; pahn kernels, $38,8M; o^d,, There is a fortnightly steamship service between Liverpool and Bathurst, and internal transportation js «irned on by steamers or lamiches. There are two post offices and cable connection with Sierra Leone, but no telegraphs or railways. Currency as in Nigeria. I he French 5-franc piece is legal tender at the rate of 3s. 10 J^. GOLD COAST A colony which extends for 334 miles along the Gulf of Guinea between the French Ivory Coast and Togoland. The area of the Gold Coast, including Ashanti and the pro- tectorate, IS estimated at 80,000 square miles, and has a population, (1911) of 1 503 .^R'i ^ which in 1915, 2,206 were Europeans. Chief towns are aZ, with a Sil oHo'S ?Xh%TLtp3""'"°° °' '•'''' ^^^ "°'"' ^'""* -^'^ " ^•'"^«- of ";^5: Commerce r^.J^L*'"^^ °^ *''* ^'^^ ^'^**' '"'*'' "'^ ^" <^"'' ««« '«'«'«>• British West Africa, page Ouo. Imports and exports of Gold Coast for five years, including bullion and specie: 1913 1914 Imports ®. , Exports®. $24,069,120 26,375,735 $53,748,864 24,021,308 1915 1916 1917 $21,673,354 28,886.046 $29,158,780 28,268.321 $16,458,292 30,933.535 Note: ©Including bullion and specie. Chief imports, 1917: Specie, $806,575; cotton goods, $2,887,073; machinery, $487 122- prov.,ons, $549,865; coal, $646,282; apparel, $475,239; spirits, $i,03^,759; hardTar^sS 889, carnages (motor cars, etc.), $655,308; building materials, $346,333. Chief export^ cocoa, 90,964 tons, value, $15,293,685; gold and gold dust, $8,351,827; specie ^05T7M-' 55t5,92L ''''''''' '""'"' ''''''''^ '^^^"^ '^^'^^^' ^^'^^' P^i- oMl W^ Unit2'L'Z''^/jT«t' ^^l^"^ ^^""^"^"^ '"^ ^^^^ "'""^'^*^ ^ $10,864,233, and from the Umted Stat^, $3,514,664. The exports to the United Kingdom were $17,441,390' and to the Umted States, $4,885,291, and to France, $3,237 970 ^^i,^w, and to GOLD COAST 557 Production and Industry The principal products and exports are palm oU, kola nuts, palm kernels, India rubber o ™ and native woods. Rubber, cocoa, cocoanuts, cotton and spices are bemg SS^h gov rnment aid. The output of gold in 1918 was 313 445 ounces, valued at .f IS Dried 6sh forms an important element of trade with the mterior. There f^2l7mie8 0? railway, approximately 330 mUes of main, and 2,000 mil^ o secondary ri ?h^ are fiftyight telegraph offices with 2,600 miles of Une. and telephone ex- changes in three towns. KAMERUN The colony was formerly a protectorate of the German Empire aiid U^ between BritW. Nigeria and the French Congo, extending northeast from the '^^ «°f t"™» to the south shore of Lake Chad. Area 191,130 square mdes. Population, 2,540,000^ ?he ™)Z^tion consists chiefly of Bantu negroes near the coast and Sudan negroes m the i^X T^re were, in mS, 1,871 whites. Principal towns are Duak, population about 22,000; BUea, Victoria, Kribi, Rio del Rey, and Campo. The coast region is very fertUe, and cocoa plantations occupy an "«lf 26^15 acr«; rubber plantations an area of 17,729 acres; kola plantations ai. area of 133 acres, and o,l S^ number 345,820. Ebony and other hard woods are found, and there is a^acUve trade in ivory and palm oil. Cattle rearing is carried on m the mtenor, and gold and iron !;^work^ ExpeLents have been made in the cultivation of spices and tropical products. Commerce. Importe into Kamerua in 1917, $2,080; exports, $1,374. Chief e^PO't*; P^ ^^^ Dels rubber palm oU, ivory, cocoa. Chief imports: textiles, spinte, timber salt, iron wts a.d ^lonial produce In 1912 there entered at the five porta «)4 tradmg v^ Tf 1,733,030 tons. Railway mfleage, 149. There are telegraph and cable connections^ The counVry is now being administered by the authorities of French Equatorial Atnca, and British Nigeria. NIGERIA A colony on the west coast of Africa lying between Kamerun and Dahomey, ^th a coast Une on the Gulf of Guinea. Area approximately 336,000 square miles. PopuUtmn approximately 16.500,000, of whom 2,700 are Europeans. Capital and prmcpal town, Lagos. Commerce For'trade of the United States with Nigeria, see under British West Africa, page 555. Imports and exports of Nigeria 1913-1917: ^^^^^ Year Imports 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 $35,000,840 33.539,209 24.382.381 28,091,413 36.609,092 Exports $25,732,552 5.684.639 27.511.463 29,509,407 42.427.448 i| : i 558 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS PROTECTORATE OF SOUTHWEST AFRICA 559 ' \ The chief imports (1917) were: Cotton piece goods, 110,197,162; spirits, $451518- orsO^fiS^Qp'r"' *'y^\^^2. Chief exports (1917): Palm kernels, '$12,547,oVl; pa'n; ^ 452 f^' h ^''^ Tt"^ ^ V"'"^'' '^^ "'•^' *''''^'^^^' ^°^«^' ^2,425,159; ground nuts ^,452,096; hides and skins, $4,310,751. ' » & "w, Production and Industry The principal products are palm oil, of which in 1917, 74,619 tons were exported; palra kerneU, of which m 1917, 185,998 tons were exported; rubber, ground nuts, rvo^hML hve stock ostnch feathers, cotton (production, 1917, approximately 15,000 baZf,' coco!' rf9^ :^n° .'ir^""^ ri '"'"'°«'^^ '°'^- '^°" '^'^ '-■ ">« l*"*^ "Caching an outpu; of 9,966 tons m 1917, and lead are mined. Coal and silver are being developed The cWe "r *ft'"f " '" ^ ''"*"° ^^^' '"« '»'" "-» -"P™-« abo^9,000 squt miles of territory. Maganese, lignite, and monazite sands are likewise worked r.i I^^ ^^T^^\ P*"^ *" ^*«°«' W"ri, Burutu, Forcados, Port Harcourt, Bonny and t^lr^^H J '" " '"^'^T'^ «"«• •'^'ween Kano and Katsena on ;hich motor transportation ,8 projected. Trade is largely carried on in the northern provinces by caravan f„,mSaiaga in the west, Sahara in the north and Wadaiin the east, Zc^Zi^^ LvfT;^ ! "*. *^^'^*' °' "^""y °P*" """l 550 under construction. There are several thou^d miles of telegraph wire and several hundred mUes of telephone wir^ ^ Ts Vl^^ ""r- -^^ ~""*'^ •"" " '"^"''' ""'" '»""*'' denomina'tions Wng Th^il^' r 1 '. * * ""'''*' ''°"^«^' ""* '^''^ '^'"8 "»« P«->y »"d **■>«> of a penny For"J^rantcSar"l^°'"- ^"^"^ ^ "^ ^""^ "^^ '^"^''^ •-'-- ^-^'. NORTHERN TERRITORIES IsvATf"" °' *^^^ '"''«■■ B"''«'' administration bounded on the west and north by THE PROTECTORATE OF SOUTHWEST AFRICA ( Fonnerly German Southwest Africa) fh. n^^ P^^ctorate is bounded by Portuguese West Africa (Angola) on the north by the Orange River and Cape Province on the south. Area about 322,200 squarmte Population m 1913, estimated white, 14,830; native, 78,810. Principal indl^t^^TlTv^^rk 4^^ .K ^'\'^^'^^'' ^^'^^ ^'"^ ^^ ^^"1^' 472.580 sheep, 31,500 Zgo a goa^ 485,400 other goats, 15,900 horses, 13,600 mules and asses, 7,700 swine. ^ ' U^^ States statistics of foreign commerce until 1920 included trade with the Pro- Tp:^e ^9 '""' ^"" ^^ '"^^ "^^' ^^'"^^^ ^^"^- ^- ^»^« valueTf thL tr!^ expor^T7'^^t ^'^tTp ^'' '''^^^^*^* ^^^^^^^^ fi^-«). «»^ow imports, $10,552,177, ^rts, $17,083,585. The pnncipal exports in 1913 were diamonds, $14,316,320 copner $48,609; copper ore, $1,868,349; tin, $167,670; lead, $84,043; other ores $14 375-^0^' hides, and skms, $152,676; ostrich feathe,., $30,151 ; wool, ^33,116; cattleTnd meS^^^^^ In 1913, ther« were 1,330 farms of 33,484,015 acres, of which only 13,000 acres were cultivated, the chief products being maize, potatoes, and pumpkins. Diamonds, gold, tin, copper, lead, iron, wolfram, coal and marble are known to exist. Since the British occupation the production of diamonds has been as follows: 1915, 13 409 karats, valued at $165,400; 1916, 144,920 carats, valued at $1,595,168; 1917 3^.761 r^rats valued at $4,054,766. The total raUway mileage of the protectorate is 1,422, of which'ninety-eight mUes are private. The principal t«wns are Swakopmund, population, wWte 1 463, colored, 2,076; Karibib, population. whit«, about 400, colored 5,628; Omaruru, nopulktion white, about 400, colored, 6,907; Walvis Bay, population white, 144. colored, ^6- Grootfontein, population white, 988, colored, 11,409; Windhuk, population white, 2,050, colored, 6,000; Luderitzbucht, population white, 1,616, colored, 3,268. ST. HELENA An island on the South Atlantic 1,200 miles from the west coast of Africa and a pos- session of Great Britain. Area, forty-seven square mUes. Population, 1911, 3,477. For trade of the United States with St. Helena, see under British West Africa, page 555. Imports and exports for five years, including specie: Principal town, Jamestown. The government encourages the cultivation of flax, the acreage being 730. There are one government and three private flax mills, employmg 197 persons. Production of the miUs in 1917 was 601 t«ns of fiber, and 259 tons of tow. There is telephone and cable service on the island. CommerciaUy it is ummportant. SIERRA LEONE A British colony on the west coast of Africa lying between French Guinea on the north, and the RepubUc of Liberia on the east and southeast. Sierra Leone proper consists of a peninsula with an area of about 300 square miles terminating m Cape Sierra Leone. The colony extends from the Scareies River on the north, to the border of Liberia on the south, a distance of 180 miles. The area of the colony is about 4,000 square miles. Population, 1911, 75,572, of whom 702 were white. Principal town, Freetown. Population, 1911, 34,090. For trade of the United States with Sierra Leone, see under British West Africa, page 555. Imports from United Kingdom in 1917, $48,600,000; exports thereto, $4,466,340. Length of railways, 400 miles. There are 536 miles of combined telegraph and tele- If-ll 560 lit!, I EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS phone line and forty-three post offices. Currency as in Nigeria. The French S-franc piece IS legal tender at the rate of 3s. 10>id. Goods can be sent to Sierra Leone via England at the regular 12 cent fate plus extra transit charges. ^ THE PROTECTORATE anH Tl P'°*^'*^'f*t,°^ f^^^ I^^e has an area of approximately 27,000 square miles and Hardware. The chief exports are palm kernels, kola nuts and pahn oU. TOGO A former Gemian colony on the west coast of Africa lymg between Gold Coast Colonv ^^.t TC ^"^"""^7 °" ^^^ '^*- ^^*°^ T^«^^i*^ Li**'« PoPoand Porto beguro 33,700 square miles, with an estimated colored population of 1,031,978, and an estimated white population of 110. The principal towns are Lome, the ody ^ort and former capital and Anecho on the coast. The southern part of Togo is populated prin- cipaUy by natives of Bantu, and the northern part by descendants of Hamitic tribes There are thirty languages in use in the southern part and sixteen in the northern. Commerce Imports and exports for four years. Year Imports Exports Year Imports 1912. 1913. $2,776,960 2,583.333 Exports 12,420,012 2,220,291 1916. 1917. $1,582,095 1.680.908 $1,394,397 2.302,541 on. .r' principal imports m 1913 were machinery, rice, sugar. Principal exports were cocoa, palm kernels, palm oil, cotton and rubber. Production and Lidustry in.I„3!'!-f"T'''*' P;?^"'"« "1 •»"'' y™' '=«««»'''. plantains, ground nuts; forest producU mclude oU palms, rubber, and dye woods. The principal commerce carried on is the barter of p^ oil, palm kernels cocoa, rubber and copra with the European factories. There is some breeding of live stock, and the native industries include weaving, pottery work wood- cu tmg, and m the Sokode and Misah6he districts the smelting of ^n.ToWra'^y m leage .3 204 m. es. There are thirteen post and telegraph stations and four sub^^ta il^ TRISTAN DA CUNHA A small group of islands in the South Atlantic between the Cape of Good Hope and South Amenca, with a total population of 105. The islands are a British posseLTon EGYPT 561 EGYPT An extensive country in northeastern Africa having coast lines on the Mediterranean nnHRedSeas. It is a protectorate of Great Britam. Its estimated area, exclusive of the Mglo-Egyptian Sudan, is about equal to that of the combined states of Texas Louisiana and Mississippi. Of this total area, however, the only productive region is but a httle larger than the area of the combined states of New Jersey and Delaware. The principal cities are Alexandria, which is about as large as W^hmgt^n, D. C. Cairo, the capital, which is about as large as Boston, Mass., and Port Said, which owes its importance to the Suez Canal. The chief industry of Egypt is agriculture, the principal products bemg cotton, cereals, rice and vegetables. Irrigation is conducted on a large scale. The city of Alexandria is the prmcipal port for the eastern Mediterranean and the largest distributing point for the trade of the Levant. Area and Population The area of Egypt, excluding the Sudan, is about 350,000 square miles. The populated and cultivated area, restricted to the Nile VaUey and delta, comprise about 12,000 square miles The total population of the country, according to the provisional figures of the census taken in 1917, is 12,710,120. Of this number 6,086,670 inhabit t^^ «« P/^™?^ comprising Lower Egypt, which have a t^tal area of 7,600 square miles; 5,149,473 inhabit the eight provinces comprising Upper Egypt, with a total area of 4,293 square miles. The population of the principal cities and towns, that of Cairo, Alexandria, Daimetta, Port Said, including IsmaUia, and the Suez not included in the foregoing totals for Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt, is as follows: Cairo, 790,939; Alexandria, 444,617; Port Said Sding Ismailia), 91,090; Suez, 30,996; I^--i«**^'J,0'^|,^V^.'^^^^/^'l^f;,^^^^^^ 49 238- Zaeazig 41.741; Damanhfir, 40,000; Benha, 18,607; Shibm el-Kom, 2,5414, Asjnit, 4l5; Wn 11,293; Beni Su^f, 31,986; Faiyto, 44,400; Sohag, 22,000; Giza, 18,714; Qena, 23,357; Minya, 35,000. Of every 1 000 of the population, 946 are Uliterate. The census of 1917 returned the population according to religion as follows: Moslems, 10,269,445; Copts, 706,322; Jews, 38,635; others, 175,576. Commerce Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Egypt for eleven years: Year ended June 30 Exports Domestic Foreign Total Imports Free Dutiable Total Per cent free Excess of exports (*) or imports (-) 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 $1,287,593 978.747 2,112,043 1,748,394 1,655,824 1.929,772 2,849,591 7,746,979 11,924,543 3.149,994 $6,214 4,098 2,553 2,809 5,009 244 30,650 17,374 8.623 $1,293,807 982,845 2,114,596 1,751,203 1,660,833 1,930,016 2,879,241 7,764,353 11,933.166 3,149,994 10.293,189 $11,077,477 11,983,681 21,337,586 17,074,089 19,772,834 12,919,919 16,933,201 32,696,365 29,271,749 20,741,958 $123,364 192,427 337,067 290,025 134,994 391,314 438,791 558,578 456,696 166,000 $11,200,841 12,176,108 21,674,653 17,364,114 19,907,828 13,311,233 17,371,992 33.254,943 29,728,445 20.907,958 23.934.571 98.90 98.42 98.44 98.33 99.33 97.06 97.47 98.32 98.46 99.21 $- 9,907.034 -11.193.263 -19.560.057 -15,612,911 -18,246;995 -11,381,217 -14.492,751 -25.490..590 -17,795,279 -17,757.964 -13.&4 1,382 III 562 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Foreign trade for five years: Year Merchan'dibe © Imports Exports Spccib Imports Exports 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. $107,102,307 95,291,935 152.272.357 163,553,435 252,195,658 $118,772,554 113.341.078 184.686,491 202.528.817 223,674.198 $8,776,602 3,558.005 6,754.800 6,110,976 3,012,274 Note: ©Excluding re-exporta ($1,867,148 in 1918) and transit trade ($70,557,878 in 1918). Imports and exports by principal countries of origin and destination: $31.396,6<»0 654,008 656,454 218,399 27,115 Countries Imports from 1917 1918 Exports to 1917 1918 Great Britain British Colonies in the Mediterranean India and Aden Australasia United States China Japan France Greece Italy '.'.'.'.'.'.','.'.'.'. Switzerland Spain $69,656,196 1.583,067 15,832,996 7.149,814 5,213,401 2,680,125 3.298.727 4,761,645 13.800.064 10.760.617 1.269,355 861.690 $133,492,740 1,404,423 20,185.101 12,174,939 2,422,202 6,163,693 12,492.462 9,045,509 10,701,393 11,901.365 1,822.887 1,555,493 $120,509,792 1.656.381 2,218,900 236,147 24.984.332 74.246 7,010,460 12.684.795 4.417.097 12.229,358 4.592.900 2.094,194 $150,573,505 2,152,452 1.587.085 277.248 21,131,547 78,071 4,769,583 10,171.659 4,297.071 11,884,415 4,496,145 5,049.163 Principal imports and exports for three years: Merchandise Imports 1916 1917 1918 Animals and animal food products Hides, skins and leather goods. Other animal products . . Cereals, vegetables Colonial produce Spirits, oils, etc Rags, paper, books Wood and coal Stone, earthenware and glass Coloring materials Chemicals, perfumes, etc. Textiles and yarns ® . . . , Metals and manufactures Miscellaneous Tobacco Exports 1916 1917 Total $10,667,864 1.487.671 442,956 7,195,783 6,990.325 14,006,494 3,730,886 28,449,812 3,229,962 2,416,794 6,181,624 47,446,901 7,275,274 9,532,904 4,016,347 $153,071,597 $8,201,730 1,486,035 518.680 7,619.014 7,246.533 15,720,611 2,7a5,327 17.694,839 1,767.601 2,106,667 7,918.058 56,792.462 7,735,574 10,051,883 14,989,374 1918 $162,554,388 $11,305,890 2,472,168 668,133 6,714,285 10,405,445 23,354,105 8,177,257 26,699.248 3,601.305 2,859,518 9, 270, .534 109,398,400 14,093,765 7,887,018 15,287,579 $3,379,283 2,064,205 207,.587 22.022,827 3.352.809 1.468,701 178,308 79,106 2,627 107.695 538,296 148,385,363 972,373 634,002 1.293,301 $252,194,650 $187,686,483 $2,381,847 3,787,299 187,330 17,440,089 6,669,013 953,604 301,686 171,160 1,848 79,003 1.152,259 166,147,049 562,024 622.979 2,000,421 $202,457,611 $1,853,305 3,068,146 197,471 16.826.652 6.146,373 1,111,390 362,685 251,193 11,871 34,988 925,903 188,808,203 349,862 114,597 3.609.524 $223,672,163 at $147,981,452; in 1917. 807.659 bales of 50oTbs. each.%LVed at iKuOlVii i9?8.^|l87!5'o9.92t'^ EGYPT 563 Production and Industry The estimated cultivatible area of Egypt in 1918 was 8,233,603 acres; of this amount only 5,386,641 acres were under cultivation. The following table shows the number of land holders and the sizes of holdings: Sise of holdings Acres Foreigners Acres Proprietors Natives Acres Proprietors Total Acres Proprietors Uptol.15...... •• From 1.15 to 5.15. . From 5.15 to 10.30.. From 10.30 to 20.60 From 20.60 to 30.90 From 30.90 to 51,50. Over 51.50 Total 1,211 5,827 6,407 10,955 9,499 17,924 641,472 693,295 2,070 2.171 838 738 373 435 1.617 8.342 458.327 1.050.934 536.210 514,441 272,258 333,093 1,750,722 4,916.185 1,044,371 476,910 75,107 36,337 10.845 8,341 10,892 1.662.863 459.538 1.056,761 542.617 525,396 281,757 351,017 2,392,394 5,609,480 1.046.441 479.081 75.945 37,075 11.218 8,776 12,509 1,671,045 The use of perennial irrigation by a canal system in Lower Egj^t and the provmce of Favum in Upper Egypt enables three crops to be grown. In this district cotton, rice, ma^e, barley, wheat and clover are grown. In those districts of Upper Egypt, where Son is confined to the natural flooding of the fields by the rising of the Nife, which occurs from the end of June to September, the principal crops are vegetables and cereals Planted in November and harvested in May and June. Summer crops, cotton, sugar and rice are planted in March and harvested in October and November. Autumn croi«, nee, com, millet and vegetables are planted in July and harvested in September and October. The acreage and production of principal crops in 1917 were as follows: Cotton 1727,310 acres, 6,308,000 cantars, which is equal to 624,807,400 pounds or 1^49,614 bales of 500 pounds each. Wheat, 1,116,459 acres, 811,969 tons; barley, 444,790 acres. 296.070 tons; maize, 1,734,637 acres; millet, 277,137 acres; rice, 266.449 acres; sugar (exporte) 25,989 tons. ^^^^ ^^^ Yeariy return of shipping and tonnage that passed through the Suez Canal during the five years, 1913 to 1917, inclusive. ^— -— =^===== Year Number of ■V^essels Gross Tonnage Net Tonnage Rate of Transit dues p>er Ton Transit receipts Mean Net Tonnage per Vessel 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 5,085 4,802 3,708 3,110 2,353 27.737.180 26,866.340 21.027.457 16,894.288 11,414.482 20.033.180 19,409,495 15,266,155 12,325.347 8,368,918 1.21 1.21 1.21 (b) (0 $24,443,630 23,594,029 19,049,865 15,606,444 12,380,535 3,940 4,042 4,117 3,963 3,557 Note (b) January to March. $1.21; Apr. 1 to Oct 4 $1.30; Oct. 5 to Dec. 31. $1.40. (c) First semester, $1.50; second semester. $1.04. Net tonnage of vessels of various nationalities passing through the canal during the years 1912-1917: _________ Austria Hungary France Germany Italy United Kingdom Japan Various Total Tons 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 846,000 632,000 928,000 800,000 666.000 774.000 579,000 3,352.000 2,119,000 291,000 369,000 363.000 4.39,000 778,000 12.052.000 12.910,000 11.6.56.000 9,788,000 6,164,000 344,000 354,000 566,000 70,000 155,000 2,221,000 2,225,000 2,015,000 1,254,000 693,000 20,034,000 19,409.000 15.266.000 12,325.000 8.369,000 564 iifl! EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Railways : Total mileage, 1918, 2,875, of which 2,078 is under control of the state, and 797 consist of hght railways owned by agricultural interests. In addition there is a military raUwav m the Sudan extending to Khartoum, 375 miles long. Telegraphs, Telephones, Post OflBces: Total mileage of telegraph and telephone systems, 1918, 6,336: of wire. 20.692 Poat offices number 2,070. i i • irosi Money : The unit of currency is the gold pound of 100 piastres, with a par value of %i 93 United States currency and signified by the sign £ E. The coins are: gold, the pound and half pound; silver, 20, 10, 5 and 2 piastres; nickel, 1, H, 1^, l-io piastre; bronre, 1-20 piastre Bank notes of vanous denomination are issued by the National Bank, and during the war were inconvertible. Weights and Measures : The Okieh equals 1.320 ounce; the Rotl equals .9905 pound; the Oke equals 2 75 pounds; the Cantar equals 99.05 pounds = 100 rotls or 36 okes. The ardeb equals 43 55 gallons, or 5.44 bushels. The f eddan (land measure unit), equals 1 .03 acres - 7,468. 14 square pics. The square pic equals 6.06 square feet. Language: Enghsh and French are used in foreign trade. Arabic is the language of the country. Local Advertising Media: In Alexandria and Cairo there are dailies published in French, English. Arabic and Greek. Shipping Routes: Fumess-Prince Line. American-Mediterranean-Levant Line. American and Indian Line. Independent S. S. Corp. Customs Tariff: Duty on all commodities, with certain exceptions, is levied at the rate of 8 per cent ad valorem. Exceptions are coal, liquid fuel, charcoal, firewood and petroleum, cows oxen, sheep and goats, either alive or frozen, on which a 4 per cent, ad valorem duty is' levied; and alcoholic drinks, extracts and perfumes, on which a 10 per cent, ad valorem duty is levied. Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required. Cable Rates: Alexandria and First Region, $0.50 per word; Second Region, $0.52; Third Region $0.58, from New York or New England states. ' Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Alexandria, via Brindisi, thirteen days. Cairo, via Brindisi, thirteen days. EGYPT 565 ^'^''trvice extends to Egypt under conditions applicable to parcels for Great Bntam. T mitof weight, 11 pounds. Delivery charges are coUected as follows: One pound to three ^und^ 24 cente; four pomids to seven pounds, 42 cente; eight pounds to eleven pounds, Teeni Contents and value must be stated in the customs declaration. Parcek for the S^dan must be packed in wood, tin, canvas or linen and be securely sealed with wax or lead. Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued^ ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan extends southwest from the frontier of Egypt to Uganda and the Bel^an Congo, and extends westward from the Red Sea to Wadai in Central ^rica The area is esthnated at 1,014,400 square miles, and the population at 3,400,00). Th principal towns are Khartoum, the capital, population 1917, 16,325; Omdurman the former Dervish capital, population 1917, 84,033; Khartoum North, population 1917. 10 828: Haifa, Merowe, El Damer, Port Sudan and Atbara. ' Commerce United States statistics of foreign commerce include trade with the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in trade with Egypt. See page 561. Imports and exports for six years: Year ImpobtsCD Exports© Year Imports© Exports © 1912 1913 1914 $9,699,624 10,399,716 9,325,065 $6,769,476 5,842,965 5,029.881 1916, 1916, 1917 $8,401,952 13,121,037 15,293,436 $7,779,459 11,281.826 17.208,458 © Excluding re-exports, which were $1,119,662 in 1916, and Imp^rte and exports by major countries of origin and destination: Note: ® Including government stores $1,176,376 in 1917 Articles Imports® 1916 1917 Exports 1916 1917 Egypt United Kingdom. Italy India and Aden . France United States • . . Abyssinia Arabia . $2,918,801 5,287,375 196,435 2.345.496 74,600 119,024 375,912 143,246 $3,901,261 5,868.494 2,775,313 363,163 131.655 34,155 565,278 93,689 $5,153,082 3,203,647 47.194 02,438 940,264 313,676 36,960 753,402 $12,766,437 3.488,645 102.894 88,813 37.714 167.515 81,058 235.565 Wote: © Goods imported via Egypt are credited to the country of consignment. Imports and exports by classification of goods: Articles Imports 1916 1917 Articles t Exports 1916 1917 Cotton fabrics I $3,231,965 Sugar, refined 1.627,639 Wheat flour. Coffee Tea Machinery.... Coal Timber Soap Iron and steel. Tobacco 446,160 571,574 253,278 382.380 1,438,835 61,595 157,725 195,430 368,980 $3,844,330 2,019,106 329,466 728,072 370,573 246,608 1.570,648 32,059 208,179 296.189 335.816 Gum Ivory Sesame Cotton, ginned Cotton seeds Dates Dura (millet) Cattle Sheep and goats • • Hides and skins (untanned) Gold $2,889,482 346,253 854,566 326,628 192,792 215,406 1,725.766 513.636 366,570 551,395 314,972 $3,669,620 282.247 997.348 2.782.013 226.178 267.585 3.252.069 1.261.019 1.156.035 918,429 332.937 l*HI- * 1 566 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS FRENCH WEST AFRICA 567 t ! Ill Production and Industry. The principal products of the Sudan are gum arabic and ivory, of which it is the chief source of the worid's supply. Other important products are cotton, ostrich feathers palm nuts, which produce a specie of vegetable ivory used in the manufacture of buttons' dates, sesame, senna leaves, hides, skins, and gold. In the southern districts, rubber and dura, the principal grain crop, which is a species of millet, are produced. The area under cultivation in 1916 was estimated at 3,178,750 acres. Egyptian cotton is cultivated on the Nile and in the Tokar district of the Red Sea Province, and is being cultivated experimentally in the Gezira country, between the Blue and White Niles. The cattle trade is prosperous, and live stock is increasing. The forests, especially those of the White Nile, are rich in ebony, gum fiber, and rubber. Gold mines are located at Um Nabardi and Gabait. Railways : Total length of line approximately 1,500 miles. There is extensive passenger service on the various arms of the NUe and its tributaries, between Assouan in Egypt and Rejaf . Telegraphs: There are 4,687 miles of open line, and 6,836 miles of wire. Post Offices: There are 80 stationary and 12 travelling post and telegraph offices. FRENCH AFRICA FRENCH WEST AFRICA French West Africa comprises (1) Senegal, (2) French Guinea, (3) The Ivory Coast (4) Dahomey, (5) Upper Senegal and Niger, (French Sudan), (6) Military territory of the Niger, and Territory of Mauritania. Over all of this territory there is a Governor General, assisted by a councU. The seat of the government is at Dakar. Each colony is under a lieutenant governor subject to the Governor General. I III c I I I I^f 568 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Area and Poptilation Approximate area and population of French West Africa: Colonies Area in Sq. Miles North African Races French Foreign African Races French Foreign Senegal Guinea [[[] Ivory Coast Dahomey Upper Senegal and Niger. .. . . Military territory of the Niger Mauritania Total 74,000 93,000 125,000 39,000 568,000 502,000 344,000 1,745,000 Total 4,229 1,082 716 646 84 617 1.134 79 118 45 163 1 8,020 894 8,914 1,239.503 1,808,893 1,528,535 910,902 5,597,580 850,000 256.000 3,601 2,520 212 214 15 12,191,413 0,562 1,247.979 1,812.579 1.529.351 911,749 5.598,973 850.094 256.164 12,197,975 12,206,889 Commerce United States statistics of foreign commerce include in statistics of trade with French Africa trade with Algeria, Tunis, Senegal, Upper Senegal and Niger, French Somaliland French Guinea, the Ivory Coast, French Congo, Dahomey, Reunion, Mayotte and the Comoro Islands. Eleven year table of the total foreign trade of the United States with French Africa: Year Ended Jiine 30 Exports Domestic Foreign Total 1909. 1910. 1911., 1912., 1913.. 1914.. 1915.. 1916.. 1917.. 1918.. 1919.. Imports Free Dutiable Total $1,606,792 1,273,432 1.460,152 2,143,937 4.139,130 2.754,026 2.488,696 2,371,379 2,935.403 2.079,066 12.291 1.961 803 6.885 3.382 202 1.508 4.985 755 23.377 . $1,609,083 1,275.393 1,460.955 2,150.822 4,142.512 2,754,288 2,490,204 2,376,364 2,936,158 2,102.443 7,895.308 Per Cent. Free Excess of Exports (*) or Imports (-) $419,327 448,807 401,535 492,253 589,702 680,448 359,117 1,406,777 798,753 514.164 $130,186 278,163 271,316 195,052 143,157 164,360 293,136 604,445 519.404 385,669 $549,513 726.970 672,851 687,305 732,859 844,808 652,253 2.011.222 1.318,157 899,833 1.138.922 76.31 61.74 59.68 71.62 80.47 80.54 55.06 69.95 60.59 57.14 Imports and exports for each of the colonies during 1916 and 1917: +$1,059,570 +548,423 +788,104 +1,463,517 +3,409,653 +1.909,420 +1,837,951 +365,142 +1,618,001 +1,202,616 +6,746,386 Colonies Imports 1916 1917 Exports 1916 1917 Senegal Upper Senegal and Niger! . . French Guinea Ivory Coast Dahomey Military Territory of the Niger, Total. $22,535,805 938,558 3.896,236 2,228,521 3,3.56,0.'^.') 326,250 $33,281,411 $23,814,126 924,615 4.159,100 2.491,357 2.991.048 244.025 $34,624,271 $15,875,081 301.320 3,134.414 1,803,401 3.444.047 303,337 $25,061,600 $25,522,834 546,089 3,678,281 2,083,219 2,721,872 299,998 $34,852,293 The chief imports into West Africa are textiles, mechanical instruments, food sub- stances and bevera^ The exports are, oils, oU seeds, fruits, cotton, cocoa, rubber and r 1 ni°. 1 V'^^^ ""^^ °^ ^'^^^'^^ ^""^ ^""^"^^ *^« Po^ of French West Africa, m 1916 the distribution of post offices was as foUows: Upper Senegal, 73; Senegal, 59: /.r*--;-^^^^^^^ ^^ total area is estimated at 669,000 equare miles, population at 9,000,000 iNegro r*^^- . M^ fKo PaKnn Colonv (2) The Middle Congo Colony; (3) the Ubangi- ;j'cJ^:rr^.^: SX^76^L.r^^^'^- The last two .a^ed div.ions ^"■"t^: S;^'^''LS^eSapita. of the Gabun Colony; Bra..aviUe, ^at of the "e chief wealth of the colony is in the products of its forests, and ivory. Among the '"''^::^:^T^:^rn 'jSh L^Zr Bra.avU.e with Loango and . in co.- r?H:^so-t£=^:t:J:5-^^^^^^ r r avUle and I^..d^.e^^n the Chad re,on .e^^ -=lCrX":rtt Zg:l'dT^th'^;'trrnn:"ct B^gui with Fort Un.y ; total length of the Une in opera- "°" Ka'rl^ ^rtheast of Lake Chad, and Wadai, east of Kanem both came under F«nch ,ro^Z2 i^Tm The latter h;s an area of 170,000 square miles and a sem...vdued "^'t^s IT^^^to theF^nch Congo by parcel post via France, at the regular 12 ""* pf t?id": :f r U^^tr with French Equatorial Africa, see under French West Africa, page 568. I FRENCH SOMAIILAND French Somaliland is situated on the east coast of Africa, on the ^"^ at the entrance to the Red Sea, and lies ^et-een British Somamanda^ tj^ It^ Colony of Eritrea. Its area is 5,790 square miles and the P«Pf t^nirnTlS m principal town and chief port is Djibuti, on the gul of Aden, Ti'^'^VP^P'^''* °° "^^^d The principal industries of the protectorate are salt m.mng, the '^'^J^'^^^, the t^tle and mother of pearl fisheries on the coast. The ~°"»f '"'J^^^^ M ^^ land is considerable, due to the fact that the majority of the .mports and e^rU of Aby^ sinia pass through the port of Djibuti, which likewise has an "^^ *^^'*^ ^^ The principal exporU are coffee, hides, wax, ivory, and c.vet, al '»™"8 ♦^"^"^^ sinia The principal imports are cotton and other textiles, coal, beverages, cereals, and tobacco. i. J • miT There are salt mines in SomaUland from which 13,158 tons were exported m 1917. 1 l! !! i 576 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS page For trade of the United States with French Somaliland, see under French West Africa. Imports by articles for 1915 and 1916: Articles 1915 1916 Articles Horses Mules Meats, preserved , Goat skins Honey Butter Barley Flour Biscuits Rice Vegetables Potatoes Dourah Oil seeds Dates Sugar Coffee Tobacco , 1915 Medicines Oil Onions Wines Liquors Cement Coal ; ; Steel, iron, galvanised . Wire Iron Copper wire Antimony Sea salt Nitrate of soda Naphthaline , Chemicals Perfumes S193 530 1,257 52.798 669 51.705 4.549 33,097 1,461 43,628 7,881 1,830 87,685 2,282 29,320 54,940 166,287 38,314 9,721 7,778 464 3,727 21,526 12.443 594 379.293 18.942 11 146 566 697 6,5r,8 2,070 38.362 $4,863 2.702 61,365 69,538 3,853 88.546 6.779 89,395 7,198 118,977 28,334 10.182 102,565 4,839 54,977 135,447 288,518 92,868 22.060 21.111 3,012 6,674 42,842 18.336 5,729 1,644,872 23,098 6.195 2.354 11,631 2,669 2,703 5,303 29,191 7,182 9,552 Soap Candles ,[ Crockery Glasses ' * Glassware Cotton thread, undyed. Jute fabrics Sacks, empty Cotton cloth Cotton cloth, dyed Hosiery Cotton trimmings. . . , Silks ; Linens Covers Velvets Men's clothes Paper and cardboard . . . Prepared hides Shoes Leather articles Locomotives Hides Butter Wheat [[ Olive oil Other oil Gums, Arabic , Wines Absinthe and liquors . . . Alcohol Petroleum Cotton thread Cotton fabrics '. All other articles $565 5,343 4,343 124 5,037 12,329 38 56,515 1,641,295 170,211 4.733 1.035 11.553 314 125 13.341 2.919 6,534 17.786 4.641 190 "'15.088' 3,311 3,700 13,211 6,238 11,388 7.018 7,529 2.904 38,398 162,209 683.834 27.982 Table of imports by countries of origin for two years: Coimtries 1915 1916 Countries 1915 France French colonies. England English colonies. Italy Egypt Arabia China $270,363 8.536 777.611 3,294,345 47.165 14.742 13.183 $589,802 56.683 1.325.997 4.418,641 19,449 59,922 145,793 27,475 Japan Portuguese colonies . United States Abyssinia Other countries Totals $1,584 5l',36i 87,676 85,991 $4,652,497 Classification of exports for two years: Exports Transit Re-exportation 1915. 1916. $32,500 51,121 $7,138,672 7.494,391 $741,063 2,418,141 1916 $3,099 10,233 6,705 2,729 7,358 44.243 2,798 63,424 2,325,180 449,080 13,129 6,388 17,002 8,121 7,040 19,045 7,392 15,057 22,370 17,836 4,224 4,699 18,4f)6 5.640 5.690 22.597 16,848 14,509 16,362 17,030 6.912 58,890 255,147 716.656 88.714 1916 $206,080 363,588 185,118 174,543 $7,573,091 Total $7,912,235 9,963,653 FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRICA 577 Table of exports by articles and countries of destination: Articles France French Colonies England English Colonies Italy Italian Colonies Horses Cattle.. ..•••• Sheep and goats Fresh meat Hides: Cows Sheep Other Feathers Wax Butter Civet , , Elephants' tusks. . . Wheat Vegetables, dry. . . . Pot atoes Coffee Rubber Plants of dye Gold nuggets $579 144 228,807 30,118 880 149,692 ■ ■*V,264' 4,128 658,389 $3,242 1.444 720 1 719' 82.634 7,215 154 154 17,623' 41,916 $153 39 628 40 857,629 554,757 10,067 746 94,634 43,870 38,075 112,574 469 10,307 2,431 804,911 3,073 15,639 $3S 8 224,950 8,784 193 9,436 • • ■ • • • • • • • 3,937 • ••••• ' "21* 28 OTHER FRENCH POSSESSIONS IN AFRICA ALGERIA A country and possession of France in northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean, and bounded on the west by Morocco, on the east by Tunis, and on the south by the Sahara. Its area is sUghtly smaller than the combined states of New England New York New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, West Virgmia, Ohio, North and South CaroUna. The principal cities are Algiers, the capital and chief port, Gran, the second largest port, and Constantine, an inland city. The principal industries of Algeria are agriculture and mming. The principal agri- cultural products are wheat, barley, oats, tobacco, cotton, fruits, especially oranges, and vegetables. Grapes and ohves are extensively cultivated. Wine makmg and the pro- duction of oUve oU are Important industries. Large quantities of "vegetable horsehair are made from the leaf of the dwarf pahn, and esparto grass is extensively gathered for subsequent use in the manufaxjture of certain kinds of paper. The fisheries of the sea coast are of some importance. The mineral wealth of Algeria is considerable, and the most important products are iron and zinc, mined chiefly in the department of Constantine; phosphate, worked at Tebessa, Setif, GueUna and Ain Beida; lignite, mined in the department of Algiers, and petroleum, in the department of Oran. Onyx and white and red marble are quamed. Algiers is provided with an extensive system of railways, the most important Une being the trunk raUway which runs from the frontier of Morocco across Algena to the city of Tunis, in Tunis, with branch lines connecting the seaports with the trunk line and with the towns to the south. Several Unes likewise penetrate into the Sahara. ^* lii i \ 578 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS The per capita imports of Algeria in 1918 amounted to 121.46. The per capita ej. ports of Algeria in the same year amounted to $24.75. Area and Population The population of Algeria is 172,397. Other towns, with their population in 1912 are- Oran, 123,086; Constantine, 65,173; Bone, 42,039; Sidibe Abbes, 30,942; Plenician, 39874 Setif, 36,261. The total population of Algeria is 5,563,828. The total area of Algeria i^ 343,500 square miles. Commerce For trade of the United States with Algeria, see under French West Africa, page 568. Totals of imports and exports for 6 years : Year Imports Exports Year Imports Exports 1913 1914 1915 $129,723,120 102.485.040 91.120.140 $97,423,560 72.822,240 104.387,940 1916 1917 1918 $103,785,300 106,920.000 119.351,880 $103,785,300 137,635,200 137.717,820 In 1917, 67.8 per cent of the imports came from France, and 81.3 of the exports went to France. Chief imports and exports for 3 years: Imports Articles 1914 1915 1916 Cottons Woolens Clothing and linen Skins and manufactures of Machinery and parts Other metal worka Furniture and woodwork. . Toys and brushes Paper, etc Coal Sugar Vegetable oil Iron and steel Cofifee $8,748,883 1,109,750 2,781.323 2.921.634 5.767,805 3.877,563 3,600,801 1,168.229 3,320,629 145,715 2,781,286 2,217,763 1.839,290 2,567.865 $11,644,848 $17,209,424 1,521.033 423.512 2.055.450 3,996,644 2,694,859 3,415.135 2,160.635 2.266.399 2,015.885 1.983.2t;s 5,273,146 3.465,920 1,733.526 1.217,251 3.902.653 4,390.943 3,604,298 3,772.764 4,471.231 4.221.682 2,101,577 1.087,555 924.084 1,369.142 2,662,242 2.776.691 Exports Articles 1914 1915 1916 Sheep Hides and skins Wool Wheat Oats Barley Olive oil Cork Wine Phosphates , . . . . Iron ore Zinc ore Fruit Tobacco, cigars . $5,559,558 1,553,457 1,889,866 7,710.157 2,593.727 2,919,511 1,109,750 1,987,707 18,757,863 2,056,222 2,862.190 1.399.636 2,537.371 2,556,671 $8,397,816 1,660,186 3,803,644 6,719.874 2,247.292 1.420.094 1,428,393 952.262 40,071.239 1,083.871 2.243.818 810.407 2.938,232 4,107,755 $6,185,071 1,767,494 2,199,235 4.571,977 4.789.488 6,584.581 2.136,703 1,285.187 60.099.712 1.834,465 2,572,690 1,398,092 3,354,919 4,303,707 ALGERIA 579 Production and Industry Algeria is noted for the fertility of its soil. Over two-thirds of the inhabitants are en- a^d in agricultural pursuits and more than 7,500,000 acres are devoted to the cultivation ofcereals; wheat, barley and oats being the principal crops. The soil everywhere favors the erowth of the vine. Olives and tobacco are cultivated with success. Large quantities nf veeetables are likewise grown, and an imitation horeshair, an exceUent fibre is made ?rom the leaves of dwarf palm. The wine yield for 1918 was 175,088,563 gallons. In 1Q16 432 acres of cotton were sown. , . , „ «^« ^.i There are in Algeria 226,764 horses, 192,484 mules, 279,315 asses, 1,113,952 catUe, 8 528,610 sheep, 3,861,847 goats and 110,012 pigs. ' Over 11 000 square miles of the mountainous country near the coast are covered with various 'species of oak, pine, fir, cedar, ehn, ash, maple and oUve. Cork, carob and fig trees are also very common. c v. a umi There are large fisheries for sardines, allaches, anchovies, sprats, tunny fish and sheU fish. In 1917, 3,480 persons and 913 boats of 3,480 tons were employed m fishing. The total value of the fish catch was $140,037. Shippmg^.^^^^ 1,906 vessels of 1,962,833 tons net entered Algerian ports in French and ^^'^^'on^January 1, 1918, the mercantUe marine of Algiers consisted of 1,322 vessels of 17,486 tons net. There are 3,310 mUes of national roads. Rflilwavs * There are (1917) 2,172 mUes of raQway open for traffic (exclusive of lines on Tunisian territory), 807 miles of which are privately owned. Post Offices: . *, «^o cto In 1917, there were 712 post offices; postal receipts were $l,07d,57J. Telegraph and Telephone: , ^^ , .., -i c There were in 1917 9,151 mUes of telegraph fines in Algena and 25,147 miles of wire, with 786 offices. The receipts were 2,732,307. January 1, 1916, there were 8,010 sub- scribers to telephones. There are 5,568 mUes of urban line and 13,085 miles of mterurban lines. Total receipts were $304,864. «,.,... j ^ ai • Consular representaUves: United States has a consular oflScial stationed at Algiers. Money, weights and measures: French money, weights and measures are used. Language: French is the commercial language of Algeria. Local Advertising Media: ,,. . . ., .- i ^ There are several French daily papers and several publications in the native language. Shipping routes: Fabre Line Independent S.S. Corp. Customs tariff: French tariff prevails. Consular regulations: Same as for France. Cable rates : From New York or New England States, $0.32 per word. Postal rates: Postal Union rates. Mail time : Eleven days. ^""'Ser^'cfextends to Algiers, with fm^ regulations as g^^^^^^^ weight, 11 pounds. Two customs declarations must be attached to each package, rareeis cannot be registered. Money orders: Issued. International reply coupons: Issued. u III i . HI ! 1 580 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS MADAGASCAR 581 THE CAMEROONS (See KameruD, page 657). MADAGASCAR Area and Population Madagascar, the third largest island in the world, situated in the Indian Ocean, has since 1896 been a French colony. Its area is 228,000 square miles, population 3,545,264, of whom 15,157 are French, 2,101 European, 5,272 Hindus, 1,007 Chinese, 631 African and 3,520,096 are Malagasy. A Governor General is at the head of the administration. The Island may be divided into three tnbal territories. (1) Eastern: Antankdrani, in the north; along the coast of the coxmtry of the B^tsimisdrak, and the B^sdnazdno country; and to the south the districts of Taimbahodka, the Taim6ro, the Taifdsy and the Taisdka and to the southeast Tan6sy. (2) Central: the districts of Tsimih^ty and the Sihdnaka; Im^rina, the Hova province; the Betsil6o; the Tanala, the Bara and the emigrant Tanosy. (3) Western: from the north to the southern extremities of the island, the tribe known as the Sakolava, subdivided into smaller tribes, south of these the Maha- faly and the Tandray. The capital of Madagascar is Antananariva (population 63,115). The chief seaport is Tamatane (population 8,647), Mojunga or Mojangd (population 7,205), and Diego- Suarez (population 19,377). On the northwest coast are important ports for foreign trade. Other large towns are Fianarantsoa (population 8,231), Ambositra (population 3,580), Tulcar (population 2,467), Manangary (population 8,927), Marcantsetra (pop- ulation 3,294). Commerce Eleven year table of the total foreign trade of the United States with Madagascar: Year Ended Exports Imports Excess of Exports (+) June 30 Domestic Foreign Total Free Dutiable Total Per Cent. Free or Imports (-) 1909 $16,640 7,731 14,294 36,779 3,804 25,795 57,269 392,290 97,454 149,344 $16,640 7,731 14,294 36.779 3,804 25,795 57,269 395,286 97,454 149,344 539,656 $4,027 2,363 58,496 41,884 41,812 12,939 35,635 55.856 97,245 $351 4,263 3,079 982 $4,378 6,626 61,575 42,866 41,812 13,095 45,733 104,566 186,432 25,298 26,979 91.98 35.66 95.00 97.71 100.00 98.81 77.92 53.42 52.16 *$12.262 1910 +1.105 1911 -47,281 1912. . 1913 -6,0S7 -.38,00*^ 1914 156 10,098 48,710 89,187 25,298 ♦12,700 1915 ♦11,536 1916.. 1917 2,996 ♦29O.720 -88,97S 1918.. 1919.. ♦124,046 ♦512.677 Total value of Madagascar imports and exports for five years: 1913 1914 1915 1915 1917 Imports $9,087,714 10.897,092 $9,206,132 9,206,633 $8,505,456 9,927,249 $19,670,487 16,256.954 $26,399,809 Exports 16,758,825 Imports during two years by classification of articles: Arms and ammumtion .... Bags ^^^ ^^** Beverages Breadstuff 8 : Flour Potatoes Rice Other Cement.. Chemicals Clothing Coal (est.) • Cotton piece goods Household effects Lime hydrated Machinery Matches Dairy products Margarine and greases. . . • • | Ikleats, salted and preserved Medicinal compounds Metals: Cutlery Ironmongery Locks Naib $51,332 986,955 1,051.423 169,792 10.029 6,057 22,729 129,733 161,811 2.180,834 1,045.617 7.810,418 568,503 25.358 418,412 28.624 55,618 19.674 18,063 69.615 12.755 222,714 11,766 74.580 $25,705 543.857 752.943 223.125 2,637 818 25,961 161,133 202,685 9,556,694 1,574,305 5,569,131 1,005,761 24,659 368.837 54,698 50,331 15,962 9,010 54,629 15,553 258,496 10,366 107.887 Screws and hinges Tools Other Other metals oas: Olive •••• .•■ Petroleum and other min- eral Paints and dyes Paper and appliances Shoes Silk goods Soap uncented Sugar Textiles Tobacco, manufactures . . . Toys Wood: Manufactured Unmanufactured Woolen goods Yarns • All other articles Total. $28,995 76,608 917,316 709,605 41.435 156.003 83.847 512,246 130.009 130.535 150.756 164.576 64.971 146.600 39,497 104,538 32,372 368.539 149.202 510,405 $19,670,487 $19,200 85,992 899.797 339.537 48.399 217.794 95.482 663.107 149.734 184,618 158.055 278.275 37.662 159,672 72.445 140,120 2,135 391.274 155,957 1,685,354 $26,399,809 Imports and exports by articles and countries in 1917: Imports France French Colonies England British Colonies United States Other Countries Animal produce and by-products Arms and ammunition Beverages Breadstuff s Chemicals Colonial produce Esparto and wicker wax Fabrics Fish Fruits and seeds Glass and crystal Leather and leather articles^ .. ... •• Marble, stone, earth, and combustible materials Metals: Manufactured Other ;• • Miscellaneous compounds Miscellaneous products products Paints and dyes Paper and appliances ... Pottery •,•.•.•• Vegetable oils and jmces. Wood: Manufactured Other Yams All other articles Total imports and by- $55,501 12,099 474,257 50,654 154,102 109,175 22,442 1.295,196 14,076 7,578 28,367 1,236,534 143,605 1,786,856 275.598 159,308 10,502 85,462 96,313 14,524 82,873 129,814 1,409 124,611 502,408 $462 377 238,031 2,159 41 363,877 1,975 721,500 735 17 323 36,588 280 1,475 198 1.318 220 147 69.008 110 1,516 732 $2,448 10.766 1,812 8,067 3,605 7,218 1 612,215 136 64 2.184 2.940 283,850 116.463 6.258 22,925 209 5,332 6,921 98 49| 718 5 3,849 52,264 $17,069 13,176 28,959 199,200 6,026 26,361 367 1.904,939 4.917 4,483 8,073 20,642| 223,304 157,532 45,423 101.387 3,157 5,930 80,322 13,081 35,435 3,580 33 23,485 114,863 $876 $1,659 177,498 1,097 529 38,921 448 174 9 463 135,074 147,227 10,035 16 2,051 324 1.275,546 53 257 3,365 1,963 185 7,057 1.799 517 4.257 21,162 187 2,447 1,181 926 2,212 41 ^ I t 582 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Exports by articles and countries in 1917: EXPOBTB France French Colonies England British Colonies United States Other Countries Animal produce and by-products .... Animals, live, (chiefly beeves) Beverages . . . $6,377,373 35.452 24.456 285.067 1,273,533 1,887 112.841 79,277 608,828 1.262 25.609 2.689.989 3.374 117.790 544.156 208,493 14,570 17.045 91.671 10.510 1.020 21.623 $327,231 18,369 3,739 341,069 66,035 6,i86 $84,559 88 674 1,216.762 208 22,113 52 $149,625 55,924 4,837 229,832 1,071 4,837 1,804 28,915 13,222 16,997 4.461 2,403 18,353 1,895 628 217 3,501 763 4,607 8,762 $30,977 8,673 Breadstuffs $78,292 16.611 Colonial products 28,931 Dyee and tanning material (chiefly mangrove bark) Esparto and wicker wax 6,631 12.157 Fabrics libers, stems and fruits for manufac- turing purposes 14,939 35 1,762 6,424 23 40.762 1 3 985,468 182 31.925 1 89 2,292 Ksh . Fruits and seeds 226 Marble, stone, earths and combustible minerals 8 Materials for carving 209 Metals: Manufactured Other (chiefly gold) 2,559 187 211 286 16,961 451 8,192 3.622 12.805 66 Miscellaneous compounds Miscellaneous products and by- products Paper and aoDliances ' ■ " 24,i64 6 478 2.309 Vegetable oils and juices Wood: Manufactured Other V.748 At eoo 18 1,028 2,242 All other articles 2,037 ' " " 16,662 2.163 Total $12,545,936 $875,094 $2,410,750 $78,293 $612,857 $113,987 Principal articles of export for two years Articles 1916 1917 Articles Animals, live, beeves. . . Other Bark, mangrove Beeswax Breadstuffs : Corn Manioc-Fecula Flour Raw or dried Manioc. Tapioca Rice Cocoa Cloves Coffee Couindumm Gold dust Graphite , Hides Meat Products: Lard 1916 $121,931 12,168 50,365 485,906 43,172 149,697 88,787 289.884 39,902 1,200.667 39,427 78.903 231.777 88.713 839.718 2,276,225 2,886,300 430,717 1917 $112,767 5,740 39,488 305,274 20,511 138,715 58,377 43,964 73.908 340.674 36.064 33,614 225,726 39,995 533.428 2.417.738 1,682.267 463,677 Meats: Canned Froren, salted, smoked etc Tallow Minerals Oil. fruits and seeds '. Oils, volatile or essential . . . Kaffia: Fiber Rabannax woven fiber. . . Rubber Timber: Ebony Other '.'.'.'.'.'. Vanilla Vegetables, Dried: Lima beans Other All other articles Total. $1,481,304 827.9(M 130.549 658.356 20.662 65.449 501.953 32.833 67,266 29,253 45,769 836,257 473,612 868,416 912,966 $16,306,823 $1,971,074 2,391,245 115,467 1.231.844 27.572 68.965 639.494 10.415 24,601 2,611 47,709 1,075,685 1,465,541 149,008 834,950 $16,628,124 Imports and exports by countries for four years: From Imports 1914 1915 1916 1917 France French colonies . . . United Kingdom. . British possessions Germany $7,287,472 422,912 687,437 397.368 120,921 $4,646,053 968,758 966,065 889,039 3,703 $11,928,607 1,9.32.885 1.709,615 2,909,667 $19,051,938 1,461,630 1.148,733 3,063,447 Continued on page 583 MADAGASCAR 583 = H fabU Continued: To EXPOBT0 1914 1915 1916 1917 France.... . ■. French colonies... United Kingdom . British possessions Germany $6,032,883 396,410 1,012,231 374,657 1.017,902 $9,695,320 618.716 959,189 776.603 $11,941,228 1,130,086 1,934,445 1,183,911 $12,636,942 881,438 2,428.245 617,322 Production and Industry The forests of Madagascar are estimated to cover 30,000 square miles. They contain a large variety of hard wooded and valuable timber trees. There are also many varieties of palms. The most important of the crops is rice; other crops raised are maize, millet, manioc, yams, sweet potatoes, arrow root and various vegetables. Other products are, coffee, sugar cane, indigo, vanilla, tobacco, cotton, hemp, gourds, dye woods, gums, mul- berry and other trees and plants for silk culture, as weU as spices, such as ginger, capsicum, etc. The rearing of cattle and the dressing of hides, the collection of rubber and bee culture are important industries. Madagascar has considerable mineral wealth. Gold is found in the region of the crystalhne rocks in the north, in a strip of country running parallel with the east coast. Silver and platinum have also been found. Iron is abundant. Other minerals found in Madagascar are copper, zinc, lead, nickel, antimony and manganese. The foUowing precious stones are reported; corundum (rubies and sapphires), beryl, topaz zireon, garnet, Amazon stone and tourmaline. Bitumen and petrol have been found, graphite is plenti- ful and sulphur, salt, saltpetre, and lime are also procured. Coal has been found in the valley of Sakameira. Cattle breeding and agriculture are the chief occupations of the people. There were on Dec. 31, 1916, 6,911,947 cattle in the island, 2,930 horses, 308,751 sheep, 199,657 goats, 680 ostriches and 543,585 pigs. Important industries are the weaving of silk and cotton, the working of metal and the making of Panama and other hats. Preparation of sugar, rice, soap, beer, as well as the canning of meat are being undertaken by Europeans. There are meat preserving factories at Boanamary (Majunga) Diego-Suarez, Tamatave, Antananarivo and Antsirabe. The total railway mUeage of Madagascar, June 30th 1918, was 245 mUes. The through raOway line between Antananarivo and Tamatave 229 mUes in length was opened in 1913. A railroad is under construction between Antananarivo and Antsirabe, eleven mUes of which are open. The last named city is noted for its thermal springs. A branch of the Tamatave raUway from Moramanga to Butsihanaka province was opened for traffic 1917, as far as Anosiroa, a distance of 61 miles. At the end of 1915 there were 1,543 miles of macadamized roads. Motor cars are being increasingly used for mail and passenger service. A fortnightly service of motor cars has been established between Antananarivo and Fianarantosa, capital of the southern province (259 miles) and Mananjary on the east coast (328 miles). Wagon roads have been made from Tamatave to Antananarivo, from there to Inaevatanana, and between most of the military posts. 'I frf {■ t 584 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS There is postal communication throughout the island. The telegraph hne had in December 31, 1915, a length of 4,166 miles and 6,083 miles of wire. There were 366,521 telegrams sent in 1918. There is cable communication to Mozambique, Mauritius, Reunion and Aden. In 1915 there were 107 miles of urban telephone line, 1,023 miles of intenirban circuits and three government wireless stations. Language : French is the commercial language of Madagascar. Shipping routes: Union-Clan Line. American & African S. S. Line. Prince Line. Houston Line Customs tariff: French tariff with a few exceptions. Consular regulations: No consular documents are required. Cable rates: From New York or New England states, $0.90 per word. Postal rates: Postal Union rates. Mail time : Via Paris, 29 days. Parcels Post: Goods can be sent by parcel post to Madagascar via France at the regular 12 cent rate plus an extra transit charge. Money orders: Not issued. International reply coupons: Not issued. Consular representatives: United States has a consul at Antananarivo. COMORO ISLANDS Attached to the general government of Madagascar is the Archipelago of the Comoro Islands, comprising Mayotta, Anjouan, Grande Comore, and MoheU. The island of Mayotta has an area of 140 square miles. Its population is approximately 13,500. There is an increasing emigration to Zanzibar and Madagascar. The chief product is vanilla; sugar is also raised. There are two sugar works and two distilleries for rum. Besides vanilla and sugar, cocao, aloes and p)erfume plants are cultivated. Grande Comore, Moheli, Anjouan, and some of the smaller islands have an area of about 650 square miles and a population of 84,117 (1914). Vanilla plants and cocao are cultivated. There is a fine forest in Grande Comore. Timber for building and railway sleepers is exported. Imports are cotton fabrics, metals and rice. Exports are hides, sugar and vanilla. For trade of the United States with the Comoro Islands, see under French West Africa page 568. REUNION Reunion is a French island possession, situated about 400 miles east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. Total area 621,000 acres, population 173,822. St. Denis is the capital and principal town. It has a population of 24,000, and is situated 25 miles from Pointe des Galets, the leading port. Other towns are St. Pierre (population 29,000), St. Paul (population 19,000), St. Louis (population 13,000), St. Andre (population 11,000) and St. Beniot (population 10,000). REUNION 585 Reunion's resources are agricultural. 210,000 acres of the total area are under culti- vatio^ The cS^f "rops are s^r-cane, corn, manioc, coff^, vanilla geramum and other M oU and essence plants. There are 150,000 acres of forest land. There are 20 sugar factories in Reunion, which handle 500,«)0me^"2^^ of cane n«r vear and 8 tapioca and fecula establisments, handhng from 18,000 to 20,000 tons ot rjrknnuaUy which produce from 3,600 to 4,000 tons o^. ^^^ J^ /^^^^^^ ^al production of rum amounts to 1,250,000 gaUons of which 100,000 gaUons are '^'11T977'74 vessels of 156,454 tons entered and 74 vessels of 162,876 t«ns cleared the ports of Reunion. . . oi The Tamatave-Reunion-Mauritius Telegraph Cable is open for traffic. For trade of the United States with Reunion, see under French West Africa, page 568^ Comparison of the values of the principal articles imported and exported m 1916 and 1917: Articles Imported 1916 1917 Articles Exported 1916 1917 Fbur Rioe Coal Cotton piece goods Lard , ,•, Petroleum and gasoUne . . . Boap Wine All other articles Total. $102,485 1,089,802 319,579 690,588 187,529 28,506 179,984 114,901 1,802,260 $88,642 807,689 294,797 635,535 348,659 79,600 74,937 124,197 1.792,297 $4,515,634 $4,246,353 Cofifee Fecula Tapioca Geranium oils . . . Other oils Rum Sugar Tobacco Vanilla • • • All other articles. Total. $13,103 11,441 301,686 383,253 34,726 424,047 4.615,876 121.145 268.871 228,532 $1,828 3.393 10.691 435.119 103.877 426,348 3,417.899 142.421 253.303 374,139 $6,402,680 $5,169,108 TUNIS A territory on the north coast of Africa, bordering on the Mediterranean Sea. Tubis is a i>^ession'of France, and is termed a Regency. Area 64,600 squar. mile. Pop^da- tion,T953,000. Principal city and capital, Tunis; P^P^^^^^.^^^^^fJ^f^^Q. ^^^^ tow;s ;f importance are Sfax, population, 85,000; Sousse, P-P^J^^^^^^^^^"* .'f^^ locate in the Sahel, and centers of trade in oil, soap and ^^^^^'"^'.^^^jJ^Z has an estimated population of 25,000. is a naval base, and is of growing importance as an ore port and coaling station. ^ For trade of the United States with Tunis, see under French West Africa, page 068. Total values of the foreign commerce of Tunis for ten years: Year Imports Exports Total 1908. 1909. 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 $23,744,431 22.088,226 20,360,978 23,484,901 30,164,742 27,841,153 25,570.152 20,698,601 25,911,414 27,414,045 $18,171,916 21,069,054 23,237,409 27,726,537 29,848,451 34,482,075 20.578,266 24,228.578 22,927,425 24,254,712 $41,916,347 43,157.271 43.598,387 51,211,438 60,013,193 62.323,228 46,148.418 44.927,174 48,838,839 51.668,757 t 586 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Values of the most important imports during the years of 1915, 1916 and 1917: Articles > Alcohol Automobiles Basketry Beans and peas, dry . . , Beer Binder twine Blankets: Cotton Woolen Bottles Butter ._ Calcium carbide Candles Caustic soda Cement Cheese Chocolate Clothing, men's Cloths, woolen Coal Briquets Coal tar Coffee Coke Cordages Dynamite (mining) . . . Fish: Canned Dry Fruits: Dried Fresh Glass and glassware . . Household articles. . . . Iron and steel wire. . . , Iron: Bar and structural . Cast In sheets Ore Jewelry Knit Goods: Cotton Woolen Lead: Pigs and bars Ore Leather Lime, hydraulic Linseed oil Liquors, distilled .... Lumber: r ir x^ne ............. . Walnut All other Machinery: Agricultural Other and parts. . . Margarine Matches Meat products Meat , salt Medicines MUk, condensed: Pure Mineral waters Nails, screws, etc. . . . Olive oil Parcels post Paper and cardboard . Peanuts 1915 Value $103,220 57,802 37,579 272,490 75,979 61,615 29.314 8.490 16,686 109,605 17,819 114.406 48,191 69,302 237,135 83,428 139,665 27,256 1,366,603 78.535 42,732 263,324 56,958 51,318 43.618 33,507 47,146 97.635 176,086 60.078 89,622 18,751 75,211 18,280 37.687 27.570 102,759 141.761 88.517 607.578 70.641 20.916 19.343 22,746 ' 12.079 183,362 70,556 364,396 78.399 62.725 114.401 32.001 50.103 26.838 110.633 32.072 69.205 118.738 907.090 310,974 52,166 1916 Value $62,625 111,503 75,568 215,702 95,807 98,073 49,695 31,760 28.228 105.352 69.816 119.098 86.415 59.046 215.530 116.602 480.004 216,590 1,888.762 157,862 130.720 383,546 86,632 94,107 67,067 93,412 45,433 149,486 73,129 95,228 143,184 51,995 35,278 26.953 58.170 94.963 84,017 191.290 9,870 7,390 324.536 539,257 84,199 34,342 63,364 134.960 4.197 43.043 315,253 187,068 425.660 76.342 327,332 60,733 35,535 66.425 47,935 186.970 44.953 88,578 90,039 1,019,114 428.317 61.831 1917 Value $56,438 72,570 67,104 215,375 69,147 142,615 31,058 52,251 36,189 76,490 78,757 124,583 133,137 79,764 189.055 98.144 340.121 205,018 537.047 1,274.864 67,480 621.059 131,787 61.335 63.075 27.232 44,911 155.153 85.673 100.439 149,108 64.459 26.354 4.212 19.123 19,541 181.604 168,456 32,003 2,183 133.739 575,875 26,132 41,412 22,747 196,613 3,486 4,503 119.866 55,163 231,773 102,032 133.363 184,257 25,526 62.260 83.823 290,688 18,179 176,340 27,045 937,285 403,743 3,085 TUNIS 587 fable Continued: Articles 1915 Value 1916 Value 1917 Value Petroleum products: Gasolene. ....•.• Lubricating oils . . Refined Potatoes Rice Shoes SUk: Raw. . . . . . . • Thread, dyed Sodium chlorate and other. Spices Spices prepared Sugars Steel bars Sulphur. . .; Sirups and candies Tea Textiles: Cotton Bleached Dyed Prints Unbleached Jute Jutesacks Linen and hemp Woolen suitings Tinplate Tires, rubber Tobacco: Leaf Manufactured Tubing: Cast iron Iron and steel Twine, ordinary Varnish Wheat Wheat flour Tarn: Cotton V ••.•••,• Wool, pure and mixed . All other articles Total . $22,087 95,236 193,813 236,610 59,251 39,368 172,438 172,438 251,482 19,712 60,341 37,816 1,314,512 59,637 15,774 49,561 106.749 936,066 1,080.260 148,982 323.820 53.442 396.344 37.006 56.542 26.658 12.427 245.102 52.121 11.982 23.492 55.332 28.370 425.742 1.517.960 134.739 73.964 4.615,372 $20,698,601 $179,830 275,318 489,837 327,783 115,928 110.280 220,442 12,974 296,956 57,758 84,724 79,157 1,955,460 61,110 48,647 73,695 196,645 1,529.021 1,898,150 250,264 543,550 106,875 474.621 71,582 108.723 69.082 112.306 517.339 152.752 96.674 127.521 12.336 34.374 63,357 260,398 253,044 124,226 3,562,367 $25,911,414 $144,766 391.123 355,031 403,726 239,659 70,742 283,423 52,656 221,812 45,376 326,493 45,151 1,755,532 45,423 102,367 15,768 258,225 1,715,185 1,978,599 381,932 717.786 241.177 987,058 40,711 109,297 75,931 30,070 193,809 71,979 20,833 74,382 58,826 28,117 386,219 581.963 286,557 203,553 4, 755.859 $27,414,045 v.i..^ ., th. mo«t important exports of Tunis during the yean. 1915. 1916 and 1917: Articles 1915 1916 1917 Animals, live Bread stuffs: Barley Wheat Cork Dates Esparto Hides Oil, Olive Ores: Iron Lead Lead, pig . . . Zinc Phosphates Sp onges Wines All other articles . Continued on page 587 Total. $2,115,903 2,342,096 2,014,897 900,484 40,442 268,211 468,026 542.758 774.502 1.761.854 772.061 493.027 793,056 ■■*4,945.36i' 654,700 383,408 4.987,802 $24,228,578 $843,898 883,355 1,165,670 653,882 184.730 276.766 378.117 253,010 729.668 2,115.106 1,250.132 954.722 2,605,918 251,803 4,593,204 629,083 313,230 4,845,131 $22,927,425 $686,876 285.493 2.109.528 8,175 68,920 155,822 24,745 221,270 578,596 5,568,848 1,567,818 508,397 3,048.893 196.797 2,718,626 296,264 524,018 5,376.076 $24,254,712 I 588 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Value of imports and exports by countries during 1915, 1916 and 1917: Countries Countries Imposts 1015 1916 Algeria Austria (inbound 1914) BraMl British India China Egypt England France French colonies (other than Algeria) Germany (inbound 1914) Greece Italy Japan Malta Morocco Netherlands Norway Paraguay Portugal Russia Spain Sweden Switierland Tripoli Turkey (occupied area) United States All other countries Total $2,639,616 45.190 253.828 179.174 182,682 54,104 3.135,190 9.255,339 70.405 16.395 113.636 2.558.390 6,308 74.119 346.733 41.460 26,581 10.615 28.453 38.476 296.726 39.842 261,068 204.673 26.101 674.199 119.292 $20,698,601 $2,228,130 55,303 367,833 156,247 166,235 227.863 5.682.800 10.583.569 40.237 '41,843 2.728.195 14,872 46,271 47.126 119.977 34.344 42,628 4.125 442,122 309,000 306,417 114,382 34,028 1.576,608 61,274 $25,911,414 Exports 1915 1916 Algeria Biugaria Denmark England Egypt France French colonies. . . , Gibraltar Greece Italv Malta Morocco Netherlands Norway Portugal Serbia Spain Sweden Switzerland Tripoli United States All other oovmtries Total Ship supplies Grand Total. . $611 3 218 3,541 522 12.001 .130 .088 .811 ,104 .233 .207 83 175 4.364 706 70 30 13 257 33 613 20 2 827 34 101 ,897 .002 .411 .592 .628 ,309 ,194 .116 .692 ,746 .895 ,386 ,759 .776 .060 $24,127,933 100.645 $24,228,578 $916,281 349.829 4,118,909 284.238 10,034,853 15.547 ' 1.271,573 3.076,015 484,825 53,060 241,540 5.877 277.273 687.234 42,284 645.334 245,343 13,055 22.808,160 119,265 22,927,425 1917 $2,362,326 616.493 774.576 293.945 1.320,012 6.322.017 10,475.069 275,567 i,i83 2,483.073 5.850 26.064 34.443 78.258 22,160 23.160 2.016 13,445 325,013 87,619 334.754 86.185 1.790 1.373.471 71.684 $27,414,045 1917 $1,432,115 46,884 2,893.368 511,105 15.583.431 583 99i',787 1,719.498 329,582 25.974 24 1.852 59.837 80.894 405 697 357.488 28.695 2.199 $24,066,437 188.275 $24,254,712 Production and Industry Agriculture is the most important industry. There are about 6,424,720 acres of tillable land and about 2,000,000 acres of forest. There are some 540,000 acres of olive groves. TUNIS 589 Yield of the principal crops in 1916 andlglT: Products 1916 1917 Products 1916 1917 Wheat: Hard (tons) Soft (tons) Barley (tons) Oats (tons) ;; • • \- Maiie and sorgo (tons). . Beans (tons) 131.000 19.000 107.000 36,000 3.300 5.800 160,000 30,000 170,000 58,000 9,000 8,000 Chick-peas (tons) . Potatoes (tons) . . . Almonds (tons) . . Dates (tons) Oranges (tons) . . . Olive oil (tons) . . . Wines (gallons) . . 1,800 2,000 1,800 23,200 1,200 65,000 11.885,000 2.000 2,500 2.500 27,300 1.500 15.000 11,300.000 ■"livestock includes 32,960 horaes, 77,051 asses, 15,320 mules, ^J^ ^^L^"^ IO33T73 sheep, 459.630 goats, 111,027 camels and 10,144 pigs. About 2.500.000 acre, are under cultivation by French and Italian colomsts. -^here are important cork forests in the northwest with an area of 351,247 ac^ Wool IT hides are important producte, the normal product of the latter bemgW mS 150,000 sheep skins. 12,000 dozen lambskins and 35,000 dozen goat skms. About 3 748,500 pounds of wool is produced annually. , ^ . . • j ^ • Next to agriculture, mining is the most important of Tunisian industries. Annual nroduction of the 26 mines in operation during two years; Ores 1916 Tons 1917 Tons Ores 1916 Tons 1917 Tons Iron. I^ead Zinc 500,935 63,830 606,000 41,400 15,000 Manganese . Lignite. . . . Phosphate. 2.027 10,620 1,695.295 5.800 32,700 1.000,000 The principal manufacturing industry is soap-making, which is of considerable im- portance. Native industries include spimung, weaving and leather ■"^'f*"*^- The sponge and tunny Bsheries are important. The sponge export to France mi Italy in 19^6-^ amounted to 137,860 pounds valued at »296,264; the norma^tmm^ catch is 25.000, but in 1917 only 4.439 were caught. There were 2.151 boate and 8,039 men engaged in the fisheries in 1917. *^ The length of the railways in 1918 was 910 miles. There are 2,735 mUes of good roads. ''"S:;fre^t'' 1917"^4,201 mUes of telegraph Unes. 52 telegraph offices (the number of messages sent was 144,775,336), and 748 miles of urban telephone hnes. The interurban systems had 2,763 miles of wire. ^°"ln wts'there were 456 post offices. The number of letters sent and received in the domestic service was 41,077,660, and in the foreign service 71,111,196. ^"^1 r^'s^m of weights and measures have almost entirely taken the place of those of Tunis, but grain is still sold in kaffis (16 bushels) and whibas (one bushel). Money: As in France. Consular representatives: , ^^ . i Interests of Tunis in the United States are cared for by the French consuls. Language: The commercial language of Tunis is French. Local Advertising Media: ... .• i „^,«-<» There are several French daUy papers and several pubUcations m the native language. Shipping Routes: Fabre Line. Independent S. S. Corp. 590 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Customs Tariff: The tariflf of Tunis consists of specific duties levied upon the weight of the articles imported, usually gross weight. About 650 articles are enumerated in the tariff list. Consular Regulations: As in France. Cable Rates: Via Havre, or Marseilles, $0.32 per word from New York or New England states. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: About twenty days. Parcels Post: Service extends to Tunis with same conditions as given for France, except that an additional charge of 35 cents is made on delivery of each package. Money Orders: Issued, international Reply Coupons: Issued. LIBERIA 591 ITALIAN AFRICA ERITREA Eritrea, situated on the Red Sea, is an Italian possession; its total area is 45,800 square miles and population 450,000. The chief industry is pearl fishing, the annual value of the pearls and mother-of-pearl produced being $48,250 and $154,400, respectively. Camels, oxen, sheep and goats are raised, the produce consisting of hides, butter and meats, supplying articles of local trade. Gold mines are worked 6 miles from Asmara. In 1916 the value of palm nuts exported was $189,526. In the same year the total imports at the port of Massawah were $4,062,220, exports $2,180,756. A railway 74 miles in length connects Massawah and Asmara. Wireless stations have been opened at Massaua and Assab, being in communication with Italian Somaliland and Italy. United States statistics of foreign commerce include under the general classification of trade with Italian Africa, trade with Eritrea, Somaliland and TripoU. During the calendar year 1919 exports were valued at $352,311, and imports at $495,923. ITALIAN SOMALILAND The Colony and Protectorates of Italian Somaliland, situated on the east coast of Africa, have an area of 139,430 square miles, population 450,000. Cattle raising is the chief occupation of the people. The principal imports are cottons, yam, timber, petroleum, rice and sugar; exports cotton, hides, butter and dura. In 1917 imports were valued at $748,378, exports $1,170,662. There are thirteen wireless telegraph stations, the one located at Magadisho connecting with Italy via Massua (Eritrea). For trade of the United States with Somaliland, see above imder Eritrea. TRIPOLI Tripoli, an Italian possession on the northern coast of Africa, is divided in two dis- tricts known as Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, its area is 406,000 square miles, population 523,176 (1911). The principal coast towns are Tripoli (population 73,000) and Benghazi (population 35,000). Palm, olive, lemon and fruit trees are extensively grown. Sponge fishing is an important industry, amounting annually to $388,800. One of the chief articles of export is ostrich feathers. Exports in 1917 were valued at $934,716, imports at $11,806,- 445. There are 321 miles of railways in operation. Tripoli is connected by cable with Malta and Syracuse. Another cable connects Benghazi with Syracuse, see above. For trade of the United States with Tripoli, see above under Eritrea. LIBERIA A republic on the west coast of Africa extending from the British colony of Sierra Leone on the west, to the French Colony of the Ivory Coast on the east, with about 350 miles of coast line. The country projects inland about 200 miles. The total area is about 40 000 square miles, of which a strip of land about twenty miles broad along parts of the coLt is under the administration of the government. The total population is estimated at 1,500,000 to 2,000,000, aU of whom are Negroes. The republic was originally founded through the efforts of several Amencan coloniza- tion societies for the main purpose of providing a permanent home for freed American slaves. The number of American Liberians is estimated at about 12,000. About 50,000 of the coast population are civiUzed. The language of the country is English. There are about 160 Europeans within the country. The capital and principal town is Monrovia, with an estimated population of about 6,000. Commerce During the calendar year 1919 United States exports to Liberia were valued at $212,966, and imports from Liberia at $172,765. Imports and exports during four years: Year Imports Exports Year Imports Exports 1»11 Sl.154,924 1,194,128 $1,013,849 1,150,491 1913 $902,063 $1,288,915 618,536 1912 Ivll The chief imports are rice, cottons, gin, tobacco, building timber, galvanized roofing iron, ready-made clothing, and dried and preserved fish. The chief exports are rubber, pahn oU (336,407 gaUons in 1917), pahn kernels, piassava fibre (6,911,903 pounds m 1917), cocoa (65,016 pounds in 1917), coffee (761,300 pounds in 1917), ivory, ginger, camwood, and anatto. The trade is chiefly with Great Britain. Production and Industry The resources of the country both as regards agriculture and mining are as yet prac- tically undeveloped and industrial enterprises are negUgible. There are large forests in which lumbering operations have not yet been begun. Coffee is the principal product. Raphia, pahn oil, palm kernels, kola nuts, gum, beeswax, anatto, rice, and tortoise sheU are important products. Cocoa and cotton are produced in smaU quantities. Exports of rubber in 1917 amounted to 69,835 pounds, as compared with 116,712 pounds in 1913. Iron, gold, tin, copper, zinc, monazite sands, lead, Ugnite, and diamonds, have been found at various times. Communications : There are no raQways in Liberia. There is a motor road twenty miles in length, and roads for ox-carts. The Saint Paul River is navigable for about twenty-five miles, four launches providing the service. There is cable connection with Europe and New York and two wireless stations at Monrovia. Money, Weights and Measures: There is a Liberian coinage in silver and copper, but the principal money used is British and American gold and sUver. Accounts are kept in terms of American currency. Weights and measures are those of the United States and Great Britain. The Bank of British West Africa, Ltd., has a branch at Monrovia, and agencies at other places. Parcel Post: Extends to Liberia. i. 592 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS MOROCCO Morocco, a country on the northern coast of Africa, is administered by France and Spain. In April, 1912, a treaty was signed at Fez by which the Sultan formally accepted the French protectorate, and the oflSce of French Resident General was created. The French Resident General is also appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs, and the oflScer in command of the French troops is the Minister of War. The capitals of Morocco are unchanged, Fez, Mequinez, and Rabat. The latter is the seat of the government. The Franco-Spanish treaty of Madrid signed November 27, 1912, established the respective rights of these two nations in Morocco. The Spanish zone is administered under the control of a Spanish High Commissioner by a caUph appointed by the sultan. His headquarters are at Tetuan. By this agreement Tangier and its district became a special international zone, having an area of about 140 square miles. Area and Population Morocco's area is approximately 231,500 square miles. It has been estimated by the French Service des Renseignements (Nov. 1911) that the population of the French zone is 5,400,000, the urban population is put at 525,430 of whom 388,500 are Mussuhnans, 74,900 Jewish natives, 62,030 Europeans, of whom 1,005 are British, 35,780 French, 13,450 Spanish and 8,955 ItaUan. The population consists of Berbers, Tuaregs, Shellah, Beduin and Mued Arabs and a considerable nimiber of Jews and Negroes. The population of the Spanish zone and Tangier, roughly estimated, is 600,000, making an approximate tota 'c V 000,000 for Morocco as a whole. Official estimate of the population of the principal towns: French Zone City Total European City Total European Rabat Sale Kenitra. . . Casablanca Maiagan. . Safi Mogador. . 37.548 20.542 3.250 82,500 21.630 20.240 19.085 9.748 452 1.150 37,500 1.630 740 585 Meknes. . . Fe« Marakesh. Oujda Mulai Idris Waian .... Sefrou .... 36,705 105.855 99.415 18.150 9.000 16.000 9.070 1.265 855 1,415 4.150 70 Spanish Zone City Tetuan . . Arsila... Laraiche Commerce Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Morocco for 3 calendar years. Exports Imports 1917 1918 1919 $403,208 982.089 1.412,224 $179,859 326.202 717.774 MOROCCO 593 Import and export trade of Morocco by countries of origin and destination in 1916 and 1917: Imports Exports Total trade Countries 1916 1917 1916 1917 1916 1917 $20,847,129 13,002,810 20.822 6,401,082 1,215,518 1,857,578 $24,191,596 15.092.141 1.633 9.795,312 1,612,076 1.124.916 $10,861,693 1.461.467 $17,929,004 2.387.006 $31,708,822 14.464.277 20.822 7.586,198 1,450.635 2,421,306 $42,120,600 Great Britain and Gibraltar. 17,479,147 1.633 Germany 1.185,116 235.117 563.728 920.540 274,009 168,585 10,715.852 TTnif aH Rtates 1,886,085 All other countries 1,293,501 Total $43,344,939 $51,817,674 $14,307,121 $21,679,144 $57,652,060 $73,496,818 Trade over the Algerian border (estimated) $9,841,842 $10,495,340 $2,579,831 $2,369,847 $12,421,673 $12,865,187 Orand total $53,186,781 $62,313,014 $16,886,952 $24,048,991 $70,073,733 $86,362,005 1 Imports by articles for 1916 and 1917: Articles 1916 Beds Beer Boots and shoes Barley Biscuits Com Flour Oats Rice Semolina Wheat Bricks Candles Cars and carriages: Automobiles Carriages and wagons. . Cement Clocks Watches Clothing, ready made Coal Coffee Copper Manufactures.miscellaneous Cotton manufactures: Piece goods: Bleached Unbleached Colored Prints Thread Fish, canned Fruit, canned Glaaswmre Grease Hardware and household articles Iron and steel manufac tares: Cutlery Other manxifactures. . . . Machines: Sewing Motors, etc Other machines Nails Rails $24,018 124.543 412,763 410,094 147,651 i. '843,656 ■ '247.844 13,853 13,207 16,897 1,447,001 233,839 68,394 674,540 10,819 15,920 309,410 729,336 382,392 2,152 73.505 6,332,920 98,203 1,170,633 350,882 228,319 104,726 29,861 254,260 9,889 620.812 14.321 326,875 35,743 212,973 307,681 71,163 52,312 1917 $62,908 123,158 366,525 383,714 71.804 75 1.598.060 62 334.672 763 96.298 17.953 1,129,463 226,749 63,344 730,330 6,183 15,230 509,944 972,758 673,639 51,567 57,209 6,776,081 82,068 1,692,378 466,169 283,664 57,069 18,562 270,243 6.416 352.160 27.414 608.330 48.929 159.151 401.564 135.420 514 Articles Tinware Lime Linen garments Matches Meats, canned Meats, salted Butter Margarine Lard Cheese Milk Nickel goods Medicines (prepared) . . . Oils, mineral: Gasoline Petroleum Other Oils, vegetable: Cotton seed Linseed Olive and other Paints, etc Paper Plaster Rope Salt Seed for sowing Silk goods Skins Soap Sugar Sirup and sweets Tar Tea Tobacco: Cigars and cigarettes. Other Vegetables, canned . . . . Wine Wire, copper, iron Wood, manufactures: Furniture Lumber of all kinds . , Woolen goods All other articles 1916 1917 $39,613 75,197 170,678 164.316 113,055 254,865 97,608 54,246 167,755 167,153 211,230 27,235 169,436 359,268 354,772 169,169 $37,268 109,243 139,004 332,492 77.779 232.288 97.517 142.651 59.373 181.424 217.904 37.808 167.972 573,848 350.162 197.442 Total. 10.602 7,564 20.649 42.171 453.225 1.036,263 54.117 53,309 233.491 386,083 31,835 24,936 58,611 107,303 41,984 43,395 10,975 17,770 512,214 845,938 67,648 202,125 655,685 385,862 9,180,213 11,657,742 188,933 67,905 25,250 39,336 2,346.968 2,482,244 272.856 208,538 304.645 446,799 140.694 112,158 1,613,884 2,066.984 284,400 391.048 106,881 113.302 263.205 551.094 412,975 855.341 6.684.519 7.446.179 $43,344,939 ! f I $51,817,674 It ,1 594 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Exports by articles, 1916 and 1917: Articles 1916 1917 Articles 1916 1917 Animals: Cattle Fowls Beeswax Bones Breadstuff s: Barley Com . Wheat Carpets Eggs Fruits and nuts: Dates Almonds Other Gums Guts: Dry Fresh Hair, goats, etc. Hides and skins: Hides $119,924 86,521 167,526 3,592 3,343,002 697,516 1,394.670 3,414 2.196,889 601 326,980 835 142,353 2,340 10,055 27.281 278,404 $650,610 9,693 207.853 581 4,498,938 1,272,771 1,099,525 2,842 2,939.939 72 207,700 4,616 153,757 4.309 7.609 32,576 403.920 Hides and skins: (Con.) Goat skins Sheep skins Leather work Oil. olive Rags Seeds: Canary Coriander Cumin Fenugreek Linseed Others Vegetables: Beans Chickpeas Wool All other articles Total $671,469 255.525 4.468 647 219.627 679,332 98,764 347,648 82,681 237,601 87.569 710.340 365.245 1,487.838 344.764 $14,307,121 $881,552 514.558 1,224 " i"6V.764 533.117 462.960 539.266 442.034 1.067.576 48,212 1.804,049 743.334 1,376,017 1.616.080 $21,679,144 Value of trade passing through the eleven ports of the Empire open to international commerce: Ports Imports 1914 1915 1916 1917 Ports of the French Protectorate: Casablanca Mazagan Mogador Rabat Saffi Kenitra Fedalah Ports of the Spanish sone of influence: Laraiche Tetuan Araila International Port of Tangier Total $9,072,495 2,118.527 2,174,776 3.655,584 2,266,763 765,250 60,142 3,806,712 1,627.332 101,309 4.110.960 $29,759,850 $11,549,970 2,524,514 2,598,692 5.014,352 2,298,596 3,746,003 11.755 2,973,439 2,054,661 164,290 3,439,969 $36,376,268 $16,572,865 3.202,473 3.136.347 6.245.624 2.465,025 2,691.869 37,707 2.678.809 2,390,183 173.914 3.741,123 $43,344,939 $19,881,689 3,998,127 3,741,902 6,904,014 3.315,027 3,775,096 15,678 2,944.247 2.884.333 257.515 4.099,446 $51,817,674 Ports Exports 1914 1915 1916 1917 Ports of the French Protectorate: Casablanca Mazagan Mogador Rabat SafE Kenitra Fedalah Ports of the Spanish sone of influence: Laraiche Tetuan Arzila International Port of Tangier Total $1,672,928 1,011,902 887,426 311.359 329,272 9,459 540,078 23,734 746 272,456 $5,059,360 $3,395,838 2,431.365 1,258,487 260,014 1,699.722 194.517 155.381 550.058 23.972 7.346 197.992 $10,174,692 $4,240,813 4,147,662 1,592.827 635,861 2,316,921 242,977 44,388 722,222 39,654 4,562 319,254 $14,307,121 $7,577,839 4.855,446 1,435,338 1.160,159 3,760.176 1,177,675 80,099 919.214 76,190 75.361 562,647 $21,679,144 MOROCCO 595 Production and Industry The soU of Morocco is capable of agricultural production, but not much has been done to cultivate it. The interior of the country cannot be permanently occupied on account of lack of security to both hfe and property. The inhabitants raise only enough for their own immediate use. Barley is the most used cereal; wheat, maize, millet, rye, beans, peas, chickpeas and canary seed are raised. The greater part of the country has been cleared of forests. In some of the Atlas valleys, conifers are found. The fisheries are capable of expansion. They are at the present time chiefly in the hands of the Spanish and Portuguese. Morocco possesses valuable, but largely unworked mineral resources. Though many of the mines have not been worked for a long time, copper, iron, lead, antimony, sulphur, silver, gold and petroleum are said to exist. Manufactures are relatively unimportant, the principal one being the making of leather articles. Other manufactures are carpets, rugs, and curios for decorative pur- poses. The Moors do much spinning, weaving and dyeing, chiefly of wool. Consular Representatives: The United States has a Consul General stationed at Tangier. Post Offices: ,,»,., A permanent postal service is now estabUshed in Morocco by the Moorish government under French management. There is a daUy post to Europe via Cadiz and Algiers, also a parcels post and money order system. Telegraphs and Telephones: _ . ^ .- /t:, ^ a. i u There are telegraphic submarine cables from Tangier to Cadiz (Eastern Telegraph Co ) Tarifa (Spanish government), and Oran (French government), and a cable from Brest to Casablanca; also wireless telegraphic stations belonging to the Moorish govern- ment at Tangier, Rabat, Casablanca, Fez, Marakesh, and Mogador. Land telegraph lines have been laid from Mazagan, Saffi and Mogador, and from Rabat to Taounrt and Oran Lines also exist to Fez, Mequinez, Marakesh and other places m the mtenor of the French zone. The total length of the telegraph Unes open to the pubUc on December 31, i917, was 2,338 miles, employing 6,110 miles of wire. Telephone systems are now in operation in Tangier and in the following towns of the French protectorate : Casablanca, Rabat, Kenitra, Fez, Mequinez and Marakesh. Tangier Arzila, and Laraiche are now connected by telephone, and connections are bemg efif^ted between Casablanca, Fez, Rabat and Marakesh. There are also telephones at Salh, Mazagan, Ber Rechid and Sellat and interurban Unes connecting them aU. Railways * The total length of raUways is 550 mUes, of which 509 are the principal routes. There are 621 miles under construction, and 391 miles under survey. Roads: , , ^ i.- The French are constructing many pubUc highways. The roads under construction comprise 875 miles. There are: A coast road from Kinitra to Mazador, connecting all the chief coast towns in the French zone; two roads from Fez; one direct to Kemtra, and the other passing through Mequinez. The Fez-Kenitra road when joined with the Tangier road, will connect the three zones of the Empire. There are also plans for the construction of an additional 350 miles of road. Money: Spanish pesetas as well as Moorish coins are current. The silver coinage comprises 596 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS ANGOLA 597 ! f Moorish dollars, }/^ dollars and H dollars and dirhems (1/10 dollar) and l^ dihrems (1/20 dollar). The Moorish dollar equals 5 francs. At Tangier European goods are paid for in French and Spanish coin. French coin is much used at Casablanca and other ports in the French zone; Moorish coin is almost exclusively used in other parts of Morocco. Weights and Measures: The metric system is employed in foreign trade. The chief local weights and measures are: the Elantar, used for the produce of the country sold by weight, which contains 100 Rotals and is generally the equivalent of about 168 pounds, but varies in different districts. The Kantar by which articles of weight of importation are sold contains 100 Rotals, and is equivalent to 112 pounds. The principal lineal measurement is the Drah of 8 tominis, equivalent to about 22 inches. Language: French and Spanish are ordinarily used in foreign trade. Shipping Routes : Fabre Line. Independent S. S. Corp. Customs Tariff: There is a special import tax of 2J^ per cent, ad valorem upon all goods brought into Morocco, besides the general import duty of 10 per cent, ad valorem levied upon practically all goods. Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required. Cable Rates: To Tangier, from New York or New England states, $0.36 per word. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Eleven days. Parcels Post: Goods can be shipped by parcel post to Morocco via England at the regular 12 cent rate plus transit charges. Money Orders: Issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. SPANISH AFRICA CANARY ISLANDS (See under Spain) FERNANDO PO The island of Fernando Po, a Spanish possession in the Gulf of Guinea, is considered one of the most fertile spots on the West Coast of Africa. Area 1,185 square miles, the population of 17,000 consists chiefly of natives. Other Spanish possessions in the Gulf of Guinea are The Islands of Annobon (6^ square miles), Little Elobey (35 acres), Great Elobey (^ square mile) and Corisco (iH square miles) and on the mainland the district of Rio Mimi (9,470 square miles). The capital of all of these colonies is Santa Isabel on Fernando Po. Exports from the United States to Spanish Africa, excluding the Canary Islands, were valued in the calendar year 1919 at $83,019; no imports are recorded. PORTUGUESE AFRICA ANGOLA (Portuguese West Africa.) P„rt,.T„«e West Africa, lying between British South Africa and the French Congo, is divid^StnghTltricts: Congo, Guan.a-Norta, Guanza-Sul, Mazico, HuUa, Cunene, divided into eigni ^^^^ ^^^^ important towns are: Cabinda, ? rTvt wXido BenguV, Mossamedes and Port Alexander. The native popu- Ambnz, NovoWedondo Bengu ^^^^ ^^ cocoanuts, ':r r^^ fi^h^tre cWef produce! Tobacco and cotton are both grown. A Sh sZi^te controls the petroleum and asphalt. There are malachite, copper, iron, petroleum and salt mines. Some gold has also been found . „ . h th. 4n«,U's trade is largely with Portugal. The shipping is mainly controUed by the Portutt^ N^^nal NavTgation Company. There are also three British Unes and one Portuguese «auu e. ,teamers to its ports. TextUes are the chief imports of the German '-« ^^^-^^^^t^X" a^d driS fish. In 1914, 195 vessels of 29.3,531 tons ^^re'd the pTrro^Lrnda and 187 vessels of 270,917 tons cleai^l. United States stat.tu. oSgn o«ce include trade with Angola, the Cape Verde Islands Guinea and St Thol^ and Principe under the general classification of -^oHup^eseMnc^^ Exports during the calendai year 1919 were valued at $5,131,859, imports at $1,672,673. Total imports and exports exclusive of Congo for 1913, 1914 and 1916: Year Imports Exports 1913. 1914. 1916. $5,562,901 5,631,624 9,503.502 $5,438,403 4,695,015 7.250,315 The raUways open for traffic are as follows Loanda Lucalla line 226 miles (meter eu J) LucX Mahlge line, 149 mUes (meter gauge); built to connect with he Central M^L StyV Canraca Golungo Alto, 9 miles; LobitoXJhinguar, 323 mdes; Mossa- mlt^^a Mo;ntaine, 111 mUes; making a total of 818 mUes. Angola is connected by cable with East, West and South African telegraph systems Language: Portuguese is used in commercial correspondence with Angola. Shipping Routes: British & African Steam NavigaUon Co., Ltd. """ fr^rt duties are specific with few exceptions. Articles imported from Portugal have preferential rates. . Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required Cable Rates: From New York or New England states, $1.58 per word. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Twenty-eight days. Parcels Post: Service does not extend to Angola. Money Orders: Not issued. • International Reply Coupons: Not issued. f\\ B '^ 598 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS CAPE VERDE ISLANDS The Cape Verde Islands, of which there are fourteen, have a population of 149,793 (census of 1912) of whom only 4,799 are whites. Praia is the capital and is the seat of the Governor, chief administrator of the islands. Cofifee, medicinal produce and millet are the chief products. For trade of the United States with the Cape Verde Islands, see under Angola, page 597. Total imports and exports for 1913, 1914 and 1916: Year Impobts Exports 1913 1914 1916 $2,008,740 2.185,545 5,310.502 331.218 319,429 358,408 Language: Portuguese is used in commercial correspondence with the Cape Verde Islands. Shipping Routes: British & African Steam Navigation Co., Ltd. Customs Tariff: The general tariff is 3 per cent, ad valorem. Wines of national production pay a specific duty. Consular Regulations : No consular documents are required. Cable Rates: To St. Jago, $1.01 per word; to St. Vincent, $0.78 per word; from New York or New England states. Parcels Post: Goods can be sent by parcel post to the Cape Verde Islands via England at the regular 12 cents rate plus transit charges. Mail Time: Eighteen days. Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. PORTUGUESE GUINEA Portuguese Guinea is on the coast of Senegambia and includes the archipelago of Bijagof, with the island of Bolama. The chief port is Bissau. Rubber, wax, oil, seeds, ivory and hides are its main products. The population of Portuguese Guinea is estimated at 289,000. For trade of the United States with Portuguese Guinea, see under Angola, page 597. Total imports and exports for 1914, 1915 and 1917: Year Imports Exports 1914 1915 1917 $1,515,402 3,584,273 2.222,813 $1,139,281 2,081.864 3.111.675 Languages: The commercial language of Portuguese Guinea is Portuguese. PORTUGUESE— GUINEA 599 Shipping Routes: British & African Steam Navigation Co., Ltd. Customs Tariflf: An ad valorem duty of 3 per cent, is levied on all imports, except tobacco, gunpowder, arms and ammunition, alcohol and spirits, which have specific rates. Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required. Cable Rates: From New York or New England states, $1.11 per word. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Twenty-eight days. Parcels Post: Goods can be sent by parcel post to Portuguese Guinea via England at the regular 12 cent rate plus transit charges. Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Not issued. S. THOME AND PRINCIPE The islands of S. Thom6 and Principe which constitute a province under the rule of a Governor, are located about 125 miles off the coast of Africa in the Gulf of Guinea. They are hilly, the soil is volcanic, the vegetation rich and various. The estimated popu- lation for 1914 for both islands was 58,907; 53,969 in S. Thom6 and 4,938 in Principe 24,520 natives, 34,387 whites of which 24,833 are males, 9,554 females. There are 125,000 acres of cacao plantations. In 1916 the production was 84,975,750 pounds. There is a railroad 9 miles long on the Island of S. Thom6. The number of vessels visiting the ports in 1914 was 133 with a tonnage of 431,381. For trade of the United States with the Islands, see under Angola, page 597. Total of imports and exports for 1913 to 1916: Year Imports Exports 1913 1914 1915 1916 $1,785,676 4.093,193 4,526,042 6.608.094 $7,824,629 8,009,355 6.770.108 8,121,938 Language: Portuguese is used in commercial correspondence with Sao Thom6 and Principe. Shipping Routes: British & African Steam Navigation Co., Ltd. Customs Tariff: The duties are mainly specific. Municipal imports are collected, levied to protect articles of Portuguese origin. Consular Regulations: No consular documents are required. Cable Rates: From New York or New England states, $1.48 per word. Postal Rates: Postal Union rates. Mail Time: Twenty-eight days. Parcels Post: Service does not extend to Sao Thome and Principe. Money Orders: Not issued. International Reply Coupons: Not issued. • ^- i IN i| ilMi AUSTRALIA 601 600 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS !i OCEANIA AUSTRALIA An island continent in the southern Pacific, and one of the British self-governing dominions. In area it is equal to that of continental United States excluding the state of South Carolina. The principal cities, Sydney and Melbourne, are as large as Boston and Baltimore, respectively. The seasons in Australia are the reverse of those in the United States owing to its geographical position south of the equator. Winter in Austraha is from June 21 to Sep- tember 21, spring from September 21 to December 21, summer from December 21 to March 21 and autumn from March 21 to June 21. The climate of Melbourne is similar to that of Washington, D. C. The principal industries of Australia are the raising of livestock, agriculture and mining. Sheep raising is the most important of the pastoral industries, and wool has also important. tivated in New South Wales and Victoria. The lumber industry is important in West Australia, New South Wales, Tasmama and Queel^r The fisheries are of some importance, the chief product bemg pearl oystors. Australia is one of the world's great gold producing countries, »•>« P™»«'P^f ]^jXw being West Austraha. There are. however, «^„^. ^^ ^^J g^^^^^^ rlerNe^ti^tr^u^'Stl™^^^^ S:':^lrrj a^-^^ ^ =f Z:^:r.a.Tead. mercury. woUram, nickel, and zinc are other mineral products. The manufacturing industries of Austraha whUe of considerable ™P<>rtan<*,- f° °°' The railway system of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South AustoJia is ex^nLta Ja t^TnT-continental rail'way runs from Adelaide on the south coast to Perth in West Australia. The per capita imports of AustraUa in J^j^ -oimtod ^^^^^^^'^J^J^Z^:, exporte of AustraUa in the same year amounted to $103.36. I" l»" «1 L., .™,rts suppUed 24.9 per cent of the total imports and purchased 14.1 per cent of the total exports. Area and Population PopuUtion and area in square mUes of the states and territories comprising Australia: States and Territories Area Population Census April 3, 1911 Estimated June 30. 1918 New South Wales.. Victoria Queensland South Australia. . . . , West Australia Tasmania Northern Territory . Federal Territory.., Total Commonwealth. 309.432 87.884 670,500 380,070 975,920 26,215 523,620 940 2,974,581 1.646,734 1,315,551 605.813 408.558 282.114 191.211 3.310 1.714 4.455,005 1.897.084 1,416.982 705,588 439,275 311.121 202.842 5.260 2.404 4.980.565 M 602 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS The statistics given in the above table exclude aborigines of which there are estimated to be about 100,000. Population of principal cities: Melbourne, 728,240; Sydney, 777,30o- Adelaide, 225,317; Bresbane, 173,504; Newcastle, 59,560; Broken Hill, 27,000; Parramatta| 12,250; BaUarat, 40,404; Bendigo, 35,640; Geelong, 34,037; Rockhampton, 20,915; Towns, ville, 13,835; Ipswich, 25,000; Toowoombs, 24,200; Hobart (Tasmania), 38,391; Launceston (Tasmania), 23,726. In 1911 there were 924,259 dwellings occupied in the Commonwealth, of which 499,653 were of wood, 235,460 of brick and 75,565 of stone. Commerce Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with Australia for eleven years: Year ended Exports Imports Per cent free Excess of exi>orts (♦) or imports (-) June 30— Domestic Foreign Total Free Dutiable Total 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 $23,966,909 27.559.042 37,419,384 39,217,569 43.226,675 45,663.067 43.463.666 68,526.443 63.277.656 65.987.417 $109,351 137,515 105.202 42.934 85.180 112,149 157,010 304,067 277.222 594.084 $24,076,260 27,696,557 37,524,5M 39,260,506 43,351,855 45,775,216 43.620,676 58.830.510 63.554.878 66,581,501 109,034.686 $5,660,919 5,219,254 5,743.430 5,640,326 8,606,637 16,071,733 22,825,278 50,483,807 10,572,912 47.730,747 $8,132,300 9,587.510 3,359,438 3,966,097 2,349,563 1,016,801 879,732 3,690,517 2,145.876 1,740,738 $13,973,219 14,806,764 9,102,868 9,606,423 10,956,200 17,088,534 23,705,010 54,174,324 12,718,788 49,471,485 74,643,999 40.15 35.25 63.10 58.71 78.55 94.05 96.29 93.19 83.13 96.48 ♦$10,103,041 ♦12,889,793 ♦28,421,718 ♦29,654.080 ♦32.395.655 ♦28.686,682 ♦19.915.666 ♦4.656.186 ♦50.836.090 ♦17,110.016 ♦34.390,687 Foreign trade of Australia, 1914-1918: Year Imports Exports Year Imports Exports 1014-15 $313,138,718 376,752.740 $294,479,919 363,422,640 1916-17 1917-18 $370,471,371 295,595,696 $476,063,642 364.671,178 1916-16 Classification of imports according to commodities, 1914-1918: Articles I 1914-16 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Ale, spirits, beverages , Tobacco and preparative of Sugar Agricultural products and groceries Textiles, belts and furs, clothing Metals and machinery , Oils, paints and varnishes , Earthenware, cement, china, etc . . . . Drugs and chemicals Wood, wicker and cane , Jewelry and fancy goods Leather and rubber , Paper and stationery Vehicles Musical instruments Miscellaneous Free goods Total Merchandise. Specie and Bullion . Grand Total $8,783,730 4,386,009 1.012.537 38,291,065 79.435.839 73,935,432 13,097,597 6,972,505 11,691,366 12.468,198 7,024,230 8,879,438 13,344,719 9.326.869 1,338,191 15,139,099 3,793,142 $308,919,966 4,218,752 $313,138,718 $7,370,228 4,709,548 9,204,519 58,610,574 98,712,077 73,376,401 15,678,782 8,000,721 14,350,102 10,244,656 7,372.391 10,428,631 14.391,966 12.393,029 1,601,924 17,655,791 8,859,420 $372,960,760 3.791.980 $376,752,740 $9,764,449 5,418,948 8,074,870 31,446,761 110,650,813 63,758,208 18,558,629 6,593,455 14,642,222 8,841,443 7,747.223 11,127,553 21,685,514 10,281,208 1,762,872 28,912,523 9,881,429 $369,148,120 1.323,251 $370,471,371 $7,053,092 3,143,186 1,460,619 30,270,859 100,615,646 43,033,462 16,945,536 4,932,890 14,520,601 8,251,482 7,452.829 8,972,055 14,597,194 8,245,966 1,887,225 13,896,601 9,486.180 $294,766,022 829,674 AUSTRALIA 603 Exports according to commodities, 1914-1918: Foodstuffs of animal origin. . ............ Foodstuffs of vegetable origua and salt . . . Beverages, non-alcoholic Spirits and alcoholic liquors Tobacco and products of Live animals Animal substances • Vegetable substances and fibres Apparel, textiles, etc Oils, fats and waxes Paints and varnishes. ..... . • . .... • • Stones and minerals used mdustnally ... Mett^a, unmanufactured and ores Metals, partly manufactured Machines and machinery India rubber, etc., leather Wood and wicker .• • • • • Earthenware, cement, china, glass, etc . . Paper and stationery Jcwclrv etc •.>•■•■ • ••••• Optical.* surgical and scientific instruments Drugs, chemicals, fertiliters Miscellaneous $70,427,052 9,828,849 80,846 612,058 387,808 2,607,939 125.891.058 940,201 506,703 9,976,083 13,292 3,506,089 7,220,676 35,180,985 693,313 857,031 6,162,407 3,908,594 75,519 270,201 168,679 44,609 1,525,359 1,468,079 $26,882,268 64,663,841 84,636 740,907 788,000 1,585,579 142,682,693 893,360 945,649 3,958,170 14,915 2,633,415 43,442,286 54,680,705 1,063,747 1,395,475 6,046,141 1,923.364 232,497 292,465 151,860 74,14 > 2,322,263 1,313,274 $74,191,190 92.699,397 91,436 770,499 560,727 1,910,762 151,869,109 960,131 1,608,105 7,529,398 33.694 2,288.306 54.700,617 57,054,523 1,543,934 1,277,319 6,275.956 1,526,419 225,411 297.441 200.897 67,780 2.154.108 1,994.869 $72,059,827 65,945,237 215,506 1,004,586 850.602 2.563,248 135,243,851 1.138,877 2.471.251 6,123,894 306,067 1,566,635 133,615 44,248,560 603,752 2,625,475 4,497,118 1.293,547 239.014 371.362 382.540 186,094 3,566.627 2,539.558 Production and Industry AgricuUure: Number and area of private agricultural properties in the several states and territories of the Commonwealth, according to the latest available statistics: Classification States New South Wales Victoria South Australia West Australia Territories Tas- mania Northern Federal Total 1 and under 60 " 60 acres. 100 100 600 1000 6000 10000 20000 «i •• ti •• tt « 600 1000 6000 10000 20000 60000 (i It t( ti «4 60000 acres and over. Total. . , 40,033 8.586 26.405 9.326 7.971 942 411 233 76 93,983 18,757 7,356 24.735 10,181 6,634 267 116 34 1 66,811 7,272 1,867 6,016 4,057 4,006 127 43 24 23.412 3.813 4.392 • • 36 620 2,293 4 20 3,267 5,134 19 65 3.605 727 4 27 4.146 672 34 268 167 4 82 60 • • 28 35 2 4 3 15.833 13,492 27 194 74,303 20,752 65.641 27.927 22.193 1,775 721 350 84 213.752 Acreage under crops in the several states and territories (1916-1917): North Federal Tas- Tem- mania t tones Total 141.846 88.407 6 360,072 1081 844.130 ....i 25 . . . .! 9.055 905,11.532.828 80 4.582 49 390,876 $259,595,696 Continued on page 604 I 604 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Table Continued: Crops New South Wales Victoria Q'land South Australia West Australia Tas- mania North Tas- mania Federal Terri- tories Total Hay: Lucerne Oaten Wheaten .... Barley Rye Other Pulse: Beans Peas Root Crops: Arrow Root. . Carrots Mangolds .... Onions Potatoes: White Sweet Beet: Sugar Edible Turnips Other Vinegars: (Productive) Table use . . Wine Drying .... Unproductive Hops Sugar Cane: Productive . Unproductive Tobacco Brown Millet Flax Pumpkins and Melons . . Market Oar- dens .... Orchard and Fruit Gardens: Productive... Unproductive All other .... Crops 61.584! 160,898| 633,4381 866 747 28.749 672.905 195.632 314 9,642 860 6,234 73.618 55,928 30.041 1 21.047 1,056 586 4.306j 26 36 324 '263 189| 8,9061 1,581 2.855 148,881 323,633 1.168 1.124 6.379 35 6.840 1.320 "524 5.223 6.746 952 1.720! 930 3.349 14.325 4.660 87 162 147 890 233 25 104 288 4,737 133 3.119 10,683 39.494 20,866 1,094 73 1.143 443 2.064 10.764 56.631 26,456 2.342 75,914 91.307 317 1.063 Total Area Un- der Crops. . . 5.164.4391 4.851.335 12,566 2.305 22.506 2,787 3,397 113 32 886 17.132 6,358 4,801 3 230 51.255 188.272 274 695 13 483 46 57 6.838 3 203 40 1,226 1,045 223 537 345 1,522 20,809 7.985 482 885.259; 3.627.477 79,274 334 15,326 82 726 21 34,345 2,186 1,248 660 2.153 13.253 8.494 706 2.004,955 448 24.401 13.979 713 140 10 26 270,526 825 167 12 27 26 274 2.131 149,346 1.144.079 1,362,080 3,364 * 12.984 735 31.658 342 110 1.952 1,974 7.059 149,825 1,974 1,230 3,636 6.103 25.201 21,469 12.621 1.331 81.137 97,053 1.342 3,931 443 18.773 27,884 177,120 80.567 8,736 16.806.380 Total yield of crops in the several states and territories of 1916-1917: the Commonwealth in « Unit of Quantity Stath Crops New South Wales Victoria Queensland South Australia North Australia Cereals: T> 1 f Maltina Bushel •• •t .« II II II 40.310 33.060 4.333.430 1.083.030 ■3d.866 36,585.380 806.280 993.504 1.172.330 8.289.289 ■ ■42.953 51.162.438 173.210 76,957 3.018.934 108.664 *" V.668' 2,463,141 1,340.302 394.118 993 1.839.541 ■**Vl',346' 45,745,064 66.143 Bw'eyiother .....::..:. 67.912 Maise 949 Oats Rice Rye 1.689,352 "* 3,604' Wheat 16,103,216 Other Cereals 267 OrftJia RaaH 3.176 13.174 14,219 26 Continued on page 605 AUSTRALIA Table Continued: Crops Unit of Quantity States New South Wales Victoria Queensland Bay: Lucerne § Oaten Wheaten Barley Rye Other Straw: Oaten Wheaten Other Pulse: Beans Peas Root Crop: Arrow Root Carrots Mangolds Onions Potatoes: Ordinary Sweet Beet Sugar Beet Edible Turnips Other Grapes: Portable For wine For raisins and currants . . . Total grapes and currants Wine made Raisins, dried CurrantSj dried • Hops, dried Sugar cane Tobacco Brown Millers: Fibie Grain Flax: Fibre Seed... Pumpkins and Melons . . . Ton II •I •I II II It II 147,365 209,180 813,582 1,205 ^ 746 Bushel II Ton II ii li II II II II Gallon Pound II II Ton Pound Bushel Pound Bushel Ton 6.162 9.903 1.020 8,167 146 6 226 861 45.296 2,333 1,477 9 2.214 4.908 326 7.448 628.950 474,768 2.276 42.014 929.401 261.306 78.302 7.987 154.964 10,307 28.163 187.992 ■ 15,159 2,625 74,797 39.303 23,297 1.219 634 6.029 1.398 24.663 778 1.506 726 3.506 143.558 103.152 8.795 8.860 2.606 9,262 38.792 50,660 1,302.660 15,932.640 66,449 975 1,639 421 19,457 5,331 827 252 668 170 838 23.171 11,504 5,256 4.095 163,162 2,962 11.103 1.579.514 229,952 2.271 4.239 37.511 605 South Australia North Australia 6,681 163.243 436.813 1,484 770 6.068 4.967 8,440 2.450 985 100.282 169 998 2,252 20,343 466 44.472 191,421 240 390 740 775 128 116 6,135 687 285 758 18,966 15.360 35.074 2.951.048 3.989,888 50.147 10 357 233 16.841 647 153 1.940 2.134 640 4.714 220.439 148.184 1.843 2.263 1.674 Uvesiock: The raising of fine (merino) sheep and the export of wool continues to be the most important industry apart from mining. Number of sheep in the several states and territories: -—--—-==. New South Wales Victoria Queensland South Australia West Australia Federal Common- wealth Under 500 500 and under 1,000 •• 2.000 " 5.000 10.000 20,000 50,000 100,000 and upw Traveling flocks II II II II 1.000 2.000 6.000 10.000 20.000 50.000 100,000 aids. . . 2.232.926 2.649,735 4,572,215 7,247,502 5,353,597 6.869.576 5.789.363 1,850.872 520.455 Total 2.926.979 2,261.996 2.255.242 2,000.010 1.494.718 1,101,273 504.799 31.572 202,338 301,962 604.779 1.652.135 2.131,248 2,631,461 3,985.965 2,942,167 1,072,238 36.086.241 12.576.587 15,524,293 1,131.603 691,220 627,536 738.636 536,478 620,239 505,267 106.089 134,214 5.091,282 608,176 489,516 451.906 613,563 541.626 1.266.713 1,186,020 372.440 5.529,960 12.013 12.220 11.851 16.350 26.733 30,975 7.114,033 6,406.649 8.523.529 12,268.196 10.084.400 11,520.237 11,971,404 5,271.568 1,726.907 31,572 110.142 74.918,505 Wool production in 1916-1917 amounted to 547,702,295 pounds, valued at $174,784,604. rS 1 606' EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Details of the number of flocks in the several states and territories classified according to their size: Sise of Flookfl Statss New South Walee Victoria Queensland South Australia Wert Australia Federal Common, wealth Number of Flooka Under 500. 500 and 1000 and 2000 and 5000 and 10000 and 20000 and 50000 and 100000 and imder under under under under under 1000. 2000. 5000. 10000. 20000. 50000. under 100000. upwards . Total. 13,603 3,705 3.213 2,371 777 417 202 28 4 24.320 20,292 3.311 1,670 699 218 82 19 26,291 2,027 401 400 488 301 183 134 43 9 3,986 6.983 977 444 216 85 43 18 2 1 8,769 3.092 674 318 190 74 89 40 5 4,482 61 19 9 5 4 2 100 46,058 9,087 6.054 3,969 1,459 816 413 78 14 67,948 An important and rapidly developing branch of the livestock industry is the raising of cattle for slaughter and the preparation of frozen and salted meat products. The most recent estimates of livestock in Australia show the following figures: Sheep. Cattle. 91.676.281 11,040.391 Horses. Pigs. . . 2.563,147 1,045.610 Statistical information covering a period of nearly sixty years shows that the livestock of the Commonwealth increased as foUows: Horses by 479 per cent, cattle by 202 per cent, sheep 322 per cent, and pigs 233 per cent. These total increases represent an annual advance of 3.13 per cent in the case of horses; cattle, 1.96 per cent; sheep, 2.56 per cent, and pigs, 2.13 per cent. Cattle raising is extensively carried out throughout the Commonwealth for dairying, the product of which is used both for home consumption and for export. The sub-tropical portions of the continent are best adapated to this industry and the greatest progress has been made in Victoria, New South Wales, and the southern portion of the state of Queens- land. The tropical areas of AustraUa, however, produce the finest quality of beef cattle and these are extensively raised in Northern Queensland, Northern Territory, and the northern parts of West AustraUa. There is practically no export of livestock in Australia and the Commonwealth's imports are limited to animals for stud purposes. The products both of cattle-raising and dairy fanning form a very important element in the export trade of Australia. The number of cattle slaughtered in Australia in 1917-18 was 1,345,- 459 and the quantity of beef preserved by the cold storage process and exported during the same year was 180,249,301 pounds. AUSTRALIA 607 s 3 S CO 00 -3 > o so I 00 S o > CO (5 at e M •♦* In o OS a OS a OB 2 ^ so < _0 00 c "oo a V V 3 a u O > .. J3 on u o 00 V > 00 o Hi 00 o N05 « 0009 OO lO^ 00 i-J 00 eo oT 00 CO o 3 CO CO to CO CO m CO o »-l Tf -H C^ •^ oooi .ICO .-ICO SIOO.-I eo^.-'co i-«CO o CI ,-1 00 t» o 00 doo o I-H 94 CO OO N O C4 c» CO CO o o 8 8 I-H ■^ooo • »-i^NCO • U3 \a ta io to taCirtt-i • o t* t^ t* I* N •* •* ■>* oo COCO 05_co NCO O NQOOO N COW^OJ co_ t^t^®.*^. CO 1-iOOst* ■* ■^ ccoo CO COCO OS CO § eo s ,290 ,276 CO • CO • s r^ 412. 1,290, eo CO Wif* CSI W51C l>»«0 eoec_ 00 .-I^ o CO CO ogpcoo ooQeoo iOOt^_Tf .-J'eioo C4rHiOt^ t-tCO o '^CO o coo CO MiO t<.lO I-H.-' ■ eo o «co OOO CO OJ t^OO OOO ooos^oo • C0.-l0»0 • eo I^N OJ t^(N o "2S ,-1 o •-• -^ . S 1,46 4,06 «o »o CON o> Cl CO 00 ■^ 04 0) •"fco MCO C4 04 «o 01 ^t^OCO 00 04 00-* OO'^OCt^ e4C0'*t>r CO o< coco 00 00 CON 04 00 04 O04 04 04 t^OO o» ,881 ,661 r 1,489, [ 3,601. 8 04 WS 05 04 00 IH »Ht* C4T} CO »o t^co CO OO'^ CO tCio of •'J^OS 04 C4 -^ J5 CO CO CO CO eo CO eo ,462 ,645 t* OS a ^^00 OOJO-Q.-" ,_iOOO>--' lO CO ,-t o« -«»< "5 oso irsoo lOOO ■^co eo o *Q QO00t^>C OOOSCO^ cocoe4_t« coWJ-'foi" 00 ,-lCO r* CO O t- 8 00 1- 00 eo •<* CO ■* 04 to OS CO CO •<* T. CO t^ lO^ t^ to to rH 0«0 to 04 Ol iH coos' 04 t^04CDOS^ 04 CO CO 00 00^ oseo QOCO •^00 o ^ OStO04l^ CO 04.-i»oi:H eo f^oc.-<^0 04 eoodaot-^ CO 04 '-' OS '-I t* ^eO'^io eo 00 to .-ICO to .360 .930 to 394, 691, CO coco t>.00 01 OS to CO '^S 04 04 CO eo OtJ< OS CO 04 -^f OS 04* CO^ O OOt^O OS'* CO f-Hl-ltO u u o > OB ^ a — OB eS 9 S >" ^ n V Ot ^ S ,»- w'3*a JU.M 2qq66 O •• Ji * ot o Eh S 9 Si ^O Ol Ji - a O **» s O .. O 0) "12 Ohj 1"° 5 o M "3.2 n 5$ oD a o 608 AUSTRALIA 609 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS a -a I I .9 « .. JO «o il o > CO go 09 ^ -^ -ts -•la o9 M S V 09 ^ d-g •c ° 08 o 80 U a a §* Si ,2 I- is .a .«. ^^^ 9 < a s o •c > cS 9 (2 0) 9 aocoio^^to^c«(DMt>^c«9i«^oQmr«iQ^f^QQ t«^coOu3or^ciooooncQ^'He4aoa»coa>«Dm 00 •* ^ lo ■t«i^»o o S ■♦ ;e OS «5 00 « e* N o> X3 <-" ■♦ ■* CO CO^HOOO r^OCOS'COOOSM'f'^Mt^O .-i(0 ^Oooio CO OBOfti-i ra^ cif-i c« noc4a» o -Hips'*-* co««o«-< r>^ t>»coooNi>^ "O aVr^r^ » • • • ^ to ^ «* ^ CO 0> cp A s; c« s 00 -4 §§ 9 eo ^ CO M o «•* 00 1^ to CO s CO s ei CO O 0C4-«0 t^ 00 C0C«(O-* •-< •* «q«ooeo 8 28 S "£S CO •o CO .-* •OS •CO -4 w^ -*co g : OO UJ • •c« -HCI o> • cO« (O • '.eS §1 OS -N -4 8 : r.^ -N ^ N.C C4 •o iss «-* s -4 CO to 00 ef to 04 CO CO 00 S3 OdOSt^C q0O9b>e4CD CO ^eo KcD CO C4--f Ml <0-HC» «o CO 04 eot^coeoi-iojoiOcooo C09COG0-4O<-i^00C0 00 O CI W N CO O 0* CO CO h^eoioeoco'oi^^coeo >Ci-i QOO OO at oo-H -M-N CO ^-4C0 01 looicoco r»r^c< CO t^iOQCco ooo> CO ootcr^QO CO 0» 4(«-4«^ S 9 J- sf S 01 O. U B e8 9 as o «_ "62 •a 12 ill i-si Sil is Ig g||-S i S^vfl-iB 6 • s I 1 _ 9 5 19 00 no ►2^ s 9 •S^.S a 04 u 00 s ;-J -4 $ S CO 160.380 86.629 972.520 1.336 12.713 113.359 13.122 s CO 5 2.498 22.642 -4 04 04 ■o 881.608 280.971 CO 00 s of 00 -4 CO 00 8 ^ Gold production of Australia, 1899 to 1917, inclusive: Year Value Year Value 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. $70,631,303 65,844,324 70,473.557 71,986,062 79,192.164 76,991,084 75,577,422 71,184,283 65.699,472 63.479,862 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 Total for 19 years $61,290,271 56,180,822 51,260,441 48,004,198 45,559,622 40,240,552 40.193.847 34,382,910 30,050,220 $1,118,222,416 Fisheries: Statistics as to the fisheries of the several states and territories : State or Territory Number of Boats engaged Value of Boats and Equipment Number of Men em- ployed Total take of Fish lbs. . Spring Lobster (Crayfish) doi. Value of take Fish Spring Lobsters (Crayfish) New South Wales Victoria Queensland South Australia Western Australia Tasmania Northern Territory (1916) 1.007 685 613 850 243 170 13 Commonwealth 3,681 $281,602 290,943 147,914 155,520 101,753 99,144 1,701 $1,078,577 3,006 883 1.138 1.203 487 310 75 7,102 18,963.952 9,900,464 6,070.400 14,672,000 2,771,552 213,926 52,592,288 10,561 15,071 cwt."ll,66b 7,067 $1,126,941 628,058 337,808 1,144,530 218,700 225,990 26,691 $3,608,718 $38,496 40,955 ' 68,646 16,717 $163,208 Timber' The forest area of Australia is estimated at 102,000,000 acres; of this amount 14,137,746 acres have been speciaUy reserved for tunber. The amount of timber cut in the several states during 1916 totaled 472,331,701 superficial feet, ^nd was^tnbut^ as foUows: New South Wales, 125,243,000 superficial feet; Victoria jo^f, 400 superficia feet; Queensland, 121,850,658 superficial feet; South Austraha, 2,824^ superficial feet, West AustraUa, 100,356,217 superficial feet; and Tasmania, 52,019,221 superficial feet. Manufacturing: The tables on the following pages give the number of factories and employes in each manufacturing industry in the various states: 610 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS AUSTRALIA 611 O 3 < CO T3 a cs a s Em I s Pm S a ^ H ^ 00 Pm Pt4 a S S f^ 3 d 2 0> ccos^" 0<^ to CO ec w <-< »^ ffi o» a> ^E oo 9> ^ coo CO a> M c< CONOCOOC*'-" CIO "500,00 •-< 3 «OOCOt^O oo»owco-* «o 00 CO 1-4 ss r«ccQcpQ>-< t*«0^«i-i 00 C4t^ 0> C4t»ooc •-••ceo t^ ^H ^ od 00 •■^ CO qor*0»N«o ■COft s t-i»-i«?pOO 00 ^"5 coc« ciio cocc |a*« 00 CO oco coo »OC0' CO Oco CO ^Qt^COOO t^CJCON t-i coooa ^88 t««ao S eo C4 i-n-i (OC4 CO 5 •-icct»eo w<->o s C4( C4 (O, CO (O '^ O CO >f>C4 « CO t>> C4 o iO>0 CO —iNOOO^ s CO Hi — "Ciocoej C«C4C0^O CO •-' Hi ^t-iOi Hid C4 -Oco o •-•>co^<^ •-* •-< o CO CO CO 00 ^ eo' •-Hoooe^ f-iU5cO COC4 00'* o CO coco §^ «o s CO CO'^ ■*co coco 00 Ok 00 t* CO 00 oo Oft 00 og g|t^» lO o »o 00 s s; liOO 0»>Ht»C»0»C0»Ot^QCii3SCO CO CO t*c«c»eO'-i'-0'^«o NCSlCOOOINI^'-iC^ClCCWO » CON CO CO M ■*_■* »0 Tj<^« !-• cocoooco eo •-••^ ^ oi 00 e» CO r* t^ r* o>»oco»»co3;»«oiox tiS 'S"5<»-'»oo> eo^ cooo-^cocjcoeo lO ,-1 j^ 1-t CO •-< eo CO N •* O CO 00 CO 00 "J •^ N t- C4tOt>>OC4C^aO OCQtQ coMoo eo U3 CO •w t* c«t>.,-*oo •-• CO eo' O^ .-HCO o S«c^eO'*co^ COOOCOOft^-4 ©t-N»OCO C4 00 CO O>NCO00'4« Hi •♦^ CO •-< 00«-r Ig'^S i-< C>l O -H CO «o cotocoo c^ wt« Hi CI v4 o CO Oi C*" »—'•—« Oi Oi CO X C4C< CO «C4 00^00 CI CO CO c«^ coo ^ CO 00 00 00 OO-^kOCO^ 00 i-iC4Ci^ci a •H ri 05 Ol eo ^ o 00 128 CO 00 eoto • 'CO ^cico • '.-I e^co^-" : >• «' CO S 00 00 04 • o« o>c«»-i r» C4' ■ oa COOC4 • ii ■*r*'0 : N CI r-HO CO»-« CO 00 •04 •-"OO'C 00 1-4 04 00 04 C« eoeo'<'04co b- 0>C4 eo>o iC* C0t»>0 04 COO r<» CO CO ^ ao a> 04 CO C4 04 CO ^ 04 04 1>. O— I OIK5 04 04 CO CO 00 04^ OS-* Hir-t 04'* CO-* o 04 o 04 <0 OOO-'fOJCO io»ot*o 04 04^00 04 ^0»0t*^-t •-«co»-< 0)0 CO>-i CO CO (0^-< •-• f-iO»000 coco '~* »-• 04O»t^ C0OOC4 t-lCO>0 "5i-iOO»COQ04f-i04 (MO'^SooO'^eo^r i-H •^CO'-H 04 04 CO CD 0>'^ COCO <— I i-tiOCO 'H Clt»04t» 04 0)C0^04CO '4^1-1 ^^1-1 00 04 CO t^ CO 04 OlM^y CC.- 04»O'* 04 co»oeot>-eo 04 ■^»^O>C004 04 04Clt^O«-tCOC004 04 ,^04 "-ii-t C*'* Tfii •* to CO •-HCC •^OoO 04 t^-^f »C CIOt>^CO 1-4 CO "H^ CO 04CO>O^C4 04C0>O CO eo 04 04 04»H«O »o^ S' 00 co^ CO eo 04 O^oot- CDX04 CO rHlQ^ rl CO 04 04 '#04 00 04OO CO cox o C4 »o 04 lisp si ^^04 '-"OttX CO^H 0>h»'^^ ^•104 lO 1-4 04 o> •^ ^ r- CO •-< t* X >-• cs C50»'*XCOXCI »o X CO<-i XCOOiCOcO CO OI'^CI t^OiO f-ii-t04 CO ioo^»or*coo«-i 04O» •-• coco»o o CO --i •-•■»»•■<* 04 »o ft •r^ ci-^ce •lO OICDX •0» O4C0'^ ;o4* o" CO 50t»0)OcD»^^'^^cC ^OcOt^-X'^COCI 04O COCOCOtOO OCCXCOO-*— lOOO COCOOSX'^«OCO®'OCO •-•^tociosto o a> :S ocioi »^r^^xi--»oo4co e4co »Oi-^co COC0»-<«O'«}<'*C0X^04 CO cicie* OJ •-• Ol o H * 30 ©"^ OS 3 3^.a O O <* ^ OSOJ'^eCCOClOQCl'^CDi CC05^'^,^«0»CO»-<0'^' »Hi-(iO«-4»H to 04 t- CO'* w^^OHi t-T 04 CO CO «* co' 04 1^ CO iOCOi-it>.'-it^cO'#COXCOi otor^TH CO CO ^ ^^04 to X 3 3 rt & «5 aJ 09 ? ii"^ «♦; ~ . )E4 cgm-4 i si e :|:-is : ill ill iWPfcoWE-'O 5 o H 612 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS AUSTRALIA 613 5 o ^ e o. a Et4 C. < QQ •T3 a s s Et< a S a a QQ s b a a D. S Em MOeoM o 00 s •-< C4 W «ceo c» M Si C4 . 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QQ 73 a eS B v .S « 9 11 » d cc '■2 « g «J •S >- ()$ u V o S 2 3 o ca ^ - M -r.3.2 .Slip o H !|ol *OiS -® I « 5 In «> o 00 u O ;2o a 9** .2 CO aj 3 a -3 5 o H S s c •a 0*5 .fl tj^ «•- ^-c r[x]pqOi-:)SO o o PL4 U O JC3 3 >> o , fl oa ot M ^ p a ?«§ ij »«-S> «1a ©, lO OscOd Sd eodi-1 X «0©tji ■*XCI eo eo^ •— ' i->d '^©© XX^-t veodi->d •o © X QOlOTf 1-1 © CO r-ldX t« t>>1-4 X X d © eo X* CO X © «o lO © d" d © © © »o d d © © d eo eo X © oT eo © d X d* CO CO CO »o eo i-< lO X ©f CI 1-1© eo — d ■«i< CI J* i-ieo«o i-ici 1-H © ©" OSCO©X»OCi d •-" eo o d »o •S t2 a ot ii V « o S w **^ u a a o § aJ §0 .5 a 00 im 00 :i5 a o H •^.^ o-g «^ 2 o »3 < O E- a 2 « 614 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS I .9 I e o a- II s s .s i 8) o II «-^ .2 « W) •s g <8 o « a »M K a o •*» eS § 2 « 5, X 2 2 § •«d a> -t^ ^H 2 £ P O »^ 73 5 g.S s c) '^ a — • "^ 73 -2 § i o-§ -^ go *H fS S ^ « o ^ -9 fe "I ^ o en M c *o o a s ^1 6| I m ^1 C9 « ^1^ a o PL,!-, .S8fl a o 0) P4 rf £ B) c o a .•a S822*-- a> >c t— fo r^ t* 5i05e»9o>C>»-« oogog s to CI cfiO'^'oodc* s CO 0* -<»^ CI o 00 <0C4OC4OC4 00 •-••-•CI »o W «0 Oi M5 t-i t>. O CO «-• CO O 'T .668 756.239 1,515.078 319.705 813.723 1.044.093 308,097 669,801 683,816 1,300.927 469,851 459,329 899.718 282,890 1,091.551 1,366.975 737.314 193.190 73.254 65.600 676.750 254.099 788.996 410,781 1,581.335 708.903 313,699 2.280.583 4.011.261 690,298 4,403.973 2.020,785 1,814,172 694,819 417,288 2,196,952 4,632,582 334,367 1,848.253 41.220.235 (b)$l 17.934,488 Rote: (a) Includes specie imported, (b) Includes specie imported other than gold specie. i1 I Note: (a) Imports other than gold specie, (b) Exports other than gold specie. 622 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Value of principal exports during 1914, 1916 and 1918: Articles 1914 1916 1918 Beans and peas $443,231 11.380.680 678,643 12,478,314 1,373,146 4,357,304 2,420,811 2,215,299 1,745,219 106.143 199,356 593,572 2,056.315 28.182.982 541.238 807.498 422.198 4,169,773 302,137 3,379,045 180,138 45,346,602 4.429.832 $127,801,332 $187,579 12.810,054 957.654 17.102,389 1.589,170 5.835.965 1.651,413 4.874.895 2.947,483 85.806 171,023 534,702 1.856.458 34.887.690 1,214.284 146.968 371.825 4,465,661 414,193 3.821,853 374,269 60,276.829 5,412,716 $161,990,879 $346,894 Butter 16,556,918 Csusings 1.254,929 Cheese 19,890,252 Coal 1,105,805 Gold (a) Gum kauri 765.564 Hemp 6.753.549 Hides 2.589,182 Hops 54,670 Leather 136,724 Live stock 325,666 Lumber 2,707,278 Meat, frozen 24,127.795 Meat. Dotted and preserved 2,223.621 Oats 4.244 Rabbit skins 1,458,806 S^if^P skin»». ,,.,-■,,,.,.,,..,, 1 8,825,891 Silver 834,381 Tallow 4.124,933 Tow 99,199 Wool 36.631.440 All other articles 7,748,582 Total (b) $138,566,323 Notk: (a) Not available for publication. (b) Excluding gold. Production and Industry Agriculture: About 17,000,000 acres of land are under forest. In 1918, 17,386,160 acres were under cultivation, of which 17,296,118 acres were in growth and 90,042 acres in fallow. In the same 3rear 217,743 acres under wheat produced 6,761,249 bushels; 177,524 acres under oats produced 6,371,000 bushels and 29,646 acres under barley produced 738,000 bushels. There were in 1917, 126,398 persons engaged in agriculture, the raising of livestock and dairying. The livestock in 1918 was composed of 378,991 horses, 2,888,214 head of cattle, 26,538,302 sheep, 258,269 pigs and 3,468,000 poultry. Wool production in 1918 amounted to 208,891,483 pounds. The largest land holdings are on the South Island. Number and size of land holdings in New Zealand in 1917: Sixe of Holdings Number of Holdings Acres Sise of Holdings Number of Holdings Acres 1 to 10 acres 11 " 50 " 51 " 100 " 101 " 200 " 201 •• 320 " 321 •• 640 " 641 " 1.000 •• 15.832 13,097 9,399 12,609 8,157 9,800 4,022 72.071 368,068 730.703 1.873.968 2.096.827 4.465,009 3,242,427 1,001 to 5,000 acres 6,001 •• 10.000 •• 10.001 " 20,000 •• 20.001 •• 50.000 " 50.001 acres and over .... Total 5.540 562 281 173 64 10.911.716 3.929.618 3.975.105 6.442,567 5.636.640 79,536 42,744,719 NEW ZEALAND 623 Mineral Production: Metals and minerals obtained during the year 1916 and total value of all mineral products since 1853: Mineral 1916 Quantity Value Total value since 1853 292,620 o» 787.053 o» $5,810,570 413.639 $417,119,700 10.602,056 93,355 184,689 267,013 300,8.-)8 2,279 en) 266 tons 238,480 979,533 64.341 7,335 tons 2,257,135 tons 5,456 tons 71,024 6,274,401 1,651,826 1.092.902 116.159.326 86.877.467 35.167 $14,459,940 $633,778,686 Gold Silver Copper ore . . Chrome ore . . Antimony . . . Manganese. . Hematite Scheelite (timgsten) Sulphur Mixed minerals Coal Kauri-Gum. ... Shale Total Gold output for the years 1900, 1905, 1910 and 1914: 1900 1905 1910 1914 Fine ounces— 338,912 Value— $72,987,674 Fine ounces — ^992.954 Value— $85,753,951 Fine ounces — 446,431 Value— $65,367,767 Fine ounces — 210.787 Value— $46,778,987 Annual exports of tungsten ore, 1907-1916: Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1907 . .... 137 68 68 143 138 135 $75,262 29.427 20,718 73.240 57.605 64.866 1913.. 221 204 194 266 $111,454 1908 . ... 1914 104,480 1909 1915 135,130 1910 1916 238.480 1Q11 Total 1912 1.564 $910,662 Coal output, 1907-1916: Year Tons Year Tons 1907 1,831,009 1,860.975 1,911,247 2.197,362 2.066,073 1912 2,177.615 1908. . 1913 1,888,005 1909.. 1914 2,275,614 1910 1915 2.208,624 1911... 1916 2,257,135 ' f 624 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS NEW ZEALAND 625 Manufactures: Number of factories, number of employees, value of the annual output and the value of land, buildings, machinery, etc., of concerns engaged in each line of manufacturing in New Zealand: Description of Manufactories Number of works Number of employees Value of product Value of land, buildings, machinery, etc. Animal Food: Meat freezing and preserving works Ham and bacon curing works Fish curing and preserving works Butter and cheese factories , Condensed milk factories Vegetable Food: Grain mills Biscuit factories Fruit preserving Sugar-boiling and confectionery works . . , . Sugar-refining works Baking powder factories Drinks, narcotics, and stimulants : Breweries Malthouses Colonial wine making Aerated water factories Coffee and spice works Tobacco and cigarette works Sauces, pickles, and vinegar factories Animal matters not otherwise classed : Soap and candle factories Glue factory Sausage casing factories Boiling down and manure works Workings in wood: ■ Cooperages Sawmills, sash and door factories Woodenware and turnery factories Vegetable products for fodder: Chaff cutting establishments Seed dressing establishments Paper manufacture: Paper mills Paper bag and box factories Gas works Electric light and supply works Electric tramways Processes relating to stone, clay, glass, etc.: Lime and cement works Brick tile and pottery works Glass beveling and leadlights Electroplating works Pumice works Concrete and fibrous plaster works Metals other than gold or silver: Tinned plate ana sheet-metal factories. . . Iron and brass foundries, engineering, etc. Range-making works Wirework factories Books and publications: Printing offices Musical instruments factories Ornaments, minor art products: Picture frame makers _. Basket and perambulator factories Jewelers and watchmakers Eauipment for sports and games: Billiard table factories Designs, medals, types and dies: Rubber stamp making and engraving . . . . Ammunition and explosives. Machines, tools and implements: Agricultural machinery works Brush and broom factories 45 28 14 348 4 53 12 16 22 1 7 55 18 2 143 11 2 20 18 2 16 34 21 292 73 11 22 3 12 56 42 9 16 74 13 8 1 22 115 164 10 11 266 4 28 22 73 6 5 16 12 5,982 199 79 1,814 94 388 920 278 463 297 68 735 87 8 505 62 6 168 244 52 239 351 390 5,870 781 35 46 146 152 598 223 1,954 550 855 100 29 55 86 475 2,783 235 53 4,202 12 48 114 247 41 15 162 756 165 $61,301,692 2,551,349 303.895 36.571,034 716,923 9,670,543 2.166.384 740,019 823.663 "596",46i 3,088,471 836,615 **i,394',6ii 219,151 381,64 i 2,346,477 660.148 2,069.561 938,317 9.226.636 1,174,148 205.758 748.080 228.147 3.909,4.52 1,48B.552 3,697.939 1.285.990 1,136,773 201.257 43,808 139,729 1,459.880 4,900,663 407.141 136.104 8,249,271 12.956 105.146 151.994 476.663 97,953 26.841 473.407 1,294,003 313.654 $13,201,265 631.824 140,896 6,713.761 43.246 1,932.192 884,942 327.165 355.499 ' ■ " 89,761 2.540.690 364,543 ' 1,1*15,224 137,372 ■■ '309,319 357,686 ' ■ " "8i2',493 1,224,423 1,661,881 11,321,145 829,752 76,107 287,296 154,756 6.716,546 4,143.027 8,384.671 1.592.879 1,702,001 102,166 63,991 114,4 14 948.883 2.567,424 262.035 85,103 7,144.154 19.857 103,843 86,077 411.194 313.197 34.666 170.654 684.608 151.053 Table Continued: Description of Manufactories Number of works Number of employees Value of Product Value of land, buildings, machinery, etc. Carriages and vehicles: Coach building works Motor and cycle works Harness, saddlery and leatherware: Saddlery and harness factories Leather goods makers •, • • • ■ Tanning, fellmongery and wool-ecounng works . Ships, boats and their equipment: Snip and boat building yards Sail, tent and oil skin factories Fumitore: Ftirniture and cabinet making worka Venetian blind works Mattress factories Wool rug and mat making Chemicals and by products: Varnish and paint factories Ink factories •• • • Chemical works Sheep-dip factories Match factories Boot pyolish factories Starch manufactories Textile fabrics: Woolen mills Flock mills Clothing, waterproof, and boot and shoe factories Hosiery factories Umbrella factories Fibrous materials: Rope and twine works Bag and sack factories Flax mills Miscellaneous Totals . 313 172 151 12 59 31 41 257 5 19 7 4 1 24 2 2 4 5 10 4 249 10 5 10 4 76 910 4,670 1,393 649 587 61 1,187 402 236 1,821 22 123 21 19 5 213 5 136 19 25 1,897 21 5,831 127 37 235 74 1,257 5,991 57,823 $2,370,824 920.882 1,261,204 193.228 13,390,675 636,021 475,794 2,811.801 37,402 287,750 41.849 64,088 617,268 82.090 90.120 3,487.720 94.429 8,309,188 305,344 83.821 764,632 451.498 2,287.718 7.625.704 $220,907,334 $1,804,799 1,378.333 761,076 63,857 1,282.430 437.506 214.243 1,961,725 31.400 153.819 27,225 52.706 *35*2,26i 22.069 29.722 2.083,002 16.164 2.497.753 82.211 31.031 336,033 36,644 2.148,917 5,373,449 $106,684,416 Note: ♦Omitting returns of value for industries of which less than four of any sort were found in the returns. Mileage of Continued on page 625 Railways, Telegraphs, Post Offices: Mileage of railways 1918, 3,012, of which 29 miles were privately owned, telegraph line, 13,687; of wire, 50,291. Money, Weights and Measures: As in Great Britain. Language: English only is employed. Local Advertising Media: The most important advertising media in New Zealand are the daily and weekly newspapers which circulate in the rural districts as well as in the cities. Posters and electric display signs are extensively employed as media. Shipping Routes: American & Australian S. S. Line. United States & Australasia S. S. Co. Commonwealth & Dominion Line, Ltd. Luckenbach Steamship Co., Inc. Shipments to New Zealand may also be made via the Western Pacific or Canadian Pacific Railways, for transshipment at San Francisco or Vancouver, or via England. h « I 626 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Customs Tariff: The tariff of New Zealand enumerates upward of 500 classes of merchandise, in some cases applying ad valorem and in others, specific duties. There is a preferential tariff in favor of articles "the produce and manufacture of any part of the British Dominions." There are many exemptions from duty. The duty on advertising matter including catalogues is lOd ($0.20) per pound. Consular Representation: United States consular officials are stationed at Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin and Wellington. British consular officials are charged with the interests of New Zealand in the United States. Consular Regulations; Manufacturer's invoices should accompany goods shipped by export conmaission houses. No consular documents are required. Cable Rates: Via Pacific, from New York or New England states, $0.68 per word. Postal Rates: United States domestic letter rates. Mail Time: Via San Francisco, 24 days from New York. Parcels Post: Service extends to New Zealand. Money Orders: Issued. International Reply Coupons: Issued. Attached to New Zealand are the following islands: AUCKLAND ISLANDS An uninhabited group of islands about 200 miles south of Stewart Island. Area of largest island about 300 square miles. CHATHAM ISLANDS A group of islands 535 miles east of New Zealand. Population, 1916, 477, of whom 220 were Europeans. COOK ISLANDS A group of islands with a total area of about 280 square miles and a total population of 12,797. Products are copra (1,000 tons in 1917), coffee, pearl shells and fruit. In 1917 about 87,000 cases of bananas, 63,000 cases of oranges and 17,000 cases of tomatoes were exported. The trade is principally with New Zealand. Imports, 1917, $452,660; exports, $298,767. The tariff of New Zealand appUes. KERMADEC ISLANDS Six hundred miles north-east of New Zealand, with an area of 15 square miles, the Campbell, Antipodes, Bounty and three Kings Islands are all uninhabited. SMALL BRITISH ISLANDS— TONGA 627 SMALL BRITISH ISLANDS The smaller British islands include Ducie Island; Pitcaim Island with an area of two anuare mUes and a population of 140, aU descendants of a ship-wrecked expedition of Sventh-day Adventists; Dudoza Island; the Phoenix Islands, ^th a total area of sixteen Z^^ mUeB and a population of sixty; Victoria Island; the Gilbert and EUice Islands Colony which include three groups, the Tokelan group with an area of seven square mdes, and a^opulation 914, the EUice Islands, with an area of fourteen square miles and a ^pulation of 3,090, the Gilbert Islands, ^-ith an area of 166 square miles aiid a population of about 30,000. Products are copra and phosphate. Imports m 1917, ^^^'^;r'rairpoSl!* of Great Britain are Starbuck Island, an unmhabited island with an area of one square mUe; Jarvis Island, with about the same area and a population of thirty; and Pahnyra and the Baker Islands. These are coral islands and are of value only for cocoanut growing and some guano deposits. TONGA, OR FRIENDLY ISLANDS Three groups of islands in the Pacific ruled by a native queen, but under the protector- ate of Great Britain. Total area about 385 square miles; population, 1911, 23,011 Tongans, 380 Europeans and 346 Pacific islanders. The capital and principal town is Nukualofa with a DODulation of about 23,000 Tongans, and 359 Europeans. The only product of the SandsrcCa the total exp<;rts of which in 1917 amomited to $584,538, of which amount ^2 26^worth was exported to the United States. Total imports, 1917, $555,M9; exports, $601 473 For trade of the United States with the Tonga Islands, see under Fiji Islands Lee' 617 Principal imports are clothing, flour, crackers, other foodstuffs, hardware and timber. Currency and weighte and measures as in Great Britain. Steamship comiections fortnightly with New Zealand. Cables: Mail from Auckland or Sydney. Postal rates: Postal Union rates. Mail time: About thirty days. Parcel post: Service does not extend to Tonga Islands. Money orders: Not issued. International reply coupons: Not issued. f I 628 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS DUTCH EAST INDIES (See Map, Page 644) The Dutch East Indies comprise the islands of Java and Madura, Sumatra, Celebes, a large part of Borneo, part of New Guinea, Ceram, the Moluccas and Timor. The most important island commercially is Java, which is about half as large as Colorado; following Java in importance are Sumatra, Celebes and Borneo. In general, the climate is tropical and equable the year roimd, but there are two seasons, the dry in June, July and August, and the rainy in December, January and February. The principal products of the Dutch East Indies are sugar, tobacco, copra, cofifee, tea, petroleum, tin, coal, cinchona, rice, pepper, rubber, and various gums. The principal agricultural estates are in the west of Java, which with Sumatra is the center of tobacco, tea, and coffee production. There are large cotton plantations on the island of Flores. The mineral resources of Sumatra include coal, petroleum, gold, and tin. Manu- facturing is relatively unimportant, the principal industries being those connected with the mines and with agriculture. At the beginning of the war the United States acquired a great portion of the trade of the Dutch East Indies and during the fiscal year 1919 our exports to the Dutch East Indies were 7.4 per cent, of our total exports to Asia. Area and Population There are no absolutely accurate statistics with respect to area and population, no census having been taken since 1905. An official estimate was made in 1917, and a new census will be taken in 1920. Area in square miles, and population according to official estimate: Java and Madura Island of Sumatra: Sumatra, West Coast . Tapanceli Sumatra, East Coast . Benkulen Lampongs Palembang Djambi Atjeh Riau Lingga Archipelago . BUliton Borneo, West Coast Borneo, South and East Districts. Island of Celebes: Celebes Menado Molucca Islands: Amboina (1) Ternate (2) Timor Archipelago Bali and Lombok Approximate Total . Area Square Miles Population 50,567 34.157.383 15.494 1.288,624 16,167 765.238 35,312 894.140 9,399 229.845 11.284 171.572 32,574 760,548 19,038 207.265 20,471 709.841 16,301 199,649 4,446 154,178 1,863 59,481 55,825 673.637 156,912 940.866 49,390 2.352.048 22,680 742.026 1 195,653 / 360,934 \ 200.135 17,698 1,091.349 4,065 1,344,880 735.000 47,000,000 Hote: (1) Including West and South New Guinea. (2) Including North New Guinea. Population of the principal cities of Java: Cities Europeans Natives Chinese, Arabs and other Orientals Total Batavia (1917) 20,766 8,826 15,000 1,572 180.140 81,061 119.733 109,524 30,557 20,028 22,469 7,282 231.463 Samarane f 1916) 109,915 Soerabava (1915) 157,202 Soerakarta (1905) 118,378 DUTCH EAST INDIES 629 Commerce Total foreign trade of the United States with the Dutch East Indies for seven years: Year Ended June 30 Exports Domestic Foreign Total Imports Free Dutiable Total Per Cent. Free Excess of Exports (♦) or Imports (-) 1913.. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. $3,151,493 3.676,793 2,768,936 7,313,206 21,099,816 19,724.377 $200 102 2,843 87,820 39,489 53.127 $3,151,693 3,676,895 2,771,779 7,401,026 21,139,305 19,777,504 44,845,561 $5,534,641 4,698,938 8,372.701 25.371,938 56,163,131 70,330,286 $687,323 635,423 873,083 2,344,651 5,848,105 8,983,947 $6,221,954 5,334,361 9,245,784 27,716.589 62,011,236 79,314,233 71.036,606 88.95 88.09 90. 56 91.54 90.57 88.67 $-3,065,261 -1,657.466 -6,474,005 -20.315,563 -40,871,931 -59,536.729 -26,191,045 Foreign trade of the Dutch East Indies in 1918: T„»«»-ra $223,500,000 ^iJSSS;v.v:::::::::::::::::::::::::: • 217,800,000 ToUl $441,300,000 Trade with the United States during the years 1914 to 1918: Year Imports from U. S. Exports to U. S. 1914 1916 1916 1917 1918 $2,480,000 4,600,000 70,120,000 18,960,000 24,200,000 $4,360,000 10,640,000 27,400,000 56,720,000 80,030.000 Principal imports from the U. S. during 1917: Iron and steel ware Automobiles ,• • • • i" Machinery and electrical appliances Kerosene Foodstuffs and beverages Tin plate Artificial fertilisers T^Aain •••*•• •••••••< Tir^, automobile and bicycle Dry goods, thread, clothing, etc Paper, paper articles, etc LuDricating oil :••.••;•*•:.: i i- 'J Chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hospital supphes All other Total. $5,640,000 3,280,000 2,000.000 1,280,000 720.000 680.000 640,000 520,000 520.000 400,000 400,000 360.000 320.000 . 2,200,000 .$18,960,000 Value of principal exports from Java during the years 1913 to 1918: Articles 1913 Tea Coffee Rubber Sugar Fibres Tapioca Cinchona bark . Kapoc Hides. $8,617 6,053 3,615 61,172 1,260 3,600 1,740 2,354 2.930 1914 1915 $10,723 $18,566 5,234 9,683 4,110 8,800 73,020 85,300 1,600 2,025 2,430 2,734 1,580 1,390 2,100 2.390 1,420 1,360 1916 1917 1918 $17,826 6,400 16,404 103,500 2,035 3,170 2,176 2,050 1,800 $14,886 2,846 20,500 84,900 2,980 4,364 1,099 2.104 4,257 $6,606 909 11,500 73.500 3.091 2.070 995 1.840 1.315 L i 1 630 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS DUTCH EAST INDIES 631 Exports from Sumatra, 1913-1918: 1913 $47,500,000 1914 42.500.000 1915 49.000,000 1916 $53,000,000 1917 48,000,000 1918 45,000,000 Value of foreign trade of Borneo from 1913 to 1918: Year Imports Exports Year Imports Exports 1913 1914 1915 $7,760,000 6,744,000 6,053,000 $25,600,000 29,450.000 33.040.000 1916. 1917, 1918 $6,720,000 9.920.000 9.440.000 $37,400,000 32.760.000 43,800.000 Value of foreign trade of Celebes from 1913 to 1918: Year Imports Exports Year Imports Exports 1913 $8,400,000 7.000.000 6.065.000 $11,680,000 11.720,000 9,920.000 1916 1917 1918 $5,400,000 6,012.000 6,600.000 $8,604,000 1914 7.240.000 1915 5.900.000 Value of imports from principal countries of origin exclusive of government imports, bullion and specie: Countries 1910 1912 1913 1914 The Netherlands $38,772,498 16,332,456 2,090,400 5,021,784 25,229,922 14.078.040 6.982,338 4.189.644 2.376.222 2.077.938 2,903.646 1,261.878 819.276 1,365.594 806.814 1,334.640 279,290 $52,211,358 25.551.522 2.895.606 8.307.230 26.343.110 14.984.952 108.942 5.383.584 3.478.154 2.359.790 3.145,650 1.970.202 1.713.726 1,762,770 1.262.682 877,164 372,704 1,206 41,808 345.720 214.668 20.100 213,462 133,464 115,776 73,516 $58,394,118 30.781.542 3.631.266 11.567.952 27.274.494 9,143.892 6.255.120 5.408,910 4,250.346 3.710.862 2.995.302 2.721.138 1.752.318 2.491.596 1,379.664 1,681,968 427.326 402 65,124 206,426 176.174 51.054 242.004 143.112 123.414 82,812 $49,876,140 Orpftt Britain 28.265.022 United States 3.996.586 0*>rmanv 8.747,118 SinffRnorft 23,690,664 BritiHh India (including Pondicherry) Ti'rftnph Indo China 6,6091,506 5,894,526 Penang 6.091.452 AiiRtraJia 4.136,982 China 3,780,006 Honar Konjr 2,540,640 JanAn Hnnludinff Formosa^ 2,651,592 Italy 2.327,178 Belgium 1,622.070 France 1,071.330 Siam 1.197.558 Switzerland 504.510 Russia 336,278 Egypt 17,286 143.514 175.272 12.060 133.464 117,786 339.288 Portuiruese Timor 272.154 Austria 188.538 British Borneo 150.348 Sweden 141.906 Malacca 128,640 Dairen 119,796 PhiliPDins Islands 57,084 43,416 Persia 36,582 Denmark 4.824 8.844 46.230 154,368 12,060 47.436 14,470 30.954 39,396 6.030 11,256 58,290 328,132 32,562 Portugal 28,944 Spain 13,266 Cncna And Chriafmiui TalAndM 12,060 Arabia 4.020 402 6.834 12.864 38,190 241.602 8,844 Norway 5.628 Other countries 441.798 Value of principal imports: Articles 1910 1913 1914 Soft goods Rice , Machinery and steam engmes Iron and steel and hardware . Foodstuffs Earthenware Cement Glass and glassware Miscellaneous wares Artificial fertilizers Dj'es Lamps Matches Coal Jute bags Soap $27,122,136 30,403,310 4,938.570 10.197.132 11,901.210 1,254.240 925,806 701,490 2.019.648 3.173.388 138,690 399,186 1,062,486 1,518.756 1,640,964 • 502.500 $45,247,914 22.382.958 12,132.360 16,896.462 12.294,366 2.298.636 1.597.548 1,043.994 3.218,010 4.771,740 495,324 719,982 1,470,918 1,907,490 2,517.726 943,092 $40,735,866 17.347.900 9.912,114 13,713,426 11,224.644 1.518.354 1,300,470 971,232 2,063,466 5,587,800 299,088 463.506 1,378.056 2.329,992 2.575.212 1.042.788 Value of exports exclusive of government exports and bullion and specie to principal countries of destination: Countries 1910 1912 The Netherlands Singapore Great Britain British India (inc. Pondicherry) Hong Kong France Australia Japan (inc. Formosa) Penang China Egypt (inc. Suez and Port Said for orders) Umted States Germany Malacca Siam Italy Belgium Philippine Islands French Indo China Russia Austria Denmark British Borneo Portuguese Timor Canada Turkey Arabia Norway Spain Cocos and Christmas Islands Portugal (including Azores) Persia Switzerland Sweden Other European countries All other countries $35,914,278 29.152.638 5,202,684 23,303,538 11,668.050 9,141,882 2,770,182 6,797,016 5,808,498 3,224,442 8,350,344 7,004,046 4,608,930 1,866,084 277,380 883.194 648,024 8,040 19,296 107,334 1.550.112 229.140 109.344 87.636 1,164,896 24,924 58.692 4.824 80.802 10.050 5.628 61.858 506.922" $63,658,710 35,969.754 11.020.830 23.101.734 8.776,464 10.994.650 5.570,514 8.629.734 15,108,768 4,457.376 7.435,392 6.522.048 5.999.046 281.802 387,126 1,043,592 1,064.094 100,902 253,260 170,046 2,007,186 282,606 31.356 45,024 1,976,634 85,626 26,130 5,226 68,742 6,030 41,406 5,628 3,618 2,010 461,094 1913 $69,391,632 44,087,742 9,621,468 35,737,448 13,745.586 10.739.430 5,164.494 14.396.424 7.651,668 7,114,998 2,604,156 5,359,062 5,751,414 842,994 916,168 1,014,246 1,247,406 324,012 448,230 629,078 1,712,922 357,378 86,832 101,304 315,570 38,190 123,816 2,814 62,310 . 7.638 8,442 66,732 3,216 10.854 6.504.762 637.974 1914 $60,020,610 42,673.908 42.649.386 27,095,604 9,501.672 8,156.580 8,063,718 7.709,958 7,514,586 7,437.000 3.270.672 6.554,208 2.672.094 2.202.156 1.220.472 1,174.644 703.902 648,024 576,468 470.742 436.170 325,974 147.936 63,918 61,104 27,738 21,708 18,894 11,658 4.422 3,216 804 1,608 8,559.786 1.612.422 632 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Value of principal exports: Articles 1910 1913 1914 Sugar Java tea Rubber and gum Coffee Tobacco Copra Java Rice Pepper Maize Cassava products Tin Kapoc Wood Skins Cinchona bark Coca Petroleum Gum damar Arachides Cocao Copal Gambir Nutmeg Cocoanut oil Rattan Indian nuts Fibres, other than kapoc $57,009,728 4,624,276 6,822,744 4,762,092 15.196,404 IH.971.234 3,412,982 3.897,792 343,308 1.542,876 13,040.076 1,846.386 1,545.690 2.787.468 1,567.800 278.586 7.876.386 1.932.012 1,270.320 609.432 729.228 1,237,356 1,037.160 281.400 2.842.140 1,313,334 605,412 $62,957,220 8.660.643 12.389.640 5.211,428 37.043.898 22,126.482 3.632.070 4,179.594 1.157.358 3,657,798 23.338.110 2,650.788 1,606.598 3,708,852 1,956,132 332,454 15,941.310 1.124.796 1,235.748 691,038 711.540 1.262.682 601,392 270,546 2.921.334 1.567,800 2.194.518 $74,728,584 10.845.308 12.312,054 9,049,422 26.142,462 24,494.262 2,467.878 4.546.218 1.895.028 2.458.632 15.600.414 2.478,732 1,292,028 1,846,386 1,744,680 233,160 20,582.802 1,170,222 1,065,702 483,606 548,328 1,155.750 397.980 487,726 1.974,624 2.682.546 1,938,846 Production and Industry In 1915, 781 companies and Europeans held 1,230,208 acres; 88 Chinese held 67,650 acres and 5 natives held 1,554 acres. The principal native crops are rice (4,030,469 acres in 1917), maize (1,303,680 acres 1917) and cassava (1,021,824 acres in 1917). Production of principal crops in 1918, according to the estimate published by the Netherlands East India government: Crops Number of Estates Estimate 1918 Cocoa... . Tea Rubber . . Coffee Cinchona Rubber.. Tea Coffee... Rubber. . Cinchona Rubber. . 26 estates in Java and Madura. . 206 estates in Java and Madura . 206 estates in Java and Madura . 246 estates in Java and Madura. 66 estates in Java and Madura. . 193 estates in Sumatra 11 estates in Sumatra 62 estates in Sumatra 7 estates in Celebes 3 estates in Celebes 3 estates in Sumatra 10 estates in Borneo Pounds 2,033,880 70,061,403 40,351.496 84,821.296 13,930,180 51,553,550 7,807,293 16.011,824 258.200 26,740 171,600 2,684,820 DUTCH EAST INDIES 633 ^ A <.hn„t 15 400 tons The coal production of Java, Sumatra and Borneo in 1917 was ^l%ltl iTgeH o^deposits have been reported in Celebes with a total estimated quaS "■ iS W tons.'^The production of that mineral in 1917 amounted to 1,921,665 short tons. ThP Roval Dutch Oil Company holds most of the oU concessions in the Islands. In 1917 theXSmtd 29 appLt'ions for concessions, and early in 1918, 6 concessions were granted. Production of the company's oU wells during 1916 and 1917 stated in tons: 1916 1917 1916 1917 South Sumatra, North Sumatra Borneo 264,522 206,024 957.025 266.050 317.334 869.123 Java Ceram . . . Total 228,025 3,263 1,658,859 232,636 2.248 1.687.391 An independent oil company produced 132,434 tons of oil in 1916, and 125,078 tons in 1917. Gold is found in Sumatra, the Celebes, and in Dutch Borneo. In 1914 58 conces- sions^d ^n Snted for pros^cting, and working of gold and sUver mmes Thel^bo'^g ^W ^;!^^ur46 miles north of Benkulen, Sumatra, is most producUve, extendmg sometimes to a length of 2}i mUes. Gold production in Sumatra and the Celebes from 1911 to 1918^ ^ Year Sumatra Celebes Year Sumatra Celebes 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 $2,586,669 2,266.476 2,028.894 2.723.831 1,654.632 $649,230 573,051 305.520 492.168 456.270 1916 1917 1918 Total $1,179,066 1,705,485 1.498.053 $15,643,106 $416,070 333.700 338.765 $3,564,775 Manufacturing is developing, but is as yet relatively unimportant. There is some shipbuS, a me'tal foundry; many repair shops, and paper, ^^^^'^^ ^'^^^^^ :^l\l^^ ?uiLui^ af; made on a small scale. Ice is manuactured in large quantities. The batik process of dyeing is highly developed m Java. In 1917 there were 396,548 acres planted to sugar, the total production being 1,822,118 tons, and the number of factories in operation being 185. The principal mineral product of the Dutch East Indies is tin, mined at Banca by the government, and at Billiton and Rian by private companies. The production of Billiton tin in 1918 was 7,565 tons (20,300 tons in 1916; 15,000 tons in 1917). Banca in 1918 pro- 634 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Details of the manufacturing industries of the Dutch East Indies: Industries Java and Madura Other Teritories Total Enter- prises Work- men Enter- prises Work- men Enter- prises Work- men I. Building Materials: Cement factories 1 1 21 450 40 204 1 34 100 6 273 1 16 1 87 41 1 7 68 47 70 2 50 2 579 1 3 10 2 23 46 150 13 1 273 131 31 26 11 8 1 5 92 15 2 1 18 450 Cement tiles, concrete, limestone, sandstone and similar work 33 79 6 207 1 14 1 68 41 1 7 50 36 70 2 32 2 579 1 3 10 2 22 38 113 12 1 206 20 23 19 11 6 1 2 70 12 2 1 18 2.187 2,160 146 2.937 56 588 6 616 2.136 120 138 872 1.246 1.954 92 619 305 7,606 42 43 395 32 276 976 6.617 2.691 75 2,835 876 435 3,123 350 118 50 120 4,733 1,141 19 60 169 2.227 Lime kilns 2.364 Marble (wlishing shops 146 Tileries, brick kilns and potteries 66 1.232 4,169 Looking glass manufactory and glass- cutting shops 56 II. Manufacture of Food and Drinks: Arac and spirit distilleries 2 18 606 Breweries 6 Bread and biscuit bakeries and confec- tionery 19 202 818 Cassava flour and tapioca factories 2.136 Preserved food factories 120 Coffee roasteries 138 Aerated water and lemonade factories Grease-oil factories 18 11 150 286 1.022 1.532 Cigar and cigarette factories 1.954 Cattle food factories 92 Ice factories 18 197 816 III. Chemical Industry: Alkaloid extract works 305 Batik and dye works 7,606 Explosives factories 42 Manufactory of compressed gases (carbonic acid, oxygen) 43 Iodine distilleries 395 Sodium bisulphate and other chemicab .... 32 Soap factories 1 8 37 1 15 138 603 334 291 rV. Metal Industry: Automobile repair shops 1,114 Constructional workshops, factories of elec- trical articles, machine works, metal work- shops, repair shops, forges 7,220 Railway and tramway work and repair shops Screw and nut factories 3.025 75 v. Woodwork Industry: Furniture makers, carpentry shops, etc ... . Saw mills 67 111 8 7 758 2.620 107 561 3,503 3,496 Carriage and coach works 542 VI. Shipbuilding Industry: Shipyards 3.684 350 VII. Fibre Industry: Plaiting of hats, making of rattan furniture, etc VIII. Leather Industry: Tanneries 2 292 410 IX. Various Industries: Pasteboard factories 50 Diamond cutters 3 22 3 i95 585 64 315 Printers and Bookbinders 5,318 Electrical and gas works 1,205 Artificial manure factories 19 Paper mills 60 Firework factories 169 Total 1,832 2 1 1 1 1 2 49.000 2.860 3.400 92 252 950 1.650 427 3 9.051 750 2,250 5 1 1 1 1 2 58,051 X. Government Industries and Enterprises: Workshops of railway and tramway material Marine establishment 3,810 3,400 Workshops cnnn*»<^t.'^d with m^irine signalling 92 Government printing offices 7 252 Opium factory 950 Salt-packing works 1,650 Total of private and government enter- prises 1,831 58,204 430 10,001 2,261 68 205 DUTCH EAST INDIES 635 Railways, Telegraphs and Post Offices: In 1917 the total length of railways and tramways was 2,402 miles; length of telegraphs and cables, 13,142 miles. Postal and telegraph stations numbered 973, of which 603 were in Java and Madura and 370 on other islands. Money, Weights and Measures: The legal coins and weights and measures are those of the Netherlands. Other weights in use are the Amsterdamisch Pond of 1.09 pounds, the picul of 133i pounds, the catty of U pounds and the Tjengkal, equivalent to 4 yards. Consular representatives: « u t n * - United States consular representatives are stationed at Soerabaya, Java; ^atavia; and Macassar, Celebes. Consular officials of The Netherlands are charged with the interests of the Dutch East Indies in the United States. Language: i /= • i i English is ordinarily used for commercial correspondence; the official language is Dutch. Local Advertising Media: . There are several good daily papers printed in Dutch in Soerabaya and Batavia. Shipping routes: Independent S. S. Corp. Java-New York line. Kerr Steamship Co., Inc. Customs Tariff: ^ , . . . The customs tariff of the Dutch East Indies imposes ad valorem duties ranging from 6 to 10 per cent on some commodities, and a specific duty, based on weight or quantity, on others. Consular regulations: No consular documents are required. Cable rates: Via San Francisco, $1.00 per word from New York or New England states. Postal rates: Postal Union rates. Mail time: Via London, thirty-four daya. Money Orders: Issued. International reply coupons: Issued. Parcels Post : Service extends to Dutch East Indies. Parcels can not be registered. Two copies of "Customs Declarations" must accompany each parcel. Prohibitions: Firearms and parts thereof and salt, except table salt in bottles or packages. TIMOR An island of the Malay Archipelago owned jointly by HoUand and Portugal, the eastern portion jomtly with the territory of Ambeno and the neighboring island of Pulo Cambing being the Portugal possession of which DeUy is the port. Its population m 1915 was 377,815 (201,121 males and 176,694 females). Coffee, sandal wood, sandal root, copra and wax are its chief exports. Total imports and exports 1910, 1914-1916: Year Imports Exports Year Imports 1910. 1914. $476,418 42.621 $437,224 272,727 1915, 1916 $351,324 459,536 Exports $549,574 523,738 636 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS NEW CALEDONIA 637 FRENCH PACIFIC ISLANDS These comprise the Society Islands, the principal ones being Tahiti and Moorea, the Marquesas, the Leeward Islands, the Tuamotu Islands, and Gambier, Tubuai and Rapa Islands. The Marquesas Islands, the largest of which are Nukahiva and Hivaoa, have a total area of 480 square miles and a population of 3,425. The Tuamotu Islands consist of two parallel groups with a total population of 3,830. The more important of the Leeward Islands (lies sous le Vent) are Huahin^, with a population of 1,200; Rait^a and Tahaa, with a population of 3,350 and Bora-Bora-Maupiti, with a population of 1,300. The Gambier Islands have a total area of six square miles and a population of 1,530; Mangareva is the principal island. The Tubai islands, and Rapa have a total area of about 120 square miles and a population of about 3,000. United States statistics of foreign commerce include trade with these islands and with New Caledonia in the general classification of trade with French Oceania. Daring the calendar year 1919 United States exports to French Oceania were valued at $1,289,293 and imports from at $2,307,201. The most important of the French Pacific Islands is Tahiti, with an area of 600 square miles and population of 1 1 ,691 . The principal town and seat of government is Papeete, with a population of 3,617, of whom 1,900 are French. The principal products are pearl, mother of pearl, copra, sugar, tropical fruits, and vanilla. Imports (1913); $1,638,199; exports, $1,655,889. The chief industries are sugar refining, the distillation of mm and the preparation of cocoanuts. The principal exports are copra, pearls and mother of peari, oranges and vanilla. Tahiti has steamship connection with San Francisco, New Zealand and Austraha. Moorea, about fifty miles distant, has an area of fifty square miles and a population of 1,560. NEW CALEDONIA AND DEPENDENCIES The island of New Caledonia is a French possession. Area, 7,650 square miles; popula- tion (1911) 50,608, of whom 28,025 were Negro, 13,138 free, and 5,671 convicts in the penal establishment. The capital and principal town, Noumea, has a population of about 10,030. Immigration is from Java, Tonkin, and the Pacific Islands. There are about 500 square miles of forest reserve being worked for timber, about 1,500 square miles under cultivation to cocoanuts, coffee, cassava, maize, tobacco and fruits, and about an equal amount to pasture land, on which about 200,000 head of cattle and 5,000 sheep are grazed. For trade of the United States with New Caledonia, see under French Pacific Islands, above. Local industries include meat preserving, grain, coffee and cotton cleaning, tobacco making, rum distilling, and two blast furnaces for smelting nickel ore. In 1917 the large tobacco factory at Noumea treated 9,743 pounds of tobacco. The 1917 output of rum at the St. Louis distillery near Noumea was 1,654 gallons. Mining claims cover 448,907 acres. The mineral exports in 1917 consisted of 35,200 tons of nickel ore and 46,081 tons of chrome ore, valued at $2,726,914. The blast furnaces produced 6,950 tons of steel. Imports, 1917, $3,488,480; exports, $3,858,840. Imports include coal, wine, flour, and rice; exports, minerals, copra, coffee, rubber and guano. There are ninety miles of railroad under con- struction, of which twenty have been completed. There is frequent coastal passenger and mail-boat service, and a tri-monthly steamer service to Sydney, Australia. There are 575 miles of telegraph and 110 of telephone Une. The dependencies of New Caledonia comprise the Isle of Pines, about thirty miles southeast; area sixty square miles, population 600; the Wallis Archipelago, northeast of Fiji with an area of forty square mOes, and a population of about 4,000; the Loyalty Islands about sixty miles east of New Caledonia, three large islands, Mar^, Uvea and Lifou, and a group of smaUer ones, with a total area of about 790 square miles, the products of which are copra and rubber; the islands of Fortuna and Alafi, south of the Wallis Archi- pelago, with about 2,000 inhabitants, and the barren Huon Islands, 170 miles northwest of New Caledonia. Cable rates: Via Pacific, $0.82 per word from New York or New England states. Postal rates: Postal Union rates. Money orders: Not issued. International reply coupons: Not issued. Parcel post: Does not extend to New Caledonia. NEW GUINEA The island of New Guinea, lying directly north of Australia includes British New Guinea (Territory of Papua), the former German New Guinea, and Dutch New Gumea. German New Guinea mcluded besides Kaiser Wilhehn's Land, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, the CaroUne Islands, the Marshall Islands and the Samoan Islands. At the present time Papua, Kaiser Wilhelm's Land, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands are for the purposes of administration attached to Australia. TERRITORY OF PAPUA (British New Guinea) The original British possession comprised the south eastern portion of the island of New Guinea and various groups of outlying islands, including the Louisiades and D'Emtre- casteaux islands. Area, 90,540 square miles of which 87,786 are on the mainland of New Guinea. The population is esthnated at 201,274, of whom about 200,000 are Papuans, 963 are white, and 311 are colored. In 1918 there were 57,593 acres of plantations, of which 42,625 acres are under cocoa- nuts, 8,311 acres under rubber, and 5,362 acres under sisal. The timber area is large, valukble, and easUy accessible. Cocoanut growing by natives is legally enforced. There are four ports; Port Moresby, Samarai, Daru and Bonagai. There are seven gold fields and one copper field. Copper output 1918, 1,112 tons valued at $58,239; gold, $170,044. Trade is carried on principally with New South Wales and Queensland. Im- port^, principally foodstuffs, tobacco, clothmg and hardware (1918), $1,379,229; exports, principally copra, sisal, gold, pearls, and peari shell, copper, timber, rubber, and man- grove bark (1918), $1,070,121. Currency, weights and measures and tariff as in Australia. For value of United States trade with Papua, see under Fiji Islands, page 617. KAISER WILBEIM'S LAND Area, with outlying islands, about 70,000 square miles; population estimated at 350,000. The area of cultivation in 1914 was 16,800 acres, the greater part of which was under cocoanuts. Rubber, cocoa, and tropical fruits are likewise grown. Minerals are abundant but unworked. Towns are Madang, with 243 whites, Morobe, with 40, and Eitape, with 60. 638 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SAMOAN ISLANDS 639 BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO The most important island is New Britain with an area of 10,000 square miles, a native population of 50,000, a German population of 600 and about 1,000 Chinese and Japanese. Principal port, Simpson Harbor, on which is Rabaul, the chief town, with a population of about 800. Cocoanuts are the principal products. New Ireland is situated north of New Britain, with a native population of about 30,000. The towns are Kaewieng with a European population of about 100, and Nomatanai, with a European population of about 50. There are about 200 Europeans on the islands. CJocoanuts are the principal product. The Admiralty Islands have a native population of about 4,000. The principal town, Lorengate, on Great Admiralty Island has a European population of about 50. Cocoanuts and pearls are the principal products. SOLOMON ISLANDS Germany formerly owned the island of Bougainville (area 350 square miles, population 15,000 natives), and Buka, (area 30 square miles, population 2,000 natives). Principal products are bananas, cocoanuts, sweet potatoes and taro. European population about 60. The group known as the British Solomon islands, includes the islands of Guadalcanar, Malaita, Isabel, San Cristoval, New Georgia, Choiseul, Shortland, Mono, Vella Lavella, Ronongo, Gizo, Rendova, Russell, Florida, Rennell, the Lord Howe Group, the Santa Cruz Islands, Tucopia and Mitre Islands, and the Duflf, or Wilson Group. Area 11,000 square miles. European population 660, native population about 150,000. Area under rubber, 300 acres. Other products are sweet potatoes, pineapples, bananas, and copra. Copra exports during 1917-18 were 6,943 tons. Currency, weights and measures are as in Great Britain, with the addition of a local paper currency issued in 1917-18. Shipping routes : See under Austraha. Constilar regulations: No consular documents are required. Cable rates: To Port Moresby, via San Francisco from New York or New England states, $0.70 per word. Mail rates : Postal Union rates. Mail time : About 25 days. Parcels post: Service extends to New Guinea. Regulations same as for Australia. Money orders: Issued. International reply coupons: Issued. A wireless station has been erected at Apia. The American island of Tutuila is seventy rnUes from Apia, and has a population of 5,885. The harbor and naval station is Pago Pago. Copra, oranges, lemons and limes are grown. Shipping routes: See Australia. Cable rates: s^n^e Apia (wireless from New Zealand) $0.83 per word; Tutuila (wireless from Suva) $0.75, from New York or New England states. Other islands by mail from Sydney, Australia. Postal rates: Postal Union rates. Mail time: Pago Pago, nineteen days. Parcel Post: . , t, i i Service extends to Samoan Islands. Parcels can not be registered. ParceU are mail- able to Apia, Samoa, at the rates and conditions appUcable to parcels to Great Bntam. Money orders: Not issued. International reply coupons: Not issued. I I 1 SAMOAN ISLANDS A group of islands the most important of which are Savaii, with an area of 660 square miles; Upolu with 600 square miles; Tutuila, 77 square miles, and Manua, twenty-five square miles. The latter two belong to the United States. Savaii and Opulo, with a total population of 41,128, of whom 1,668 are white, and include 660 British, 236 Americans and 530 Germans, were formerly in the possession of Germany. Imports, 1916-17, $1,463,700; exports, $1,557,367, exclusive of supplies for the military forces. Principal port, Apia, which has regular steamboat service from New Zealand. 640 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS UNITED STATES ISLANDS IN THE PACIFIC HAWAn A group of islands in the Pacific Ocean 2,080 miles southwest of San Francisco, and a territory of the United States. The total area of the group is but slightly larger than that of the combined states of Connecticut and Rhode Island, of which the island of Hawaii itself occupies very nearly as much area as the state of Connecticut. The principal city is Hondlulu. Agriculture is the principal industry. Sugar and pineapples are the chief products. The climate is tropical. Area and Population Area of the various islands constituting the group: Total area... Hawaii Maui Oaku Kauai . . . . Molokai... Lanai Niihau Kahoolaue 6,449 sq. miles 4.015 728 598 547 261 139 97 69 Population, showing division of races: Races Census of 1910 Estimated 1918 Races Censxis of 1910 Estimated 1918 Hawaiian Part Hawaiian. . Portuguese Spanish Porto Rican . . . . Other Caucasian 26,041 12,506 23,303 1,990 4,890 14,867 22,850 16,100 24,250 2,270 5,200 30,400 Chinese. . Japanese. Filipinos . All others . Total. 21,674 79,674 7,964 192,909 22,250 106,800 20,400 5,660 256,180 Honolulu, the capital, has a population of 71,950. Commerce Ten year table of Hawaiian imports and exports: Year Imports From United States From other countries Total Exports To United States To other countries Total 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 $17,780,778 20,560.101 21,925.177 24,652,905 30,646,089 25,773,412 25.004.764 31.127.577 44.330.475 43.646.515 $4,033,574 4.606.334 5.190.449 5.598.444 6.873,531 6.282,558 5.716,023 6.068,529 6.482.951 6.807.048 $21,814,352 25.166,435 27,115.626 30,251,349 37,519,620 32,055,970 30,720,787 37,19fM06 50,813,426 50,453,563 $40,432,945 $84,152 46,183,265 306,763 41,207.651 730,642 55,076,070 373,273 42,713,184 758,646 40,678,580 915,245 62.087.250 377,509 64,438,297 226,747 73,174,343 923,747 79,392,926 1,553,700 $40,517,097 46,490.028 41.938.293 55,449.343 43.471.830 41,593.825 62.464,759 64,665.044 74,098.090 80.946.626 HAWAII 641 Trade of the United States with the Hawauan Islands, showing principal domestic articles shipped from the United States; also the total of foreign articles re-shipped: Articles Agricultural implements. Animals: Cattle . All other Breadstuffs Rice •,' ; Cars, carriages, other vehicles, and parts of Chemicals, drugs, dyes, and medicmes Clocks and watches, and parts of Coal ; Copper, manufactures of Cotton, manufactures of Earthen, stone, and china ware EggB.. FiSre?v!^etai>ie.' knd tertile gr^'es! mMuf^tui^ of. Fish. Fruits and nuts .... Furniture of metal . . Glass and glassware. Hay • , India rubber, manufactures of Instruments, etc., for scientific purposes Iron and steel, and manufactures of ................. • {.amps, chandeliers, and other devices for illuminating. Leather, and tanned skins, and manufactures of Malt liquors. . Meat and dairy products Naval stores Oils, mineral Paints, pigments, and colore. Paper, and manufactures of. Soap . Spirits, distilled .... . • . .- Sugar, molasses, and confectionery . Tobacco, and manufactures of Vegetables Wine • Wood, and manufactures of Wool, and manufactures of All other articles Total shipments of domestic merchandise. Total re-shipments of foreign merchandise. Total shipments Imports and exports by countries, 1916-1918: Countries Imports 1916 Australia and Tasmania Other British Oceania.. British India Canada Chile France Germany Hongkong Japan United Kingdom Other Foreign $255,060 43,455 1,183,878 13,718 681,487 3,906 170 388,192 3.113,622 73,160 319,881 1917 1917 $58,583 37,600 195.763 267.423 3.142.022 2.390.072 649.878 45.325 125.457 201.009 3,416,091 135,994 120,000 422,973 337,453 473,566 548,693 114,134 298,518 376,049 1.105,487 21,095 7,996,965 43,007 1,322.289 249.676 2,044.633 11.505 3.240,874 488.198 1.316.106 320.454 209.037 343.703 978.773 710.543 291.653 2,647.534 445.679 6,823,442 $43,967,256 307,219 $44,274,475 1918 $58,134 43,595 76,399 594,698 3,039.729 2.074.223 670.451 37,839 157,411 90,601 2,895,748 124.626 205,156 184.344 510.705 654.863 566.073 79.944 259,091 326.505 1,494.698 19.952 7,741,112 35,233 893,416 194.316 1,618.554 13.908 4.089.927 409.425 939.310 350.835 197,489 278.336 1.065.6S9 609.393 342,723 2,393.375 481.888 7,826.801 $43,646,515 1918 Exports 1916 1917 1918 $164,571 70,166 1,130.449 28,405 899,358 7,902 2,507 429,126 3,406,571 86,662 258.234 $118,433 71,974 834,512 345.340 1,001,089 4,304 6,064 385,011 3,672.468 68,991 288.852 $10,832 23,115 23 54.323 3,317 50,121 454 83,036 $8,684 76,194 453 159.707 40 5,348 203,752 7,744 173,942 $20,284 161,923 88.856 11,125 626,624 19« 242.210 642 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Domestic exports, 1916-1918: Articles 1916 1917 1918 Sugar: Raw Refined Coffee, raw Fruits and nuts* . Rice ffidea Other Total . $52,507,295 1,902,290 418.607 6,889,705 143.120 259.623 2.493.691 $64,614,331 $60,137,962 2,605.310 391.568 8.355,395 165,779 295,965 3,040,826 $74,992,805 $62,076,956 2,033,011 466,689 8,640,838 84,813 398,719 6,786,516 $80,487,542 Note: • Mostly pineapples. Production and Industry Agriculture: . u • i « The principal agricultural products are sugar, nee, pmeapples, rubber, sisal, coffee, vaniUa, tobacco and honey. There are over 215,000 acres of land planted in sugar cane, giving the greatest yield per acre of any sugar fields in the worid. The average yield is from 30 to 40 tons per acre. The sugar output for the past four years is as foUows : 1916-17 644,574 tons; 1917-18, 577,000 tons; 1918-19, 579,000 tons; 1919-20, 640,000 tons (esti- mated). The second crop is rice, grown by Japanese and Chinese on lowland coast farms on the islands of Kauai and Oahu. There are now over 12,000 acres planted in rice. Kona coffee from the Kona district of the island of Hawaii is an important crop, running to about 25,000 bags annually, gathered from 4,500 acres. About 6,000 acres are devoted to the growing of pineapples. UntU 1919 the average exports of pineapples were 300,000 cases of canned, and 1,000 tons of fresh fruit. The canning of the fruit is a growing industry and 1919 exports of canned fruit were somewhat over 1,000,000 cases. The best pineapples are grown on the island of Oahu. Other fruits grown are mangoes, oranges, bananas, cocoanuts, figs, grapes, straw- berries and Utchi nuts. Rubber grown in the islands is of excellent quaUty and the annual production is about 75,000 pounds. A high grade of tobacco is grown on the island of Hawaii. The annual honey yield is now over 1,000 tons, with a yield of 15 tons of wax. Some 1,500 acres are planted in sisal, which is used in the manufacture of binder twine. The annual sisal crop is about 200 tons. The forest area of the island is about 545,746 acres; 357,180 being government lands. Annual food crop production: Crop Acreage Yield Rice Bananas Beans Irish potatoes. . Sweet potatoes. Com Alfalfa Cassava 12.000 820 959 620 760 9.290 463 108 500,000 bags* "ii. 44 5 bags 91.500 bags 61,600 bags 99.917 tons 5,973 tons 25,920 bags Note: +Baga of 100 pounds. Cattle raising ranks next to the sugar industry in importance. The local cattle ranches supply neariy all the meat for domestic consumption. Wool and hides are shipped to the United States. HAWAII 643 Minerals: The mineral resources of Hawaii are practically imdeveloped. There are unworked deposits of pumice, sandstone, sulphur, gypsum, alum, salt, kaolin, and salammoniac. Manufactures: There is little manufacturing outside of that connected with the sugar and pineapple canning industries. Corporations doing business in Hawaii : Cli Number Inc. before Aug. 12 1898 Inc. after Aug. 12 1898 Total Capital Inc. before Aug. 12 1898 Inc. after Aug. 12 1898 Total Agricultural . . . . , Mercantile Railroad Street car Steamship , Bank Savings and loan . Trust Insurance 47 36 5 106 394 4 2 1 6 13 6 2 153 433 9 2 2 7 13 7 2 $47,966,750 19.901.125 7,370,000 3.000,000 600.000 200.000 $35,909,015 43,815,093 7,139,960 1,950,000 6,000 1,650,000 776,000 900,000 200,000 $83,875,765 63,716,218 14,509.960 1,950.000 3,006.000 2,250,000 776,000 1,000,000 200,000 Railroads, Telephones, Post Offices: Railroads have a total mileage of 975. Telephones: There are 43 miles of con- duits, 113 miles of cable, and 9,380 miles of open wire. There are 3,479 instruments, exclusive of Honolulu. There are also three wireless stations. Money, Weights and Measures: As in United States. Language: English. Shipping Routes: From New York: Morgan Line. From San Francisco: Great Northern Pacific S. S. Co. Matson Navigation Co. Oceanic S. S. Co. Cable Rates: To Oahu, $0.37 per word; to other islands, $0.52 from New York or New England states. Postal Rates: United States domestic letter rates. Mail Time: Twelve days from New York. Parcels Post: Service extends to Hawaii. Rate 2 cents for each pound or fraction thereof. Money Orders: As in the United States. <) \ 1 :< il »• 3 n • \u - n ■ 11 m 644 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 645 PHILIPPINE ISLANDS A group of islands in the East Indies, numbering about 3,141, and extendmg from Taiwan in the north to Borneo in the south. They are possessions of the United btates^ The combined area of the islands is a little larger than that of the combmed states of Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware. The principal city. Manila, is about as large as Denver, Colorado. There are three seasons in Manila, the cool and dry season from November to February, the warm and dry from March to May, and the wet from June to November; the months from November to March are best for a trip. The principal industry of the PhiUppines is agriculture and progress is being made in the improvement of methods. To a large extent the industry is stUl carried on m a primi- tive fashion. The most important crops are hemp, sugar, cocoanuts, nee, com, coffee cacao, tobacco leaf, and indigo. Numerous mineral deposits have been located of whicb coal and iron are most important. Coal mining is Ukewise carried on extensively. The manufacturing industries consist chiefly in the preparation of agricultural products for the market, the manufacture of cigars and cigarettes, sugar, rice mills, hemp factories, and copra factories. The largest proportion of the trade of the PhiUppines Islands is carried on with the United States, which in 1918 suppUed 59.6 per cent, of the total imports and received 66.1 per cent, of the total exports. Area and Population The total area of the islands is about 115,026 square miles. Area of islands which have each an area of over 1,000 square miles: Sq. Miles Sq. Miles Luzon Mindanao , Samar Negros ... Panay .... Palawan . . 40,969 36,292 5.031 4,881 4,611 4.027 Mindoro . Leyte . . . Cebu . . . Bohol . . . Masbate . 3,8.51 2.722 1.762 1.441 1.236 The present population is estimated at 9,503,271; consisting of native bom, 9,429,905, and foreign bom, 73,366. Two-thirds of the foreign born are Chinese, and nearly one-half the remainder are Asiatics, chiefly Japanese. There are about 5,000 Americans. The natives are broadly classified as Malaysian. The Christianized natives number about 8,413,347, and the Mohammedans, or Moors, about 315,980. Population of principal towns: ^^^^ Manila (capital) . Iloilo Abu La6ag 266,943 48.000 46,000 46.000 Albay Vigan Naga Zamboanga. 43.000 18.000 12,000 30.000 Commerce Value of the total foreign trade of the United States with the Philippine Islands for eleven years: • ^^^^^^^^^ Year Ended June 30 Exports Domestic Foreign Total Imports 1 Free Dutiable Total Per Cent. Free Excess of ExportsC*) or Imports (-) 1909.. 1910.. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 1914.. 1915.. 1916., 1917. 1918. 1919. 111.182,175 16,768,909 19,677,802 23,703.935 25,360.646 27,268,064 24,691.611 23,359,065 26.984,672 48,276,470 $7,266 63,836 45,311 32.198 24.147 36,523 63,709 62.107 221,940 148,618 $11,189,165 16,832,645 19.723.113 23.736.133 25.384.793 27.304,587 24,755,320 23,421,172 27,206,612 48,425.088 69.030.876 $7,755,165 17,282,060 17,389,382 23,239,870 21,000.177 18.148,926 24,009,891 28,220,914 42.421,938 78,071,339 $1,678,821 35,837 11.016 17,329 10,071 13,386 10,278 11,335 14,309 30,073 $9,433,986 17.317,897 17.400,398 23,257.199 21,010,248 18,162,312 24.020,169 28,232.249 42.436,247 78.101,412 82.490,760 82.20 99.79 99.94 99.93 99.95 99.93 99.96 99.96 99.97 99.96 ♦$1,755,455 -485,252 ♦2,322,715 ♦478,934 ♦4.374,545 ♦9,142.275 ♦735,151 -4,811.707 -15,229,635 -29,676,324 -12,459,884 646 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Foreign trade of the Philippines for thirteen years: Year Ended June 30 Imports From United States From Other Countries Total Exports To United States To Other Countries Total 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 $5,155,359 5,079,487 4,691,770 10,775,301 19,483,658 20,604,155 25,387,085 28,571.821 22.394,381 23.804,367 27,516,556 49,799,229 64,655,144 $23,630,496 25.838.870 23.100,627 26,292,329 30.350,064 33.945,825 30.940.498 27,439.749 22.085.480 22.169.258 24.466.722 33.964.061 43.119,119 $27,785,855 30,918,357 27,792.397 37.067.630 49,833.722 54,549,980 56,327.583 56.011.570 44,479.861 45,973,625 51,983.278 83,763.290 107,774,263 $12,079,204 10.323.233 10,215,331 18,741,771 16,716,956 21,517,777 19,848.885 22,047,105 23,001,275 28,638,526 43,12,'>,393 77.010.233 79,332,548 $21,634,153 22,493,334 20,778,232 21,122,398 23,061.673 28,802,059 33,834,441 29,190.943 27,913,786 32,825,505 28,589,982 39.604.378 43,396,690 $33,713,357 32,816,567 30,993,563 39,864,169 39.778.629 50.319.836 53.683.326 51.238.048 50,915.061 61,464.031 71,715.375 116,614.611 122,729,238 The marked discrepancy between the United States figures of exports to the Philippine Islands prior to 1911 and the Philippine figures of imports from the United States in corre- sponding periods is due chiefly to the fact that the Phihppine import figures prior to that year omit merchandise imported free of duty for the use of the Government or for use in construction and equipment of railways in the islands, under the act of February 6, 1905, while the United States returns omit only Government supplies carried by Government vessels. Principal articles of import by countries of origin during 1918 and 1919: Imports Twelve Months Ending June 1918 Quantity Value 1919 Quantity Value Automobiles No. United States No. Cement Bbls. United States Bbls. China Bbls. French East Indies Bbls. Japan 2ui"' Other countries Bbls. Coal Long tons United States Long tons China Long tons Japan Long tons Other countries Long tons Cotton, and manufactures: Cloths Sq. yds. United States Sq. yds. United Kingdom Sq. yds Japan Sq. yds. Other countries Sq. yds. Thread United States . . Other countries. Wearing apparel . . United States . . Japan Other countries. 1,646 1.646 182,205 2,654 114,327 19,932 33,216 12,076 395,275 10 loi.e.'is 253,638 39,972 138,405.699 117.202.749 8.777,713 9,033,172 3,392,065 $1,278,675 1,278.675 426,453 7,669 280.(040 33,064 86,739 28,941 1,874,997 231 328,103 1,334,745 211,918 19,171,262 16,011,733 1,368.071 1,276,167 515,291 639,648 484,996 154,652 2,350,565 743,246 1,433,623 173,691 1,409 1,409 228,769 101 61,710 75,191 73,432 18,335 396,934 107,769 255,807 33,358 80,977.816 67.054.735 4,124,950 6,841,925 2,956,206 $1,490,511 1,460.511 580,708 1,236 147,953 129,900 224,556 77,063 3,028,140 517,936 2,300,461 209,743 16,540,658 13,769,986 960,109 1,274,820 535,743 840,035 631,752 208,283 3,755,821 1,758,463 1,903,475 93,883 Continued on page 647 PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 647 Table Continued: Imports Twelve Months Ending June 1918 Quantity Value 1919 Quantity Yarn Lbs. United States Lbs. United Kingdom Lbs. Japan I'bs. Other countries Lbs. All other United States . . . United Kingdom . Other countries . . Iron and steel: Machinery United States . . . United Kingdom , Other countries . . All other United Sutes . . . United Kingdom , Other countries . . Illuminating oil Gals. United States Gals. Dutch East Indies Gals. Other countries Gals. Leather, and manufactures: Boots and shoes Pairs United States Pairs Other countries Pairs All other United States . . Other countries . Meat and dairy products: Condensed milk Lbs. United States Lbs. United Kingdom Lbs. Other countries Lbs. Fresh beef Lbs United States Lbs Australasia Lbs. China Lbs All other United States . . Australasia. . . . Other countries . Paper, and manufactures . United States France Japan Other countries Rice Long tons United States Long tons French East Indies Long tons Siam Long tons Other countries Long tons Wheat flour Bbls. United States Bbls. Australasia Bbls. Japan Bbls. Otner countries Bbls. All other articles United States Other coimtries 2,510,940 2,659 333,450 1,723,492 451.339 9,281,483 6,819,367 2,416,794 45.322 612,222 485,014 127,208 11,999,783 11,284,084 148,206 567,493 8,385,679 4,484 1,056.279 7,324,916 156,616 Total imports. 149,295 7.118 203 364,695 1,518 319,175 43,572 430 $1,269,302 2,178 243.107 853,291 170,726 1,874,141 988,449 288,400 597,292 3,233,450 3,039,769 50,059 143,622 6,071,093 5,265,800 76,021 729,272 1,242,692 906,361 331,384 4,947 1,078,204 1,038,803 39,401 813,383 675,182 138,201 1,377,452 1,300,980 14,816 61,656 804,341 1,304 112,908 690,129 1,235,726 449,157 231,682 554,887 1,992,198 1,060,259 241,770 399,705 290,464 6,167,015 2 5,665,564 485,507 15,942 2,667,736 14,214 2,343,723 305,773 4,026 28,184,957 16,530,221 11.654.736 $83,763,290 2,875,799 3,190 260.152 2,090,190 576,267 9,756,425 9.421,893 334,478 54 680,548 598,836 81,712 7.464,595 6,227.574 84.106 1,152,915 6,904,911 860 1,695,183 5,208,868 146,244 123,068 19,101 4,075 310,000 43 274,978 1,541 33,438 Value $1,845,211 2.237 278,134 1,277,317 287.523 2,328,167 1,423,145 330,367 574,655 7,100,895 6,378,893 13,326 708.676 7.697.765 6.864.915 89.861 743.019 2.420.686 2.369.884 50,787 15 1.542.270 1.521,050 21,220 1.106,453 919,367 187.086 1,360.884 1,037.782 17.727 305.375 737,791 223 213,161 524,407 1,761,068 627,788 333,459 799,821 2,225 J677 1,181,430 362,653 448,093 233,501 8,488.590 17 6.547,212 1,736,584 204,777 2,546,815 729 2,301,412 8,867 232,807 40,376,088 24,675.736 15.700.352 $107,774,236 ! { » ' - f.. I I t I 4 I 648 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Principal articles of export with countries of destination during 1918 and 1919: Exports Twelve Months Ending June 1918 Quantity Value 1919 Quantity Value Manila Hemp Long ons United States Long tons United Kingdom Lo^^K ^^^ jaoan Long tons Other countries Long tons CocoanutoU \ZllT^ United States Long tons Other countries Long tons Sugar .Long tons United Stktes Long tons China Longtons Hongkong Longton^ Japan .Long tons Other countries". Long tons Copra . Long tons United States.' '. Lo°8 Jons France J^^5 ^^ Spain Long tons Other countries Long tons Qla^TB Thous. Unit^ states! '.'.'.' Jhous. Australasia TJo"f- China Thous. Hongkong.., Thous. Other countries inous. Unmanufactured tobacco Lbs. United States J^^ France }^P? Spain VS Other countries ^°^ ^•*Sed8taie.:;:::::.::::::.::;::toSI'«S Sr.rr1=o'^Jn"&'";/;//;/.;;:::::-.:::^»SiroS Knotted hemp f'^' United States ^^^ France t ?r" Tt_i,, IjDB. Italy T i^ Switzerland . j {^- Other countries . All other articles United States Other cotmtries . . Total exports . 158.211 83,972 55.160 11.412 7,607 70.976 70.872 104 22.5.428 78.713 35,306 76.438 34.674 297 103.887 88.419 4.447 10,504 617 318.564 224.174 6.168 29.527 8.869 49.826 41.269,433 7,466.544 7,406,927 24.986.619 1,409,343 10.992 3.773 4.553 2.666 1.253.126 417.011 172.083 197.393 263.560 203,079 $54,493,970 32.418.469 14.&S2,401 5.353,514 2,039.586 18.552.249 18.531.746 20.503 13.304.770 6,512,948 1,721.309 3.430.819 1.620.972 18.722 9.527.241 8.172.252 394.513 918.299 42,177 5.708,718 4,653,111 107.631 366.620 UMOO 4691^56 4.954,298 1,740.159 774,547 2.219.335 220.257 1.904.131 673.486 810.Oi4 420.601 1,093,337 364,961 196.804 158,661 202.038 170,873 7.075,897 3.943.101 3.132.796 $116,614,611 Value of principal articles imported, 1914-1918: Name of Articles 1914 1915 1916 Agricultural implements, and parts of . . Carabao Other cattle .• • • ■■■ Books, and other printed matter Brass, and manufactures of Wheat flour Other breadstuffs •,• • • ■■■■ ■ • -' Automobiles and parts, including tires. Other cars, carriages, vehicles, and parts of Cement $35,449 66.557 241.766 469.546 227.886 1.611.158 434,006 1.013,451 473.912 554,882 $51,377 101.859 416.081 409.446 192,335 1,946.303 664,047 974.816 317,285 408,530 $48,580 57.546 179, .589 469,762 175,415 1.501,441 459,643 1.352..572 230.594 293.100 132.648 69,829 47,517 9,536 5.766 128.789 120,829 7.960 236.391 91.454 40.700 66,794 35.029 2.414 14.369 13.284 1.085 397.716 276,289 8.075 34,348 8,469 70,535 48,078,911 3,311.384 9,130,549 22,726,346 12.910.632 9.430 744 2.256 6,430 662,297 269,509 65,181 174,187 82,489 70.931 $41,829,640 24.203,6:v,i 12.849.09'.* 3.249.791 1.527,091 35.541.361 33.406.387 2.134.974 17.201.62.5 8.174.817 2.646.453 3.982.4 Ifi 2.189.239 208.700 1.426.585 1.270.803 155,782 8,601,889 6,7.'"j7.451 161.111 600.741 133.145 949.441 5,629,827 836,163 930.095 2,451.038 1,412,531 1,442,491 105,936 345.161 991.394 544.479 229.920 52.480 137.660 66,028 58,401 10,511,341 4.347.412 6.163,929 $122,729,238 1917 1918 $71,355 $160,197 41,344 17.364 175,149 99.174 485,779 605.645 284,544 364.493 1,915.525 3.016,764 442,579 557,537 1,540.400 3,262.832 245,080 274.744 ■ 298.256 498,427 Continued on page 649 PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 649 Table Continued: Countries 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 Chemicals, drugs, dyes, and medicines Coal Cocoa or cacao Coffee • Copper, and manufactures of Cotton, and manufactures of Diamonds and other precious stones. and imitations of. unset Earthen, stone and china ware Eggs : Filers, vegetable, and textile grasses and manufactures of Fish and fish products Fruits and nuts Glass and glassware Gold, platinum and silver, and manu f actures of ,' ',' ' ' India rubber, manufactures of (auto tires excluded) Instruments and apparatus Iron and steel, and manufactures of . . . Leather, and manufactures of Meat products Dairy products • Musical instruments, and parts of Illuminating oil Other oil Paints and pigments Paper, and manufactures of • Perfumery and all other toilet prepara tions ••••••• Photographic equipment and supplies . Plated ware. gold, and silver Rice Silk, and manufactures of Soap. Spirits, wines, and malt liquors . Sugar and molasses Tobacco, and manufactures of. Vegetables Wax ; • • • Wood, and manufactures of . . . Wool, and manufactures of . . . . Other imports Total. 723.791 1,749,745 331.903 347.384 133.877 9.956.244 219,861 163.289 411.365 747.178 720.735 405.273 293.319 111.913 285.144 828,711 6.983,444 1,557.824 1.866,274 1.118.273 98.986 1,281,020 793,834 192,011 757,190 207.930 103.273 120,977 3.276,148 849.438 585,362 350,052 275,345 307,293 795,339 74,077 771.789 380.202 3.284,227 $48.588.6.53 865,329 1,432,.520 234,740 242.390 125.151 11.791.414 208.127 142,252 414.517 598.680 416.144 355.103 270.777 86.236 297.166 750.246 4,430,071 1,274,802 1,721,237 1,099,841 64,596 1,129,015 900,510 287,515 761,210 268,506 96,055 94,681 6,724,275 902,787 481.098 315.520 208.836 392,291 714,441 1 16,069 336,212 264,766 3.014,316 $49,312,183 •1,388,074 1.303,994 4i)o,513 345,166 125,742 9.324.886 234,401 199,345 330.901 620.587 560,010 369.967 325.604 92.118 350.858 680.512 3.763,238 1,059.668 1,135.743 992,954 71.368 1,012,845 1,315.762 255.613 894.943 216.527 99.466 123.316 6.521.821 884,976 315.159 354,238 81,871 424.501 738.812 143.525 308,498 147.602 3,194,909 $45,496,337 Value of imports by countries of origin, 1914-18: United States. .. . Hawaii Porto Rico .... Guam United Kingdom. Austria-Hungary . Belgium Denmark France Germany Italy Netherlands Spain Norway Switzerland Canada China Japanese China. . . . British East India . Dutch East Indies . French East Indies. Hongkong Japan Siam Australasia Britbh Africa French Africa All other countries . Total $48..588,653 $24,011,401 251,244 10.344 1,991 4.429,612 149,045 215..560 81,011 1,098,609 2,252,550 191,678 132,504 1.193.475 138.785 520.895 46,065 2,503,.588 158.509 744,346 550,349 3,131,240 297,148 3.633.642 320.995 2.425,251 22.611 431 75.774 $26,381,069 158,046 15,327 1,702 3,261,015 19,198 6,266 63,259 750,832 226,811 150,923 147,669 919,103 104,040 792,810 14,257 2,331.081 91,616 755,991 571,102 6,883,070 202.294 3,717,268 297,440 1.409,513 228 308 39,789 $49,312,183 $22,862,673 189.530 11.188 360 2.566,254 3,680 14,710 41,623 633,595 75.131 103,656 140,534 854,946 227,526 478,915 6,110 2,643,377 127,435 1,040.509 1,005,567 6,405,521 110,278 4,769,687 311,274 888.259 6.072 1,431,124 1.538.235 452,527 418.626 221,680 13.787.002 356.149 276,771 290,353 1,535,904 927,868 411,602 475.390 101.332 341.116 946.953 5.927,562 1,623,008 1,425,436 1,564,619 67,166 1,336,667 1,457.441 331.871 1.889.186 356.564 101.843 245.552 5.390,731 1,980,593 581,815 328,306 43.312 589.223 911.985 144,822 549,214 427,913 4,459,145 $65,797,030 ' $98,599.211 1.670,717 2.331.174 496,229 374.008 259,221 29.008.422 599.890 439.657 583.173 2.362.162 2.606.175 619.970 873.724 217.699 581,559 1.109,384 12,253,985 2,085,532 2,064,169 1,335,516 118,081 1,213,460 1.584,141 695,892 1,841.991 332.186 132,943 567.707 8.216.792 2.863.512 346,632 403.197 42,306 784,665 1,218,044 180.900 886,173 871,547 5.669,391 $37,620,147 307,623 31.866 950 2.961.235 1.031 21.803 43.708 787.874 160.930 96.395 88.455 7 3,479 14,929 376,987 14,280 4,257,325 140,003 1,268,345 1,000,086 5,240,790 192,783 8,216,218 354,492 1,798,633 79,546 $58,824,611 335.236 855 2.764.407 831 48.478 $45,496,337 I $65,797,030 20,405 806.650 32.607 44.647 45,463 467,206 7.737 480,506 32,475 6,576,962 102.231 1,939,980 892,003 6,978,043 56,827 13,104,055 1.155,127 3,694,240 194,964 41,137 $98,599,212 650 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 651 Value of exports by countries of destination, 1914-18: Ck>untrie8 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 United States Hawaii Guam United Kingdom. . . Austria-Hungary. . , Belgium Denmark France Germany Italy Netherlands Spain Norway Switzerland Canada China Japanese China British East Indies Dutch East Indies . French East Indies Hongkong Japan Siam Australasia British Africa , French Africa. .... All other countries *"' Total $24,427,710 119,415 88,371 7,280.033 82.829 253,525 1.633 3,897.283 1,079.714 738.520 333,116 2,256,337 203 11,097 2,313 1,102,290 3.428 1,157,095 59,264 8,505 2,025.917 2,993.845 24.523 602.650 721 74,534 64,963 $23,653,211 122.772 73.930 9.227.103 5.553,813 68 1,435.197 287.081 2,592,137 $48,689,634 97,688 46,690 1,626,246 1.538 1,076.624 60.182 33.161 3,471.408 3.780.246 23.681 559. 170 973 4.025 90,572 $35,648,132 134.603 55.119 12.434.260 3,210 2.890.236 42 616.629 640,298 2,478,881 $53,813,004 182.907 683.526 2,209.153 34.134 1,345.869 209.389 104.366 4.103,147 4.848,807 18.200 669,638 523 $63,234,358 176,806 103,296 10.305,084 1,465,434 9 117.261 1,737.027 626.108 $69,937,182 183,076 545,314 2,162,258 29,982 901,408 245,323 413,734 5,384.263 7.327.972 22,232 1.190,270 985 $89,246,918 144,200 260,555 19,481,698 237 1.242.072 144.505 3.462,961 58.409 $95,604,306 127,364 667,645 3.249,280 8,484 1,575,905 439.419 1,302,376 5,008,164 7,963,404 64,546 742,643 6,045 151.004 $135,194,482 Value of principal articles exported, 1914-1918: Name of Article 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 Copra Cocoanut cake Cocoanut oil Cordage Embroideries Hats Knotted hemp Hemp Maguey SheUs: Black lip pearl Golden up pearl Trocha Green snail Stigar Tobacco: Cigars Cigarettes Other tobacco Lumber: Almon Lauan Tanguile Other lumber Pili nuts Pearl buttons All other domestic merchandise Exports of foreign merchandise Total $7,980,270 116.812 2,619.183 86.014 162.456 313,881 570,762 19.194.815 417,057 14.228 143,608 116,257 66,238 11,059,593 2.315,159 38.723 1.823,650 44,479 * 167.849 97.436 22.312 62,117 703,890 553.820 $48,689,634 $11,111,554 2.820.501 94,899 367.651 257.069 305.746 21,339.100 535.203 7,918 121,470 111.493 60.374 11,310,215 2,057.302 42.495 1,605.136 36.053 8.184 166,990 24.048 11,788 80.740 784.943 552.126 $53,813,004 $7,115,970 22,960 3.925.734 146,622 1.164.012 656.613 532.6.58 26.692.296 1,739,989 10,375 134.702 59.731 46.766 18.587,592 2,844.375 49.741 2,932,057 15,410 124.028 264,559 86,646 7.217 122.141 1.050.642 1,604.339 $69,937,182 $8,327,150 18,499 11,409.147 384.487 1.964,6.59 695.416 940.079 46,807,779 2,348,246 *1.163 116,542 3,021 21.587 12,277.678 4.794.096 56.507 2.299.937 63.073 78.726 170,841 109,107 529 112,315 951,291 1.662,425 $95,604,306 $5,188,514 3,627 21.664.158 866,984 2,180.676 591.723 789,434 58,191.550 1.868,054 3.081 173,605 41.692 37,820 15.804.390 7,116.718 115.970 6.342,624 39,625 78,734 115,936 85,196 288 90.665 982.951 2,820,459 $135,194,482 Production and Industry Agriculture: There are about 12,000,000 acres of arable land in the islands, with about 7,000,000 acres under cultivation. The leading agricultural products are rice, abaca (manila hemp), sugar cane, cocoanuts, corn, tobacco and maguey (sisal). Principal crops with annual value: Crop Acreage Annual Yield Value Rice Manila hemp Sugar cane Cocoanut: Palms Copra and oil. Corn Tobacco Maguey Coffee Cacao 3.000.000 1,000.000 400.000 1.000.000 125.000 70.000 2.000 2,500 44,000,000 bushels. 40.000 tons of leaf . 40,000 tons $25,000,000 20,000.000 17,000,000 12,500,000 10.000,000 7,000.000 4,000,000 900.000 The interior plains and valleys of Mindanao offer splendid opportunities for cattle raising. Cattle, swine and horses thrive, but sheep do not do well in the islands. The horses number about 215,826. The forest area is 40,000 square miles, a tract as large as the entu^ state of Kentucky. In addition, there are 20,000 square miles of second growth timber. The annual lumber exports are valued at about $235,000. Other forest products include nipa, from which alcohol is made, rattan, gum copal, used for varnish making, resin, mangrove bark, dyes, wild rubber, tamboo, and various fibers. Minerala: Mineral resources are largely undeveloped, and include lode and placer gold, copper, iron, coal, oil, sulphur, asbestos, manganese, zinc, lead, gilsonite, chronite, and natural gas. Value of gold production during four years: 1913. 1915. $868,362 1,316,764 Total value of mineral production: 1916. $2,832,130 1916 1917 1917 $1,505,877 1.408.319 $3,002,944 Note: ♦Not separately stated prior to January 1, 1915. Manufacturing: Much of the manufacturing done in the PhiHppines comes under the head of household industries, such as embroidering, hat making, basket work, etc. A complete list of factories includes cigar, cigarette and cut tobacco factories, sugar mills, copra-drjdng plants, oil mills, saw mills, fish traps and net works, tanneries, distilleries, shoe and slipper factories, a spin- ning mill, harness and saddle works, aerated water factories, preserved fruit works, carriage factories, musical instrument works, bed factories, ice plants, match factories, furniture factories, rope walks, hat and umbrella factories, soap factories, brewing plants, a weaving ;3 III 652 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 653 mill, a fertilizer factory, a soup paste and sauce factory, an ink factory, chocolate works, biscuit works, tile and brick kilns, cured meat establishments, drug works, button factories, tinware shops, iron works, printing, lithographing and bookbinding plants, dried and smoked fish works, sculpture and marble cutting works, machine shops, sail-making shops, foundries and shipyards. There are now eighteen ship-building plants in the islands. The number of sugar niills is rapidly increasing, some of the new mills having a capacity of from 1,000 to 1,500 tons of cane daily. The making of coconut oil is an important industry. There are 280 expellers with a total of 127 oil presses. Factories in Manila, with number of laborers and value of production (1913) : Factory Number Laborers Vaue of Production Saw mills Tanneries Distilleries Aerated water factories Tile and brick factories Caramel factories Box factory Candy factories Slipper factories Chocolate factories Carriage factories Guitar factories Soap factories . Furniture factories Bread, biscuit and sweetmeat factories. . . Dried and smoked fish industries Hat factories Cigar, cigarette and cut tobacco factories ■ Shoe factories Slipper and shoe factories Musical instruments' string factories .... Beer factory Oil factory Button factory Sauce and vermicelli factories Perfume factories Coffee factory Match factory Soup-paste factories Glass factory Weaving factory Basket factories Rope factory Candle factories Ice factories Ink factory Harness factory Shoe and hat factory Iron works Tin shops Printing and lithographing Rice mills Marble and cabinet factories Saddleries Foundry shops Machine shops Sails shops Ship construction shops Carriage and machine shops Carpentry shops Total, 9 10 14 12 2 10 1 7 82 18 30 9 20 28 33 29 8 42 20 14 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 1 1 22 1 3 2 1 1 1 15 24 28 2 16 6 15 14 2 1 2 1 571 312 43 193 154 97 60 8 51 530 82 210 17 77 1,187 566 75 437 10,443 130 64 1 102 37 128 8 14 2 194 26 29 277 7 31 14 24 5 6 9 75 86 576 56 60 52 137 877 14 4 58 2 17,678 $689,905 1,55,600 2,084,496 147,402 50,700 85,329 600 16,572 253,952 321,722 43,609 5,637 198,439 588,469 483.969 151,850 572,728 7,172,280 306.110 17,646 202 667,179 233.763 65,287 5.303 18,500 3,210 205,000 14,805 36.448 175.000 2.300 120.000 41,945 92.631 505 4,809 3.600 50,468 161.055 163,128 603.533 32,833 6.533 123,461 518,731 10,468 2,500 45.000 224 $16,705,257 Details as to the industries of the Philippine Islands: Class of Industry Number Capital Invested Wages Paid Value of Production Aerated water factories Bakeries Brick and paving stone factories Button factories . Candy and sweetmeat factories . Carriage works Chocolate factories Cigar factories Distilleries Foundries Furniture factories Hat factories Printing and lithographing Rice mills Rope factories Saw mills Shoe factories Slipper factories Soap factories Sugar mills Tanneries Total 21 88 7 2 34 65 20 53 27 15 39 9 15 99 2 15 62 116 35 916 18 1,658 $34,400 127,362 37,900 28,000 22,159 97,674 29.315 2,131,223 949,636 58,585 577.282 189,050 250,869 562,291 212,500 502,764 90,857 50,922 39,425 4,906,763 3,300 10,902.277 $15,471 93,642 12,638 4,817 17.760 78,769 17,889 1.091,525 44,616 44.445 178,055 57.087 79.732 67.953 15.845 82,086 45.674 70,437 18.403 1.505.372 22.141 3,553,357 $64, 188 672,547 37.099 25.500 161,659 228,717 197,422 6,101.258 595,730 161.067 719.074 559.728 282.097 1.183.267 147.500 537,941 209.700 271,265 362.671 3.647.576 101.715 $16,167,721 Railways, Telegraphs, Post Offices: There are 757 miles of railways in the Islands. Manila has an up-to-date street railway system. Length of telegraph Unes, 4,867 miles. Length of cable, 1,038 miles. Number of telegraph offices, 290. Number of post offices, 590. Wireless stations, 10. Money, Weights and Measures: The unit of value is the peso which is maintained at a par value of exactly S0.50 in United States currency. The coins are of bronze, nickel and silver, and the denominations are 1 centavo, 5 centavos, 10 centavos, 20 centavos, 50 centavos and 1 peso. Sums in pesos are indicated by a capital letter P, with two straight lines across the loop. The paper currency consists of certificates in denominations of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 pesos. United States weights and measures are used, and in addition, the picul of 173.9 pounds is used in dry measure. Language: English and Spanish are the official languages. Local Advertising Media: There are three English dailies and two Spanish dailies of importance. The principal publication is a weekly paper. Publications are centered almost exclusively in Manila. Shipping Routes: Barber Line. American & Oriental Line. American & Manchurian Line. American- Asiatic S. S. Co. Ocean S. S. Co., Ltd. Nippon Yusen Kaiaha. 654 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Cable Rate: ^, „ , at i? ^^^A Via San Francisco to Luzon to Manila, $1.12 per word from New \ ork or New England states. Postal Rate: Domestic postage rates. MaD Time: Manila via San Francisco, thirty-four days, via Victoria, twenty-six days. Parcel Post: As in the' United States. Money Orders: As in the United States. SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES FOREIGN TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES Fiscal Total Imports Fiscal Total Imports Fiscal Total Imports Fiscal Total Imports Year and Exports Year and Exports Year and Exports Year and Exports 1800 $162,224,548 1870. . . $828,730,176 1887... $1,408,502,979 1904 . . . $2,451,914,642 1810 152,157.970 1871... 963,043.862 1888... 1.419.911.621 1905... 2.636,074,737 1820 144,141,669 1872... 1.070.772,663 1889... 1.487,533,027 1906... 2.970,426,946 1830 134,391,691 1873... 1.164,616,132 1890... 1.647,139,093 1907 . . . 3,315,272,503 1840 221,927,638 1874... 1,153.689,382 1891 . . . 1.729,397,006 1908... 3,055,115,138 1850 316,885,252 1875... 1,046,448,147 1892... 1.857,680,610 1909... 2,974,931.328 1855 476,718,211 1876... 1,001.125,861 1893 . . . 1.714,066,116 1910... 3.301.932,150 1860 687,192,176 1877 . . . 1,053.798,346 1894... 1.547,135,194 1911... 3,576,546,304 1861 506.864.375 1878... 1,131,917,298 1895... 1.539.508.130 1912... 3.857,587.343 1862 380,027,178 1879... 1,156,217.216 1896 . . . 1.662.331.612 1913... 4.278,892,383 1863 447,300,262 1880... 1,503.593,404 1897 . . . 1.815.723,968 1914... 4,258.504,805 1864 475,285,291 1881... 1.545,041,974 1898... 1.847.531.984 1915... 4,442.759,085 1865 404,774,883 1882... 1.475,181,831 1899... 1.924,171,791 1916... 6,531,366,390 1866 783,671,588 1883... 1,547,020,316 1900... 2,244,424,266 1917... 8,949,403,579 1867 690.267,237 1884... 1,408,211,302 1901... 2,310.937,156 1918... 8,949,403,579 1868 639,389.339 1885... 1,319,717,084 1902... 2,285.040,349 1919. . . 10,320.960,839 1869 703,624,076 1886... 1,314,960,966 1903 . . . 2,445,860,916 1919*.. 11,826,556.919 Note: *Calendar year. DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPORTS OF THE UNITED STATES Fiscal Domestic Foreign Total Fiscal Domestic Foreign Total 1800.... $31,840,903 $39,130,877 $70,971,780 1888 .... $683,862,104 $12,092,403 $695,954,507 1810.... 42,366.675 24,791,296 66,757,970 1889 .... 730,282,609 12,118,766 742.401,375 1820. . . . 51,683.640 18,008,029 69,691,669 1890.... 845,293,828 12,534,856 857,828,684 1830. . . . 58.524.878 13,145,857 71,670,735 1891 .... 872,270,288 12,210,527 884,480.810 1840.,.. 111.660,561 12,008.371 123,668,932 1892.... 1.015,732,011 14.546,137 1,030.278,148 1850. . . . 134,900,233 9,475,493 144.375.726 1893.... 831,030,785 16,634,409 847.665,194 I860.... 316,242,423 17,333.634 333,576,057 1894 869,204,937 22,935,635 892,140,572 1861.... 204,899,616 14,654,217 219,553,833 1895 .... 793,392,599 14,145,566 807,538.165 1862.... 179,644,024 11,026,477 190,670,501 1896 . . . . 863,200.487 19,406,451 882.606,938 1863.... 186,003.912 17.960.535 203.964,447 1897 . . . . 1.032,007,603 18.985,953 1,050.993.556 1864. . . . 143,504.027 15,333,961 158.837,988 1898.... 1.210.291.913 21,190.417 1.231.482,330 1865. . . . 136,940,248 29,089.055 166.029,303 1889 . . . . 1,203,931,222 23.092.080 1.227.023.302 1866.... 337,518,102 11,341,420 348,859,522 1900 1,370,763,571 23,719*511 1.394,483,082 1867.... 279,786,809 14,719,332 294.506.141 1901.... 1.460,462,806 27,302,185 1.487.764,991 1868.... 269,389,900 12,562.999 281,952,899 1902 1,355,481,861 26,237,540 1.381.719.401 1869.... 275,166,697 10,951.000 286,117,697 1903 1,392,231,302 27,910,377 1.420,141.679 1870.... 376,616,473 16,1.55,295 392,771,768 1904 . . . . 1,435,179,017 25.648,254 1,460,827.271 1871.... 428,398,908 14.421,270 442,820,178 1905 .... 1,491,744,641 26,817,025 1,518.561.666 1872.... 428,487.131 15.690,455 444,177,586 1906 .... 1,717,953,382 25,911,118 1.743.864.500 1873.... 505,033.439 17.446,483 522,479.922 1907.... 1.853.718.034 27,133,044 1,880,851,078 1874.... 569.433,421 16,849,619 586,283,040 1908.... 1,834,786,357 25,986,989 1,860.773.346 1875. . . . 499.284,100 14.158,611 513.442,711 1909... 1.638.355,593 24,655,511 1,663.011.104 1876. . . . 525,582.247 14,802,424 540.384,671 1910 1,710,083,998 34,900,722 1.744,984,720 1877.... 589.670.224 12,804.996 602,475,220 1911.... 2,013,549,025 35,771,174 2,049,320,199 1878.... 680.709.268 14,156,498 694,865,766 1912.... 2,170,319,828 34,002,581 2.204.322,409 1879.... 698,340.790 12,098.651 710,439,441 1913.... 2,428,506,358 37,377,791 2.465.884.149 1880.... 823.946,353 11,692,305 835,638,658 1914.... 2,329,684,025 34,895,123 2,364.579,148 1881.... 883,925,947 18,451,399 902,377,346 1915.... 2,716,178,466 52.410,875 2,768.589,340 1882.... 733,239,732 17,302.525 750.542.257 1916... 4.272.177.579 61,305,306 4.333.482.885 1883.... 804,223.632 19,615,770 823.839.402 1917.... 6,227,164,050 62,884,344 6,290.048,394 1884.... 754,964.852 15,548,757 740.513,609 1918. ... 5,838,652,057 81,059,314 5,919,711,371 1885.... 726,682,946 15,506,809 742,189.755 1919... 7,074,011.529 151,072,728 7.225,084,257 1886.... 665.964,529 13,560,301 679,524.830 1919* . . . 7,760,781.182 171,369,410 7,922.150,592 1887.... 703.022,923 13,160.288 716,183.211 Note: •Calendar year. Figures for export include gold and silver prior to 1830. Total exports per capita of population— (1800), $13.37; (1810), $9.22; (1820), $7.22; (1830), $5.57; (1840), $7.25; (1850), $6.23; (1860). $10.61; (1870), $9.77; (1880), $16.43; (1890), $13.43; (1900), $17.76; (1910), $18.28; (1916), $41.33; (1917), $54.82. 655 656 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES BY PRINCIPAL CLASSES SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 657 pi FiscAi. Yeak Crude Mate- rials For Use in Manu- facturing F(X)d8tuffs in Crude Con- dit'n & Food Animals Foodstuffs Partly or Wholly Man- ufactured Manufactures For Further Use in Manu- facturing Manufactures Ready For Consumption Miscel- laneous 1830 1840 1850 1855 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1S72 1873 1874 1875... . 1876.... 1877.... 1878.... 1879 1820 .. $31,246,382 ^**^" ' 3M82.2Ge 7.'>,48S,421 83,984,707 108,476.851 210,009,645^ 57,014,26£ 17.814,65^ 27,893,453 2-^,282,24? 33,852,720 227,62.=^,800 166,120,000 132,450,676 144,891,886 213.439,9911 220,995,559 194,458,406 231,904,077 22^,149,732 206,271,795 202,247,842 200,821,765 213,128,092 198,687,747 isSO"."'.'.'.'.'. ^.-I 2;i8,787,934 *** ' 278,918,722 233.294,072 288,841,684 239,510.224 248,611.181 254.409,407 250.236.436 271.275.629 286,235.227 304,566.922 346.848.321 I 1«94 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1881 1882. 1883. 1884, 1885. 1886 1887, 1888 1889 1890 1I92" ■■■.■. ■.■■... 315;096,548 {893 247,289,240 ^*^'* ' 276,068,989 263,982,189 251,817,571 296,834,858 286,311,334 277,723.374 325,244,296 397,417,247 373,307,140 408,442,137 461,424,464 472,114,493 500,536,700 593,145,135 556.681.462 520,907,4361 565,934.957' 713.018.206 723,008,839 731,758,513 792,716,109 510,455,540 53.5,952,043 731.990.339 897,324,082 IQiQ .... 1,215,960,910 {Qjgi;::;: 1.610.142,683 $2,474,8221 % 2,724,181 4.564,532 7,535,764 10,919,803 12,166,447 48,795,86: 55,893,100 45,166,00^ 24,519,10: 13,974,57C 10.819,200 20,600,360 34,.57S,301 2.^,428.831 41.852.630 48.601,080 59,356.592 69,853,173 119,143.282 79,077,679 94,181,630 90,636,898 154.809.095 188.526,959 266,108,950 241.641.847 1.55.008,497 163,190.443 130,395,872 123.326.807 100.799.092 125.453.686 86.368,40{' 98.847,45c 132.073.183 106,155,721 262.45\84f 153,277,859 133,196,928 99,144,413 128.550,66i- 181.420.814 305.108.915 232,903,060 225,906,246 245,836,198 184,780,389 185,308.004 135.747.224 118,185.09^ 177,216.467 167.348,227 189.051.824 135.093,409 109,828.320 103.401, .5.5:^ 99,899,270 181,907,266 137,495,121 .500.993,179 380.638.102 531.866.009 374,978,210 719,715.994 678,470.920 10,085,366 9,556,992 1.5.93r.,l08 20,017,162 33,009,127 38,624,949 .53,736,172 70,249,524 00,047,610 54,909,077 47,981,472 40.684,464 34,058.150 42,190,718 43,679,064 50,919,666 66,802,589 84.357,982 100.8.57.593 114.03S,005 110,292,780 121.615..589 150,101.362 170,277,023 174,230.618 193,352,723 220..3S0.821 178.002.738 186,392.822 194.703.245 201.800.801 162,689,021 175.784.781 169.872.314 174..504.227 224.750..580 220,4 4S,303 250.4:i8..545 247.075,061 249,846,142 219.090,299 219.413,574 235.051.930 284.S79.827 304,754.730 319,696.334 337.152,992 328,831.350 323.244.097 30S.S30.077 2S3.0t)5.0(»8 347.385.403 345.70t>.609 331.901.663 302.555.341 2.59.2.59.654 282.010,883 318,838,493 321,204,373 293.218.336 454..575.404 .599,0.59.151 737.795,334 1.1.53.702.460 1,785. 179..500 1,962,720.033 $4,867,379 4.117.606 4,841,101 6,060,900 11,304,094 12,641,625 8,400,921 8,126,464 11,393,244 9,861,090 10,650.288 12,357,000 15,065,010 17,017,016 13,887,562 13.711,709 13,858,056 21,087,265 24,976,655 26,020,258 27,4.58,054 31,459,259 31,513,550 28.085,480 30,109,002 20,044.159 32.820.713 37,104,800 37,996,198 37,800.437 39,437,313 34.037,715 30,732,490 40,176,023 42,712,932 46,454,992 47.961.372 .50.284,241 49.070,703 67,14.5.189 62.253.782 76,219.728 98,284,243 101,990,563 117,730,200 153.275,000 148.350.529 132.206,324 140,666,864 174,876,659 209,926,174 220.210.513 2.59.442.028 201,105,883 231,144,267 267,765,916 309,151,989 348.149,524 408,806,949 374.225.210 355.802.329 657.923.305 1.191.262.523 1,201.43S,423 952.775.871 922,407,003 $2,925,165 5.461,589 10.584,079 17,162.206 28,832.786 35.811.383 35,503,955 26,918,451 33,447.115 25,344,570 30,120,816 39,231.280 43.505.080 42,935,166 47,139,144 56,329,137 75.651,340 65.306.501 76,059,102 81,124.581 74,503,493 74,450,509 112,673.046 1 10.440.970 103.254.499 92.774.139 102,458.449 124,835,385 122,448.549 118,172.882 110,818,865 111.627.312 112,417.839 113.892.0S9 123.183.!- 83 1.32.527.050 140.349.741 132.792,441 129,938,284 135,659,274 143,609,893 181,789.157 212,959.122 222.537.358 262.656..583 331,746.496 317.745.673 321,946.630 .327.468.629 348.734.801 402.049.798 459,812.6.55 480.681,423 489.469,958 440.271.747 499,215.329 598,367.852 672,268,163 776.297,360 724,908,000 807,465,511 1,998,298,249 2,942.577.415 2.185.420.221 2..384.801.297 2.564,089.165 $84,526 182.244 246,320 139,494 208.474 988,371 1,448,434 641.826 2,056,482 587,940 360,376 800.358 429,209 217,423 140,210 363,341 2,530,284 3,920,385 1,382,839 950.963 1,680.299 1,627,418 3,923.597 3,368,007 3.471.767 3.878.448 1.699.395 4,934,240 5,347,936 4.3S2.192 2.687.919 2.401,382 2.397,691 2,277,041 4,798,885 4,915.101 4,506.825 4.664,390 4,379,638 7.288,415 5.312,023 5,409,788 7,450,636 9.403.916 8,163.203 14,894,539 13,960,167 14,404,028 7,100,911 5,.559,792 0.403,980 6,791.584 7.394,612 6,515,567 7.783.393 8,079.822 7,592,542 8,155,539 8,531.897 7,122.249 80.826,502 100,306,729 91.672.430 25,787,6.55 15.577.897 12,950,778 UNITED STATES EXPORTS PERCENTAGE RELATION FOODSTUFFS RAW MATERIALS MANUFACTURED GOODS MANUFACTURED GOODS TO TOTAL EXPORTS M Year Food- stufTs, Percent 1900.... 1901.... 1002.... 1903... 1904.... 1905.... 1906..,. 1907 1908... 1909... 1910. : . 1911 .. 1912... 1913... 1914... 1915... 1916.., 1917.., 1918.. 1919.. 1919A Note: *Calendar year. I A<^endar Year M !1 i 658 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 659 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES BY GRAND DIVISIONS Fiscal Year I I I 1800... 1810... 1820. . 1830. . 1840. . 1850.. 1855.. I860.. 1861.. 1862.. 1863.. 1864.. 1865.. 1866. . 1867.. 1868.. 1869. . 1870. . 1871.. 1872.. 1873.. 1874. . 1875.. 1876.. 1877.. 1878.. 1879.. 1880.. 1881.. 1882.. 1883.. 1884.. 1885.. 1886.. 1887.. 1888.. 1889.. 1890.. 1891 . . 1892.. 1893.. 1894.. 1895.. 1896.. 1897.. 1898.. 1899.. 1900.. 1901.. 1902.. 1903.. 1904.. 1905.. 1906.. 1907.. 1908.. 1909.. 1910.. 1911.. 1912. . 1913.. 1914.. 1915.. 1916.. 1917.. 1918. . 1919.. 1919*. Exports to Europe North America $41,348,088 46,853,851 48,116,538 48,175.248 98,930,684 113,862,253 200,761,143 310.761,818 170,339,184 157,741.886 227,456.975 222.S09.420 201,758,310 458.310.344 354,932.412 365,392.235 328,059.182 420,184,014 479,738,693 450,167,843 539.061.323 572.511,479 533,5-44,921 538,322,835 557.244,615 597,774.959 694.189,272 719,433,788 766.113,798 600,100.498 659,867.396 583,795.462 599.240,748 541.373,039 575.300.326 549.0'.)2,503 578,902.520 683,736.397 704,798,047 850,623,150 661,976,910 700,870,822 627,927,692 673.043.753 813.3S5.644 973.806.245 936,602.093 1,040,167,763 1,136.504,605 1.008.033,981 1.029.2.56,657 1,057,930,131 1,020,972,641 1,200,166,036 1,298,452,380 1,283,600.155 1,146,755.321 1,135,914.551 1,308,275.778 1,341,732,789 1.479,074,761 1,486,498,729 1,971,434,687 2,999,305,097 4,324,512,661 5,732.174,352 4,634,816,841 5.185,980,350 Note: *Calend»r year. South America Asia Oceania $27,208,618 16,066,899 16,810.597 18,886,434 23,737,078 24,722,610 50,816,532 53,325,937 49.915,433 48,011,793 73,202.910 79.554,810 94,837,990 67,331,613 61.890,552 68,289,670 05,848,784 68,962.006 77.348.184 73.230.648 81.629,759 94.942,138 86,166,454 79,926,699 83.058,656 78,762,184 67,598,525 69,437,783 83,156.899 85,793.255 99,428,476 92,217,190 76,764,748 71,980,400 73,425,948 79,995,497 89,550,476 94,100,410 96,549,129 105,566,184 119,788.889 119,693,212 108,575,594 116,567,496 124,958,461 139,627,841 157,931,707 187,594,625 196,534,460 203,971,080 215,482.769 234.909,959 260.570.235 308,382,982 349,840,641 324.674.719 309.476.694 385.520.069 457,059,179 516,837,597 617,413,013 528,644.962 477,075.727 733,024,674 1,163.75S.100 1.236.359.013 1,291,932,342 1,295,812,471 $1,611,738 1,133,689 4.587..391 5,969,517 9,076,724 13.455,417 16,742,100 14,348,897 11,776,079 16.18S,019 19,359,562 21,606,908 17,924,295 21.770,346 20,652.085 19,531,311 21,651,459 19,599,581 27,006,890 29,661,967 26.747,020 24.096.950 22.862,746 22,577,154 24,690,478 23,437.376 23.190.220 25.304.846 27.224.850 29,570,659 31,226,934 27,734,857 26,131,991 30,744.497 29.579,227 35,021,017 38.752.648 33,708,290 33,147.614 32,639,077 33,212,310 33,525,935 36,297,671 33,768,646 33,821,701 35,659,902 38.945,763 44.400,195 38,043,617 41.137,872 50,755,027 56,894,131 75,1.59.781 82,157,174 83.583,874 76,561.680 93.246,820 108.894,894 132.310,451 146,147,993 124.539,909 99,323.957 180.175.374 2.59.480.371 314.558.794 400.901, tiOl 442,127.329 $1,177,846 556,881 3.289.000 1.845.224 2,286.290 3.051.720 3,516,195 11,067,921 8.335,-568 6,697,723 7,742,987 9,772,558 9,529,596 11,799.410 11,449,618 13,844,105 16,947,124 10.972.064 7.781.138 13.965,166 18.727.094 15,087.695 13,972,-305 15.528.567 27,449,945 28,998,343 11,752,969 11,645,703 12,917,348 18.393.671 16,348.742 16,913,978 20,739,972 21,980,999 19,322,172 18,929.152 18.439.626 19.696,820 25,553,308 19,590,350 16,222,354 20,872,761 17,325,057 25,630,629 39.274,905 44,707,791 48,360,161 64,913,807 49,390,712 63,944,077 58,359,016 60,151,347 128.504,610 105,451,610 92,703,664 101,784.932 71,792,187 60,861,813 85,422,428 117,461,635 115,056,620 113,425,616 114,470,493 278,610,881 380.249,708 447,429,267 603,924,548 703.667,109 $14,112 227,560 8.906 93.668 454,814 208,129 4,673,429 5.373,497 4.07.-..677 3.810.725 4,633,702 6,444,017 7,552,117 7,675,428 6,229,659 5,992,691 7,027,415 4.334,991 3,307.841 3,613,780 4.677.457 4.493,916 4,276,979 4,771,212 7,345,929 8,607.644 9,900,550 6,846,698 9,506,577 12.460.664 13.571,721 13.105.604 13,605.468 14,777.407 13.867,552 14,746,065 18,239,403 16,460,269 18,631,801 15,572,767 11,199,477 11,914,182 13,109,231 17,197.229 22.6.52,773 22,003,022 29,875,015 43.391,275 35,392,401 34,258,041 37,468.512 32,850,681 33,079.446 35,141,751 41,186,193 46,789.201 41,389,788 50.890,087 66,060,813 71,936.513 79,102,845 83,568.417 77,764,725 98,775,828 109,314,490 134,891,888 208.351,493 195,894,170 Africa $1,110,374 1.407,828 305,968 233,601 707,563 977,284 1.934.130 3,227.760 2,330,154 1.900.779 2,783,989 2,351.772 2,412,202 2,385,304 2,916,233 2.732.053 1,714,213 3,414,768 3.203,113 4,005.140 3.524.474 3.037.144 3.470.782 4.814.382 4,271,788 4,770,729 4,758,701 5.084,466 5.377.878 6,569,319 5,052,480 3,254,441 4,103,962 3,280,994 3.522,716 3.612,063 4,248,333 5,082,140 5,250,235 5.778,083 5,838,487 5,577,285 7.074.656 13,870,760 16,953,127 17,515,730 18,594.424 19.469,840 25.542,618 33,468,605 38.436,853 24.230.126 18.540.603 19,562.340 16.511,026 20,340,565 17,035,434 18,.551,380 23,607,107 24,043,424 29.088,917 27,901,515 28,519.751 43,591.031 52,733,064 54,298,757 85,157,432 59,452,756 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES BY SEA AND LAND Fiscal Ykar By Sea In American Vessels In Foreign Vessels Total Pet. in American Vessels By Land Vehicles Total by Land and Sea 1855 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 $203,250,562 279,082,902 179,972,733 125,421,318 132,127,891 102.849.409 93,017,756 213,671,466 180.625,368 175,016,348 1.53,154,748 199,732,324 190,378,462 168,044,799 171,566.758 174.424.216 156.385.066 167.686.467 164,826,214 166,551,624 128,425,339 109,029,209 116,955,324 96,962,919 104,418.210 98,652,828 82,001,691 78,406,686 72.991,253 67.332,175 83,022,198 77,502,138 78.968,047 81,033,844 70,670.073 73,707.023 62,277,.581 70,392.813 79.941,823 67,792,1.50 78,562,088 90,779,2.52 84,343,122 83,631.985 91.028,200 97.482,054 129,9.58,375 153,8.59,076 141,780,310 120,.593,589 108,129,142 113,736,171 133,. 56.5, .5.52 15.5,601,885 187.938,2.54 169,436,090 290,597,071 499,035.673 794,604.353 961,698,576 1,.583.519,2,35 2,596,030.636 $71,906,284 121,039,394 69,372,180 104,517,667 199,880,691 237,442,730 262,839,588 351.754,928 280,708,368 301,886,491 285,979,781 329,786,978 392,801,932 393,929,579 494,915,886 533.885.971 501,838,949 492,215,487 530,354,703 569,583,564 600,769,633 720,770,521 777,162,714 641,460,967 694,331,348 61.5,287,007 636,004,765 581,973,477 621,802,292 606,474,964 6.30,942,660 747,376,644 773,.569,324 916.023.675 7.33,132.174 769,212.122 695,357,830 751,083,000 905,969,428 1,090,406,476 1,004.590,307 1,193,220,089 1,291,520,938 1.174,263,079 1,190,262,178 1,210,608,328 1,225,063,232 1,396,270,084 1,-520,598,231 1,549,628,630 1,372,692,807 1,402..524,390 1,640,925,993 1,728,790,688 1,887,460,562 1,878,323,769 2,175,758,992 3,327,030,418 4,637,151,133 4,131.830,.591 4,625,529,355 4,495.453.419 $275,156,846 400,122,296 249,344,913 229,938,985 332,008.582 .340,2^)2,139 355,857,344 565.426,394 461.333.736 476,902,839 4.39,134.529 529,519,302 583,180,394 561,974,378 666,482,644 708,310,187 658,224.015 659,901,954 695,180,917 736.135,188 729,194,972 829,799,730 894,118,038 738.423,886 798,749,558 713,939,835 718,006,456 660,380,163 694,793,545 673,807,139 713,964,858 824,878,782 8.52,.557,371 997.057,519 803,802,247 842,919,145 757,635,411 821,475,813 985,911,251 1,158,198,626 1.143,152,395 1.283.999,941 1.375,864,060 1,257,895,064 1,281,290,378 1,308,090,382 1,355,021,607 1,550.129,160 1,662,378,541 1,670,222.219 1,480,821,949 1,51 6, 260, .561 1,774,491,485 1,880,392,573 2,075,398,816 2,047,759.859 2.466.356.063 3,826,066,091 5,431,755,486 5,101,891.343 6,209,048,590 7.091.484.055 73.8 70.0 72.1 54.6 39.8 30.2 26.1 37.8 39.2 36.7 34.9 37.7 32.7 30.0 25.7 24.6 23.8 25.4 23.7 22.7 17.6 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.8 11.4 11.9 10.5 10.0 11.6 9.4 9.3 8.1 8.8 8.7 8.2 8.5 8.1 5.9 6.9 7.1 6.1 6.6 7.1 7.5 9.6 9. 8. 7, 7. 7. .9 .5 .2 .3 .5 7.5 8.1 9.1 8.3 11.8 13.0 14.6 23.4 34.2 36.61 $7,798,156 10,015,089 10,799,430 8,509,205 7,304,376 6,-324,487 6.767,170 7,511,365 7,439,862 5,838,928 8,259.308 12,118,371 25,089,844 26,573,774 24,183,299 19,144.667 21.389,666 22.147.368 28.436,517 32,949.902 31,923,439 33,220,629 43,862,947 49,221,427 49.902,754 61,131,125 65,082,305 73,283,704 83.870,907 110,483,141 111,900,931 112,824,337 138,851,301 152,736,889 163,540.059 193.735,340 218,472,537 190,551,127 182,189,155 228,724,159 274,828,714 323,929,836 390,485,334 316,819,289 302,233,277 507,416,794 795,40S,.564 745,122.890 864,962,939 830,666,539 $275,156,846 400,122,296 249,344,913 229,938.985 332,008.582 340,292,139 35-5,857,344 565,426,394 461,333,736 476.902,839 439.134,529 529,519.302 590.978.550 571,989.467 677,282,074 716,819,392 665,528,391 666.226.441 701,948,087 743,646,553 736,634.834 835.638.658 902.377.346 750,542.257 823,839,402 740,513,609 742,189,755 679,524.830 716,183,211 695,954.507 742,401,375 857,828,684 884.480.810 1,030.278,148 847,665,194 892,140,572 807,538,165 882,606,938 1,050,993,556 1,231,482,330 1,227,023.302 1,394.483,082 1,487,764.991 1,381,719.401 1.420,141,679 1.460.827.271 1.518.561,666 1.743,864.500 1,880.851,078 1.860,773,346 1,663,011,104 1,744.984,720 2,049,320,199 2,204,322.409 2,465.884,150 2,364,579,148 2,768.589.340 4.333.482.885 6.227,164.050 5.838.652.057 7.074.011.529 7,922,150,592 Note: ♦Calendar year. k 660 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SUMMARY OF FOREIGN COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THREE (Calendar Years) Groups 1917 1918 1919 MERCHANDISE Imports Free of duty: , Crude materials for use xn manufac- turing • •. , Foodstuffs in exude condition, and food animals • • • • • Foodstuffs partly or wholly manufac- tured ; ; Manufactures for further use in manu- facturing .• • • • Manufactures ready for consumption . Miacellaneous Total free of duty . Dutiable: , , , Crude materials for use m manufac- 1,156.898.499 316,965.468 59,254.678 422.021,244 168.269,767 12.142.774 tunng • ■•. • , Foodstuffs m crude condition, and food animals • •• Foodstuffs partly or wholly manufac- tured ■ • • • ; Manufactures for further use in manu- facturing • ■ •• • Manufactures ready for consumption . Miscellaneous Total dutiable . Free and dutiable: Crude materials for use in manufac- 2,135,552,430 111,470,644 68,759,261 292,298,183 114,641,807 224,178,372 5,567,258 Perct 54.18 14.84 2.77 19.76 7.88 .57 1,085,289,751 283,535.111 91.723,820 561.447.910 200,809,216 7,547.093 816.915,525 1,268,369,143 Foodstuffs in crude condition, and .^--o, -oq food animals •• | 385,724.729 Foodstuffs partly or wholly manufao- 100.00 13.61 8.42 35.78 14.07 27.44 .68 tured Manufactures for further use in manu- facturing ••:••• Manufactures ready for consumption . Miscellaneous Total imports of merchandise. P«r eent free Duties collected from customs • • • ■ , Average ad valorem rate of duty, based on imports for consumption ■■•■•■. Remaining in warehouse at the end of the month ■ 351,552.861 536.663,051 392.448,139 17,710.032 2,952,467,955 206,926,754 Exports Domestic: . Crude materials for use in manufac- Foodstuffs in crude condition, and food animals • • • Foodstuffs partly or wholly manufac tured .,..., Manfactures for fiuther use in manu facturing • • • • Manufactures ready for consumption Miscellaneous 100.00 42.95 13.06 11.91 18.19 13.29 .60 2,230.352,901 134.995.332 62.117.566 305.646.309 88,136,779 204,098,939 5,864.884 Perct. 48.68 12.70 4.10 25.16 9.00 .36 1,489,884.564 480,843.407 69,407,441 400,924.200 240,157,337 17,986.612 100.00 72.32 7.09 800.859,809 1.220.285.083 345,652.677 397,370.129 649,584,689 404,908.155 13,411,977 100.00 16.87 7.75 38.16 11.01 25.48 .73 3,031.212.710 172.710,642 100.00 40.26 11.40 13.11 21.43 13.36 .44 2,699,203,561 184,370,530 64,444,366 486,283,814 209,399,673 252,175,721 8.528,662 Per ct. 65.20 17.81 2.57 14.85 8.90 .67 100.00 15.30 6.35 40.34 17.38 20.92 .71 100.00 73.58 1.205.202,760 1,674,255.094 545.287.773 555.691.255 610.323.873 492,333.058 26.515.274 3.904,406,327 100.00 42.89 13.97 14.23 15.63 12.60 .68 Total domestic . . . Foreign Total exports. . . . Excess of exports. 780,713.598 508.762,531 806.940,680 1,315,242.260 2,705.845,019 52,113,137 12.65 8.25 13.08 21.32 43.86 .84 6,169,617,225 63,895,372 6,233,512,597 3,281.044.642 100.00 953.182,193 547,435,357 1,405,819.955 1,053.270,139 2.069.242.295 18.924.498 5.86 249,774,758 15.76 9.05 6.047.874.437 101.213.108 6.149.087,545 8,117,874,8351 1,610,142,683 678,470,920 100.00 69.14 6.62 23.24 1,962,720,033 17.42 34.22 .31 100.00 922,407,603 2,564,089,165 12.950.778 20.78 8.76 25.32 11.90 33.08 .17 7.750,781,182 171,369.410 7,922,150,592 1 4.017.744,265 100.00 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 661 Table Continued: Groups 1917 1918 1919 WATER-BORNE COMMERCE Imports In American vessels . In foreign vessels. . . Total (except in land vehicles) Exports In American vessels . In foreign vessels. . . Total (except in land vehicles) . GOLD AND SILVER Gold 732,942,592 1,857.390.376 2.590.332,968 946,074.595 4,457.244.615 5,403,319,210 Imports. Exports . Perct. 28.30 71.70 100.00 17.51 82.49 717,101.733 1,860,348,125 100.00 Imports. Exports. Silver TONNAGE OF \*ESSELS Entered: American Foreign Total entered. Cleared: American Foreign Total cleared . 552,454.374 371,883,884 53,340,477 84.130,876 Net tons. 19,896,521 28,996.843 2,577.449,858 985.811.538 4,240.087.409 Perct 27.82 72.18 5,225,898,947 40.70 59.30 48,893,364 19,991,856 29,605,586 49.597.442 100.00 40.31 59.69 100.00 62,042.748 41,069,818 71,375.699 252,846,464 Net tons. 18,459,610 25,452,026 100.00 18.86 81.14 100.00 1,228,044,599 2,185.879.437 Perct. 35.97 64.03 3,413,924,036 2,596,030.636 4,495,453,419 7,091,484,055 43,911,636 18,761.112 26.210,151 44.971.263 42.04 57.96 100.00 41.70 58.30 100.00 76,534,046 368,185,24 89,410.018 239.021,051 Net tons. 21,932,662 24,769,012 100.00 36.61 63.39 100.00 46.701.674 24,992,076 48.76 26.264,575 51.24 46.96 53.04 100.00 51,256,651 100.00 IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF GOLD AND SILVER BY COUNTRIES FOR 1918 AND 1919 Countries Gold Silver 1918 1919 1918 1919 Imports: France United Kingdom — England. Canada Central American States . . . Mexico West Indies Brasil Chile Colombia British Guiana Peru Venezuela Dutch East Indies Hongkong Philippine Islands All other Total. $1,286 45.787,198 3,309.791 5.244.066 232.274 399,112 261,806 2,537,204 425,628 637,212 295,578 797,872 896.583 1.217,138 $62,042,748 $4,055,739 44,487.390 3,472,634 4,464.140 36,103 26,200 233.837 556.572 139.159 814,583 381.981 3.851,075 10,017.550 581.924 3,415.159 $76,534,046 $193,945 142,104 7,641.496 3,033,759 51,017,055 278,492 3,987 2.160.575 210,327 5,115.577 1.019 248.223 6,956 1,323.185 $71,375,699 $75,524 61,746 7,121.469 5.200.481 63.303.437 90.467 2.155 1.927,324 271.274 121 8,862,537 2,521 1.773.584 20,000 12.327 635.051 $89,410,018 Table continued on page 661 Table continued on page 662 I I 13* % ^1 ii; (i ^ II it J' «62 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Table Continued: Countries Gold 1918 1919 Silver 1918 1919 Exports: France Spain United Kingdom — England. Canada Mexico. West Indies Argentina Chile. Colombia Peru Uruguay Veneauela China British India Dutch East Indies Hongkong Japan All other Total. 10.000 1.546,372 26.543.446 6.000 8.737.474 1.439.984 173.400 1,137,492 1,068,000 *■ '407,656' $41,069,818 4.152,533 29.778.000 2.091.066 5.706.428 10.357.619 32.940 56.560.000 100.000 5.268,620 3,383,369 9.205.000 12.052,220 39.109.769 34,300.666 7.365.111 40.085.969 94.114.189 14.521.749 $368,185,248 $ 5,059,922 32.687.841 3,606.561 2.792,086 91.765 178.621 23.786,077 163,154.135 770.000 19.322,299 6,588,197 228 15,635.386 7,854,378 1,926,433 162,789 3,867 2.000 850,000 77,583,367 109,180,718 1,397,157 $252,846,464 10.245.351 3,946,453 5.041.884 $239,021,051 UNITED STATES EXPORTS AND IMPORTS OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC MERCHANDISE BY CUSTOMS DISTRICTS (Calendar Years) Customs Districts and Exports Imports Headquarters Ports 1917 1918 1919 1917 1918 1919 ATLANTIC COAST Connecticut (Bridge- $ 50.161 107,777,104 35,310.967 377,376.027 208,532,112 2,901,137,542 6,485,602 502.224,480 9.534.355 2.390 1,112.290 137.997.858 $ 2,520 111,391,221 27,111,210 300.717,118 221,314,900 2,560,857,383 4.740.613 425.072.004 8.056,943 400 257.011 99,420,284 $ 5.443.992 4.888.014 18.778.414 36.963.175 229.403,531 1.361,662.146 4.982.646 102.243,789 3.866.565 2.415.252 4.162,126 23.530.504 $ 6,715,348 15.001,448 23.155.230 35.982.665 295.915.214 1.294.414.573 7,394.267 115.011.117 4.568.386 4.129.338 3.788,694 23.468.041 $ 7.749.737 Georgia (Savannah)... Maine and New Hamp- shire (Portland. Me.) Marj'land (Baltimore). Massachusetts (Bos- ton) $ 258,6.82,666 48,160,351 353,713,139 334,554,031 3,457,409,842 28.644,668 523,195,836 11,075,625 426,741 21.407..596 175.021.947 15.397.170 24.025.683 38.900.438 299.364.999 New York (New York) North Carolina (Wil- mington) 2.064.695.411 7.500.980 PhUadelphia (PhUadel- phia) 153.819.044 Porto Rico (San Juan) Rhode Island (Provi- dence) 5,261,052 5,456.800 South Carolina (Charieston) Virginia (Norfolk) .... 2,618,869 4.865.288 Total 4.287,540,888 40.920,800 220.229.353 44.047,011 320.891,445 37,252,561 3.758.941.607 49,595,294 226.833.740 48.825,978 399,996,933 50,923,703 5.212.291.782 72.842,179 467.699,216 74.154.866 563.112.010 57.443.660 1,798.340.154 10.225.983 13.979.398 2.148.263 116.248.563 1.876.869 1.829.544.321 11.712,770 14.012.985 4,328.299 124.258.353 2.077.456 2.629.655.471 GULF COAST Florida (Tampa) Galveston (Galveston) MobUe (Mobile) New Orleans (New Or- leans) 15.275.615 17.704.906 5.347,275 177,286,076 Sabine (Port Arthur) . 4,684,508 Total 663,341,170 776,175,648 1.235.251.931 144.479.076 156,389.863 220,298,380 Table continued on page 663 Table Continued: Customs Districts and Headquarters Ports MEXICAN BORDER Arirona (Nogales) .... El Paso (El Paso) San Antonio (San An- tonio) Total, PACIFIC COAST Alaska (Juneau) Hawaii (Honolulu).. . . Oregon (Portland) San Francisco (San Francisco) Southern California (lx)8 Angeles) Washington (Seattle). Total northern border Buffalo (Buffalo) Chicago (Chicago) . . . Dakota (Pembina) . . . Duluth and Superior (Duluth) Michigan (Detroit) . Montana and Idaho (Great Falls) Ohio (Cleveland) Rochester (Rochester) St. Lawrence (Ogdens- burg) Vermont (St. Albans) . Wisconsin (Milwaukee) Total. INTERIOR Colorado (Denver).. . . Indiana (Indianapolis) Iowa (Des Moines) . . . Kentucky (Louisville). Minnesota (St. Paul).. Omaha (Omaha) Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh) St. Louis (St. Louis) . . Tennessee (Memphis). Utah and Nevada (Salt Lake City) Total Grand total. SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 663 Exports 1917 1918 1919 $11,588,712 5,667,297 31,064.340 $14,122,531 5.682.955 27.750.056 48.420.349 3.116.310 1.244.826 6.415.522 175.136.299 7.179.014 196,932.427 390.024,398 212.819.806 4.419.493 82.763.483 18,721,116 279.142,586 5.322,635 41.033,173 11,169,656 109,367.795 .79,186,426 239.623 47.555.542 1.218.134 5.043.085 15.076.165 214.694.501 6,788.978 296.165.819 $13,954,780 7.938.122 36.124.383 844,185,792 6,233,512,597 638.986.682 208,340.170 69,019.352 79.990.459 51,324,305 379.157.751 4.920,790 40,153,327 12.135.582 107.473.743 64.778.209 10,134.378 58.017.285 1.542,249 4.702.103 44.458.227 240.531.765 15.923.478 292.274.345 1,027,428,066 599,432,167 199.052.319 6.523.832 80.886.388 16.944,308 297.015.608 7.357.951 30,943,612 7.935.920 99,552,191 69,945.364 999,934 817.157.427 6,149,087.545 7.922,150,592 Imports 1917 1918 1919 $21,767,644 2,804,634 21.571,872 46,144,150 1.196.195 6.579.831 2.438.624 231.979.474 8.063.242 289.078,274 $27,718,204 1,603.358 23.092.845 539.335.640 105.612.019 27,008.455 29.292,108 25.181.430 54,131.085 2,690,014 15,373,763 3.061.026 94.280.683 45.793,168 1.637.683 52.414.407 1,175,731 7,696,572 3.799.424 245.519.466 9.417.371 300.954.076 $18,148,798 2.699.307 14.346.501 568.562.640 99.914.863 40.301,025 31,426.630 11.646.532 57.230,708 5,731,011 16,287.787 2,802,794 94,624,279 40,314,542 3.035.990 35.194.606 1.449.362 8.980.704 3.151.964 238.027.061 15.609.610 195.918.779 404,061.434 185.651 594,340 101.730 530.987 11.512.447 439.335 2.505,898 4,021,879 165,822 49,412 403.316.161 192.914 704.170 133.193 875,155 6.180.942 870,855 6.391.960 5.410,395 192.012 33.722 463.137.480 96.738.440 45.803.716 58.324.721 17,082.846 74.895.600 5.001.491 19,860,229 4,582,080 151.616,685 51.223.122 4.367.381 529.496.311 320,601 1.163.129 100.676 487.555 6.172.194 2.277.164 3.245.325 12.349,123 172,010 336,302 20,107.501 2.952.467.955 20,985,318 3,031,212,710 26.624,079 3,904.406,327 il 1 I 664 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS UNITED STATES EXPORTS AND IMPORTS OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN MERCHANDISE BY COUNTRIES (Calendar Years) Coxmtriea Exports 1917 1918 1919 EUKOPB Austria-Hungary .... Aiores, and Madeira Islands Belgium Bulgaria Denmark Finland France Germany Gibraltar Iceland, and Faroe Isl Italy Malta, Go«o, etc Netherlands Norway Portugal Rumania Russiain Europe Serbia, Montenegro, and Albania Spain Sweden Switierland Turkey in Europe . . . $313,469 56,080,886 $118,197 154.649,338 United Kingdom: England Scotland Ireland Total United Kingdom Total Europe .... KORTH AMXRICA Bermuda British Honduras Canada 32,408,830 460,024 940.791,331 3,275 6,905,900 8,636,163 2,402,152 419,034,486 76,249 57,540.570 62.847,557 18,532,641 310,774 315.250.020 3,540 91,584,080 20,467,923 19,409,512 11,353,845 268 931,199,774 9,150,546 4.346,471 2.599.939 492.174,547 1,277,169 11,369,269 36,137,464 21,642,690 1,814,936,817 173,123.451 20,609,373 2.008.609.641 4,061,728,923 2,478,476 2.167,621 828,919,971 8.902.449 17.497 69.188.733 15,674,108 27,602,921 1,952,870.089 101,030,456 7,391,998 2.061,292.543 Central American Stat Costa Rica Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Panama Salvador Total Central American States. Greenland Mexico Miquelon, Langley.etc. Newfoundland and Labrador West Indies: British — Barbados Jamaica Trinidad Tobago . . Other British Total British. , and es: 3.188.367 6.768.002 5.132.695 4,731.071 27,638,661 4,301,324 3.858.697,768 2,120,751 2.295,952 886,877,684 2,100,273 4,241,977 5,033,932 4,503,808 21,116,503 3,902,572 51,760,110 13,192 110.829,375 522.559 9,849,311 $42,211,564 605,481 377,876,308 1,788,125 163.965,478 21,814,029 893,368.996 92,761.314 42,848.023 42.883,610 3,457,622 442,676,842 621,676 255,134.440 135.134,594 19,961.948 6,688,432 27,757.613 2,927,724 102,819,694 133.063,131 76.145.554 20,390,204 2,125,735,211 118,136,042 35,306,795 2,279,178,048 5,185,980,350 2,386,250 2,918,393 734,267,286 4,920,724 8,391,464 7,691,928 6.694.497 22,009.925 5,934.418 40,899,065 5,596 97,788,736 267,581 13,097.557 2,671,028 8,078,289 7,240,376 6.642,207 24,631,900 3,129,965 7,461,153 6,663,750 4,187,569 55,642,956 19,036 131,451,901 496.749 15,189,805 3,870.423 11,105,525 7,777,287 4,726.939 21.432,437 27,480,174 Imports 1917 1918 1919 $64,937 1,603,549 158,022 8,569 977,453 5,076 98,639,653 169,352 61,837 7,956,326 602.837 36,480,807 52,017 22,744,504 6,280.233 8,132.004 1.285 12,350,179 $97,323 1,588,611 13.964 796.418 69.509.854 317,706 4,117 19,136,832 881,305 24,340,022 4,470 8,824,419 2,015,851 3,884,440 36.881.630 18.069,487 19,834,668 229.494,043 28,402,033 22,184,099 6,784,603 18,488,289 5,935,490 16.882,742 280,080,176 551,144,699 988,364 1,819,403 413,674,846 6,374,606 10,470,226 4,967,610 3,813,248 7,484,494 6,625,073 118,513,817 12,870,346 17,230,652 $2,390,973 1,670.322 7,700.100 2.097,928 6,201.750 1,215.361 123,871,409 10,624,229 37,178 28,611,288 542,752 59,048,446 51,602 75,506,503 7,371,249 6,414,961 2,953,480 49,391.903 13,825,982 27,687,818 14,165,285 267,624,665 25,846,085 15,718,515 148,614,815 309,189,265 38,625,156 218,513 130.526,936 6,230,850 318,121,271 1,074,634 2,635.162 451,695,009 8,967.239 8,011,685 6,296,086 4,792,351 8.767,403 8,307,358 760,569,784 1,092,669 2,791,479 494,693.869 6,681.789 12,115,065 7,415,588 5,496,275 7,395,029 4,146,113 44,131,122 97,500 158,643,427 3,191 6,864,490 297,804 3,347,697 7,353,227 3,210,964 14,209,692 941,911 2,972,945 7,112,661 2,866,542 43,149.859 106.500 148,926.376 671 5.361.441 13.883.059 612,011 5,173,204 7,687.110 2,894,045 16,366,370 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 665 Table Continiied: Countries Exports Imports 1917 1918 1919 Cuba ..•• Danish West Indies (Virgin Islands of United States) . . . . . Dominican Republic . . Dutch West Indies . . French West Indies. . . Haiti $ 195,871,266 $ 227,156,047 1,885,497 16.252.321 1.854,592 7,175.045 7,492,396 Total West Indies Total North Amer- ica BOCTH AMERICA 255,163.017 1.640,103 16,119,713 1,358.502 6.357.451 9,069,275 $ 278,391,222 1,804.117 18,740.756 1.914.587 8,781,391 16,327,848 282,133.528 Argentina Bolivia Braiil Chile. Colombia Ecuador Falkland Islands . Guiana: British Dutch French Paraguay Peru Uruguay Venesuela 1,261,703,532 107,098,895 3,498,618 66,157,952 57,549,304 12,573,334 5,432,090 36,887 5,397,646 1,553,248 881,066 504.388 22,015,037 18,414,054 10.780,504 353,440,095 Total South Amer- ica ASIA Aden China China leased territory : British French German Japanese Total China . Chosen 311,893,023 987,622 40,292.059 20.810 229,231 260,814 4,956,557 East Indies: British — British India StraitsSettlements Other British Total British East Indies Dutch East Indies. French East Indies Portuguese East Indies Hong Kong Japan Persia Russia in Asia Siam Turkey in Asia Other Asia 45,759,471 1,793.348 33,599.396 8.204,417 1,023,921 42,827,734 Total Asia. 26,992,354 218,707 3,784 15.747.484 186.340.304 195,215 109,260.439 1.051.858 83,140 431,261,460 1.325.486,360 105,104,548 5,289.008 57.391,417 66,404.300 10,546.409 4,171.684 295,660 5,510.583 1,449.596 775,263 700.595 21,715,751 16,193,451 7,161,345 302,709,610 118,486 52,570.579 878 293.641 93,422 6,176,440 59,134,960 1,825,676 40,392.458 9,948.490 1,013.907 51,354,855 23,379,401 663,102 9,897 24.665.372 273,774,685 148.077 8.433.069 1.577.122 415.948 550 445,501.200 1.295,812,471 155,968,390 4,771,177 114,656,309 53,471,688 24,143.646 7,500.703 169,043 5,125,195 1,547,238 1,085,60'" 894.271 26,945.191 31,419.669 14.429.202 442,127.329 1,659.262 105,514,962 24,521 12,735,007 118,274,490 3,333,471 67.505,528 12,134,504 1.874,326 81,514,358 46.576,489 1,474,953 7,492 22,092.880 366,364,593 908,594 54,678,672 1.937.977 4.841.518 2,360 703,667,109 1917 1918 1919 $ 248,505,986 928,291 12.645,636 948,886 117,799 3,542,167 $ 278,635,027 1,137,501 8,464,500 1,452.243 141,969 6.756,509 280,898,457 $ 418.610,263 1.593.120 12,190,302 3,126,999 56,321 9,705,147 310.470,808 871,982,524 178,245,833 51,948 145,274,931 142,597,929 27,581.217 10.507,223 400,000 220,259 1,473,191 Table continued on page 665 97,029 43,471.316 33.175,381 15.722,275 974,615,243 228,388,215 451,932 98,038,132 166,082,920 24,723,035 10.121.834 461.648,522 1,157,771,286 199,158,401 2,434.750 233,570.620 82,442,364 42,911,409 8,966,435 394,017 605,478 21,769 140,275 34,423,025 35.583.216 11,957,224 598,818,532 610,931,072 1,954,717 125,106,020 5,922 47,104 14,817,698 964.935 110,970,969 399,110 904.920 ■ 1,031,414 33.111,352 50,483.828 32,110,785 687,525,388 5,175,298 154.153,751 139,976,744 102,760 101.057,067 127,562.633 31,010.197 14,057 72,362 29,835,185 140,892,573 139,271 531,223 15,492,291 170,177,265 335,073 259,629.897 129,688.009 150.231.422 19.188,676 299,108,107 140.081,000 145,862,447 36,204.326 322,147,773 88,620,800 10,383,561 253,669,709 1,135.788 2,164,252 149,162 408,579 41.196 758.237,165 74.982.656 3,721 404 30,068.279 301,943,058 630,757 3,975,404 174.892 486,317 4,147 853,374,521 78,746.091 1,623,936 17 22,118,739 409.853,213 1.453,152 6,709.608 223,827 22,837,717 42.420 1,041,444,129 Table continued on page 666 » I i H 666 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 667 Table Continued: Cbuntries Exports Imports 1917 1918 1919 1917 1918 1919 OCEANIA British Oceania: Australia $58,967,.'578 16,318,873 634,783 $79,549,198 22,274,960 863,987 $95,084,059 28,171.585 725.354 $25,012,150 6,990.053 2,276.994 $73,621,268 21,259,532 4.091,141 $.6S.ie0.397 New Zealand Other British 21.329,035 4.736.956 Total British Oceania 75,921.234 102,688,145 123.980,998 34.279.197 98,871,941 84,226,388 French Oceania German Oceania Philippine Islands. . . . 1,029,898 450,719 38,140,152 1,438,148 393.033 52,975,672 1,289.193 313,717 70.310,262 1.849.558 705.800 62.386.641 2,887,549 977.934 85.926.717 2.307,201 2,085,169 66,289,336 Total Oceania AFBICA 115.542.003 157,494,998 2,000 656.027 7,743.715 34.872.819 1.142.463 195,894.170 9.612 2,868,096 13,538,363 44,042.000 1.872.393 99,221.196 188.664.141 154,908,094 5 Belgian Kongo British Africa: West 552.482 6,931,791 30,386,746 1,766.070 570.506 473,254 14.231.221 26.515.730 204,229 14,455,898 36.692.825 508.563 28,503.744 South 38,815,763 East 839,040 TotalBritishAfrica 39,084.607 43.758.997 59,452.756 40,951,180 51.657.286 66.158.547 Canary Islands Egypt 592.555 2,965,688 3.086,529 8.962 4,287 222,977 140,107 403,208 4.243,067 79,177 359.574 6,616.987 3.189.259 3.477 1.497.657 15.826.553 10,834,272 462.349 352,311 212,996 525,459 1.412,224 5,131,859 83.019 247.940 27,352.444 957.674 466.987 356.096 152.466 28.850,475 812.677 8.209 164,540 39,628.681 French Africa German Africa Italian Africa 2.508,237 89,274 495,923 232.506 177.167 982.029 3,207,931 11,665 88.009 21,776 326,202 3,018,856 172.765 Madagascar 132.738 179.859 2.418,636 386 106.267 Morocco 717,774 Portuguese Africa .... Spanish Africa 1.672,373 Total Africa Grand total 51,383,656 6.233,512.597 59,197,619 6.149.087.545 98.669.163 7,922,150.592 73.063.939 2.952,467,955 85,506,462 3,031,212.710 112.187.646 3.904.406.372 UNITED STATES EXPORTS OF DOMESTIC MERCHANDISE BY ARTICLES (Calendar Years) Articles 1917 Abrasives: Wheels, other . AU other emery and Quantity Agricultural imple- ments: Hay rakes and ted- ders Mowers and reapers. Planters and seeders Plows and cultiva- tors Thrashers All other Parts of Total agricultural implements .... Ahuninum Ingot metal and alloys lbs. Plates and sheets.l bs. All other manufact- ures of Total. b9.470.206 b550.198 Animals: Cattle No. Hogs No. Horses No. Mules No. Sheep No. All other including fowls) Total animals. Art works: Paintings and statxiary Asbestos: Ore and unmanu- factured tons Manufactures of . . . . AK>haltum: Unmanufactured tons Manufactures of Athletic and sporting goods Bark for tanning, tons Bauxite concentrates tons Billiard tables and ac> 20.009 15,588 169.000 72,590 30.359 632 26.887 cessones Blacking and polishes. Bones. hoofs. and horns, unmanufac- tured Brass: Scrap and old, fit only for remanu- facture lbs. Bars, plates, sheets, etc lbs. Cartridge shells, empty Pipes and fittings. . . Wire lbs. All other manufac- tures of 906 21.791 Total. 8.298.989 328,346.666 bl.804.741 1918 1919 Value $4,881,600 1,941,512 777.383 12.740,301 431.358 7.592.145 2.749.171 8,974.291 33.264,649 a9.029,458 b4,269,643 b301,550 b985.816 Quantity 14,586,467 1.291,714 276,451 33,058.960 13,716,063 278,759 383.903 49.005.850 296.836 116.580 1.932.551 686.673 686,055 1,377.424 26.033 1.323,926 88.287 1,057,231 173,159 1.758.384 101.521,426 b3,533,834 b402,l67 b729.768 131,945.530 239.891,109 20,152,798 3,982,173 17,280 10,308 51.170 17,319 7.962 Value $3,862,531 1,982.822 562.664 5.228.407 849.070 8.705.989 2.034.713 8.508.818 6.969.503 32.849.164 Quantity 7.478.149 1,500.903 1,890.336 10,869,388 1.082.758 333,729 9,858,476 3,360,653 120.882 288.645 4.458.195 562,157 622 19,739 513 19,711 69,859 24.745 19.691 7.122 34.531 4.909,820 30,989,717 1,748.883 15,045,142 341,035 51,053 2.493.326 577.654 577,936 2.183,486 18,807 1,523,688 170,958 1,186,951 307,671 799,318 9.522.934 566.829 1.137.336 707.287 17.071,694 099 29,805,398 35,900 668 17.701 Value $3,032,067 2,809,231 605.427 10.494.72J 693.698 10.504.348 1.660.168 9.527.727 7.702.403 41,188.494 1,496.65» 249.237 2.146.430 3,890.326 6.439.521 683,911 2,866,396 1.189,18a 369.974 464,702 1,321.767 7,770.671 1,115.908 12.003.684 1,150,015 157,416 3,529,348- 1,103,930 606,91» 2,903,291 47,741 1,372,004 311.522 2.722.332 370.634 176.028 2.310.561 169.961 1.413.875 403.899 9.438.554 13,912.878 Table continued on page 668 I !'i i! t 668 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 669 Table Continued: Table Continued: Articles, and Countries to Which Exported 1917 1918 1919 Breadstuffa: Barley bush Barley flour bbls. Bran and mid- dlings tons Bread andbiscuit.lbs. Buckwheat. . . .bush Corn bush Corn meal and corn flour bbls. Dried grain and malt sprouts tons Mill feed tons Oats bush Preparations of. for table food — Oat- meal and rolled oats lbs. All other cereal prep- arations Rice lbs. Rye bush Rye flour bbls. Wheat bush Wheat flour bbls. All other breadstuffs Quantity 17,858,849 Total. 6,833 14.202.243 121,636 62 167,683 1 210,842 961 22.253 98,677,544 268,861,843 Value $ 26,207,499 207,588,404 13,411,496 212,890 106,196,318 13,926,117 Broom corn tons Brooms Brushes Buttons All other Candles lbs. Cars, automobiles, and other vehicles: Aeroplanes and parts of — Aeroplanes . . . No. Parts of Automobiles and parts of — Automobiles — Commercial. . .No. Passenger .... No. Parts of, not includ- ing engines and tires Total automo- biles . and parts of Carriages. No. Cars for railways — For steam railwaj'S- Passenger .... No. Freight and other No. For other railways No. Bicycles, tricycles, etc. Motor Cycles No. Motor warehouse and motor station trucks No. Wagons Wheelbarrows, push- carts and hand- trucks All other vehicles and parts of Total cars, etc . 3,160 6,469,182 140 14,479 65,756 2,295 280,859 1,605,614 194,333 72,936,631 10,048,683 38,632 966,045 71,351,798 11,990,386 10,327.734 12.376,588 25,871,354 2.088,150 245,833,521 138,438,813 1,431,770 14,320 b373 12,951 631,988,510 941,591 163.677 910,746 978.517 b283,096 b569,338 842,554 1,100,207 6,505,566 36,755,236 51.872,905 31,624,963 Quantity 18,805.219 b360,073 7.372 8.585,891 1,420 39.899.091 1,790.016 217 9.652 114.462.932 120,253.104 137,701 314,295 23.796,771 1,633,941 1,434,637 3,035,032 bl 17,652 859,120 595,027 14,273.615 Value $ 30,566,377 b3.877.852 32,285 1,277,704 3,021 69,269,329 18,761,103 13.394 466.242 98.221.637 299.198.016 17,363,080 167.932,776 7,631,639 1.446,075 111,177,103 21,706,700 173,056.667 4,343 6,854.197 12,424,710 15,615,618 15.449,730 260,612,978 244,653,422 5,751,037 6,562,336 48 10,308 36,936 1,100 98 8,050 2.621 9,212 305 5,624 801,497,716 1,396,348 157,886 1,099,016 '63V.948 1,806,874 1,274,707 607.255 14,670,269 26,814,962 36,278,292 33,607.050 Quantity 37,611,840 255,845 4,517 12,827,005 186,074 11,192,568 1,202.449 2.261 12,228 55,294,535 220.883,637 377,497,423 32,898,166 1,266,030 148.086,470 26,449.581 96,700,294 56,256 883.607 11,522,608 1,192,403 1,540,920 2,169,385 349,403 519,787 480,914 20,432,996 4,319 Value $ 63.832.319 2,572,396 233,114 2,506,447 307,454 18,624,400 10.920.847 137,197 798,636 46.485.424 11,995.782 8,817t694 34,812,805 61,786,232 12,424,508 356,918,296 293,449,517 3,786.189 • • • • • 8.663,047 44 16,669 67,086 1,352 106 27,317 2.915 151.126.096 24.481 639 7,743 920,409,157 902,166 292,729 1,470,555 " " 710.727 2,685,960 1.736,955 215,300 3,249,226 35,385,069 73,650,427 42.562,186 161.697,682 112,505 1.610.790 57.473.824 1.668.708 3.2.34,915 6,687,436 532.911 750,326 774,280 33,340.952 261.248.855 Articles, and Countries to Which Exported 1917 Celluloid, and manu- factures of Cement, hydraulic bbls. Chalk, manufactures of Chemicals, drugs, dyes and medicines: Acids — Carbolic lbs. Nitric lbs. Picric. lbs. Sulphuric Ibfl. All other Total acids . Quantity '2.'58'6,2i5 b7.298,380 b485.863 b26,609,438 63,522,930 Alcohol, wood gals. Baking powder. . . .lbs. Calcium carbide. . .lbs. Coal-tar distillates, n. e. s. — Beniol lbs. Ail other Copper, sulphate of (blue vitriol) . . . .Ibe. Dyes and dyestufiTs . . . Aniline dyes Logwood extract . . . All other Value 3.361,808 5,328.536 165,281 b3,473,521 b46,060 bl7,234,765 1.006,125 30,932.169 1,122,191 5,933,496 30,954,253 bl6.860,496 29,068,748 Total. Extracts for tanning . . Formaldehyde (forma lin).. Glycerin Ibe. Infants' food Lime — Acetate of lbs. Chloride of, or bleaching powder, lbs. Medicinal and pharm- aceutical prepara- tions Petroleum jelly Potash — Chlorate lbs. All other Roots, herbs and barks- Ginseng lbs. All other Boda Caustic lbs. Sal soda lbs. Silicate of soda. .lbs. Soda ash lbs. All other salts of . . . Total soda. Sulphur or brimstone tons. Washing powder and fluid lbs. All other chemicals, etc. Total chemicals, etc b9,e09,980 14,378,032 b8.848,789 b7.049.986 205,684 b89,992,773 bl.436.888 bl4,549,574 b98,42 1,008 Chewing gum Clays: Fire tona. All other tons. Clocks and watchee: Clocks and parts of. Watches and parts of 152,736 4,472,841 48,235 26,066 52,692,640 1,175,822 1,587,488 1,063,427 bl.446.250 b2,855.394 3,038.3&0 b7. 152, 089 b3,503.218 bl.404,709 b4,046,745 16,106,761 3.372,417 b394,609 b4,747,923 b855,183 665.365 b421,397 9,740,315 1,246,901 b475,434 638,768 1,387,067 955,235 b9,322,233 b5.832,59S b97,772 b216,828 b2,884.569 4.030.196 22,384,196 3,500,819 250,845 62,336.213 1918 1919 Quantity 193,327,849 1,403,888 268,093 178,764 2.210,302 1,793,326 2,252,446 6,477,841 1.013.196 39.584,858 80,294,643 2,624,312 4,795,751 18,146,239 33,294,577 Value 4,680.947 5.912,166 172,165 2,666,634 113.617 23.231.892 1,278,027 4,213,868 Quantity 2,463,689 1,253,421 501,618 2,474 21,295,537 14,477,339 31.604,038 2,035,950 1,533,249 1,347,458 1,904,360 5,867,830 1,395.946 8,629,611 1,551,380 6,636.909 718.427 4,007,626 23,903,492 14,268,419 Value S 7,966,493 7,516,019 333,673 364,187 73,054 2,684 489,978 4.613.395 9,140.673 21.754,728 15.682.813 9.460,793 1,391,663 226,731 97,378,334 12,716.453 28.250,360 238,434,992 131,092 4,141,497 16,817.900 3,125,842 796,718 11,766,636 2,450,102 758,622 310,268 10,824.061 1,635,590 539,491 837,679 1,372.586 728,143 3,963,392 16,362,929 21,019.751 5,602,813 213.865 404,796 7,805,550 6,587,134 1^982,204 307,585 164,235,420 11,126,970 24,300,567 100,961,927 53,755 21.739 20,614,158 3,626.638 210.136 43,236.459 165,239.860 1.695,903 333,880 192.053 2,147.980 1,804.388 224,712 5.170.244 33.470 27,663 6,543.298 750,167 1,134,761 1,404.920 535.132 1.103.750 92S.291 10,724,071 1,355,936 5.004,428 17,084,435 6,698,134 1,270.797 1.190.984 2.854.653 410,646 517,324 18,985,793 2.594.338 524.208 2.231,351 3.338,531 1,632.281 6.748,762 178,385 338,818 2,656,608 7,226,222 17,148,795 6,325,552 295,490 40,122,867 133,526,488 2,164,290 262,501 249.571 3,920.514 2,273.045 Table continued on page 670 Table continued on page 669 i 670 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 671 Table Continued: Articles, and Countries to Which Exported 1917 1918 1910 Coal and coke: Coal- Anthracite., .tons. Bituminous, tons. Coke tons. Coal tar bbls. Cocoa and chocolate, prepared or manu- factured, not includ- ing confectionery . . . Coffee: Green or raw . .lbs. Roasted or prepared lbs. Quantity 5,363.666 21.285,320 1,258.321 68.504 46,035,832 2,556.209 Confectionery Copper: r\ /gross tons O'^ icopper.lbs. Concen- trates,/ matte,) gross tons and re-l copper ,lb8. gulus . . I Pigs, ingots, plates, wire, etc. — Unrefined, black, blister and con- verter copper, lbs. Refined copper, in ingots, bars or other forrrs. . lbs. Composition metal, copper chief value lbs. Old and scrap lbs. Pipes and tubes . . . lbs. Plates and sheets, .lbs. Wire, except insu- lated lbs. Total pigs, ingots, plates, wire, etc. lbs. All other manufactures of • Total copper, and manufactures of, except ore, etc. . Cork, manufactures of Cotton: Unmanufactured — Sea Island. . i^^^ Upland and /bales other. . . .Ubs. . /bales libs.. 63.616 5,135,818 4,105 821,477 Linters Total. /bales \lb«.. Manufactures of — Blankets and com- forts Cloths- Duck — Unbleached, .yds. Bleached yds. Colored yds. Total duck. yds. All other cloths — Unbleached, .yds. Bleached yds. Value $30,909,798 79,502,654 8,543,746 180,560 5,102,813 6,696,780 502.817 2,108,081 I 1,410,072 } 205.888 Quantity 4,435.543 19,956.009 1,506.986 58,554 43,031,687 1,694,928 / 29. I 2,387, 378 275 16,992,357 1,030.779,328 bl, 228,032 1.070.389 b7,260,833 42.664,931 26.879,498 1,126,875,368 4,614,843 306,847,639 b350.561 300,609 b3.023.563 12,995,503 8,975,078 I 4,220 872.564 337.107,796 16,957,876 1.841 744.827 4.369,193 12.251.187.050 447,856 224.206,420 4.818,843 2,476.138,297 8,398,833 2,458,643 1,493,547 354,065,672 655,765 445,085 550.906,338 23.952,359 14,687.823 690.027.891 186,260 257,403 4,109,226 19,471,584 15,689,554 Value 129.215,689 78,664,856 11,861.408 168,720 6.961,457 6,365,160 296,642 1,225,928 578.165 211.392 Quantity 4.443.391 17,969,514 640,139 76,592 28.289.105 6.256,449 2,601 507,846 744,429,741 2,632 1.0.57.147 3.964.700 12,047,096.381 145.017 70,021,654 3.825,606 178.831.041 60.128 60.733 1,845,222 5,677,408 4,750,942 / 402 I 160.821 195,051,080 5,286,143 12.351,023 125.319,773 143,198,426 I 575.303.782 bl.132,466 4.255.424 1,002,157 471,781 f 4.112,349 12,118,175,182 5,729.362 11,787.698 17,661,784 5.097.520 2,254,458 731,388 8,083,366 73.436.891 99,227.003 200,337,223 996,821 856,011 664,386,262 I 8,880,517 1,674,411 438,160,818 364,089 449.804 5.993.959 13.764.425 55.579.125 Value $36,668,131 83.668,842 5.128,119 198.503 21,380.801 7.295,511 1,563.854 12,305,082 95,930 32,611 515,986,631 360,089 95,636.546 110,032 74.104 2.206,895 4.090.496 14.813.546 117,291,703 4,554.623 I 674.122.790 2.498.163 3,430,806 1.234.330 312.967 6,052 2,492.137 6,526,173 [3.352,493,841 24.962 12,692.007 6,557,187 3.367,677,985 121.846.326 1,081,537 1,543,266 1.134,817,274 1,010.712 4.978.103 11.830.027 19,090.986 9,145.648 4,362.444 1.319.388 14.827.480 142.868,158 126,256,010 |l.l37,371,252 3,551,511 7.473.972 3.059,235 721.274 11.254.481 23.587,129 26,191,621 Table Continued: Articles, and Countries to Which Exported 1917 Colored — Printed yds. Dyed in the piece yds. Dyed in the yarn * yds. Total cloths, .yds. Laces and embroideries Mill waste lbs. Rags, except paper stock lbs. Thread, sewing, cro- chet, etc Wearing apparel — Collars and cuffs . . . Corsets Knit goods Ho8ier>'...do». pairs Underwear All other Quantity 183,295,059 105,419,979 195,037,632 764,621,892 Total knit goods. All other wearing ap- parel For men and boys For women and children Total wearing apparel Yam lbs. All other manufac- tures of Total manufac- tures of cotton Dental goods: Teeth All other Earthen, stone, and china ware: Brick- Building M Fire M Chinaware Earthen and stone ware Sanitary earthenware (closet bowls, lav- atories, sinks, etc.) Tiles, except drain. , All other Total Eggs do*. Egg yolks, canned eggs, etc Electrical machinery and appliances, ex- cept locomotives: Batteries Carbons Dynamos or gener- ators Fans No. Heating and cooking apparatus Insulated wire and cables Interior wiring sup- plies, including fix- tures 62,259,352 4,075,111 b3. 180.994 12.172 101.535 19.886,079 Value $18,559,148 15,460,989 26,281,686 44,710 95,480,667 1.614.299 9.005,446 245,419 bl, 135.619 bl60.119 1,5.52.161 a6,826.053 6b. 139,392 bl. 343,696 b699.748 15.008,889 a6,025,084 b3,121,366 bl,214,755 27,082,374 6.583,081 16,539,445 158,818,816 296,493 1,808,385 196,207 4,011.546 422,641 805,784 323,558 450.422 743,105 6,953,263 7.270.543 101,112 3,624,224 739,717 2,394.647 609.981 b256.533 7,189.180 1,405.808 1918 1919 Quantity 139,768,162 133,174,426 90,484,726 544,174,574 46,868,332 5.024,629 Value $21,628,277 30,073,012 19,918,898 5,574,343 13,355,800 107,519,333 1,569,322 9,488,664 342,419 2,824,776 329,227 1,923,078 Quantity 137,665,935 156,032,678 105,294,039 682,944,300 57,317.920 6,182,528 Value $23,205,902 40,662,419 27,095.972 13.258,474 2.897,486 945,833 17,101.793 6.181.308 3,015,130 28,550,536 8,846,694 19,389.579 9.477,338 20,699,124 151.997,524 1.731.675 2.411.704 515.754 4,367,762 771.219 2,880.858 26,882.566 8,602.293 1,508.995 36.993.354 10.082.218 3.664.724 6,679 89.608 181.029,486 331,345 1,427,959 117,263 5,001,057 318,448 783,577 377,527 582,051 752,651 54,392,873 14,488.630 29,657.978 20,938,278 54,573 12,169 51,252 7,932,574 8,428,214 718,066 3,178,437 1,600,920 3,363,349 847,327 686,339 5,604,929 273.115.411 363.250 2,455,376 248.690 2,747.512 523,861 1.148.051 563.734 628.836 721.600 38.789,470 76,527 1,428,615 6,582.284 18,812,231 131,747 5.998.337 1,391,765 5,799,885 1,421,160 1,579.757 8,815.212 2.319.498 Table continued on page 671 f , Table continued on page 672 I 672 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Table Continued: Articles, and Countries to Which Exported 1917 1918 Lampe — Arc No. Incandescent — Carbon filament No. Metal filament No. Magnetos, spark plugs, etc Meters and measur- ing instruments Motors Rheostats and con- trollers Switches and acces- sories Quantity 1.349 1,280,666 13,701,725 Telegraph apparatus, including wireless. Telephones Transformers All other Total electrical machinery ,eto Explosives: Cartridges, loaded . . Dynamite lbs. Fuses _. Gunpowder, includ- ing smokeless, lbs. Shells and projectiles loaded All other 17,930,665 438,459,254 Total . Feathers Fertilisers: Phosphate rock, ground or un ground — High-grade hard rock tons Land pebble. . tons All other tons Superphos- r hates tons other fertili- lers tons Total tons Fibers, vegetable, manufactures of Bags Cordage lbs. Twine — Binder lbs All other twine All other manufac- tures of Total 12,403 138,010 15,945 b3,844 174.592 344.794 15,242.029 129.725,374 Fire extinguishers . . Fish: Fresh, except sal- mon lbs Dried, smoked or cured — Cod. haddock, hake, and pol- lock lbs. Herring lbs. All other lbs. Pickled, except sal- mon bbls. 12,328,352 22,920,528 4,191,334 1,748,873 22.801 Value S 16,418 184,100 2,884,475 bl,757.848 1,213.278 6.497.722 b93,6l2 bl,025,003 555,703 2,212.237 1,747.884 20,860,605 Quantity 773 627,867 14,585.166 65,268,975 42,122,656 3.953.374 bl6.945,589 337,904,687 b36.755.525 202,252,574 639,934.405 353.103 113.392 548,203 173,450 bl06,77S 5,627,304 6,569,127 2.490.921 3,285,621 20,161.143 1,634.406 3,631.333 31,203,424 1,107,445 915,580 2,411.843 276.202 131.421 Value $ 14.139 102.872 3.369,192 2.749,705 1.887,925 8,225.197 288.757 2.195.300 378.806 2.687,483 3,528.673 17.845.641 18.204,644 229,377,058 57.771 64.559 21.125 6.991 74,115 224.561 12,684,673 98,311,229 236,5791 8,922,615 31,404.648 4.295.251 2.070.364 22.396 69,983,606 10,764.765 4,845,888 3,050,257 179,648,156 3.812.608 41.406.865 243.528,539 252.903 446.419 303. 7 oS 163.308 257.928 3.359,497 4,529.910 2,820.448 3,397,064 22,136,268 1,351,959 2,836.087 1919 Quantity 1,097,665 17.071.960 32,541.826 1,635,801 832,968 4,221.858 437.991 222,798 334,389 Value f 16.893 202.590 4,674.317 3.034,775 2,891.307 10,636.476 614,760 3.564.789 830,887 3.783,398 3.787.851 27,827,071 11.273,528 6,751,799 218.539 128.860 31.603 86,852 188,253 654,107 20,285,956 68,764,147 10,162.696 42,058,547 5,164,727 1.787,726 89,089.711 16,411,597 2,379,016 600,718 5,990,744 736,251 2,281,381 28,399.707 863,250 2.321,352 904.308 369,113 2.781,151 14,533,946 20.909,870 5,565,972 4,316,109 13,383,847 1,643,518 6,204,943 31.114,389 784,169 919.093 6,560,673 502.416 193,036 18.718 319,202 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 673 Table Continued: Articles, and Countries to Which Exported 1917 Salmon — Canned lbs. Pickled bbls. All other salmon. . Canned fish, except salmon and shellfish. Shellfish- Oysters All other AH other fish and fish products Total fish. Flavoring extracts and fruit juices Flowers, cut Fly paper and fly traps Fruits and nuts: Fruits — Apples, dried.. lbs. ^Apples, green or ripe ._ . bbls. Apricots, driedlbs. Berries Lemons . . . boxes Oranges .... boxes Peaches, dried lbs. Pears, green or rif>e. bbls Prunes, dried, lbs. Raisins, and other dried grapes.lbs All other fruits.. . Dried Green or ripe Preserved — Canned Peaches All other Quantity 95.662.164 b671 Total. All other preserved fruits Total fruits. Nuts- Peanuts lbs. All other Total fruits and nuts Furniture of metal — OflBce furniture All other Furs and fur skins: Raw or unmanufac- ttired Dressed, and manu- factures of Total furs and fur skins Glass and glassware: Bottles, demiiohns, carbo3rs. and jars. Chemical glaMware. Common window glass, boxes (50 sq ft.) 7.852,773 958.104 6,728.910 145,321 1,860,139 6,523.700 48,077.017 48,446.153 12.891.286 728,454 Value 12,638,776 bl7,324 248,567 3,220,786 517,031 1,051,824 179.376 21.845.309 730,996 130,938 99,705 691,111 4,496,707 956,884 849,764 583,000 4,649,893 616,782 1,099,028 4,358,810 4,401,824 al.221.681 b472,226 b2,374,154 a2,242,997 b730,586 b3,129,614 6,103,197 756,301 33.631,362 1,093,368 607,564 35,332.294 a811,417 b207,705 b633,165 10,655,995 3.913.124 14,569,i;9 2,542,804 a65,336 2,888,645 1918 1919 Quantity 91,101,734 2,185 2,200,483 579,916 5,262,206 193,347 857,159 4,839.598 Value $ 13.149.307 55.097 313,637 8.609,313 413,203 1,006,681 202,189 22,888,112 52,657,814 12,319,004 683,215 29.799,431 967,421 173,991 122,370 311,350 3,135,203 754,780 887,561 1,088,823 4,279,429 544,455 928.841 2,177.976 4,668,021 Quantity 169,750,672 22.829 24.704,359 1,712,367 37.143,824 Value $ 28,714,706 956,228 842,464 6,755,056 665,694 1,207,694 457,436 752,868 3,396,709 1,178.547 4.134,272 5,312.819 1.989,945 307,916 1,777.468 9,022,334 108,208,257 110.183,033 48,093,698 1,341,656 171,407 168,679 4,109,828 14,471,282 8,505,348 1,181,742 1,371,848 7,638,450 1,559,873 1,764.671 15.721.951 13.089.366 2,557,451 4,713,008 9.489.850 31.985.772 30.228,780 1.602.657 541.641 32,373.078 458,259 1.356.835 9.214.067 2.160.107 11,374,174 2.781.076 179,682 3,812.653 19.778.490 965.970 41.475,622 4.518.343 122.678.783 2,123.411 1.462.408 126.264.602 900,108 1,983,488 16,313,726 7,474.873 23.788,599 5.283,655 200.969 6.492.608 11 f-: - Table continued on page 673 Table continued on page 674 »! 674 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 675 Table Continued: Articles, and Countries to Which Exported 1917 1918 1919 Cut or engraved glaw ware Plate glass, unsilvered Bq.ft. All other Total glass, etc . . . Glucose and grape sugar: Glucose (corn syrup) lbs. Grape sugar (corn sugar) lbs. Total lb«. Glue Gold and silver, manu- factures of, includ- ing jewelry: Gold and silver, manufactures of. . Jewelry Grease: Lubricating Soap stock and other Hair, animal: Unmanufactured . . . Manufactures of Hats and material for: For men and boys — Felt All other For women and children — Untrimmed Trimmed Trimming, includ- ing artificial flow- ers Quantity 5.942.723 162,076,927 25,765,875 177,842,802 4,216,186 Total. Hay tons. Hides and skins, ex- cept fur skins, raw: Calf lbs. Cattle lbs. Horse lbs. Another lbs. Total lb«. Honey lbs. Hops lbs. Household and person- al effects India rubber, manufac- tures of: Scrap and old. . .lbs. Reclaimed lbs. Belting, hose and pack- ing Boots and shoes: Boots pairs. Shoes pairs. Druggists' rubber sun- dries Tires— For automobiles All other tires .... All other manufactures of Total manufac- tures of rubber. 51.924 1,728,250 8,007,138 21,685 1,635,160 11,392,233 4,138,254 3,154,770 4,526,901 1,320,369 2,043,491 Value Quantity $b96,088 2,369,958 4.945,456 12.908,287 7.158,670 961,908 8,120.578 639,712 537,656 1,196,302 3,022,087 3,051.454 1,583,387 389,391 b567,131 b257,294 b303,664 b371,022 1,150,200 2,649,311 1.193.092 809,026 2.324.126 6.108 648,325 3,787,585 1,888,732 917.650 5,778,420 361.203 763,210 4,171,599 3,868,351 1,218.483 b469,284 13,948,234 2,192,259 7,795,713 34,788,336 6.022.083 42.740,417 14,591,733 57.332.150 5.809,605 28,342 2,213,293 2.338,147 54,471 499.148 5,105,059 11,598,857 3.670.352 2.931,929 2,904,234 772,586 1.285,110 Value $139,449 3,155.627 5.401.395 15.469,882 2.552,637 906.290 3.458.927 1.110,837 516.960 547.377 3.003,081 2.730.208 680,766 374,985 1.273,799 597.184 075,668 9S4.100 773.910 4,544,646 904,030 866.512 681.951 13,864 215,493 1.777.820 2,223,396 970.598 5,680,942 287,883 502,176 4.525.243 2,799,116 1,684,747 772,539 14.511.621 765.888 5,762.079 Quantity 31.501.292 7.318.099 220.380,661 35.236.948 255.617,609 8,486,167 Value 8269,125 4.221,360 8.328,944 32,144 4,654,335 16,995.932 467.420 2.805,964 24.923.651 9,075.502 20.797,504 8,291,853 5,070,632 261.110 5.794.488 24.796,661 13,169.051 1,970.893 15.139.944 1,480.777 940.325 1.428,910 6.039.701 6.656,036 1,551,276 695.962 1.699,532 739.785 1,062.787 1,336.165 1.024,036 5.862,305 963.156 3,217.625 6,290.356 135.176 1.252,164 10,895,321 1.955.091 8.832,255 12.230,615 808,993 839,938 6,100,460 714,713 4.551,386 1,270,506 28,924,685 1,557,201 9,097,773 63,865,656 Table CorUinued: Table continued on page 675 Articles, and Countries to Which Exported 1917 1918 1919 Ink: Printers* Quantity Value 8829,493 422,717 535,162 1,896,670 2.617,143 Quantity Value 81.040,882 448.181 771.282 787,042 2,921,474 Quantity Value 81,712,926 856,217 854 279 All other Instruments for scien- tific purposes: Medical and surgical Optical 1 540 979 All other 3.550 261 Total 5,048.975 4.464,111 12,998,026 b498,402 b7l9.626 b9.820,997 4,479,798 5,535,090 5.945 519 Iron ore tons. Iron and steel: Pig iron Ferromanganese tons. Ferroeilicon tons. All other. . ..tons. 1,132.313 377,094 b2.400 b6.849 b269,877 1,256,383 996.569 4.308,746 3.577 4,107 261,891 806,087 443,456 10,327.178 2,999 4.493 313,319 445.840 260.876 11,606,467 Total tofts. Scrap and old, for re- manufacture . . . tons. Bar iron lbs. Bars or rods of steel — Wire rods Ibe. All other lbs. Billets, ingots and blooms of steel tons. Bolts, nuts, rivets and washers Ibe. Car wheels and axles. 656,220 145,574 126,184,113 407,548,738 1,403,282,712 2,017,113 72,265,356 24,037,051 3,362,562 5,046,727 15,356.275 59,703,761 161,391,007 5,259,622 4,344.483 7.315.087 1,203,811 2.5a5,117 627,031 2,769,483 269,575 2,160 141,942,462 332,691,869 1.297,517.621 1,786,189 63,465.111 11,576,721 63,626 6,576,362 12,469,715 64,575,140 150,568,151 5,687,998 6,889.084 4.535,553 1.940.000 1.905,385 831.744 2,499,775 321,261 26,775 135.624,896 264,342,316 1,241,433,750 258,424 89,023,056 12,313.183 700.525 5,634,398 8,374,716 48,297,598 19.370.787 7.769.893 11,843.738 Castings, n. e. s 4,508,044 Chains 3 318 565 Cutlery- Razors 4,150,803 2.379.848 Table All other » 3.606 376 Total 5,901,631 247,679 368,203 2,846,941 5,236,904 280.255 305.985 2,455,477 10 137 027 Enamel ware — Bathtubs No. Lavatories and sinks 13,775 11.940 13,599 392,319 589.110 All other 4 073 455 Total 3.462,823 a65,01 1.793 b247.303 b25.033.522 b6,712.400 3,041.717 5 054.884 Firearms Revolvers and pistols '592,678 21,014,509 8,635,963 512.145 Rifles and shotguns. 13 414.932 All other 419.221 Total 97.005.018 b27.709,069 2,314.583 4.071.877 bl.480,733 30,242,550 27,679,680 2,191.702 2.091,812 2,304,408 14.346.298 Forgings, n. e. s 1.881.814 Hardware — BuUders'— Locks 4.145.325 Hinges and other, . . 3 268 435 Other hardware 4.267.125 Total 7,867,193 7,330,301 1.594,952 2,346,120 1.199,319 231,120 813,945 79,924 bl54.388 6.587,922 7,711,195 424.208 1,974,250 2,694,755 130,357 763,317 101,254 315,337 11 680 885 Hoop, band and scroll, „ Ibe. Horseshoes Machinery, n. e. s. — Adding and calcula- ting machines. No. Air-compressing ma- chinery 131,642,772 18.822,698 12,991 113,508,597 6,399.934 12,546 113.871,668 7.581.585 28.747 6.875.-586 539.452 3.863.217 3.761.290 Brewers' machinery 213.590 Cash registers, and parts of — Cash registers. . . No. Parts of 5,304 4.399 18.400 4.080.588 294.938 Concrete mixers 246.631 Table continued on page 676 ! 676 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 677 Table Continued: Articles, and Countries to Which Exported 1917 Cotton gins No. Cream separators. . No. Elevators and Eleva- tor machinery Engines, and parts of — Electric locomotivesNo Internal combustion engines — Gas, stationary.. No. Gasoline — Automobile No. Marine No. Stationary No. Traction No. Total gasoline en- gines No. Kerosene enginesNo. Steam engines — . Locomotives. . • .No. Marine No. Stationary No. Traction No. Total steam engines No. Quantity 523 17,629 All other engines. .No. Parts of Boilers Boiler tubes • All other parts of engines Total engines, and parts of Excavating machmery. Flour and grist mill machinery. ._ Laundry machinery — Power machines. . . . All other Lawn mowers Metal-working mach- inery Lathes Other machine tools Sharpening and grinding mach- ines All other Total metal- working machinery . Meters, pas and water Mining machinery — Oil-well machinery., All other .... • ■ Paper and pulp null machinery Printing presses ...... Pumps and pumpmg m machinery .• Refrigerating machi- ner>', including ice- making machinery. . Road -making ma- chinery Sewing machines Shoe machinery ._ Sugar-mill machinery . • 69 6,083 36,768 10,334 27,610 14.031 88,743 b6,563 1,771 365 674 1,042 3.852 7,950 1918 1919 Value $110,066 599,793 2,279,365 406,227 840,175 4,223,095 2,427,058 3,237,647 16.521,444 Quantity 511 21,822 26,409,244 2,031,275 30.666,109 917,049 1.083,619 2,179,212 34,845,989 3.834,244 a9,370.957 b2.348.172 b3.812.515 b8.536,008 92,434,806 b497,961 849,635 431,785 298,888 247,752 a44,604,259 blO, 107,365 b5.459.100 b3,287,488 bl3,066,468 76.524.680 617,241 1,747,405 11,128,470 1.996,685 1.606.619 6,559,643 1,324,023 244,944 8,136,940 1,663,434 11,471,779 47 1,798 30,813 5,483 26,609 23,413 86,318 16,509 1,062 295 982 1,027 Value $113,317 841,171 2.214,537 183.200 478.871 4.188.675 2,790,833 3.332,184 24.401.779 Quantity 969 22.480 68 3.636 31,358 10,479 25,899 20,586 3,366 3,406 34,713.471 8.536.113 27.064,042 1.337.349 1.056,884 1,408,977 30,867,252 5,450,418 88.322 18,114 919 406 790 913 4.415.467 6.405.728 24.420.286 3.028 3.077 • « • I • • • I 115,470.806 1.274.926 1.435,211 420,696 269,136 239.836 9.853.507 11,626.360 6,161.876 23,978.554 51.620.297 473.001 2.759,286 8,730,338 1,667,622 1,462,834 6,008,010 1,436,110 696,522 8,138,590 1,359,955 9,468,511 Value $295,746 1,093,821 2,601,543 835,978 692,584 4,738,341 4,362,649 3,671,905 20,028.972 32.801.867 7.824.599 28.579,728 1,229,734 1,321,314 1,096,294 32,227,070 3,406,891 6,361,229 7,916,665 29,319,190 121,386,073 1.165,763 2.375.802 796,053 399,736 478,583 10,138.877 12.490.600 5.494,060 30,386,405 68.507.942 763.691 3.613,972 9,265,319 3,958,873 3,827,038 9.067,458 2.141.110 987.912 12.774.124 2,839,828 13,805,940 Table Continued: Articles, and Countries to Which Exjwrted 1917 1918 1919 Textile machinery . . . . Typesetting machines. l5^^<^iting machines. Windmills Woodworking machinery — Sawmill machinery All other All other machinery, and parts of Total machi- nery, n.e.8. Nails and wood screws Cut nails lbs. Wire nails lbs. All other, including tacks lbs. Total nails. lbs. gross Quantity 10,136,192 257,405,398 43,345,070 310.886.660 Wood screws Needles Pipes and fittings — Cast Wrought Iba. Radiators and house- heating boilers . . lbs. Railway track material Railroad spikes lbs. Rails of steel . . . tons Switches, frogs, splice bars, etc Safes No. Scales and balances . . . Sheets and plates — Galvanized iron and steel sheets. . .lbs. Iron sheet sand plates lbs. Steel- Plates lbs. Sheets lbs. Total sheets and plates lbs. Shells and projectiles, empty Ship and tank plates, punched and shaped Stoves and ranges .... Structural iron and steel tons Tin plates, and manu-| facturea of — Tin plates, teme- plates, and taggers tin lbs. Tinware All other manufac- tures of Tools, n. e. s. — Axes No. Augers, bits, and drills FHles and rasps Hammers and hatch- ets Saws Shovels and spades. All other tools 173.662.402 284,908,815 11,650.909 47,464.317 512,669 7.092 193.731.346 139.412.620 1.177.500,237 352.472,289 1.863,116,492 44,308,899 294,150 521,469.085 Value 4,056.880 1.300,677 9.377,766 1.213,836 706.535 1.066.794 43.027.236 Quantity 286.246.454 434,736 12.088.147 3.867,605 1.482,830 Total tools . 8,566,751 176,346,045 26,414,285 16,390,488 b661,628 b269,976 7,483.216 16.659.553 672.331 2.009,808 24,023,090 8,194,270 387,434 1.536,830 13,207,827 7.540.780 65.888.695 18.654,553 211.327.081 8,876.249 125.352.066 201.560.061 6.399.793 22,330,104 453,537 6,810 153,982,456 91,293,392 1.236,405,734 366,062,623 105.291,855 b21.404.885 b2,785.842 2,258.149 24,437,289 41,888,418 325,048 6,113.613 1.023.184 bl,518.567 bl.882.857 568,892 6,113.514 509.559 14,096.939 1,847,744,205 65,519,432 232.729 579.125.457 Value 7,296,607 1.284,672 7.049.339 772,003 1.154.789 1.049.595 42.299.866 Quantity 282.986,853 440,281 9.921.123 3,336.570 13.697,974 2.368.264 321,651 6.665.597 14.993,957 548,800 1.229,083 26.402,864 5.582.860 401,294 1.359,142 12.609,628 6,315,095 64,678,628 25.646.749 Value $ 14,986.369 3,932,544 17,391,118 1,091,543 1,141.248 2.603,407 73.425.842 1.129.216 24.713.5121 6,542,341 201,104,501 36,353,528 244,370 10,461,923 88.379,704 528,819,507 * 10,433,339 55.487.231 652.449 7,566 227,669,237 89.362.785 1,590,428,647 397.525.194 109.250.100 22,112,293 4.321.268 1,703,724 21,468,452 55.850,294 530,571 2,467.481 1,006.848 2,545,074 3,285,385 484.679 3.790.416 680.591 9,140.700 2,304.985.863 379,178,652 393,284 10.744,696 4,638.093 15,776.073 2.737,716 535.656 5.177,752 35,229.750 780,143 2.904,073 38.979.625 9.279,955 738.269 2.278,921 15.223,289 4.838.547 56.701,651 21,214.529 31.781.005 360.787 458.134.573 1,549,128 20.933.693 97.978.016 3.228,454 1.514,002 2.609,715 28,956,816 36.998.712 863,447 3.643.190 1.613.862 4.402.039 5.181.792 973,547 4,851,791 1,398.101 14.382.767 32.803,899 Table continued on page 673 Table continued on page 677 678 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 679 I' Table Continued: Table Continued: Articles, and Countries to Which Exported 1917 Wire — Barbed Ibe. All other wire. . .Ibe. Manufactures of — Wire rope and cables Woven-wire fencing- All other Total wire, and manufactures of All other manufactures of iron and steel .... Quantity 433,374.842 451,301,571 Value $19,775,784 22.541,224 bl,465,016 882,024 6.578,742 Total manufac- tures of iron and steel . ■ . . Lamps, chandeliers, ana all illuminat- ing devices, except electric Gas -lighting appli- ances Incandescent man- tles All other Total Lead: Pigs, bars, etc. — Produced from do- mestic ore. lbs. Produced from foreign ore. .lbs. Total lbs. Other manufactures of 61,242,790 159,072,250 1,241.960,102 a2,098,910 bl70,855 bl22.660 bl. 705,873 107,376,638 71,961,228 Total lead. . . Leather: Belting Carriage, automo- bile, and uphol- stery Glove Patent Sole lbs. Upper — Calf and kip sq.ft. Goat and kid sq. ft. Grain and split sq. ft. All other upper , . All other leather Total leather . . Manufactures of — Boots and shoes — Children' 8. pairs Men's pairs Women's, .pairs Total boots and shoes. . .pairs Gloves .doi. pairs Slippers pairs Harness and sad- dles All other Total manufao- tures of Total leather, and manufac- tures of 179,337,866 43.887,849 15,870.660 58.227,734 b2,695.993 3.521.364 6.202.076 5,119.768 14,843.208 bl 2,583 280.698 4,098,298 9,560,598 6,395.758 16,956.366 2,287,305 18,243,661 3.036,142 95,234 1,735,201 6,931.557 21,851,727 7,742,578 24,168,547 b66f).449 10,356.653 6,244,899 80,816,987 4,041,340 19,684,028 11,100,933 34,826.301 b8 1.889 338.502 836,764 6.575.679 41.658.135 122,475.122 1918 1919 Quantity 526.586,382 352.177,754 Value $23,492,540 20.704.603 4,225.019 1.036.730 3.677,127 63,136,919 41.160.907 1,036,299,667 83,662,322 108,568.854 192,231.176 249.309 252.284 3.125.013 Quantity 227,250.082 426.074,277 Value $11,354,297 24.641.881 4.379.478 933,143 5,090.491 46.399,290 48,034,213 969.273.732 3,626,606 5,889.381 7,606,403 13,494,784 1,824.126 22,320.399 79,716,316 102,036,614 26,748.036 16,638.326 24.336,031 7,028,084 3,338,349 6,565,924 4,292,747 13,197,020 13,186 235,028 16,318,910 2.097.877 163.541 2,908,890 4,205.603 14.164.982 7,919.776 9.728,323 1,868,435 8,076,984 3,992,116 66,126,627 4,151,222 18,428,808 9,710.984 32.321,014 153,781 335,048 692,291 3.058.924 122,661,493 49,417,827 104,377,990 61.096,409 36.661.058 91.687,585 3,534,670 11,928,156 6,891,711 21,364,537 41.936 328,214 350,668 358,642 4,557,03l> 6,206,339 1.533.364 4.417.693 6,951,047 2,155,324 8.106,371 4,241,260 415,848 1.797,024 17,887.322 54,871.769 31,821,162 57,920,607 12,146,795 24,205,567 13,476,716 218.784,060 5,930,354 50,709,841 18,195,962 74.836,157 623.693 536,142 1,142.852 7,253.635 84,392.479 303.176.539 Article?, and Countries to Which Exp>orted 1917 1918 1919 Leather, imitation .... Lime bbls. Malt bush. Matches Meat and dairy prod- ucts: Meat products — Beef products — Beef, canned lbs. Beef, fresh, lbs. Beef, pickled, and other cured .... lbs. Oleo oil ... . lbs. Oleomargarine, imitation but- ter lbs. Tallow lbs. Hog products — Bacon lbs. Hams and shoul- ders, cured. lbs. Lard lbs. Neutral lard. lbs. Pork, canned, lbs. Pork, fresh, lbs. Pork, pickled, lbs. Lard compounds and other sub- stitutes for lbs. Mutton, except can- ned lbs. Poultry and game .... Sausage : Canned lbs. All other. lbs. Sausage casings . . . lbs. Stearin from animal fats lbs. All other meat prod- ucts: Canned All other Total meat products Butter lbs. Cheese lbs. Milk: Condensed and evaporated lbs. All other, including cream Total, meat,etc., products. . . . Table continued on page 679 Metal polish Metals and metal com- g)sition8, n.e.s.: abbitt metal . . .lbs. Bronse, manufac- tures of Ferrovanadium lbs. Nickel silver Tungsten and ferro- tungsten lbs. All other Quantity 187.944 4.163,267 65.471.232 216.419,599 67,810,990 33,399,548 3,522,640 7,510,376 678,128,066 243,386,814 372.721.342 9,423,385 6,377,226 49,372,780 39,294,011 49.300,143 2.862,175 6.730.577 11,264,664 7,758.214 8,295,304 7,192,918 53.371,527 428,575,213 2,343,398 2,427,649 2,323,811 Value $1,066,168 168.671 6.800,085 477,588 18.258.522 34,427.132 8,319,655 6,796,996 693,150 1.192.287 123.115,384 54.047,798 75,355, 13S 2,015,320 1,731.531 9,899.883 7.088,935 8,582,320 514,855 1,756,681 1,500,643 3,570.864 2.839,432 1,386,126 5,420.841 4,416,452 369,929,945 2.660.371 13,295,706 51,284,003 279,547 437,449,572 211,453 669,066 1,451,031 2,953,260 391,746 4,122,653 1.070.250 Quantity 71,907 896,307 141.457.163 614,341,629 44,206,020 69,106,350 8,909,108 4.222.657 1,104.788.081 537.213.041 548.817.901 6.307.164 5.267,342 11,632,635 36,671,660 43,977,410 1,630,815 6,349,602 6,029,354 4.037,391 10,550,241 26,194,415 48,404,672 551,139,754 2,240,193 1.612,737 1,232,260 Value $1,350,721 105.803 1.694.651 481,130 51.498,010 109,605,363 7,921,220 15,493,321 2,398.908 745.977 315,968.064 145,674.888 144,933,151 1,612,780 1,776,392 2,907,894 8,535.017 10,258,536 387,132 935,048 1,817,199 2.125,373 2.611,680 2,291,160 8,819.996 6,943,692 845,260,801 10,868,953 11,735,266 72,824,897 528,607 Quantity 63,719 10,046.120 .53,868,090 174,469,914 42,624,724 75,686,164 22.939,589 38,953,783 1,190,297,806 596.799,663 760.901,611 22,957,137 5,791,706 26,776,978 34,113,875 124.962,950 3,009,164 8,198,336 13,889,285 25,477,028 20,838,874 34.556,485 14,159.721 852.181.414 941,218,524 163,193 559,332 1,267,032 1,774,062 227,439 2,545.087 3.645.838 2,188,164 64,626 38,130 Value $2,400,140 108,370 16.695.668 626.780 20,673.575 40.284,962 8,739,141 22,025.340 6.576.760 6.370,112 373.913,508 189,428,837 237.983,449 7,725,983 2.422,364 8,347,567 8,632,618 31,605,886 632,667 4,560,278 2.761.944 5,911,850 6,809,834 4,166.422 12,949,777 11.638,397 1,014,161,160 17,004,446 5,349,677 121,817.737 2.013.706 1,160,846,626 346,431 718.223 1,608,086 95,560 389,000 113,276 3.400.849 1 • «' J Table continued on page 680 680 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 681 Table Continued: Table Continued: Articles, and Countriea to Which Exported 1917 Mica, and manufac- tures of Moss • • Motor boats No. Mucilage and paste. . . Musical instruments: Organs No. Pianos — Player pianos. No. All other No. Piano players.. .No. Perforated music rolls ;-\- All other, and parts of Quantity 253 2,603 3,609 14,182 199 Total Naval stores: Rosin obis. Tar, turpentine, and pitch bWs. Turpentine, spirits of galls- Total naval stores. ...... Nickel, nickel oxide, and matte lbs. Manufactures of Notions, n.e.s Nursery stock Oakum • lbs- Oil cake and oil-cake meal: Com lbs. Cotton seed — Cake lbs. Meal lbs. Total lbs. Linseed or flaxseed . Cake lbs. Meal lbs. 1.493.392 104,879 6,517,389 21,992,820 2.043,919 5.536.886 280,013,565 125,355,013 Total . All other . . Total oil cake, etc lbs. Oilcloth and linoleum: For floors . . . sq. yds. All other Oils: Animal — Fish galls. Lard galla. All other 405,368,578 al81.671,271 bl 16,31 1,774 bl3,916,016 311,899,061 12,235,325 735,039,850 805,195 Total animal galls. Mineral — Crude galw- Refined or manu- factured — Fuel and gas oil(c).. .galls. Illuminating oil galls. Lubricating . galls. Paraffin... galls. All other, .galls. Total lubricat- ing .^^^^galla. 119,233 246,947 308,183 674,363 172,121,195 1,123,473.047 658,156.487 al38,866.971 b6,277,079 bl35,293,613 280.437.663 1918 1919 Value 74,485 84.928 1.461.792 429,498 150.521 1.088,868 2,263,115 58.313 131.457 1.203,361 Quantity 206 4,895,635 10.338,578 677,683 3,384,920 14,401,181 8,936,620 1,527,353 1,390,588 228,043 256.149 115,538 5.477,479 2,690,453 8,167,932 a3,947,689 b2,975,533 b357,343 7.280.565 245,653 15,809,688 365.118 1,241,404 92,333 272,474 320,364 685,171 7,668,312 45,549,282 48.953.610 a26.108.011 bl. 192.297 b30,264,556 1.647 3.718 10.106 175 779,027 53.602 3.717.093 Value 74.529 91,667 3,663,912 368,916 113,062 1,272,210 1,949.708 45,567 160.511 1.134.636 Quantity 140 2,271 4.378 12,507 180 17,469.500 4.675.694 7,551,262 408.196 2.276.523 1.209.627 67.259 10.682.322 2.958,154 69.370 1.384.250 10,283,046 11,667.296 10,235.981 6.927.041 2.152,692 1.494.203 239,621 439.301 2.966 32.412 256.068 3.814.762 288.480 45,392,709 40,561,673 85,954,382 9,371,706 107,062,754 2.235,989 1,115,129 1,134,142 2,249,271 244,733 2,720,369 963.980 394,625,721 233,507,845 628,133,566 327,923,278 25,828,805 353,752,083 104,379,173 566.763 44,668 794,808 1,406.239 205.829.030 1.200,750,319 491,109,815 7,059,121 250,258,132 2,785,450 1,369,196 1,281,507 638,757 75,109 881.812 Value S 109,348 91.475 358.851 544.064 174.647 1.656.519 3.001.994 57.664 294.742 1.698.317 6.883.883 20.453,970 551,847 10,450,234 31,450,051 1,701,549 2,408,282 3,237,351 405,270 364,510 26.874 12.914,900 7,262.043 20.176.943 11,666.844 846.387 12.503.231 3,329.646 1.087,228.802 2,637,780 1.085.551 144.922 1.949.592 1.595.678 12.084.250 66.615.743 50,354,414 57.564.864 257.317.253 1,454.437 74.148.728 3.180.065 248.874.663 584.849.605 976.305.545 36.036.694 1.740.186 1.936.544 976.831 220,029 2.966.470 13.149.607 264.441.551 75.603.055 277,591,158 4,152.330 14,825.202 30,818377 118,796,775 2,123,316 83,328,083 86,451.399 Articles, and Countries to Which Exported 1917 1918 1919 Naphthas, and light products of distillation — Gasoline . . galls. All other (naph- tha, etc.) . galls. Residuum galls. Total mineral, refined .galls. Total mineral oil galls. Vegetable — Fixed or expressed Cocoa butter lbs. Cocoanut.. .lbs. Com lbs. Cottonseed . lbs. Linseed or flax- seed. . . .galls. Peanut lbs. Soya bean. .lbs. All other, fixed or expressed. Volatile or essen- tial- Peppermint lbs. All other Total vegetable oU Quantity t 224.811,491 191,067,353 1,051,113 2,478,997.154 2,651.118.349 Paints, colors, and var- nishes: Dry colors — Carbon, bone, and lampblack All other Lead — Red lbs. White lbs. Ready-mixed paints galls. Varnish galls. Zinc, oxide of . . . lbs. All other 4,709,103 124,703,506 1,528,625 Value $ 49,049,647 44,084,597 107,164 245,309.164 252.977.476 72.650 Total Paper stock: Rags. n. e. 8., and other (ex- cept wood pulp) lbs. Paper: Bags Books. mu*ic. maps, engravings, etch- ings, photographs, and other printed matter Boxes and cartons. . Carbon paper Cash-register and adding-machine paper Paper board and strawboard Paper hangings Playing cards News print Ibe. All other lbs. Tissue and toilet paper Towels and napkins. Wax paper Wrapping paper lbs. b2.171,482 19,737,399 1.420.299 903.243 30.891.886 32.624.912 17.303.256 1.699.897 Quantity 351.967.164 207.401,691 244,474 2,508,790,716 2.714,619,746 700,149 170,948 119,067,376 3.428,456 190,841 1,068,796 24,391,395 1,149,069 2,018,996 b267,238 2,089,659 2,133,037 1,299,955 3,148.898 4.809.487 187.732.739 94.548.586 62.485,911 16.916,339 780.892 1,136,272 11,156,624 1.125.642 618,165 62,182 2,232,135 465.814 388,961 7,586,374 8,179,868 b434,441 b45,848 b63.148 3.987.239 774.192 69.606 Value % 85,225.574 54.368.166 14.298 332.181.250 344,265.500 5.739.819 15.588.916 1.919.384 698.152 24.841.747 32.241.306 193.477.853 99.220.241 69.899.043 36.540 23.184.329 1,162.054 4.087.932 202.856 744.997 29,418,708 Quantity 259.783,919 112,349,798 32,999.709 Value 61,757.864 30.291.972 1.834,296 2,243,879,734 2,492,754,397 1 7,316,255 1 118,611,743 1 6,415,054 193,133,751 1,525.178 14,341,803 127.746.109 783,408 2.100,886 662,584 1.756.739 3.323.768 1.213.710 2.779.507 4.891.009 17,511.611 670.342 884.415 11.493.524 1.079.413 579.306 109.207 3.055.255 529.539 882,370 7.978.296 8.710.940 1.443,578 83,199 228,137 4,828,856 97,880 328,951,183 343,776,385 1 3,025,748 1 24,595,143 1 1,551.319 40.890,202 2.606.887 11.043.115 16.097,842 18.506.978 654.282 1.367.388 100.338.904 6,227.797 28.033.485 2.261.914 1.418.287 29.410.627 1.573.740 3.086.866 735.177 3.037,292 4,699,925 2,713,727 3.062.494 6.601.371 54.541.361 220.589,829 153,327.185 74.916.830 25.510.592 1.533,013 1,566.373 18.239,016 1.351.930 964.2S8 132,515 4,604,048 899,457 1,522,516 10.100,229 16.160.777 2.056.607 180.963 552.167 6.664,462 Table continued on page 681 Table continued on page (>82 682 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 683 Table Continued: Articles, and Ck)untrie8 to Which Exported 1917 Writing paper and envelopes All other paper Total paper. Quantity Paraffin Unrefined lbs. Refined lbs. Total Iba. Pencils and pencil leads Penholders gross Pens: Fountain No. Metallic, except gold gross Perfumeries, cosmetics, and all toilet prepa- rations Phonographs, etc.: Phonographs, gra- phophones, etc. No. Records and acces- sories Photographic goods: Cameras Motion-picture films — Not exposed lin. ft. Exposed. . lin. ft. Other sensitised goods Other apparatus All other Total photo- graphic goods Plaster, builders' and common Plated ware, except cutlery and jeweliy: Silver plated All other Plates and cuts, elec- trotype, stereotjije or engraved Platinum: Unmanufactured o«s. troy Manufactures of . . . . Plumbago or graphite: Unmanufactured lbs. Manufactures of Quicksilver lbs. Refrigerators Roofing felt and sim- ilar materials Salt lbs. Sand and gravel Cotton lbs. Flaxseed or linseed bush. Grass- Clover lbs. Timothy lbs. All other grass seeds lbs. All other seeds al76,159.983 b42.773,348 b92, 156.643 311,089.974 ' * " ioiB.625 288,642 416.914 89,161 55.947,489 110,465,195 3.445 5.146,816 ■ 808,336 227,985,222 Total . 870.282 5,196 8,738,668 13,880,725 5,426.305 Value 3,636.235 5.374,707 46.393,655 a8,790,ll8 b2,091.587 b7,025.001 17,906,706 2,612,861 179.983 203.590 217.438 3,847,166 2,395,775 1,953,852 1,281,863 1,213,417 6,314,835 3,352.238 387,746 1,138.795 1918 1919 Quantity 13,688,894 159.875 1,559.761 924.491 237,793 234.433 65,415 49,563 891,687 998,470 293,520 4.390,577 1,000.773 494.251 30.476 24.810 1.889,329 993.453 807,379 1,288,972 64,247.056 171,296.425 235.543.481 5.034.419 Value 6,113.498 6.170.601 54,170,134 59,666 161,399 465,028 64,459 71.548,779 79,888,387 119 1,907,719 '2i32,346 273,565,496 1.741,499 25,508 5,985,526 2,952,193 4.835.567 17,438.045 Quantity 56.868.831 206,475.791 Value 13.188.165 8.799.550 86,983,063 22,273.612 2.497.208 114.031 123.952 231,345 3,902,670 1,906,052 2,276,357 1,108,388 1,745.384 4.731.382 2.616.434 782.177 1,345,174 263,344,622 12.328,939 174,481 1,479,014 1,462,877 181,020 13.511 23.562 121,555 731,518 338,346 227,403 4,305,161 1,677,577 619.414 69,707 134,985 1.836.124 881,154 542,704 2,031,776 5.496.450 112.674 423.906 1.098,677 66,157 120.041,912 153.237.260 610 1.258,040 ■ '68i3.626 243.401,706 1,918,848 16,596 7,943,749 13,346,358 4,440,490 4.583,109 20,233.691 24.816.800 3,565.347 200,354 409,517 569,239 7,324.422 2,490,719 3,702,668 1,648,410 2.680.263 8.066,723 4,208.181 2.105.061 1,939,924 20,648,562 164,324 2,569,001 2,587,785 389,048 75,066 54,529 90,185 788,755 817,428 274,386 3,106.826 1,396,625 382.070 88.743 125.158 3,206,316 1,633,271 717.102 2,771,836 8,542.426 Table Continued: Articles, and Countries to Which Exported 1917 Shells Shoe findings Silk, manufactures of. Dressgoods yds. Wearing apparel . . . All other Quantity Total . Silk, artificial Hosiery. . .doi. pairs All other Soap: Toilet or fancy All other lbs. Spices Spirits, wines, liquors, and other beverages: Malt liquors — In bottles doa.qts. In other coverings galls Total malt liq- uors Spirits distilled — Alcohol, including pure neutral, _ or cologne spirits pf . galls Rum pf. galls Whisky- Bourbon . pf . galls. Rye pf . galls All other., .pf. galls Total spirits, distilled, ...pf. galls. Wines galls. Total spirits, wines, and liquors .... b2.470,741 b232,082 72,462,195 1,118,433 234,409 20,237,500 745,733 51,520 111,202 418,240 Other beverages Sponges lbs. Starch Cornstarch, except for table use. .lbs. All other lbs. Stearin, vegetable, lbs. Stone, including marble: Unmanufactured . Manufactures of- Grindstones .... Roofing slate All other 21,564,195 2,210,049 110,242 a61, 115,572 b24.862.630 b22,860,866 1,261,504 Total Straw and palm leaf, manufactures of . . Busar and molasses: Molasses galls. Sirup (i n eluding maple sirup) galls. Sui^ar, refined (mcluding maple sugar) ...... .lbs. Surgical appliances, not including instruments Suspenders and garters Tin pigs, bars.etc . . lbs. 3.932,065 12,314.270 1.010.795.831 411.945 Value S 131.209 2.340.702 a4,083,434 bl. 775,686 bl ,077,448 1,671,014 8,607,582 a4l8,023 b803,751 b21 1.509 1,921,860 5,004,387 449,717 1,678.187 57,091 1,735,278 7,650,209 772,680 96,806 221,255 498,126 9,239,076 969,761 11,944,115 447,265 136,198 a2,375,081 bl,422,974 bl. 505,615 202,799 572,097 198,772 27,113 1,108,185 1918 1919 Quantity $ 10,623,304 1,906 167 917,018 636,554 6,574,837 64.395.650 6,020,803 1589,574 232.401 631,571 116,986,623 1,077,593 97,160 8,557,165 184,635 57,454 72,910 136,322 9,008,486 3,225,048 85,957 33,619.821 16,083.388 1.019.560 Value $ 113,859 3,024,794 9,671,058 3,634,861 4,675,763 17,981.682 5,413,982 3,184,290 407,296,324 40,033 2,840.729 565.462 2,567,614 10,871,335 480.508 2,075,767 35,479 2,111.246 4,704,743 191,197 160,265 240,300 452,034 5,748,539 2,040,815 9,900,600 554,186 147,519 Quantity S 8,985,647 1,593,818 157,749,605 1,006,854 36,638 20.311,466 120,519 247,553 842.936 247.239 21.769,713 4,926,425 1,758,557 1,020,071 233,909 552,361 210,889 65.224 1.208,164 2,036,538 849,709 1,190,911 2,012,121 27.038.667 17,618,028 1,185,985 31.9.'>2 454,602 179,436,736 89,704,821 4,174,586 6,867,779 16.731.846 1,475.407,678 611.778 Value $ 574,575 6,152,389 10,225,376 7,435,929 6,241,782 23,903,087 8,790.722 903,526 6,034.2.'^ 15,266,696 588,462 2,179.826 16.474 2.196.300 8,966,819 179.769 1,1015.68 1,560.664 689.599 12,498,419 4,754,765 19,449,484 829,462 331,731 10,219,799 5,342,382 772.115 770.392 297.068 55,164 1,508,997 2,631.621 926,430 1,311,217 10,299,244 114.737,491 9,017,947 2,551,858 415,921 ri f ■3' !l i Table continued on page 683 Table continued on page 684 i; II !! 1 il 684 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Table Conlintied: Articles, and Countries to Which Exported 1917 1918 1919 Tobacco: Unmanufactured — Leaf lbs. Stems and trim- mings. . . .lbs. Manufactures of- Cigarettes...M. Cigars and cheroots. .M. Plug lbs. Smoking . . lbs. AH other Total manu- factures of . Quantity 251,291.892 670.980 7,019.723 2,491 4.941,805 2.504.744 Toys Dolls, and parts of Mechanical toys. . . All other and Total . . Trunks, valises, traveling bags Type lbs. Typewriter ribbons . . . Umbrellas and parasols Vegetables: Beans and dried peas bush Beans bush Onions bush Peas, dried .... bush Pickles and sauces . . Potatoes, except sweet potatoes bush Canned Corn Soups Tomatoes All other Total canned . . . All other Vegetables . Total. Vinegar galls Vulcanized fiber and manufactures of . . . WallboardsCsubstitutes for plaster) Wax: Beeswax lbs. Manufactures of . . . . Wood: Logs and round tim- ber M ft. Fir Mft. Pine, yellow. . .M ft. All other logs — Hardwood M ft. Softwood M ft. Total logs.etc. M ft. Firewood, and other unmanf actured Timber- Hewn M f t. Hardwood . . M f t. Softwood ... M ft. Sawed — Pitch pine Oong leaf) Mft. Value 46.542.000 31,920 13.293.270 57,141 1.434,873 1,260,185 395.380 325.039 al ,265,025 b483,289 483,302 b96,196 Quantity 403,871,275 2,955.443 12.146.539 22.900 5.663.614 6.340.226 16.440.849 a658.462 b248,415 bl28,817 bl,031,233 2.422,602 2,066,927 496,231 143.209 469,266 696,721 a6,605,923 b3,008.017 878,852 b516,846 844.802 4,241.501 2,583.516 b295,071 b575,050 b624,431 1,372,272 Value $122,699,767 318.384 23.723.922 809,411 2.0674MB 2,960.992 484,841 Quantity 765,969.976 10.724.943 16,209.769 50,086 6,628,350 6,260.086 30.047.136 292,219 166,970 1.196,923 276,091 2,398,854 692,855 322,452 1.666.112 359,361 143,428 434,615 629,013 Value S260.442.721 546.116 38.063.691 1.088.631 2.746.484 3,260,789 1,708.427 46.866.822 454.770 224,628 2,190,131 5,450,340 2.215.438 3,863,187 277.586 256.467 a23.833 b978 b2.224 b530 bl3.140 40,705 23,761,719 55.483 1.022,175 106.118 95.744 641.003 1 517,301 bl3,202 b89.324 b29.335 b222,816 14,226.277 1,112,074 1,689,457 1,129,918 6.834.349 626,634 3.795.420 816.959 476,106 2,869,529 742,382 320,715 808,259 681,137 195,632 1,085.173 479.260 10.659.454 12.419,519 2.204.464 1 4.897 a 1.035 2 2,765 120,827 871.978 246.634 1 143.003 2 45,410 2 84.484 3,147.663 318,975 166.382 8,216 6,267 1.163 8,385 24.011 1.649 4,637 35.892 38.616,058 89.090 1.014.765 421.985 63,244 692.132 3.642.322 469.316 19.965,737 2,095,142 2.664.511 2.039.641 6.475.203 548,037 1,980,624 2.127,896 6.698.834 11.355,391 3,237.009 210.046 128.627 187,801 60.026 153.598 530.052 176,319 82.892 120.756 1.274.352 4.924 7.708 6,663 17.362 36,657 3.740 4,769 154.327 47,832.634 136.869 2.185.262 1.141,815 92,286 1,382,356 114,939 137,348 250,606 459,202 962,095 365.107 268,754 149.769 6,961.471 Table continued on page 686 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 685 Table Continued: Articles, and Countries to Which Exported 1917 1918 1919 All other sawedM.ft. Quantity al4.958 b3,011 bl0,583 Value $ I 363,305 bll2,471 b305,927 Quantity Value Quantity Value Hardwood M.ft. Softwood. . M.ft. 5,662 27,630 S 275,592 745,367 "5,466 14.708 $ 330.455 438.907 Total timber M.ft. Railroad ties No. Lumber — Boards, planks and scantlings — Cypress M.ft. Fir M.ft. Gum M.ft. Oak M.ft. Pine- White M.ft. Yellow- Pitch (long leaO M.ft. Short leaf M.ft. AUotherM.ft. 158.076 3.800.241 13.196 283.758 23.839 61,648 25.824 328.430 3.983 88,951 4,202.263 2.717,009 574.029 4.764,218 771.794 2,775.034 1,071.994 8,204,574 101,605 2.268,490 75.270 2.681.823 19.906 272,401 27,773 64,663 21.193 299.922 12.267 92.571 2.498,959 2,308,171 1,215.756 8,985,716 1,298,540 3,710.479 1.219.316 9.360.486 398.224 3.033,629 182.934 4.699,002 14.865 301,144 72.330 157,937 24.236 437.773 19.884 69.865 8.149.346 4,178,525 924,668 9,722.180 4.033.766 11,747.120 1.353.392 17,733.669 829,160 2.572.989 Total pine M.ft. Poplar M.ft. Redw6od . M.ft. Spruce M.ft. All other boards, etc M.ft. 447,188 10,492 20,365 63.655 a47.628 b38.477 b9.401 11.646,663 550,159 662,924 4.688.193 a3.175,432 b3,982,672 b279,144 425,953 23.488 35,835 70,675 14.011.655 1.556,209 1,255,092 7,943,976 551.758 35.645 34.211 21.685 22.489.210 2,694,694 1,418.159 1,899,407 Hardwood M.ft. Softwood. M.ft. Total boards, planks,etc.M.ft. Shingles M. All other lumber . . 68.394 14.681 8,377,247 822,848 102.146 19.490 9,113,328 798.274 1.019,647 25.281 33,870,262 102,469 2.126.627 126,356 352,825 al,913,579 b741,240 b256,154 bl.164.196 1.023.769 19.892 49.177.518 95.872 2.348.459 255.378 380.332 1,311.210 16,143 64.840,806 89.480 3.790.325 Boat oars and paddles 392.494 Doors, sash and blinds. 569.726 Furniture, not metal . . Chairs 1.201,267 501.478 1.831.481 1.503.766 Office and store fur- niture 872.170 All other 2.559.493 Total 4,075,169 554,258 607,063 151.739 2,125,942 bl, 194,101 1,803.875 3,688,684 294,248 375,067 259.647 3.469,547 8.146.828 3.534.226 1.310.431 633.102 146,987 2.737,865 4.427,935 758,359 3,605,332 563,564 362,825 164,756 1.733.872 9.360,888 4.935.429 Handles, implement and tool 3,114,641 Hogsheads and barrels, empty 821,841 Incubators and brood- ers 122,521 Shooks— Box 2.820.541 Cooperage b562,726 848.665 60,005,602 1.542.150 363,426 53.373,526 2.856.771 479.585 81.657.792 8.489.009 All other 545,707 Staves No. Heading 13.160,377 591.021 Trimmmgs, moldings and other houae f ur- ninhing^ 521.254 Woodenware 529,321 Wood pulp tons. All other manufactures of wood 34.982 19.932 35.799 3.048.988 14.748,109 Total wood and manufactures of 71,362,591 1,308.698 bl35.389 a3.046.651 87.111.202 462.969 2.691.408 I 8.636.888 136.786.663 Wool: Unmanufactured lbs. Maniifactures of — Blankets 1,827.324 406,944 2.839.980 2.230,629 823.544 Cloths and /lbs. dress goods \yds. } b2,541.205 / 3.152,224 1 5,626,729 / 7.853.013 \ 12.114,675 19.800.016 Table continued on page 686 1 I 686 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Table Continued: Articles, and Countries to Which Exported 1917 1918 1919 Wearing apparel . For men and boys For women and children Quantity Total wearing ap- parel Woolen, rags. . . .lbs. All other manufac- tures of Total manufac- tures of wool . . . 14,453,980 Yeast Zinc: Ore tons. Drose lbs. Spelter, cast in pigs, slabs, etc. — Produced from do- mestic ore .... lbs. Produced from for- eign ore lbs. Total pigs, slabs, etc lbs. Zinc, rolled in sheets, strips, etc lbs. All other manufactures of Total, except ore and dross Value $ a2,401,501 b856,975 b8 17.653 Quantity 4,076,129 1,803,675 8,035,435 Value Quantity Value 3.344,150 1,179 26.604,968 274,564.431 129,355,352 Ail other articles Total value of ex- ports of domes- tic merchandise. RECAPITULATION Carried in — Cars and other land vehicles American vessels . . . 403,919,783 33,027,991 17.097,279 820,217 63.043 2.126.909 32,605,767 12,428,830 $ 2.797.704 1,441,558 4.239,262 55 31,631.364 132,736,529 40,045,871 45,034,597 5,730.792 670.352 51,335.741 6,991,245 172,782,400 27,750,910 346,217 4,014.296 31,476,118 $ 10,401,744 4,263,325 14.665,069 19,928,071 1.202.549 2,480 2,238,913 12,469.622 3,554,608 16,024,230 4,566,756 722,671 10,245,628 219.492.151 24,338,265 6,169,617,225 799,616.958 I 934.196,421 21,313,657 5,812.601 6.047.874.437 243.830.416 39.524.516 5,538.440 7,005.992 47.833,061 1.099,717 739.295 17.524.228 1.929.487 892,291.357 965.629.697 19.453.715 5,212.002 538,058 25.203.775 14.375.200 7.750.781.182 798.496.610 2.549.641.908 Abbreviation: N. E. S.— Not elsewhere specified. TABLE OF TIME DIFFERENCES The hour which corresponds to twelve o'clock noon, United States standard eastern time, in various foreign cities: Aden Alexandria Amsterdam Athens Berlin Berne Bogota Bombay Bremen Brussels Constantinople . . Copenhagen .... m. m. m. m. m. m. 8.00 p 7.00 p 5.20 p 7.00 p 6.00 p 6.00 p 12.03 p. m 10.30 p. m 6.00 p. m 5.00 p. m 7.00 p. m 6.00 p. m Dublin Hamburg. . . . Havana Havre Hong Kong . Honolulu. . . . Lima Lisbon Liverpool ... London .... Madrid .... Manila 4.35 p. m. 6.00 p. m. 11.31 a. m. 5.00 p. m. 1.00 a. m.* 6.30 a. m. 12.00 Noon 4.24 p. m. 5.00 p. m. 5.00 p. m. 5.00 p. m. 1.00 a. m.* Melbourne Mexico City . . . . Natal Paris Petrograd ...... Rio de Janeiro . . Rome Santiago (Chile) Sitka, Alaska. . . Stockholm Vienna Yokohama 3 10 7 5 7 2 6 12 7 6 6 2 .00 a. m.* .24 a. m. .00 p. m. .00 p. m. .01 p. m. .00 p. m. .00 p. m. .00 Noon .00 a. m. .00 p. m. .00 p. m. .00 a. m.* Note: In cities marked (♦) the time indicated is on the foUowing day. SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 687 RAILWAY AND TELEGRAPH LINES OF PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES Country Length of Railways Date Argentina AnstraUsia: Australia New Zealand Austria-Hungary : Austria, including Bosnia and Herzegovina . Hungary Belgium Congo, Belgian Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Canada Central America : Costa Rica Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Panama Salvador Chile China Colombia Cuba Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Finland France Algeria Tunis French Indo-China French colonies, n. e. s Germany German colonies Greece Hayti India, British Italy Japan Formosa Chosen Luxemburg Mexico Montenegro Netherlands Dutch East Indies Dutch pKMSsessions in America Norway Paraguay Persia Peru Portugal Portuguese colonies Rumania i Russia Serbia Siam Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Union of South Africa United Kingdom British colonies, n. e. s United States Philippine Islands Porto Rico Uruguay Venezuela 1918 1917 1918 1914 1914 1914 1916 1917 1917 1916 1916 Total Miles 21,880 24,709 2,983 15,739 13,589 5,451 1.030 1,354 17,477 1,824 37,434 1915 438 1915 613 1917 360 1913 200 1916 301 1915 267 1916 5,105 1916 6,467 1915 708 1916 2.359 1917 2,556 1916 408 1917 365 1916 4.416 1916 2,527 1914 31,958 1914 2,793 1918 1,232 1918 1,282 1918 2,485 1914 39,600 1914 2,866 1913 1,396 1915 140 1917 36,286 1917 11,891 1917 7,690 1917 319 1918 1,092 1914 326 1914 15,840 1914 11 1917 2.113 1917 1,730 1915 117 1916 1,979 1915 255 1913 34 1916 1.724 1913 1,854 1913 1,069 1914 2,382 1916 48,955 1914 977 1916 1,210 1917 9,354 1917 9,303 1917 3,660 1916 3,842 1918 10.021 1916 23,709 1914 8,128 1916 266,381 1916 757 1916 340 1915 1,601 1917 533 729.845 Telegraphs Date Miles of Line 191,6 53.711 1916 63.044 1917 13.896 1916 32,513 1913 16,396 1914 5,206 1917 1,257 1912 3,811 1912 36,199 1915 3,701 1916 43,473 1914 1.521 1914 4,045 1915 4,281 1913 3,637 1915 1,004 1915 2,412 1915 18,181 1915 42,097 1914 11,721 1912 5,065 1917 2,301 1915 1,071 1915 4,370 1917 9,297 1914 120,738 1914 9.665 1917 3,118 1917 10.231 1915 19,922 1914 148.192 1914 6,527 1914 5,748 1910 124 1916 86,067 1916 35,415 1917 25,821 1917 637 1918 4,871 1917 440 1913 22,452 1914 528 1917 5,175 1917 13,109 1917 7,468 1913 2,485 1912 6,312 1914 9,321 1916 4.671 1917 11,382 1916 1913 1915 1916 1917 1916 1915 1916 1916 1914 1916 1916 1917 1913 1915 153.168 2.729 4,381 29,286 20,200 3,693 23,677 16,036 81,000 32,214 237,664 4,867 323 2.666 5.443 1.567,920 I n Continued on page 688 iu' 688 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Continued Railways-Egyptian railways include 1,500 miles in the Sudan. Italian data covers sixty-seven miles in Libia, and seventy-five miles in Eritrea. United States is exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii, and switching and terminal roads. Telegraphs-Canada data does not include 11,843 mUes owned by government. Egyptian data does not include 4,687 miles in Sudan. Finland is included with Russia Italian figures include 1,779 mil§s in Eritrea and Libia. United States data does not include Postal Company's wires. ««« . r» Miles of wire total 5,816,219, of which 1,627,842 are in Umted States; 537,208 m Russia, 327,720 in India; 206,575 in Canada; 452,198 in France; 475,561 in Germany; 218,521 in Italy; 116,339 in Japan; 264,480 in United Kingdom. DISTANCES FROM NEW YORK, NEW ORLEANS, SAN FRANCISCO AND PORT TOWNSEND TO PRINCIPAL PORTS AND CITIES (Water routes in nautical miles; land routes in statute mUes.) FOREIGN CITIES Port and Route Aden — Suei Canal Cape of Good Hope Sue» Canal and New York Cape of Good Hope and New York. Sue* and Tehuantepec Suei and Panama Suez and Magellan Strait Singapore • Singapore and Port Townsend Antwer erp. wYc New York Tehuantepec Panama Magellan Strait Batavia (Java) Tehuantepec Panama Suez Canal Cape of Good Hope Bombay— Suez Canal Cape of Good Hope Suez and New York Cape of Good Hope and New York. . . Suez and Tehauntepec Suez and Panama Cape of Good Hope and Tehuantepec. Cape of Good Hope and Panama Magellan Strait Singapore • Singapore and Port Townsend Singapore and San Francisco Singapore and Tehuantep>eo Singapore and Panama Brest, France New York Tehuantepec Panama Magellan Strait Buenos Aires Magellan Strait New York Bermuda w e^^ * oric ■•■•■•«........■ Calcutta — Suez Canal Cape of Good Hope Suez and New York ■ • • Cape of Good Hope and New York. . Singapore ; Singapore and San Francisco Singapore and Tehuantepec Singapore and Panama New York New Orleans San Francisco Port Townsend 6.532 10.985 14,499 3,325 7.870 11.409 12.323 13,167 10.182 11,855 8,120 11,250 14.279 4.853 9,723 14,176 9.500 10.800 15.900 11.500 11.075 12,566 11,598 12,278 9,536 11,848 6,516 7,554 8,264 13,671 7,800 9.731 14.184 10.300 11,600 16,700 11.300 12.771 12,971 13,993 14,837 2,954 12,559 12.262 12,745 14,236 4.458 11,311 14.441 12,110 12,512 15,108 14,500 15.064 9.780 6.524 8,229 9,039 14.446 7,600 11,319 14,449 12.885 13,287 15,800 16.270 15,839 9,580 5.868 676 ■ 9,830 12,180 6.318 12,181 13.405 14.230 1,648 11.239' 12.838 6,145 7,154 7,840 13,209 7.511 9.059 11.462 12,181 13,694 6,154 7,929 8.619 13.084 8,286 9.067 3,867 13.021 15,371 8.990 3.875 13,029 15,379 8.896 Table continued on page 687 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 689 Table Continued: Port and Route New York New Orleans San Francisco Port Townsend Callao — Tehuantepec . Panama Magellan Strait. . . Direct . Cape Town — Direct New York Tehuantepec Panama Magellan Strait Colon (eastern end of Panama Canal) . Canal and Panama Colombo — Suez Canal Cape of Good Hope Suez and New York Cape of Good Hope and New York. Singapore Copenhagen — Direct New York Gibraltar New York Tehuantepec Panama Magellan Strait Guam. San Francisco Port Townsend Hamburg New York Habana New Orleans , Tehuantepec Panama Havre , New York Hong Kong , Port Townsend , San Francisco Tehuantepec Panama Suez Cape of Good Hope. . Magellan Strait Honolulu San Francisco Port Townsend Panama Tehuantepec Magellan Strait Kingston, Jamaica Kongo River, mouth of. New Orleans New York Liverpool New York Tehuantepec Panama Magellan Strait London New York .,. Tehuantepec Panama Magellan Strait Manila — Honolulu and San Bernardino Strait. Yokohama Yokohama and San Francisco Yokohama and Port Townsend Tehuantepec Panama Suez. Cape of Good Hope Suez and New York Cape of Good Hope and New York. Magellan Strait Marseilles New York Tehuantepec Panama Magellan Strait 4.246 3,779 9.603 6,815 1,981 8.610 11,130 3.852 3.207 8,245 8,107 3.652 1.227 3.169 9,085 9,277 10,572 11,431 11,610 13,590 16,868 ■ 6,288' 5,569 6,686 5,806 13,269 1,473 5,662 3,053 3,233 9,480 9,192 10,735 11,546 11.556 13.536 16,736 3.876 2,991 3,264 10,142 7.374 1,380 10,146 11,684 5.443 ■4.576' 7,636 7,887 5,243 597 4,760 8,865 8,568 9,317 10,830 12,892 13.863 17,318 ■ '4,579 5,349 6.085 4,582 13,719 1,165 6,580 4.553 4,507 8,771 8.972 9,480 10.993 12.946 13,986 17,145 5,266 6.398 7.240 7,642 12,734 5,054 6,843 3,079 3,219 4,337 6,360 6,086 2,097 9.062 8,853 6,244 7,169 8,038 13,503 6,424 7,349 8,218 13,683 6,943 6,289 14.747 16,727 7,067 7,930 8,332 13,324 4,012 4,769 10,006 9,700 9.898 10,454 10.014 10,475 10,676 11.229 3.324 4,090 ii.soi 14,321 8,900 11.809 14,329 8,700 7.043 7.051 6,406 8.015 8,417 13,509 4,908 6.851 4.006 3,992 5.112 6.368 5.886 2,370 9.569 8,859 6.250 7.944 8.813 14,238 6,472 8.124 8,993 14,458 7.213 5.993 14,755 16.735 7,073 8,705 9,107 14,099 Table continued on page 690 i ^ »■; f1 I , 690 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Table Continued: Port and Route Melbourne San Francisco Panama Tehuantepec Magellan Strait Suez Canal Cape of Good Hope Mexico City, land and water Mexico City, land Naples New York New Orleans, land and water New Orleans, land Tehuantepec Panama New York, land and water New York, land Tehuantepec Panama • • • Nome, Alaska San Francisco Port Townsend Tehuantepec Panama Magellan Strait Odessa, via Gibraltar. • • • • ■ • Panama (western end of Panama Canau Panama. Canal and Colon Pernambuco, Brazil New York New Orleans Tehuantepec Panama Magellan Strait Port Said. Egypt New York Tehuantepec Panama Port Townsend Tehuantepec Panama «• ■ -■ ; Punta Arenas (Magellan Strait) Rio de Janeiro New York New Orleans Tehuantepec Panama Magellan Strait San Francisco Tehuantepec Panama Petrograd — Direct New York San Juan, P. R New York New Orleans Tehuantepec Panama Magellan Strait Shanghai San Francisco Port Townsend Tehuantepec Panama Sues Cape of Good Hope Singapore San Francisco Port Townsend Suez Cape of Good Hope Yokohama and Panama Yokohama and Tehuantepec Sitka, Alaska San Francisco Port Townsend Tehuantepec Panama Magellan Strait New York New Orleans 10.231 10.028 9.852 12,880 12,981 12,670 2,399 2,898 4,172 ■ V,74i ■ 1.372 5,896 5,555 7,130 8.010 15.840 5,370 2.028 3.696 5.122 3.199 5,190 6.080 6.890 4.778 3.191 4.415 5.305 4.632 1,428 8.741 8.489 9.965 10.855 12.360 14.593 10.693' 10.405 10.170 12.355 13.104 12.209 4.493 3.931 5,748 6.607 14.391 9,522 9.427 8.604 13.143 14,303 12.933 1.172 1.526 5,562 1,741 1.372 5.187 5.335 5.902 7.410 16.249 6,760 1.427 3.969 6.509 2.979 3.966 5.479 7.340 5.218 2.482 3,191 4,704 6,223 1,539' San Francisco Poit Townsend 8,032 8,269 8,741 10,254 13.750 14.806 "9.984* 10.185 11.560 12,914 12.503 10.961 3.784 3.711 4.493 6,006 14.841 7,040 2.142 2.512 7.363 2.482 3.191 4.704 3.191 4.415 5.305 2.075 3.277 6.887 6.451 6.591 6.530 9.439 8,32i* 9.160 9.562 775 6.199 7.969 7.700 7.730 7,678 8,339 7,823 4,619" 4,021 4.182 4.345 12.199 6.550 7,502 r,3ll 2.917 3,349 7.369" 2.979 3.966 5,479 3,199 5.190 6.080 2.356 4,052 6,895 6,^8 7,366 7,305 10.214 ■ 8.327 " 9.935 10.337 6,958 7.977 8.197 8.505 8.453 9.114 775 7.829 ■'4,627 4.518 4.957 5.120 12,974 5.290 7.206 1.302 732 Table continued on page 691 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 691 Table Continued: Port and Route New New York Orleans San Francisco Port Townsend Tehuantepec — western end of railroad Eastern end of railroad Tutuila San Francisco Valparaiso San Francisco Tehuantepec Panama Magellan Strait. . . Vladivostok San Francisco Port Townsend San Francisco and Tehuantepec San Francisco and Panama .... Magellan Strait Wellington. New Zealand San Francisco Tehuantepec Panama Magellan Strait .... Suez Cape of Good Hope Yokohama , Honolulu San Francisco , Port Townsend .... Honolulu and Tehuantepec .... San Francisco and Tehuantepec Honolulu and Panama San Francisco and Panama .... Magellan Strait Singapore and Suez Cape of Good Hope 2.036 '7,34i ' *8'.33i ' 5.480 4.637 8,460 7,897 7,556 9,122 10,001 17.036 812 '6.632" "7,622' 4,256 4.035 8,733 7,188 7,336 8,874 9.410 17.445 9,100 8,344 8,540 11,500 14,230 13,710 7,727 7.439 9.243 8.986 10.093 9,869 16.205 13.040 15.020 8,391 7,096 7,939 11.773 15.620 14,058 7,018 7,219 7,995 7.762 9.492 9.268 16.614 14,471 51.443 2.189 '4,150 '5,140' '4,766 5,909 2,964 4.667" '5.962' '4,357 4.536 5.500 6.415 4.240 6.770 Note: Distances as given are chiefly by water. Distance from Colon to Panama by Panama Canal. 47 miles. Distance from Coatzacoalcos (eastern end of Tehautepec Railway) to Salina Cruz, (western end of Tehuantepec Railway), 190 miles. • AUTOMOBILE CENSUS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES Estimated as of January 1, 1920. Algeria 7.200 Anc^ntina 26.500 Australia 27.000 Austria 19.300 Barbadoes 700 Belgium 12.000 Bolivia 550 Brazil 12.500 British East Africa 900 British Honduras 60 British South Africa 14.000 British Guiana 750 1.000 Bulgaria Canada 350.000 3,500 Ceylon Chile 8,550 China 2,500 Cochin-China 1,000 Colombia 1,200 Costa Rica 400 Cuba 22,000 150 7.000 1..500 Curacao Denmark Dominican Reoublic Dutch East Indies 12,500 100 450 Dutch Guiana Ecuador Egypt 1,500 Finland 2,000 202,000 100 75,000 France French Guiana Germany Great Britain 255.000 1,000 Greece Guadeloupe 300 Guatemala 350 Haiti 300 Hawaiian lalands 6,500 Honduras India Italy. Jamaica Japan Martinique Mexico Morocco Netherlands Newfoundland New Zealand Nicaragua Norway Panama Paraguay Peru Philippine Islands Porto Rico Portugal Portugeuse East Africa Rumania Russia Salvador Siam Spain Straits Settlements Sweden Switzerland Trinidad Tripoli Tunis Turkey Uruguay Venezuela Miscellaneous Asia and Africa Total. 125 18,680 35.600 1.650 5.000 540 16,500 1.000 20.000 500 16.300 200 5,000 600 100 2.000 10.000 5.085 5.000 150 2.500 15.000 100 1.300 14,850 3.500 10.000 14,000 850 700 500 500 5300 2,000 1.000 1.293.890 ,: i < I 692 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF COCOA (1917) Pounds English colonies Ecuador Brazil San Tomaso Fernando Po Venezuela San Domingo 320.020.000 88.184.000 121.253.000 67.999,000 8,261,000 41,887,000 54.674.000 3.402.000 Jblayti Cuba Java Surinam French Colonies 3.307,000 2,546,000 4,248,000 3.527,000 1.724,000 Belgian Congo German colonies Other countries 8.818.000 1,239,000 ti-^AaI • • •...•••• 731,089,000 1 otai In the year 1916 the total was 650,357,000 pounds; in 1915, 656,971,000 pounds, and in 1914, 611,336,000 pounds. WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF COFFEE (1895-1917) With share produced in BrazU. (In bags of 132 pounds). Year World Brazil Year World Brasil 1896-96 . . 1896-97 . . 1897-98. . 1898-99 . . 1899-1900 1900-01 . . 1901-02. . 1902-03 . . 1903-04 . . 1904-05. . 1905-06 . . 1906-07. . 18,395,000 13.915,000 16,050,000 13,225.000 13,805,000 15,070,000 19,790,000 16.665,000 15,992,000 14,446.000 14.792,000 23,786,000 6,005,000 9,315,000 11.210,000 9,320,000 9,425,000 11,285,000 16,145,000 12,945,000 11,101.000 10.523,000 10,884,000 20,190,000 1907-08 . 1908-09. 1909-10. 1910-11. 1911-12. 1912-13. 1913-14. 1914-15. 1915-16. 1916-17. 1917-18. 14,862,000 16,918,000 19.115.000 14.524,000 17,409.000 16.373.000 19,612,000 17,886,000 19,620,000 16,373.000 22.000,000 11.001.000 12,419,000 14,944,000 10,548,000 12,401,000 11,456,000 13,840,000 12,867,000 13.816,000 11,450,000 17,000,000 WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF TEA Country Pounds Country Pounds British India Ceylon .• • r China (for exportation) Japan (for exportation) 300,000,000 200,000,000 200.000,000 75,000,000 Formosa. . Java Total 150.000.000 50.000.000 975.000.000 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF CORN Countries 1916 Bushels Countries North America United States Canada: British Columbia Ontario Total. Mexico . . . ToUl, Argentina. Chile Uruguay. . Total. South America • • • • I Europe Austria-Hungary : Austria (1916) Hunfw^ CrotiapSlavonia Bosnia-Hersegovina . Total Bulgaria (1915) . France (1915) . . 2,566,927.000 6.960,000 322,000 6,282,000 110,065,000 2,683,274,000 161,133,000 1,570,000 4,604,000 167,307,000 8,050,000 180,550,000 25,000,000 7,000,000 220,600,000 35,000,000 17,104.000 Italy Portugal (1915). Rumania (1915) . Russia , Serbia (1915) . . . Spain Switzerland. . . . Total. Asia British India Japan Plulippine Islands. . . Total. Africa Algeria Egypt Union of South Africa. Total . Australia . New Zealand. Anstralasia Total Grand Total . WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF OATS Countries 1916 Countries United States Canada Mexico (1907) Argentina Chile Uruguay Austria-Hungary (1915), Belgium Bulgaria Denmark Finland (1914) France Germany (1918) Italy Luxemburg Netherlands Norway Rumania Russia (in Europe) ...... Bushels 1,251,837,000 410.211,000 15,000 76,280,000 6,350,000 2,283,000 147,550,000 7,372,000 61,656,000 19,572,000 277,179,000 412,400,000 26,076,000 2,720,000 22,240,000 13,502,000 28,935,000 843,249,000 Poland (1916) Caucasia (1915) Serbia (1915) Spain Sweden United Kingdom: England Wales Scotland Ireland Russia in Asia Algeria Tunis Union of South Africa . Australia New Zealand Grand Total, 693 1916 Bushels 81,547.000 9,275,000 86,412,000 80,727,000 12,000.000 25,642,000 150,000 571,457,000 100,080,000 4,102.000 14,083,000 118,265,000 68,362,000 26,304,000 94,666,000 6,794.000 340.000 7.134,000 3.642.103,000 1916 Bushels 84,412,000 25,267,000 4,000,000 32,163,000 93,089,000 77,676,000 8,237,000 37,362.000 62,774,000 84,839.000 13.140.000 2,067.000 16.539.000 7.653.000 4,138,050,000 WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF RYE Countries 1916 Countries 1916 Germany Bushels 360,330,744 4.5,472,008 7.622.240 13.289.582 26,103.555 33.150,236 217,755 126,059 4,362,205 496,535 828,566 15,870,669 2.928.456 Russia in Europe Sweden Bushels 893,359,263 Hungary 23,134.566 Bulgaria Swit zerland 2,059,055 Denmark Canada United States 2.394,192 Spain 54,052,126 France Russia Argentina 23,213.177 Great Britain and Ireland 2,007,874 Greece Chile 186,724 Italy Union of South Africa 724 Luxemburg Australia 133,858 Total Netherlands 1.511,340,169 Rumania t i i 4 iji ! I ! 694 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS WORLD'S WHEAT PRODUCTION Principal wheat producing countries of the world, showing the annual average prior to the war and yearly production during the war. Country Annual Aver. 1912-13-14 Bushels 1915 Bushels 1916 Bushels 1917 Bushels 1918 Bushels United States I«r'2SS'SSS Russia. Europe |8J.500.000 ivance ■.■.■.■.■■.*■....• 335.600.000 Canada.::: 205.700.000 Italy Germany Argentina Hungary Russia, Asiatic Spain.. Australia Rumania Austria England Bulgaria Turkey, Asiatic Egypt Algeria Japan Turkey, European ..... 183,100,000 163,700.000 155,900.000 150,000,000 132,400.000 112,700,000 91,800,000 73,700,000 61,600,000 55,600,000 40,200,000 *• 35,000,000 34.100,000 31,300,000 24,900,000 * 18,000,000 1,025,800,000 525.673,000 376,231,000 222,776,000 426,747,000 170,-541,000 141,676.000 169,165.000 152.934,000 94,556,000 139,298,000 25,677,000 89,241,000 28,286.000 68.437,000 46,212,000 " 35,000.000 39.144.000 34.654.000 26.778.000 • 18,000,000 636,318.000 440,082.000 323,008,000 204.908,000 262,781,000 176.530.000 *138.000.000 172.620.000 ♦147.000,000 * 80.000,000 152.329.000 192,041.000 78..520.000 * 23,000,000 53,262,000 38.241,000 * 30.000,000 36,543,000 29.151,000 30.047.000 * 15.000.000 636.665,000 ♦400.000.000 379.232.000 141.149.000 233.743.000 139.999.000 ♦102,000,000 170.224.000 ♦118.000,000 ♦ 70.000.000 141.087.000 150.800,000 45,000.000 ♦ 20,000,000 55,000.000 ♦ 30.000.000 ♦ 28,000,000 29,834.000 29,979.000 26.532.000 ♦ 15.000.000 917,100.000 ♦350,000.000 ♦300,000.000 225.000.000 190,000,000 168,000,000 ♦110,000.000 160.000.000 103.000,000 ♦ 55.000.000 130,000.000 75,000,000 35,000.000 ♦ 21.000,000 ♦ 85,000,000 ♦ 29,000.000 ♦ 25.000.000 31.000.000 ♦ 30.000,000 25,000,000 ♦ 15.000,000 ♦Estimate WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF POTATOES Country 1912 1913 1915 1916 Germany Russia (in Europe) Poland France Austria Hungary United States Ireland England Belgium Netherlands Italy Switzerland Spain Sweden Norway Denmark Canada Japan Australia Argentina 1,844,863,000 925,775.000 411,281,000 552,074,000 460,821.000 197.812.000 420.647.000 95.077.000 78.961.000 121.481,000 157.810,000 56.313,000 40.785.000 93,089.000 6.5,760,000 29,825,000 32,629.000 84,885,000 25,669.000 11,2.56.000 38,029,000 1,988,. 59 1,000 874,000,000 No data 477,111.000 424.457.000 179,133.000 331.525.000 139.602.000 102.834.000 117.613.000 91.9.57,000 56.0.36,000 44,974.000 90,000,000 75.367.000 27,7.56,000 42,232,000 78,.544,000 25,000,000 15,618.000 40,418,000 1,983,000,000 714,000,000 315.000,000 333,000,000 327,000,000 190,000,000 360.000,000 138,000.000 101.000,000 No data 127.000.000 57.000,000 39,000,000 77,000,000 79,000.000 19,000,000 43,000,000 62,000,000 26.000,000 16,000.000 38,000,000 882,000,000 662,000,000 No data 336,000.000 No data No data 287,000,000 91.000,000 88.000.000 No data 29,000.000 54,000,000 18,000,000 No data 55,000,000 29,000,000 27,000,000 63,000,000 39,000.000 12,000,000 31,000,000 WORLD'S WINE PRODUCTION (1916) Country Gallons Country Gallons Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Bra«U ChUe.............. ..;•• France (including Corsica) 206,646,827 121.276,.500 6,604,250 6.604,2.50 21.133,600 60,7.59,100 1,005.668,773 Italy Portugal Russia Spain Switierland . . Tunis United States 1,022,3.37,900 143.946.2,33 39.622..500 614.776,424 11,464,978 12,151.820 41,696,026 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES Tons of 2,240 pounds United States: Beet industry Louisiana and Texas . Hawaii Porto Rico Virgin Islands North America Total United States Total United States (tons of 2,000 lbs.) , Canada Cuba Banto Domingo and Haiti. British West Indies French West Indies Mexico Central America Total North America Total North America (tons of 2,000 lbs.) South America Argentina Brazil British Guiana Peru. Other South America . Total South America Total South America (tons of 2,000 lbs.) Europe Germany Czecho-Slovakia Poland Russia and Ukraine France Belgium Netherlands Sweden Denmark Italy Spain Other Europe Total. Europe Total, Europe (tons of 2,000 lbs.) . Africa Natal Mauritius and Reunion Mozambique Kgypt Other Africa India . Java. Total Africa Total. Africa (tons of 2.000 lbs.) .... The Far East Japan and Formosa. . . . Philippines (shipments) . Australia and Fiji Total, Far East Total. Far East (tons of 2,000 lbs.) Worid's total World's total (tons of 2,000 lbs.) Estimated decrease in world's production Estimated decrease in world'n production (tons of 2.000 lbs.) . 1919-20 695 SUGAR CROPS OF THE WORLD FOR 1919-20 AND 1918-19 (Estimate by Willett and Gray) 1918-19 710,000 680,500 118,000 20S,.500 562,500 536,000 393,000 362,500 12,500 10,000 1,796,000 1,797,.500 2,011,520 2,013,200 20,000 22,000 4,300,000 3.967,000 200,000 165,000 210.000 200,000 50,000 55,000 60.(500 60,000 45,000 55,000 6,681,000 6,321,500 7.482,720 7,080,080 250,000 130,000 175,000 275,000 100,000 95,000 250.000 300.000 35,000 45,000 810,000 845,000 907,200 946,400 950,000 1,342,000 700,000 700,000 300,000 300,000 100,000 400,000 165,000 115.000 125,000 80.000 240,000 170.000 140,000 120,000 125,000 140,000 128,000 65,000 120,000 146,000 35,000 20,000 3,128,000 3,598,000 3,503,360 4.029.760 160,000 145,000 287,000 300,000 50,000 50,000 100,000 100,000 15,000 10,000 612.000 60.1,000 685.440 677,600 2,500.000 2,337,000 1,300,000 1,625,000 300,000 300.000 220,000 192.000 235,000 225,000 4,555.000 4,679.000 5.101,600 5,240,480 15.786,000 16,048,500 17,680,320 17.974,320 262,500 294.000 The above figures expressed in terms of refined sugar, show a production of 14,740,360 long tons (16,509,202 ordinary tons) for 1919-20, as compared with a production in 1918-19 of 14,995,957 long tons (16,795,380 ordinary tons). i i: { ^ 696 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS II WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF IRON AND STEEL Statistics mmniled bv National Federation of Iron and Steel Manufacturers: Year United Kingdom United States Germany (a) France PiQ Ibon 1900.. 1905. . 1910.. 1911.. 1912.. 1913., 1914., 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1900... 1905 . . . 1910... 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 1914.. 1915.. 1916.. 1917.. 1918.. Steel Long Tons 8,960.000 9,608,000 10.012.000 9,526,000 8,751.000 10,260.000 8,924,000 8,794,000 9.048,000 9.420,000 9,066,000 4,901.000 5,812,000 6,374,000 6,462,000 6,796,000 7,664.000 7,885,000 (c) 8,550,000 (c) 9,196,000 (c) 9.804.000 (c) 9.591,000 Long Tons 13,789,000 22.992,000 27.304.000 23,650,000 29,727,000 30,966,000 23,332,000 29,916,000 39,435,000 38,621,000 39,052,000 10,188.000 20,024,000 26.095.000 23,676,000 31,251,000 31.301,000 23.513,000 32,151,000 42,774,000 45.061,000 45,073,000 Metric Tons 8,521,000 10,988,000 14,793,000 15,534,000 17,753.000 19.292,000 14,392,000 11,790,000 13,285.000 13.142,000 (a) 11.590,000 6,646,000 10,067,000 13,699,000 15,019,000 17,302,000 18,959,000 14,973.000 13,258,000 16,183,000 16,587,000 (a) 14,874,000 Metric Tons 2,714,000 3,077.000 4,032,000 4,426.000 4.939,000 5.207,000 (b) 1,447,000 1,684.000 1,297,000 1,565.000 2.240,000 3,390,000 3,681,000 4.428.000 4,687,000 (b) (b) 1,952,000 2,232,000 1,912.000 turns, (c) Including steel castings. WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF COAL (in short tons) ___^^ Year United States United Kingdom Germany World Per Cent United States 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 33,036,000 71,482,000 157.771.000 269.684,000 501,596,000 570.048,000 513,525,000 531,619,000 590,098,000 651,402,000 685,350,000 123,683,000 164,606,000 203,408,000 252,203,000 296,105,000 321,922,000 297,699,000 283,561,000 287,118,000 278,290,000 255,000,000 37,488.000 65,187,000 98,399,000 104,805,000 245,043,000 305,715,000 270,595,000 258,590,000 No data No data No data 334,850,000 364,737.000 563,693,000 846,042,000 1,279,021,000 1,443,393,000 1,346,000,000 ♦1,340,000,000 ♦1,390,000,000 ♦1,430,000.000 ♦1,431,000,000 14.1 19.6 28.0 31.9 39.2 39.5 38.1 39.1 42.4 45.6 47.8 Note: ♦Estimate based on latest available figures. WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF TIN (Tons) ^__^ Country 1916 Country 1916 Federated Malay States Non Federated Malay States . Bolivia Banca Billiton China Siam 49,134 4,900 23,508 16,294 5.600 9,000 9,400 Nigeria Australia Cornwall Union of South Africa. Other countries 5.684 5,000 4,200 2,100 1,500 Total. 136,320 World production, tons (1917), 147,301; (1918), 143,737. SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 697 WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF CRUDE PETROLEUM (1917) Countries 42-GaUon Barrels Tons United States Russia Mexico Dutch East Indies. . India Persia Galicia Japan and Formosa . Rumania Peru Trinidad Argentina Egypt Germany Canada Venezuela Italy Cuba Other countries . . . . Total 335,315.601 69,000,000 55,292,770 12,928,955 8,078,843 6,8.56,063 5,965,447 2,898,654 2,681,870 2,533,417 1,599.455 1,144,737 1,008,750 995,764 205,332 127,743 50,334 19,167 506,702,902 49.179.621 10,360,359 9,077.917 1,956,344 1.184,896 1,047,454 912,591 425,135 410.300 371.567 244,701 183,558 147,950 154,000 30,115 19,516 7,700 2.928 75,716.652 WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF RUBBER The following table shows the world's production of crude rubber from 1900 to 1919, inclusive, the quantities being given in long tons (2,240 pounds), and the statistics for plantation and Brazil rubber being given separately: Year Planta- tion Rro.il Other ^™"' kinds Total Year Planta- tion B-il S^S Total 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 4 5 8 21 43 145 510 1,000 1,800 3,600 26,750 30,300 28,700 31.100 30,000 35.000 36.000 38,000 39,000 42.000 27.136 24,545 23,632 24,829 32,077 27,000 29,700 30,000 24,600 24,000 63,890 54,850 52.340 55,950 62,120 62,145 66,210 eo.ooo 65,400 69.600 1910.... 1911.... 1912.... 1913.... 1914.... 1915.... 1916.... 1917.... 1918a... 1919a... 8,200 14.419 28.518 47,618 71.380 107,867 152,650 204,251 210,000 240,000 40.800 37.730 42.410 39,370 37,000 37,220 36,500 39,370 38.000 38,000 21,500 23,000 28,000 21.452 12,000 13,615 12,448 13,258 12,000 12,000 70,500 75.149 98,928 10S.440 120.3SO 158,702 201,593 256,879 260,000 290,000 Note: a Estimated. It is notable that 76 per cent, of planted acreage of plantation rubber is owned by British capital, and 2.8 per cent, by American capital, according to best available authorities as follows: Plantation Interests Acreage Per Cent. « British Dutch French and Belgian American German All other Totsd .... 1,513.576 260.000 100.000 55,000 3,400 63,577 1,995.553 75.9 13.0 5.0 2.8 .2 3.1 100 I J i t i 698 OQ O > OQ u d o EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS o "3 > o on c B Q o O o o H O P Q O pei i/i Q O |o ^ a 00 11 CO U O OC 3 in 0) U eS C 00 09 u ^ C o3 3 oo 3 ft) <.2 OS n 276 630 989 994 065 OS $104. 104 106 115 118 OS 1 eo«ccoco to osecTf ^r- fO t^.-iOsON w* t>.t*OC5'<»< OS i^CO?C.-.C^ r-l OS «C CO OS kC CO OS»C«XOS C^ C«-^iOt^OS ,-1 »-i fh ,-H ,-m^ ^ «D0CO W5 NCS«CO-^ ©ose(NC5, oo««oo O5QC-<»'r0(N OS M I^ «0 1 »C fC e^ -< X c '-0 •*_^^iOCSN 0 N O^^MCOJW «o«o«c ^t* c« r^oso esatc --xii O »C kO eoocckO-4 OWOJ-fkO ^»-i ko »-' »^ S;D t>» "^ "^ __0'-<«0.«^. lOtOkOkO kC CON WNQ NOON NO "^kOkON Sr»kOkO «t*t»odos S X i-H kO o CO OS* e<9 9N-*ecoc w -Ht>-«OkO •»f t-?0NOS_ Qco'cc"©-* NX^NX •X^^ON* OSi-'^'kOM 12.894.856 14,437,669 15,778.016 16,739.448 18.290..567 d X SCOX^N N-^X C «o;c_r>^eO'V_^ h-kft QkCN «^C:__kCOC oTcT^NN ^^NNN kC t^ X -- OS C- Ci OS O N OCO_^-^t>._N MkCkflCCN kC to CC^ kC cokCN^r^-^ NNN -^N NNNNN OS X* CO OSt^N x^ w —"coo NN^ 075.579 074,758 856.096 867,019 962.778 o CO N « CO X ^H ^4 ^ NCCNt^CO eoNt-cO'^ eO CO CO ^^*^ t^kOXNCO »-< CO CO ^ CO 0»-< ^ CO "-I CO OCS kCX ^ ,— < I— I t^b» eoXkcr^N c^ — •^»-* koacoc cr^ XXNNN — ^NNN «COi>««OCC So: CO CO kC kft'T COOS^X iCNcc'no: kC t^ « ^ CO — N rococo NNNNN kCNQ OS COO »cos,o i>^coeo kor-o CONN NNN N — t^N^; OCQ<-iCOO t*ao»-«x — CO «s 0& OS J^ CCl^ t* NCO'^COCO X l-l kCkfl^XQ t-N^XkC COCO__'-_CO__N od^*cot>-*d co — w ^kO< NN t*Nh-QO TTN — QkO t-iCO '^ kC CO CO CO ^ ^ ^ t^ CO ^ •-• <^ NkCNXcO kC — »ft l~^N OS© — Q« ^■^ kOfflt- o» N co" kO *. N kC g2§ CC_N'>«CXkC h-X«NO kC — OcO_^CO eokrj'^f — r>r OXCOCO — N — CSNCO eo OCkOO Sh-O ^eo_^0 Nk-o'd r^eoN CO^'* coco — coo NkC »0t>.0 Ncq— Okfl N — d'*"'** Nh-C0kO« OSOS O — — S®^kor» ON to CO t--X^N'*_l>-_^ x'ostOf^r^ coos ■^ CO OS — — CO — CO ^ — — cot^ O •^ OS CO CO t» »0 t^C0_kO — ^'— N'^ ^NCCt>-t>. O — NOOS 8^ iNr»co jXkCkC )kO_^X_C0_ kcd— ox" CCOOS OS (^ CO or^ « CO kCtN'^cO 0_X_C"* — co" d t^* d — ^ »■ to CO N o N CO to r^ cokOeot>»N CO t>- — OS CO cox cox_co_ ko"eo"NN"co" kor>-x xt- kOCNCON r-oo COkOO •*t»o x"o"d QC t-CO OXOO — ^OXkO ^XkOkON ox — CDCC_^ "osCONtO kQkQcO to s s NtOCO — O NO"''^'* OOX^Tf ^_ kOeo*^*o"N" ^^^kO )OS ■«J< N to CO tC l>. X ■* CO t^ N tO^^'^r iO^_^ dVos — d copcocoto — NtOOCO OS CO C0_^ n" CO NOSXQC CO to <— ' ko g CO CO "^ CO x_ co"co — co"d XQ — C50 — OOSt^fx §C5NNCC kO — oso _kO — kOr-._^ — io"dcoco X cr^ t^ OS kO •* ■^■* ■* kO N CO d CO ■*. N OSkOCOXcO kox ^-^-^• — x_os_— o CO — Ncod r^ — ot^- •* coxites NCON CCOCO ^X kO dx"o" CO CO — kO kO <-< Nt^:9' — cox eodr; OS oso COkOO gs 1-* N ox N t^x o XX t>- kOkO o 1-H i-< 00 X coco SN — ^CO_X_^ t^os'd OSCO- kOt^OS 8 i ^ § N w^ N O) Nkoxor^ cocoes —OS — OSCONX N to .500 000 ,000 .480 .742 N N X ■* X t^ OS CO 1^ — CON kor^ — •^x X N 805 870 ,560 ,892 .265 CO OS CO NNco"co"co" kO CO CO CO CO ^ OS wl COh- OOSt* CONNO — co_x__eo__r^_o kO ^V — r^ cot>»r^NkO kocokox^^cq CO OS •f CO 5 kO — X h- Q r-"ddNt>^ X N OS t>- 00 tOkONkOoq t^oco kO ^r>. ©•v^eo^^ OS —"CO r>.kO — >*oco_^ ^ ^ ec ^ CO CON kOONO r-.__NO,co N^COt>. NCO'* NOSXXX — — Ncoeo OS kO -^ tC-< NkOXCO — t» — cox^^- kO CO N d N 8C0 — kOt^ OSNt^O — ■^r-xco g2; — X( iiON )COco I cC tO NNCOCO CO— N— CO OS — cO'tt- cooqcotO'r ^x"r-*co^" h, OS — CO OS ^OS_CO_^— ^, — CO^tO cO_OcO_ .-I ^H OS gNt^ dr^odx'x QX Tf — coos eo'V — ^XQ^ 8iO ,— ^ ^< ^CC^^-^OS^-* CO OS Tf OCS C0_NliX__»O__ -CO'* OtON — os_^q_ CO*— n" — X''* i»co»o do" OS* ONNr^N CO t^ooqt^ CONOCO- s t-O'^pco kO kOO-^'T'O ^ NNCOkO-* CO OXNOkO OCOOSOOO § CONX — kO kO XX — OO OS — CO — Nr» kO k0cct>-0 — o — — — nn" OS NXXCO- (>- r^ CO N CC X^N^tO^CS,^ kO dto loos XOSCOON — CO N — r-, N*NC0^"CC to N Os_ kO f^CON — CD OS N N OS C0_^XCs^X_^O Ndr>."dN OS ^ •-" OS CO r-osco — N coco ^ *♦ 'C OS to — XCOOtO oso — t^ CO kO_^C0_— o^. kOOC — t^"t» NCO tO'. Cs__cC__tq'*__ — CO CO CO CO CO ox — NX ^^t^. .-I kC" ^^x^co_— « — dos — d — Q CO O X OS»kOC0C0 NNNNN h-eCQ h-_X^O •*"QCkO kOCSX OS t»«o 8 X f-< I CO COt^OOOS o 00 00X000 xooooxx o — NCC^tO O O OS O OS xooooxx »o 00 00 o «t«00O( O OS OS OS ( xoox X( 8 ^ :S — N< 881 ;8 o >o )0 o H lO a» I ^M ^H ^N ^^ •-< QOS OS OS 0> o IS B tot^x rH f^ v4 OS Os9 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 699 WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF SILVER (OOOs Omitted) 1918 1917 1916 1915 1914 1913 United States Canada Mexico Central America Bolivia and Chile Peru Other South American countries Eurojje New South Wales Other AustralisLn states Japan British India Other Asiatic countries Africa Total, World. Ounces 67,867 20,000 38,000 2,500 5,000 11,000 500 8.200 9,500 1,300 7,000 2,500 100 1,200 174,667 Ounces 71,740 22,151 31,214 2,370 4,107 11,000 435 8,123 9,363 1,271 6,844 1,500 142 1,194 171.454 Ounces 74,415 25,460 22,838 2,602 4,402 10,787 391 8,478 8,069 1,062 5,806 629 92 1,203 166,234 Ounces 74,961 26,626 39,570 2,920 3,870 9,420 397 10,107 8,305 1,214 5,120 285 79 1,188 184.062 171,281 Ounces Ounces 72,455 66.801 28.406 31,525 27,547 70,704 2.755 2.135 790 4,050 9,214 8,351 445 725 9,240 15,248 13.360 14,5a5 870 3,964 4,836 4,650 236 69 532 1,058 1,056 224.246 WORLD'S PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF TEXTILES (1913) The following table shows the production of textile fibers by grand divisions: Grand DiAnsions Cotton Tons Wool Tons Silk, raw Tons Flax, raw Tons Jute Tons Europe, including Asiatic Russia and Turkey America Asia, exclusive of Asiatic Russia and Turkey Oceania Africa 262,845 3,560,062 1,942,396 192 376,062 515.552 407,550 106,348 431,750 110,590 7,791 '37,756' 625,704 31 9,460 1,996,885* Total 6,141,557 1,571.790 45,541 635.195 1.996.885 The value of raw materials and manufactured products of the textile industries, by classes, for the calendar year 1913, follows: Value of Raw Materials Produced Value of Manufactured Products Cotton Wool Silk Flax Jute Clothing, millinery, made-up articles. Total $1,575,608,000 557,872,000 297.928,000 98,889.000 181,832,000 $2,712,129,000 $5,951,142,000 2,453,804,000 932,508,000 456,555,000 331,272,000 429,209.000 $10,554,490,000 The value of textile fibers produced, and the value of textile manufactures produced and consumed, during the calendar year 1913, by grand divisions, follow: Grand Divisions Value of Raw Fibers Produced Value of Textile Manufactures Domestic Consumption of Textiles Europe, including Asiatic Russia and Turkey. America Asia, exclusive of Asiatic Russia and Turkey . Oceania Africa Total $401,100,000 1,078,188.000 901,854,000 167.124.000 163,863,000 $2,712,129,000 $6,249,740,000 2,198.070.000 2,059,700,000 22,634,000 24,346.000 $10,554,490,000 $4,726,775,000 2,625.045,000 2.175.250,000 132.993.000 190,400.000 $9,850,463,000 The table below gives the value of the textile manufactures, by countries, for the calen- dar year 1913, unless otherwise stated: I I 700 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS VALUE OF WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF TEXTILES BY COUNTRIES (1913) Countries Value of Textile Manufactures Countrief Value of Textile Manufactures Europe United Kingdom. Germany France Russia Austria-Hungary . Italy Belgium Spain Switzerland Netherlands Turkey (1911)... Sweden Portugal (1912).. Rumania Bulgaria (1911).. Finland Norway Denmark Greece (1911) . . . Serbia (1911).... $1 1 Total. America United States (1913-14). Brazil (1912) Canada (1911-12) Mexico (1907) Argentina ChUe Peru Colombia Uruguay (1911) Venezuela Cuba (1914) Ecuador Guatemala Boli'v-ia (1912) ,514,010.000 ,264,440,000 945,574,000 829,287,000 469,288,000 361,070,000 172,145,000 150,700,000 141.730,000 103.000,000 79,659.000 58.190,000 31,178,000 27,227,000 23,705,000 18,897.000 18,850,000 17,945,000 12,185,000 10,660,000 Total. $6,249,740,000 1,957,788.000 79.706,000 59,286.000 49.718.000 27,322,000 8,473,000 5.4,50.000 3.450,000 1.547.000 1.523.000 1,166.000 1,070.000 833.000 738,000 Asia China (1911) British India (1912-13) . . . Japan (1911) Dutch East Indies Persia (1912-13)......... French Indo-China (1911) French India (1911) Siam (1911-12) Afghanistan (1912-13) . . . , Total $971,873,000 695,222,000 317,706,000 38,890.000 15,327,000 12,828.000 3,570,000 2,856,000 1,428.000 $2,059,700,000 Oceania Australia (1912) New Zealand (1912)... Philippines (1910-11).. Total Affka Egypt Algeria (1911) Tunis Morocco (1912) Total Grand Total . . . . 17.660.000 2,594.000 2,380,000 $22,634,000 12.210.000 8,090.000 2.142,000 1,904.000 $2,198,070,000 $10 $24,346,000 .554,490.000 WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF RAW SILK (In thousands of pounds) Country 1910-1914 (5-yr. av.) 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Japan (a) . China (d) . Italy Levant (c) France ... Austria. . . Spain. . . . India (d). Total 29.318 17,643 8.523 5.832 990 726 180 434 33.448 12.880 8.951 8.935 893 666 161 110 63.646 61.044 37.367 16.475 6,349 2.293 286 331 121 220 63.442 43.962 16.612 7.963 2.293 485 331 198 194 72,038 47,914 15,267 6.217 2.293 452 331 154 243 72,871 (d) 53.000 14.520 5,942 2,293 529 331 165 254 77,034 Note: (a) Calendar year, (d) Estimated. (b) Exports only. (c)Production for 1915 used as estimate for later years. SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 701 PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF TEXTILE MANUFACTURES BY COUNTRIES (1913) Countries Per Capita Consumption of Textiles Countries Per Capita Consumption of Textiles £ttrop« France United Kingdom Belgium Switzerland Germany Netherlands Sweden Norway Denmark Austria-Hungary Italy Finland Spain Bulgaria , . . . Rumania Portugal Greece Turkey Serbia Russia Average America United States Canada , Arpentina , Chile Uruguay Cuba Panama $15.76 15.69 15.63 15.33 14.02 13.77 12.30 11.60 10.85 7.55 7.49 7.30 7.04 6.66 6.14 5.85 5.59 6.28 5.09 4.84 9.02 20.34 15.82 11.45 7.90 7.55 5.18 5.07 America — Continued Dutch America British America, n. e. s Bolivia Brazil Costa Rica Mexico French America Honduras Colombia Paraguay Ecuador Venezuela Peru Salvador Nicaragua Dominican Republic and Haiti Guatemala Average America, except the United States and Canada Asia and Oceania New Zealand Australia Aden Straits Settlements New Caledonia Samoa French India Fiji $4.91 4.88 4.69 4.40 4.19 4.10 2.55 2.55 2.54 2.02 1.98 1.94 1.82 1.57 1.54 1.45 1.27 13.75 4.53 19.65 18.40 15.98 15.59 8.60 6.28 5.06 4.97 WORLD'S MERCHANT TONNAGE (June 30, 1919) Countries United Kingdom British Dominions United States: Seagoing Great Lakes Austria-Hungary Denmark France , Germany Greece Holland: Italy Japan Norway Spain Sweden Other coxmtries Total steam tonnage. Bail tonnage (net) Grand total Increase (♦) June, 1914 June. 1919 or Decrease (-) Gross Tons Gross Tons Gross Tons 18,892,000 16,345,000 -2.547.000 1,632,000 1.863,000 ♦ 231,000 2,027,000 9,773.000 *7.746.000 2,260,000 2,160.000 - 100.000 1,052,000 713.000 - 339,000 770,000 631,000 - 139.000 1,922,000 1,962,000 + 40.000 £,135,000 3,247,000 -1.888.000 821,000 291,000 - 530.000 1,472,000 1.574,000 + 102.000 1.430,000 1,238,000 - 192,000 1.708,000 2.315,000 + 617,000 1.957.000 1,597,000 - 360.000 884,000 709.000 - 175,000 1,015.000 917,000 - 98,000 2,427.000 2,552,000 + 125,000 45,404.000 47.897.000 *2.493,000 3,686.000 3.022,000 - 664,000 49,090.000 50.919,000 +1.829.000 I • I 702 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 703 TONNAGE DEFINITIONS World's Shipbuilding, December, 1919 Steamers and Motor Vessels CountricB Steel Wood Saiuno Vessels Steel Wood No. Gross Tonnage No. Gross Tonnage No. Gross Tonnage No. Total No. Gross Tonnage Gross I Tonnage I America (United States) Atlantic Coast .... Gulf Ports.. Pacific Coast .... ^ Great Lakes United Kingdom .... British Dominions: (Great Canada..] Lakes... (Coast Other Dominions .... Belgium China Denmark France (a) Germany Greece Holland Italy (including Trieste) Japan Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Total 265 50 117 58 727 13 38 17 8 10 53 58 "i 125 56 64 57 27 51 1795 1,548,630 252.796 697,701 147.660 2,982,638 33.040 141,650 55.272 26,293 35,700 99.285 215,455 900 328.014 285.127 309.474 91,773 6 29 32 4.000 73,870 69,100 2,502 10 4 22 3,205 13,000 14 27 35 2,900 4,150 8.959 43 107,313 105,540 (6)7,464^1 1,050 . . . . 9501.... 24 12 21.425 946 840 11 151 4.355 186.688 42 324 1.150 21 (c) 26,638 8 1 5 150 f (o) The figures for this country are not ye* avajlable. Note (6) Including 22 ferro-concrete vessels of 58-348 tons. {(c) Including 13 ferro-concrete vessels of 9.021 tons. 11.840 63.213 81.500 "iso 10,785 3.683 370 647 757 113 8 10 56 65 2 126 2.966.515 2,994.240 251.480 26,293 35.700 100,335 216,775 V,.566 328.338 6.845 4.370 150 870 183.776 125 64 61 9 28 67 2138 314.547 309.474 92.719 5.210 107.463 110.765 7.861,363 The word ton is commonly used with reference either to a ship or to a ship's cargo. In ocean freight rates based on weight the unit principally used is the long ti)n of 2,240 pounds. In American coastwise traffic the short ton of 2,000 pounds is commonly used, and this unit is sometimes employed in shipments to nearby foreign ports. The measurement ton of 40 cubic feet, assumed to be the equivalent of 2,240 pounds, is ordinarily employed in fixing freight charges on Hght or bulky articles, that is, on merchan- dise which weighs less than 56 pounds (one-fortieth of 2,240 pounds) to 1 cubic foot, steam- ship companies exercising the option of assessing freight per measurement ton or per weight ton, whichever may be the greater. Some European shipping companies use the metric ton of 2,205 pounds as a unit. There are four kinds of tonnage used in the measurement of ships, as follows : (1) Gross tonnage: The gross tonnage of a vessel is obtained by dividing the cubic measurement of its total enclosed space by 100. A vessel ton is 100 cubic feet. In other words a vessel measures 1 gross ton for every 100 cubic feet of her capacity. (2) Net tonnage: The net tonnage of a vessel is obtained by subtracting from the gross tonnage the cubic contents of the space required for the accommodation of the crew, for machinery, the stowage of fuel, and the engine room. Net tonnage represents the cubic contents of that part of the ship which is closed in and employed for the carrying of cargo and passengers. The unit of measurement employed in determining net tonnage is the ton of 100 cubic feet. Since ordinarily a ton of cargo occupies less than 100 cubic feet, a vessel's cargo tonnage commonly exceeds its gross and net tonnage. (3) Deadweight tonnage: This term is employed to denote the estimate of the num- ber of tons of 2,240 pounds each of cargo, fuel and stores which the vessel carries when loaded to its maximum depth. It is equivalent to the difference between the number of tons of water displaced by the vessel without stores, fuel or cargo, and the number of tons of water displaced when the vessel is submerged to the "load water line." Since a part of the contents of the vessel represented by its deadweight tonnage is devoted to stores and fuel, the tonnage of a vessel's cargo capacity is less than its total deadweight tonnage. The terms deadweight tonnage and deadweight capacity are used inter-changeably. (4) Displacement tonnage: The displacement tonnage of a vessel is its weight in tons of 2,240 pounds, and is equivalent to the weight of water displaced by the vessel when fully loaded. The term is commonly employed in the measurement of warships, and by shipbuilders in determining the number of cubic feet of water which will be displaced by a ship at any given draft, the weight of a cubic foot of water being calculated at 35 pounds. The relation of these various kinds of tons to each other may be roughly approximated by the rule-of-thumb that the gross tonnage of a vessel is two thirds its deadweight tonnage, while its net tonnage is two thirds its gross tonnage. i ! i» ^11 704 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 705 THE PRINCIPAL ECONOMIC PROVISIONS OF THE TREATY OF PEACE WITH . The Principal econoy.icprovi^^^^^ atives of Coal (Part VIII Sec 1 • Aanex V. Faxt ^J^'^ °*(°p;^ 'vili; Sec 1. Annex IV, Paragraph 6); Shipping fpart Vm sL'l Aniex ni)! Reco" S^lViVn Ma^eri^ VIII. Sec. 1. Annex iv. Paragraph. 2 to U- elusive): Submarine Cables (Part VIII. Sec. 1. Annex Mil). COAL AND DERIVATIVES OF COAL (Part VIII. Section 1, Annex V) "Germany accords the following options for the delivery of ooal and derivatives of coal to the undermen- tioned signatories of the present Treaty. .jju;«« Btulhon tons in any one year of the succeedmg ."^e years. " ,". ""p^ , Calais " erciaed in the restoration of the destroyed mmes in the Nord and the Pas de Calais. •• Germany undertakes to deliver to Belgium eight miUion tons of coal annual y for ten years. ••Germany undertakes to deliver to Italy up to the following Quantiti^ of %a»:J"^y; 1^19 to^June 1920 ^""•"•Germany further undertakes to deliver annually to I^"""**^?;]' ^jrec^ by J^e Regar^tion Commis- sion, a quantity of coal equal to the pre-war annual consumption of German coal »" Lu^^^^urg ••The prices to be paid for coal delivered under these potions shall be as f«U«^:/a)For overland d^^^^ ever H^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Associated Governments interested may demand the delivery, in place of coal, of metal- lurgical coke in the proportion of 3 tons of coke to 4 tons of coal. u / *• k -i «, K„ —t^r "Germany undertakes to deliver to France, and to transport to the f;«°.^„^^^7^°l'"^fe** ^eaty^ ^^l[ oils, heavy oils, anthracene, napthalene or pitch. DYESTUFFS AND DERIVATIVES (Part VIII. Sec. 1. Annex VI) "normanv accords to the Reparation Commission an option to require as part of reparation **»« deliv- Siall be exercised within sixty days of. the receipt by the Commission of such particulars as to stocks as may be considered necessary by the Commission. • j , „ i..^„„ *i,. ««rinrl ••Germany further accords to the Reparation Commission »« W^^ toj^^^f ^'J^'J^^^^^^ from the date of the coming into force of the present Treaty until January J: ^^^^L^'j^yX^J^^ S"uch dyestuff and chemical drug up to an amount.not exceeding 25 Per cent of the German pro^^ dyestufTs and chemical drugs during the previous six months P«"od If in any caM t^e p^^ six months' period. , . n . c j v *v- /-'«—, '•For dvestuffs and chemical drugs delivered under paragraph ^-^^e price shall be ^^^ J^ ^^^^^j mission hftvinir recard to ore-war net export prices and to subsequent increases of cost, i-or d^estuns ana ^SScJ'dZUlf^^^JSreTl^rl^f.pSl, the price shall be fixed ^V the Cornmission ha^ war net export prices and subsequent variations of cost, or the lowest net selling price of similar aye^^tuns and chemical drugs to any other purchaser. * , . . ,. j .n „*v— •'All details including mode and times of exercising the options, and making delivery, a^" all otner Questions Sg under thg, arrangement shall be determined by the jReparation Commission: the Gertnan Go^eSSen^wuf fSmish Jo^he Commission all necessary information and other assistance which it may require. ••The above expression "dyestuffs and chemical drugs" includes all synthetic dyes and drugs and inter- mediatVor She* products usi in connection with dyeing, so far as.they^^are manufactured for sale. Th, present arrangement shall also apply to cinchona bark and salts of quimne. Note: * In addition to the tonnage of coal to be supplied annually to France. France received the coal mines of the Saar Basin with an estimated annual production of 13,266,000 tons. LIVESTOCK (Part VIII. Sec. 1. Annex IV, Par. 6) ••(1) To the French Government: 500 stallions (3 to 7 years): 30,000 fillies and mares (18 months to 7 years), type: Ardennals, Boulonnais or Belgian; 2,000 bulls (18 months to 3 years); 90,000 milch cows (2 to 6 years) ; 1,000 rams; 100.000 sheep; 10.000 goats. (2) To the Belgian Government: 200 stallions (3 tr> ? years), large Belgian type: 5,000 mares (3 to 7 years), large Belgian type; 5,(X)0 fillies (18 months to 3 years); large Belgian type; 2,000 bulls (18 months to 3 years); 50,000 milch cows (2 to 6 years); 40,000 heifers; 200 rams; 20,000 sheep; 15,(XX) sows. The animals delivered shall be of average health and condition. To the extent that animals so delivered cannot be identified as animals taken away or seized, the value of such animab shall be credited against the reparation obligations of Germany in accordance with paragraph 5 of the Annex." SHIPPING (Part VIII. Sec. 1. Annex III.) •'1. Germany recognises the right of the Allied and Associated Powers to the replacement, ton for ton (gross tonnage) and class for class, of all merchant ships and fishing boats lost or damaged owing to the war. Nevertheless, and in spite of the fact that the tonnage of German shipping at present in existence is much lees than that lost by the Allied and Associated Powers in consequence of the German aggression, the right thus recognized will be enforced on German ships and boats under the following conditions: The German Government, on behalf of themselves and so to bind all other persons interested, cede to the Allied and Asso- ciated Grovernments the property in all the German merchant ships which are of 1,600 tons gross and upwards; in one-half, reckoned in tonnage, of the ships which are between 1,(XX) tons and 1,600 tons gross; in one- quarter, reckoned in tonnage, of the steam trawlers; and in one-quarter, reckoned in tonnage, of the other fishing boats. 2. The German Government will, within two months of the coming into force of the present Treaty, deliver to the Reparation Commission all the ships and boats mentioned in paragraph 1. •'3. The ships and boats mentioned in paragraph 1 include all ships and boats which (a) fly, or may be entitled to fly, the German merchant flag; or (b) are owned by any German national, company or corpora- tion or by any company or corporation belonging to a country other than Allied or Associated country and under the control or direction of German nationals; or (c) are now under construction (1) in Germany, (2) in other than Allied or Associated countries for the account of any German national, company or corporation. * ' 4. For the purpose of providing documents of title for the ships and boats to be handed over as above mentioned, the German Government will: (a) Deliver to the Reparation Commission in respect of each vessel a bill of sale or other document of title evidencing the transfer to the Commission of the entire proi>erty in the vessel, free from all encumbrances, charges and liens of all kinds, as the Commission may require: (b) To take all measures that may be indicated by the Reparation Commission for ensuring that the ship^s themselves shall be placed at its disposal. "5. As an additional part of reparation, Germany agrees to cause merchant ships to be built in German yards for the account of the Allied and Associated Governments as follows: (a) Within three months of the eoming into force of the present Treaty, the Reparation Commission will notify to the German Government the amount of tonnage to be laid down in German shipyards in each of the two years next succeeduig the three months mentioned above, (b) Within two years of the coming into force of the present Treaty, the Reparation Commission will notify to the German Government the amount of tonnage to be laid down in each of the three years following the two years mentioned above, (o) The amount of toimage to be laid down in each year shall not exceed 200,000 tons, gross tonnage, (d) The specifications of the ships to be built, the conditions under which they are to be built and delivered, the price per ton at which they are to be ac- counted for by the Reparation Commission, and all other questions relating to the accounting, ordering, building and delivery of the ships shall be determined by the CJommission. Germany undertakes to restore in kind and in normal condition of upkeep to the Allied and Associated Powers, within two months of the coming into force of the present Treaty, m accordance with procedure to be laid down by the Reparation Commission, any boats and other movable appliances belonging to inland navigation which since Aueust 1. 1914, have by any means whatever come into her possession or into the possession of her nationals and which can be identified.* With a view to make good the loss in inland navigation tonnage, from whatever cause arising, which has been incurred during the war by the Allied and Associated Powers, and which cannot be made good by means of the restitution prescribed above, Germany agrees to cede to the Reparation Com- mission a portion of the German river fleet up to the amount of the loss mentioned above, provided that such cession shall not exceed 20 percent of the river fleet as it existed on November 11, 1918. The conditions of this cession shall be settled by the arbitrators referred to in Article 339 of Part XII (Ports, Waterways and Railways) of the present Treaty, who are charged with the settlement of difficulties relating to the ap- portionment of river tonnage resulting from the new international regime applicable to certain river sj-stema or from the territorial changes affecting these systems. "7. Germany agrees to take any measures that may be indicated to her by the Reparation Commission for obtaining the full title to the property in all ships which have during the war been transferred, or are in process of transfer, to neutral flajps, without the consent of the Allied and Associated Governments. "8. (Germany waives all claims of any description against the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals in resp>ect of the detention, employment, loss or damage of any Germany ships or boats, ex- ception being made of payments due in respect of the employment of ships in conformity with the Armistice Agreement o7 January 13, 1919, and subsequent Agreements. The handing over of the ships of the German mercantile marine must be continued without interruption in accordance with the said Agreement. ••Q. Germany waives all claims to vessels or cargoes sunk by or in consequence of naval action and subsequently salved, in which any of the Allied or Associated Governments or their nationals may have any interest eithu* as owners, charterers, insurers or otherwise, notwithstanding any decree of condemnation which may have been made by a Prise Ourt of Germany or of her allies." RECONSTRUCTION MATERIALS (Part VIII, Sec. 1, Annex IV, Paragraphs 2 to 5, Inc.) "The Allied and Associated Governments may file with the Reparation Commission lists showing (a) Animals, machinery, equipment, tools and like articles of a commerical character, which have been seised, consumed or destroyed by Germany or destroyed in direct consequence of military operation, and which I 706 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 707 such Governments, for tbe P-PO- of m^ang in>m^^^ rr^fjl^acriix^^^^ - ""^^ -^^ delivered to them to permit of the [^^^^''i^^^^f ° 2^ \^V?L aSv^^^^^^ be filed within sixty days after the date '•The lists relating to the amcles mentioned in 2 U)abov^^ J>« . ^ (b) above shall be filed rr.^lntt'y^Sr.'nV^KoTl^lUSfK'^^^^^^^ "e 'fixed « h«.in....r pro- vided by the Conamission. . . . Commission, the Commission shall consider the "Immediately upon the fi}**^? o^^^^^'t^^^fi^'Ten^^^ for above which are to be amount and number of the °^»i«"»^„»^ii*SS^^ Zb matter the Commission shall take into account mich required of Germany. In reachmg » decision on t^s matter tn^ Germany's social and econ- domestic requirements of Germany M It deems^^nU^ ^^^ Associated countries omic life, the prices and dates »* J^^/«!^ ""^^^^n iJlicti^ a^^ interest of the AUied and Associated as compared with those, to be fi»ed/or German articles and ^^J^K^ne a adversely the ability of Governments that the industnal life of Germany be no^^^^^^ equipment, tools and like Germany to perform the other acta of .^^F^t i^ ?^ P^^f Jj^ '°^^ however, to be cfemanded of Germany articles of a commercial ^^^^^;'^^l'\'^^^} Jesp^Tveinhich 2^ not in use and is available, and then not unless there is. no free stock ^f such articles respertive^^^^ establishment or undertaking. in excess of thirty per cent of the ^J^^J^^^y «J, /X Germtn G^ernn^ent an opportunity and a time to be The Commission shall Pve reprwentativM of the German uo^^ heard as to their caoacity to furnish the said ™»^«"^ «i roor^unicl?3^ tothe^ Government and to rfiall thereupon an5 at the earliest possible ^^^^ment be com^unica^^^^ undertakes to deliver the several interested Alhwi and Associated Governments l neuerman interested Allied and the materials, articles and a^;™'*!^ !f .^^^f,^ JJ^ .^^'J^^^ Associated Governments severally agree to a^^^^^P^X . r> hi t.HliVed in the work of reparation. or are not. in the.judgment of the Commi^ion unfit *« ^ ^^^^^'S^" ^Jj/'^^^^ articles and animals to -The Commission shall determine the ^»^"« V^ ^e Sj^J^'J^Jl^ receiving the same agrees be delivered in accordance with the foregoing, and Jj^e Allied or Assooa |d ^^« ^^^^ g Germany to be to be charged with such value, and the amount there^^ divided in accordance withArticle 237 of this Part o^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ amount to be bears to the whole of the damage thus claimed for. SUBMARINE CABLES (Part VIII, Sec. 1, Annex VII). "Germany renounces on her own behalf and on>ehalf of her nationals injavojr of th^e Principal A^^^^^ bourg to Brest: Emd|n-T«neriffe: from oH uunK^^^^^^^ Azores-New York (1): from Fayal Dover to Fayal; Emden-Azores (2): from the Straits TenerifTe-Monroyia: from off to New York; A«ores-New York (2). from^ayai to tne iour i ^ ^^ Greenwich: to about Teneriffe to off Monrovia; Monrovia-Lome y^^m at^^ut lat^^u^i>^. ■ B Lome-Duala lat. 20 20' N.; long. 5° 30' W. of Greenwich and fr^ about la^d 4» ^jj'^^^ ^uc^: Const antinople^^n- from Lome to Duala; .Monroyia-Pernambuco from off Monrovm^ r Yap-Menado (Celebes): from stanra: from Constantinople ^ <^?f »°*^' Xf.^^^.CT Menado. The value of Yap Island to Shanghai from Yap .Island to Guam Island, and ^^o"^ ?»P , „^ calculated on the basis ^nh-^SrcS;^*!^^^^^^^^ yepTelStfon^'siral! ^.''credited^ to Germany in the Reparation account." COHSTITUTION AND F^CTIONS^OF^^^S*"''''^ COMMISSION AND The economic and fi-dal P.naUie, ^^^^^^J^ZS^^r'rZ'IZ^^.^'turi'l^^o^^ll .hU provisions of a commission known as the reparation ^"""" .,. follows- Commission are defined in the Treatv (Pjrt VIII Sec. 1 ^n^ex H^m foUows ^^^^^ ^^^^^ " Delegates to this Commission shall be nominate by tneu^^^^ . • ^ Delegate Italy. Japan. Belgium and ^be Serb^roat-Slovene Sj^te. Each of h«« powers jn ^^ ^ut at other and also one Assistant De egate. who "^'^^^.^^f ^^^^ff^.i^ ^^ any part therein. On no occasion times will only have the right to be P'e««nt«J proceeding ^^^^ proceedings of the shall the Delegates of more than five of the above Powerehave^heng^ ^^ ^^^^^ Commission and to record ^^e*^. ^[f^^^T, J^E*^*f of r^ right on all occasions other, than shall have th« right on all occa^irms. The Deleg^^^^^^ occasions when questions re ating to those referred to below. The Delejrate oj ,^*Pf ° .* ,* 'kftO of Part IX (Financial Claiises) in which Japanese damage at sea, and questions arising H^^er Article 260 of Part ^/^^ J 'g^t^^oat-Slovene State shall have interests are concerned, are under consideration. The ^g^f*^?^ ^Jj SJdeToSnsideration. Each Govern- the ijght when quest^^V^'^^'^^inn «ha Ihav^thfrSht to w^^^^ months' notice ment represented on.th.e CommiMion sha 1 haN e th^^^^^ SXmonth after the Sate of the original notice, filed mth the ComtniMion and ^^^J^^^^^ ^d powera as may S interested shall have the right to appoint a DelegftTtVb^ p'^esl^'ln^d^acl^^^^^ -P'^^-e claims and interests are under examination °' ^'"irJ.'s'i' oMh"'dS.'rirgn^tionTr*.recall of any Delegate, Assistant Delegate or Assessor, a succe-or to him shall be nominated as soon as possible. The Commission will have its principal permanent Bureau in Paris and will hold its first meeting in Paris as soon as practicable after the commg into force of the present Treaty and thereafter will meet in such place or places and at such time as it may deem convenient and as may be necessary for the most expeditious discharge "At its first meeting the Commission shall elect, from among the Delegates referred to above, a chairman L ^u •*' u"^*"*"' y^ho shall hold office for one year and shall be eligible for re-election. If a vacancy in the Chairmanship or \'ice-Chairmanship should occur during the annual period, the Commission shall oroceed to a new election for the remainder of the said period. • j'***® Commission is authorised to appoint all necessary officers, agents and employes who may be re- quired for the execution of its functions and fix their remuneration; to constitute committees, whose members ne«l not necessanlv be members of the Commission, and to take all executive steps necessary for the purnose of discharging its duties; and to delegate authority and discretion to officers, agents and committees , ., A'^ proceedings of the Commission shall be private, unless, on particular occasions, the Commission shall otherwise deternune for special reasons. •ill^^**^™™^"*°° ^^^ be required, if the German Government so desire, to hear, within a period which it will fix from time to time, evidence and arguments on the part of Germany on any question connected with her capacity to pay. "The Commission shall consider the claims and give to the German Government a just opportunity to be heard but not to take any part whatever in the decision of the Commission. The Commission shall afford a similar opportunity to the allies of Germany when it shall consider that their interests are in question "The Commission shall not be bound by any particular code or rules of law or by any particular rule of evidence or of procedure, but shall be guided by justice, equity and good faith. Its decisions must follow the same principles and rules in all oases where they are applicable. It will establish rules relating to methods of proof of claims. It may act on any trustworthy modes of computation. "The Commission shall have all the powers conferred upon it, and shall exercise all the functions assigned to it. by the present Treaty. The Commission shall in general have a wide latitude as to its control and hand- ling of the whole reparation problem as dealt with in this Part of the present Treaty and shall have authority to interpret its provisions. Subject to the provisions of the present Treaty, the Commission is constituted by the several Allied and Associated Governments referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3 above as the exclusive agency of the said Governments respectively for receiving, selling, holding and distributing the reparation payments to be made by Germany under this Part of the present Treaty. The Commission must comolv with the following conditions and provisions: (a) Whatever part of the full amount of the proved claims is not paid in gold, or in ships, securities and commodities or otherwise. Germany shall be required, under such conditions as the Commission may determine to cover by way of guarantee by an equivalent issue of bonds, obligations or otherwise, in order to constitute an acknowledgement of the said part of the debt. (b) In periodically estimating Germany's capacity to pay, the Commission shall examine the German system of taxation, first, to the end that the sums for reparation which Germany is required to pay shall become a charge upon all her revenues prior to that for the service or discharge of any domestic loan, and secondly so as to satisfy itself that, in general, the German scheme of taxation is fully as heavy proportionately as that of any of the Powers represented on the Commission. (c) In order to facilitate and continue the immediate restoration of the economic life of the Allied and As- sociated countries, the Commission will as provided in Article 235 take from Germany by way of security for and acknowledgment of her debt a first instalment of gold bearer bonds free of all taxes and charges of every description established or to be established by the Government of the German Empire of the German States or by any authority subject to them; these bonds will be delivered on account and in three portions the marks gold being payable in conformity with Article 262 of Part XI (Financial Clauses) of the present Treaty as follows- (1) To be issued forthwith, 20,000,000.000 Marks gold bearer bonds, payable not later than May 1 1921* without interest. These shall be specially applied towards the amortization of these bonds the payment which Germany is pledged to make in conformity with Article 235, after deduction of the sums used for the reim- bursement of expenses of the armies of occupation and for payment of foodstuffs and raw materials Such bonds as have not been redeemed by May 1. 1921. shall then be exchanged for new bonds of the same type as those provided for below (paragraph 12. c. [2]). (2) To be issued forthwith, further 40.000,000,000 lllarks gold bearer bonds, bearing interest at 2^ per cent, per annum between 1921 and 1926, and thereafter at 5 per cent, per annum with an additional 1 per cent, for amortisation beginning in 1926 on the whole amotmt of the issue. (3) To be delivered forthwith, a covering undertaking in writing to issue when, but not until the Commission is satisfied that Germany can meet such interest and sinking fimd obligation, a further in- stalment of 40,000,000.000 Marks gold 5 per cent, bearer bonds, the time and mode of payment of principal and interest to be determined by the Commission. The dates for payment of interest, the manner of appK-inK the amortisation fund and all other questions relating to the issue, management and regulation of the bond issue shall be determined by the Commission from time to time. Further issues by way of acknowledgment and security may be required as the Commission subsequently determines from time to time. (dTln the event of bonds, obligations or other evidence of indebtedness issued by Germany by way of security for or acknowledgment of her reparation debt being disposed of outright, not by way of pledge, to persons other than the several Governments in whose favor Germany's original reparation indebtedness was created, an amount of such reparation indebtedness shall be deemed to be extinguished corresponding to the nominal value of the bonds, etc., so disposed of outright, and the obligation of Germany in respect of such bonds shall be confined to her liabilities to the holders of the bonds, as expressed upon their fatce. (e) The damage for repairing reconstructing and rebuilding property to the invaded and devastated districts, including reinstallation of furniture, machinery and other equipment, will be calculated according to the cost at the dates when work is done, (f) Decisions of the Commission relating to the total or partial cancellation of the capital or interest of any verified debt of Germany must be accompanied by a statement of its reasons. * As to voting, the Commission will observe the following rules: When a decision of the Commission is taken, the votes of all the Delegates entitled to vote, or in the absence of any of them, of their Assistant Dele- gat^, shall be recorded. Abstention from voting is to be treated as a vote against the proposal under dis- cussion. Assessors have no vote. On the following questions unanimity is necessary: (a) Questions involving the sovernity of any of the Allied and Associated Powers, or the cancellation of the whole or any part of the debt or obligations of Germany: (b) Questions of determining the amount and conditions of bonds or other obligations to be issued by the German Government and of fixing the time and manner for selling, negotiating or distributing such bonds; (c) Any postponement, total or partial, beyond the end of 1930, of the payments of instalments falling due between May 1. 1921. and the end of 1926 inclusive; (d) Any postponement, total or partial, of any instalment falling due after 1926 for a period exceeding three years; (e) Questions appljdng ^^^.mmi^ 1 "Til wmr i 708 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 709 in any particular case a method of meaaurin. damages differenUj^m thaW^^b^h^^p"^^^^^^^^ II J sTmUw case; (f) Questions of the interpretation of the Pr^vi«oM oi *^^ ^^ opinion among the other quMtionTihall & decided by the vote of a °^«^f "^^^ _if„^^, upon the^uention whether a given ewe D^legat^ which .cannot be solved ^y « ^^^JJ^Ve" ^^^^^^^^ sliu be referred to the imm^i- ia one which requires a unammous ^o*® ^o',^^?^®*i!i2S uoon by their Govemmenta, whose award the Allied ate arbitration of some impartial person to be agreed upon oy *uc« and Associated Governments agree to accept. conferred upon it. shaU forthwith become ••Dpoisions of the Comnussion, in acconlance wua iu« r" ^ «rnrA«Hinm bindintSmay be put into in^mediate execution witho^ gSlJS^n '^'^ as the Commission shall fix: "fhe Commission will issue to ef h of the mterested Pow^ra. m s ^^^ .^^^ mentioned above. (1) A certificate stating that it holds foi t^;^„^,*^?j.?ild*4^ng d°S^^^ in a number of parts not exceeding the said certificate, on the demand <>*/b^P°.^«%?^e 2^deliie?ed by Germany on account of her reparation five- (2) From time to time certificates stating the goods *^^H;^^ "^rtificates shall be registered, and upon dibi which it holds for the ac<^unt of the said ^^^^^J^^ men wi are issued for sale or negotiation, notice to the Commission, may be transferred Py ^^^^^^"^ -^ equivalent value must be withdrawn. SSd when gpods are delivered by the C^«J°^;^f,^'„"«X"^%2i.^i^^ her debt as determmed by the "Intent shall be debited to Germany aa from May i^i^^i^. ^ ^^.^ equivalent, or by bonds issued Commission, after allowing for sums a^/I^^J^^^J^f-^of in?e^ be 5 percent unless the Commission shaU to the Commission, or under Article 243. The '»^? *^.r'®'^?r ? {-on of thjg rate. The Commission, in fixing deter^ne at some future time that "J^'J^J^f.^Jfc^rm^^^^ of interest due on sums ansmg SSt^if'^rhi'^rk^feVorJirriaT^i^ ^ ^^''^'^ancMJ^Jf default by Germany in the perfoi^^^ Powers and may make the Commission wUl forthwith give notice of such f «^^"^^^^^^"^c^e ^f ^uch default as it may think necessary^ .uchrecom^^daUons^^^^^^^^^^^^ enfelSETS a-Sd^ rt:t.^r/fn%=l ^sS^ch^hTm^fsuras the Respective Governments may determine to be necessary in the circumstances. ^„„- -i-_* q- account of the proved claims of the Allied **^**^Sjiients required to be made.m gold o^^^J^^^gV X ComSSS^n in the fbrm of chattels, properties, and A^Sted Powers may at any tu^e Ij »«^£*„^or wUhoiirG^an territory, ships, bonds, shar^ or St^^^o?;nrSV"fu'-nS^^^^^^^^ ^^« value of «ich substitute, for gold bein S at a faired just amount by the Commission itself. orooerties or rights, shall have due regard action or omiasion as such member, wo one oune /» . . • • biWy in respect o( any °*?^ „9°7,'jnj'ient Treaty this Annex may be amended by the unammous decision „, th^'^S^'ent Crrdlrlm tirto ^X,V.''S,frS° he p«sent Treaty or the dec,«on. of e Co^mTs.«:rS>^oLS S^^ °'^^" "'^''"'"' '^'' "" ^ the Powers interested, the Commission shall be dissolved. COUNTRIES TO WHICH PARCEL POST SERVICE EXTENDS Norway (b) Nyasaland (b) Palestine Panama Paraguay (b) Persia Peru (b) Pitcairn Island Poland Portugal (b) Portuguese India (b) Portuguese Timor (b) Portuguese West Africa Rumania (b) Russia in Europe (b) St. Helena Salvador Samoa Uganda (a) Indo-China Santa Crua Island (b) Sarawak (a) Senegal (b) Seychelles Siam (b) Sierra Leone Society Islands South Africa, Union of Spain (b) Straits Settlements Sweden (b) Syria (b) Tibet (b) Togoland (Brit.) (b) Togoland (French) Trinidad (a) Tunis (b) Turkey Turks Island (a) Upper Senegal and Niger Uruguay Venesuela Windward Islands (b) Zanaibar and Pemba Note, (a) According to'new parcel post agreements with the French government shipments to this country are sent by way of France, (b) According to new parcel post agreements with the English government shipmenta to this country are sent by way of England. (b) Abyssinia Aden (b) Afghanistan (a) Algeria Argentina (b) Ascension Australia Austria Bahamas Barbados (b) Bechuanaland Belgium Belgian Congo Bermuda Bolivia (b) Borneo Brasil Cb) British Central Africa (b) British East Africa and British Guiana British Honduras British India Cb) British North Borneo (b) British Somaliland (b) Brunei (b) Cameroons (b) Cape Verde Islands (b) Ceylon Chile China Colombia (a) Corsica 1 Costa Rica (b) Cyprus Csecho-Slovakia (a) Dahomey and Niger Denmark Dominican Republic Dutch East Indies Dutch Guiana Dutch West Indies Ecuador (b) Egypt (b) Falkland Islands France (a) French Congo French Guiana (a) French Oceania (a) French Somaliland French West Indies (b) Gambia Germany Gilbraltar (b) Gold Coast Colony Great Britain Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Iceland (a) Indo-China Italy (a) Ivory Coast Jamaica Japan (b) Labuan Leew ard Islands Liberia Luxemberg (b) Maceo (a) Madagascar (b) Malay States (b) Malta (a) Mauretania (b) Mauritius (b) Mesopotamia Mexico (b) Monaco (b) Morocco Netherlands (b) New Hebrides New Zealand Newfoundland Nicaragua (b) Nigeria I tm^m 710 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDEX Aslborg, Denmark AalwBund, Norway Aarhuus, Denmark.. • -• • -4 " J- Abaco Island. British West Indies Abancay. Peru. .•••:••• Aberdeen (co), Scotland Aberdeen (city), Scotland ..■■.•• Abeshr, French Equatorial Africa Abijean, Ivory Coast Abo, Finland AboiBso, Ivory Coast ••••••, Abruisi e Molise (dept.), Italy Abyssinia: Agriculture. Area and Population Bees Beeswax Cable Rates . . .^ Cities, Population Climate Coffee Commerce Consular Regulations Cotton Customs Tariff Exports Forest Resources Ghee Hides and Skins Imports Ivory Language Livestock Mail Time Manufactures Minerals Money Orders . • Money, Weights and Measures Parcel Poet Ports Postal Rates. Production and Industry Railways Shipping Routes Telegraphs Telephones Trade Routes Transportation Acamania (dept.), Greece • Accra, Gold Coast Colony Achaia (dept.), Greece. Aconcagua (prov.), Chile Acre Territory, Braiil Adelaide, Australia Aden, Arabia • Aden, Protectorate of. .,. . . • Aden (prov.), India, British Adis-Abeba, Abyssinia • . • • • •.• • • • • • Admiralty Islands (Bismarck Archipelago) New Guinea Adrianople, Turkey Advertising Media: Algeria Argentina ' Australia Bel^um Bohyia Brazil Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Denmark Dutch East Indies Ecuador Egypt .• France Guatemala Page 248 Advertiaing Media (cont.): 328 India ■ 248 Italy 59 Jamaica 193 Japan 402 Mexico 402 Netherlands 575 New Zealand 572 Norway 257 Panama 572 Paraguay 306 Peru • Philippine Islands 519 Porto Rico ', 515 PortugaJ 519 Siam 519 Spain 520 Straits Settlements 515 Sweden 614 Switserland ; 619 Tunis........-- •; 616-519 Union of South Afnca 520 United Kingdom ] 619 Uruguay 520 Venezuela 617-519 Aegean Islands, Greece 619 Aetolia (dept.), Greece 619 . Afgh4niBtdn: 619 Agriculture 515-519 Area and Population 519 Cable Rates 520 Cities. Population 519 Consular Regulations '. 520 Currency 519 Exports 619 Imports 520 Mail Time 520 Manufactures \ [ 620 Money Orders 616 Parcel Post 620 Postal Rates 519 Shipping Routes 519 Telephones 520 Tran.sportation 519 Agra (city), India, Bntish 519 Agra (prov), India. British.... 616 Aguascalientes (state), Mexico, 619 Aguascalientes (city), Mexico. 291 Ahmed&bAd, India British. . . 566 AhuachapAn (dept.), Salvador, 291 Ahuachap&n (city), Salvador. 143 Aigun, China 128 Ain (dept), France 602 Aisne (dept.) , France 423 Ajmer, India, British. . . . . .... 396 Aimer-Merwara (prov.), India 468 Akershus (dist.), Norway 616 Akhtyrka, Russia Akita, Japan 638 Akkerman. Russia. ••.•.• 396 Akmolin.sk (prov.), Ruwia. . . . Alafi Island, New Caledonia. . . 679 Alagoas (state). Brawl. 119 Alajuela (city), Costa Rjca 616 Alajuela (prov.), Costa Rica. . . 234 Alava (prov.), Spain. 126 Albacete (prov.), Spain 140 Albania: 151 Area and Population .... 443 Cities, Population 159 Commerce 30 Customs Tariff 67 Mineral Resources 253 Production and Industry. 635 Railways 167 Roads 564 Algeria: . . 273 Advertising Media 36 Agriculture British • > • • • • Page 466 312 87 491 21 326 625 330 52 190 200 663 100 343 608 382 613 388 394 689 646 422 206 216 291 291 423 423 424 423 424 .423-424 423 423 424 423 424 424 424 424 424 424 459 458 14 14 459 53 53 429 263 263 459 468 327 356 471 356 366 637 128 26 26 370 370 217 217 217 217 217 217 217 217 INDEX 711 579 579 Page Algeria (cont.): Area and Population 678 Automobiles e91 Cable Rates 679 Cities, Population 578 Commerce ^ 678 Consular Regulations 679 Consular Representatives 679 Cotton 679 Customs Tariff 679 Exports 678 Fisheries 579 Forest Resources 679 Imports 678 Livestock 679 Mail Time 679 Minerals 677 Money Orders 679 Money, Weights and Measures 679 Parcel Post 679 Post Offices 679 Postal Rates. 679 Production and Industry 679 R*>lways 677-579 ]^.»a8 679 Shipping 578 Shipping Routes 679 Te egraphs 579 Telephones 579 ... ^»°«: • 579 Albay, Philippine Islands 645 Alberta (prov.), Dominion of Canada 1-4 Alcaiar. Morocco 592 Alcohol: Austria 225 Cuba 66 France 270 Germany 285 Peru 197 Riusia 363 Alooy, Spain 369 Alderney, United Kingdom . ..[.[..['...['... 402 Alemtejo (prov.), Portugal 338 Aleppo, Turkey 396 Alexandria. E^mt 661 Alexandropol. Russia 355 Alexandrovsk. Russia 355 AleMndrovsk-Grunshevsk, Russia 355 Alfalfa: Cl"le-.; w 148 Hawau 642 Algarve (prov.), Portugal I W. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. '.['.'. 338 Alpers, Algeria 578 A icante (prov), Spain 370 Ahcante (city). Spain 369 Ahgarh. India. British 459 Alkmaar, Netheriands 322 AUahbad. India. British 459 Allessandria (prov.), Italy 305 Allessandria (city), Italy 307 Allier (dept.), France 263 Almena (prov), Spain 370 Almeria (city), Spain 369 Alost, Belgium 230 Alpes-Maritimes (dept.). France 263 Alsace-Lorraine (dept.), France 263 Alta Verapai (dept.), Guatemala 31 Altona, Germany 278 Aluni, India, British 465 Alunite, Australia 608 Alvsborg (govt.), Sweden 385 Amapala. Honduras 38 Amatit an (city), Guatemala 31 Amatitlan (dept.), Guatemala 31 Amasonas (state), BraxU 128 Amasonas (dept.), Peru 192 Amasonas (ter). Venesuela 209 Ambala, India, British 459 Ambato, Ecuador I6I Ambeno, Malay Archipelago 635 Amboina (dist.), Dutch East Indies 628 Ambositra, Madagascar 580 Page Ambris, Angola 597 Amersfoort , Netherlandig !!!!!! 322 Amiens, France «v»q Amoy, China i! g§ Amrftsar, India. British.. :: IS Amsterdam, Netherlands....;::;: 3^ Amur-Niihnednieprovsk, Russia ^w Ancachs (dept.), feru. . . . ftE Anoona (prov.) Italy 306 Anoona (citv), Italy 307 Ancud. Chife . . 143 Andaman Islands: Area and Population 434 Livestock ^o>A Penal Colony 404 Products 424 Andorra: Area and Population 217 ^"ency 217 Government 217 Language 217 Andros Island, British West Indies. ...;;;:; 59 Anglesey (co.), Wales 401 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: Agriculture. 5^5 Area and Population 555 Cities, Population 555 Commerce 5^6 g^o? 566 gSS^-; ^ ; • V ■ 566 Gum Arabic 555 {"ports 565 Pos76ffic« .■;;::;::;;;; ^ Production and Industry ;;;;:;; 566 ^^}^^-^ys. 566 A« rfe*P*^ 566 Angol, Chile 140 Angola: ^*^ Cable Rates 597 Cities - e«t"?*8 597 f^P^!5« 597 i°»P?^? 597 Mail Time cqt Minerals eryr Money Orders =07 Parce Post 597 Petroleum 597 Population .07 l^.f^<^tS 597 Hallways eQ7 Shipping Routes KQ7 lelegraphs 597 Anguilla Island, West Indies . . . : 88-Sq Anhwei (prov.), China ^9 Ani-Galakka. French Equatorial Africa . . : : : 575 Anjouan Island. Comoro Islands 584 Annam, French Indo China : : 451 Annobon Island, Spanish Africa. 596 Antananariva, Madagascar ::::::: 580 Antigua, Guatemala 31 Antigua Island, West Indi^: : : : 88-89 Antimony: AustnilU 608 ^'.»^a 125 ^°"a 442 ^^f^^ce 270 Hunganr. . . 302 India, Bntish 455 iiaiy 310 ifP»°_ ; •• • 480 New Zealand 623 A ♦• "^ ;j ■<-^\-\ 196-198 Antioquia (dept.), Colombia 153 Antipodes Island, Kermadec Islands 628 Antivarie. Jugo-Slavia 315 f » 712 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDEX 713 ,ii Page ■tAO Antofagasta (proy.). Chile j^g Antofagasta (city) . Clule ^^^ Antrim (Co.), Ireland ggg Antsirabe, Madagascar ^29 Antung, China. . •••••.••• 230 Antwerp (proy.), Belgium 230 Antwerp (city), Belgium . . . .^ jog An»oatequi (state). Veneauela ^^^ Aomori, Japan. . •■■••• 322 Apeldoom, Netherlands gjg Apia, Samoan Islands ^qq Apulia (dept.), Italy. 209 Apure (state). Venmiela jq2 Apurimac (dept.). Peru. . . • . • • • • ■ ^qq Aquila delgi AbruMi (prov.). Italy |^ Arabia • • 128 Aracaju, Brazil 299 Arad, Hungary .. •••••.•,•; ; ^• ; 575 Aradk, French Equatorial Africa ^ Aragua (state). Vene.uela. j^g Arauca (comm.), Colombia 291 Arcadia (dept.), Greece. 3^^ Archangel (prov.) . Russia jg ^ Archidona, Ecuador 263 Ardfeche (dept.), France 263 Ardennes (dept.). France jg2 Arequipa (dept.). Peru jgg Arequipa (city), Peru gQg Arezzo (prov.), Italy 3^7 Aresao (city), Italy 107-120 Argentina. •.•.•••-,%. 119 Advertising Media 115-116 Agriculture. .••••• iQg Area and Population ggj Automobiles j20 Cable Rates . . ._ io9 Cities, Population , ^^ Clearing House Returns ^^ Climate 109-113 Commerce • • • ••••••. iia-ll4 Commercial EstabUshments 120 Consular Regulations. ,.« Consular Representatives ^ ^^ Copper. ;;••;; 120 Customs 1 anil jjg Dairy Industry 109-113 Exports. • • ;ii6-117 Forest Resources jjy Gold 116 Grain ' .109-111 lXSkiE;iiibii.toe.;t;: : : : : : : :::..■ i"-ii| Linseed 114 Livestock 115 Maiie. ! '. .117 ,118 Manufactures jjg^ n^ Meat Industry ^17 Minerals 120 SJrj.S^rh..» aoi Barley 608 Bismuth gj5 Cable Rates gQ2 Cities, PopulaUon g^Q Climate Page Australia (cent.): Coal 608 Coke 608 Commerce 602-603 Consular Regulations 615 Copper 608 Crops 603-605 Customs Tariff 616 Diamonds 608 Exports 602-603 Fisheries 609 Flax 605 Forest Resources 609 Fruit 604, 605 Gold 608, 609 Gypsum 608 Hay 604 Imports 602 Inoustrial Establishments 610-613 Iron 608 Kaolin 608 Language 615 Lead 608 Limestone 608 Livestock 605-607 Lumber 609 Mail Time 615 Maise 603, 604 Manganese 608 Manufactures 609-613 Minerals 608-609 Mining Industry 608-609 Molybdenite 608 Money Orders 615 Money, Weights and Measures 615 Oats 603, 604 Parcel Post 615 Platinum 608 Post Offices 615 Postal Rates 615 Potatoes 604, 605 Precious Stones 608 Production and Industry 603-613 Railways 601, 614 Rice 603, 604 Rye 603, 604 Salt 608 Scheelite 608 Shale 608 Shipping Routes 615 Silver 608 Sugar 604, 605 Sugar Beets 604,605 Tin 608 Tobacco » 605 Uranium 608 Vegetables 604, 605 Vinegar 604 Wheat 603, 604 Wireless Stations 615 Wolfram 608 Zinc 608 Austria: Agriculture 222-223 Alcohol 225 Area and Population 219 Asphalt. 224 Automobiles 691 Barley. 223 Boundaries * 218 Cable Rates 226 Cities, Population 219 Coal 224 Commerce 220-222 Copper 223, 224 v^rops ••••.••••«•«•••••...• ^^bO Customs Tariff 226 i-jxports •..••.•••••••■•.••■• A^Sj jiJiJi Fisneries 224 Forest Resources 223 Graphite 223, 224 Honey 223 Page Austria (cont.): Imports 220-222 Industrial Establishments 224-225 Industrial Losses 218 Industries 225 Iron 224 Language 225 Lead 223, 224 Lignite 224 Livestock 223 Lumber 223 Mail Time 226 Maize 223 Manufactures 224-225 Minerals 223. 224 Mining Industry 224 Money Orders 226 Money, Weights and Measures 225 Oats 223 Parcel Post 226 Post Offices 225 Postal Rates 226 Potatoes 223 Production and Industry 222-225 Railways 225 Rivers 225 Roads 225 Rye 223 Salt 224 Shipping Routes 226 Sugar 225 Sugar Beets 223 Sulphur 224 Telegraphs 225 Telephones 225 Territorial Losses 218 Tobacco 225 Wheat 223 Zinc 223, 224 Automobiles, World's Census 691 Aveiro (dist.), Portugal 338 Avellaneda, Argentina 109 Avellino (prov.), Italy 306 Aveyron (dept.), France 263 Avila (prov.), Spain 370 Ayacucho (dept.), Peru 192 Ayacucho (city), Peru 193 Ayr (CO.), Scotland 402 Azerbaijan Tartars, Republic of 368 Azoques. Ecuador 161 Azores: Area and Population 226 Cable Rates 228 Commerce 226-227 Consular Regulations 228 Consular Representatives 228 Customs TarifiF 228 Exports 227 Imports 227 Mail Time 228 Money Orders 228 Parcel Post 228 Postal Rates 228 Shipping 228 Shipping Routes 228 Azov, Russia 355 Azua (prov.), Dominican Republic 73 Azuay (prov.), Ecuador 161 B Babahayo, Ecuador Bacau (dept.), Rumania. Badajoz (city), Spain. . . . Badajoz (prov.), Spain. . Bagamoyo, East Africa. . Bagdad, Turkey Bahama Islands Agriculture Area and Population . Cable Rates Climate Commerce 161 346 369 370 549 396 59-60 59 59 59 59 59 I t. 1 i' 714 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDEX 715 lli Page Bahama Islands (cont.) : Consular Representatives o" Customs Tariff ^ Exports _Q Imports ^Q Money Orders ^ Monev, Weights and Measures ^ Parcel Post ^ Postal Rates ^ Production and Industry "^ Shipping Routes ^ Bisal , KQ Sponge Fisheries ~^ Telephones "^ Bahrein islands: .„. Area and Population ^- . ^%* Commerce i^f^ Exports I5II42? Imports ~loK Money, Weights and Measures **^ Production and Industry **» Bahia (state). Brazil • \^ Bahia (Sao Salvador) (city), Branl ^f° Bahia Blanca, Argentina i"f Baia Verapaz (dept.). Guatemala "»i BiUtel. Senegal. . . . ., . . . . . .... • • • • • ^ ^ix Baker Islands, British Pacific Islands o^ Baku (prov.), Russia ^^ Baku (city), Russia. ...■•. ^% Balakhany. Sabunchi, Russia ^^^ Balata, British Guiana *^° Baleares (prov.), Spain %^ Bali (dist.), Dutch East Indies ^ Ballarat, Australia ""^ Bal•••••••••••• vwO Tin 522 Transportation 522 Waterways 522 Belgium: Advertising Media 234 Agriculture 231 Area and Population 230 Automobiles 69 1 j3ariey ••■•••■••«•••.•••••••»••••.••• vox v^aDie xvates. «••••••••••••••••••••••• ^o^ Coal 232-233 Commerce 230-231 Consular Regulatiotis 234 Consular Representatives 233 v^opper ..••••••••••••..•*•.•■••••••• ^vv Customs Tariff 234 Dairy Industry 232 Exports ..••••••••••• £d\}~£A 1 vnm-r 211 Imports • £3\}~^S 1 Industrial Establishments 232-233 AFOU •••••••■••«•■•■■••■•••••••••■••• mt^mmt XiaAukUA^v • •■•••••■•••••••••••••••••• mOv AjCSO « •••••••••••••••••••••••••«■••• Avv XjlvCOvOCJL • •*•••••••■■••••••«•■■••••• mOX MaUTime 234 Manufactures 232-233 Mietal Industries 233 Minerals 232-233 Mining Industry 232-233 Money Orders 234 Money, Weights and Measures 233 Page Belgium (cont.): Oats 231 Parcel Post 234 Postal Rates 234 Potatoes 231 Production and Industry 231-233 xv y c ■•>■■•••••••••••••••■•■••• mo X Shipping Routes 234 ouver. ■•■.■.■•■■••■■■■■.•••■••••*••• ^^v Steel 232 Sugar Beets 231 Textile Industry 233 Tobacco 231 V' UCCa w ••■•■•■■■•■••••••••■■■••■■•■ '^-» mO X ulUC ••■•••••••■■••••••••••■••••••••• mOA Belgrade, Jugo-Slavia 315 Belise, British Honduras 24 Bello Horisonte, Brasil 128 Belluno (prov.), Italy 305 Bell-Ville, Argentina 109 Benares, India, British 459 Bender Abbas, Persia 498 Bendery, Russia 355 Bendigo, Australia 602 Benevento (prov.), Italy. ._ 306 Bengal (state), India, British 458 Bengal (prov.), India, British 458 Benghasi, Tripoli 590 Benguella, Angola 597 Benha, Eg>npt 561 Beni Suef , Egjrpt 561 Benkulen (dist.), Dutch East Indies 628 Benthen, Germany 278 Beotia, (dept.), Greece. . ._ 291 Bequia. British West Indies 104 Berar (prov.), India, British 458 Berbera, Somaliland Protectorate 551 Berdichev, Russia 355 Berdyansk, Russia 355 Bergamo (prov.), Italy 305 Bergamo (city), Italy 307 Bergen, Norway 328 Berks (co.) . England 401 Berlad, Rumania 347 Berlin, Germany 278 Berlin Lichtenberg, Germany 278 Berlin Rummelsburg, Germany 278 Berlin Schoneberg, Germany 278 Beriin Stegliti, Germany 278 Berlin Wilmersdorf, Germany 278 Bermuda 22-23 Agriculture 22 Area and Population 22 Commerce 22—23 Imports 22 Money, Weights and Measures 22 Potatoes 23 Bern (Canton), Switserland 391 Berwick (co.), Scotland 402 Bessarabia (prov.) , Russia 345, 354 Beyla (ter.), French Guinea 570 Bhagalpur, India, British 459 Bhavnagar, India, British 459 Bielefeld, Germany . . . • .• ; 278 Bihar (state), India, British 458 Bihar (prov.), India, British 458 Biiagos Archipelago, Portuguese Guinea. . . . 598 Bilboa, Spain 369 Billiton Island, Dutch East Indies 628 Binder, French Equatorial Africa 575 Bingerville, Ivory Coast 571 Bio-Bio (provO . Chile 143 Birmingham, England 402 Bismarck, East Africa ; 549 Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea 637 Bbmuth, Australia 606 Bolivia. 125 India, British 465 Bissau, Portuguese Guinea 598 Bitlis, Turkey 396 716 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDEX 111 ill til Page Bitumen, Greece ^96 Bi«erte, Tunis. ^ Biorneborg, Finland ^ Black River, Jamaica. ~ Black Sea (prov.), Russia ^ Blagovyeschensk, Russia ^ Blekinge (govt.). Sweden ^ Bloemfontein, Umon of South Afncs o^ Bluefields (dept.), Nicaragua *i Bluefields (city), Nicaragua *J Boaca, Nicaragua *^ Bobruisk, Russia ^.%^ Bocas del Toro (prov.), Panama *» Bocas del Toro (city), Panama *» Bockum, Germany •1° Bocono, Venetuela t"x Bogota, Colombia -. „,_ *^ Bolemia (prov.), Ciecho-Slovakia 219,240 Bohol Island, Philippine Islands o*o Bolama Island, Portuguese Guinea ov» Bolivar (dept.). Colombia J^ Bolivar (prov.), Ecuador ^ BoUvar (state), Veneiuela fw Bolivia ^^~\Sk Advertising Media jg Agriculture ff]l Antimonv • **g Area and Population *** Automobiles ^ok Bismuth \^ Cable Rates Jg Cities, Population J*| Commerce 123—124 Consular Regulations *^^io? Copper J~ Customs Tariff }g fXSs :::::: 123-124 Manufactures , _ . J*^ Minerals ^^^5?« Money Orders ., J26 Money, Weights and Measures l^ Parcel Post J^J Petroleum \^ Postal Rates ,_ . {*^ Production and Industry 100 Railways J^^ Rubber \%t Sah }g Shipping Routes J*^ Tin }*J Tungsten \^ Zinc J25 Bologna (prov.), Italy ^ Bologna (city). Italy ^ Boma, Belgian Congo o*^ Bombay (state), India, British 4M Bombay (pres.), India, British «» Bombay (city), India, British 469 Bonagai (Papua), New Guinea «»/ Bonaire. Curasao Yn Bonavista, Newfoundland *" Bonduku, Ivory Coast ^^ Bone, Algeria «^ Bonn, Germany ^'g Bonny, Nigeria •■.'•iV \" ?ou Bora-Bora-Maupiti Island, Leeward Islands. 630 Boras, Sweden ^47 Borax, Chile |*' Peru *^2 Borbeck, Germany *^ Bordeaux, France -^ Boric acid, Italy '*!" Borneo, British North: Area and PopulaUon Jg Commerce JS Exports Jf? Imports tS Lumber *^ Page Borneo, British North (cont,): Money, Weights and Measures 4^ Production and Industry 426 Railways *2S Rubber **» Territories *^ Tobacco *^ Borneo Island, Dutch East Indies A;;,,, f?? Bosnia-Herzegovina 3**1 31o» 2*^ Botosani (dept.), Rumania J*© Botosani (city), Rumania «*{ Bouake. Ivory Coast . • • • • • • ^ Bouches-du-RhAne (dept.), France 268 Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands oo» Bounty Island, Kermadec Islands ^ Bourgas (dist.). Bulgaria faj Boyaca (dept), Colombia ^ Brabant (prov), Belgium ^ Bradford, England W» Braga (dist.), Portugal. «» Braganya (dist.) Portugal ^ Braila (dept.), Rumania ^ Braila (city). Rumania «*• Bralistik. Poland *g Brandenburg. Germany ^'* Brandon, Canada J Brantford, Canada * Brasil: .^<« Advertising Media **" Area and Population **» Automobiles °^ Beans JgS Brasil Nuts }«* Cable Rates iqo ijl Cacao ^^^'JS Camauba Wax J^ Cattle ;?2 Cities, Population \^ Climate im JS Coffee 1*2, lo4 Commerce ^^"J?J Com JJJ Consular Regulations. • • J*" Consular Representatives 1 J». J40 Cotton "^ Customs Tariff ,„^ JJJ Exports ^^^}« Gold }35 Herva Matt* \%% Hides and Skins ,oo_JS Imports **o— 1«>* Industrial Establishments l^'^'J^? Iron...., ;|J Livestock . .^ ,00 }qS Manganese Ore *"^"*' *^° Manioc Flour \^ Manufacturing Industries 1^ Meat Industry J3« Minerals 135 Monarite Sand \^ Money Orders "» Money, Weights and Measures lg« Parcel Post !«» Platinum Jg^ Post Offices 13» Postal Rates \^ Production and Industry Jqq Railways ,00 ,« Rice 133, Ido Rubber.'. '.'.'.'. ^^'J?S Shipping Routes ., i|J Shops and Foundries ,00 ioc Suear... 133.135 Telegraphs , 107 iqq Textile Industries i;^i' ioc Tobacco J5J' !?? Verba Mat6 • • • • .- 132. 135 Bra««aville, French Equatorial Africa 675 Brechou Island, United Kingdom 402 Brecon (co.), Wales *01 Breda, Netherlands ^;^* Bremen, Germany 278 Page Brescia (prov), Italy 305 Brescia (city), Italy 307 Breslau, Germany 278 Brest-Litovsk, Russia 355 Bridgetown, Barbados 60 Brier, Germany 278 Brisbane, Australia 602 Bristol, England 402 British Columbia (prov.). Dominion of Can. . 1,4 British East Africa, see East Africa (formerly German East African Protectorate). British East African Protectorate, Seychelles Sokotra, Somaliland Pro- tectorate, Uganda Protectorate, Zan- sibar Protectorate. British Guiana, see Guiana, British. British New Guinea, See Paupa. British North Borneo, see Borneo, British North. British Pacific Islands 616. 617, 627, 637, 638, 639 British Solomon Islands, see Solomon Islands (British). British West Africa, see Ascension Island, Ashanti, Gambia, Gold Coast, Kamerun, Nigeria, Southwest Africa, Protectorate of; St. Helena, Sierra Leone, Togo, Tristan da Cunha. British West Indies 22. 23, 59, 61, 83. 100, 103, 104, 105 Broken Hill, Australia 602 Bruges, Belgium 230 Brunei, Borneo 426 Bninn, C«echo-Slovakia 240 Brunswick, Germany 278 Brussa, Turkey 396 Brussels. Belgium 230 Bryansk. Russia 355 Bucaramanga. Colombia 153 Bucharest. Rumania 347 Buckwheat: France 269 Japan 478 Bucks (00.). England 401 Budapest, Hungary 299 Budweis, Csecho-Slovakia 240 Buea, Kamerun 657 Buenos Aires (prov.), Argentina 108 Buenos Aires (Federal District), Argentina. . 109 Buenos Aires (city), Argentina 109 Buenos Aires (city), Commercial Establish- ments 113-114 Buka Island, Solomon Islands 638 Bukoba, East Africa 649 Bukowina. Rumania 219 Bulgaria: Advertising Media 239 Agriculture 237-238 Area and Population 236 Attar of Roses 238 Automobiles 691 Bariey 238 Cable Rates 239 Cities, Population 236 Coal 238 Commerce 236-237 Consular Regulations. 239 Consular Representatives 239 Com 238 Crops 238 Customs Tariff 239 Exports 236-237 Fruit Crops 238 Imports 236-237 Industrial Establishments 238 Language 239 Livestock 238 Mail Time 239 Manufactures 238 Minerals 238 Money Orders 239 Page Bulgaria (oont.): Money, Weights and Measures 239 Oats 238 Parcel Post 239 Post Offices !.!.'. 238 Postal Rates 239 Production and Industry 237-238 Quarrying 238 Railways 238 Roses ' . 238 Hye. ... . - 238 Shippmg Routes 239 Telegraphs 238 Telephones 238 Tobacco 238 Wheat 238 Bulbar, Somaliland Protectorate 551 Burgos (prov.). Spain 370 Burgos (city), Spain 369 Burma (nrov.), India, British 458 Burutu, Nigeria 558 Bushire, Persia 498 Bute (CO.), Scotland 402 Buturiinovks, Russia 355 Bueeu (dept.), Rumania 346 Buzeu (city). Rumania 347 Byelaya Tserkov, Russia 355 Byelostok, Russia 355 c Cabanas (dept.), Salvador 53 Cabinda, Angola 597 Cable Rates: Abyssinia 520 Afghanistan 424 Algeria 579 Angola 597 Argentina 120 Australia 615 Austria 226 Aaores 228 Bahama Islands 59 Baluchistan 425 Barbados 61 Belgian Congo 523 Belgium 234 Bolivia 126 Brazil 141 Bulgaria 239 Cape Verde Islands 598 Ceylon 451 Vyi-Uit? •■•••••••••••••■•■••■•••««•(,,, XOX China 444 Colombia 159 Costa Rica 30 Curagao 73 Czecho-Slovakia 246 Denmark 254 Dominican Republic 77 Dutch East Indies 635 Ecuador 167 Egypt 564 Federated Malay States 495 Fiji Islands 617 Finland 261 France 273 French Indo China 455 French West Africa 569 Germany 288 Greece 297 Guam Island 616 Guatemala 37 Guiana, British 179 Guiana, Dutch 181 Guiana, French 182 Haiti 83 Hawaii 643 Honduras 41 Hungary 303 India, British 457 718 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDEX 719 |i 1 Page Cable Rates (cont.): /gy India, French .^ India, Portuguese *Y^ Italy, ^87 Jamaica ^g2 Japan o\g Jugo-Slavia qq Leeward Islands gg^ Madagascar q2 Martinique gg^ Morocco o2g Netherlands f^^j New Caledonia xSg New Guinea -o* New Zealand ^]^ Nicaragua 33^ Norway 52. Panama ^qq Paraguay ^^ £«"»» ; : : 200 Peru • • • ' fici Philippine Islands ^ Poland 1 nfi Porto Rico J^ Portugal .-.•.•. cQo Portuguese Guinea ^^j Rumania 3^3 Russia • • • ; cQO S. Thom6 and Principe og| Salvador /^g Samoan Islands g^ gift"™ ;• 383 opain r»o Straits Settlements ^J Sweden 304 Switzerland , ^ Trinidad •;;; J^ Tunis OQQ Turkey JXX United Kingdom 3ff Uruguay nifi Venesuela. .••••• vv; i in4 Virgin Islands of the U. 8 JJg Windward Islands ^^. Cabo Gracias (dist.), Nicaragua *' '^"'^Bn^l 132.135 Ceylon • *2^ Dominican Republic '" Guiana. British \'' Guiana, Dutch fig Ecuador «, ao Haiti. ^I'lg Jamaica • «e« Philippine Islands. ?g* 8. Thom6 and Principe ^ Venesuela 070 Caceres (provj, Spain ^1" Cadis (city). Spain • • • oSX Cadis and Ceuta (prov.). Spain ^j^ Cagliari (city). Italy ^"^ Cagliari (prov). Italy •••••••; "^^ Caieos Islands. British West Indies »» Cario. Eygpt •.••••••, am Caithness (co.), Scotland »Vf Cajamarca (city). Peru *rx Cajamarca (dept.), Peru ^ Calabar, Nigeria. ^ Calabria (dept), Italy ^ Calamata, Greece . f?* Calcutta. India, British *w Caldas (dept.). Colombia ^^ Calgary, Canada . „ Call, Colombia i^A Caliacra (dept.), Rumania Jko CaUcut, India. British '^^ Callao (city), Peru *X^ Callao (prov). Peru. . ^^ Caltanissetta (city). Italy. .• fj" Caltanissetta (prov.). Italy ^ Calvados (dept.). France <«« Page Camaguey (prov.). Cuba ^3 Camaguey (city). Cuba. . .- Cambodia. French Indo China l°\ Cambridge (co.). England Cameroons. see Kamerun. ..^ Campania (dept). Italy. • • •• • 1 • • j T^ Campbell Island. Kermadec Islands o^J Campeche (state.). Mexico ^** Camphor, Japan ^g^ Campo, Kamerun. ..•,••• ona Campobasso (prov.), Italy ^"" Canada: ^ Agriculture • • • • ; 1 Area and Population ggf Automobiles , Cities, Population J Coal 2 Commerce ^ Crops 4 Dairying 9-4 Exports y Fisneries j Forest Resources g Gold «_3 Imports g Industrial Establishments ^ Iron jj Livestock g_g Manufactures ° - Mineral Production . " Money, Weights and Measures » Oats J Petroleum g Post Ofl&ces 2 Production and Industry • Provinces g Railways g Telegraphs g Telephones a Wheat g Wireless Stations .^7 Canar (prov.), Ecuador -aTA-'ti?? Canary Islands, Commerce ^j.^ ^'' Canary Islands, Exports iik Canary Islands, Imports JJ^ Canea. Greece »g< Canea (dept.), Greece fxf Candia. Greece aao Canelones (dept). Uruguay ^g Cantal (dept). France •••■•:••% f?g Canterbury (prov.) . New Zealand Jg Canton, China •.•.•.:,•••• "^ ', kka Cape Coast Castle. Gold Coa-«.t Colony JW Cape Province. Union of South Africa 0^ Cape Town. Union of South Africa OM Cape Verde Islands: -q- Cable Rates Jg Commerce .«« Consular Regulations Jg Customs Tariff jg Exports ggg Imports ino Mail Time ^ Money Orders JS Parcel Post 2g Population ^2 Postal Rates Xos Shipping Routee °J? Caqueta. Colombia *2o Carabane Island, Senegal of« Carabobo (state), Venesuela ^ Caracas, Venesuela ff^ Carapegna, Paraguay *J* Caraio (dept.), Nicaragua " Carbonear, Newfoundland *" Carchi (prov), Ecuador ^Ji Cardenas. Cuba ^ Cardigan (co.), Wales ,. , *Vi ctrinOiTa (prov). Austria. . . .218. 219. 314. 315. 3^ Carlow (CO.), Ireland *"• Page Carmarthen (00.), England 401 Canarias (prov.), Spain 370 Carnarvon (co.), Wales 401 Camauba Wax, Brasil 133 Camiola 219. 314, 316, 318 Caroline Islands, Pacific Islands 616 Carriacou Island, British West Indies 104 Cartagena, (Ilolombia 153 Cartagena, Spain 369 Carfauo (city). Costa Rica 26 Cartago (prov.). Costa Rica 26 Casablanca. Morocco 592 Caserta (prov.). Italy 306 Cassava, Dutch East Indies 632 CaaMva. Hawaii 642 Cassel. Germany 278 Castello Brancho (dist.), Portugal 338 Castellon (city), Spain 369 Castellon (prov.), Spain 370 Catamarca (prov.), Argentina 108 Catania (city), Italy 307 Catania (prov.). Italy 306 Catanraro (prov.). Italy 306 Cauca (dept.). Colombia 153 Cauguenes, Chile 143 Cautin (prov.), Chile 143 Cavalla, Greece 291 Cavan (co.). Ireland 402 Cawnpore. India, British 459 Cayaba, Brasil . . . .^ 128 Ceara (state) , Brasil 128 Cebu (city), Philippine Islands 645 Cebu Island, Philippine Islands 645 Ceiba, Honduras 38 Celaya. Mexico 14 Celebes Island. Dutch East Indies 628 Cement. Germany 285 Cement, Spain 379 Cephalonia (dept.), Greece 291 Cerro de Pasco, Peru 193 Cerro Largo (dept.), Uruguay 202 Cettinje, Jugo-Slavia 315 Ceylon: Agriculture 450 AJrea and Population 446 Automobiles 691 Cable Rates 451 Cacao 450 Cinnamon 450 Cities, Population 446 Climate 446 Cocoanuts 450 Commerce 447—450 Consular Regulations 451 Customs Tariff 450 Exports 447-450 Imports 447-449 Language 450 Livestock 450 Mail Time 451 Manufactures 450 Minerals 450 Money Orders 451 Money. Weights and Measures 450 . Parcel Post 451 Pearl Fisheries 450 Plumbago 450 Poet Offices 450 Poetal Rates 451 Precious Stones 450 Production and Industry 450 Provinces 446 Railways 450 aVIOC ••••••■•••••••••••■•••••••■••••■ VO^J IvUDDcr •■•••••••••••■••■ 4ou Shipping Routes 450 Tea 450 Telegraphs 450 Chaco (terr.), Argentina 108 Chad Circumscription, French Equatorial Africa 575 Page Chalatenango (dept.), Salvador 53 Chalatenango (city), Salvador 53 Chalcis, Greece 291 Chalk, United Kingdom 417 Champerico, Guatemala 32 Chanaernagar (col.), India, French 467 Changsha. China 429 Channel Islands, Area and Population 401—402 Chantaburi (dept.). Siam 502 Charente (dept), France 263 Charente-Inferieure (dept.). France 263 Charleroi, Belgium 230 Charlotte Amalie, Virgin Islands of the United States 104 Charlottenburg. Germany 278 Charlottetown. Canada 1 Chatham, Canada 1 Chatham Islands, New Zealand 619. 626 Chefoo, China 429 Chekiang (prov.), China 429 Chelyabinsk, Russia 355 Chemulpo. (Chosen 486 Cher (dept.). France 263 Cherkassy, Russia 355 Chernigov (prov.). Russia 354 Chernigov (city). Russia 355. 367 Chester (co.), England 401 Chiapas (state), Mexico 14 Chiclayo, Peru 192 Chieti (prov.), Italy 306 Chihli (prov.), China 429 Chihuahua (state). Mexico 14 Chihuahua (city) , Mexico 14 ChUe: Advertising Media 151 Agriculture 148 Alfalfa 148 Area and Population 143 Automobiles 691 Borates 147 t^auie xvates* ..• lox Cities, Population 143 Clay 146 Climate 142 Clover 148 Coal 146, 147 Commerce 144-146 Consular Regulations 150 Consular Representatives 150 Copper 146, 147 Exports 144-146 Guano 146 Gypsum 146 Imports 144-146 Industrial Establishments 149 Iodine 146 Iron 146, 147 Lead 146 Lime 146 Livestock 149 Minerals 146-148 Mining Industry 142 Money Orders 151 Money. Weights and Measures 160 Nitrate 146 Parcel post 151 Post Offices 149 Postal Rates 151 Production and Industry 146-149 Railways 149 Refineries 147 Salt 14ft Shipping Routes 150 Sulphur 146 Telegraphs 149 Telephones 150 w neax ...••.......••.■............■■ X40 Chilian, Chile 143 Chilo^ (prov.) . Chile 143 Chimaltenango (dept.), Guatemala 31 Chimaltenango (city), Guatemala 31 II i il I < n 720 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDEX 721 Page Chimboraio (prov.), Educador 161 Cliina: ..„ Advertising Media *J^ Agriculture *Ti Antimony Jz;z Area and Population **? Automobiles 22* Banks *2d Cable Rates T*^ Cities, Population *^ Climate Jg Coal nt\ AAf\ Commerce *^1? Commercial Houses *j^ Consular Regulations *J* Consular Representatives 4*^ Copper JJ^ Cotton T;i Customs Tariff .orxTTn Exports ^^^? Foreign Firms **^ Foreign Population **^ Gold Ain^7 Imports ^^^l Iron *^5 Lead JJ2 Livestock TTi Mail Time jf* Manufactures ^^^ Minerals TT^ Mining Industry *2l Money Orders . ^^^ Money, Weights and Measures * 'UV Oil, Soya-bean **^ ?^k^'^^°''.•.■.■:;;::: ;:;:::.::: :;::;:;m^^ Poet Offices Jlj Postal Rates J*J Provinces *^9 Railways *^ f Rice J*^ Roads Ill Shipping Routes ^^f Silk JJJ Silver J42 Soya-beans ^*J Sugar *J} Tea **^ Telegraphs **^ Textile Industry ^^i Tin *^2 Trade Methods j^^ Waterways *** Chinandega (dept.), Nicaragua «i Chinandega (city), Nicaragua ** Chinchou, Chosen j^ Chinkianp, China J^ Chin-pan-po, Chosen *°^ Chinwangtao, China **^ Chios (dept.), Greece ^* Chiquimuia, Guatemala ^o Chiriqui (prov.), Panama J^ Chirmo, Nyasaland Protectorate |*o Chita, Russia ^^e Chitre, Panama J^ Chivilcoy, Argentina \*^ Choco (intend.), Colombia *^ Choiseul Island, Solomon Islands 6^ Chontales (dept.), Nicaragua 41 Chosen ^Korea): _ Agriculture ^ak Area and Population '*°S Barley J87 Cities, Population *?" Pottl ***** *.^Oai AQR—±ii7 Commerce aq? Cotton 2°4 Electric plants aoaJb? Exports 486-487 Fisheries ^^ Foreign Population *°" Page Chosen (Korea) (cont.): ^ Forest Resources *?| Ginseng *°4 Gold J^ Graphite ^eA_la7 Imports 4R« Iron *52 Livestock *°^ Manufactures *°* Minerals *2o Production and Industry ^^a^ Rice J°^ Soya-beans *°' Tobacco ••• • •^- ; •••.• Ico Chota Nagpur (prov.), India, British 458 Chowman (dist.), Bulgaria *»» Chovillos, Peru • '^^ Christchurch, New Zealand • • • • • •.• • • **^ Christianstadt, Virgin Islands of the United States Christmas island, Straits Settlements 613 Chrome ore: „„- New Caledonia ^ New Zealand °5^ Rhodesia, Southern «*' Turkey ^ Chromite, Greece f^ Chromite, India. British ^^o Chubut (terr.), Argentina j"» Chungking, China. .■•••; ^fs Chuquisaca (dept.), Bolivia i** Cienfuegos, Cuba. . ..••••. «XX Cinchona, Dutch East Indies ^ Cinnamon, Celyon *^ Ciscaucasia (prov.), RuMia. . . •.•••• ^aa Cities. Di.stances from New York, etc ^ Ciudad Bolivar, Vene«uela *w Ciudad Real (prov.) , Spain ^Ao Clackmannan (co.), Scotland W| Clare (co.), Ireland W^ Clay. Chile UJ Clay. India. British *J{ Cloves. Zanzibar Protectorate o&* Coahuila (state), Mexico ** Coal: fniB Australia SS Austria ^ Belgium 232, ^66 Bulgaria ^^ Canada ® Chile ^*^'\il China ^ Chosen *2* Csecho-Slovakia 245 Dutch East Indies J^i Federated Malay States 4»4 France ^7U French Indo China o7« oSJ Germany Sa Hungary ^f India, British *» Japan _ _ *°" Jugo-Slavia 'ooS Netherlands ^^ New Zealand ^^ Nyasaland Protectorate o*" Peru JS Poland 335 Portugal ^ Rhodesia, Southern gj" Rumania ^^V Russia *2a Spain . ^ Rwaailand Protectorate o^ Sweden J»J Taiwan ,rV Turkey Union of South Africa 542 United Kingdom 417,418 Veneiuela 216 World's Production 6w Cobalt, Germany Coban, Guatemala Cobleni, Germany Cochabamba (dept.), Bolivia Cochabamba (city), Bolivia Cochin (state), India, British Cochin-China, French Indo China. . . Cocld (prov.), Panama Coooa: »^f m il ■■•••■•••••••••••••••■• Dutch East Indies J^ 10ttlo|{utt ■•■••••••••••••■■••• Peru Trinidad Uganda Protectorate World's Production Cocoanuts : Ceylon Fiji Islands Guiana, British Kelantan (state), Malay States Papua Philippine Islands Seychelles Islands Zanzibar Protectorate Cooos (Keeling) Islands, Straits Settlements Ck)ffee: Abyssinia Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Dutch East Indies . . Guatemala Guiana, British XXoivl •■■••••••••••• J3A n^lUl •••••••••••• Jamaica Nicaragua Nyasaland Protectorate. Peru Philippine Islands Porto Rioo Salvador Uganda Protectorate . . . Venesuela Windward Islands World's Production .... Coimbra (dist.), Portugal. . . Cojedes (state), Venesuela. . Coiutepeque, Salvador Coke: Australia Rhodesia, Southern .... Spain Union of South Africa . . Colchagua (prov.), Chile Colima (state), Mexico Cologne, Germany Colombia: Advertising Media Agriculture Area and Population . . . Asphalt Automobiles Cable Rates Cattle Cities, Population Climate Coffee Commerce Consular Regulations. . . Consular Representatives Copper Custom's Tariff. Exports Forest Ftoducts Gold !••••' Page 287 31 278 122 122 468 461 48 132, 135 632 557 46 197 103 553 G92 460 616 176 496 637 651 550 554 513 519 132, 134 156 29 76 632 35 177 81-82 642 86 46 526 197 651 96.98 57 397 553 214 105 692 338 209 53 608 527 379 542 143 14 278 150 153 153 157 601 159 157 153 152 156 154-156 169 158 157 158 164-166 153, 157 167 Colombia (cont.): Imports Industrial Establishments Livestock Manufactures Minerals and Mines Money Orders Money, Weights and Measures Parcel Post Petroleum , Platinum Post Offices and Telegraphs Postal Rates Precious Stones Production and Industry. Railways Rivers Rubber Shipping Routes Silver Telegraphs Colombo, Ceylon Colon (prov.), Panama Colon (citv), Panama Colonia (dept.), Uruguay. . . . Comino Island, Malta Como (prov.), Italy Como (city), Italy Comoro Islands: Area and Population .... Exports Forest Resources Imports Lumber Vanilla Concepci6n (prov.), Chile. . . . Concepci6n (city), Chile Concepci6n, Paraguay Concepcion de la Vega, Dominican CJoncordia, Argentina Congo (dist.}, Angola Congo, Belgian, see Belgian Congo Congo Kasai (prov.), Belgian Congo Connaught, Ireland Const antine, Algeria Constantinople, Turkey. .... Constanza (dept.), Rumania Constanza (city), Rumania. Cook Islands, New 240 Union of South Africa ^ World's Production JJ? Cornwall (co.), England Corrdze (dept.) , France . . . • • ^g Corrientes (prov.) Argentina Jgg Corrientes (city), Argentina *g Corse (dept.), France g^^ Coruna (prov.). Spam ggg Coruna (city). Spam ^^ Corundum, India, Bntisn 226 Corvo Island, Aiores ^^ Cosenza (prov.) , Italy Costa Rica: . _, ,. 30 Advertismg Media ^ Agriculture . • .• ofi Area and Population g^^ Automobiles 29 Banks 30 Cable Rates • ofi Cities, Population ^ Climate • t 27-28 Commerce .... oq Consular Regulations. ^ Consular Representatives |g Customs Tariff 27-28 Exports 29 Forest Resources gg Gold 27-28 Imports • *' «A Industrial Establishments g Manganese • Manufactures 29 Minerals Page Costa Rica (cont.) : -^ Money Orders • 5" Money, Weights and Measures 29 Parcel Post |" Post Offices tX Postal Rates ^ Production and Industry ^ Provinces, Population *° Railways g^ Shipping Routes *^ Sugar 20 Telegraphs . . . „«, Cdte-d'Or (dept.). France ^^ CAtes-du-Nord (dept.), France -*«» Cotton: -,g Abyssinia ttg Algeria • • ., JJu- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan *>Jo Barbados |5i Brazil Jjf China 407 Chosen egg Dahomey. •••.•••,; 76 Dominican Republic '" Egypt 2Xa French Indo China 01 00 Haiti S^iJ^ India, British ^Cg te::::::::::::::::::::::::::--'- 320 Mexico egg Nigeria ««>« Nyasaland Protectorate OjJ Peru Qfi Porto Rico jJq Russia jtro Uganda Protectorate »«" Union of South Africa »«i Couriand (prov.), Russia gj Courtrai. Belgium ^ Covurlui (dept.), Ruin»iii» ^ Cracow, Poland 34- Craiova, Rumania Sg Crefeld. Germany. . |i? Cremona (prov.), Italy ^ Cremona (city), Italy ^ Creuse (dept.) ..France Qii'sis 318 Croatia-Slavonia 31*' ^^^' |^ Cronstadt, Russia. . ■.:i^-\i ' J; • fio Crooked Island. British West Indies w Cuajiniquilapa, Guatemala 62-68 Cuba •.•.••• vv- j: 67 Advertising Media «a_a7 Agriculture ""^ Alcohol flo Area and Population ^ Automobiles "J- Cities. Population JJ Climate q^_qq Commerce «q Consular Regulations. "9 Consular Representatives go Copper. • ; • ; ; 68 g;SS>°r..^*".^.v.::::::::::::*.: 63.65.66 Forest Resources g^ f ""it,. '.'.■.■.*.'. .63, 64, 65 Imports ' 'g7 Iron 67 Livestock -7 Manganese ar-at Manufactures ^^J Minerals • •• • -7 Money. Weights and Measures g Parcel Post ^4 Poet Offices --Si Production and Industry ^67 Railways So Shipping Routes JJ Sugar.... 07 Telegraphs •' Cuba (cont.): Telephones Tobacco Cubango (dist.), Angola. . . Cucuta, Colombia Cuenca, Ecuador Cuenca (prov.), Spain Cumberland (co^, England. Cundinamarca, Colombia. . Cunene (dist.), Angola Cuneo (prov.), Italy. Page 67 67 697 153 161 370 401 153 597 305 Curayao' 69-73 Area and Population 69-70 Automobiles 691 Cable Rates 73 Commerce 70-72 Consular Regulations 73 Consular Representatives 72 Customs Tariff 72 Exports 70-72 Imports 70-71 Minerals 70 Money, Weights and Measures 72 Parcel Post 73 Petroleum 70 Postal Rates 73 Production and Industry 70 Shipbuilding 70 Shipping Routes 72 Curic6 (prov.), Chile 143 Curic6 (city), Chile 143 Currants, Greece 294 Curytiba, Brazil 128 CuscatlAn (dept.), Salvador 53 Cutjack, India, British 459 Cuzco (dept.), Peru 192 Cuzco (city), Peru 193 Cyclades (dept.), Greece 291 Cyprus Island: Agriculture 239 Area and Population 239 Barley 239 Cities, Population 239 Commerce 239 Exports 239 Imports 239 Money, Weights and Measures 239 Oats 239 Production and Industry 239 Railways 239 Roads 239 Telegraphs 239 Vetches 239 Wheat 239 Caecho-Slovakia: Advertising Media 245 Agriculture 242-243 Area and Population 240 Barley 242, 243 Cable Rates 246 Cities, Population 240 Coal 245 Commerce 241-242 Consular Regulations 246 Consular Representatives 246 Com 242-243 Crops 242-243 Customs Tariff 246 Exports 241-242 Forest Resources 243 Gold 245 Graphite 245 Imports 241-242 Industrial Establishments 243-244 Iron 245 Language 245 Lead 245 Lignite 245 Livestock 243 Mail Time 246 Page Czecho-Slovakia (cont.): Manufactures 243-244 Minerals 245 Mining Industry 245 Money Orders 246 Money, Weights and Measures 245 Oats 242-243 Parcel Post 246 Postal Rates 246 Potatoes 242-243 P*roduction and Industry 242-245 Railways 245 Roads 245 Rye 242-243 Shipping Routes 246 Silver 245 Sugar 243 Sulphur 245 Telegraphs 245 Telephones 245 Tin 245 Waterways 245 Wheat 242-243 Zinc 245 D Dacca, India, British 459 Dagana, Senegal 573 Daghestan (prov.), Russia 354, 364, 368 Dahomey: Agriculture 569 Area and Population 568, 569 Commerce 570 Cotton 569 Exports 569. 570 Imports 569, 570 Railways 569 Roads 570 Telegraphs 570 Telejphones 570 Dairen, China 429, 490 Dairy Industry: Argentina 115 Belgium 232 Denmark 250, 257 Finland 259 Italy 309 Japan 480 Switzerland 393 Union of South Africa 540 Dakar, Senegal 567, 573 Dalmatia 314, 315, 318 Dalney, Liaotung 469 Damanhur, Egypt 561 Damao, India, Portuguese 468 Damascus, Turkey 396 Damboirtsa (dept.), Rumania 346 Damietta, Egypt 561 Darbhanga, India, British 459 Dar-es-Salaam, East Africa 549 Darmstadt, Germany 278 Dam (Papua) , New Guinea 637 David, Panama 48 Debreczen, Hungary 299 Delft, Netherlands 322 Delhi, India. British 459 Delly (Timor), Malay Archipelago 635 Delta-Amacuro (ter.), Venezuela 209 D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Papua 637 Denbigh (co.), Wales 401 Denmark: Advertising Media 253 Agriculture 250 Area and Population 248 Automobiles 691 Barley 250 Cable Rates 254 Cities, Population 248 Commerce 248-250 Consular Regulations 254 ,! II 724 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDEX 725 < ,« li Fftse Denmark (cont.): __« Consular Representatives ^ Crops *JJ Customs Tariff ^ Diary Industry • '^^ ^^::':::::::::::::::::::::: : : : : :248i5o Industriai Establishments ^^~?t? Language *^ Livestock *^ MaU Time 2M Manufactures ^ oS Money Orders *»* Money, Weights and Measures |»o Oats **J Parcel Post ^ Post Offices *^ Postal Rates. • • • • • ocn_^1 Production and Industry %^i^i RaUways ^^'l^ Rye ^ Shipping Routes ^ Sugar.. *J0 Telegraphs 2» Telephones *^ Wheat 260 Derbent, Russia . . . «^ Derby (co), England. . . ••••••■ v. ^ifi Desirade iBland, French West Indies 78 Dessau. Germany. . *^» Deux Sev6res (dept.), France ^ Deventer, Netherlands ^'^ Devon (co.), England w^ Diamonds, Australia J"? Diamonds, India, British ■•■•■ ■■•■•:i.-- *^ Diamonds, Protectorate of Southwest Africa 55» Diamonds, Union of South Africa Mj« Diego Suares, Madagascar &»" Dimbokro, Ivory Coast ^'^ Din Island, India, Portuguese *«» Dinguiray (ter.), French Guinea g70 Dinsburg, Germany f\° Dire Dawa, Abyssima ■■•■■•■• °i2 Diambi (dist.). Dutch East Indies 628 Djibuti, French Somaliland, Africa 515, 675 Dobrudja (dept.), Rumama ^o Dolg (dept.), Rumama ^ Dominica, West Indies »».»" Dominican Republic jk Agriculture '^ Area and Population '« Automobilee ^'xi Cable Rates y. Cacao '2 Cities, Population '« CUmate 1% Coffee _^1° Commerce rr Consular Regulations. 7/ Consular Representatives ' ' Cotton iS Customs Tariff 74_7A Exports 72~7s Imports 7fi Minerals ^^ Money Orders '^ Money, Weights and Measures 76 Parcel Post ^ Post Offices '^ Postal Rates 77 Production and Industry fo Railways ^ Shipping Routes ' ' Sugar ^ Telegraphs L* Telephones L' Tobacco ,i? Don (prov.), Russia. ^ Donegal (co.), Ireland ^* Dordogne (dept.), France ^ Dordrecht, Netherlands *** Page Dornbim, Austria 219 Dorohoi (dept), Rumama j*^ Dorset (co), England *"! Dortmund, Germany *7» Doubs (dept.), France ^ Down (CO.), Ireland *"f Drama (dept.), Greece ^\ Drama (city), Greece *5* Drammen, Norway ^° Drenthe (prov.) , Netherlands «l Dresden, Germany jg" Drftme (dept.), France 263 Duala. Kamerun. JXo Dublin (CO.), Ireland «02 Dublin (city), Ireland .. .••.•••• *g* Ducie IsUnd. British Pacific Islands 627 Dudoia Island, British Pacific Islands . . 627 Duff, or Wilson, Islands, Solomon Islands. . . 638 Dulcigno, Jugo-Slavia 31° Dumbarton (co.), Scotland W-tf Dumfries (co.), Scotland *«* Dundee, Scotland *"* Dunedin, New Zealand 6/0 Durango (state), Mexico J* Durango (city), Mexico 1« Durasno (dept.), Uruguay *02 Duraiao, Albania .. . •••;;•. ink Durban, Union of South Africa 629 Durham (co), England. *01 Duroetor (dept.), Rumania 3*6 Diisseldorf, Germany *'*> Dutch East Indies: Advertising Media 6da Agriculture. aoo_aoo Area and Population ^^^'f^ Automobiles ^^ Batik Industry 6^ Cable Rates 635 Cassava J3^ Cinchona Jg* Cities, Population »*» Climate 6*5 Coal "^ gx';;:::::::::::::::::::::::;:;:: ^' Commerce *^*^« Consular Regulations. 6d6 Consular Representatives 638 Com "^* Crope.' $32 Customs Tariff «9oJ?2 Exports ^33 S«)ris.'. '.::::::::*.:'.". ■.;■.■'.■.' ;:..'.'-629-632 Industrial Establishments 684 Iron ^ Islands gj Language ^ Mail Time ««^ Manufactures S??lSJ Minerals ®32-633 Money Orders g* Money, Weights and Meaeures W Parcel Post ^ Petroleum ^^ Post Offices 5oi Postal Rates. ...••. m'JSI Production and Industry *>32-634 Railways gg Rice g* Rubber gj Shipping Routee gj ?S" ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ^ TelegrapiiB ^ Tin i-... <^ Dutch Guiana, see Guiana, Dutch. Dutch New Guinea, New'Gumea (Island) . . . 637 Dutch West Indies, see Curacao. Dvinsk, Russia pi o« Dyewoode. Haiti or? I^ Daria (prov.), Russia «56 B Page East Africa (formerly German East African Protectorate) : Agriculture 649 Area and Population 549 Cities, Population 549 Commerce 549 Exports 649 ImportB 549 Lakes 649 Livestock 649 Post Offices 649 Railways 649 Telegraphs 649 WirelesB Stations 649 East African Protectorate, British: Agriculture 548 Area and Population 548 Automobiles 691 Cities, Population 548 Commerce 548 Exports 548 Forest Resources 648 Imports 548 Minerals 648 Railways 548 Telegraphs 548 East London, Union of South Africa 529 East Prussia (Poland) 333 Eastern Province, Belgian Congo 521 Ecuador 160-167 Advertising Media 167 Agriculture 160 Area and Population 161 Automobiles 691 Cable Rates 167 Cacao 165 Cities, Population 161 Climate 160, 165 Consular Regulations 166 Consular Representatives 166 Customs Tariff 166 Exports 160-165 Forest Resources 160 Imports 160-165 Industries 165 Minerals 165 Money Orders 167 Money, Weights and Measures 166 Panama Hats 160 Parcel Post 167 Poet Offices 166 Postal Rates 167 Production and Industry 165 Railways 160, 165 Shipping Documents 166 Shipping Routes 167 Tagua Nuts 165 Telegraphs 166 Telephones 166 Wireless Stations 166 Edinburgh (co.), Scotland 402 Edinburgh (city), Scotland 402 Edmonton, Canada 1 Egypt: Advertising Media 664 Agriculture 563 Area and Population 561 Automobiles 691 Bariey 553 Cable Rates 564 Cities, Population 56I Commerce 561-562 Consular Regulations 564 Com 563 Cotton 563 Crops 563 Customs Tariff 564 Exports 561-562 Imports 561-562 Language 564 Mail Time 664 Face Egypt (cont.): JJ^'«t K^- 563 Money Orders 565 Money, Weights and Measures .....!!! 564 Parcel Post 555 Post Offices !!! 1 !!!!!!!! ! 664 Postal Rates !....!!...... 664 Production and Industry !!...!., 563 Railways 554 Rice !.'.!!*.'.!".!!!! 563 Shipping Routes 564 Suez Canal ' 553 Sugar. . . ...!.!!!!!!! 563 Telegraphs 554 Telephones 554 Wheat ....'.'.'.'.'. 563 Eitape (Kaiser Wilhelm's Land). New Guinea 537 Ekaterinoslav (city), Russia! .............. 367 El basan, Albania 217 El Beni (dept.), Bolivia 122 Elberfeld, Germany ] . . 278 El Damar, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. ......... 565 Electric Plants, Chosen 488 Electric Plants, Japan 485 Eleuthera Island, British West Indies ... 59 Elgin (CO.), Scotland 402 Ells (dept.), Greece 291 Elizabethville, Belgian Congo 521 Ellice Islands, British Pacific Islands 627 El Pet^n (dept.), Guatemala 31 El Quich6 (dept.), Guatemala 31 Embroidery Industry, Switzerland 393 Emery, Greece 296 Emilia (dept.) Italy 306 Emmen, Netherlands 322 Encarnaci6n, Paraguay [[,, 184 England, Area and Population . 401 England, Counties 401 Enschede, Netherlands ..... 322 Entebbe, Uganda Protectorate. . ........... 553 Entre Minho-e-Douro (prov.), Portugal 338 Entre Rios (prov.), Argentina 108 Enzeli, Persia 493 Epirus, Greece '.'.'.'... 291 Equator, Prov. of the, Belgian Congo 521 Erfurt, Germany 278 Eritrea: Area and Population 590 Commerce 590 Exports ' *.. 590 Gold 590 Imports 590 Palm nuts 59O Pearl Fisheries 590 Production and Industry 590 Railways 590 Wireless Stations 590 Erivan (prov.), Russia 354 Erivan (city), Russia 355 Erzerum, Turkey 396 Eskilstuna, Sweden 384 Esmeraldes (prov.) Ecuador 161 Esmeraldes (city), Ecuador 161 Espaillat (prov.), Dominican Republic 73 Espirito Santo (state), Brazil 128 Esquintla (dept.), Guatemala 31 Esquintla (city), Guatemala 31 Essen-on-Ruhr, Germany 278 Essex (CO.), England 401 Esteli (dept.), Nicaragua 41 Esteli (city), Nicaragua 41 Esthonia (prov.), Russia 354 Esthonia, New Russian State 364-365 Commerce 365 Trade Regulations 366 Estremadura (prov.), Portugal 338 Euboea (dept.), Greece 291 Eure (dept.), France 263 Eure et Loire (dept.), France 263 Evora (dist.), Portugal 338 Exuma Island. British West Indies 50 I » r t 726 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDEX 727 Page F T? * .... 561 Faiyum, Egypt. •. 345 Falchiu (dept.). Rumania ^^g Falcon (state). Venezuela * ^ Falkland Islands (The) .^j Imports and Exports ^ Falmouth, Jamaica 239 Famagusta, Cyprus Faroe Islands: . oar 2HA Area and Population 248. ^^ FisheriM 254 Industries 254 Livestock 573 Fatick, Senegal 226 Fayal Island. Asores. ,28 Federal District. Brazil * . Federal District. Mexico Federated Malay States: ^gg Area and Population ggj Automobiles 495 Cable Rates 494 Coal 493 Commerce ..••••. 495 Consular RegulaUons ^^4 Copra •••••.•• 495 Customs TboiH 493 Exports 494 Forest Resources 494 9o^<* • : '.'.'. 493 Imports 494 Land Distribution 494 Language 495 Mail Time 494 Minerals 495 Money Orders • • • aqa Money. Weights and Meaaurea *«| Parcel Post 494 Post Offices 495 Postal Rates. ... •••••■; 493-494 Production and Industry 494 Railways 495 Rubber 494 Scheelite ' 494 Shipping Routes 494 Telegraphs 494 Telephones 494 Tin 494 Wolfram. . . .^.. 429 Fengtien (dist.), Chma 3^^ Ferghana (prov.), R^** 402 Fermanagh (co.). Ireland ^9^ Fernando Po Island gQg Ferrara (prov.). Itely ; 307 Ferrara (city), Italy 296 Ferromanganese, Greece ggg Fez, Morocco ggg Fianarantsoa, Madagascar ^^ Fife (CO.), Scotland Fiji Islands: 515 Agriculture. •••••.• ei6 Area and Population gj^ Cable Rates gjy Commerce ^jg Com 517 Exports 517 Imports. 5ie Livestock 517 Mail Time 517 Manufactures 517 Monev Orders 517 Parcel Post / • ' 517 Postal Rates 515 Rice- ; 616 Rubber. 617 Shipping Routes ^jg Sugar • 263 FinistSre (dept.). France Finland: 258-259 Agriculture 257 Area and Population ggj Automobiles Page Finland (continued): g 259 Barley ;;;; '258 Beans ofli Cable Rates ^Vi Cities. Population ^^ Climate 257-258 Commerce "**" ofti Consular Regulations. ^\ Consular Representatives 258-259 Crops ••••••.•• 261 Customs Tariff 259 Dairy Industry 257-258 Export* : ; : ; 258 Flam 259 Forest Resources ^g p*y- • • ; ; ; ; ; [257-258 Imports 9An Industrial Establishments 259-260 •Industries 260 Iron 259 Livestock 260-261 Lumber ofil M»ilTi™e 260 Minerals 261 Money Orders ■ • oo i Money. Weights and Measures 258. 259 2**" '.'.".*. .260^261 Paper 261 Parcel Post 258 Peas 261 Post Offices 261 PotLt!)^^' '.'.*.■.'!!*!'*••••••••• 258,259 Produ^on and Industry ^^^261 Ra'i^'ay^ : : ; ; :258. 259 Rye 261 Shipping Routes 253 Straw 260 Waterpower 26I wa*«7*y« ::::::: 258, 259 Finmark (dist.), Norway ^ Firenze (prov.). Italy. ^ Flanders (prov.). Belgium '*«' Flax: 605 Australia 231 Belgium 4 Canada 258 Finland ctg St. Helena Island 41 -i 416 United Kingdom *1^' JJg Flaxseed, France ^40 Flint. Union of South Africa JJJ Flint (CO.). Wales. ^g, Florence (Firenze). Italy ^^J Flores, Guatemala 202 Flores (dept.). Uruguay *^g Flores Island. Azores •••••••.•, 128 Florianopolis (Desterro), Braiu ^^ Florida (dept.) . Uruguay ^ Florida Island. Solomon Islands ^ Fiorina (dept.). Greece 291 Fiorina (city). Greece _22 Flushing. Netherlands ^| Focsani. Rumania. gQg Foggia (prov.), Italy 3^^ Foggia (city), Italy 429 Foochow, China g^g Forcados, Nigeria. 4^2 Forfar (00.), Scotland TiZ Forli (prov.). Italy ^ Forli (city), Italy J^ Formigas Island. Aaoree .^^ Formosa (ter.). Argentina *"° Formosa Island, see Taiwan .- Fort de France, Martmique. 5' Fort Johnston. Nyasaland Protectorate 626 Fort William. Canada - 2g Fortaleza, Braiil . . '■•:•:•: : 573 Fortuna Island. New Caledonia o'^ Page France: Advertising Media 273 Agriculture 268-269 Alcohol 270 Antimony 270 Area and Population 263-264 Arsenic 270 Automobiles 691 Beans 269 Buckwheat 269 Cable Rates 273 Cities, Population 263 Clothing Industry 272 Coal 270 Commerce 264-268 Consular Regulations 273 Consular Representatives 273 Copper 270 Crops 268-269 Customs Tariff 273 Exports 264-268 Fisheries 270 Flaxseed 269 Fruit 269 Gold 270 Hay 269 Hempseed 269 Hops 269 Imports 264-268 Industrial Establishments 271-272 Iron 270 Language 273 Lead 270 Lignite 270 Livestock 269 MaU Time 273 Maize 269 Manganese 270 Manufactures 270-272 Millet 269 Minerals 270 Mining Industry 270 Money Orders 273 Money, Weights and Measures 273 Parcel Post 273 F^as 269 Post Offices 272 Postal Rates 273 Potatoes 269 Production and Industry 268-272 Quarrying 270 Railways 272 Rivers 272 Shipping Routes 273 Silk 272 SUver 270 Steel 270 Sugar 269 Sugar beets 269 Telegraphs 272 Telephones 272 Textile Industry 272 Tobacco 269 Tungsten 270 Vegetables 269 Wheat 269 Wine 269 Zinc 270 Frankfort-on-Main. Germany 278 Frankfort -on-Oder. Germany 278 Frederickstadt, Virgin Islands of the United States 104 Fredrikstad. Norway 328 Freiburg, Germany 278 French Congo, see French Equatorial Africa. French Equatorial Africa (French Congo) : Area and Population 575 Cities 575 Commerce 576-577 Exports 576-577 Imports 576 Page French Equatorial Africa (French Congo) (cont.) Salt 575 Telegraphs 575 Wireless Stations 575 French Guiana, see Guiana, French. French Guinea: Area and Population 568, 570 Commerce 571 Exports 571 Gold 571 Imports 571 Livestock 570-571 Products 570-571 Railways 571 Roads 571 Telegraphs 571 Telephones 571 French India, see India. French. French Indo China: Agriculture 454 Area and Population 451 Automobiles 601 Cable Rates 455 Climate 451 Coal 454 Commerce 451-453 Consular Regulations 454 Consular Representatives 454 Cotton 454 Customs Tariff 454 Exports 451-453 Fisheries 454 Imports 451—453 Livestock 454 Mail Time 455 Manufactures 454 Minerals 454 Money Orders 455 Parcel Post 455 Pepper 454 Post Offices 454 Postal Rates 455 Production and Industry 454 Railways 454 Rice 454 Rubber 454 Shipping Routes 454 Silk 454 Telegraphs 454 Telephones 454 Zinc 454 French Pacific Islands 617, 636, 637 French Somaliland 575 French West Africa: Area and Population 568 Cable Rates 569 Colonies 568 Commerce 568 Consular Regulations 569 Consular Representatives 569 Customs Tariff 569 Exports 568 Imports 568 Mail Time 569 Money Orders 569 Monev, Weights and Measures 568 Parcel Post 569 Post Offices 568 Postal Rates 569 Shipping Routes 569 French West Indies 78, 79,91. 92 Fribourg (canton), Switzerland 391 Friendly Islands, see Tonga Islands. Friesland (prov.), Netherlands 321 Fruit: Australia 604. 605 France 269 Greece 294 Hawaii 642 Hungary. 302 1' H \i\ 728 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDEX 729 Page Fnut (cont.): Japan Malta. Tripoli Uganda Protectorate Union of South Africa Fuhkien (prov.). China Fuqiii. Japan Fukuoka, Japan Fukushima, Japan 273 Furth, Germany 40^ Fuean. Cho«en *°" 480 320 590 553 540 429 471 471 471 Gabun Colony, French Equatorial Africa. ... 575 Galapagos (prov.). Equador ^ Galatz, Rumania 2{q Galicia (Auatrm) *ix GaUcia. Poland ^2 446 Galt/Canada..^^^^... ......... •.;•;;;•• ,02 Galle, ^ylon. 555 556 556 556 556 556 556 Galway (co.), -_ . », • Gambia. British West Africa Area and Population Commerce Currency Exports Imports Post Ofi&ces GambieTlslandsJ^FrenchPacific Islanda 6^ Gangtock, Sikkim „«, Card (dept.). France Jje Gaa Plants, Japan Z^^ Gavle, Sweden • ■ • ■ ; Qe«i Gavleborg (govt.), Sweden gj Gaza, Turkey 333 Gdausk. Poland qqj Geelong. Austr^ia 078 Gelsenkirchen, Germany J^° Gensan. Chosen. 0Q7 Genoa (Genova), Italy ^^ Genova (prov.), Italy 305 Page Georgetown, Ascension Island 366 Georgetown, Guiana. British *"° Georgian Republic. Russia: _- Area and Population ^"' Cities. Population. . ••.••••;•■, Soy German New Guinea, Pacific Islands 637 Germany: 275-276 Agricultural Losses 283 Agriculture 386 Alcohol ,• • .• 977_«>7R Area and PopulaUon S? Asphalt ggj Automobiles 2g3 Barley 088 Cable Rates gj Cement. . • • ■ • •. 078 Cities. Population 276.287 Coal. 287 287 287 287 275 Germany (cont.): Sulphur Telegraphs Telephones Territorial Losses ti^ Textile Industry ^ Tobacco So Wheat 5^ Win© • 077 ofi7 Zinc ;r,'-:- ki'- So Germiston, Union of South Afnea »;*» Gerona. (prov.), Spain ^ Gera (dept.). France ^ Ghent, Belgium *^ Gibraltar: . nao Area and Population. ^ Monev. Weights and MsMuns ^ Postal Service •S? Gifu, Japan ,li Giion, Spain 1 • v • >; 'i « -:•{. Gilbert and EUice Islands Colony. British Pacific Islands •.••••• .v • ^ •,• v SS Gilbert Islands. British Pacific Islands W7 Ginseng. Chosen *5i Giran, Taiwan. ^ Girgenti (prov.), Italy ^ Gtronde (dept.). France *°^ Gisbome. New Zealand ^ Gisa. Egypt. ....•• **^ Gi«o Island. Solomon Islanas Glace Bay, Canada. ^. Glamorgan (co.), Wales. ^* Glarus (canton), Switserland »^ Glasgow. Scotland *^ Glenwits. Germany *^ Gloucester (co.), England JJJ* G6a, India, Portuguese. *^ Goagira (comm.). Colombia ^ Gold, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan o^ iSS>1".-.:,:.::::::::::::::::::::-««».s« Bechuanaland Protectorate Jg Belgian Congo °^ Brasil *^ Canada ..n China ^«g '.'.'.'..'.'.'. 167 29 638 1 178 179 302 Cobalt. 276% Colonial Losses 278-282 Commerce qoq Consular Regulations gj Copper 283 Crops • • • • -.u 288 Customs Tariff 278-282 Exports 284 Fisheries 284 Forest Resources ^ Graphite 233 Hay ;; 283 I^P"^^- ■/.'.'.'..!!*.. . . . . . . . . ' ' . .278-282 Industrial Establishments ^^^SJ Industrial Losses ^'^ Chosen ... Colombia . Costa Rica „._ Ciecho-Slovakia f^ Dutch East Indies ^ Eritrea JSl Federated Malay States *»* France fiV French Guinea °'* Gold Coast Colony ^' Guiana, British. . . Guiana, Dutch ... Hungary .-« India, British *JJ Italy 074 V.^n^"^ :::::: *8o jKiavia;::::::::::::::: 317.318 Madagascar ^ Mexico -io New Zealand ^f^ Nicaragua TV Panama -Si S^sr ::::::::::::::::::::i96.i98 661 Peru Philippine Islands ^ Rhodesia. Southern «*{ Russia ^24 Swaziland Protectorate ^^ Taiwan. mi Ss Transvaal °^^'^l Union of 8 Gypsum: ___ Australia **"J Canada , .5 Chih i*J India, British *^ H Haarlem, Netherlands 3^ Haddington (co). Scotland J^ Haen (prov). Spain gu Hagen, Germany. .. .. *^ Hague (The), Netherlands J^ Haichou, Choeen *2k Hail. Turkey. gj Hainaut (prov.), Belgium fjv Haiphong, French Indo China «* Hakodate. Japan *71 Haifa, Anglo-Efo-Ptian Sudan Oo» Half Way Tree, Jamaica «» Halifax, Canada * Halland (govt.), Sweden ^g Halle-on-Saale, Germany gj Halmstad, Sweden ^* Halsingborg, Sweden jg* Hama, Turkey ^J Hamadam, Persia *•« Hamamatsu. Japan *7* Hambom, Germany ^g Hamburg. Germany *l°^ Hamilton, Bermuda ^« Hamilton, Canada * Hangchow, China Jjj Han-Heung. Chosen w Hankow, China **2 Hanover, Germany. ^ Hants (oo.), England *"i Hararas, Peru ^ Harbin. China. .••••;•••;,••; ^fX Harbour Grace. Newfoundland . lU Harbour Island, British West Indies 58 Harburg, Germany JJS Harrar, Abyssinia o*» Haugesund, Norway. . . .^ ^ Haute-Garonne (dept.). France 263 Haiti 79-g Agriculture _?^ Automobiles ^\ Cable Rates g Cacao 81.^ Climate ,,, '% Coffee 81, 8^ Commerce ^^fi Consular Regulations »* Consular Representatives «* Page Haiti (cont.): Cotton 81, 82 Customs Tariff 82 Dyewoods 81, 82 Exports 80, 81 Imports 81 Manufactures 82 Minerals 82 Money Orders 82 Money, Weights and Measures 82 Parcel Post 82 Poet Offices 82 Postal Rates 83 Production and Industry 82 Railways 82 Shipping Routes 82 Sugar 82 Telegraphs 82 Tobacco 82 Haute-Loire (dept.), France 263 Haute-Mame (diept.), France 263 Haute-Sadne (dept.), France 263 Haute-Savoie (dpet.), France 263 Haute- Vienne (dept.), France 263 Hautes-Alpes (dept.), France 263 Hautes-Pyr^nfees (dept.). France 263 Havana (prov.), Cuba 63 Havana (city), Cuba 63 Hawaii: Agriculture 642 Alfalfa 642 Area and Population 640 Automobiles 691 Beans 642 Cable Rates 643 Canning Industry 642 Cassava 642 Climate 640 Coffee 642 Commerce 640-642 Com. 642 Corporations 643 V^POp0 .•.•■■■••••■••••••■■•■•••••■••• 04 A Exports 640-642 Forest Resources 642 Fruit 642 Honey 642 Imports 640-641 Islands 640 Language 643 Livestock 642 Mail Time 643 Manufactures 643 Minerals 643 Money Orders 643 Money, Weights and Measures 643 Parcel Post 643 Pineapples 642 Postal Rates 643 Potatoes 642 Production and Industry 642-643 Races 640 Railways 643 Rice 642 Rubber 642 Shipping Routes 643 Sisal 642 Sugar 642 Telephones 643 Tobacco 642 Wireless Stations 643 Hawaii Island, Hawaii 640 Hawke's Bay (prov.). New Zealand 619 Hay: Australia 604 France 269 Germany 283 Ireland 416.417 Norway 329 Page Hay (cont.): Sweden 387 United Kingdom 415, 416, 417 Hedjaz: Area and Population 455 Cities, Population 455 Products 456 Railways 455 Hedmark (dist.), Norway 327 Heidelberg, Germany 278 Heilung Chiang (dist.). China 429 Helder, Netherlands 322 Helsingfors, Finland 257 Hematite, New Zealand 623 Hemp: Japan 478 Mexico 19 Philippine Islands 651 Henequen, Mexico 19 Hengelo, Netherlands 322 Hensburg, Germany 278 Heraclion (Candia) (dept.). Greece 291 Herat, Afghdnistdn 423 Hfirault (dept.), France 263 Heredia (prov.), Costa Rica 26 Heredia (city), Costa Rica 26 Hereford (co.), England 401 Herm Island, United IQngdom 402 Heme, Germany 278 Herrera (prov.), Panama 4& Hertford (co.), England 401 Hertogenbosch, Netherlands 322 Herva Matt^, Brazil 135 Hidalgo (state), Mexico 14 Hides and Skins: Abyssinia 519 Brazil 132 Tunis 589 Hildesheim, Germany 278 Hilversum, Netherlands 322 Himeji, Japan 471 Hirosaki. Japan 471 Hiroshima, Japan 471 Hivaoa Island. Marquesas Islands 636 Hjalmaun, Lake (govt.), Sweden 385 Hobart, Tasmania 602 Hodmezo Vasarhely , Hungary 299 Hokkaido (Yezo) Island, Japan 469 Hokoto (Pescadores) Islands, Japan 460 Homs. Turkey 396 Honan (prov.), China 429 Honduras: 37-41 Agriculture 39 Area and Population 38 Automobiles Wl Cable Rates 41 Cities. Population 38 Climate 37 Commerce 38-39 Consular Regulations. 41 Consular Representatives 40 Customs Tariff 40 Exports 38-39 Forest Resources 39 Imports 38-39 Inaustrial Establishments 39 Livestock 39 Manufactures 40 Minerals 39 Money Orders 40 Money, Weights and Measures 40 Parcel Post 40 Post OflBces 40 Postal Rates ^ Production and Industry w Railways 40 Shipping Routes 40 Telegraphs • • 40 Telephones 40 f 732 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Page Honduras. British: Area and Population 24 Automobiles 691 Commerce 25 Consular Regulations 2o Consular Representatives 2o Customs Tariff 25 Money 24 Railways 24 Shipping Routes *» Telegraphs 24 Telephones 24 Austria 223 Hawaii ^^ Hungary 3"2 Hong Kong: , ^ , . ... Area and Population *** Climate "* Commerce." ]'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 444-445 Exports '***~ll4 Imports. ..'.!!.!'.".".'.! ***^R Industries 4*^ Monev, Weights and Measures 445 Honolulu, Hawaii 5S Honshiu Island, Japan 4o9 France 269 Germany ^ Hungary •'"^ United Kingdom 415, 416 Hordaland (dist.). Norway 327 Horsens, Denmark j^ Hsinchiang (prov.), China 429 Huahine Island, Leeward Islands 63b Huancavelica (dept.), Peru 192 Huancavelica (city). Peru 193 Huanuco (dept.), Peru J92 Huanuco (city), Peru 192 Huaraz, Peru l?^ Hubli, India, British 459 Huehuetenango (city), Guatemala 31 Huehuetenango (dept.), Guatemala 31 Huelva (prov.), Spain 370 Huelva (city), Spain 369 Huesca (prov.), Spain 370 Huila (dist.) , Angola 597 Huila (dept.), Colombia 153 Hull, Canada 1 Hunan (prov.), China 429 Agriculture ^^~Qno Antimonv 302 Area and Population 299 Asphalt oJio Barley 302 J366S •••• ••• 0X0 Cable Rates 3w Cities, Population 299 Coal ^^ 302 Commerce ^^ono Copper 302 Corn zrli Crops 302 Customs Tariff 303 Exports 299-301 Flour 303 Forest Resources 302 Fruit 302 Gold 302 Honey 302 Hops 302 Imports ?99-300 Industries ^02-303 Iron ^ Language ^J'* Lead • o^o Lignite ^^ Livestock 3TO Mail Time 303 Pace Hungary (cont.): Manganese ^J^* Manufactures 298, 303 Mercury 303 Minerals 302 Mining Industry 302 Money Orders 303 Oats.: 302 Parcel Post 303 . Post Offices 303 Postal Rates 303 Potatoes 302 Production and Industry 301-303 Pyrites 302 RaUways 298. 303 Roada 303 Rye 302 Shipping Routes 303 Silk 302 Silver 302 Sugar Beets 302 Sulphur 302 Sulphuric Acid 302 Telegraphs 303 Telephones ^ Tobacco 302 Waterways 3OT Wheat 302 Huntingdon (co.), England 401 Huon Islands, New Caledonia 637 Hupeh (prov.), China 429 Huskerud (dist.), Norway 327 Hyderabad (state), India, British 458 Hyderabad (city), India, British 459 I lamare, Abyssinia ol5 Ibarra, Ecuador J^l lea (dept.) , Peru 1^2 lea (city), Peru *" Iceland: Area and Population «^ Industries 254 Ichang, China 429 Iglau, Csecho-Slovakia 240 Ilfov (dept.), Rumania 346 Ille-et- VUaine (dept.), France 263 Iloilo, Philippine islands 645 Imbabura (prov.), Ecuador 161 Imphal, Incfia, British 459 India, British : Advertising Media 4e» Agate • 400 Agriculture ^^ Alum 4oo Amber 4^ Antimony 465 Area and Population 458-459 Asbestos ^Y Automobiles 891 Bauxite 52k Bismuth 465 Cable Rates 407 Chromite 465 Cities, Population 459 Clay .CA_1?S CUmate *^5I Coal ^ 465 Commerce 459-463 Consular Regulations 467 Copper 466 Corundum 466 Cotton 468 Crops 468 Customs Tariff .466-467 Diamonds ^ ,„ 465 Exports MS Graphite • 522 Groundnuts 463 Gypsum • 4O0 INDEX 733 Page India, British (cont.): Imports 459-462 Indigo 463 Industrial Establishments 465 Iron. 465 Irrigation 463 Jadestone 465 Jute ;;; 453 Language 466 Leaa- • 465 Linseed 463 Magneeite 465 Mail Time 467 Manganese 465 Manufactures 464-466 Mica • 465 Minerals 465 Molybdenite 466 Monasite 495 Money Orders 467 Money, Weights and Measures '. 466 Ochre 465 Parcel Post 467 Petroleum 465 Platinum ] 455 Post Offices \\ 466 Postal Rates 457 Precious Stones 465 Production and Industry 463-466 Provinces 453 Railways ] 466 Rape and Mustard 463 5»ce • 463 Roads 466 Salt '.'..'. 465 Saltpetre 465 Sesamum 453 Shipping Routes 466 SUver 465 States 458 Steatite ." 465 Stock Companes 465 Sugar 463 A^^ 463 Telegraphs 466 Textile Industry 464-465 li. '. ■ ■«■» 465 Trade Methods 457 Tungsten 465 Wheat 463 India, French: Agriculture 457 Area and Population 467 Cable Rates 457 Cities, Population 467 Colonies 457 Consular Regulations 467 Customs Tariff 467 Exports 467 Imports 467 Mail Time 457 Manufactures 467 Money Orders 467 Parcel Post 467 Postal Rates 467 Railways 457 Rubber 457 Shipping Routes 467 Textile Industry 467 India. Portuguese: Cable Rates 468 Colonies 468 Consular Regulations 468 Customs Tariff 468 Exports 46g Imports 468 Industries 468 Mail Time '.,],[ 468 Manganese 468 Minerals 468 Money Orders 468 Page Parcel Post 468 Postal Rates .*!!!.!!!!! 468 Railways 468 Salt 468 Shipping Routes 468 Telegraphs ] 468 Indigo, India, British 463 Indigo, Japan ] 473 Indre (dept.), France [[', 263 Indre-et-Loire (dept.), France 263 Innsbruck, Austria 219 Invercargill, New Zealand 620 Inverness (co.), Scotland 402 Iodine, ChUe 146 Ipswich, Australia 602 Iquique, Chile 143 Iquitos, Peru 193 Ireland, Agriculture ,',,. .416, 417 Area and Population 401-402 Barley 416, 417 Beans . 416, 417 Cities, Population 402 Countries 402 Crops ; !416-417 Hay 416, 417 Livestock 416, 417 Oats 416, 417 Peas 416, 417 Potatoes 416, 417 Rye 416 T u *^^^S*- • •• *1^' 417 Irkutsk, Russia 355 Iron: Australia 608 Austria ...!..'!! 224 Belgian Congo 522 Belgium 232 BrazU 136 Chile 146, 147 China 442 Chosen. 488 Colombia 157 Cuba 67 Czecho-Slovakia 245 Dutch East Indies 633 Finland 260 Prance 270 Germany 276, 277, 287 Greece 296 Hungaiy. 302 India, British 465 Italy '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 310 Japan 48O Madagascar 583 Norway 329 Nyasaland Protectorate ...... .' . .' . .' ." . ." 526 Poland 335 Portugal 343 nusaia. 361 Spain 379, 380 Sweden .337 Tunis 589 Turkey . . 393 United Kingdom 417, 418 Venezuela 215 World's Production 696 Isabel Island, Solomon Islands '. 638 Isere (dept.), France 263 Isle of Man, Area and Population 401-402 Isle of Pines, New Caledonia 636 Ispahan, Persia 498 Istna, Italy 2I8 Italian Africa, see Eritrea ;ItaHan Somaliland; Tripoli. Italian Somaliland: ■ Area and Population 590 Commerce 590 Exports 590 Imports 590 I^yestock 590 Wireless Stations 590 I , Page Italy: Advertising Media 312 Agriculture 309 Antimony 310 Area and Population 305-307 Asphalt 310 Automobiles 691 Barley 309 Beans 309 Boric Acid 310 Cable Rates 313 Chemical Industry 311 Cities, Population 307 Commerce 307-309 Consular Regulations 312 Consular Representatives 312 Copper 310 Crops 309 Customs Tariff 312 Dairy Industry 309 Expotts 307-309 Fisheries 310 Forest Resources 310 Gold 310 Imports 307-308 Industrial EstabUshmente 311 Iron 310 Language 312 Lead 310 Mail Time 313 Maiie 309 Manganese 310 Manufactures 310-311 Mercury 310 Metallurgical Industry 310 Mineral fuel 310 Minerals 310 Mining Industry 310 Money Orders 313 Money, Weights and Measures 312 Oats 309 OUve Oil 309 Parcel Post 313 Post Offices 311 Postal Rates 313 Potatoes 309 Production and Industry 309-311 Quarrying 310 Railways 311 XVICC ••••••••«•«••••••••••••••■•••■•• t^v V xCyG ...•...••■■•••••••••• • Ov» Shipping Routes 312 Sugar 309, 311 Sugar beets 309 SuFphur 310 Telegraphs 311 Telephones 312 Textile Industry 310-311 Wheat 309 Wine 309 Zinc 310 Ivanova-VoBneeensk, Russia 365 Ivory, Abyssinia 819 Ivory, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 566 Ivory Coast: Area and Population 571 Cities 571 Commerce 572 -CiXporvs •••■••■••■•••••••••••■■•••••• ^~._ \j\ji\x • •■•••••••••••••••••••••■•••••• w A X uipOi ho • ••••• •••»•«■••■■•••••••••••• "* » Railways 572 Telegraphs 573 Telephones 572 Wireless Stations 572 Iiabal (dept.)« Guatemala 31 Iihevsk. Russia 356 Ismail, Russia 356 J Jaen (city), Spain M© Jaffa, Turkey 396 Page Jaffna, Ceylon. 446 Jaipur, India, British 459 Jalapa (dept.), Guatemala 31 Jalapa (city), Guatemala 31 Jalisco (state), Mexico 14 Jalomitsa (dept.), Rumania 346 Jamaica 83-88 Advertising Media 87 Agriculture 86 Area and Population 83 Automobiles 601 Cable Rates 87 Cacao 88 Climate 83 Coffee 86 Commerce 84-86 Consular Regulations 87 Consular Representatives 88 Customs Tariff 87 Exports 85-86 Forest Resources 87 Imports 84-86 Inoustrial Establishments 87 Islands 88 Manufactures 87 Money Orders 87 Money, Weights and Measures 87 Parcel Post 87 Postal Rates 87 Production and Industry 86-87 Railways 87 Rum 87 Shipping Routes 87 Sugar 86 Telegraphs 87 Telephones 87 Tobacco 86 Jamtland (govt.), Sweden 385 Japan: Advertising Media 491 Agriculture 476-480 Antimony 480 Area and Population 470-471 Automobiles 691 Bamboo 481 Barley 478 Beans 478 Buckwheat 478 Cable Rates 492 Camphor 481 Cities, Population 471 Coal 480 Commerce 471-476 Consular Regulations 492 Consular Representatives 491 Copper ••• 4o0 vJorn ..•••••«••••••••••••••••••••••• '±i o Cotton „ 478 Crops 477^78 Customs Tariff 492 Dairy Industry 480 Electric Plants 485 Electric Railways 490 Emigration 471 Exports 471-476 Fisheries 481 Forest Resouroes 481 Fruit 480 Gas Plants ^85 CiOlQ ....•••••.•.••• %oU xicroi) • ,»,.••,»#••••••••• ^lO Immigration ^_. 471 Imports 471-476 Indigo • 47o Industrial Establishments 482-484 Iron... 480 1 rri^atiOQ ••••■*•••«••••••••••••••••• ^#f Islands 469 Language 4oi Lead 480 Livestock 480 MaU Time 492 1 Page Japan (cont.): Manganese 4go Manufactures '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ".482-485 Millet 47g Minerals. '.'.'.'.'.'.'. ^480^81 Mining Industry 480-481 Money Orders 492 Monev. Weights and Measures ........ 491 Parcel Poet 492 p«f»-, :.:. ::::::;:: 478 Petroleum 450 Poet Offices !!!!!!!!..* 490 Postal Rates 492 Potatoes * . ' 47g Production and Industry ! 476-485 Railways 490 Rape Seed 478 Rice '_ ] ■ ■ 477 Sericulture '.'...'.'.'..'. ;478-479 Shipbuilding 452 Shipping Routes 491 Silk * [ 479 Silver .'.'!.'.!!!!!!! 480 Soya Beans ] . ] ] 473 Steamship Companies ' 482 Steel '.'.'.'..' 481 Sulphur 480 Sweet Potatoes 475 Tea ' ■ ■ ' 479 Telegraphs ][ 490 Telephones [[[ 490 Textile Industry ,\ !484-48o Tobacco ' ' 478 Treaty Rights 469 Wheat ''[ 478 Wireless Stations ....!... 490 Jarvis Island, British Pacific Islands 627 Jassy (dept.), Rumania 346 Jassy (city), Rumania 347 Java Island, Dutch East Indies .[ 628 Jebel Shammar, Emirate of 395 Jeres, Spain \\ 359 Jersey Island, United Kingdom ........ 402 Jerusalem, Palestine ' 396 Jethou (CO.), Ireland 402 Jhtuisi, India, British ].', 459 Jinja, Uganda Protectorate ..!!!!.... 553 Jinotega (dept.), Nicaragua 41 Jinotega (city), Nicaragua ..'. 41 Jinotepe, Nicaragua 41 Joal Senegd, . 573 Jodhpur, India, British 459 Johannesburg, Union of South Africa . .* .* .' ' , .' 529 Johore (State). Malay States, Unfederated . . 495 k. Area and Population 495 Commerce .... ' ' aqs; Koads 4QK w « . - ^uO Jonkoping (govt.), Sweden 385 Jonkoping (city), Sweden 384 Jubbulpore, India, British .' .'. 459 Jugo-SIavia: Agriculture 317-318 Area and Population 314-315 Bariey 317 Cable Rates 319 Cities, Population ....[..'.]'.'.'.'. 315 Coal 317^ 318 Commerce^ . . 315-316 Consular Regulations 319 Copper 317, 318 Corn. 317 Customs Tariff 319 Exports^ 315-316 Forest Resources 317, 318 V°'a . 317, 318 Imports 315-316 Language 319 Leao 317,318 Ligmte . 317, 318 Livestock 317, 318 Manganese 317 Page Jugo-SIavia (cont.): Manufactures 317, 318 Minerals. 317, 318 Money Orders 319 Money, Weights and Measures 319 Oats.. 317 Parcel Post 319 Post Offices 319 Postal Rates 319 Potatoes 317 Production and Industry 317-318 Railways 314, 319 Rye 317 Salt 317 Shipping Routes 319 Steel 317 Telegraphs 319 Telephones 319 Wheat 317 Juigalpa, Nicaragua 41 Jujuy (prov.), Ar^ntina 108 JuUundur, India, British 459 Junin, Argentina 109 Junin (dept.), Peru 192 Jura (dept.), France 263 Jurado (prov.), Colombia 153 Jute, India, British 463 Jute, Taiwan 490 Jutiapa (dept.), Guatemala 31 Jutiapa (city), Guatemala 31 Jutland, Denmark 243 K Kabul, Afgh&nistiiQ 423 Kaewieng (Bismark Archipelago), New Guinea 638 Kagi, Taiwan 4S8 Kagoshima, Japan 471 Kahoolaue Island, Hawaii 640 Kaisarieh, Turkey 396 Kaiser Wilhelm's Land, New Guinea 637 Kaiserslautem, Germany 278 Kaisong, Chosen 486 Kako, Taiwan 488 Kalisi, Poland 333 Kalmar (govt.), Sweden 385 Kalmar (city), Sweden 384 Kaluga (prov.), Russia 354 Kaluga (city), Russia 355 Kamenets-Podolsk, Russia 355 Kamenskaya, Russia 355 Kamenskoye, Russia 355 Kamerun: Agriculture 557 Area and Population 557 Cities, Population 557 Cocoa 557 Commerce 557 Exports 557 Forest Resources 557 Government 557 Imports 557 Kola 557 Livestock 557 Minerals 557 Railways 557 Rubber 557 Telegraphs 557 Kampala, Uganda Protectorate 553 Kanaiawa, Japan 471 Kandahar, Afghanistan 423 Kaudy, Ceylon 446 Kanem, French Equatorial Africa 576 Kan j an (ter.), French Guinea 570 Kansu (prov.), China 429 Kaolack, Senegal 573 Kaolin, Australia 608 Karachi, India, British 459 Karafuto Island, Japan 469, 490 Karibib, Proctorate of Southwest Africa 559 736 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Page Karikal (col.). India, French 467 Karikal (city), India, French 4«7 Karlskrona, Sweden g°* Karlsruhe, Germany *^ Karlstad, Sweden ^ Karonga, Nyasaland Proctorate g^ Kara (prov.), Rxissia ff* Kars (city), Russia . . ^ Kashmir (state), India, Bntish *g» Katanga (prov.), Belgian Congo o^ Kauai Island, Hawaii ^w Kauri-gum, New Zealand oz^ Kaaan (prov.), Russia ^ Kaaan (city), Russia ^ Kecskemet, Hungary Vt" V j j" " * Kedah (state), Malay States, Unfederated: Area and Population f^f Roads \f. Telephones *^^ Keeling Islands, see Cocoa Islands. Keelung, Taiwan vv ; • ; • * / J" Kelantan (state), Malay States, Unfederated: Agriculture *2« Area and Population *^ Cocoanuts *^ Commerce *^ Exports J»6 Forest Resources V^ Imports *^ Livestock *^ Manufactures *^ Minerals *^ Post Offices 4»2 Rice JJJ Roads JJ2 Rubber JJJ Telegraphs *W Telephones *^ Kenitra, Morocco ^^f Kent (CO.), England JOJ Kerbela, Turkey 3^ Kerch, Russia „-i-\ 2x2 Kermadec Islands, New Zealand Jg Kerman, Persia ^^ Kerry (co.), Ireland *"• Khabarovsk, Russia «*» Kharkov (prov.), Russia ^ Kharkov (city), Russia 355, 367 Khartoum, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 5o5 Khartoum North, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan ... 666 Kherson (prov.), Russia fo* Kherson (city), Russia "Jl'. ^^ Kholm (prov.), Russia »^ Kholm (city). Russia «» Khunzakh, Russia 365 Kiangsi (prov.), China **» Kiangsu (prov.), China **| Kiel, Germany. *^ Kiev (prov.), Russia ^ Kiev (city), Russia <>^^' ^' Kigoma, East Africa o4tf Kildare (co.), Ireland 402 Kilkenny (co.), Ireland 402 Kilwa, East Africa 549 Kimberley, Union of South Afnca 5^ Kincardine (co.), Scotland 402 Kinchow, Kwantung 490 King's (CO.), Ireland 402 Kingston, Canada * Kingston, England 402 Kingston, Jamaica J'^ Kinross (co), Scotland |U^ Kinshasa, Belgian Congo 521 Kioga, Lake, Uganda Protectorate 553 Kiongo. East Africa 549 Kirin (dist), China ., 429 Kirkcudbright (co.), Scotland 402 Kishinev, Russia ^^% Kissidugo (ter.), French Guinea 570 Kitchener, Canada ^ Kiukiang, China 4iS» Page Kiungchow, China 429 Kiushiu Island, Japan *»» Klagenfurt. Austria **» Kobe, Japan 471 Kochi, Japan *^J Kofu, Japan 471 Kokura, Japan 471 Kola. Kamerun ^|^ Kolhapur, India, British 459 Kolomna, Russia 356 KoloMvar, Hungary 299 Konakry, French Guinea 570 Kongmoon, China *f^ Koma, Turkey . • • •. 396 Konigliche Weinberge, Ciecho-SIovakia 240 Konigsberg, Germany 278 Konigshutte, Germany f^o Kopparberg (govt.), Sweden 3o5 Korea, see Chosen. . Korhogo. Ivory Coast «^(;« Kortcha, Albania ^J. Korytaa, Greece .• ^" Kostroma (city), Russia ^^ Kostroma (prov.). Russia <»54 Kota Bahru (Kelantan). Malay States 4»b Kota-Kota, Nyasaland Proctectorate 526 Kotonu. Dahomey 56» Kovno (prov.). Russia ^]_»t' ^^ Kovo (city). Russia ooo, 6M Koweit, Sultanate of 395 Kouroussa (ter.). French Guinea '^W Koiani (dept.). Grt-ece ^^ Kosani (city), Greece *»1 Koslov, Russia 355 Kraguyevata, Jugo-SIavia 315 Krasnoyarsk, Russia 355 Krenienchug, Russia 365 Kribi, Kaniorun 567 Kristiania. Norway 3^ Kristiansand. Norway 3z» Kristianstad (govt.). Sweden 385 Kronoberg (govt.), Sweden 385 Krugersdorp, Union of South Afnca 5J9 Krung.Kao (dept), Siam 5w Krung Teb (Bangkok) Dept., Siam 502 Ktema. Cypress 239 Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States 49d Kuala Trengganu (Trengganu), Malay States 496 Kuban (prov). Russia JXT Kumamoto, Japan 471 Kumbakonam. India, British 459 Kunde. French Equatorial Africa 575 Kuopio. Finland 257 Kurdestan, Area and Population 395 Kure, Japan 471 Kuria Muria Islands. Arabia 4/d Kursk (prov.). Russia 354 Kursk (city). Russia 355 Kurume, Japan 471 Kustanai. Russia ,. 35d Kustendil (dist.). Bulgaria ;«30 Kutais (prov.). Russia 354 Kutais (citv) Russia • • • 355, d07 Kwang-Chan-Wan (dist.), French Indo qjjJqh 451 Kwangsi (prov.), China. 429 Kwantung. Area and Population 49" Kwantimg. Industries 490 Kweichow (prov.), China *^ Kyoto. Japan 471 Kyrenia, Cyprus ^39 L Labinskaya. Russia 355 Labrador J^ Lubuan Island, Straits Settlements old Lachine, Canada J^ La Condamine, Monaco 3^ Laeonia (dept.), Greece 291 INDEX 737 Page La Esperanza, Honduras 38 Lagos, Nigeri 557 Lahore, India, British 459 La Libertad (dept.). Salvador S3 Lambayeque (dept.). Peru 192 Lame, French Equatorial Africa 575 Lampongs (dist.), Dutch East Indies 628 Lanai Island, Hawaii 640 Lanark (co.), Scotland 402 Lancaster (co.), England 401 Landes (dept). France 263 Landskrona. Sweden 384 Langenburg. East Africa 549 Laoag, Philippine Islands 645 Laos, French Indo China 451 La Paz (dept.), Bolivia 122 La Paz (city), Bolivia 122 La Paz (dept.). Salvador 53 La Plata, Argentina 109 Lara (state). Venezuela 209 Laraiche, Morocco 592 Larissa (dept), Greece 291 Larissa (city). Greece 291 La Rioja (prov.), Argentina 108 Larnaca, Cyprus 239 La Serena, Chile 143 Lashkar, India, British 459 Lasithion (dept.). Greece 291 Las Palmas. Spain 369 Las Tablas. Panama 48 Latacunga. Ecuador 161 Latvia. New Russian State 364-365 La Union. Salvador 53 Launceston, Tasmania 602 Laurium, Greece 291 La N'ictoria, Venezuela 209 Lead: Australia 608 Austria 223, 224 Belgium 233 Bolivia 125 Chile 146 China 442 Czecho-Slovakia 245 France 270 Germany 287 Greece 296 Hungary 302 India, British 465 Italy 310 Japan 480 Jugo-Sla\na 317, 318 Mexico 19 Peru 196, 198 Poland 335 Portugal 343 Russia 361 Spain 379, .380 Sweden 387 Tunis 589 Union of South Africa 542 United Kingdom 418 Lebu, Chile 143 Lecce (prov.), Italy 306 Leeds. England 402 Leeuwarde. Netherlands 322 Leeward Islands. British West Indies 88-90 Area and Population 88 Cable Rates 90 Climate 89 Commerce 88 Consular Regulations 90 Customs Tariff 90 Exports 88 Imports 88 Money Orders 90 Money, Weights and Measures 90 Parcel Post 90 Production and Industry 89-90 Shipping Routes 90 Page Leeward Islands, French Pacific Islands 636 I^ghom (Livomo), Italy 307 Le H&vre, France [\[\ 263 Leicester (co.), England 401 Leiden, Netherlands 322 Leinster, Ireland 402 Leipzig, Germany 278 Leiria (dist.), Portugal , , [[ 333 Leitrim (co.), Ireland 402 Lemberg, Poland 333 Lentib, Spain .'. .'. . 380 Leon (prov.), Ecuador, 161 Leon, Mexico 14 Leon, Nicaragua 42 Leon (prov.), Spain 370 Lerida (prov.), Spain 370 Leskovatz, Jugo-Slavia 315 Les Saintes Island, French West Indies . . . . . 78 Leyte Island, Philippine Islands 645 Liaotung, Japan 459 Libau (city), Russia 365 Libava, Russia 355 Libertad (dept.) , Peru 192 Liberia: Area and Population 591 Banks 591 Cables 591 Commerce 591 Communications [ , , ] 591 Exports [[[ 591 Forest Resources 591 Imports 591 Language 591 Minerals 591 Money, Weights and Measures . . . . . . '. . 591 Production and Industry 591 Roads 591 Rubber ] . 591 Waterwas^ '. . 591 Liberia, Costa Rica , . . . 26 Liberville, French Equatorial Africa. . . '. '.. '. 575 Liechtenstein, Area and Population 320 Liege (prov.), Belgium 230 Liege (city), Belgium 230 Liegnitz, Germany 278 Lifou Island, New Caledonia ! 637 Lignite: Austria 224 Czecho-Slovakia 245 France [ 270 Germany 287 Greece 296 Hungary 302 Jugo-Slavia 317, 318 Spam 380 Tunis 589 Liguria (dept.), Italy 305 Lihou Island, United Kingdom 402 Lille, France 263 Lima (prov.), Peru 192 Lima (city), Peru 193 Limasol, Cyprus 239 Limbourg (prov.), Belgium 230 Limburg (prov.), Netherlands 321 Lime: Chile. ... i±ti Union of South Africa 542 Limenck (co.), Ireland 402 Limestone, Australia 608 Limon (prov.), Costa Rica 26 Limon (city), Costa Rica 26 Linares (prov.), Chile 143 Linares (city), Chile 143 Linares, Spain 369 Lincoln (co.), England 401 Linden, Germany 278 Lindi, East Africa 549 Linkoping, Sweden ; 384 Linlithgow (co.), Scotland 402 Linseed: Argentina 115 c 738 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDEX 739 *,< Pace LiDseed (cont.)- ^co India. British *JJ Uruguay oifl Lin«, Austria • %oa Lisbon (dist.), Portugal ^ Lisbon (city), Portugal. . . ^^ Lithuania. New Russian State -JJJ Little Elobey Island. Spanish Alnca ow Little Popo, Togo 2J" Liverpool, England Livestock: gjg Abyssinia gyg Algeria ••••;••• 404 Andaman Islands ~^ Argentina • • ;; [gQS.eO? Australia 223 Austria g25 Basutoland. .... • • •• coi; Bechuanaland Protectorate |*^ Belgian Congo 231 Belgium ; jgg Brssil 238 Bulgaria 4 Canada • ' ' " ' 450 Ceylon 149 Chile 441 China ; ; 4g7 Chosen jgj Colombia gy Cuba • : 243 Csecho-Slovakia 250 Denmark ^49 East Africa 254 Faroe Islands «»« Fiji Islands 259 Finland 269 France. .-q eyt French Guinea **'"• Yii French Indo China ^ Germany 294 Greece 515 Guam Island ?«• Guiana, British J^j Hawaii ^g Honduras 3Q2 Hungary ^^a 4^7 Ireland • ' cgn Italian Somaliland ^g^ Japan 557 Kamerun iv ; • • «/ 1 4QA Kelantan (state) , Malay States *«» Malta 19 Mexico 324 Netherlands ggg New Caledonia -22 New Zealand 'j-:-'\ in Newfoundland and Labrador *^ Nicaragua 329 Norway 525 Nyasaland Protectorate -. Panama t gg 157 Paraguay • • * ^o'i Perlis (state), Malay States *^^ Peru , 651 Philippine Islands 3^5 Poland 342 Portugal • ■ • • ; Vcj> Protectorate of Southwest Africa ^ Rhodesia, Southern %^ Seychelles Islands Jgg Siam ggi Spain • COR Swaziland Protectorate gj Sweden oqq Switzerland 490 Taiwan ggo Togo ;; 589 Tunis • •. 640 Union of South Africa Air Aift United Kingdom 574 Upper Senegal and Niger ^'* Ps«e Livestock (cont.): ^^ Uruguay gii Veneiuela ***» Livingston. Guatemala 31 Livonia (prov.). Russia 354 Livorno Tpro\.), Italy 30o LlanquihuA (prov.), Chile 1« Loanda, Angola :•••••.• ?zl Loango, French Equatorial Africa o70 Lodz, Poland WJ Logrono (prov.), Spain 37U Loire-etrCher (dept.), France 268 Loire (dept). France M3 Loire-Inferieure (dept), France 2o3 Loiret (dept ), France 263 Loja (city), Ecuador Joi Lomas de Zamora, Argentina IW Lombardy (dept), Italy 305 Lombok (dist.), Dutch East Indies o28 London, Canada * London (co), England. 40l London (city), England *jg Londonderry (co.), Ireland «02 Long Island. British West Indies 59 Longford (co), Ireland *02 Lorca. Spain . . . . • . • • • ■ ^ Lord Howe Islands, Sol omon Islands ••:••. 5x2 Lorengate (Admiralty Islands). New Guinea 638 Lore^o (dept.), Peru }»* Los Angeles, Chile J*^ Los Andes (ter), Argentina i"» Los Rios (prov.), Ecuador • • lol Los Santos (prov.), Panama 4° Los Santos (city), Panama « Lot (dept), France ^^ Lot-et-Garonne (dept), France j^^ Louisiades Islands, Papua o^ Louth (CO.). Ireland *"• Louvain. Belgium *Yq Lower Austria (prov). Austria ^J» Lower California (terr.), Mexico »* Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia 637 Lozdre (dept.), France *1^ Lubeck, Germany ^1^ Lublin, Poland ^^g Lucca (prov.), Italy ^^ Lucca (city). Italy ^"' Lucea, Jamaica / "o* ' lil ' * 11 Luderitzbucht, Protectorate of Southwest Africa J^ Lucknow, India, British *^^ Ludwigshafen, Germany •'" Lugansk. Russia ^^f. Lugo (prov.), Spain ^'" Lumber: ^.^yv Australia "X3 Austria f 2« Borneo tS Comoro Islands ^^ Finland ' «S} Philippine Islands °2i Siam 5S Lund, Sweden ^ Lunda (dist.), . Angola ^ Lungchow, China - g^ Luque, Paraguay •••-•. i^O Luxembourg (prov.), Belgium |^y Luxemburg «.« Area and Population |Jg Commerce 2.q Iron «.« Railways • • • • 2i? Luzern (canton). Switzerland. ^ii Luzon Island. Philippme Island ^^ Lyon, France '^ M Macao Island. Area and Population JJJ Macao (city). Macao Island ♦•J Macedonia, Greece f*l Maceio, Brazil *^ Page Macenta (ter.), French Guinea 570 Macerata (prov.), Italy 306 Machala, Ecuador 161 Madagascar: Agriculture 583 Area and Population 580 Automobiles 583 Cable Rates 584 Cities, Population 580 Commerce 580-583 Consular Regulations 584 Consular Representatives 584 Customs TariflF 584 Exports 680-583 Forest Resources 583 Gold 583 Imports 680-582 Iron 583 Livestock 583 Mail Time 584 Manufactures 583 Minerals 583 Money Orders 584 Native Tribes 580 Parcel Post 584 Platinum 583 Postal Rates 584 Postal Service 583 Precious Stones 583 Production and Industry 583 Railways 583 Roads 583 Shipping Routes 584 Silver 583 Telegraphs 584 Telephones 584 Wireless Stations 584 Madan^ (Kaiser Wilhelm's Land). New Gumea 637 Maderia Islands, Portugal 338 Madras (states), India, British 458 Madras (prov.), India, British 458 Madras (city), India, British 459 Madre de Dios (dept), Peru 192 Madrid (prov.), Spain 370 Madrid (city), Spain Madura, India, British 369 459 Madura Island, Dutch East Indies 628 Maestricht, Netherlands 322 Magallanes Territory, Chile 143 Magdeburg, Germany 278 Magnesite: Greece 296 India, British 465 Union of South Africa 542 Maguey, Philippine Islands 651 Mahe (col.), India, French 467 Mahe Island, Seychelles Islands 550 Mahrisch Ostrau, Czecho-Slovakia . . . . 240 Maikop, Russia 355 Maine-et-Loire (dept.), France 263 Mains, Germany Maisonneuve. Canada 278 1 Maize: Argentina 115 Australia 603-604 Austria 223 France 269 Italy 309 Rumania 350 Uruguay 205 Malacca, Straits Settlements 609 Malaca (prov.), Spain 370 Mala|^ (city), Spain 369 Malaita Island, Solomon Idands fia« Malay States, Federated, see Federated Malay States. Malay States, Non-federated: Agriculture 495,496 Area and Population 495 Commerce 495.496 Malay States, Non-federated (cont Exports Imports Livestock Rice Roads Rubber Maldive Islands Maldonado, Peru Maldonado (dept.), Uruguay. . Maleren, Lake (govt.), Sweden Malines (Mechlin), Belgium Malleco (prov.), Chile Malmo, Sweden Malmohus (govt.), Sweden. Malta Island: Agriculture Area and Population . . Commerce Cotton Currency Customs TariflF Exports Fisheries Fruit Imports Language Livestock Production and Industry Railways Telephones Mamasgaii, Uganda Protectorate Manabi (prov.), Ecuador. . . Managua, Nicaragua Manama, Bahrein Islands.. '. Manangary, Madagascar Manaos, Brazil Manche (dept.). France. ...'. Manchester, England Manchuria (dist.), China..., Mandalay, India, British Mandeville, Jamaica Manganese: Australia Brazil Canada Costa Rica Cuba France Greece Hungary India, British , India, Portuguese Italy Japan Jugo-Slavia * . ' New Zealand Panama Spam Sweden , Tunis ',] Turkey Mangareva Island, GambieV Manila, Philippine Islands . . Manitoba (prov.), Dominion Manizales, Colombia Manjack, Barbadoes Manjack, Trinidad Mannheim, Germany Mansura, Egypt Mantova (prov.), Italy Manua Island, Samoan Islands Manzanillo, Cuba Maracaibo, Venezuela Marakesh, Morocco Maranhao (state), Brazil Marble, Greece Marcantsetra, Madgascar. . . Marches (dist.), Italy Mar del Plata, Argentina . . . Mare Island, New Caledonia Islands of Canada Page 495. 496 495. 496 495. 496 495. 496 495. 496 495. 496 451 192 202 385 230 143 384 385 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 553 161 42 424 580 128 263 402 429 459 83 608 133. 135 6 29 67 270 296 302 465 468 310 480 317 623 51 380 387 589 398 636 645 1.4 153 61 103 278 561 305 638 63 209 592 128 296 580 306 109 637 I *. I 1 f.i 740 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS Page Marianne Islands. Pacific Islands . 615 Marie Galante Islands, Irench Indies {» Mariupol. Russia ■•■■••••■„■■.■■■, ^9^ Marlborough (prov.). New Zealand biy Marne (dept.) , France •■•■■•■.,:■ y :■[■ ■ i^ Marquesas Islands, French Pacific Islands. . . 63b Marseille, France . ... •••••• ^^7 Marshall Islands, Pacific Islands ow Martinique. »^ ^^ Area and Population « J Automobiles "^i Cable Rates J^ Commerce no Consular Regulations «* Customs Tariff Zt Exports Xf Imports : • q. Industrial Establishments »* Manufactures • • • ^^ Money, Weights and Measures »^ Rum Q9 Shipping Routes |* Sugar... .-. Manigame. Japan '• * Masaya, Nicaragua. .. ••.••■•,••. flit Masbate Island, Philippine Islands o«o Maseru. Basutoland. .•■••■ ^ Massa e Carrara (prov.), Italy ^w Massawah, Eritrea. . . ■•• — .•••; J?V Massua. Italian Somahland (Eritrea) ol& Matagalpa (dept.). Nicaragua 4A Matagalpa (city), Nicaragua «* Matam, Senegal • • ■ • • **«» Matanzas (prov.), Cuba ?? Matanzas (city), Cuba "^ Matapa, Nicaragua *f Matsumoto. Japan *' J Matsuyama. Japan |* J Matsuye, Japan •••■••••••.,■ Vqo Matto Grosso (state). Brazil *^ Maturin, Venezuela fV^ Maui Island, Hawaii Yl^ Maule (prov.), Chile J*^ Mauretania, Area and Population «>'* Mauritius: jy;^ Cables *to Commerce _ ,q ppo^S ::: 550 Imports ggQ Population •• 550 Ja»l^'^y8 . 550 Sugar -cQ Telegraphs •■•••• gg MavIgul^^a°lSand,' BritishWest Indies 59 Mayenne (dept.), France ^^ Mayebashi, Japan .^^ Mayo (CO.), Ireland • • • JVf Mayotte Island, Comoro Islands »»? Mazagan, Morocco ^2, Mazatenango, Guatemala ^* Mazico (dist.), Angola Meat Industry: jj^ Argentina 133 ?f^" 2(H, 205 Uruguay '"'• .^o Meath (co), Ireland ™| Mecca, Hedjaz . . ._ ^gg Mechedissar, Persia - _- Medellin. Colombia Ifi Mediva, Hedjaz *^° Meerut, India, British T^J^ Mehedintsi (dept)., Rumania JJ^ Meknes, Morocco . ._ g^o Melbourne, Australia. •••:•_•,•. roq Menada (dist.), Dutch East Indies o^ Mendoza (prov.). Argentina *^ Mendoza (city), Argentma ^29 Mengtsz, China. jqq Mercedes, Argentina 202 Mercedes, Uruguay ■•■■• ■-■\\ 701 Merchant Tonnage of the World '"* Pago Mercury: -^„ Hungary ^Yn K„" ;.■.■.;:::::::::: m sp™n.... ■..■.:::■..: 379,380 Merida, Mexico „j\* Merida (stete), Venezuela *"» Merida (city). Venezuela fW Merioneth (co.). Wales 401 Merowe, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan o^ xMeshed. Persia ,. ^ Mesopotamia, Area and Population ^ Messina (prov.), Italy ^"^ Messina (city), Italy 307 . Messenia. Greece fzi Meta (int.) , Colombia . ... . . . . • • ; • ; l^ Metallurgical Industry, United Kingdom. ... jUO Meurthe-et-Moselle (dept.), France 2W Meuse (dept.), France ^ Mwanza, East Africa ^^ Mexico: „. Advertising Media *^ Agriculture *2 Area and Population ** Automobiles "^^ Cities, Population J* Climate " Commerce '■^ ~^\ Consular Regulations ^J Consular Representatives ,t fa Copper '\q Cotton 4i Customs Tariff f^ Exports 1*-}' Forest Resources J^ Gold \l Henequen , . *2 Imports l*-;2 India Rubber \^ Industrial Establishments *» Lead... \l Livestock \° Manufactures ,_ J° Minerals 1', 1» Money Orders . ^ Money, Weights and Measures ^ Parcel Post f^ Petroleum J' 10 Production and Industry * ix Post Offices S Postal Rates |" Railways fr Shipping Routes f * Silver }5 Sugar.. J» Telegraphs. » Textile Industry "* Wireless Stations ^ Mexico (state), Mexico ** Mexico (city), Mexico J* Mica, India, British *o^ Mica, Nyasaland Protectorate 0^ Michoacan (state), Mexico. ...••• 1* Middle Congo Colony, French Equatorial Africa °' Middlesex (co). England JJl Milan (Milano). Italy »J(' Milano (prov.). Italy ^° France ^? Egypt J5I fe;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::38o.38i Minas (dept.), Uruguay. f^ Minas Geraes (state). BrasU. "» Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands 0*0 Mindoro Island, Philippine Islands <>**> Mining Industry: Australia ' Sn France 5^ Germany ***' INDEX Page Mining Industry (cent.): Japan 480, 481 Union of South Africa 641, 542 Mining Stores, Union of South Africa 539 Minsk (prov.), Russia 354, 364 Minsk (city), Russia 355, 364 Minya, Egypt 561 Miquelon 12 Miranda (state). Veneiuela 209 Misiones (ter.). Ar^ntina 108 Mitau (city), Russia 365 Mitava, Russia 355 Mito, Japan 471 Mitre Islands. Solomon Islands 638 Moca. Dominican Republic 73 Modena (prov.). Italy 306 Modena (city), Italy 307 Modling, Austria 219 Mogador. Morocco 592 Moghilev (provO, Russia 354 Moheli Island. Comoro Islands 584 Mohilev-on-Dniepr, Russia 355 Mohilev-on-Dniestr. Russia 355 Moji, Japan 471 Moiunga. Madagascar 580 Moldava (dept.), Rumania 346 Molokai Island. Hawaii 640 Molucca Islands. Dutch East Indies 628 Molybdenite: Australia 608 India, British 465 Molybdenum, Peru 198 Mombasa, British East African Protectorate. 548 Mommerah, Persia 498 Monaco: Area and Population 320 Cities, Population 320 Monaco (city), Monaco 320 Monagas (state), Veneiuela 209 Monaghan (co.), Ireland 402 Monastir. Jugo-Slavia 315 Monaiite. India. British 465 Moncton. Canada 1 Money Orders: Abyssinia 620 AfghAnistto 424 Algeria 579 Angola 597 Argentina 120 Australia 616 Austria 226 Aaores 228 Bahama Islands 59 Baldchist An 425 Barbados 61 Belgian Congo 523 Belgium 234 Bohvia 126 Bulgaria 239 Cape Verde Islands 598 Ceylon 451 ^^■^IvSU •••••••«•■••••••••••■••••••••• X9X ^^UUf7 « ••••••••••••••••••■•■••••••••• XOX China 444 Colombia 159 Costa Rica 30 Csecho-Slovalda 246 • Denmark 254 Dominican Republic 77 Dutch East Indies 635 Ecuador 167 Egypt 566 Federated Malay States 495 Fiji Islands 617 Finland 261 France 273 Fn>nch Indo China 466 French West Africa 569 Germany 288 Greece 297 Guam Island 616 741 Page Money Orders (cont.) : Guatemala 37 Guiana. British i70 Guiana, Dutch . • igi Guiana, French [ 182 Haiti g2 Hawaii 543 Honduras !.!.!!!.'. 40 Hungan^ ] , ,' 303 India. British 467 India, French .', 467 India, Portuguese 468 Italy 313 Jamaica 87 Japan 492 Jugo*Slavia 319 Leeward Islands 90 Madagascar 534 Mexico 21 Morocco ,.\ 596 Netherlands 326 New Caledonia 637 New Guinea 633 New Hebrides Islands 617 New Zealand 626 Nicaragua ,' . .' 47 Norway 331 Panama .' 52 Paraguay 190 Persia 501 Peru 200 Philippine Islands 664 Poland 336 Porto Rico 100 Portugal ,.... 344 Portuguese Guinea 599 Rumania 351 Russia ......'. 363 S. Thom6 and Principe 599 Salvador 53 Samoan Islands * 639 Siam ; ; ; 508 Spain 383 Straits Settlements 513 Sweden [] 339 Switzerland '.."..'.'. 394 Tonga Islands ." .' 627 Trinidad ' 103 Tunis ;;.; 590 Turkey . . 399 Union of South Africa 547 United Kingdom 422 United States service with foreign countries 686 Uruguay 207 Venezuela 2I6 Mongolia .'...!,'!!! 429 Monmouth (co.). England ...!.'......!!!!!'. 401 Mono Island, Solomon Islands 638 Monrovia, Liberia 591 Mons, Belguim 230 Monfte Cario. Monaco ] 32O Monte Cristi (im)v.). Dominican Republic ... 73 Montego Bay, Jamaica 83 Montenegro .314, 315, 318 Monterey, Mexico 14 Montevideo (dept.), Uruguay. .'. ..........'. 202 Montevideo (city), Uruguay 202 Montgomery (co.), Wales 401 Montreal, Canada 1 Montserrat Island, West Indies .......... . . 88-89 Moorea Island, Society Islands 636 Moosejaw, Canada 1 Moquegua (prov.), Peru 193 Moquegua (city), Peru 193 Moradabad, India, British 459 Morant Bay. Jamaica 83 Moravia (prov.), Czecho-Slovakia 219, 240 Morazan (dept.). Salvador 53 Morbihan (dept.). France 263 More (dist.). Norway 327 742 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDEX Pftg« 14 471 637 595 502 i< Morelos (state), Menco ISorot'iKK Wiihdm'.lWndV, Ne,Gui«. Morocco: Agriculture Area and Population ^^ Automobiles j^g^ Cable Rates. 592 Cities, Population 593-594 Commerce ...••. tog Consular Regulations. ,95 Consular Representatives ggg Customs Tariff 593-594 Exports 595 Fisheries 595 Forest Resources ^92 Government 593-594 Imports 596 Mail Time 595 Manufactures 595 Minerals. 595 Money Orders ; •. ; ' " '_:.: fjQH 596 Money. Weight and Measures 596 Parcel Post 595 Postal Rates 595 Postal Service Production Railways Roads Shipping Routes . . . Telegraphs Tdephones Wireless Stations.. Morshansk, Russia. . ... Moscow (prov.), Russia Moscow (city) , Russia . Mossamedes. Angola gjg Mostar, Jugo-Slavia 395 Mosul, Turkey . . - 355 Motovilikha, Russia. .. . .. . • ■.:• 424 Muharrak Island, Bahrein Wands J^ Muharrak (town), Bahrein Islands JJ^ Mulai Idris, Morocco. 078 Mulheim-on-Rhme, Germany ^^ Mulheim-on-Ruhr, Germany ^ ^g Multan, India, British 278 Munchen Gladbach, Germany 278 278 402 370 369 407 346 Napoli (prov.), Itoly Naphtha, Russia Nara. Japan i ;• \ Nassau, Bahama Islands Natal, Bra«il • • • • • • ■■::■■ Natal (prov.). Union of South Africa. Page 306 361 471 50 128 529 370 346 493 645 ice cQc and Industry ^'^ 695 596 595 595 595 355 354 355 597 Munich (Munchen), Germany. Munster, Germany. . . Munster, Ireland...... Murcia (prov.).Sp.am Murcia (city), Spain.. Muscat, Oman. .••••• ^_„ Muschel (dept ), Rumania ^^y Muttrak. Oman . . . ... • • • • ■ ; • 45g Mysore (state). India. British ^g Mysore (city). India. British ^^ Mytilene (dept), Greece Navarra (prov.), Spain ^^^ Nawa, Japan . . -, NeamUu (dept.). Rumania . ;; , • a: . • • Negri Sembilan(8Ute).FedeTat4jd Malay States NegroB Island. Philippine Islands ^^ Neid and Hasa, Emirate of ^^ Nelson (prov.). New Zealand ^^ Nelson (city). New Zealand o^ Netherlands: 305 Advertising Media loxA^ Agriculture ^^21 Area and Population ^JJ Automobiles 325 Barley ,26 CableRates ^g Canals 'VX2 Cities. Population JJg Cominewe." ''.'.'.'.\.'. ^^"?S Consular Regulation* ^^ Cropa .• • 325 Customs Tariff 322-323 Exports 325 Fis^^T" 322-323 Imports *** XXi Industrial EsUblishments gj Language ^24 Livestock »oA MaU Time *f2 Manufactures ^**'^ Minerals Money Orders Money, Weights and Measures ....... |^ Oats gj Parcel Post 2S Postal Rates jg Potatoes •■,•,••., ^9i_'?2'> Production and Industry ^/d ^^o Provinces 325 g^" :::::: 325 Rye qoA Shipping Routes ^'V Sugar beets 305 Telegraphs gjg 291 Nabi Saleh Island. Bahrein Islands gj Naga, Philippine Islands ^yj Nagano, Japan ^fi Nagaoka, Japan 459 Nagpur, India, British jOO Nagy Varad, Hungary ^qj grrB'ruth'SAWc,BP«Uctor.ie;.: M| Nakhicbevan-on-Don, Russia ^ Nakom Chaisri (dept ). Siam ?J^ Nakorn Rachasima (dept.), Siam Sg^ Nakom Sawan (dept.). Siam ^ Nakorn Stritamarat (dept.). Siam ^^ Namur (prov.). Belgium 23O Namur (city). Belgium 263 Nancy, France 429 Nankmg. China 263 Nantes, France . 620 Napier, New Zealand 3^7 Naples (Napoh). Italy 325 326 326 Telephones „«- Textile Industry ^S Waterways i^ Wheat fjS Neuquen (ter.). Argentina *Y? Nevis Island, West Indies. ...... .... •••••• ^U^'Z New BriUin Island. Bismarck Archipelago^ . New Brunswick (prov.) Donriinion of Canada New Caledonia Island, French Pacific Islands. 637 1.4 Agriculture. 636 Agricuiiurc fljy. Area and Population ^ Cable Rates Chrome ore Dependencies Forest Resources Imports 637 636 636-637 636 636 636 Livestock ^3^ Manufactures Minerals Monev Orders. . . Nickel Parcel Post Postal Rates .... Railways Rum Shipping Routes . Steel Telegraphs Telephones Tobacco 636 637 636 637 637 636 636 636 636 636 636 636 Page New Georgia Island, Solomon Island 638 New Guinea Island, Pacific Islands 637 Cable Rates 638 Consular Regulations 638 Mail Time 638 Money Orders 638 Parcel Post 638 Postal Rates 638 Shipping Routes 638 New Hebrides Islands: Area and Population 617 Cables 617 Exports 617 Imports 617 Mail Time 617 Money Orders 617 Parcel Post 617 Postal Rates 617 New Ireland Island, Bismarck Archipelago . . 637 New Pl3Tnouth, New Zealand 620 New Providence Island. British West Indies 69 New South Wales (state), Australia 601 New Westminster, Canada 1 New Zealand: Advertising Media 625 Agriculture 622 Antimony 623 Area and Population 610 Automobiles 691 Barley 622 Cable Rates 626 Chrome ore 623 Cities, Population 619 Climate 618 Coal 623 Commerce 620-622 Consular Regulations. 626 Consular Representatives 626 Copper 623 Customs Tariff 626 Exports 620-622 Forest Resources 622 Gold 623 Hematite 623 Imports 620-621 Industrial Establishments 624-625 Islands 619, 626 Kauri-gum 623 Language 625 Livestock 622 Mail Time 626 Manganese 623 Manufactures 624-625 Minerals 623 Money Orders 626 Money, Weights and \f easures 625 North Island 610 Oats 622 Parcel Post 626 Postal Rates 626 Production and Industry 622-625 Provincial Districts 610 RaUways 625 Scheelite (tungsten) 623 Shale 623 Shipping Routes 625 Silver 623 South Island 610 Sulphur 623 Telegraphs 625 ^eat 622 „ Wool 622 Newcastle, Australia 602 Newcastle, England 402 Newchang, China 429 Newfoundland and Labrador 10-12 Agriculture 10 Area and Population 10 Automobiles 691 Commerce 10-12 743 Page Newfoundland and Labrador (cont ): g.^PO'^ 11,12 Fisheries jq Imports '..'..'.'..'.'. 10, 11 Livestock 10 Minerals jq Money, Weights and Measures ........ 12 Post Offices 12 Railways. '.y.'.iy.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.['.'.[[ 12 Telegraphs 12 Telephones ......' 12 Nianing, Senegal . . 573 Nicaragua 41-47 Agriculture 45 Area and Population 41 Automobiles ..'..'....'. 691 Cable Rates 47 Cities, Population [ ,\ 41 Climate ' ' ' ' 41 Cocoa '......[ 46 Coffee .'............'. 46 Commerce 42—4.5 Consular Regulations 47 Consular Representatives 47 Customs Tariff 47 5*P«^a^ '.'.'.'•'. A2, 45, 46 rorest Resources 46 Gold :.■;■.■;;;■ JS Imports. ; .42, 43, 44 Industrial Establishments 46 Livestock 46 Manufactures ' . , ] 46 Money Orders ...'.'. 47 Money, Weights and Measures ........ 46 Parcel Poet 47 Post Offices ....'...'.'. 47 Postal Rates 47 Production and Industry 46 Railroads 46 Shipping Routes 47 Sugar 46 Telegraphs 46 Telephones 46 Nice, France 263 Nickel: Germany 287 Greece 296 New Caledonia 636 Norway 329 Nicobar Islands 424 Nicosia, Cyprus 239 Nictheroy, Brazil 128 Nidwald (canton), Switzerland 391 Niivre (dept.), France 263 Niger Territory (Zinder-Chad) 574 Nigeria; Area and Population 557 Commerce 557-558 Cotton 558 Currency 558 Exports 557-558 Imports 557-558 Minerals 558 OU, Palm 558 Ports 558 Post Offices 558 Postal Service 558 Production and Industry 558 Railways 558 Roads 558 Telegraphs 558 Telephones 558 Niigata, Japan 471 Niihau Islands, Hawaii 640 Nikolayev, Russia 355 Nikshitch, Jugo-Slavia 315 Nimeguen, Netherlands 322 Ningpo. China 429 Nish, Jugo-Slavia 315 Nitrates, Chile 146 i I I 744 EXPORTERS GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS M Page Niahnii Novgorod (prov.). Russia 354 Nizhnii, Novgorod (city), Russia ^ Ni«nhe, TagUsk. Russia ^oo Nikolskoye. Russia ....;.••••. ^ N'Jale, French Equatorial Afnca g' 197 Tungsten igg Vanadium 196, 198 Wheat 197 _ Z»nc 196, 198 Perugia (prov.), Italy 306 Perugia (city), Italy 307 Pesaro e Urbino (prov,), Italy. . . 3O6 Peshawar. India. British 459 Petchabun (dept). Siam 502 Peterborough^ Canada 1 Petnkovka Russia 355 Fetrograd (prov.), Russia 354 Petrograd (city), Russia 355 Petroleum: Angola 597 Argentina 117 Page Petroleum (cont.) Bolivia i25 Canada .!.!.!!! 6 Colombia ][[, 157 Curayao !...!. 70 Dutch East Indies !.!!!. 633 Germany 277, 285 India, British 465 Japan 48O Mexico 17, 18 Persia 499, 500 Peru. 196. 198 Poland 335 Rumania 350 Russia 361 Trinidad 103 Turkey 393 Venezuela 215 World's Production 697 Petrozavadsk, Russia ; . . . 355 Pforzheim. Germany 278 Philippine Islands: Advertising Media 653 Agriculture 651 Area and Population 645 Automobiles 691 Cable Rates 654 Cacoa 651 Cities, Population 645 Climate 644 Cocoanuts 651 Coffee 651 Commerce 645-650 Copra 651 Corn 651 Crops 651 Exports 645-650 Forest Resources 651 Gold 651 Hemp 651 Imports 645-649 Industrial Establishments 652-653 Islands 645 Language 653 Livestock 651 Maguey 651 Mail Time 654 Lumber 651 Manufactures 651-653 Minerals 651 Money Orders 654 Money, Weights and Measures 653 Parcel Post 654 Post Offices 653 Postal Rates 654 Production and Industry 651-653 Railways 653 Rjce 651 Shipping Routes 654 Sugar 651, 652 Telegraphs 653 Tobacco 651 , Wireless Stations 653 Philippopolis. Bulgaria 236 Phocis, Greece 291 Phoenix Islands, British Pacific Islands 627 Phosphate, Tunis 589 Phosphorus, Taiwan 490 Phthiotis (dept.), Greece 291 Piacenza (prov.), Italy 306 Piacenza (city), Italy 307 Piauhy (state), Brazil 128 Pichincha (prov.), Ecuador 161 Pico Island, Azores 226 Piedmont (dept.), Italy 305 Pietermaritzburg, Union of South Africa .... 529 Pilsen, Czecho-Slovakia 240 Pinar del Rio (prov.), Cuba 63 Pinar del Rio (city), Cuba 63 Pineapples. Hawaii 642 Pingyang, Chosen 486 I . 748 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDEX > ^ I Page Pinsk. Russia 865 Piraeus, Greece 291 Piaa (prov.). Italy 306 Pisa (city), Italy 307 Pisanulok (dept.), Siam 502 Pitcairn Island, British Pacific IsIandB 627 Pitzewo, KwantuDg 490 Piura (dept), Peru 192 Piura (city), Peru 192 Platinum: Australia 608 Brazil 136 Colombia 157 India, British 466 Madagascar 683 Russia 361 Spain 379 Plauen, Germany 278 Plenician, Algeria 678 Pleven (dist), Bulgaria 236 Plevna, Bulgaria 236 Ploesti, Rumania 347 Plovdiv (Philippopolis) (dist.), Bulgaria 236 Plumbago, Ceylon 460 Plymouth, Tobago 101 Podgoritza, Jugo-Slavia 315 Podolia (prov.), Russia 364 Podor, Senegal 673 Pointe-A-Pitre, Guadeloupe 78 Poland: Agriculture 334-335 Area and Population 333 Cable Rates 336 Cities, Population 333 Coal 336 Commerce 333 Consular Regulations 336 Customs Tariff 336 Exports 333 Imports 333 Industrial EstabUshmenta 335 Iron 335 Language 335 Lead 335 Livestock 335 Mail Time 336 Manufactures 335 Metallurgical Industry 335 Minerals 335 Money Orders 336 Money, Weights and Measures 336 Parcel Post 336 Petroleum 335 Petroleum Products 335 Post Offices 335 Postal Rates 336 Potassium Salts 335 Production and Industry 334 Railways 332, 335 Salt 335 S^hipping Routes 336 Sugar 334 Telegraphs 335 Telephones 335 Textile Industry 335 Zinc 335 Polonnoye, Russia 356 Polotsk, Russia 355 Poltava (prov.), Russia 354 Poltava (city), Russia 355, 367 Pondichery (col), India, French 467 Pondichery (city), India, French 467 Pontevedra (prov.), Spain 370 Poona, India, British 459 Port Alexander, Angola 597 Port Antonio, Jamaica 83 Port Arthur, Canada 1 Port Arthur, Kwantung ; 490 Port Arthur, Liaotung. 469 Port Blair, Andaman Islanda 424 Pac« Port Elisabeth. Union of South Africa 620 Port Harcourt, Nigeria 668 Port Herald. Nyasaland Protectorate 626 Port Louis, Mauritius 550 Port Maria, Jamaica 83 Port Moresby (Papua), New Guinea 637 Port of Spain, Trinidad 100 Port Said, Egypt 661 Port Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 565 Portalegre (dist.), Portugal 338 Porto (dist.), Portugal 338 Porto Alegre, Brazil 128 Porto Maurizio (prov.), Italy 305 Porto Novo, Dahomey 569 Porto R«, Jiigo-Slavia 314 Porto Rico 93-100 Advertising M«dia 100 Agriculture »6, 98-99 Automobiles 691 Cable Rates 100 Charcoal V7 Cities, Population 98-99 Climate 93 Coffee 95, 98. 99 Commerce 93-97 Commimications 97 Cotton 96 Exports 93-97 Fruit 96, 98-99 Imports 93-95 Industrial Establiahmenta 97 Manufactures 97 Minerals 97 Money Orders 100 Money, Weights and Measures 100 Motor Transportation 100 Parcel Post 100 Postal Rates 100 Production and Industry 96-99 Railways 97 Shipping Routes 100 Sugar 98, 99 Telegraphs 97, 100 Telephones 97 Tobacco 97, 98. 99 Wireless Stations 100 Porto 8<^o, Togo 560 Porto Viejo, Ecuador 161 Portudal, Senegal 678 Portugal: Advertising Media 343 Agriculture 341-342 Area and Population 338 Automobiles 691 Barley 341 Beans 341 Cable Rates 344 Climate 337 Coal 343 Commerce 33^-341 Consular Regulations 344 Consular Representatives 344 Cork 341 Crops 341 Customs Tariff 344 Districts 338 Exports 339-341 Fisneriea 343 Forest Resouroes 343 Imports 339-340 Iron 343 Language 343 Lead 343 Livestock 342 Mail Time 344 Minerals 343 Money Orders 344 Money, Weights and Measures 344 Oats 341 OUve Oa 341 Parcel Post 344 749 Portugal (cont.): Post Offices 343 Postal Rates 344 Potatoes ......'. 341 Production and Industry. . ..[...... J. .341-343 Provinces 333 «*"'^fty8 337, 343 Rye 341 Shipping Routes 344 Telegraphs 343 S^ • 343 Wheat 341 Wine !.!!!!!!.'! 341 Wolfram .......'.'.' 343 Portuguesa (state), Veneiuela .. y. ...... .[. 209 Portupiese Guinea: (Jable Rates 599 Commerce ].'.!!] 598 Consular Regulations 599 Customs Tariff 599 Exports 698 l™Pp5? 698 Mail Time 599 Monev Orders 599 Parcel Post ;;;;,'; 599 Population 59g Postal Rates 699 Products ..'...'.'. 698 Shipping Routes ..........' 699 Portuguese India, see India, Portuguese. Portuguese West Africa, see Angola. Poeen (city), Poland 333 Postal Rates: Abyssinia jjq Afgh&nistdn 424 ^iKcria '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 679 Angola 597 Argentina 126 Australia ' " ' ' ^15 Austria 226 Asores 228 Bahama Islands qq Bal(ichist&n !!!.!!! 426 Barbados g j Belgian Congo 523 g«!»V°» 234 go^Xja 126 Brasil 141 Bulgaria 239 Cape Verde Islands 593 ^Y}o^ 451 C^J« 151 China 444 Colombia ..'.'.* 158 Costa Rica 30 Cura9ao !!!!!!!!!! 73 Csecho-Slovakia ...'.'.'...'.'. 246 Denniark !!.*!!.!! 254 Dominican Republic '....'.'. 77 Dutch East Indies 635 Ecuador .'.'..'.'... 167 Egypt 5g4 Federated Malay States 495 Fiji Islands '/' ' 517 Finland !!!!!!!!!!. 361 France 273 French Indo China 455 French West Africa 559 Ge'"™a°y '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 288 (jrreece 297 Guam Island .....'.'.'... 616 Guatemala i !!...!!! 37 Guiana, British 179 Guiana, Dutch 181 Guiana, French ia«> 5»»ti.. 82 5»^?" 643 Honduras ^ Hungary * ' * " ' 3^3 India, British [ 4^7 Page Postal Rates (cont.) : India, French 457 India, Portugese 468 J^'^y. 313 Jamaica gj ^*P*°oV •■ i .".*.".*.".".* ."!.■.'.■.' .' 492 Jugo-Slavia 319 Leeward Islands !!!!!!!.!!! 90 Madagascar 584 Mexico !..!!....!! 21 Morocco 596 Netherlands 326 New Caledonia 637 New Guinea !!!.!! 638 New Hebrides Islands 617 New Zealand 626 Nicaragua 47 Norway ..'.'.'.'.'. 331 Panama 52 Paraguay .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 190 Persia 501 Peru 200 Philippine Islands 654 Poland '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 336 Porto Rico 100 Portugal .!.'!!!.' 344 Portuguese Guinea 599 Rumania 351 Russia 363 S. Thom6 and Principe 599 Salvador 53 Samoan Islands 639 g>a»n '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 508 Spam 383 Straits Settlements 513 Sweden 339 Switzerland ....'. 394 Tonga Islands ....'. 627 Trinidad !.!!.! 103 Tunis ]!!.!!! 590 Turkey ...[..['.'.'. 399 Union of South Africa 547 United Kingdom 422 Uruguay .........[ 207 Venezuela 216 Windward Islands 106 Potash, Germany !!!!!.". 277 Potatoes: Australia 604, 605 Austria 223 Belgium !!!..."! 231 Bermuda !!.'!!!! 23 Czecho-Slovakia .242, 243 Finland 258, 259 France 269 Germany 283 Hawaii 642 Hungary ■■.'.*.' 302 Ireland 416, 417 Italy 309 Japan 478 Jugo-Slavia 317 Netherlands 325 Norway ' . ] 329 Portugal 341 Russia 360 Sweden 387 Switzerland 393 Tunis 589 United Kingdom 415, 416, 417 World's Production 694 Potenza (prov.), Italy 306 Potosi (dept.), Bolivia 122 Potosi (city), Bolivia 122 Potsdam, Germany 278 Pout (ter.), Senegal 673 Pozsony, Hungary 299 Prachinburi (dept.), Siam 502 Prague, Czecho-Slovakia 240 Prahova (dept.), Rumania 346 ll ii i HI \ 750 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDEX 751 • ' I Page Precious Stones: Australia oUo Cevlon 4fi0 Colombia 1^7 India, British 465 Madagascar 583 Prerau, Csecho-Slovakia 240 Pretoria, Union of South Africa 529 Priluki, Russia 355 Prince Edward Island (prov.), Dom. of Can . 1,4 Princes Town, Trinidad 100 Principe Island, S. Thom6 and Principe 599 Prinsapolca (dist.)< Nicaragua 41 Prishib, Russia 355 Prisren, Jugo-Slavia 315 Proskurov, Russia 355 ProBsnits, C»echo-Slovakia 240 Province Wellesley, Straits Settlements 609 Prsemysl, Poland 333 Pskov (prov.), Russia 354 Pskov (city), Russia 365 Puebla (state), Mexico 14 Puebla (city), Mexico 14 Puerto Barrios, Guatemala 31 Puerto Cabello, Venesuela 209 Puerto Cortes, Honduras 38 Puerto Estrella, Ck)lombi» 163 Puerto Montt, Chile 143 Puerto Plata (prov.), Dominican Republic. . . 73 Puket (dept.), Siam 602 Pulantien, Kwantung 490 Pulo Cambing Island, Malay Archipelago . . . 635 Punjab (states), India, British 458 Pimjab (prov.), India, British 458 Puno (dept.), Peru 192 Puno (city), Peru 193 Punta Arenas, Chile 143 Puntarenas (prov.), Costa Rica 26 Pimtarenas (city), Costa Rica 26 Punta (dept.), Rumania 346 Putumayo (com.), Colombia 163 Puy-de-Ddme (dept.)i France 263 Pyatigorsk, Russia 355 Pyr«n6e8-Orientale8 (dept.), France 263 Prygos, Greece 291 Pjrrites, Hungary 302 Qena, Egypt 661 Quarrying: Greece *«''> Italy 310 United Kingdom 417 Quebec, (prov). Dominion of Canada 1,4 Qiiebec (city), Canada 1 Quebracho: Argentina ••• oX Paraguay • loo Queen's (co.) , Ireland 402 Queensland (state) , Australia 601 Quer6taro (state), Mexico 14 Quer^taro (city), Mexico 14 Queialtenango (dept.), Guatemala 31 Queialtenango (city), Guatemala 31 QuUmes, Argentina 109 Quito, Ecuador 161 Quittah, Gold Coast Colony 566 Rabat, Morocco 692 Rabaul (Bismarck Archipelago) , New Guinea. 637 Radium, Australia 608 Radnor (co ), Wales 401 Ragusa, Jugo-SIavia 314 Raflways: Abyssinia 5*_ Albania „, 217 Algeria 677, 679 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 666 Pace Railways (cont.): Angola a Argentina 11° Australia 601,614 Austria ••..... •*<> Baldchistto 425 Basutoland 624 Bechuanaland Protectorate 525 Belgian Congo 622 Borneo 426 Brazil a British East African Protectorate 648 British Honduras 24 Bulgaria 238 Canada ■ ^ Ceylon 450 ChUe 1*9 China i«q Colombia 163, 168 Costa Rica ^JJ Cuba • oo"T Cyprus •• 237 Ciecho-Slovakia 246 Dahomey 669 Dominican Republic 77 Dutch East Indies 636 East Africa ,«« ^S Ecuador 1^' If* Eaypt J64 Entrea 5S9 Federated Malay SUtes 494 Finland 261 France 272 French Guinea 671 French Indo China 464 Germany 287 Gold Coast Colony ^^^ 557 Greece 290,297 Guatemala 36 Guiana, British 178 Guiana, Dutch 179 jnftwmi ^^Bo Hedjai *W Honduras ^„ „45 Hungary 298,303 India, British 466 India, French 4J7 India, Portuguese 4oo jtaly ..•.•..••.....•......* o£A Ivory Coast 672 Jamaica 87 Japan 490 Jugo-Slavia 314, 319 Kamerun M7 Madagascar 688 AAalta ,♦.•.•..............••.. w^^ Mauritius *W Buexioo • »J5» A^orocoo •• 23S Netherlands M6 New Caledonia 525 New Zealand •» Newfoundland and Labrador 12 Nicaragua ,46 Nigeria M8 Panama 61 Paraguay 183, 189 Persia JOO Peru IW Philippine Islands M3 Poland OJ*. ooo Porto RlOO nn^ an Portugal 337, 343 Principal Countries 687 Protectorate of Southwest Africa 669 Rhodesia, Northern 627 Rhodesia, Southern 627 Rumania . . . .345, 350 Russia 363 B. Thomfi and Princ^M 6W Page Railwavs (cont.): Salvador X7 c , Of oenegal 570 i»*" V 607 Sierra Leone 559 iP**^/ «;/.•• • • 382 Straits Settlements 512 Switteriand 394 Togo ecn rr»_~ ,. 0\J\J Tripoh cQo Tunis eon Turkey ^Qg Uganda Protectorate 553 United Kingdom 421 Uruguay 205 Venesuela 215 Zanzibar Protectorate ...... «l«u Kaisms, Spain 377 Raitea Island, I>eeward Islands 636 Rajaburi (dept.), Siam 502 Ralputana (agency), India. British*. '. *. '. '. '. \ '. \ 468 Rahck Islands, Marshall Islands. . 617 Rampur, India, British 4150 gj^^!«"«jChue. :::::;:: jj§ Kanders, Denmark 248 Rangoon, India, British ".\ 459 Rapa Island. French Pacific Islands. .* 636 Ratack Islands, Marshall Islands ... 617 Ravenna (prov.), Italy '" 305 Ravenna (citv). Italy ! . , 307 Rawalpindi, India. British 459 Recife (Pernambuco). Braxil 128 Recklingshausen, Germany ' 278 Regensburg (Ratisbon), Germany. '. 278 Reggio Calabria (city), Italy 307 Reggio di Calabria (prov.), Italy. . ' 3O6 Reggio Emilia (prov.), Italy 306 Reggio Emilia (city), Italy '.'.;:;;::: 307 Ke^ima, Canada j Reims. France. . . «>«•» ■D„ , • %n Mas itemscnmied, Germany 278 Rendova Island. Solomon Islands . . 638 Renfrew (CO.), Scotland *" 4^ Rennell Island. Solomon Islands 638 Resistencia, Argentina. . . ino Retalhuleu (dept.), Guatemala. '.'.'..'. 31 Retalhuleu (city), Guatemala. ... 31 Rethymnoe (dept.), Greece .'. 291 Retymo. Greece St Reunion: Agriculture jjgjj^ Area and Population ksla Cables ggjj Cities, Population 504 Commerce kqk Jl.XportS KOr Forest Resources 586 te*"^ 585 S^ • 585 Keval, Russia oec Rhenock, Sikkim '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 5S Rhodesia. Area and Population ... 526 Rhodesia, Northern: Agriculture g27 Commerce '...'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 527 liixports 527 Forest Resources C07 Imports C27 Minerals C97 Post Offices %iy Railways co? Telegraphs C97 Rhodesia, Southern: "^ Agriculture 257 Asbestos ctyj /~,. o£i L/iirome ore 527 SwL- ■'.'•'•'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 527 KAiks 527 Conjmeroe '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'. 526, 527 *^"» 527 Page Rhodesia, Southern (cont.); E^*"^ 526. 527 Y°^^- 527 Imports 526, 527 tjyefitofk 527 Minerals 527 Post Offices 527 Production and Industry.'. ". '.'..'. '. '. '. \ \ \ \ 527 Railways R27 c,., "' O^t Silver C27 rril • OAI Telegraphs ko? frill 0^9 1 elephones kv? 1 obacco 527 Rh6ne (dept.), France 263 Riau Lingga Archipelago, Dutch East Indies 628 Rice: Australia 603, 604 ^™*" 133, 135 Ceylon 450 China 441 Unosen 457 Dutch East Indies 632 Fiji Islands.. 616 French Indo China 454 Guiana, British 176 P!i^"'ti ••:• L .■.*.*.':.*.■.*.■.:: 642 India. British 463 Italy 309 Japan 477 Kelantan (state), Malay States '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 496 Perils (state), Malay States 495 Peru 197 Philippine Islands ..'....'..'. 651 Siam 506 Spain '. .!'.".;; 380, 381 1 aiwan 400 aqa Richard Toll, Senegal ;.::::::. 573 Riga. Russia . 355,365 Kininicu Sarat (dept.), Rumania 346 Riobamba, Ecuador 16I Rio Branco, Brazil 128 Rio Cuarto. Argentina \\' i09 Rio Muni (dist). Spanish Africa. .. ......... 596 Rio de Janeiro (state), Brazil .*.".* 128 Rio de Janeiro (city), Brazil * ] 128 Rio del Rey , Kamerun ! ! . ! * 557 Rio Grande (dept.), Nicaragua ...'.' ." .' '. [ [ [ [ 41 Rio Orande (city), Nicaragua 41 Rio Grande (dist.), Nicaragua 41 Rio Grande do Norte (state), Brazil. . 128 Rio Grande do Sul (state), BrazU 128 Rio Negro (ter.), Argentina iQg Rio Negro (dept.), Uruguay 202 Rivas (dept.), Nicaragua 41 Rivas (city), Nicaragua 41 R?vera (dept.), Uruguay ." .' 202 Riyadh, Turkey 395 Roads: Albania 217 ^'sena '..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.['.[[ 579 Austria 225 Balfichist&n 425 Basutoland !.'.!!! 525 Belgian Congo 522 China aao Cyprus 239 Csecho-Slovakia 1 .... .'..'.'. 245 Dahomey 570 French Guinea " . ' 571 Greece .'.*.".'.■.*.' 297 Hunga^r.. 303 India, British 466 Johore (state), M*ilay States 495 Kedah (state), Malay States 495 Liberia 591 Madagascar 533 Morocco 595 Netherlands ' ' | 326 Nijreria ' 553 Perlis (state), Malay States ... . . ". ". '. '. '. '. '. 459 762 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDEX 753 Page Roads (cont.): «ka Rumania ^ Txinifl %%% Uganda Protectorate g^c Veneauela 215 Zanxibar Protectorat* oM Rocha (dept.). Uruguay ^* Rockhampton, Australia oo^ Roco (ter.), Senegal old Roi Et (dept .) . Siam 502 Roma (prov.), Italy. . . ; ^ Roman (dept.)i Rumania **2 Romanatsi (dept.), Rumania 3*6 Romanovskii, Russia ^^ Rome (Roma), Italy ^07 Rommy, Russia ^£ Rongo, Sikkim 5^ Ronongo Island, Solomon Islands o^ Rosario, Argentina ^^ Roscommon (co.), Ireland 40* Ross and Cromarty (co.), Scotland wZ Rostock, Germany *^° Rostov-on-Don, Russia ^ Rotterdam, Netherlands 2t« Rotuma Island, Fiji Islands 616 Roubaix. France *^ Rouen, France ,;•,•••• oS^ Rousse (Rustchuk) (dist.). Bulgaria Zdb Rovigo (prov.), Italy 305 Rovno, Russia ^ Roxburg (CO.), Scotland 402 Rubber: Belgian Congo «** Bolivia *** Borneo ^oA ^^ Braril ^^' J?X Ceylon i^ Dutch East Indies 63^ Federated Malay States 495 Fiji Islands 616 French Indo China 454 Guiana, British 176 Hawaii 64-5 Kamerun °Xa Kelantan (state), Malay States 496 Liberia 59 1 Papua • 6«J« Perlis (state), Malay States 495 Peru J»7 Siam 506 Solomon Islands 6^ Straits Settlements 51^ Uganda Protectorate 55d World's Production 697 Rufisque, Senegal 573 Rum: _, Barbados 61 Guiana, British 1*6 Jamaica ^ Martinique ** New Caledonia 630 Reunion 5oo Rumania: a4a_!«n Agriculture ^ aS Area and Population «|6 Automobiles ®** Barley foj Cable Rates 351 Cities, Population 347 Coal. .... 350 Commerce ^^~^? Consular Regulations 361 Consular Representatives 361 Crops .... ..,. 1*0 Customs Tanff ^7 Ui Exports 347^349 Imports '**' ^3^ Language |?r Mail Time r?z Maise J9J: Minerals "*'^ Pace Rumania (oont.): Money Orders 361 Money, Weights and Measures 350 Oi^^g 350 Parcei Post". ... .'. 351 Petroleum 350 Post Offices 360 Postal Rates 351 Production and Industry 349-350 Railways 345, 360 Roads •• *^<\ Ry© oe/i Salt • ••■ n^^ Shipping Routes 351 Silk 350 Telegraphs ^cJ! Telephones 360 Temtorial Changes 346 Wheat 350 Russell Island, Solomon Islands 638 Russia: ^^ Agriculture «W Alcohol „,^ fJJ Area and Population 354-386 Automobiles 55a Barley 360 Cable Rates 363 Cities, Population 366 Coal 361 Commerce 356-359 Consular Regulations 363 Copper ^ Cotton 380 Crops 360 Customs Tariff vu. ?S Exports ^^*^?JS Fisheries 3M Forest Resources 22t Gold 361 Imports ^^^olo Industrial Establishmenta 3W Iron 361 Lead 361 Mail Time 363 Manufactures „„^ 362 Minerals ^^?S? Money Orders 363 Money, Weights and Measures 363 Naphtha 361 Oats ^xa Parcel Post 363 Petroleum 361 Platinum 361 Postal Rates 363 Potatoes 360 Production and Industry ci qcc Provinces ^ oao Railways , 363 Rye 360 Salt...... 362 Shippmg Routes %^ SUver 361 Steel 361 Sugar 360 Sugar beets 360 Telegraphs ^63 Tobacco 360 Waterways ^^^ Wheat 360 Zinc oflo ?S1 Russian States, New 363-368 Rutland (coj. England 401 Rutsohuck, Bulgaria. *^ Ryazan (prov.), Russia 3M Ryazan (city), Russia 356 Rybinsk, Russia 356 Rye* AustraUa 603, 604 Austria 223 Belgium • • • ^„ 231 Ciecho-Slovakia 242. 243 Rye (oontinued): Denmark 250 Finland 258, 259 Germany 283 Hungary , , /[ 302 Ireland 415 i^^o.- •• 309 Jugo-Slavia 317 Netherlands ,[[[ 325 Norway ....".*,." 329 Portugal 341 Rumania '.'..'.'.'.'.'. 350 R"8«a 360 f Pai? 380, 38 1 Sweden. 386, 387 Switzerland 392 Union of South Africa 540 United Kingdom 414. 415, 416, 417 World Production 693 Ryfylke (dist.), Norway 327 8 Saarbnicken, Germany 278 Saba, Curayao [ qq Sabijah, Turkey 395 Sacatepequez (dept), Guatemala ...'.'.'.'.'..'. 31 Safi, Morocco 592 Saga, Japan 471 Saharanpur, India, British 459 St. Andr6, Reunion '] 534 St. Anna Bay, Jamaica '.'.'..' 83 St. Barthelemy Island, French West Indies . 78 St. Beniot, Reunion 534 St. Catharines. Canada 1 St. <>oix Island, Virgin Islands of the United States 104 St. Denis, Reunion !!..!..'.' 584 St. Etienne, France .!.'....! 263 St. Eustatius, Cura9ao 69 St. George, Windward Islands .'.'..'. 104 St. George Island, Asores 226 St. Helena Island: Area and Population 559 Commerce ;.*;;; 559 Flax 559 St. John, Canada * " ' j St. John Island, Virgin Islands of the United States 104 St. Johns, Newfoundland ..'.'...' .' . , .' 10 St. Kitts Island. West Indies .............. 88 89 St. Louis, Reunion " 534 St. Louis, Senegal '.....'...'.'. 573 St. Lucia Island, Windward Islands. . . . . . . . 105 St. Martin, Curapao '/ 99 St. Mary Island, Azores 226 St. Michael's Island, Azores .'. 226 St. Nicholas, Belgviim 230 St. Paul, Reunion 584 Saint Paul River, Liberia 591 St. I*ierre, Martinique 91 St. Pierre, Reunion .'....'..*] 584 St. Pierre and Miquelon !..'.!'.'.'.". 12 Area and Population ....!..!!!!!!!!!! 12 Exports !.!!!!!!! 12 Imports .*..".'.*!!.'.*!! 12 Industry ......!!!!... 12 Commerce !!!!!!!!!!."!!!! 12 St. Thomas, Canada l St. Thomas Islands, Virgin Islands of the United States 104 8. Thomd and Principe: Cable Rates 599 Cacao .!!!!.! 699 Commerce !!!!.!! 599 Consular Reflations !!!!!!!!! 699 Customs Tanff .'.'.*.'.'.* 599 Mail Time '..'.*....'.....! 599 Money Orders !!!!!!" 599 Parcel Post 599 Population 599 Page S. Thom6 and Principe (cont.) : Postal Rates 599 Railways. !.!!!!!!!!!!! 599 hhipping Routes 599 S. Thom6 Island 599 St. Vincent Island, Windward Islands ...... 105 St. Zagora (dist), Bulgaria 230 Sakai, Japan 471 Sakal (ter.), Senegal .......'...'.'.... 573 Salama, Guatemala 31 Salamanca (prov.), Spain ...'..*.*!!.'.'."!!.*.'!! 370 Salamanca (city), Spain 369 |»}a6, Senegal 573 Sa e, Morocco . 592 Salerno (prov.) Italy 306 Sdemo (city), Italy 307 Saliany, Russia 355 Salonica (dept.), Greece '.'.'.'..'.'.'. 291 Salonica (city), Greece 291 Salop (CO.), England 401 Salt: Australia 608 Austria ......' 224 Bolivia [ 725 Chile 145 French Equatorial Africa. .. ........... 575 Greece osm India, Bntish ark India, Portuguese 468 Jugo-Slavia 317 Peru • • 196, 198 Poland 335 Rumania 350 Russia 362 Spain. 379,380 Switzerland 393 Union of South Africa 542 United Kingdom 417 Salta (prov.), Argentina 108 Sajta (city), Argentina 109 Saltillo, Mexico 14 Salto (dept.), Uruguay .'.'.'.'.'......'.'. 202 Salto (city), Uruguay 202 Saltpetre, India, British 465 Baltpond, Gold Coast Colony 556 Salvador 53-58 Agriculture !!!.!! 57 Area and Population 53 Automobiles 691 Cable Rates 53 Cities, Population 53 Climate 53 Coffee 57 Commerce !.!.!!!!. 53-57 Consular Regulations 58 Consular Representatives 68 Customs Tariff 53 Exports ; 53-57 Imports 53-66 Manufactures !!!.!! 67 Minerals [[[[ 57 Money Orders ..!!!!!!! 58 Money, Weights and Measures. ...'..!!! 58 Parcel Post 68 Post Offices .!!!!!!!!!! 58 Production and Indtistry !!!!!!!.! 57 Postal Rates ..', SS RaUways !!!!!! 67 Roads !...!!.!! 68 Shipping Routes !!!!!!!!! 68 Telegraphs 53 Telephones 5g Salsburg (prov.), Austria 219 Salzburg (city), Austria 219 Samana (prov.), Dominican Republic 73 Samar Island, Philippine Islanos 645 Samara (prov.), Russia 864 Samara (city), Russia 355 Samarcand (prov.), Russia 356 Samarcand (city), Russia 355 Samarai (Papua), New Guinea 537 764 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDEX 755 I I ; Pag© Samarang (Java). Dutch East Indies 629 Samoan Islands, Pacific Islands: Area and Population 638 Cable Rates 639 Exports 638 Imports "^° Mail Time g" Money Orders 639 Parcel Post 639 Postal Rates 639 Shipping Routes 639 Wireless Station 638 Samos (dept.). Greece 291 Samshui, China. • 429 Sanatarem (dist.), Portugal •«» San Carlos, Peru 192 SancheB, Dominican Republic 7d San Cristobal, Ecuador 161 San Cristobal. Venezuela 209 San Cristoval Island. Solomon Islands 638 Sancti Spiritus, Cuba 63 San Felipe, Chile 143 San Felipe de Puerto Plata, Dominican Re- public ^3 San Fernando, Chile. 1« San Fernando, Trinidad lUW San Fernando de Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic v^ • • ••• : i,' ' San Francisco de Macons, Domimcan Re- public \^ San Francisco Gotera, Salvador od San Jo86 (prov.), Costa Rica 26 San Jos6 (city). Costa Rica 26 San Jo86 (dept.). Uruguay 20J San Juan (prov.). Argentina IWo San Juan (city). Porto Rico »3 San Juan del Norte (dist.), Nicaragua 41 San Juan del Sur. Nicaragua 41 Sankt (Saint), Polten, Austria 219 San Luis (prov), Argentina 108 San Luis Potosi (state), Mexico 14 San Luis Potosi (city), Mexico 14 San Marcos (dept.), Guatemala 31 San Marcos (city), Guatemala 31 San Marino, Area and Population 313 San Miguel, Salvador 63 San Pedro, Paraguay 184 San Pedro Macoris (prov.), Dommican Republic v^ • • •. • ; «• * ^ San Pedro Macoris (city), Domimcan Re- public 42 San Pedro Sula. Honduras » San Salvador. Salvador . . ■•■■••,••.•. fx San Salvador Island, British West Ipdies ... 59 San Sebastian, Spain 369 Sansing. China 4^ Santa Ana, Salvador i^ • • : • ; W Santa Barba de Samana, Domimcan Re- public • ,J3 Santa Catharina (state). Brawl 1^ Santa Clara (prov.). Cuba 63 Santa Clara (city). Cuba ^ Santa Crui (ter.), Argentina JW Santa Cru» (dept.), Bolivia i» Santa Crua (city). Bolivia 122 Santa Cru«, Guatemala «! Santa Crua (Canaries), Spain. 3W Santa Crua Islands, Solomon Islands. . ... , . «»8 Santa Crua del Seybo, Dominican Republic . 73 Santa F6 (prov.), Argentina 108 Santa F6 (city), Argentina JW Santa Isabel, Fernando Po Island ow Santander (prov.). Spain 370 Santander (city), Spain. ••••••. ^ Santander Norte (dept.), Colombia IM Santander Sur (deptO. Colombia 1» Santa Rosa (dept.), Guatemala a* Santa Rosa, Honduras ^ Santiago (prov.), Chile **• Santiago (city), Chile ....... ^ *« Santiago (prov.), Domimcan Republic to Pace Santiago, Panama 48 Santiago de Cuba 63 Santiago del Estero (prov.), Argentina 108 Santiago del Estero (city), Argentina 109 Santia^ de los Caballeros. Dominican Re- pubkc 78 Santo Domingo (prov.), Dominican Republic 78 Santo Domingo City, Dominican Repuolic . . 73 Santuav, China 429 San Vicente (dept.), Salvador 53 San Vicente (city), Salvador M Sao Luia, Braail 128 Sao Paulo (prov.). Braail 1» Sao Paulo (city), Braail 128 SaAne-et-Loire (dept.), France 283 Sapporo, Japan 471 Sarajevo. Jugo-Slavia 316 Saratov (prov.), Russia 354 Saratov (city), Russia 356 Sarawak, Borneo 426 Sardinia (dept.). Italy 806 Sark Island, United Kingdom 402 Sarthe (dept.), France 288 Sasebo, Japan 471 Saskatchewan (prov.), Dominion of Canada. 1, 4 Saskatoon, Canada 1 Sassandra, Ivory Coast 571 Sassari (prov.), Italy 306 Sassari (city), Italy 307 Sault Ste. Marie, Canada 1 Savaii Island, Samoan Islands 688 Savanna-la-Mar, Jamaica W Savoie (dept.). France 288 Scarborough, Tobago 101 Scheelite, Australia 608 Scheelite, Federated Malay States 4»4 Schiedam, Netherlands 822 Schwya (canton), Switaerland 391 Scotland. Area and Population 401, 402 Scotland. Cities. Population 4M Scotland, Counties 402 Scutari, Albania 217 Sebastopol, Russia 866 Sebikotane (ter), Senegal 578 Seccondee, Gold Coast Colony o66 Sefrou. Morocco 802 Segovia (prov.), Spain 370 Seine (dept), France 268 Seine-et-Mame (dept.), France 263 Seine-et-Oise (dept). France 268 Seine-Inf^rieure (dept.). France 268 Selangor (state). Federated Malay States. . . 493 Selkirk (co.). Scotland 402 Semipalatinsk (prov.), Russia 366 Semipalatinsk (city), Russia 366 Semiryechensk (prov.), Russia 366 Sendai, Japan 471 Senegal'. Area and Population 568, 573 Cables 573 Cities, Population 573 C-omnierce 573-574 Exports 573-574 Imports 673 Railways 573 Telegraphs 573 Telephones 673 Territories 573 Waterways 573 Sensuntepeque, Salvador 53 Seoul, Chosen 486 Seraing, Belgium 230 Serbia 314. 316. 317 Ser^pe (prov.), Braail 128 Sericulture, Japan 478 Serpukhov, Russia 355 Serres (dept.), Greece 291 Serres (city), Greece 291 Sesamum, India, British 463 Setif . Algeria 578 Sevilla (prov.), Spain 370 Page Sevilla (city), Spain 369 Seybo (prov.), Dominican Republic 73 Seychelles Islands: Area and Population 550 Cocoanuts 550 Commerce 550 Currency 551 Exports 550 Imports 550 Livestock 550 Sfax. Tunis 585 Shahjahanpur, India, British 459 Shale: Australia 608 New Zealand 623 Shanghai, China 429 Shansi (prov.), China 429 Shantung (prov.), China 429 Shasi, China 429 Sheffield. England 402 Shensi (prov^. China 429 Sherbrooke. Canada 1 Shetland (co.), Scotland 402 Shibin-el-Kom. Egypt 561 Shikoku Island. Japan » . . 469 Shimonoseki, Japan 471 Shinchiku, Taiwan 488 Shipbuilding: Curasao 70 Japan 482 World 702 Shipping Routes: Abyssinia 520 Afghanistan 424 Algeria 579 Angola 597 Argentipa 1 19 Australia 615 Austria 226 Aaores 228 Bahama Islands 59 BalcSchistdn 425 Barbados 61 Belgian Congo 523 Belgium 234 Bohvia 125 Braail 139 Bulgaria 239 Cape Verde Islands 598 Ceylon 450 Chile 150 China 443 Colombia 159 Costa Rica 30 Cuba 68 Cura9ao 72 Caecho-Slovakia 246 Denmark 253 Dominican Republic 77 Dutch East Indies 635 Ecuador 167 Egypt 564 Federated Malay States 494 Fiji Islands 617 Finland 261 France 273 French Indo China 454 French West Africa 569 Germany 288 Greece 297 Guam Island 616 Guatemala 37 Guiana, British 179 Guiana, Dutch 181 Guiana. French 182 Haiti 82 Hawaii 643 Honduras 40 Honduras. British 25 Himgary 303 India, British 466 Page Shippm^ Routes (cont.) : India. French 467 India, Portuguese 468 Italy., 312 Jamaica gj Japan [ , 491 Jugo-Slavia 319 Leeward Islands 90 Madagascar 584 Martinique 92 Mexico 21 Morocco 506 Netherlands 326 New Caledonia 636 New Guinea 638 New Zealand 625 Nicaragua 47 Norway 331 Panama 52 Paraguay [ ,,, 190 Persia 501 Peru 200 Philippine Islands 654 Poland 336 Porto Rico 100 Portugal 344 Portuguese Guinea 599 Rumania 351 Russia 363 S. Thomd and Principe 599 Salvador 58 Samoan Islands 639 Siam 508 Sikkim 5O8 Spain 383 Straits Settlements 513 Sweden 389 Switaerland 394 Ton^a Islands 627 Trinidad 103 Tunis 590 Turkey 393 Union of South Africa 546 United Kingdom 422 Uruguay [ 207 Venezuela 216 Virgin Islands of the United States . . . . . 104 Windward Islands 105 Ships and Shipping, Merchant tonnage of the Worid, Tonnage Definitions 701, 702, 703 Shirati. East Africa 549 Shiraz, Persia [ . . 498 Shizuoka, Japan ] . , 471 Sholapur. India, British 459 Shortland Island, Solomon Islands 638 Shumla. Bulgaria 230 Shuri. Japan 47I Shusha. Russia !!...'..'. 355 Sialkot, India, British 450 Siam: Advertising Media 508 Agriculture 5O6 Area and Population '. 502 Automobiles 601 Cable Rates '.'.'....'. 508 Climate 502 Commerce .502-506 Consular Regulations 508 Consular Representatives 508 Customs TariflF 508 Departments 502 Exports '. 502-506 Forest Resources 506 Imports 502-505 Language 508 Livestock 500 Lumber 506 Mail Time 508 Minerals 506, 507 Mining Industry 506, 507 Money Orders 508 Money. Weights and Measures 507 766 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDEX 757 I : 1 HI I Page Siam (cont.): ___ Parcel Post 508 Post Offices 507 Postal Rates 5W Production and Industry ° rn? RaUways 507 Rice 506 Rubber 508 Shipping Routes 5J» Teak ^ Telegraphs «J" ?^*^°°^:::::::::;::::::::::::::::506-lo7 Trade Methods 502 Tungsten ^ Wireless Stations ^^* Siberia, see Russia. Sicily (dept.). Italy.. ^ Sidibe Abbes, Algeiia 57» Siena (prov.), Italy ^ Siena (city). Italy 307 Sierra Leone: Area and Population ^ Commerce ^^ Currency ^ Exports 559 Imports 5a» Post Offices 560 Railways ^^ Telegraphs ^^ Telephones '^^ Sierra Leone, Protectorate of: Area and Population ow Exports 560 Imports -A-: ^ Siguiri (ter.), French Gumea O'" Sikkim: . --.^ Area and Population 5W Cities, Population oj» Commerce ^ Copper 5^ Exports rr? Imports 5J« Products ouo saesf.'1^?l.v*&ho-8iov.iiv;;;;/;;.ii9:24o,3i Silk: ^, China **1 France f'f French Indo China *^ Hungary J"^ Japan... J^ Rumama •••;••: ^ryn Raw, World's Production 700 Silver: n^^ Australia. . . • • ■ • "^ Bechuanaland Protectorate |^ Belgium *~ Canada xao China ?e^ Colombia JJJ Csecho-Slovakia ••« France ^ Honduras ** Hunga^r. ., f^ India, British J«J Japan *2" Madagascar <»« Mexico " New Zealand JS K?;r:^v:::::::::::::::::::::::::::ie6.i98 Rhodesia, Southern 527 Russia VTQ oSi Spain *'**• ^ Sweden Jon Taiwan *J" Turkey • ^^ Union of South Africa JJJ United Kingdom *J° World's Production *>W Page Simbirsk (prov.), Russia |54 Simbirsk (city), Russia ^ Simferopol, Russia ••,••• \- i; • • ''^ Simpson Harbor (Bismarck Archipelago) New Guinea "f^ Sinaloa (state), Mexico ** Sind (prov.), India. British «» Singapore (city) . Straits Settlements 609 Singapore Island, Straits Settlements oOW Siquia (dist.). Nicaragua *J Siracusa (prov.), Italy ^ Siracusa (city), Italy ^' Sisal: -.„ Hawau <>** Mexico 1" Papua ., 537 Sitra Island. Bahrein Islands *^ Sivas, Turkey ^ Siakia (dept.), Greece. *»i Skaraborg (govt.), Sweden «» Skien, Norway ^ Skobelev. Russia 3*» Sliijo (CO.). Ireland «« Smchow. Csecho-Slovakia *W Smolensk (prov.). Russia |»* Smolensk (city). Russia g" Smyrna. Turkey .• -j.- '.v Vi* ' j' to* Society Islands. French Pacific Islands oW Sodermanland (govt.). Sweden 385 Sodertalje. Sweden ;■ :^ ■ • .: ■ \: «SS Soerabaya (Java). Dutch East Indies 629 Soerakarta (Java), Dutch East Indies 629 Sofia (dist.), Bulgaria *^ Sofia (city), Bulgaria ^ Sognog Fjordane (dist.), Norway 3f7 Sohag. Egypt... gj Sokoto, AbysBima "*» Sokotra Island: Area and Population oOl Dairy Products Wl Livestock Ml Solingcn, Germany *♦* Solola (dept.), Guatemala |J Solola (city), Guatemala »* Sok>mon Islands (British): Area and Population 521 Copra S? Money, Weights and Measures 638 Rubber *~* Solomon Islands (German), Pacific Islands. . 688 Somaliland, French, see French Somaliland Somaliland, Italian, see Italian Somaliland. Somaliland Protectorate: Area and Population 561 Cities. Population 561 Commerce 651 Currency 561 Exports 551 Imports 551 Telegraphs 561 Transportation 651 Wireless Stations 551 Somerset (co.), England *01 Somme (dept.), France 203 Somoto, Nicaragua ** Sondrio (prov.), Italy *» Sonora (state), Mexico l* Sonsonate (dept.), Salvador 63 Sonsouate (city), Salvador : • 63 Soochow, China **^ Soria (prov.), Spain *7U Soriano (dept.). Uruguay *Vr Sormovo, Russia 355 Sor-Trondelag (dist.). Norway 3*7 Sosnowice, Poland 333 Sousse, Tunis .•••,••«•;• °^ South Africa. British, see Basutoland; Bech- uanaland Protectorate; Nyasaland Pro- tectorate; Rhodesia: Swaziland Protec- torate; Union of South Africa. Page South Africa, Union of, see Union of South Africa. South Australia (state), Australia 601 South Holland (prov.). Netherlands 321 Southwest Africa. Protectorate of: Agriculture 559 Area and Population 558 Cities. Populiation 559 Commerce 558 Diamonds 559 Exports 558 Imports 558 Livestock 558 Minerals 559 Railways 559 Soya-bean oil. China 441 Soya-beans: Chosen 487 Japan 478 Spain: Advertising Media 382 Agriculture 380-381 Area and Population 369-370 Asphalt 380 Automobiles 601 Barley 380, 381 Beans 380 Cable Rates 383 Cement 379 Cities, Population 369 Coal 380 Coke 379 Commerce 370-375 Consular Regulations 383 Consular Representatives 382 Copper 379. 380 Com 380. 381 Crops 380-381 Customs Tariff 383 Electric Power 378 Emigration 370 Exports 370-375 Fisheries 381-382 Hydroelectric development 378 Illiteracy 370 Imports 370-375 Iron 379, 380 Language 382 Lead 379, 380 Lentils 380 Lignite 380 Livestock 381 Mail Time 383 Manganese 380 Manufactures 377-379 Mercury 379. 380 Meslin 380 Metallurgical Industry 379 Millet 380. 381 Minerals 379, 380 Money Orders 383 Money, Weights and Measures 382 Oats 380, 381 Olive oil 377 Parcel Poet 383 Peas 380. 381 Phosphorate 380 Platinum .379 Post Offices 382 Postal Rates 383 Power Plants 378 Production and Industry 377-382 Provinces 370 Railways 382 Raisins 377 Rice 380. 381 Rye 380, 381 Rait 379, 380 Shipping Routes 383 Silver 379, 380 Steel 379 Spain (continued): Sugar Sugar beets Sulphur Sulphuric Acid.. . Tares Telegraphs Telephones Textile Industry. Tin Vetches Wheat Wine Wolfram Zinc Spandau, Germany. . . Spanish Africa, see Fernando Po Island Spanish Town. Jamaica. ... Spelt, Germany Sponge Fisheries, Tunis Srinagar. India, British Stafford (co.), England Stanleyville, Belgian CJongo. Starbuck Island. British Pacific Islands Stavanger, Norway Stavropol, Russia Stavropol (prov.), Russia. . . Steatite, India, British Steel: Belgium France Germany Japan Jugo-Slavia New Caledonia Russia Spain World's Production Stettin. Germany Stewart Island, New Zealand Steyr, Austria Stirling (co.), Scotland Stockholm (govt.), Sweden. . Stockholm (city), Sweden. . . Straits Settlements: Advertising Media Area and Population .... Automobiles Cable Rates Climate Commerce Ck>nsular Regulations Copra Customs Tariff. . . Exports Immigration Imports Language Mail Time Money Orders. . . Money, Weights and Parcel Post Postal Rates Production and Industry Railways Rubber Shipping Routes . Tin Trade Methods. . Stratford, Canada Stuttgart, Germany. . Styria Suchava (dept.), Rumania Suchitepeques (dept.), Guatemala Sucre, Bolivia Sucre (state), Venesuela Sudan, see .^iglo-Eg3i}tian Sudan Sues, Egypt Sues Canal < Suffolk (CO.), England. Measures Page 381 381 380 379 380 382 382 377-378 380 380 .380. 381 377 380 379-380 278 83 283 589 459 401 521 627 328 355 354 465 232 270 287 481 317 636 361 379 696 278 619 219 402 385 384 513 509 691 513 509 509-512 513 512 513 509-512 509 509-511 513 513 513 512 513 513 512 513 512 513 512 509 1 278 314. 315 346 31 122 209 561 563 401 758 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDEX 759 Page Sugar: ,- ArKcntina *i" Australia ^^'§25 Austria ^f^ Barbados too iSA Braail ^^']^ China ^ Costa Rica f? Cuba -5? Cxecho-Slovakia ^ Denmark ^ Dominican Republic 4^ Dutch East Indies 632 EKVpt 563 Fiji Islands 616 France ^ Germany ^°^ Guatemala _, ,^ Guiana. British 1"5, 176 Haiti »^ Hawau ^■^ 5."^?:."*':'^r.::::::::::::;:::;:::ml| Jamaica *Y Martinique ^ Mauritius *~q Mexico *^ Nicaragua *!* ?s;r*^;::::::::::::::::::::::::::i96.i97 Philippine Islands 651, 652 Poland • a- QQ Porto Rico ®^'^kl? Reunion ^ Russia ^ Spain 489 490 Taiwan ^°^' Jj^ Trinidad ., JOJ Union of South Africa g^J Venemela *i* World's Production ^^^ Sugar Beets: Australia 604, 6W Austria *fY ?^r :::: iiJ r ranee ,^« Hungary ^ Italy..... 309 Netherlands %j^ Russia ?5V Spain 5°i Sukhum (prov.). Russia ^^ Sukhum (city), Russia '*^ Sulphur: „24 Austria ffj Chile l^% C»echo-Slovakia f?^ Germany zxi Greece *XX Hungary ^f. j&;-.;::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ^Jo New Zealand J^ Spain |g Sweden Jgl Taiwan ._ ***" Sulphuric Acid: ^^^ SSSn"^:::::::::::::::::::^^-^---" 3^ Sumatra Island,* Dutch East Indies 6g Sumy, Russia ^ Sundsvall, Sweden ^ Surat, India, British . ..•••. *^ Surat (Chumpom) (dept.), Siam «» Surrey (co.), England *"* Sussex (CO.), England. *J" Sutherland (co.), Scotland *^ Suva, Fiji Islands ...•••• "*« Swakopmund, Protectorate of Southwest Africa JS Swatow, China *^ Page Swaziland Protectorate 528 Agriculture. .. ^fg Area and Population ^ Coal % g28 Gold -OQ Livestock ^oa Minerals tS« Post Offices Xoa Telegraphs °^ Tin 5-«J Sweden: »qq Advertising Media oon ^ Agriculture ^ qoI Area and Population JJ^ Automobiles ^q. ^a-r Barley 386 15C&n8 OQQ Cable Rates ^ Cities. Population ^|J Coal oaii-^Jifi Commerce 3i»-^ Consular Regulations ^ Consular Representatives |°ij Customs Tariff oor.^ Exports 385-^ Forest Resources jji Governments (Lto.) ^ uS(irt^.-.;::::::::::::::::::::::::::385-836 Industrial EsUblishments ||» Iron oQo }2:fT:::::;:::;:;:::::::;:;::::: i Livestock ^gj Mail Time ^ Manganese _ ^L Manufactures **'"i2? Minerals ^ Money Orders ■ ^ Money, Weights and Measures ^« Oats ^*®*So Parcel Post SJ Peas gj Postal Rates Sj Potatoes . oQfl_oQa Production and Industry ^^^oj RaUways ooa oa? Rye ^®*?Sa Shipping Routes ^5 Silver ^ Sulphur aoft St Wheat 386, 387 Zinc 387 Switserland: ^gu Advertising Media _ ^ Agriculture 392-393 Area and Population ^} Automobiles "oi Barley ^f Cable Rates ^* Cantons ^\ Cities. Population ^»* Commerce ^^ ^^ Consular Regulations ^ Consular Representatives ^ 8%?. ..■..::.:.;:;:::;::;:;;:;:::::;:39»-»M Customs Tariff ^ Dairy Industry ^* Embroidery Industry ^^ E xpor ts ?S 1-392 Imports 391-39^ Industrial Establishments ^^ Language ^* Livestock ^J Mail Time ^* Manufactures fx. Minerals 393 Page Switseriand (cont.): Mining Industry 393 Money Orders 394 Money, Weights and Measures 394 Oats 392 Parcel Post 394 Post Offices 394 Postal Rates 394 Potatoes 393 Production and Industry 392-393 Railways 394 Rye 392 Salt 393 Shipping Routes 394 Telegraphs 394 Telephones 394 Watch-making 393 Wheat 392 Sydney, Australia 602 Qydney, Canada l Sydproven, Greenland 23 Syra (Hermoupolis) , Greece 291 Syria, Area and Population 395 Sysran. Russia 355 Szabadka. Hungary 299 Szechwan (prov.), China 429 Szegedin. Hungary 299 Szemao, China 429 T Tabasco (state). Mexico 14 Tabou, Ivory Coast 671 Tabriz, Persia 498 Tachira (state), Venezuela 209 Tacna (prov.), Chile 143 Tacna (city), Chile 143 Tacna (dept.), Peru 192 Tacna (city), Peru 192 Tacuarembo (dept.), Uruguay 202 Taganrog, Russia [ , , 356 Tagua Nuts, Ecuador 165 Tahaa Island, Leeward Islands 636 Tahiti Island, Society Islands: Area and Population 636 Exports 636 Imports 636 Industries 636 Products 636 Taichu, Taiwan 488 Taihoku, Taiwan 488 Taiku, Chosen 4S6 Tainan, Taiwan 438 Taiwan (Formosa): Agriculture 489-490 Area and Population 488 Beans 489, 490 Cities, Population 488 Coal 490 Commerce 488-489 Copper 490 Crops 490 Exports 488-489 Forest Resources 490 Gold 490 Ground nuts 490 Imports 488-489 Jute 490 livestock 490 Minerals 490 Peas 489, 490 Phosphorus 490 Production and Industry 489-490 Rice 489, 490 R.V»1» 490 Silver 490 Sugar 489, 490 Sulphur 490 Sweet Potatoes 489, 490 „ Tea 489 Takamatsu, Japan 471 Page Takao, Taiwan 488 Takaoka, Japan ' ' ' ' 471 Takasaki, Japan '..'..', 471 Takata, Japan " ' 471 Taica (prov.), Chile 143 Talca (city), Chile 143 Tamatave, Madagascar 580 Tamaulipas (state), Mexico '. .', 14 Tambov (prov.), Russia 354 Tambov (city), Russia 355 Tanga. East Africa 549 Tammerfors, Finland 257 Tandil, Argentina 109 Tanganyika, Lake, East Africa 549 Tangier, Morocco 592 Tanta, Egypt [ 56I Tapanceli (dist.), Dutch East Indies 628 Taranaki (prov.), New Zealand 619 TarapacA (prov.), Chile 143 Tarija (dept.), Bolivia 122 Tarija (city), Bolivia 122 Tarn (dept.), France 263 Tarn-et-Garonne (dept.), France 263 Tarragona (prov.), Spain 370 Tashkent, Russia 355 Tasmania (state), Austrdia 601 Tati District, Bechuanaland Protectorate . . . 525 Taurida (prov.), Russia 354 Tea: Ceylon 450 China 441 Dutch East Indies 632 India, British 463 Japan 479 Nyasaland Protectorate .' 526 Taiwan 489 Union of South Africa 540 Worid's Production 602 Teak, Siam 506 Tecuchi (dept.), Rumania 346 Tegucigalpa, Honduras 38 Teheran, Persia 498 Tela. Honduras 38 Telegraphs: Abyssinia 519 Algeria 579 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 566 Angola 597 Austria 225 Bechuanaland Protectorate 525 Belgian Congo 523 Brazil 137 Bulgaria 238 Canada '. 9 British East African Protectorate 548 Ceylon 450 Chile 149 China 442 Colombia 158 Costa Rica 29 Cuba 67 Cyprus ', 239 Czecho-Slovakia 245 Dahomey 570 Denmark 253 Dominican Republic 77 Dutch East Indies 635 East Africa 549 Ecuador 166 Egypt 564 Federated Malay States 494 France 272 French Equatorial Africa 575 French Guinea 571 French Indo China 454 Germany 287 Gold Coast Colony 557 Greece 297 Guatemala 36 Guiana, British 178 Haiti 82 li i II : 760 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDEX 761 Psge Telegraphs (continued) : ^^ Honduras 04 Honduras, British ^ Hungary. .,. .gg India, British TXX India, Portuguese J^ Italy =72 Ivory Coast ^^7 Jamaica ^qq Japan 01 q Jugoslavia ^J? Kamerun -g^ Madagascar. •-•••,•••:•; Aoa Malay States, Unfederated I^g Mauritius go Mexico 5Q5 Morocco ooa Netherlands jf^ New Caledonia ^" New Zealand •,• V " ' J 12 Newfoundland and Labrador *g Nicaragua g^g Nigeria -«« Nyasaland Protectorate ^f^ Panama jgg Paraguay ^qq 5^"** 199 Peru , ACQ Philippine Islands ^^ Poland o- , ^n Porto Rico 343 Portugal « fi- Principal Countries "5! Rhodesia, Northern o*' Rhodesia, Southern °fl 5^1™*^ 363 Russia Kg Salvador rSx Senegal «U7 Siam flk Sierra Leone X^? SomaUland Protectorate g* Spain coa Swaeiland Protectorate °fj Switaerland ggQ Togo r 00 Tunis Ill Turkey ^ Uganda Protectorate "5? United Kingdom **^ Venesuela oAS Telemark (dist.), Norway **' Telephones: . gjg Abyssinia ^04 Afghdnistdn I^ Algeria ^25 Austria ka Bahama Islands -S Belgian, Congo ^ Bulgaria ^ Canada «»« ChUe ^S Cuba JJ; Csecho-Slovakia fS Dahomey oga Denmark ^2 Dominican Republic '' Ecuador JgJ Egypt Aod. Federated Malay States *»» France iL. French Guinea Jli French Indo China ™2 Germany. ^1:7 Gold Coast Colony ^ Greece og Guatemala |-g Guiana, British i^g Hawaii aq Honduras i^ Honduras, British *• Page Telephones (cont.): Hungary ^ Italy... 312 Ivory Coast ^^ Jamaica .51 Japan *^ Jugo-Slavia ^ Madagascar. ••;•;•••;, aoh aqa Malay States, Unfederated 495, 496 Malta «g Mauritius ^gi Morocco 2^ Netherlands 22 New Caledonia • ^ Newfoundland and Labrador l« Nicaragua *5 Nieeria °^ Poland 336 Porto Rico _5J Rhodesia, Southern »J Rumania **?Y Salvador .^ Senegal Jg Siam gj Sierra Leone 22« Spain ?g Switieriand -J* Togo Jg Tunis '*™' Uganda Protectorate JJJ United Kingdom ♦** Uruguay.. *J2 Zansibar Protectorate o^* Telorman (dept.), Rumania ^ Temesvar, Hungary. *^ Temir-Khan-Shura, Russia ^o Temuco, C hile \^ Tengyueh, China *f; Tepic (ter.), Mexico. ** Teramo (prov.}. Italy ^ Terceira Island. AK>ree **2 Terek (prov.), Ru«i8i». • • • • -j • ;; ^ Temate (dist), Dutch East Indies 628 Teruel (prov.), Spain 'g" Tetuan, Morocco °^* Textile Industry: „__ Belgium f^ China *** France ^ Germany. f^K India,Briti8h *"*:SS India, French „n J?T Tfalv 310. dll Japan ""..'... 484,485 Netherlands 325 Peru *5^ IX^ ::::::::::::::::::::::377.378 United kingdom , W ^ S ■ ^^ Textiles, World's Consumption and Produe- tion Sii Theodosia, Russia '?^ Theresina, Brasil. ^*° Thids (ter.), Senegal. •••••••••• y • j ^U Three Kings Islands, Kennadec Islands 626 Three Rivers, Canada * Tiassali, Ivory Coast JJZ f|Vi-_i. **W Tierra del Fuego (ter.) , Argentina JOS Tiflis (prov.), Russia ^ Tiflis (city), Russia 355. ^07 Tilburg, Netherlands j^ Timaru, New Zealand ^ Time DifTerences. ■••■••'■ •^- ■■ ly. 222 Timor Archipelago, Dutch East Indiea W» Timor Island, Malay Archipelago MO Tin: «ftQ Australia ^ Belgian Congo 5*2 Bolivia J26 China **^ Page Tin (oont.): Csecho-Slovakia 245 Dutch East Indies 633 Federated Malay SUtes 494 India, British 465 Perils (state), Malay States 495 Portugal 343 Siam 506, 507 Spain 380 Straits Settlements 512 Swaziland Protectorate 528 Union of South Africa 542 United Kingdom 418 World's Production 696 Tipperary (co.), Ireland 402 Tinspol, Russia 355 Timovo (dist), Bulgaria 236 Tivaouane (ter.), Senegal 573 TIaxcala (state), Mexico 14 Tobacco: Australia 605 Austria 225 Belgium 231 Borneo 426 Brasil 134, 135 Bulgaria 238 Chosen 487 Cuba 67 Dominican Republic 76 France 269 Germany 285 Greece 294 Haiti 82 Hawaii 642 Honduraa 39 Hungary 302 Jamaica 86 Japan 478 New Caledonia 636 Nyasaland Protectorate 526 Paraguay 188 Peru 197 Philippine IslandB 651 Porto Rico 96, 98, 99 Rhodesia, Southern 527 Russia 360 Turkey 397 Union of South Africa 540 Uruguay 205 Tobago Island, West Indies 101, 103 Tobolsk, Russia 355 Togo: Area and Population 560 Commerce 560 Exports 560 Imports 560 Livestock 560 Post Offices 560 Production and Industry 560 Railways 560 Telegraphs 560 Telephones 560 Wireless Stations 560 Tokeland Islands, British Pacific Islands 627 Toko, Taiwan 488 Tokuskima, Japan 471 Tokyo, Japan 471 Toledo (prov.), Spain 370 Tolima (dept.), Colombia 153 Toluca, Mexico 14 Tomsk, Russia 355 Tonga Islands: Area and Population 627 Cables 627 Copra 627 Exports 627 Imports 627 Mail Time 627 Money Orders 627 Money, Weights and Measures 627 Parcel Post 627 Page Tonga Islands (cont.): Postal Rates 627 Shipping Routes 627 Tonking, French Indo C^hina 451 Tonnage, Definitions 703 Toowoomba. Australia 602 Torino (dept.), Italy 305 Toronto, Canada 1 Totonicapan (dept.), Guatemala 31 Totonicapan (city), Guatemala 31 Tottori, Japan 471 Toulon, France 263 Toulouse, France 263 Toultcha (dept.). Rumania 346 Towinai, Belgium . ._ 230 Townsville, Australia 603 Toyama, Japan 471 Toyohashi, Japan 471 Trana, Albania 217 Transcaspian Province, Russia 355 Transcaucasia (prov.), Russia 354, 355 Transvaal (prov.). Union of South Africa. . . 529 Transvaal (prov.). Union of South Africa — Gold 541, 542 Trapani (prov.), Italy 306 Trapani (city), Italy 307 Tras-os-Montes (prov.), Portugal 338 Travancore (state), India, British 458 TrebijBond, Turkey 396 Treinta y Tres (dept.) Uruguay 202 Trengganu (state), Malay States Unfederated: Area and Population 496 Commerce ttd Exports 496 Imports ^6 Production and Industry 496 Treviso (prov.), Italy 305 Tieviso (city), Italy 307 Trichinopoly, India, British 469 Trieste, Italy 218 Trikkala (dept.), Greece 291 Trikkala (city), Greece 291 Trinidad, Bolivia 122 Trinidad, West Indies 100-103 Area and Population 100 Asphalt 103 Automobiles 108 Cable Rates 103 Climate 100 Cocoa 103 Commerce 101-103 Consular Regulations. 103 Consular Representatives 103 Customs Tariff 103 Exports 101-103 Fruits 103 Imports 101-102 Manjack 103 Money Orders 103 Parcel Post 103 Petroleum 103 Postal Rates 103 Production and Industry 103 Shipping Routes 103 Sugar 103 Tobago Island 101-103 Tripoli: Area and Population 590 Automobiles 091 Cables 590 Cities, Population 590 Commerce 690 Exports 690 Fruit 590 Imports 590 Railways. 690 Sponge Fisheries 590 Tripoli (city), Tripoli 500 Tripolits a, Greece 291 Tristan da Cunha Islands 560 Trivanchum, India, British 469 Iji 762 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS INDEX 763 Page Troitsk, Russia 355 TroUhattan, Sweden 384 Troms (dist.)t Norway 327 Trondhjem, Norway 328 Troppau, Ciecho-Slovakia 240 Tnijillo, Honduras 38 Trujillo, Peru 193 Tnijillo (state), Veneiuela 209 Tsaritsyn, Russia 355 Tsarskoye Selo, Russia 355 Tsingtau, China 429 Tsu, Japan 471 Tuamotu Islands, French Pacific Islands. . . . 636 Tubuai Islands, French Pacific Islands 636 Tucopia Islands, Solomon Islands 638 Tucuman (prov.), Argentina 108 Tucuman (city), Argentina 109 Tula (prov.), Russia 354 Tula (city), Russia 355 Tulcan, Ecuador 161 Tulcar, Madagascar 580 Tumbes (prov.), Peru 193 Tumbes (city), Peru 193 Tunapuna, Trinidad 100 Tungsten: Argentina 117 Bolivia 125 Canada 6 France 270 India, British 465 New Zealand 623 Peru 198 Siam 606 Tungurahua (prov.), Ecuador 161 Tunis: Advertising Media 589 Agriculture 588-589 Area and Population 585 Automobiles 691 Barley 589 Beans 589 Cable Rates 590 Cities, Population 585 Commerce 585-588 Consular Regulations 590 Consular Representatives 589 Cork 589 Com 589 Crops 589 Customs Tariff 590 Exports 585-588 Fisheries 589 Forest Resources 588 Hides and Skins 589 Imports 585-588 Iron 589 Lead 589 Lignite 589 Livestock 589 Mail Time 590 Manganese 589 Manufactures 589 Minerals 589 Money Orders 590 Money, Weights and Measures 589 Oats 589 Olive Oil 589 Parcel Post 590 Peas 589 Phosphate 689 Post OflBces 589 Postal Rates 590 Potatoes 589 Production and Industry 688-689 Railways 689 Roads 589 Shipping Routes 690 Sponge Fisheries 589 Telegraphs 589 Telephones 689 Wheat 589 Page Tunis (cent.): Wine 689 Wool 689 Zinc 689 Tunis (city), Tunis 685 Turgai (prov.), Russia 366 Turin (Torino), Italy 307 Turkestan (prov.), Russia 365 Turkey: Agriculture 397 Area and Population 396-396 Automobiles 691 Cable Rates 399 Chrome Ore 398 Cities, Population 396 Coal 397 Coffee 397 Commerce 396-397 Consular Regulations 399 Copper 398 Customs Tariff 398 Exports 396-397 Fisneries 398 Forest Resources 397 Gold 398 Imports 390-397 Iron 398 Langiiage 398 Mail Time 399 Manganese 398 Manufactures 398 Minerals 398 Money Orders 399 Money, Weights and Measures 398 Parcel Post 399 Petroleum 398 Post Offices 398 Postal Rates 399 Production and Industry 397-398 Railways 398 Shipping Routes 398 SUi?er.\^ 398 Telegraphs 398 Territorial Changes 396 Tobacco 397 Zinc 398 Turks Islands, British West Indies 88 Tuscany (dept.), Italy 306 Tutova (dept.), Rumania 346 Tutuila Island. Samoan Islands 638 Tu«la, Jugo-Slavia 315 Tver (prov.), Russia 354 Tver (city). Russia 355 Twillingate, Newfoundland 10 Tyrol (prov.), Austria 219 Tyrone (co.), Ireland «« Ubangi, Shari-Chad Colony, French Equa- torial Africa Wft Ubangi-Shari Circumscription, French Equa- torial Africa 676 Ubon Rajatani (dept.), Siam 502 Uddevalla. Sweden 884 Udine (prov.). Italy 8M Udine (city), Italy 307 Udom (dept.), Siam 502 Ufa (prov.), Russia 364 Ufa (citv). Russia 366 Uganda, Lake. East Africa 649 Uganda Protectorate: Agriculture 658 Area and Population 552 Beans 563 Cocoa 553 Coffee 553 Commerce 562 Cotton 553 Crops 558 Page Uganda Protectorate (cont.) : Exports 552 Fruit 553 Imports 552 Railways 553 Roads 553 Rubber 553 Sweet Potatoes 553 Telegraphs 553 Telephones 553 Uji-Yamada, Japan 471 Ujpest, Hungary 299 Ukrainia, New Russian State 364 Ukrainia: Area and Population 367 Cities, Population 367 Provinces 367 Uleaborg, Finland 267 Ulm, Germany 278 Ulster, Ireland 402 Uman, Russia 355 Unfederated Malay States, see Malay States, Unfederated. Union of South Africa: Advertising Media 546 Agriculture 540 Area and Population 529 Asbestos 542 Automobiles 691 Barley 540 Cities, Population 529 Climate 529 Coal 542 Coke 542 Commerce 530-539 Consular Regulations 546 Copper 542 Com 540 Cotton 540 Crops 540 Customs Tariff 546 Dairy Products 540 Diamonds 542 Exports '.'.'.'.'.'. !630-538 Fisheries 541 Flint 542 Fruit 540 Gold 541, 542 Oraphite 542 Imports 530-539 Industrial Establishments 542-545 Language 546 Lead 542 Lime 542 Livestock 540 Magnesite 542 Mail Time 547 Manufactures 542-545 Minerals 541-542 Mining Industry 541-542 Mining Stores 538-539 Money Orders 547 Money, Weights and Measures 546 Oata--- 540 Parcel Post 547 Postal Rates 547 Production and Industry ! 540-545 Provinces 529 Rye ! 540 gal.t ••. ••• 542 shipping Routes 546 Silver 542 Sugar 540 Tea 540 Tin 542 Tobacco 540 Wattle-bark 540 Whaling 541 Wheat 540 Page United Kingdom: Advertising Media 422 Agriculture ', . [414-417 Area and Population ............. !401-402 Automobiles 691 Barley 4i4,'4i5."416. 417 Beans 414, 415, 416. 417 Cable Rates 422 Chalk .'.'.'.".'.'.' 417 Cities, Population 402 Clay 417 Coal 417. 418 Commerce 403-413 Consular Regulations 421 Consular Representatives 421 Copper 418 Crops 414-417 Customs Tariff 421 Exports 403-413 Fisheries 419 Flax 415, 416 Gold 418 Hay 415, 416. 417 Hops 415, 416 Imports 403-407 Iron 417, 418 Lead 418 Limestone 417 Livestock 415, 416 Manufactures 419-420 Metallurgical Industry 420 Minerals 417-418 Money Orders 422 Money, Weights and Measures 420-421 Oats 414, 415, 416, 417 Parcel Post 422 Peas 414, 415, 416, 417 Population, Occupations 414 Post Offices 421 Postal Rates 422 Potetoes 416, 416, 417 Production and Industry 414-420 Quarrying 417 Railways 421 Registered Companies 419 Rye 414. 415, 416, 417 Salt 417 Sandstone 417 Shale 417 Shipping 421 Shipping Routes 422 Silver 418 Telegraphs 421 Telephones 421 Textile Industry 420 Tin 418 Vegetables 414, 415. 416. 417 Wheat 414, 415, 416. 417 Zinc 418 United States: Exports 655, 656, 657, 658, 659.660, 662, 664, 667 Foreign Trade 665 Imports 661, 662, 664 Upper Austria (prov.). Austria 219 Upper Senegal and Niger: Area and Population 674 Cities. Population 674 Exports 574 Imports 574 Livestock 574 Production and Industry 574 Uppsala (govt.). Sweden 385 Uppsala (city). Sweden 384 Uraba (com.), Colombia 153 Uralsk (prov.), Russia 355 Uralsk (city), Russia 355 Uranium, Australia 606 Uri (canton), Switzerland 391 764 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS : Page Uruguay..,.,......: 201-^ Advertising Media ^ Agriculture 201. 205 Area and Population 201, ^j Automobiles o^c Barley 205 Cable Rates 207 Cities, Population ^"f Climate 201 Commerce "^ onR Consular Regulations ^"^ Consular Representatives ^ Crops 205 Customs Tariff ^ Departments AAA ««o ^ M:::::::::::::::::::::;:::^'.^;i Industrial Establishments ^ Linseed *JS Livestock 205 Maize 205 Manufactures 201, 205 Meat Industry ^ Minerals 205 Money Orders ^ Money, Weights and Measures ^ Oats 205 Parcel Post 207 Postal Rates *Jvi Production and Industry •J'* Railways ^ Shipping Routes *J« Telephones 5~ Tobacco 205 Wheat 2^ Wme 205 Uskub, Jugo-Slavia 3io Usulutin (dept.). Salvador »* UsulutAn (city), Salvador »» Usumbura, East Africa |*y Utrecht (prov.), Netherlands «21 Utrecht (city). Netherlands ^ Utsunomiya, Japan *^* Uvea Island, New Caledonia "3* V Valchea (dept.), Rumania 346 Valdivia (prov.). ChUe l« Valdivia (city), ChUe J*3 Valencia (prov.), Spain ^^u Valencia (city), Spain 3^ Valencia, Veneiuela ^0» Valie (dept.). Colombia 153 Valladolid (prov.), Spain 370 Valladolid (city), Spain 369 Valletta, Malta Island 320 Valona, Albania 217 Valparaiso (prov.), Chile J^d Valparaiso (city), Chile J*2 Vanadium, Peru 196, 198 Vancouver, Canada * Vanem, Lake (govt.), Sweden ^ Vanilla, Comoro Islands ^y« Vanua Levu Island, Fiji Islands 616 Var (dept.), France 2W Varmland (govt.), Sweden ^^ Varna (dist.), Bulgaria 236 Varna (city), Bulgaria ^ Varoshia, Cyprus ^^ Vasa, Finland 257 Vaslui (dept.), Rumania 346 Vasteras, Sweden ^** Vasterbotten (govt.), Sweden 3|5 Vastemorrland (govt.), Sweden 3»o Vastmanland (govt.), Sweden 3»o Vattem, Lake (govt.), Sweden ^ Vaucluse (dept.), France ^ Vaupes (com.), Colombia ••;••; loo Vella Labella Island, Solomon Islands W» Vendue (dept.), France 263 Venetia (dept.). Italy JM Veneria (prov.), Italy %^ Venezuela. ^"®"?}S Advertising Media oao o?i Agriculture 208, 214 Area and Population *W Asphalt 216 Automobiles xTi Cable Rates *16 Cacao *»* Cities, Population *J2 Climate 208 Coal 2}J Coffee ona_?ll Commerce ^^*^?}J Consular Regulations *1® Consular Representatives 216 Customs Tariff oAa_5}5 Exports ^•??J"?}i Forest Resources 208, 214, ^15 Gold 215 im^rts.v.::.:::.: 209-212 L^tock:::::::::::::::: 208.215 Manufactures jj^ Minerals *J^ Money Orders 216 Money, Weights and Measures 215 Parcel Post 216 Pearl Fisheries *J^ Petroleum *J« Post Offices 215 Postal Rates 216 Production and Industry j«i* Railways 2"^?!S Roads 215 Shipping Routes j«io Sugar %\* Telegraphs. *J5 Venice (Veneiia), Italy 307 Vera Cms (state), Mexico 1* Vera Cms (city), Mexico j* Veraguas (prov.), Panama *» Verdun, Canada . . J Verona (prov.), Italy 305 Verona (city), Italy 307 Verria, Greece ^ Verviers, Belgium. *g" Vest-Agder (dist.). Norway 327 Vestfold (dist.) , Norway •••.•••••: 327 Vianna do CasteUo (dist.), Portugal 338 Viborg, Finland. 257 Vicensa (prov.), Italy 305 Vicenia (city), Italy. . . 307 Victoria (state). Austraha 601 Victoria. Braiil *-*» Victoria, Canada l Victoria, Kamerun ^7 Victoria, Labuan Island . . ... ••••.• °^ Victoria Island, British Pacific Islands 627 Victoria, Lake, East Africa 549 Vidin (dist.), Bulgaria 236 Vienna, Austria ^^» Vienne (dept.), France. 263 Vigan, Philippine Islands 645 Villadecura, Venesuela fW VUla del Pilar. Paraguay.. 1|4 Villa Real (dist.). Portugal 338 Villarica, Paraguay, oka \tl Vilna (prov.). Russia ^^'Sf} Vilna. Lithuania ^ Vinnitsa, Russia .,. . • „o^ Virgin Islands. British, West Indies 88, 89 Virgin Islands of the United States: Area and Population 104 Cable Rates JgJ Commerce JJ** Exports 104 Imports Jx* Money, Weights and Measures 104 INDEX 765 Page Virgin Islands of the United States (cent.): Production and Industry 104 Shipping Routes 104 Vitebsk, Russia 355 Vitebsk (prov.), Russia 354 Viti Lfevu Island, Fiji Islands 616 Vitoria, Spain 369 Viscaya (Biscay) (prov.), Spain 370 Viscu (dist.), Portugal 338 Vladikavkas, Russia 355 Vladimir (prov.), Russia 354 Vladimir (city). Russia 356 Vladivostok. Russia 355 Vlashka (dept.), Rumania. 346 Vadena, Greece 291 Volhynia (prov.), Russia 364 Volo, Greece 291 Vologda (prov.), Russia 354 Vologda (city), Russia 356 Volsk, Russia 355 Voralberg (prov.), Austria 219 Voronezh (prov.), Russia 354 Voronezh (city), Russia 355 Vosgea (dept.), France 263 Vratsa (dist.), Bulgaria 236 Vyatka (prov.), Russia 354 Vyatka (city). Russia 356 Vyazma. Russia 366 Vyemyi. Russia 365 W Wadai. French Equatorial Africa 675 Wakamatsu (Fukouka-ken), Japan 471 Wakamatsu (Fukushima-ken). Japan 471 Wakayama, Japan 471 Wales: Area and Population 401 Counties 401 Wallis Archipelago. New Caledonia 636 Walvis Bay. Protectorate of Southwest Africa 569 Wanganui, New Zealand 620 Wanhsien, China 429 Warri, Nigeria 558 Warsaw, Poland 333 Warwick (co.). England 401 Waterford (oo.). Ireland 402 Waterpower: Finland 260 Greece 295, 296 Waterways: Belgian Congo 622 China 442 Finland 261 France 272 Hungary 303 Liberia 591 Netherlands 326 Russia 363 Seneml 673 Watlings Island, British West Indies 69 Wattle-bark, Union of South Africa 640 Wasan, Morocco 592 Weihaiwei, China 446 Wellington (prov.). New Zealand 619 Wellington (city). New Zealand 620 Wels, Austria 219 Wenchow, China 429 West Australia (state), Australia 601 West Prussia (Poland) 333 Westland (prov.). New Zealand 619 Westmeath (co.). Ireland 402 Westmoreland (co.), England 401 Westmount, Canada 1 Wexford (co.). Ireland 402 Wheat: Argentina 116 Australia 603, 604 AustriA .••••••••.••••••• , 2^3 Belgium 231 Page Wheat (continued): Bulgaria 238 Canada 4 Chile 148 CsTjrus 239 Czecho-Slovakia 242, 243 Denmark 250 Egypt 563 Finland 258-259 France 269 Germany 283 Hungary 302 India, British 463 Ireland 416-417 Italy 309 Japan , . . . 478 Jugo-Slavia 317 Netherlands 325 New Zealand 622 Norway 329 Peru 197 Portugal 341 Rumana 360 Russia 360 Spain 380, 381 Sweden 386, 387 Switzerland 391 Tunis 589 Union of South Africa 540 United Kingdom 414, 415, 416. 417 Uruguay 206 World's Production 694 Wicklow (co.), Ireland 402 Wien Neustadt, Austria 219 Wiesbaden. Germany 278 Wigtown (coO, Scotland 402 Wiflemstad, Curafao 70 Wiltshire (co.), England 401 Windhuk, Protectorate of Southwest Africa . 659 Windsor, Canada 1 Windward Islands 104. 106 Agriculture 104, 105, 106 Area and Population 104 Cable Rates 105 Commerce 104, 105, 106 Coffee 105 Consular Regulations 105 Customs Tariff 105 Exports 105, 106 Imports 105, 106 Island of Grenada 104, 105 Island of St. Lucia 106 Island of St. Vincent 105 Parcel Post 106 Postal Rates 106 Production and Industry 105, 106 Shipping Routes 105 Sugar 106 Wine: Algeria 579 Argentina 116 France. . 269 Germany 283 Greece 294 Italy 309 Portugal 341 Spain 377 Tunis 589 Uruguay 205 World's Production 694 Winnipeg, Canada 1 Wireless Stations: Australia 615 East Africa. ...*,......., . 549 Ecuador. « .".,..;....:. .-. . V.;".;. . j . ;. . s . . • 166 Frencn EquatoriA> Africa :.. ^ . r .'.*.... . 575 Guam Island 616 Italian g6ma{iUyid ; .;. ^ . .^. /..\.i.*. 590 Ivcry Cop.st ^ . . .^ ^. ... '.%.< ..... 572 766 EXPORTER'S GAZETTEER OF FOREIGN MARKETS nti Page Wireless Stations (continued): ^^ Japan woa Madagascar Xm Morocco ^cQ Phibppine Islands 9^ Samoan Islands °^ Siam ?V; Somaliland Protectorate |gj Witkowitz, Czechoslovakia 240 Wolfram: gQg Australia ,■•••• ioA Federated Malay States JJ* Portugal SjX Spain *** Wood Pulp: 7 ^iw.::::;;:;:::::::::::'.'.::---''-^^^ Wool: >54 Exports ^^liSl Imports M4 Manufactures rr? Money, Weights and Meaaurea o»« Post Offices ?S Railways T?: Roads ^ Telephones • • • • • • ^ Zanzibar (city). Zanzibar Protectorate &M Zanzibar Island. Zanzibar Protectorate JM Zaragoza (prov.), Spain |^ Zaragoza (city). Spain. ^ Zealand (prov.). Netherlands et J Zeyla. Somaliland Protectorate orr^XT Zhitomir, Russia d5&-dO/ Zinc: 608 Austraha 223,224 Austna **"• 032 Belpum J25 Bohvia 245 Czecho-SIovakia J^ France 4.4 French Indo Chma 077 287 Germany ^' '296 ^Jf"^ :: 310 I^'y : : . . .196. 198 Peru 335 Poland ggj J"8«* : '.379. 380 Spain '387 ^eden 589 Tun« ;;; 393 Turkey 4*0 United Kingdom. ^.q Zizkow. Czecho-Slovakia t^ Zlatoust. Russia ^-jg Zwickau. Germany 322 Zwolle, Netherlands goi Zug (canton). Switzerland 209 Zulia (state). Venezuela _^j Zurich, Switzerland REDUCTION RATIO I ■ ■ I > J^^ o 3 3 or o > 05.0 Is I? c/) ^ N CO a>x ^-< CX)NI vo o ^4^. ■v^ 3 3 > CD o m CD O N < X -< ^, «?!i ' ^ O/ .'VxS V. 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NORTH DEVON] wf*tMir£. >lt8elUrk "* \ >v tiaabaiio -^v •Tlvfik ISLAND (yap.) ^<^^ -■•' %^.Lopatk» 9p*iioMyaHiR ^ (1)A»MUTAI ^•r AA^kA wubi^r^ A'- (^ •'Will* /. . v^ . X^l^divostok, , N JEA OF I f.JfAFANjr .* r»uito MACELHACS MJ^y PttJ. I ^^ /naiuka ij. .;. SABUYAN (S. CHINA yk.y^§rv (t/.s.) paraci/ajL - V^/1SV»AM*« Bruaeil VtlUAHERA OR r siui.a vf ..#' '"H^^^ V \ \ ANSON AflCHM^tpkOO j^ ARCrtlPELAGO '^ MARIAf4N^ Ofil LADRo\lE IS. (Oer) A J GUAM SENIAV /^ AS«r«4(.Ty ■^v- yUfftt Sea fUS£S_ Banda Sea •' A"' N IS., -^ . c MARSHALL ISLANDS (tf»r.) ; 4» GILBERT IS./ (Br.) fj • t ^^^"«i;*.^0"^ SOLOMON o jJrwooo- / 0\ , jS r'Afioo IS.. J., • jjrrmoR uut lOR .<€ra/Mra^a I ^"^fcnTll"^ -Ly» • Tmior S«a^-' PaliffiMeB / ,TT,- , Jci*E *• Cr ^ £" ^vl^"¥t.A»«bBS^ T^ 'I.C0''ktjV^ B fo owt TvBiMBto OfaO T" lT0»D-iill, a^ ekbami tun LACOON OR . */ CLLICE IS/ ISLANDS {Br.) ^ (,i»r) -SANTA CRUZ "^(,i*r ) -SANTA CRUZ « ^riBlTU SANTO^v* ■Ail-ICOllUbtvS^ MCW HEBRIDES {Br.) VITI LiV NE«^«"'^*iTY;i CALEDONiT '»'''' CiV.h -<^ — AN * * ^ ^t-<^»^*' ANUREANQit MIDWAY L l/.S^ 'OtNAK I. iDiAX I. r^JABo^ rtJieMurra; >HUMAOIN Ift, ■SiLka.^ M-pF WALES, I. \Duun E^t. QUeeN,CHARLOrT ISLAND (^u( '^•-. HUDSON fi •YARTE PEN ^ Vmaiia EioriL KING WILLUM R E E N L A N D (Deni/iarfc) fruttt Juatf Fd. /^wj SCORESBT LO fa tCkurchUl ^ j^ Y DA VIS i \ t¥aahing! TRAIT 4 jCAJelatr erikadal B«U /iir«««U 'Nail ■ J' >^^opedal« VANCO'jVt ITi. 2^°®, — — OF CANCER HA^VAI / / / / / / POUTNESiyi 8PORAQE3 'HAWAII ^1 /©/ IS.', IV /. / UNio;i CHRISTMAS I FIJI l^viNUA^m^^iKf*' 8AM0A0R NAVIciTOR IS. . .'^'8to (* „l '"^-tivjlLOWSIO jBoUe/^-iui.PAwJ' tf«v\BlBi»B B VMlBi-tap Pl«rT« Suu rrsncl "TTc^ Canon ^ 'legu nB^IUjiiBU Ww.; ^! tarUs^m I ISLflS VS^ ^s?--^'!- ------ t M «n aiJ.''o a. EQUATOR HARQufsAS M. • LOW ARCHIPELAGO TROPIC OF few Orlesi t^* <^ .. Lii> >~ . *.;>4l*'" »lia»iinlliK!^n^ma RCVILLAGIGEOO IS. -Acapuloo AMEKICA*^^ C0CO6 I.' \ ,« ^'7M^^^..2. » ■ ri. — ^ « » _;t» »« „ CARACAS - OALAPAGOS IS l^tmMtm) tWrAuqi * ?\.M«nao* CANCER ^>l LambiL;< N* B AntoDig TlUa Bella Z' ^ - - Maria CaL kHCujaba^-Qo/*!-* A( r , Pacheco Dakj \ ^athunl ^^^^y ^ ir^ilnaV T.^ '^ (J noioria JANEIRO ^N' TROPIC C^" G 80° K M »• N ets. N ^^r ,ARr>4tm L& o^ "Viteooery Pt PR La»d» End. C Jf an It in. Cbachsen '^ I «>- tSAC _ ^ ^ PRISCE " JmGNti ^^^^ V, 2 ,j, GVSTA V ADOLF ^"S^lk^^tSi-^^^ CMaclintock *^-^ STIAH, "Pf-Atfrtd C. CKuitil ft HALL LAND WASHINGTON LAND >i Ulumboldt ^^'^ 'Glaeur ''"•'■ C'A 57 BASIS r 1 "Vj^r i PRUOMOE LAND f(aUr ^^^'(tSl'tN ■^ TlRr^'Jf^ Barmiw Strait /'oil ., MELVILLE A:,^ . „^' . ,_ SOUND ^1 rJS 7.^/ * Ft,8<:lUrk la'V^ L. \ ^ BAFFIN >Lake ft AttwttrL- t Slave ndur <*-, ♦ nj5 OF WALE^I.^ Injijn KnU iftM*** Cn*HLQTT ISlAN • -» VAhCO'jVtRM >ietT ^COCKBURN * O/K LAND ♦/•^ Mrt^A C. KING I WILLIAM R E E N li A N D ' {Dentnark) PrmntJuttf LAND C. BUmarek \ KOLDCWAT l4. •VARTE PE.N FwrJ. Fox At^ttiit\ l^ TON ~ BELL U^ ''^n !ff«frt(frfr ^ "fcCAurcAW/ DAVIS .'. >ya»Ainjfi STRAIT % ndiur • .« J L«-(jP Edraoiiti % J»" (^tMBol ' A^ .R«8«»r „lf»nn; BM| BurtlAoJ / i-. Vndooinnp I ■ ' .. ■iiiilW^.^, .Uel w SHANNON I. KUHH I. 'CCAVERINQ I. ~1 LO. R , C^.ARLE8\\r r.RELANOW^ 40' ^.Jfin AUTMUt I f M' .SEVEN IS. ■HANZ JOSEF LAND NORTH EAg LAND >?" NO8THBR00K I. 6ALW I. , C.Uigh Smith Barm$»urth ^• ''^^J ' ?. ^ wYCHcg la. .^ Boutk C. EAR t. JAN MATCN --'^CCrivtl Itr Ulinmdl ^ CSortho-Y k> ^ ^ -' ■^^-- C.0a» . ^ 5> ARCTIC Qodibai Lluhteofi FreJ«Tlk(hu' lioUTik ^ Belkia HOPE L B A KENT C E C.UauriHua C.ffn««1V f/oHk C. Buaibtrf' fV^" ifordent^Jald B^ s> SEA C .-^^^muc. Trooj CIRCLE ;socUT|ON I. c.Daolan, C.VhiUlty juii laplrofr PAROE 19. •HETLANO Ity FanMHLl EtkitHO B. ■fet-Joba ORKNCr IS^ MCS'llOES rw.ri LOP .MX N I9» AltUhoux SMfcHS PEN. KOLGUeV C.Kanin VIQTEN 19 Nam* Krtui i Matotehkin Shar Malltr B<^f MESIKISHARSKt Alexd VMiddtndorf J^ - ^ CCh^lijuafcin SOLITUDE I. NOROENSKIOLDS GR. TAIMYR »^ KARA WHtTEi.'"i»:j;ft, •". CSkuratma f C AViarMut'oi ^AIGA'A Llcabo^ C1iriitl>a«a Aklae« B«r| VlcuL. X s^^oi nesk - YALMAL &, 90 ir B^^n Avtm* Pola'povskoji r ) Shete% L> ^•"ma Mta.i rstOTKHOfc .1 '-NlkAUk BRIJISU Gi ISLES berd««o •'"■•JAberiU* ruxupt ruma NIxhnlNov] t(A Sau Franel ■.A,)'^; ^^s.^--^^'^--"' ^r-----' 'CwioD Q^' AS^"*^*"!?^ >«pCi/noi:p«»o Ange £mt«nad lie OF CANCER [ c 'qibuahuat-: jbulactoa mil* V.^t^.<-^ "..f \/ REVILLAulGEDO 339» ai0 8 *»;/"i; luH ii^ SiUSt^A-Hl'NGA Bor^lftJ .^^ BudSHettivl L^^;y sAV g;|p^ i>J«oel». 1C OF CENTRAL"^ ^ ^^**>i'^W*«ffr c^^ ^♦ \^ \ CANARY CANCER Paltnno , ^TVil>oll TBI^JOLIJ oM«rmh *^ ^l ' »wl**p ■«»»****<— *« M«q^ ^ JLFi — 2w_ EQUATOR FreetdmiBer > S >AS (9. QALAPACOS ISr Cuafs4 tamtia;* ."^i Viatka ■# L .S Viatka <^ | -Eli^t. fa Tro 4^\ Surgut 70 *. Xargal ^^ ^-j !V4 ^S .4rt k>hin.£b /^fvi**'*" ; KmOoI ■taurrtni -T e' o'4ifpif>' ; Dami Cairo if- E ti Y P E J* -s ■ rt ^ ■* X Kobdo '^- ' Bull* Tokhol — S. \ -f- TKuldja Veroo/e|v tl"^^"" Guteben 4 'N C-» ^^i\< 1.1. ». ^"^^«sr>»"' lia«»bar,j^Tirfaa ^V^un. fa Gobi or Shqmo Desert^ Suchau Kbalm. Kabiil \^\'^ ^;i^>-. V Uaiia A A H G li U /isaia'j, JSAR FUR o ) \ V BQTPTt aNNf lAiiili-- \»: gT.rHOwAS 1.1 KabWifl I/oao(l| HjELGlkN T ^'^ 'CHLLLES IS. (BO CMAC06 AHCH. BATOO I , 4x Arkbtn'k £0\ Tchimaim ^ * s Nurba Vi SuDtmr Murjnsk 0/e AION I J^ishni Lolv-msk 'M Z \----l :^ "• — /f- — T«Ukumapi { ; i y^"^ r~f BarlUkhi \ jlollek>\ ).c^ J^ ^t!^^°''*'>«, \ PloblichUh. /> "> "^ ViiuUk > ..^* ''^'^* //•^V ARCTICv C'RCLE -- ''"'"pj Sinski *lfiin»kr-j^ ^' S" GorbitBmc,Igna*hln» ^Gbiahl«inilt-*^ P»B«hinik' :onk X liatt C- Oliu / O B'^-MATHCW 1.^ -^?-< / Pujrluk o (< G O III A TuT Uonbun c i^tu KARAGIN \ /f ^^6£V»A«0 PI .V,«y^"]"*"^lf*in*rtA / SEA OF /^KAMC^ATKA ^,'1 _ ^v .1, ^ Qf^eAT" "I'iOA * aj y^.u/ etRiNG I. .' Tchumik«n/^., SMAMTAfl 13, -^ /A'amVAatia^ v-^O-aKooMki .8. hln» "'■IVyl I . d A'run«t«iru« & i ^^- tt«i»Tl«f ik Ai'yu C\; • ^ ^ ■f ,^--_0>PA"o'""( ^ y;* J/X ^SAKHALIN '**n!rj. \X I \ ^^ -VI VBlag<)/iescLensfcn /f*^ *ul ^*V.Ia«»a \ laN^J? P«bko»^^~»fiM^|SLANO .'/ . ■ > L/"II tJ ^ s-iiA«»uit«i Vfl C.Pittitnct N, ^Vfiikolskoye | /^Nuf/'^ ^ jVladivQgto k c^ ^^ -S? Ngmvi IIViK l" ^' 20 X 'ahson AhCmSSVAOO 3^ ^IPELAGO MARI>y*i c- c.tfui.«r> TON =■ - • ■''-' -*- ■* — < UlNSflELO HUDSON ^oX>. '«^> VANCO'jVtR^ port C.Duffci STRAIT trtapf ea Godthia: Uebtet.'=« Frcdcrikalxbtd sOLUTtot* I. c.De»»-' C.ChvdUy Jl_ Buitlui Kan Krancl ^autAINV.I c MARSHALL ISLANDS / N IS. . ^ MIOWAT U if-'-. ^«?: s* ^ffis^ T^ ^/ 1^ .V, y ^> /juitiiws I GILBERT POUTNESiyi spoAadEs * CHUI r»tC»5Tt*ux IS. :owa n.-. Ilia "^ SOLOMON k4-i LACOOM on tLLICI^*/ ISLANDS (£r.) ^ - ^(.flr ) -SANTA C«U» < IIAL11CCI.L%^0 (Jtr,)/d Hew HeBRlO£&. -,, u, •^ (iir.*rf.) ,. *"'" iktaiBptott V irjtjorougl lc:i ^j^ t/r.-)- -^ ^ ifeyOLK I, I o 60 iLl '•ifrmu* ''*• ^ T-"^i£:r ^ Jv- Ror-ic CMniSTMAS I. EaMSAd OF CANCER I c HE CALCOONL '>:-V.) • » PiTCAlM TROPIC OF Dutit I. QAUAPAGOS IS." {19 SnaJor) Lu&bsyt CJkPRIcbgN \ V" EASTER I. III CHATHAM IS. V I SOOXTY I. j ANTIPODCS I., MACOOAPfliE I, liiH«r A cKiic •OAMPBCLL I. MAP OP THE WOULD o:n mekcator's pkojection COLONIAL POSSESSIONS I I Qreat Britain \ J Portugal \ \ Italy \\ . J France \ 1 Spain Netherlands Denmark N X" 3MIt3lM.;*'' TucopiJU.'^ ASM USm|^> V Talpsrals^ vTueuman t> ConcepcJedl^' \ CHOliOS ARlbM;- ^ ^\| [ ^ 8tr-nf Magtlia DESOLATION A-CEL Fuf GO '-*. STATER I. HOST£'fr^>RAVARm I Cape Horn / rALKLARO IS. tea {Br^ t*^) AMFI •OUTH SHETLAND IS. ** (Br.) Br.)\^ SOWTm OMRfll {Br.) ANTWERP '^fe} 120° B 140' C 160" 100' 140' 120° Longitude H West 100- from Greenwich 80° K 60" M ~i>. '/-/. /^ ' V>'i jL>a»--n->^ \ N. hit* Ban* \ > KINi WILLIA^I LAND t Slave Lake IC.Boptr < X J>AV1S "''?/Xr^o\:^^ STRAIT HUDSON (habagka £^ '. CAurcAiZi MbavB (ianihaab FT" &^- C.OHtHl tUbrandt j^ CSorlh 'C.Dmm ^ VANCO'J Oodtbulj Llcbtenfe] FredttllubMl * ■'"HEsoLOT o»* t. r T>i ■ I r II 1 1 \" 1 1 if 1^^ 1^ Xelkl ^ ^V^ *^ JLC_ J.CIRCLB AUUho ■ itirtawU brtlaod X\ajixmCj.Q 'SUml £mrcl(m Top ^hacameotdi > <^^-5'C»»ionQf. / Let AngetetJ^^ ~ 8«D IJiee PF CANCER C CGUATOR low ARCHIPELAGO ^ {Fr.) C.Adelaer 0>i^ai/l. «««" rcfikT«in« Onu REVILLACIGEOO IS. MC OF yCARIBBXAH *^^*A '^ ti*',*^'^ C£NTKAL ^V AME ./ .X TROPIC OF OlIClE I. \ CAPRIcby N. (i»r.) MAP OF WORLD ATOR'S PROJECTION HAL POSSESSIONS -" ^J Portugal \ \ Italy Spain [ Netherlands EASTER I. cocoei: \^ff QALAPAGOS IS.*' (/• £raaJ«r) A20REi iuplTufr 'AROC IS. SHETLAND ISu ORKNEY IS.. rWick Treoii LOr.MKN ISj, VKJTEN IS. " ^ [^^ L A P L i^I^ D ,H K^LA PEN. Ule«bo^ FISHERS PEN. KOLGueV Ij^ wA'SA* C.Kanm {/ ^. ^ K4NirA yjtj PEN. iv' Chrbtluiaan B«ra \y QfidorBlcS ljj>'li O CbrlttUaHod^O, HEB^IDE ^ uJtSjT *'*lAber«A6^Kdl"±S^'ria. »tsjii>lic-~- , Sbarkalaoskol Surgut VPoliiporgkoTe '" / i ' ) S/ietei C PUkhino) ^'"ern.a Mta Turukbansk ^ Jo Fatiaoak >itT-...*i^'-:i^'sW==frr''''A •^Kwitruina ISLES IBI aoV tarsaw ssiifS^' NlthnlNovVi>Tod ^cT r-EvV Tobolsk \ l^ pj -^ V /"^i^'l?'"%/ /J'^lar^ DubroTna" Om Verkne ^lobatekoL „Vcrkno Teniseisf L:Ml}iitlUl-H I N G A RTt oif AkmpliDsk c_,i„. >^ Astrakhafi <) .3 bV r'MlMia , thiTa ^s^s. Naph »'i37"*A MADEIRA I •Jar CANCER CAPE VERD( 18. cr iil»-?^ a!)«a ,* Of .ndrpTik ^»Trebli*" fr-^pi!ooToi8k\^?r:3**^ — :. *r-*^*-*^ Artsat RAJ>eL FU^OO ^ IM **-*- STATEH I. H08TE R--5JnAVARIH I Caj}« Horn •OUTH SHETLAND la. ' (A-.) ANTwinr I, FALKLAND tS. SOUTH ORKNEY rJOINVILLC I. (fir.) SOUTH GEORQU ASCENSION I. («r.) ST HELE TROPtC OF CAPRICORN a ;.^ Sl'DUS 8u«a/ \V., 'i»™*",»-Tirfaa , .S-. Go6/ or Shfimo Desert _ Sucbai V'"Ui^ Tangla C^^^ _T«a.I B E T \1' J' ^ ^Ccbiamdc Lanchau .a9 sck:-ra CfUarXi/'tfl 'EAST / AFBU G^ Loauilj '^OTV Raduuiu Bengul MoasamcJcj CA A I r..Ol AFrrcAjk,.^:'j;;>-,.,„ LACCADIVE ISTV t*0 ''\ V. Colo MALOIVE IST-'- eCUATOR 30CMELLES tS. ^>- ■s*^ », • lasidJ N 3 ( anocui| ^ A*TmSTAN OA CUHNA .^^ .'" V \MFJTCAN r:\POKTER M, • A!«A SOOTH !«.■« •J»^ ' tuoctaiA J U.JVM Pi i-b f'Mafdtl /'I Jobas' amatav* uiiarivo .RODRIGUEZ Flrtiauphin T Mari4 J ^^^AURITIUS (*■•) C.«/ Gooer and Cardboard, we can supply your needs with utmost satisfaction. Papers of various textures, weight and colors for catalogues, booklets, circulars, letterheads, mailing cards and all other purposes. Our research department will gladly assist you in the selection of paper most suitable for your requirements Or if you desire stock specially made up, dependable suggestions will be made without obligation. Export orders handled only through exporters. SEAMAN PAPER COMPANY CHICAGO 208 So. La Salle St. NEW YORK 200 Fifth Ave. The most economical and etfectivc way to reach the foreign buyer is by solicitation through mail — catalogs, folders, pamph- lets, etc. Does your literature reflect your high standards > Our plant is ready now to run otf that circular for you m any of the leading commercial languages. Let us estimate on your next job. PREMIER PRINTING CO. 328 Seventh Avenue New York City HELPS YOU GET THE MOST OUT OF YOUR EXPORT EFFORTS Judge its value at our expense Book will be sent on approval "PRACTICAL EXPORTING" By B. OLNEY HOUGH, Editor "American Exporter" and Author of "Elementary Lessons in Exporting," "Ocean Traffic and Trade." A complete discussion of export trade problems, describing each phase of exportmg clearly. Tells what to do and what to avoid in foreign trade. A means of correcting common misconceptions. A source of ready reference in answering all questions of export procedure. Many practical suggestions. Five hundred and thirty pages of intensely interesting instruction for the progressive business man and for the student. Reproductions of 39 documents, showing every form used in exporting with instructions for proper filling in. Recommended by the World Trade Bulletin of the U. S. Shipping Board as the best if not the only single book on the subject of exporting in -15 CHAPTERS OF INVALUABLE INFORMATION- 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. Ways and MeanB Some Mistaken Impressions Markets for American Goods The Export Department Foreign Trade Correspondence Traveling Salesmen Abroad Advertising to Get Export Trade Export Commission Houses 9. Local Foreign Sales Agents, Dis- tributors and Branch Offices 10. The Export Order 11. I^eparing Shipments 12. Making the Shipment 13. Marine Insurance 14. Financing Foreign Business 15. Credits, Acceptances and Collections -ANSWERING EVERY PROBLEM THAT ARISES- Book Department AMERICAN EXPORTER 17 Battery PUce, N. Y. C. r^ n<** ^ About Your Export Catalogue HEN you reach the printing stage your choice of a printer may affect your whole export business. If your catalogue or booklet is not right in every way, you will never have a chance to explain to your prospect that what you had hoped to send him was quite different. dL Paying a little more for the real thing is both an investment and an insurance. Charles Francis Press 461 Eighth Avenue New York Telephone, Greeley 3210 ♦♦I WHITEHALL#BUILDING 17 BATTERY PLACE NEW YORK HEADQUARTERS FOR INDUSTRIAL CORPORATIONS STEAMSHIP, COAL AND EXPORT TRADES UNITED STATES REALTY AND IMPROVEMENT CO. TELEPHONE WHITEHALL 1480 lEs F. Newcomb & Co (INCORPORATED) PRODUCERS OF PRINTING FOR CORPORATIONS. BANKS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS Statistical Work a Specialty : * — ;^441-447 PEARL STREET NEW YORK TELEPHONE WORTH 1707 Send for Particulars on Export Packing c. c'Martin With Chapters by W R NESBIT, Chairman Alabama Board of Control and M. G. FITZGERALD, General Eiectnc Co. ELABORATELY and ACCURATELY ILLUSTRATED wirfi Photographs showing Successful Export Packing Methods in Boxing. Baling. Nailing, Water-proof lining. Sizes of Cases. Lumber Used. Crating and Metric Standards. This Accurate and Reliable Book will be invaluable to the Manufacturer, the Exporter and the Shipper. !*■■■■■■■*' Published and For Sale by American Exporter 7 Battery Place (ESTABLISHED 1877) New York City I s HUGH S. JARVIS Executive Office: Sample Rooms: 61 Broadway 31-33 Broadway NEW YORK CITY U.S.A. CM. AddreM: "HUJARVIS", New York. Port of Spain. "LITTE". Baeno. Aires (Argentina) "HUJARVISUH", PwU. EXPORTERS Woolen, Silk and Cotton Piece Goods, General Merchandise, Truck and Auto Accessories IMPORTERS All classes Raw Products, Manufactured Goods, Woolen, Silk and Cotton Piece Goods. Branch Houses BTTKN08 AiBia. AiKentlne, Hugh S. Jarvla MO Avenlda de Mayo Paus, France and Its colonies Cl6 Unlveraelte D' Expoi^ tatlon & Importation, 1 Rue de la Peplnlere, Gen Agent Hugh 8. Janrte, Port of BMOn. Trinidad, B. W. I. Ckntkal Ettbopean Offick, Hugh 8. Jarrla, , ^ _, 40 Rue de la Vlctolre, Parts Bub Agents In all^parts ot.the WMld UJARVI World We We are specialists in the preparation of exportere pamphlets, booklets and catalogs m French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese and Russian. Our plant is equipped and ready to turn out quality work in quantity. LIPSHITZ PRESS SELECT PRINTING CO., Inc. 80 LAFAYETTE STREET NEW YORK CITY Telephone: 1730 Franklin Available to you! iiiiiiiiiiiim Detailed Information on 3.000 Export Houses, Freight Forwarders, Foreign Bankers and Manufacturers' Export Agents in this Country. Under the name of each export merchant the following data is given: Trade rating, if firm employs over $50,000 capital; date established; telephone number; cable address and codes used; branch houses and foreign agencies; other foreign markets covered; kinds of goods exported; goods imported. CONTENTS Contents include Export Merchants in New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, New Orleans, San Francisco, Portland, Seattle, Tacoma. Export Merchants Classified According to Goods Shipped — Export Merchants Classified by Markets Cultivated— Manufacturers' Export Agents, Man- agers of Export Departments and Export Brokers — Leading Bankers Engaged in Foreign Exchange Business — Foreign Exchange Brokers — Marine Insurance Companies in New York City — Foreign Freight For- warders — Some Export Trucking Companies in New York City — Steamship Services to Foreign Ports — How to Ship to Foreign Markets — Consuls of Foreign Countries in the United States — United States Consular and Commercial Representatives in Foreign Countries — Associations for the Promotion of Export Trade — New York Export Merchants Classified by Address — Map of the Export District of New York. EXPORT TRADE DIRECTORY V l illllllllMllli nTrMimilllll M IINllMMltlllllMlllliunnnMiMMM FOREIGN TRADE MARK REGISTRATION . , M M I I I I I I I I H I I I I I I I I M I I I I I 1 I 1 i I 1 I I I I I 1 I I M 1 I t T) aU who export trademarked goods to foreign countries the r.S'^/^ed abstr^foT'the important features of the trademark laws of ~^"untrie8 with my pri.^ for filing applications for registration, will be sent upon request. CHARLES K. FRASER Solicitor of Patents and Trade Marks 170 Broadway, New York, U. S. A. II iiiiiin II II II iiniiii Compiled imder the supervision of B. Olney Hough, with his explan- atory notes to the various sections. Each fact so classified as to make it instantly available. Book print- ed in clear tvpe on strong paper. Makes a durable and indispensable work of reference. SENT ON APPROVAL EXPORT FELIX ZALBIDE BILBAO (SPAIN) Plaza Eliptica 2 PosUl Address: '^«*^*P^'*l^****'^,;„« Apartarde de Correos 262 Zalblde — Pefta — Bilbao Codes In Use: A B C 6th Edition 5 Letters Llebers Code IMPORT J Book Department AMERICAN EXPORTER 17 Battery Place, N.Y.C. Br«.ch in EngUd. ZAUftlDE ALVAREZ & CO. Ud., 5 & 6 Broad St. House New Broad Street, London, E. C. 2. Telegraphic Address - ZALALCO- London Exporter of Spanish Products ot aU Kinds GENERAL MANUFACTURERS' REPRESENTATIVE 1 sell in Spain as agent, or for my own account, all kinds of METAL and METALLURGICAL PRODUCTS, Iron, Steel, Tools, Heavy Hardware Goods, Raw Materials FOR THE Industry, Chemicals, Etc. Cocre.pondeo« Invited Mid Mtried on in SpMish, Bntllih md French. USE THE AMERICAM EXPORTER AMD EHEHD YOURFORHGM TRADE THE WORLD'S LARGEST EXPORT PUBLICATION CIRCULATES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD 43 YEARS The Foreign Buyers* Guide of American Goods Representation in the AMERICAN EXPORT- ER means ioo% pub- licity in 1 8 different trade papers. Each of our 1400 advertisers is classified according to his parlic- ular product. Foreign Trade Service includes translations, credit reports, research work, advisory service, a Weekly Bulletin of foreign buyers visiting this country — also in- quiries from foreign mer- chants. May Our StafF of Practical Exporters Plan that Foreign Campaign for You? Send for '^Export Advertising Results" American Exporter 17 Battery Place, New York City Over 4,000 Closely Printed Pages it Gold Medals: Paris 1900 St. Louis 1901 ^^0i^!l^^^^^^^^^S^^ PubUshed Annually Since 1878 Price $20.00 • Highest Awards: Buffalo 1901 Liege 1906 •vELLYS ? DIRECTORY : , OF ^SHIPPERS : ^'HnViiRih \ Kelly's Directory of Merchants, Manufacturers and Shippers of the World An Export and Import Guide Contains lista^of Importers, Exporters, and Manufacturers, together with kindred trades,^ throughout the world, arranged geographically and classified by trades. Kelly's Customs Tariffs of the World A Companion Volume to the Directory Contains the Tariffs of the whole world, with various information connected theivwith, is printed in thelEnglish language and carefully arranged by the Publishers for quick ana p.afly reference. Price $6.50 Combination— Both Books $24.60 As Buying and Selling Guides for Exporters and Importers these publications have been widely used and highly esteemed through- out the iworld since 1878. All houses rwishing to establish, maintain, or handle Export and Import Trade should use them. As an Advertising Medium they are excellent, the paid circulation being very large and distributed in every part of the world; first class results are invariably obtained. Directories of every description and other Works of Reference covering England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. Directories of South Africa, Australian States and New Zealand For all information apply to KELLY PUBLISHING COMPANY 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY Sm FrwicUM^ Cai. Chicago, ni. Toronto, Canada Haartt Bmldinff 508 S. Dearborn St. S19 Dunn Ave. EFFECTIVE TRANSLATIONS OF CATALOGUES CIRCULARS BOOKLETS A Vital Factor in Cultivating Foreign Markets In dealing with the AMERICAN EXPORTER TRANSLATION BUREAU you are entrust- ing your work to the largest organization of its kind in the world. Our staff niunbers 78 translators and assistants from European and South American countries, specialists in various lines, including engineers, machinists, automobile experts, lawyers, and men with mercantile training. As an absolute assurance that work leaving our offices is technically correct, we have several readers who revise all copy, correspondence, or catalogs, to see that the original translator has interpreted the message correctly in all respects. Another feature of our service is proofreading after the matter has been set up in type. Printing is also handled, if desired. With our service you are relieved of all problems incidental to the publishing of your export literature. We see your job through from beginning to end, rendering correct translations for all technical lines, reading proof, and handling the printing. Estimates promptly furnished. AMERICAN EXPORTER TRANSLATION BUREAU 17 Battery Place New York City EXPORTERS' ENCYCLOPAEDIA The National Handbook For Shippers In Foreign Trade Issued Annually The best advertising in the world is the praise of those who use your product and like it. Mr. C. A. Richards, president of the American International Steel Corpora- tion, writes: "I have used the Encyclopaedia for a great many years and I do not consider that any exporter, whether he is a manufacturer or a commission merchant, can be without this valuable publication. There is practically no question arising in connection with the technique of exporting which cannot be promptly and accurately answered by reference to the Encyclopaedia." We have such letters from little shippers and from the biggest interests in foreign trade, who use the Encyclo- paedias in quantity. For example, the American Express Company uses eleven copies; Goodyear Tire & Rubber, seven copies; National City Bank, six copies; United States Steel Products Co., six copies. The information in the Encyclopaedia is kept up-to- the-minute by Correction Notes published in our weekly magazine Export Trade and Exporters Renew, PRICE: $10.00 POSTPAID Including Export Trade and Exporters Review for subscription year Order Your Copy From EXPORTERS' ENCYCLOPAEDIA CORP. 23 West 43rd Street New York City WRITE FOR ADVERTISING RATES iv ^1 RIKKERS BROS., I NC ■ ■ • 312 BROADWAY NEW YORK, U .S.A. Home Office: 152-7 WarmoesRtraat. AmRt#*rHA»n (Holland) CIRCULATES FO^ ' WEEK Londo. ^LUMBIA :a?ia Cuba EXi OKI - Manaiacturers — IMl^ORT Offices and Showrooms, Amsterdam — Holland A CLEARIN G HOUSE f or Stationery Also big assortments in Paper, Drawing Instruments, School Supplies, Leather Goods, Toilet Articles, Gablonz Glassware and Imitation Jewelry, Fancy Goods, Cutlery, Toys and Dolls. If it is a question of QUALITY, SERVICE AND PRICE- WRITE TO US FOR INFORMATION. I. To Reach American Markets or to Buy American Producti^ tn thp Rpi^t Advanfanf^. |Jse "HENDRI COMMEl OF THE I A Compl nual Regi so arrange can be qui a Buyer or The lists minutely i Mechanicalt Chemical \ ucts, coverij eties, are aj 'the lists i by trades the larger CLASSIFIEi i Supplies for In this secti lists of produc Manufacturers gineering, Hi Mill, Mining, Architectural, Kindred indus of Producers, Consumers. For 28 yea of Classified lii meeting grouc markets and t "HENB 2^700 Pagi COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 0044247087 CIRCULATES FOR ONE TOEK ONL Y D140 '^ Am353 American Exporter Exporter's Gazetteer of Foreisn Markets "s^-'wra K8 , WEEK - — rrjBLTSHED Exclusively by 4 ON b Purchasing "S to distinc- r firms listed TION at once find 1 with whose liar, thereby tion without 1 y Thousands md common )st extensive iTES" » listings. S. E. HENDRICKS COMPANY, INCORPORATED S WEST I3th STREET, — _ NEW YORK, USA. Jtt-7 1999 sR^\ EstabUshed 1S4S 1 NORTON, LILLY & CO Steamship Agent s and Brokers NEW VORK, CHICAGO, NORFOLK, NEWPORT NEWS, NEW ORLEANS, SAN FRANCISCO, SEATIXE General Agents for Steamship Lines from North Atlantic, South Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific Coast Ports of the United States to Vladivostok China Japan Philippines Straits Settlements New Zealand Tasmania South Africa East Africa Spain Portugal Holland Russia Mediterranean Port$ Soutli America India and East Indi^ United Kingdom Blaclc Sea Ports Australia France Levant Forts And Any Other Ports and Places Throughout the World as Opportunity Offers Consignments from Interior Points of the U. S. and Canada to our care will be promptly forwarded. INSURANCE EtFKTED UNWi R OUR OPEN POUCY AT LOWEST RATES SiULING CARDS AND Fl LL INFORlViATION FURNISHED ON BEQUEST DIRECT PASSENGER SERVICE New York Direct to Montevideo and Buenos Aires, South America New York Direct to Cape Town, Durban, Bombay, M^ras, Rangoon and Calcutta BOOKINGS TO ALL PRINCIPAL PORTS OF THE WORLD m END OF TITLE