Jnglia j\[othia • or I THE PRESENT STATE OF England: ; £t)e jfitlT$,wt. ~ i! Together with DIVERS REFLECTIONS UPON The Antient State thereof. By EDWARD C H A U B E R l A r m r L. L D. R. S. S. With feveral ADDITIONS. Jmtam eftTkanc ornah In the S JVOT, Brlfttedb? T. N. for Mittn, Printer to the %.oyil Society, and are tobe S ° 1 ^ t J he ^' sn ot the B eU inS. Psult-Chmh-Ttrd, ^?3j_ SERENISSIMO v Potentifsimoque Principi - CAROLO S EC UNDO, MAGNI BRITANNIA FRANCIS & HIBERNIjE REGI, FIDEI DEFENSORI, PATRI^ RESTAURATORI SECUNDISSIMO. Hanc An gli/e Notitiam D. D. D. HUMILL1MUS SERVUS EDVuiRDVS OUMBERLutYNE. reader: N this fmall Treatife the Reader may not reafonably expert to have his Fancy much de¬ lighted, {Oman res if fa regat , content a dcctri,) but onely to have his m - demanding informed-and therefore the Author hath induftrioufly avoid- A 3 ed To the Reader. ed all curious' Flowers of %hetoric}^ 1> and made it his whole.., bufiqefs to feed his Reader with a- bundant variety of ex¬ cellent Fruits. Here are interfperfed fome obfervations.which though already knowii to many Engli/hmen, yet may . be unknown to mod Strangers and Fo - reigners , for the informa¬ tion of whom this Eoo^ is fecondarily intended • and for that end is lately tranflated into the French To the Redder. French[ Tongue % and. Printed at Amsterdam, and at 5 Tdm- whereby may be extiriguifhed in fomemeafure, the Thirjl which Foreigners gene¬ rally have to know the Trefent State of this confiderable ■Monarchy. -' ^ithdhgh' 1 the ' main' aim is to inform the World of the Trefent State -of this -Kingdom • ■ yet divers r Refleffions are made upon the Tafl State thereof; that fo by com> paring time with the Tre~ c - A 4 fent, Tothe Reader . feat , forae worthy Per* fops * thereby- 4Jbotj ©nely be moved to en-r- deavor the Refiauration of what was heretofore better, and the abolition- of what is now worfe; but alfo iu fomemeafure may forefee without eoi>, fulting our Afirologers and Apocalyptic f Men ,, what will be the Future State of this Ration: According to that excel¬ lent Saying, Qui refpicit preterit a & infpicit pra* fentiay prof picketiam & 7 b the Reader „ fmra. Agoodmorhn by running hac{ to Ages My an( l b {landing jlitl and viewing the prefem times, and comparing the one with the other, may then run forward, and give a Verdicl of the State almo/l and fome" very eminent¬ ly Learned Perfonages yet living , to the end that the. Reader might receive at lead fome fa- refaction in every parti¬ cular,without the trouble and charges of a great Library* And as the Author To the Reader. Author doth lometimes ufe both the Words of the ' L ivin'g ,, and the Writings ! of the Teddy feldomc' quoting any to avoid Of . tentationfo he hopes that this ingenuous Confeffion . being made at firft,. :m i Man will be offended , though he give notice but rarely when the.OfcV ferodtion is theirs, and when it is his own • ha¬ ving taken fpedal care that both in theirs and his own, there fhould be new thing but the Truth. Anri To the Reader, although the Reader not E erceiving every where y what Authority di¬ vers things are averred 9 may be apt to fufped that fome things are gratis diBa> yet if it (hall pleafe him tQ make fearch., he will find that generally they are Fere & cum an* thoritate diBa . However in a Subjed fo Multiform as this where fo many marks are aimed at, no wonder if in fome, the Author hath not hit the White; but To the Reader. but wherefoever it hath appeared tohimtohave been miffed in the former Impreffion, it is in this duly corrected. • 35 revtt/ y and a Laco* mc^Stile,. is aimed at all along , that fo there might be Magnum in Rarvo, that it might be Mole minimus , though Rg magnus-ft&t the whole State of England might befeenatonce, cv Tuirv^ or, asinaMap; that, as it will be a ufeful Book for all Englijh Men at all times: Ta the Traderi'! times: : So . every one might without trouble, always carry it about with him, as a .Gompam -1 on to confult upon ail ocC cafions. ; , v For compleating this. Stru3ureJS/fateriz{s were; provided By the Author; to give alfo a brief ac^ count of the/particufar Government hi England, Ecclefiaftical, Civil, and Military ; Of all xhe Courts ;of Juftice . of- all chief Offices belong¬ ing to thefe Courtsof To the Reader . the City of London - of the two Vniverfities i of the Inns of Court and Chancery ; of the Col' ledge of Phyfitians 3 (re* All which is now Public {tied in a Treatife apart. THE The Table. LkJ High Chamberlain of. England. Lord Chancclhur, Children, Chilians, - ’ Citr ih Climate of England, ' ' • Clerk of the Market, Cotfcrer^ Commodities of England, Ihe Com mom of England, Comfutaison Engl. : Csniptroler, Lord High Conf:able, Prizr-Councello-ar, Ike Count,ng-Houfe, Ling- Court, Ite gfueen Conforts Court, Cro-xn, Succejpon thereto ,.. D. T He Da) beginning', Day-Labourers, Deans, Diet of Englijk, Difpojitiuns of Ln^llfb, Dhinih of the Ling, Dominions of the L‘ !: g, Drinking txcsfs, Dukes at iMrirs, Duke of York, 155 15 ° .33 7 • ^co 238 193 171 6 399 A *7*. ' 56, 170 ; 115 0 «9 • 5 S' 4 1 , 41 7 3 45 254 J 91 TheTahE E. E teris, Eafter to find, Ehglands ^Jir, iBw tidings. Climate ,. Commodities Divifio>s Dimenfton, Inhabit ants, Meaftires; Moneys, Name, Soyle, Sons and Daughters, Weights , Efquires, si ^Elonies, Freeholders , 41 js 7 G. G Entlemen, 319 Sc George, 3'6 Government of England. 71 Government Civil of the Rings foitrf, 165 160. soS, Government Eccleftajlical, Government Military, ■ The Table. t T \Andj Crafts. 328 X X Heralds, J91 Ml after of the Horfe, 169 Humors of Engltfh, '48 Husbands, 331 Husbandmen, 326 I. J Ew *» England, 39 Incapacity of the King, 114 ■fudges, 5.03 K. K ings at t^irms, 191 Ihe Bings Evil, no A>«g »/■ England, 74 Lhe prefent Bing, 125 Knights, 3'11 fyightsof tbe'-Gartcr,- 312,316 Knigts Bannerets , 317 Kfiigbts of the Bath, 31 7 • Knigbis-Batcbelors, 31 7 L, L anguage o/Engl. ^5 Larceny Petit, 5 3 Laws,- 2 ? Liberty of the SuhjeSf, 323 Manners The Table. M. M iAnmts of the Entlifh- ■ Marque#, r . ran Marfhal 9 ■<»dy Mary, Mafler of the Ceremonies , Mafler of the HoujkaU, Mafler of Rcquefty Merchants , Minority , Monarchies t Money , Qf the prefent Hing 9 Sfantes and Surnames t Mobility, *beir Prfaikdgcf 9 Non-Con for mifist Number J> Him ■Qsangt: Ptin^ " t . ; 4 * 9^ rff P^, 3»Ttfb'ia p: Patrimony of the Singly-- Ptrjury, Perfon of the Ring, Povier of the Ring, . Beyfoning , Pbft-Mafters, r. \ Presbyterians, Prerogative of the King, Of the gluten, Princes tftbc Blood, Priviledges of Bifhops^ Privy Seal, t i Punifhment, ql’ '• Q Veen of England, Confort, , .. Mother, jhcjrefent Ofuetn 0/Engird, ,§>uerries, , ■ R E creations of Ertgland,' Religion of England , Refpett to the Kfng, Royal Society, Revenue of the g>ueen, Kiipect Prince, »7 9 1 ••••’ .47- "59- 138 242 154 49 U 6 JJ 2 135 ,J3* 19 S 60 2 9 in 34i 134 145 Seer eta- QEcretaries of State, t' v ' K ':] Sergeants at uirms, ■ Sergeants at Law, Servants, Shopkeepers, Sons and Daughter sofEMznS, Soveraignty, v \ She Three States of England- ’’ Stabbing, * Stature of Englifh, Steward of England, Strength s/England, Subjects Liberty, SuiceJJion, Supremacy, ' ; \**7 : .- 3*9 ' <38 Jos 148 85 328 T. T Emper o/Engl. Title of the Ring o/England, *£raicymn } Treafon , Treafurer of England, Troafurer of the Rings Houfe , 4 * 74 3*7 50 152 171 V Vicounts, Villanage, V. 47,48 2 99 340 JheTjfclp. w. Women t Wives, ilk Y. t . ... . ■. J He Years beginning, ^ . v .;.; Yeonien, ' ■ ■ r.^dS YorK, udrcl-Bijbcip,. , - 246 York Drtk Court j _ 2;o Dutdefs her Court, 2?4 THE (O O F ENGLAND in General. CHAP, I. Of its Name » Climate ' Binfenjions] Divif.cn , Air , Soil , Commodities, Moneys , Weights , Mcafurcs , and E Nglani , the better part of the }~ me ; bed lfland in the whole World, anciently with Sat* . - land called Britain , and ' fomerimes Albion;*/ as about 800 years after the Incarmlu on ofChrift (by fpectal Ediftof King Egbert defect)ded from the Angles, a people of the Lower Saxony, in vvhofe potfdTion the great* eft part of this Countrey then was) named Angle lot Englelond , thence by the heneb called Angleterre, by the Germans Enge- Und. nndiby the Inhabitants Engla id. B It -i €lje patent State Climate. It -' s fituated between the Degrees 17 and 22 of Longitude , equal with Brit any and KormarJy in France, and between 5 o and 5 7 of Northern Latitude , equal with Ban¬ der;, Zealand, Holland, Lower Saxony, and Denmark. ' The longed day in the moft Northern part v. 17 hours 5; minuter, and the fhorteft day in the molt Southern parts is alrnoft 8 hours long. Dlmcn- ^ t £ tn length from Barviick to the Lands r : i } ‘ s 4 End ;-S5 miles, in breadth from Sandwich to the Lands End 273, in compajS (by reafon of the many Bayes and Promontories) about. i;cc miles; in fh ape triangular , contains by computation about 30 Millions offeree, about the thousandth part of the Globe , and S 33cl- part of the habitable earth , almoft ten times as big as the United INeatkerlands, five times as big as the Spanijh Nealker- lands lefs than all Italy by almoft one half, and in companion of Franca is as 3 0 to 82. DrJftsn) That part of Britain , now called Eng¬ land, was in the time of the Romans divided into Britannia.Rrima , Britannia Secunda, and Maxima Cafarienjis. The firft of thefe contained the South part of England , the feeond all that Weiiern pare now called id ales , and the third the Norther?.; parts beyond Trent. When the Britaius had received the Chriltian Faith , they divided the lame (for of ettffianfc (Tor the better Government Eccleftaftkal)' into Three Provinces or Arch-bilhopricks; viz. the Arch-bilhoprick of Loudon , that contained Britannia Prima ; the Arch-bi* fhoprick of York , which contained that part called Maxima Cafarienfis , and the Arch-bithoprick of Caerleon , an ancient great City of South-Wales upon the River' Dike; under which was Britannia Secun- da. Afterward the Heathen Saxons over¬ running this Countrey, and dividing it into Seven Kingdoms, the King of font being firft Converted to the Chrilfian Faith by S t.^Aujlin, who lived and was buried at Canterbury , the Archiepifcopal See o£ London was there placed , and the other of Caerleon was tranflated to St. Davids in Pembrokeshire ; and at M. fubjefted to the See of Canterbury : the North part of England and all Scotland was put under the Arch-bi(hop of York , and all Eng¬ land divided into Diocefcs , and in the' year 630 it was for better Order and Government diftingujfht into Parifhes by the care and pains of Henorius Arch-bi- fliop of Canterbury , almoft 200 years before it wasdivided into Counties or Shires by King Alfred: by whom alfo thofe Shires ( fo called from the Saxon word Scyre y nl r: -t on or Divifion) were fubdivided " Klrcds, which at firft contained icn 'Ey things , and each Tything ten Fa- At prefenr, England, according to its Ec- clefialtical Government, is divided firft into 2 Provinces or Arch-bifhopricks, viz- Can- Id 2 ' ,4erbury ^Ije parent State Hilary and. Yuri :; thefe 2 Provinces into Diocefe;, which are again divided into £z Arch-deaconries, and thofe into Rural Deaneries, and thofe again into Pariihes. According to the Temporal Govern¬ ment of Ei'.ghr.i it is divided into'52 Counties or Shires, and thofe into Hun¬ dreds , Laths, Rapes, or Wapentakes (as they are called in fame Counties] and thofe again into Tythings. . Fr.ghnI without f Vaks is divided into 6 Circuits, allotted to the 12 Judges to hold Affizes twice a ycar(whereof more in a Trea- tife apart.) It is alfo divided by the Kings Jufticcs in Tyre of the Foreft , and by the Kings at Arms into North and South 5 that is. nl: Counties upon the North and South fid: of Trent. There are in all England 25 Cities, 641 great Town?, called Market Towns , and 5725 Pariihes; under many of which are contained feveral Hamlets or Villages as fc : g as ordinary Pariihes. The jdir is far more mild and tempe¬ rate (if not more healthy ) than any part of the Continent under the fame Cli¬ mate. By reafon of the warm vapours of the Sea on every fide , and the very often Wind3 from the huge Weftern oca, the Cold in Winter is lefs lharp than in foroe parts of France and Italy t which yet are ieated far more fouthcrly. 3 / rtafon of the continual blafts from Sea. the very often inrerpofition of Clouds fcetwia of Cniylatttr. g betwixt the Sun and ihe Earth, and the frequent (howres of Rain , the Heat in Summer is lefs fcorching than in fome parts of the Continent , that lies much more Northward, where neither Rain nor Clouds appear for fome moneths, and not much wind. As in Summer the gentle Winds and fre¬ quent Sho-wres qualifie all violent Heats and Droughts , fo in Winter the Frojls do only meliorate the cultivated Soyle , and the Snow keep warm the tender Plants. In a word, here is no need of Stoves in Winter, nor Grotta’s in Summer. It is bleffed with a very fertile wholefome Soyle. Soyle , watered abundantly with Springs and Streams , and in divers parts with great Navigable Rivers ; few barren Mountains or craggy Rocks , but generally gentle plea* fant Bills , and fruitful Valleys , apt for Grain, Grafs , or Wood. The Excellency tf the Englilh Soyle may be learnt ( as Varro advifedof old) from the Complexion of the Inhabitants , who therein excell all other Nations : or elfe from the high value put upon it by the Romans and the Saxons, who lookt upon it as fuch a precious fpot of ground , that they thought it worthy to be fenced in like a Garden'Plot with a mighty Wall of fourfeore miles in length, viz. from Unmoitth on the German-Sea to Sol- my-Fritb on the lrifh Sea ( whereby the Caledonian Bores might be excluded) and with a monftrous Dike of fourfeore and ten jniles, viz■ from the Mouth of the River, 6 Clje Went ©tnte jFj to that of the River Dee (whereby the Cambro-Briian-Foxes might be kept out: ) Laftly, the Excellency of her Soyle may ak fo be learnt from thofe tranfeendent Elegies beftowed on her by Antient and Modern Writer;, calling England the Granary of the fCjhrn florid, the Seat of Ceres, tic. That her Valleys are like Eden , her Hills like Lebanon , her Springs as Fifgah , and her Ri-.ers as Jordan. That ihe is a Fa- radifi o: Fleafure , and the Garden of (j'j d 0 rortur.ata o omnibus terns beatiar Britannia , te omnibus cseli ac foil ditavit J\aUtr.i , tibi nihil ineft quod thee offendLM^ tibi nihil dee ft quod aiti defideret , ita tit alter orbit extra orb cm poni ad delicias hinr.ani generis zidearis. O happy and h:e:ied Britain , above all other Coun¬ tries in the World, Nature hath enricht thee with all the blelhngs of Heaven and Lartif. Nothing in thee is hurtful to Man¬ kind , nothing wanting in thee that is defi- rable , in fo much that thou feemeft another World placed befides, or without the great World , mecrly for the delight and pleafure of Mankind. Cointr.rZ As it is divided from the reft of the dines. World , fo by reafon of its great abun¬ dance of all things neceffary for the life of Man, it may without the contribution of any other part of the World , more eafily fub- fift than any of its Neighbouring Coun¬ tries. Terra, ofCnWttf* Lena fm content* bonis , tion indig* menU. Firft , for wholefome fubftantial food, what plenty every whereof Sheep, Oxen, Swine, Fallow Deer , Coneys , ar.d Hares i It wants not Red Deer, Gouts, nor Roes. \yhat abundance of Hens, Ducks, Geefe, turkeys , Pigeons , and Larks ? Of Par¬ tridge, Phefants, Plovers , Leaks, Ihrtjh'es, Merles, Fkld-P'ares, Owfles, or Black-birds, Wild-ducks, Wild-geefcjSwans,Pcacocks,Bu'n- : tings. Snipes, Huailes, Woodcocks, Lapwings; It wants not Sandlings,Knot,Curlew,B ay n\ng. Dotterel, Roe, Chur,Ruff, Maych.it, Stint, Sea-Plover, Pewits, Reiffa-nks, Rayles, and Ifheat-ears; Herons, Cranes, Bitterns, Bu¬ ff ard's, Puffin, God-wits, Heath Cocks, More- Routes, or Groufe-Lhrujhes, and Fhroftles : What plenty of Salmon, %-outs, Lampernes, Gudgeons, Carps, Lench, Lampreys, Pikes, Perches , Eeles, Bternes, Roch, Dace, Creffffh, Flounders, Plaice, Shads, Mullets ? What great abundance of Herrings , Wirings, Maker el, Soles, Smelts, Pilchards, Sprats, Offers, Lobffers, Crabs, Skimps, Lhornback , &c. It wants not Prawnes, Ruffes , Mtifclest, Codes, Conger, Ltirbots, Cod, Scate, Mades, Efcalops , 8ec. What great plenty of i Ap‘ pies, Pears, Plums, and Cherries } How doth England abound with Wheat, Early , Rye, Puff, Beans, and Oats ^ with excel> lent Butter and Gheefi ; with lfcoft.forts of Edible Roots aftd Herbs , 8cc. It Watlts not iApricocks, Peaches, NeBarens, Grapes, Mul- B 4 berries 3 €i)t parent mm links, Figgs , Melons , Quinces , 3cc. Wal¬ nuts, Small IStits , Filberts, Cbefnuts , Med¬ ia's , Ffonfcn/, Rafpices , Str azoberries , Currans , Goofeberries , 8tc, Laftly , for Drinks , England abounds with 2J«r, Sider , Far), and in fojne places with Msibeglin or Mtde. Now of all thefe things there is fuch a conftant continuance , by reafon of the Clemency of the Climate, that fcnrce the leaft which frequenreth other Countries, hath been felt in £wg/ All Meafares in England are either :»/make a Qitart,z Quarts a P ot- tk, ; Pettier a Gallon,?, Gallons a f/Yiun of 2 fuch Fir Kins make a Kilderkin , and s Hjlkrkins or 52 Gulfnir make a Barrel of Ale, 9 Gallons a Firkin of Beer, 2 fuch Fir- Fins or : 3 Gallons make a kilderkin, 2 fuch Jfcldsrkins or 56 Gallons make a Barrel of Brer, r Band a half,or 5 4 Gallons make a Hogfhead •, 2 Hogfhsads make a Pipe or But, and 2 Pipes zTtoi, confiding of 1728 Pints or Pounds ; A Barrel otButter or Soap is the fame with a Barrel of Ale. The Englifh Wine Meafures are fmaller thanthofeof Ale and Beer, and hold pro* portion as 4 to 5 i fo that 4 Gallons of Beer Meafure are 5 Gallons of Wine Meafure, and each Gallon of Wine is 8 pounds Tray weight. Of thefe Gallons , a Rundlet of Wine holds 18, Half a Hogfhead 31 Gallons and a half, a Tierce of Wine holds 42 Gal¬ lons, a Hogfhead 6 3 Gallons, a Punchion 84 Gallons, a Pipe or But holds 126, and a Tun 252 Gallons, or 2 c 16 Pints. To Meafure dry things, as Com or Grain, there is firft the Gallon , which is biggt-r than the Wine Gallon, and lefs then the Ale or Beer Gallon, and is in proportion to them, as ;j to 28 and 35, and is counted S pounds Troy weight. Two o: thefe Gallons mane a Peck,4 Pecks a Bufltel, 4 Bufhels the Comb or Curnock. 2 C unlocks make a Quar¬ ter , and 10 Quarters a Laft or Weigh , which contains 5120 Pints,and about fo ma* Pounds 5 fo that in a Garrifon of 5 000 Men,. of Cnetotfo. %i. Men, allowing each but a pound of Bread 5er diem , they will confume near a Lafi or 3 o Bulhels every day , and 250 Men in a Ship of War will drink a Tun of Beer in two dayes, allowing each Man but his Pottk per diem. . Churches throughout all England, and Build- all publick Edifices, are generally of Solid Stone , covered with Lead,' Cathedral and Collegiate Churches every where ample and Magnificent; and the Churches in Market- Towns and Opulent Villages fpaeious and folid enough, beautified either with very high Pyramids, or Steepler, or at lead with ftately high Towers. Houfes in Cities, that \ycrc heretofore ufually of Wood , are now built of good Stone or Brick, and covered with Slate or Hie 5 the Rooms within for¬ merly. wainfeotted , are now hung with Ta- piftry, or other convenient StufFe 5 and all Cieled with Plaijler , excellent agianft the rage of Fire, againft the Cold , and to hin¬ der the palTage of all dull and noife. The Modern Buildings have been far more (light, and of lefs continuance than the An- tient. The Houfes of the Nobles and Rich are abundantly furniihed with Pevster , Brafs , Fine Linnen , and Plate; The mean Mecha* nicks and ordinary Husbandmen want not Silver Spoons, or Come Silver Cups in their Houfes. The Windows every where glazed, not made of Paper or Wood , as is ufual in Italy and Spain. Chimnics parent state Chimnies inmoft places, no Stoves, al¬ though the far more Southern parts of Gsv tnir.y can hardly fubfift in the Winter with¬ out them. CHAP. II. Of the Inhabitants, and therein of their Law , Religi'”, Manners, and Pa- mjhments•, of their Number, Language, Stature, bj/et, Attire, Recreations , Names, and Surnames -, of their Com¬ mutation and manner of Nambring. E Nghi'J hath been polled by five feveral Marians, and covered by many more , and no wonder fo fair and rich a Lady fhou!d have many Lovers, it being a Coun¬ try (as wnsfaid of the Tree in theinidft of Paradife) good for food, pleajant to the eyes , and to h deftred 1 whereas the High-Lands or Scotland, Wales, Life ay , Sveitzerhnd , and other like Countries, continue fti'l in the poffdfion of their ^Aborigines ,o{ the firft ' that laid claim unto them, none fince judg¬ ing it worth their pains to difpollefs them. The firft Inhabitants of England are be¬ lieved to be the JBWfj/»/,defcended from the Gauls, vhofe Language was once ahnolt the fame; fubdued afterward by the Romans, who,by reefon of their troubles nearer home were conftrained to abandon this Countrey about 4:0 years after Chriftj whereupon the P: 8 > Inhabitants of Scotland , invading it B .,h , n call to their aid the Sax- (Wngfanti. zj o ns, who chafing away the Pitts, foon made themfelves Matters of the Britains , but th'efe not able to endure the heavy yoke of the Saxons , after many Battels and Attempts to recover their loft Liberties and Country, retired, or were driven fome of them into Britain in France , from whence fome think they flrft came , but molt of them into the two utmoft Wejiern barren , and Mountainous parts of this Countrey,called afterwards by the Saxons, Walijhland , in ftead of Gaulijb- land , as the Germans (till call Italy Walijh- land , becaufe Inhabited by the Ctfalpine Gauls ; and the French call our Countrey of Bntains, Le pais de Gales. The Saxons, folely poffeft of all the bed parts of this Ijle, were for a long time infeft- ed,and for fome time almoft fubdued by the Danes , and afterwards wholly by the Nor- •nans, who drave not out the Saxons , but mixed with them, fo that the Englijb blood at this day is a mixture chiefly ot Norman and Saxon , not without a tintture of Danijh , Romijb, and Britijh Blood. The Englifh , according to fcveral Mat- ters and parts of the Kingdom, are govern- Laws. cd by fevera! Laws, viz, Common Law , Sta¬ tute-Law , Civil-Law , Canon-Law , Forejl Law i and Martial Law ; be Titles particular Cuftoms and By-Laws : Of all which in brief, intending in a Treatife apart to fpeak more largely of them in the Particular.Go- verument oi England , EcclejiaJHtjtie^Civily and Mih ary , together with all the Courts and Officers thereto belonging. The 24 TOftefeitt State Common The Common Lav) of England is the Lavs. Common Cuftoms of the Kingdome, which have by length of time obtained the force of Lav.s : It is called Lex nonferipta (not but that we have them written in the old Nor¬ man DiakSy which being no where vulgarly ufed, varies no more than the Latine) blit became it cannot be made by Charter or by Parliament; forthofeare alwayes matters offward; whereas Cuftoms are onely mat¬ ters of EM. ar.d are no where but in the Me- timj of tkt Ecof.iy and of all Laws mud be the Left for the Englifh: for the Written Laws made m England by Kings or Privy- Councils, ziantkntly, or by Parliaments, as of hi:r times, are impofed upon the Sub¬ ject before any probation or trial , whether ti.ey are beneficial to the Nation, or agreea¬ ble" to the Nature of the People; but Cu¬ ftoms bind not the People til! they have been treed and approved time out of mind; during which time no inconvenience arifing , T Cuftoms became Laws; and therefore when our Parliaments have alter¬ ed any Fundamental points of our Com¬ mon Law, (as fometimes hath been done) thofe alterations have been by experience found fo inconvenient, that the fame Law by fucceeding Parliaments hath foon been reftored, Tins Common-Law is-the Quin- teiTer.ee of the Cuftomary La w of the Merci¬ an s , prevailing before the Conqueft in the Middle Counties of England , called the Kingdom of ?vLi-;:'u,and of the Saxons a- morgd the Weft and South parts,and of the Danes of ©iglmttL 25: Danes amongft the Fajl-^stgels, all firft re¬ duced into one body by King Edward the Elder, about the year 9003 which for forne time alinoft loft, were revived by the good King Edward th. Confeftor,and by Pofteri- ty named his Laws. To thefe the Conque¬ ror added forne of the good Cultoms of Normandy and then his Succeifor King Ed' ward the Firft having in his younger years given himfelf fatisfaftion in the glory of Arms, bent himfelf (like another 'fujUman) to endow h is Eftate with divers notable Fun¬ damental Laws, ever fmee praftifed in this Nation. The excellent convcniency and con- natnralnefs of the Common Law of England to the temper of Emtldh Men, is f'uch, that rheferious confideration thereof induced King fames in a Solemn Speech to prefer it as to this Nation, before the Law of Mo- fa- Where the Common-Lavs isfilent, there statute we have excellent Statute-Laws , made by ^ vu the feveral Kings of England , by and with the Advice and Confent of all the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and with the Confent of all the Commons of England , by their Reprefcntatives in Parliament, whereunto the Engli/h eafdy fubmit, as made at their own earneft defire and rcquelt Where Common and Statute-Law take no Chit Cognizance , ufe is made of that Law of Lavs- Laws called the Cml-Law 5 wherein is to be had what all the Wifeft and Nobleft Men of the molt flourilhing and puiffant C "State 16 €&e Recent state State that ever was in the World , could, in the {pace of many hundred years by their own Wifdom or Reafon devifc,or from any other People learn: fo that this Law may be lookt on as the Produft of the Com¬ mon Reafon of all Man.tind, and fitted for the Intereft and Welfare not o: one .Nation onely, but contemplating and taking care for the general arfairs of all People. Of this Law life is made in a'.l Ecclefialtical Courts o:Bi(hops, Arch-Deacons, Vicars- General, Chanccllours, and Commiffancs, when ever Cognizance is taken ot Wills and Teftaments,ofTytlics, Oblations, Mor¬ tuaries, of Matrimony, Divorce, Adultery, Incefr, Fornication, Chaftity attempted; Ot Sacred Orders, Inftitutions to C'mrch - Livings , Celebration of Divine Offices, Reparation of Churches, Dilapidations, Procurations; of Herefie, Apoitafie, A- theifm, Schifme, Simony, Blafphcmy , CV. So ol this Law'is madeufc in the Court of Admiralty, in all affairs immediately rela¬ ting to the Royal Fleets, to all other Veffcls of‘Trade, and to their Owners, to Mari¬ ners,.to Commanders at Sea, to Reprizals, toPyraeies, to Merchants Affairs, to all Contrafts made at Sea or beyond Sea, in the way of Marine Trade or Commerce; to all matters touching Wrecks, Fktjam, JctUm, Lagan, Marine Waifs, Deodands, i5c. Moreover, ufe is made of the Civil Law in the Court of. the Earl Marihal, ta¬ king Cognizance of Crimes perpetrated out of England, 0 f Contrafts made in Forreign pates j of Affairs of War within.and with-? out &i&' 'England-i ’of Controverts about No¬ bility'andGeif try, or b’eaffiigj of Coats of Arfns,/of Prefcedenfcyyifo. Of this..Law much'lrfels made in Treaties with Foreign PoferitiiteSj-vvijere’tnarty points are to be determined arid concluded, according to the direction of this moil excellent and ge¬ nerally approved Law ; and for this caufe Forreign"Princes take efpecial care to chufe' fnch perfbns for.their Ambaffadors as arc skilled in thc CiVil Law; and tJiis Policy was heretofore duly obferved by our Snglifh Princes, with very .good fuccefsj Lnftly, the two llrtiveiTitieS of England , ferre fhcmfelvcscf the Civil-Law; for by their Priviledges no Student isrobe-fued at Common La w, but in the’ Vicc-ChaiVcellours Court for. Debts-, /tcconuts Injuries, The Canons of iriany Anticnt: General Canon Councils, of many National and Provinci- Lavs. al Eng'i 111 Synods, befides divers Decrees of the Bilhops of Rome , and Judgments 6 i Anticnt Fathers had been .received by the Church of 'England', arid, incorporated' into the Body, of the' CatibmLaw : by which file did ever'proceed' in the exercife of her Jurisdiction,and doth ftiil by vertue. of the Statute 25 Hen. S. fo'far as the Laid Canons and Conftitutions are not' repiigA nant. to the Holy Scriptures., to the Kings . .. Prerogative, or the Laws', Statutes, arid “ Cuftonis 'of this Realin, arid thofe “are called the Kings Ecclefuftieal Laws, which have feveral proceedings, and fevcral ends C 2 from 28 $ije parent state from the Temporal Laws,' thefe infixing punifhment upon the BodyLands, and Goods, and to puniftt the outward Man ; but thofe pra plate anima , to reform the inward Man, both joyning in this, to have the whole Man outwardly and inwardly re¬ formed. Fonfi* The Fo-sJt Laws are peculiar Laws, dif- L»viS- f erent from the Common Law of England, lortfis in England are exceeding antient, and before the making of Charts de loreJla 9 Odenccs committed therein, were pu- niiht at the pleafure of the King, in fo fharp and grievous a manner (as ftill in Germany) that both Nobles and Commons did fuder many horrible inconveniences and opprelTions, and even in that Char¬ ter , were fome hard Articles, which the Clemency of gracious Kings have fince by Statute thought fit to alter. Fer^JJfps Forefia in the time of Edward 3. voluntas repuiahitur pro faSo’j fo that if a man be taken Hunting a Deer, he may be arefled as if he had taken a Deer. The Forefler may take ar.d_ arreft a man, if he be ta¬ ken either at Dog-draw, $tabU-Jtsnd , Back- hear, or Bloody-hand ; for in thefe four a man is faid to be taken with the manner , though three of them may be but pre- fumptions. Trlsrt’sU Lex Caftrenfts ^nglicsna , Is that Law Lr.vi, that depended! upon the Kings Will and Pleafure, or his Lieutenant in time of aftu- jl War; for although in time of Pease the King ? -of Cnffiahn.2$ King for the more equal temper of laws towards all his Subjefts, makes no Laws but by the confent of the Three Elfates in Par¬ liament : yet in times of war, by reafoh of great dangers arifing fuddenly arfd unex¬ pectedly upon fmall occafions, he tifefh ab- folute Power, in fo much as his word goeth for a Law. Martial Law extends onely to Soldiers and Mariners, and is not to be put in practice in times of Peace, but onely in times of war, and then and there where the Kings Army is on foot. By the Kings Royal Charter granted to peculiar divers Cities of England, the Magiftrates and By- have a Power to make fuch Laws as may be Laws. beneficial for the Citizens, and not repug¬ nant to the Laws of the Land 5 and thet'e are binding only to the Inhabitants'of the place, unlefs fuch Laws arc for a general good, or againft a general inconvenience 5' for then they bind Strangers. Becaufe Humane Laws can promote no Religion. other good, nor prevent any other evil, but what is open to publick - cognizance , it is very necelTary for the Society of. Mankind, and it is the great Wifdom of God fo to or¬ dain, That by Religion a Tribunal fhould be erefted in every Mans Soul, to make him efehew evil and do good, when no humane Law can take notice of either. Of all Religions in the World, antientr ly. only the Jews worihiptthe true God in . the-true manner. $efeitt state The jews Religion in procefs of time by Traditions and Superftitions much corrupt¬ ed , was partly abrogated, and the reft re¬ formed, refined, anti fublimated by pur Saviour Chrift,and fince called the Chrifiian Region 3 which was planted in EngUnl Temforc tit fcimus (faith GiUas) jummo idem Cafaris , which by computation will fall to be five yearsbelorc S. Filer came to Ron;:, and about five years after the Death, or Chrift. It is r-.lfo affirmed by Antient and Mo¬ dern Grave Authors exprcfly, that in the nth year of the Emperor Aw , St. Re¬ ar Preached here, Baptifed many , and ordained Bifhops, Priefts, and Deacons : That immediately after St- Stephen's death, and the Jews diiperfion, jofephoi drima- xff.tjwith 11 others here Preacht and dyed r. Tr.at the firft Fabrick of a Chrifti.an Church sr Ttfflp'e in all the World,was. tt-GiaJlcn*- h::rj in Somsrfetftirc , 51 years after Chrifts death, atict that*. Paul was permittnd to Preach heretofore he was futferedfo to do at Rom :.. Afterwards d-nno 1S0 the Cfari-. ilian Faith was here firft profetfed by pub- • Ifck Authority under King Lucius, the firft .• Cnriftian King in.the -World 3 and with ; Chriftianiry no doubt came in the Epifcopal Government, asmaybefeen in the Cata¬ logue of Eritijh Eijhofs, and it is certain, that at the Councel of dries dnno ? 47> p there were, three Britifh Archbilhops, -viz. of London, Tori, and Ctttrlcon, whereofthe folt had for his Province under him the! South . the fecond all the North , and the third iDfeitgW* " 31 third all beyond Scvern ; or the Wejl part of this Ifland, as afore mentioned. Under thefe three Archbifhops there were reckon¬ ed about that Age 28 Bifhops, alfwhic’h did obferve the Cuffoms and Orders of the Greek orEaftern Churches, and particular¬ ly that of Eajier, different from the Cu- ftom of the Latine or Weflern Churches .■ nor did they acknowledge Rome to be the Mother Church of the Britannick Chink Britain was then a Patriarchal Jttrisdidi- on in fubfiancc, though perhaps notin name , and fo continued untill about the year 596. when Hal, that had no fear of God before rheir eyes. Aloat of ©island Church , the Articles of the Four Firft General Councils, a Holy Liturgy, Excel-, lent Prayers , Due Adminiftration of the. Sacraments, the Ten Commandments, the Sermons of Chrift , .and all the Precepts and Councels of the Gol’pel. We teach Faith and Repentance, and the Necelfity of Good Works, and liriflly exafl the feveri- ty of a Holy Life. We live in Obedience to God, ready to part with all for his Sakej We honour His Molt Holy Name ; We worlhip Him at the mention of His Name} we confefs his Attributes; we have Places, Times, Perfons, and Revenues, Confecrated and fet apart for the Service and Worlhip of our Great God Creator of Heaven and Earth } we honour His Vicegerent the King, holding it damnable to ufe any other Weapons againft him or his Army but Prayers and Tears: we hold a charitable refpeft toward all Chriftians : we confefs our fins to God and to our Brethren, whom we have offended , and to Gods Mmifters the Priefts, in Cafes of Scandal or of a trou¬ bled Confcier.ce; and they duly abfolve the Penitent Soul. We have an uninter¬ rupted fuccellion of Reverend, Learned, and Pious Bifhops , who Ordain Priefts and Deacons, Confecrate Churches, Con¬ firm the Baptized at a due age, Blcfs the People, Intercede for them, Vifit oft their refpeftive Diocelfes , taking care of all Churches , that they be ferved with as good and able Pallors as the fmall Mainte¬ nance can invite; they defend the Church Liberties, confer Inltitutions, infiift Ec- clefiaftical $8 CWiefeitt State c’efafticai Cenfures , difpence in certain Cafes ^ keep Hofpitality , as St. ad- moniiheth , and Preach as oft as neceffiry required!- Hodis cnim neqtti Concionato - nun inudiM nil olim , neque injtieYtum fnultituJv toe cxigcre liJitur. For now neither that fcarciry of Preachers which was -amongft the Primitive Chrbtians y nor multitude o: Heathens which dwelt among them doth fccm ro require it, bur rather that like good Pilots who fitting dill at the Helm (while others labour and toyle at the Ropes and Sayles) they fhould make it their whole bufmefs (by confidering the Winds and Tides, the Rocks and Shelves, the Seafons and Climars) that the Ship may keep her right courfe , and befafely brought to her defired Haven ; for, it hath beenunluckily obferved , that as a Ship is then in moil danger when the Pilot (hal! quit the Helme to pull at a Rope ; fo thofe Dioeeffes have commonly been Word Governed , whofe Bifhops have been moft Bookilh, and mod frequent in the Pulpit. Ever fince the beginning of our Refor* mation , rhere are fome few Families in feverai parts of Enghr.d ,have perfifted in the Rorniih Religion, and areufually called fipjls from fifi , the old ufual name of the Bifhop o: R'ws?. Againft thefe there are divers fevere laws ft ill in force 5 but their number being not confiderable , nor their Loyalty of later years queftionable , thofe Laves are njore rarefy put in executi¬ on ; befidcs the Clemency aad gentle ufage fhewn of ©igwnfc ftewn them here, begets in Rowi/^fStates.- and Potentates abroad-the like gentle treats ■. meat- of theiit Proteftant Subjefts, and of the Englilh living, within, their Domini* ons. As for thofe other Perfwafions, whofe Profclfors are commonly called Presby¬ terians, kdependantt, iAnahapiijli , S$ua» kers. Fifth' Monarchy.Men , Planters, ^AU- mitts., tAntinomians , Sabbatarian*Pet' feUiomfr, Family of Love , and the reft of-' thofe Mulhroomes of Cbrtflianity’,- as molt of them fprang up fudckmly in the late un¬ happy night of Confufion, fo it is to be pre¬ fumed that they may in a fliort time vanilh in this blelfed day of Order ; and there-^ fore not worthy to bedeferibed here as Re¬ ligions profelfed in England : for as the State of England doth account them no other Members then the Pudenda of the Nation ? and are alhamed of them, ^aip- pc ubi cater a Membra miventur ad arbi - triunt ho mini *, hac fola iamturbida, inordi- nata at effuenata funt nt putter contra voluntattm commoveri folent ; fo neither . doth the Church of England look upon thofe Profclfors as Sons but Baftar’ds: or make account of any other intereft in tliem- then a man makes of thofe Vermin which, breed out of his excrementitious fweaf, or thofe i Afcarils- which come fotnetimes in his moft uncleanly parts* • - > • Touching the Jews- which by the late Ufurper were admitted at London and fume continued by the bare permiftton of the King, and foffered to hire a Private Houfe ^hereta 39 40 tfje defeat state wherein’ to hold their Synagogue ,• .they are not confiderable either for Number , 'ma¬ king not above 30 or 40 Families , nor for their Wealth or Abilities , being for the moft part Poor and Ignorant. Their As fome years before the late Troubles, Mar,- no People of any Kingdom in the world ners. enjoyed more freedom from Slavery and T-axes ^ fo generally none were freer from evil tempers and humors: none more de¬ voutly religion* , veibingly obedient to the Lazes , truly Loyal to the Ljng, lovingly ho- fpitable to Neighbours , ambitioujly civil to Strangers , or more liberally charitable to the Needy. No Kingdom could fhew a more valiant prudent Nobility , a more Learned Pious Clergy , or a more contented Loyal Commo¬ nalty _ The Men were generally honeft , the Lizes and Lumen chade and modeft, Pa¬ rent; lazing ^ Children obedient, Husbands kind, Majlcrsgentle , and Servants faith- fut. In a word , the Englijh were then ac¬ cording to their Native 'Tempers , the belt Neighbours , belt Friends , beft Sub- j:Bs . and the beft Cirri titans in the world. Good’ Nature was a thing fo peculiar to tne Lnghjh Nation, and fo appropriated by Almignty God ro them (as a Great P^rfon obferved) that it cannot Well be tranflated into any other Languge or pratftifed' by any other People. .Amcmgft Amongft thefe excellent tempers , a- mongft this goodly Wheat, whilftmen flcpt, the Enemy came and fowed lares, there fprang up of later years a fort of People fovirc, fullest, fufpicious , querulous , cenfo- riow , peevijh , envious , referved , narrow- hearted , cloft-fiflei , ftlf-conceited , fguo- rant, jliff-necked, Children of Behai, (ac¬ cording to the genuine fignification of the word) ever prone to dejpift Dominion , to Jpeak evil of Dignities, to gain-fay Order , Rule, and Authority who have accounted it their honour to contend with Rings and Governors, and to diffukt the Peace of Kingdoms, whom no defer Is , no clemency could ever oblige , neither Oaths or Pro- tnifts bind, breathing nothing but fedition and calumnies againft the eftablifht Go¬ vernment , afpiring without meafure , rai¬ ling without reafon , and making their own wild fancies the Square and Rule of their Conftiences •, hating, defpifing , or difre- fpefting the Nobility , Gentry and Sitperiottr Clergy , tSt, Thefe lurking in all quarters of Eng¬ land , had at length with their peftilential breath infected fome of the worft named and worft nurtured Gentry , divers of the inferiour Clergy , moft of the ‘tradefmen , and very many of the Peafantry , and pre¬ vailed fo far , as not only to fpoil the belt governed State, and ruine the pureftand inoft flourilhing Church in Ckriflendome, but alio to corrupt the minis , the humors , and very natures of fo many Englifh; that notvvithftanding the late happy Reftaurati- 42 CIjep?ereitt State on of the King and Biihops, the inceffant joynt endeavours and ftudies of all our Governours to reduce this people to their prijline happinefs , yet no man now living can reafonab.ly hope to fee in his time the like blcffed dayes again ; without a tran- fplantation of all thofc Sons of Belial (as King James in his grave Teftament to his Son did intimate) without an utter extirpa¬ tion of thofe Tares , which yet the Cle¬ mency and Meeknefs of the Proteftant Re¬ ligion feemsto forbid ; unlefs they are fuch who believe thcmfelves obliged in Confci- ence to take all opportunities, occafions and advantages to extirpate and deftroy the prefent Church Government by Law efta- bliiht in England , and in purfuance of the fame to venture their Lives and Eftates, and conftantly to continue in this Belief all the dayes of their lives againft alloppo- fition whatfoever, as the Words of their SOLEMN LEAGUE and CO¬ VENANT are. To fuch no Prince, nor Potentate in Europe will ever in¬ dulge , fo far as to fuffer them to breathe the fame Air with them : And yet fuch is the Mercy of our Gracious King , and the Lenity of our Reverend Biihops , and of our two Houfcs of Parliament, that they thought fit hitherto not to banifh any one Perfon for entring into that I M PIOUS COVENANT , nor to exclude any of them from any Office in Church or State, who have been willing to abjure the fame. The or fngiantt The Nobility and Chief Gentry of Eng¬ land have been even by Strangers compa¬ red to the finejl flowre , but the lower fort of common People to the courfefibran ; the innate good nature , joytted with the li¬ beral education. and converfe with Stran¬ gers in forreign Countries, render thofe exceeding civil ; whereas the wealth, in* folence, and pride of thefe, and the rare converfe with Strangers , have rendred them fo diftafteful not only to the few Strangers who frequent England , but even to their own Gentry, that they could foihe- times with that either the Countrey were lefs plentiful, or that the Impofifions were heavier, for by reafon of the great abun¬ dance of Eltfh and tijh ; Corn, Leather , Wooll , (Jc.. which the Soil of its own bourn, ty with little labour doth produce , the Pe.gfantj at their cafe and. almoft forget- irig labour, grow rich , and thereby fo proud, infolent, and carelefs,that they nei¬ ther give that humble refpeft and awful re¬ verence , which in other Kingdoms isufu- ally given to. Nobility,Gentry, and Clergy, nor are they fo induftrious or fo skilful in Manufactures as fome of our Neighbour Nations ; fo that in England it is no Paradox to affirm,' that as too much'tB- digency in the inferiour fort of people doth depreft the fpirits and dull the minds of them, fo too plentiful and vsanton a fortune, caufethin them a lazihep and lefiindujlty, that State commonly enjoying moft peace and t order and happinefi, wher-’either the moderate barrenneft of the Countrey, or Wi e p?crettt State •aont of ground , or multitude of Impofts (as in Hjlland ) do neceflitate the common people to be induftrious in their Callings , and fo to mind their own, as not to difturb the State and Church affairs. Moreover, of the Engltjh , efpecially of the Peafantry. it hath been formerly and un- unhappily obferved , that then ir is luppieft with them, when they are fomewhnt pref- fed , and in a complaining condition ,• ac¬ cording to that old Riming Verfe , Ruftica gens eft optima ftens $ pejjima The Englijh Common people antiently were , and at this day are very apt to hearken to P soph eft es^nd to create Prodigies; and then to interpret them according to theirown extravagant conceits, 1 to invent and then maintain any the moft prodigious Opi¬ nions and Tenets in Divinity: fome of the in- feriour fort of late holding abominable opi¬ nions, unworthy even of men , and furh aa in no Age were ever broacht before- The Englijh Rational Vices were antient¬ ly Gluttony and the effects thereof Lafcivi- cufiieft (when'they made four Meals, in a day and mod c-xceffivc Feajiing^. with great plenty of French Wine) when Women of profejjed Incontinence were per¬ mitted to proffer their Bodies to all Co¬ mers, in certain places called -Stew or Stoves, or Bathing Places; becaufe Men. were wont to bath themfelvee there (asftill. in other Countries) before they addreft-. them- of ©tglanfc 45 themfelves to Venereous iJSs. But imme¬ diately before the late Rebellion (that un¬ happy fountain from whence is evidently derived whatsoever almoft is now amifs in Church or State , in Court, City or Coun¬ try) no People , unlefs perhaps the High Germans, were more modeft and chart, more true to the Marriage Bed , whereby was produced a healthy ftrong Race fit for all Arts and Sciences, for ^Agriculture , for. Traffick , for War and Reace , for Navigati¬ on and Plantation , 8cc. . Another Englijh National Vice was Pride in ^Apparel , wherein they were antiently (b extravagant and foolilh , fo fuperfluous and obfccne, that divers Statutes before our Reformation in Religion , and Homilies fince , have been made againft that Excefs; and an Englifh Man was wont to be pictu¬ red naked with a pair of Taylors Sheers in his hand , a piece of Cloth under his arm, and Verfes annext , intimating, that he knew not what falhion of Clothes to have. Excefi of Drinking was antiently more rare in England , as appears by an old Poet.' , Ecce Britannorum mss efi laudabilu ijle, tt bibat arbitrio pocula quifquefuo. . The Danes in the time , of King Edgar firlt brought it in-, but it was afterward baniiht hence , fo that we find no antient Statute fince the Conqueft againftit; for though the Statutes heretofore made againft Excefs efferent g>tate Excefsin apparel and Dyst 'Ureantieitty yct'thdfe againft Drunkennef art'but of late date. " •' • ' u! - As the EngUJb returning'- from rhe'-Wars In'the Holy -Land*, •broo^ht-home rheTbul difeafe of Leprofu , "iu/ ahr.o‘> exunft' here, though not yet in our neighbouring Countries : fo in Fathers 'days the MttgUjb Returning ti-m : v»at in the Neittkerlands-, brougiu. vvi-v ■.hem ‘ho foul Vice of £>» ,l .,n " , s> ther Tcftimonies the Tertn'of Cm>us • ?»*■.*«• Gar auz , iff ll out , learnt oi- the ff..- I>«rc6 there inthcfiamefervicc ; to $c. This Vic: of late was more, though at prefent fo much , that fomc perfons- , and thofe of quality may not lately'be vifited in an afternoon, wirhoiit running the hazard of cxceffive drinking of ■ Healths i (whereby in a fhort time twice as miich liquor is -confumed as by the Dutch', who ftp and prate) and in fome : places -it- is efteemed a piece of wit to make a man drunk ; for which pnrpofe fomc funding infip'id irenebrr Buffoon is always at hand. However it may be truly affirmed-that- at prefent there is generally -lefs Excefs in Drinking ( efpecially about' London , fince the ufe of Goffer) lefs Excefs in Dy~ et , but principally in apparel than here¬ tofore 5 infunu'ch that thh poor Tradef- man is much pincht thereby-; for as it is expedient for the benefit of- the : whole Commonwealth , that divers umecejjary and fupcrfimu Commodities fliould be allowed, oratBiaitn* allowed j as Tobacco , Coffee, Spices , Su¬ gars } Raifms , Silks, line, Linnen, ($c. fo fome lefs hurtful exceifes (as in i Ap-. M d » D ‘ st > Building , Rich furniture of Houfes , Hangings , Beds, Plate , Jewels, Coaches , Lacqueys^ SY ) mud either be connived at, or much of all the Money of the Nation mud ; 'edead and unemployed, (as it now doth in ini.private ,■ fallen , dif- contented , niggardly Eij,-.~-.unforwtj}( hand) ami Trad exmen mull either ftarve or be fu- ftained by Aimes. The Sin oF Buggery brought into Eng¬ land by the Lombards , as appears not one- ly by the word Bugeria , but alfo, by Rot. Pari so. Ed. 3. N. 58. is now rarely pra- ftifed amongft Englijb, although.fometimes difeovered amongft ^Aliens in England , and then punilht by Death without ■ any re- miffion. Impoyfanments fo ordinarily in Italy , are fo abominable amongft Englijb , as 21 H. 8. it was made High Treafon ,, though fince repealed 5 after which the punilhment for it was to! be put alive in- a Caldron of Water , and there boyledta death : at prefent it is Felony without be¬ nefit of Clergy. Stabbing in England is much more fel- dom than in Italy , the Englilh being eafie to be reconciled , to pardon and remit offences, not apt to feek revenge; the. true well bred Englifli have piorc of incli¬ nation to goodnefs , which the Greeks called Phlantbropia , than other Nations the Nobility and well-bred Gentry de¬ lighting 47 48 djepjereitt State lighting to be gratious and courteous to Strangers y compaffionare to the aifiifted , and grateful to Benefaftors , when their purfe or Eftate not diverted by other ex¬ travagant expences, will give them leave to remember them. Ducking fo common heretofore , is now almoft laid afide here as well as in France. The Englilh according to the Climate , are of a middle temper- The Northern Sa¬ turnine , and the Southern Ivlercurial tem¬ per meeting in their Conliiturions, render them ingenious and aSive , yet folid and terfirtring , which nourilht under a fuitable liberty , mfpires a courage generous and lafiing._ Their Ingenuity will not allow them to be excellent at the Cheat, but fubjedlin that point rather to take than give , and fuppoling others as open-hearted as them- felves, are manytimes in Treaties over- march: by them whom they over-matcht in lArtm and 1'ms Valour , which hath been very eminent in all Ages , and almoft in all Lands and Seas too of the whole World. The Englajb fmee the Reformation are fo much given to Literature, that all forts are generally the moft knowing people in the World. They have been fo much ad¬ dicted to writing , and efpecially in their own Language, and with fo much licence or connivance, that according totheob- fervation of a Learned man, there have been during our late Troubles and Con- tufrons more good and more bad Books printed of tfnsfonfc 49 ; printed and publilhed in the Englifti Tongue, then in all the Vulgar Languages of Europe. For folidiry of Matter, for elegancy of Sty’e and method in their Sermons, Come - dies,Romances,** alfo in their Books of Di¬ vinity , Phykfophy , Pkyftck , Hijlory , and all other folid Learning, no Nation hath furpaffed-the Englilh , and few equalled them. TheEnglifh, efpecially the Gentry , are fomuch given to Prodigality , Sports, and Paftimes, that Eftatesareoitnerfpcntand fold than in any other Countrey : They think it a piece of frugality beneath a Gentleman to bargain before hand , or to count afterward , for what they eat in any place, though the rate be molt tmreafona- ble ; whereby it comes to pafs, that Cooks, Vintners , Innkeepers , anti fuch mean fel¬ lows enrich themfelves , and begger and infult over the Gentry. In a word , by their prodigality it conies to pafs , that not only thofe , but ‘Taylors , Dancing- Tvlafters , and fuch Trifling Fellows , arrive to that riches and pride as to ride in their Coaches , keep their Summer-Houfes , to be ferved in Plate,Gc- an infolence unfup- portable in other well-governed Nations. Beenufe the feveral punijhments inflifted Punijl.~ for feveral Crimes are different in moft ment of Countries/ and thofe of England much Crimt- different from thofe of all other Countreys; nals. a brief account of them may p obably not be unacceptable to Foreigners efpecially. D All 50 cije&eCent state All Crime in Enghn that touch the Man, are eith er High-lnajon , Pttit-ft , or Felony. Although fome High-Tr jfon are much it lore heinous and odious 1 ban othe rs ; yet the puniftunent by Law is th< e fair ie for all forts (except for Coyning of Money) and that if, t.sat the Traitor laid upon a Hurdle or Sledge be drawn to the Gallows , there hanged by tirNec’-;, prefently cut down alive, his entrails to be fuddenly pulled out ot his Belly and burnt before the face of the Criy nvlnal, then his Head to be cutoff, his Body to be divided into four parts,and lail- ly, that the Head and Body be hung up or impaled where the King fhall command. Bcfides all this , he ihall forfeit all his Lands and Goods whatfoever , his Wife fhall lofe her Dower, his Children their Nobility, and all their Right of Inheriting him or any other Anceftor : Our Law thinking it mold reafonable , that he who endeavored to deftroy the King, the Breath of our Noftrils, and thereby to rend the Majefty of Government; his Body, Lands, Goods and Pofferity , fhould be rent,torn and deftroyed- For Coining of Money, though adjudged High-Ireafp>t y the Puniftl- inent having been only drawing and hang¬ ing , before the Statute of 25 El 5- it re* mains fo frill. Petit Treafon is either when a Servant Lilierh his Mafter or Miftrifs, oraWiie kiUerh her Husband , ora Clergy-man his Prelate, to whom he oweth obedience } and for this Crime the pumfliment is to be drawn of Cttglank f si drawn (as before) and to be hanged by the Neck till he be dead. The punilhment for a Woman convifted of High Treafin or Petit-lrerfon , is all one 3 and that is to be drawn and burnt alive. Felonies are all other Capita} Crimes,' for which antiently there were feveral forts of Punilhments till H. 1. ordained that the Punilhments for all Felonies fhould be to be hanged by the Neck till they are dead. But if a Peer of the Realm commit High- Freafon , Petit-freafoii , or Felony , al¬ though his Judgement be the fame with that of common perfons 5 yet the King doth ufually extend fo much favour to fuch , as to caufe them only to be beheaded with an Axe upon a Block lying on the ground, and not as in all other Countreys by a Sword kneeling or handing. If a Criminal indifted of Petit-Tyeafoit or Felony , refufeth to anfwer , or to put himfelf upon a Legal Tryal ; then for fuch Handing Mute , and Contumacy , he is prefently to undergo that horrible punilh¬ ment called Paine forte & dure 3 that is, to be fent back to the Prifon from whence he came., and there laid in Tune low dark Room upon the bare ground on his back , all naked befides his privy parts, his Arms and Legs drawn with Cords faftened to the feveral quarters of the Room 3 then lhall be laid upon his Body Iron and Stone, fo much as he may bear or more : the next day he lhall have three Morfels of Barley- Bread without Drink 3 and the third day fliall have Drink of the Water next to the D 2 Prifon 5^ parent State Prifon Door,except it be Running Water, without Bread; and this (hall be his Dyet till he die. Which grievous kind of death fome ftout Fellows have fometimes chofen, that fo being not tried and convifted of their Crimes, their Etlatcs may not be for¬ feited to the King , but dcfcend to their Children / nor their Blood ftained. But, in Cafe of Hsgk-Treafen , though ■the Criminal ftand mute, yet Judgement fhal. be given againft him as if he had been convided, and his Efiate confifcated. After Beheading or Hanging, the Cri¬ minals friends ufually interr the Body de¬ cently where they pleafe ; only if the Crime be very enormous , as tor Murdering and Robbing any Perfon; then by Order, is the Criminal ufually hanged by the Neck til! he be dead , and arterwards hanged in Chains till the Bed/ rot 5 and in fome Ca¬ fes his Right hand is firft cut off and then hanged. In all fuch Felonies where the Benefit of Clergy is allowed ("as it is in many) there th" Criminal is to be markt with a hot Iron with a 1. or M. for Thief or Manjlayer on the Left Hand, and Wandring Rogues are 10 be burnt on the Shoulder with an R. Anriently in the time of the Saxon Chri- ftiaii Kings, and foractirae after the co¬ ming of the Norman Kings, men were rare¬ ly put to dea'h for any Crime , but either paid grievous Fines, or tor the more enor¬ mous Crimes, to lofe their Eyesorthcjr T eliicles ; of enjyfaitk 51 Tellicles; and fo remain Jiving Monu¬ ments of rheir Impieties , as punifhments far worfe then death; which amongft Chri- ftiansisbelirved to be bur a pafTage for all truly penitent, from tr. is life to a far bet¬ ter , and fo more a Reward than a Punilh* tnent. For Petit 'Larceny or Small theft, that is of the value of 12 d. or under, the punilh' ment anticnrly was fomeiimes by lofs of an Ear, fomcrimes by Cudgeling, but finee Eiw. 3. oncly by Whipping ,■ but if fuch Petit thief be found , by the Jury to have fled for the fame , he foneiteth all his Goods. Perjury , by bearing fa'fe witnefs upon Oath, is punifht with thePidory caded Colliflngwm , burnt in the Fore-nead with a P. his Trees growing upon his Ground to be rooted up, and his Goods confifea- ted. Forgery, Cheating , Libelling , Falfe Weights and Meafitres , Fore-flailing the Market , Offences in Baking and Brewing , are commonly puniJhed with Handing in the Pillory, and fometimes to have one or both Ears nailed to the Pillory, and cut off, or there bored through the Tongue with a hot Iron. The Punilhment for Mtffrifton of High" treafon , that is for neglefting or concealing it, is forfeiture of the profits of his Lands during life , and of all Goods, and alfo Imprifonment for life. For Striking in the fyngs Court , where¬ by Blood is drawn, the Punilhment is, that D 3 the 54 €&e parent state the Criminal fhall have, bis Right Hand ftrucken off in a moft fad and folemn man¬ ner ; as more at large may be feen in the Chapter of the Kings Court. For linking in Ytejhmnfter-EaH whilft the Courts of Tuftice are fitting, is Imprifon- ment during life , and forfeiture of all his Eftate. _ L . For one found in a Frtfmunire, that is, one who incurres the fame punifhment which was infiifted on thofe who tranf- grelled the Statute of tSRtck.z, cap. 5. commonly called the Statute of Pramu- ntYi , corruptly, as feme think, from the Writ Pi -amunire for Prttmnere facta* , ££c. for filch an one the punifhment is forfei¬ ture of all his Eftate , to be put out of the King: Protection,and Imprifonment during the Kings pleafure. The Punifhment of Petit Jurors attain¬ ted of giving a Verdift contrary to Evi¬ dence wittingly is fevere and terrible; they are condemned to lofe the Frar.chife .or Freedom of the Law, that is, become in¬ famous and of no credit , uncapable of being a Witnefs or of a Jury,- their Houfes, Lands, and Goods (hall be feifecl into the Kings hands, their Houfes pulled down , their Meadows ploughed up, their Trees looted up, all their Lands laid wafte, and their Bodies imprifoned. The like Punifhment is alfo for thofe who fhall confpire to indift an Innocent falfly and malicioufly of Felony. Any oratgiaitk 55 Any Man or Woman convifted in the Bifhops Court of Herefu , is to be delive¬ red over to the Secular Power, and to be burnt alive. Teh de fe , that is one who wittingly kil- leth himfef 5 is to be buried out of Chriftian Burial with a Stake driven thorow the Corps, and to forfeit his Goods. Drunkards, Vagabonds, Ce. are puni- flied by Petting their Legs in the Stocks for certain hours. Scolding Women are to be feated in a 'Trcbuchct *, commonly called a Cucking- ftool , perhaps from the French Coquine , and the German Slid , the Queans Chair , placed over fomedeep water , into which they are let down and plunged under water thrice, to cool their cho'er and heat. Other mifdemeanors are commonly pu« nifht with Imprifonments or Fines, and fometimes with both. As for breaking on the Wheel and other like Torturing Deaths, common in other Chriftian Countries, the Englifh look up¬ on them as too cruel for Chriftian Profcf- fors to ufe. For putting any to the Rack, (unlefs perhaps in forne Cafes of Higb-lreafon) it is by the Englifh believed to favor of too much flavifhnefs, befides they contemning and defpifing death, and yet not enduring Torture, will fooner acknowledge them* felves guilty of any the fouleft Crime what¬ soever , then be put to the Rack , and the People not accuftomed to fuch cruelty , D * would 5 6 €ije parent ©tate would be apt to pity the \ arty tortured, and abominate the Sovereign and his Judges, for introducing fueh a Cuftom , the jury would eafily quit the Prifoner of whatever Confeffion fhould be thus ex¬ torted. Number To give the Reader an exaft account of Inha• of the number of People in England , will hunts, be very difficult, but a near conjedture may thus be made. England contains 9725 Parilhes, now allowing to each Parifh one with another 80 Fam lies; there wi’Ibe 778000 Fami¬ lies, ai d to each Family 7 perfons, there will be found in all Five Millions four hun¬ dred forty fixthoufand fouls, and amongft them about one Million of fighting Men. Tacit The Englfh longue being at prefent Lan- much refined , exceedingly copious, expref- guage. five and fignificant (by reafon of a liberty taken by the Natives of borrowing out of all other Languages, whatever might conduce thereunto) is (as their blood) a mixture chiefly of the Old Saxon (a Dia- IcB of the Leutonick ) and the Old Norman (a Dtaleftoi the French) not without fome favour of tke Britains , Romans and Danes Languages. The Romans poffeffing England , caufed their Tongue , the Latine once, to be ge¬ nerally uled in this Countrey, The S^onsfucceeding, introduced their Language wherefoever they feated them- fclves. ofCn&latfo 57 The Normans afterwards getting pofTefli* on of England , caufed the Norman or . French Tongue to be learnt at School by ' the Saxons , and for a long time had all Laws, Pleadings, Sermons, 8 cc. in French. The Latin I ongue at prefent is made ufe of in Court Rolls, Records, ProceJJes of Courts , in Charters, Commijfms, Patents, Writs, Bonds , and fome Statutes, are ftill kept in that Language. T he Names of Shires, Cities , Towns, and Villages, Places, and Men , in England , are generally Saxon, and fo are moft Nouns appellative , and a great part of the Verbs. In French, or rather Norman , are ftill written the Common Laws, and learnt by young Students thereof. Alfo fome Plea¬ dings , and all Moots and Law Exercifes , are wholly French. Declarations upon Original Writs,and all Records are written in French,fume Old Statutes are ftill in that Tongue. In Parliament,the affent or dif- cent to Bills made by the King, Lords, or Commons , is in French. Almoft all our Terms in Hunting , Hawking, Dicing, Dan¬ cing, Singing, 8 tc- are ftill French. The Natives of England (by reafon of Stauiet the Temperate Climate, Mild lAirc , not * ’ rendicd unequal by High Mountains , and unhealthy by many Mirjhes, plenty of whole- fome food, and the ulc of Beer rather then Wine) Pour la belle taille $3 le btautc : .:B au vlfage , as the French fay , tor a juft Landfome large proper.ion of Body , or D 5 clear Z%t parent State clear complexions and p'eafing features , do furpafs a':! the Nation:- in the World. And perhaps for feme o: the fame reafons molt other Animals, a; the Horfes, Oxen , Sheep, Swine, Dogs, Cocks, See. are obferved by Strangers to be generally better fhaped , then in any other Country of Europe. The Englijh are generally great Flefh- eaters, although by the nearnefs of the Sea and abundance of Risers and Eijh ponds , there is no want of Fijh. In former times their Table was in many p’aces covered four times a day ; they had Break-fajls, Dinners , Beverages , and Suppers , and every v.here Set Dinners and Suppers, until the time of the late troubles: wherein many eminent Families being much impoverifht; a Cuftom was taken up by fome of the No¬ bility and Gentry, of eating a more plenti¬ ful Dinner , but little or no Supper ; as on the contrary the Romans z'nAJcws ancient¬ ly, and the hotter Climates at this day have little or no Dinners, but Set Suppers, The Englijh arc not now fo much addict¬ ed to Gluttony and Drunkennefs , as of late years, but unto Tobacco more. Feajling a'fo is not now fo common and profufe as anciently ; for although the Seal's at Coronations , at the Inflallatim of ^nights of the Garter , Cunficration of E lkoci, Entertainments of tate or 50 dayes after E after is Bentecofi of TUitfinJay , and the Sunday following is Sunity 5 which Computation of the Church of England agrees with all theEatlern Chriftian Churches, for they and we find Eaftcr by the Rules which were generally received by all Cbriftendom , i and Spiritual: and therefore at the Coronation hath put upon him a Sacerdo¬ tal Garment called the Dalmatica , or Colo- bium , and other Prieftly .Vefts; and be¬ fore the Reformation of England , when ■the Cup in the Lords Supper was denied to the Laity, the King as a Spiritual Perfon received in both Kinds: He is capable of Spiritual furifdiftior ,, of holding of Either, all Extra-Parochial E)thes, fome Proxies, and other Spiritual Profits belong to the King , of which Lay-men both by Common and Canon Law arc pronounced uncapablc. He is an External Eijhop of the Church, as Confiantini the Emperonr faid of him- felt, ‘EydJi'rSr i/cror -Jtns 0«s jgnSrsaf/ei'©- ’£—Vw'r©- a'V Bui 1 am conjlitu- ted BiJJcop for external things of the Church, Rex idem hminum PhcebLjue Sacerdos. He is, as the Roman Emperors, Chri- llian as well as Heathen , ftiled themfelves, Pentifex Max. He is the Supreme Pafior of England , and hath not only Right of Ecc'.efiaftical Government , but alfo of exercifing feme Ecclefiaftical Function, fo far as Solomon did , i Ei'igs 8. when lie bleiTed the People, Confecrated the Tem¬ ple , and pronounced that Prayer which is the Pattern now for Confecration of all Churches and Chappels, bat all the Mini- fterial Offices are left to the Bijhops and Briefs , as the Adminidration of Sacra¬ ments, of Cttglantt $9 ments, Preaching , and other Church Of* fices and Duties. Of this Sacred Perfon of the King , of the Life and Safety thereof, the Laws and Cuftoms of England are fo tender, that they have made it Higb-Ereafon , onely to imagine or intend the death of the King. And becaufe by imagining or confpiring the death of the Kings Councellors or great Of¬ ficers of his Houihold , the deftruftion of the King hath thereby fometimes enfued, and is ufually aimed at (faith St at. 3 H. 7.) that alfo was made Felony , to be punifhc with death , although in all other Cafes Capital the Rule is Voluntas non reputabi- tuv pro faBo , and an Englifh Man may not in other Cafes be punifht with death, unlefs the Aft follow the intent. The Law of England hath fo high efteem of the Kings Perfon , that to offend againft thofe Ferfons and thofe things that reprefent his SacYei Perfon , as to Kill foine of the Crown Officers, or to Kill any of the Kiugs fudges executing their Office , or to counterfeit the Kings Seals, or his Moneys, is made High-Ereafon y becaufe by all thefe the Kings Perfon is reprefent- ed : and High-Ereafon is in the Eye of the Law fo horrid , that befules lofs of Life and Honour , Real and Pcrfonal Eftate of the Criminal, bis Heirs alfo are tolofe the fame for ever, and to be ranked amongft the Peafantry and Ignoble , till the King (hall pleafe to reftore them. Eft enim tam grave crimen ( faith BraBon ) ut vix per- mttatur bm&ibut quod vivant. High Treafoa 90 p?eftnt 0tate Treafon isfogriev:us-a Crime, that the Law not content with the Life and Eftate and Honour of the Criminal, can hardly en¬ dure to fee his Heirs furvive him. And rather than Treafon againft the'Kings Perfon ihall go unpunifht, the Innocent in fome Cafes (hall be punifted; for if an Idiot or Lunatick (who cannot be faid to have any will, and fo cannot offend) during his Idiocy or Lunacy , (hall Kill , or go about to Kill the King , he (hall he punifht as a Tray tor; and yet being Non compos mentis , the Law holds that he cannot com¬ mit Felony or Petit-Trcafon nor otherforts of High-Trenfon. Moreover, for the precious regard of the Perfon of the King , by an Antient Record it is declared , that no Phtfick ought to be adminiftred to him , without good War¬ rant , this Warrant to be figned by the Ad¬ vice of his Council; no other Phyfick but what is mentioned in the Warrant to Adini- nifter to him; th z Phyficixns to prepare all things with their own hands, and not by the hands of any iApothccary ; and to ufe the ailiftance only of fuch Cjyrurgeons as are prefcribed in the Warrant. And fo precious is the Perfon and Life of the King, that every Subject is obliged and bound by his Allegiance to defend his Per¬ fon in hie Natural as well as Politick Ca¬ pacity, with his own Life and Limbs ; where¬ fore the Law faith , that the Life and Mem¬ ber of every SubjeB is at the Service of the Sever aign. He is Pater Pairiet C? Duke erit pro Patre PsHritf mart , to lofe Lite of CngMtttt 91 Life or Limb in defending him from Con- fpiracies. Rebellions, or Invafions, or aflifting him in the Execution of his Laws, fhould feem a pleafant thing to every Loyal hearted Subjeft- The Office of the King of England in Office. the Laws of King Edward the ConfeJJor is thus dcfcribed, Rex quia Vtcar'm fum - mi Regis eft , ad hoc conftituitur tit Rcg- num terrenum £> poptthtm Domini US’ fuper omnia Sanctum Eccleftam ejtis venereuir , regat $ ah in]miofis defendat; and ( ac¬ cording to the Learned Fortefcue ) is, Pugnare bella populi fui. OS' e'os reBiffime 'judteare. To fight the Battles of his Peo¬ ple, and to fee Right and Juftice doneunto them. Or (according to another) it istopro- teft and govern his People, fo that they may ( if poffible )'lead quiet and peacea¬ ble lives in all Godlincfs and Honcfty un¬ der him. Or more particular (as is promifed at "the Coronation ) to preferve the Rights and Priviledges of the Church and Cler¬ gy , the Royal Prerogatives belonging to the Crown , the Laws! and Cuftoms of the Realm, to do Juftice, (hew Mercy, keep Peace and Unity, &c. ' ■ The King for the better performance Power of this great and weighty Office , hath and Pre- certain Jura Majeftatis , extraordinary rogative. Powers, Preeminences , and Priviledges, inherent in the Crown, called antiemly by €Jje parent State . by Lawyers Sacra Sacmutn, and Flowers of tk Crown, but commonly Royal Prero¬ gatives whereof fome the King holds by the Law of Nations, others by Common Law, (excellent above all Laws in uphold¬ ing a free Monarchy , and exalting the Kings Prerogative) and fome by Statute- Law. The King only, and the King alone, by fiis Royal Prerogative , hath Power with¬ out Aft of Parliament to declare War , wake Peace , fend and receive ^ydmbaffadours, make Leagues and Treaties with any Fo¬ reign States , give Commijfms for levy¬ ing Men and lArms by Sea and Land , or for preffing Men if need require, difpofe of all Magazine , Ammunition , Caflles , Fortreffes , Ports, Ravi: < . Skips of War and Publick Moneys 5 ap, font the Metal, Weight, Purity, and Vain ■ i.ereof., and by his Proclamation make any Foreign Cuyn to be lawful Money of England. By his Royal Prerog .tivc may of his meer Will and Pleafure Comoke,^Ad)ourn, Prorogue , Remove , and Dijfolve Parlia¬ ments , may to any Bill palled by both Houfes of Parliament , refufe to give ( without rendring any reafon ) His Roy- ahAjfent, without which , a Bill is as a Body without a Soul. May at his pleafure encrcafe the Number of the Members of both Houfes, by creating more Barons, and bellowing Priviledges upon any other Towns to fend BitrgeJJes to Parliament. May call to Parliament by Writ whom he in His Princely Wifdom thinketh fit, ofiKiglaifli. and may refufe to fend His Writ to fome others that have fate in former Parlia¬ ments. Hath alone the choice and nomina¬ tion of all Commanders and other Officers at Land and Sea; the choice and nominati¬ on of all Magistrates, Counsellors , and Officers of State , of AlBiJhops*, and other High Dignities in the Church , the be¬ llowing of all Honours both of higher and of lower Nobility of England; the Power of determining Rewards and Pu- nifhments. By his Letters Patent may ereft new Counties, Zlniverfities, Cities, Burroughs , Colledges , Hufjntals, Schools , Fairly Mar - kets, Courts of Juft ice , Forefls , Chafes , Free-hVanens, CSr. The King by his Prerogative hath pow¬ er to enfranchife an Alien and make him a Denifen , whereby he is enabled to pur- chafe Houfes and Lands , and to bear fome Offices. Hath power to grant Let¬ ters of Mart or Rcprifal , to grant fafe Conduits, Be. The King by His Prerogative hath had at all times the Right of Purveyance or Pre-emption of all forts of Vifluals near the Court, and to take Horfes, Carts, Boats, Ships , for his Carriages at rcafonable Rates; alfo by Proclamation to fet rcafo¬ nable Rates and Prices upon Flefh, Fifh, Fowl, Oats, Hay, £5 'c. which HisMajefty now raigning waspleafed torcleafe, and in lieu thereof, to accept of fome other recompence- 91 Delts 94 . €ije$erettt State Debts due to the King , are in the fxrfl place to be fadsfied in cafe of Executor- frAf and ^Jdntinijhatorptb ; and until the Kings Debt be fatisfied , he may pro- teft the Debtor from the <*ArreJl of other Maydilrrain for the whole Rent upon one Tenant that holdeth not the whole Land 5 may require the lAncefiors Debt of the Heir , though not efpecially bound , is not obliged ro demand his Rent as others are. May fae in what Court he pleaic, and diftrsin where he iiii No Proclamation can be made but by the King. No Proreftion for a Defendant to be kept off from a Suit, bur by him, and that becaufehe is actually in his Service. He onely can give Patents , in cafe of Ioffes by Fire or otherwise, to receive the Charitable Benezvknces of the People , without which no man may ask it pub* lick!y-_ No torelr, Cnale, or Park to be made , nor Caftlt to be built, without the Kings Authority. The Tale of his Goods in an open Mar¬ ket will not take away his property there* .Where the King hath granted a Fair v.irh Toll to be paid , yet his Goods there lhallbe exempted from all Toll. No Occupancy fhall be good again!! the King, nor fhall Entry before him pre¬ judice him. His 95 His Servants jn ordinary are priviledged from fcrving in any Offices that require their attendance, as Sheriff, Conjlabk , Churchwarden, See. All Receivers of Moneys for the King, or o detmptants to him for any of his Revenues , their Perfons , Lands , Goods, Heirs , Executors , JddminiJlratOi s , arc chargeable for the fame at all times, for, Nullum tempus occurrit Regs. His Debtor hath a kind of Prerogative remedy by a ^10 minus i.i the Exchequer againft all other Debtors , or againlt whom they have any caufe of Perfonal Aftion ; fuppoftng that he is thereby difa- bled to pay the King : and in this Suit the Kings Debtor being Plaintiff, hath fome Priviledgcs above others. In Doubtful Cafes, Semper prafumitur pro Rcge. No Statute reftraineth the King , ex¬ cept he be efpecially named therein. The quality of his Perfon alters the defeent of Gavelkind , the Rules of Joynt tenan¬ cy s no Eftoppel can bind him, nor Judge¬ ment final in a Writ of Right. Judgements entred againft the Kings Title , are entred with a Salvo Jure Domini . Regis , That if at any time the Kings Council at Law can make out his Title better ,• that Judgement fiia.ll not prejudice him , which is not permitted to the Sub¬ vert. The King by His Prerogativemight have demanded reafonable ^id-Money of His Subjefts to Knight His eldeft Son at the - age g 6 CBeiwerettfc State age of Fifteen , and to Marry His eldeft Daughter at the age of Seven years: Which reasonable Aid is Twenty Shillings fore- very Knights Fee, and as much for every Twenty pound a year in Soccage. More* over , if the King be taken Prifoner, Aid- Money is to be paid by the Subjects to fet Him at liberty. The King upon reafonable caufes, Him thereunto moving, may p-oteB any Man a- gainft Suits at Law, 2?;. In all Cafes where the Kingisjwy , His Officers with an isdrreft by force of a Pro- cefs at Law , may enter (and if entrance be denied) may break open the Houfe of any Man, although every Mans Houfe is laid to be his Caftie, and hath aPriviledge to protetl him againft all other Arrefts. A Ecnence orSpiritual Living is not full againit the King by hijlitution only , with¬ out InJuEion, although it be fo againit a fub- None but the King can hold plea of falfc Judgements in the Court of his Tenants. The King of England by HisPrcroga- tive is Summit! Regni Cuftos , and hath the r.uftody of the Perfons and Eftates of fuch ns for want of underftanding,cannot govefn themfe 1 ves or ferve the King; fo the Perfons t.r.d Eftates of Idiots and Lunaticks are in the cuftody of the King , that of ldeots to r.isown ufe , and that of Lunaticks to the ufe of the next Heir. So the Cuftody or Wardlhip; of all fuch Infants whofe An- ceftors held their Lands by Tenure in Ca- ' fticot Knieht-fervicc, were ever fincethe Con- of ©tglnnir. Conqueft in the Kings of England , to the Sveat honour and benefit of the King and Kingdom ; though fome abufes made fonts of the people out of love with their good' and the right of that part of His juft Pre¬ rogative. The King by His Prerogative is Vhimtts Hares Rcgni , and is (as the Great Ocean IS of all Rivers ) the Receptacle oT all liftates when no Heir appears ; for this caufc all Eftates for want of Heirs, or by Forfeiture, Revert or Efcheat to the King. All Spiritual Benefices for want of Prcfen- ration by the Bifhop, are lapfed at laftto the King : All Treafure-Trove (that is. Money, Gold , Silver, Plate , or Bullion, found and the owners unknown) belongs to the King j fo all Wayfs, Strays , Wrecks, not granted away by Him , [or any former Kings} all 1 'VaJle Ground or Land roeovered from the Sea ; all Lands of , Orders, Ordinances , and Confiiiu- tints, to introduce into the Church what Ceremonies He fhall think fit 5 reform and c.-rreB all Hetefses , Schiftns , pnnilh Con- tempts, i 5 c. and therein , and thereby to declare what Doftrines in the Church , are fit to be publifhed or profelfed , What Eranflatian of the Bible to be allowed', what Books of the Bible are Canonical , and what ^Apocryphal , Cfc- The King hath a power, not onely to unite, consolidate, feparate, enlarge, or contraff the Limits of any old Bijboprick; or other Ecclcftajlical Benefice 5 but alfo by His Letters Patents, may ereft new BtjTcopricks, as Henry the Eighth did fix at one time; and the late King Charles the Martyr intended to do at S. lAlbans , for the honor of the Eirjl Martyr of England, and for Contracting the too large extent cu‘ rhe Bilhoprick of Lincoln , may alfo erect new Archbifhopricks, Patriarchats, In the Twenty eighth of Elizabeth ) when the Houfeof Commons wou'd have parted Bills touching Biihops granting Faculties , Canferring Holy Orders , Ecclcftafical Cen- of (Engr nm He holdcth not his Kingdom in Vafjallage, - , ' nor receiveth his Invefiiture or lnfialment from another. Acknowledged no Supe¬ riority to any , but God onely. Not to the Emperor ; for , Omnem potejlatem habet Rex uinglirt in Regno fuo epuarn lmperator F 5 ven- loz €l) e parent ©tate vetin Imperii ; and therefore the Crown of England , hath been declared in Parliaments long ago to be an Imperial Crown , and the King to be Emperor of England and Ireland , and might wear an Imperial Crown , although he chufeth rather to wear a triumphant Crown : Such as was antiently worn by the Emperors of Rome, and that, becaufe his Predeceflors have triumphed; not onely.over Five Kings o(Ireland, but a'fo over the Weljh, Scotch , and French Kings. He acknowiedgeth onely Precedence to the Emperor, Fo cuod ^'Intiqwtatc ImperS urn omnia Regna fuperarc creditur. As the King i= ’Ae.'o.'jea.,\©- in the State, fo i.e is Atyiiiic?Ji~& in the Church. He acts owAd^eth no Superiority to the Bifhop of Rome , \vhofe loRg arrogated Authority ~imil was, One thoufand five hun¬ dred thirty five, in a full Parliament of all ti;e Lords Spiritual as well as temporal , declared null, and the King of England d c ared to be by Anticnt Right, in all C antes, over all Per foils, as vtell Eccle- fiattic.il as Civil , Supream Governor. T he King is Sutnmus totius Ecckftee (. An - glicar.it Ordinaries , Supream Ordinary in ail the Dioceifesof England: ’Eer'icrjsns^- £1 ’Eerindtruv > and tor His Supermen- dency over the whole Church, hath.the tenths and Firfi-Fruits of all Ecclefiaftical Benefices. The King hath the Supream Right of Patronage through all England , called Patronage Paramount , over all the Eccle¬ fiaftical of cnelantr. 105 fiaftical Benefices in England ; fo that if the mean Patron as aforefaid , prcfent not in due time; nor the Ordinary, nor Me¬ tropolitan , the Right of Prefentatiorr comes to the King, beyond whom it cannot go. The King is Lord Paramount, Supreanr Landlord of all the Lands of England y and all Landed Men are mediately, or im-- mediately His Tenants, by fome Tenure or other : For no Man in England , but the King, hath Allodium (S’ DirsBum Domi¬ nium , the dole and independent Property or Domain in any Land. He that hath the Fee, the Jus perpetuum , and Vtile Domi- nium , is obliged to a duty to His Soverai e n for it: fo it is not fimply his own, he mud fwear Fealty to fome Superior. The King rs Summut totitis Regni ^Jngli- cani jujliciarius , Supream fudge , or Lord Chief jujlice of all England. He is the Fountain from whence all Juftice is de¬ rived, no Subjeft haring here as in France , Haute moyenne $ bajfe jujlice He alone _ hath the Soveraign Power in the Admini- ftration of Juilice , and in the Execution- of the Law y and whntfoever power is by him committed toothers, the dernier re-' fort is (till remaining in himfelf, fo that he may fit in any Court , and take Cogni-. fance of any Caufe ( as anciently Kings fate in the Court, now called Ike King? Bench , Henry the Third in his Court of Exchequer , and Henry the Seventh ; and King fames fometimes in the Star-Chamber) except in Felonies, Treafons, wherein the King being Plaintiff, and fo Party, he J 104. Clje parent ;@tate fits not perfonally in Judgement, but doth perform it by Delegates. From the ftng of England, there lies no Appeal in Ecclefiaftical Affairs to the Eilhop of , as it doth in other Prin¬ cipal Kingdoms of Europe 3 nor in Civil Affairs to the Emperor , as in fome of the Spanijb , and other Dominions of Chrifteir dome; nor m either to the People of Eng¬ land (as fome of late have dreamed) who in rhemfelves, or by their Reprcfentath-es in the Hoitfe of Cummins in Parliament , were ever Sub-ordinate , and never Superior, nor fo much as co-ordinate to the Rng ot England. The Ajr.g being the onely Soveraign and Sup-ream Head , is furniihed with Plenary Power, Prerogative, and Jurifdiftion to render Juftice to every Member within his Dominions; whereas fome Neighbor Kings do want a full power to do Juftice in all Caufes, to all their Subjefts, or to punifh all Crimes committed within their own Dominions, efpccially in Caufes Eccleftafd - cal. In a word , Rex Jlnglise neminem habet in fuis dominiis Superiorem nec Parent, Jed otnr.es fub ido , ilte fub nuUo nifttantum Jub Deo, a quofecundus , pojl quern primus , ante 'ttr.nes S Jitper omr.es (in fuit ditioni- Ins) Decs IS Homines. Di-.iniip. The Title of Dii, or Gods , plurally is often in Holy Writ, by God himfelf , at¬ tributed to Great Princes ; both beenufe as Gods Vicars or Vice Dei upon Earth, they repre- of^ttgranfc ] reprefentthe Majefty and Power of the God of Heavsmnd Earth, and to the end, that the people might have fo much the higher e* fteem, and more reverend awfulncfs of them; for if that fails, all Order fails; and thence all Impiety and Calamity follows in a Nation. Frequently in the Civil Law thofe Di¬ vine Titles, Nttmeti) Oraculum, Sacratijji - mus •> GV. were given to the Emperois: moreover the fubltance of the Titles of God was ufed by the AntientChriftian Empe¬ rors , as Divinity nojlra 13 ^/Eternitaf nojlrct, r dc. As imperfeftly and analogi¬ cally in them , though effentially and per- feftly onely in God and the good Cliri- ftians of thofe times , out of their excels of refpeft, were wont tofwear by the Majefty of the Emperor (zsjofeph was wont by the life of Pharaoh} and Vereiim , a Learned Writer of that Age, feemsto juftific it: A Jam Imper atari £ faith he) tanquam pne- Jenti u corpurali Deo fidclif efl pratfianii Dcvotio 13 pervigil impendendv.s famuhtus; Deo tnirn fervimus cum fideliter diligimus cum, qui Deo regnat ^Autore. For a faith¬ ful devotion to the Emperor , as to a cor¬ poral god upon Earth, ought to be per¬ formed , and a very diligent fervice to be paid : for then we truly ferve God , when with a Loyal affeftion we love him , whom God hath placed to Raign over us. So the Laws of England looking upon . theft jng, as a GoJ upon Earthy do attri¬ bute unto him divers Excellencies that be¬ long properly to GW alone, as Juftice in the 10(5 c&e parent state the- Abftraft , Re* ^Anglia non poteji cut* quam ir.juriam facere. So alfo Infallibility, Rex <_Angli* non poteji errare. And as Gud is perfeft, fothe Law will have no imper¬ fection found in the King. No Negligence or laches, no Folly, no Infamy , no Stain or Corruption of Blood , ior by taking of the Crown, all former, though juft Attainders (and fuch Attainder made by udtt of Parlia¬ ment) is ipfj faUo purged. No Nonage or Minority ; for His Grant of Lands, though held in his Natural , not Po¬ litick Capacity , cannot be avoided by Nonage: Higher then this the Law attri- Luteth a kind of immortality to the King , Rex ^Anglia non meritur 5 his death is in Law termed the Demif; of the King, be- raufe thereby the Kingdom is demifed to another. He is faid not fubjeft to Death, Lecaufe he is a Corporation in himfelf, that liveth for ever , all Interregna , being in England unknown , the fame moment that one King dies, the next Heir is King fully and absolutely without any Coro¬ nation , Ceremony , or Aft to be done Lx Moreover, the Law feemeth to attribute to the King a certain Omniprefency , That — the King is in a manner every where, in all his Courts of Jv.(ii:e; and therefore can* rijt benon-fuited, (as Lawyersfpeak )' in all His Palaces , and therefore all Su'o- jf.fts fraud bare in The Prefence Chnmbvr, v.herefoever theCMAof State is placed, though the King be many miles difhmc irom. oftfntfaifo 107 from thence. And His Majpfties.good Subjefts ufual'y bow towards the laid Chair , when they enter into, the Prefence Chamber, or into the Hotife of Lords in Par¬ liament. He hath a kind of Vniverflal Influence over all hii Dominions', every Soul within his Territories, may,be faid to feel at all times his Power any! his Guodnefly Omnium Domos P-egis Vigilfp ; defendit , Omnium Othtm iUitu Labor ," Omnium •Delictus iUiut lnduftna, Omnium vacationem iUius Occutw- tio , dc. So a kind of Omnipotency , that the King can , as it were,raifc Men front Death to Life , by pardoning wham the I a v hath condemned , can create to the H ghelt Dignity, as Lord Chancellor, Lord Trea¬ surer, Gfe. ar.d annihilate the fame at prea- fnre. Divers other Semblances of the Sternal Deity belong to the King, ife in his own Dominions ( as God ) faith , VindiBa efi mihi ; for all punilhments do proceed from him , m feme of his Courts of Jufticc, ar.d it is nor lawful for any Subjcft to re¬ venge himfelf. So He otfely can be Judge in his ow'n 1 Caafe, though he deliver His Judgement by the Mouth of his Judges. And yet there are fame things that the o‘ England cannot do. Rex <_dngli* nihil injufle potejl , ar.d the Ljng cannot diveft himfelf, or his Succelfors, of any part of his Regal Fewer , Prerogative , and ^Authority, inherent and annext to the Crown: €fje p?efe«t State Crown: Not that there is any defeft in the Kings Bower (as there is none in Gods Tovar , though he cannot lie , nor do any thing that implies Contradiction.: ) Not but that the King of England hath as abfolute a Power over allhisSubjefts, as any Chriftian Prince rightfully and law¬ fully hath , or ever had : Not but that he frill hath a kind of Omnipotency not to be difputed , but adored by his Sub- iefts; Kttno qitiism de fa Bis ejus prafumat iifputare ( faith BraBon ) multo minus centra faBum ejtis in , turn is Chirtis r d EaBis cjus non debent ncc poffunt JuJlici- arii , multo minus private pcrfotte , difpu- tare. Not but that the King may do what he p’.cafe, without either oppofition or re¬ finance , and without being queliioned by his Subjects 5 for the King cannot be im¬ pleaded for any Crime; no lABion lieth sfgainft his Perfon , becaufe the Writ goeth forth in his own Name, and he cannot Arreft himfeif. If the King ihould l'eife the Lands (which God forbid) or lliould take away the Goods of any particular Subjeft, having no Title by Law fo to doj there is no remedy. Onely this. Locus erii ( faith the fame BraBon ) fupplicatmi quod jaBum fuum corrigat d emendst , quod quidsm ft non fecerit , fufficit ci ad psnam quod Dominum Deutn expcBet ZU. ter cm. There may be Petitions and Sup¬ plications made, that HisMajefty will be pleafed to rule according to Law , which if he fhall ret'ufe to do , it is fufficient that l.c mu ft expeft, that the King of Kings or citgiflitu* will be the Avenger of opprdTed Loyal Subjefts. His Councellours may alfo difTvvade him* his Officers may decline his unlawful Commands, the perfecuted may flie , all may ufe Prayers and Tears, the onely Weapons of the Primitive and Bert Chri- Ilians, and (rather then refill by force and Arms) meekly to fuffer Martyrdom , the Crown whereof is utterly taken away by all refliftance. But there are alfo divers things which the King cannot do , Salvo Jure , Saho Juramento , C? falva Confcientia fua ; be- caufe by an Oath at his Coronation, and indeed without any Oath, by the Law of Nature , Nations, and of Chriftianity, he holds himfcif bound (as do all other Chriftian Sings) to proteft and defend his People, todojufticc, and Ihew Mer¬ cy, to preferve Peace and Quietnefs amongft them; to allow them their juft Rights and Liberties, to confent to the Repealing of bad Laws, and to the diall¬ ing of good Laws. Two things efpccially the King of England doth not ufualiy do without the confcnt of his Subjefts, viz. Make new Laws, aRd raife new 7axes , there being fomething^ of odium in both of them; the one feeming to diminilh the Subjefts Liberty, and the other to infringe his Property; Therefore, that all occafion of Difaffeftion towards the Sing (the Breath of ourNoftrils, and the Light of our Eyes*, as he is Stiled in Holy Scrip- sure) might be avoided j it was uiolt wife- 109 no £ Be p?eTeitt state Jy contrived by cur Anceftors, that fo r both theft, fhould Petitions and Supplica¬ tions be fir ft made by the Subjeft. Theft, and divers other Prerogatives , rightfully belong, and are enjoyed by the King of England. Neverthe.'efs, the Kings of England ufually govern this Kingdom, by the ordi¬ nary known Laws and Cufioms of the Land (as the Great God doth the World by the Laws of Katurs ) yet in fome cafes, for the benefit,not datnmage of this Realm, they make ufe of their Prerogatives , as the Ejngoi Eiing: doth of his extraordi¬ nary power of working of Miracles. Laftly, to the .Kings of England §>ua- tenus Kings, doth appertain one Preroga - the that may be filled Super-excellent, if not Miraculous , which was f.rft enjoyed by that pious and good King Edward the Conteffior, that is, to remove and to cure the Struma'- or Scrofula , that ftubborn di- ftnft, commomnly called 7k; E but what can that contribute to fmall In¬ fants, whereor great numbers are cured eve¬ ry year. The manner of the Cure is briefly thus. U;on certain dayet almoft every week, fo long ?.s the cool Sealons inf:, His Alajeiiy is Graciouily pleafed to permit all the fick of that diftafe to be brought into his Royal Prefence, a.ter they have been carefully viewed and allowed by Kis Majefties Sur¬ geons * ofCngtonfc m geons; then there is an appointed (hort Form of Di-vine Service wherein are read (befides Come ihon Prayers pertinent to the occafion) two portions of Scripture taken out of the Gojpel , and at thefe words, [They Jhall lay their hands on the fick , and they Jhall recaverJ the King gently draws both His Hands over the fore of the fick perfon > and thofe 'words are repeated at the touch of every one. Again, at thefe words [That Light was the true Light , which Lighteth every man that cometh into the World J pertinently . ufed , If it be confidered that that Light did never ftiine more comfortably, if not more vifibly, than in the healing offo ma¬ ny leprous [and fick perfons. At thofe words, the King putteth about the neck of each fick perfon a piece of Gold, cal¬ led (tromthe ImpreifionJ an lAngel^ be¬ ing in valew about two Thirds of a French PiftoL In confideration of thefe and other trail-^S. feendent Excellencies, no King in Chri- ftendom- , nor other Potentate receives- from his Subjects more Reverence , Hottur , and Refpehh , than the King of England. All his people at their firft addreffes kneel to him; He is at all times ferved upon the foee , all perfons (not the Prince , or other Heir Apparent excepted \ hand bare in the Prefence of the King, and in the Prefence Chamber (though in the- Kings abfence) all Men are not only bare, but alfo do,or ought to do reverence to the. Chair 1112 € 8 e &erettt State Chair of State. Onely it was one indul¬ ged by Qyeen Mary, for fome eminent Ser¬ vices performed by Henry Ratliffs Earl of Sufiex, that (by Patent) he might at any time be covered in her Prefence , but per¬ haps, in imitation of the like liberty, al-* lowed by King Philip her Husband, and other Kings of Spain at this day, to fome of the Principal Nobility there called Grandees of Spain. Any thing or Aft done in the Kings Pre- fence, is prefumed to be void of all deecit and evil meaning ; and therefore a Pine levied in the Kings Court, where the K* n & is prefumed to be prefent, doth bihd a iv- na Covert, a Married Woman, and others whom ordinarily the Law doth difable to- tranfaft. The Kings onely Teftimony of any thing done in his Prefence , is of as high a na¬ ture and credit as any Record-, and in all HrArfent forth for the difpatch of Jufiice , he ufeth no other witnefs but himfelt, viz. XpMifS*. , CHAP. V. Of Saccefi'.n to the Crodvnof England, And of the Kings Minority , Jncaptfci - tj,andAhfexce. T Hc King of England hath right to the Crown by Inheritance, and the Law Cuftcms of England. Upon of (England Upon the death of the King , the next of Kinred, though born out of the Dominions of England , or born of Parents, nor Sub¬ jects of England , as by the Law, and ma¬ ny examples in the Englifh Hiflories , it doth manifeftly appear, is, and is immediately Ejng before any Proclamation , Coronati¬ on, Publication, or confent of Peers or People. The Crown of England defeends front Father to Son , and his Heirs 5 for want of Sons, to the Eld eft Daughter; and her Heirs; for want of Daughters , to the Bro¬ ther and his Heirs; and for want of Bro¬ ther to the Sifter and her Heirs. The Sali- que Law, or rather Cuftom of France , hath here no more force then it had anciently among the Jews, or now in Spain, and other Chriftian Hereditary Kingdoms. Among lurks and Barbarians , that French Cu¬ ftom is ftill and ever was in ufe. In cafe of defeentof the Crown (con¬ trary to the Cuftom of the defeent of E- ftates among Subjects) the Half Blood ihall inherit, fo from Kjng Edward the Sixth the Crown ami Crown Lands defeended ta Queen Maty of the half blood, and again to Queen Elizabeth of the half blood to the laft Poffeflbr. At the death of every King, die not only the Offices of the Court, but all Com- milfions granted to the Judges durante bene placito , and of all Juftices of Peace. II* During €8* parent ©fate During the Minority of the Kjng of Eng¬ land whatsoever is Enaftcd in Parliament, he may afterwards at the Age of 24 revoke,- and utterly null by his Letters Patent under his Great Seal, and this by S'tat. 28 H. 8. c. 17. If the King be likely to leave his Crown to an Infant, he doth ufually by Te/lament appoint the perfon or perfons that lhall hare the tuition of him 5 and fometimes for want of fuch appointment, a fit Perfon of the Nobility or Bilhops is made choice of by the Three States alfembled in the name ot the Infant King, who by Nature or Alliance hath moll Intcreft in the preferva- tion of the Life and Authority of the Infant, and to whom left benefit can ac¬ crue by his Death or Diminution; as the “Vnch by the Mothers fide , if the Crown come by the Father , and fo vice verfa 5 is made Protettor; fo during the minority of Edward the Sixth, his Uncle by the Mo¬ thers fide, the Duke of Sommerfet had the Tuition of him, and was called Preteftor : ar.d when this Rule hath not been obfer- ved (as in the Minority of Edvard the Fitth') it hath proved of ill confe- If the King of England be Non compos mentis , or by reafon of an incurable di- feafe, weaknefs, or old age , become un- capable of Governing, then is made a Re¬ gent , Eroteftsr 3 or Guardian , to Go- of CttglantL U5 King Edward the Third being at laft aged, lick, and weak, and by grief for the death of the Black Prince , fore broken in body and mind, did of his own will cre¬ ate his Fourth Son , John Duke of Lan- caper , Guardian , or Regent of Eng¬ land. If the King be abfent upon any For- ucin fo called from the Saxon Koningin, whereof the laft fyllable is pronounced by Porreigners zsgheen in En- glilh, it being not unufual to cut off the firft Syllables, as an udhnes-koufe is fome¬ times called a Spital from Hofpital, and Sander from ^Alexander- She hath as high Prerogatives, Dignity, and State, during the Life of the King, as any Queen of Europe. of (England 117- From the Saxon times the Qjieen C the Fifth, being Married to Owen ap Ike- 6 dare Efquire , did maintain her Artion as Queen ot England much lefs doth a Queen by inheritance, or a Queen Soveraign of England, follow her Husbands condition, nor is fubjert as other Queens; but So¬ vereign to her own Husband , as Queen JP.an was to King Phillip. CHAP. of Cnglaittr. CHAP. VII. lip Of the Sons and Daughters e/ E N G« LAND. T He Children of the King of England are called the Sons and Daughters of England ; becaufe all the Subjefts of Eng¬ land have a fpecial intereft in them, though the whole Power of Education,Mar» riagc, and difpofing of them, is onely in the King- The Eldeit Son of the King is born Duke Eldefl of Cornwall ^ and as to that Dutchy, and Son. all the Lands, Honours, Rents, and great Revenues belonging thereunto, he is upon his .Birth-day prefumed, and by Law taken to be of full age, fo that he may. that day fuc for the Livery of the faid Dukedom , and ought of right to obtain the fame, as if he had been full 21 years of age. Af¬ terwards he is created Prince of Wales 9 whofe Invifiiture is performed by thelmpo- fitionof a Cap of EJhte and Coronet on his Head, as a Token of Principality, and putting into his hand a Verge of Gold , the Embleme of Government, and a R mg of Gold on Its Finger, to intimate, that he muff be a Husband to his Countrey, and Father to her Children. Alfo to him is gi¬ ven and granted Letters Patent to hold the faid Principality to him and his Heirs Kings of England , by which words the re¬ paration 120 cije parent State paration of this Principality is prohibited- Kis Mantle which Ije wears in Parliament is once more doubled , or hath one Guard more then a Dukes, and his Coronet of Crojjss and FlrmiyIs-lttce } and his Cap of State indented. Since our prefent Kings happy Reftaura- tion, it was folemnly ordered, that the Son and Heir apparent of the Crown of Eng¬ land , (hall ufe and bear his Coronet of Crops and Flovecr-de-hices with one Arch , and in the midlt a Ball and Crofs, as hath the Royal Diadem. That the Duke of York and all the immediate Sons and .Bro¬ thers of the Kings of England, fliall ufe and bear their Coronets, compofcd of Cri'jje; and Flov:er~de-hce> only, but all their Sons refpe&ively hawing the Title of Dukes, fliall bear and ufe their Coronets compofed of CroJJa and Fluvtcr-deduces t Tuch as are ufed in the Compofure of the Coronets of Dukes, not being of the'Royal Family. From the day of his Eirth he is common¬ ly ftiled the Evince , a Title in England gi¬ ven to no other Subjeft The Title of Prince of Wales is antient, and was firft given by King Edward the Firft to his El- deft Son , for the Vvrffh Nation till that time, unwilling to fubmit to the Yoke of ftrangers, that King fo ordered, that his Queen was delivered of her firft Child in Caernavan Cajth in Daks , and then de¬ manded of the lYtlfh, as fome affirm , If fky would be content to ful’jeH themfehes , of (Eltfllflitfi ill. to one of their own Nation , that could not fpeak one word of Engliih, and againf whofe life they could take no jufi exception. Whercunto they readily contenting-, the - King nominated this his new born Son , and afterwards Created him Prince of Wales, and bellowed on him all the Lands, Honours and Revenues belonging to the • Laid Principality. The Prince hath ever fince been ftiled Prince of Wales , Duke of Aquitaine and Cornwall , and Earl of Chefter and Flint , which Earldoms are always conferred up¬ on him by Letters Patent. Since the "Uni¬ on of England and Scotland^ his Title hath been Magna Britannia Princeps , but more ordinarily the Prince of Wales. As eldeft Son to the King of Scotland he is Duke of Rotbfay and Senefchnlof Scotland from his Birth. The King of England* Eldeft Son (fo long as Normandy remained in their hands ) was alwayes ftiled Duke of Nor¬ mandy. Anticntly the Princes Anns of Wales y whiift they were Soverajghs, bare quarterly Gules , and 0 ,y 4 Lyons paffant gardant coun¬ ter changed. The Armes of the Prince , of Wales at this day, differ from thofe of the King only by addition of.a Label of three points charg¬ ed with nine Lorteaux , and the Device of the Prince is a Coronet beautified with three Q'firich Feathers, inferibed with leb dien , which in the German, or old Saxon Tongue is, 1 fern, alluding perhaps to , >; ' G that 122 €lje$efent State that in the Gofpel, ike Heir whiljl bis fa¬ ther Uveik differetb net from a Servant. This Device was born at the Battel of Crejfy by John King of Bohemia , as ferving there under the King of the French , and there (lain by Edvsard the Black Prince , and (luce worn by the Princes of Wales ,' and by the Vulgar , called the Princes lAnr.s. v, The Prince by our Law is reputed as a *•'’ the fame Perfon with the King, and fo declared by a Statute of Henry the Eighth, Corufcat enim Princess (fay our Lawyers) radii: Regis Pattis fui f? cen- feiur «na perfona turn ipjo. And the Civi¬ lians lay , the Kings deleft Son may be fti- P. h. He hath certain Priviledges above other perfons. To imagine the death of the Prince, to violate the Wife of the Prince, is made High-Treafon. Hath therefore had Priviledge of ha¬ ving a Purveyour , and taking Purveyance as the King. To retain and qualifie asmany Chaplains. 2s he fhall pleafe. To the Prince at the Age of i? was a certain Aid of Money from all the Kings Tenants, and all rhat held of him in Ca- file, by Ejiights-Service , and Eree-Socage y to make him a Knight. Yet as the Prince in nature is a diftindl Perfon from the King,'fo in Law alfo in fome cafes he is a Subjeft,ho!deth his Prin- (cipadities and Ssignories of the King,giveth the the fame re/peft to the King, as other Sub- jefts do. The Revenues belonging to the Prince, Revenues fince much of the Lands and' Demefnes of that Dutchy have been alienated ; are efpecially out of the "linn Mines in Corn- 101111, which with all other profits of that Dutchy amount yearly to the fum of The Revenues of the Principality of Wales, furveyecl 200 years ago was above 4680 b yearly, a rich Eftate ac¬ cording to the valew of Money in thofe dayes. At prefent his whole Revenues may a- tnount to Till the Prince come to be 14 years old, all things belonging to the Principality -of Wales; were wont to be difpofed of by Commifiioners confuting of fome prin¬ cipal Perfons of the Clergy and Nobili; ty- The Cadets or younger Sons of Eng- Cadets, land, are created, (not born) Dukes or Earls of what Places or Titles the King pleafeth- They have no certain Jlfflanages as in Trance, but oncly what the good pleafure of the King beftowes upon them. All the Kings Sons are Conftllarii nati , by Birth-right Councellors of State, that fo they may grow up in the weighty affairs of the Kingdom. G 2 The ,124' €fje parent ©tate The Daughters of England are Ai¬ led Princeffes, the elded of which had an iJ-ii, or certain rate of Money paid by every Tenant in Capita, Knights Ser¬ vice , and Soccage, towards Her Dow¬ ry or Marriage Portion; and to violate Her unmarried is High-Trcafon at this day. To all the Kings Children belong the Title of Royal Higknefi ; All Subjefts are to be uncovered in their prefence , to kneel when they are admitted to klfs their hands, and at Table they are (out of the K^gs Prefence ) ferved on the Knee. The Children , the Brothers and Sifters of the King, if Plaintiffs the Summons in the Procefs need not have the folem- nity of 15 dayes, as in cafe of other Subjects- All the Kings Sons, Grandfons, Bro¬ ther?, Unities, and Nephews of the King, are fcy St at. ;i Henry Eight, to precede othtrs in England ; It is true , the word Granfai is not there in terminis , but is underftood, as Sir Edward Coke holds, by Nephew, which in Latin being Ne- pcs , Signifies alfo, and chiefly a Grand- fi /: - r .... The Katural, or ilhgitunate Sons ar.dj Daughters of the King, after they are acknowledged by the King, have had here as in France , precedence of ail the Nobles under thofe of the Blood Royal. They of €nglan&. 125 They bear what Surname the King p'.eafeth to give them, and for Armes the Arms of England , with a Bajlon , or a Border Gebionne , or fome other mark of ^legitimation. Some Kings of Eng¬ land have acknowledged many , and had more illegitimate Sons and Daugh¬ ters. King Henry the Firft had no fewer than Sixteen Illegitimate Children. Henry the Eighth amongft others had one by Elizabeth Blount , Named Henry Fitzroy , Created by him Duke of Sower- fa and Richmond , Earl of Nottingham , and Lord High Admiral of EngUnd,lreUnd, and Mquitain. CHAP. VIII. Of the prefent KING of ENGLAND^ and- therein of His Name, Sur- Name, Genealogie , Birth,Bapifme, Com, Education, Reflauratm, Mar¬ riage, Sic: T He King now Raigning is CHMRLES Name. the Second of that Name. His Name of Baptilme Charles, in the German Tongue dignifies one of a Mafculine ftrength or vertue. The Royal, and alfo the moil Princely Surname. and Antient Families of Europe , at this day lie €:ije p?efent mm day have properly no Surnames , for nei- t'ner is Burbon the Surname, but the Ti¬ tle of the Royal Family of France , nor isiufirix of Spin , nor Stuart of England, Since the coming ir, of King fames, nor the- odore or -Tudor for his five immediate An- ceftors in England, nor Flanttgenet for eleven Succeffions before; as fome vainly think; for althouh Geffery Duke of udn* jou was furnamed Flantagenet from a Bnom Stalke, commonly worn in his Bon¬ net, yet his Son Henry the Second King of England, was furnamed Fitz-Emprefs, and bis Son Orchard, Cceur deLyon : So Owen Grandfather to King Henry the Seventh , w as ap Meridith , and he ap Theodore, pro¬ nounced Tyder , Surnames being then but littlein ufe amongft the Cambrobritains s So Walter Father to Robert King of Scot - land, from whom our prefentKing is des¬ cended, was only by Office Grand Senef- chal or High Steward, or Stuart of Scot¬ land, though of latter times by a long vul¬ gar errour it hath fo prevailed that it is accounted the Surname of many Families descended from him. Steward is a Contraftion from the Saxon word Stedeward , that is in Latine Locum* tetisns, in French Lieutenant, becaufethe Lord High-Steward was Regis locum te¬ nons , a Name not unfit for any King , who is Dei locum tenens, Gods Stuart, or Lieutenant, or Vice-Gercnt upon Earth. Gcnea • Our Soveraign Lord the King now Raig. logics, niflg is Son to King Charles the Martyr, and the af (EnfflantF, 127 the Princefs Henrietta Maria, Daughter of KingHinry the Great of France ; from which ■ two Royal Stocks he hath in his Veins fome of all the Royal Blood of Europe concentred. Is defcended lisc-ally and lawfully from the Britijh, Saxon, Danijb , Norman, and Scotii(h Kings and Princes of this Ifland. From the fir R Britijh Kings the i?qrh Monarch , from the Scotifb in a continued fucceffion for almoft 2000 years the 109th* from the Saxon the 46th , and from the fir ft of the Norman Line the 26th King. So that for Royal Extraction and long Line of juft defeenr, His Majefty now Raigning excels all the Monarchs of all the Chriftian, if not-ef the whole World. Is the firft Prince of Great Britain fo born, and hath in poffeflion larger Domini" ons than any of his Anceftors. He was born the 29th of My,. 1630. at £ ( y. f g, the Royal Palace of St. James, over which Houfe the fame day at Noon was by thou, fands feen a Star , and foon after the Sua frittered an Eclipfe, a fad Prefage as fome then divined, that this Prince’s Power fhould for fome time be eclipfed,, as it hath been ; and fome fubjeft fignified by a Star, ihonld have extraordinary fplen* dor. Was Chriftened the 27thof June fol- lowing by the then Bifhop of London Do* ftcr Laud. Had for his Godfathers his two llnctes . Lmiis the Thirteenth King of trance , and G 4 tredirick■ ; 128 €fje parent State Frederick Prince Valatine of the Rhyn , then called King of Bohemia , reprefented by the Duke oi Richmond and Marquis Hamilton ; his Godmother being his Grand-Mother, then Queen-Mother of Franc;, reprefented by the Dutchefs of Richmond, Kid for Governefs Mary Countefs of Dor Jet , Wife to Edward Earl of Dor - Jet. In 'May if; 3 he was firPf Ivilghted. and immediately after he was made Fright of the Garter, and initallcd at Viinifor. G.About ti.is time by Order', not Crea¬ tion , he wasfirft called Prince of Wales r.r.d had all the Profits of that-Principal- hrv, r.nd divers other Lands annexed, rmd Earidome of Che far granted unto him, and held his Court apart from the Edutati • tit the Age of Eight he had for Gover- or.. n:ur the Earl', afterwards Marquis, and now Duke of Kiwcafel^znd after him the late Earl of Berkjhin ; and for Futor or Rrecepior , Doftor Duppa then Dean of Chrift-Church , after Bilhop of Salisbury 5 and lately of JVincbeJler. At the Age of 12 was with the King his Father at the -Battel of Edge bill , and foon after at Oxford was committed to the care of the Marquis of Hertford. About 14 years old was in the Head of sn Army in the Weft of England. At of Cnstaifo At the Age of 15 a Marriage was propo- fed between him-and the Eldeft Daughter of the King of Portugal, the Infanta Jo- anna fince deceafed. ‘ Two years after was from Cornvial tran¬ sported to the Me of Stilly, and after to jerfey , and thence to his Royal Mother to St. Germains near Paris. In 1648 was at Sea with fome Naval forces , endeavoring to refeue the Rng his Father, then in the Me offl%6r 0 uc of the wicked hands of his Rebellious Sub- jefts. Not many Months after, upon the fad news of the .ionid Murther of his Roy¬ al Father , he was in Holland firft faluted Kj-ng , and foon after Proclaimed in Scot- Jatid 0 being not yet 19 years of Age. At the Age of 20 from Holland he land¬ ed in Scotland , June 165c, and in January' following was Crowned at Scoon. The Third of September 1651 fought the Battel of Worcejkr, whence after the un¬ fortunate lofs of his whole Army, wandring in difguife about England for Six Hecks, and moll wonderfully preferved he was at length tranfported from a Creek near SI:o- ram in Safes to Eeccam near Harare de Grace in France 5 in which Kingdom with his Royal Brothers and divers Englijb No¬ bility, Clergy, and Gentry, he was for fome years received and Treated as King oiEng¬ land , and by his Mediations and Interell with the Prince of Conde, and the Duke of Lorain , then in the head of two Great and Mighty Armies againft the French ftng , quenched the then newly kindled fires of a ® 5 great 129 130 . CMefent State great and univerfal rebellion againft . him >. much refembling (that of_ England ; and was a means of recalling the then fled and banilhed Cardinal Mazarine .- After which, in Germany , Flinders , Spain , GV. he paffed the refidue of his time in the Studies andExercifes raoft befitting a Princejin Sol¬ licking the Aid of Chriftian Princes , and in advifing and vigoroufly promoting the feverai attempts of his Friends in England,. untill the year iSSo, at which time being at Brufsls within the Spanilh Teritories, and perceiving a general inclination and dif- pofttion of all England to receive him, he providently removed himfelf to Breda , within the Dominions of the United Nea* tkrhnds , in the Moneth of *April, thence in May to the Hagtu\ from whence, after a magnificent Entertainment, and an humble invitation by Englilh Commiflioners fent from the then Convention at Weftminfier , he embarkt at Scbeveling the 23d of May 1660, and with a gallant Englifh Fleet, and a gen¬ tle gale of Wind, landed the 25 at Diner, and on the 25th following, being his Birth, day,and then juft 30 years of Age, he en- tred into London , was there received with the greateft and mod univerfal Joy, Acda» mations, and Magnificence that could poffibiy be exprefled on fo fhorta warning, ^pOn the firft of June following , his Ma- jefty fate in Park ament, and on the 22 of ^Jpril 1661 rode in triumph from the lower to Vr.fnmnfter, on the next day, being St. Georgs, was Crowned with great Ceremo- © 8 . On the 28th of May following, declared to his Parliament his intention to marry the Infanta of fVta^who accrodinely, in May 1 662, being landed at Portf mm J ms there efpoufed to the King, by the then Bi- teriwy Lcndmi now ArchbifhopofG»«- , His ^jcfties life hath been full of won¬ ders, but three paffages efpecially feem mi- raculous. Fnft, at his Birth a Bright Star feen over Ium at Noon-day by many thou- fands Secondly , his efcape in and after the Battle of Womfter , when being in the very heart of England , forfaken by all. a funi of Money by'Public!? AH promifed to thole that lhould difcover him , and pe¬ nalty of High-Treafon to any one that lhould conceal him ; when he was fecn and known to many perfons of all forts and conditions; whereof divers were very in¬ digent, and fo.very fubjeft to be tempted with thepropofed reward, and divers of the Female Sex, and fo moll unapt to re- tain afecret, when he was neceffitated to- wait fo many weeks, and appear in fo many, places and companies, before a fit oppor¬ tunity of tranfpoTtation could be found. Thirdly, His Majefties Rcftauration (quip, ft tmpojjibtk fnit Ftlium tot Frecationum,. tot Lacrymarum , C? tot Miraculortim peri - ijfe) that after fo many years difpolfellT- on, his mod inveterate, potcnt,fuhtil ene¬ mies in' full and quiet polfeffion,on a Hid¬ den the defire of hun lhould like Lightning, or a mighty Torrent, run over all Eng¬ land in fudj a manner , that 1 e fhou'd be iblemaiy m €fje parent Butt folemnly invited, magnificently conduced, triumphantly received , without Blood, Blows, Bargain, or any Obligation to any Foreign Prince or Potentate. • This was the Lords doing, andmuftfor ever be marvellous in our eyes. CHAP. xr. Of the prefetit QUEEN of ENG¬ LAND. D O NN Ji. CJdLVE RlN Jl, In « fan: a of Portugal, being Queen Con- fort of England, and the Second Perfon in the Kingdom, was Daughter of Don Juan rhs Fourth or that Name, King o:. Portugal , defeended iromour Ev.ghjhjmin ot Gaunt, Duke of Lancaficr , and King of Cafitle 5 and L?on,Fourth Son oi Edward the Third, King of England ; and of Donna Lucia, Daughter of Don Guzman el bueno, a Spaniard ; Duke of 'Medina Siiknia , who was lineally defeended Tom Fcrdir.ando de la Cerdr,and hL Confoit Elanche , to whom St. Lewis King of France her i'amer, re- linquiihcd his Right and Title to Spain, defeended to him by his Mother Blanche, Eldeft Daughter and Heir of ^dlpkmfo , the- Spaniih King. She was born the Fourteenth of Novem- her 1638. at Villa Vico fa in Portugal , fhe was Baptized Catherine , fjgnifying in Greek Pure ; Her Father being then Duke of otaisiann of Eraganza (though right Heir of the Crown of Portugal) the moft potent Sub¬ ject in Europe ; for a Third Part of Ps««- gal was then hoklen of him in Vaffallagc5 and is oncly Sifter at prefent of Don 1 Jlplmfo the Sixth of that name , and the Three and twentieth King of Portugal , 1643. Hath one Brother more Called Don Pe¬ dro 3 born 1648. now called Prince of Por- tugal. Had another Brother called Don Eheoda- fto 5 the eldeft Son of that King , who was the moil gallant and hopeful Prince of all Europe , but died 1653* aged but 18 years, yet his Life thought worthy to be written by avers grave Authors of Portu- gal. Having been mod carefully and pioufly educated by Her Mother, and at the age of 22. defired in Marriage by King CH ud RLE S the Second, and the Mar¬ riage not long after concluded by the Ne¬ gotiation of Don Frathefco de MeJo Conde de Ponte Mar quit de Sarnie, then Extraordi¬ nary Ambaffadour of the King of Portugal , and Solemnifed at Litbon. She embarkt for England upon the 2 3d of lApril 166 2. being the Feftival of St. George, Patron as well of Portugal as England , and was lately by the Earl of Sandwich conduced by a Squadron of Ships to Portsmouth ; where the King firft met her, and was re-married. On the 23d of ^Auguft\662 Her Maj:- fty coining by water from Hamptun- Court 3 was with great Pomp and Magni¬ ficence 154 Cfiepiefettt State ficence firft received by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London at Cbelfey, and thence conduced by water to Mite, hid. The Portion (he brought with her was Eight hundred Millions of Reas or two Millions of Crufitf s, being about three hundred thoufand pounds Sterlings toge¬ ther with that important place of Tangier upon the Coaft of the Prime No¬ bility and the Heralds aflzifing at that Ce¬ remony. of (England 139 After the Surrender of Oxford , his Roy¬ al Highnefs was in 1 6 46, conveyed to Lon¬ don by the then prevailing difloyal part of the two Houfes of Parliament., and com¬ mitted with his Brother Glocejler and Sifter Elizabeth to the care of the Earl of Northumberland. In 1648 aged about 15, was by Colonel Bampfieli conveyed in a difguife or ha¬ bit of a Girle beyond Sea, firft to his Sifter the Princefs Royal of Orange in Holland , and afterward to the Queen his Mother; then at Paris , where he was carefully edu¬ cated in the Religion of the Church of England, and in all Exercifes meet for fuch a Prince. About the Age of 20. in Franco went into the Camp ague , and ierved with much Gallantry under that great Commander the then Proteftant Marefh.a.1 L Jursnne for the French King againft the Spaniih Forces in Flanders. Notwithftanding which , upon a Treaty between the French King and Cromwell in 1655 , being obliged with all his retinue to leave the French Dominions, and invi¬ ted into Flanders by Don Juan of %Aufria y he there ferved under him againft the French King , then leagued with the Eng- lijh Rebels againft Spain, where his Mag¬ nanimity and Dexterity in Martial Affairs, (though unfuccefsful) were Very eminent. In the Year 1660 came over with the- King into England , and being Lord High Admiral, in the Year 1665 , in the War againft the Vnited States . of the Nether¬ lands, I4Q p?erent lands , commanded in perfon the whole Royal Kavy on the Seas between England and Holland , where with incomparable valour and extraordinary hazard of his own Royal Perfon , after a moft (harp dir' foute he obtained a Signal ViBory over the whole Dutch Fleet , commanded by Admiral Opdam , who perifht with his own and many more Dutch Ships in that Fight. In the Year 1672 in a fecond War a- gainlt the Vnited Neatherlands , he again commanded the whole Englilh Fleet, and rat the Dutch to flight, after along and fierce fight, with exceeding great peril of life. He Married lAnne the Eldeft Daughter of Edward Earl of Clarendon , late Lord High Chanceliour of England , by whom he hath had a numerous iifue , whereof are living firftthe Lady Mary, born 30 ^April 1 £62, whofe Godfather was Prince Rti- fert, and Godmothers the Dutcheffes of Buckingham and Ormond. Secondly , the tzd'juinne , born in Felr. 1664. whofe Godfather was Gilbert Lord Archbifhop of Canterbury , her Godmothers were the young Lady Mary her Sifter and the Dutch- efs of Monmouth. She was lately for her health tranfported into France. Thirdly, the Lady Catherine ; born the 19 of Fe¬ bruary 1670 whofe Godmothers were, the Queen and the Marchionefs of Wor- after , and the Godfather the Prince of Orange then in England. The ofeitffiann* The Titles of his Royal Highnefs, are Duke of York and ^Albany , Earl of 1 ) 1 - Jhr 9 Lord High Admiral of England, Ire- land) and all Forreign Plantations, Con- liable of Dover Cafile , Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports , Governor of Portf- tnouth , &c. Of the Prince of Orange. Next to the Duke of York and his Iffue, is William of Naufatt Prince of Orange t only Iffue of the lately deceafed Princefs Royal Mary , Eldeft Daughter to King Charles the Firft, and wedded 1641 , to William of NaJJau , the onely Son to Henry Prince of Orange , then Commander in Chief of all the Forces of the States Ge¬ neral both by Land and Sea. His Highnefs the prefent Prince was • born 9 dayes after his Fathers death on the 14th. of November 1650 , had for God¬ fathers the Lords States General of Hol¬ land and Zealand-) and the Cities of Delft y Leyden, and Amfierdam. His Govcrnefs was the Englifh Lady Stanboji , then Wife,to the Heer Van Hem - vliet. At Eight years of age was fent to the Univerlity of Leyden. His yearly Revenue is about 60000 1 . Sterling , befules Military advantages en¬ joyed by his Father and Anceftors, which ■ amounted fcljeWfctrt State amounted yearly to about 3000 l. Sterling more. He is a' Prince in whom the high and Princely qualities of his Anceftors alrea¬ dy appear. Of the i : rincefs Henrietta^ The next Heir ( after the forewarned ) to the Englifh Crown, was the Princcfs Henrietta youngeft Sifter to the prefent King of England. She was born the ifth. day of June 1644 at £jeefer during the heat o£ the late Rebellion, after the Surrender of Exeter , conveyed to Oxford^ and thence 1646 , to London , whence with her Governefs the Lady Dalkeith , {he efcaped into France, was there educated as became her high Birth and Quality, but being left wholly to the care and maintenance of the Queen her Mother at Parti , embraced the Romijh Religion. At the Age of 1 6 years came with the Q^een Mother into England , and fix Months after returning into France , was Married to the only Brother of the French King the Illuftrious Prince Philip then Duke of ^in)ou , till the death of his Un¬ cle , and now Duke of (k,leans, whofe Re¬ venue is ncoqco Livers lournoti , beiide* his appanage , not yet fetled. ofM&tfr Her Portion was 40000 l. Sterling , her Joynture was to-be the fame with the pre- fent Duchefs Dowager of Orleans. This Princefs left Iffiie two Daughters, lhe was ufually ftiled Madame only, as be¬ ing the firft Lady in France , fliedied fud- denlyiny«nei67o. The Elder czUcdMadamoifdle only, or fans queve hut. becaufe lhe is the firft Gentlewoman of trance. The younger Sifter is called Madamoi* felle de Valois 5 if lhe had had a Son , the French King was to allow him 50000 Crowns yearly , and the udppanage after the death of the prefent Duke , reverts to the Crown. Of the Prince Eleftor Palatine. There being left alive no more of the Off-fpring of King Charles the Firft, the next Heirs of the Crown of England , arc the Ilfue and Defcendants of Elizabeth , late Queen of Bohemia , onely Sifter to the faidKing, who was Married to fredertck y Prince Palatine of the Rhine, afterwards ftiled King of Bohemia , whofe Eldeft Son living, is Charles Lodozvick, Prince Eleftor Palatine of the Rhine , commonly 'called the Palfgrave , from the High Dutch Ffahzgrajf , Palatii Comes , was born the Two and Twentieth of December , 1617. 144 Wp^erent^tate at Heiddbergb ;* and afterwards at the Age of Three or four years, conveyed thence into the Countreys of WiBenbergb and BranJenlurgb , then into Holland , and at the Hague , and the Univerfity of Ley. den, was educated in a Princely manner-,. At the Age of Sixteen was made Knight of the Garter, and at the age of Eighteen years came into Englcni, about Two years aiW , fought a Battle at Z'lotn in Wifi* Halla. Indteyear 1039. puffing incognito rhorow France , to take poffcffioiT of Bri- facb upon the Rhine , which the Duke of Sixer. ! Vey.nar intended to deliver up unto him. together with the Command of his Arm7 , he was by that quick-fighted Car¬ dinal Ricbllcu difeovered at Moulins, and thence fent back Prifoner to the Beit Je Vincennes , whence after Twenty three weeks Impriionmcnt, he was by the me¬ diation of the King of England fet at li¬ berty. In the year 1643, he came again into England , 'and with the. Kings fecret con-, fern (beccufe the King could not continue ,::;ro him the wonted Penfion , whit’d the Rebels poifeit the gratefhpart of his Maje- fties Revenues) medeihis Addreffcs to , ar.d abode yyith the disloyal part of the Lords and .Coipmons at Wefiminjler , un¬ til the Murder, of the faid King and the ■■-'^biftauration of the Lower Falatinat , ac¬ cording to the famous Treaty at Munfier - for which he was conflrained to quit all his Right to the Z'pper Palalinat, and accept of an Ei&btk Ekftorjkip 5 ‘ at a jun- arenitfaitk ftnre of time wh#i the King of England (had he not been engaged at home by an im¬ pious Rebellion)had been the moft confide- rable of all other at that Treaty , and this Prince his Nephew would have. had the greateft advantages there. In 1650, he efpoufcd the Lady Charlotte . at Caffd , Daughter to William the 5 th. Landgrave of HeJJe , and of Elizabeth Emi¬ lia of Hanaw, by whom he hath one Son named Charles, born 31th of March 1651, to whom is lately married the Sifter of Cbrifii- ern the prefent King of Denmark , and fifth of that name } and one Daughter na¬ med L'owife, born in MayiC^i. now married to the Duke of Orleans , only Brother to tiie French King. Of Vrince Rupert. Next to the Iffue of the Prince EleBor Palatine , is Prince Rupert, born at Prague i 7 December 1619, not long before that ve¬ ry unfortunate Battle there fought, where¬ by not only all Bohemia was loft , but the Palatine Family was for almoft 30 years difpoffeft of all their Poffeffions in Ger¬ many. At 13 years of age he marcht with the then Prince of Orange to the Siege of Rhinebergb. And at the age of 18 he commanded a Regiment of Horfe in the German Wars, H and 14 6 ^ije parent State - and in the Battle oi.Lcipgou i6$R , being taken by thelmperiaiifts under the Com* mand of Count Hatzfield , he continued a Prifoner above three years. In 164:, returning into England, in t A- fril this Prince at a Chapter held at Tori, w.s elected Knight of the Garter , and foon after made General of the Horfe to the King,fights and defeats Colonel Sands near Uercefter , routed the Rebels Horfe at Edge Hill , took Cnencefiler , raifed the Siege of vs ark , recovered Lichfield and Brifiol , raifed the long fiege before Latham Houfe, toueht the great Battle at Marflon Moor , wzscreatedEarl of Holdernefi, and Duke of Cumberland , after the extinction of the Male Line of the Cliffords 1643. Finally the Kings Forces at Land being totally de¬ feated, he tranfported himfelf into Trance, and was afterward made ^Admiral of fuch Ships of War as fubmitted to King Charles the Second, to whom after divers difafters at Sea , and wonderful prefervations, he returned to Laris 1652 , where, and in Germany Sometimes at the Emperors Court, and Sometimes at Heydelbergb , he patted his time in Princely Studies and Exercifes, till the Reftauration of fiisMa- jefry now Raigning , after which, returning into England , was made a Privy Conned- lor in 166 and in 1 666, being joyned Ad¬ miral with the Duke of c Albemarle, firft at- taekt the whole Dutch Fleet with his Squa¬ dron, in fuch a bold refolutc way , that he put the Enemy foon to fiLfu. He 0C<£nffiank He enjoys a Penfion from Hfs Majefty of 4000 l per lAnnum , and the Government of the Caftle of . ;i:i; ■; ■ , • After-Prince Rupert. the next Heirs to the- Crown 'oi-Englana are '3. French La-* dies, Daughters of Prince Edward' lately deceafed, who was a younger Son of the Queen of Bohemia , whofe Widow the Princefs Dowager , Mother to- the faid three .Ladies , is-Siiier to the iate'Queen of Poland, Daughter aud Coheir to the Jaft Duke of Never* in France , amongft which three Daughters there is a Revenue of about 12 coo l Sterling a .year. The Eldeft-of thefe -i* mirried to the Duke d'Engbien El deft SQn to the prince of Condo': The Second fe Married to John Frederick Duke of Brunfijick arid Lunen- I’urgh at Hattsver. After thefe is the Princefs Elizabeth, Eldeft Sifter living to the Prince Eledtor Palatine , born 26 Decemb. 1618. umtiar-' ried Shd living in Germany is Abbefs of Hervorkn , but of the Proteftant Reli¬ gion. The next is another Sifter , called the Princefs Lottifa , bred up at the Hague with the Queen,her Mother in the Religion of the Church of England , at length em¬ bracing the Romijh Religion , is'now Lady , Abbefs o£Maubuijjbn at Ponthoife , not far from Paris. La* 14? H 148 Clje parent Stfate Laft of all Is the Princefs S«]>ki<( 9 young- eft Daughter to. the Queen of Bohemia , born at the Hague. ii OBob. 1630, and in. 1 e 5 3. wedded to Erneft ^Jngufie Duke of Brunfieick and' Lunenburg , Bifhop of Dfnaburgh, by whc.m Ihe hath three Sons and a Daughter. Ofthefe three Princeifes it is faid , that the firft is the mod Learned , the fecond the greateft Artift , and the laft one of the belt addrefs and the moft accompliftit Ladies in Europe. CHAP XII: Of the Great Officers of the Crown, N Ext to the King and Princes of the Blood are reckoned the Great Offi¬ cers of the Crown ,• whereof theie are Nine, viz- the Lord High Steward of England $ the Lord High Chancelhur, the Lord High Treafurer , Lord Frefident of the lungs Council, the Lord Privy Seal , the Lord Great Chamberlain , the Lord High Con- fable , the Earl Matjhal , and the Lord High ijddmiral. The firft Great Officer of the Crown, ac- Seward. c °tding to the account ot our Aneeftors, - ’ was the Lord High Steward of England, or Viceroy , for fo the word Steward inv ports in the Saxon Tongue , from SteJe and flf 149 and ward, Locum tenens , in French Lieu- tenant , , and was the fame Officer with the Reichs Drotzet., that is, Reghi vice Rex in Sweden-, and the SStadtbolder in Denmark, hvho is alfo called Vice-Roy or Lieutenant du Roy. Our Common .Law¬ yers ftile him Magnus ^Anglia Senefchallus, of Sen in Saxon JuJiice , and Scbals a Governour or Officer. He was anfiently the Higheft Officer under the King , and his power ^exorbi¬ tant , that it was thought fit not longer to truft it in the hands of any Subject; for his Office was SuperviJere d regulars fub Rege d immediate pojl Regem ( as an ancient Record fpcaks) totum Regntim «.Anglia d omnes mmfiros Legum infra idem regntun temporibus pacts d guerra - The lad that had a State of Inheritance in this High Office was Henry of Bul- Ungbruok (Son and .Heir to the great Duke of Lancafier John of Gaunt, after¬ wards King of England) fince which time they have been made only pro hac vice , to officiate either at a Coronation , by ver- tue of which ■ Office: he fitteth judicially and keepeth his Court in the Kings Pa¬ lace at iVeJlminfter , and there receivcth the -Bills and Petitions of all fuch No¬ blemen and others, who by reafon of their Tenure , .or t otherwife, claim to do Ser¬ vices at the New Kings Coronation, and, to receive the Fees and Allbwances due and accuftomed ; as lately at the Co¬ ronation of King Charles the Secondthe H 3 Duke jso piefent state Duke of Ormond was made for that occa- fion Lord High Steward »f. England, ■and (marching immediately before the King , above all other Officers of the Crown) bore in his hands St. Edwards Crown : Or elfe for the Arraignment of fome Peer of the Realm , their Wives or Widow?, for Treafon or Felony, or fome other gr:at Crime , to judge and give Ten¬ ter,ce T as the antient High Stewards were wont to do which ended , his Commiffi- on expireth: fo at the late arraignment of the Lord Morley for Homicide , the Eari of Clarendon , then Lord High Chancel¬ lor of England , was made Lord High Stew¬ ard fro ilia nice: During fuch Trial he fit* eth under a Cloth of Eftate , ar.d they liar fp:ak to him fay, May itpkafe.ydur Grace my Lord High Steward of England 1 His Commidion is to proceed Secundum Legem IS conjuetudinem uinglitt. He is ' foie Judge , yet doth ca’l all the Twelve Judges of the Land toaffifthim. Is not fworn , nor the Lords who are the Triers of the Peer arraigned. During his Stewatdihip he bears a .White Staff in his Hand ,'and the Trial being over, openly breaks it , and fo his Office takes an end. Lord Next, The Lord High Chancellor , Sum- Chancel * mus CanccEarius , fo called , becaufe all lour. Patents , Commijftons , Warrants , coming from the King , and perufed by him , are figned , if well; or cancelled , if amifs 5 or elfe becaufe antiently he fate intra cancel- ios, of Cngfatto iji hs , that is, fuch a partition as ufually now fcparates the Church from the Chan¬ cel. Heis after the King and Princes of the Digntty, Blood in Civil lAffurs ( there being now no Lord High Steward) the higheit Perfon in the Kingdom, as the i Arch.btjhof of Can¬ terbury is in Ecclefujlical Affairs. His Office is to keep the Kings Great Office. Seal, to judge , not according to the Com¬ mon Law , as other Civil Courts do ; but to moderate th: rigor of the Law, and to judge according to Equity , Conscience , or Reafon. To beltow all Eccleft,tffical Be¬ nefices in the Kings gift under 20 l. yearly in the Kings Books, and for this and ’other caufes he was ever till of late years a C'er- gy-nian. His Oath is to do fight to all manner of OatL People poor and rich, after the Laws and Cuftomsof the Realm, and truly Coun- fel the King, to keep fecret the Kings Coun- fel, nor fuffer fo far as he may , that the Rights of the Crown be diminilht, CSV. From the time of Henry 2. the Chancel¬ lors of England have been ordinarily made of Biihops,or other Clergy-men,lear¬ ned in the Civil Laws, till Henry 8. made Chance Hour firft Sir Thomas More , and after him I homos Dudley. After whom • alfo was made Lord Chancel lour Sir Ri¬ chard Rich Knight, Lord Rich ( a Com¬ mon Lawyer), who had been firii the (aid H 4 Kings i >2 €lje parent ©tate Rings Solicitor, and afterwards Chancel- lour'of his Court of Augmentation , from whom is defcended the prefent Earl of Vi 'ar-xick , and the Earl of Holland; fince which time there have beenfome Bifhops, _ Lat mo ft Common Lawyers. This High‘Office is in France durante ~ita , but here, is durante bene p'lacito Re- Salart. The Salary from the King is 84S /. per tjinnum , and when the Star-Chamber was up, ::d. per ^dnnum more for his At¬ tendance there. Criaiioib The 'Lori Chancelleur and the Leri E/ep-.r are the fame in Authority and Pow¬ er and Precedence , yet they differ in Pa¬ tent, in Height.and Favor of the King,they are Created per Traditionem tnagni Sigilli jib: per Dominum Regem , and by taking an Oath,onely the Lord Chancellour hath befides a Patent. The Great Seal being lately taken from the Lord Jfceper Sir Orlando Bridgtman Knight and Baronet, was by His Majefties great favor given to the Earl of Shaftesbury with the Title ot Lord Chancellour of Eng¬ land. Lord The Third Great Officer of the Crown Jreafu- is the Lord High Treasurer of England , who rer. receives this high Office by delivery of a TYtiis Staffs to him by the King , and holds it durante bene placito- Regis. Anti-' ; I 5 i: Antiently. he' teceived tfjis Dignity by the delivery -of the Golden .Keys of the Ire a fury. His Oath is little different fro-m that of Oath. the Lord Chancellour. ' He is PrdfeBus tate Huufhold, after the French Mode,, but Prt- mMarity and ever fince called the Lord Steward of the Kings Houfhold. The State of theiywgs Houfe is commit¬ ted to him , to, be ruled aud guided by hi? diferenon / and all his Commands in Court to be obeyed and ferved - And as his Power is great, fo is his Dignity ,, State, and Ho¬ nor. The Steward and Treafurer within the Kings Houfr^ faith an old. Manpfcript, reprefent tbs State of an Earl. . He hath Authority over all Officers and Servants of the Kings Houfe, except thofe of his Majefties Chappe 1 , Chamber, and Stable, <5c. He by his Office, without any Commif- llon, jedgeth of all diforders, as Deafens , Murders , Felonies, Blooifhcds , committed in the Court, or within the Verge, which is every way within Twelve Miles of the chief Tunnel of the Court (onely London by Charter is exempted) for the Law having an high efteem of rhe dignity of the Kings fetled Manfion-Haufc , layd out fuch a Plot of Ground about his Houfe (asa : Haut Pafs, or Foot-Carpet fpread about the Kings Chair of State, that ought to be more cleared and void, then other places) to befubjeft to afpecial exempted Jurif. diction depending on ihe Kings Pr.fon and Great Officers, that fo, where the KK.g esmes, there fliou'd come with him Peace, and Order, and an awfulnefs and Reverence in. Mens hearts: befides, it would havebeen a kind of eclipfing of the /{.•figs Honour, that where the King was, any ofCnglanfc \ 6 f any Juftice fhould be fought, but frame- diately from the Kings own Officers 5 and therefore from very ancient times, the Jurisdiction of the Verge, hatli been execu¬ ted by the Lord Steward, with great cere¬ mony , in the nature of a Peculiar Kings Batch, and that not only within, but without the Kings Dominions: For fo it is recorded, that one Engleam of Nogent in France , for ftealing Silver Difhes out of the Houfe of Edward the Firft, King of England, then at Paris (after the matter had been debated in the Council of the King of France, touching the Jurisdiction/ and ordered , That the King of England fhould enjoy this Kingly Prerogative of his Houlhold) was condemned by Sir Robert Fitz-John , then Steward to the King of England , and hanged in Saint German w Fields. The Lord Steward is a White Staff-Offi. cert, for he in the Kings Prefence carrieth a White Staff, and at other times going abroad, it is carried by a Foot-Man bare¬ headed. This White Staff is taken for a Commiffion; at the death of the King,over the Hcrfe made for the i\i n & Body, he breaker!] this Staff, and thereby difehargerh all the Officers, whom the fuccceding King, out of his meer Grace, doth rc- cftablidi each one in his former Office. This eminent employment is now enjoy¬ ed by James Duke of Ormond, whofe Fee is 100/. yearly, and Sixteen Difhes daily each Meal, with Wine, Beer, i$c. The 158 ^Dz picfettt state The next Officer is the Lord Chamber- hy«, who hath the over-fight of nil Officers belonging to the Kings Chamber,except the Prceinfts of the King^ Bed-Chamber, which is wholly under the Groom of the Stole ; and all above Stairs 5 who are all fworn by him, (or his Warrant to the Gentlemen llihers) to the King. He hath alfo the overfight of the Officers of the Wardrobes , at all his Majefties Houfes; and of the removing Wardrobes , or of Beds , of the Tents, Rifels^ Eluftck, Comedians , Hunt¬ ing, and of the Mefengers, of the Trumpet- ters , Drummers , of all Handicrafts , and Artifans,retained in the Kings Services. Moreover, He hath the overfight of the Heralds and Purfirants , and Sergeants at ^rms 5 of all Phfstians , Apothecaries, Surgeons , Earbars , &c. To him alfo belongeththe overfight o r the Chaplains , though iiimfelf be a Layman ; contrary in this particular to the antient Cuftom of England , and Modern Cuftom of all other Kingdams , where Ecclefiaiticks arc never under the ordering of Laymen. Alfo cf the Charges of Coronations, Marriages, Entries,Cavalcades, Funerals, of. The Fee of the Lord Chamberlain of the Kings Houfeis ico l. yearly, and Sixteen dirties each Mea!, with all the Appurte¬ nances- This Office is nowin the hands of Henry Jermrn Earl of St- Albans, Moll Moft of the above-Nanv-d Offices and Places are in the Gift and Difpofal of the Lord Chamberlain. . The Third Great Officer of the Kings Court, is the Mafier of the Horfc 9 ancient¬ ly called Comes Stabuli , or Confab le , to whom a higher employment and power was then given, and this taken from hint. This Great Officer hath now the order- • ingand difpofal .of all the Kings Stables, and Races, or breed of Horfes; and had heretofore of all the Poftsoi England. He hath alfo the power over Efcurtes , and Pages 5 over the Footmen , Grooms , Riders of the Great Horfes , Farriers , Smiths , Coachmen , Sadlers , and all other Trades working to the Kings Stables 5 to all whom he (or by his Warrant the ^Avener) gimh an Oath to be true and faithful. He hath the Charge of all Lands and Revenues appointed for the Kings breed of Horfes, and for Charges of the Stable , and for Litters , Coaches , Sumper-Hor- fir, 8rc. He oncly hath the Priviledge to make ufe of any Horfes 9 Pages , Footmen , belonging to the Kings Stable. At any Solemn Cavalcade he rides next behind the King, and Leads a Leer Horfe of State.' This Great Honour is now enjoyed by George Duke of Buckingham. His yearly Fee is 6 66 1 .16 s. 4 d. and a Table of Six¬ teen Dilhes each Meal. I The State The account of the .Stables for Horfc- mcat. Livery, Wages and Board-Wages, are brought by the eJvcncr S being chief Clerk of the Jvery , to be palled and allowed by the Board of the Green- Under thefe Three Principal Officers of Kis Majefties Kouihold , are almoit all the ether Officers and Servants. Firft, under tlje Lord Steward in the Compting Huufe , is the Ireiforcr of tbs Houfholi. Comotroler. Cofferer. Mafter of the HoufhsU. Tsa Clerks of tbs Green Cloth. Two Clerks Comptrollers. One Sergeant. Two Yeomen. Ike Cofferers Clerks , or Clerks of the \j£Jp.gnment, The Groom. I'ezo Meffengers. It is called the Compting-houje , bccaufc the Accompts for all expences of the fangs Huufkoli , are there taken daily by the Lord Steward , the Treafurer , Comotroler , the Cofferer , the Mafter of tbeHoufhold , the Tw® Clerks of the Green Cloth , and the Two Clerks Comptfilers , who alfo there make Ptoviftons ior the Houlhold, accor¬ ding to the Law of the Land, and make Payments and Orders for the well govern¬ ing of the Servants of the Houfhold. In • ofWanfc 171 In the Compting-Hoife is the Green- Cloth , which is a Court of Juftice continu¬ ally fitting in the Kings Houfe, compofed of the Perfonslaft mentioned; whereof the Three firft are ufually of the Kings Privy- Council. To this Court, being the firft and moft ancient Court of England , is committed the charge and overfight of the Kings Court Royal for matters of Juftice and Government, with Authority for main¬ taining the Peace within Twelve miles di- ftance, wherefoever the Court ihall be , and within the Kings Houfe the power of correffing all the Servants therein that fhall any way offend. It is called Ehe Green Cloth, of a Green Cloth whereat they fit, over whom are the Arms of the Comptiiig-Houfc , bearing Vert , and a-Rod Or, a Staff Urgent Saul- tter, fignifying their Power to ro'watd’and correft, as 'Perfons for their great wif- dom and experience thought fit by his Ma- jefty to exercife both thefe FunBions in His Royal Houfe. The Treafurer of the Kings Houfe is al--. wayes of the Privy Council, Jtndt iff ab- fence of the Lord Steward hath^wer with the Compiroler , and Steward of the Mar- fhalfea , to hear and determine Trcafons, Felonies, and other inferiour Crimes com¬ mitted within the Kings Palace, and that by Verdift o&the Rings Houjhold. Houfhold'’Servants within the Check- Roll , if any be found guilty of Felony, no benefitof Clergy istobe allowed him. ■ Ai- ' eiently this Court might have held Fleas- of I 2 ■ Free- C&e piefent ©tate fr«fc»Malfo. His yearly Fee 124/. n t- 8 l and a Table of Sixteen Diihes each Meal. He bears a White Staff, and is at prefsnt Franc# Lord Newport.. The Comprolers Office is to controul the Accompts and Reckonings of the Green-Cloth. His yearly Fee is 107 /. 12 x. 4 a Table of Sixteen Difhes each Meal. He bears a White Staff,and is at prefent William Lord Maynard. The Cofferer isalfo a Principal Officer , hath a fpecial charge and overlight of other Officers of the Houfe , for their good de¬ meanor and carriage in their Offices, and is to pay the Wages to the Kings Servants above and below Stairs; and for Provifions, by the direftionand allowance of the Green* Cloth. His yearly Fee is 100 1. a Table of Seven difhes daily, and is now Colonel William lAjhburnham. The next is th cMaftcrof the Htujhold , whofe Office is to Purvey the Accompts of the Houfe. His Fee one Hundred Marks , and Se¬ ven diffies daily , enjoyed by Sir Herbert Fries. All Bill; of Controulment, Parcels, and Brh-vments , are tolted and allowed by the Clerks Comptrolers , and fummed up by the Clerks of the Green-CIetb. of engJanir. i 7 j The two Clerks of the Green-Cloth are at prefentSir .Stephen Fox and Sir William Bore man, and the two Clerks Comptrollers are Sir Winfion ChurchU, and Sir Richard Maftm. . Tfac yearly Fee to each of thefc Four, is 48 I.13S.4J. And between them,Two Tables of Seven Difnes to each Table. The reft of the Compting Houfe being kfs confidcrable , fliall tor brevity be paft over j and for other Officers below Stairs, onely their Names and Number Ihall be no¬ ted, their Fees being not confiderable, ex¬ cept the Sergeants Fee of erch Office; onely the Reader may here take notice, that although the King pays ftili ,he ancient Fees, which at firft were of above Ten times the valew they are now ; yet the Pcrquifits in many Offices, make fometimes a place of 1 o h Fee, to be wotth near 5 00 1. per an- Hum. In thci^f eatery or the Caterers Office , a Sergeant, Robert ^Jngeh, a Clerk, Pur¬ veyors for FIcfh and Fi(h, Yeomen ; in all Twelve perfons. In the Poultry , a Sergeant, Simon olger, a Clerk, Yeomen, Groom?, Purveyors;in all Ten perfons. In the Bake-Houfe , a Sergeant, Nicho¬ las fobnfon , a Clerk, divers Yeomen, a Garnitor, divers Purveyors, Grooms,and Condufts, in all, feventecn perfons. : In the Wood-Jtari , a Sergeant, Mr. Bland a Clerk, Yeomen, Groom, and Pages; in aU eight perfons. I 3 In 174 Zty p?efent^>tate In the Scullers, a Sergeant, William Dike, a Clerk, Yeomen, Grooms, and Pages 5111 all twelve perfons. In the Larder, a Sergeant, a Clerk, three Yeomen, three Grooms, two Pages. In the Paftry, a SergeanT^Mwm a Clerk,Yeomen,Grooms, and Children, in a!! Eleven perfons. xY,;, That from the Pafry, to the eJca- iff, as the Clerk of one Office dies, the Clerk of the next under Office fucceeds 5 and from the iA:attry, as any of the Clerks of th zuh-tnxry, Sficevy, or fctcbm die, rhe Clerk of the ^Jcauiy fucceeds j and from thence to be one of the Clerks Cun - uoukr. then Clerk of the Cmpting-Houft , then Majler of the Eoufholi ,■ laftly. Cofferer of tbs Euufholi, : higher then which, this Succeffion goes not. Kote alfo , That in each Office there is a Sueceffion from one to another ; as one of the Children may come to be Groom, then Yeoman, then Gentleman, then Ser¬ geant , as he happens to out-live them above him- In the Pantry a Sergeant, bands Cub, Yeomen, Grooms, Pages, tfc. In all Ele¬ ven. , , In the Cellar , a Sergeant, Bacbard Dalton , a Gentleman, Gilbert 7 hombrougb, Yeomen, Grooms, Purveyors, Pages, in all twelve. In ofCnglank 175 In the Buttery a Gentleman, Robert Ermly, Yeoman, Grooms, Pages, Pur¬ veyors; in all eleven. In the Pitcber-Houfe , a Yeoman j .Grooms, Page, and Clerk, in all Five Perfons. In the Spkery, Three Clerks and a Gro¬ cer. In the Chandlery, A Sergeant, Sir 2 £a. mas Monings Baronet; two Yeoman, two Grooms, and a Page ; in all fix perfons. In the Wafery a Yeoman, and a Groom. In the ConfeBionary a Sergeant, two Yeomen; a Groom, and a Page. In the Emy a Sergeant, Jii. Wynn ; a Gentleman,. rwo Yeomen, a Groom, and two Pages. In the Laundry a Yeoman, a Groom, three Pages, and a Draper. In the Jfetehin five Clerks, Thre-c to the Henry Firebrafe , Efq } . S John Clements ,7 T T “nV j Ll - D - And two Clerks to the Queen, (John Manly, ( viz* Two. i i wo. Another for the Oriental longue , Major Fhomcts R oycrift. Eooktinder One , Sam.Mearne. to > r One. fay hrs Two. FotbMafters for all the Port-Towns in lH|b»i,all fworn to, and paid by theKing. A Mafter of the Game of C'tck- figbting. One Sergeant Skinner ^Abraham Down¬ ing Elquire , who hath the care of His Ma- jelties Furres- Two Embroiderers- Two Keepers of the Privy Lodging- Two Gentlemen, and one Yeoman of the Sows. One Crofs-bow-Makcr,one Fletcher- One Cormorant Keeper. One Hand-Gun Maker. . One Mafter and Marker of Tennis. One Miftrefs-Scmpftrcfs, and one Latin- One Perfpeftive-Maker. (drefs. One Mafter Fencer. One Haberdafner of Hats. One Comb-Maker. One Coffee-Maker. One Sergeant Painter. One Painter. One Limner. One of atsum One Pifture Keeper.- One Silver Smith. One Gold finith, One Jeweller. One Perruque Maker. One Keeper of Phefants and Turkies. Joyner, Copier of Piftures , Watch- Maker , Cabinet-Maker, Locksmith, of each one. Game of the Bears and Bulls , one Ma¬ iler, one Sergeant, one Yeoman. Operators for the Teeth, Two. Coffer-Bearers to the Back-Stairs , Two, ■ One Yeoman of. the Beaff ,, • Watermen, Fifty five. Upholder, Letter-Carrier,Foreign Pod, ofeachone. Officers belonging to Gardens, Bowling- Greens, Tennis-Courts, Pall-Mall, Ten perfons. Keeper of the Theater in Whitehall. Cutler, Spurricr,Girdler, Corn-Cuttcf 3 Button-Maker, one of each. Embolfer, Enameler, of each one. Writer, FJouriflier, and Embelliflter, Scenographer, or Defigner of Profpefts, Letter-Founder, ofeachone. Comedians , Seventeen Men, and Eight Women Aftors. Gunner, Gilder, Cleanfer of Piftures, Scene-keeper,Coffer-maker, Wax-Chandler, one of each. Keeper of Birdstmd’Fowl in St- James's Bark, One. Keeper of the Volery , Goife-Club- Makcr, Sergeant Painter,one of each. K s With 198 C5ep?c.rcnt State With divers other Officers and Servants under the Lord Chamberlain ; to fervchis Madefty upon Extraordinary occafions and fervices. Note that many of thcfe Offices and p'-ces are of good Credit, great Profit, and enjoyed by Perfons^ of Quality , al¬ though not here named for want of good information. A Lift of His Majefties Officers and Servants under the Mafter of the Horfe. F Irft are 12 Querries, fo called from the French word Zfcuycr , derived from Efcurie a Stable. Their Office is to attend the King on Hunting or Progrefs; or on any occafion of riding abroad to help His Majefty up and down from his Horfe, C»c. Of thefe there are four called Querries of the Crown Stable , viz. Sir miam Armorer. Captain John "Muffin Efq; James Porter Efq; John Mazine Jun. Efq; The other 8 are called Querries of the Bunting Stable , viz. ^ArJrez >,* Co/e, Efq; Sir Charles uildsrlee Knight. Ibomaf of atffiata Thomas Windham Efq; Sir Nicholas ^Armorer Knight. Henry Progers Efq; Sir Robert Pyc Knight. Wakelife Efq; Walter Strickland Efq,' The Fee to each of thefe is onely io l. yearly, according to the antient Cuftom , but they have allowance for Diet to each 100 l- yearly, befules Lodgings and two Horfe Liveries. Next is the Chief c Avsner , from t Ave- na ? Oates ; whofe yearly Fee is 40/. and. this place with all the following , are in the Gift of the Mafter of the Horfe. This Office at prefent hath Jof'fi Crog Efquire. There is moreover one Clerk of the Stalls *, William Morgan Efquire , 4 Yeo¬ men Riders, 4 Child Riders , Yeomen of the Stirrup , Sergeant Marlhal and Yeomen Farriers , 4 Groom Farriers, Sergeant of the Carriage , 3 Surveyors, a Squire and Yeoman Sadlers, 4 Yeomen Granators, 4 Yeomen Purveyors, a Yeo¬ man Peckman , a Yeoman Bit-maker, + Coachmen , 8 Littermen , a Yeoman of the Clofe Waggon, 64 Grooms of the Sta¬ ble , whereof 30 are called Grooms of the Craven Stable , and 34 of the Hunting and Pad Stable , 26 Footmen in their Liveries to run by the Kings Horfe. K>. m There tElje parent State There is (hefidesfome oiher Officers not here named ) an Ancient Officer in the Kings Houftio'd , called Clerk of the Mer¬ est , who within the Verge of the K-ngs Houfhold is to keep a Standard of all Weights and Meafures, and to burn all f.rife Weights and Mcrfnres 5 and from the Pattern of this Standard are to be taken all the Weights and Meafures of the Ring- There are dicers other Offices belong¬ ing to the King of great importance, which are not fubordinare to any of the 3 fore-mentionoi Great Officers, asMafler c f lb; Gnat JYarJnb; , Bojl-majhr , Ma¬ iler of the Orinanc; , Warden of the Mint ; "where jc in the Second Part of the Pre- fan State. In the Court of King fames there were many more Offices, and to many Offices there belonged many more perfons, which King Charles the Firft much ledcned , and the prefect King now Raigning hath yet lelTened much more- Upon the King are alfo attending in his Court the Lords of His Privy Council, the Reverend Judges, the Learned Col- ledge of Civilians , the Kings Council at Law , the Kings Sergeants at Law , the Walters of Requefts, Secretaries of State, Clerks of the Signet, Clerks of the Coun¬ cil , Keeper of the Paper Office or Papers of State, of ail whom take the Cata¬ logue following. pe The Names of the'Lords of His Ma~ jeflies Moft Honourable Privj‘ Council. H is Royal Highnefs the Duke of York. His Highnefs Prince Rupert. Gilbert Lord Archbifliop of Canter - bur) 1 . tAntbony Earl of Shaftesbury , Lord High Chance! lour of England. Ybomaf Lord Clifford o: Ckudleigb , Lord High Treaftirer of England. John Lord Roberts Lord Privy Seal. George Dake of Buckingham , Maker of the Korfe to His Majefty. - Raines Duke or Ormond., Lord Great Steward of His MajeXties Houfliold. . John D’Ae oi Lauderdale, Secretary of Stase in Scotland. William Cavendijh , Duke of I 'yewtaftle, Henry Lord Marquis of Dorchefler. Henry Lord Marquis of Woriejlcr. ladwbrey Earl of Oxford. . . fames Earl of Qjfory.. Robert Earl of Lindfey Lord Great Cham¬ berlain of England. Henry Earl of St. Albans , Lord Cham¬ berlain to His Majefty. John Earl of Bridgewater.. Robert Earl of Leicejler- John Earl of Bath , Groom of the Stole to His Majefty. K 4. Henry 202 ©&e parent State Henry Ear! of Jdrlk,gton , HisMajefties Principal Secretary of State, t Arthur Ear! of ^dnglefey. Chirk; Earl oi Carlifle. William Ear! of Craven. Arthur Earl of RfJ-x. J. Ear! of Rothes, His Majeftics Comrnif- iioner in Scotland. Jo. Ear! or Middleton. job; Earl of Lvetedah. Richard Earl ofCarbery. Roger E'er! o: Orrery. ■ Homos Vifcount Falcor.lridge. George Vifcount Halifax. Humphrey Lord Bifhop of London. Francis Lord Newport , Treafur«r of HisMajefties Houihoid- Denfel Lord Hoiks. John Lord Berkeley. Sir George Carteret Knight, Vicc-Cham- berlain to His Majefty- Mr. Henry Coventry , One of His Majc* fties Principal Secretaries of State- Ralph Montague Efq; Sir William Morrice Knight. Sir John Duncomb Knight. SirT homoiChickely.' Sir Robert Carr , Chancellour of the Dutchy. Sir Ibomas Osborne, Sir Robert Long Baronet. WJiam Lord Maynard , Comptroller of His Majefties Houihoid- ofCttfllatfo The Names of all the Kings fudges > the Kings Counsel at Lavs , and the Kings Sergeants at Law, &c. I N the High Court of Chancery. The Right Honourable uinthony Earl of Shaftesbmy^LorA High Chancel- lour of England , with whom fit as Afliltanfs, Sir Harbottk Grimjion Baronet. Mailer of the Rolls. Sir William Child Knight , Doftor of Laws. Sir Jujlinian Lewin Knight, Doftor of Laws. Sir Thomas Ejlcourt Knight. Sir Mundiford Brampjlone Knight,Doftor of Laws- Sir Nathaniel Hobart Knight. Sir William Glafcock Knight. ’! Sir John Cod Knight. Sir Umothy Baldwin Knight, Doftor of Laws. Sir Andrew Hacket , Knight. Sir William Bevcrjkam Knight. Dr. Howe-U. Thefe twelve are called Mailers of Chancery. State • ln-ibc Court of the Kings Bench. Sir Ihihtvs Hah Knight, Lord Chief T uftice cf the -Kings Bend. Sir Thomas Twifden Knight and Baronet. Sir Rieka;-i Rains fori Knight. In th Court of the Common Pleas. Sir John Vaughan Knight, Lord Chief Juftice of the Common fleets. Sir William Witte Knight and Baronet. Sir R chert«.Atkins Knight of the Bath. In the Court of the Exchequer- Sir Edvard Turner Knight and Baronet, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer. 5 ir Cbrifiophir Turner Kt. Sir Timothy Utthton Kt. .Sir Hugh Windham Kt- Clement SpcJman Efqj Tfcefe are all the Principal Judges in England , who-to the Kings High Honour and his Kingdoms great Happinefs, are Perfons for Knowledge, Courage, Uncor- reptnefsjfSV- equal, if not fuperiour to any other in former Kings Reigns. 2 h KingsSergednitand Learned Council at. Law. Sit John Maynard Kt. thcKijngs -Sergeant at Law. Sir Heneage Finch Knight an^ Baronet, the Kings Attorney General. ; Sit Francis North Soiv'to tlje Lord North^ the Kings Solicitor General. Sir 'Job Cbarkton Knight', Chief Juftice of Chejler , His Majefties Serjgcant at Law. Sir William Sctoggs KnightHis Majeities Sergeant at Law. , : ' Sir Edward Ehurland Knight, His Majefties Councej, Learned in the Law. Robert Milward Efqnire , ,-His Majefties Ju'ftiee n Chejler t and C^uncel Learned in the Law. " : Eke ^ueen Conforts Cottiicel at Law- bit. Montague the Qneens Attorney Gene¬ ral. •' Sit Frederick Hyde Knight, her Majefties Sergeant at Law. . . ,. t Eke §ueen Mothers Cou'icel was, •Sir Peter Ball Knight, Attorney. Henry Win Sollicitor. ‘ . • Ehe Duke-of'&nt-’s Cduijcch- . Sic Edward Ehurland Attorney. Sir Francis Goodrich Soliscitor. 2c5 fljejjettw state Sergeants at Lavs. 'Kudigate. Sejs. Waller. Brome. Tournottr . . Elys. Hardres. VHlmott. Goddard. 1 Sir Rich. Hopkins Kt. 5 ergeant 4 Fhnt. turner. Barton. Sit John Hcvsel Kr; Recorder of London. Bramjione. .Sir Henry Beckham Kt. Goodfdlovs. ■■ Baldwin. Powys. m Sit William Jones. It; Chief Judges and Doftors of the Civil Lavs. Sir Giles Swcit Judge of the Arches, Kt Dodlorof Laws. £ir Lionel Jenkins Knight, Doftor of Laws, Judge both of the Prerogative Court and of the Admiralty. •Sir Robert Wifeman the Kings Advocate, Kt. Doftor of Laws. Six of€ttgian& Sir Richard Chaworth Knight, Doftor of Laws,,Advocate to the Lord High Ad¬ miral. Sir Walter Walker Knight , Doftor of Laws. John MiUcs Doftor of Laws. Sir Timothy Baldwin Knight , Doftor of Laws. Thomas Extm Doftor of Laws, Chancel- lour to the Lord Aifhop of London, John Clark Doftor of Laws; His Maje* (lies Profelfor of Law in Cambridge. The prefent Secretaries of State , are, Henry Earl of Arlington, whom forhis eminent fervices at home and abroad, both in War and Peace , His Majefty was plea- fed to advance into the place of Sir Ed¬ ward Nicholas. And Mr.Henry Coventry,v/bo for his great Abilities, and fucceLful Negotiations, had that Honour and Truft conferred upon him, upon the late Deceafe of Sir ‘John Tre¬ vor. . The King hsthfour Mafters of Requefte, Vcho are at prefect. Colonel Gervafe Holies. Sir Thomas Beverley. Sir John Berkenhead. Sir Charles Cottereh 207 Clerk/ Clerks of the Council are % Sir Edward Walker- Sir John Nicolas, Sir Robert Southwell. Sir Jofeph yi'illiamfon. : Clerks of the Signet an. Sir Phillip Warwick. - . Svejuhn.Nicholas.- ' Sidney Beare Efq; 7'rutnlalECqj The Keeper of thePapcr Office , or Pa* pers of Stare at Whitehall , is that moff in¬ genious and worthy perfon, Sir Jofeph Wil - lian/jiin■ ‘ Of the Military Gcvcrmmih the Kings Court,. / S in a Kingdom, lecaufe Civil 'Go- i v . yerno, s Proofing Tpmpqraj.* and 'EcclcfiaSica! '■ ■ Governors Eternal. Re¬ wards and Pmaliunems', are. not fufficient to fecure Peace ; therefore a Military force is always in readinefs: So in the Kings Court, liefides Civil- and Ecclefiaftical 0dicers , it is thought ueceffary. alwayes to have in readinefs Military-Officers and Soldiers to preferve the Kings Perfon $ -whereupon depends the Peace and Safety of all ftiiSti-bjeds. Belonging peculiarly to tiie Kings Court, (befidesabove 4000 Foot, and above 500 Horfe , who are always in pay and readi- Hefs to affift upon any occasion ) there are Guards of Horfe and Foot. The Horfe-Gurd , which the French call Garde du Corps , the Germans Lieh-Guar- , vve corruptly Life-Guard, that is, Ihe Guard of the Rings Body, hath confi- fted of 500 Horfetnen , all or moll Gefr tlemen and old Officers, commanded by the Captain of the Guard , now James Duke of Montmutb , whofe pay is 30 s. a day , and each Horfemen 4 s. a day. The Horfe have been divided into Three, parts, whereof 200 under the immediate Command of the Captain of the Guard, 15 o tinder Monfieur le Marquis de Blanquefort ,, and 150 under Sir Phillip Howard, whofe Pay to each is 20 s. a day. Under the Captain of the Guard are now onely two Lieutenants, Sir Ikomas Sandis , and Major General Egerton ; the Coronet is Mr. Villars, Son to the Lord Grandifon, alfo a Quarter matter and four Brigadeers. The Office of the Captain of the Life' Guard is at all times of War or Peace to wait upon the Kings Perfon (as oft as he rides abroad) with a confiderable num-* ber of Horfemen well Armed and prepa¬ red againft all dangers whatfoever. At home within the Kings Houfe it is thought fit that the Kings Perfon fhould have a Guard both above and below Stairs. 200 2io p?efent State In the Prefence Chamber therefore wait the Honourable Band of Gentlemen Pen¬ sioners , firft inftituted by King Henry 7. and chofen ufually in all times fince out of the beft and molt antient Families of England , not only for a faithful Guard to the Kings Perfon, but to be as a Nurfery to breed up hopeful Gentlemen , and fit them for employments both Civil and Mi* ]itary , as well abroad as at home, as De¬ puties of Ireland, Ambaffadors in Fo¬ reign Parts, Councilors of State, Cap¬ tains of the Guard , Governors of Pla¬ ces , 2nd Commanders in the Wars both by Land and Sea ; of all which there have been examp'es, as George Lord Hunfdon Captain of the Penfionersat the death of Queen Elizabeth, intimated in a Letter to King James, before he came to Eng¬ land. Their Office is to attend the Kings Per¬ fon to and from his Chappcl , only as far 25 the Privy Chamber j alfo in all other Solemnities, a ^Coronations, Publick Au¬ dience of Ambafadors, See. They are 40 in number , over whom there is a Cap¬ tain , ufually lome Peer of the Realm ; a Lieutenant, a Standard-Bearer, and a Clerk of the Cheque , who ate at prefent as followeth- Tne Band of Gentlemen Penfioners. Lord Ealccnbridge Captain 1 oco 7 . Sir John Bennet Knight of the Bittb, Lieu¬ tenant 260 7 . yearly. t Francis of Cttglatfo. 2ii Francis fillers , Second Son to the Lord Grandifon Standard-Bearer , 200 /. yearly. 7 hu. Wynne Efquire, Clerk of the Check •120 /• 1 s. 3 d. yearly. John Dinghy Efquire. Edward Harhert Efq; llamas Hay Its Efq; Edward Brooks Efq; William Sheldon Efq; Sir Ehomas Rowe Knight. Sir Reginald Eofter Baronet, Sir Richard Harrifon Knight. ''' John Rootes Efq; Sir George Courthop Knight. Sir Philip Hollywood Knight. Sir Edward Cdlfton Knight, Sen. Charles Skrimjbire Efq; 1 ■William Cowper Efq; . 'Sir George Eajh Knight. Charles Crompton Efq; John Raymond Efq; Sir Edmund Barker Knight. ^Anthony Gawdy Efq; Edward Coleman Efq; Fleetwood Dormer Efq; Brett Norton Efq; - William Dickenfon Efq, Hugh Eente Efq; '• '■ ■ John ftrke Efq; Henry Earner Efq; j Edward ^Alfion Efq; Junior. Richard Willis Efq; Henry Bellafts Efq; William Eate Efq; 2i2 djepierents»tate Sir 1 lamas Grey Knight. Walter Rea Efq; Wtlltam Forde Efq; Henry Slingsty Efq; : Edward Games Efq; John Kirks J unior, Efq; Robert Dacres Charles Radley Efq; Thomas Shutterden Efq; Roger Conysby Efq; Edward Cowjter Efq; The Fee to each of thefe is ioo l year¬ ly. Richard Child Gentleman Harbinger to provide Lodgings for them , his Fee 70/. Ordinarily wait only one half of this Band, and by Quarter. Upon extraordinary oecafions all of thsm arefummoned. . ' •• Their ordinary Armes are Gilt Pole- axes. Their Arms on Horsback in time of War, are Curaffiers , Arms with Sword and Pi. ftob The Band of Penfioners is not under the Lord Chamberlaynbut only under their own Officers, and • are always fworn by the Clerk of the Checque ; whofe Office is to take notice of thofe rliat areabfent when they lhou'd be upon their duty. Their Standard born in time of War is, lA Crofs Gules in a Field vdrgent , alfo.Fiw Bends. ' srf Sftisnmtt ns Again, In the firfl Room above Stairs, Called The Guard Chamber , attend the Tea¬ men of the Guard of His Majejites Body ; whereof there were wont to be two hundred and fifty Men of the beft quality under Gen¬ try,and of larger ftature then ordinary (for every one of them was tob; fix Foot high.) 1 There are at prefent One hundred Yeomen in daily waiting; and Seventy more not in waiting; and as any of the One hundred fhdl die, hisplace to be filled up out of the 'Seventy. Thefe wear Scarlet Coats down to the knee, and Scarlet Breeches, both richly guarded with Black Velvet, and rich Badge's upon their Coats betorc and behind. More¬ over, Black Velvet round Broad-Crowned Caps (according to the mode ufed in the Reign of Henry the Eiguth) with Ribbons of the Kings colour. One half of them of late bear in their hands Harquebuses,, and the other half Par ifans, wb, large Swords by their fides‘- They have Wages and Diet allowed them. Their Office is to wait upon the King in his (landing Houfes, Forty by tiny , and T wenty to watch by night; and about the City to wait on the Kings Pcrfoil abroad by Water or Land. The Captain of this Guard is at prefent George Lord Vifcount Grandifon, whofe Fee is tooo l yearly. Lieutenant is’ Col. Tho. Howard , Fee 5 oo t- Enfign Edward Sactinide Efquire , Fee goo /. Clerk of the Checqtie Rickard Smith , Fee 1 50 /. Four Corporals, Fee to each 150I. The 214 €&e ftefcttt State The Rings Palace Royal (Ratione kegite Dignitatis) is exempted from all Junf- diclion of any Court Civil or Eckfiafti- cal , but onely to the Lord Steward, and in his abfence to the Treasurer and Comptrokr of the Kings Hotijbold, with the Steward of the -v'arfhjifiy, who may by venue of their Office, without Commiffion hear and de¬ termine all Is safons, Felonies, Breaches of the Feat: committed within the Rings O/urt or Palace. The molt excellent Or- dersandRules for the demeanor and car¬ riage of all Officers and Servants in the Rings Court , are to be feen in feveral Tables, hung up in feveral Rooms at the Court, and Signed with the Kings own Hand , and worthy to be read of all Stran¬ gers. The Rings Court or Houfc where the Ring refideth, is accounted a place fo Sacred, that if any man prefume to ftrike another within the Palace where the Kings Royal Perfon refiderh, and by fuch liroke only draw blood, his right hand (hall be ftricken off,and he committed to perpetual imprifon* ment and fined-By the AntientLaws of Eng¬ land onely linking in the Rings Court , was punilhed with death, andlofsof goods. To make the deeper ImprelTion and ter¬ ror into Mens minds, for ftriking in the Rings Couri , it hath been ordered,that the pumfhment tor ftriking (hould be executed witn great folcmnity and ceremony, in brief thus: of englano. 215 The Sergeant of the Kings Wo'odyard brings to the place of Execution afquare Block, a Beetle, Staple, and Cords to fallen the hand thereto , the Yeoman of the Scullery provides a great fire of Coals by the Block, wherein the Searing Irons brought by the chief Farrier, are to be ready for the chief Surgeon to ufe. Vi¬ negar and cold Water brought by the Groom of the Saucery; the chief Officers alfo of the Cellar and Pantry are to be ready, one with a Cup of Red Wine, and the other with a Manchet, to offer the cri¬ minal after the Hand cut off, and the Stump feared; the Sergeant of the Ewry is to bring Linnento winde about, and wrap the Arm. The Yeomenofrhe Poultry , a Cock to lay to it, the Yeoman of the Char.dry feared Cloaths, the Mailer Cook alharpDrdfer Knife, which at the place of Execution is to beheld upright by the Sergeant of the Larder, till Execution be performed by an Officer appointed thereto, r dc. After all , he (hall be imprifoned, during Life, and Fine and Ranfome at the Kings Will. In the Kings Court not onely (Inking is forbidden, but alfo a,l occafions of (trick¬ ing, and therefore the Law faith, Nullat Citations aut fummonitiones licet fa cere in¬ fra Palatium Regis apud Wejlm. vel alibi ubi Rex rejidet. The Court of the King of England,lot Magnificence, for Order , for Number and Quality of Officers, for rich Furni- ture. €Jje parent ©tate ture , for Entertainment and Civility to Strangers, to: plentiful Tables, - might compare with rh: bell: Court of, Chrijkn - and far e>c:i mod Courcs abroad} of one, whereo fee the Defcnption made by an ingenious Ibrfon beyond Sea, wri¬ ting to a Friend oi his at Court there, r.irn in infer ns/ cs ^/imi:s , qui es in t-Aula uhi Damnum habitant) eft , qui illic fuis artibus, (human* licet effigie) regnant, at- que uhi Scderum Scbola eft , S udninmum faBura ingens, ac quicquid ufptam efi perf.Jia ac Soli , quicquid crudelitatis ac inchmentia , quicquid ejfranata fuperbta & rapacis avari.ia , quicquid vbfeena U- iidir.i; ac fcedijjimee impudteitta , quicquid r.efania impictatis S morttm pejjimorum , ioium illic acirvatur cumulatijftmc ^ ubi ftupra , raptus, inceftus , adulteria j ubi in- elrian, jurare , pejerare , lAtheiJmum pro- f.Uri palam principum S nobsltusn ludi funt, ubi fa ft us S tumor , ira, Livor , fa- daque cupiao cum fociis fail imferare vide- ubi eviminum omnium procella , -virtu- iumeue omnium inenarrabile naujragium, kc .. 1 But the Court of England, on the con¬ trary, hath been (and is hoped ever will 1 e) accounted as King fames advifeth in his Eaftlicon Doron) a Pattern of Godli- r.efa and all Honefty and Vertue, the pro- pereft Schorl of Prev.-efs and Herotck De- meanor , and the fitteft ; lace of Education Tor the Dibility anti Gentry. The Court of England hath for a long time been a Pattern of Hfpitality and Charity to the of€ttglaitH» the Nobility and Gentry of EugtenA. All Noblemen , or Gentlemen, Subjedfs or Strangers that came accidentally to Court, were freely entertained at the plentiful Ta¬ bles of His Majefties Officers- Divers Ser¬ vices or Meffesof Meat were every day pro¬ vided extraordinary for the Kings Honor. Two hundred and forty Gallons of Beer a day were at the Buttery Bar allowed for the Poor, befides all the broken Meat, Bread, gathered into Baskets, and given to the Poor at the Court Gates by two Grooms, and two Yeomen of the Almon¬ ry , who have Sallaries of His Majefty for that Service. Moreover the Lord Almoner before men¬ tioned, hath the Priviledge to give the Kings Difh to whatfoever poor Man he plea- fes, that is, the firft Dilh at Dinner which is fet upon the Kings Table, or inftcad thereof, four pence fir diem, (which anti- ently was equivalent to four Shillings now) Next he diftributes to 14 poor Men, No¬ minated by the Paiilhioncrs of the Parilh adjacent to the Kings Place of Refidence, to each of them four pence in Money,a Two penny Loaf, and a Gallon of Beer, orin- itead thereof 3 d. in Money, equally to be divided between them every Morning at 7 of the Clock at the Court Gate, and every poor Man before he receives the Aimes is to repeat the Creed and the Lords Prayer , in the Prefence of on: of the Kings Chap¬ lains, Deputed by the Lord Almoner to be his Subalmoner, who a!fo is to fcatter n:w coyncd Two pences in the Towns and Pla- 2i8 €fje pjefent state ces where the King paiTes through in his Progrefs, to a certain l'um by the year. Be* fides there are many poor Penlioners to the King and Queen below Stairs, that is fuch as are put to Per.ilon , either becaufe they are fo ok!, that they are unfit for Ser¬ vice, orclferhe Widdowsof fuch of His Majeftie; Houihoid Servants that dyed poor and were not able to provide for their Wives and Children in their life times,eve- ry one or thefe ha'h a competency duly paid unto them. Laftly, there are dirtributed amongft the poor the large Offerings which the King gives in Collar dayes. The Magnificent and abundant plenty of the Kings Tables hath caufed amazement in Foreigners/ when they have beenin- formed that in the laft Kings Reign before the troubles, there were daily in his Court S 6 Tables well fnniifiied each Meal,where¬ of the Kings Table had =3 Dilhes, the Queens cay Four other Tables, 16 Dilhes each; Three other, io Dilhes each; Twelve other had 7 Dilhes each y Seventeen other Tables had each of them 5 Dilhes; Three other had 4 each; Thirty two other Tables h.-d each ; Dilhes, and Thirteen other had cadi 2 Diihes: In all about Five hundred Dilhes each Meal, with Bread, Beer, Wine, ar.d ail other things necdlary. Ail which was provided moft by the fevernl Purvey¬ ors, who by Commilfions legally and re- gu'ariy authorifed, did receive thofe Pro- vilions ar-a moderate price, fuch as had been tormcrly agreed upon inthefeveral Counties nf Cnglank 219 Counties of England , which price ( by reafbn-of the value ofMoney, much alter¬ ed) was become low, yet a very inconfnler- able burthen to the Kingdom in General, but thereby was greatly fupported the Dignity Royal in the eyes of Strangers as well as Subjefts. The Englilh Nobility an,d Gentry, according to the Kings ex¬ ample , were incited to keep a proportion¬ able Hofpitality in their feveral Country Manfions, the Husbandmen encouraged to breed Cattel, all Tradefmen to a chearful induftry, and there was then a free Circulation of Moneys through the whole Body of the Kingdom. There was fpent yearly in the Kings Houfe of grofs Meat 1500 Oxen, 7000 Sheep, 1200 Veals, 3 00 Porkers, 400 Sturks or young Beefs, 6800 Lambs, 300 Flitches of Ba¬ con , and 26 Boars: Alfo 140 dozen of Geefe , 250 dozen of Capons, 470 dozen of Hens, 750 dozen of pullets, 1470 dozen of Chicken, For Bread 36400 Bu- Ihels of wheat, and for Drink 600 Tun of Wine, and 1700Tun of Beer. More¬ over of Butter 46640 poundes, together with Filh and Fowl, Venifon, Fruit, Spice, proportionable. This prodigious plenty in the Kings Court, caufed For¬ eigners to put a higher value upon the King, and caufed the Natives who were there freely Wellcome ter increafe their af- feftion to the King, it being found as necef- fary for-the King of England this way to en¬ dear the Englilh, who ever delighted in Feafting5 as for the Italian Princes by L fights 220 €lje&efent 3 >tate fights and fnews to endear their Subje&s, who as much delight therein- Therefore, by fpecial Order of the Kings Houfe, fome of His Majefties fervants,Men of Quality, went daily to Wejlminftcr-Hall ., in Term time, between Eleven and Twelve of the Clock, to invite Gentlemen to eat of the Kings Acates or Viands, and in Par¬ liament time to invite the Parliament Men thereto. Moreover, the Court is an eminent Pat. tan of Charity and Humility to all that ftiall fee the performance of that antient Cuftom by the King and the Queen,on the Thursday before Eafter , called Maundy Tcurtiay, fo called from the French Mand: t in Latins Sportula , when the King or his Lord Almoner Hrft walheth the Feet of as many poor Men, as are the years His Ma* jefty hath Raigned , and then Wipes them with a Towel (according to the pattern left by our Saviour) and then gives to every one of them, two yards and a half of Wol- ien Cloth to make aSute of Cloaths, alfo hitmen Cloth for two Shirts, and a pair of Stockings, and a pair of Shooes, three Diihes of Fifh in Wooden Platters, one of Sait Salmon, a fecond of Greenfifti, or Cod, a third of Pickle Herrings,Red-Her- ring--, and Red-Sprats, a Gallon of Beer, * quart Bottle of Wine , and four Six- pe-uy Loaves of Bread , alfo a Red Lea- ■ mer Purfe, with a, many fugle Pence, as :ue King is years old , and in fuch another Purfe of CitsiattO* Purfe as many Shillings, as the King hath Raigned years. The Queen Confort alfo doth the like to divers poor Women, Finally the Court of England my for Government and exaft Accounts, be a Pat¬ tern to all the Courts of the World- The Form of Government is by the Wif- dom of many Ages, fo Contrived and Re¬ gulated , that it feems to fuch as ferioufly confider it, almuft impoffible to mend it t if the preferibed Rules of Government be duly and impartially executed. The Ac¬ count (which is of many Natures, and Is therefore very difficult, muft pafs through many hands, and is therefore very exaft) is fo wifely Contrived and Methodifed that without the Combination of every one of thefe following Officers, viz- the Cofferer, a Clerk of the Green Cloth, a Clerk Comp- trokr, a Clerk of the Kitchin, of the Spice- ry or Avery,or a particular Clerk, together with the Conjunftion of a Purveyor and Wayter in the Office, it is impofflble to defraud the King of aLoafof .Bread, afa pint of Wine , a quart of Beer, or joynt of Meat, or of Money, or any thing elfe. 221 CHAP. C&e parent 8>t ate chap. xrv. of the Queens Contorts Court , T He Qieens Court, futable to the Con- fort of fo great a King, is Splendid and Magnificent. Her Majefty hath all Officers and a Houihold apart from the King; for the maintenance whereof there is fctlcd 40000/. for annum. For the Ecclefiaftiquc Government of her Court,there is firft the Grand t Almoner , Lord Philip Howard, Brother to the Duke of Norfolk. He hath the fuperintendency over all the Ecclefiailiques belonging to the Queen. Father Ldntonio Fernandez is her Maje- flies Confelfor. Bilhop Aujfd Almoner. Father Patrick Almoner- Father-P jkJ de Almeida Almon. Father Manod Pereira Aim. Doftor Ihomas Godkn Treafurer of the Chappel. 2 Other Preachers Portuguez , Father M after Chrifiopher dd Rofario a Domini¬ can; and Father ^Antonio a Francifcan. 4 Clerks of the Chappel, and 4 Boyes added. ■6 Englifh Fathers Benedidfins, Chaplains 11 Francifcan Friers, Chaplains. Divers of ettjtfftnfc Divers Perfons belonging totheMufick of the Chappel; to ferve at the Altars, two Porters, -&e. For the Civil Government of Her Male- flies Court, there is a Council confifting of Perfons of great worth and disnitv- Earl of Chsjlerfieli. Lord Hoiks Steward of the Revenue, lord Vicount BrounHa■ Chancellor, and Keeper of Her Majefties Great Seal. Lord Vicouut Cornbury Chamberlain. Lord Raltamurc. Sir jolm Duncomb. Ralph Montagus Efquire, Mailer of the Horfe. George Montague Efquire. Sir William ftillegrevi knight , Vice chain* berlain. Sir Hemage Finch. Sir Richard Sellings Principal Secretary, and Mailer of Requefe. John Harvey Efquire , Treafurer and Re¬ ceiver General. William Montagus Efquire, Attcrny General. Sir Robert Long Knight and Baronet. Sir Charles Harbert, Sir William Jones, Sollicitor General. Sir John eJrundel Knight. John Hall Efquire, Surveyor General. Henry Slingsby y Efq; Gentlemen VJbers of the Privy Chamber. Sir Hugh Chohnky Baronet. George Porter Junior, Efq; L 3 tJlixiHiJci 223 22 4 Cl)® Refcnt State Jttexenier Stanope j£fq» Francis Roper Efq/ jobn ftiiiEfqi Cup-Bearers. Sir Nicholas Slatting Kt. of the Barb. Henry Guy Efq> Carvers. Sir Gabriel ie Syhiis Knight- Sir j'of'/* EIvies Knight- Seviers- Sir Charles Vfyndhm Knight- Jobn GriffilhEfqi Five Gentlemen Ulhers daily Waiterj. Ten Grooms of the Privy-Chamber. Seven Gentlemen Ulhers, (Juarter-wai- ters- Apothecary, Chirurgeon. Sijc pages of the Bed-Chamber attending *1 the Back-ftairs. Four Pages of the Prefencc. Officers belonging to the Robes. A Surveyor , Proveditor, Clerk, Yeo¬ man, Groom, Page, Taylor, andBrulh- * Twelve ofCitgfonto 225 Twelve Grooms of the Great Cham¬ ber. One Porter of the Back-ftairs. A Mailer of the Queens Barge, and 24 Watermen. Groom of t'ne Stoic, Lady of the Robes and of the Privy-purfe, is the Countefs of Suffolk. ■ Seven other Ladies of the Bed-Cham¬ ber, viz- Dutchefs of Buckingham, Dutch- efs Dowager of Richmond , CotHitefsof Bath , Countefs of Falmouth , Lady Mar- pal, &c. Mrs. Charlotte Rj-Ucgrew keeper of the Sweet Coffers. Six Maids of Honour. Thefe are to be all Gentlewomen un¬ married, over whom is placed a Govemefs called the Mother of the Maids ,• who is the Lady Sanderfon- There are alfo 6 Chambriers or Dif¬ fers. Lady Scroop, who is alfo Madam Nurfe. Lady Xillcgrcv) , Lady Frafer , Mrs. Thornhill , and Lady Clinton , Henrietta Def- horde , Henrietta Orby , and Lelis Cranmar. A Laundrefs, a Semftrefs, a Starcher,. a Neceffary Woman. Thefe are all paid by her Majefty, out of her own Revenue. L 4 There 226 CSe parent ©tate There are befldes divers Officers below flairs, and belonging to her Majefties Ta¬ ble and liable paid by the King, for which there is allowed Twenty thoufand pounds •more. CHAP, XV. Of the Queen Mothers Court* T He higheft Office m Her Majefties Court,was that of Lord Chamberlain and Steward of her Majefties Revenue, lately enjoyed by Hinry Lord Germain ^ Earl of S. ’^Albans, whofe Salary was and a Table of Difties. Monfieur Vantelet Vice-Chamberlai*, whofe Salary was aoo l.per annum. The third place was her Majefties Chan- cellour , eirjoyed by Sir J. Winter , Sir Henry Wood , and Sir Robert Long ; whofe Salary was and a Table of Diihes. The next was the Lord ^Arundel of War¬ der, and Count of the Empire, Matter of the Horfe, whofe Salary was Then her Majefties Secretary Si; JohH Winter. The Treafurer, Receiver General of her Majefties Revenues, Sir Henry Wood. Sir Thomas Bond , Comptroller of the Boufftoldj whofe Salary was Sir ibomas Orkj&n& divers other Officers af the Robes. Four Four Gentlemen Ufliers of the Privy* Chambers, to each of which was 1 30/. Sa* lary per annum , and Diet. Two Cup-Bearers, two Carvers, two Sewers, two Gentlemen Ufters of the Pre¬ fence Chamber, Salary to each 120 /. and Diet all thefe at a Table together. Four Grooms of the Privy-Chamber, Salary Sol. and Diet. . Four Gentlemen lifters Quarter Wai*' ters, Salary 60 /. andDict. Four Pages of the Prefencc. Eight Grooms of the Great Chamber. For Guarding her Majefliet P erf on , fhe had firft a Captain of her Guard Jf the Earl of St. lAlhans. A Lieutenant, Monfienr ie Ja Cba• felle. An Exempt of the Guards, Monfieur Fremon. 24 Gentlemen Soldiers in black Velvet CafTocks, and Golden embroidered Badges,, marching or waiting about the Perfon ^o£ Her Majefty (when in Sedan, or at Chap- pel or Table, or Coach with two Horfes} on foot with Halberts ,• and when in Coach and fix Horfes, on Horfeback with Cara* bins 5 in all places within doors as with¬ out, covered. For to take care of her Majefliet Health There was one Phyiitian and one Apothe¬ cary. efferent state For to teait on her Majefly in her Bet}* Chamber, There were firft the Ladies of the Ecd'Chamber; thtchief whereofwas, The Dutchefs Dowager of Richmond Si¬ fter to the prefent Duke of Buckingham , who was Groom of the Stole. And the Countefs of Newport Lady of the Chamber. Of tk Frhy-Cbamber, there were Four Ladies all Englilh , Fee 150 J. each one : they barely were the Lady Price , the Lady Bond, 8cc. Women of the Bed-Chimber 8 or 9, partly French, and partly Englilh. In the LsunJry the Lady Sanderfot% was the chief Laundrefs. 1 Semdrefs. 1 Starcher. In tie Stable , the Chief guerry or Efi cuyerms Sir Edvtard Wiagfcld. • The many Officers in the Euttry,Cellar,; Pantry , Ewry, C $c. fliall be for brevity palled over. Her Majefty. had alfo four Coaches with 6 Horfes each, alfo 14 Footmen, a’ Barge with 12 Men in Liveries r Moreover Pa- es of the Back-Stairs four, fJ’c, In the Chap pel. There was ffrft the Lord Almoner Ab¬ bot Montague, 800/. per annum. Father Lamfart Confeffor to her Maje- fty, a Frenchman, 300 1 . per annum.' . Father Gough Prieft of the Oratory , Clerk of her Majefties private Chapped, and Afliftant to the Confeffor an Englifh- ffian, 200.1 . per annum. A Lay Brother of the Oratory, 40 1, Befides thefe, there was adjoyning to the Chappela Convent of Capuchins, where¬ in was a Father Guardian, (even other Priefts, and'two Lay-Brothers all French, whofe Office was to perform the Office of the Chappel daily, alfo to Preach on Sun* dayes and Holy-dayes; and in Lent three dayes every week ,• for the maintenance of thefe, her Majefty allowed joo /. pit Her Majefties Revenue was for her Joyntufe 30000 1. yearly, and of-His Ma* jeftya Penfion of 30000 1 . more out of the Exchequer. Divers other Offices belonging to her Majefties Court,as Mafter-oCBuck-Hounds,, and Bows and Mu lick. Matter of the Qijeen&Games. CHAp- 2jo €&e $eTent©tate CHAP. XVI. Of the Dufa tf York’/ Court. G Entleman of the Bed-Chamber and Groom of the Stole, the Earl of Pe¬ terborough 400 l. Gentleman of the Bed.Chamber, the Lord Hawley. 266 1. 13 s. 4 d. Treafurer of the Houlhold, Sir uAlan v&j’lbt his Fee 400 Marks or 2 66 1.131. ComptroIer,Sir Jonathan Trelawny 266 /. 13 ti 4 4 . Secretary, Sir John Woerden Baronet,. 500 l. Keeper of the Privy-Purfc , Marquis Sc Blanquefort, 100 /. Mafterof the Robes, Edward Villicrs Eiquire, 266 £.1 3 s. 4 d. Grooms of the Bed-Chamfor. Robert Worden ,-. "Ihomat Lbynn, ) Gtoggo Leggy sEfquir es,cach 2 00 7 . Edward GvffinS Biehard lalboty f Be- Belonging to hit Rtjal Highntfet Chppel. Almoner, Doftor Henry Hjllcgrcw, Five Chaplains. L50 /.Wages, and 50?. r Board Wages. Dr. William Clark , Dr. William tbomas, ( Dr. Richard Watfon , 1 •r. turner, I Dr. Doughty , ) Chaplain to Ms Royal Highnefs as Lord High Admiral, Mi.Woodriffe. Saeriftan, 40 1. Keeper of the Clofet, 40 1 . Gentleman Ulher , 80 i. and 80 l. board- Wages. Four Gentlemen Waiters, each 40 1 and Col.board Wages. Yeoman of the Robes,. M*. Laments da Fuy,6ol. Brulher 401. Yeoman of the Wardrobe, Phillip /&&»«•- Two Barbers, each So I. Four Pages of the Back-ftairs, each- 'So I. One Groom of the Privy^Chamber 30 l. and 3 o I. Board Wages • One Groom of the Prefence the like. AFire-maker in the Prefence, 20 h One *32 wpjefcatstate One Phyfitian, Sir Charles Scarborough , seo /. .... One Ghyrurgeon, 120/. One Apothecary. A Secretary of the Languages, i oo l. A Gentleman Harbinger, 50 h befidc* Riding-Charges, 8 s. 4 d. per diem. Scmftrefs and Laundrefs tothcBody, Mr;, duPuy, 25c /. Laundrefs to the Table, Mrs. Katherine k/ftfeinfon, 150/. Yeoman of the Wine-Cellar, Mr. Jeuks 50 /. Yeoman of the Beer-Cellar, Ms. Pierce 40 L Yeoman of the Poultrey and Larder/ 30 l Yeoman of the Wood-yard and Sculle¬ ry, 30/. Of the Pantry and Ewry, 30 /. Porter 50 l. Keeper of the Armory, 50 1 Trumpeter,-30 Necdfary Woman, 40 /. Bottleman, 10. QneClerk to the Commiflioners, 50 7 . Door Keeper to the Commiffioners,-5o Clerk of the Kitchin 50 /. and 5 2 1: board wages. Matter Cook , .40 h and 30 /. board wa» ges. Second Cook, 30 l , Three Turn-broaches, each 1 8 l. is. One Scourer, 18 /. 5 s. Pan-keeper, 97. a. /. 6 d. Porter- of €n$aia 43T- Portcv' of the Kitchin, 20 h Cole-Carrier- Porter at Whitehall, 18 5 r. Gardiner, 40 /. Officers of hit Highneffes Revenue ; Receiver General of the Revenue, Sir kAlan\Apftcy. Attorney-Genera^ Sir Efotarilhwhtti, 40 l- Sollicitor-General, Sir FrancisGoodtick, 4 °;. Sollicitor, Charles Porter Efquire, 40 l. Auditor-General ,Thomat Halier Efquire, J80 /. Aififtant to the Auditor, Mr. Broad. Mcifengerto the Revenne , Mr. Dutton , p h 1 8 s. 4 d. Officers of the ^Admiralty. Sir Walter Walker: Dr. David Budd: Mailer of the Buck-hounds, Mr. Wal~ fingham,<,oo l. Three Huntfmen of the Buck-hounds, 100 1. together. Fox-hounds Huntfmen . Serjeant of the Fox-hounds, 270/. ’ 1'ho. Jones , 60 l. ' WiU-Farrian , jot. Two Foot-Huntfmen each, 30/.' Tofchcr Teacher of the Setting Dogs,30 7 . Matter efthe Barges, 50 7 . Twenty four Watermen. Pcnfioners. Officers and Servants in his Eighnejfer Stable. Henry Jermin Efquire , tyaftcr of the Horfc, 266 l. 1 3 r. 4 d. Two Efeuries , each 100 1 . Clerk of the Stables, So 7 . Surveyor of the Stable, 40 7 . , Yeoman Rider, 80 1 . Three Pages of Hononr, each 100 1 and each 50 7 . Board-wages. Fourteen Footmen, each 39 L Fourteen Grooms, each 32 7 . ior. Three Coachmen , each 78 1 . for them- felves, 3 Poftillions, and three Helpers,to- gether with Linnen, Stockings and Live¬ ries twice a year. Two Sumpter-men, each 2 6 h Three Muleteers, each 26 1. Porter of the Stables, 3 2 /. 10 r. Officers and Servants belonging to Her Rojal Highnefs theDutchefs o/York, Intel] deceafed. G Room of the Stole , Countefs of Ro - cbejler, 400 1 . Lady of the Bed-Chamber, Counted of ?eterboreugb y 2 QQ 1. af ettglank 23J Four Maids of Honour. Mrs utiralel ChurclriI y .so l. Mrs Dorothy Howard , sol: Mrs Ljdnne Ogle, 20 /. Mrs Mary Blague, so l. Mother of the Maids, Mrs. Lucy Vfifc, Four Bed-Chamher-Wumcn. Mrs Catherine Elliot , 200 I. ■ Mrs Margaret Dawfon ,1.5.0 /. Mrs LelU Cranmer, 15*1. Lady uipfey, 150 l. Starcher, Mrs Mary Roche, 50 7 . • Semftrcfs, Mrs EUen Green, 5.0 l. Laundrefs, Mrs Mary Cowdre , $0 7 . Lace-Mender. Secretary to Hir Highnefs, Sir Philip Fraud, tool. 4 Two Gentlemen Ufhers, each 80 7 . Four Gentlemen-waiters, Four Pages of the Back-llairs, each 4© 7 . Mailer Cook, 40 7 . Necelfary Woman, 40 7 . Eighteen Watermen, each * 7 . Mailer of the Horfe to the Dutchcfs} was Sir Richard Pozuel, 266 l 13 s. 4 d. Two Efcuyries, each 1 00 7 . Eight Footmen, each 39 7. Four Coachmen , each 78 7 . for them- felves, Polttllions, and Helpers. Fi«e 236 f£ije p^Geitt ©tate Five Grooms, each 3 2 /. i o /. Two Chairmen, each 39 *• Officers send Servants to the Duke of Cambridge, lately deceafed- G Dv-rn-fs , Lady Franck V,U:ers , 4CO J. Under-Governefs, Miftrefs Miry S.ilvert i 150 f. Wet Nurfe, 80 I. Dry Nurfe, 80 /. Tutor of the French Tongue, Monficur Lefne , 100/. Three Rockers, each 70 1. Laundrefs to the Body, 60 /. Semftrefs. Laundrefs to the Table. Page of the Back-ftair?, 601, Neceflary Woman, 40 l. Cook 38 /. 5 s. Mufitian 31 l e,s. Four Footmen. One Groom. One Coachman, Poftillion, and Helper, Officers o i Cngftmtt 2*7 ($$ters ecnt Servants belonging to her Highnefs the Lady Mary. ^“^Overnefs, Lady Fr. ViUiers, 4 00 L VJ Under-Governefs, Mrs. Margaret tlifocrty 150 l. C Mrs. 1 Anne Vfalfingham, 80 1 . Preflers ^^rs. J^angford T Ho l. French Tutor, Monfteur Lam, i?o l. Dancing Matter, Monfteur Gobory, 150/. Singing Matter, Monfteur Robart) 100 l. Rocker, Mrs. Jane Lee, 70 1. Laundrefs to the Body, Mrs. Eli.Brookes, tool. Laundrefs to the Table, Jane Rohfon. Page of the Back-flairs,Mr .Edw.Lee,60 J. Mufitian, Mr. Tho. Greeton , 31 4 '- Cook , James Nicholls, 38 /. $ /. Sempftrefs, Mrs. Dor. Ireland,! o /• Nece.Tary Woman, Mary Ramn y 40 f. Equerie, Monfteur Balijie, 100 /. Coachman, Poftilion, and Helper. 78 l- Officers and Servants belonging to her Highnefs the Lady Amic. D Reffer, Mrs. Martha Farthing, 80 L f Mrs. Ellin Buft , 70 l. KockersS Mrs- Elizabeth Walmefiy, 70 /. (Mrs- Cecilia Jones , 70 1 . Page of the Backftairs, Mr. Hen.Langton, 601. Neceffary Woman, Dorothy Kjdgtmy- 25 8 djeweRnt State CHAP. XVII. Of the Three States of England , and firfi of the Clergy , and therein of their Dignity , Name , Degrees, &c. c ; £r i>‘ A EL the Sub] efts of England *re diri- th:r ,/jL dcd into Clergy and Laity : The La- Dignity. tty fubdivided into Nobility and Commonal¬ ty . Thefe are called Or dines Regal , or the Three States , and firft of the Cler¬ gy- As Hsa-sn is more honorable than Earthy the Soul rhan the Body ; fo is the Spiritual EunBion more excellent than the Civil , and the Sacerdotal Dignity higher than the Secular : And therefore in England the Clergy , Catsris paribus 5 hath ever had (according to the praftice of all other Ci¬ vilized Nations fincc the World began)the preference and precedence of the Laity , and hath in all times been reputed the firft of the Three States. Names. The Clergy fo called , becaufe they are Gods Kcriip®- or Portion; for although all Chriftians may be ftiled Gods Portion s as well as Gods Servants 9 yet amongft Chri¬ stians thofe Perfons whom God hath fet apart 5 and feparated from common ufe Of Cltslattfc 2 30 to his Service, to be as it were his Do- meftick Servants, are more peculiarly the Loris Portion : And therefore from the firft Age of Chriftianity , the Perfons fo fet apart , have been called Cicrici , Clerks. As in the State , fo in the Church , the Degrees. Laws and Conftitutions of England, would not that there fhould be a parity and equa¬ lity of all perfons. Huifpe in Ecclefia nihil tnagU inaquale quant a qua] tt as. And there¬ fore in conformity to the fijrft Limes and Places of Efiablijhei Chriftianity , fo foon as the Cbrijlian Faith was by Authority received in England , one of the Clergy was in eyery City ordained a Bi/hop ; who Bifhop. hath ( to avoid Confufton which ufualiy fprings from cqualityja pre-eminence over the reft of the Clergy within certain Pre- cinfts. Afterwards the Bifhops being neceflitated to meet about Publick Affairs of the Church , as Consecrations ^ Confutations , ■for remedy of general diforders , for <-Au- diences Judicial , when the aftions of any iBilhop fhould be called in queftion; or ^Appeals from Bifhops , It feemed re¬ quisite to our lAncejlors ( according to other Chri/lian Churches (ever fince the fir ft Nicene Council ) to have amongft a cer¬ tain number of Bifhops , one to be chief- eft in Authority over the reft j from thence named lArchiepifcoptu , Arch or Chief ^Jrchbi- Blftlop. fhop. For 240 €f)ep*efcM®tate For eafing the Eilhop of fome part of bis burthen, as the number of Chriftians wasted great , or the Diocefs was large , there were ordained in the Primitive limes , Suffra- Chorepifcop:,- Suffragan , or Subjidiary Bi- gsn Ei- fh'jps. ' Accordingly in the Englijh Church jJrnps, of a long timetherc have been fuch ordained by the name of Bifhops Suffragans or Titular Bifihops ; who have the Name, Title, Stile, and Dignity of Bilhops , and ( as other Bifhops) arc confecrated by the tArcbbifhop of the Province ; each one to execute fuch Power, Jurifdiftion, and Authority, and re¬ ceive fuch Profits as are limited in his Com- nsifTion by the Bifhop or Diocefan, whofe Suffragan he is. Suffragan Bi/hops by an JIB. of Parlia¬ ment of Henry the Eighth (fill in force, are to be onely of thefe Towns following. The Suffragan Bifhop for the Diocefs of Canterbury muft be at Dover onely, for York at Nottingham and Bull , for London at Col eh efiler , for Durham at Berwick , for Wincbefier at Guilford , Southampton , and the Ifle of Wight , for Lincoln at Bedford, Leicefier , Grantham , and Huntington , for Norwich , at Thetford and Ipfwicb , for Salisbury at Sbafttlury , Melton , and Maryborough , for Bathe and Wells at Taunton , for Hereford, Bridge north , fur Coventry and Lichfield, at Shrewsbury , for Ely at Cambridge , for Exeter at S. Gcr - otains , for Carlifle at Perith ■ Thefe onely to be the Sees of Bijhops Suffragans , and no more Suffragans allowed , thenfo miny ecwiatiB. 241 to each Diocefs, as above-mentond. In Publick Alfemblics they were to take place next after the Temporal Peers of the Realm. In the abfence of the Bilhops, employed oft upon Embaffies abroad } or reiiding at Court to advife the King, thefe did ufually fupply their places. A Suffragan Bijhop is made , in cafe the ^Archbijhty orfome other Bifhop , for the better Government of his Diocefs, defirc the fame ; and in fuch cafe , the Bifhop is to prefent two able men for any one place afore-named , whereof His Majefty chufcth For a fupply of able and fit perfons to alTtlf Bilhops, or to be made Bilhops, it feemed.good to Reverend Antiquity, that in every Diocefs a certain number of the more prudent and pious Pallors (hould be placed in a Collegiate manner , at every Cathedral or Epifcopal See ; where they might not onely be ready to aflift the Bifhop in.certain weighty cafes ; but alfo fit them- felves by gaining experience and loling hy little and little their former familiarity with the inferiour Countrey Clergy ) for Government andAuthority in the Church. Accordingly in every Cathedral Church in England , there are a certain number of Frebendaries or Canons , and over them a Dm», in Latin eDecanui, from J't.y, i be- Dean. c.iufe antictitly fet over Ten Canons at the lead; who is fome times (tiled Alter Epif- copi 0cuius , the other being the uirchdea - •Arch- con , who (though a Fresbyter hiinfelf) deacon. is fo named for his charge over the Dea - 242 parent State cm , who are to be guided and directed by him under the Bishop. Next is the Rural Dean Jo called, becanfe he had ufually charge over Ten Country Parfons. He was antiently called i Archie Prerfyfer, becaufe he had the guidance and direction of other Presbyters. In the laft place are the Pafiors of every Pariih, who are called Reftors, unlefsthe Predial Tithes be impropriated , and then they are called Vicars, ^ uaji vice fungentes RtBorum. In Er.glani are Two lArckhifbops , T wo and twenty Bijhops, no Suffragan Eijhops at prefent,T wenty fix Deans of Cathedrals and Collegiate Churches , Sixty ^Archdeacons , Five hundred forty and four Prebendaries 5 many Rural Deans , and about Nine thou- fand feven hundred Rcftors and Vicars , be- fsdes Curates , who for certain Stipends alfift inch ReBors and Vicars that have the care of more Churches than one. Thefe (if it be confidered of what great beaming and Abilities they are ; what great Authority and Sway they ufually bear over the Laity, to incline, lead, and draw them5 what great Privilcdges and Immunities they do or ought to enjoy, ond how much means they po(fefs) may well be reputed the firft Member of the Three States of Eng. It hath been provided, not without fmgu- ir wifdom , that as the ordinary courfe of ommon atfdirs is difpofed of by general .aw; ; to imewife mens rarer incident Nc. ceifities of €nn;!anti. f ceffities and Utilities fhould be withfpecial : equity confidercd. Hence is it that fo ma¬ ny Priviledgesj Immunities , Exemptions^ and Difpenfations , have been to the Clergy of England , granted in all times. Our Wln- wftors thinking it very reafonabie, that as Soldiers were wont by the Roman Emperors t to be endowed with certain Priviledges for their warding and fighting to preferve the State from External Enemies , fo the Clergy ought to have certain Immunities and Prmidges for their Watching and Spi. ritual Warfare to preferve the State from Internal Enemies , the World , the Plejh y and the Devil. Z)t ferventur immunts Cle- rtci , quo Cajlris fuis fedulo commorantes , vigiles excubias ducentes fummo coeli Impera- tori illafos papules reprxfsntent , Legtbus effeftum efi , tit quam plurtma iis Prmlegia conceffa fint , turn ad cm-tnn perfonas , turn bona acresfpcUantia. ■ Of Priviledges , fame belong to tArcb- bijbops , fome to Bijhops, as they are fo, and fome belong to them and to the inferior Clergy, as they are Eccleftajlicks or Church - Before the coming of the Saxons into a, England, the Cbrijhan Britains had three Archhdhops, Of London, ami ^ * * Cairleon , an antient great City ot South - Wales upon the River Vske (as aforementi¬ oned.,) Afterward the Wlrchiepifcopal See of London , was by the Saxons placed at Canterbury , for the fake of S. eJufiin the Monk , who firft preached the Gofpel there M to v 244 €1 Went State to the Heathen Saxsw, and was there bu¬ ried. The other of Caerkon was tranflated to S. Dat ids in Pembrokejhire, and after¬ ward fubjeftcd wholly to the See of Can¬ terbury ; fince whic~, all England and Wales reckon but two tArchbifik p>, Canterbu- Canter- The Archbilhop of Canterbury antient- lity. Iy had Primacy , as well over all Ireland as England , and the Irifli Bilhops received their Confecrations from him ; for Ireland had nc other Archbilhop until the year One thoufand one hundred fifty and two ; and therefore in the time of theTwofirft Kerman Rings , it was declared , That Canterbury was the Metropolitan Church of England , Scotland , and Ireland , and the Ifles adjacent. He was therefore fomc- times filled a Patriarch (and Patriarchs was a Chief Bifhop over fcveral Kingdoms or Provinces (as an Archbilhop is of fe¬ deral Dioceffes) and had feveral Arch- bilhops under him 5 was fometimes called tAiteriiis Orbit Papa 2 ? Orbit Britannici Fon¬ ts f ex ; and matters done and recorded in -Ecciehaftical Affairs ran thus, ^Anno Pontificalia Kefirs primo , feettndo , iSc. He was Lcgatus Katut, that is, a perpetual Legantine Fewer was annext to that iArch- bijhoprick near One thoufand years ago; whereby no other Legat , Pyuncui, or Jim- bajjadour from the Bilhopof Rome 0 could heretxercife any Legantinc Power without fpccial Licence from the King. He was fo highly refpefted abroad , that in General Councils of (England 245 Councils he was placed before all Other Archbilhops, at the Popes right Foot. He was at home fo highly honored by the Kang of England , (that according to the pra- ftiee of Gods own People the Jews, where tate rotts,they had in all times place in the Great Council of the Kingdom : and there ever placed on the Kings right hand , not only to give their Advice as the Judges do, but ad traBandum , urditiandum , fiatuendum , def.niendum , 8cc. They have their Title cf Lords and Right Reverend Fathers- All Bifhops in England have one or two tranfeendent Priviledge!, which feem almoft Regal j as, In their own Court , to Judge and pafs Sentence alone by them- felve;, without any Colleague or Jdjjejjor $ which is not done in other of the Kings Courts for the BiihopsCourts (though held by the Kings Authority Virtute Magi - pratusfui) are not accounted to be proper- 1 ) the Kings Courts, and therefore the Bi- ihops fend forth Writs in their own Names, lefts the Bifhop , and not in the Kings ■Name as all the Kings Courts properly fo called do. Moreover Bifhops have this other tran¬ feendent Priviledge , to depute their Au¬ thority to another (as the King doth) ei¬ ther to their Bijhops Suffragans , to their Chancellors , to their Commiffaries or other Officers, which none of the Kings Judges may do. AH Bifhops have one Priviledge above and beyond all Lay Lords, viz- That in whatfoever Chriftian Princes Dominions ■ they come , their Epif.oj.al Dignity and Degree is acknowledged 5 and they may, quatenus Bijkeps confer Orders , CSV. where, a? no LzyBaron , Fifaunt, Marquis , nor Duke , is in Law acknowledged fitch , out of ofCngla®. 4J i of the Dominions of the Prince who con- ferred thofe Honours. The Laws and Cuftoms of England are fo tender of the Honour, Credit, Repu¬ tation and PerfonofBifhops, our Spiritu¬ al Fathers, that none might (without fpe* cial Licence from the King firlt obtained) be endifted of any Crime before any Tem¬ poral Judge, Upon feverc penalty by our Laws no man may raife Reports, whereby Scandal may arife to the perfon of any Bifltop , or Debate and Difcord between them and the Commons of England. In Civil Trials, where a Bilhop is Plain¬ tiff or Defendant, the Bilhop may as well as any Lay Lord, challenge the udrray, if one Hnight at leaft be not returned of the Jury , and it (hall be allowed unto him as a Privi- ledge due to his Peerage. In Criminal Trials for life , all Bifhops by Magna Charta and St at. 25 Edvs- ?■ arc to be tried by their Peers, who are Barons, and none under 5 notwithftanding the late conceit of fome Lawyers, that becaafe Bi¬ fhops may not be on the Criminal trial of a Peer, therefore are not to be tried by Peers 5 for fo neither may Bilhop-. b: tried by a Common jury , became they may not be on the trial 0: fitch men. Moreover, Noble Women may not be on the Trial of Peers, and yet they ate 10 he tried by Peers of the Realm. Ai.d there is no Legal Precedent in England cf a Bifltop remaining a Bifltop , that ever was tried for his life, bur by Peers of the Realm. 254 €M?efeitt@tate Antiently indeed Bifhops were fo exempt¬ ed , as not at all to be tried by temporal Judges; till after deprivation and degeadati* on and then being thereby rendred no Peers, but common Perfons, they might be tried by Common Juries. Since the Reformation , the tnghJH Proteflant Bifhops have been fo conftantly Loyal and true to the Crown (to the envy of Non-Conformijh ) and fo free from all Capital Crimes, that there is yet no Pre¬ cedent in England for their manner of Trval for Life: As for that common Af¬ fection , Ikat no Lords of Parliament are lo' ie tryed by their Peers, b ? f u ‘ h <“ f * there Ratione Nobilitaus, and that all La - Lords have place in Parliament for ■ Clje parent ©tate violating any Rights, Privilcdges, or Franchifcs of the Church or Churchmen wit: lit the Liberties of the People (though very little violated) have been exafted , even to Sedition and Rebellion. To the end that men of the bell rank ar.d abilities, Should in all times be encou- ( rased to embrace the mod painful and fe- vere Proreftion of a Clergyman , and that tie people fho'ild the more willingly be Girded and Conducted by them, Our mod Chriftian Anceftors, according to the Pattern of Gods. Antient People the Jews , and of all other Chriftian Com¬ mon-Wealths, judged it expedient to al¬ lot large Revenues, and a moft plentiful Maintenance to the Englifh Clergy, ha¬ ving obferved with Solomon , that a Wife Man for his poverty is too oft contemned and defpifed , and that there is nothing more contemptible and ridiculous, than a poor Clergyman. The firft Kings of England had all the Lands cAEngland in Demclne. Thefecond foie Monarch among!! the Saxon Kings Lu-eheolpku^ by the advice of his Nobles, gave for ever to God and the Church both theTythe of all Goods, and the Tenth part of all the Lands of England , free from all feenlnr Service, Taxations, or Impcntions v.hatfoever; the Charter of Donation is to be feen in Ir.gulpkus and other Authors 5 which Charter thus ends, etDy augcre lolurxt ivtiutw dunafionem (as of ettgiaifli. (as many pious Kings and Nobles fincc hare done) rngutt Omnipotent Detts dies ejus profperos, fi quit vera mutare vsl minuc- ye prajumpferit, nofcat fs ad tribunal Chri- fii rationem reddittimm. Befides the Tenth of Lands and the Huf- bandmans profits, Merchants alfo and Shop-keepers paid to their Spiritual Pa* dors the Tenth of their Gain, Servants in divers places the tenth of their Wages, (as Soldiers in the Kings Annies do now a part of their pay) and in fornc places fellers the tenth Flagon. Alfo Handicrafts¬ men and Day-Labourers paid the Tenth of their Wages upon their Oaths, if required. Per nitil inconfulto Sacerdote vel Epifcopo ageretur. And this Union of Civil and Ecclefiaftical Perfons , Authority, and Courts of Judicature, did continue, as Sel - den L. 2. de Symdriis makes apparent above four thoufand years amongft Gods own People , till Pope Nicolas the Firft, about the Eighth Century, to exclude the Emperor from medling in the Ecclefiaftical Govern* of Cngfcmk 271 Government, began to exclude the Clergy for medling with the Civil , Vide Grit. Dijlinc. C. Cum adverum, Anditiscer- tain thatfoM or 500 years, during the Raign of our Saxon Kings in England , our Ecclefiafticnl and fecular Magiftrates fate lovingly together , with all Sweetnefs ar.d Candor , determining in the Morning Ec* clefiaftical Affairs, and Civil in the Af¬ ternoon, whereby it came to pafs, that the Subjeft had no caufe to complain of Prohibitions ilfuing out of one Court of Judicature to obftrudt the Jufiice of ano¬ ther, to the great coif, and fometimes ruine of the poor Client, as hath been done ever fince William the Conqueror made that unhappy Divifion in this Church and- State, But to return to our Bilhops,upon whom- the Weal of this Kingdom, and fervice of - the King fo much depended, and their prefence for that end fo oft required at Londm , that it was judged expedient that every Bifhoprick fhould have a Palace or Houfe belonging to it in or about Lundon ; and it is known at this day where flood the Houfes of every one, exccptthatof St. i^dfaph ,which alfo might probably have had one, but more obfcurc then fome other j that Bifhoprick having been, as ftill, very mean. Great was the Authority of the Clergy inthofedays, and their Memory Ihou Id be precious in thefe days, if we confider that they were the Authors of fo great .Benefits N 4- and 274 W ©tate ?.nd advantages to this Kingdom, that there are few things of. any importance for promoting of the welfare of this Church and State, wherein the Bilhops and Prelates under God, have not been the Principal Jnpuments. The Excellent Laws made by King Ina, King ^dthelftan , King Ed¬ mund , and St. Edvard the Conteffor,froin whom we have our Common-Lams, and our Prhihdges , mentioned in Magna Cbarta , were all made by the perfwafions and ad¬ vice of <_Jrch-biJh]ps and Bifbofs, named in our Hijlyi tcs. The Vnion of the Two Houfes of Tori: and Lav.after (whereby a long and Bloody War was ended) was by the in nr wife Advice and Counsel of Bifhop Moran , then a Privy Councellor. The Z\hn of England and Scotland , that in- expreffible advantage to both Nations, was brought to pafs by the long forefight of Reverend Bifhop Eos a Privy-Counfellor, in advifing Henry the Seventh to Match his Eideff Daughter to Scotland, and his Younger to France. Moft of the Great Publics Works now remaining in Eng¬ land , acknowledge their ancient and pre- fent being, either to the lo.e Caft and Charges, or to the liberal Contributions, or aMcait to the Powerful Perfwafions of Bilbjps, as moft of the belt endowed Col- l-d--s in both our Zdnr.srfttics, very many Hofdtals, Churches, Palaces , Cajlls, have been founded and built by Bfhofs ; even that famous, chargeable and difficult fttuc- fure of Lonchn-Brtdge ftanefi obliged to of Cttgiatto ’ 275 the Liberal Contributions of an %Arcb Itjhop ; and it was a Biihop of London , at whofe earned Requeft, William the Con¬ queror- granted to the City of London, fo large Priviledges, that in a grateful re-' metnbrance thereof , the Lord' Major and lAldemen to this day, upon foinc Solemn dayes of their refort to S. Pauls Church , do go in ProceJJion about the Grave-jlone , where that Biihop lies interred. But above all, the Converting England to the Chrifiian Religion , the Reforming that Religion when Corrupted; and fmee that, the Maintenance of the DoBrine thereof againft all Romijh Writers, ami of the Difctpline thereof (none of the leaft good Offices') againft all the praftifesand pow.r of the Puritan ai.d Pnsbytenan tuitions , and all thofe other SeBaries lineady def.vnded fronm.em : All this, and more , is owing (if not folely, yet princ pally) to Biihop.- and Prela;es:By the late want of wh «m to fit at the Stern, how f>on was thi:. Goodly Veflel fplit upon the Rocks of Anarchy and Confu- fion. Even fmee the late deflauraiion of Bijhops , to fet down the many c.>nfidcra- ble PuGiick Bemfits flowing ,rom them and other Dignified Clergy, would tire the Reader. What fums of Money have been by them expended in repairing Cathedral Churches, Lpifcopal Houfs , in founding and build¬ ing Hojpmls , jji Charity to poor Widows, N 5 - of 276 State o£ Clergymen utterly ruined by the late Rebels, tor redeeming of a great number of poor Chilian Slave t at .^Algier, what publick and private fums for Applying the Bangs KeceJJities at his Reftauration , what Expenses in Hofpitality, Vc- above and beyond the Chanty and Bounty of others, who have ten times their Wealth and Riches ? To inftancs in a few, whereof certain in¬ formation hath been given- Dr. William Juxon, Archbifhop of Can* terbury , dreeafed, Augmented to poor Vi- caridges to the valew of 11 ooo l. paid for R edemptm of Cbriftitn Captives , in Sub* fidits , Foll-Mjjncy , Benevolences , Birfi- Fruits , See. icooo 7 . Repairs \6oco 7 . Befrdes, for repairing of St. Rauls Church 2CC0 7 . To St. Johns Colledge in Oxford pace l In other Charitable Ufes 2000 7 . in all 48000 7. Befidcs all this, he wasfo. kind to his Tenants, as to abate in their Fines 160001. ■ Dr. Gilbert Sheldon , late Biihop of London , now Archbifhop of Canterbury , gave for Redemption of Captives , and other Charitable Vfes , in Sukftdies i Bene • valences r Purchafeof London Haufe , Re¬ pairs , Building at Oxford , Firft-Fruits , tfc. 4CCCC 7 . and abated to his Tenants 17000 7 . And almoftall this whilft he was Biihop of London. Dr. Brian Duppa^ late Biihop of Win - tbefier , gave for redeeming Captives, building anctendowing ^jilmf'Houfes,^lxh. other ofCngiatta. 277. other Charitable Deeds , in Benmlentes, Repairs , 8 ec. 16000 1 . and was fo good to his Tenants, as to abate 30000 L in their Fines. • Dr. Bevien , late Arehbifhop of , disburfed in pubJick payments and repairs onely, beftdes abatements to Tenants,. 15000 l. Dr. Cufm the forementionedBilhop'of Durham , having from his firijf entrance, to " the end of Seven years,not received above. 19800 1 He expended itali^and 5000/. tnore , either in rebuilding and repairing the Houfes and.Cafttes belonging to that See ; or in rebuilding the Chappel atvdwfc*- land, and Free-Schools at Durham^ all which had been ruined by the late Rebels; in. founding Two Hbfpitals, and a Publick Library; in founding Eight Scholarlhips in Cambridge ; Of which pious and cha¬ ritable Works, the whoic expenecs.came ,v (according to moft certain information) ' 41 to above 22000 l. Befides, he hath expend^ 1 . ed in two Benevolences to the King, in. redeeming of Chriftian Captives at giersj for his Confecration, tic- for the Furniture of the new Chappel at ud-ukland with Plate and other decent Ornaments ; for relieving the diftreifed Loyal P-n-fj^and' ^ other publick and pious ufes, above 44 00 J. All which is here declared more particu¬ larly,then the defigned brevity oi this Trea- tife would handforaly allow, onely thereby, to put a flop to the clamor of many per- fons againit this Bilhop, and many 0- thers 2?8 patent State thers; as if they had received vaft fums of Money, and put it all in their pri¬ vate Purfes. Dr. Warr.tr late Bifnop of Rocbtfter , though his Fines were but finall, yet be- fides abatements to Tenants, he gave in Royal Prefents, Benevolences, Subfidies, Redeeming of Captivcs,C 5 V. above 25000 /. The Deans and Chapters were proportion?.^ bly as liberal, to mention in fome of them. That of Canterbury in Royal Prefents, Charities, Repairs, befides all Abatements to Tenants, gave 16000 l. That of Ihnchejter in all 45800 I. Durham 15000 /. Ely 14000 /. Exeter near 26000 /. Lincoln 110001 . Rockcjkr iccoo /• Worcejlcr 9000 J. Windfir in abatement of Fines 90coJ. in Royal Prefents 2600 /, in augmentati¬ ons 69co 1 . in Repairs 8cco l. in Cha¬ ritable Works above 2000 /. in all 28500/. York 8oco /. Wells 8000 l. The Sum Total of onely thefc above- mentioned Bifliops, Deans, and Chapters, amounts to 413800/. The reft doubtlefs parted with their Money proportionably , and then all Ac - compts caft up , the Remainder could not be great. For jnftanc*, in one 01 the belt Churches, Churches, Canterbury , out of their clear Remainder of all the firft four years 5 viz, at the end of the year 1664 , they had no more then every Prebend n 00 /. and the Dean a double fhare. As they have then been beneficial to this Kingdom , above and beyond other ranks of Men , fo they have had the higheft re* fpeft, reverence, and elteem. In all Ages, amongft all Nations , a- raongft Turks as well as^aer, and Chrijii- it was judged fit, that the Principal Domeftick Servants of the King of Heaven and Earth , either lhould be ofthechiefeft and nobleft upon Earth, or at leaft lhould be fo efteemed. Such reverence our Anceftors bare to that Funftion, that (as Selden obferves) to fall down and kifs the Feet, was a Cere- mony nfual towards other Bilhops and Princij-al Prelates , belidcs theBifhopof Rom. Divers of our Saxon and Norman Kings and Nobles, fo refpefted them, that they conftrained them in Publick Grants yet to be feen, to fy, before the higheft of the 1 ay Nobles, and fometimes before the Kings own Sons and Bro.hers to take precedence of;hem, f 5 V. . In the year 120c, Three Kings, viz'. Of England , Scotland , and of South' Wales, to exprefs their Pious and Cour¬ teous RefpeB to Hugh , Biihop of Lin¬ coln , difdained not with their own Roy¬ al Shoulder r, to bear his dead Corps to the Crave. 28o tE&eweftttt State AnJ yet-it hath been obferved even by Strangers, that the Iniquity ofthe prefent tiroes in England is fuch , That the Englilh Orthodox CL'qy are not onely hated by the Romanics on the one fide, and maligned by the Presbyterian on the other fide ( as the English Liturgy hath a!fo been for a long time by both of them ( a fure evidence of the excellency thereof ) and as our Savi¬ our was Crucified between Two Thieves,} but aifo that of all the Chriftian Clergy of Europe ( whether Romijh , Lutheran -, or Calvinian ) none are fo little refpefted generally , nor beloved , obeyed , or re¬ warded, as the prefent Pious, Learned, Loyal , Orthodox Clergy of England , even by fome of thofe who have alwayes proielfed themfelves of that Communi-- 0 Deuf in qua tempera refervajli nos ! Hi Here folIoVeeth a Catalogue of the prefent Deans in the Provinces both of Can? terbury and York. In the Province of Canterbury . D R. Turner Dean of Canterbury. Dr. Saneroft Dean of St. Pauls. Dr. Dolben Bilhop of Rochejler, and Dean, of Wejlminficr. Dr. Clark Dean of Wincbefier. Dr. Milford Dean of Ely. Dr. Williams Bifliop of Offory , and' Dean. Commendatory of Bangor. Dr. Fell Dean of Chnjl-Churck. Dr. Thomas Dean of Worcefier. Dr. Bredyoke Dean of Salisbury. Vi. Honywood Dean of Lincoln. Dr. Lloyd Dean olSt.^Afapb. Dr. Cary Dean of Exeter. Dr. Duport Dean of Peterborough. Dr. Crofts Dean of Norwich. Dr. “loogood Dean of Brifiol, Dr. Hodges Dean of Hereford. Dr. Brough Dean of Gloccfier, Dr. Dean of Lichfield. Dr. Dean of Chichejler. Dr. Bathmft Dean of Bath and Wells » Dr. Lamplugh Dean of Rocbefer. In the Province df York. Jk. Bitch Dean oiXork. Dr. Sub- Cijepiefentstate Dr- Sudbury Dean of Durham. Dr. Bridgeman Dean of Chefter. Dr. Smith Dean of CarliU. Note , That in the Cathedra! Churches of St. Davids md. oiLandaff, there never hath been any Dean , but the Bifliop in either is Head of the Chapter , and in the Bifhops abfence the Chanter at St. Davids , and at Landaff the Archdeacon. Note alfo , That there are fome Deans in England without any Jurifdiftion, only for Honour fo ttiled ; as the Dean of the Chafpel Royal, and Dean of the Chappel of St. George at Wntdfor. Moreover, fome Deans there are with¬ out any Chapter , yet enjoying certain Ju- rifdiftions, as the Dean of Croya.n , the Dean of Battel , the Dean of Bocking , &c. CHAP, ti englanN ' CHAP. XVIII. Of the Second St Ate or Nobility of Eng¬ land , and therein of their Degrees , Priviledges , States , Revenues t &c. ‘ nofcibihS' , or?v«-]^ OTe( TVTow,?/ t j_>|| tabiles. In all Chriftian Monar¬ chies , Men that have been notable for Con- rags , WifJom , I7ea//t), &c. have been judged fit and worthy to enjoy certain Tii* vik'kes , htles, Dignities, Honours ,8cc. above the Common People, to be placed in an ; >?*he , and to be as a Skreen Vfcl between ■ » -t- ; and the inferiour Sub- jeds, "h->>ne trom Infolencies, and;;i. romfyanr.y; to interpofe by :..eir e -nnje.l , Courage , and Grandeur , where common perfonsdare not, oujitnot to be fo hardy, to fit, port the Kin^and defend the Kingdom with their lives and fortunes. The Nobility of England Is called the Peerage of England , becaufethey are all Pares Regnt j that is Nobilitate Pares , though grain unbares. The Degrees of the Engliflt Nobility are Degrees'' only five, viz.Duke,Marquefs,Eati,Vicimnt, and Baron. Thefe are all Peers, but the four 2B4 ^Fjepiefettt state tour firft are for Stats, Prnilelge, and Pre¬ cedence , above and before thofe who are Barons onely. Duke. A Duke in Latine Dux, a Ducendo , No¬ blemen being anticntly cither Generals and Leaders of Armies in time of War, or Wardens of Marches and Governors of Provinces in time of Peace ; afterwards made fo for term of Life * then held by Lands and Fees , at length made Heredi• tary and Titular. The firft Duke fince the Conqueror was Edward th; Black Prince, created fo by Edw. 3 . in the nth year of his Reign. A Duke is at this day created by Patent t CinBurc of Sword , Mantle of State , lm- . pofition of a Cap and Coronet of Gold on his Head , and a Verge of Gold put into his Hand. Marquis, Marchio a Marquis, was fo 'firft called from the Government of Marches and' Frontier Countries. The firft that was fo created was Robert Fere Earl of Oxford, made Marquis of Dublin in Oblavo of Richard t. A Marquifs is created by a CirSure of a Sword , Mantle of State , Impofitionof a Cap of Honour , with a Coronet and deli¬ very of a Charter or Patent, Evl- Earls anciently called Comtes , becaufe they were wont Comitari Rcgem , to wait upon the King for Councel and Advice. The Saxons called them Ealdormon , the Danes of Cttfilattii* Danes Eortdf and the Englijb Earls. They had antiently for the fupport of their Rate the third penny out of the Sheriffs Court iffuing out of all Pleas of that Shire, whereof they had their Title, but now it is other wife: for whereas heretofore Co- mss and Comitatus were Correlatives, and there was r.o Comes or Earl but had a County or Shire for his Earldome ; of later- years the number of Earls encreafing , and no more Counties left , divers have made choice of fome eminent part of a County ; stsLindfp, Holland , Sunderland, Cleve¬ land^ Craven , Others have chofen for their Title fome eminent Town, as Exeter , Bridge-water , Brifiol , i$c. And fome of late have taken for their T itle the Name of a fmall Village , of a Park , An Earl is Created by the Cinfturc of a Sword , Mantle of State put upon him bp the Xing hlmfelfj a. Cap and a Coronet put upon bis Head , and a Charter in bis Hand. All Earls are (filed by the King Confan- guinei nvftfi , Our Cofins , and they anti¬ ently did and (fill may ufe the ftyle of Nos. AH the Earls of England are local, or denominated from fome Shire, Town, or Place, except two, whereof one is-perfo- nal , as the Earl Marlhal of England , who is not only honorary as all the reft/ but al- fo officiary. The other is nominal, viz- Earl Rivets , who takes his denomination from an Illuftrious Family , as the reft do from fome noted place. 285 Vice*. i %6 Cijepjerent State Vicecomes ruaft Pice Comilif gtibernatu. Vicount, rus Comitatum!' This Title was firft given fay fame ; by Hen. 6. in thetSthyenr of his Reign to John Beaumont , though it may be found that 5 H. 5. Sir Robert Brent was by the King created a Vicount. Vicounts a'.fo are (tiled by the King Conjanguinei noftrt , Our Coufins- A Vicount is fo made by Patent. Baron, In the Laws of the Longob.tris and of the Konnans this word Baron v.as ufed for V:r , a- at this day Baron or Laron in the -Spaniih Tongue is ufed for the fame; fo that a Baron is fir 73.1? \%oyjiv flit Notabi- li< j Principality fo the Chiet Burgeiies o: London annently, and dill thofe of the Cir.jtn Ports } Me called Barons. BraSon faith } they were called Baronet quafiRobur Belli, in time of War the faicr ry of the King and of,all his people , did depend upon their Courage, Wifdoin, Con- duft and Skill in Martial Affairs. Anciently thofe Barons oncly were ac¬ counted Peers of the Realm , that held of the King per integrant Baroniam , which confided of 15 Knights Fees , and one third part (each Knights Fee being 20 1 .) which makes in all 400 Marks, and who¬ ever had fo much, was wont to be fummo* ned to Parliament. Now to hold per Ba- roniam , is to hold per bereditatem BaronU, whether greater or lefs. Basons ofCttBton*. 287; Batons in the beginning of the Reign of H. 3. were not of fo much repute as after¬ wards , when that King ( after that great Rebellion againft him was luppreft ) called by Writ unto Parliament onely fuch great men as had continued Loyal5 which the fucceeding Kings obferving , they onely were accounted Peers of the Realm , that were called by the Kings fpecial Writ, and the others loti their Peerage. The Earls Palatines and Earls Marches of England , had antiently alfo their Ba¬ rons under them y as in Cheshire there are yet fuch Barons 5 but as no Bifhops but thofe that hold immediately of the King , are Peers of the Realm (for the Biihop of Man , holding immediately of the Earl of Derby is no Peer) fo no Barons, but thofe that hold immediately of the King, are Peers of the Realm. Caput Baroni* is fomc Caftlc or Chief Seat of a Nobleman, which is not to be divided amongft Daughters (if there be no Son ) but mull defeend to the Eldeft Daughter , cateris filiabus aliunde faiif' faUit. Land holden by Barony , doth not make the purchafcr that is ignoble to be noble, although the charge ot fuch Tenure doth lie upon him in refped of the .Service of the Realm ; no more then Land by Villain Service , doth make the purchafer that is a Freeman a Villain , though he fhall thereby be bound to his Villain-Service due for thofe Lands. Barons 288 ct}ep?efcnt State Barons are fometimes made by Writ, being thereby called to fit in the Higher t Houle of Parliament, but moft ufuaily by taunt. All the fore-mentioned Degrees have the Title of Lari from the Saxon word Laford y Dominus. All the Lords of England both Spiritu¬ al and Temporal , are Feudataries to the . King, and in their Creation , andalfoin their SuccefTton, do fwear an Oath of Fe¬ alty , and do Homage to the King their So¬ vereign , and pay certain Duties, as Signs and Symbols of their Subjeftion to their Trine:. All Honours in England are given by the King , who is the foie Fountain of Ho- The Law of Knghtndprohibiteth all Sub- jefts of the Realm to receive any Heredi¬ tary Title of Honour, or Dignity, of the Gif: of any Foreign Prince , King or Empe- i -our. Ef: cnim jus Majcftalit $ inter In- fignla fumma potcfiatit. None of thefe Honours bellowed by the King on a Family, c.in be loft, but by want of IiTue Male, except where the Patent ex¬ tends to Mae Female, as fometimes it doth; or elfe by fome heinous Crime ; and then that Family cannot be reftored to their Blood but by-Parliament. All Noblemen at their Creation have two Enfigns, to fignifie two Duties. Their Heads are adorned ad confulendum Regem Tatriam tempers pgfif , and they arc girt of©ifian& girt with a Sword ad defendendum Regem & Paffiant tempore belli. The feveral Degrees of the Englifh no¬ bility are differenced and diftinguifht one from another by their Titles and Enfigns of Honour. A Duke hath the Title of Grace , and being written unto , may be ftiled , Mofi High, Potent , and Noble Prince. %A Mar- f 'M, Mojl Noble and Potent Lord. An art , Mofi Noble and Potent Lord, A Vi- count , Right Noble and Potent Lord. And, A Baron , Right Noble Lord. Their Coronets are all different. A Baron hath 6 Pearls upon the Circle, gi¬ ven to that honour by the Prefent King- A Vicount hath the Circle of Pearls without number. An Earls Coronet hath the Pearls raifed upon Points and Leaves low between. The Marquis a Pearl and a Straw¬ berry Leaf round of equal height. And a Dukes Coronet only Leaves without Pearls. Note that the Dukes of the Blood Royal bear a Coronet of Crojfes and Flower de luce , which is the fame with that of the Prince of Wales , and his is the fame with the Kings, excepting the «. Arches Globs and Croft on the top of the Kings Crown. All the Nobles are more efpecia ly diftinguifht by their Robes of Parliament , by their fe- vera! Guards on their Mantles or Short Cloaks about their Shoulders, A Baron hath but tWo Guards, a Vicount two and a half, an Earl three, a Marquis three and a half , and a Duke four: Alfo the Mantle of a Duke, Marquis, and Vicount, tgo €lje parent State is faced with Ermine, that of a Vicount and Baron faced with Plain White Furre. The Nobility of England have in all times enjoyed many confiderable Privi- ledges. All Peers of the Realm being lookt on as the Kings Hereditary conftant Councel- lours , their Perfons out of Parliament time are Priviledged (as others in Parlia¬ ment time ) from all Arrefts, unlefs for Treafon, Felony, or breach ot Peace, Con¬ demnation in Parliament, or Contempt to the King. No Suffhcavit can be granted againft them ; No Capas or Exigent fued out again!! them for Aftions of Debt or E-efpzfs. No EjJ'oin lies againil any Peer of the Realm. In Criminal Caufcs, Trea¬ fon, or Felony, they cannot be tried by any ether Jury but by a Jury of Peers of ti e Realm j who are not as other Juries, to be put to their Oath , but their Verdift given in upon their Honour fufficeth. In Civil Caufes they are not to be empanelled upon any Jury , nor upon any Enquefts de pEo , though in a matter b.tween two Peers. In cafe any Peer be returned upon any fuch jury, there is a fp.ecial Writ for his difharge. Upon no cafe to be bound to their good behaviour , nor put, to fwear they wifi not break the Peace, but onely to promife it upon their Honour-; which was ever counted fo facred , as up¬ on no terms to be violated. A Peer of the Realm may not be put to the Rack or i orture to difeover the Truth, though ac- cufed of ©tgianu, cufcdof High Treafon. Every Peer of the Realm called to Parliament, hath the Priviledge in his lawful abfence toconfti- tute a Proxy to vote for him, which none of the Commons may do. Alfo in places of Truftcommited to them , they are al¬ lowed to make Deputies, by reafonof the neccffity fuppofed in the Law of their at* tendance on the perfon of the King, though neither Civil Law nor Common Law al¬ low any others Teftimony to be vand, but what is given upon Oath, yet theTeftiJ mony of a Peer of England , given in up¬ on ijis Honour , without any Oath, is efteemed valid; and they were wont to be examined upon their Allegiance and the Loyalty of their Chivalry, and to put in their anfwer to a Bill fuper bonorem , with¬ out taking an Oath 5 though of later times that Priviledge , by the neglett of fome Lords hath been infringed fometimes. A day of Grace by thefavor of the Court is not to be granted to the Plaintiff in any Suit or Aftion wherein a Peer of the Realm is Defendant; and this by Statute Law, be- caufe the Law prefumes that a Peer of the Realm mult always be ready to attend the Perfon of the King and the Service of the Common-wealth , and therefore it is not to be delayed longer than the ordinary ufe of the Court , but to have expedition of Juftice. At the beginning of Parliament when the Oath of Supremacy is exafted of all thofe of the Houfeof Commons, yet it is not required of any of the Lords, be- caufc the King is otherwife allured of their 0 Loyalty 191 . 292' “Cfje Parent ©tate Loyalty and Fidelity, as is prefumed. In- all Cafes wherein the priviledge of Clergy is allow ed to other men, and alfo in divers Cafes where that Priviledge is taken away from other men, every Peer of the Realm having Place and Voice in Parliament, lhall upon his Requeft by Stat. r. Edward ■ 6. without burning in the hand , lofr of Inheritance, or corruption of Blood , be ad judged for the firft time as a Clerk con- vidt, though he cannot read. The Title of Lord is due to all that are Barons of England , and to none other befides Bi- ftlops , and fome great Officers of the Kingdom. - - Onely of courtefie , the Title of Lord is given to all the Sons of Dukes and Mar- qudfes, and to the eldeft Sons of Earls,and to none under. All Barons of England are exempted from all attendance at Sheriff Eourns or any Lttu , where others are obliged to take the Oath of t AUigeance . A Peer cannot be outlawed in any Civil becaufe he cannot be arrefted by a* ny Capas, and by the fame reafon lies no ^Attachment againft him. £y-the Cuftom of England , (as is by the Law of the Empire) Nobiles non torquen - iur in quibus plebei tor querent nr & Nobiks non fujpenduntur fed decapitaniur ; Yet this by the mcer favor of the King, and in fome Cafes, efpecially of Ethnphzxh been other- wife fometimes. For the fupprefling of J Hots and Routty the Sheriff mayraife the PoJJi Comidtui,-' that is, All able men are to aflift him / yet may not the Sheriff command the perlon, of any Peer of the Realm to attend that Service. A Baron of Parliament being fent for by ( the Rings Writ or Letter , or by hisMef-’ fengep to come to Court, or .to Parliament, ' or to appear before the Council-Board, or' in his Courtof Chancery , may both coming; and returning by the Kings Foreft or Park, kill one or two Deer. ■In any Civil Trial, wliere a Peer of the" Realm's Plaintiff or Defe ndant, there mutt, be returned of the Jury at leaftone Knight; otherwife the ^Array f may be quafht/.by Challenge. . ■ b The Laws of England are fo tender of- the Honor, Credit, Reputation and Per- fons of Noblemen , that there, is a Statute on purpofe to prohibit all pffence by faljs reports , whereby any. fcandal to their; perfons may arife, or debate and difcorcl between them and-the Commons ,■ and be- caufe it is to defend, not onely Lay Lords, but BiJhjps , and all Great Officers of the Realm , it is called Scandalum Magna - turn. . The Houfe of a,Peer cannot in fomq Ca¬ fes (as in .fearch for prohibited Books, for Conventicles, [&. ) be entered by 'officers of Juft a , without a. Warrant under the Kings own hand, and the hands.of Six of.fi Ls Privy Council , whereof four to be Peers of the Realm. 0 294 €&e$efent§>tate No Peer ran be alfeffed towards the ftanding Militia -, but by fix or more of themfelves. The Law allowing any one of the Com¬ monalty to be arraigned for Felony or Erea- fin in favorcm t'iM,to challenge Thirty five of his Jury, without (hewing caufe, and others by (hewing caufe; yet allows not a Peer of the'Realm to challenge any of his Jury , or to put any of them to their Oath, the Law prefuming that they being all Peers of the Realm, and judging upon their Ho¬ nor, cannot be guilty of Falfbooi, Favor, or Malice. AH Peers of the Realm have a Privi- ledge of qualifying a certain number of Chaplains , who (after a Difpenfation from the Archbiihop ( if to him it feetn good) and the fame ratified under the Great Seal of England) may hold Plurality of Benefices with Cure of Souls: In this manner, every Duke may qualifie Six Chap * Jains, every Marquefs and Eari five apiece, every Yicount four , and every Baron three. A Peer of the Realm may retain fix Ali¬ ens born, whereas another may not retain above four. In cafe of Amercements of the Peers of the Realm upon Nonfuits , or other Judg¬ ments ; a Duke is to be amerced onely Ten pounds, and all under onely Five poundsj and this to be done by their Peers, accord¬ ing to Magna China , “altKough it is oft done now by the EL’ngs Jufiiccs, in dead of their Peers, ' AH All Peers of the Realm being oonftant Hereditary Counsellors of the King in Hk Great Council of Parliament , and being obliged upon the Rings Summons to appear, and attend in all Parliaments upon their own charges, are priviledged from contri¬ buting to the expences of any Member of the HouJ'e of Commons ; for which no levy may be made upon any of their Lands,Par- cel of their Earldoms or Baronies , any of their antient Demefnes , Cepihold , or ViUain lenants. The Eftates of all Peers of the Realm , being judged in the Eye of the Law, fuffi- cient at all times to fatisfie all Debts and .Damages, fatisfadhon is to be fought by Execution taken forth upon their Lands and Goods, and not by Attachments, Im- prifonmentsof their Pcrfons, (thofe trc to be'always free for the Service or the King and Kingdom) nor by Exigents ox Capias Vtlagatum , tic. Other Priviledges belong to the Peers of England , as Eight Tun of Wine Cujlom-fiee to every Earl, and to the reft proportion¬ ally , f $c. Notwithftanding thefe great Privileges belonging to the Nobility of England , yet the greateft of them (no not the Brother or Son of the King) ever had the Privilege of the Grandees of Spain , to be covered in the Rings Prcjcnct , except onely Henry Bat cliffy Earl of Surrey , as before Page j Nor had ever that higher Privilcdge t 0 3- ofi «i&efent ©tate of the Nobility pj France , whof e Domain ■ Lands, find then Pendants holding them, are exempted from all Conmbutms and Tallies , by which favour they are tied, to . their King, 'and fo.enabled tofervehim ; that although Rebellions are frequent, yet f.lcloin of long continuance,and never pro- fperous;, whereas the higheft born Subj,a ft of England hath herein no more Frivi- ledge, than the meaneft Ploughman , but utterly want that kind of reward for Uin- ticnt Verm , and encouragement for future Induftry. Touching the Places or Precedenqes nmongft the Peers of, England , it is to be obfervcd, 1 hat (after the King, and Pnnces of.heBW, we- The Sons, Grandfons, Brothers, Uncles, or Nephewsofthe Kang, and no farther) Dukes ainongft tjje Nobili¬ ty have the firft place , then Marquefl'es, Dukes deleft Sons, Earls, Marqueffes eldejt Sons, Dukes younger Sons, Vicounts, Earls eldeft-Sons, Marqueffes younger Sons., -Ba¬ rons, Vicounts,ekleft -Sons, Earls younger Sons, BaronsddeftSon-,'/ icounts younger Sons, Barons younger So ns. _ . ; Here note,.That,it wus-decreed by ;King fames, That the younger Sons of,Barons and Vicounts (hould. yield Place, and Pre¬ cedence to.ail Knights, of th.e,Garter, tonus tales j ,and ,to. sli En-vy Councillors, Majicr of..jherjferds : ^CbweelIoY. : and Tryafw. of "the. Exchequer, Cba& ■cellar of \ttc-.Pytciy ofette a. * C Rl n & s :. 0f 297 Kings Bench 9 M after of the Rolls , Chief Jufticeoi the Common fleas, Chief Baron of the Exchequer j and all other Judges and Barons of the'degree of the Coife of the faid Courts, and that by reafon of their Honorable Order and Employment; and alfo to MBanneiets made under the Kings Banner or Standard difplayed in an c Amy Royal in open War , and the King perfon- lally prefent. . Moreover,Obferve that all Nobles of the fame degree, take place according to the Seniority of their Creation. But the Princes of the Blood, the Great Officers of the Realm , and the Bifhops are to precede , according to an Aft of Pari.a* ment, 31 Hen. S. The Lord Chancellor, Lord Treafurer, -Lord Preftdent of the Kings Council,Lord Privy Seal': Thefe being Barons or above, ilhall in Parliament fit above all Dukes, except the Son, Brother, or Nephew of the King. The Lord High Steward of England is not here named, -becaufe it was intended, that he Ihould not continue beyond the oc« cafton for. which he (hould be made. Next hath place, the Lord Great Cham¬ berlain of England, then the ,Lord High Conftable, the Earl Mar(hal,the Lord High Admiral,Lord Steward of the Kings Houf- hoId,Lord Chamberlain of the Rings Hpuf. hold. Thefe (hall fit after the L.ord Privy Seal, above all ofthelr-degree, oneiy, And if the: Kings Pr htcipal §eeKtar-jtbe c a,Karon, fae.takes place of 4 UtBatOH^atoarr, 80 tj)f L., Of the 29S €fje parent State the Offices before-mentioned ; but if he be iVicount or higher degree , he (hall take place onely according to his degree. Alfo, if the Rings Secretary be a Bifliop, as an¬ cientry was ufual, he takes place next to the Eifhop of Winckfitr , before all other Bilhops that have none of the Offices afore- faid. All Dukes, Marqueffes, Earls, Vicounts, and Barons, not-having any of the faid Offices, (hall take place according to the ancientry of their Creation. All Dnkes elded Sons have the Title of Earls, and the elded Son of an Earl, hath the Title of the Earls Barony , andfome- times of the Vicounty, according to the Patent- st 3 i t . There are certain Marks of State that belong to each degree amongft theNobility, which they may praftife , or not praftife at pleafure. Duk:. A Duke may have in all places out of the Kings prefence a Cloth of Eftate hang¬ ing down , within half a yard of the Ground ; fo may his Dutchefs, and her Train born up by a Baronnefs; and no Earl to wafh with a Duke without the Dukes pleafure. "Mar- A Marquefs may have a Cloth of Eftate quif. reaching within a yard of the Ground, and that in all places out of the prefence of the King, or a Duke , and hisMarchionefs to hive her Train born by a Knights Wife* and of€ngfatE 199 and no Vicount to walh with a Marquefs, but at his pleafure- An Earl alfo may have a Cloth of Eftatc£ flr / without Pendants, but onely Fringe, and aCountcfs may have her Train born by a Gentjewoman , out of the prefence of her Superiors, and in their prefence by a Gen¬ tleman. A Vicount may have a Cotter of AfTay Vicount. holden under his Cup while he drinks,, but no Aflay taken, as Dukes, MarquelTcs, and Earls may have , and may have a Travers in his own houfe. And a Vicountefs may have her Gown born up by a Woman out of the prefence of her Superiours, and in their prefence by a Mam A Baron may alfo have the Cover of his Brnth Cup holden underneath whiift he drinketh, and a Baronefs may have her Gown born up by a Man in the prefence of a Vicountefs. All Dukes elded Sons are born as Mar- Tiik. queffes, and the younger as Lords, with the addition of their Chriftian Names, as Lord lko/nas, Lord John , tfc. A Marqueffes eldyft Son is called Lord of 'a place , and the yoiinger Sons as Lord 2£ ^Albansi Edward Montague, Earl of Sandwich James Butler, Earl of Brecknock. Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, ofrthur Capel, Earl of Efiex, Robert Erudnel, Earl of Cardigan. «,Arthur oinnefley, Earl of udnglefey. John Greenvile ,Earl of Bath Charles Howard, Earl of Carlifie. WtUiam Craven, Earl of Craven. RobertBruce, Earl of uilefbury. Richard Boyle, Earl of Burlington. Henry Benet, Earl of lArlington. ^Anthony iJJbhy Cooper , Earl of Shafts bury. V'icounts. LeicefierD evereux, Vicount Hereford Francis Brown, Vicount Montague/ James Fiennes, Vicount Say ivA Seat. Edward Conway, Vicount Conway. Baptifi Noel, Vicount Campden. William Howard, Vicount Stafford. Thomas Bellafts, Vicount Falconbridgt,. John Mordant, Vicount Mordant, George Savil, Vicount Hallifax. Bams. George Nevtf, Lord uibergavetfny.■ James Teuchet , Lord Dudley . Charles Weft', Lord de la Ware., George Berkley, Lord Berkley. Thomas Barker, Lord MorUy and Montegle. Franc* 3®4 €&e$e®tt State Francis Lennar Lord D acres *. . • Conyers Darcy,Notd Darcyznd Meynell. • William Stourton , Lord St our tan. WtU. Lord Saniit de la Fine. . Benjamin Mtldmayy-Lord Fitfwakr. Ihomas Windjor., Lord Wind fur. . Cramwd, Lord. Cromwel. George Eure, Lord hurt. Philip Wharton, Lord Wharton. William Willoughby y Lord Willoughby ■.dl¬ l’arkam. .... William Paget f Lord Paget. Dudley North , Lord North. William Bruges^ Lord Shan doit. William Petrc , Lord Pare. Charles Gerard , Lord Gerard of Gerards Bromley. Charles Stanhap r Lotd Stanhop. Henry tJrwdel, Lord rd Ward. Zhemas Culpeper, LordCulpeper. IJaack lAftley, Lord ^djlhy. ! John Lucas, Lord Lucas. ■■ < . , ; John Bellafis, Lord Bellajis. Edward Watfon, Lord Rocingbatit. : Charlds Gerard, Lord Gerard of Brandem- Gillert Sutton > Lor d-Lexinton. ' 't 1 Charles Kjrkhovtn, Lo fal Woiton- Marmaduke Langdale, Ldrd LangdaU. . William Crafts, Lord Crafts. ' ■ ' John Berkley, Lord Berkley of Strattons- Denzil Hollis, Lord Hollis. Charles Cornwallis, Lord Cornwall*; ■ George Booth, Lord de la Mere. Horatio Zmnfend. Lord 1 'ownfend- John Crew , Lord CVsw, $c. Frefchevile, Lord Frefchevile. Richard Arundel, Lord eJrundtl of Zre* Zhomas Butler , Lord Butlrr of More Bark. Henry Howard, Lord Howard oi Cafttln* Zhomas Clifford,. Lord Clifford of Cbudleigh. Of Temporal Lords or Peers of England , Humber. there are at prefent about One hundred fifty four , whereof there are ten Dukes , Three Marqueffes, Fifty fix Earls,Nine Vi- counts, and fixty feven Barons; whereas within Seventy years laft paft, there was not. one io$ one Duke, but one Mnrquefs,about Nine* ** teen Earls. Three or Four Vieounts, and Forty Lords. Revenue, The Laws and Cuftoms of England , always willing that Decorum and Con- venicncy ftiould be every where obfervcd, and confidering the Charges and Expences appertaining to the feveral degrees of Ho¬ nor, as they belong to Men of Principal *• Service to the King and Realm, both in time of War and Peace, expefted that each of them fhould have a convenient Eftate and Valew of Lands of Inheritance, for the fupportof their Honors,and the Kings Service- Therefore anciently when the in- trinfick valew of a Pound Sterling was worth 30 l. of our Money now, as appears by the then price of all things, every Knight was to have about Eight Hundred Acres, reckoned at 201. yearly in Land ; that is, about 6001. oE our Money at this day. A Baron to have Thirteen Knights Fees, and one third part, which amounted to about 567 L Which Multiplied by ;o, was as much as 8000 7 . a year at this day. An Earl Twenty Knights Fees,and a Duke For¬ ty. And in cafe of decay of Nobility, of that they had fo far wafted their Revenues* that their Honors could not decently be maintained- (as the Roman Senators were in filch cafe removed from the Senate) fo fometimes fome Englijh Barons have not been admitted to fit in the Higher Houfi of Parliament , though they kept the itfame tnd Title or Dignity ftill. «oe For the better fupport of thefe Degrees of Honor, the King doth ufually upon the Creation of a Duke, Marquefs, Ear!, or Vicount,grant an Annuity or Yearly Rent, to them and their Heirs,which is fo annexed to the Dignity,that by no Grant, Affurancc, or any manner of Alienation can be given from the fame, but is ftill incident to, and a fupport of the fame Dignity j contrary to that Principal in Law, ibat every Land of Fee-Simple may be charged with a Rent in Fee-fimple by one way or other. To a Duke the King grants 4 ° ^ hereto* fore a confiderable Penfion 5 to a Marquis 40 Marks; to an Earl 20 1 . and to a Vicount 20 Marks. To Barons no fuch Penfions are ordinarily granted , onely the late King creating Montjoy Blount (the late Earl of Newport) Lord Mountjoy of Fhurlfion , granted him a Fee of 20 Marks fer annum, to him and his Heirs for ever. As the King of England hath ever had. the repute of the richeft in Domains of any King in Europe ; fo the Mobility of Eng¬ land have been accounted the richeft in Lands of any Neighboring Nation ;fome having above 20000 /.yearly,othcrsi5ooo/. and fo many of them above 10000 /. That if one with another, they have but 8000 l. yearly, it will amount to in all amongft the 14 4 Lords,above Twelve hundred thoufand pounds a year , about the Eleventh part of the yearly Revenue of all England, which upon computation is found to. be about Fourteen Millions yearly. €Jje fteftttf state The Eng’ilh Nobility for Valor, Wif- dom, Integrity and Honor, hath in all for¬ mer Ages been equal to any in Chrilfefidom. Every Lords Houfe was a kind of well- difciplined Court, infomuch, that the Gentry, Males, and Females, were wont to be fent thkher for vertuous breeding, and returned excellently accomplifhed. Athome their Table , Attendance,;Offi¬ cers, Exercifes, Recreations, Garb, was,an honor to the Nation. Abroad they were attended with as brave, numerous, and Uniform Traynof Servants and Eollowers,as any in Europe , not think¬ ing it confident with their Honors to be feen walk tl e Strettsplmoft in Cuerpo with one Lacquey, or not that,much lefs to be found drinking in a Tavern, SJc. If fome of the Englijh Nobility,by a long continued Peace, exceffive Luxury in Diet, want of Aftion, were’before the late Wars born more feeble in body then-their Anceftors , _and by too fine , and too fril Diet, afterwards were rendred weaker in mind ; and theft during the late Troubles by. much Licentioufnefs and want of fit Edu¬ cation, werefo debauched, that it was late¬ ly idifficult to find (as fome arc bold to af¬ firm) the .'Courage , Wifdom, Integrity, Honor, Sobriety, and Courtefie of the An- tiehtNobility j yet it is not to be doubted, but that under a Warlike enterpriiing Prince all thofe Vertucs of their Forefathers may fpring afrelh.. :, ;:jrCttgiank- 109 CHAP; XIX. ’ Of the Third State, or Comment of Eng¬ land, and therein of Baroriets, Knights , Efyuires, Gentlemen, Yeomen, Citi¬ zens, Handicrafts, &e; ’ .. # T'He Law of England, contrary to the Laws and Cuftoms of other Coun- treys , .calleth none Noble under a Baron; fo that not onely all Baronets, all forts of Knights, all Efquires and Gentlemen, but alfo the Sons of the Nobility , are ;by our Law .reckoned amongft the Commons of England, and therefore the eldeft Son of a Duke, though by the Courtefie.of ftiled an Earl, yet (hall be arraigned by the ftile ot Efquire onely,and may be tried by a J ury of Common Freeholders ,and in Parliament can fit onely in the How/s.-qf Commons , if Elefted , till called bylhe Kings Writ to the Lords Houfi-: Yet doth it feem very abfurd , that all Nobletnens Sons, witn all.Knights, Efquires., »nd Gentlemen,.(hould be eftccmed Eiebeims.0, but father as in Roms , they were ih a tutor dleirank , inter Senators $ Flebcm j or drfe as in other Chrifilan Kingdoms (, they, fhould ibe conlhldEcd-as Minor; Nobilitar, Regni: So that as Barons ,. and all above, j tjiay. bi ftiled Nobiles Majorst‘,fo fcoto a Baroa. jjo ^Tfje p^crent State * " Baron downward to the Yeoman, all may be not unfitly ftiled Nobiles Minsrcs. The Lower Nobility then of England confifts of Baronets, Knights , Efquires, and Gentlemen. Baronets The next Degree to Barons are Baronets, which is the lowed Degree of Honour that is Hereditary. An Honor firftinftituted by King James, lAnno 1611. given by Patent to a Man , and his Heirs Males of his body lawfully begotten; for which, each one is obliged to pay into the Exchequer fo much Money as will for three years at Eight pence per diem, pay Thirty Foot Soldiers to ferve in the Province of Vlfier in Ireland j which fum amounts to 1095 l. which with Fees doth commonly arife to 1200 /. Baronets have precedence before all Knights, except Knights of the Garter, Knights who are Privy Councilors, and Knights Bannerets, made under the Kings Banner or Standard, difplayed in an udrmy Royal in open War,and the King pcrfonally prefent, or the Prince of Walts. Prince Henry by particular mention had liberty to create Bannerets. See’Mr. Seldens Titles of Honor. Baronets have the Priviicdge to bear in a Canton of their Coat of Arms, or in a whole Scutcheon the Arms of Vlflcr, viz. In a Field Urgent a Hand Gules : Alfo in the Kings Armics-to have place m the grofs near the Kings Standard, with fbme other particulars for their Funerals. The whole number of Baronets in Eng- land ofCttBiatrti* i Uni are not to exceed Two hundred at one and the fame time; after which number compleated,as any for want of Heirs come to be extinft, the number frail not be made up by new Creations, but be fuffered to di- minilh; as appears by their Patent. No Honor is ever to be created between Baronets and Barons, The firft Baronet that was created, wai Sir Nicholas Bacon■ of Suffolk } whofe Suc¬ cor is therefore ftiled Primus''Bartnctto- rum o&nglise. This word Rnigbt is derived from the g n German word Kuccht , fignifying originally a Lujly Servitor. The Germans (as theantient Homans gave their young men fogam Virilem ) by publick Authority bellowed on their young men able to manage Arms, a Shield and a Jave¬ lin; as fit for Martial Service, and to be a Member of the Common wealth, account¬ ed before but a part of a Family; and fuch a young man publickly allowed, they called I&ecbt ; whence we had our Inftitution of Knighthood. The thing J&igbt is at this day fignified in Latins, French , Spanijh, Italian , and alfo in High and Lavs Dutch Tongues , by a word that properly fignifies a Horfman , becaufe they were wont to ferve in War on Horfeback, and were fometimes in Eng- lani, called Radenhps , id eft, Riding Ser¬ vitors , yet our Common Law ftiles them Milites, Soldiers, becaufc they commonly he d Lands in Knights Service, to ferve the King in his Wars as Soldiers. Tb* 3ii €fje$e»-©tate The Honor of Knighthood is commonly given for fomeperfonal defert, and there¬ fore dies-with the perfon deferring,and def- cends not to his Son. i&ight In England there are ftveral"forts of of ike Knights, whereof the chiefeft' are thofe of Garter, the Order of S. George, commonly called ^nights of the Garter. This Order'isefteemed the mod Honou¬ rable and mod Antient of any now in ufe in Chrijtendom. It began as appears, in the' Statutes of this Order, in 1350, and the Three and twentyeth year of the Warlike and Puiifant King Edward the Third 3 who triumphed feveral times over Franc :,and Scotland ; who held Prisoners at one time in Er.gland/Kjngjokn of France , and King Daiid of Scotland 3 who expulfcd the Re¬ bels of Cajlile, and inthroned'£>«» Fedro their lawful King. He that did the’fe mighty and glorious exploits was the Founder of this Noble Order of the Garter , and at firft made choice of the moft Illuftrious Perfons of Europe^ to be of that Royal Society (no doubt) upon a Martial, and not upon any fuch amorous account, as a Garter faliing from a Ladies Leg 3 which ridiculous Story to the dilhonour of the Order , was firft fan*, cied by Folydore Virgil 3fid fince upon his credit, taken up by many late Authors, It was fince commonly called, Ihc Order of tbs Garter, becaufe this onely part of the whole Habit of the Order was made choice of at firft , to be conftantly worn, and that to put in mind the Companions of the csf Ctt&latfo 313 tfie Order; that as by this Order they were joyned i« a firm League of lAmity and- Con¬ cord, fo by their Garter, as by a faft tye of afFefiion,they were obliged to love one ano¬ ther. Now Ieaft this ftrift combination might feetn to have any other aim:or end , but what was honorable and juft, did obvi - andatn tnalam interpretationem (as the An- tient Records of Windfor fpeak) 'the faid Ring commanded that Motto or Imprefs, to be wrought on the Garter ,■ viz. Honi foit qui malypenfe. The reafon why this Motto was put in French,- was, becaufe then the King of Eng¬ land being ported of a great part of France, not.ondy our Laws, Pleadings,and Sermons were in French ; but that was the ordinary Language in the Court of England. It appears by antient Writings, That this Honourable Company is a Colledge ot Corpo¬ ration, having a Great Seal belonging to it, and conflfting of a Soveraign Guardian , (which is always the King of England) and of Twenty five Companions called Knights, ef the Garter ; of Fourteen Secular Canons, that are Priejis ; of Thirteen Vicars , who are alfo Priefts’, of Twenty fix Poor Ejtigbts , who have no other Maintenance , but the allowance of this Colledge , which is given them in refpeft of their Prayers , to the Ho¬ nor of God, and of S. George , who is the Patron of England , and of this Order in particular; and none of thofe Fabulous S. Georgeses fome have vainly fancied ; but that famous Saint and Soldier of Chrift, S. George of Cappadocia; A Saint fo uni- verfally ii4 CMieftttt State verfally received in all pars of Cbrifien*- dom t fo generally atteftedby the Ecckfittfti* cal Writers of all Ages from the time of his ’Martyrdom till this day , that no one Saint in all the Calendar (except thofe attefted by Scripture) is better evidenced. There be alfo certain Officers belonging to this Order $ as the Prelate of the Garter , which Office is fetled on the Bijbopriek of Winchefier 5 A Cbancellour of the Garter y which Office did anciently belong tp the Bi- fhops of Salisbury , and is now by His Ma* jellies favor reannexed to that See; A Idegifier , who of latter times hath been conftantly the Dean of Windjor , though antiently it was otherwife. The. Principal King at Arms called Garter , whofe chief Funftion is to manage and marlhal their fo* kmnities at their Inftallations and Feafts. Laftiy, The llfher of the Garter. There are alfb certain Orders and Con* flitutions belonging to this Society touch¬ ing the Solemnities in making thefe Knights, their Duties after Creation, and their high Privilcdges, too long for this place. The Coliedge isfeated in the CalHe-of Windfor , with the Chappel of S. George y there erefled by King Edward the Third , and the Chapter-Houfe. The Order of the Garter is wont to be bellowed upon the molt excellent and re¬ nowned Perfons for Honor and Vertue,and with it a Blew Garter deckt with Gold , Pearl and Precious Stones, and a Buckle of Gold , to be worn daily on the Left Leg ; alfo at High Feafts they are to wear a Sur- of Citglaiffl* coat , a Mantle , a hi b h Black Velvet Cap, a C„//rfr of pure Gold, compofed of Zofct enamelled Red, within a Garter enamelled Blew, with the ufual Motto in Letters of Goldj and between e ach of thefe Garters a Knot with TefTelsof Gold, together with other ftately and magnificent Apparel. They are not to be feen abroad without their Garter upon the left Leg, upon pain of paying Two Crowns to any Officer of the Order who fliall firft claim it; onely in taking a Journey, a Blew Ribbon under the Boot doth fuffice. Upon the Left-Shoulder, upon Cloacky Coat, or Riding Caifack , in all places of Aifcmbly, when they wear not their Robes, they are to wear an Efcutcheon of the Arms of S. GeorgCythzt is, A Crofs with a Garter, and this by an Order made lAprtl 1626. That Ornament and Embelliihment about the faid Efcutcheon now worn, and called Jke Star , or rather , Etc Sun in its Glory , was at the fame time enjoyned. The greateft Monarchs of Chrtjlendom % have been enrolled , and have taken it for an honour to be of this Order. There have been of this Order fince the Inftitution Eight Emperours , Seven and twenty or Eight and twenty Foreign Rings, befidcs many Soveraign Princes, See. Note , that none can be of this Msjl Honourable Order , that have been convifted of Hetefic, of I reafon or of Cowrdife. T'b* 315 P Clje parent state The Fellow and ConipMons of the Mofi Noble Order of S. George, are at frefor.t thefe that follow , ranked accords ing as they are fated in their fevtral Stalls at Windfor. tN the firft Stall on the Right hand is the Sovenign of the Order King Charles the Second, who is Patron and foie Difpofer or the Order. In the other Stalls on the Sovereigns fide, are thus placed thefe that follow , 2. Chri- fiar. the Fifth, King of Denmark : 3 Eleftor Palatine: 4 Prince of Orange : 5 Eleftor of Saxony : 6 Duke of Buckingham : 7 Earl of Briflol : 3 Count Marfin: 9 Duke of Rich¬ mond : 10 Duke of Monmouth : u Duke of Laudcrdatle: 12 Earl of St. uilhans: 1 3 Earl of Arlington. On the other fide oppofite to thefe afore¬ named are placed in this order thefe that follow. 1 Charles the Eleventh of that name King of Svjeden : 2 Duke of Turk : 3 Prince 'Rupert: 4 Eleftor of Brandenburgh : s Duke of Ormond: 6 Duke of Nevicajllc : 7 Prince of Tarentc : 8 Earl of Oxford : 9 Earl of Strafford : ro Duke o (^JlbemarU : «t Marquis of Tl'orcefer: uJEarl of Bed- fore , tne 13 Stall on this fide is now the Earl of Ofory. Note, That antiently Kings and Sove- rsign Princes were placed according to their flf ©itffldr®. 517 their Creations j but now thofe onelyare placed according to their d egrees. The whole number of Fellows of this Order, is not to exceed Twenty fix- In the next place are Knights Bannerets , Knights T. quite s Vexilliferi , anticntly a high Honor , Rmnc* nowobfokte, there being at this time none rets. of this Order in England. Thefe may bear theirArins with fuppor* ters, and none under this Degree. Knights of the Bath , fo called of their Rji'ghu Bathing , ufed before they are created, of the The fir ft of this fort were made by Henry Bath. the Fourth, udnno 1399. They are now commonly made at the Coronation of a King or Queen , or Creation of a Prince of Wales. They wear a Scarlet Ribbon Belt wife. They are (till made with much Ceremony, too long here to be deferib- Other Knights called Equites jiurati , Knights from the Gilt Spurs ufually put upon them, Batch's - and Knights Batchelors , uafi BasChiva • lors. Iters , Knights of low degree. So Batche¬ lors in Arts or Divinity,y;w/i Low Knights or Servitors in Arts. Thefe were anticntly made by girding with a Sword and Gilt Spurs , ami was bellowed onely upon Sword-men for their Military Service, and was reputed an excellent and glorious Degree, and a Noble Reward for couragi- ous Perfons; but of late being made more common, and beftowc-d upon Gown M«s P 2 contra^ cent'ary to the nature or the rtyng (asde-. greei in the Uakerfity arc fometimes be- towzd uj;oti Sword-men) it is become of such Ids reparation. Yet amongft Gown* men it Is girai only to Lawyers and Phyfi- riaos , sad not to Divines, who may as well become that Dignity , and be Spiritual Knights as well as Spiritual Lords. T:.efe are now made with no other Cere, many bat kneeling down, the King with a draws Sword, lightly toucheth them on the Shoulder/ after which, heretofore the King faid in French , Sw Cktalier &u nom it Ditu, and then tAvinas CczviUcr. When a Knight is tq,fuffer death for any feol Crime, his Mi'i'ary Girdle is firft to be ungirt, r.is Sword taken away , his Spurs cut of with an hatchet, his Gantlet p [nekton, and his Coat of Arms revet* fed Zfymts. Next among the Lower Nobility are Kanins, fo ailed from the French word ffa^rr, ScuUgsri, becaufe they were wont to bear before the Prince in War, or before the bctier fort of Nobility a Shield , or elfe perhaps becaufe they bear a Coat of Arms as Enfigns of their de* feent, and by.-onr Lawyers are called drtmgsri. . . Of this Title are firft all Vicounts el* deft Sons, and all Vicounts and Barons younger Sons; and by the Common Law or En*ltni, all the Sons of Earls, Mar* cuelfcs, and Dukes, areEfquires.and no more. Next arethe.Efquires of the Kings Body, mentioned among the Officers of the tffttgM). \ $13 Kings Court; after thefeare reckoned the eldeft Sons of younger Sons of Barons, < and of all Noblemen of higher degree then . Knights eldeft Sons,and their eldeft Sons for ever: Next Efquires created by the King, by putting about their Necks a Collar of • Elfes, and bellowing on them a pair of Sil¬ ver Spurs. Laftly divers'that are in fuperi- or publick Office for King or State, are re¬ puted Efquires, or equal to Efquires, as Sergeants of the fcveral Offices, in the Kings Court, and other Officers of rank and quality, fo Jufticesbf the Peace, Ma¬ jors of Towns, fo Counccllorsat Law,. Batchelors of Divinity, Law or Phyfick, although none of them really are fo. ' The Knights and Efquires of this Nati¬ on, for Valor and Courage, for Wifdom, good Hofpitality, Literature, and other Gentile qualities, might compare with any Kingdom in Chriftendom, nor might any juftly fay here, as a grave Writer did to thofe o f our Neighbour Country, Nifitit boni lAUatoreS) frobi Cbsrtarii, Scortatorcs improbi, Pot stores flrenui, Profuforet suttees, DecoBorcsti Confitures'*ri( aliens, Scabie Gallics tenique ornsti vix quifqusm vos ere- detEquites vehArmigcras, In the laft place, among the lower No- Gentry. bility arc accounted the Gentry of Eng* Uni , that have no other Title, but are de- , feended of Ancient Families that have al¬ ways born a Coat of Arms. , $ 20 €fje pjefettt State This kind of Honor is derived from the Germans to the reli of Cirijleniom , and was never known in any Country where the Ger¬ man Cuftoms were unknown , as in dfia, xjffcka, and ^America. The Germans an* tiently warring oft amongft themfelvcs, painted their Scutcheons with the Pifture of forne Bead,Bird,or other thing for diftindi- en, and put fome eminent and vifib'e Mark upon the Creits o r their Helmets; and this Ornamenr,both of Arms and Crcft,defcend- ed by inheritance to their Children, to the eldeft pure ; and to the reft,witn fome note of diftindion, fuchas the Old Matter of Ceremonies, in High Dutch HcrcaJt , now EsraU, thought fit. Gerfflemen well defcended and well qua¬ lified , have always been of fuch repute in England, that none of the higher Nobili¬ ty , no nor the King himfelf have thought it unfitting to make them fometimes their Companions. The Title of Gentleman in England (as of Cavalier in France , Italy, and Spain) is not difdained by any Nobleman. AU Noblemen are Gentlemen, though all Gentlemen are not Noblemen- The State of Gentry was anticntly fuch, that it was accounted an abafmg of Gen* try , to put their Sons to get their Living by Shop-keeping , and our Law did ac¬ count it a disparagement of a Ward in Chivalry to be married to a Shop keepers Daughter , or to any nicer Citizen; for TraJefmen in all Ages and Nations have Veen reputed ignoble, in regard of the doubleneft s0f CHfffiutfc 5 ii doublenefs of their Tongue, without which they hardly grow rich (for AW 7 pmficiunt nift admodum mentimtur , as obfervcs ? fo the Son of Sirach Ecckf. 26. 29. A Merchant (hall hardly keep himfelf from eloing wrong, and an Huckfter fhall not be freed from Sin) and therefore amongst the ibdans no man was admitted to places of Honour and Truft, unlefs he had left off Trading ten years before : So by the Im¬ perial Laws a Tradefman is not cajable of any Honourable Eftate , nor to be % Commander over Soldiers, and therefore the Englifn Nobility and Gentry till within late years, judged it a ftain and diminuti¬ on to the honour and dignijy of their Fami¬ lies , to feek their Childrens fupport by Shopkeeping , but only (as in all great Monarchies , by Military , Court, State, or Church Employments, much lefs to fubjeft their Children to an apptentifage, a perfeft Servitude i for during that time, whatever they gain by their Matters Trade , or their own wit, belongs all to their Ma¬ tter , neither can they lie out of their Matters Houfe, nor to take a Wife , nor Trade of their own , but fubjeft to all Houlhold Work, all Commands of their Matter, undergo what punifhment, and eat and wear what their Matter plcafeth 5 • which Marks of Slavery confider?d , He¬ ralds are of opinion, that a Gentleman thereby lofeth his Gentility for ever, till he can otherwife recover it; and yet, to thelhame of our Nation, yve have feet) of late.not only the Sons of Baronets,Knights,... P 4 j and 321 W parent ©tate and Gentlcra.n , fitting -'n shops, ar.d fometimcs o. Pedling Trades, far more fit for Worn:n and their Daughters, l ut al- foan Ear! of this Kingdom fubedting his Son to an Apprenrifag- a. d Trade 5 but the folly of t.:e Englilhin fwerving from rheir Anceftors herein (as in other things) is now apparent, for thofe young Gentlemen poffelfing more nolde and adhve fpirits, could nor brook fuch dull flavifh lives, and being thereby unfitted for otner employ¬ ments , have generally taken ill debauched courfes- The true Englifh Nobility and Gentry hive in all times made it their main aim to endow their Sons with fuch accomplifh* mentsefpecially a- might reader them ca¬ pable to defend their Countrey in time of War , and to govern it in time of Peace; for which two things all Gentlemen feem to be born , and therefore their chief Stu¬ dies have ever been that of the Great Em- perour Jufimzn , and Ihould be of all Princes and Nobles, viz- Domi Leges & foris ijfrmz qum optims callers. Priviledges. The lower Nobility of England have fewer and lefs Priviledges than thofe in other Monarchies- Some few Priviledges belong to Knights, quatenus Knights. If a Knight be a Minor, yet fnall he be out of Wardlhip both for Lands, Body, and Marriage ; for though the Law doth judge him not able to do Knight* ofCngfatfo. 323 Knights Service till the Age of at years, yet the King being Soveraign and Supreme Judge of Chivalry, by dubbing him Knight, doth thereby allow hiin to be able to do him Knights Service. Knights are excufed from attendance at Court-Leets. They and their eldeft Sons not compella¬ ble to find Pledges at the Viftu Franci Fkgii. 1 Knights by Magna Chart a, cap. 21. are fo freed, that no Demefne Cart of theirs may be taken. | The Son and Brother of a Knight, by a Statute Law 9 are capacitated to hold more than one Benefice with cure of Souls. By the Slat. Primo Jacobi it feems that Knights and their Sons (though they can- not fpend 10 /. per annum , nor are worth aco /.) may keep Greyhounds, Setting- Dogs, or Nets to take Pheafants or Par¬ tridges. Some Priviledges alfo belong to Gen¬ tlemen. Antiently if an ignoble Perfon did (trike a Gentleman in England, he was to lofe his hand. A Gentlemen by St at. £>uint. Eliz. may not be compelled to ferve in Husbandry. The Child of a Gentleman brought up to finging, cannot be taken without the Parents and Friends confent to ferve in the Kings Chappel, as others may. P 5 The The Horfe of a Gentleman may not be taken to ride Pod Note, That as there are feme Great Officers of the Crown, who for their Dig¬ nity and Worth of their Places, although they are not Noblemen , yet take place a- mongft the higheft of the Higher Nobility , fo there are fome perfons who for their Dignities in the Church Degrees, in the Univcrl'ty , Offices in the State or Ar¬ my. although they are neither Knights nor Gentlemen born, yet take place a* mongft them, fo all Deans, Archdea¬ cons , Chancellours, Prebends, Doftors of Divinity , Law, and Phyfick, Heads of Houfes in the Univerfity , ufually take place next to Knights, and before ordi¬ nary Efquires and Gentlemen. Yet in other Chriftian Countries where the Civil Law hath its due Credit in fuch -Afts as concern Learning, a Doftor of i-aw hath precedence of a Knight; .as alfo at Court in Foreign parts, thofe Doftors that wait on the Prince, precede the Knights who are fervants to the Prince; hut otherwife Knights ufually take place of Xtoftors. Likewifc all Judges of Courts, Juihces of the Peace. All Comffliflionatecl Officers in the Ar¬ my , as Colonels , Mafter of Artillery , nuarter-Mafter General, All higher Officers in the Kings Court, AH Sergeants at Law, $SV. Thefc are .wont to precede Efquires. All Batchelors of Divinity, Law, and* Phyfick, all Doftors in the Arts, com¬ monly called Matters of Art, all Barre¬ tters in thelnnesof Court, all Captains, divers other Officers in the Kings Hou- Ihold, may equal, if not precede Gentlemen, that have none of thofequa^ lifications. In England Gentry (as in Germany all Nobility ) and Arms are held in Gavel- Mini, defending to all the Sons alike , only ‘the eldeft Son beareth Arms without difference, which the younger may not. ~ Of the Lower Nobility in England x he number isfo great, that there are reckoned. at prefent above 400 Baronets more than the firft intended number; that is in all, above 700 , who are poffeft one with ano- ther of about 1200 /. a year in Lands. Of Knights above 1400, who one with another may have about 800 l. Lands a year. Of Efquires and Gentlemen above 600 0 , each one poffeft one with another of about 4007. a year in Lands, befides younger Brothers,, whofe number may amount to about if coo in all England , who have fmal! Eftates hi Lands , but are commonly brdd up to Di¬ vinity t Law, Phyfick, to Court, and Mi¬ litary Employments , but of late too many of them to Shop-keeping. The Lands in the potfeffion of the Low¬ er Nobility will amount to- about lour Millions and fixty thoufand pounds yearly. Next 326 efferent State Next to the Lower Nobility and the firft Degree of the Commons or Plebeans , are the Freeholders in England , common¬ ly called Yeomen from the High Dutch Gemen or Gemain , in Englifh Common ; fo in the Kings Court it fignifieth an Offi¬ cer , which is in a middle place between a Sergeant and a Groom, or elfe from the Low Dutch Teaman , Some body , aa the Spaniards calls a Gentleman Hidalgo , Hijo £ algo, that is tke Son of fome body. The Yeomanry of England having Lands of their own to a good value; and living upon Husbandry, are lookt upon as not act to commit or omit any thing that may endanger their Eftatcs and Cre¬ dits, nor apt to be corrupted or fuborned, Vc. wherefore they arc judged fit to bear fome Offices, as of Conftable , Church¬ warden , to ferve upon Juries, to be Train-Soldiers, to vote in the Election of Knights of the Shire for Parliament, Vc. In Cafes and Caufes the Law of Eng¬ land hath conceived a better opinion of the Yeomanry that occupy Lands, than cf Tradefmen, Artificers or Labourers. Husbandry hath in no Age rendred a Gentleman ignoble nor uncapable of places of Honour. Amongft the Romans fome of the grea- teft Didtators and Confuls had been once Husbandmen, and fome of them taken from Plowing their Ground, tobearthofe Higheft Offices and Dignities; fo divers ^rinses, Kings and Emperours > haveex- ercifed, tf Gfttgtattfc 52 7 ercifed Agriculture, and the Grand Scipio and the Emperour Dioehjtan left their Commands to enjoy Husbandry. By the Statutes of England certain Im¬ munities are given to Free-holders and Landed Men, though they are not Gen¬ tlemen : Vide St at. i Jacobi , cap, 27. ££ alibi Of the Free-holders in England there arc more in number and richer than in any Countrey of the like extent in Europe , 40 or 5 01 . a year a piece is very ordinary, 1 00 and 200 l. a year in fome Counties is not rare , fometimes in font 1000 l. and 1500/. Beftdesthefe Freeholders (which arefo called , becaufe they hold Lands or Tene¬ ments inheritable by a perpetual Right to them and their heirs for ever) there are in England a very great number of Copi- holders , who hold Lands within fome Mannors onely by Copy of Court Roll of the faid Mannor , and have Jut perpe* tuum & utile Dominium , though not iAUq* dium direBum Dominium . , which Free¬ holders may improperly be faid to have, but properly none in£»g/*»»d,butthe King hath. Amongft the Commons of England , in the next place , are reckoned Tradefmen, amongft whom Merchants of Foreign Traf- fick have. for their great benefit to the pub- lick , and for their great endowments and generous living, been of belt repute in England , and although the Law of England look upon Tradefmen and Chapmen that live live by buying and felling, as a bafer fort of people , and that a Ward within age may bring his Aftion of Diiparagemcnt againft his Guardian for offering any fuch in Marriage ; yet in England as well as Italy , to become a Merchant of Foreign Commerce , without ferving any Appren- tifage, hath been allowed no difparagement to a Gentleman born , efpecially to a younger brother- Amongft Tradefmen, in the next p'ace r are Whole Saiemen, then Retailers, laftly, Mechanicks or Handicraftfmen. Thefc are all capable of bearing feme Sway or Office in Cities and Towns Corporate. The loweft Member,the Feet of the Body Politick, are the Bay-Laborers } who by their large Wages given them, and the Cheapnefs of all NerelTaries, enjoy better Dwellings, Diet, and Apparel in England, then the Husbandmen do in many other Countreys. Liberties and Prizi ledges. As the Clergy and Nobility have certain Privileges peculiar tothcmu-Ives, fo they have Liberties a„d Properties common to the Commonalty of England The Commons of England for Heredi¬ tary Fund-iinenral Liberties and Properties are bleft above and beyond the Subjefts of any Mtnarck in -he World Firft , No Freeman of England ought to kiii.pruoned. or othc r w uereftr lin ed, w it h- ef CnglatM ^2f ©ut caufe Ihewn for which by Law he ought tobefo imprifoned. Secondly, To him that is imprifoned, may not be denyed a Writ ofHabcetf Corpus, if it be defired. Thirdly, If no caufe of Imprifonmett be alledged, and the fame be returned upon an Habeas Corpus , then the Ptifoner ought to be fet at liberty. Fourthly, No Soldiers can be quartered m the Houfe of any Freeman, in time of Peace, without his will; though they pay for their quarters. Fifthly , Every Freeman hath fuch a full and abfolute propriety in his goods,that no Taxes, Loans, or Benevolences, ordinarily and legally can be impofed upon them, without their own confent by their Repre* fentatives in Parliament. Moreover, They have fuch an abfolute Power , that they can difpofe of all they have how they pleafe, even from their own Children,and to them, in what inequality they will, without (hew¬ ing any caufe ; which other Nations gover¬ ned by the Civil Law, cannot doe Sixthly , NoEngliftinian may be preft or compelled (unlefs bound by his Tenure) te march forth of his.County ) to ferve as a Soldier in the Wars,, except in cafe of a Foreign Enemy invading, or a Rebellion at home; Nor may he be fent out of .the Realm againft his will, 'upon any Foreign Employment , by way of an honorable Ba- nifliment. Seventhly , No Freeman can be tryed, but by his Peers 3 nor condemned but by the. ^pepjercnt State tReLaws or the Land, or py an-Aft-of Parliament- Eightly , No Freeman m^y be finedjor any Crime, but according to tlx Merit of the Off-nce , always Salvo Jibi content- mento fuo , in fuch manner, that he may continue and go on in his Calling. Briefly, If it be confidered onely, that ordinarily trey are fu'ojeft to no Laws, but what they make ihcmfelves, nor no Taxes but what they iirpofe themfelves, and pray the King and tl.eLordstoconfentunto,their • Liberties and Properties mull be acknow¬ ledged to be tranfcendent and their world* ly condition mod happy and blelfed ; and fo far above that of the Subjects of any of our Neighb .ur Nations , that as all the Women of Europe would run into England (theParadife of Women) if there were a Bridge made over the Sea: fo all the Men too, if there were but an Aft for a general Naturalization of all Aliens. CHAP. XVI; Of the Women of England. T ouching the Women of England, there are divers things confiderable in the EnglifhLaws and Cuftoms; Women in England , with all their movea¬ ble Goods, fo fo on as they are Married , are wholly in pouf.ats viri , at the will and difpofition of the Husband. Cf CttglattH . 5 551 If any Goods or Chattels he given to Feme Covert to a Married Woman , they all immediately become her Husbands. She cannot let, fet, fell, give away, or alie¬ nate any thing without her Husbands con- fent. Her very necelfary Apparel by the Law is not hers in property. It lhe hath any Tenure at all, it is in Capite , that is, lhe holds it of and by her Husband , who is Caput multerU and therefore the Law faith Vxor fulgetradiU mariti. All the Chattels perfonal the Wife had at the Marriage, is fomuch her Husbands, that after his death they (hall not return to the Wite: but go to the Executor or Ad- miniftrator of the Husband, as his other Goods and Chattels, except only her Pa- rapherna , or prater detalia , which are her Necelfary Apparel , which with the confcnt of her Husband lhe may devife by Will; not otherwife by our Law; becaufe the property and poifeffion even of the P*' rapherna arc in him. The Wife can make no Contraft with¬ out her Husband s confent , and in Law matters fine viro refponden non potefi. The Law of England [uppofes a Wife to be in fo much Subjection and Obedience to her Husband , as to have no will at all of her own Wherefore if a Man and his Wife commit a Felony together , the Wife by the Law can be neither Principal nor Accelfary, the Law fuppofing that in re¬ gard of the Subjection and Obedience lhe owes in owes to her Husband , Ihe was seceffita- ted thereunto. The Law of England fuppofes in the Huf- band a power over his Wife, as over his Child or Servant, tocorrefther when file offends; and therefore he muff anfwer for his Wives faults, if Ihe wrong another.by her Tongue or by Trefpafs; he muff mak< farisraftion. So the Law makes it as high a Crime, and allots the fame punilhment to a Wo* man that flia’-l kill her Husband, as to a Woman that lhall kill her Father or Ma¬ iler, and that is Petty Treafon,tobe burnt alive. So that a Wife in England is it jure but the beft of Servants, having nothing her own in a more proper fenfe than a Child hath, whom his Father fuffers to call ma¬ ny things his own, yet can difpofe of no¬ thing. The Woman upon Marriage lofeth not only the power over her pcrfon and her will, and the property of her Goods, but her very Name 5 for ever after ftie ufeth her Husbands Surname, and her own is whol¬ ly laid afidc; which is not obferved in trance and other Countries , where the Wife fubferibes her felt by her Paternal Name ; as if Sufanna the Daughter of R. CUjfurd be married to E. Chamberlayne , fhe either writes her felf Sufanna Clifford^ or elfe Sufanna Clifford Chamberlayne. Notwithftanding all which, their condir tion deftSo is the beft in the World ; for fuch is the good nature of Englilhmen to¬ wards of €u$att&* 3^ wards thci'r Wives, fuch is their tendernefs and refpeft, giving them the uppermoil place at Table and elfewhere , the right hand every where , and putting them upon no drudgery and hardfhip j that if there were a Bridge over into England as afore- faid , it is thought all the Women in Europs would run thither. Befides in fonie things the Laws of Eng¬ land are above other Nations fo favourable to that Sex, as if the Women had voted at the making of them. If a Wife bring forth a Child during her Hufbands long abfence , though it be for fome years , yet if he lived all the time within this Ifland , he mull Father that Child 5 and if that Child be her firftborn Son, he fhall inherit that Husbands Eftate if entailed, or left without Will. If a Wife bring forth «i Child begotten by another before Marriage , but born after Marriage with another Man , this jater muft own the Child , and that Child ftnll be his Heir at Law. The Wife after her Husbands death ha¬ ving no joynture fetled before Marriage» may challenge the third part of his yearly Rents of Land during her life, and within the City of London a third part of all hes Husbands moveables for ever. As the Wife doth participate of her Husbands Name , fo likewife of his Con¬ dition. If he be a Duke, ihe is a Dutch* efs; if he be a Knight, fhe is a Lady > if he be an Alien made a Denifen , ihe isipfo faSo £6 too. If a Freeman marry a Bond-? woman. 33 4 CBercefcnt State woman, flic is alfo free during the Cover' ture; whereof alfo itis faid as before, Vx - or fnlget radiit Marin. All Women in England are comprifed under Noble or Ignoble. Noble Women are fo three manner of ways, viz. by Creation, by Defcent, and by Marriage. The King, the Fountain of Honour, may , and oft hath created Women to be Earonelfes, Counteffes, Ducheffes C ic. . By Defcent fuch Women are Noble, to whpm 1 nds holden by fuch Dignity do de- fcend as Heir ; for Dignities and Tides of Honour for want of Males, do fometimes defcend to Females; but to one of them onely , becaufe they are things in their own nature entire , and not to be divided amongft many (as the Lands and Tene¬ ments are wnich defcend to all the Daugh¬ ters equally y ) befides by dividing Digni¬ ties, the Reputation of Honour would be loft , and the Strength of the Realm im¬ paired ,• for the Honour and Chivalry of the Realm doth chiefly coniift in the Nobility thereof. By Marriage all Women are Noble, who take to their Husbands any Baron or Peer of the Realm y but if afterwards they marry to Men not Noble, they lofe their former dignity, and follow the condition of their later Husband ; for eodemmoio dijjolvttur arum NobilitOf , quo conjiilu - itur. ' But Women Noble by Creation , or Defcem , or Birth-Right, remain Noble, though they marry Husbands under their degree j ofCttgianti. degree 5 for fuch Nobility is accounted CbaraUer tndekbilk. Here note , that by the Courtefie of England a Woman No¬ ble onely by Marriage always retaincthher Nobility; and fo the Widow of a Knight married to any inferiour perfon, retained by Courtefie the Title and Name gotterf by her former Husband ; but if the kings Daughter marry a Duke or an Earl , ilia femper dicitur Rcgalit , as well by Law as Courtefie. Note alfo that any Woman who is No* ble by Birth, if (he be married to a Baron, takes place according to the Degree of her Husband, though fhe be a Dukes Daugh¬ ter, but if lhe marry to one under thofe of the higher Nobility , as to a Knight or a Gentleman , then by courtefie place is gi¬ ven according to her Birth and not her Husband- Noblewomen in the eye of the Law arc Peers of the Realm , and are to be tryed by their Peers, and to enjoy molt other Priviled 0 es . Honour , and Refpeft as their Husbands: Only they cannot by the opinion of fome great Lawyers maintain aH Adion upon the Statute De Scandals Magnatum , the Makers of that Statute meaning only to provide in that Cafe for the Great Men , and not for the Women, as the words of that Statute fecra to im¬ port. Likewife if any of the Kings Ser¬ vants within his Check Roll Ihould con- fpire the death of any Noblewoman, this were not Felony, as it is, if like Confpi- racy be again!! a Nobleman. 32S Wpjefent state None of the Wives iligni'ties can cofte by Marriage to their Husbands, although all their Goods and Chattels do ; onely the Wives Dignities with her Lands, are to defcend to her next Heir : yet is the Cour- tefie of England fuch , that as the Wife for her Dower hath the third part of her Kuf- bands Lands during her life ; fo the Huf- band for the Dignity of his Sex,and for get¬ ting his Wife with Child (which muft ap¬ pear by being born alive) fhall have all his Wives Lands (for his Dower, ifitmaybe fo called) during his Life. By the Coriftitutions of England marri¬ ed perfons ate fo fall joyned, that they may not be wholly feparated by any agree* ment between theiiifelves, but only byfen- tence of the Judge; and fuch reparation is either a Vinculo Matrimonii , and that is ob fra-contraBuw , vd ob contraUum per mtliiin effcUum , vd ob frigiditatem, tel ob effimtatem , five Cunfangulnitatem , vel cb Sctzhiam ; or elfe fuch reparation is a Mcnfia C? Tkoro , and that is ub t Adulten - um. The Wife in England is Recounted fo much one with her Hmband , that fhe can* not be produced as a Witnefs for or againft her Husband. CHAP. XXI. of Children. T He Condition of Chilcfrtfti in England is different from thofe in onr Neigh¬ bour Countries. As Husbands have a rtwre abfolute Au¬ thority over their Wi ves and their Eftates, fo Fathers have a more abfolute Authority over their Children. Fathers may give all their Eftates un-intailed from their own Children, and to any one Child, and non? to the reft; the confideration whereof keeps the Children in great awe. Children by the Common taw of Eng¬ land are at certain ages enabled to perform certain Afts.. A Spn at the Age of 14 ttfay chufehis Guardian , may claim his Land holden in Socage^ may confent to Marriage , may by Will difpofe of Goods ahd Chattels'. At the Age of 15 he ought to be fworn to his Allegeauce to the King. At 11 he is faid to be of full Age , may then make any Contrafts, may pafs not on¬ ly Goods but Lands by Will, which in 0*, ther Countries may not be done till thoj lAnnus Conftjientia , the Age of 25 when -1 the heat of youth isfomewha: abated , and ■■ they begin to be ftayed ir. mind as well as in $j 8 c&e$erent®tate A Daughter at 7 years is to have aid of her Fathers Tenants to marry her, tor at thofeyears fhe may ctmfent unto Marriage though the may a.'erwards d.iient. At 9 (he is Dowabic, as it then, or foon after (he could -Arum jujiinerc , and there* by Doiem f>romtrcri. Ax 12 (he is enabled to ratifie and con' firm her former confent given to Matrimo¬ ny , and if at that Age (he dilent not, file is bound for ever 9 (he may then make 2 Will of Goods and Chanels. At 14 (he might receive her Lands into her own hands, and was then our or Ward- (hip, if (he was 14 at the death of her An- cefior. - At 16 (thou, h at the death of her An* eeftor (he was under 14^ (he‘was to be out of Wardihipj becaufc then fhe mi^ht take a Husband who might be able to perform Knights-ferv'ce- At zi (he i.- enabled to contraft or alie¬ nate her Lands’ by Will or otherwife. The cldeft Son inherits nil Lands, and to the Younger Children are difpofed Goods and Chattels , and commonly the eldeft Son’s Wives Portion ; and betides they are carefully educated in fome Profeifion or Trade. If there be no Son, the Lands as well as Goods are equally divided amongft the Daughters. CHAP. of €itn;lattfc '339 CHAP. XXII. Of Servants. T He Condition of Servants in England^ is much more favourable than it was in otir Ahcellors daycs , when"it was fo bad , that England was called the Purga¬ tory of Servants, as it was and is (till the ■Paradife of Wives ■, and the Hell for Horfes. Ordinary Servants arc hired commonly 'for one year, at the end whereof they may be free (giving warning three Mcneths be¬ fore) and may place thcmfelve.- with other Mailers; onelyit is accounted difeourteous and unfriendly to take another Mans far- vantbefore leave given by his former Mailer; and indifereet to take a Servant without Certificate of his diligence and of his fairht'ulnefs in his Service to his former Mafter- All Servants are fubjeft to be correfted by their Mailers and Mitlrelfes, and refin¬ ance in a Servant, is piinifhcd with fevere penalty but for a Servant to take away the life of his or her Mailer or Miftrcfs, is accounted a Crime next to High Trcalon, and called Petty Treafon, and hath a pecu¬ liar Punilhment Capital. * Foreign Slaves in England are none,fincc Chriiiianity prevailed. A Foreign Slave brought into England . is upon landing tp(b CL 540 €ljep?ew State fSo free from Slavery, but not from ordi- nary Service. Some Lands in England are holden in Vidanage , to do fome particular Services, to the Lord of the Mannor, and fuch Tc* n.mtsmay be called the Lords Servants. There is a Twofold Tenure called 171- lanagc, one where the Tenure onely isfer- vile, as to Plough the Lords Ground,fow, reap , and bring home his Corn , Dung his Land, E5e. The other, whereby both Per- fon and Tenure is fervilc, and bound in ail -refpefts at the difpofition of the Lord* fjch Perfons are called in Law , Ewe Vil¬ lains , and are to do all Villanous Services to improve the Land he holds to the Lords ufe, tncmfelves to be wholly at the Lords fervicc , and whatever they get is for their Lord : Of fuch , there are now but few ' left in England. The neareft to this con* -dition , are Apprentices, (that fignifies Learners ) a lort of Servants (that carry the Marks of Pure Villains or Bond-flaves (as before in the Chapter or Gentry is in-* timated ) differing however in this, That Apprentices are Slaves onely for a time , and by Covenant; the other are fo, at the vti.l of their Milter. CHAP. et Citgim 541 CHAP. XXIII. Of the ROYAL SOCIETY. H Aving in this fmall Trentife hadoc- cafion to make known to the World, liy Name, our Princes, Prelates, Nobles, Great Officers of State, Privy Counfellors, Principal Courtiers, our Judges, Serjeants at Law, Civilians, Or. all now living , it will not be altogether impertinent to add hereunto not onely the Names of all thofe worthy Governors and eminent Profeffors in our two famous lliiivcrfities, but alfo all thofe who of late have lifted themfelves for promoting that admirably ingenious defign for bettering the condition of humane lire, by a vigorous advancement of Real Know* ledge, and a fpeedy Improvement of Arts and Sciences : Of whofe Inftitution, Pro- grefs, and many very ufeful Difcovcries , take this brief Acconnt, extrafted m part out of that Excellent Hiftory written by Dr. Sprat. The firft Affembly which laid the Foun¬ dation of this Royal Society was (fomc years before the happy Reftauration ot our dread Soveraign CRlAHLES the Second) at Waltham Colledge in Oxford , in the Lodgings of Dr. Wilkins , late Lord Bifhop of Cbejlsr , where did then ufua'.ly meet Q. 2 Dr. Seth Cfje pjefcnt State Dr. Seth iTarJ, now Lord Eilhop of Salts- bur-. , the Honourable Robert Boyle, Sir l ; P iy, Mr. KatthzvWrcn, Dr. Viallit , Dr. GsJJarJ , Dr. Willis , Dr. F ro \ D in of Wells , Dr. Chri- ji'.yher Vi;en , now His Majcftics Surveyor; Mr. Rook , and tome others ; all perfons of incomparable worth. Afterwards a- bout the year 165 s ? many 01 l ^ cm ^ lv ’ n 8 m London had a Meeting at Grejham Cob ledge , and this Meeting was augmented Ly the acreflion of the Lord Vicount Brounker, Lord BrereUn , Sir FaitlKcil, Mr. John Eielyn , Mr. Ibomtu Henjkaw , Mr. Henry Slingsby , Dr. Umoihy Clerk , Sir George Ent , Mr. Will. Ball , Mr. hah am Hill , Dr. Croon , and divers other eminent perfons , till that wonderful Paci¬ fic!: year 1 66z ; then the defign being la¬ boured by fume ingenious worthy Perfons, who to their Immortal Honour had follow- cd the King in his Exile , at length His Majefty raking notice thereof, wasgr.aci- oufly pleafed fo far to favour and encou¬ rage it, as to grant a large Charter, bear¬ ing date the ~th of iAfrili66% , where¬ by they were made a Corporation to confiit or a Prefident , of a Council , and of Fellows, tor promoting the knowledge of Natural Things and lifeful Arts, by Ex¬ periment , wnerein His Majelty declares hirafelf to be Founder and Patron , grant¬ ing them power to purchafe Lands and Hoafes , to have a Common Seal , a Coat of Arms, two Secretaries, two or more Curators of Experiments, one or more Clerks, of €ti0tonli. 145 Clerks and two Sergeants at Mace to make Laws, Statutes, Orders, and Con. ftiturions among themfcIves, to have one or more Printers and Gravers , with a potvcr to print what they fhall fee good, to take and anatomize dead bodies of Perfons who have been put to death by Order of Law , to creft Colltdges, Cfe. The Office of the Prefident is to call and diifolve the Meetings, to propofe the Mat¬ ter whereon to confider, to put Queltions, to call for Experiments , to admit the Members that from time to time ihall be defied , CSV. The Trcafurer receives and disburfes ali* Moneys. The Secretary reads al! Letters and In¬ formations , replies to all AddrelTes and' Letters from Foreigne Parts , or from o- thers, takes notice of the Orders and Ma¬ terial Paffages at the Meetings, Regifters all Experiments, all certain Informations, all Conclufions, C?c. Publifhes whatfoe- ver is ordered and allowed' by the Soci¬ ety. The Curators or Expcrimentors are to receive the direftions of the Society , and at another Meeting bring all totheTeft, and the Society judges thereof , whereby the World may have the Concurring Tefti- mony of many Perfons of undoubted Cre¬ dit for the Truth of whatever they Ihall publifh. Their manner of Elefting Fellows, is according to the Venetian way , by Ballot¬ ing. At one AfTembly the Candidate is Q-3 pro-- 544 W P2crent State propofed by fame that know him well; at the next he may be put to the Scrutiny, for which the Candidate mud have the major number ot 21 Suffrages at the lead , and then at that or the next Affcmbly , he may be introduced and folemnly admitted by the Prefident. At his Admiffion he fu'o- icribes this Promiie following: Viz- That ** ) T atour to promote the good oj the Royal Societv of London for the Improve- t \-tural Knwilcige. After this he may at anytime free himfelf from this Ob- lication onc'y by fignitying under his hand to the Prefulcnr that he defires to v.ith-draw from the Society. When any one is admitted , he pays to the Treafurer onely 40 s. and then 1 3 s. a quarter fo long as he continues a Member of the Society. Their Meeting was before the Dreadiul Fire at Grefham Colledge in London every. Wednefday at three of the Clock in the Afternoon , and fmcc by the favour of the prefent Lord Henri Howard , Earl Marfltal of England, at Jmidcl Houfe , the fame day and hour. The Delign of the Royal Society is in brief to make faithful Records of. all the Works of Nature or of Art , which can. come within their reach , tharfo the pre¬ fent Age and Poderity may be able to put a Mark on the Errors which have been ftreng- ihened by long Prefcription; to redore the Truths that have been neglefted , to pufli on thofe which are already known , to more various ufes ; to make the way more paya¬ ble to what remains unrevealcd.yTc. The of Citslmttb 345, The buftnefs of their Weekly Meetings is to order, to take account, confider and 1 difcourfe of Philofophical Experiments and Obfervations ; to read, hear, and dif¬ courfe upon Letters from all Parts,ReportSj and other Papers, containing Philofophicah Matters; to view and difcourfe upon the Produdtions and Rarities of Nature and Art, to confider what to deduccdrom them, how they may be improved for the benefit? of Mankind , which is their main aym. In their difcourfing they lay afide all fet Speeches and Eloquent Harangues (as fit to be banifht out of all Civil Alfemblies, as a thing found by woful experience, efpe- cially in England, fatal to Peace and good Manners) and every one endeavors to-ex- prefs his opinion or defure in theplainefr and moft concife manner. But the great Queltion amongft fome men at prefent is, What hath this Royal Society^ done all this while ? which for the fatis'.aftion of thofemen fhall here receive fuch an anfwer as the intended brevity of this Book will allow. The Royal Society then fince their firlt InlHtution hath made a vaft number of Ex¬ periments in almoftall the Works of Na¬ ture, they have made particular enquiries into very many things of the Heavens as well as of the Earth, Eclipfes, Comets, Meteors, Mines, Plants, Animals, Earth¬ quakes , Fiery Eruptions, Inundations: Of Lakes, Mountains, Damps, Subterra¬ neous Fires: Of Tides, Currents, and Depths of the Sea , and many hundred o- 0^4 thee ■ 540 pjcfent thc-r things. They have compofed many excellent fhort Histories of Nature , of Arts, of Manufactures, and of Works, thereof fomc are extreme curious. In a word , the Difcoveries- and Inventions made by but three perfons of this Soc'eryj z;z- the Honourable Rub. Boyle , Dr- Chri- fivpker IVnn . and Mr. Rob. Hook , if well confdered / feem to furpafs the Works of many fore-going Ages. But what advantage and benefit appears • after fo many Meetings ? It u true they have made many Experiments of Light (as the Excellent Lord Eicon calls them) and perhaps not fo many Experiments ot Bruit or Trof.t , yet without doubt fome may hereafter find out no final! ufe and benefit,, even in thofe Experiments of Light which now feem onely curious and- delightful;. but it is alio as true that the Royal Society hath made ?. great number of Experiments, and Inventions, very profitable and advan¬ tageous to Mankind. They h-ive mightily- improved the Naval, Civil, and Military Architedure. They have advanced the Art, Conduit,and Security of Navigation. They have nor onely put this Kingdom upon Planting Wood-, Groves, Orchards, Vine¬ yards, Ever-Greens ,but alfo Ireland, Scot - land, 2\:co England , Virgin;i , Jamaica,. Barbados ; all our P.antations begin to feel the Influences of this Society .- They have awakened the whole Civilized , Lcttred, and Intelligent World, fo that in nil Coun¬ tries they begin to be much more intent up¬ on Exporimental Knowledge and Practical Studies, of ettgfcm ^ 47 ' Studies, upon New Inventions and Difco* veries, which the Authors of them always recommend to thisSociety, tobcexami¬ ned , approved , or corrcfted ; fo that if any of the prefent Englifh Nation be fo blind , as not to fee the ufefulnefs of this Society, Pofteriry and Foreigners will to their fliame acknowledge it with grati¬ tude. To conclude, They have Regiftred Ex¬ periments , Hiftorics, Relations, Obfer- Vations, c 5 V. reducing them into one Common Stock , and laying them up in • Publick Regifters, to be nakedly tranfmit- • ted to the next Generation of Men , and foto all Pofteriry , they have laid a folid ■ Ground-work for a vaft Pile of Experi¬ ments, to be continually augmenting rho- ■ row all future Ages. A thing if begun in • the time of the Learned Greeks or Ro- ■ mans, nay if it had been begun but in the very laft Refurreftion of Learning in this laft Age, what.wonders'it would : in all probability by this time have produced i What Depth of Nature would now have been unfathomed , what Faculty of the Soul would be now in the dark t What" part of Humane Infirmities would not have' been provided againft ? Moreover , The Royjl Society for the - Advancement of this Noble Deiign , hath begun a Library", to conittf oncly of fuch Authors as may be ferviceabk to that Jc- fign ; toward) wiuAi the prefent Earl Mar* - fhalot Lnghml hath been pleafed to ■ lie- - flow on the Society, the whole utirunde- ■ CL 5 54§ €!)£. patent State liar, Library , with a free permiffion of changing fuch Books as are not proper for their Work: whereby in a fhort time they will be able to fhew a Compleat Collection of all that hath been publifht in Antient and Modern Languages, which either re¬ gard the Productions of, Nature or the Ef* lefts of all Manual Arts. At Grejbam C.olledge (in the Cuftody of that mod ingenious Difcoverer and in¬ defatigable Experimenter Mr. Robert Hook ) is their Rcpofttory , the free and bountiftd Gift of Daniel Coho all Efquire , the pre- fent Treafurerof thefaid Society, wherein are to be feen many Thoufands of- great Rarities, fetched'(fome of them ) from the fartheft Corners of the HabitableWorld,. as Beads, Birds, Fiihes, Serpents, Flies, Shells, Feathers, Seeds, Minerals, Earth fome things Petrified , others Ofiified Mummies, Gums y He. Divers of which, have been fince added, by other worthy Members of that Society , and by other- ingenious Perfons; and in a fhort time, is like to be ( if not already ) one of the. larged and moft curious Collections of the Worksof Nature in the World. A UST m A LIST of the ROYAL SOCIETY in Alphabetical Order* H is Sacred Majcfty, King CHARLES'. the-Second, Founder and Patron. His Royal Highnefs James Duke of York. HisHighnefs Prin ccRujicrt, Count Fa* hunt of the Rhine. His Highnefs Verdinanioilbert, Dukel,' -BrnnfwtYfc and Lunenburgb. Robert , Earl of «. AlUhury. Archibald, Earl of <_/4rg<7>„ James, Eatl of uinglefey, J~nmes, Lord uinnefley, William t Aglionby , M. D- James ^Arderne,. D. D. 2 borrntf i Aden, M- D- Elias lAjhmole Efquire. Sir Robert Atkins Knight. Monfieur i Adrian uzonCt John ^Aubrey Efquire. George , Duke of Buckingham WfUiatrij Lord Vkouct.Br 0 «»f&tv George- 5 jo ^ije.p?efettt state George, Lord Berkley. Wham, Lord Breretan.* Sir John Banks Knight and Baronet. Nicholas J'Efquire. Vhoaas Bains M. D. EhowafBaEEhqmtc. filer Ball M. D. Ekomas Barrington Efquire. Ifaac Barrow D. D. ’Ralph Bathwfi M. D. John Beal D. D. Vidor Beaufort. Monfieur 1 heodore de Beringben. Sir Charles Berkley Knight of the Bath. Sir John Birkenhead Knight. Esbert-Royle Efquire. Join Brook Efquire. Edward Brown M- D. David Bruce M. D. Monfieur ljhmael Bu'dialdus. Mr. Gilbert Burnet. Sir Edward Byffht Knight. C. Gilbert t Lord Archbilhop of Canterbury. Edward , Earl of Clarendon. Charles , Earl of Carlijle. John , Earl of Craford and Lindfey. YiiEiam , Lord Cavend (h- Charles, Lord Clifford. Mr. James Carkejfe. George Cafile D, M, Sig. Giovanni Caffini- Mdmrd ChamUrlayne L. L. D. Sir orengianfc ssi Sit Winjion Churcbil, Kt. Henry Clark, M. D. George Code, Efq,- Colonel Ibomas Collepyr. Mr. John Collins. John Colwal , Efq; Daniel Colonial, Efq; Sir Richard Corbet, Kt Edward Cotton, D. D. A. D. of Corn.- Peter Courtbope , Efq; Ibomas Cox, M. D. Ibomas Cox, Efq; Daniel Cox, M. D. John Creed, Efq; Ehomas Crifpe, Efq;. William Croon, M. D. Don <.Alvarez de Cunha- Sir- William Citrtius, Knight and Baro- Sir John Cutler, Knight and Baronet. D. j Henry, Marquis of Dorcbefter. William, Earl of Devonjhire. ) Edward, Earl of Dorjet. ? Monfieur Vital de Damas■ ^ John Downs, M.D. j Benjamin, LordBilhopof Ely- Sir George Ent, Kt. John Evelyn, Efq; F- Matt*' F. Maurice, Ford Vifcount Fitz-Harding- Sir Francis Fane Kt. of the Bath. Monfieur le Feburc. Sir John Finch, Kt. Henry Ford Kt. Sir Bernard Gafcon,. Kt. JoJeph Glamile B. D. Francis Glijfon, M. D. Jonathan Goddard, M. D. Sir William Godolpkin, Kt. Major John Grsunt. Mr- James Gregory. Nebsmias Grew, M- D. Henry Howard^ Earl of Norwich. Henry Lord Howard of Cajlk Rifing. Ikeodore Haak } Efq ; William Hammond, Efq; Sir Erafmus Harby, Bar. Sir Edward Harky Kt. of the Bath.. Sir Robert Harley, Kt. Fhomas Harky, Efq; Sir James Hayes, Kt- Gujlazus -Hehhjcld. Nathaniel Henjbaw, M. Hi Thomas Henjbaw, Efq; Join Heveltus, Confulof Datitz- ' 'Ey b anus Hr arm. tAhaksm> 0f€tigianu> tjilraham Hill, Efqj James Hoar, Efqj William Holder, D. D. 'Robert Hook, M. A. John Hoskins, Efq; uintbuny Hemcck, M. A- Ibomas Howard of Norfolk. Charles Hovsari of Norfolk. Edward Hovlard of Norfolk. William le Hunt, Efqj Monfieur Ckriftian Hugens de Zuliihm- K. Alexander Earl of Rjncardin. Edmund King,. M. D- Robert, Earl of Lindfey r Lotd Great Cham* bcrlain. Humphrey, Lord Bifhop of London. !Thomas Lake, Efqj; Sir Ellis Leighton, Kt. Monfieur Lcscnbergh, Refident of Sweden; John Lock, Efqj James Long, Efqj Richard Lower, M- D» Si: John Lewther, Kt. ^Anthony Lowther, Efqj Sir Kwgmil Lucey, Kt. and Baronet! Monfieur Hugues Lovis de Lyonnc. Martin Lyfer, r Efqj. Siguior MmtVm MtifitfifKl* D. Doa 3SP €ije parent state Don Gif par de Mas, I. V. D/ Mr. Nicholas Mercator. Cbrifiophcr Merrct , M. Q. Sir Rohr Mora)', Kt. Henry More, D. D- Jaynes du Molin , M. D- N. Earl of Northampton: Jafpar Needham, M. D. Walter Needham , M- D. Sir Paul Neil , Kt. Ihomas Neil, Efq; Edward Nelthrop , Efq; n Newburgh, Efq; Mr. I/.ucfc Meraton. Sir Tr.omas Nott, Kt. 0 . hie nr) Older.lurgh, Efq; Nicholas Oudart, Ffq; P. Hcnr), Earl of Peterborough. Philip Packer, Efq; Samuel, Parker, D. D- Sir Ror-r Pafwn. Knight and Baronet. John Peirfiti, D. D. P.-tf. D. D. Samuel Pepjs, Efq; Monfieur P/erre Petit. Sir Wham Petty, Kt. Sir Peter Pctt, -Kt.' of atglantr; , Peter Petty Efq; Walter Pope, M. D- Sir William Portman Knight and Baronet, and Knight of the Bath. Brands Pottery B. D. Thomas Purely Efq; Sir Richard Powle Knight of the Bath, Henry Powle, Efq; R. Richardy Lord Vicount Ranelaugh. John Lord Roberts, Lord Privy Seal. John, Lord Bifhop of Rochejler . Robert Redding, Efq; Colonel Bttllen Reymes, Paul Ricauty Efq; S. ^Anthony, Earl of Shafisbury Lerd Chan* cellour. William, Earl of Strafford. William, Lord Vifcount Stafford. Seth, Lord Bifhop of Salisbury. Monfieur William Scbrotey. Sir James Shaen , Knight and Baronet. Philip Skippon, Efq; Sir Nicholas Slanning, Kt. Henry Slingsby, Efq; Brands Smethwick , Efq; George Smith, M. D. William Soam, Efq; c Alexander Stanhope , Efq;. Thomas Stanley, Efq; Sir Robert Southwell, Kt. Thomas Sprat, L). m S5<5 €8e parent state Sir Nicholas Stewart, Bar. John, End of 'hafoie. Sir Gilbert Talbot, Kt. Sir John Talbot, Kt Ckrijhpher Tern, M. D. Thomas Thyme, Efq; John Tillotpor, , D- D. Dean of Canterbury. Mahcki Trufian, M.D. Sir Samuel Tuke , Kt. TrsncUVernon, Efq; Monfieur Ifaac VoJJius. Sir This fore fo Faux Kt. Cornelius Fennuyden, Efq, W. Lord Bifhop of Wintm. Edmund Vr aider, Efq/ John Wallis, D-D- Efau lYard,- M. A. Dar.icl lYhifUer. Sir John Williams, Kt. and Bar. Sir Jofeph Willtamfon, Kt. Thomas Willis, M D. litlham Winds, 7 Jofcph Wintbep, >Efquires> SamuelWooJfordy J Benjamin JYoodroof, D. D- John Vfray, M. A- Chrifiophr Wren, L. L. D. Them as Thomas Wren, M. D. Sir Cyril Wyche, Kt- Sir Peter Wyche, Kt. Edmund Wylde, Efq# Richard, Lord Archbifhop of Turk. Jobn^ Lord Tcjicr. A Lift of the pnfent COUNCIL of the ROYAL SOCIETY in Alphabetical Order. W illiam Lord Vicouut ErmnkerJPxz^ fident. William ^ dcrskin, Efqj James uirdcrne, D r D» George Lord Berkeley. Daniel ColwalRIqy Treafurcr. William Croon, M.D. Edward, Earl of Dorfet. John Evelyn, Efq; Jonathan Goddard, M, D. t, Abraham Hill , Efq; John Hoskins, Efq; Charles Howard, of Norfolk. John Lock, Efqi Sir John Lowther, Kt. Earl Marlhal. Sir Robert Moray. Sir Paul Neil. Henry Oldenburgh Efq; Secretary. Samuel Pepys, Efqj 35 8 C&e-^erent State Lord Biinop of Salisbury- UiHUti: Lord Vicount Suffuri. Ey the foregoing Lift the Reader may take notice, that as our Famous King Ed- vsari the Third , who was Founder and Soveraign of the Noble Order of the Gar¬ ter j yet for the encouragement ot Valojt and Valiant Perfons, was pleafedto conde- fcend to nuke himfelf oneot the 16 Fellowsj fo our Gracious Soveraign King Charles the Second , tor the promoting Arts and Sci¬ ences , and to encourage Learned and Vir¬ tuous Men , hath been pleafed after the ex¬ ample of the greateft and mail renowned Monarchs that ever were in the World , not ondy to Found and Patronife this mo ft ingenious Inftitution, but even to Enrole himfelt one of the Number. The Reader may alfo perceive by this Lift, how many Sober, Learned , Solid , Ingenious Perfons, of different Degrees, Religions, Countrcys, Prordfions,Trades, and Fortunes , have united and confpired, laying afide all Names of Diftinftion, ami¬ cably to promote Experimental Know¬ ledge. The ofCnsfanti. The Names and Titles of the Governors of the feverdl C'(/Hedges and Halls' i» Oxon. D Oftor Fell, Dean of Cbrijl-Church. Dr- Clerke, Prefident of Magdalen- CoHedge 9 F. R. S. Dr. Woodward , Warden of New-Cel- ledge. -Dr. James, Warden of tJll-Souls. Sir Thomas Clayton, Warden of Merton. Dr. Newlin, Prefident of Cortus-Chrijli. Dr. Barlow, Provoft of Queens. Dr. Mew, Prefident of SlJobns. Dr. Bathurfi, Prefident of ln'nity,F. R.S. D. Tates, Principal of Brafen-Nofe. Dr. Say, Provoft of Oriel. Dr. Ironftde, Warden of Wadhatn. Dr. Marfhal Reftorof Lincoln. Dr. Clayton , Matter of Vnwerfity Col- ledge , Dr. Berry, Reftor of Exeter. Dr. Goode, Matter of Baliol. Sir Lionel Jenkins, Principal of Jtfus. Dr. Hall, Matter of Pembroke. Dr. Hide, Principal of Magdalen-Hall. Dr. Tttlly, Principal of Edmund-Hall. Dr. Lamping !:,Principal of t Albon-Hall . Mr. Stone, Principal of New- Inn. Dr. Eaton, Principal of Glocefter-Hall. Dr. Cn/wder, Principal of S. Mary-Halh Dr. Lamphire, Principal of Hart-Hall- 359 360 ^ijEpiefeitt State Tht Names of {be Profeffm Hud LeUfa rtrsin Oxon. Dr. lAlh* Brol. Ibeologid Doniina Margarita. Df. Barium. Reg. Profeffor Medicina, Dr. Hide. Reg. Prufef. juris Civilis , Dr. Boucher ; Pub. Orator. Dr. South. Lingua Hebraica P. Reg. Dr. facade. Lingua Graca Pruf. Reg. Dr. Levins. PrakBor %Anatom. Dr. fempfun, PrakBor Hiftoria , Dr. Lamphire. Bra!. Natur. Philof. Dr. Willis , F. R. S. Pral. iJjlean.DvWren, F.R.S. Prdl. Geomet. Dr. Wallis, F. R. S. PrakBor Moral. Philof. Mr. Hodges, Ch.Cb. 1 PreleSor Eotan, D. Morifin. A Catalogue of the Maflers of allthe Colledgeswd MhintkVmverft) of Cambridge. S T. Peters-Colle 3 ge,J)t. Beaumont, D.D. Clare-Hally Dr. Dillingham, D. D. Pembroke-Hall, Dr. Mapletot't, D. D. Corpus Chrifti-CoUcdge , alias Benncu ■dolledge. Dr. Spencer, D. D. Trinity-Ha}^ Br. King, Dr. in Law. Gonville & Caias-CelledgejQt&xoA'jyM.D. f\ings-ColledgCy Dr. Fleetwood., D. D. Huens-Colleige) Dr. Wells, D. D. S. fjitberine-Hally Dr. Lightfoot, D. D. JeJ'us-ColleigCy Dr. Baldero, Z>. D. Cbrifts-Colleige , Dr. Cud worth, D. D. S.Johns-CelledgC) Dr. Turner, D.D. Magdalen-Colledge, Dr. Duport, D. D. Tr'mty-Colleigey Dr. Pierfon, D, D. Emamel-Colledge, Dr- Britton, D. D. Sujfex and Sidney-Colledge , Dr. Min* 362 Cfje $ereitt ©tate The Names of the ?hU\c\ Profeffors in the Vniverfitj of Cambridge. D Oftor Gumr.ng , the Kings ProfetTor in Divinity,and Bifltop of Ck:chefl»\ Ur. Picrfo the Lady Margarets Prot'cf- for in Divinity, F. R. S. Dr. dark; , Profeifor in the Civil Law. Dr. G’flJjn, Profeffor in Phyfick, F. R. S, Dr. UiJJn'ugtoii, Publick Orator. Dr. Newton. the Matheimtick ProiefTor, F. R. 5. Dr. GiJioarth, the Hebrew ProfefTor. Mr- Crestoii) the Greek ProfclTor. Br. Ctftel, Arabiek ProfclTor FINIS.