COLUMBIA LIBRARIES OFFSITE 
 
 AVERY FINE ARTS RESTRICTED 
 
 AR00896136 
 
 a $b ma tort 
 
 3 
 
 1 -9 
 
 ■9 
 
lEx IGtbrifi 
 
 SEYMOUR DURST 
 
 When you leave, please leave this book 
 
 Because it has been said 
 " Ever'tbinc) comes t' him who waits 
 
 Except a loaned book." 
 
 Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library 
 Gift of Seymour B. Durst Old York Library 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2013 
 
 http://archive.org/details/historyofwashingOOunse 
 
of tbe 
 
 Washington Brcb, 
 
 Washington Square, IRew Igovk, 
 
 including tbe 
 
 Ceremonies of Xapino tbe Corner-stone 
 anb tbe 2>eoicatton. 
 
 * 
 
 Edition de %\xxc. 
 
iforfc & Garnett, publisher?, 
 
 Hew l£orh. 
 1896. 
 
preface. 
 
 r ^,HE names of those who, by their patriotic gener- 
 ^ osity, gave to the great City of New York the 
 magnificent Monument of which the following history 
 treats, should have gone down to posterity inscribed upon 
 the enduring marble of which it is constructed. But 
 their number being so great as to render this impossible, 
 it was thought that an event of such great historical 
 interest should be commemorated in the hearts and 
 homes of those who contributed to its success by this 
 Edition de Luxe, which can be placed in the library of 
 each contributor and handed down from father to sou 
 as an evidence of the patriotic impulse of the present 
 generation. 
 
 THE PUBLISHERS. 
 
HE Washington Arch, which was dedicated May 
 4th, 1895, with very splendid ceremony, is a po- 
 litical ornament to the city as well as an artistic orna- 
 ment. It is a good thing to have here and to look at 
 forever. It cost a large sum of money, which was sub- 
 scribed without a thought of celebrating anything ex- 
 cept the man and the idea represented, Washington 
 and the United States. This was public spirit of the 
 purest kind ; and it is no more than justice to say that 
 for this noble Monument the City of New York and the 
 American people are indebted chief!}' to the persistent 
 and enthusiastic labors of the Treasurer of the Arch 
 Committee, Mr. William Rhinelander Stewart. 
 
COMMITTEE ON ERECTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 WASHINGTON ARCH, 
 
 AT 
 
 WASHINGTON SQUARE. 
 
 officers: 
 
 HENRY G. MARQUAND, RICHARD W. GILDER, 
 
 CHAIRMAN. 
 
 LOUIS FITZGERALD, 
 
 SECRETARY. 
 
 WILLIAM R. STEWART, 
 
 VICE-CHAIRMAN. TREASURER. 
 
 FINANCE COMMITTEE! 
 WILLIAM R. STEWART, EDWARD COOPER, 
 
 TREASURER. 
 
 CHARLES S. SMITH. 
 
MEMBERS OF THE CENTENNIAL COMMITTEE 
 ART AND EXHIBITION. 
 
 ON 
 
 HJALMER H. BOYESEN. 
 JOHN L. CADWALADER. 
 WILLIAM A. COFFIN. 
 WILLIAM E. DODGE. 
 ALEXANDER W. DRAKE. 
 GORDON L. FORD.* 
 RICHARD \V. GILDER. 
 DANIEL HUNTINGTON. 
 
 HENRY G. MARQUAND. 
 FRANCIS D. MILLET. 
 OLIVER H. PERRY. 
 CHARLES H. RUSSELL. 
 F. HOPKINSON SMITH. 
 LISI'ENARD STEWART. 
 RUTHERFORD STUYVESANT. 
 
 ADDITIONAL MEMBERS. 
 
 EDWARD D. ADAM S. 
 JOHN JACOB ASTOR, Jr. 
 S. D. BABCOCK. 
 CLARENCE W. BOWEN. 
 GROVER CLEVELAND. 
 EDWARD COOPER. 
 ROBERT W. DE FOREST. 
 LOUIS FITZGERALD. 
 RICHARD M. HUNT. 
 
 EUGENE KELLY.* 
 LEVI P. MORTON. 
 THEODORE W. MYERS. 
 JACOB H. SCHIFF. 
 CHARLES S. SMITH. 
 WILLIAM R. STEWART. 
 WILLIAM L. STRONG. 
 RUSSELL STURGIS. 
 JENKINS VAN SCHAICK. 
 
 Deceased. 
 
 6 
 
THE WASHINGTON ARCH, 
 
 IN WASHINGTON SQUARE, NEW YORK. ERECTED TO 
 COMMEMORATE THE ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 OF THE INAUGURATION OF GEORGE WASHINGTON 
 AS FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 T^NURING the early months of the year 1889 much 
 C 1 ^-, interest was shown by the people of the City of 
 New York in the approaching celebration of the Centen- 
 nial of the Inauguration of George Washington as first 
 President of the United States, April 30, 1789. When 
 it had been decided that the route to be taken by the 
 first procession should be up Broadway from Wall 
 Street to Waverley Place, down Waverley Place, along 
 the north side of Washington Square to Fifth Avenue, 
 and thence up Fifth Avenue to Central Park, with the 
 same route reversed for the second procession, a res- 
 ident on the Square, desiring to make its decorations 
 a marked feature of the occasion, determined that, if 
 possible, a Triumphal Arch should be erected near the 
 point where the Avenue enters the Square. Accord- 
 ingly Mr. Stanford White, Architect, a member of the 
 firm of McKim, Mead & White, was requested to pre- 
 
 7 
 
pare designs. Mr. White entered enthusiastically into 
 the project, and undertook, from motives of public 
 spirit, to contribute designs, and to superintend the erec- 
 tion of the Arch without charge. 
 
 The neighborhood of Washington Square and lower 
 Fifth Avenue was then, as now, the oldest residential 
 quarter of New York, the tide of change which had 
 swept northward over the city having left it compara- 
 tively undisturbed. From long residence and interest 
 in the locality, there had developed something of the 
 feeling of public spirit and local pride, more usually 
 found in smaller municipalities, so that unity of action 
 was more readily attained, it is believed, than could 
 have been secured in the newer quarters of the city. 
 Believing in the existence of this neighborly feeling, 
 the originator of the enterprise, shortly before the de- 
 signs were completed and the contract signed, drew up 
 and privately circulated from house to house a subscrip- 
 tion paper, of which the following is a copy : 
 
 "It is proposed to erect a Triumphal Arch, under 
 which the procession in celebration of the Centennial 
 of the Inauguration of President Washington will pass 
 on the 30th of April next. 
 
 " Designs for this Arch are in course of prepara- 
 tion by Mr. Stanford White, Architect, who has kindly 
 consented to prepare them, and has offered his services 
 without expense. 
 
 " The Arch will be erected in accordance with one 
 of Mr. White's designs, at such point upon Fifth 
 
 8 
 
WASHINGTON ARCH, (North View.) 
 
Avenue between Washington Square and 14th Street, 
 as he may advise. 
 
 " The route of the procession is not, as at first 
 announced, up Broadway to 14th Street, but is up 
 Broadway to Waverley Place, down Waverley Place to 
 Fifth Avenue, and up Fifth Avenue to 59th Street. 
 
 " The Arch to be erected will be paid for by 
 voluntary subscriptions, and the design will be selected 
 during this present month in accordance with the 
 amount subscribed. 
 
 " Subscriptions will only be sought from residents 
 on Waverley Place, Washington Square, and Fifth 
 Avenue, from the Square to 14th Street. 
 
 "You are respectfully invited to subscribe to the 
 fund. Cheques may be sent to order of the under- 
 signed, as Treasurer of the fund, or, if cash be sub- 
 scribed, it may be handed to the bearer. In either case, 
 it is requested that the name of the subscriber and 
 amount of the subscription be entered in ink on the 
 following subscription list." 
 
 Dated New York, March, 6th, 1889. 
 
 WM. R. STEWART, 
 
 17 Washington Square. 
 
 This appeal elicited generous response, and the 
 names of the subscribers to the fund for the erection 
 of the temporary Triumphal Arch and their residences 
 are here given, as in the future they may have his- 
 torical interest: 
 
 9 
 
Belknap, Mrs. A. B., 46 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Brevoort House, 15 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Butterfield, Daniel, 60 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Butterfield, Mrs., 60 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Chickering, C. F., 5 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Coddington, Miss Maria F., 42 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Cooper, Edward, i 2 Washington Square. 
 
 Cross, R. J., 6 Washington Square. 
 
 Dana, Paul, i Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Davis, John H., 24 Washington Square. 
 
 De Rham, Charles, 24 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 De Rham, C, Jr., 24 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 De Rham, Miss, 24 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Duncan, W. Butler, i Fifth Avenue. 
 
 D wight, Theodore W., 19 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Dyer, Marv J., 28 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Edison United Mfg. Co., 65 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Foster, Frederic de P., 23 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Foster, Giraud, 23 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Francklyn, Charles G., 15 Washington Square. 
 
 Gautier, D. G., 32 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Gautier, J. H., 32 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Green, Mrs. John C, 10 Washington Square. 
 
 Hunt, R. M., 2 Washington Square. 
 
 Jewett, H. J., 1 Washington Square. 
 
 Johnston, John Taylor, 8 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Kelly, Eugene, Jr., 19 Washington Square. 
 
 Kennedy, Miss R. F., 41 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Lawton, James M., 37 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Lawton, Mrs. James M., 37 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Livingston, H. T., 20 Washington Square. 
 
 Mackey, Oscar T. 
 
 Maitland, Robert L., 55 Fifth Avenue. 
 March, Mrs., 26 Washington Square. 
 
 10 
 
Merritt, Mrs., 37 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Minturn, Mrs. John W., 22 Washington Square. 
 
 Morgan, Mrs. P., 27 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Norris, Joseph P., 36 Washington Square. 
 
 Partridge, Edward, L., 19 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Pearsall, Miss Phebe, 3 Waverley Place. 
 
 Peckham, W. M., 31 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Reed, Mrs. John Van D., 4 Washington Square. 
 
 Remsen, Mrs. H. R., 44 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Rhinelander, The Misses, 14 Washington Square. 
 
 Robinson, E. R., 23 Washington Square. 
 
 Robinson, J. P., 30 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Roe, Mrs. Stephen R., 40 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Runyon, Charles, 25 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Sallinger, Edward, 64 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Sickles, Daniel E., 23 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Stewart, Mrs. Lispenard, 6 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Stewart, Lispenard, 6 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Stewart, William R., 17 Washington Square. 
 
 Strong, Charles E., 16 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Tailer, Edward N., i i Washington Square. 
 
 Talbot, Mrs. C. N., 62 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Waterbury, J. M., 43 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Wetmore, Mrs. Samuel, 15 Waverley Place. 
 
 Wilkes, Miss, 16 Washington Square. 
 
 Wilson, William G., 33 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Witherbee, Frank S., 4 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Work, Mrs. John C, 10 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Worthington, Charles C, 27 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 The total amount collected was $2,765, which sum 
 was sufficient to pay for the structure ; a balance of 
 $66.50 remaining was turned in to the Treasurer of the 
 Washington Arch Fund. 
 
 1 1 
 
Mr. White prepared and submitted three designs 
 to Mr. Stewart, and they agreed in selecting that which 
 was afterwards followed in the erection of the Arch. 
 Specifications having been prepared and estimates made 
 upon them, the contract was awarded to Joseph Cabus, 
 the promoter of the enterprise being named as party 
 of the first part. Several permits, which it was found 
 necessary to obtain from the municipal authorities, were 
 also given to him. 
 
 The Arch was erected on Fifth 'Avenue, spanning 
 it from curb to curb about 100 feet north of Washing- 
 ton Square, between the residences of Hon. Edward 
 Cooper, formerly Mayor of the City, and the Misses 
 Rhinelander. As to some extent its design suggested 
 that of the marble Arch now standing in the Square, 
 the following description, prepared by the architect at 
 the time, is added : 
 
 " The Arch is built entirely of wood and is orn- 
 amented with a frieze of garlands and wreaths of 
 laurels in papier mache. It is painted ivory white. As 
 far as possible for so temporary a structure, the design 
 follows the regular type of classic arch. It spans the 
 roadway, and, to avoid obstructing the sidewalk, the 
 piers have not been made quite as wide as the structure 
 would naturally call for in the matter of proportion. 
 The idea has been to carry out a type of architecture 
 which prevailed during colonial and Washington's own 
 time, and which belongs more naturally to this country 
 than any other; the private residences on both sides 
 
 I 2 
 
WASHINGTON ARCH, (South View.) 
 
are somewhat of this order of architecture, and details 
 of both have been reproduced in the Arch. 
 
 "The dimensions of the Arch are as follows: Width 
 of archway, 41 feet ; height to spring of Arch, 22 feet; 
 height of archway, 43 feet ; height to cornice, 55 feet ; 
 entire height, inclusive of statue on apex, 71 feet; entire 
 width of Arch, 51 feet." 
 
 A statue of General Washington ten feet high stood 
 upon a pedestal on the apex of the Arch, of carved wood, 
 painted ; it represented the Father of his Country in 
 Continental uniform, blue dresscoat with brass buttons, 
 buff breeches and riding boots. The right arm was 
 extended by the side, and the left, holding a cocked hat, 
 rested lightly on the hip. This statue is said to have 
 been erected on the Battery in 1792, and the first erected 
 in this city ; it certainly bears evidence of great age. 
 At the foot of the statue was a large trophy of American 
 flags, and four large bunches of flags arranged as trophies 
 on the sides of the Arch at its spring contained — alter- 
 nating with our own national emblem — the flags of those 
 foreign nations from which our population has been 
 mainly recruited by immigration. Upon either keystone 
 perched a fine stuffed specimen of the American bald- 
 headed eagle, the larger of the birds measuring 7 feet 
 6 inches from tip to tip. 
 
 In the adjoining yard of the Misses Rhinelander 
 a dynamo was erected temporarily, and from this wires 
 were carried to the Arch, which at night was brilliantly 
 illuminated by the Edison incandescent electric light, 
 
 13 
 
several hundred lights being so arranged as to bring 
 out in glittering relief the outlines of the structure and 
 its decorations. 
 
 Great pains were taken by those interested in the 
 erection of the Arch to make it as perfect as possible in 
 its decorations, and the owners of residences on either 
 side of it erected large stands covering their court-yards, 
 which were draped in red to give relief to the dead 
 white of the Arch, and so to enhance its effect. The 
 city authorities erected public stands along the north 
 side of Washington Square, and many private stands 
 were built by the owners of houses opposite, so that 
 when the military on the first day of the celebration, 
 leaving Broadway to march down Waverley Place to 
 Fifth Avenue, passed between two rows of decorated 
 stands from University Place to Fifth Avenue, where 
 it passed under the Arch, a wonderfully brilliant effect 
 was produced. The stands continued in solid line to 
 Eighth Street. For several following nights the illumi- 
 nation of the Arch by electricity attracted crowds to the 
 neighborhood and presented a beautiful sight. 
 
 By general consent the Washington Triumphal Arch 
 was proclaimed the most artistic and successful structure 
 of a temporary kind ever erected in America for any 
 celebration, and unstinted praise was given to the 
 residents of the neighborhood, who were said to have 
 set a rare and worthy example of public spirit and 
 patriotism. The press of the city with one accord 
 called upon the committee which had charge of the 
 
 14 
 
centennial celebration to take steps to perpetuate the 
 Arch in stone as a monument of the event just cele- 
 brated. On May 2d the Centennial Committee on Art 
 and Exhibition recommended to the Committee on Plan 
 and Scope " the formation of a special committee for 
 the purpose of erecting in Washington Square, at the 
 entrance of Fifth Avenue, the Arch designed by Stan- 
 ford White for the Centennial Celebration of the In- 
 auguration of Washington." May 4th the Committee 
 on Plan and Scope referred the matter back " to the 
 individual members of the Art Committee for them to 
 organize a special committee if they see fit, in order 
 to carry out the object proposed as a permanent rec- 
 ognition of the event commemorated." May 6th the 
 members of the Art and Exhibition Committee and a 
 number of others met and organized a " Committee for 
 the Erection of the Washington Memorial Arch." 
 Henry G. Marquand, Chairman of the Art and Exhibi- 
 tion Committee, was made chairman of the new com- 
 mittee ; Gen. Louis Fitzgerald, Vice-Chairman ; Richard 
 Watson Gilder, Secretary, and William R. Stewart, 
 Treasurer. Several gentlemen elected members of the 
 committee declined to serve, and the final membership 
 will be given later. At this first meeting of the com- 
 mittee it was decided, by formal resolution, that the 
 Arch should be erected of marble in or near Wash- 
 ington Square, that Mr. Stanford White should design 
 it, and that it should be called the "Washington Me- 
 morial Arch." It was further decided to appeal to the 
 
 15 
 
public for $100,000 with which to build the Arch and 
 for $50,000 for its decoration. 
 
 These resolutions, passed at the first meeting of 
 the committee, were wise and timely, and settled many 
 questions which, if left open to discussion, would have 
 seriously interfered with, if not imperilled the success 
 of the enterprise. The architect, site, and cost, were 
 agreed upon in advance, before appeals for the fund 
 began, and subscriptions were received only in conform- 
 ity with these resolutions. After the meeting several 
 thousand dollars were subscribed by members of the 
 committee who were present. 
 
 On account of many objections to the site de- 
 termined upon by the committee, it was found difficult 
 to obtain subscriptions with the help of trade or other 
 organizations, and the fund was begun, and mainly 
 completed, by the individual efforts of a few members 
 of the committee, who sought large subscriptions by 
 personal visits and letters. The fund reached $10,000 
 on the 10th of May, 1889, $20,000 on the 14th, $30,000 
 on the 21st, and $40,000 on the 31st. The terrible 
 calamity at Johnstown, in the Conemaugh Valley, by 
 which several hundred people lost their lives by 
 floods, occurred on the 31st of May, and the appeal 
 for the relief of the survivors was recognized by the 
 Arch Committee as paramount to its own objects. 
 From this date until September active work was thus 
 necessarily suspended, and the occurrence of the ca- 
 lamity at this time prevented the speedy completion of 
 
 16 
 
the fund. The people of New York City during this 
 period contributed a vast sum for the relief of the 
 sufferers by the floods. 
 
 With September a strong effort was made by the 
 Treasurer to revive interest in the Arch Fund, and on 
 the 5th of that month it reached $50,000. At a meeting 
 of the committee, November 1st, 1889, the Treasurer 
 stated that he would be obliged to go abroad for rest 
 at an early day, to be absent for several months, and 
 that he felt it his duty to tender his resignation, which 
 the committee very generously laid upon the table. 
 During his absence the active work of raising the fund 
 was continued from his office, and on the 20th of No- 
 vember it amounted to $60,000. 
 
 By the payment of twenty-five subscriptions, amount- 
 ing in all to $1,010, obtained through the public-spirited 
 effort of Mr. Clarence W. Bowen, not then but sub- 
 sequently a member of the committee, the fund reached 
 $70,000 on the 8th of February, 1890. 
 
 From the inception of the enterprise the "Commercial 
 Advertiser," an evening newspaper, had been foremost 
 of the city press in giving its time and space to its 
 promotion, reserving a certain place in its columns daily 
 for items relating to the Arch Fund, and invariably 
 publishing all subscriptions. The Treasurer's custom 
 was to send daily from his office to the leading news- 
 papers statements of subscriptions received and items of 
 interest. The " Commercial Advertiser " undertook to 
 raise $1 each from 1,000 women, and completed its 
 
 17 
 
patriotic effort April 5th, 1890, when the names of the 
 1,000 subscribers were published in one list, at the 
 head of which were the names of Mrs. Grover Cleve- 
 land and Mrs. Levi P. Morton. 
 
 On the 19th of May the books show that the fund 
 reached $80,000. 
 
 The committee determined that when $60,000 were 
 subscribed subscriptions should be called in, and active 
 work upon the structure begun. In April, 1890, the 
 contract for preparing the foundations was awarded to 
 David H. King, Jr., the well-known builder of the 
 Pedestal of the Statue of Liberty and of many great 
 commercial and other buildings. On the 30th of April, 
 the first anniversary of the Centennial Celebration, 
 ground was broken by Henry G. Marquand, Chairman 
 of the Committee, without formal ceremony, in the pres- 
 ence of Messrs. Edward Cooper, William E. Dodge, 
 R. W. Gilder, Richard M. Hunt, Eugene Kelly, General 
 Fitzgerald, and others of the committee, Stanford White, 
 the architect, David H. King, Jr., the builder, and 
 J. Hampden Robb, Park Commissioner. Work upon 
 the foundations was pushed, and they were completed 
 within a month. 
 
 Imposing ceremonies attended the laying of the 
 corner-stone on Decoration Day, May 30, 1890. The 
 National Guard of the City of New York, commanded 
 by General Fitzgerald, marched between the stands which 
 had been erected. A vast concourse of citizens sur- 
 rounded the spot. Henry G. Marquand, chairman of 
 
 18 
 
the committee, acted as Master of Ceremonies. Bishop 
 Henry C. Potter opened the exercises by prayer. Fol- 
 lowing this a hymn, especially written for the occasion 
 by Robert Underwood Johnson, was snug by the 
 Oratorio and other singing societies, in all 200 voices, 
 led by Frank H. Damrosch. Addresses were made by 
 Henry G. Marquand and Waldo Hutchins, representing 
 the Park Commission, and the chorus sang patriotic airs. 
 The oration was then delivered by George William 
 Curtis, who concluded it with a quotation from Wash- 
 ington's Address, delivered in the Constitutional Con- 
 vention, u Let us raise a standard to which the wise 
 and the honest can repair. The event is in the hands 
 of God." These words, at Mr. Curtis's suggestion, have 
 been inscribed on the large panel of the attic on the 
 south front of the Arch. 
 
 The actual ceremonies of laying the corner-stone 
 were then conducted in accordance with the Masonic 
 ritual by the Grand Lodge. The Rev. Robert Collyer, 
 Grand Chaplain, used in the service the Bible on which 
 Washington took his oath of office, and from it read 
 the chapters of Genesis which, as he explained, had 
 been read at Washington's inauguration. A copper box 
 containing coins, medals, newspapers, and articles re- 
 lating to the Arch and the committee, was deposited in 
 a receptacle provided for it, the architect, Stanford White, 
 offered the plumb, level and square for testing the 
 stone, which was then partially lowered, Grand Master 
 John W. Vrooman, with a silver trowel, presented to 
 
 19 
 
him by the committee, laid the mortar above the re- 
 ceptacle, and the stone was then lowered into its place. 
 After the stone had been tested and pronounced truly 
 laid, prayer was made by Grand Chaplain Collyer and 
 an address delivered by Grand Master Vrooman. This 
 concluded the ceremonies, which were witnessed from a 
 stand erected by the committee b}' a number of dis- 
 tinguished persons, including President Cleveland, then 
 ex-President, and Mrs. Cleveland, Mr. and Mrs. Charles 
 S. Fairchild, William E. Dodge, Mr. and Mrs. Richard 
 Watson Gilder, Mr. and Mrs. Edward Cooper, Lispenard 
 Stewart, John Jacob Astor, Jr., Charles H. Russell, Mr. 
 and Mrs. Frank S. Witherbee, Augustus St. Gaudens, 
 Eugene Kelly, Mr. and Mrs. Butler Duncan, Theodore 
 W. Myers, Samuel D. Babcock, Daniel Huntington, 
 Donald McNaughton, Bishop Henry C. Potter and 
 Mrs. Potter, Charles S. Smith, William L. Strong, John 
 A. King, Rutherford Stuyvesant, Mr. and Mrs. Frederick 
 G. Lee, and many others. 
 
 Several months were spent after the corner-stone 
 had been laid in the perfecting of the final designs for 
 the superstructure of the Arch, in the preparation of 
 specifications, and in tests of marbles submitted from 
 different quarries. The marble finally selected was 
 from the Tuckahoe Quarry, in Westchester Count}-. 
 
 The Treasurer of the fund returned from Europe 
 in September, 1890, and at once resumed the task of 
 completing it. He laid the first block of marble, which 
 was set on the 2 2d day of December, 1890, on the south- 
 
 20 
 
westerly angle of the westerly pier, and, weather per- 
 mitting, work upon the structure was continued during 
 the Winter. The contract for the Arch, exclusive of 
 the carving upon it, was awarded to David H. King, Jr., 
 who, from public-spirited motives, agreed to build the 
 Arch for cost, waiving his usual commission of ten per 
 cent. ; Mr. King gave the contract for the marble to 
 James Sinclair & Co., and for setting it to David 
 Angus ; the brick filling of the Arch was done by em- 
 ployees of Mr. King. 
 
 The fund reached $90,000 on the 10th of Feb- 
 ruary, 1891 ; on the 14th, at the sale of pictures of 
 George I. Seney, the proceeds of two of them, $1,550, 
 were given to the fund, this being the largest indi- 
 vidual subscription to date. The piers of the Arch, 
 which were then about ten feet high, were decorated 
 with flags at half-mast for the funeral procession of 
 General Sherman, which passed the site in February. 
 The growth of the Arch fund was impeded at this 
 time by the raising of a fund of $50,000 for a statue 
 to General Sherman in this city. 
 
 Early in April, when the piers had reached a 
 height of about 25 feet, work upon them was suspended 
 for the construction of a substantial scaffold, 28 feet 
 high, which entirely surrounded both piers, and fur- 
 nished a covered roadway for the passage of traffic 
 between them ; the erection of this scaffolding was 
 ordered by the City Government, and its cost, about 
 $4,000, was an item which had not entered into the 
 
 21 
 
estimates of the committee. On the completion of this 
 platform, which required a month to build, steam power 
 and derricks were placed upon it, and work upon the 
 structure was more rapidly pushed. 
 
 The sum of $100,000, originally estimated to be 
 sufficient to complete the Arch, without decorations of 
 statuary, was subscribed by the 29th of April, 1891, and 
 two years from the date of the Centennial of Washing- 
 ton's Inauguration the original fund was fully raised 
 and the structure well under way. Revised and final 
 estimates showed that it would be necessary to increase 
 the fund to $128,000 in order to finish the Arch in 
 accordance with the finally accepted and detailed de- 
 signs submitted by Mr. White, which were approved 
 at a meeting of the committee on the 6th of May, 
 1 89 1. This increased cost was partly owing to the 
 greater size of the structure over that at first proposed, 
 and partly to the enrichment of the sculpture. This 
 estimate, it should be remembered, was exclusive of 
 the cost of the groups of statuary not yet designed in 
 detail. It therefore became necessary to continue the 
 work of raising the fund. 
 
 The piers were completed and the first springer 
 stone was set on the 19th of May, 1891 ; the key- 
 stone of the north front was set on the 17th of July, 
 and that on the south front shortly afterward. By 
 December 15th of that year the structure had been 
 carried to a height of 63 feet 6 inches, or 4 feet above 
 the cornice ; the soffits, or interior decoration of the 
 
 22 
 
Arch, and the keystones were carved in the marble 
 yards before being set, as was also the cornice ; the 
 frieze was carved in place. By the close of the year 
 the structure was carried to the base of the attic cor- 
 nice, and then covered for the Winter. 
 
 The fund reached $110,000 on the 28th of January, 
 1892. At a meeting of the committee, on the 13th of 
 March, the inscription was approved for the large 
 panel of the attic on the north front : " To commem- 
 orate the one hundredth anniversary of the inaugura- 
 tion of George Washington as first President of the 
 United States." 
 
 M. Ignace Jan Paderewski, the great Polish 
 pianist, had made a tour of the United States during 
 the winter of 18,92, and was everywhere enthusiastically 
 received. Desiring to testify his appreciation of the 
 hospitality received in America, he volunteered to give 
 a farewell concert for the benefit of the Arch Fund, 
 and engaged the Metropolitan Opera House for this 
 purpose. Colonel Henry Higginson, of Boston, offered 
 to give the services of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, 
 under the leadership of Arthur Nixisch, conductor, to 
 contribute to the success of this event. It was stated 
 that the eminent pianist intentionally selected the Arch 
 Fund as his beneficiary, as it had a national sentiment. 
 This benefit concert took place on the evening of 
 March 27th, and its gross proceeds, through the public 
 spirited action of the persons named, and Messrs Stein- 
 way & Sons, piano manufacturers, who paid all other 
 
 23 
 
expenses, added $4,500 to the fund, which on March 
 29th passed $120,000. 
 
 The work of completing the Arch was resumed in 
 March, 1892, the interior chamber roofed, and the 
 cornice of the attic set, with the exception of three 
 stones which were prepared to be put in place with in- 
 formal ceremony. The stairs were not built at that 
 time in the westerly pier, and access to the roof of the 
 Arch, a height of about 75 feet, could only be had by 
 climbing ladders. For this reason no formal ceremonies 
 could be held. On the 5th of April a group of men, 
 having scaled the ladders, assembled on the roof of 
 the Arch to witness the laying of the last stones. 
 These were three marble blocks of the top course of 
 the attic on the south front, over the easterly end of 
 its middle panel. The first of these was set by 
 Richard Watson Gilder, the secretary of the committee; 
 the second by Stanford White, the architect of the 
 Arch ; and the last by William R. Stewart, the origin- 
 ator of the enterprise and treasurer of the fund, who, 
 striking the stone with the mason's mallet, said: "This 
 is the last block of marble of the Washington Arch, 
 of which the first was set December 2 2d, 1890. I de- 
 clare that it is well aud truly laid. ' Finis coronat 
 opus.'" The initials of the gentlemen who set the 
 stones were cut in the joints. There were present, 
 besides the persons named who laid the stones, James 
 Sinclair and John J. Sinclair, of the firm who supplied 
 the marble ; C. Wilson Atkins, representing David H. 
 
 24 
 
TROPHY PANEL, NORTH PIER. 
 
King, Jr., the builder; William Angus and David 
 Angus, of the firm which set the stone ; Thomas F. 
 Keating, Hamilton G. King, and Frank Boyer, of the 
 office staff of the treasurer ; Clarence L. Cullen, of the 
 "New York Times;" Frederic N. Peck, of the "New 
 York World;" E. G. Burroughs and J. S. Pughe, of 
 the "New York Recorder;" and P. G. Duffy, watch- 
 man. The actual work of lowering the last three 
 stones was done under the direction of Adolph Bell, 
 foreman, by Peter McNiven, Dan. Barnetson, William 
 Budge, Ben. Bain, and Michael Millett, stone-setters. 
 A photographer from Pach Brothers was present, and 
 took groups of the Secretary, Treasurer, and Architect, 
 and of all persons assembled on the roof of the struct- 
 ure. The photographs were taken by the second 
 photographer sent, the first being unable from vertigo 
 to ascend the ladder. 
 
 At the time the last stone was set the fund 
 amounted to $121,907.50. 
 
 The structural completion of the Arch within less 
 than three years of the inception of the enterprise 
 elicited favorable comment from the press, and was a 
 cause of rejoicing to all who had contributed to 
 accomplish this result. 
 
 At the time the committee was constituted as 
 follows : 
 
 25 
 
COMMITTEE ON ERECTION OF THE WASHING- 
 TON ARCH AT WASHINGTON SQUARE. 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Henry G. Marquand, Chairman. 
 
 Louis Fitzgerald, Vice-chairman. 
 
 Richard W. Gilder, Secretary. 
 
 William R. Stewart, Treasurer. 
 
 FINANCE COMMITTEE. 
 
 William R. Stewart, Treasurer. 
 Edward Cooper. Charles S. Smith. 
 
 Members of the Centennial Committee on Art and Exhibition. 
 
 Hjalmar H. Boyesen, 
 John L. Cadwalader, 
 William A. Coffin, 
 William E. Dodge, 
 Alexander W. Drake, 
 Gordon L. Ford, 
 Richard W. Gilder, 
 Daniel Huntington, 
 
 Additional Members 
 
 Henry G. Marquand, 
 Francis D. Millet, 
 Oliver H. Perry, 
 Charles H. Russell, 
 F. Hopkinson Smith, 
 Lispenard Stewart, 
 Rutherford Stuyvesant. 
 
 Edward D. Adams, 
 John Jacob Astor, Jr., 
 Samuel D. Babcock, 
 Clarence W. Bowen, 
 Grover Cleveland, 
 Edward Cooper, 
 Robert W. de Forest, 
 Louis Fitzgerald, 
 Hugh J. Grant, Mayor, 
 Richard M. Hunt, 
 
 Eugene Kelly, 
 Levi P. Morton, 
 Theodore W. Myers, 
 Jacob H. Schiff, 
 Charles S. Smith, 
 William R. Stewart, 
 William L. Strong, 
 Russell Sturgis, 
 Jenkins Van Schaick. 
 
 26 
 
No changes had been made during the three years 
 in the officers or list of members formerly on the Cen- 
 tennial Committee on Art and Exhibition ; many 
 changes, however, were made from time to time in the 
 list of additional members ; of those named above 
 Messrs. Gordon L,. Ford and Eugene Kelly have since 
 died. 
 
 The Secretary's minutes show that meetings of the 
 Committee were held May 7th, May 10th, May 14th, 
 May 29th, September 18th, October 2d, and November 
 1st, 1889; January 16th, April 25th, May 30th and 
 December 2d, 1890. In 189 1 the Committee met March 
 1 2th, at which meeting the word "memorial" was by 
 resolution omitted from the designation of the Com- 
 mittee and the monument ; May 6th, November 30th, 
 and December 14th. In 1892, meetings were held Jan- 
 uary 1 2th and March 28th, no other meetings being 
 held until March 15th, 1895. The meetings of 1889 
 and 1890 were held in various places; subsequently the 
 place of meeting was the office of the Treasurer, 54 
 William Street. 
 
 In April and May of 1892 over $1,300 were added 
 to the fund through the public-spirited efforts of Mrs. 
 Simon Sternberger, a Hebrew, who, unsolicited, ob- 
 tained subscriptions to that amount from women of 
 her own race. 
 
 The Arch was decorated with flags in honor of 
 the ceremony of laying the corner-stone of the tomb 
 of General Grant, on the 27th day of April, 1892, and 
 
 27 
 
again on the 30th of April, the 103d anniversary of 
 the inauguration of President Washington and the third 
 anniversary of the inception of the enterprise for its 
 erection. At this time the unsightly scaffolding which 
 for more than a year surrounded the structure had 
 been taken down. By dint of hard work the last 
 timbers were removed on the 29th of April, and on 
 the third anniversary of the Centennial of 1889 an un- 
 obstructed view was first had of the completed Arch. 
 The fund then amounted to $125,308. The stairs of 
 110 steps had been built in the westerly pier, the 
 roof completed, and the panels of the attic carved, and 
 the following work remained to be done for the dec- 
 oration of the structure : Two marble eagles, in pro- 
 cess of being carved after designs by Martini, to be 
 put in place, and the four trophy panels and four 
 spandrels to be carved in relief. During the progress 
 of work upon the Arch man}- photographs of it were 
 taken by the Treasurer, some of which in reduced size 
 are used to illustrate this sketch. 
 
 By the 1st day of June, 1892, the fund of $128,000 
 for the erection of the Arch was completed by a sub- 
 scription of $130 from the members of the office staff 
 of McKim, Mead & White, of which firm the architect, 
 Mr. Stanford White, was a member. Owing to many 
 unforeseen events, it proved to be much more difficult 
 to raise the fund than was at first supposed. The 
 calamity at Johnstown almost killed it, and interest in 
 it was revived only by persistent and painstaking 
 
 28 
 
SPANDREL, (War.) 
 From Plaster Model. 
 
work. The following summary statement shows sub- 
 scriptions received each month from the opening of 
 the Treasurer's books to the close of the fund : 
 
 Month. 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 1892. 
 
 January . . 
 
 
 
 $4,169 45 
 
 $3,434 
 
 00 
 
 $2,642 71 
 
 February . 
 
 
 
 3,o47 5 6 
 
 5,640 
 
 00 
 
 3,38i 47 
 
 March . . . 
 
 
 
 3,664 8.^ 
 
 2,352 
 
 00 
 
 7,900 OO 
 
 April . . . 
 
 
 
 1,096 50 
 
 3,228 
 
 19 
 
 3,860 50 
 
 May . . . 
 
 $40,067 
 
 66 
 
 6,423 54 
 
 3,894 96 
 
 2,692 00 
 
 June . . . 
 
 5,9" 
 
 45 
 
 320 00 
 
 i,575 
 
 18 
 
 
 July . . . 
 
 955 
 
 2 5 
 
 38 50 
 
 412 
 
 47 
 
 
 August . . . 
 
 1,041 85 
 
 
 9 
 
 97 
 
 
 September . . 
 
 4,897 
 
 25 
 
 1,000 00 
 
 15 
 
 44 
 
 
 October . . 
 
 4,266 
 
 24 
 
 120 96 
 
 165 
 
 06 
 
 
 November . . 
 
 4,019 
 
 40 
 
 750 00 
 
 107 
 
 34 
 
 
 December . . 
 
 3,474 
 
 01 
 
 325 00 
 
 1,01 1 
 
 27 
 
 
 Totals . . 
 
 $64,633 
 
 1 1 
 
 $20,956 33 
 
 $21,845 88 
 
 $20,564 68 
 
 Total $128,000. 
 
 Of the funds subscribed, $127,058 had been paid 
 by April 1, 1895, leaving $942 unpaid, part of which 
 may still be collected. The construction account shows 
 that $123,648 had been expended in the actual con- 
 struction and enrichment of the Arch at this date. 
 
 The marble eagles were placed on the keystones, 
 and the trophy panels of the south front carved during 
 the Summer and Autumn of 1892, and the trophy 
 panels of the north front were finished in February, 
 1893, at which date, to complete the decorations of the 
 structure, only the spandrel panels remained to be 
 sculptured. Owing to the desire of the architect to 
 
 29 
 
obtain the models for the Victories these panels were 
 intended to contain from Mr. William MacMonnies, the 
 well-known pupil of St. Gaudens, who became famous 
 through his great Fountain in the Court of Honor at 
 the Columbian Exhibition in Chicago, and his employ- 
 ment on previous orders, a considerable delay was 
 necessitated. The models arrived from Paris in the 
 Spring of 1894, and the figures were carved from these 
 by Piccirilli and finished in February, 1895. They 
 represent four female figures, winged and floating, 
 masterpieces of relief sculpture. That on the west side 
 of the north front, carrying an olive leaf, represents 
 Peace ; that on the east side, carrying a trumpet, rep- 
 resents War. On the west side of the south front 
 the figure represents Fame, and on the east side Pros- 
 perity. The architect s designs provide for groups of 
 statuary to be placed on pedestals prepared for them, 
 on the north front. For these as yet no modals have 
 been made or estimates of cost received, but Mr. 
 MacMonnies is now making drawings for them. It is 
 hoped that money to pay for these groups can be ob- 
 tained by the same means that were employed to raise 
 the fund. 
 
 By the completion of the carving of the spandrels 
 the Washington Arch is structurally finished, and, 
 therefore, the committee, at a meeting held on March 
 18th, 1895, resolved to transfer it to the city, with such 
 suitable public ceremonies as could be arranged, on the 
 30th of April, 1895, being the 106th anniversary of 
 
 30 
 
the Inauguration of George Washington as first Presi- 
 dent of the United States, and the sixth since the in- 
 ception of the enterprise for its erection. 
 
 The practical completion of so important a monu- 
 ment as the Washington Arch within so brief a period 
 is highly creditable to the people of the city of New 
 York, whose subscriptions have paid for it, and should 
 encourage further efforts to enrich our cities with other 
 monuments erected to commemorate great events in our 
 national history. It is doubtful if any other Arch has 
 ever been erected by subscription from private citizens, 
 and it is probable that no undertaking of this character 
 and magnitude has ever been completed in this country 
 in so short a period. Arches abroad have been erected, 
 usually, to record the close of triumphal wars, and 
 have been paid for by national and municipal govern- 
 ments. 
 
 The progress of the enterprise has shown rare 
 public spirit in some of those who have aided in its 
 realization. High praise is due the architect, Mr. Stan- 
 ford White, who has given much time, artistic skill, 
 and energy, to the preparation of numerous designs 
 for the structure, and to the superintendence of its erec- 
 tion, without charge to the fund for his services ; also 
 to Mr. David H. King, Jr., the builder, who, by waiv- 
 ing his usual commissions, made the largest individual 
 subscription to the fund. The contractors and their 
 employees seem to have been inspired by the character 
 of the structure to put their best work upon it, and 
 
 3i 
 
the Washington Arch has been so built as to testify 
 for ages to the appreciation by this generation of the 
 great event which it was erected to commemorate. 
 
 WILLIAM R. STEWART. 
 
 i j Washington Square, April 2d, 1895. 
 
 32 
 
SPANDREL, (Peace.) 
 From Plaster Model. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE ARCH. 
 
 HE Washington Arch is built of white marble 
 from the quarries at Tuckakoe, New York. It 
 consists of a single arch, supporting an entablature 
 and attic, and springing from plain piers, broken, on 
 the north side only, by pedestals designed for the re- 
 ception of groups of statuary. Above the impost, which 
 is ornamented with a Greek fret, are decorated panels ; 
 those on the north side containing in the centre shields 
 bearing the coat of arms, crests and mottoes of General 
 Washington and of the United States, and those on the 
 south the arms of the State and the City of New York. 
 The arms of Washington are described as " Argent, two 
 bars gules, in chief three mullets." A raven over a 
 coronet constitutes the crest, and the motto reads : 
 " Exitus acta probat." The space around these shields 
 is filled with trophies, treated in a purely decorative 
 manner : there being above, on the north side, which 
 is the more elaborate, a wreath of oak encircling a 
 sword hilt and flanked with festoons, clustered banners 
 and insignia of war ; below, another wreath of laurel, 
 echoing that above and affixed to cross cannon of the 
 old type. On the south side are again trophies of a 
 
 33 
 
different design, consisting of flags, spears, swords and 
 bows and arrows, grouped above and below the central 
 shields bearing the coats of arms. The spandrels 
 between these panels and the carved arch mouldings 
 are designed to receive allegorical figures. A large and 
 highly decorated keystone marks the culmination of 
 the arch and binds it to the architrave of the main 
 entablature, and this, with the spirited eagle surmount- 
 ing it and unfolding its wings over the main frieze to 
 the extent of almost eleven feet, may be considered 
 the centre of the " motif." The frieze itself, of which 
 the eagle on either facade forms the central figure, is 
 of unusual depth and is very elaborately adorned with 
 wreaths of laurel in high relief, containing twelve large 
 stars, which, with that on the keystone of the south 
 front, represent the original thirteen States. Between 
 the wreaths and the lower relief are sprays of oak and 
 laurel crossed and enfolding the initial letter W. The 
 smaller stars represent the number of States at the 
 time of erection. The frieze and the bold and severely 
 ornamented cornice above it dominate the rest of the 
 construction, including even the attic above, which, 
 though massive and bearing the chief inscriptions, is 
 kept comparatively in subordination to the main en- 
 tablature. The inscription incised in Roman letters 
 reads, on the north facade : " To commemorate the One 
 Hundredth Anniversary of the Inauguration of George 
 Washington as First President of the United States," 
 and on the south : " Let us raise a standard to which 
 
 34 
 
the wise and the honest can repair — the event is in 
 the hands of God." — Washington. Another inscription 
 on the architrave below sets forth that the Arch was 
 " Erected by the People of the City of New York." 
 On the eastern and western panels of the attic are the 
 dates 1789 and 1889, in Roman letters. The great 
 vault, which rises to the height of over 47 feet above 
 the roadway, is ornamented with coffers and rosettes 
 in the usual Roman manner. 
 
 In style this monument is distinctly classic, and 
 by this term is meant Roman in contradistinction to 
 the less robust, more fanciful, and more " personal " 
 style of the Renaissance. Although having a discreet 
 flavor of its own, this quality has been kept in abey- 
 ance to the conservatism which seems proper in the 
 design of a structure intended to stand for all time 
 and to outlast any local or passing fashions. When 
 brought in close comparison, however, with the 
 triumphal arches of Rome and the Roman Empire, 
 many differences are to be noticed — that of the size of 
 the opening being the most striking, though not the 
 most important. No Arch of antiquity containing but 
 one opening has a span as great as that at New York, 
 the nearest approach to it being the Arch at Aosta, 
 which has a span of about 29 feet 8 inches. The 
 Arch at Salonika has its central opening 36 feet wide, 
 which is the largest span of all Roman Triumphal 
 Arches. This, however, is a construction with three 
 openings. In architectural treatment the Washington 
 
 35 
 
Arch differs from its classical predecessors in being 
 generally lighter, in the prominence of the frieze, in 
 the reduced height of the attic, and lastly, and most 
 important, in the absence of the Orders. Of the few 
 remaining Roman examples of Arches without Orders, 
 perhaps the best known is that of Alcantra. 
 
 The following are the dimensions of the Washing- 
 ton Arch : 
 
 Total height 73 feet 6 inches. 
 
 Total width 56 " 10 " 
 
 Width of piers 13 " 5 " 
 
 Depth of piers 1 7 " 1 o " 
 
 Width of opening 30 " o " 
 
 Height of opening 47 " 9 " 
 
 STANFORD WHITE. 
 
 / West 20th St., New York. 
 
 36 
 
LAYING THE CORNER-STONE OF THE ARCH, 
 MAY 30, 1890. 
 
 PROGRAMME. 
 
 1. Arrival of Memorial Arch Committee, escorted by 
 
 the First Brigade, N. G., S. N. Y., 
 
 Brigadier General Louis Fitzgerald, Commanding. 
 
 2. Prayer, . . Right Rev. Henry C. Potter. 
 
 3. Hymn, . . Robert Underwood Johnson. 
 
 Arranged from Haydn. 
 Chorus conducted by Frank H. Damrosch. 
 
 4. Address, .... Henry G. Marouand, 
 
 Chairman of the Washington Memorial Arch Committee. 
 
 5. Address, .... Waldo Hutchins. 
 
 6. Address, . . . George William Curtis. 
 
 7. Laying the Corner-Stone, . by John W. Vrooman } 
 
 Grand Master of Masons in the State of New York. 
 
 8. Hymn, "America," .... Chorus. 
 
 37 
 
CEREMONIES. 
 
 NDER the wide-spreading branches of the two ven- 
 erable elms in Washington Square, just opposite 
 the entrance to Fifth Avenue, was laid the corner-stone 
 of the Washington Memorial Arch. 
 
 Around the square block of granite were grouped 
 the officers of the Grand Lodge of Masons of the State 
 of New York, and it was by the beautiful ritual of 
 their order that the stone was laid. 
 
 The opening of the exercises followed the arrival 
 in Washington Square of the First Brigade, National 
 Guard, State of New York, which acted as escort to 
 the Arch Committee and their distinguished guests. 
 
 The cheers that greeted the arrival of the military 
 were repeated with spirited cordiality when the multi- 
 tude caught sight of ex-President Cleveland in the car- 
 riage with Chairman Marquand, Bishop Potter and 
 George William Curtis. Mr. Cleveland took a seat 
 near his wife, who, with ex-Secretary and Mrs. Charles 
 S. Fairchild, had arrived at the stand a few minutes 
 before. Seated near the speakers' box, were Park Com- 
 missioners Waldo Hutchins, J. Hampden Robb and M. 
 C. Borden; Samuel D. Babcock, Lispenard Stewart, 
 Richard Watson Gilder, Hjalmar H. Boyesen, Robert 
 W. DeForest, Mr. and Mrs. Butler Duncan, Senator 
 McNaughton, Mr. and Mrs. F. G. Lee, Mrs. Paul Dana, 
 
 38 
 
Mr. and Mrs. F. S. Witherbee, Edward N. Tailer, 
 Clarence Buel, Mr. and Mrs. John W. Vrooman, Whee- 
 lock H. Parmelee, of Jersey City, and George McGowen, 
 a veteran Mason from Palmyra. 
 
 Soon after n o'clock Bishop Potter invoked the 
 Divine blessing upon the Arch, and the following hymn, 
 specially written for the occasion by Robert Underwood 
 Johnson, was sung by members of the Oratorio Society, 
 led by Frank H. Damrosch: 
 
 HYMN. 
 
 Composed for the occasion by 
 
 Robert Underwood Johnson. 
 
 Praise to Thee, O God of Freedom; 
 
 Praise to Thee, O God of Law; 
 Thee, the goal of Israel's dreaming — 
 
 Thee, the flame that Moses saw. 
 Light of every patriot dungeon, 
 
 Home of exile, hope of slave; 
 Loved by just, and feared by tyrant, 
 
 Comrade of the true and brave. 
 
 Would we pray for new defenders, 
 
 Thou art with us, e'er we call; 
 Thou wilt find new ranks of heroes 
 
 For the heroes yet to fall. 
 Back we look across the ages, 
 
 Forward Thou beyond the sun; 
 Yet no greater gift we ask Thee 
 
 Than another Washington. 
 
 39 
 
Mr. Henry G. Marquand, Chairman, then spoke 
 
 as follows : 
 
 ADDRESS OF MR. HENRY G. MARQUAND, 
 
 Chairman of the Arch Committee. 
 
 "The service which calls us together to-day signi- 
 fies that the spark of patriotism has not been quenched 
 in New York; that, amid the pressure of commercial 
 activity and the idolatry of money in our times, there 
 are thousands who can turn their thoughts to the past 
 with gratitude and unite to set up a monument which 
 shall be historical and instructive and prove a proper 
 expression for their feeling of civic pride. 
 
 "It signifies also the beginning of a new and pure 
 taste in the art of architecture. It signifies that it is 
 more desirable to rely on a popular movement in useful 
 and educational enterprise, than to trust the impulses 
 of a few munificent givers. 
 
 "The spot has been aptly chosen, and not a valid 
 objection can be urged against it. It is true some one 
 has remarked that 'the neighborhood in a few years 
 will be all tenement houses.' Even should this prove 
 true, no stronger reason could be given for the Arch 
 being placed there. Have the occupants of tenement 
 houses no sense of beauty? Have they no patriotism? 
 Have they no right to good architecture? Happily 
 there is no monopoly of the appreciation of things that 
 are excellent any more than there is of fresh air, and 
 
 40 
 
it 
 
 SETTING THE FIRST BLOCK OF MARBLE. 
 
 THE EASTERLY PIER RISING FROM THE PLATFORM. 
 
in our mind's eye we can see many a family who can- 
 not afford to spend ten cents to go to the park, taking 
 great pleasure under the shadow of this Arch. 
 
 "This is the Arch of peace and good-will to men. 
 It will bring the rich and poor together in one com- 
 mon bond of patriotic feeling, and prove a poem in 
 stone for our fellow-citizens, for all time. To the city 
 authorities and the Park Commissioners the committee 
 is greatly indebted for their liberal encouragement and 
 assistance in this public work." 
 
 ADDRESS OF THE HON. WALDO HUTCHINS. 
 
 Hon. Mr. Hutchins, responding in behalf of the 
 Park Board, expressed an earnest interest in the Arch 
 project. He said that the structure was raised to 
 perpetuate the memory of the first step in the great 
 experiment, momentous to mankind, of government by 
 the people and for the people. It will stand forever an 
 arch of triumph — not of military triumph and glory, 
 but of an undying principle. 
 
 "The enemies that threaten our institutions to-day," 
 continued Mr. Hutchins, "are very different from those 
 uncouth hordes that rushed onward beneath Rome's 
 arches. But are they the less dangerous because they 
 are enemies already within our gates? It means much 
 to each of us that we, to-day, are given the power to 
 shape the destinies of this great City, State and Nation 
 — aye, the destiny of mankind for endless ages. 
 
 "It is not enough that we vote once in four years, 
 
 4! 
 
no, nor every year. It is not enough that we complain 
 that politics are corrupt and our representatives too 
 often incompetent for the high trust reposed in them. 
 We must change all this — aye, and quickly, too — if our 
 Arch is to look, in the future, upon such scenes as 
 crown the past of our national existence. We believe 
 that the future will prove as bright as the past, but it 
 rests with us, and each of us, to say whether that hope 
 will prove but an ignis fatnus, or a certainty as solid 
 and enduring as this stone we place to day." 
 
 ADDRESS BY GEORGE WILLIAM CURTIS. 
 
 The introduction of Mr. George William Curtis as 
 the orator of the day, elicited hearty applause. Fol- 
 lowing is the text of his address: 
 
 This is a day of proud and tender memories. " With 
 malice toward none, and charity for all," it commem- 
 orates the triumph of American patriotism and the 
 assured integrity of the American Union. Its associa- 
 tions blend naturally with those of the Revolution. 
 The garlanded graves of the boys in blue recall the 
 memory of the old Continentals. When a soldier of New 
 England, in the war for the Union, was marching 
 through New York to the front, and was asked from 
 what place he came, still keeping step to the drum-beat, 
 he answered, "From Bunker Hill! from Bunker Hill!" 
 When Theodore Winthrop fell, we said, Joseph Warren 
 dies again for his country. The march of Sherman to 
 the sea echoes the tread of Ethan Allen marching to 
 
 42 
 
Ticonderoga and demanding its surrender, as Sherman 
 would have demanded it, in the name of the Great 
 Jehovah and the Continental Congress. To hear Paul 
 Jones on his shattered ship, answering the British cap- 
 tain's summons to yield, by shouting that he had not 
 yet begun to fight, is to see our Farragut, in the fiery 
 storm of battle, lashed to the rigging of the Hartford — 
 
 "The Sea King of the Sovereign West, 
 Who made his mast a throne." 
 
 We cannot speak of Grant, at Appomattox, but we 
 remember the crowning mercy at Yorktown. We can- 
 not mention Abraham Lincoln, but we think of George 
 Washington. 
 
 What day in the year could be more fitting than 
 the day consecrated by such memories on which to lay 
 the corner-stone of a monument which shall recall alike 
 the beginning of the Union and the glory of its great- 
 est citizen? Never before could this duty have been 
 performed with greater joy and gratitude, because now 
 the National Union, the great result of the Revolution, 
 and the devotion of Washington, has been tried by 
 fire, and its dross is burned away. Whether the flowers 
 fall to-day upon the graves of the blue or the gray, 
 they fall on the dust of Americans. As nothing but 
 American valor could have hoped successfully to assail 
 the Union, so nothing but American valor could have 
 maintained it. 
 
 Thank God! whatever colors we may have worn 
 
 43 
 
in the past, to-day the sun shines upon a nation which is 
 all true blue. 
 
 new york's historic renown. 
 
 In beginning this memorial work, if New York is 
 justly proud, she does not forget that all the American 
 cities of the Revolution have their distinctive patriotic 
 renown. In Boston was rocked the cradle of liberty. 
 In Philadelphia independence was declared and the 
 Constitution adopted. In Baltimore sat the Continental 
 Congress, when it was driven from Philadelphia, and 
 in Charleston Harbor the great fleet of Sir Peter Parker 
 was dispersed and destroyed. But New York was the 
 scene of the last act of the Revolution, and of the open- 
 ing drama of Constitutional Union. In New York the 
 flag of England was lowered. From these shores the 
 proud sovereignty of Great Britain sailed away. Here 
 the first Congress of the United States assembled. 
 Here the first President was inaugurated, and here the 
 National Government of the Union began. 
 
 From the day — two hundred and eighty-one years 
 ago — when Hendrik Hudson first saw the island on 
 which the city stands, to the present hour, these closely 
 related events are by far the greatest and most mo- 
 mentous in the annals of New York. Until now the 
 part taken in them by the city has wanted a monu- 
 ment. Henceforth the monument that we raise will 
 tell the glorious storj-. 
 
 In older lands monumental arches and columns of 
 victory celebrate territorial conquest, personal ambition 
 
 44 
 
and the armed march of empire. But in this younger 
 land of liberty and law, where the army is but a 
 policeman and the navy a watchman of the coast, we 
 build an arch of peace, the symbol of the Republic in 
 which the guaranteed right of every citizen is the 
 security of the Commonwealth, and whose first Chief 
 Magistrate is the perpetual illustration and inspiration 
 of American citizenship. It is him especially, the 
 dominating figure of his time, the individual personal 
 force that has so largely molded our history — him who 
 refused the crown and made the Constitution live and 
 move, who found his country a cluster of dependent 
 colonies and left it an independent nation, that this 
 monument especially commemorates. 
 
 That in the perilous tumult of the time, the 
 jealous clash of doubtful communities, and the hot 
 conflict of selfish interests and passions, the Constitu- 
 tion should have been harmoniously drawn and peace- 
 fully ratified, was in itself a miracle. Against proba- 
 bility, despite apprehension, beyond hope, so much was 
 achieved. But still the great question remained. There 
 was the potential nation, the aspirations of liberty, the 
 hopes of humanity hidden within it. There lay the 
 statue completely wrought. Should it lie there like 
 those huge Egyptian columns that were quarried but 
 never raised ? Who should touch it with the vital 
 spark ? Where was the personal power, so sovereign, 
 so calm, so pure, so acknowledged that, like the blessed 
 might which stilled the raging waters of the sea, it 
 
 45 
 
should pacify the weltering passions of a continent and, 
 raising the motionless form of the nation, send it, alive, 
 indomitable, resistless, upon its radiant and beneficent 
 
 way ? 
 
 Washington's service to mankind. 
 We always gladly concede that Washington was 
 good, but we are not always so sure that he was great. 
 But a man's greatness is measured by his service to 
 mankind. If without ambition and without a crime, 
 righteously to lead a people to independence through a 
 righteous war ; then, without precedent and amid vast 
 and incalculable hostile forces to organize their govern- 
 ment and establish in every department the fundamental 
 principles of the policy which has resulted in marvelous 
 national power and prosperity and untold services to 
 liberty throughout the world, and to do all this without 
 suspicion or reproach, with perfect dignity and sublime 
 repose — if this be greatness, do you find it more in 
 Alexander or Pericles, Caesar or Alfred, in Charlemagne 
 or Napoleon Bonaparte, or in George Washington ? 
 As this majestic arch will stand here through the long 
 succession of years in the all-revealing light of day, 
 visible at every point and at every point exquisitely 
 rounded and complete, so in the searching light of 
 history stands Washington, strong, simple, symmetrical, 
 supreme, beloved by a filial nation, revered by a grateful 
 world. 
 
 To the memory of such a character and of such 
 events we dedicate this monument. But, fellow-citizens, 
 
 46 
 
to what does this monument dedicate us? Arching 
 this thronged highway of the city, bending in silent 
 benediction over the ceaseless flood of multitudinous 
 life which pours beneath, what will it say to the endless 
 procession of Washington's fellow-countrymen ? What 
 is the voice which, by erecting this monument, we make 
 our own ? In his eulogy upon Washington, Gouverneur 
 Morris said, that as the Constitutional Convention was 
 about to organize, when success seemed hopeless and 
 despair suggested fatal compromise, Washington said : 
 ' If to please the people we offer what we ourselves 
 disapprove, how can we afterward defend our work ? 
 Let us raise a standard to which the wise and honest 
 can repair — the event is in the hands of God.' 
 
 There spoke the good genius of America. If any 
 words were to be inscribed upon this arch, these words 
 of Washington would be apples of gold in pictures of 
 silver. 
 
 What he said to the convention he says to us. 
 It is the voice of the heroic spirit which in council and 
 in the field has made and alone will preserve our 
 America. It is the voice that will speak from this 
 memorial arch to all coming generations of Americans. 
 
 Whatever may betide, whatever war, foreign or 
 domestic, may threaten, whatever specious sophistry 
 may assail the political conscience of the country, or 
 bribery of place or money corrupt its political action, 
 above the roar of the mob and the insidious clamor of 
 the demagogue, the voice of Washington will still be 
 
 47 
 
the voice of American patriotism and manly honor — 
 " Let us raise a standard to which the wise and honest 
 can repair — the event is in the hands of God ! " 
 
 THE MASONIC CEREMONY. 
 
 At the close of Mr. Curtis's address, the direction 
 of the further ceremonies was turned over by Chairman 
 Marquand to John W. Vrooman, Grand Master of 
 Masons in the State of New York, who formally pro- 
 claimed that the corner-stone of the Arch would then 
 and there be laid in accordance with the ancient rites 
 of Masonry. 
 
 Mr. Marquand thereupon presented the Grand 
 Master with a beautiful silver trowel suitably inscribed. 
 The following officers of the Grand Lodge then took 
 their places around the stone: John W. Vrooman, 
 Grand Master; William Sherer, Deputy Grand Master; 
 F. A. Burnham, Senior Grand Warden; E. B. Harper, 
 Junior Grand Warden; John J. Gorman, Grand Treas- 
 urer; E. M. L. Ehlers, Grand Secretary; F. W. Morris, 
 Senior Grand Deacon; Edward B. Price, Junior Grand 
 Deacon; William W. Wallace, Grand Sword Bearer; 
 John G. Janeway, Grand Standard Bearer; William C. 
 Prescott, Grand Marshal. 
 
 The Rev. Robert Collyer, Grand Chaplain, then 
 arose in the speakers' box, and lifting into plain sight 
 of the multitude, a large open book, explained that he 
 held in his hand the Bible upon which George Wash- 
 ington took the oath of office as the first President of 
 
 48 
 
the United States. The book was then, and is now, 
 the property of St. John's Lodge of Masons in this 
 city. "It was upon this page," said the white-haired 
 clergyman, glancing down upon the open book, "that 
 Washington is said to have placed his hand while tak- 
 ing that historic oath. It contains portions of the forty- 
 ninth and fiftieth chapters of the Book of Genesis." 
 Dr. Collyer read a few verses from those chapters and 
 then uttered a brief prayer. 
 
 The Masonic ritual proceeded. The small copper 
 box, with its collection of medals and coins and the 
 records of the event commemorated, stood ready to be 
 deposited in the heart of the great granite block. 
 
 Grand Treasurer Gorman announced the contents 
 of the copper box to be deposited in the stone as 
 follows : 
 
 The St. Gaudens Washington Centennial medal, bear- 
 ing the date May 30, 1889. 
 
 A Souvenir of the Washington Centennial celebration 
 of 1889, with designs by Blashfield and Low. 
 
 A Catalogue of the Centennial Loan Exhibition, 1889, 
 with portraits and relics. 
 
 A Souvenir of the Committee on States of the Cen- 
 tennial celebration. 
 
 Invitations, tickets and circulars of the various 
 committees on the Centennial celebration of 1889. 
 
 Silver, nickel and copper United States coins of 
 1889. 
 
 A United States silver coin of 1799. 
 
 49 
 
A Souvenir of the Centennial Judiciary banquet, 
 1889. 
 
 A copy of the Constitution of the Society of the 
 
 Sons of the Revolution. 
 A copy of the Constitution of the St. Nicholas Club. 
 The directory of the New York Board of Education. 
 A list of the officers of the Grand Lodge, F. and A. M., 
 
 of the State of New York. 
 A subscription blank for the Washington Memorial 
 
 Arch. 
 
 Newspapers of New York of the mornings of April 27th 
 
 and 29th, 1889, and May 29th and 30th, 1890. 
 The personal card of William Rhinelauder Stewart, the 
 
 leading promoter of the Arch project. 
 The cards of the reporters present. 
 A silver Dollar sent by Vice-President Morton. 
 
 The Grand Treasurer further stated that one coin, 
 a silver Dollar, and the autographs of President Harri- 
 son and Vice-President Morton, contributed by a lady, 
 had been received after the box was sealed, and there- 
 fore would be placed in the aperture beneath the box. 
 
 The usual test was then applied, the box was 
 inserted in the aperture provided for it, and the 
 heavy stone was lowered into its bed of mortar. 
 
 The impressive test and consecration of the corner, 
 stone followed. Stanford White, the designer and 
 architect of the Memorial Arch, handed to Grand Mas- 
 ter Vrooman the implements of his Craft — the square, 
 the level and the plumb. Each implement was applied 
 
 50 
 
to the stone by the proper officer of the Grand Lodge, 
 and the stone was reported to be of proper form. 
 
 The golden horn was then produced and Deputy 
 Grand Master Sherer poured upon the imbedded stone 
 a bit of ground corn, emblematic of goodness and plenty. 
 Wine and oil from the silver chalices were next poured 
 upon the stone to symbolize joy and peace. The formal 
 surrendering of the stock into the keeping of the 
 architect ended the ceremonies. 
 
 Grand Master Vrooman then delivered the following 
 address : 
 
 ADDRESS BY JOHN W. VROOMAN, 
 
 Grand Master of Masons in the State of New York. 
 
 Among these illustrious patrons, the revered and 
 honored name of Washington appears upon the page 
 of history as the ideal man and Mason. 
 
 I will briefly refer to him as a member of our 
 Fraternity, leaving his civil and military career to the 
 distinguished orators of the day. 
 
 Official records inform us that Washington was 
 made a Mason in Fredericksburg Lodge, No. 4, on the 
 4th day of November, 1752, at the "mature age" of 
 twenty years, while serving as an adjutant-general in 
 the British Army. He was chosen some years after 
 Worshipful Master of Alexandria Lodge, No. 22, receiv- 
 ing his commission from Grand Master Edmund Ran- 
 dolph, Governor of Virginia. The active military life 
 of Washington as Commander-in-Chief seemed to inspire 
 
 5i 
 
active Masonic labor. He encouraged military lodges 
 and frequently participated in their work. It was upon 
 one of these occasions that he made General Lafayette 
 a Freemason. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of Virginia in the early days 
 of its organization elected Washington as its Grand 
 Master ; not being eligible at the time, he was com- 
 pelled to decline the honor. 
 
 If time would permit we would gladly recall his 
 unceasing love and loyalty to the Craft, as evidenced 
 by his Masonic visitations, letters and addresses. 
 
 On the 1 8th day of September, 1793, George 
 Washington, President of the United States, acting as 
 Grand Master, laid, with appropriate Masonic ceremonies, 
 the corner-stone of the Capitol of this great Republic. 
 
 On the 4th day of July, 1848, the Grand Master 
 of Masons of the District of Columbia laid the corner- 
 stone of that mighty monument at Washington which 
 is the wonder and admiration of a civilized world; and 
 on the 21st day of February, 1885, it was dedicated by 
 the Grand Master of that jurisdiction, in presence of 
 the President and Congress of the United States. 
 
 It is, therefore, most fitting that the corner-stone of 
 this Washington Memorial Arch should be laid with 
 Masonic ceremonies, thus following a long line of pre- 
 cedents, and affording the Fraternity an opportunity 
 to once more give public evidence of their loving 
 remembrance of a distinguished brother, and of their 
 "loyalty to the government in which they live." 
 
 52 
 
The ceremony before us — the erection of this mon- 
 umental arch as an enduring token of the lasting 
 memory of an appreciative and affectionate people — 
 vividly recalls the wonderful Centennial celebration of 
 a year ago, which made this occasion possible. 
 
 The Masonic Brotherhood of the Empire State was 
 deeply interested in that great demonstration — doubly 
 interested because the central figures in that historic 
 inauguration were in the forefront of our beloved Insti- 
 tution, and among the most talented and illustrious 
 men and Masons of that or any other age. 
 
 There stood George Washington, the pride of his 
 countrymen, the beloved of his brethren, awaiting the 
 oath of office. 
 
 Then appeared Robert R. Livingston, the Grand 
 Master of Masons in the State of New York, who, as 
 Chancellor of this State, administered the oath of office 
 to Washington. Most Worshipful Brother Livingston 
 was one of the ablest statesmen and jurists this country 
 ever produced, and our honored Grand Master for six- 
 teen years. 
 
 A valuable aid in furthering the success of that 
 inauguration day was Jacob Morton, Chief of Staff, who 
 was at the time Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge 
 of New York. Most Worshipful Brother Morton, a 
 brave and accomplished military officer during the Rev- 
 olution, held the office of Grand Master for five years. 
 
 Standing there as witnesses to the impressive 
 inauguration of the first President were many of the 
 
 53 
 
signers of the immortal Declaration of Independence. 
 Do yon wonder that the Declaration proclaimed Freedom 
 when yon consider the great fact that fifty-two of the 
 fifty-six signers were Freemasons? 
 
 A worthy successor to the honors of the Brethren 
 jnst mentioned was found in the person of DeWitt 
 Clinton, one of the renowned Governors of this State, 
 who held the office of Grand Master for fourteen years. 
 
 During the war of 1812, DeWitt Clinton, Grand 
 Master of Masons, convened a Grand Lodge of Emer- 
 gency on the first day of September, 18 14, in this city, 
 for the sole purpose of volunteering for Government 
 duty, and the Brethren under his leadership "were 
 assigned by the Committee of Defence for receiving 
 the services of the Craft on the fortifications at Brook- 
 lyn, pursuant to resolution, and they diligently labored 
 through the day." One week later they again volun- 
 teered their services "on the fortifications erecting on 
 Brooklyn Heights, and more especially there as one of 
 the forts had, in honor of the Craft, been called Fort 
 Masonic." 
 
 The history of Freemasonry in this State is there- 
 fore coeval with the history of our National Government 
 
 Then, as now, Freemasons obeyed the teachings 
 "to be true to your Government and just to your 
 country, yielding obedience to the laws which afford 
 you protection." 
 
 The wise and patriotic administration of Grand 
 Master Clinton was followed by Daniel D. Tompkins, 
 
 54 
 
Governor of this State, Vice-President of the United 
 States, and also the honored Grand Master of Masons 
 for several years. 
 
 These and other eminent Craftsmen, leaders in 
 civil as well as Masonic affairs, inspired confidence in 
 the plan and pnrpose of onr Institution, elevated its 
 character, developing its growth and usefulness to such 
 an extent, that at the present time it commands the 
 respect and admiration of all mankind. 
 
 Permit me, in passing, to make brief allusion to 
 another matter of historic interest. The Holy Bible 
 borne to-day in the Grand Lodge procession, and now 
 before you, is the property of St. John's Lodge, No. i, 
 A. Y. M., of the city of New York, and has been jeal- 
 ously guarded by that noble band of brethren for more 
 than one hundred years. Upon this sacred volume 
 George Washington took the oath of office as first 
 President of this Nation. 
 
 It is a part of our unwritten history that as the 
 moment approached for the oath to be administered no 
 Bible was at hand, nor could one be secured in the 
 building. Chancellor Robert R. Livingston, as Grand 
 Master, knew that every Masonic lodge-room contained 
 a copy of the Holy Scriptures. He remembered that 
 the Chief of Staff, Jacob Morton, was Worshipful 
 Master of St. John's Lodge, No. i, and that the lodge- 
 room was near by. A word to Morton; a hastening 
 to the lodge-room ; a return with the Holy Bible ; and 
 without seeming delay the oath was taken. Thank 
 
 55 
 
God that the Great Light in Masonry must always 
 have honorable place in every lodge-room! 
 
 One more brief allusion to a matter of similar 
 interest. This medallion, accompanied by an autograph 
 letter (the property of the Grand Lodge of New York), 
 is said to possess the best likeness of Washington now 
 in existence; it also contains a lock of his hair, and 
 was presented by him in June, 1783, to Major Billings, 
 a member of his staff. At that time Major Billings 
 was Worshipful Master of a lodge located at or near 
 Newburgh and had frequently received General Wash- 
 ington as a visitor. 
 
 A gavel, which I had hoped to use upon this eventful 
 occasion, but an unforseen circumstance has prevented, 
 was expressly prepared for presentation to Washington, 
 used by him as President, and also as acting Grand 
 Master of Masons in laying the corner-stone of the 
 Capitol of the United States. 
 
 After the ceremonies he presented it to Potomac 
 Lodge, No. 9, F. and A. M., District of Columbia, and 
 it has been carefully guarded by that lodge as a 
 precious treasure since that time. 
 
 It was used by the Grand Master in laying the 
 corner-stone of the great monument at Washington ; 
 also at tbe laying of the corner-stone and dedication of 
 the equestrian statue of Washington at the National 
 Capital. It was likewise used at the laying of the 
 corner-stone of the Yorktown Monument, and upon many 
 other occasions in laying tbe corner-stones of public 
 
 56 
 
buildings and monuments in several States of the Union. 
 
 Fitting it would be to make the present ceremony 
 the more interesting and memorable by using that 
 emblem of authority once wielded by him whose mem- 
 ory we hold sacred and this day further perpetuate. 
 
 There are now in existence twelve different medals 
 which were struck, in the early days of the Republic, 
 to commemorate the Masonic virtues of Washington. 
 
 At the close of his earthly labors, the lodge over 
 which he presided as its first Master buried him with 
 Masonic honors. 
 
 I now conclude this hasty sketch by strongly com- 
 mending to the Craft the following beautiful words of 
 Washington, spoken while President of the United 
 States. 
 
 Replying to an address from some Rhode Island 
 Brethren, he said: "Being persuaded that a just appli- 
 cation of the principles on which the Masonic Fraternity 
 is founded must be promotive of private virtue and 
 public prosperity, I shall always be happy to advance 
 the interests of the Society, and to be considered by 
 them as a deserving brother." 
 
 To the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts he said: 
 "To enlarge the sphere of social happiness is worthy 
 the benevolent design of a Masonic institution, and it is 
 most fervently to be wished that the conduct of every 
 member of the Fraternity, as well as those publications 
 that discover the principles which actuate them, may 
 tend to convince mankind that the great object of 
 
 57 
 
Masonry is to promote the happiness of the human 
 race." 
 
 We are assembled here to-day in the presence of 
 this vast audience to perpetuate the memory of a man 
 who left on record such inspired words of wisdom, and 
 while we build this Memorial Arch, which, we pray 
 God, may be as enduring as the granite itself, we 
 nevertheless firmly believe that the greater monument 
 of Washington's pure life, valiant deeds, and fraternal 
 advice will be erected in the hearts of a grateful people, 
 to remain spotless and perfect forever. 
 
 At the conclusion of the Grand Master's address, 
 the Grand Marshal presented architect White to the 
 Grand Master, and the latter formally pronounced the 
 corner-stone laid. 
 
 The exercises closed with the singing of " America" 
 by the chorus, all the spectators joining in the air, 
 and after the benediction the company dispersed. 
 
 5» 
 
DEDICATION CEREMONIES 
 
 HELD MAY 4, 1895, 
 
 TO CELEBRATE THE STRUCTURAL COMPLETION OF THE 
 
 WASHINGTON ARCH, 
 
 And for its Transfer to the City of New York by the 
 Committee Formed in 1889 for its Erection. 
 
 These Ceremonies, which were to have taken place April 2gth, were deferred 
 until May 4th, on account of inclement weather. 
 
 COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS. 
 
 Henry G. Marquand, Chairman. 
 William R. Stewart, Sec'y, Gen. Louis Fitzgerald, 
 Richard W. Gilder, Charles Stewart Smith. 
 
 AIDS ON THE OCCASION. 
 
 Stanford White, Charles H. Russell, 
 
 Lispenard Stewart, Clarence W. Bowen. 
 
 59 
 
HE ceremonies on the stand began upon the 
 arrival of Governor Morton, who was escorted to 
 the Arch in Washington Square by the First Brigade 
 of the National Guard, and by the Naval Reserve. 
 The Governor arrived at 3.45 p.m. 
 
 I. The Right Reverend Henry C. Potter, Bishop 
 of New York, delivered the invocation. 
 
 II. General Horace Porter made the oration. 
 
 III. Mr. Henry G. Marquand, Chairman of the 
 Committee on Erection of the Washington Arch, deliv- 
 ered a brief address. 
 
 IV. Mr. William R. Stewart, Treasurer of the 
 Committee, 011 its behalf, gave the key of the Arch to 
 His Honor William L. Strong, Mayor of the City of 
 New York. 
 
 V. Mayor Strong delivered the key to Mr. David 
 H. King, Jr., President of the Department of Public 
 Parks, which Department of the City Government 
 thenceforward became responsible for the care of the 
 monument. 
 
 VI. The Defile of the Troops . Passing between 
 the stands, the troops gave a marching salute to the 
 Governor, and passed under the span of the Arch in 
 the following order: 
 
 60 
 
THE NATIONAL GUARD. 
 
 COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF, 
 LEVI P. MORTON, Governor of the State. 
 
 STAFF. 
 
 Major-General Edwin Augustus McAlpin, Adjutant-General. 
 Brigadier-General Marshall Orlando Terry, Surgeon-General. 
 Brigadier-General Edmund Hayes, Chief of Engineers. 
 Brigadier-General Frederick Charles McLewee, Inspector-General. 
 Brigadier-General Benjamin Morris Whitlock, General Inspector of 
 Rifle Practice. 
 
 Brigadier-General James M. Varnum, Paymaster-General. 
 Brigadier-General Benjamin Flagler, Chief of Ordnance. 
 Brigadier-General William Copeland Wallace, Judge- Advocate-General. 
 Brigadier-General Howard Carroll, Chief of Artillery. 
 Brigadier-General William Sherman Crawford Wiley, Quartermaster- 
 General. 
 
 Brigadier-General Edward Charles O'Brien, Commissary-General of 
 
 Subsistence. 
 Colonel Archibald Rogers, Aide-de-Camp. 
 Colonel Herbert Livingston Satterlee, Aide-de-Camp. 
 Colonel Charles Francis James, Aide-de-Camp. 
 Colonel John Jacob Astor, Aide-de-Camp. 
 Colonel George Bliss Agnew, Aide-de-Camp. 
 Colonel George Walter Turner, Aide-de-Camp. 
 Colonel Selden Erastus Marvin, Jr., Military Secretary. 
 
 61 
 
ESCORT TO THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF. 
 
 Squadron " A," Major Charles F. Roe, Commanding. 
 Brioadier-Gen'l LOUIS FITZGERALD, Commanding the Brigade. 
 
 STAFF. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Stephen H. Olin, Assistant Adjutant-General. 
 
 Major C. Lawrence Perkins, Commissary of Subsistence. 
 
 Major Robert V. McKim, Surgeon. 
 
 Major Paul Dana, Ordnance Officer. 
 
 Major Auguste P. Montant, Inspector. 
 
 Major David Crocker, Inspector of Rifle Practice. 
 
 Major Henry Sayre Van Duzer, Judge Advocate. 
 
 Major Avery De Lano Andrews, Engineer. 
 
 Major Francis Randall Appleton, Quartermaster. 
 
 Captain William Emlen Roosevelt, Aide-de-Camp. 
 
 Captain Oliver Harriman, Jr., Aide-de-Camp. 
 
 Escort, Signal Corps, First Brigade. 
 
 FIRST BRIGADE. 
 
 1. Ninth Regiment, . . Colonel William Seward, Commanding. 
 
 2. Twenty-Second Regiment, . Colonel John T. Camp, Commanding. 
 
 3. Seventh Regiment, . . Colonel Daniel Appleton, Commanding. 
 
 4. Twelfth Regiment, . . Colonel Heman Dowd, Commanding. 
 
 5. Seventy- First Regiment, Colonel Francis V. Greene, Commanding. 
 
 6. Eighth Battalion, . . Major Henry Chauncey, Commanding. 
 
 7. Sixty-Ninth Battalion, Lieut.-Col. Geo. Moore Smith, Commanding. 
 
 8. First Battery, . . . Captain Louis Wendel, Commanding. 
 
 9. Second Battery, . . Captain David Wilson, Commanding. 
 
 NAVAL RESERVE BATTALION. 
 Commander J. W. Miller, . . Commanding. 
 
 62 
 
TRANSFERRED TO THE CITY. 
 
 DEDICATION OF THE ARCH, 
 MAY 4TH, 1895. 
 
 THE CEREMONIES WITNESSED BY GREAT CROWDS OF PEOPLE. 
 
 An Imposing Military Pageant Escorts the Governor Down Fifth Avenue to 
 the Square — Speeches at the Arch by General Porter, Mr. Marquand and 
 others — Mayor Strong's Tribute to Mr. Rhinelander Stewart — Review of 
 the Troops afterwards. 
 
 ARCHING regiments and blaring bands, ringing 
 speeches and cheering crowds, high officials and 
 glittering escorts, the silent majesty of the superb 
 structure to whose honor all these things were, and 
 high above all the Stars and Stripes hanging in mid- 
 air, looking as if blazoned on the sky — that is the 
 story of the dedication of the Washington Arch. 
 
 The magnificent spring weather brought the spec- 
 tators out in limitless multitude, who filled Fifth 
 Avenue and Washington Square, and the thoroughfares 
 leading to it. The great amphitheatre formed by the 
 stands that circled around the arch was one expanse of 
 upturned faces during the delivery of the speeches. 
 Every window and balcony and housetop on North 
 Washington Square had its occupants. Even the tall 
 
 63 
 
new office building on the old university site had its 
 fringe of people overlooking the cornice from beneath 
 which the carved motto " Perstando et Praestando Mili- 
 tate" contributed its share to the didactic influences of 
 the day. Flags swung from every building. The 
 grass and trees in the park had on their holiday tints 
 of most vivid green, and the brilliancy of the costumes 
 with which the fairer portion of the assemblage had 
 decked themselves added to the gayety of the scene. 
 
 FORMING THE PARADE. 
 
 While the crowds at the square waited there was 
 the bustle of preparation further up the avenue. With 
 military promptness the regiments of the First Brigade 
 were all in line by the appointed time, 2.30 o'clock. 
 The white-coated Twenty-second Regiment was the last 
 to march down from its armory in the Boulevard, with 
 its magnificent band in full blare, and take its place 
 in the line. Beginning at Fifty-first Street the order of 
 formation was as follows, each regiment forming with 
 its right on the street named : 
 
 Ninth Regiment, Fifty-first Street ; Twenty-second 
 Regiment, Fifty-fourth Street ; Seventh Regiment, Fifty- 
 seventh Street ; Twelfth Regiment, Sixty-first Street ; 
 Seventy-first Regiment, Sixty-fourth Street ; Sixty-ninth 
 Battalion, Sixty-sixth Street; Eighth Battalion, Sixty- 
 seventh Street ; First Battery, Sixty-ninth Street ; 
 Second Battery, Seventieth Street ; First Naval Bat- 
 talion, Seventy-first street. 
 
 64 
 
T'.E FIRST ROW OF SOFFITS. 
 
 TWO ROWS OF SOFFITS. 
 
Before the arrival of the troops the Governor's 
 Staff had ridden up from their quarters at the Waldorf, 
 and, with Squadron A, had formed in Forty-third Street, 
 opposite to the Hotel Renaissance. Promptly at 2.30 
 o'clock Governor Morton came out of the hotel and 
 entered an open barouche provided for him. With 
 him in the carriage was his military secretary, Colonel 
 Selden E. Marvin. On the box with the coachman 
 was a uniformed guard with drawn sword. Squadron 
 A was out in force. The long column of troopers 
 made an imposing showing. The antics of their 
 horses afforded amusement to the crowds, but did not 
 seem to interest the troopers. Followed by General 
 Fitzgerald and Sta#", who were escorted by the Signal 
 Corps, the Governor rode along the line of troops to 
 Seventy-second Street. The regimental bands greeted 
 the reviewing party with "Hail to the Chief" as the 
 cavalcade approached. When the Governor had passed 
 each regiment moved from the west to the east side 
 of the avenue and the reviewing party came down the 
 avenue behind the lines. 
 
 Governor Morton, preceded by his special escort, 
 Squadron A, and followed by the whole First Brigade, 
 then rode down the avenue between crowds of cheering 
 people to Washington Square, where the big turkey-red 
 stands were full of waiting people, and 300 policemen 
 were struggling with the multitudes on the pavements. 
 On the stands, among others, were Mayor Strong, 
 Bishop Potter, Mayor Schieren, of Brooklyn ; President 
 
 65 
 
King, of the new Park Board ; General Horace Porter, 
 W. De H. Washington, a collateral descendant of Gen- 
 eral Washington's family ; Professor H. H. Boyesen, 
 General Anson G. McCook, Park Commissioner Jnilliard, 
 Lonis Windmuller, Colonel E. C. James, Lispenard 
 Stewart, ex-Jndge C. P. Daly, George A. Cocker, Gen- 
 eral Ferdinand P. Earle, Richard Watson Gilder, Pres- 
 ident Jeroloman, of the Board of Aldermen; E. L. 
 Godkin, James A. Burden, ex-Senator Warner Miller 
 and ex-Congressman Burleigh. 
 
 Many descendants of the soldiers whom Washington 
 had commanded occupied seats upon the reviewing 
 stand or took part in the ceremonies. General Horace 
 Porter is President-General of the Sons of the American 
 Revolution ; Bishop Potter is Chaplain, and Mrs. Donald 
 McLean Regent of the Daughters of the American 
 Revolution. Clarence W. Bowen, a Master of Cere- 
 monies, is a Son of the Revolution, and Franklin 
 Murphy, Secretary-General of the Sons of the American 
 Revolution ; and General Thomas Wilson, U. S. A. ; 
 John W. Scott, Chief Engineer Moore, U. S. N. ; Walter 
 S. Logan, Henry Hall, General Ferdinand P. Earle, 
 Ira B. Stewart, A. J. C. Foye, Edward H. Hall and 
 other officers of the Sons of the American Revolution 
 were present by invitation. 
 
 RECEIVING THE GOVERNOR. 
 
 The Arch Committee, decorated with their blue 
 and gold badges, went down to receive the Governor 
 
 66 
 
and escort him to his seat on the rostrum, built out 
 from the centre of the western stand. Here he was 
 welcomed by Henry G. Marquand, chairman of the 
 committee, by Mayor Strong, and by General Miles, 
 who had come over from Governor's Island with a 
 dozen members of his Staff to witness the review. The 
 Governor's Staff strung out along the front of the 
 stand. An orderly followed with the flag of the State 
 of New York and took his position on the right of the 
 Governor, while an attendant from the Mayor's office 
 stood at the left, behind His Honor, holding the white 
 flag of the municipality aloft. High in the air, hang- 
 ing by an invisible support from a line of six great 
 kites, coupled in tandem, was a large American flag, 
 flattened out in the strong south wind and bathed with 
 the glory of the May sunshine. After the Mayor had 
 proposed and led off three cheers for the Governor, 
 Mr. Marquand arose and said that the ceremonies 
 would begin with prayer by Bishop Potter. 
 
 THE INVOCATION OF BISHOP POTTER. 
 
 The Bishop, attired in full black robes, with velvet 
 mortarboard and purple tassel, offered the following 
 invocation, the spectators standing : 
 
 Almighty and everlasting God, the high and 
 mighty ruler of the universe, who dost from Thy 
 throne behold all the dwellers upon earth, most heartily 
 we beseech Thee to behold and bless these, Thy 
 servants, now gathered before Thee, and the under- 
 
 67 
 
taking which is here completed. We thank Thee that 
 in the day of small things among this people Thou 
 didst give to us the ruler and the man whom we have 
 striven here to commemorate, and we bless Thy holy 
 name for all the wonderful tokens of Thy grace and 
 wisdom which Thou didst reveal in him. 
 
 Endow with the spirit of wisdom the President of 
 the United States, the Governor of this Commonwealth, 
 and all those whom we entrust in Thy name with the 
 authority of governance, to the end that there be peace 
 at home, that we keep our place among the nations of 
 the world ; that so from henceforth this memorial arch, 
 spanning the highway over which the people pass, maj' 
 proclaim to all men the nation's gratitude and homage 
 to its founder, and recall to us that heavenly suffi- 
 ciency overarching our lives in which we wrought and 
 builded, and to which, as Thou, O Christ, hast taught 
 us, we forever lift our prayer. 
 
 For his wisdom, courage, singleness of purpose, 
 unselfishness and rare and singular foresight, we give 
 Thee thanks to-day. For all that he taught us by 
 his constancy to duty, his freedom from sordid aims 
 and motives, his steadfast and resplendent patriotism, 
 we bless and praise Thy name. Save us from the 
 folly that honors his memory and forgets to imitate his 
 example ; and grant to this people over whom he was 
 first of all chosen to rule, grace and courage to be 
 true to the principles which he both taught and lived. 
 And, O Almighty God, who in the former time 
 
 68 
 
ledst our fathers forth into a wealthy place, and didst 
 set their feet in a large room, give Thy grace to us, 
 their children, that we may always approve ourselves a 
 people mindful of Thy favor and glad to do Thy will. 
 Bless our laud with honorable industry, sound learn- 
 ing and pure manners. Defend our liberties preserve 
 onr unity. Save us from violence, discord and confu- 
 sion, from pride and arrogance and from every evil 
 way. Fashion into one happy people the multitudes 
 brought hither out of man}' kindreds and tongues. 
 
 GENERAL PORTER'S ORATION. 
 
 After the Lord's Prayer had been recited, Mr. 
 Marquand again rose and said : " We will now listen 
 to the orator of the day, General Horace Porter." 
 General Porter was warmly received, and his speech 
 was punctuated with applause throughout. He said : 
 
 We are told by Feltham that " Beauty itself is 
 such a silent orator that it is ever pleading for respect 
 and liking." The beauty of this noble work which we 
 assemble here to dedicate, with its massive form, its 
 chaste lines and its graceful proportions, speaks so 
 impressively for itself that there is little need of plead- 
 ing in its praise by him who has been asked to 
 address you. How thoroughly well the distinguished 
 architect has accomplished the important task intrusted 
 to him you who gaze upou his work to-day are able to 
 judge. The metropolis of the Nation is to be heartily 
 congratulated upon this conspicuous and meritorious 
 
 69 
 
addition to the monuments which contribute to its 
 embellishment. There is nothing which cultivates a 
 more refined taste in a community than the public 
 display of deserving artistic structures. They speak a 
 universal language and impart a lasting pleasure to 
 all. They appeal to our highest senses and awaken 
 our noblest emotions. The}' induce the power of 
 reflection and inspire us with the majesty of creative 
 faculty. 
 
 And it is proper at this ceremony of dedication to 
 refer to the earnest labors and untiring efforts of the 
 members of the committee to whom this structure owes 
 its existence, and especially to the good work of its 
 most efficient treasurer, Mr. William Rhiuelander 
 Stewart. 
 
 But the true purpose of this work is not the dis- 
 play of architectural skill or the mere embellishment 
 of a city ; it is to commemorate the one hundredth 
 anniversary of the inauguration of the Government 
 under the blessings of which we live, and to perpetuate 
 the memory of the exalted patriot who founded the 
 Republic. The form of an arch was happily chosen. 
 It is the symbol of cohesive strength and fitly typifies 
 the union of inseparable States. The spotless marble 
 of which it is composed is emblematic of the stainless 
 purity of the character of the immortal leader whose 
 name the structure bears. Washington impressed him- 
 self more profoundly on the civilized world than any 
 man of his time, and to-day the beneficent influence of 
 
 70 
 
his example is still potent throughout the globe. 
 Daniel Webster well said " America has given to the 
 world the character of Washington. If she had clone 
 nothing more, she would still be entitled to the grati- 
 tude of mankind." He has been wisely called " A first 
 without a second," and " The greatest of good men — 
 the best of great men." Enduring precepts, the 
 memory of resplendent virtues, and matchless lessons 
 in true manhood are the precious legacies he has 
 bequeathed to his countrymen. 
 
 It seems a wise dispensation of Providence which 
 deprived him of children of his own flesh and blood in 
 order that all Americans may equally call him father. 
 His early training appears to have been turned uncon- 
 sciously into those channels which formed the best 
 schools of instruction for both the camp and court in 
 which his future career was to lead him, and when the 
 weakest of colonies were to enter into a death struggle 
 with the strongest of nations, and the arts of peace 
 were to give place to the science of destruction, it was 
 a priceless boon to the American patriots that there 
 was a leader in their midst fully equipped for command, 
 who brought to the high office of commander-in-chief a 
 ripe judgment, a rare experience, a name which 
 inspired universal confidence. 
 
 Some superficial critics have endeavored to convey 
 the mpression that, while he filled with eminent satis- 
 faction all the trying positions in which he was placed, 
 he was preeminent in none. This view is especially 
 
 7i 
 
unjust to him as a soldier. The consummate military 
 skill which he displayed proved him a master of the 
 art of war. He was an ideal leader of troops, one of 
 the few commanders whose magnetic influence over 
 men was equalled by the display of an unerring judg- 
 ment in the field. 
 
 In his first engagement under Braddock we find 
 him performing prodigies of valor. Two horses were 
 killed under him, his clothes were pierced with four 
 bullets, and he was the only mounted officer who 
 escaped with his life. At Trenton we see him leading 
 the principal column in that gallant attack. At Prince- 
 ton he was again in the van of the battle, cheering on 
 his exhausted troops to victory, and charging so close 
 to the enemy's lines that his staff officers pulled their 
 hats over their eyes in order that they might be spared 
 the sight of their beloved chieftain's death. At Ger- 
 mantown we recall him as he rode under a withering 
 fire, contending against superior numbers of the enemy 
 and the mistakes of his subordinates. At Monmouth 
 we behold him struggling in the heat of battle to 
 counteract by his personal efforts the results of errors, 
 imbecility and treachery. 
 
 Wherever the exigencies of battle demanded a per- 
 sonal sacrifice he was always generous of his life. 
 Wherever blows fell thickest his crest was in their 
 midst. A graceful horseman, a knightly cavalier, the 
 magnetism of his presence turned routed squadrons 
 into charging columns and snatched victory from defeat. 
 
 72 
 
If he had never conducted any campaign other than 
 that in which he crossed the Delaware River with a 
 half-fed, half-clothed, fragment of an army, out-marched, 
 out-manoeuvred and out-fought the trained veterans of 
 Europe, and completely turned the tide of war, he 
 would have been entitled to stand in the front rank of 
 the world's great captains. No less a soldier than the 
 Great Frederick called the campaign for the rescue of 
 the Jerseys " the most brilliant achievement of any 
 recorded in the annals of military action." 
 
 In bringing to a successful termination that des- 
 perate and bloody contest of unequal warfare, Wash- 
 ington had displayed for eight long years the caution 
 of a Fabius and the daring of a Hannibal. He had 
 shown himself an Alexander without his lust of con- 
 quest, a Csesar without his imperialism, a Marlborough 
 without his lack of principle, a Napoleon without his 
 ambition. Slow in deliberation, sure in decision, clear 
 in foresight, heroic in action, neither elated by victory 
 nor depressed by defeat — he had been both the sword 
 and shield of the struggling Colonies, and from a sow- 
 ing of the bitter seeds of war had reaped a harvest of 
 perpetual peace. Washington's services now beacme 
 no less important in council than in camp. He corres- 
 ponded with the Governors of the States, and urged 
 the formation of a stronger form of government with 
 such cogency of reasoning and such irresistible logic 
 that, owing largely to his exertions, there was finally 
 brought together the memorable convention which 
 
 73 
 
framed the present Constitution of the United States. 
 Washington was made without dissent the presiding 
 officer of that bod}', and brought to its deliberations 
 such a wealth of statesmanlike knowledge that he 
 could convince when others could not advise. He had 
 studied every system of confederated government in the 
 whole range of the world's experience, from the Lyciau 
 and Aniphictyonic down to the Belgic and Germanic. 
 
 As all men foresaw, he was elected unanimously the 
 first President of the United States, and, upon his in- 
 auguration, a new star was added to the firmament of 
 nations. That memorable event in the world's history, 
 which proclaimed that liberty and sound government 
 were henceforth to be the birthright of the American 
 citizen, was the occurrence which yonder arch so fitly 
 commemorates. One hundred and six years ago in this 
 city the lips of Washington were pressed upon the Holy 
 Scriptures, and the hand which had hewn down oppres- 
 sion with the sword was uplifted in solemn oath to 
 support the Constitution and execute the laws of the 
 country his efforts had created. Washington had now 
 reached the highest eminence of human distinction. His 
 name was the most illustrious borne by living man. Re- 
 elected unanimously to the same high office, he spent 
 eight years in carrying into effect wholesome measures 
 for placing the Government upon a basis so firm that 
 it could not be dethroned from its supremacy. 
 
 As he ceased his official labors in behalf of his 
 contemporaries, he began his true service to posterity, 
 
 74 
 
for it was then that he penned that immortal farewell 
 address which will prolong his term of service through- 
 out all time. 
 
 The name of Washington has passed into history 
 and the scroll on which his deeds are written is securely- 
 lodged in the highest niche in Fame's temple. The 
 story of his life rises to the sublimity of an epic, the 
 record of his acts is worthy the contemplation of the 
 ages. Every preeminent leader in history stands for 
 some prominent idea. While Washington will always be 
 looked upon as the possessor of all the virtues which 
 adorn the human character, he will stand forth most 
 conspicuously as the embodiment of patriotism. With 
 him patriotism was neither an impulse nor a lesson of 
 reason, but a feeling engrafted upon his nature, a sen- 
 timent breathed into his nostrils at his very birth. 
 
 His physical, mental and moral qualities were in 
 exceptional accord. In stature he was six feet and two 
 inches, with well-developed limbs, a stately bearing and 
 a commanding presence. It has been beautifully said 
 of Stuart's lifelike portrait of him, that it is the " No- 
 blest personification of wisdom and goodness reposing in 
 the majesty of a serene countenance to be found on 
 canvas." While confident in his own uprightness, and 
 singularly self-reliant, his career was marked by devout 
 reverence and true Christian humility. He attached 
 men to him by the qualities of his heart as well as of 
 his head. He was slow in choosing and in changing 
 friends. His dignity always impressed; at times it 
 
 75 
 
overawed. Said Fisher Ames : " He changed mankind's 
 ideas of political greatness." His friends have sung 
 paeans in his honor, and even the wrath of his enemies 
 may be counted in his praise. We cannot better de- 
 scribe him than by repeating the words of Fox uttered 
 in the House of Commons : " Illustrious man, before 
 whom all borrowed greatness sinks into insignificance." 
 
 This noble arch will forever serve to perpetuate his 
 name and to mark the birth of our present form of free 
 and enlightened Government. The fact that it has been 
 reared by the voluntary contributions of the people will 
 give our citizens an individual interest in honoring it, 
 in preserving it. The hallowed memorials which clus- 
 ter about it will recall the heroic age of the Republic ; 
 it will point the path of loyalty to children yet unborn ; 
 its mute eloquence will plead for equal sacrifice should 
 danger ever threaten the liberties of the Nation. When 
 Washington was about to proceed to his first inaugu- 
 ration it was suggested to him that he should be 
 escorted by a military guard. He replied: "I want no 
 guard but the affections of the people." In the affec- 
 tions of the people his memory will be eternally en- 
 shrined. 
 
 76 
 
MR. MARQUAND'S REMARKS. 
 
 At the conclusion of General Porter's address the 
 chairman of the committee, Henry G. Marquand, spoke 
 as follows : 
 
 It must give every good citizen of this metropolis 
 great pleasure to hear of the finishing of this monu- 
 ment. The work has been a constant source of pleasure 
 and profit. It has proved from the manner in which the 
 funds have been raised that amid the excitements and 
 drain incident to a busy commercial life thought can be 
 given to history, art, and the rearing of enduring monu- 
 ments, which become a necessity in all great cities. 
 The building of this structure has been the outcome of 
 thought and culture among the masses. The money 
 was not raised among a few wealthy subscribers, but 
 has come from widely different sources, and the interest 
 has been general. It came from no sudden and deep 
 impulse, such as the death of Washington would have 
 produced had it occurred recently, but from calm and 
 just appreciation of the immortal patriot. This lay at 
 the root of the enterprise. It has shown, also, the 
 popular desire for good architecture, and the arch 
 becomes a lesson, teaching the great principles of art 
 to consist in simplicity, beauty of form, adaptation to 
 use and appropriateness of situation, and not in mere 
 ornamentation solely. 
 
 77 
 
We have announced the practical finishing of the 
 work, but it is in many ways like the work of educa- 
 tion. We may still make progress and go further on, 
 and some thoughtful ones will in due time crown the 
 monument with chaste and proper historic figures. 
 Time will mellow and tone the now brilliant material. 
 The contemplation of this arch will lead many to study 
 the character of the man who lives so profoundly in 
 our memory, and a century has only served to heighten 
 the esteem which the world had for him. 
 
 Some three centuries since an Italian author 
 sought to lay down rules of conduct which should 
 guide a citizen of a republic, and his labors extended 
 to several hundred pages of directions. A shorter for- 
 mula we may proclaim in this new republic of ours, 
 and that would be, Read the life and follow the 
 example of George Washington. 
 
 Since every high-class work of beauty adds to the 
 attraction and enhances the value of property, we may 
 feel sure that our men of wealth will encourage the 
 building of other arches and public works, and that 
 our school of architecture and sculpture will yet rank 
 high among the modern nations of the earth. 
 
 We are pleased to record the cooperation of the 
 city authorities, without which this monument could 
 not have been raised. 
 
 The key of the monument will now be handed to you, 
 Mr. Mayor, by the treasurer, Mr. William R. Stewart, 
 whose labors and activity have been so conspicuous. 
 
 78 
 
FORMALLY TRANSFERRED TO THE CITY. 
 
 The ceremony of presenting the key of the arch 
 to the city authorities was then gone through with. 
 This duty fell on William Rhinelander Stewart, the 
 treasurer, and most active member of the committee. 
 
 MR. STEWART'S ADDRESS. 
 Mr. Stewart, addressing Mayor Strong, said : 
 
 Your Honor : In behalf of the Committee on the 
 Erection of the Washington Arch, formed in 1889, it 
 is my privilege to transfer to you, in your representa- 
 tive character as the Chief Magistrate of the City of 
 New York, the beautiful civic monument which Stan- 
 ford White's genius conceived, and the subscriptions of 
 public-spirited fellow-citizens have enabled us to build. 
 The structure, although substantially complete, still 
 lacks for its embellishment two groups of statuary. 
 The pedestals for these stand ready. The committee 
 purposes continuing its organization until it shall have 
 seen them filled. 
 
 Remembering that you yourself have been from 
 the beginning an active member of the committee, we 
 are the more pleased that the arch should pass to the 
 city during your administration. 
 
 THE MAYOR'S REPLY. 
 In reply Mayor Strong said: 
 
 It is with glowing pride that I accept this key to- 
 day from one of the brightest patriots of the present 
 
 79 
 
time, William Rliinelauder Stewart, a man whom the 
 whole city of New York, the present generation and 
 perhaps succeeding generations will always remember, 
 for the indomitable perseverance and untiring energy he 
 displayed in raising the money necessary to complete 
 this beautiful arch, which has been raised in commemo- 
 ration of the first President of this country, and, as has 
 been well said here, one of the brightest stars in the 
 government of nations. 
 
 I was a member of the committee, but did nothing 
 toward raising the money. It is, therefore, with pecu- 
 liar pleasure that I pass to-day to the President of the 
 Park Board of the City of New York, the key, know- 
 ing well that the interest he took in creating this beau- 
 tiful arch will ever remind him of his duty, not only 
 to guard carefully this structure, but to see that its 
 surroundings will ever be kept in the purest and most 
 beautiful manner, and in a way appropriate to the 
 character of George Washington, whom it commemorates. 
 
 This speech was received with great enthusiasm. 
 
 The Mayor then handed the key to David H. King, 
 Jr., of the Park Department. Mr. King received it with 
 a few words expressive of his pleasure and desire to 
 follow out the Mayor's instructions. 
 
 THE REVIEW. 
 
 Four o'clock was the hour when the Governor ar- 
 rived. It was after five o'clock before the speeches were 
 over and the ground cleared for the review. Headed by 
 
 80 
 
General Fitzgerald and Staff and his escort of Signal 
 Corps troopers, the brigade moved down the avenue, 
 company front, filling the street from curb to curb. 
 General Fitzgerald and Staff wheeled to the west and 
 took their position beneath the reviewing stand. At the 
 head of the infantry came the Ninth Regiment Band, 
 playing a spirited inarch, into every other bar of which 
 they would interject a humorous shout of " Hurrah ! 
 Hurrah ! " with great effect. As the band reached the 
 open space before the arch it wheeled to the east, faced 
 about aud continued playing as the regiment swept by. 
 When the lrst water carrier or member of the Ambulance 
 Corps of each regiment had passed, its band stopped play- 
 ing, and fell in behind the regiment. It was a pretty and 
 stirring spectacle. The music of the bands was fine, 
 and the inarching of the men excellent. The white coats 
 of the Twenty-second Regiment followed the blue uni- 
 forms of the Ninth Regiment. The Seventh came next 
 with its usual accompaniment of rippling applause. 
 The tall men of the Twelfth were followed by the easy 
 swing of the veteran Seventy-first. The Sixty-ninth 
 and the Eighth regiments brought up the rear, march- 
 ing in their customary excellent form. After the 
 troops of the line came Captain Wendel's artillery, and 
 then the pale-faced sailor boys of the Naval Brigade 
 swung by, with arms ported and machine guns jingling 
 in the rear. They were loudly applauded. The new 
 drum corps of the Reserve, composed of schoolboys, 
 dressed in white duck suits, made its first appearance 
 
 in the line on this occasion. 
 
 81 
 
After the parade was over, Governor Morton drove 
 back to the hotel with his escort, taking General Porter 
 with him. The uniforms of the Governor's Staff were 
 rich, but not more noticeable than those of the other 
 officers for gorgeousness. The members of the Staff who 
 rode behind the Governor's carriage were Adjutant-Gen- 
 eral McAlpin, Colonel Satterlee, Colonel Astor, Colonel 
 Turner, General Hayes, General Whitlock, General 
 Wallace, General Wiley, Major Burbank, Colonel Rogers, 
 Colonel James, Colonel Agnew, General Terry, General 
 McLewee, General Varnum, General Carroll and Gen- 
 eral Noyes. 
 
 82 
 
XlXHaebtn^ton Hrcb 
 
 Xist of Subscriber 
 
 (©ne Ibunoreo Dollars anD ©ver). 
 
Iproceeos of benefit given 
 bp. flb. ipaoercwsfci ano 
 tbe JBoston Spmpbong 
 ©rcbestra, flftarcb 27tb, 
 1892. 
 
 $4,500. 
 
 JBrown 30cos. & do. 
 
 $1,000. 
 
 ©eorge fl. Seneg. 
 
 $1,550. 
 
 
 J. Clafltn & Co. 
 
 $1,000. 
 
 
 a CM3en. 
 
 $1,000. 
 
 EowarD Cooper. 
 
 $1,000. 
 
 Hnongmoug Jrleno. 
 
 $1,000. 
 
 Millfam fi. E>ooge. 
 
 $1,000. 
 
 85 
 
©rejel, Morgan & Go. 
 
 $1,000. 
 
 SlejanDer Duncan. 
 
 $1,000. 
 
 ©. milUs James. 
 
 $1,000. 
 
 Norton, 3BU68 & Go. 
 
 $r,ooo. 
 
 Jobn Ca^lor 3obnston. 
 
 $1,000. 
 
 flMss Julta IRbtnelanoer. 
 
 $1,000. 
 
 86 
 
St. TFUcbolae Club. 
 
 $1,000. 
 
 5- TRU. Seltgman <S Co. 
 
 $1,000. 
 
 UDUlUam TL. Strong. 
 
 $1,000. 
 
 /Bits. Xtspenaro Stewart. 
 
 $1,000. 
 
 Gammatrg 1ball 
 ©eneral Committee. 
 
 TMUinam TR. Stewart. 
 
 dlbrs. /B. S. Wan JBeuren. 
 
 $1,000. 
 
 87 
 
Ibenrg (3. flfcarquano. 
 
 $750. 
 
 ©eorge TCI. WanoerbUt. 
 
 $1,000. 
 
 met proceeds of .JBenefit 
 IPerformancc, /BbaDlson 
 Square {Theatre, d&ag 
 I9tb, 1891. 
 
 $612.30. 
 
 Mrs. TCI. t 
 
 ). Danoerbllt. 
 
 $1,000. 
 
 
 TCUnslow, lanter & Co. 
 
 $1,000. 
 
 EDwarO 2>. BDams. 
 
 $500. 
 
 88 
 
a Jrteno of tbe Brcb. 
 
 $500. 
 
 Hmtlliam Bdtor. 
 
 $500. 
 
 SlfreD Corning Glarh. 
 
 $500. 
 
 - — , _ 
 
 flbrs. TEQlni. 36. DoOge, Sr. 
 
 $500. 
 
 flfcrs. 3obn G. <5reen. 
 
 $500. 
 
 /Dbre. flftarg flfc. Sones. 
 
 $500. 
 
 a. H>. JutlUaro <£ do. 
 
 $500. 
 
 Cbarles Xanter. 
 
 $500. 
 
 89 
 
"Mm. C. Scbermerborn. 
 
 $500. 
 
 Jacob *>. Scbiff. 
 
 $500. 
 
 Sosepb puller. 
 
 $500. 
 
 5obn D. IRochefeller. 
 
 $500. 
 
 90 
 
Ctffaug & Co. 
 
 $500. 
 
 Seventb IRegtment, 
 
 m. s. m. 
 
 $443- 2 5- 
 
 Society of Smateur ipbo* 
 tograpbers of flew IJorR. 
 
 $372.74- 
 
 Samuel S>. 36abcock. 
 $35°. 
 
 Bugustus S>. Sbepaio. 
 $35°- 
 
 "Mm. Stelnwas & Sous. 
 
 $35°- 
 
 [ 
 
 Cbomas Concert proceeos. 
 $335-84- 
 
 Cornelius m. ^Itss. 
 $300. 
 
 91 
 
<3eorge JEbret. 
 
 $300. 
 
 Jobn Jacob Bstor. 
 
 $250. 
 
 ladies' Committee of (Two, 
 Delmonico Dancee. (bal.) 
 
 $300. 
 
 Stmon JBorg & Co. 
 
 $250. 
 
 Ibxe. jf. S. "Uattberbee. 
 
 $300. 
 
 Jobn X. Caowalaoer. 
 
 $250. 
 
 Bnorew Carnegie. 
 
 $250. 
 
 92 
 
flftra. BlfreD C. dark. 
 
 $250. 
 
 TRobert ©unlap & Co. 
 
 $250. 
 
 Damilton fflsb. 
 
 $250. 
 
 Cbarles ff>. Dalg. 
 
 $250. 
 
 3. 1b. ©autter. 
 
 $250. 
 
 93 
 
Dector C. t>avemeger. 
 
 $250. 
 
 Seflerson /Vs. Xevg. 
 
 $250. 
 
 dfcoiris 1?. $esup. 
 
 $250. 
 
 ©eorge Xewts, Jr. 
 
 $250. 
 
 -94 
 
1R. t». /Iftace & Co. 
 
 $250. 
 
 3obn paton 5 Co. 
 
 $250. 
 
 Cbarles t>ratt & Co. 
 
 $250. 
 
 ©swalD ©ttenoorfer. 
 
 $250. 
 
 Cbarles 3F. TRoe. 
 
 $250. 
 
 ©arts, alien & Co. 
 
 $250. 
 
 Cbarles 1b. IRussell. 
 
 $250. 
 
 95 
 
DavtD Stewart. 
 
 $250. 
 
 Senhtng li)an Scbalcfc. 
 
 $250. 
 
 96 
 
IDermtlsea & Co. 
 
 $250. 
 
 _ I 
 
 
 3. 3. ma. 
 
 $250. 
 
 
 Jerome JOS. HUbeeler. 
 
 $250. 
 
 tors. Jobn C. "flBlorR. 
 
 $250. 
 
 $250. 
 
 Returns from Caeb JBoj 
 at Srcb. 
 
 $202.41. 
 
 Srnolo, Constable & Co. 
 
 $200. 
 
 1R. C. Bucbmutg. 
 
 $200. 
 
 97 
 
©eorge jf. JBaher. 
 
 $200. 
 
 BlfreD 3. Gammeser. 
 
 $200. 
 
 C. G. JBalDwin. 
 
 $200. 
 
 38. 0. Clar&e. 
 
 $200. 
 
 S>avl& W. JBtabop. 
 
 98 
 
jEowaro 1b. Coster. 
 
 $200. 
 
 3obn 1b. ©avis. 
 
 $200. 
 
 3obn D. Crimmins. 
 
 $200. 
 
 Cbarles 2>e1Rbam. 
 
 $200. 
 
 1R. ffulton Cutting. 
 
 $200. 
 
 1b. C. jfabnestocft. 
 
 $200. 
 
 m. JBagaro Cutting. 
 
 $200. 
 
 5. a. ©arlano. 
 
 $200. 
 
 99 
 
SbepparD "fknapp & Go. 
 
 $200. 
 
 TWUinam 1?. ©race. 
 
 $200. 
 
 O. 3B. Xlbbeg. 
 
 $200. 
 
 B. Ilselin & Co. 
 
 $200. 
 
 James 1b. Jones. 
 
 $200. 
 
 100 
 
Jobn IE. parsons. 
 
 $200. 
 
 ■Roosevelt & Son. 
 
 $200. 
 
 AMss flJearsall. 
 
 $200. 
 
 EHbu IRoot. 
 
 $200. 
 
 Ulogo pboenlj. 
 
 $200. 
 
 jp. a. Scbermetbotn. 
 
 $200. 
 
 3. Ibampoen TRobb. 
 
 $200. 
 
 IpbUip Scbuslet. 
 
 $200. 
 
 101 
 
3amca Slater. 
 
 $200. 
 
 1benn? IDMaro. 
 
 $200. 
 
 ■feenreSff. Spauloing. 
 
 $200. 
 
 3ame6 fib. "Uflaterbun?. 
 
 $200. 
 
 3. IkenncDB Coo & Co. 
 
 $200. 
 
 BlfrcO 1R. TObttneB. 
 
 $200. 
 
 3obn JB. Crcvor. 
 
 $200. 
 
 102 
 
jfranh S. TWUtberbee. 
 
 $200. 
 
 Dr. Sbram SJuffiofs. 
 
 $150. 
 
 jobn *>. KAgman. 
 
 $200. 
 
 E. 33. Ibarpet. 
 
 $150. 
 
 IRanOolpb ©uggenbeimer. 
 
 $i75- 
 
 Sobn 3B. flrelanb. 
 
 $150. 
 
 Cbarles Delmonlco. 
 
 $150. 
 
 HflltlUam tib. "ftingslanD. 
 
 $150. 
 
 103 
 
Society of Bmertcan 
 artists. 
 
 ,150. 
 
 Sweetjer, ipembroofc S. (Jo. 
 
 $150. 
 
 3ames IRemvicK. 
 
 $150. 
 
 rt&rs. flbars C. scrgmser. 
 
 $150. 
 
 104 
 
flfocCabc JBroa. 
 
 $125. 
 
 Jetrace fowling Club. 
 
 $125. 
 
 
 a ffrtenD. 
 
 $100. 
 
 
 flbts. dbas. 36. BlejanDer. 
 
 $100. 
 
 105 
 
©antel Jf. Bppleton. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 S>. Bpplcton & Co. 
 
 $100. 
 
 Samuel p. Bvcrg. 
 
 $100. 
 
 If. g. Bger. 
 
 $100. 
 
 /tors. 31 
 
 3. C. JJabbitt. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 
 JBafcer, Smitb & Co. 
 
 $100. 
 
 106 
 
JBanfle, GracB, Stetson & 
 dftacDeacib, 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 a. X. Barber. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Barbour Broe. Co. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 t>entB 1, Barbeg. 
 
 $ I oo. 
 
 Xawrence Barrett. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 B. E. Bateman. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Oerarb Beeftman. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 3. TWUlltam Beehman. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 107 
 
X. t>. tBiglow. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Isaac JGcii 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 E. 3. JBerwlnD. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 ifreOertc f>. Setts. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 1 08 
 
Clarence Wl. JBowen. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 jfreDerlc JBroneon. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 fists, Xlogo S. J3rtce. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 James a. JSutDen. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Cbarlee JButler. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Gbarles 36. ^Sutler. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 JButler, Sttllman & •foubbaro. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 jfreo. JButterfielo & do. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 109 
 

 Caeb. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 
 "R. Wi. Cameron & do. 
 
 $100. 
 
 
 Caeb. 
 
 $100. 
 
 
 Booison CammacR. 
 
 $100. 
 
 
 Caeb. 
 
 $100. 
 
 
 no 
 
Cbarlea if. Cbickerlnfl. 
 
 $ IOO. 
 
 Joaepb lb. Cboate. 
 
 $ too. 
 
 Clack, ©ooge & Co. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 ©eo. a. Clark & JBrotber. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 ©rover Cleveland. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Ibenrg Clewa. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 "Mm. ff>. Clgoe & Co. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Cbarles %. Colbv?. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Ill 
 
dfcrs. JEowaro Cooper. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 a. 1R. Conftllng. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Ibieeee Cooper. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 "CU. E. Connor. 
 
 $100. 
 
 Srcbtnsbop Corrtgan. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 112 
 
t>. Cranston. 
 
 $ IOO. 
 
 Paul Dana. 
 
 $roo. 
 
 D. ». 10. S. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 
 D. <J, 
 
 $ I oo. 
 
 
 113 
 
mvs. TR. m. ©c forest. 
 
 a. m>. ©ooae. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 £. ip. Dutton & Co. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 114 
 
CbeoDore TMl. Bwtgbt. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Bmos IR. Eno. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Eavl 8. Wilson. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Davlo lewis Evans. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 115 
 
"Rosvvell p. jf lower. 
 
 ijosiab /lb. fftgfce. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Gordon X. /oro. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 116 
 
jfveOerich He p*. jfoeter. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 $100. 
 
 Cbarles (5. jfrancfelgn. 
 
 $100. 
 
 CbeoC>ore "fcane Qibbs. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 ffrancis JS. Jfreeman. 
 
 $100. 
 
 jfreDecick ©ooOrtOge. 
 
 $100. 
 
 Jf. ®. jfrencb. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 II 
 
tmgb 5. ©rant. 
 
 $100. 
 
 "Ibarpei .H3rotbers. 
 
 (i 00. 
 
 3. 1H. a. Ortswol?. 
 
 mt*. ui. 5. ©ucnee. 
 
 $ 100. 
 
 /Bits. t3. 6. Daren. 
 
 $100. 
 
 118 
 
fritcbcocfc, Darling & Co. 
 
 $ I oo. 
 
 ©eorfie IboaolE. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 TR. Hyoe & Co. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Jobn Tbcrrdnan, 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 j£. S. tjotfman. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 119 
 
*>. .t3. ttoUtHB S. CO. 
 
 $ 1 oo. 
 
 Colgate "fcogt. 
 
 $100. 
 
 Eowin t»olnic6. 
 
 $100. 
 
 $. Dumpbregfi. 
 
 $100. 
 
 t>orace X. Ixncbfciss. 
 
 $100. 
 
 TRtcbarfr to. "tount. 
 
 $ 100. 
 
 ttcot JSrotbcrs. 
 
 $ I CO. 
 
 tors. Saiab 1. t>urtt. 
 
 $100. 
 
 120 
 
t>enrg 33. DeOe. 
 
 $100. 
 
 jfl&fss if ranees Sobnston. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Kvtson, JBlafceman & Co. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 3. Iberbert Jobnston. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 3obn D. Jones. 
 
 121 
 
IRebecca m. 3ones. 
 
 $ IOO. 
 
 Eowaro "fcemp. 
 
 $ I oo. 
 
 ticck, fiho&er S. Co. 
 
 $ I oo. 
 
 <3eorge Ikemp. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 fibre, a. J8. "fcelloaa. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 3ames p. Tkernocban. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 122 
 
Sobn King. 
 
 $100. 
 
 dbarlea <S. Xanfcon. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 "RicbarD King. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 123 
 
dftn*. 3. jf. ©. Xanier 
 
 124 
 
Xeeber, HBlbttman & Co. 
 
 $ [OO. 
 
 S. Xoeb. 
 
 $100. 
 
 Itncoln dlub. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 a. a. xow. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 t>. Z. Xtvinciston. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 125 
 
O. XL. /Rachcs <£ Co. 
 
 $ IOO. 
 
 ■feeing flftatllaro. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 XUilliam /ifcan. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 ISraMeg Martin. 
 
 $ IOO. 
 
 ilhts. m. K. /ifccCreaoe. 
 
 $100. 
 
 Barnes /BbcCreerg <S Co. 
 
 $100. 
 
 Cbeooore TIU. /fcgere. 
 
 $100. 
 
 $100. 
 
 126 
 
$100. 
 
 fats. Cornelia p. /DMrcbell. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 E. ®. dfcorgan. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Ate. p. B. Aorgan. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 George B. toorrlson. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 
 Ar. Gasb. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 
 tHcw Uorfc 2>atlg "fflevvg. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 B. Xanfear Worrie. 
 
 $100. 
 
 127 
 
patriotic ©roer Sons of 
 Bmertca. 
 
 5obn ©sborn, Son & Co. 
 
 George jfostec peabobg. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 128 
 
flMatt & JBowers, 
 
 3ames V\. (Matt. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 1b. a. D. post. 
 
 $100. 
 
 TKHUUam ilk. fcrlcbarO. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 129 
 
3Bruc< price. 
 
 $100. 
 
 ff. TKH. ITRbtncIanOec. 
 
 $100. 
 
 1ReC> © Xlne of S. S. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Z. 3. Oakleg IRbtnelanoer. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 lUUltam IRemsen. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Mrs. Josepbtne B. "Roe. 
 
 $100. 
 
 TRemvtcfc, Bsplnwall & 
 IRenwtcfe. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 B. 5. "Koeenbaum. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 130 
 
Cbarles JB. TRouss. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Srcblbalo ©. TRussell. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 TWUlllam 1b. TRuesell. 
 
 $100. 
 
 Tborace TRuesell. 
 
 $100. 
 
 Eowaro G. Sampson. 
 
 $100. 
 
 fl&rs. arcblbalo TRussell. 
 
 $100. 
 
 Samuel S. SanDs. 
 
 $100. 
 
 131 
 
Eowaro Scbell. 
 
 $100. 
 
 Samuel Sloan. 
 
 $100. 
 
 $obn 2). SlagbacR. 
 
 132 
 
Smttb, 1>ogg & ©aroner. 
 
 $100. 
 
 3. Stepbenaon Co. Xtmfteo. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 IRoawell Smitb. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Stern JBros. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Speger & Co. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 •©A. tt>. StarbucR. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 flbrs. paran Stevens. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 133 
 
flhiee Bntta Stewart. 
 
 $100. 
 
 3amee Sttllman. 
 
 $100. 
 
 rtftrs. 1Um. H. Stewart. 
 
 $100. 
 
 Bnaon pbelps Stokes. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 lUm. TR. Stewart, Jr. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 JE. 5. Stokes. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Josepb Sttckneg. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 134 
 
dbarle0 E. Strong. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Gbe 3. %. toott flron THIlorfts. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 flhxe. JSenj. %. Swan, Jr. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Zbc "RccorOer. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 C. f>. GenneB. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Samuel Gbomas. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 135 
 
CracE, J8oac5man & JMatt. 
 
 $100. 
 
 Spencer Crasfe. 
 
 $100. 
 
 fjenrg Dan ScbalcR. 
 
 $100. 
 
 JEmpIoges of Cucfeaboe 
 flbarble Co. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 2>. 5. TSflalton & Co. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 136 
 
3amc6 £. Hfflaro & Co. 
 
 $100. 
 
 <5eo. peaboou TJMetmore. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 HUl. Sewaro mebb. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 137 
 
"Wllblte Star Xtne. 
 
 $100. 
 
 TKHUltam (5. TWUleon. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 HintUiam C HQlbitnes. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 Erastus THIUman. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 dfcarla TOlillets. 
 
 138 
 
/fcaetec X, S. TWUtbetbee. 
 
 $100. 
 
 %. (5. HClooDbouse. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 ftus. d. Jf. THfloertecboffer. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 James Z. TtdoobwarO. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 5obn Hflolfe. 
 
 $100. 
 
 5. *enrg "Work. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 
 a. Moitt. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 
 IbetUB K. TWlortbtngton. 
 
 $IOO. 
 
 139 
 
W. V. & B. 
 
 $100. 
 
 "Recctveo 
 in sums of lees tban $100, 
 $27,639.41. 
 
 TSUBCfcoff, Seamans & 
 JSeneotct. 
 
 $100. 
 
 pro Hata Sbares of "dncx* 
 penoeo Surplus of 5et>= 
 cntssflve Contributors 
 to prellmtnacB Ejpcnec 
 Juno of TKHorlo's ffair— 
 
 3obn 3. "CUBSong. 
 
 $100. 
 
 $3,984.05. 
 
 Cotal, $96,376.54. 
 
 Cotal fimount Subscribes, 
 $128,000.00. 
 
 140 
 
tW- t$M t$®& 
 
 A&mii the Bearer, on Tuesday, jgprif 30, 
 to the (grand Stand on 'Washington Square, 
 
 on the occasion of the 
 
 dedication of tfe ^as^in^ton jflrcli 
 
 Jfiid its '(bransfer to the City Authorities 
 
 !JbiJ the Committee organized in 1889 for the 
 Srection of the DdZonument, 
 
 Amission at 2.30 p. m. Ceremonies begin at 3.^5 p. m. 
 
 THIS TICKET MUST RE GIVEN UP ON ENTERING THE STAND. 
 
 FAC-SIMILE OF CARD OF ADMISSION TO GRAND STAND. 
 
1 
 
 \ 
 
♦ 
 
I