Ex Hthrtfi SEYMOUR DURST 'When you leave, please leave this book Because it has been said "£ver'thing comes t' him who waits E-xcept a loaned book. " Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library Gin OK Srymour B. Durst Old York Lirrary f 1 f ■ Digitized by tine Internet Arcliive in 2013 http://arcliive.org/cletails/twoamericastlieirOOunse I I 1878. HISTORY OF THE Two Americas, CONTAINING A HISTORY OF THE POLICE OF NEW YORK AND BROOKLYN. THE TWO AMERICAS. THEIR COMPLETE HISTORY, FROM TFIE EARLIEST DISCOVERIES TO TILE PRESENl^ DAY BT THE "FATHERS OF AMERICAN HISTORY." CONTAINING, WITHOUT A HKIDGM ENT, BELKNAP'S BIOGRAPHIES OF TllE EARLY DISCOVERERS; (IRAIIAME'S HISTORY OF NORTH AMERICA; DR. ROBERTSON'S HISTORY OF SOUTH AMERICA; AND RAMSAY'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. AND .\N .APPENDIX HY PROF. H. L. WILLIAMS, BRINGING THE HISTORY OF BOTH NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA DOWN TO THE PRESENT DAY. To WHICH AKE ADDED HUBBARD'S HISTORY OF THE INDIAN WARS IN NEW ENGLAND, AND "A GENEIJAL SUMMARY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNITED STATES IN NATIONAL WEALTH, IN DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN COMMERCE, MANUKACTUIJES, AGRICULTURE, AND MINING, TOGETHER WITH DETAILS RELATING TO THEIR SOCIAL PROGRESS, THEIR SYSTEM OF PUBLIC EDUCATION, AND THE MORAL ADVANCEMENT OF THE PEOPLE." WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY P. C. HEADLEY. F[/L/. CHRONOLOGY--HISTORICAL, BIOGRAPHICAL, AND GENERAL—DATING FROM THE YEAR 458 TO THE PRESENT TIME. A COPIOUS GENERAL INDEX, THE WHOLE FORMING A HISTORY OF THE TWO AMERICAN CONTINENTS, UNSURPASSED FOR FULNE-^S AND UNEQUALED AS A BOOK OF REFERENCE. ILLUSTRATED WITH THIPxTY-FOUR FULL-PAGE STEEL ENGRAVINGS CHICAGO: A. L. COBU R N & CO. 1878. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1878, by HENRY S. ALLEN, the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. TO THE PEOPLE OF AMERICA. wnosB EFFORTS IN TEE- CAUSE OF POLITICAL LIBERTY OIYE A PECULIAR CHARACTER TO THE RECORDS OF THE PAST CENTURY, AND nv wnoM TnH GEllMS OF FREEDOM INHERITED FROM THE OLD WORLD HAVE BEEN MADE TO DEVELOP FRUITS THAT AI;E A BLESSING TO CIATLIZATIOIT, AND THIS WORK, JIeCOI\DING the I^AF^J^ATiVE OF THEIf^ |ilSTORY, ll'ROM TRD EARLIEST TO THE LATEST TIMES. IS FAITHFUL LY PREFACE. Is this volume wc present to tbe public a history of tlic two American Continents, from the pens of our ablest his- torians, continued in each instance by competent writers to the present time. For purposes of reference, and in order to render the design as complete as possible, we have prefixed to the portion which is more purely historical, the excellent biographies of the early discoverers which were written by the accomplished scholar and divine. Dr. Belknap. The record of those men must not be forgotten. For the early history, from the first voyage of Columbus, through the stirring events that signalized the settlement of Central and South America, the gi-eat work of Dr. Robertson possesses clainis which are pre-eminent. It therefore fitly occupies the next place, but with an additional chapter, wherein are traced the gi-adual development of the several South American Republics, and the formation of Brazil into a separate Empire. "We follow the chain of events in North America from the period of the early settlement, down to that of the English revolution of 1688, aided by the impartial pen of Mr. Grahame ; henceforth rel}-ing upon a number of equally accredited authorities till we reach the last fourth of the eighteenth century. At this eventful point in our history, we have had recourse to the lucid nan'ative that has come to us from the pen of Mr. Ramsay. But the result of his labors extends only to 1807. For subsequent history we have therefore adopted the sanie course as in perfecting the continuation of Dr. Robertson's work on South America. Rich materials lay in abundance before us in both cases. We have used the best means at our disposal to gather them together, and, with the most suitable of them, to produce a work which shall be at once authentic and as far as possible complete. It has been said, that ours is the only nation which has no age of fable. This is only partly true. It is true of the United States, but it is not true of America. The history of that time which preceded the great discovery by Columbus IS a page which has yet to be written. Perhaps it never can be fully written. But it refers to an age of fable than which no part of the world offers any that is more interesting, or probably more marvellous. "We cannot lose sight of this, for we are treating not only of this Republic which has no such fabulous epoch, but of the entire American conti- nent ; and our work begins, at the moment when the fabulous portion of that history ends. Our aim has been to con- struct, upon a combined chronological and geographical basis, a narrative of all the leading events in American history, wherewith to secure at once a work of reference upon the widest scale, and at the same time a volume of pleasant inter, est which shall be acceptable to the people. The life of a nation should mark the moral and intellectual progress of its inhabitants ; and if that be trae, the stoiy is one which surely none of us can well alford to leave unread. C O ]\ T E ]\ '1' ^. BIOGRAPHIES OF THE EARLY DISCOVERERS. CHAPTER I. PAGE BiRON : His Discovery of Iceland and Greenland — An Account of his Voyage — Character and Appearance of the Natives . • . . 1 CHAPTER II. Maboc : Ilia Supposed Discovery of America — An Account of his Voyage Examined — Ihe Improbability of the Story 2 CHAPTER III. Zeno : His Rank and Birth — He SaOs on a Voyage of Discovery — Is over- talieu by a Storm — Aj'rives at Frisland — Dilliculties with the Natives — His Death — His brother Antonio talies the Command ... 3 CHAPTER IV. COLTTMBUS: His Reasons for seeking India by Westerly Route — His Four Voyages, and the Hardships and Difficulties he underwent — He is Shipwrecked on Jamaica — His Death and Character .... 4 CHAPTER V. Americits Vespucius: His Birth and Education — His Scientific Researches — His First Voyage to America and Claims as a Discoverer — The Naming of the Continent . . CHAPTER VI. John and Sebastian Cabot : The Commission of King Henry VII. — They Sail on a Voyage of Discovery, and sight Land — Description of the New Country — Return to England — Sebastian starts on a Second Voyage CHAPTER VII. James Cartier : Sails on a Voyage of Discovery, reaches the Island of Newfoundland — Finds Chaleur Bay — His Interview with the Natives — Danacona, the Indian Chief — His Stratagem — Indian Recei)ti<>n of Cartior and his Companions — Character, Habits, and Customs of the Indians — Further Discoveries — The Expedition attacked by Disease- Carter falics Possession of the Country — Returns to France with two of the Natives— A Second Voyage — Kind Reception by the Indians. . CHAPTER VIII. f EKDiNANDO DE SoTO : Lands in Florida— Advances into the Interior — Dilliculties with the Natives— His Death 10 10 11 13 America- Arrival at Virginia— Smith Is taken Prisoner by the In- dians, and Condemned to Dcatli— He Is Saved by Pocahontas— His Release, and subsequent Discoveries — He is made President of Vir- ginia—His Fame among tlie Indians— Returns to England— The His- tory of Pocahontas— Smith's Literaiy Works and Death . CHAPTER IX. Humphret Gilbert: Voyage of Master Hore — Great Sufferings of the Party — Seizure of French Vessel — Sir H. Gilbert receives a Com- mission from Queen Elizabeth — He Sails, and is overtaken by a Storm —Lands on Newfoundland, and takes Possession of the Island — Cor- dial Reception by the Natives — A Government Established — Ship- wreck and Death . - 14 CHAPTER X. BiR Walter Raleigh and Sir Richard Grenville : Raleigh obtains a Commission from Queen Elizabeth, and sails for America — His ar- rival at Woeocon — Granganimeo, the Indian Chief — Description of an Indian Village — Kind Reception by the Natives— Return to Eng- land—Second Expedition under Sir. R. Grenville— Settlement of Vir- g'nia — Death of Granganimeo — Revenge of his brother, Wingina — is Death— A Third Expedition — Progress of Virginia and its ulti- mate Desertion — Introduction of Tobacco into Europe — Anecdote of Sir Walter Raleigh 15 CHAPTER XI. John de Fcca : His Adventures and Discoveries— The Attempt to Pro- cure him a Commission 16 CHAPTER XII. Uarthoiomew Gosnold: His Arrival in Virginia— Description of the Coaat— Visit from the Indians— Abandonment of the Colony by the English CHAPTER XIII. John Smith : Sketch of his Career— He joins the Austrian Army- His Encounter with the Turks— Is made a Prisoner, and sold as a Slave- Escapes, and Returns to England— Meets Gcsnold. and they sail to 17 CHAPTER XIX, 1? CHAPTER XIV. De Monts, Poutrincourt and Champlain : De Mont's Patent for Acadia — His Fort at St. Croix— Champlain NavipUes the St. Law- rence — Builds a Fort at Quebec — Discovers the Lake that bears his Name— Surrenders Quebec to the English- His Character and Death 24 CHAPTER XV. Febdinando Gorges and John Mason : Discovery of a Plot Dgainst Queen Elizabeth — Gorges Defends himself before Parliament — Hia Complaint against the Dutch — Misfortunes and Death — Mason's Plantation at "Piscataqua — Massachusetts Established — Plans for In- dependence Suspected — Province of Maine — The Form of Govern- ment — Protected, and afterwards Purchased by Massachusetts . . 26 CHAPTER XVI. Henry Hudson : Sails on a Voyage of Discovery — Anives at Sandy Hook — Attempts to Sail up the River — Hostility of the Natives — Re- turns to England — His Second Voyage — Discovery of Mermaid — Hudson's Arrangements with the Dutch — His Misfortunes and Terri- ble end 80 CHAPTER XVII. SiB Thomas Smith : Charges against him — He Resigns the Trensnrcrship of the Virginia Company, and receives a Grant of Land to the Colony — Sir Edwin Sandys appointed his Successor — Lotteries— Supplies obtained by tlieir means for the Colony 81 CHAPTER XVIII. Lord Delaware, Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Somers, Captain Newport, Sir Thomas Dale, Sir F. Wainman : Lord Delaware arrives in Virginia — Builds two Forts on the James River — Leaves Virginia and goes to the Western Islands — Settlement of Daniel Goo- kin in Virginia, and Removal to New Englanu— Sir Thomas Dale ap- pointed G'overnor of Virginia — Outline of his Character — Appoint- ment of Sir Tliomas Gates — Dispute between him and Admiral Som- ers on a Question of Precedence — Wreck of Somers hi Burinuda — Ilia Death, Burial, and Monument — First Settlement of New York — Ar- rival of Sir Ferdinaudo Wainman in Virginia — His Death — Death of Lord Delaware 32j Sir Samttel Argal and Sir George Yeardlet : Argal's Expedition to Northern Virginia, and his Defeat of the Freneli at .Mount Desart — Takes and destroys Port Roval — Holds a Conference with Bicu- court — Visits the Dutch at the Hudson River— Tlie Dutch Governor Surrenders to him— His Voyage to England— Is appointed Deputy- Governor of Virginia — His severe Disci])line— Charged of Peculation, and is Superscdi-d— But Escapes by the help of the £arl of Warwick — Commands an Expedition against the Algerines, and is Knighted by King James- His Character — Appointment of Sir George Yeardley to the Governorship of Virginia — He encourages the Cultivation of Tobacco— Att;uks the Chiekahominy Indians— Vicissitudes iu hia Career — His Death 34 CHAPTER XX. Sib Francis Wtat : Succeeds Y'eardley in the Government of Virginia — Is Deceived by the Native Chiefs— Massacre of the Colonists — He opposes the change of Government contemplated by the Crown, and returns to Ireland 36 CHAPTER XXI. BABTHOLOiraw GosKOLD, Martin Prisg, Bartholomew Gilbert, and George Weymouth : Gosnold's Voyage to Virginia — His Interview and Traffic with the Natives— Returns to England — Accompanieb John Smith to Virtrinia — His Death — Bring sails for North Virginia- Discovers Fox Island — Enters Massachusetts Bay — Interview with the Natives — Returns to England, and makes a Second Voyage— Gil- bert sails for Virginia, and is killed by the Natives— Weynioutli's Voyage to America — He Discovers George's Island and Pentecost Harbour, and Kidnaps some of the Natives 38 CHAPTER XXII. John Robinson: His Birth and Eariy History— Minister of a Dissenting Vlll C () N T K N T S . Conprocation— Tlolljriou'; Pcrsorutlon^— lie rrmovca to AniRtrrJam— Ilia DiBiiutation willi K|)iBci)|)U8— His CbiircU coiiU'iiiijlutcs a Re- moval— They apply lo Uic Virfjinia C<)ini>aiiv— The Sermon before Jieriioval, aud I'artiii;; from those who Bailed lor America— llis Ucalh — Character and I'osterily *2 CHAPTER XXIII. /0ff!» Carver: AppoInU-d Afjcnt by the English Settlers at Lcyden— Superintends arrangements for Kinii^ration— Is appointed President of Ihi! Company — .Nfakcs an Excursion from Cape Cod in Search of a Harbor— Lands on Clark's Island— Forms a Settlement at Plymouth — His Interview with Massassoit — His Death, Character, and Poster- ity— Relics In the Cabinet of the Historical Society .... 44 CHAPTER XXIV. William Uradpord: His Birth and Education — Removes to Amster- dam-Accompanies Emiirrants to New England— Loss of his Wife — Is chosen Governor of New Plymouth— Indian Conspiracies- Brad- ford ad(>|)t8 M casures of Defence — Surrenders the Patent to the Col- ony— ills Death, Character, aud Descendants 47 CHAPTER XXV. William Brewster : Honors from the Dutch Government — Removes to Holland— P^stiiblishes a Printing-Ofliee— Crosses to America— OIU- ciates as a Preacher — His Death and Cliaracter .... 50 CHAPTER XXVI. Robert CrsnMAN : Embarks for America— Returns to England — Arrival at Plymouth— Ills Lecture on Self-Love — His Family comes to New England 61 CHAPTER XXVII. Ekwarb Wfnslow : Ills Birth and Education— Travels on the Continent of Europe — Removes to America— Visits Massassoit — Returns to Eng- land — Sails again for New Plymontli, whence lie is again Sent to England as Agent — His Committal to the Fleet Prison— Is Released, and Returns to New England — Is Chosen Governor, and then m»de Commissioner of tlie United Colonies— Is Sent by Cromwell against the Spaniards — Dies on thv Passage to Jamaica — Ills Posterity . . 52 CHAPTER XXVITI. UiLEP STANDTsn : A Soldii-r In the Netherlands — Embarks for America — Compels CorbltJiut to Submit at Swanzey — His Resolute Policy towards the Indians — His Expedition to Wessajusset and Cape Ann — Mr. Hubt'ard's (Jbservatlons Respecting II im — Returns to England as Airent for the Colony — His Death and Descendants — Estimate of Ills Character — The Policy of Sending Convicts to Virginia . . 55 CHAPTER XXIX. Joint WrarnROP; First Governor of Massachusetts : His Birth and .An- cestry/— His Character— Examination of His Accounts— llis DilTieul- cultles with Mrs. Iliiteliinsou and Her Followers — His Conduct to- wards tlie Cliurcli at Boston — Opinions of Democracy, Liliei-ty, and the .Magistnicy — Pecuniary P^mbarrassraents and Family A mictions — His Death and Posterity — The Portrait in the Senate Chamber of Massachuactta 67 CHAPTER XXX. JoiiN WrNTnnop, F. R. S., Governor of Connecticut— TTis Birth and Education — Removal to New England — Obtains a Charter Incorpo- rating Connecticut and New Haven — Is Chosen Governor of the Col- ony — Elected Fellow of the Royal Society — Ills Death ... 68 CHAPTER XXXI. Geoboe Calvert, Cecilius Calvert (Lords Baltimore), Leonard Cai.- VKKT : Birth and Ednc^Ulon of George Calvert — He Enters the Ser- vice of Sir Robert Cecil — Is made Secretary of State, and Receives a Pension from King James — Becomes a Roman Catholic — Is Created Baron of Baltimore — Attempts a Settlement In Newfoundland — Visits Virginia— Receives a Grant of Territory North of tlir Potomac — His Cliaracter and Death— Cecil Receives a Patent of Maryland— Rettlee the Colony and Appoints Ills Brother Leonard Governor — Leonard Calvert Promotes Immigration 69 CHAPTER XXXII. WlIJ.lAM Petts : Ills Birth and Education— He Travels to France, and Visits Ireland- Attaches Himself to the Society of Friends— Is Ar- rested and Discarded by Ills Father— Becomes an Itinerant Preacher — Is Imprisoned In the Tower of London — Ills Second Jour- ney to Ireland— Reconciled with His Father— He is ag.iin Arrested and Imprisoned In Newgate?— Pleads the Cause of the (Quakers before Parliament — Receives a Charter of Pennsylvania— Terms of Settle- fiieiil — Sends a Letter to the Indians— ICiiiharks with a Nuiiilu r of tjiiakers for America — Arriveg at Ncwcaslle — Founds and Names Philadelphia— Is Elected a Fellow of the Royal .Society- 1 In Stvle of Prea.-hing— Departure for England— Ho Publishes a P.onk oil the Liberty of Conselenco— la Suspected of being Inimical to King Wil- liam—Becomes Involved In Delit — Signs li New Charter — Again Visits England— His Embarrassments and Death ... 60 CHAPTER XXXIII. AmiNnix TO thb Dioobaphies : Account of the Natives of New Eng- land . . ... ...... 66 HISTORY OF SOUTH AMERICA. Editor's Preface AUTnOR'S PKEfACE PAoa . 03 BOOK I Progress of Navigation among the Ancients — View of their Discoveries as Prejiaratory to those of the .Modems — Imperfections of Ancient Navigation and Geography — Doctrine of the Zones — Further Discov- eries Checked by the Irruption of Barbarous Nations — Geographical Knowledge still Preserved in the East among the Arabians — Revival of Commerce and Navigation in Europe — Favoured by the Crusades — Extended by Travellers into the East — Promoted by the Invention of the Mariner's Compass — First Regular Plan of Discovery fonncd by Portugal — State of that Kingdom — Schemes of Prince Henry — Early Attempts Feeble — Progress along the Western Coast of Africa — Hopes of Discovering a New Route to the East Indies — Attempts to Accomplish this — Prospects of Success 60 BOOK II. Birth and Education of Columbus— He acquires Naval Skill In the Ser- vice of Portugal — Conceives Hopes of reaching the East Indies by holding a We-.terly Course — His System Founded on the Ideas of the Ancients and Knowledge of their "Navigation, and on the Discoveries of the Portuguese — His Negotiations with Different Courts— Obsta- cles which he had to Surmount in Spain — Voyage of Discovery — Dilhculties and Success — Returns to Spain — Astonishment there at the Discovery of a New World — Papal Grants— Second Voyage — Colony Settled — Further Discoveries — War with th? Indians — First Tax Imposed upon Them— Third Vova^e — State- of the Spanish Colonj- — Errors in the First System of Colonizing — Voyage of the Portuguese to the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope — Its Effects — Discoveries made bj Private Adventurers in the New World — Name of America given to it — Machinations against Columbus — He Is Disgraced, and scut in Chains to Europe — His Fourth Voyage — Discoveries, Dis.istors, aud Death 78 BOOK III. State of the Colony In Hispaniola— New War with the Indians— Cruelty of the Spanianls — Fat^il Regulations couceniing the Condition of the Indians — Diniiuution of that People — Discoveries and Settle- ments— First ("ohtny planted on the Continent — Conquest of Cuba — Discovery of Florida — Discovery of the South Sea — Great Expecta- tions aud DisappoinUnents — Controversy about the Treatment of the Indians — Contrary Decisions — Zeal of the Ecclesiastics, particularly of Las Casus — Singular Proceedings of Ximenes — Negroes imported into America — Las Casas' Ideas of a New Colony — He is Permitted to Attempt to Carry out his Scheme, aud is Unsuccessful — Discover- ies towards the West— YucaUm — Campeachy — New Spain — Prepara- tions for luvasiun 90 BOOK IV America In the Fifteenth Century— Its Inhabitants — Sccnerv, etc. — Tlieories concerning the Early Population — Condition and Character of ttie Americans — Higher Civilization of the Mexicans and Peru- vians — Physical and Mental Characteristics of the People — Their Do- mestic Life — Political Stiite and Institutions — System of War — Con- ditiou of the Arts— Ecligloas Belief and Institutlous^Genenkl Cus- toms 96 BOOK Y. Thb Conquest of New Spain by Cortez . . 118 BOOK VI Thb Conquest of Peru by Pizarro— Dissensions and Civil Wars of the Spaniards in that Country — Their Origin and Consequences . . 136 BOOK YII. Institutions and Manners of the Mexicans and Peruvians — Their Con- dition compared with otlier American States — Origin of tlie Mexi- cans — Their Progress in Civilization — Genius of their Religion — The Peruvian Monarchy— Ita Policy Founded on Religion — Laws of Property — Puldic Works among the Peruvians — Pacitie Character of the People — t)ther Dominions of Spain in America — Sonora — Califor- nia—Honduras ajid Yucatan— Chili— Tucuman—Tiorra Flrme- King- dom of New Grenada BOOK VIII. Inteuiok Government. Commerce, etc., of the Spanish Colonics — De- population of America- Siiani.sh .Mode of Colonization— Eeclesias- tie:il I'olicy— Character of the Clergy— Progress of Christianity — Minend Resimrees of the Country — Mode of Working the Mines — Other Commodities of South A inericfl— Effects of this New Com- merce on Spain — Errors in the Spanish System — Contraband Trade "'rinces — Trade between inerce on r>paiii — I'.rrors iii the Spanlsli bystc — Decline of Spain — Policy of the Bourbon Pi New Spain and the Philippines- Revenue of S hilippiuc BOOK IX, Spain from America Relations of Sp.nin In Europe— Ellcets of tlie Policy of Napoleon and of the Wars with England— Tlie Spatilsh American Colonies seeking Independence— Their L'lliiualc Success— SeparaUot' <\i b-uzil into C O N T E N T S . ix tin Independent Monarchy — War between Spiiin and the Rcptiblics of Chili iiiid Peru— The War against raraguay — Defeat and Death of Lopez — Ueview of the Present Couditiou of the South American Countries — Conclusion 170 Notes upon the History of South America 186 THE HISTORY OF NOETH AMERICA. Editor's Preface AurnoB's Pbefach 209 BOOK r. CHAPTER I. Cabot's Voyage and Discovery of Newfoundland — Maritime Enterprise Favored by Queen Elizabeth — The Slave Trade — Sir Walter Ralcigli's . Projects— Colony in North America— First Expedition--Thc Country named Virginia — A Colony Established at Roanoke — ^^Misfortnncs of the Coloniats — Tobacco Introduced into England — The Division of North America between Two Corapaoies — Their Charters — Code of Laws — Arrival of Colonists in the Bay of Chesapeak?— James Town Founded — llostility of the Indians — Distress in the Colonv — Captain Smith— Ilis Election to the Presidency — New Charter— Lord Dela- ware appointed Governor — Smith's Return to England . . . 210 CHAPTER II. Increasing Difficulties of the Colonists — The Wise Administration of Lord Delaware — Sir Thomas Dale — Martial Law — Cultivation of To- bacco — First Assembly of Representatives in Virginia— New Consti- tution for the Colonj' — Dispute between the King and the Colony — Indian Conspiracy and Massacre of the Colonists— Dissensions of "the London Company — Dissolution of the Company— Tyrannical Govern- ment of Sir John Ilarvey — Sir W. Berkeley appointed Governor — The Popular Assembly Restored — Part taken by Virginia in the Rebellion of Cromwell — Restrictions on the Trade of the Colony — Revolt of the Colonists 219 CHAPTER III. Imtolict of the Navigation Acts — Discontent and Distress in the Colony — Naturalization of Aliens — Indian Hostilities — Bacon's Rebellion — Bill of Attiiinder — The Administration of Colonel Jeffreys — Dispute with the Assembly — Lord Culpepper's Administration — Continued Disaffection — Insurrection and Punishment of the Rebels — Arbitrary Measures of the Crown — James II. increases the Trade of the Colo- nists — nie Government of Lord Effingham — Effect upon the Colo- nies of the Revolution of 1CS8— State of Virginia at this Period — Population, Laws, and Manners 226 BOOK II. The New England States. CHAPTER I. The Plymouth Company — Popham- Establishes a Colony at Fort Saint George — Sufferings of the Colonists — Captain Smith's Voyage and Survey of the Countiy — It is named New England — Inetfcctual Attempt to Colonize it— History and Character of the Puritans — Rise of the Independents — A Congregation retires to Holland and ulti- mately Resolves to Settle in America — Their Negotiation with King James — They Arrive in Massachusetts and Found New Plymouth — Hardships of the Colonists — Their Civil Institutions — Community of Property— Salem Founded — Charter of Massachusetts Bay — Embark- ation of a New Bai d of Emigrants — Their Arrival at Salem — Their Coustitutiou— Two Persons Banished for Schism — Intolerance of ;hc Puritans 233 CHAPTER II. I'OB Charter Government transferred from England to Mafsachusetts — Continued Emigration — Founding of Boston— Disfranchisement of Dissenters— John Cotton, his Colleagues and Successors— Williams' Schism — He Founds Providence — Arrival of Hugh Peters and Ileni^ Vane— A Representative Assembly — Foundation of Connecticut and "New Haven — War with the Indians— Severities Exercised Ijy tlie Colonists — Mrs. Hutchinson — Colonization of Rhode Island, Maine, and New Hampshire — State of New England — Population, Manners, and Laws 243 CHAPTER III. Federal, Union of the New England States — Provincial Coinage of Money — Impeachment and Trial of Governor Winthrop — Arbitrary Proceeding ajrainst Dissenters — Attempts to Civilize the Indians — Indian Bible Printed in Massachusetts — A Synod of the New Eng- land Churches — Cromwell's Administration Favourable to New Eng- land — Persecution of thi Anabaptists in Massachusetts — Conduct and Sulfcrug of the Quakers — The Restoration of the King — Addresses of the Colonists to Charles II.— The Declaration of Rights— The Kind's Message to Massachuoettu — Royal Charter of Incorporation to Rboie Island, Providence, Connecticut, and New l-^'Wutt . CHAPTER IV. Emigration of Ministers to New England — A Royal Commission — DilTcrences between the Colonists and the King— Cession of Acadia to the French — Prosperity of New l>iigland — Conspiracy of ll>o Indians — Continuance of Disputes with the Crown — Religion and Morals In the Colonv — Surrender of tlio Charter dcinanded by the King — Writ of Quo Warranto issued — The Charter adjudged to bo Forfeited 258 CHAPTER V. Dkath of Cliarles II. — Its Effect upon the Colony— Andros appointed Governor of New England — Submission of Rhode Island — Colonial Policy of King James — Intrigues of the French Provoke the Hostili- ties of the Indians — Insurrection at Boston — Connecticut and Rliode Island resume their Charters— William and Mary Proclaimed — Con- auest of Acadia by Sir William Pliipps — Imoeachment of Governor Andros— The King refuses to Restore the Ancient Constitution of Massachusetts — Tiie New Charter — Witchcraft in New England — Peace of Rys wick— Moral aud Political Condition of the Colouj . S06 BOOK III. Maryland — Charter obtained Iry Lord Baltimore from Charles 1. — Ro- man Catholic Emigration — Treaty with the Indians — First Assembly in Maryland — Early Introduction of Negro Slavery — War with the Indians — Cleyborne's Rebellion— Religious Toleration Established, afterwards Abolished — Establishment of a Provincial Mint — Pros- perous Condition of the Colony — Naturalization Acta— Law against Importing Felons — Si'paration of Delaware from Mai-yland — Report of a Popish Plot — A Protestant Association is Formed — Estahlisli- nunt of the Church of England — Persecution of the Catholics — Stat« of the Province — Manners — Laws S.T1 BOOK ly. CHAPTER I. North and South Carolina — Early Attempts of the French and Span- iards to Colonize this Territory — First Charter granted to Lord Clar- endon and Others — Formation of Albemarle Settlement — Settlement of Ashley River — Second Charter — The Constitutions of South Caro- lina — Emigration Thither — John Locke created a Landgrave — Hos- tilities with the Spaniards in Florida, and with the Indians — Culpep- per's Insurrection — His Trial and Acquittal — Discord among tho Colonists 28S CHAPTER II. Affairs of South Carolina— Indian War — Practice of Kidnapping In- dians — Emigration from Great Britain and France — Pirates Enter- tained in the Colony — The Navigation Laws— Discontent among the Colonists — Naturalization of French Refugees resisted — The Funda- mental Constitutions Abolished — Wise Administration of Archda)» and Return of Proeperity— State of the People — Manners — Trade 293 BOOK y. CHAPTER I. Nbw York— Hudson's Voyage of Discovery- First Settlement of the Dutch at Albanj — The "Province granted by the States-General to tho West India Cornpwy of Holland- The Dutch extend their Posses- sions into Connecticut — Disputes with New England— Settlement of Delaware by the Swedes— VVar between the Dutch and the Indians — Alarm of the Dutch Governor — The Province granted to the Duke of York — Is Invaded by an English Fleet — Surrenders — Government of Colonel Nichols- Holland cedes New York to England— Recaptures it — Cedes it Again— A New Charter Granted — A Free Constitution given to the Colony by the Duke of York 300 CHAPTER II. CoLONEi, Dongan's Administration— The Five Indian Nations— Their Hostility to the French— War— Discontent at New York— The French burn Sclicncctady— Arrival of Governor Slaughter— Trial and Execu- tion of Leister — Wars aud Mutual Cruelties of the French and In- dians—Governor Fletcher's Administration — Captain Kidd — Trial of Bayard— Administration of Lord Corubury — State of the Colony at the Close of the Seventeenth Century StiS BOOK yi. New Jersey Sold by the Duke of York to Berkeley and Carteret— Emi- gration from Long Island to New Jersey — Arrival of the First (io>- crnor and Settlers from England— Discontent in the Colony— Con duct of the Duke of York— Situation of the Quakers in England — Their Emigration to New Jersey — Remonstrance of the Quakers Leading to the Recognition of the Independence of the Province — First Assembly — R. Barclay appointed Governor- Scotch Emigration to New Jersey — Surrender of the Coloni.iJ Patent to the Crown— Con- stitution of the Provincial Government after the Reunion of East and West New Jersey— State of the Colonv SIC BOOK yii. CHAPTER I. Pennsyxvanta aud Delaware — Birth and Character of William Penn — He Solicits a Grant of American Territory from Charles II. — Chart«r of Pennsylvania — Emigration of Quakers to the Province — Letter from Pcuu to the Indiana- Grant of Delaware to Penn — Peuu's .Ke- CONTENTS. ception in America — Numerous Emigration — Tlie First Leprlslative Afscmblv— Controversy with Lord Baltimore— Treaty with tlie In- dians— >Iew Fonn of Govcrumeut Adopted— Philadelphia Founded — Pcua's Ketum to England 323 CHAPTER II. Pksn at the Court of James II. — Dissensions among the Colonists — Their Disnjrreements with Penn — He iippointa Five Commissioners — Beiii^ Dissatisfied witli them, he makes Markwell Deputy-Governor — Diltercuces between tlie People of Delaware and Pennsylvania — Delaware obtains a Separate Executive — Schism in Pennsylvania — Penn Deprived of his Authority — Fletcher appointed Governor — Penn's Authority Restored — Oi>inions of the Quakers concerninc; Nejjro Slavery — Renewal of the Disi)utos between the Two States — Their Union Dissolved — Condition of Delaware and Pennsylvania at the close of the Seventeenth Centurv 830 APPENDIX. Btate and Prospects of the North American Provinces at the close of the Seventeenth Century — Opinions of the Colonists respecting the Policy of Great Britain 338 NOTE» to the First Part of the History of North America .... 341 COXTIXUATION OF THE HiSTOKY OF NoKTH AlIERICA FROM THE Period of the English REVoLtrriox of 1688. CHAPTER I. Disputes between New Tork and New Jersey — Overthrow of the Royal Govcriimcnt in New York — Settlement of Pennsylvania — New Char- ter for .Massachusetts — Restoration of the Government in New York — War with the French and Indians — War with Canada, and with the Spanish Colonies — Settlement of the Boundaries between Massachu- setts and Connecticut — Yale College . . . . . . . 348 CHAPTER II. PirPR Money in Massachusetts — Inroads of the Indians — Deputation to the French — Alterations in the Cliarter- Disputes between the Ex- ecutive and the Legislature — Adjustment of the Boundary Disputes between New York and New Jersi.y — Controversy between New York and Canada — Prosperity of the Northern Colonies — Proceed- ings in Carolina — Settlement of Yamasce Territory— Settlement of Georgia— Quarrel with the Spaniards— Attack upon St. Augustine — Abortive Attempt upon Gcoriria 350 CHAPTER III. War between France and England — The Attack and Surrender of Louis- burg — D'Anville's Expedition — Abortive Attempt upon Nova Scotia — Peace — Paper Money — Discovery of Louisiana and Founding of New Orleans — The Rupture l)etween tlie English and French Colonics — Capture of Nova Scotia — Expeditions against Crown Point and Niagara — Capture of Oswego — Unsuccessful Attack upon Ticon- tleroga — Details of the Several Campaigns — Capture of Quebec by the English, and the Death of Wolfe— Surrender of New France — Gcnend Peace 353 CHAPTER IV. I! tSf OUT of the Colonies from the Peace of Paris, 1703, to 1774 . . 359 CHAPTER V. Proceedings of the British Parliament in Consequence of the Destruc- tion of Tea bj the Bostonians • 308 CHAPTER VI. PKOCEEnixos in the Colonics— The Congress at Philadelphia — Resolu- tions agreed upon S70 CHAPTER VII. Proceedings In Great Britain In Response to the Action of the Colonies 870 CHAPTER VIII. CONSEO.UEXCES in America of the Action taken In Great Britain- Com- meiieement of Hostilities — A Day of Fasting and Humiliation Ap- pointed — Laiuling of British Troops at Boston — Battle of Bunker's ilill and Gallant Uctrcat of the Americans 380 CHAPTER IX. Meeting of the Second Congress— An Army Organized— Petition to the KL''.>(r — General Washington made Commander -In -Chief — Transac- tions in Massachusetts 884 CHAPTER X. TicoNDEnoGA Taken— Canada Invaded— Varied Fortunes of the Colo- uisU 887 CHAPTER XI. Transactions In Virginia— The Carolinas— Georgia- (Jeneral State of AfTairs In the Colonies lu 1775 — Proceedings in Massachusetts — Evacu:|tion of Boston .... . . . 393 CHAPTER XII. Proceedings in Parliament— Operations in South Carolina— New York and New Jersey— Dr. Franklin— A British Fleet on the Hudson — Complaints against Washin;cton — Details of tlie War — Siclviiess among the American Troops— The Americans Driven out of Can- ada—Conquest of New York by the British— Eud of the Campaign of 1770 sgp HISTOEY OF THE UNITED STATES. CHAPTER I. Of Independence — State Constitution an CHAPTER XXXII. Administration of Andrew Johnson — Proclamation Concerning the South— Equal Riglits for Whites and Blacks— The Test Oath Bill- Amendment of the Constitution — Conduct of Mr. Seward against the Emperor of Mexico — Canada Refuses Mr. Seward's Demands — Pol- icy of the President on the Question of Civil Rights — Convention of the National Union Club at Philadelphia — Political Quarrels — Irish American Raid upon Canada — The Fourteenth Amendment — Proclamations Regarding Texas and the Political Rights of the South — Negotiations for the Settlement of the Alabama Claims — The Mexican Dilllculty — luijieachmeut of the President — The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution 69S CHAPTER XXXIII. Administration of Grant — Virginia, Texas, and Mississippi — Congress Refuses to Acknowledge a Supreme Being — Finances of the Country — Panama Ship Canal — Progress of Reorganizing the South — Labor Movements — Proclamation Relative to the Franco-German War — Revocation of Shipping Licenses by Canada — The Alabama Claims Again — Patrons of Husbandry — Seizure of the Vinjinias — Labor Riots -Financial Discussions in Congress 6oe CHAPTER XXXIV. General Summart — Education, Commerce, and Navigation — Agricul- culture — Manufactures — Cotton, Mining, RaUroads, and Canals — Immigration— Population — Religion— Telegraphs — Postal Service — Newspapers— Gold— The Public Debt 60S NAERATIVE OF THE INDIAN WAES IN NEW ENGLAND. Preface 633 CHAPTER I. Introdtiction — First Settlement of New England — Conference and Con- clusion of Peace with the Indians- Treachery of the Pequods— Fight with the Colonists in 163t;— Visit of Miantonimo, Sachem of the Nar- ragansetts, to Boston— Captain Mason's Report of an Attack on Mi- antonimo— Final If ue of the Pcquod War— Massassoit's League with the English at Plymouth— Covenant of Philip, Chief Sachem of Pa- kanoketr— Renewed Treacheries and Breach of Treaty Engagements —New Agreement with the Narragansetts— Hostages given Tor their Good Behaviour— Oecui)ation of the Plymouth Forces- Expedition to the Indian Settlements on the Merrimac^Pertidy of the Nipnct Indians— Alliance with the Pequods— In'-jdents in the War- Mur- ders of Women and Children— Desperai-i ' onflict with the Narrn- gansetts— Sufferings of the Colonists and their ^Ulies- Destruction of Lancaster— Attack on Groton and Other Places— Amnesty offered by Proclamations at Boston— Persistence of Philip in the War— Suffer- ings from Drought — Great Fire at Boston 624 CHAPTER II. The War from Piscataqua to Pemmaquid— Causes of the Disturbance — Barbarous Conduct at Oyster Bay — Attack upon the Colonists at Salmon Falls— Remarkable Escape of Anthony Bracket and his Wife —Indian Surprises of the Settlers— History of Francis Card— Joan Paine . CC3 KING PHILIP'S WAR. To TUE Rbadbb 631 CHAPTER I. Settlement of Mr. Church — His Difficulties with the Natives — Assault upon the Settlement — Indian Prisoners Sold as Slaves — Strategy of the King — Comnnssion to Cajitain Church — Interesting Details ol the War — Successes against the Enemy 682 CHAPTER II. The History Continued — The Council of War to Captain Church- General Instructions— The First Expedition East — Caption Church's Report to the Governor and Council of Massachusetts — The Second Expedition — Ollicial Reports — The Third Expedition — Official Docu- ments and Repnrts — The Fourth Expedition -Proceedings of Major Church — The Fifth and Last Expedition- Official Letters and '1d- structious — Details of the Exoeditiou . . , . . P9V CONTENTS OF THE APPENDIX. CONTINUATION OF HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. CHAPTER XXXV. ADMrtnsTRATio>-s of Grnnt and Hayes — Important Decisions in the United Slates Court — Conventions of Southern Delegates, Temperance So- cieties, and Grangers — National Finances— Cabinet Changes in 1875 — Death of Vice-President Henrj- Wilson— Whisky Frauds— Secretary Bi^lknap— Centennial Exhibition, Costs, Receipts, Etc. — Presidential Election Returns, Settlement by an Arrangement — Stocks and Ship- ping — Rutherford B. Hayes Inaugurated — New Cabinet — Education, Common Schools and Colleges — Indian Wars, Custer, Sitting Bull, Joseph — Labor Strikes — Decline in Immigration — Failures — Fires — Fishery Question. ....... . 731 CHAPTER XXXVI. General Soimart and Valuable Statistical Information — Foreign and Domestic Trade— Statistics of Schools, Universities, and Seminaries — rul)lic Debt, Coin and Bullion — Newspapers and Periodicals — Dairy Products — Production of Gold and Silver — Railroads and Population — Pensions — Public Lands. ....... 734 CONTINUATION OF HISTORY OF SOUTH AMERICA. BRAZHy — Its Resources — Dom Pedro — Population — Immigration — Terri- tory — Wealth — Trade— Railroads — Agriculture. . . . 729 Chili — Territory — Population — Exports and Imports — Chili and Peru — Education. ......... 730 Ecuador — Population — Territory — Commerce — Indigo — Harbors — Revolts. ......... 730 Peru — Extent — Inhabitants — Imports — Exports — Revolutions — Revenue — Public Confidence. ........ 731 Bolivia — President Elect — Free Port — Articles of Export— Railroads — Rich Silver Lodes— Depositions of President*— Prosperous Times. 731 Argestise Repcblic — Population — Provinces — Revenue — Trade in Meat and Horses — Railroads. ....... 731 Guatemala — Presidential Election — Revenue — Imports — Peaceful State of Affairs — Steamers, Roads, and Aqueducts. .... 731 Costa Rica — Revolution —Revenue — Boundaries — Population — Educa- tion — Commerce — Costa Rica Railroad — British Consul Dismissed. 731 Central America — Conference of Delegates — Projects for a Confedera- cy — Non-Success of the Scheme. ...... 732 Nicaragua— Territorv — Population — Exports— Imports — Route of Ship Canal— Trade— Tobacco 733 Venezuela — Popuh-.tion — Education — Imports — Exports —Telegraphs. 733 Colombia -Boundaries —Population — Exports — Imports — Debt — Isth- mus of Panama Railway — Improvements — Great Canal Project. 733 Paraguay— Boundary Troubles— Fluctuiiting Revenues- Debt — Exports — Imports — Money from London— Rivers Open to Free Navigation. 733 Mexico — Boundaries — Area— Population — Anny — Articles of Import and Export— Tonnage — Revolutions — Brigands— Revenue — Smuffslinc. 733 Editorial Articles- From New York Baily Times— From New York Evening Mail. ......... 733 General Remarks. ........ 734 CHRONOLOGY, INDEX, 73G 827 History of the Police and Police Departments ot the cities of New York and Brooklyn. Page 827a ADDIXIOlSAIv IIvLUSXRAXIONS. PAGE. George VV. Walling. Portrait, ------ 826 Patrick Campbell, .<.-.--. 826 William Murray 827a George W. Dilks, 827^^ John McDermott, 827a Thomas W. Thorne, %rja George A. Waddy, " - - - - - - 827a LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. PORTRAIT Frontispiece. (PERSICOS) COLUMBUS AND THE INDIAN MAIDEN, ' . Vi